THE UN IVERS ITY LIBRARY

UN IVERS ITY OF CALIFORN IA , SAN DIEGOLA JOLLA , CALIFORN IA

THE CHRONOLOGY

OF MOD E RN I N D I A

A .D . 1 494— 1 894

P R E F A C E

A WORK o f re fe re n c e containing the princ ipal Fastz'

o f I ndian

H i s t o ry from t h e t im e wh e n E u ropean i n te rc our s e and com

m erc ial re lat i ons b egan w i th t h e E as t , o n t h e di s c ove ry o f t h e

Cape o f G ood H ope n ear t h e c l o s e o f t h e fift e e n t h c e n t u ry,has

been fe l t as a de s ide ratum by s tude n ts and read e r s . For t h e

ear l i e r h i s t o ry t h e e x c e l l e n t manual o f C . Mabe l D uff (MrsW . R .

R ickmers) pu b l i s h ed 1 899 , supp l i ed a much fe l t want , and t h e

p re s e n t vo lum e fo rm s t h e c omp lem ent to t hat wo rk ,—t h e twofo rm i ng a c o n t i n uou s ch ro n o l ogy o f eve n ts i n I ndia from t h e

ear l i e s t t im e s t i l l the pre s e n t .

A bo u t e igh t years ago mat e r ial s for t h e vo l um e we re co l l ec t ed

from t h e h i s t o r i cal wo rks o f O rm e,B r iggs

’

s Ferishta,E l l i o t and

D ows o n,M i l l andW i lson

,G ran t -D uff

,E lph ins t o n e , Mar s hman

,

Mal l eso n,Kaye , Ho lm e s

,D anve rs

,Phayre,Tro t t e r, and o t h e r s

too n um e ro u s t o m e n t i on. These w e re ar ranged i n 1 9 0 7 , b u t

lai d as ide . I n now rev i s ing i t for t h e p re s s , much o f i t has been

rew r i t t e n and cons i d e rab ly ex t e nded.

By w r i t e r s o f the e igh te e n th and m o s t par t o f las t c ent u ry,

I n d ian pe r s onal and p lac e nam e s we re w r i t t e n in eve ry var i e tyo f s p e l l i ng—o ft en i n fo rm s now scarce ly rec ogn i sab l e . To avo id

the c o n fu s i o n o f such i r regular i t i e s , prope r nam e s are he re repre

s e n t ed i n ge n e ral acco rdanc e w i t h t h e syst em i n use in the

rec e n t Gaz e t t ee rs and Maps of the Ind ian G ove rnm e n t and i n

s eve ral recent h i s t o r i cal wo rk s .The Inde x w i l l b e found pre t ty c omp l e t e , and i n i t t h e

PREFACE .

nam e s o f office r s are o ft e n s tat ed m o re ful ly t han i n t h e t e x t ,

and w i t h t h e i r s u b s equ e n t rank s t o p lace- nam e s are frequ e n t lyadd ed t h e di s t r i c t s i n wh i c h t h ey are ; and occas i o nal di ffe re n ce s

o f spe l l i ng are co r rec t ed w i t h a few o t h e r e r rata.

D i ffe re n c e s i n t h e dat e s o f e v e n t s are n o t u n freque n t,occ u r

r i ng c h i efly i n t ran s lat i o n s o f Mu hammadan h i s t o r i e s,—ar i s ing

par t ly pe rhaps from i nat t e n t i o n i n c ompu t i ng t h e E uropean

from t h e H i j ra reck o n i ng—b u t al s o from o the r sou rce s,—and

i t is diffic u l t t o rec t i fy s u ch di ffe re n ce s w h e n t h ey am ou n t to

a year o r m o re . Whe n care fu l re s earc h is app l i e d t o s u ch

mat t e r s,cas e s o f the k i nd w i l l i n c o u r s e o f t im e b e c l eared up ;

and t h ough n o n e o f t h em are o f great impo r tan ce , t h ey m ay b e

c o r rec t ed w h e n a s ec o nd edi t i o n o f t h i s handbook is req u i red.

The b ook,i t is h oped,

w i l l b e found us e fu l t o al l s t ude n t s

of I ndian h i s t o ry as w e l l as t o t h e ge n e ral reade r , and t o o t h e rs

engaged i n s ec re tar ial wo rk .

J . BUR G E S S

ED IN BUR GH ,

S efitei i zber 1 9 1 2 .

E R R /1 TUM

S INCE page 95 was pr in ted off the story o f Dr Bough ton , repeated i n

so many works, has been i nvest igated by Mr W . Fos ter, of the I nd ia

O ffice, and the fol l owi ng correc t i on i s requ i red .

Page 95, f 0 7 l ines 7- 1 3, read : Jan. Mr Gab riel Bough ton,surgeon of the

Hopewel l,

” had b een sen t by the Surat Counci l to Agra as surgeon to

A salat K han, who ai d s in obtaini ng a farman for Surat from S hahjahan .

Later Bough ton went to S hah S huj a‘, G overnor of Bengal , and i s sai d to

have saved the l i fe of a favouri te of his izam m . I n reward he was granted

a patent to t rade th roughou t Bengal , B ihar, and Or i s sa free of cus tom s .

Page 92 , l ines 1 0 - 1 2 from bot tom the date s relat i ve to D r Bough ton are

much confu sed , and t h i s event mu s t have occurred several year s later.

TH E

CHRONOLOGY OF I N D I A

FROM THE CLO S E O F

THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY .

THE purpose of the presen t work i s to enumerate br iefl y,i n the order

of t ime,the h i s tori cal even t s connected w i th the h i s tory o f I nd ia from the

clos i ng years of the fi fteen th cen tury, when , by the d iscovery of the Capeof Good Hope i n 1 487, by Barth olomew de D iaz, and the open ing of

a d irec t sea rou te to the Eas t , the Portuguese began to con tend for theexclus ive commerce of I ndia. European i n teres t i n I nd ia was thus

s t imu lated and l ed to the open i ng of al l th e sou th o f As ia to the know

l edge and commerce o f the Wes t . The enumerat ion of even t s i s carr i ed

down i n the fol low ing pages from 1 49 2 to th e Viceroyal ty of the Earl

of Elgi n and Kincard i ne,

At the commencemen t of the period to be deal t w i th,v iz . 1 49 2 , th e

fol lowing were the lead ing sovereign ru lers i n I nd ia

S ikandar Shah Lodi was Emperor or Su l tan of Deh l i , havi ng succeededh i s father Bah lul Lod i i n J uly 1 489 ; he ruled t i l l 1 5 1 0 .

Shams-ud-din Muzaffar Shah, a Habsh i or Abyss i n ian slave, hadmurdered

his sovereign,Mahmud Shah I I . , King of Bengal , i n 1 49 0 , and ruled

ti ll 1 493.

Ghiyas -ud-din Shah Khalj i was ru le r of Malwa, 1 475- 1 50 0 .

Where native dates are given along w i th the correspond ing Europeanones , the Muhammadan lunar years from the H ij rat , 1 6th July 62 2 , are ind icatedby “ H . the H indu years of the V i krama Samvat , by “ V . S . , of wh ich the

epoch I S 1 8th September 57 B .C . in Western Ind ia, but in Northern Ind ia the yearbegins seven month s earl ier—the month s being the same and the Saka dates aremarked “

S .

”its epoch 15 3rd March 78 A . D .

—1 35 years later than the Samvat era.

2 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF ”U NA

Mahmfid Shah I . Baiqara or B igara, was th e powerfu l K ing of Gujarat,1 459

- 1 5 1 1 .

‘Ad i l Khan or‘A li Shah Farfiqi ruled i n Kandesh, 1 457- 1 50 3.

Mahmad Shah I I . was the Bahman i King of Ku lbarga, i n the Dekhan ,1 482 - 1 5 1 8 .

Fath Allah ‘Imad Shah i had es tab l i shed h imself as ru ler of Berar i n1 485 and re igned t i l l 1 50 4.

A hmad N izam Shah Bahri defeated Mahmud Shah of Kulbarga or

El l i chpur,1 490 , and assumed i ndependence at A hmadnagar, ru l i ng

t i l l 1 50 8.

Yt’

i z uf‘Adi l Shah revolted at th e same t ime and founded th e‘Ad i l Shah idynas ty at Bij apur ; he d ied i n 1 5 1 0 .

Qas im Barid Shah al so assumed i ndependence at B idar, 1 49 2 he d ied

i n 1 50 3.

I n the H indu s tates at the same per i od were

B ika Bhikhaji, who fou nded the B ikanir s tate i n 1 488 and ru led ti l l

1 50 4.

Rajamal la, ru ler o f Mewar, with h i s cap i tal at Chi tor, ru led from 1 489

to 1 50 9 .

Sarajmal , Raja of Marwar or Jodhpu r, ru led from 1 489 t i l l 1 5 1 6 .

Chama Raja Arberal was ruler of Mysore (Maisftr) about 1 478- 1 5 1 3.

O f Vijayanagar, the h i s tory for more than twenty years at th i s periodi s con fused and uncer tai n . Naras imha I . appears to have been ru ler

about th i s t ime .

REIGN OF S IKANDAR I I . LOD I .

H . 89 7. S ikandar I I . Lod i of Deh l i,conquers B ihar

,and

d ispossesses Husai n Sharqi o f Jaunpur .

Qasim Barid Shah of B idar rebel s agai n s t Mahmfid Shah

Bahman i of Kulbarga, and founds the Barid Shah i dynas ty of theDekhan .

Apri l : Rajab, H . 898 . Yasu f‘Ad i l Khan defeats the V I Jayanagar army under Timmaraj and the young Raja near R aicht

‘

ir.

On the death of the Raja,Timmaraj se i zes the government of

Vijayanagar .

R EIGN OF S IKANDAR I I . LOD I 3

Bahadu r G i lan i , Governor of the Konkan , havi ng revol ted , i s

repeated ly defeated by the comb ined forces of Mahmud ShahBahman i and YL

'

Lsuf‘Adi l Khan of B ijapfir, and was final l y slai n .

Hari Narayan Deva succeeds his father Bal ram Deva as

second Raja of Sambal pu r . He set tles the par t now cal led

Sonpur on h i s second son, Madan Gopal .

H . 889 .

‘Ala -ud-din Husai n Shah defeat s Muzaffar Shah

Habsh i at Gaur,and succeeds h im .

‘Ala-ud-din concludes peace

w i th S ikandar Lodi of Dehl i .

H . 899 . A laf Khan , ru ler of Morasa, rebel s , bu t on the

approach of Mahm fid Shah Baiqara’

s army, flees to Gh iyas-uddin Khalj i , who refu ses him sh el ter.

June Ramazan, H . 89 9 . Zah i r-ud-din Muhammad Babu r,

s i x th in descen t from Taim t‘

irlang(Tamerlane), succeeds h i s father‘Umar Shaikh Mi rza i n the governmen t o f Farghana.

Husai n Shah Sharqi i n attempt ing to recove r h i s k i ngdom

from S ikandar Lod i is defeated , and seeks refuge at th e cou rt o f‘Ala-ud-din PL‘

Lrb i of Bengal .

J une : Shawwal , H . 9 0 0 . Babur bes i eges th e rebel I brahi m

Saru at the fort of A sfera i n Farghana, and rece ives h i s subm i s s i on .

Joh n Cabot seeks to d i scover a North-West Passage to I ndia.

Ahmad N izam Shah Bahri , fi rs t of the N izam Shah i dynas ty

o f the Dekhan fou nds the c i ty o f A hmadnagar as h i scapi tal

,whi ch was completed i n two years .

Saka 1 4 1 7. Aniruddha wrote a commentary on the B /zdsva

tz‘

kam na of Satananda.

H . 9 0 1 . Mahmud Shah Baiqara of Gujarat marches agai n s t

I dar and Bagar l evy i ng a heavy tr i bu te. He pardon s h i s revo lted

ch ief A laf Khan .

H . 9 0 2 . Muhammad, King of Kashm i r, i s s ei zed by th e rebe l

zamz’

nddrs and i mpri soned by h i s cou s i n , Fath Khan , who

assumes the t i t l e of k i ng .

A ccord ing to Baretto de Rezende, th e Portuguese now prepare

for an exped i t io n to I ndia.

H ieronymo de Santo S tephano , a Genoese, v is i t s Burma

TH E CHRONOLOGY OF IN D IA

H . 9 0 3 . Ahmad,son of Muhammad Shah Bahman i

,marri es

a daugh ter o f Yasuf‘Adi l Shah of Bijapt

‘

ir.

H . 9 0 3. Babur succeeds to his uncle’s k i ngdom of Samar

qand,bu t holds i t on ly for one h undred days .

J u ly 8 . Vasco da Gama, wi th three or four sh ips,sai l s from

Belem . Nov . 2 2,doubles the Cape

,and on the voyage suppresses

a mu t i n y on board .

H . 9 0 4 . D astfir Dinar, the governor of Kulbarga, aspi res toi ndependence of B ijapfir, but after several ac t i on s wi th the B ijapfir

army,is k i l led i n battl e .

Maulana Hairani,au thor of B a/zm /zz-wa-N a/zid

,the Mami z z

'

m

A rz -wa-Samd, the M andz z'

m S/zaz7za‘-wa-P armmza,

and the

[Vl azzdz z'

m S Z/e/z-zc/a-M zzrg/z, d ies .

H . 9 0 4. Yt‘

I suf ‘Ad i l Khan formulates a part i t i on t reaty

for the d iv i s i on of the Dekhan k i ngdoms : Kulbarga and Sagar

are brough t under B ijapfi r ru le .

‘Adi l Khan Farfiqi of Kandesh, refus ing tri bu te to Gujarat , iscompel led by the army of Mahmud Shah to pay the arrears due.

Husai n Shah of Bengal reduces O r i s sa and i nvades Assam as

far as Kamrfip. His son Danyal,left to complete the se t tlemen t

of the coun try,i s cu t off from suppl ies, and, attacked by the Raja,

peri shes w i th h is army .

Jan. 1 1 . Vasco da Gama l eaves Natal ; March 2,reaches

Mozambique Apri l 1 4, is hosp i tably recei ved at Mal i nd i ; May 2 9 ,

anchors at Kappatt, and on the 2 7th at Pantalayini Kollam ,off

Cal icu t , May 2 8, rece ived i n aud ience by the Zamor in,bu t

harsh ly treated by th e Moori sh traders . Diogo Diaz and otherPor tuguese de tai ned as pri soners i n Cal i cu t

,for wh ich D a Gama

de tai n s eigh teen nat i ves on board . The agen t havi ng been

released,D a Gama se ts sai l (August 2 8) wi th six o f the hostages

s t i ll on board . He reached L i sbon i n September 1 499 .

H . 9 0 5. Budhan,a Brahman of Katain near I ucknow

,

as ser t s that “ the rel igi on s of both Musl im s and Hindus , i f acted

upon wi th si nceri ty,are equal ly acceptable to G od.

” Chal l enged

by the Musl im doctors, he refuses to apostat i se, and i s forthwi th

execu ted .

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THE CHRONOLOGY OF IN D IA

Jan. 1 0 . The Portuguese fleet l eaves Coch i n,touch i ng at Can~

nanor on Jan. 1 5, and reach ing Li sbon J uly 2 1 .

March . J uan de Nueva Cas t i l la,sen t from Portugal w i th fou r

vessel s,arr ives at Cannanor. A t Coch i n th ey s i nk a Moor i sh

fleet,and depar t w i th r ich cargoes of spi ces and cloth .

B ihari La1,—“ the Thomson of I nd ia

,

”—a Hind i poet of the

Court of Jaypu r, flour i shed : au thor of SafsaZ.

Pope Alexander VI . gran ts to the Portuguese k i ng a Bul l

con s t i tu t i ng him “ Lord of the Navigat ion,Conquest

,and Trade

of E th iop ia, A rab ia, Persia, and I nd ia.

”

Feb . 1 0 (accord i ng to Correa, March A fleet of ten

sh ip s under Vasco da Gama l eaves Portugal . A se t tlemen t i sarranged w i th the Kolattiri and Coch in , bu t th e Zamor i n re

mai n s host i le . D a Gama loots a Moori sh p i lgr im vessel and puts

the crew and p i lgr ims to death , defeats and burn s the Cal i cu t

flee t ; and, Dec . 2 8,sai l s for Europe .

H . 9 0 8. A Muhammadan confederacy , under Mahmfid Shah

Bahman i,marches towards Vijayanagar and forces the H i ndus to

pay t r ibu te and su rrender R aicht’

ir and Mfidkal to Bi japti r.

YL’

I suf ‘Ad i l Shah i n t roduces the Musalman Shi‘ah doctr i nes,

but shows a wise tol erance towards those o f the S unn i persuas i on .

Juan de Nueva Cas t i l la re tu rn s to Portugal , di scoveri ng S t

Helena on the way, May 2 1,1 50 2 .

Aug . 2 8 : Safar 2 6 . Hu sai n Langah I . , King of Mul tan , d ies .

His grandson,Mahm t

‘

id Khan Langah , s ucceeds .

V .S . 1 559 . Harivans,founder o f the Rasha Val labhi sec t ,

born near Mathura, au thor o f the C/zaurasz'

P ada, a Hind i poem ,

and of the R ad/Ia Sad/2a i n Sanskr i t .

March 3 1 . The Zamor i n of Cal i cu t , w i th an army of

marches to R epel im (Eddapal l i) to expe l the Coch i n Raja

T irumumpara who, wi th the res iden t Portuguese, ret i res to Vypi n

or Baypi n i s land .

Sep t . 2 . Alphon so de Al buquerque arr ives at Coch in . The

Cal i cu t garri son after a bat tl e evacuates Coch i n ; Tirumumpara i sre es tabl i shed and a fac tory founded . Thi s is the fi rs t European

fort res s i n I nd ia. Fac tor ies are nex t establ i shed at Kol lam (North

Qu i lon) and S t Thome.

REIGN OF S IKANDA R I I . LOD I 7

H . 9 0 9 . Sul tan S ikandar I I . t ransfers the capi tal of th eEmpi re from Dehl i to Agra.

Sept . 6 Rabi‘I . 1 4, H . 9 0 9 .

‘Adi l Khan FarLi q i (cal led M i ranGhan i), King ofKandesh, d ies . His brother, Ba

‘ti d Khan

,succeed s

,

and, supported by Malwa, provokes war wi th A hmad N izam Shah

of A hmadnagar, who decl i nes bat t le .

Ludovico d i Varthema (Lewes Vertomannus) of Rome, t rave lsfrom Pal ikat t o Tenasser im

,andmen ti on s A rmen ian andNestorian

Chri s t ian s res iden t at Pegu .

Jan. 1 2 . The Portuguese fleet sai l s from Coch i n,l eav ing

a factor and a pr ie st . Franci sco de Albuquerque concludes a

treaty w i th the Zamori n,broken by the sei zu re of a Cal i cu t boat .

Jan. 2 5, A lphonso de A lbuquerque sai l s . Feb . 5, h i s cous i nFranci sco sai l s w i th cargo

,bu t i s los t on the way home . Duarte

Pacheco beats off an at tack on the fort ress by th e Zamori n .

Babu r, dri ven from Transoxiana, i nvades Kabu l and takes thec i ty

,wh ich he h old s for twen ty-two years .

Qasim I . of B i dar d i es,and i s succeeded by h i s son , Am i r

Bari d I . He depr ives Mahm t‘

id Shah Bahman i of al l power,

and rules t i l l 1 538 . Yfi zuf‘Adi l Khan al so throws o ff al leg ianceto Mahmad Shah .

H . 9 1 0 .

‘A la-ud-din ‘Imad Shah i succeeds h i s father, FathA l lah of Berar ; t i l l abou t 1 52 9 .

Naroji succeeds h i s uncle, Bikaji or Bhikhaj i of B ikani r; butdy i ng the same year, i s succeeded by h i s brother, Lankharanj i .

Sep t . 1 4. A flee t o f fi fteen sai l u nder Lope Suarez,sen t by

Ki ngManuel,arr i ves at Coch in

,hav ing i n t im idated the Zamor i n

at Cal icu t by a two days’ bombardmen t .

S . 1 42 7 : Aug . 2 5. Sanskr i t i n scr ip t io n at D evulapal li records

that I madi Nrisimha ru l i ng at Penugonda, son of N risimharaya,

granted the v i l lage to a Brahman on th e occas ion of a l unar ecl ipse .

J une 4 : Muharram 1,H . 9 1 1 . Qutlugh Nigar Khanum ,

Babur’s

mother,a descendan t o f Changez Khan , andwho accompan ied h im

on most of h i s wars,d i es .

H . 9 1 1 . S ikandar Lod i Afghan spo i l s several H i ndu Rajas .

His army,at tacked at Chi nu r, i s saved by the bravery of Da

‘L‘

id

Khan and Ahmad Khan .

THE CHRONOLOGY (N ? I N D DX

Fath Khan of Kashm i r i s defeated and d riven from h i s

capi tal by the ex-King,Muhammad

,bu t re turn s w i th an army

and recovers the throne.

Ju ly 6 : Safar 3, H . 9 1 1 . Duri ng the re ign of S ikandar Shah

Lod i,A gra i s devastated by a terr ib l e ear thquake .

Lope Suarez burn s the town of Cranganor.

March 2 5. A fleet o f twen ty-two sai l, u nder Dom Franc i sco

de Almeida,l eaves Portugal to consol idate the I nd ian and o ther

Eas tern conquest s . Oc t . 2 4, th e fleet arr i ves at Coch i n wi th

the new Viceroy . Coch i n i s made the seat o f governmen t ,and forts erec ted at A njidiva Cannanor and Kol lum . The

Moors pu t to death all the Qu i lon fac tors,for wh i ch thei r sh ips

are burn t .

H . 9 1 1 . Sayy id Muhammad,son of M ir Sayy id Khan of

Jaunpu r, c lai m i ng to be the“ Imam Mahd i

,

” d ies . H is d i sc ip lesare the Ghai r -Mahdvis—a sect wh ich s t i l l ex i s ts .

H . 9 1 1 . Muhammadan i nvas ion o f Vijayanagar from B idar .I n an action at Diwal i the H indu s are v ictor iou s, driv ing back

the enemy.

March 1 6 . Lorenzo de Almeida concen trate s h i s sh i ps at Cannanor agai n st the fleet of the Zamori n

,and defeat s the combined

flee t of Turk i sh and Moori sh al l i es . Lorenzo sai l s sou th, and

reaches Ceylon,where a t reaty i s concluded .

Apri l 1 8. D a Cunha l eaves L i sbon wi th Alphonso de A l bu

querque as V i ce roy elect . He v i s i t s the Red Sea and Persian

Gul f,where some cap tai n s mut i ny and proceed straigh t to I nd ia.

He now defeated the Zamorin , fou nded and fort ified a se t t lem en t

at G oa ; then sai led to the S t rai t s o f Malacca,and took the ci ty

i n Feb . 1 5 1 0 ; reduced th e Molucca and Banda i s land s,and i n

1 5 1 4 reduced O rmuz, th e ch ie f port i n the Pers ian Gul f. Thu s

i n twel ve years he had acqu i red for Portugal al l the ch ief t rad ingports from the Cape to Ch i na—extending to m i les o f

coast

H . 9 1 2 . Di l shad,vazi r of Jam Nanda of S i ndh , conquers

Uchh .

Jahangi r , Babur’

s b ro ther,revol ts

,i s subdued and pardoned .

H . 9 1 2 . Hanumangarh or Bhatner, reduced by S ikandar .

REIGN OF S IKANDAR I I . LOD I 9

May 7 : Z i-l hijja 2 4, H . 9 1 2 . Mahmt

’

rd Shah Bahman i d ies .The governors o f J unnar, B ijapar, Berar, B idar, and Golkondaproclaim the i r i ndependence.

I n Babar’s absence Muhammad Husai n M i rza i s proclaim ed

King of Kabul . Babar on h is re turn at tacks and cap tures the Mi rza .

Apri l 2 7. De Br i to bes i eged i n Cannanor by the Kolattiri,

the Zamori n and the Moors, bu t a flee t under D a Cunha arr i ves

from Europe and rai ses the s iege . Peace i s concluded .

May 2 8 : Muh . 1 6,H . 9 1 3. S ikandar reduces Awantgarh or

Ontgir fort , and l eaves for Agra.

H . 9 1 3. Narwar bes ieged by Sikandar Lod i,aided by Jala l

Khan , Governor of Kalpi , and taken after a year’s s i ege ; mosques

and a col lege bu i l t .

Sept . Jumada H . 9 1 3. Babur marches agai n st H industan,

dr ives off boo ty from the Afghans, and return s to Kabul . Asked

to become King of Qandahar, he i s t reated t reach erously, but

defeats the Qandahar force at Khat tak .

Fath Khan i s expel led a second t ime by Muhammad fromKashm i r .

H . 9 1 3. Ahmad N i z am Shah supports the claim s of‘A lamKhan Faraqi to the th rone of Kandesh, bu t i s compel led to des i s tby the K ing of Gujarat .

A combi ned flee t of Turks and Gujara t i s,under Mal i k Ayaz ,

the Am i r-ul-Umara,Governor of D ia

,at tacks the Por tuguese off

Chaul,each side claim i ng the v i c tory .

Nov . 2 7. Almeida,wi th the fleet

,destroys Ponnan i

,the

Z amorin’

s port .

Dec . 6 . The Por tuguese fleet sai l s for Europe .

V .S . 1 564. Rise of the Katuka sec t of the Jai n s .

March 7 Z i -l qa‘da 4, 9 1 3. Humayfm born at Kabul .

H . 9 1 4. A hmad N i zam -ul Mulk Bahri,Sul tan of Ahmad

nagar, d ies . His son,Burhan N izam Shah i

,succeed s, at the age

of seven : t i l l 1 554.

Nov . : Rajab, H . 9 1 4. Mahmfid Shah,Baiqara o f Gujarat ,

proceeds to Nandarbar to depose the pu tat ive‘Ad i l Khan Faraqii n favou r of‘Alam Khan

,son of Hasan Khan , wh i ch i s accom

pl ished wi thou t b l oodshed .

1 0 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA

H . 9 1 4. A large flee t p repared i n Egyp t , under M irHusai n ,havi ng on board 50 0 Mamluks and the Z amorin

’

s ambassador .Mayimama Marakkar, engages the Portuguese fleet at Chau l

,

The Commander,Lorenzo de Almeida

,and h i s crew are k i l led .

Nov . 1 2 . His fath er,Franci sco de Almeida, i n revenge, send s

a fleet wh ich bu rn s some Cal i cu t sh ips and arr ives at Cannanoron Nov . 2 5. Dec . 1 2

,the flee t pursues M ir Husai n and en ters

Dabhol on Dec . 30 . He takes the town and massacres thei nhabi tants .

Dec . 1 4. Albuquerque, the V iceroy, i s u nab le to ej ect Almeida.

Both send despatches u nder th i s date to Dom Manuel .

Jan. 5. The Portuguese flee t sai l s from Dabhol . Jan. 2 1 ,

lands at Mah im . Feb . 3, engages and defeats the Musalman

fleet under M irHusai n i n the harbou r of D ia. March 8, A lm eida

en ters Coch i n i n tr i umph . Albuquerque i s now a pr i soner . Oct .

2 9 , Dom Fernando Cout i n ho arr ives from Portugal w i th orders

to i n stal A l buquerque as Governor -General,and (Nov . 5) he i s

proclaimed Viceroy at Coch in .

Feb . 2 4. Kr ishna Deva Raya succeeds Narasa or Vi ra Nara

s i n’

1 ha at Vijayanagar.

Rajamalla or R aimal Rana of Mewar d ies . H is son , Sanga

Rana or Sangram S ingh I .,succeeds .

H . 9 1 5. Babur takes under h i s protec t i on h i s cous i n theh i s tor ian , Haidar M irza D oghlat, son of the Am i r of Kashghar.

S . 1 43 1 . A Hampe i nscr ip t i on records that Kri shna-deva gave

the v i l lage of S ingenayakanahal l i to the temple of V irupaksha.

Jan. 4. Albuquerque and Cout i nho arr i ve at Cal icut,burn

the Z amorin’

s palace,and destroy the place bu t the nat ives

ral ly i ng, Cout i nho i s at tacked i n the palace and k i l led,wi th

e igh ty men , and Albuquerque escapes wi th a wound . He then

w i thdraws w i th the flee t to Coch i n .

Feb . 2 8. Goa for t ru shed by Noronha, Albuquerque’s nephew,

and surrendered by Mir‘A li . March 4, the Viceroy en ters G oai n s tate . May 2 0

, Goa re taken by a force under Kamal Khan ,I sma‘i l‘Adi l Khan’s general . The Portuguese re t i re t i l l September,make ano ther e ffort, and take the place agai n on Nov . 1 0 .

RE IGN OF S IKANDAR I I . LOD I I I

H . 9 1 6 . Yasu f ‘Ad i l Khan of B i j apur d ies . I sma‘i l ‘Ad i lShah , h i s son, succeeds, and successfu l l y re s i st s the efforts ofAm i r Barid to reduce B ijapar. He rules t i l l 1 534.

S ikandar I I . Lod i of Deh l i acknowledges the i ndependence

of Gujarat .

_

A ug. 6 : J umada I . 1 , H . 9 1 6 . Da‘ad Khan of Kandeshd ies . Ghazn i Khan succeeds, but after two days i s poi soned bythe m in is ter, Mal ik H i ssam-ud-din.

‘A lam Khan,a relat ive

,i s

rai sed to the th rone, bu t‘Adi l Khan I I I . Faraqi i s everywhere

acknowledged .

‘Imad-ul-Mulk of Berar, i nduced to march on the N izam Shah i

dom in ions, i s defeated at R anuri by B urhan Nizam Shah’s army .

Friar Lu iz sen t as ambassador to Vijayanagar, to seek help

agai n s t th e Zamorin .

Dec . Kri shna Deva Raya sends ambassadors t o Goa on th e

defeat of the Bijapar depu ty by A lbuquerque .

Apri l 30 : Safar 1 , H . 9 1 7. Kamal Khan plots agai n s t I sma‘i l‘Ad i l Shah . The Queen-mother d i scovers the p lot and secures

h i s assass i nat i on,and defeat s an attack on the palace at B ijapar.

Babar t urn s h i s atten t i on to I nd ia, hav ing l ost Samarqand .

May 2 : Safar 3 . Nasi r-ud-din Khalj i d ies, and Mahmud

Shah I I . ,th ird son , ascends the throne of Malwa. His e ldes t son

heads a revol t i nduced by h i s fath er’s scandal ous conduct, bu tbei ng defeated , fled to Dehl i . Mahmad ruled u nder var iou sv ic i s s i t udes t i l l 1 53 1 .

June . I n order to ru i n Musl im t rade w i th China, Albuquerque

s t rikes at Malacca, and takes the c i ty on Ju ly 2 6, slaugh teri ng thenat ives . A fort cal led “ A Famosa i s erec ted

,and rebel l i on

crushed . Dec . , A lbuquerque leaves Malacca,bu t loses r ich booty

by sh ipwreck .

Khusru Turk,a Pers ian Sh i‘ah

,i n vested wi th the estate o f

Belgaum and th e t i t l e A zad Khan .

Nov . 2 3 : Ramazan 2,H . 9 1 7. Mahmad Shah I . (Baiqara)

of Gujarat,d ies after a re ign of ful ly fifty

-two years . His son

succeeds as Muzaffar Shah I I . , crowned at Ahmadabad,D ec . 9

(Ramazan t i l l 1 52 6 .

The B ij apur forces under Falad Khan prepare to reconquer

1 2 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA

A . D .

1 5 1 1 Goa,wh ich i s i nvested al l win ter . Help from Coch in saves the

town .

V .S . 1 568. R aparshi of the Malasavada Jai na Go t ra form s

the Nagapuriya branch of the Lampaka sec t .

Jan. Albuquerque’s return to Coch i n arres t s an i nc ip ien t

revolu t i on .

H . 9 1 8. Qul i Qutb -ul-Mulk,Tarafdar of Tal ingana, assumes

i ndependence,andmakes Muhammadnagar (Golkonda) his capi tal ,

tak i ng the t i t l e of Qul i Qu tb Shah .

H . 9 1 8. Muzaffar Shah I I . of Gujarat,on an exped i t i on

agai n s t Malwa, i s d iverted from h i s obj ec t by the rebel l i on of theBhimraja of I dar, who had defeated ‘Ain -ul-Mulk , Governor

of Nahrwalah. On Muzaffar’

s arr i val at Morasa th e Raja takes

fl igh t ; h i s lands are pl undered .

Sep t . 1 0 . An expedi t i o n to reduce Makka commenced,bu t

abandoned for an attack 0 11 Banestarim wh ich capi tulates i n

Oc tober . An ambassador from G oa i s favou rab ly rece ived .

S . 1 434. A Kuppé lur copper-plate records that Krishnaraya

gave the new v i l lage Timmalapura or Tirmalapura to Timmaraya,as t rologer of Rat t i hal l i and Kod .

Feb . 1 0 . Dom Garc ia de Noronha reports the Zamori n o f

Cal i cu t w i l l i ng to make peace . A I 1 embassy i s unsuccess fu l,bu t

the Zamori n i s poi soned by h i s bro ther,who concludes peace

and gran ts a s i te for a factory , wh ich was at once erec ted .

H . 9 1 9 . Muzaffar I I . of Gujara t ravages I dar, and hav i ng

made peace w ith Bhimaraja con t i n ues his march i n to Malwa.

Kri sh na Deva of Vijayanagar marches agai n s t Udayagi r i , a

h i l l fort i n N el lor, and wages success fu l war agai n s t the King of

Or i s sa. He i s defeated at Pangu l by Qul i Qu t b Shah,who takes

Rajkonda, Devarkonda, Kovilkonda, and Ghanpura.

The Krishnasvam i temple at Vijayanagar bu i l t by Kri shna

D eva. The temple o f Hazara Ramasvam i i s begun .

Bettada Chama Raja, King of Seri ngapatam t i l l 1 552 .

Aug . Two at temp ts by the Portuguese on Aden fai l , and

Albuquerque re tu rn s to Goa.

Dec . : Shawwal,H . 9 1 9 . Pri nce Sah ib Khan of Malwa

, be

s i eged i n Manda by Mahmad I I . of Malwa, flees t o Gujarat,

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I 4 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA

Apri l 1 . The Portuguese occupy O rm uz and develop trade .

Pedro de Albuquerque appoi n ted governor .

J une 2 3 : S . 1 437 . Krishnaraya Deva’s general

,Salva Timma,

takes the fortress of Kondavid, defeat i ng the K i ng of Orangal .

Narasa P i l lai , Nayakka of Madura : t i l l 1 5 1 9 .

H . 9 2 1 . Babur agai n lays s iege to Qandahar, but h i s army

bei ng weakened by fever, he agai n makes peace and re tu rn s to

Kabu l .

The Jews at Cranganor put t o death many Muhammadan s

and l ead to the i r own ext i rpat i on from the Malabar Coast .

V .S . 1 572 . Rise of the Pas'

achandra sect of the Jai n s .

Sept . 8 . Don Lope Soarez de A lbergar ia arr i ves at G oa as

governor,appoi n ted on accoun t of s landers agai n st A l buquerque .

Dec . 1 5. A l phon so de Albuquerque d ies off Goa.

Feb . 8 . Lope Soarez conduct s an exped i t i on to Aden , bu tfai l s to reduce i t ; return s to Goa i n September, wi th a l oss of80 0 men .

A n exped i t i on to Ch ina is undertaken by Perez, a Portuguese,who i s dri ven by storm s to Bengal .

Jorge de B ri to’s tyranny at Malacca causes revol ts, wh ich are

pu t down by force .

H . 9 2 2 . S ikandar Lod i prom i sed the fortress of R antham bhor

by two plot ters,fai l s to obtai n 1 t, and re t i res to Agra.

Peace and al l iance concluded between K r i shna Deva of

V i jayanagar and th e Ki ng of O r i ssa or Orangal .

Babu r, for the th i rd t im e, bes i eges Qandahar, and Shah BegA rght

‘

m sues for peace, agree ing to su rrender the c i ty i n th e

fol lowing year to Bab ur’

s officers,and Babar return s to Kabu l .

I n H . 9 2 3 Shah Beg, as arranged , surrendered Qandahar .

H . 9 2 3. Muzaffar I I . sends an exped i t i on agai n s t Raja Mal

who attacks I dar and k i l l s Zah i r-ul-Mulk,th e governor . Muzaffar

res tores B ihar Mal .

Nov . 1 8 : Z i -l qa‘da 4, H . 9 2 3. Muzaffar Shah lays s i ege toManda i n the i n teres ts of Mahmud Khalj i of Malwa, who was

powerless agai n s t the H indu Medin i Rai . Mahm fid had fled toGujarat .

I BRAH IM 1 1 . LOD I 1 5

I BRAH I M I I . LOD I

Nov . 2 1 : Z i - l qa‘da 7, H . 9 2 3. Sikandar I I . Lod i d ies . I brah imI I . Husai n , his e ldes t son, succeeds, bu t at the i n s t igat i on o f theLod i ch iefs, h i s brother, Jalal Khan , to whom Jaunpur had been

gran ted, sets up a royal e stabl i shmen t there .

June . Perez makes a fai r voyage to the Ch ina I sland s .

Fernao de A lcaceva is sen t to G oa as Surveyor of Revenues .D i ssen si on s cause h im to return .

The Por tuguese governor concludes a treaty wi th the Queenof Qui lon (Kol lam ), and a new factory i s erected .

John de Sylveyra en ters th e por t of Chittagaon, and th e

A rakanese i nvi te the Portuguese to t rade wi th them .

H . 9 2 3. Death of Mau lana ‘A bdul lah of Dehl i , au thor o f

57mm Al i zam'

J

Jan. 7 : Z i-l hijja 1 4, H . 9 2 3. I brah im Husai n Lod i impri son s

his brothers i n Han s i for t for the res t of thei r l ives . Jalal Khan,

deserted by his supporters, flees to Gwal iar and i s sen t a pr i soner

to the k i ng, who orders his death .

H . 9 24. Muzaffar Shah I I . marches i n to Malwa to overawe

the m in i ster Medin i Rai who qui t s Dhar . O n Feb . 2 : Safar 2,

Manda is taken and Malwa res tored to Mahmad Khalj i .

H . 9 2 4. Man S ingh , Raja of Gwaliar, di es, and i s succeeded

by his son , V ikramajit.

Shah Beg Arght’

m prepares for the conques t of S i ndh .

H . 9 24. Hindal M i rza, son of Babur and brother of Humayanborn .

Sept . 8. Diogo Lopes de Sequeyra arr i ves at G oa as governor .

Soarez makes an exped i t i on to Cey lon,w i th sold iers and

artizans. Sep t. 1 8 : He arr i ves at Po in t de Gal l e, obtai n s tr i bu teand a s i te for a fortress , wh ich when completed is pu t i n charge o f

Joao de Sylveyra.

The Portuguese fac tory at Malacca bes i eged by the K ing of

B in tang for twen ty days . The Portuguese at tack and take For t

Muar .

Albuquerque i s recal l ed , and the Portuguese power i n theEas t from th 1 s t im e begi n s to decl i ne .

1 6 TH E CHRONOLOGY. OF I N D IA

Dec . 1 8 : Z i - l hijja 4, H . 9 24. Mahm ti d Shah I l . Bahman iof Kulbarga d ies . His son

,Ahmad I l . , succeeds as a mere

pen s ioner of Am i r Barid , and re ign s two or th ree years .

Jan -March : Safar,H . 9 2 5. Babar takes posses si on of the

coun t r ies on the further s ide o f the I ndus . Overrunn ing the

Panj ab , he chas t i ses the G akkhars and retu rn s to Kabul .

H . 9 2 5. Ambassadors from Pers ia arr i ve at the B ijapti rcour t .

I sma‘i l ‘Ad i l Shah defeated before R aichar by the Vijaya

nagar troops .Kuru Kuru Timmappa, Nayyaka of Madura ; t i l l 1 52 4.

‘Ala-ud-din Husai n of Bengal d ies, his son Nas i r-ud-din NasratShah succeeds ; t i l l 1 53 2 .

Andrea Correa concludes a t reaty w i th the King of Pegu,

and reduces the Ki ngs of B in tangand Pacem .

Sep t . Tangasser i for t at Kol lam is secretl y completed and

for t ified .

H . 9 2 5. Mahmfid Khalj i of Malwa defeat s and s lays Bh im

Karan,Governor of Gagrt

‘

in. Sangram S i ngh of Mewar at tack s

Mahmad and takes him pr i soner, bu t afterwards release s h im .

H . 9 2 6 . Babur marches a th i rd t ime on H indus tan,at tack i ng

the Afghans on the route . S ialkot submi t s, Sayyidpur i s taken ,bu t hear i ng of an i nvas i on from Qandahar on Kabul , Babarre tu rn s and lays s iege to Qandahar .

Rana Sangram defeat s Mubariz -ul -Mulk i n I dar , takes A hmad

nagar, and retu rn s to Ch i tor .

War breaks ou t between Kri sh na D eva Raya, of V i jayanagar ,and I sma‘i l ‘AdI l Khan , who was defeated at R aichi ir

,and that

for t and o thers are captured by the H indus . (Castanheda placesth i s de feat 1 52 0 , Ferishta i n H . 9 2 7, correspond ing ch iefly to

1 52 1 , Nun iz says May

Ruy de Mel lo,Governor of G oa, on the defeat of

‘Ad i l Khanof Bijapar, annexes par t o f the mai n land opposi te Goa.

For t Thomas at Tangas seri is besi eged by the Muhammadans .

H . 9 2 6 . M i ran Muhammad Shah I . succeeds ‘Ad i l Khan I I I .

of Kandesh ; t i l l 1 535.

Sept . H . 9 2 6 . Muzaffar Shah I I . of Gujara t advances agai n s t

Sangram S i ngh , Rana of Ch i tor ; encamps at Harsi l, Dec . , he

I BRAH IM I I . LODI I 7

appoin ts Mal i k A yaz to the command . He then proceeds wi thKiwam-ul-Mulk and defeats t he Rana at D hamolah afterwards

Mal i k A yaz and Kiwam -ul-Mulk lay s iege to Mandasor .

H . 9 2 7. Shah Beg Arghan overrun s S i ndh and takes

possess i on o f That ta, where he defeats and slays Darya Khan ,the adopted son of Jam Nanda . Jam Fi raz flees

,but afterward s

subm i ts,i s pardoned and given the government of hal f of S i ndh .

Shah Beg next takes S i stan and then proceeds to Bhakkar .

H . 9 2 7. On the death of Khan M irza,Babur bes tows

Badakshan on HumayL'

In.

Feb . 2 1 . The Portuguese governor Sequeyra sai l s to at tackD ia

,but fai l s to s torm i t .

March . De Bri to bes ieged for five mon ths i n the Por tuguese

fortress at Colombo a rel iev i ng force helps to rou t the bes iegers .

Peace is arranged .

H . 9 2 7. A hmad Shah I I I . Bahman i d ies,and Am i r Bar id

rai ses h i s brother,

‘Ala-ud—din Shah, to the th rone .

Mal ik A yaz, sen t to avenge the depredat ion s of the Ch i to rRana , quarre l s w i th the Gujarat nobles . On a th reatened at tack

,

a subm iss i ve message from Sangram Rana i s sen t to Muzaffar.

Nasi r-ud-di n Nasrat Shah of B engal b reaks the t reaty of Bar

and i n vades Tirbat,k i l l s th e R aja and appoin ts h i s son-in- law

,‘Ala‘ud-din, governor. Haj ipu r and Mongir were al so subdued .

Krishna Deva of V ijayanagar constructs the great dam and

channel at Korragal , al so the Basavanna channel .

An exped i t i on to Sumatra undertaken by Jorge de A lbuquerque,who storm s Pach im ,

restores a fr iend ly R aja, and erects a

fort . An at tack on B in tang i s repu l sed , the Por tuguese los i ngheavfly.

Dec . 2 2 . Dom Duar te de Menezes takes office as Governor

at Goa, Sequeyra be ing recal l ed owing to complai n t s of the con

duc t of the Portuguese to t rad ing vessel s .

H . 9 2 7. Khondamir begi n s the Habz’

b-as-S zyar, a more com

prehens ive h i s tory than the R aazat-ur-Safa of h i s fath er, M irkhond.

Born at Harat about 1 475. He left i t becau se of the d i sturbeds tate of the count ry i n 1 52 7, and was patron i sed by Babur, and

d ied i n 1 535 he was a prol ific wr i ter.

1 8 THE CHRON OLOGY OF I ND IA

July 1 8 : Sha‘ban 2 3,H . 9 2 8 . Shah Beg Arght’

in leavesPayandah

Muhammad Tu rkhan i n charge of Bhakkar, he d ies at Agham ,

on h i s way to i nvade Gujarat . H is eldest son,Husai n Shah

,

succeeds,and defeat s Jam Fi raz who had headed a rebel l i on i n

That ta .

Dabhol i s made tr ibu tary to the Por tuguese ; and Mal i k Ayaz

i s compel led to qu i t Chaul . Revol ts at O rmuz are occasi oned

by the i nsolence of th e Portuguese offic ial s .

The Portuguese abandon thei r fort at Pacem.

H . 9 2 9 .

‘Ala-ud-din Shah Bahmani deposed by Am i r Bari d ,and soon after murdered . His bro ther, Wal i Al lah Shah , rai sed

to the throne ; t i l l 1 52 5.

H . 9 2 9 . Muzaffar I I . of Gujarat prepare s to advance agai n st

Chitorgadh, but the Rana’s son hav i ng come wi th the st ipulated

e lephants and t r ibu te, the exped i t i on i s g i ven up .

Saluva Timma, Krishna Deva’s m in i s ter

,i nvades the G oa

mai n land,bu t i s checked at Phonda.

Apri l. The Portuguese confi rm I sma‘i l‘Ad i l Shah i n possess ion

of the G oa mai nland .

H . 9 30 . I sma‘i l ‘Ad i l Shah goes to war wi th h i s bro ther- inlaw

,Burhan N izam Shah of A hmadnagar, who appeal s t o B idar

and Gawilgarh for help .

Portuguese exped it i on s to Malacca,Pahang

,Java

,and Banda

are at tended wi th los s . They establ i sh a s trong fort at Cranganor,wh ich they enlarged i n 1 565.

H . 930 . Muzaffar I I . of Gujarat rebu i ld s and fortifies Morasa.

Jan. Heytor da Sylveira becomes master of Aden , which i s

made an open port for Portuguese ves sel s . The k i ng mal treat s

a crew and sei zes the cargo .

H . 93 1 . The Ahmadnagar Con federacy i s defeated by theBijapar army .

H . 93 1 . Pr i nce Bahadur of Gujarat v i s i t s Dungarpu r, Ch i tor,and Dehl i , and takes up h i s res idence wi th I brah im Lod i . Aplot i s formed to rai se h im to the imperial th ron e

,I brah im be ing

now i n d isfavou r .

Bettada Chama Raja of Maisur'

dies. Hi s three son s d iv id e h i s

1 52 6

SU LTAN BABU R 1 9

possess i ons,the youngest Chama Raja th e Bald

,obtai n i ng For t

Puragarh, afterward s cal l ed Mahishasur (Mysore).

Kattyama Kamayya Nayyaka of Madura ; t i l l 1 52 6 .

H . 93 1 . Shah Husai n A rght’

i n,appoi n ted by Babur to the

a ffai rs o f Mul tan,i nvades Mul tan and captures Uchh. Mahmad

Langah marches agai n s t h im,but i s assas s i nated

,and his son

,

Husai n Langah I I . , succeeds. A peace i s arranged by ShaikhBaha-ud-din, but Shah Husai n afte r a si ege of fi fteen monthstakes Mul tan , i n H . 932 .

Sept . 2 5. Vasco da Gama, Conde de V idigueyra, arr i ves at

Cal i cu t as Viceroy,to supersede Menezes . He appoin ts abl e

officers and reorgan i ses th e adm in i st rat i on .

‘A lam Khan Lod i,a son of Sul tan Bahlal Lodi , who had

taken refuge i n Gujarat (H . return s to Deh l i and rai ses an

i n surrec t i on agai n s t h i s nephew , Sul tan Ibrah im , i s defeated and

flees to Babur at Kabul , who made use of h im i n prepari ng to

i nvade I nd ia.

Dec . 2 4 . Vasco da Gama d ies at Coch in . The Royal

Despatch i s found to appoi n t Dom Henrique de Menezes as

successor,wi th Lopo Vaz de Sampayo as i n ter im governor .

H . 932 . Wal i—Allah Shah i s poi son ed by the m i n i ster Am i rBarid , who places h i s nephew , Kal im -A l lah Shah , on the th rone

the last of the Bahmani s of Kulbarga ; he d ies next year .

Feb . The Zamori n at tacks the Portuguese factory at Cal icu t,

on wh ich Menezes attacks and s torm s Ponnan i , burn s the sh ips

at Cal i cu t, and destroys the nat i ve sett lem en ts and sh ippi ng at

D harmapattam and Mahe. From June 1 3 t i l l Oct. 3 1 the

Zamori n bes ieges the Cal icu t fort , wh ich i s abandoned .

Many of th e Malay k ings make peace wi th the Portuguese .

March 2 1 V .S . 1 58 1 . Deh l i S iwal ik pi l lar i n scr ipt i on of the

re ign of Ibrah im Lodi .

Nov. 1 7 : Safar 1 , H . 932 . Babu r enters on the conquest of

H industan by way of S i ndh . Dec . 2 9 , Rabi‘I . 1 4, he reaches

S ialkot .

SULTAN BABUR

Jan. : Rab i H . 932 . Babu r b l ockades and captures the

fort of Malwat (Mal ot). A pri l 1 9 , at Pan ipat h e total ly defeat s

2 0 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I NDIA

I brah im,who was s lai n , and founds the Mughal dynasty i n

H industan,otherw i se known as the G urgani Chagatai dynasty .

Feb . 2 1 . Dom Henr ique de Menezes,Governor at G oa,

d ies at Cannanor. Lope Vaz de Sampayo acts,pend ing the

arri val of the nex t nomi nee . G oa,Coch i n

,and Cannanor are

fort ified agai n s t an expec ted Turk i sh i nvas i on . A t Tidor, Dom

Garc ia Henriques,by d isarm i ng and fi r i ng the town to se t tl e

d i spu tes,bri ngs the Portuguese i n to d i srepu te . On Dec . 3 1 a

Span i sh sh ip arr i ves there,and th e Span iard s j o i n the nat ives

i n expel l ing the Portuguese .

March 1 5 : Jumada I I . 2,H . 932 . Muzaffar Shah I I . o f

Gujarat d ies . A pr i l 4 : His son , S ikandar Shah , succeeds , bu t i s

murdered by ‘Imad-ul-Mulk . May 2 6 , Sha‘ban 1 4, when h i s

youngest brother,Nasi r Khan

,ascends the throne as Mahmad I I .

He i n turn i s deposed,and succeeded on Aug . 2 2 , Z i ~l qa

‘da 1 4,

by h i s elder bro ther,Bahadur Shah . (Firishta gives d i fferen t

dates . )May 1 0 : Rajab 2 8. Babu r en te rs Agra and takes u p his

res idence i n the palace .

H . 932 . Multan i s taken,after a fi fteen months’ s iege, by

Husai n Arghan of That ta,ac t i ng for Babu r

, and becomes a de

pendency of Deh l i .

Chinnappa Nayyaka of Madura, t i l l 1 530 .

Jaytsinghji of Bikhanir succeeds h i s father Lankaranj i ; t i l l1 545

Jan. 6 Rabi‘I I . 3, H . 933. Humayt‘

in j o i n s Babu r at Agra,and proceeds agai n s t Rana Sangram of Ch i tor : th e mai n army

fol lowi ng,th e Rana i s defeated on March 1 6 : Jumada I I . 1 3.

An i n surrec t i on i n the Doab i s pu t down by Babur’s army :

Chandwar and Etawa are captured .

Jan. : Rabi‘I I . I shaq,son of Mal ik Ayaz, suspected of i n tri gue

wi th the Portuguese, i s expel led from D ia by Bahadu r Shah .

Feb . 2 8. Pedro Mascarenhas, Governor -elec t of Goa, retu rn ing

from Malacca, i s wounded at Coch i n and impr i soned at G oa,

LOpe Vaz refu s i ng tr ial . Arbi t rat i on i s resorted to,and on

Dec . 2 6 Lope Vaz de Sampayo i s acknowledged governor .

H . 933.

‘A la-ud-d in ,‘Imad Shah of Berar

,recovers Fort Pat ri

,

wh ich i s retaken by B urhan Nizam Shah and destroyed .

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2 2 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I NDIA

Brahman cal led Kunwar Sai n ; henceforward H indu s acqu ire

great i n fluence i n the Ni zam -Shah i government .

Darya Imad Shah succeeds his father,‘A la-ud-din

,i n Berar .

Nov . Nuno da Cunha arr i ves i n I nd ia as governor w i th ordersto send Lope Vaz de Sampayo i n cus tody to Europe . Nov . 1 8

Sampayo sai l s from Cannanor.

The Molucca I s land s t ransferred from Spai n to Por tugal for a

large sum .

HUMAYUN

Dec . 2 6 : Jumada I . 6 ,H . 937 . Babur d i es near Agra, and

Humayun,h i s son

,succeeds at the age of twen ty-two ; t i l l 1 539 .

H . 937. War breaking out between Gujarat and Malwa,Bahadu r captures Manda,

the cap i tal,wi th Mahm t

’

td Khalj i and

h i s seven son s,whom he pu t s to death (March 2 8) to preven t

the i r rescue,and annexes Malwa. The Portuguese meanwh i le

attack D i ti , bu t are repu l sed by the garr i son (Feb . Bahadu r

defeat s the Dekhan forces,and conc ludes peace .

A chyuta Raya succeeds Kri sh na Deva Raya at Vijayanagar .

Feb . 7 With a large armamen t Nuno da Cunha takes Syal or

Syalbet, 0 11 the coas t o f Kath iawar,by the sword . Feb . 1 6

,

h e at tacks D ia,bu t finds i t impregnabl e . He leaves A n ton i o

de Saldanha w i th si x ty sh i p s to pl under the Khambay ports, and

on the way sou th he destroy s Balsar, Tarapu r, Kelva-Mah im ,

and Agash i .

March . The Portuguese d r ive the nat ives from Mangalor

and Daman . The commander of Chaul,defeated by a Gujarat

force , is depr ived of office . The Por tuguese are dr i ven by th e

nat i ves from Ternate.

H . 9 37. Turk s arri ve i n Gujarat,under Mustafa a n i

,and

Bahadur ass igns them a dwel l i ng at D i ti . Several Lod i ch ie fs

find refuge at Bahadur’s court, wh ich offends the EmperorHumayti n. Oc t .

,Bahadu r conquers and garri son s the Bagar

coun try .

R atnasimha Rana succeeds h i s fathe r,Sangram of Udaypu r ;

tfl l 1 532 .

Ayyakarai Vayyappa, Nayyaka of Madura ; t i l l 1 535.

HUMAYU N 2 3

Tabang Shewti ascends the throne of Burma at the age ofs ix teen .

H . 938. I sma‘i l ‘Ad i l Shah defeats Burhan N izam Shah atthe Bijapar fron t i er . Th i s bat t le was cal led th e victory of the

son s of Raj pu t s and foreigners , and was the las t engagemen tfough t between Bijapti rand Ahmadnagar .

Oct . , the fort of R ivadanda at Chau l i s begun by perm iss ionof the governor.

H . 938. Bahadu r Shah of Gujarat marches i n to Malwa,obtai n s possess ion o f Manda, reduces Bh i l sa and restores theMusl im bel i e f.

May 1 0 : Ramazan 30 . Rai si n for t bes i eged ; S ilhadi Purb iyaagrees to become t r i butary and accept I slam

,bu t h is b rother

,

Lakshman Sen , holds ou t ; and the Raj pu ts pu t the women to the

j o/zar and devo te them selves to death i n bat t le .

H . 939 . Humayt’

tn’

s bro ther, Kamran Mi rza, i nvades Kashm i r,bu t i s repul sed wi th loss . Kashm i r i s i nvaded and devas tatedby the Tar tars .

Nasrat Shah of Bengal sends Mulk Murjan to make a t reatywi th Bahadur Shah .

Sher Khan , now mas ter of B ihar, obtai n s posses s ion of thefortresses of Chunar and Rohtas .

Ganga Rao of Marwar or Jodhpur d ies . His son,Maldev,

succeeds,and regai n s Ajm ir and Nagor w i th o ther conques t s ;

t i l l 1 584 .

R atnasimha of Mewar d ie s i n an encounter wi th the Pr ince

of Band i . Hi s brother,V ikramaditya, succeeds ; t i l l abou t 1 535.

The Portuguese under D a Cunha burn al l th e town s from

Basse i n t o Tarapu r,and l evy con t r i bu t ion s from Thana and

Bombay .

Nuno da Cunha takes Basse i n from a garr i son of men ,and razes the fort ificat i ons, and an attempt i s made to take

Daman .

Humayt'

tn’

s campaign s in Malwa and Gujarat .

Jan. : H . 939 . Nasrat Shah of Bengal m urdered , and Fi raz

Shah,h i s son, reign s . Ghiyas-ud—din Mahmti d Shah I I I . , a son

of‘Ala -ud-din,murders h i s nephew

,Fi raz

,and u surps the throne .

24 TH E CH RONOLOGY OF I ND IA

March 2 4 : Sha‘ban 2 7, H . 9 39 . Bahadur Shah rai ses th e

s iege of Ch i tor on paymen t o f tr ibu te . He withhold s h i sal leg iance to Humayun .

March 2 7 : Ramazan 1,H . 939 . A Kal na i n script i on records

the bu i ld ing of a Jam i ’Maspd i n th e t ime of‘Ala-ud-dunya-waddin

‘Abul Muzaffar FirL' I z Shah , the ki ng, son of Nasrat Shah, thek ing .

Apri l . O rders arr i ve at G oa that al l commanders of fortsshal l be sworn by the Governor-General .

Aug . : Muharram 940 . Humayt’

in repai red the old fort of

I ndrapras tha, and cal l ed i t D i npanah , mak ing i t h i s royal res idence .

H . 940 . Muhammad Zaman Mirza,and h i s son, Ulugh Mirza,

revo l t, and are defeated at Bhojpur .

Conspi rac i es occu r at Ternate , end ing i n the murder of

Gonzalo Perei ra : Tri s tao de A tai de succeeds as governor, bu t

no improvemen t i n Molucca resu l ts .

Farid Khan , an A fghan ch ief, separate s from Humayti n, and

begi ns an ant i-Mughal m ovemen t,as sum ing the t i tl e o f Sher

Khan.

Aug. 2 7 : Safar 1 6,H . 94 1 . I sma‘i l ‘Ad i l Shah of B ijapti r

d ies . His son,Mal la ‘Adi l Shah succeeds, bu t on accoun t of

h i s v ices is bl i nded and deposed after six month s .

Tabeng Shwéti, th e Burmese k i ng, at tacks the Peguans, takes

the capi tal,and on the death of Takarwutb i, 1 539 , becomes k ing .

H . 94 1 . The Portuguese obtai n perm i ss ion to erec t a fortat D 1 11 . They take Swal ly and Daman . A t reaty i s made wi th

Bahadu r Shah,al so w i th Humayan, who i s prom i sed an armamen t

agai n s t Sher Khan . The Zamor i n o f Cal i cu t,after being defeated

i n six bat t les , cease s host i l i t i es .

The H umayzm mima,the las t work of Khondam ir

,wri t ten .

March 2 5 : Ramazan 2 0,H . 94 1 . Bahadu r Shah , defeated

by the Emperor Humayt‘

in’

s army , flees to Manda. H is fol lowersare pl undered and di spersed . A ug, Humayt

'

in carr i e s the h i l lfor t of Champanir, bu t h i s officers left i n charge quarrel, and

occasi on the evacuat i on of Malwa and Gujara t b v the Mughal s .

H . 94 1 . Mal lfi ‘Ad i l Shah i s deposed and bl i nded for h i s v ices .I brahim ,

his younger brother,i s seated on the throne ; be pro

HUMAYU N 2 5

motes D ekhanis to the exclu s ion of fore igners . Di spu t ing the

success ion to the V i jayanagar th rone, he i s defeated by the H indus.

H . 942 . Muhammad of Kashm i r d i e s . Pri nce I brah im i sacknowledged k ing

,but i s expel led

,the two m in i sters , Mal i k

Achch i and‘Abdu l Makri , bei ng r i val s for power.Anarchy i n Mewar on the death of V ikramaditya, whose

bastard bro ther,Banb i r, u surps authori ty , t i l l 1 537 .

Vis'

vanatha A yar, Nayyaka of Madura,t i l l 1 544.

The for t o f Varivene on the I ndus retaken from the Mughal sby the Portuguese . Kalyan i s taken from B ijapar.

Nuno da Cunha br ings abou t a compac t between Bahadur

Shah and N izam -ul -Mulk ; and on Oct . 2 5 h im sel f concludes a

t reaty of peace and commerce wi th Bahadur.

H . 943. The imperial t roops i n B ihar defeat a Bengal army

at Bihar for t . The young k i ng, Jala l, flees to Gaur . Chunar

for t cap tured by Sher Khan,who makes h im se lf master of B ihar .

The Portuguese at tack and take Cranganor, and bu i ld a fort .

A c i tadel bu i l t at D ia i s cut off from the town by a wal l erec ted

by Bahadur .

Feb . Dom Joao Perei ra defeats Su laiman Agha at Rachol ,and i s bes ieged for ten days .

March . Nuno da Cunha bu i lds a for t at Bas se i n .

Ju ly . The Portuguese defeat the army of Asad Khan , the

B i japur m in i s ter, but are bes i eged and accep t the term s offered ,vi z . , the i r l i ves to be spared on the demol i t i on of the fortress .

H . 943. Bahadur Shah remon strates agai n st the encroach

men ts of the Por tuguese, and in the negot iat i on s at D 1 11

,at an

i n terv i ew on th e admi ral’s sh i p on Feb . 1 4 : Ramazan 3, as hewas leav ing, a scu ffle ar i ses among the Gujarat fol lowers and

Portuguese, i n wh ich bo th Bahadur Shah andManuel da Sousa aredrowned . Nuno da Cunha obtai n s cer t ificates from the ch ie f

men of D 111 approvi ng h i s ac t i on .

M i ran Muhammad Khan Faraqi of Kandesh i s cal led to th e

th rone of Gujarat, bu t d ie s suddenl y, Z i—l qa‘da 1 4 : A pri l 2 4.

The court iers rai se Bahadur’s nephew,Mahmad Shah , son of Lat i f

Khan,to the throne of Gujarat . ‘Imad-ul-Mulk and Darya Khan

26 THE CH RONOLOGY OF I N D IA

act as regen ts and advi sers . M i ran Muhammad’s bro ther,M i ran

Mubarak Khan I I .

,succeeds to the governmen t of Kandesh.

H . 944. The Afghans i n vade and capture Haj ipur,the

prom i sed help from the Portuguese no t arri vi ng,Mahmud Shah

of Bengal flees to th e Mughal camp at Chunar .

Uday S i ngh son of S i ngram S i ngh , ascends the throne ofMewar i n success i on to th e u surper Banb ir.

The Zamori n , ass i s ted by Pate Marakkar,a weal thy merchan t ,

makes sporad ic attack s on the Portuguese and al so 0 11 the King

of Ceylon .

Goa i s made an ep i scopal see by P0pe Paul I I I .,and pu t

under the Metropol i tan of Funchal . The fi rs t b ishop was Dom

Franc i sco de Mela. The Portuguese found a se t t lemen t at Hagl inear the old s i te o f Satgaon .

Nov . 2 8 : S . 1 459 . An in scr ipt i on on a temple o f Vi s‘vanatha

a Tenkasi sh ows th i s to be the th i rd year of Jati lavarman

Konérmaikondan Srival labha Pandya.

Jan. 8 Sha‘ban 1 5, H .

‘

944 . Humayt'

tn lay s s iege to Chunar

fortress and takes i t from Sher Khan,who dri ves Mahmad Shah

of Bengal from Gau r.

Feb . 1 5. Mar ti n A ffon so defeats a flee t u nde r Pate Marakkar

at Bandala, rescues Por tuguese pr isoners , and cap tures twen ty

three barques . He rai ses the s i ege of Colombo, where the k ing’s

brother, Madune Pandar,was i n revol t .

A pr i l 6 : Z i—l qa‘da 6 . Gau r for t i s now taken after a fou r

days’ s iege, by Khawas Khan , Sher Khan ob tai n i ng Roh tas for tfrom the Raja ; i t i s afterward s i nvested by Humayti n.

Rise of the Kach B ihar ki ngdom under B i sa .

H . 945. Mahmti d Shah of Bengal d i es at Khalgaon .

Humayt‘

m l eaves Jahangi r Qul i Begas Governor o f Bengal .

An attempt by the Portuguese to place a fortres s at

Chittagaon resu l t s i n the capture of fourteen of thei r company,on wh ich Nuno da Cunha burn s several towns .

Sept . A Turki sh exped i t i on arr ives to exterm i nate the Portu

guese i n I nd ia, and bom bards D 1 11 for twen ty days . The expec ted

arr i val of a new Viceroy and fleet causes the armada to re t i re on

Nov . 2 5 .

SHER SHAH AFGHAN 2 7

Jumada I . 1 , H . 945. A Pers ian i nscr i p t i on of Ti lbegampurcommemorates the erec t ion of a wal l and aqueduct i n the t ime ofHumayti n by Mahatadittu

, son of Badshaha the Khat ri , wi th thehelp and app roval of Shuja-ud-din Am i r Faqi r‘A l i Beg Bahadur .Sep t . 2 4. Dom Garcia de Noronha reaches G oa as Viceroy .

Oct . Guru Nanak (born founder of the S ikh rel igi on ,dies at Kartarpur i n the Jalandhar Doab

,and Angad or Lakana,

his d i sciple, succeeds as second Guru .

Jan. Nuno da Cunha l eave s I nd ia, and d ies on the way to

Europe .

The new Viceroy,Dom Garc ia de Noronha

,v i s i t s D 1 11

,and

on Feb . 2 6 concludes a t reaty w i th Khwaja Zafar, grant i ng

Mahm t‘

rd Shah two- th i rds o f the revenue . The peace of D ia

causes host i l i t i es el sewhere to cease .

June 2 6 Safar 9 , H . 946 . Humayt'

in,re treat i ng for Agra

from Mongir, i s i n tercepted and defeated by Sher Shah at ChaparGhat near Baksar. Kamran andHindal reconci led w i th Humayan

i n face of the common enemy .

H . 946 . Sher Khan proclai m s h im sel f K i ng of Bengal andassumes the name of Farid -ud-din‘Abul Muzaffar Sher Shah .

Jahangi r Qul i Khan defeated by Jalal Khan and Haj i Khan ,and soon afterwards k i l led .

Pegu fal l s before Tabeng Shweti , and th e Talai ng k i ng i s

d riven ou t .

Jan. A treaty i s concluded by the Por tuguese wi th the

Zamori n for th ir ty year s . Trade fac i l i t i es and support i n t ime '

of warare prov ided . Treat i e s are al so concluded wi th the K ings

of B ijaparand Ahmadnagar .

Apr i l 3. The Viceroy,Dom Garc ia de Noronha, d ies . Dom

Estevao da Gama succeeds . Burhan -ul-Mulk at tempts to recover

Basse in , bu t i s defeated by Ruy Loren zo de Tavora at Baylam . D a

Gama t reat s w i th Mahm fid I I I .,who had bes ieged Bassei n bu t

fai led to take i t,and D a Gama obtai n s hal f the cu stom s rece ipts

i n stead of one- th i rd as formerly .

SHER SHAH A FGHAN

A'pr i l : Z i -l qa‘da, H . 9 46 . Humayti n agai n i nvades Bengal ,

THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA

and on the desert i on o f S ul tan M irza determines to g ive batt le toSher Shah . He i s defeated at Kanauj , May 1 7 : Muharram 1 0 ,

H . 947, and ret i res on Labor. Oc t . , he fai l s to assert h i s author i tyin S i ndh , and escapes to Pers ia as an ex i l e .

H . 947. Sher Shah ascend s the throne of Dehl i ,, and se i zesal l Humayan

’

s possess ion s . He subd iv ides Bengal i n to provi nces .

I brah im of Kashm i r d ies . H is e ldes t son, after a reign o f

three months, i s expel led by Humayti n’

s general,Haidar M irza

D oghlat, who captures Sri nagar i n November .

Martaban sacked by the B urmese u nder Tabeng. (The

record of P in to gi ves 1 543Burhan Ni zam of Ahmadnagar takes from Gujarat the fort s of

Kanala and Sangaza or Sankshi .

Jan. A Portuguese exped it i on leaves Goa for Suez, and on theway several c i t i es are sacked , and sh ips captured .

Ju ly . The fleet arr ives at G oa. Thi s year a Portuguese

gal leon wi th cargo i s captured by the French off the Azores .

Oct . H . 94 1 . Hindal M i rza qu i ts Humayt‘

m’

s cau se, raid s

and takes Qandahar. Kamran bes ieges i t for six mon ths .

H . 94 1 . Khizr Khan,Governor of Bengal , deposed by Sher

Shah at Gaur. Bengal d ivided i n to d is tr i ct s,each u nder an

Am i r, under the am i n Qazi Faz i lat.

Tabeng Shweti defeat s a Shan army and lay s s iege to Prome,which he captures i n June fol lowi ng.

The Laban-t Tazrrarz‘

aaof Yahya b i n ‘Abd-ul Lati f wri tten .

Jan. An exped i t i on sen t from Goa to the Red Sea : meet inga host i le recep t i on at Suak i n

,i t retu rns to G oa i n May.

Jan. 2 5. Sher Shah at Dehl i devotes h imsel f to the es tabl i sh

men t o f un i ty i n h i s dom i n ion s,d iv id ing them i n to 1 fi scal

un i on s, each govern ed by fi ve offic ial s .

May 6 . Franc i s Xavier lands at Goa as the fi rs t J esu i tm i ss i onary .

June . Prome captu red by Tabeng Shweti ; the royal fami lyis massacred and a Burmese officer l eft i n charge .

Oct . 1 5 Rajab 5, H . 949 . A kbar born at Amarkot, i n S indh ,where h i s father

, Humayti n, had taken refuge wi th Rana Prasad .

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30 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I NDIA

ISLAM SHAH

May 2 4 : Rabi‘I I . 1 2 . Sher Khan k i l led by an explos ion atKal i njar . Sal im or Jalal Khan supplan ts h i s brother i n thesuccess ion

,and assum es the t i t l e of I slam Shah .

H . 952 . Muhammad Khan S ti r appoi nted Governor of

Bengal and Nor th B ihar under Sal im Shah S ti r, bu t as sumes

royal ty as Bahadur Afghan .

Mahmud Shah I I I . of Gujarat en forces the Muhammadan lawso s tr ict ly that persecu t i on of the H indu s ar i ses .

Pri nce‘Abdul lah ‘Ad i l Khan,d iscovered i n a plot to d i splace

h i s brother,I brah im

,at BijapL

‘

Ir,flees t o G oa. The Portugue s e

take up h i s cause,bu t abandon i t and return h i m to I brah im i n

exchange for Sal set te and Bardes .

Sept . 1 . Dom Joao de Cas tro,wi th a fl eet of s i x sai l

,arr i ves

at Goa to succeed Mart i n Affon so de Sousa.

Fr iar Vi ncen t of the Franc i scan O rder commences a m iss ion

at Cranganor among the Syrian Chr i s t ians . Fai l i ng i n th i s,he

i s ass i s ted by the Viceroy and B i shop of G oa i n erec t i nga col lege,but the nat ive Church refuses to recogn i se the orders of the

s tudents ordai ned there .

Nov . 4. By a t reaty wit h the Span iard s, Tidor i s regai ned forthe Port uguese

,the Span iards rece iv i ng Ternate .

Nov . 2 0 : Ramazan 1 7.

‘Imad -ul -Mulk Mal ik J ia, on a

pi lgr image to Makka, i s c ruel ly assass i nated at Surat by Khudawand Khan R L

‘

Imi .

Feb . 2 6 . I brah im ‘Ad i l Khan concludes a t reaty wi th thePor tuguese

,provid i ng for the custody of‘Abdul lah and exempt i on

from du ty on horses and sp i ces .

H . 952 . Obst i nate rebel l i on shown to Sal im Shah Sti r by

Khawas Khan,a par t i san of h i s bro ther ‘Ad i l . The rebel l i on

crushed,

‘Ad i l flees from Agra to B ihar .J une 24. Khwaja Zafar, defeated i n a plot to se i ze D 1 11 , i s

k i l led . H is son,Ram i Khan

,con t i nues the at tack t i l l Nov . 1 0

,

when h i s army i s rou ted i n th ree act ion s .

Renewed i ncurs ion s made by the Portuguese on the coas t

towns of Gujarat, towns and sh ips bei ngburnt .

I SLAM SHAH 3 1

Apr i l 1 1 . The Portuguese governor, havi ng set tled D 1 11 ,

re turn s to Goa, and fi nd ing Sal set te and Bardes s t i l l occupied by

th e Bijapar t1 0 0 ps, proceeds to ej ec t them . Treat i es are now

concluded wi th the Kings of Vijayanagar (Sep t . 1 9 ) and Ahmadnagar (Oct . cons t i tut i ng a t r ip le l eague agai n s t Bijapar.

Apri l 2 7. Kamran fi nal ly qu i t s Kabul . He i s j o i ned at

Bam iyan by some adheren t s,rai ses an army and takes Gor i .

H . 953. Shuja’at Khan , Governor of Malwa, revo l ts, and i sdefeated by Sal im Shah .

Many convert s to Roman i sm made i n Ceyl on by Anton io delPadrou, fi rs t Commi ssary of S t Franc i sco i n I nd ia.

Gabr ie l de Atai de,a Portuguese pr i es t

,diggi ng the foundat ions

for a church at the l i tt l e Moun t,Mai lapur, professed to fi nd a

cross s tai ned wi th the b lood of St Thomas . The place wasoccup ied by the O rder o f the Pelerino abou t 1 55 1 .

The Portuguese defeat the K ing of Ach i n, Sumat ra, i n a naval

bat tl e .

Aug . 1 7. Kamran i s defeated i n Badakhshan and i nduced to

surrender . Humayun i s reconc i led to h i s brothers . Kamran

consen ts to re t i re to Makka, but re turns to h i s nobles . Oc t . 5,Humayan re turns to Kabul .

The Burmese are ch ecked i n an at tack on the S iamese capital,Yuthia (Ayodhya) . King Tabeng Shweti i s assass i nated . Bureng

Naung Branginoco i n th e Portuguese narrat i ves—succeeds .

_May 2 2 . A large fleet arr i ves at G oa, wi th exten sion of

office for Dom Joao de Cas tro, who, however, d ies on June 6 ,and Garcia da Sa, th i rd on the Successi on Paten t, succeeds .

Aug . 6 . Eleven sh ips br i ng the fi rs t Dom in ican Friars t oI ndia ; a conven t founded at Goa.

Aug . 2 2 . I brah im ‘Adi l Khan, after his coas t towns were

agai n dest royed by the Portuguese, i s constrai ned to make a

contract w i th them ,prom i s ing help shou ld a Turk i sh fleet be

sen t to I nd ia.

Sept . 1 7. The Queen of Bhatkal agrees to pay t r i bu te, andno t to harbou r p i rates .

Mahmad Shah of Gujarat concludes a peace wi th the Por tu

guese much i n the i r favour .

32 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA

A . D .

1 548 H . 955. Shaikh ‘Alai , founder of the Mahd i sect , after

rai s i ng great d is tu rbances,dies under scourg ing at Agra.

H . 956 . Humayun i nvades Balkh,but i s compel led to

re t reat,h i s retu rn to Kabu l bei ng haras sed by th e Usbaks.

Jan. Muharram . Asad Khan,mi n i s ter of Bijapt

‘

Ir,d ies .

Ju ly . Garc ia da Sa d ies . A ug. 1 1 , Jorge Cabral succeed s as s i x

teenth governor at G oa. The Zamor i n and the ch ie f of the pepper

d i str ic t defeat the Portuguese and the Coch i n Raja at Bardela.

H . 957. Humayt'

rn l oses Kabul , bu t recovers i t from Kamran

and restores order .

Jamsh i d Qutb Shah of G olkonda d ies . His son , Ibrah im ,

succeeds .

Mirza Haidar D oghlat, ruler of Kashm i r, k i l led by con sp i rators .

Nov . The Zamori n , wi th eighteen pr i nces , i nvades Coch i n .

The Viceroy forb ids an attack,and al lows the army to ret reat .

Nov . Dom Affon so da Noronha arr ives at G oa as Viceroy ;w i th h im the Viceroy’s powers are curtai led , and a counc i l con

s t i tu ted to adv i se and ass i s t i n the adm in i st rat ion .

I n Ceylon the Portuguese lose 80 0 men in defend i ng the

K ings of Kotta and Kandy . The Viceroy v i s i t s Ceyl on,

ostens ib ly to rel i eve the fr iend ly King of S itawakka, bu t real ly

to capture h i s treasu re .

Jan. 1 4 : Muh . 6 , 958. Shai kh Abul-Fazl , the h i storian , born .

H . 958. Kashm i r i s d ivided i n to th ree pr i nc ipal i t i es, Nazak

be ing pagean t k ing over al l .

Khawas Khan , a part i san of‘Ad i l Shah , the brother of Salim

Shah,i s m u rdered by Taj Khan Kararani , Governor of Sambhal ,

i n order to i ngrat iate h imsel f w i th Sal im Shah .

War agai n breaks ou t between B ijapar and Ahmadnagar.Burhan Shah w i th Rama Raja puts to fl igh t the B ijapur army .

Rai chur and Madkal are taken from Ibrahim‘Ad i l Shah .

Chamba terr i tory ravaged by the Portuguese i n revenge for

the deten t ion o f the homeward bound flee t . Maskat los t to

the Portuguese,al so O rmuz town .

Nov . 1 9 : Z i-l qa‘da 2 1 . Hindal M irza k i l l ed i n a n igh t attack

MU HAMMAD SHAH ‘AD IL 33

A . D .

1 55 1 upon Humayun by Kamran, near the Khai bar pass . H indal’

s

daugh ter, Raqia Su l tana, i s g iven i n marr iage to A kbar, to whomwas also given command of h i s un cl e’s t roops .

H . 959 . Nazak Shah of Kashmi r deposed a secon d t ime ; h i s

son Ibrah im i s rai sed to the throne, under the con tro l of

Dau lat Chak, but Ghazi Khan j oi n ed by o ther nob les rai se s

c iv i l war.

March 4 . A ngad , t he second S ikh Guru d ies, havi ng nom inated

as h i s successor h i s d i sc i ple and servan t, Guru Amardas. Hel i ved at Govindval and bu i l t a wel l there, dying i n 1 574.

Timma Raja Wodeyar I I . Appanna succeeds to the th rone

of Ser ingapatam and prov i nce o f Mai su r.

Aug . 1 5. Gi l Fernandez de Carval ho,wi th an exped i t ion

fi t ted ou t at hi s own cos t, dr ives off the Turk i sh flee t from O rmuz.

Lu iz de Camoens, th e poet, arr ives at G oa and becomes a

sold ier.

Dec . 2 . Franci s Xav ier, Jesu i t m iss i onary to I nd ia, dies

near Macao . Canon i sed at Goa 1 6 2 2 .

The Portuguese burn the ch i ef towns of the “ Pepper Country,

whereupon the ch ief sues for peace . The nat ives at D ia are

ordered to leave and the cast le i s demol i sh ed . Diogo de Norouba

i s beaten back wi th loss .

Aug. 2 6 . Fernando de Noronha captures s i x Turk i sh vessel s .

Seven are later dri ven i nto Surat .

Sept . : Ramazan , H . 9 60 . Kamran surrendered by Adam

Gakkhar to Humayun and b l i nded , on accoun t o f h i s repeated

d i s tu rbances . He ob tai ned perm iss ion to go to Makka,where

he l ived for th ree years, dyi ng Oc t . 1 557.

MUHAMMAD SHAH ‘ADIL.

H . 96 1 . I slam Shah Sar d ies at Gwaliar. Hi s son F i raz i s

murdered by h i s cous i n,Mubariz Khan son of N izam Khan S ti r

,

who succeeds under the t i t le of ‘A bu l Muzaffar Muhammad Shah‘Ad i l

,but proves a weak ruler.

Muhammad Khan S ti r Gauriah, Governor of Bengal , th rows

34 THE CHRONOLOGY or I N DIA

off h i s al l eg iance to Muhammad Shah . (The date i s al so g i venas Nov . 2 1

,1 554 : Z i -l hijja 2 6

,H .

Burhan Nizam Shah of Ahmadnagar d ies . Hi s son Husai n ,wi th the help of fore igners and A byss in ian s succeeds

,dr iv i ng ou t

the r ival c laiman t ‘Abdul—Qad i r .Feb . 1 6 : Rabi‘I . 1 3, H . 96 1 . Mahmad Shah I I I . ,

of Gujarat,

poison ed by Burhan, a men ial , who, after pu t t i ng the ch ief nobles

to death , attemp ts to ascend the throne . He i s cu t down by‘Imad-ul -Mulk , and Ahmad Khan , a supposed descendan t of

A hmad Shah I . , i s made k ing .

Feb . A fur ther fru i t les s Portuguese exped i t ion to the Red

Sea under Manuel de Vasconcel los .

A great earthquake i n Kashmi r des troys the town of Jadrawi th most of i ts i nhab i tan ts, and changes the cou rse of the Jailam

or Vyath at D ampor.

H . 96 2 . Sultan Haidar of Kashm i r i nv i tes Humayun to

become k ing . The army refuses and Humayun return s to Kabu l .Dec . Safar 96 2 , he begin s h i s march to recover H industan .

Rebel l ion s of the nobles under Muhammad Shah‘Ad i l, whod iv ide the empire of H industan , and he flees to Chunar.

Sept . 2 3. D om Pedro de Mascarenhas arr ives at Goa as

Viceroy.

I BRAH I M KHAN SUR AND SIKANDAR SHAH I I I .

March 2 9 : J umada I . 6, H . 96 2 . Muhammad Shah ‘Adi l o fDehl i i s defeated by h i s cous i n and bro ther- in-law,

I brahim Khan

S ti r, who assumes royal ty at Deh l i . May : Jumada I I . Ibrahim

Khan S ti r i s defeated by Ahmad Khan, another cousi n of

Muhammad Shah ‘Adi l, who assumes the t i t le of S ikandarShah

,and obtai n s possess io n of both Dehl i and Agra.

J une 2 2 . On the arr i val of Humayan’

s army,under Bai ram

Khan , S ikandar Shah i s defeated at Sarhind.

HUMAYUN RESTORED .

1 555 Ju ne 2 3 : Sha‘ban 3, H . 96 2 . Humayun en ters Dehl i .

H . 96 2 . Shah Husai n Arghan of S i ndh,who had succeeded

h i s father Shah Beg Arghun,i n 1 52 4, d ies ch i ld less, and with

him ended the A rghan dynasty . Mahmud, Governor of Bhakkar,

AKBAR 35

and Mirza‘I saTarkhan , Governor of Thatta, both set up as Kings

of S i ndh,and are frequen t ly at str i fe. Shah ‘I sa Tarkhan d ied

i n 1 567.

Ghazi Khan and h i s party, hav ing overcome i n the con tes twi th Daulat Chak, depose Ibrah im Khan of Kashm i r

,bl i nd

h im,and rai se h i s brother I sma‘i l t o th e throne. Dau lat Chak

i s se i zed and h i s eyes pu t ou t by Ghaz i Khan .

Baz Bahadur, governor of Malwa, i s crowned Sul tan , and the

s tate becomes i ndependen t .

H . 96 2 . Muhammad Shah of Bengal i s k i l led i n an act ion

w i th Muhammad‘Shah ‘Adi l of Deh l i , with the he lp o f h i s gen eral,H ima at Chhapparghatta, near Kalpi . The Bengal army reti reto Jhus i

,and rai se Kh i zr Khan to h i s father’s th rone w i th the

t i tl e of Bahadur Shah . Nara Narayan becomes Raja of Kuch

B ihar .

June 1 6 . Dom Pedro de Mascarenhas d ies at Goa, and i s

s ucceeded by Franci sco Baretto as n i neteen th V i c eroy .

The Queen of O lala (Ullala), 2 m i les sou th from Mangalor

refuses tr ibute to the Portuguese ; t hey ravage her terri tory and

exact t r ibu te by force .

I n surrect ion s break ou t i n Ceylon , many of Xav ier’s convert sbe ing put to death . The Portuguese at tack and take Palandu.

Pr i nce ‘Abdu l lah (“ Meale wi th the Viceroy’s aid,clai ms the t i tle of Ki ng of B i j apur . He prom i ses the Konkan

to the Portuguese w i th one m i l l ion reven ue,but i s defeated by

I brah im ‘Ad i l Shah and i mp r i soned .

June I S . 1 477. An i n scr ip t ion at Gangaikondan g ives th i s

as the twen ty-fourth year of K ing Maravarman Sundara Pandya

I I I .

AKBAR .

Jan. 2 8 : Rabi‘I . 1 5, H . 963. Humayan die s, the resu l t of afal l on the palace s tai r s . Feb . 1 4 : Rabi‘I I . 2 , A kbar, at the ageof fourteen , succeeds Bai ram Khan exerc i s i ng the regency .

Sulaiman Bakh sh , Akbar’

s cou s in,occupies Kabu l, but i s forced

back to Badakhshan Hakim Mirza , A kbar’s hal f brother

,made

nom inal ru ler of Kabul, under the guard ianship of Mun‘im Khan

,

w i th h i s mother Mah Chuchak Begam .

THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA

May : Rajab . Shaikh Muhammad Ghaus,of Gwal iar, ret i res

from the Deh l i court .

July : Ramazan . S ikandar S ti r, after six months’ s iege i n

Mankot,sends h i s son ‘Abdul Rahman to A kbar w i th terms of

cap i tulat ion .

Feb . 1 4 : Rabi‘I I . 2,H . 963 Akbar i n troduces the Fasl i or

harves t ” year—a solar year for revenue and other c ivi l purposes,

i n s tead of the u sual Muhammadan lunar year,but dat i ng from

the H ij r i year 9 63. The Fasl i year 963 began w i th the lunar

mon th As’

win,Sept . 1 0

,1 555, and corresponds to the H indu

lun i -solar Samvat, from wh ich,i f 649 be sub tracted , the Fasli

year i s found . I n O r i ssa th e era termed Vz'

layaz‘z'

ran com

menees from the I st of the solar mon th As’

win,Sep t . 8

,

1 555 ; hence i t corresponds w i th the H indu solar years of

the Saka reckon i ng , but begi n n i ng wi th As’win. The B eflga/z'

sazz 963 began wi th 1 51 Vais’

akh, Saka 1 479 , or March 2 7,

1 556 , and fol lows the Saka reckon ing, wi th a di fference o f

4 1 7 years .

The Zamori n of Cal i cu t appeal s to B ijapar and A hmadnagar

for help agai n s t the Por tuguese .

Miguel Rodrigue Cout i nho carr i es on war wi th B i j apur,and

destroys many seaports . A n aux i l iary force i s sen t to S indh,

bu t arr ivi ng at Thatta after peace was concluded,demand s ex

penses . Th i s bei ng refused , Bare tto plunders the ci ty for e igh tdays

,return ing to Chau l w i th the r ichest spoi l s ever captured i n

Asia. Dabhol i s nex t reduced and plundered . The b i l l fort o f

A sheri and th e s tat i on o f Manor on the Vaitarna r iver captured

by the Portuguese .

Nov . 5 : Muharram 2,H . 9 64. Akbar, wi th Bai ram Khan ,

defeats H im t‘

I,th e general of Muhammad Shah ‘Adi l

,at Pan ipat,

who i s taken pr i soner and beheaded .

H . 9 64. Habi b succeeds I sma‘i l on the throne of Kashm i r.

H . 9 64. Sul tan Muhammad Shah ‘Ad i l, hav i ng been betrayedby h i s bro ther-in- law,

Ibrahim Khan S ti r,had fled to Chunar, and

i s defeated and slai n i n bat t le at Surajgarh , near Mongir, by

Bahadur Shah of Bengal and Sulaiman Qirani of O r i ssa. He

had ru led at Deh l i for e leven mon th s . ‘Adil’s son as sumes thet i t le of Sher Shah at Chunar .

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THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA

Lu iz de Mel lo de S i lva agai n ravages the Malabar coas t, andputs the i nhabi tan t s of Mangalor to the sword . A pun i t iveexped i t i on l oses th ree sh ips and 40 0 men . A large federa

t i on of Malabar ch i efs i s defeated . Bahre i n i s land at tacked by

the Turks, bu t a rel iev ing force compels the s iege to berai sed .

The Portuguese become str i ngen t i n the enforcemen t of the i rpas s rules, confiscating al l sh ips and massacr i ng crews not p roducing the pass . The r ice trade fal l s i n to thei r hands .

Coch i n i s made a b i shopr ic,Dom Jorge Temudo, fi rs t

b i shop, i s afterwards translated to Goa as th i rd archbi shop.

Feb . 4. A treaty s igned wi th the i nhab i tan ts o f the Laccadivei slands, wh ich become tr i butary to Portugal .

By th i s year the Portuguese en t i rely dom inate th e coas t ofthe Konkan . Bul sar and Vypi n are al so secured .

March : Jumada H . 967. A kbar, t i red of the tyranny of

Bai ram Khan , assumes th e managemen t of S tate . Sep t . , revol tof Bai ram Khan

,who i s defeated and pardoned .

H . 968. Sher Khan I I .

, at tempt i ng to conquer Jaunpu r, i s

de feated by the imperial general,

‘A li Quli Khan , Khan Zaman ,who w i thholds the emperor’s share of the spoi l s

,and rebel s bu t

w i th h i s brother,Bahadu r Khan

,i s afterwards defeated and s lai n

,

July 7, 1 567. Adham Khan,who asp ired to i ndependence i n

Malwa,submi ts i n May.

H . 968. Bahadu r Shah of B engal d i es . Jalal Khan,h i s

brother, succeeds w i th the t i t le of Gh iyas-ud-di n ‘Abul MuzaffarJalal Shah

,t i l l H . 9 7 1 .

Goa made an archb i shopri c ; Dom Juan de Albaquerque, the

second b i shop, be ing made Metropol i tan and Primate of al l th e

I nd ies . The fi rs t I nqui s i tors al so arr ive to suppress the Jews.

The Viceroy lands at Jafnapatam to replace the r igh tfu l k i ng.

H is usu rping brother,however

,i s confi rmed i n h i s government ,

and the Viceroy barely escapes a treacherou s at tack .

Ch i ng iz Khan cedes Daman fort and the coas t to the

Vaitarna to the Por tuguese,who send h im a defend ing force

agai n s t A dham Khan,h i s bro ther-in-law, at Surat . Daman i s

strongly garr i soned by the Por tuguese .

AKBAR 39

Jan. 3 1 Jumada I . 1 4, H . 968. Bai ram Khan assass i nated

i n Gujarat on h i s way to Makka by Mubarak Khan Lohani , apr ivate enemy .

H . 968. Baz Bahadur, who had assumed i ndependence i n

Malwa i n 963, i s defeated at Sarangpur by A dham Khan . May

8 : Shaban 2 1,A kbar moves th i ther i n person

,and receives the

tr i bu te of the Malwa nob les .

Akbar annexes Mulakot and Nagor, and t ransfers them toano ther H i ndu fami ly .

A pr i l 2 1 : Sha‘ban 5. A hmad Shah I I . of Gujarat i s found

assass i nated . I‘timad Khan rai ses to the th rone a youth unde r

the ti t l e of Muzaffar Shah I I I .

Ch ingi z Khan i s defeated at Daman,and Qadam Khan , h i s

brother-in-law,repud iates the ces s io n o f Daman to the Portuguese .

He i s captured and beheaded . His successor makes peace, and

i s left i n possess i on of S urat .

Sept . Dom Franc i sco de Cout i nho Conde de Redondosucceeds Dom Constan t i n o de B raganza as Viceroy at G oa.

Baz Bahadu r col lects forces and i nvades Malwa bu t i s defeatedby P irMuhammad Khan , and flees to M i ran Shah of Kandesh .

P irMuhammad then sack s Burhanpu r and massacres the inhab i

tan ts,but i s defeated by Baz Bahadur who for a t i me recover s

h is k ingdom .

Feb . A large sh ip from Ach i n i s boarded by Portuguese

sai lor s : both sh ips take fi re and the Portuguese are saved by

ano ther vessel .

Aug. 1 3 : Ramazan 1 2,H . 969 . Akbar orders the death of

Adham Khan for the murder of hi s vazi r, Shams-ud—din Muham

mad A tgah.

H . 9 70 . Hab i b of Kashm i r i s deposed by Ghaz i Chak , and

c iv i l war fol lows .

Husai n N izam Shah and I brah im Qutb Shah march agai n s t

the al l ied forces of B ijaparand Vijayanagar, but l ose heav i ly .

Ahmadnagar agai n bes ieged by Ramraja, but floods preven ti t s capture . Peace i s concluded .

Sep t . Renewed assaul ts made on Daman under S id i Mer iam ,

who i s defeated .

40

A . D .

1 56 2

THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA

Dec . The Viceroy personal ly rat ifies the treaty w i th theZamori n of Cal icu t .

Vasco da Sa at Amboyna es tranges the goodwi l l o f the people .

They appeal for help to the ne ighbour i ng rulers, and sh ips are

sen t for the i r rel i e f.

H . 9 7 1 .

‘A bdul lah Khan revol ts i n Malwa defeated by A kbar

he flees to Gujarat . The ‘Uzbak nobles i n the imperial armyresen t h i s fate and r i se i n rebel l i on .

H . 9 7 1 . Ghaz i Chak of Kashm i r abdicates i n favou r of h i s

bro ther, Husai n Shah Chak, but repen t i ng, col lect s a force to

deth rone h im . Th is be ing d i spersed wi thout an ac t i on , the old

k ing i s compel led to retreat to Zai npur .

Jalal Shah of Bengal d ies . A son succeeds, but i s murderedby Gh iyas-ud-din, who usurps the governmen t . Su laiman Kararan i

,governor of Sou th B ihar

,ous ts the u surper w i th the help

of h i s brother Taj Khan,on whose death th e seat of governmen t

i s removed from Gau r to Tanda .

Vis’

vanatha Nayakka of Madu ra d ies . H is son,Per iya Krish

nappa, succeeds .

Bureng Naung, King of Pegu ( 1 55 1 attacks Yuthia,th e

S iamese cap i tal . Three Portuguese sh ips are taken and the

Yuthia k i ng su rrenders and i s carr i ed away a capt ive , wh i le

h i s e ldest son,i n March 1 564, i s made a t ributary k ing.

Revol ts at Amboyna andCeylon suppres sed by the Portuguese

general s Hen r ique da Sa and Diogo de Mel lo .

Caesar Freder ick, a Venet ian merchant, t rave ls m’

a Pers ia to

Kambay . He describes Kambay and Ahmadabad .

Jan. Jumada H . 9 7 1 . Attempted assass i nat io n of A kbar

at Deh l i by Koka Fulad , a slave of Sharaf-ud-din Husai n .

Feb . 1 2 . The K ing and Grandees of the Molucca I s lands

execu te a deed by which they cede to the Ki ng of Portugal and

h i s successors al l r igh ts and se ign iorage of the same .

Cannanor i s n ow host i le, and the t reaty broken . A protes t

meets w i th no reply, and the Malabar War begi ns .

Feb . 1 9 . Franc i sco de Cout i nho d ies . Joao de Mendoca,from Malacca

,i s i n ter im governor t i l l September, when Dom

An ton io de Noronha arr ives at Goa as twen ty-second Viceroy .

AKBAR 4 1

March : Sha‘ban H . 9 7 1 .

‘Abu l-Ma‘ali , who had taken refuge

w i th Mirza Muhammad Hakim at Kabul,from Nagor

, aspi res tothe sovere ign ty of Kabul

,murders the queen~regent Mah Chuchak

Begam , and acts as regen t . Mirza S ulaiman of Badakhshan,

Hak im ’s uncle,defeat s and ki l l s h im i n bat t l e, May 1 3 Shawwal 1

,

l eavi ng Ahmad ‘A li as vazi r at Kabul . Hakim d ism isses the

latter, and i s chased out o f Kabu l . He invades the Panjab .

The King of Zimme flees before Bureng Naung of Pegu,

who w i th I nd ians and Portuguese proceeds to Labong .

Zimme subm i ts .

Jan; 2 5 : Jumada I I . 2 0,H . 9 72 . The Muhammadan k ings

of the Dekhan un i te and qu i te overthrow the H indu monarchy of

Vijayanagar i n the bat t l e of Tal ikota. Rama Raja i s beheaded

before Husai n N izam Shah .

June 7 Z i -l qa‘da 7, H . 9 72 . Husai n N i zam Shah d ies, andMurtaza N izam Shah I . , a m i nor, succeeds under the gu idance

of h i s mother, Khunza Su l tana, for the fi rs t s i x year s o f h i s

reign .

A kbar removes the j z'

zya or pol l- tax on Hindus i n st i tu ted by

S ikandar Lodi .

Vi ra Chama Raja Wodeyar becomes i ndependen t i n the

prov ince o f Mysore.

H . 9 73. Khanuz Zaman,prime m in i ster of Kashm i r, at tacks

the palace ; h i s scheme for sovereign ty being frus trated, he is

subsequen t ly executed .

Raj u,the tyran t of Cey lon , attempts to starve ou t Kot ta and

Colombo . Jorge de Mel lo i nvades the raja’s terr i tory and d i s

covers a planned n igh t at tack . He defeat s the S i nghal ese,who

ret i re to S ittawakka.

H . 9 74. Mirza Muhammad Hakim , Akbar’s hal f-brother

,i s

i nc i ted to i nvade the Panj ab,and takes Lahor . I n Nov . J umada

I . ,Akbar l eaves Agra w i th a force

,whereon Hakim re turn s to

Kabu l . The M irzas—Ulugh Mirza and Shah Mi rza, nephews

of Muhammad Sul tan Mi rza,a k in sman of Babar—revol t i n

Sambhal,and are j o ined by the i r uncle s I brahim Husai n M irza

and Muhammad Husai n M i rza they are overpowered and con

fined at Sambhal , but escape i n 1 567.

42 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA

Husai n Shah Chak of Kashmi r b l i nd s h i s nephew and r ival ,Ahmad Khan . The ex-k ing, Ghaz i Khan , d ies .

Dec . 1 9 : Jumada I I . 6, H . 9 74. Miran Mubarak Khan ofKandesh di es, and Miran Muhammad Khan Farti qi I I . succeeds .

Joao de Souza th reatened at Daman by Mughal horse ;on the arri val o f a rel ief force they abandon thei r camp and

treasu re .

After i ncessan t warfare and s laugh ter of Malabarese, th e K ing

of Cannanor sues for peace, wh ich i s gran ted by the Portuguese.

Jan. 4. The Portuguese Vi ceroy, Anton io de Noronha, lands

at Ul lala, whose queen i s forced , after an assau l t,to i ncrease her

t r ibu te and pay a sum of money . A for t San Sebas t ian there

i s comp leted i n March .

The Portuguese at Amboyna are re i n forced by Gonzal o

Pere ira wi th twelve sh ips . The inhab i tan ts put the fr iend ly

peoples of A t i re and Tav i ra to the sword .

Caesar Frederi ck v i s i t s the cour t of Vijayanagar .

J une 9 : Z i -l hijja I , H . 9 74 . The Khan Zaman ‘A li QuliKhan and h is bro ther, Bahadu r Khan, who had rebel led i n

Hak im Mirza’s i n terest, are defeated at Mankarwal by Akbar .

They are k i l led i n the batt le and the‘Uzbak revol t quel l ed i n

Ju ly : Muharram,H . 9 75.

O n Akbar’s march i ng to subdue Malwa, the M i rzas escape

from Sambhal and gain Malwa,bu t leave i t to A kbar’s general s

and escape to Bharoch i n Gujara t , where they seek the pro tect i on

of the governor . Chingi z Khan i s assass i nated : the M i rzas

i n vade Kandesh and Gujara t, each securmga d i s t r ic t .

H . 9 75.

‘I sa Tarkhan of That ta d ies . His son,Muhammad

Baqi,es tabl i sh es h imsel f and own s th e sovereignty o f A kbar ; t i l l

1 585 .

H . 9 75. Su lai man Kararani of Bengal and B ihar subdues

O r i s sa and assass i nates Su l tan Ibrahim . Mukand Deva,the las t

Ki ng of O r i s sa, i s defeated and k i l led .

‘A li ‘Ad i l Shah’s m i n i s ter, K ishwar Khan , i n vades Ahmad

nagar . At fi rs t succes sfu l,he i s defeated wi th loss at Dharu r.

Ti rumala Raja, bro ther of Rama Raja of Vijayanagar, ret i resto Penugonda

,h i s brother

,Venkatadri, es tabl i sh ing h imsel f at

Chandragi r i .

AKBAR 43

Aug. 2 2 : S . 1 489 . A Tami l i n scri p t i on at Tenkas i gives th i s

as the fi fth year of K ing Jati lavarman Srival labha A tivarama.

Feb . 4 : Sha‘ban 5, 9 75. The th i rd sack of Chitorgadh, the

h i l l fortres s and cap i tal o f Mewar. Defended agai n s t Akbar’s

great army by the pr in ces of the Rajpu t clans, headed by Pat taof Kailwaand Jaymal of Bednar, a prolonged and brave s truggle

was mai n tai n ed ; but the wal l s be ing breached , i t i s sai d about

e igh t thousand women of al l rank s,i nc lud i ng n in e queen s and

five pri ncesses, became a holocaus t i n j azz/zar, and th e garr i son

flung themselves upon the bes i egers,sword i n hand , and per i shed ,

wh i l s t thou sands of the i nhab i tants were massacred by the v i ctors,

and the bu i ld i ngs of the c i ty wrecked .

Taufal Khan , m in i ster i n Berar, usurps that throne from the

ch i ld k ing,Burhan ‘Imad Shah

,whom he subsequen t ly impr i son s

at Parnala.

H . 9 76 . Feuds ar i se i n Kashm i r between th e Han i fi and

Sh ia‘h sects .Bramahin

,t r ibu tary K ing of S iam , th rows off th e suzerai n ty

o f Burma.

Oct . A force from Burma sacks Yuthia, wh ich after fou r

mon th s’ si ege o ffers to surrender . Th i s i s refused,and th e c i ty

fal l s i n Aug . 1 569 .

Ti rumala,the th i rd of th e “ tyran t brothers

,murders Sadas

'

iva

and sei zes the t hrone of Vijayanagar.

Oct . Dom Lu i z de A taide, Conde de A tougu ia, arr i ves as

twen ty-fourth V iceroy at Goa.

The K ing of Ternate i s t reacherously m urdered by Mar t im

A ffonso P imen te l, act ing under the orders of h i s u nc le Mesqu i ta,th e commander . H is successor rouses the ne ighbour i ng pri nces

agai n s t th e Portuguese .

S . 1 50 8. A Sanskri t and Kanarese i n scr ipt i on at Karkalarecords the charter of a Jai na temple granted by King I mmadiBhai rava.

March 2 2 : Shawwal 3, H . 9 76 . A kbar takes the h i l l fort of

R antambhor from Raja Surjan Rai,who cap i tu lates and is

al lowed to march ou t u nmoles ted .

I n July, Safar H : 9 77. Kal i njar for t cap i tulates .

THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA

Aug . 30 : Rabi‘I . 1 7. B ir th of Pr i nce Su l tan Sal im Mirza.

Akbar sends an embassy to Kashm i r,bu t executes the

ambassadors on the i r return for i n s t igat i ng the murder of certai nholy men . He al so re fuses to marry the daughte r of Husai nShah Chak

,who soon after di es of gr ief.

‘A li Shah Chak succeeds to the throne of Kashm i r.Murtaza N izam Shah of A hmadnagar takes over the adm inis

tration of s tate from h i s mother, and marches to at tack theBijapt

‘

tr general he at tacks and takes Dharur.

The Portuguese at tack the Kol i s of the Konkan,and es tabl i sh

a stockaded fort at Sayvan , on the Vaitarna r iver .

Rustam Khan , bes ieged i n Bharoch by the Mughal s , i s re l i eved

by the Por tuguese,but refu ses to become tr ibu tary . Fort Pernel

captured and rased .

Lu i z Camoens the poet retu rns to L i sbon,h i s fr iend s at G oa

pay i ng h is debts .

Nov . The Viceroy, D om Lu iz de A tai de,l eaves G oa, re

duces Honawar, burn s the town and garr i son s the fort . Barcelor

i s nex t reduced,the Kings of Tolar and Cambol in are spared on

prom ise of i ncreased tr i bu te .

Baz Bahadur of Malwa i s overpowered by Akbar’s general s,and Malwa becomes a prov i nce of the emp ire . Baz Bahadur

afterward s j o ined Akbar,

and became an officer of

caval ry .

Jan. The Nizam sends Farhat Khan to bes iege Chau l wh ich

hold s ou t t i l l J u ly,when a t reaty i s agreed to .

From Bassei n an attack i s made by the Portuguese on Kalyan ,the subu rbs of wh ich are burn t .

J une 7 Muharram 3, H . 9 78 . Prince Murad , Ak bar’

s second

son, born at Si kr i . The Raja of Jodhpur sues for peace, h i s second

son act ing as em issary . Akbar,resen ti ng the sl igh t, refuses and

con fers J odhpur upon Rai S i ngh of B ikanir i n H . 980 .

A combinat i on of nat ive pr inces of B i japt‘

tr, A hmadnagar, and

th e Zamori n formed agai n s t the Portuguese . An at tack i s made

by the Bijapt'

I r army 0 11 Goa, wh ich i s bes ieged t i l l Dec . 1 7, when a

treaty i s concluded between the Ki ng of B ij apur and the Viceroy,Dom Lu i z de A taide .

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46

A . D .

THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA

1 572 Mirza at Sarnal i n a desperate encoun ter, and th e Mirza escapes

i n the darknes s and flees towards A gra.

Udaysingh of Mewar d ie s i n ex i le . His son,Pratap Rana,

succeeds,and es tab l i shes h imsel f at Komalmer.

H . 980 : Feb . 2 2,a v ic tory over the M irza and Ft

'

tladi’

s

force i s gai ned . A pr i l 1 0 : Z i -l hijja 1 0,Akbar l eaves M i rza‘Azi z

Muhammad Kokaltash as governor. Ahmadabad i s agai n

bes i eged . Akbar return s and quel l s the i n su rrect i on i n eleven

days, return i ng to A gra on Aug . 1 4 : Jumada I . H . 98 1 .

H . 98 1 . Da‘t‘td Shah succeeds h i s brother Bayazi d as King ofB engal .

Abou t th i s t ime Udaysingh succeed s Maldeva as Raja of

Marwar andacknowledges Akbar’s suzerai n ty . His s i s ter, Jodhbai ,i s marri ed to Akbar .

Periya Krishnappa of Madura dies,and h i s son

,Per iya

V irappa, succeeds .

Sept . Pere i ra,ordered to Malacca to crush th e Queen of

Joparra’s army, refu ses for wan t of adequate equ ipmen t and

retu rn s to L i sbon . Jorge de Cas tro, by command from Portugal ,i s t r i ed for hav i ng del ivered the Chal iyam fort to the Zamori n . He

i s found gu i l ty and beheaded, wh i l e o thers equal ly gu i l ty are

rewarded . I n 1 574 a comm iss i on appoin t i ng h im to another

post arr ives .

Tris tao Vaz de Ve iga appoi n ted commander at Malacca.

H . 982 . Akbar hav ing reduced the prov ince o f Bhakkar

excl u s ive of the fort , th e ru ler, Mahmud Khan , resolves at l ength

to g ive i t up to Akbar, but d ies before the lat ter’s em i ssary

,

G iesa Khan , arr ives . A kbar thu s becomes mas ter o f UpperS i ndh .

May 1 4. Amardas, the th i rd S ikh Guru , d ied , hav ing appoi n ted

h i s son -in-law,Ramdas, to the Gurush i p . On a s i te gran ted by

Akbar, he restored an old tank wh ich he cal led Amr i tsar,i n the

m iddle o f wh ich h e bu i l t th e temple o f Harmandar ( templ e o fHar i) ; t he town was at fi rs t cal led Ramdaspur—now Amri tsar.He l ived t i l l 1 58 1 .

Da‘ud Khan of Bengal takes the fie ld agai n s t Akbar’s general s .Mun‘im Khan

,wh i ls t bes i eging Patna, 1 5 fol lowed by A kbar,

AKBAR 47

and they take the fort of Haj i pur . Aug . 1 1 Rabi‘I I . 2 1,Da‘t' td

Khan escapes to O r i ssa. Mun‘im Khan receives the t i t l e o f

Khan Khanan , and i s made Governor of Bengal and B ihar ; hemakes Gau r his capi tal , bu t d ies Oct . 1 2

, 1 575.

Tuls i Das, th e Marath i poet,begi n s h i s poem

,th e R ama

c/zarz'

ta Mandy,founded on the R amayana.

March 1 3 : Z i—l qa‘da 2 0,H . 982 . Da

‘t‘

td Khan is defeated atTukharoi or Mughalmari by Todar Mal and Mun‘im Khan .

A pr i l 1 2 : Muh . 1 , H . 983. Peace i s concluded at Katak , Da‘t‘

I d

ced ing Bengal and B ihar, and Akbar acknowledgi ng h im King ofOr i s sa.

Ti rumala, King of Pennakonda, i s succeeded by h i s secondson , S r i Ranga 1 1 .

Oct . 1 4 : Rajab 9 , H . 983. Mun‘im Khan Khan Khanan

d ies at Gau r, and most of h i s army i s carr ied off by the unheal thy

cl imate . Husai n Quli Khan,Governor o f the Panj ab

,is t rans

ferred to Bengal ; bu t before h e reaches h i s new governmen tDa‘ud Shah and h i s Afghan s agai n i nvade Bengal .Raja TodarMal sen t to Gujarat by A kbar to make a revenue

sett lemen t . Waj i h-ul -Mulk appoin ted fi rs t m in i ster. Mirza Khan i ssecond Mughal Viceroy i n Gujarat

,t i l l 1 577.

The A chi nese, on the poi n t of tak ing Malacca, fal l i n to a

pan i c and ret i re .

The Por tuguese lose hold of the Moluccas,owing to the

maladm in i s trat i on o f thei r commanders . Ternate i s su rrendered

to a combinat i on of nat ive powers.

J une 1 8 Rabi‘I . 2 1,H . 984. Rana Pratap or K ika of Mewar

defeated by Kunwar Man S ingh at Gogandah.

Ju ly 1 2 : Rabi‘I I . 1 5, H . 984 . Husai n Quli Khan appoin ted

Governor of Bengal ; defeats Da‘ti d Khan’s army at Rajmahal .

Da‘t'td i s impri soned and execu ted : wi th h im end s the l i ne o fi ndependen t Bengal k i ngs .

Miran Muhammad Khan of Kandesh d ies . His son being ami nor

,h is brother, Raja

‘A l i,succeeds .

H . 984. Great mosque at Fathpur S i kri fi n i shed .

Vi ra Chama Raja of Mai su r d i es ch i ld less . Bettada Wodiyar,g randson of Chama Raja I .

,succeeds .

TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I NDIA

Portuguese affai rs at Amboyna cri t i cal . Consp i rac ies formedagai n s t Sancho de Vasconcel los

,resu l ti ng i n the death of many

Por tuguese .

Dom Lorenco de Tavara, Viceroy-elec t, d ies on the voyageou t . Dom Diego de Menezes, next on the Succes s ion paten t,takes office as twen ty-eigh th V icroy.

Mal i k Tokan Thanadar o f Dabhol m urders the Portugues e

officers at h i s hou se . Dom H ieronymo de Mascarenhas,who

had absen ted h imsel f,re turn s to G oa, where a pun i t i ve exped i t i on

i s organ i sed .

March 3 1 Muharram 1 1,H . 985. Muhammad Hakim Mirza

i nvests Lahor : on Akbar’s approach he return s to Kabu l .

Th is year the Musl i m creed d isappears from the

nat ional co i nage and l i turgy .

Shihabud-din A hmad Khan succeeds I‘timad Khan as th ird

Viceroy of Gujarat t i l l 1 583 .

Further effort s made again s t Mal ik Tokan of Dabhol . ‘A l i‘Ad i l Shah agai n sues for peace .

Dec . 1 3. S i r Franc i s Drake sai l s from P lymouth . Havi ng

crossed the Pacific,he stops at Ternate.

H . 9 86 .

‘A l i Khan Chak of Kashm i r i s k i l led by a fal l fromh i s horse . His son, Yasuf Khan , succeeds , and pu ts to death

h i s uncle Abdal Chak . Revol ts occurr ing, he fl ees to H industan .

Rohtas fortres s surrenders t o the Khan Jahan , Governor of

Bengal .

Raja Wodeyar u su rps the th rone of Mai su r.

Aug . 4. I n an i l l -fated expedi t ion to A fr ica the Portuguese

ki ng,Sebas t ian

,i s defeated , and s lai n i n th e bat t le of A lcazar

K iver . Thi s even t completes the downfal l of Por tuguese emp i re

i n the Eas t .

Aug. Dom Lu i z de A taide arr ives at Goa as Viceroy for the

second t ime .

H . 987. Husai n Qu li Beg, Khan Jahan , Governor of Bengal,d ies . Muzaffar Khan Turbati i s appo in ted h i s successor . Duri ng

the Khan Jahan’s governorsh ip Bengal

,B ihar

,and O r i ssa wi th

Katak were re-annexed to the emp ire.

AKBAR 49

Mal ik Tokan st i l l t roublesome at Dabhol . A Portuguese

exped i t i on defeats a Malabarese, Turk i sh , and Musl im fleet .

H . 987 . Akbar sends a force to re-es tab l i sh Yt‘

tsuf Khan on

the throne of Kashm i r . Lohar Chak , son of A bdal, the r i val

ru ler,i s b l i nded .

I brah im Qutb Shah takes Kondavid and other forts on the

Vi jayanagar fron t i er .

Apr i l 4 . Thomas Stephens S .J . ,l eaves L i sbon , and arr ives

at Goa, Oc t . 2 4. He i s thus the fi rs t Engl i shman to v i s i t I nd ia.

Died at G oa 1 6 1 9 .

John Huygen L i n schoten, a Frieslander, arr i ves at Goa i n

the t rai n of the archbi shop : in th i rteen years he amassed much

i nformat ion on alm os t every branch of i nqu i ry . His Voyage was

t ran slated i n to Engl i sh i n 1 598.

S i r Franc i s Drake landed at Ternate, and traded w i th the

ru ler of the i s land . Subsequen t ly he landed i n Java, and thence

return s to England, via the Cape of Good Hope .

The quest ion of the relat ion of the head of the S tate tosp i r i t ual affai rs agi tated at th e Mughal cou rt . A kbar favours an

eclect i c the i sm,and the convocat i on decrees that the emperor

may pronounce a final award i n doctri nal controversy prov ided

no oppos i t i on to the Quran i s offered .

Jan. 3 1 . Henry I . of Portugal d ies . The Eas tern possess ions

fal l i n to Span i sh hands . Hol land begi ns to t rade d i rec tly w i ththe East .

Apri l : Safar, H . 988 .

‘A l i ‘Adi l Shah of B ijapt'

tr murdered .

I brah im succeeds . (Ferishta dates th i s i n

Owing to Muzaffar Khan’s exac t i on s a rebel l ion i n Bengal

breaks ou t under Baba Khan Qaqshal, who takes Gau r, and

ki l l s the governor,Muzaffar Khan

,at Tanda i n A pri l : Rabi‘I .

Bengal agai n becomes i ndependen t .

H . 988. Certai n nobles of Kashm i r become d isaffected ,assemb l e i n Tibe t

, and march on Kashm i r, but are se i zed , and

the leaders m ut i lated .

Ju ly . TodarMal d isun i tes the rebel s , and restores B ihar.

Oct . Engl i s h merchan ts make a represen tat i on to the Lordsi n Counc i l

,request i ng the queen’s l icen se for s i x sh ips to t rade

to I nd ian and Ch inese ports .

4

THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA

Jan. : Z i—l hijja, H . 988. Mas‘t‘

tm Farankhadi , Governor of

Oudh,rebel s

,and i s defeated by TodarMal

’

s troops .

March 3. Ramdas, the fourth S ikh Guru , dies, and h i s son,

A rj un-mal l , succeeds, the Gurush ip now becom ing hered i tary .

Arj un col lected the mater ial s of the G rant/z, the sacred code of

the S ikhs ; he changed the offer i ngs to the Guru i n to a regular

tax. He died 1 60 6 .

March : Muharram ,H . 989 . Mirza Hak im ‘A skari

,defeated

by A kbar,re turn s to Kabu l . Aug. 1 0 : Rajab 1 0

,A kbar v i s i t s

Kabul,pardon s and re i n s tates Hakim Mirza.

H . 989 . Yasu f Shah of Kashm i r rece ives ambassadors from

A kbar, and later sends h i s son Ya‘qab , on a v i s i t wi th presents to

the Deh l i cour t .

Muzaffar Shah of Gujarat, a pens ioner at Akbar’

s court

s in ce 1 573, rai ses a rebel l ion i n concer t w i th Sher Khan Fulad i .

May 2 5 : Rabi‘I I . 2 1

,H . 989 . I brahim Qutb Shah of Gol

konda d ies . Muhammad Qul i succeeds .

Sept . 3. Fernao Tel les de Menezes,appo in ted governor at

Goa,adm in i s ters the oath of al l eg iance to Ki ng Ph i l i p I I .

of Spai n . Sep t . 1 6,Dom Franc i sco de Mascarenhas Conde de

San ta C ruz en ters G oa as twen ty-first V i ceroy . Squadron s sen t to

Malabar, Coulete, and Capocate (Kappatt), to pu t down pi racy .

Daman agai n th reatened by the Mughal s, and the K ing of

Sarceta g ives trouble, bu t even tual ly offers subm i ss ion .

Nov . Bweng Naung of B urma and Pegu d ies . A fte r h i sdeath , Pegu agai n separates from Burma.

The fi rs t Turkey and Levan t Company, for purposes of tradeto the East

,i s formed i n London .

H . 990 . A‘zam Khan, Governor of Bengal , sows d i ssen s ion

among the rebe l ch iefs and re s tores the emperor’s author i ty,

qu iet ly tak ing possess i on o f Tanda.

The ren t-rol l o f Todar Mal div ides Bengal i n to 1 9 Sarkars

and 682 Mahals.

The Portuguese at Ormuz, bes ieged by the K ing of Lara,are perm i t ted to march ou t, bu t

‘

are pu t to the sword by

the nat ives .

AKBAR 5 1

Fernao de M iranda’s mar i nes mut iny for pr i ze-money ;proceed ing to Daman , they compel the d iv i s i on of booty , and

rece i ve ten crowns each . Miranda next demol ishes Castaletteand ext i rpates a race of p i rates . O n the way home the

Portuguese fleet encou n ters three or four E ngl i sh vessel s .

An exped i t i on agai n s t the Kol i s i n the N . Konkan resu l ts i nthe subm i ss ion o f thei r ch i ef.

H . 99 1 . The A fghans,under Qutl t

‘

I Khan Lohan i , r i se i n

O r i s sa. Shaikh Farid -ud-din Bukhaa deputed to treat wi th

them ; b e nearly peri shes by Qutl t‘

t’s t reachery

,and renews the

war. The A fghan s are d riven i n to the fores ts .'

Feb . : Muharram . Muzaffar Shah takes Ahmadabad,defeat s

the rel i evi ng army of Sh ihab-ud-di n and I‘timad Khan , the newgovernor . He captures Baroda and Bharoch .

Mirza Khan,Khan Khanan

,fi fth Viceroy of Gujarat, t i l l

1 59 0 .

Dom A n ton io de Noronha destroys the temples i n Sal sette .

I n retal iat i on , the nat ives wreck the churches and perpetrate

atroc i t i es . Promi scuous s laughter i s carried ou t by Gomez Yanezde Figueyredo and new churches are erec ted .

March 8 : John N ewberie, c i t i zen and merchan t , al ong w i th

Ral ph Fi tch , Wi ll iam Leedes, and James Story leave London i nthe “ Tyger .” Oct . 5, they are im pr i soned at Bahre i n, sh ipped toG oa, and l i berated on Dec . 2 2

,on bai l of ducats. L i n s

choten now at G oa.

Jan. 2 9 : Muharram 1 5, H . 9 9 2 . Muzaffar Shah defeated at

Sarkhej by Mirza Khan ; he flees to Khambay and i s agai ndefeated at Rajpipla.

H . 99 2 . Yasuf Shah Chak, hear i ng o f a proposed v i s i t of

Akbar,accord ing to Ferishta

,wishes to escort h im to Kashm i r

,

but is preven ted by h i s nob les . Akbar depu tes a force to conquer

the coun try , and Haidar Chak, th e son of Yasuf, i s defeated byA kbar .

March : Rab i‘I . Shahbaz Khan Kamba appoi n ted Governoro f Bengal .

H . 99 2-

3. Ghafar Khan (Kufo Khan ), son of Mal lu Khan

of B ijapar, asp i res to the throne . James Lopez Bayam, a

1 586

THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA

Portuguese i n the service of B ij apur , arr ives at G oa and b l ind sthe pr i nce

, Ghaft‘

I rKhan , i n con form i ty w i th an arrangemen t made

w i th h im at B ijapar.

H . 993. Mirza Muhammad Baqi of Thatta d ies . Mirza

Jani Beg,h is grandson , s ucceeds , t i l l 1 59 2 .

The Zamori n arranges term s wi th Dom Franci sco de Mascar

enhas,whereby h i s people can t rade as far as Gujara t.

The K ing of Coch i n,ow ing to h i s favour for the Portuguese ,

causes revo l t s . I n the tumu l t Gi les Yanez Mascarenhas i s

k i l led .

A ugust . D om Duar te de Menezes appoi n ted th i r ty—secondViceroy . Hi s fi rs t offic ial act i s to effect a pacification of Coch i n .

Sayy id Murtaza Sab swari and Khudawand Khan Habshi ,defeated by Salabat Khan , take refuge at Akbar

’

s cour t . Hear i ng

of the d i s tract ion s at A hmadnagar,A kbar send s M irza ‘A zi z

Koka wi th an army i n to the Dekhan .

Ib rahim ‘Ad i l Khan co-operates w i th the Por tuguese for

the reduct ion of the Nayyak of Sangames’

war and h i s p i rates .

Rustam Khan and Dom H eirome de Mascarenhas constrai n

th e Nayyak to sue for peace . His lands are given to another

Nayyak .

Apri l 5. R alph Fi tch and h is compan ion s escape from Goa

and t rave l through I nd ia, reach i ng Fathpur S i kri on Sep t . 2 8.

July 1 6 : Sha‘ban 1 6,H . 993. Mirza Muhammad Hakim ,

A kbar’s brother

,d ies at Kabu l

,and Raja Bhagwandas and h i s

son Man S i ngh , are sen t to Kabu l to take charge of the

p rov i nce .

Ruy Goncalves de Camara, unc le of the Viceroy, en trusted

wi th an exped i t i on to Ponnan i to erec t a for t . The Zamor i n

delays perm i ss ion , bu t i s bri bed to gran t a s i te.

Further revolu t i on s at Ternate and Tidor. The Portuguese

fl eet i s al so defeated at O rmuz .

Feb . 2 5 : Rabi‘I . 5, H . 994. Raja B i rbal

,who was al so the

Kab-raz'

or poe t laureate, and Mughal s,s lai n by th e

rebel l iou s Yt‘

tsufzai s i n Badakhshan . Todar Mal and Man

S ingh res tore order,but con tes ts are soon resumed .

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54 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA

Jan . : Safar,H . 996 . The Sh i‘ah Mul la Ahmad of That ta i s

murdered by M irza F t‘

tlad Beg Bar las, for rev i l i ng the fi rst th reekhal i fs

,he is condemned to death by the emperor.

Jan. Raja S ingha makes another at tack on Colombo,bu t

i s repulsed . The Portuguese devas tate the west coas t of Ceylon,

and Colombo i s strengthened .

March : Rabi‘ H . 9 96 . Zai n Khan Koka, A kbar’

s foster

brother, appo in ted Govern or of Z abul istan i n place of Man

S i ngh .

May. Dom Duarte de Menezes d ies,and Manoel de Sousa

Cou t i nh o,second on the succes s i on paten t s

,succeeds as governor.

June 5 : Rajab 1 8. Murtaza N izam Shah of A hmadnagar

(accord ing to the j ama al i s po i son ed by h i s son,Miran

Husai n , who succeeds . O ther accoun ts say he was su ffocated

about Rabi‘I . 8,H . 99 7 or Jan. 1 5, 1 589 . Miran rules w i th such

cruel ty and oppress ion that after ten mon ths the m in i s ter, Mirza

Khan,secures his i mpr i sonmen t .

The R aushanias, a fanat ical sect i n Terah , under JalalaR aushani

,are defeated at Bangash by Kumar Man S i ngh . They

con t in ue,however

,to g ive troub le t i l l 1 60 0 .

H . 9 9 7. M i rza ‘Azi z Kokab , Governor of Malwa, t ransferredto Gujarat . An i ndeci s ive bat t le fought wi th the Jam of

Nawanagar .

March 6 . Ralph Fi tch v i s i t s Ceylon from Bengal . Sai l s

March 1 1 .

March 2 8 Jumada I . 1 1 . M i ran Husai n N izam Shah of Ah

madnagar assass i nated , and I sma‘i l, h i s nephew, i s rai sed to the

th rone,th e power be ing ves ted i n Jamal Khan , who defeats an

army under Salabat Khan from Berar.

Oct . 2 : Z i o l qa‘da 2 2,H . 99 7. Akbar vi s i ts Kabu l . Bhagwandas

and Todar Mal d ie at Lahor : th e governmen t of Kabu l i scon ferred on Muhammad Qas im Mir-Bahr, and A kbar leaves

,

Nov . 2 9 : Muharram 2 0 , H . 9 98.

H . 998. Man S ingh,Governor o f B ihar , subdues the

Z amindar of Haj ipu r, and i s appointed Governor of Bengal, wi th

the t i t le of R aja.

Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah moves h i s cap i tal from Golkonda

to Haidarabad or Bhagnagar.

AKBA R . 55

The Levan t Company made an expedi t i on by land to Ind ia,and much i n format i on was ob tai ned wh ich proved h igh ly u sefu li n the subsequen t establ i shmen t of I nd ian commerce .

A society of Engl i sh merchants pet i t i on Queen El i zabeth for

perm issron to voyage to I nd ia.

Jan. 1 0 . Four sh ips leave Goa, of wh ich two are lost , and

one st randed and burn t at th e A zores by the Engl i sh , whi le th efou rth , the

“ Madre de Dios,

” i s taken by the Engl i sh, Aug. 3.

Her cargo, es t imated at i s “ d ivided among the

adven tu rers, whereof Her Maj esty was th e ch ief ” ; val uabl e

i n format ion regard i ng I ndian trade i s obtai ned .

Feb . : Rabi‘ H . 9 99 . Akbar despatches an army under

Mirza Khan,Khan Khanan

,for the reduc t i on o f S i ndh .

I sma‘i l Qu li Khan , s i xth Viceroy of Gujarat for a few mon th s .Soon succeeded by M irza‘A zi z Kokaltash, t i l l 1 59 2 .

Jamal Khan,min i ster at Ahmadnagar

,defeat s th e B i japur

army,bu t i s k i l led i n a batt le wi th Burhan , father of the young

k ing,I sma‘i l . Burhan secures h i s son and ascends the th rone as

Burhan N izam Shah t i l l 1 594.

Portuguese author i ty re-establ i sh ed i n East A fr i ca by an

exped i t io n from G oa.

Sep t . The nav igator,John Dav ies

,sai l s from P lymouth for

I nd ia, but on ly reaches Madei ra.

A kbar orders a compi lat ion of Muhammadan h i s tory up to

the year 1 0 0 0 . The Tarz‘

é/z-zlA lf'

z'

i s thereupon begun , the ch ie f

labour devolv ing upon Maulana A hmad , son of the Qaz i of

That ta .

May. Math ias de A lbuquerque arr ives to succeed Manoel

de Sousa Cou t i nh o as governor . The lat ter peri sh es on the wayhome

,th e sh ip and cargo bei ng los t . Between 1 579 and 1 59 1 ,

twen ty -two Portuguese vessel s are los t owing to extreme s ize or

heavy cargo.

H . 1 0 0 0 . Muzaffar I I I . , betrayed to the Mughal s by the

Raja of Kachh , i s p laced i n custody, but comm its su ic ide at

Dhrol .

Nov . 3 : Muharram 2 6 . Mirza Jan i Begof Thatta i s at tacked

THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA

by Akbar’s general,

‘Abdul Rah im Khan,and defeated , bu t hold s

ou t for some mon th s,and final ly cap i tu lates .

Rebel l i on s break ou t i n Kashm i r under Yadgar, nephew ofthe governor . The Mughal force recovers Kashm i r for Akbar .

The k ings of Jafnapatam and Kandy are dec lared enem ies

by the Portuguese for thei r persecu t ion of th e Chri s t ians . AndréFur tada reduces the Coromandel coas t and cap tures a fleet off

Manar. The king and h i s son are pu t to death , a younger sonbe ing spared and restored to the k i ngdom .

A pr ivate mercant i le exped i t i on u nder James Lancaster : al l

sh ip s los t .

March -Apri l Jumada I I . , H . 1 0 0 0 . Di lawar Khan , hav i ng

taken serv ice w i th Burhan N izam Shah,return s to B ijapur on the

i nvi tat i on of I brah im ‘Adi l Shah,bu t i s impr i soned and bl i nded .

April . The Portuguese at Chau l bes i eged by the t roops of

I brahim Nizam Shah,and l i berated on ly by help from Bas se i n

and Surat .

A fi nal revol t agai n s t Akb ar’s governmen t i n Kashm i r i s

quel led .

Mirza Jan i Beg Tarkhan of S indh acknowledges feal ty to

the emperor and i s adm i t ted a nob le,and rece ives a command .

S indh becom ing annexed to the emp i re .

H . 1 0 0 1 . Raja Man S ingh suppresses a rebel l ion of QutlughKhan Afkan i n O ri ssa.

Fur ther rebel l i on s i n Ceylon resu l t i n the i n s talmen t ofVimala D

'

harma,a former par t i san of Portugal , as King of Kandy .

He holds Kandy for twelve years .

March 2 4 : Rajab 1,H . 1 0 0 1 . Mirza‘A zi z Kokab , summoned

from Gujarat to court,depart s w i thou t leave for Makka : Pri nce

Murad i s made Governor of Gujarat w i th Sad iq Muhammad Khanas min ister. Mirza Shahrukh i s appoi n ted Governor o f Malwa.

Some rebel ch i efs of Ahmadnagar sack Burhanpu r, and,

d ispersed by Raja‘A li Khan of Kandesh, seek refuge wi th A kbar.Akbar prepares to i nvade the Dekhan

,but i s res trai ned by deput i es

and offeri ngs from Raja‘A l i .I brah im I I . of Bijapar i n vades and reduces Mai sur now unde r

Venkatadri Nayyak .

AKBAR 57

Oct . 1 7 : Muharram 2 1 , H . 1 0 0 2 . Ambassadors from th e

Dekhan report the refusal o f the k ings to acknowledge A kbar’ssupremacy . Pri nce Danyal i s sen t sou th w i th an army wh ich i s

soon transferred to Mi rza Khan , Khan Khanan .

Fi ve ships arr ive at Goa under Dom Lu iz Cout i nho,who

brings the “ Bul l of the Crusade,

” Franc i sco de Faria bei ng

commi s sary .

The sh ip “ Cinque L lagas i s cap tured by the Engl i sh and

burn t , twelve su rvivors be i ng taken to England .

Cornel i us Hou tman makes i nqu ir ies i n Portugal as to I nd ian

trade .

H . 1 0 0 2 . Nizam-ud-din Ahmad Bakhsh i wr i tes the TabakaZ-z'

Akbarz'

, a general Muhammadan h i s tory from H . 367 to 1 0 0 1 .

H . 1 0 0 2 . Qulrj Khan , a d i s t i ngu i shed Pers ian , i s appoin ted

Governor of Kabul .

Apr i l . A Portuguese trad ing sh ip from Chi na to Goa i s b lown

up off the Malabar coas t to‘prevent capture by the Malabar

gal l io ts . August 1 . Furtado, i n revenge, captures three Cal icu t sh ips,securi ng ri ch booty . He then defeat s th e en t i re Malabar fleet .

Sep t. 4. The Portuguese defeat the A hmadnagar army at Chau l

creek and obtai n the fort of Korlai (“ I l Morro ” i n Portuguese

h is tor ies).

Sept . 2 5. Muharram 1 0,H . 1 0 0 3. Akbar sends Shai kh Fari d

Bash i -ul -Mulk w i th o ther Am i rs to effec t the conques t of Sawal ikJammu fort i s su rrendered and the country i s set tled under Qazi

Hasan . Qandahar i s subj ugated and th e Mughal empi re con

sol idated over al l Hindustan or north of the V indhyas and as far

as Kabu l and Qandahar .

H . 1 0 0 3. Bahadur,son of Muzaffar I I I . of Gujarat

,s t i rs up

rebel l i on s,bu t i s cru shed by Sarajsmgh.

B irth of Shahj i Bhonsla,son of Malop Bhonsla

,a s i lahdar

,or

armoured sold ier,i n the A hmadnagar servi ce

,and father o f S i vaj i .

A great mee t i ng h eld at Amsterdam ,when i t i s reso lved to

send a fleet to I nd ia at an ear ly date.

Nov. 1 1 : S . 1 65 1 . I n scr ip t i on i n the temple of VadipuraParsvanatha at Anhilvad

,con tai n i ng a pattaval z

‘

or success ion

l i s t of the Jai na h igh pr ies ts of the Brihat-Kharatara gachchha.

TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA

Wi l l iam Baren ts, a Dutchman , endeavours to d i scover a north

west passage to Eas tern As ia.

A .H . 1 0 0 3 . Mirza Muzaffar Husai n i s prevai l ed upon to

surrender Qandahar to A kbar . Shah Beg A rght‘

in i s sen t to takepossess ion of i t .

Apr i l 2 . Four sh ips under Cornel i u s Houtman leave from the

Texel,Hol land , for I nd ia via th e Cape, and remai n away two and

a hal f years .

A pr i l 2 8 : Sha‘ban 1 8,H . 1 0 0 3. Burhan N izam Shah of

A hmadnagar d ies . I brahim h i s son and successor i s k i l led i n

batt l e agai n s t the Ki ng of B ijapt‘

I r i n A ugust : Z i -l hijja. A hmad

I I .

,a repu ted relat ive

,i s rai sed to the th rone bu t soon after

expel led,andon Sept . 30 : Muharram 2 5, H . 1 0 0 4, Bahadur Shah ,

i n fan t son of I brahim Nizam Shah,is placed on the throne, wi th

Chand B i bi,widow of ‘A 11 ‘Ad il Shah of B ij apur

,h i s great-aun t,

as regen t .

Kuch B ihar annexed to the Dehl i empi re by Lakshman

Narayan Raja.

Zai n Khan Kokah Governor of Kabul for the second t ime .

Suraj S i ngh Raja of J odhpur i s appoin ted deputy-governor ofGujara t .

H . 1 0 0 4. Pri nce Murad leaves Gujarat for the Dekhan on the

i nv i tat i on of M iyan Munj i,the D ekhani m in i s ter of A hmadnagar .

Oct . 1 4 : Safar 9 . Fai z i , scholar, poet, and teacher of Akbar’scou r t

,d ies .

Dec . 2 5. Pri nce Murad and th e Mughal army appear before

A hmadnagar . The c i ty and the town of Burhanabad are sacked,

and the fort o f Ahmadnagar i nves ted but bravely defended by

Chand B ibi and the as sai lan ts compel led to rai se the s iege .

A fort at Sal or erected by the Dom in i cans : plots are formedto k i l l the sold iers and friars, but are fru s trated .

Friar Alex i s de Menezes succeeds Friar Matheu s as A rchbi shop of Goa.

March 1 1 : Rajab 1 , H . 1 0 0 4. Ahmadnagar fort at tacked,and

bravely defended by Chand B ibi,act ing for her grand-nephew

,

Bahadur N izam Shah . Overtu res are made by Mu rad , and a

t reaty i s s igned by wh ich Berar i s ceded to the Mughal s . Bahadu r

AKBAR 59

i s crowned andMuhammad Khan appo in ted m in i s ter . He acqu i ressuch power that t roops from B ij apur are requ i red to asser t Chand

B i bi ’s author i ty . The Mughal s from Berar make further i ncu rs ion s

i n to the N izam-Shah i dom i n i on s : On Dec . 2 7 J umada I . 1 7, a

bat tl e i s fough t at the Godavari . The Mughal s sack Ahmadnagar

and Burhanabad.

The Musl im s erect a fort at Padapatam and thence attack the

Portuguese at Thana i n Sal set te .

John van L i n schoten wr i tes an accoun t of h i s researches i n

I nd ia.

Ju ly 1 1 . Cornel i us Houtman lands at Sumat ra, hav i ng left the

Texel on Feb . 2 nd.

Pri vate ven ture of S i r Rober t Dudley’s th ree sh ips under

Captai n B . Wood—never agai n heard of.H . 1 0 0 4.

‘A bdul Qad i r Badaoui, author of the Tank/24'

B aa’

a‘

om'

or’

M ania/e/zab-at Tawdrz‘

k/z,dies .

H . 1 0 0 5. The Taria/1 4 1 17 47992, a Muhammadan h i s tory,i s

compi led by Shai kh ‘Abdu l Haqq—born 1 55 1 , he died 1 642 , H .

1 0 52 .

Jan. : Jumada H . 1 0 0 5. The Mughal army under the

Khan Khanan defeats th e combi ned armi es of the Dekhan Pr ince

Murad and the Khan Khanan d i ffer regard ing the campaign .

Pratap Rana of Udaypur d ies . Amara Rana h i s son succeeds .

May. Dom Franc i sco da Gama, Conde de V idigueyra, assumes

office as th i rty—fifth Viceroy dur i ng the cen tury at G oa.

Maf Abraham , th e b i shop of the Syrian Chri s t ian s, d ies at

Angamale.

Katu la,King of O r i ssa, hav ing p lundered a Patan i temple

,

the people r i se and s lay h i s son and others . A kbar subduesO r i s sa.

H . 1 0 0 6 . Shai kh‘A bu l Fazl supersedes the Khan Khanan asgeneral .

Further coal i t ion s are formed in Ceylon agai n s t the Portuguese .

I n May 1, Dom Joao D harmapala of Ceylon d ies w i thou t hei rs

and the Ki ng of Spai n i s proclaimed sovereign of al l Ceylon except

Jafna and Kandy .

The p i rate Kunhali Marakkar, w i th secret support from the

60 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA

Zamori n , preys upon the Malabar sh ipp ing . Dom Lu iz da Gamades t roy s many paraos

,k i l l i ng the crews .

Two Dutch vesse l s engage w i th six Portuguese sh ips . After

e igh t days the Dutch abandon one vessel,and the other i s wrecked

on the Pegu coas t .

To has ten the for t ificat ion s of Basse i n , Ayres de S i lva de Mel lo

i s sen t as super in tenden t .

March 1 4 : S . 1 654. An i n scrip t i on at Roh tas records th e

repai r i ng the palace of Mana duri ng the governorsh ip o f Sridharai n the t ime of Maharajadhiraja Manasimha, the work bei ng doneby Madabala Bhat ta.

H . 1 0 0 6 . A kbar l eaves the Panj ab for the Dekhan,t o super

v i se personal ly the imper ial army .

A l ex is de Menezes, Archbi shop of G oa, v i s i t s Malabar, havi ng

been comm iss i oned by POpe Clemen t VI I I . , i n a Br ief of 2 7th

Jan. 1 59 5, to bri ng the Chu rch there i n to con form i ty w i th the

Lat i n r i te .

The Zamori n j oi n s the Portuguese i n an at tack on the Kunhal i

Marakkar p i rate’s fortress on the Ko t ta or Putupattanam r iver

mou th . A n ight at tack i s p lanned for May 3, bu t the at tacki ng

arm i es , fai l i ng to co -operate, are defeated i n de tai l . A second

at tack al so repulsed Kunhal i i s at tacked by land and sea.

S trong forts are erected by the Portuguese for the conquest o f

Kandy and Uva an army of i s requ i red for the reduct ion

o f Kandy .

The L i sbon fleet is unab le to sai l th i s year, an Engl i sh fleetb locki ng the Tagus .

The Du tch under Van Nec reach India and establ i sh t rade atAmboyna and Baroda.

Apri l 1 3 : S . 1 654. An i n scr ipt i on at Sadad i of the re ign ofthe Maharana Amarasimha of Mewar .

May 1 0 : Shawwal 1 5, H . 1 0 0 7. Su l tan Murad,second son of

A kbar, d ies .

A fter further figh t i ng the Kunhal i Marakkar surrenders to thePortuguese

,on cond i t i on that h i s l i fe shou ld be spared . He i s

conveyed to G oa and there beheaded . Hi s fortress i s demol i shed .

June 2 0 to 2 6 . Menezes holds the Synod of D iamper or

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

62 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA

trad i ng to the Eas t I nd ies —enabl i ng them to trade for fi fteenyears . The Corporat i on i s to be conduc ted by a chai rman and

twen ty-four d i rectors,to be chosen annual ly .

Feb . : Sha‘ban,H . 1 0 0 9 . Pri nce Sal im fai l s i n an at temp t to

se i ze Agra : he takes possess i on o f Oudh and B ihar, assumes the

t i t l e of k i ng and secu res the local t reasu ry . He retu rns to

Al lahabad and becomes reconci l ed to h i s father .

Feb . 1 3. Five sh ips under Cap tain Lancas ter s tar t fromWoolw i ch and sai l from Torbay

,May 2 . Fr iend ly relat i on s

es tabl i shed at Achi n i n Sumatra,and a factory at Bantam i n Java,

i n both wh ich p laces they left fac tors ; returned to EnglandSept 1 60 3 .

The Du tch are dr iven by André Furtado from Amboyna and

Sunda.

The Portuguese ob tai n a foot ing i n A rakan . The k ing, Meng

Raj a (Salim Shah , the“ X i l im ixa

” of the Por tuguese), appo in ts

Ph i l ip de Br i to or N icote h is agen t at Syr iam . He s iezes the port,defeats h i s former mas ter

,is chosen K ing of Pegu, and accepts

the country i n the name of the King of Portugal .

May 1 8. Francoi s Pyrard de Laval l eaves S t Maloes fo r Goa,where he remai n s many years, meet i ng there Span iards, I tal ians,Germans, Flem i ngs, three French , a few Engl i sh—the las t, pri sonersof the Portuguese .

Franc i sco Roz,professor i n the Jesu i t col lege at Chennam,

was con secrated fi rs t Rom ish b i shop of the Syrian Church, andi n 1 60 5 s ty led Archb i shop of Cranganor. He l ived at Farm, and

died there, Feb . 1 8, 1 6 2 4.

S . 1 52 3. Copper—plate i n scr ip t ion of Venkata I . ot jayanagara

granti ng the v i l lage of V i lapaka, al so named Jvaraharl ingasamudra,to a Brahman .

March 2 9 Admiral Spilbergen arr ives near Batt ikal oa i n Ceylon

wi th three Dutch ships,and obtai n s perm i ss ion to bu i ld a for t,

Sept . 2,he sai l s and captures three Portuguese ves sel s, wh ich he

presen ts to the S i nghal ese k i ng .

Aug . 1 2 : Rabi‘I . 4, H . 1 0 1 1 . A bu l Fazl , Akbar’

s min i ster,murdered at the i n st igat ion o f Salim . A kbar tac i t ly permi ts the

murderer Narsing Deo’s lands to be ravaged . Akbar adds the

t i t le “ King of the Dekhan to h i s other royal t i t l es .

AKBAR 63

Mutta Krishnappa, Nayyaka of Madura, as sumes royal t i t les ;died 1 60 9 .

The kings o f A rakan and Taungu attack Syr iam but aredefeated by Pau l de l Rego P inhero : the Taungu pri nce i s taken

pr i soner—ransomed 1 60 4.

_ The Dutch Eas t I nd ia Company formed ou t of a number ofsmal l compan ies .

H . 1 0 1 1 . The R azzzaZ- zzi a general h is tory , i s wr i t ten

by Tahi r Muhammad b i n ‘Imad-ud-din Hasan b i n Sul tan ‘A l i b i nHaj i Muhammad Husai n Sabzwar i .

Jan. 6 . An exped i t i on for the d i scovery of “ Grand Cathay

leaves Akbar’

s cour t under B . Bened ic t Goes, accompan ied

by two Greeks and an Armen ian .

The Dutch , wi th a large fl eet, at temp t to oust the Portuguese

from Mozambique and b lockade Goa. The struggl e between the

two nat i on s beg i ns and th e Dutch gradual ly acqu i re most of the

Portuguese possess ion s .

The Engl i sh capture a Por tuguese sh ip i n Malacca : set t le a

hou se of t rade at Ban tam,and arr ive home i n September .

H . 1 0 1 2 . D is turbances i n Pers ia enab le Akbar to se i zeQandahar, and Shah Beg Arght

‘

tn i s appointed governor.

Shah A bbas sends to G olkonda an ambassador, Oghz lu

Sul tan,who is magn ificen t ly enter tai ned by the ki ng .

Mi ldenhal l, a London merchan t,reaches A gra, hav i ng left

England i n 1 599 travel l i ng overland . The Por tuguese Jesu i t s

traduce the Engl i sh nat ion to Akbar,and Mildenhal l remai n s at

Akbar’

s court t i l l 1 60 6 when he obtai ned prom i ses of arrangemen ts for Engl i sh trade .

H . 1 0 1 3. Raja Man S ingh res ign s the governorsh ip o f Bengal

and comes to the cap i tal to organ ise a plot i n favour o f the

s uccess ion of h i s nephew, Sul tan Khusro, Jahangi r’s e ldes t son .

March 1 : S . 1 52 5. A Kanarese and Sanskri t i n scri pt io n on

the Jai na colossus at Venar records i ts ded icat i o n as Bhujabal inor Bahubal in, by Timmaraja, brother of P r i nce Pandya and

son-in-law of Rayakuvara.

The King of A rakan wi th the King of Taungu attack

THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA

De Bri to b ut they are defeated . By h i s ou trages

De B ri to offends the Talai ngs and takes pri soner Pr i nce Meng

Khamaung,son of the King of Taungu , who i s carr ied to Syr iam .

A second at tack i s made by land and sea, and the Portuguese

fleet i s wors ted,but they fai l to capture Syr iam

,and th e King

of Arakan pays c rowns for t he release of the pri nce.

H . 1 0 1 3. Pr ince Danyal rece ives the subm i ss ion of Mal ik‘Ambar, and espou ses a daughter of I brah im ‘Adi l Shah .

May. Dom Mar t i n A ffonsa de Cas tro arr ives at Goa asViceroy.

King James I .

,by gran t i ng l icence to S i r Edward M ichelborne

and others to t rade i n the Eas t, encroaches on the Eas t I nd ia

Company’s monopoly .

Henry IV. gran ts a charter to a French East I nd ia Company,bu t i t fai l s and i s soon after d i sso lved .

Second voyage of the Engl i sh Company to Amboyna under

S i r H . Middleton .

The Dutch establ i sh factori es i n Sou thern I nd ia.

Apri l 2 0 : Z i -l hijja I , H . 1 0 1 3. P ri nce Danyal d ies at

Burhanpur .

Mirza‘Abdurrah im,Khan Khanan , Governor of A hmadnagar,

unab le to d i spossess M iyan Manj u and Mal i k ‘Ambar, comesto an agreemen t w i th them .

Nyaung Ram Meng, King of Burma, d ies, and i s succeeded by

h i s son,who takes the t i t le of Mahadhamma Raja. Great

s laugh ter of the Portuguese at Dianga i n A rakan .

JAHANG I R .

Oct . 2 5 : Jumada I I . 1 2, H . 1 0 1 4. The Emperor Akbar d ies

after a reign of 5 1 l unar years 9 month s, aged 64 lunar years1 1 mon ths . Pr i nce Sal im assumes the governmen t as N t

‘

tr-ud—dinMuhammad Jahangi r.

Raja Man S i ngh Kachhwaha subm i ts to Jahangi r and i s

reappo inted Governor of Bengal ; but soon after (H . 1 0 1 5) hei s recal led and sen t to quel l d i s turbances at Roh tas i n B ihar .

Nov . Husai n Khan Sham lu of Harat, on A kbar’

s death ,

JA HAN GI R . 6 5

A . D .

1 60 5 bes ieges Qandahar, bravely defended by Shah Beg Khan Arghan ,and Mirza Ghazi Beg i s sen t to rel i eve i t, when Shah

‘Abbasordered the s i ege to be rai sed .

Feb . Ternate fort and c i ty, held by a garr i son of Dutch and

nat ives, i s bes ieged and taken by D a Cunha. Tidor al so captu red

and reannexed .

Apri l 1 5. Z i - l hijja 8, H . 1 0 1 4 . Pri nce Khusro wi th a few

fol lowers from Agra,recru i t s and plunders i n Labor d i s tri c t,

i s defeated at Bhaironwal on the B ias ; and Ju ne 1 0 : Safar 3,H . 1 0 1 5, i s brough t cap t i ve before h i s father and impri soned .

A rj un,the fi fth S ikh Guru

,charged w i th aid i ng i n Khusro’

s

rebel l i on,suffers death . He had nom inated h i s son

,Hargovind,

as s ixth Guru . He was the fi rs t to arm the S ikhs and took

a bloody revenge on those Muhammadan s whom he though t hadl ed to h i s father’s death . He died i n 1 638 .

May. The Viceroy leaves Goa, and on Aug . 1 7 engages the

Dutch , but d iv ides h i s fleet i n to two par ts, one of wh ich—of five

gal leon s under Nuno Pere i ra—i s total ly defeated by the Dutchon Oct . 2 2 . The Viceroy d ies of gri ef : agai n , the Dutch capture

th ree sh ips and blockade Goa, to preven t the return of thePortuguese fleet to L i sbon .

Sept . 1 2 : J umada I . 9 , H . 1 0 1 5. Qutb-ud-din Khan (ShaikhKhab t

‘

t) i s appoi n ted Sabhadar of Bengal i n add i t i on to B ihar.

He is ordered to send Sher Afkan ‘A li Quli I stajla, the husbandof N t

‘

tr Jahan,to the court ; Sher Afk an refuses to go, and i n

an encoun ter at Bardwan, Qutb -ud-din at tacks Sher A fkan , who

i s wounded by h im, and both die of thei r wounds .

Oct . Dom Alex i s de Menezes, A rchb i shop of Goa, succeeds

Mart i m Affon so as governor .

Robert de Nob il ibus, a Jesu i t m i ss ionary and em inen t Sanskr i t

and Tami l scholar, preaches at Madura, and founds a m iss ion

there i n 1 6 2 4.

H . 1 0 1 6 . Qul ij Khan i s appoi n ted nom inal V iceroy of Gujarat,Mirza ‘A zi z con t i nu ing to act. Shai kh Fari d-i-Bukhari i s

appo in ted e leven th V i ceroy w i th the t i t le of Murtaza Khan .

Thi rd voyage of the Engl i sh Company, under Keel inge,Hawk ins

, and D . Middleton . Hawk in s goes straigh t to Surat,

66 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA.

l eav ing h i s sh ip wi th in s truct ions to proceed to Bantam he travel s

to Agra i n 1 60 9 .

H . 1 0 1 6 . Jahangi r Qul i Khan Lalah Beg i s appoin ted Governor

of B ihar and Bengal, bu t d ies the fol lowing year .

June 1 4 : Safar 1 8, H . 1 0 1 6 . Jahangi r v i s i t s Kabul and

appoi nts Shah Beg Khan A rght‘

m Governor o f Kabu l i n add i t i on

to Qandahar,w i th the t i t l e of Khan Dauran

,and orders h im to

prepare a fi nancial sett lemen t for the whole of Afghan i s tan except

Harat . He res igned the o ffice i n H . 1 0 2 7, and di ed i n 1 0 2 9 ,

aged n i nety l u nar years .

Mal i k ‘Ambar, th e Habshi , conci l iates Murtaza N izam Shahof Ahmadnagar and removes the seat o f governmen t to Junnar .

H . 1 0 1 6 . Mahabat Khan sen t w i th a force agai n s t Amara

Singh Rana of Udaypur ; and the Khan Khanan Mirza‘Abdur

rah im , wi th Pr i nce Parwi z as nom inal commander,under the

gu idance of A saf Khan and others, are sen t t o set t l e mat ters i nthe Dekhan .

Fath Khan,an Afghan

,obtai n s possess ion of D ianga, 2 0

m i les sou th of Chittagaon and of Sanda, and becomes ac t i veagai n s t th e Portuguese p i rates .

The Engl i sh fleet th i s year i s los t on the way to I nd ia.

H . 1 0 1 7 . M i rza ‘Azi z Kokah , Governor o f Gujarat, h i s son ,Jahangi r Qu li Khan

,be i ng deputy .

Shah‘Ala-ud—di n I slam Khan,Governor of Bengal t i l l H . 1 0 2 2 .

Amara Rana of Udaypur defeat s the imperial army at D ewir.

The Burmese k ing, Mahadhamma R aja, des troys Syriam and

dr ives the Portuguese from h i s k i ngdom . Escap ing to the Ganges

del ta, they l i ve by p i racy . Fath Khan Afghan i s k i l led i n an

attemp t to wi th stand them at Sandwip . Prome i s retaken byMahadhamma Raja, the B urmese k i ng, after an i nves tmen tof eight mon th s .

Aug . Capt . Wil l iam Hawki ns of the Hector ” lands at Suratas envoy w i th let ters to Jahangi r

, and proceeds to A gra.

Sept . The.

Portuguese Northern flee t th reatens to burn thec i ty of Surat and sh ippi ng i f the Engl i sh are not sen t away .

Oct . 5. After l os i ng her long-boat and twen ty-seven men,the “ Hector ” l eaves for Bantam .

JA I I A N G I R . 67

H . 1 0 1 8. Khan Jahan i s sen t to the Dekhan where the warhad taken an unfavourable turn . A t Mulkapur the imper ialarmy loses heav i l y i n a batt l e w i th Mal i k ‘Ambar

,now vi r tual

master of the Dekhan .

Mal i k ‘Ambar i nvades Gujara t , plunders Surat and Baroda,

and re t i res . A force i s now s tat i oned at Ramnagar as a

protec t i on to the Gujarat p rovi nces .

March . Sebas t ian Gonzale s sei zes Sandwip and two o theri slands, i n defiance of the Raja of Bakla. Gai n i ng command of

the Arakanese fleet he plunders the v i l lages on the Arakan r i ver .A peace is concluded , but Gonzale s sh ows such treachery that th ek ing impale s th e former’s n ephew then a hostage .

March . André Fur tado de Mendoca succeeds as governo r atG oa

,—th e vi ceroy elect, the Conde de Feyra, hav ingd ied on the

voyage . Sept . Ruy Lourenco de Tavora succeed s as v iceroy .

H . 1 0 1 8. The brother o f th e K ing of G olkonda, Mirza

Muhammad Khudabanda, rebel s, bu t i s se i zed and impr i soned ;he d ies i n 1 6 1 1 .

Muttu Virappa succeeds Krishnappa as ru ler o f Madurat i l l 1 6 2 3.

Captai n Keel inge estab l i shes the Engl i sh factory at Ban tam .

Apri l . Capt . Hawki n s arr i ves at Agra from Surat as envoy to

Jahangi r. He i s opposed by the Por tuguese Jesu i t s,but speak ing

Turk i he gai n s the favour of the emperor, who appoi n ts h im to

the command of 40 0 horse . The Portuguese andMuqarrab Khan

of Surat,however

,mal ign the Engl i sh and thei r offers

,and

Hawki ns l eaves Agra,Nov. 1 6 1 1 .

May. A second Charter gran ted to the Eas t I ndia Company

by James I .,const i tu t i ng them a corporate body for ever

,bu t

reserv i ng to Governmen t the power of d i s solving them on th reeyears’ not ice .

Sept 5. The Engl i sh sh ip“ Ascen s i on wrecked at Gandavi ,

her crew arr iv i ng at Surat .

Spai n recogn i se s the righ t of Hol land to trade wi th I nd ia.

The Du tch bu i ld a for t at Pal ikat, 24 m i les north o f

Madras, wh ich they name G eldria, the i r ear l ies t set t lement inSouthern I nd ia.

68 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

May 8 : Safar 1 4, H . 1 0 1 9 . Patna se i zed and occupied by a

fic t i t i ous Su l tan Khusro, at the head of a Rajpu t throng . The

governor,Afzal Khan , marches on Patna and defeats th e

pretender,who i s pu t to death , May 1 5 Safar 2 1 .

H . 1 0 1 9 . Mal ik ‘Ambar, formerly m i n i s ter at Ahmadnagar,founds a new cap i tal Kharki (now Aurangabad ), and recovers theAhmadnagar and Berar d i str i c ts .

The G olkonda army unsucces sfu l ly at tempt to i nvade th e

Hindu terr i tory of Bas tar .

RajaWodiyar se i zes Ser ingapatam from the Vijayanagar vi ceroy

Ti rumala,and fou nds the Mai su r State .

Natsheng, King of Taungu , becomes tr ibu tary to Burma, th u sb reak ing fai th w i th Ph i l ip de Br i to (Nicote).

Troubles at Chau l occur between th e nat i ve i nhab i tan ts andPortuguese . The nat ive town i s fi red

,bu t the Portuguese are

dr iven off w i th heavy loss . Among the dead are Anton i o

Furtado de Mendoca and Gonzalo de Abreu .

Dom H ierome de Azevedo, commander at Colombo, captures

and burn s Kandy . The ki ng surrenders on t reaty and places

two son s in the hands of the Franc i scan s to be brough t up as

Cathol i c s .

The King of Burma subdues Natsheng, King of Taungu ,who becomes tr ibutary, and breaks fai th w i th De Br i to .

The Du tch se t t le at Pal ikat.

H . 1 0 2 0 .

‘A bdu l lah Khan Bahadu r F irt' I z Jang appoi nted

th i r teen th Viceroy o f Gujarat .

Jahangi r marr ie s N ttr Jahan , widow of Sher A fkan .

The Afghans i n Bengal u nder ‘Usman Khan rebel, and

re fuse obedience to the Mughal ambassador sen t to conci l iate

them .

Capt . Hippou of the “ Globe at tempts unsuccess fu l ly to

open trade at Pal ikat and at Peddapal l i A rjampatnam, 36 mi les

from Masu l ipatam , where a factory was es tabl i shed ten years

afterwards : the name was changed to N izampatam i n 1 679 .

The “ Globe vi s i t s Masu l i patam and s tar ts an agency .

A Un ited ( second ) French Eas t I nd ia Company i s formed .

Sept . 2 6. S i r Henry M idd leton arr i ves off Surat . The

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70 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA .

Oct . 2 8. A Portuguese flee t from G oa j o in s the fr igates at

Surat . The “ Dragon ” engages them on Oc t . 2 9 and 30 . Agai n

from Nov. 2 2 to 2 7, Capt . Bes t gai n s a s ignal v ic tory agai n s t

superi or odds, wh ich leads to the resumpt ion of negotiat i on sbetween the Engl i sh and Jahangi r and to the final e stab l i shmen t

of the Surat fac tory.

Dec . 2 4. Dom H ierome de A zevedo succeeds as Viceroyat G oa.

H . 1 0 2 1 . The Tarz'

k/z- l /zan j a/zazz Loa’z’

of N iamat-u l la i s

completed .

The Dan i sh Eas t I nd ia Company formed at Copenhagen .

Feb . Capt . Bes t l eaves for Ach i n,Messrs S tarkey

,Cann ing,

Aldwor th,N icholas

,Wi th ington , and Kerridge remai n i ng at

Surat as fac tors . Apr i l 9 , Pau l Cann ing arr ives at Agra wi th let tersand present s to the emperor . May 2 9 , Cann ing d ies, probably

poi soned by a Jesu i t p ri es t . J une 2 2, Thomas Kerr idge leaves

Surat to take Can n i ng’s place .

The Engl i sh es tab l i sh a factory at F irando i n Japan .

Apri l . Mahadhamma Raja, King of B urma, over lord of the

King of Taungu , the v ic t im of De B ri to’s v iolence, to pun i sh him,

bl ockades Syr iam by sea and land , and after th i rty- four days

De Bri to sues for peace, bu t rece ives n o reply and the towni s taken : he captures and impal es De B ri to and ki l l s 70 0

defenders . A flee t on i ts way to ass i s t,hear i ng of the di saster

,

re turns .

The Portuguese garr i son at Karanja Fort, i n revenge for th e

murder o f thei r commander,pu t the nat i ves to the sword . The

town and di s t r ic t are ravaged by Sampayo e Cunha. Ruy Frierede A ndrade dr ives o ff the nat i ve bes iegers from Manora and

Agash i . An ton i o P i n to de Fonseca arri ves from L i sbon as

“ Vi s i tor and Proved i tor of the forts i n I nd ia.

Aug . 2 1 : Rajab 5, H . 1 0 2 2 . Shai kh I s lam Khan,Governor

of Bengal,d ies at Dhaka (Dacca). H is brother

,Qas im Khan ,

succeed s .

Nov . The factors Aldworth and Wi th i ngton s tar t on a tour

of the Gujarat market s . Dec . 1 5. They leave for Lauribandar on

the I ndus,are impri soned by Raj pu ts, and on ly reach Surat

Apri l 2 , 1 6 1 5.

JAHANG I R . 7 1

A . H . 1 0 2 3. Amara S ingh , Rana of Udaypur, submi t s toPr i nce Khurram , i s res tored to h i s s tate, and h i s son

,Karan

,

i s rai sed to a h igh command under Jahangi r .

Apr i l 2 : Safar 2 1 , H . 1 0 2 3. Jahan Ara Begam,the beau t i fu l

,

accompl i shed,and heroi c daugh ter of Shah Jahan , born . She

shared her father’s impr i sonmen t i n the for t of A gra, 1 658, t i l l

h i s death i n 1 666 .

Raja Man Si ngh of Amber d ies at B i dar i n the Dekhan .

Venkatapati Raya of Vijayanagar , the cap i tal of wh ich was

ow Chandragi r i , d ies . His nephew,Rama Deva I I I .

,cal led

Ch ikka Raya,succeeds, bu t i s soon deposed, and compel led to

murder h i s fami ly and take h i s own l i fe .

The Portuguese Viceroy sends ambassadors demand ing the

expuls i on of the Dutch from Bijapar. The Zamor in o f Cal i cu t

w i th the Ki ng of Paru at temp t s to se i ze Cranganor; the King

of Paru i s overpowered and the Zamor i n and King of Coch i n

conc i l iated .

The Portuguese Viceroy prepares a powerfu l fleet and arma

men t for the des truc t ion of fou r Engl i sh sh ips wh ich had arr ived

at Surat on Oct . 1 2 . On the way Bharoch , Gogha, and Patan

are plundered and burn t . Dec . 2 3. The Viceroy’s flee t anchorsnear the Engl i sh vessel s . S l igh t sk i rm i shes occur on Dec . 2 7

and 2 8. On D ec . 2 9 the Engl i sh flee t move to Swal ly.

Mi ldenhal l,the London merchant

,agai n i n Agra. He d ies

by poi son soon after .

The His tory of the Muhammadan dynas t i es by MuhammadQas im F irishta i s wri t ten and cal led G a ls/zazz-zl l brafiz

'

mz‘

and also

I’Vauras N ama.

Jan. 1 4 and 1 9 . The Portuguese w i th an augmen ted flee t

at tack the four Engl i sh sh ips at Surat, and are agai n dri ven off.

The Nawab now refuses over tu res from the Portuguese and on h i s

departure rece ives Down ton wi th respect .

Feb . 7. Mr Edwardes, the Engl i sh Company’s agen t , presen ted

to Jahangi r. He obtai n s a general and perpetual farman fort rade in the Mughal dom i n ions .

The imperial troops suppress the rebel l i on of Ahdad the

Afghan , who had long held ou t i n the moun tai n s of Kabul .

A vic tory i n the Dekhan i s gai ned by Shah Jahan over the

72 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA.

A . D .

1 6 1 5 un i ted arm ies of Mal i k ‘Ambar and the Kings of B 1japt‘

1 r and

Golkonda.

Apri l . With i ngton arr ives at A hmadabad after a fru i t les sat temp t to reach the I ndus

,where Engl i sh sh ips

,he heard , were

at anchor . S i r Robert S h i r ley’s sh ip had sai l ed for Sumat ra two

mon th s before Wi th i ngton se t ou t to find her .

J une 7 . A t reaty concluded be tween the Portuguese and

Jahangi r,the mai n obj ec t be i ng th e expu l s i on of the Engl i sh and

Du tch . Spai n and Portugal , h i therto separate as regards colon ialcommerce, un i te agai n s t th ei r r i val .

Ju ly . Lou i s X I I I . o f France gran t s l et ters paten t to a ( th i rd)French Company to trade to the I nd ie s u nder the j oin t ausp icesof two con tend ing par t ies .

Aug . Sul tan Khurram appoi n ts h i s favouri te,Z ulaqar Khan ,

to succeed Muqarrab Khan as Governor of Surat. Sul tan

Khurram avowedly favours the Portuguese . Sep t . Zu l faqar

Khan concludes a t reaty wi th th e Portuguese Governor of

Daman .

Sep t . 1 8. S i r Thomas Roe,ambassador from James I . to

Jahangi r,arr ives at Swal ly Roads . Oct . 30 , l eaves for Agra,

arr iv i ng at Ajm ir on Dec . 2 3. He accompan i es the emperor toMandt

‘

t and Gujarat .

Oct . Aldworth , the Engl i sh factor, d ies at Ahmadabad '

Kerr idge succeeds t i l l 1 6 2 3.

Oct . 3. A Portuguese exped i t ion for the conquest of Arakan

en ters the A rakan r iver u nder Dom Franc i sco de Menezes .

Oc t . 1 5, the Raja, aided by some Du tch vessel s, makes an

i ndeci s ive at tack . Nov .

,the p i rate Gonzale s of Sandwip j o i n s

h im,and on Nov. 1 5 a con tes t takes place i n wh i ch Menezes i s

k i l led,and the en terpri se i s then abandoned .

A Portuguese squadron defeats an Ach inese flee t at Malacca,

bu t i s i n turn defeated by some Du tch vessel s . A nat i ve se t t l e

ment and for t at S . Thome are compel led to capi tulate to thePortuguese.

The fi nances o f Portuguese I nd ia bei ng un sat i s factory,

commands and h igh pos i t i ons are pu t up for sal e . Th i s causes

general d i s sat i sfact ion .

The Surat factors,at th e suggest ion of Richard S teel , at tempt

to open up trade wi th Pers ia.

JAHANGI R . 73

an. 1 0 . S i r Thomas Roe, received by Jahangi r i n Darbar,

March 2 6,presen t s to Jahangi r his n ineteen ar t i c les of Am i ty

,

Commerce,and I n tercourse, regard ing wh ich some concess ion s

are granted in September,bu t n ot ful l assen t .

Feb . Capt . Keel inge con st i tutes Su rat as the head Engl ish

fac tory i n the Mughal’s dom in ion s .

Feb . 2 8 . A cou rtmar t ial held on board the “ Char les i n

Swally Roads on Gregory Lel l ington for the m urder of Hen ry

Bar ton , gen t leman—the earl ies t j ud ic ial p roceedi ng on recordof the Engl i sh i n I nd ia.

March 8. Cap t . Keel inge hav i ng been i nv i ted to theZ amorin

’

s camp at Cal icu t,concl udes a t reaty wi th h im agai n s t

the Portuguese to regai n Cranganor. March 1 0,h i s sh ips sai l

,

l eavi ng ten factors who found the Engl i sh sett l emen t at Cal i cu t ,but meet w i th i l l-t reatmen t from the nat i ves .

H . 1 0 2 5. Pr i nce Khurram (Shahjahan) declared he i r apparen t,and sen t to the Dekhan to reconquer the terr i tory al i enated

by Mal ik ‘Ambar .Apri l 2 7. S i r Thomas Roe wri tes to the Rev . Wil l iam Lescke

,

chaplai n at Surat fac tory—the earl i es t ex tan t re ference to a

Company’s chaplai n . Henry Lord leave s one of the sh ips to

be chaplai n on shore . He becomes an au thor i ty on the l i terature,

cosmogony,and my thology of th e nat ive races, and i s au thor

of “ A D iscoverie of the Sec t of the Ban ians .”

Rohan , one of the ten Banda i s les, i s ceded to the B ri t i sh .

I n Ceylon,Manuel Mascarenhas , wi th a Por tuguese and

nat i ve army,marches agai n s t the Ki ng of Kandy , bu rn s al l in

the way to Babule, and re turn s to Su fragam . The people at

Tompane are put to the sword .

Aug . 2 . Van den B roeck , fi rs t Dutchman to at tempt t rade

at Surat,is favourably rece ived , bu t n ot perm i tted to es tabl i sh

a factory .

Aug. Capt . Nicholas Downton d ies at Ban tam .

Two sh ips,under Beau l ieu and De Ne ts , l eave France for the

I ndies .

The fi rs t Dan i sh sh ip arr i ves i n I nd ia, and is wrecked off

Tranquebar . Tranquebar w ith land 5 m i le s i n leng th by 3 m i les

74 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA.

b road i s acqu ired at a ren t of rupees per annum , pai d tothe Raja of Tanj or.

The Ma’asz

'

r-z'

or Memoirs of ‘Abdu r Rahim Khan ,Khan Khanan

,and of th e i l lu st ri ous nobles and poe t s of Akbar’s

court, completed .

‘A bdul Baq i,th e au thor, died abou t 1 642 .

March : Rabi‘I . , H . 1 0 2 6 . Pr i nce Khurram en ters the Dekhan,

and detaches the B ijapt‘

tr k ing from the confederacy,whereon

Mal i k ‘Ambar makes peace on the par t of th e N izam Shah ,res tores Ahmadnagar and th e reconquered terr i tory . On Oct . 1 1

Shawwal 1 1 , the pri nce re turn s to Manda, where he rece i ves thet i t l e of Shahjahan .

March . A t ri pl e exped i t i on from G oa to Ceylon secures

subm i ss ion at Su fragam,A l i kur

,and Butale . Peace conc luded

wi th the King of Pandar . A S inghal e se, N ikapeti, personates the

late k i ng, and ral l ie s the people, bu t i s pu t t o fl igh t by the

Por tuguese .

Raja Wodiyar of Mai sur d ies,havi ng reun i ted under h i s ru le

the lands d iv ided by Bettada Chama Raja. His son, Chama

Raja,succeeds, and acqu i res new

‘di s tr i c ts .

A n ambassador from S iam offers the Por tuguese Martaban

por t and a s i te for a fort . Friar Franc i sco re tu rns w i th h im to

arrange term s of t reaty .

Dom Joao de Cou ti nho,Conde de Redonde, succeeds Dom

H ierome de Azevedo as Viceroy . War at Mangalor now i n

progress . The di s tr ic t i s pu t u nder Por tuguese con tro l . Banguel

for t i s se i zed,and the town burn t by a nat i ve force . Anriques,

i n revenge,at tacks Ul lala

,bu t has to re t i re w i th loss .

May 2 4. King James I . gran ts to S ir James Cunn ingham of

Glengarnock le t ters paten t under th e Great Seal o f Scot land,

appo in t i ng h im , h i s hei rs, and ass ign s to be governors, ru lers,and d i rec tors of the Scot t i sh Eas t I nd ia Company . Th i s paten t

was subsequen tly ass igned by S i r James Cunn ingham to theLondon Company.

J u ly 1 0 . A Dutch sh ip is wrecked on the coas t near Surat ;the merchan t s are al lowed to d i spose of the cargo i n the c i ty .

Thi s p roves the begi nn ing of Dutch trade i n Gujarat . A factory

i s es tabl ished al so at Ahmadabad .

JAHAN GI R . 75

A . D .

1 6 1 7 Second “ Joi n t S tock of the E . I . Company formed at

London amoun ted to

Dec . Tom Coryat,th e au thor of “ Coryate’s Crud i t ie s, d ies

at Surat .

Jan. Engl i sh factori es i n the Mughal’s dom i n ion s now number

five : Agra, Ahmadabad , Burhanpu r, Bharoch , and Surat . Those

i n Eas t I ndia w ere : Masu l ipatam and Peddapol i (Nizampatam ) .These were con trol led from Ban tam .

Lu i z de B ri to e Mel lo and Dom Franci sco de MirandaAnriques, wi th 1 80 men and 60 s laves

,k i l led by a Kanarese

force under Venkata Nayyak .

An embassy i s sen t by the Portuguese to Jahangi r, whoremoves the d i sab i l i t ie s on th e flee t

,and forbear s to make war

on Daman and D i t‘

I as con templated .

On the Tartar i nvas i on of Ch ina, a Portuguese force is

despatched from G oa to aid the Mandar i n s .

An exped i t i on to Ceylon agai n s t the Madane, undertaken by

Constan t i ne da Sa e Noronha, resul ts i n the overth row of the

nat ives and the death of the Pr i nce of Uva. The K ing of

Jafnapatam ,suspec ted of compl ic i ty

,i s cap tured , whereon th e

Madune al so capi tu lates .

Aug . On the represen tat i on s of a Du tchman,Marcel l is de

Boschhauwer,i t i s resolved to found a Dan i sh colony i n Ceylon .

The “ Oeresund”is sen t under ano ther Du tchman , R oelant

Crape,to i n t imate to the King of Kandy that a flee t fol lowed .

A t tacked on the Coromandel coas t by Andrea Bo telho da Costa,he i s dr iven ashore at Tanj or, where the Nayyak rece i ves h im .

Nov .

,the mai n fleet under Gule G jedde leaves .

Sept . : Ramazan,H . 1 0 2 7. Jahangi r leaves Gujarat, after a

soj ourn of nearly a year.

Sept . S i r Thomas Roe leaves Ahmadabad for Surat, havi ng

ob tai n ed farmam su ffic i en t to set the Engl i sh on a be t ter foo t i ngi n I nd ia than e i ther the Portuguese or the Dutch .

Dispu tes ar i se be tween the Du tch and Engl i sh compan ies for

excl us i ve t rade wi th the Spice I slands . The Du tch E . I . Co .

complai n to King James of England of the i n terference of the

London Co . wi th the nat i ves of Ban tam and the Sp ice I s lands .

I n reply the London Co . i nstance the v iolence and oppress ion

THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

exper ienced from the Dutch at Ban tam ,Tidor

,Polart

'

tn, and

Amboyna.

Nov . 3 : Z i—l qa‘da 1 5, 1 0 2 7 H .

‘A lamgi r su rnamed Abul-ZafarMuh i—ud-di n Muhammad A urangz i b , th i rd son of the Emperor

Shahjahan,born at Dohad , on Jahangi r

’s march from Gujara tto Ujjai n

,h is mo ther bei ng Arj umand Bant

'

t surnamed MumtazMahal l .

Nov . 1 9 . The remai n i ng five sh ips of a flee t under JohnJou rdai n and S i r Thomas Dal e arr i ve at Ban tam and fi nd the

posi t i on of th e Engl i sh i n the Bandas alm os t desperate owing tothe at t i tude of the Dutch . Nov . a large Du tch sh ip , th e“ Black Li on

,

” captured by the Engl i sh and held as a hos tagefor the redress of Engl i sh gr ievances . She i s acc iden tal ly destroyed

by fi re ; and the Du tch i n revenge des troy the Engl i sh fac tory at

Jakkatra (Batav ia) . Dec . an i ndec i s ive ac t i on be tween the

flee t s takes p lace .

Capt . Shill inge of the“ Ann ob tai n s a t rading gran t from

the Governor of Mokha.

H . 1 0 2 8 . Shah Beg,Khan Dauran res ign s the governmen t of

Afghan i s tan , and i s appo i n ted to That ta, bu t res igns the same

year ow ing to the i l l-feel i ng of A saf Khan : he gets Khushab

Pargana as pen s i on .

Jan. 2 2 . S i r Thomas Dal e, the Engl ish commodore, bes i eges

the Dutch for t at Jakkatra, bu t abandons the s iege on the i n t i ma

t i o n o f the Panjaram that the for t mus t be del i vered to h im .

Feb . 1 7. S i r Thomas Roe re turn i ng, sai l s from Su rat .

Apri l 1 6 : S . 1 6 75. Satrunjaya Jai na i n scr ip t i on of th e re ign

of Jahangi r .

Apr i l 2 2 . The E . I . Co .

’s fleet under Capt . Jonas Lancaster

sai l s to Ach i n and conc l udes a commerc ial treaty w i th the ch ie f.

J une . Dal e and Pri ng leave Banda andanchor off Masu l ipatam ,

where S i r T . Dal e d i es,Aug . 1 8.

Ju ly 1 7 . The “ Treaty of Defence to preven t d i spu tes

be tween the Engl i sh and Dutch compan ies i s rat ified , by wh ich

the Engl i sh are al lowed to share i n the pepper t rade of Java and

i n that of Pal ikat,and to hold a th i rd of the Molucca and Banda

t rade . But s t ri fe con t i nues as b i t terly as ever .

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TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

Raghunath Nayyaka of Tanj or the cess ion o f the port of Tran

quebar. A for t i s bu i l t and Hendri k Hess is left i n charge with

twen ty of a garr i son .

Dec . 2 8. The Engl i sh East I nd ia Company’s sh i ps defeat a

Portuguese fl eet of twen ty-one sai l u nder Admi ral Ruy Frere,at tack i ng them near Jask i n Pers ia. The Engl i sh commodore

,

Cap t . Shi ll inge, i s mortal ly wounded .

The Persians seek the ass i s tance of the Engl i sh agai n st thePor tuguese aggress i on s James I . wri tes i n March to Shah‘Abbasthank ing hi m for pas t favours and reques t i ng the con t i n uance of

pro tect ion .

H . 1 0 30 . Dis turbances are renewed i n the Dekhan : Shahjahan

defeat s Mal i k ‘Ambar, whereupon the Mara thas desert to th e

Mughal s,and the i r l eaders obtai n pos ts of d i s t i n c t i on .

March . Patna i s devastated by fi re . The Engl i sh fac tors wi th

the i r goods are saved, bu t thei r h ou se i s burn t .

Muqarrab Khan i s trans ferred from B ihar to Agra, and i s

s ucceeded as governor by Pr ince Parwi z,who ev icts the fac tors

from the i r h ouse to accommodate part of h i s ret i n ue . The Patnafactory

,owi ng to the expense o f t rans i t

,i s rel i nqu i shed and th e

factors move to Agra.

Apri l 2 9 . Dom Affon so de Noronha i s appo inted V i ceroy at

G oa. O f ten sh ips wh ich leave L i sbon,n i ne are dr iven back .

The I nd ian flee t founders,excep t one sh ip ; and to resusc i tate

the ru i ned navy, large sub s id i es are exacted .

Karna Rana succeeds Amara Rana of Udaypu r.

Nov . 1 5 : Muharram 1,H . 1 0 3 1 . Kangra fort capi tulates to

the imper ial t r0 0 ps .

NurJahan wi thdraws her support from Shahjahan and bet roth s

her daugh ter to Shahryar .

Nov . On the capture of Qandahar by Shah Abbas of Persia,Shahjahan refuses to proceed fo r i ts recap ture

,wh ereon h i s j agz

’

rs

and t roops are t ransferred to his brother Shah ryar .

The Dutch take Bah ia. I n spi te o f an ex i s t i ng treaty ofdefence the Dutch expel the Engl i sh from Ban tam .

Jan. 2 2 . The Engl i sh fl ee t anchor off O rmuz,and, for the

fi rst t ime, ass i s t the Pers ians i n expel l i ng the Portuguese.

JAHANGI R . 79

Jan. 2 6 : Rabi ‘I . 1 3, H . 1 0 3 1 . Sultan_

Khusro d ies i n the

Dekhan—s trangled , accord i ng to th e Ma’

asz'

r Qutb S/za’

fiZ,by a

man named Raza,under orders from Shahjahan .

Feb . 1 . Ruy Fr iere su rrenders at Kishm . Feb . 9, theEngl i sh and Pers ians attack Orm uz, wh ich surrenders on May 2 2

the Portuguese populat i on are sen t to Maskat . The Engl i sh

res ign thei r share i n the captu re for a moiety of the customs of

the port of Gombrt'

I n and certai n commerc ial pr i v i leges i n the

Pers ian Gulf.

May9 : J umada I I . 2 7. Shahjahan proclaim s h im sel f Emperor

of H industan,marches on Dehl i , whence, on defeat, he flees to

the Dekhan . Defeated agai n by Parwi z and Mahabat Khan,he

ral l i es at Golkonda and i nvades O r i s sa, whose governor, A hmad

Beg,retreats . Shahjahan captu res Bardhwan, and recru i t s h i s

army .

H . 1 0 3 1 . Su ltan Dawar Bakh sh,son of Su l tan Khusro

,

s i x teenth Viceroy of Gujarat, wi th Muhammad Safi as min i s ter .Shahjahan appoin ts ‘Abdul lah Khan Bahadur Fi raz Jang, w i thKhwaja Sara‘Abdul lah Khan as mi n i s ter.Shah ‘Abbas agai n captu res Qandahar, wh ich remai n s i n

possess ion of Per sia t i l l 1 637.

Aug. 2 7 . The Engl i sh wi thdraw the i r factory from Pal ikat.

James I . au thori ses the E L Company to chas t i se all Engl i shperson s res id i ng i n I nd ia

,who shou ld comm i t m i sdemeanours .

Sept . Dom Franci sco da Gama, Conde de Vidigue i ra, Viceroy

of Portuguese I nd ia t i l l 1 6 2 7.

Meng Khamaung of Burma d ies . His son succeeds as Thiri

ThudhammaRaja, t i l l 1 638.

Jan. Three Engl i sh and fou r Dutch sh ips b lockade G oaunopposed t i l l March .

Feb . 1 7. TheDutch i n Amboyna, under Harman van Speult,

se i ze Capt . Towerson with n i ne Engl i shmen of the fac tory, n i ne

Japanese,and a Portuguese sai lor ; they are accu sed of conspi ri ng

to expel th e Dutch garri son—tortured at the i r t r ial,they are

summar i ly execu ted . For th i s i nhuman act the Dutch were

afterwards compel led by Cromwel l to pay 5 to the relat i ves

of the sufferers . The two nat i on s had j o i n t ly shared i n the pepper

80 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA .

t rade of Java,bu t now the Dutch monopol i se the t rade of th e

Arch ipelago t i l l 1 79 3.

H . 1 0 32 . Shajahan marches from the Dekhan for A gra. Hisarmy, under Darab Khan , son of

‘Abdu l Rah im Khan Khanan ,i s defeated at B iluchpur. He then re t i res to Manda, and PrinceParw i z and Mahabat Khan are sen t after h im

,and th e lat ter ge t s

many of h i s fol lowers to deser t . Shahjahan crosses the Narbada,

burns the boats , and occup ies Asi rgadh and Burhanpur ; theKhan Khanan then desert s , and Shahjahan escapes i n to G olkonda

terr i tory .

Tirumala Nayyaka succeeds V irappa of Madura. He

di scon ti nues the nom inal al leg iance h i ther to paid to Vijayanagar .

June . King James I . and the Duke of Buck ingham clai m a

share of the pri ze money taken at O rmuz,and pend ing negotia

t i on s detai n the Eas t I nd ia fl eet in arrest at Ti lbu ry . The

Company compound,by pay ing to the duke

,and

are ordered to pay to the k i ng .

Thomas R astel l succeeds Kerr idge as Pres iden t o f the Su rat

factory , t i l l 1 6 2 6 .

Oct 2 3. Tul s i Das, Mara th i poe t,di es ( some say

Pietro del la Val l e,cal led I l Pel legri n o

,

”a Roman patr i c ian

of l i terary at tai nmen ts,v i s i t s Su rat

,and proceeds to I kkeri, i n

Vijayanagar. He wrote ske tches of h i s t ravel s,publ i shed at

Rome, 1 650 .

Sai f Khan (Muhammad Safi) seven teen th Viceroy of Gujara t,act i ng t i l l 1 6 2 7.

J u ly 2 9 . Capt . Swan takes posses s ion of Lagund i i n the

Sunda Strai ts .

The Engl i sh Company obtai n s perm i ss ion to pun i sh i t s

servan ts by mart ial as wel l as munici pal law, i s i nvested w i th

powers of governmen t .

The Engl i sh,owi ng to the Du tch oppos i t i on

,wi thdraw nearly

al l thei r factori es from the Eas tern Arch ipelago, Java, S iam and

th e Malay pen i n su la. Some of th e factors and agen ts set tle on

the i s land of Lagund i .

H . 1 0 33. Shahjahan i nvades O r i s sa, defeats the Governor

of Bengal at Terriagarhi , and mas ters the prov i nce . Defeated

JA HA NG I R . 8 1

by the imper ial army,he sends h i s fam i ly to Roh tas

,and re treats

to the Dekhan , H . 1 0 34 .

Oct -Nov . Mal ik ‘Ambar j o i n s Shahjahan i n the s i ege ofBurhanpur . The si ege

,however

,i s rai sed .

Abou t th i s t ime,the Jesu i ts

,under Rober t de Nob i l i

,es tab l i sh

thei r m i ss ion i n Madura.

The Danes oppose Engl i sh t rade i n Tanj or . Tranquebarbecomes the property of the King of Denmark

,to whom the

Company owed money .

H . 1 0 34. Shahjahan offers submi ss ion to h i s father and i s

pardoned . H is son s,Dara Shikoh and Aurangz i b , are sen t to

cour t as hos tages .

Feb . The Engl i sh obtai n a gran t of ground from the Raja of

Venkatagi r i for a se t t lemen t at Armugam or D ugarajapatnam ,

35 mi les nor th of Palikat. Du tch persecu t ion fol lows them

th i ther .

May 3 1 . The Engl ish Company’s servants abandon Lagund iI s land i n the Sunda S t rai t s owing to i ts unheal th ines s, and return

to Batav ia.

Ko ta State is severed from Bandi , and becomes a rajash ip

under Madhu S ingh .

The Portuguese revenue at Goa and i n Bengal i s mater ial ly

decreased by smuggl ing .

Nov . 7 Safar 6 , H . 1 0 35. Pr i nce Parwi z d i es i n the Dekhan .

H. 1 0 35. Khan Asad Khan succeeded i n the governmen t of

Bengal by Mukarram Khan ,—drowned 1 6 2 6 .

The Dutch are said to have fi rst set t l ed i n B engal th i s year,the i r factory be i ng at Chin sura. Harman van Speul t, Governor

of Batav ia, i s appo in ted Dutch Governor at Surat .

Mahabat Khan i ncurs the hatred of N t‘

I r Jahan , and i s

summoned to court . He compl ies, bu t arr ives w i th

Rajputs .

March : Jumada H . 1 0 35. Mahabat Khan , i n tr igued

agai n s t by Nur Jahan , s iezes the emperor at h i s camp on the

Jehlam . The fol lowing day N t‘

tr Jahan , i n an at tempt to recoverher hu sband , i s defeated wi th great l os s and j o in s h im i n

capti v i ty for six mon th s .

6

82 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF IN D I A .

H . 1 0 35. Mal ik ‘Ambar Habsh i d ie s i n the eigh t i e th year ofh i s age, and i s succeeded by h i s son Fath Khan as m in is ter i n

the Dekhan .

Sep t . By means of N t‘

tr Jaban’s schem i ng Jahangi r i s rescued

at a muster of her con t i ngen t .

Mahabat Khan i s pardoned on releas ing‘Asaf Khan , t r

Jaban ’s brother, and i s sen t agai n s t Shahjahan who i s agai n i n

rebel l i on,and owing to deser t i on s i n his arm y has fled from

A jm ir to That ta. Mahabat Khan hav i ng agai n come to a rup turewi th the emperor

,Shahjahan passes th rough Gujara t to the

Dekhan, and is th ere j o ined soon after by Mahabat .

H . 1 0 36 . I brah im‘Adi l Shah I I . of Bijapi trd ies . Muhammadhis son succeed s .

Nov . 1 7. Si r Thomas Herber t v i s i t s Goa. Nov . 2 9 , touchesat Swal ly, and i s hosp i tably received at Surat—h i s “ Travel s ”

publ i shed 1 634. Mr Wyld succeeds Thomas R astell as Pres iden tof the Surat factory .

H . 1 0 36 . The A zzfa‘w Z-A k/zbar of Muhammad Am i n is

fi n i shed .

Van Speult, Dutch general at Surat , coerces the Engl i sh toj o i n i n an exped i t i on agai n s t the Portuguese at Mokha and

Bombay . Van Speult dies off Mokha, and his successor re fu ses

ass i s tance to form an es tab l i shmen t i n Bombay .

H . 1 0 36 . Nawab Fidai Khan i s appo in ted Governor .of Bengal .

May 6 . S i vaj i,son of Shahj i Bhonsla

,born at Sivaner

,J un nar .

Dom Franci sco de B ri to,B i shop of Coch i n

,succeeds the

Conde de Vid iguei ra as Viceroy at G oa. Vexat ious charges arerai sed on h i s re tu rn agai n s t De Vidiguei ra.

I n con sequence of the necess i t i es of the State,orders are

i s sued l im i t ing the appoi n tmen t-dowr ies o f Portuguese orphan gi r l s

to three years . Monast i c i ns t i tu t i on s ordered to be reduced .

H . 1 0 37. Karna Rana of Udaypur d ies . His son, Jagat S ingh

succeeds .

Nov . 8 : Safar 2 8,H . 1 0 37. After a re ign of 2 2 l unar years

8 mon ths and 1 5 days, Jahangi r d ies i n camp at Rajaur on h i sway from Kashm i r to Lahor, at the age of s i x ty .

‘Asaf Khan,wh i le

favouri ng Shahjahan,puts forward Dawar Bakhsh , son of Pri nce

Khusro . Shahryar, favoured by N t‘

tr Jahan,i s al so p roclaimed

A . D .

1 6 2 7

1 6 2 8

1 6 2 9

SHAHJAHA N . 83

king. Thei r forces meet near Lahor,when Shahryar

’

s troops

are routed .

Feb . Jumada I . , H . 1 0 37 . Prince Dawar Bakhsh,h i s

brother Garshasp, Pr i nce Shah ryar, wi th the sons of P ri nce Danyal ,are pu t to death . (Elph i ns tone says Dawar escaped to Pers ia. )

SHAHJAHAN .

Feb . 1 4 : J umada I I . 8, H . 1 0 37. Shahjahan arr i ves at Agra,and ascends the th rone .

March .

‘Asaf Khan , thei r maternal grandfath er , removes DaraShikoh and Alamgi r from the care of NM Jahan and sends themto the i r fath er at Lahor .

Khan Jahan Lod i , Governor of th e Dekhan , gives up Balaghatto the N izam -ul-Mulk

,and h imsel f asp ires to i ndependence at

Manda. On subm i s s ion,however, he i s rece ived at court .

Mahadhamma Raja of B urma d ies—the resu l t of an obscureconsp iracy . A bro ther of the late King Thado-dhamma Rajaovercomes a r i val fact ion and succeeds .

The King of Kandy declare s war 0 11 the Portuguese i n con

sequence of th e erec t i on of a fort at Bat t i kal oa. Franc i sco de

Noronha defeats th e S i nghal ese,and en ters, burn s anddest roys the

c i ty .

Sept . 2 7. Masul ipatam factory abandoned by the Engl i sh,

owing to the opp ress i on of the nat ive governor, for D ugarajapatnam where a factory bu i l t and named Armugam now mounted

twelve guns .

The Engl i sh pres iden t and counci l at Batavia move to Ban tam,

letters hav ing been exchanged be tween K ing Char les I . and th e

Ki ng of Ban tam .

Dom Franc i sco de Mascarenhas, viceroy-elec t, i s forced to

return to L i sbon after saihng. The Conde de L i nhares is now

nom inated Viceroy .

A pr i l 5. Shahjahan gran t s an add i t i onalfarman to th e Engl i shat Surat, authori s i ng them to make repr isal s on the Portuguese

sh ips w i th i n h i s dom in ion s .

Oct 5. The London Company’s Charter i s renewed w i th the

THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA .

addi t i onal r igh t to expor t per annum i n s i lver and

i n gold .

Nov . Rabi‘I .,H . 1 0 39 . A‘zam Khan

,wi th an im per ial army

,

pursues Khan Jahan Lod i to the Dekhan . The K ing of Bijapti r

hold ingal oof, and the King o f Ahmadnagar be ing defeated afte r

an unsuccess fu l act ion near B ir,Khan Jahan takes fl igh t to the

Panjab .

Shah j i Bhonsla, son of Jadhav Rai , j o i n s A‘zam Khan , and

receives a command i n the imperial army .

The Portuguese en voy at Ach i n i s impr i soned,and Malacca

i nves ted . I n September a flee t l eaves G oa, anchori ngat Malacca,

Oc t . 2 2 . After several encoun ters,the Portuguese rou t the

bes i egers fi nal ly on Dec . 4 . Botel lo,after repel l i ng a Du tch

at tack,i s k ill ed by the blowing up of the enemy

’s vessel at

Jakkatra (Batav ia).

Dec . 2 4 : Jumada I . 8 . Baqi r Khan as sau l t s and takes Man

surgarh for t .

H . 1 0 39 . The rai n s of 1 6 2 9 hav ing fai led i n the Dekhan ,famine and pes t i lence break ou t, duri ng wh ich war is p rosecu tedwi th Murtaz a N izam Shah of Ahmadnagar .

March 1 5. A Company of Commerce i s es tabl i shed by the

Por tuguese i n im i tat io n of the Engl i sh and Dutch,but is a total

fai l ure, not one pr ivate i nd iv idual s uppor t i ng i t . A bol i shed i n

1 633.

Dom Cons tan t i ne de Sa e Noronha, prepar i ng to at tack Uva,

now the seat of the S inghal ese governmen t , i s deserted by thenat i ve sold iers and k i l led i n the r i s i ng . Colombo i s bes ieged ,and great m i sery su ffered by the townsmen .

Sep t . 30 . A let ter from the Surat factors to the Agra fac tors

of th i s date i s the ear l i es t extan t documen t i n the Record Office .

Sep t . The Portuguese flee t,under Dom Franci sco Cou t i nho,

attacks the Engl i sh sh ips off Swal ly, the Engl i sh hav i ng the

advan tage . Frequen t sk i rm i shes fol low and an at temp t is made

to fi re the Engl i sh sh ips,wh ich

,however, succeed i n land ing thei r

cargoes .

The pres idency at Ban tam is now reduced to an agency sub

ord inate to Surat . Rice and sugar-cane supersede pepper as

art i c les of cu l t ivat i on .

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86 TI I E CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

es tabl ish ed fort ified defences at thei r own expen se and had wagedwar agai n s t Por tuguese sea captai n s

,bes ides hold i ng treasonab le

commun icat i on wi th Dutch and nat ives .

The th i rd j o i n t stock of the London Co . formed,amoun ti ng

to

Great famine i n Gujara t,known as the Satiasio KaI , or fam ine

of Samvat 1 687.

Jan. 5. Dom Jorge de Almeida renews the campaign i nCeylon : and by a ser i es of v i ctor i es by sea and land becomes

mas ter of the forts of Manieravare,Sufragam , Malvana

,Kal utara

,

and Matara.

Feb . Sha‘ban,H . 1 0 6 1 . Shahjahan orders Qas im Yar Khan

to des troy the Portuguese set tlemen t at H t'

tgl i , because nat i ve s

were forced to Cathol ic i sm .

June 1 9 Z i—l hijja 2 . The Mughal s under Qasim’

s son‘I nayatu l lah and A l lah Yar Khan at tack the Portuguese at Hugl i .

They are hemmed i n by a br idge o f boats farther down the ri ver .Sept . 30 : Rab i‘I . 1 4, H . 1 0 42 . H t

‘

tgl i i s carr i ed by storm after

three and a hal f mon ths’ s i ege, and men , women , and

ch i ldren are k i l led and of both sexes taken p ri soners .

Oct . : Rabi‘I .,H . 1 0 42 . Qasi m Khan , Governor of Bengal ,

dies . A‘z im Khan succeeds .Sher Khan

,Governor of Gujarat , d ies . I s lam Khan i s

appoi n ted n i neteen th V iceroy wi th Khwaja Jahan as m in i ster .

The governmen t of th i s provi nce becomes lax and Baqi r Khan

succeeds as twen t i e th Viceroy t i l l 1 633.

Rai S ingh of B ikanir d ies , and Karan h i s son succeeds .

Galna fort (Nasik d i s tr ic t) i s su rrendered by the governor,Mahm t

'

td Khan,to the emperor’s represen tat i ves

,i n expectat i on of

a large reward . He had fi rst i n tended to del iver i t to ShahujiBhonsla.

Shahjahan orders the destruc t i on of H indu temples recen t lybegun , and seven ty-s i x are razed at Benares .

I n Portuguese I nd ia the monks flour ish amid the dest i tu t ion

of the army . The sold i ers become monks and of men sen tou t on l y 50 0 are found for s erv i ce .

Nov . The Engl i sh factors at Armugam obtai n a fan /ran from

SHA I I JA I I A N . 87

the K ing of Golkonda, au thori s i ng them to re-establ i sh thei r factory

at Masul ipatam and rem it t i ng the former heavy duties .

March 1 3 : Ramazan I,H . 1 0 42 . Mahabat Khan , Khan

Khanan i nves ts Daulatabad fort,wh ich i n spi te of several efforts

of Shah j i Bhonsla to rel ieve i t,i s final ly su rrendered by Fath

Khan,J une 2 8 : Z i - l hijja 1 9 . Fath Khan becomes a pens ioner

of the emperor and Husai n N i z am Shah i s impr i soned at Gwal iar.

March 2 2 . John Norr i s, agen t at Masu l ipatam ,resolves to send

two merchan t s to Bengal to set tl e a factory . Apr i l 6,Wil l iam

Bru ton wi th the par ty leaves Masul ipatam,land ing at Har i shpu r

garh . They are at tacked by the Por tuguese,bu t rescued by the

nat i ve s . May 3. Perm i ss i on i s obtai ned from the Nawab of

Malkandi to trade duty free off or on the shore i n the country ”

of Ori ssa. Mr Car twrigh t trave ls on to Balasor, l eavi ng a par ty

to bu i ld a factory at Har i harpur .

Apri l 1 5. The Portuguese and S inghal ese conclude a t reaty ,d ivid i ng the k ingdom in to th ree—the Por tuguese to hold

Bat t ikal oa and to dec ide on war and peace . The secur i ty of the

Portuguese i n I nd ia general ly i s n ow more uncertai n than ever .

J u ly 1 8 Muharram 1 1,H . 1 0 43. The Chr i s t ian pr i soners

from H t‘

tgli b rough t before the emperor . Some accep t I s lam and

are l iberated ; mos t, refusi ng, are cas t i n to pr i son .

The Portuguese V iceroy of G oa reports t o the k ing the arrival

o f French vessel s i n I nd ian seas . The Dutch obstruc t Portuguese

t rade at Malacca.

May 30 : Z i—l hijja 3, H . 1 0 43. Mahabat Khan,havi ng fai led

to take Parenda (Nald urg d i s t r ic t), i s recal l ed , and the commandvested i n Khan Dau ran and Khan Zaman , bu t they fai l , and

re treat .

H . 1 0 44. Jaj har S i ngh Bundela and h is son,B ikramaj tt, rebel .

The lat ter,defeated at Ash ta by Khan Zaman , j oi n s h i s father

i n D ham t’

tni . The im per ial t roops at tack Urchha wh ich,on

Nov . 2 2 Jumada I I . 2 i s carr ied by escalade . Jaj har retreats to

Chauragarh where, by an explos ion ,‘A l i Ashgar and 30 0 men

of the imper ial army peri sh . Jaj har agai n escapes, bu t, wi th h i s

son,i s s ubsequent ly ki l led by the Gonds .

H . 1 0 44. The peacock th rone of Deh l i fin i shed ; i t cos t

seven years’ work and 1 0 0 lakh s of rupees .

88 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA.

Feb . 2 . Shahjahan gran ts a far/nan to the Engl i sh Co . to

trade i n B engal , the sh ips to cal l at P ipl i al one. Thi s i s theearl i es t perm i ss i on given to the Engl i sh to en ter the Ganges .

Mr Norr i s,sen t from Masu l ipatam to open t rade at P ipl i , repor t s

that al l ki nds of provi s i ons for supply i ng the Coromandel factoriescan be purchased i n Bengal .

The Ban tam factory i s res tored to the rank of a pres idencyand the agenc i es on the Coromandel coas t and i n Bengal madesubordi nate to i t .

An Engl i sh fac tory es tabl i shed at V iravasaram ,Godavar i

d i s tr i c t . I t was wi thdrawn i n 1 66 2 , re-es tab l i shed i n 1 677 and

abandoned 1 70 2 .

Jan. 2 0 . An arm i st i ce is concluded be tween the Engl i sh and

Por tuguese by wh ich the Engl i sh are al lowed access to the

Por tuguese port s i n I nd ia,the agreemen t bei ng made at Goa

between the Conde de L i nhares and Mr Methwold , pres iden t ofthe E L Co . The Engl i sh p lan t a se tt l ement at Coch in whence

pepper is for the fi rs t t ime expor ted d i rec t to England .

Owing to wan t of ves sel s at G oa, th e Engl i sh sh ip“ London

1 5 char tered by the Portuguese for a voyage to Ch ina, the people

of Goa eagerly contr ibu ti ng cargo . The Engl i sh con tri ve to do

some trade on thei r own accoun t and prom i se to return the nextyean

Sep t . 2 8. Alamgi r Aurangz i b i s appoi n ted to supreme command

of the forces sen t agai n st Jaj har S ingh Bundela, ch ief of Urchha.

Nov . : Jumada I . , H . 1 0 45. Shahjahan wages successfu l waragai n s t Ahmadnagar and Golkonda bu t fai l s to reduce B i j apur .

A‘zam Khan appoin ted Viceroy of Gujarat,defeat s and makes

tr ibutary Kanj i,a Kol i robber .

Venkatapati Raya of Vijayanagar leagues wi th the Portuguese

for the expu ls ion of the Du tch from Pal ikat,bu t on two occas i on s

fai l s to co—operate .

Nov . Pedro da S i lva arr i ves at G oa as Viceroy,t i l l 1 639 .

Dec . 1 2 . Charles I . gives a l i ce nce to a r i val t rad ing associat i on u nder S i r Wi l l iam Coarten and Endymion Porter, one of theGen t lemen of the Bedchamber

,to t rade to I nd ia for fi ve years

,

i n v iolat i on of the Company’s charter. The E . I . Co .

’s servan t s

i n I nd ia ordered no t to assi s t th e i n terl opers .” Captai n Weddel l

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90

1 638

TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA .

Jan. 2 5. Mr Me thwold,i n a l e t ter to the Viceroy at Goa

,

repud iates con nec t i on w i th Courten’

s Assoc iat i on . The Viceroy

fai l s to comprehend the di st i nc t i on and orders negot iat i on s to

be b roken off. Cap tai n Weddel l,now the leading i n strument

of Courten’

s,fixes agenci es at Goa and Bat t i kal oa

,obtai n s a

gran t for a fac tory at Achi n , and fixes one at Rajapur .

Apri l 2 7 : Z i -l hijja 1, H . 1 0 46 . Aurangz i b re tu rn s from the

Dekhan wi th the Ni zam -ul -Mulk of Ahmadnagar who i s placed

i n cap t i v i ty at Gwaliar,where o ther two Ni zam s were al ready

impri soned .

May 1 9 . Alamgi r A urangz i b i s marri ed to a daugh ter o f Shah

nawaz Khan ; h i s brother, Dara, is marr i ed to h i s cou s i n Nad i ra

the same day.

June . Char les I . , i n sp i te of s trong represen tat i on s from theLondon Company

,i s sues a new gran t to Courten’

s Assoc iat i on ,confi rm i ng former pr i v i l eges . Le t ters are addressed proh i bi t i ng

the old Company’s sh ips from trad ing at any ports where Courten

or h i s agen ts had es tabl i shed t rade .

Chama Raja of Mai su r d i es . His uncle,I mmadi Raja

,succeed s

,

but i s poi soned by the min i s ter after e igh teen mon th s’ re ign .

H . 1 0 47.

‘A li Mardan Khan . Pers ian Governor of Qandahar,

gi ves up the town to Shahjahan’

s army . He i s appoi n ted Am i r-ul

Umara and subsequen t ly made Governor of Kabu l and Kashm i r .

H . 1 0 47. A‘z im Khan recal led from the governmen t o f

Bengal,and cen sured for lax i ty of adm in i s trat i on

,bu t appoi n ted

Governor of Al lahabad . I slam Khan Mashhad i appoin ted Gover

nor of Bengal . Shahj i Bhonsla, ordered by Shahjahan , en ters

the B ijapt‘

tr serv ice and proceeds to Mai su r as second underR andhula Khan .

Oct . 2 6 . The Du tch agai n b lockade Goa t i l l Nov . 2 6,when

they sai l to Basse i n to des troy the shipbu i ld i ng there .

Feb . 2 3 : Newar S . , 757 . I n scr ipt i on at Lal itapattana near

Katmandt‘

t record s the ded icat io n of a temple of Bala Gopala

(Kri shna) by S iddhinrisimhamal la, son of Hariharasimha, son of

Sivasimha, son of Mahendramal la,son of Harisimha.

Jan. 4 . A fu rther figh t off Goa resu l ts i n the loss of two

Dutch sh ip s and one Portuguese .

Jan . 8. The Dutch , requested by th e S inghalese t o help i n

SHAHJA HAN . 9 1

oust i ng the Por tuguese,send th ree sh ips u nder Wi l lem Jacobszoon

Koste r . The Portuguese are defeated near Kandy by RajaSi ngha, al l bei ng k i l led except se ven ty, who are taken cap t i ve .

May 1 1, a j oi n t Du tch and S inghal ese force at tacks Bat t ikaloa

,

whose commander capi tulates on May 1 8.

S . 1 694. Raja Gaj S ingh Rathor, of Marwar, k i l led i n Gujara t .Jaswan t S i ngh , h i s second son , succeeds , Amara bei ng passed

over on accoun t of h i s v i olen t d i spos i t i on .

H . 1 0 47 . The Magh ch ie f o f Chittagaon seeks the protec t ion

of Shahjahan,and is acknowledged as a vassal of the empi re

,

H . 1 0 48. The Assamese i nvade Bengal , bu t are defeated by

I s lam Khan,who fol lows i n to Assam and subdues Kuchh B ihar .

O n h i s re turn he fi nds orders to re turn to cour t . Nawab Sai f

Khan , depu ty for P ri nce Shuja‘,succeeds h im .

Feb . 2 5. Pr i nce Aurangz i b , havi ng i nvaded Baglana, bes ieges

the Raja i n Mulher,who offers terms

,wh ich are accepted

,and

the fort evacuated J un e 1 4. The subj ugat i o n o f the di s t ric t i s

comple ted J uly 1 6 .

March 1 0 . Guru Hargovind dies,havi ng nom i nated h i s

grandson,Har- rai

,as seven th S ikh Gu ru ; he d ied i n 1 660 .

R anadhira Kanthi rava Narasa Raja succeeds I mmadi Raja

Wodeyar i n Mai su r,and avenges the death of the former ru ler .

The Bijapt'

tr army at tack and take Bangalor : Kempe Gauda,the ru l er, recei ves Magadi i n s tead .

An Engl ish p i rate,hav i ng commi t ted acts of robbery on th ree

Portuguese ve ssel s at D i t‘

t,a pun i t i ve exped i t i on i s despatched .

The Engl i sh at Surat refuse sat i sfac t i on , whereon Engl i sh property

at Goa i s se i zed , and Portuguese cargo refu sed to Engl i sh sh ip s .

Nov . 1 5. G oa agai n blockaded by the Du tch ship s t i l l

February,when they sai l to Ceylon .

Courten’s Company opens an agency at Karwar .

Wil l iam Trem len,pres iden t of the Su rat fac tory

,t i l l 1 644.

Dec . 1 : Rajab 1 3, 1 0 48.

‘A li Mardan Khan rece ived at

Lab or, and appo in ted Governor of Kashm i r .

March . Sri Ranga Rayal Raja of Chandragi r i grant s per

m i ss ion,th rough Ayappa Nayyak of Chingalpat, to Franc i s

D ay, ch ief of th e sett lemen t at Armugam ,to bu i ld a for t at

Madraspatnam ,afterward s cal led Chennapatnam by th e nat ives .

9 2 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

Apri l 2 9 : Z i—l hijja 2 5, H . 1 0 48 . The foundat i on s of the fort

at the me t ropol i s of Shahjahanabad are laid—completed May 1 3,

1 648 : Rabi‘I . 2 4, H . 1 0 58 .

H . 1 0 49 . Sul tan Shuja‘made Governor of Bengal ; B ihar i sseparated and placed under command of Shai s ta Khan .

May. Thomas I vy arr ives from Ban tam to take charge o f the

coas t factor ies .

June 2 4. Pedro da S i lva, Viceroy, d ies . Dom Franc i sco,Archb i shop of Goa

,takes charge t i l l Oc t . 4, when An ton i o Te ll es

de Menezes en ters office as governor .

Nine Du tch sh ips sai l u p G oa r iver, and burn , unopposed ,th ree Portuguese gal leon s . Th i s i s the fi rst d i rec t at tack of theDu tch .

Aug. 1 3. An ambassador from th e Nayyak of Madura

prom i ses the for t cal l ed “ U thear,

” undertakes to bu i ld churchesand to aid th e Por tuguese .

Aug . The Du tch take Bat t i kal oa andTrinkomal i .

Dec . 2 9 . Muhammad Sul tan,e ldes t son of Aurangz ib , born

at Mathura . He d ied at Gwaliar,1 665.

Feb . Messrs Cogan and D ay l eave Armugam and arr ive at

Madraspatnam where on March 1 For t S t George i s begun , andfin i shed Apri l 2 3, S t George

’s D ay. The set t lemen t i s cal led

Chennapattnam ,after the Nayyak

’

s b rother.

H . 1 0 50 . The Jam of Nawanagar w i thholds t r ibu te and set s

up a m in t . A‘zam Khan forces paymen t wi th an army and orders

th e m i n t to be closed . The Jam compl i e s .

Dr Bough ton i n t roduces two Engl i sh agen ts to P rince Shuj a‘,

Governor o f Bengal, who g ives encouragemen t to trade and perm i t s

fac tori es at Balasor and H igh.

Feb . 1 9 . The comb ined D u tch fleets captu re Fort N egambo,

Ceylon,bu t sus tai n a defeat at Gal le . March

,j o i n ed by Raja

s i ngha King of Kandy, the Du tch take Gal le ; the for tress of

S t Iago i s s tormed on March 1 3 . A rel i ev ing force under Dom

An ton i o Mascarenhas re takes the for t on Nov . 8.

May. The Dutch,under i n s t ruc t i on s from Van D ieman of

Batavia,i nves t Malacca. J u ly

, a fleet from the K i ng of Johor

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94 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

Richel ieu founds a new Company for trading to the I nd ies .Th is Company di rec ts i t s energ ies to the developmen t ofMadagascar .

Dec . An ed ic t i s passed Open ing trade wi th I ndia to al l

Portuguese subj ects .

March . The Portuguese Comm iss ioners refuse to observe the

arm i s t ice proclai med i n Europe, and hos t i l i t ie s w i th the Dutch

are ren ewed .

June : Rabi‘ H . 1 0 53. Aurangz i b an nounces h i s i n ten t ion

of w i thdrawing from the world as a recl u se,and i s deprived of his

governmen t of the Dekhan , and o f h i s honou rs and i ncome .

Khan Dauran Bahadur Nasrat Jang succeeds . Late r, on thei n tercess ion of h i s s i s ter

,Jahan Ara Begam ,

he i s restored to

favou r and to h i s former rank .

A comm issary , Peter Borel , sen t from the Dutch at Batavia to

Goa to negot iate a t reaty of peace w i th the Portuguese agai n s t the

Engl i sh : the cess i on of Ceylon to the Dutch be ing the bas i s o fthe proj ected treaty

,the n egot iat i ons are broken off and the

blockade of G oa renewed .

Dec . 2 2 . A Dutch fleet appears off Gal le,where the Portuguese

were al ready bes ieged . An engagemen t resu l ts i n a vi cto ry for theDutch .

Jan. 3 . Negambo fortress is taken by the Dutch from the

Portuguese .

H . 1 0 54 .

‘A l i Mardan Khan , wi th Murad Bakh sh,the

emperor’s fourth son, makes a success fu l i nvas i on to recover

Balk h and Badakh shan and to chas t i se Tard i ‘A li Katghan. The

army re turns and l i t t l e resu l ts from the exped i t i on .

J uly 2 5 : J umada I . 6 . Amara Si ngh Ra thor, son of GajS ingh , s tab s th e M ir Bakhsh i , Salabat Khan , i n p resence of th e

emperor at Agra. He i s cu t down at a gate of the fort .

The Bijapti r conques t of Mai su r i s now complete,and a pro

vi nce formed ou t o f the d i str i c ts o f Bangalor, Hoskot, Kolar, DodBalapur, Chi taldurg, and S i ra.

Ju ly 1 0 . The Cou rt o f D i rec tors i n st i tu te an i nqu i ry i n to the

conduc t of Andrew Cogan , agen t at Madras, for the bu i ld i ng ofFort S t George .

SHAI- I JAHA N . 9 5

Franci s Breton appoi n ted pres iden t of the Su rat fac tory,t i l l

h i s death i n 1 649 .

Nov . 1 0 . The treaty of 1 64 1 between the Dutch and

Portuguese recogn i sed at las t at G oa. I n accordance w i th thi s,

Ceylon i s parcel led ou t i n to prov i n ces .

The fi fth (or Colbert’s) French Eas t I nd ia Company is formed .

Jan. Mr Gabr ie l Bough ton , su rgeon of the Hopewel l,

’

sen t to Agra by the Surat Counc i l as surgeon to Shahjahan .

He succeeds in sav ing the l i fe o f the emperor’s favouri te daughter,Pri nces s Jahan Ara Begam

,who had been severely burn t . I n re

ward h e i s gran ted a paten t for h i s coun trymen to trade th roughou t the empi re free of cus toms ; th i s pr iv i lege was ex tended to

the E L Company .

Feb . 2 7 Z i - l hijja 2 9 , H . 1 0 54. Pri nce Aurangz i b is appoin ted

Viceroy of Gujarat,Mu‘iz zul Mulk remai n i ng as m in i s te r . Th i s

peri od i s marked by d ispu tes be tween the H indus and the

Musalmans.

H . 1 0 55. Raja Jagat S i ngh , brother of the Raja of Kota,wi th Rajpu ts i nvades Badakh shan and Bal kh . Pri nce

Murad Bakh sh , wi th‘A l i Mardan Khan i n command

,i s de

spatched th i ther, Z i - l hijja 30 , H . 1 0 55, Feb . 2 8, 1 646 .

Sept . 1 0 . Dom Phi l ippe Mascarenhas,the newly appoin ted

Viceroy, arr i ves at Ceylon and remai n s there a year .

The Taj Mahal at A gra completed by Shahjahan,as the

tomb of Arj umand Banu Begam Mumtaz Mahal , who d ied

i n 1 63 1 .

Nov . 1 5. A Kaul i s granted by Sri Ranga to the Engl i shfactors at Madras

,freei ng them from custom s and gran t i ng them

the admi n i s trat i on of the town .

Cogan’s conduct as Company ’s agen t at Mad ras is vind icated .

Dec . 1 7 Shawwal 2 9 . N ( 1 1 Jahan Begam , widow of Jahangi r,d ies .

Dec . 30 . Dom Ph i l ippe Mascarenhas is i n s tal led as Viceroy atG oa.

Feb . 1 7 : Z i—l hijja 2 9 , H . 1 0 55. Pri nce Murad Bakh sh

,wi th

‘A l i Mardan Khan

,l eaves for Bal kh . J une

,takes Balkh

,

conquers the coun try and puts Nazar Muhammad to fl igh t .

THE CHRONOLOGY OF INDIA .

The Pri nce insrsts on return ing to I nd ia. Sa‘dul lah Khan

replaces h im as govern or, set t l es the p rov i nce, and returnsSep t . 1 6 : Sha‘ban 5, H . 1 0 56 .

Apri l 30 . The Japanese embassy leaves G oa,and win ters at

hI acao .

S i vaj i Bhonsla ob tai n s possess ion o f the s trong fort of Torna,pre tendi ng to hold i t for B ijapt

‘

tr,bu t fortifies i n h i s own i n teres t

the neighbouri ng h i l l of Mhorbudh.

The Golkonda forces take Chandragi r i and Chingalpat. SriRanga Rayal flees to the pro tec t ion of Sivappa Nayyaka of Bednarwho gives h im the governmen t of Sakraypatna i n Kadt

'

tr d is t r i c tof K ing .

Ju ly 3 1 . Emmanuel Barradas,Eth iopian scholar, d i es at Goa.

The King of Por tugal orders a pol icy of conc i l iat i on towards

the nat i ve pr in ces who may be i nduced to figh t the Du tch ; theMald ive ch ief s igns a treaty of vassalage to Por tugal .

Jan. A great fami ne i n Madras .

Jan . 3 1 : Z i—l hijja 2 4, H . 1 0 56 . Pr ince Aurangz i b appoin ted

Governor of Balkh and Badakhshan prov inces . Feb . 2 0 : Mu

barram 1 5, H . 1 0 57, he leaves for his prov ince, then overrun by

U z baks u nder ‘Abdu l ‘Azi z . A pr i l,he reaches Kabul , and

proceeds towards Balkh , i s opposed by th e Uzbaks and A lamans,but arr ives J une 4, and defeat s the arm i es of

‘Abdu l‘Azi z Khan ,the son of the d i spossessed King Nazar Muhammad . Nazar

Muhammad Khan fai l s to get help i n Pers ia. Shahjahan at

length abandons his conques t . Sept . 1 4, Aurangz i b i s recal l ed ,leaves Chalkai , and retu rn s to Kabu l pursued by at tacks of the

Uzbaks . Oct . 3 : Ramazan 4, 1 0 57 H . ,Balkh prov i nce i s t ran s

ferred to Nazar Muhammad .

Shai s ta Khan appoin ted twen ty-e igh th Viceroy of Gujara t,t i l l 1 648.

S ivaj i usurps h i s father’s j agi r, and begi ns predatory exped it i on s by wh ich he ob tai n s posses s ion o f several for t s .

Shah Shuj a‘recal l ed from Bengal . A itkad Khan , a youngerbrother of Shais ta Khan , i s pu t i n h i s place, and Shuja‘i sappoi nted Governor of Kabul .

Courten’

s Company , by coi n i ng counterfe i t pagodas and real s

at Madagascar, brings the Engl i sh i n I nd ia i n to d i srepute.

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THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

before Qandahar,but from lack of engi nes and prov i s ion s, after

an i ndeci s ive bat t l e w i th the Pers ians,Shahjahan w i thdraws

h i s forces and l eaves for H industan ,’

Oct . 2 6 : Ramazan 8.

Pr i nce Shuja‘i s agai n made Governor of Bengal .The B ijapar governmen t se i zes Shahj i Bhonsla as a hos tage

for S ivaj i , who appeal s to Shahjahan . Shahj i i s released,bu t

h i s son renews h i s pol i cy o f aggres s ion .

J u ly 2 1 . Franci s B reton,pres iden t of the Su rat factory

,d ies .

Cap t . Jeremy B lackman succeeds, t i l l 1 655.

Oc t . 2 8. The E l . Co . pet i t i o n the Counc i l of State for an

Act of Parl iamen t i n support of the Eas t I nd ia trade,spec i fy i ng

the i r l osses by Courten’

s Assoc iat i on . Nov . 1 0,the A ssada

Merchants propose to un i te w i th the London Company .

Nov . 2,th i s Un ion i s accompl i shed

,bu t on ly two sh ips are sen t

to I nd ia th i s year .

The Venet ian phys i c ian Manucci arr ives at A gra and res ides

at the court for forty-eigh t years,comp i l i ng memo i rs of the

Mughal sovereign s .

S . 769 : Feb . 2 2 . I n scr ipt i on at Katmandt‘

t of Jayapratapa

malladeva, son of Lakshm inrisimha,son of Hariharasimha,

recording the ded icat ion of a temple bu i l t “ for th e sake of

two queens, R upamati and Rajamati .

Nov . 1 4. The new Company, now des ignated“ The Un i ted

Jo i n t S tock Company,

” pet i t ion Parl iamen t for red res s of

gri evances and compensat ion from the Dutch for the i r ej ect i on

from the Sp ice I s lands .

Dec . 1 4. I n the i n struct i ons to the Balasor factors , Mr

Boughton,su rgeon

,i s men t i oned as l ikely to procure from the

Pri nce,Shah Shuj a‘a farman to “ outstr i p the Dutch i n po i n t

of priv i lege and freedom .

”

The King of Golkonda and th e Nawab M irza Muli cease to

ask for tradi ng passports, thus showing that the Portuguese power

was no longer form idable .

May 3 1 . The new Viceroy hav i ng d ied, a commiss ion of three

Dom Franci sco de Martyres,Anton i o de Sousa Cout i nho, and

Franci sco de Mel lo de Cas tro,takes office at Goa.

Jul y 1 : Rajab 1 2 , H . 1 0 6 1 . An exped i t i on i s appoin ted to

SHAHJAHAN . 99

proceed from Kashm i r to Tibet to subdue a rebel , M i rza Jan , andto capture Fort Skhardu. Aug . 1 5, Sha

‘ban 2 7, i n tel l igence of the

success of th i s exped i t i on rece i ved . Tibet annexed to the Deh l i

empire .

An Engl i sh factory at Hugli i s es tabl i shed : Br idgeman and

S teven s are th e fi rs t factors .

Capt . Jeremy B lackman appoin ted pres iden t of the Surat

factory and ordered to make a survey of al l Surat dependencies .Pri vate t rade d i sal lowed , but increased pr i vi leges obtai ned from

th e Mughal cour t by M r Davidge .

The Dutch abandon St Helena, wh ich i s taken possess ion of

by th e Engl i sh .

May 1 6 : Jumada I I . 3, H . 1 0 6 2 . Pr ince A urangz i b and

Jamdat-ul-Mulk Sa‘adul la Khan arr ive before Qandahar and

i nvest the fortres s . Shahjahan reach es Kabu l, Apri l 1 4 but after

a s iege of two months and eigh t days Shahjahan wi thdraws the

army and ret i res to H i ndu stan .

Dara Shikoh, Governor of Gujarat s i nce 1 648, i s succeeded by

Shai sta Khan .

June 1 4. The fort on the i sland of Kambol i i nves ted by

Sivappa Nayyak of Bednt'

tr—a regular s i ege begu n on Sep t. 6 .

August . Cromwel l dec lares war on the Dutch for the i r oppress ion of the Engl i sh Company and for o ther reason s .

Sept . 6 . Dom Vasco de Mascarenhas , Conde de Obidos, takes

office as Viceroy at Goa.

Sep t . 2 4. Mir Muhammad, A rdistani , s ty led Mir Jumla, takes

the fort of Gandikot, i n Kadapa.

Chandri Phul , ancestor of the ch iefs of Pat iala, I b i nd, and

Nabha, dies .

Oct. 2 4 . A Portuguese flee t repul sed . Nov .

,a second fleet

haras ses the nat ives .

Mr Aaron Baker fi rs t agen t for the Madras se t t lemen t .

The Counc i l at Madras remonstrate agai n st the Court’s order

to di scon t i nue the Fort S t George fort ificat i ons, as the Dutch hadstrengthened the i rs at Pal ikat.

I OO THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA.

Jan. 1 5. A th i rd Portuguese fleet arr ive s before Kambol i,

and takes on board th e garr i son , l eavi ng the fort d i sman t led .

H . 1 0 63. Dara Shikoh sen t w i th a large force agai n s t

Qandahar . A l l efforts fai l i ng to take i t,a retreat i s begun

,

Oc t . 7 : Z i -lqa‘da 1 5.

Muti ny breaks ou t among the Gujarat t roops .

Oc t . 1 5. The Portuguese Viceroy i s deposed by revolu t ionar i esled by Dom Braz de Castro , who usurped the office for nearly

two year s .

A n Engl i sh factory, prev iously es tab l i sh ed at Lucknow,i s

abandoned . Trade at the other factor ies su spended on accoun t

of the war wi th the Dutch .

For t S t George, Madras,wh ich had previ ou sly been sub

ord inate to the ch ief at Bantam i n Java, i s rai sed to a pres idency,though possess ing on ly a garr i son of twen ty -th ree m en . Mr Aaron

Baker,the agen t

,i s made fi rs t Governor .

The Engl i sh lose four sh ip s to the Dutch i n the Pers ian Gul f.

H . 1 0 64. The Far/zang the fi rs t cr i t i cal d ict i onary

of th e Pers ian language, wr i t ten by Mir‘Abdu l Rash id .

March . The Dutch , defeated by the Portuguese at sea,lose

Kal u tara, i n Ceylon , and re t i re upon Gal l e.

Apri l 5. The war between England and Hol land term inated

by the Treaty of Wes tm i ns ter, A r t i c le s 2 7 and 30 of wh ich

prov ide that compensat i on be awarded for los ses i n the Eastsustai n ed by the Engl i sh . Aug, the Dutch agree to restore

Polaran, pay an i ndemn i ty of to the London Company

,

and to the he i rs of the Amboyna su fferers .

Aug. 1 2 . Muhammad ‘Adi l Khan marches w i th an army

agai n s t G oa and Bardes , bu t i s forced to ret i re . Oct .,a further

at tempt made on Sal sette . Sarzora i s taken,bu t news arr iv ing

of th e Portuguese general’s approach on Rachol ; peace i s

concluded i n December.

Oct . 4. Z i -l qa‘da 2 2,H . 1 0 64. Allam i despatched to chast i se

Jagat S ingh , Rana of Udaypur, for fort i fy i ng Ch i tor . The Rana

sends express i on s of hum i l i ty, and the fort i s demol i shed .

S . 1 7 1 0 . Raja Rana S ingh succeeds h i s father, Jagat S i ngh,at Udaypu r .

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1 0 2 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA.

at tack on G olkonda.

‘Abdul lah Qu tb Shah flees to the fortress

of G olkonda, whence he agrees to the terms imposed , Apr i l 2 5to g ive one of h i s daugh ters i n marr iage to S ul tan Muhammad ,wi th dowry and terr i tory , to pay a karor of rupees, and to

become tr ibu tary .

Apri l 1 6 : Jumada I I . 2 2 H . 1 0 66 . A l lami Sa’adulla Khan

d ies .

Apri l . Shah Shuja‘grants l e t ters paten t to the Engl i sh E . I .

Co . to trade duty free i n Bengal and O r i s sa.

May 7. Colombo, bes ieged by the Dutch, now at tacked .

May 1 2 , th e Por tuguese evacuate the town .

Chin sura factory es tabl i shed by the Dutch .

M r R evington appoi n ted pres iden t of Su rat factory .

The Koh -i -nar d iamond found at Kolhapur on the Kr i shna

and presen ted by Mir J umla to Shahjahan .

Nov. : Muharram ,H . 1 0 6 7 . Muhammad ‘Ad i l Shah of

Bijapt'

I r d ies . Hi s son‘Ali ’s success ion d i spu ted , and a Mughal

force sen t to occupy the country .

Nov. S treynsham Mas ter arr ives at Surat w i th h i s uncle,George Oxinden.

I n t roduc t i on of the San-i -j alus, year of the re ign , i n the

Sou thern Konkan a solar year, though fol low ingHij ra reckon ing ,and runn i ng on from th i s date .

Pope Pau l IV . havi ng sen t a commis s ion of four D i scal

ceat Carmel i tes to i nqu i re i n to the Jesu i ts’ deal i ngs i n Malabar,two of them arr i ve at Surat and proceed to Malabar , and after

the death of the Jesu i t archbi shop i n 1 659 they were left i n

possessi on o f the m i ss ion,one of them be i ng appo in ted V icar

Apostol ic : d ied 1 689 .

Jan. 7 : Rabi‘I . 2 1

,H . 1 0 67. An exped i ti on under the Khan

Khanan leaves Kh izrpur for the conques t of Eas tern Bengal .

Jan. 1 4, th e c i ty of Kuch B ihar taken .

Jan. 1 2 - 1 3. Job Charn ock en tered on the court books as

j un io r member of counci l at Kas imbazar at a salary of £2 0 .

Jan. 2 7. Upon pet i t io n al l egi ng that ev i l had resu l ted from

the open trade, the Counci l of S tate i n England decide that th e

Eas t I nd ia t rade shou ld be carr ied on by the Company or a

1 657

1 658

SHAHJAHAN . 1 0 3

Uni ted Jo i n t S tock, exclu s i ve o f all others . Feb . 1 0,Cromwel l

confi rm s th i s dec i s i on , rej ec t i ng the arguments of the Merchan tAdven turers for open t rade

, andgran ts a new char ter for seven years .The Merchant A dven turers depress the For t S t George trade . TheCompany wi thdraw the Bengal factor i es . At Ban tam the Dutch

br ibe the servan ts of the London Company to desert : the s tat ion ,however , i s kep t on .

The E . I . Co . begi n at tempt ing to set t l e permanently at S tHelena.

Jan. 1 1 : Nepala Sam . 778. I n scr i pt ion at Katmandt‘

t ofMaharajadhiraja Jayapratapamal ladeva, composed by the ki ng

h imself, record ing the presen tat ion to the temple of the k i ng’s

weigh t i n gold , s i l ver, and pear l s, together w i th 1 0 0 horses .

Apr i l 2 6 : Rajab 1 2 .

‘A l i Mardan Khan , Ami r-ul Umara , d ies .

Apri l . Aurangz i b prosecu tes war wi th B ij apur, reaches Zafar

abad B idar, Apr i l 1 0,and Kal yani May 1 4, wh ich i s captured

Sep t . 2 2,and a has ty peace w i th Bijapt

‘

tr i s arranged .

Prince Su laiman Shikoh and Pr i nce Sul tan Muhammad sen t

to Gwal iar by A urangz i b , and k i l led by slow poi son .

May 1 0 : Sha‘ban 6 . The ci ty of Karkalu, i n Assam , taken by

Khan Khanan after five month s’ s iege .

Mokand S ingh succeeds to the th rone of Kota .

May. S i vaj i comm i t s h i s fi rs t acts of host i l i ty on the Mughal s,plunder i ng Junnar and part ial ly loo t i ngAhmadnagar .

Z i—l hijja 1 0 6 7. Shahjahan’

s i l l ness recal l s A urangz i b to

Aurangabad . Dara Shikoh takes the defens i ve agai n s t h im .

Shuja‘marches on Agra,bu t i s defeated by Sulaiman , Dara

’s son ,and returns t o Bengal . Pri nce Morad Bakhsh proclai ms h imsel f

emperor,ki l l s‘A li Naqi

,h i s m in i ster

,bu t afterwards j o i n s Aurang

z i b , and marches agai n s t Jaswant S i ngh , l eader of the imperial

troops .

Sept . 2 5. Manoe l Mascarenhas Homem ,Governor at Goa,

d ies,and Franc i sco de Mel lo e Castro and A nton io de Sousa

Cou t i nho govern by comm i ss i on .

The R aj asek/zara Vz'

lasa,a poem by the L i ngayat au thor,

Shadakshara Deva, writ ten .

Feb . Dutch forces under R ijklof van Goens occupy Tut icori n

1 04 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA .

Manar su rrenders 0 11 Feb . 2 2 ; Jafnapatam y ields on Apri l 2 7,a re l iev ing squadron be ing defeated on March 2 3 .

April . Mokand Singh of Ko ta and th ree b rothers fal l i n defenceo f Shahjahan at the bat t l e o f Ujjai n . Ki shor S ingh surv ivesand ascends the throne .

Apri l 2 5 : Rajab 2 2,H . 1 0 68. Pr i nces Aurangz i b and Murad

Bakhsh defeat the imper ial army under Jaswan t S i ngh at Dharmatpur, near Ujjai n , and march to meet the i r e lder brother

,

Dara Shikoh.

Khan Muhammad,min i s ter at B ij apur, as sass i nated.

J une 8 : Ramazan 7, H . 1 0 68. A urangz ib and Murad Bakhsh

defeat Dara Shikoh at Samagarh (Fathabad), between Agra and

Dholpur, and Dara flees by Agra and Deh l i to Lahor . A urangz i b

en ters Deh l i,J une 1 1 . Shahjahan i s made pr i soner i n the fort .

June 2 3, A urangz i b and Murad Bakhsh proceed after Dara .

At Mathu ra,J u ly 5, Aurangz i b proposes to celebrate Murad

’s

access i on to whom he had hi ther to sworn al l eg iance,fi l l s h im

drunk,se i zes and fetters h im and sends h im to pr ison i n Salimgarh

fort,bu t afterwards transfers h im to Gwal iar where he was pu t

to death , Dec . 2 5, 1 660 .

AUR ANG Z I B ‘ALAMGIR .

Ju ly 30 : Z i -l qa‘da 1,H . 1 0 68. Aurangz i b Openly assumes

the governmen t at Dehl i and i s formal ly proclaimed as‘A lamgi r.The Bengal sett l emen ts pu t u nder th e Pres idency of For t S t

George (Madras), th e agenci es at Kas imbazar Balasor and Patnabe ing subord i nate to that at Hugli . Surat th e ch ief pres idency .

Cromwel l,wi thou t con su l t i ng the Company , gran t s a l i cence to

Mr Rol t to expor t on h i s own accoun t three mortars and

shel l s to CO1. R ainsford at Surat . The Company pet i t i on the

Protector to proh ib i t th i s i l l i c i t t rade and d irec t the Surat Counc i l

to se i ze and d i spose of the ar t i c les .

The for t and palace at Shahjahanabad (New Deh l i) completed .

Sept . Hajj i Khal fa dies—au thor of Faz laka, the Kas/zf -uz

Z unan, and a chronology.

Sep t . Aurangz ib on reach ing Lahor learn s that Dara had

proceeded by Mul tan to Bhakkar i n S i ndh and thence to Gujarat ;

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1 0 6

1 66 1

THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

The forts on the Malabar coast are made subordi nate to Su rat .

Kanthirava of Mai su r d i es ch i ld less,and Dodda Deva Raja,

grandson of Chama Raja Bola,succeeds . He adds to h i s

k ingdom by conquests from Madura and Bednt‘

tr.

Tirumala Nayyak of Madura dies . H is son , V irappa, succeeds .

Jan. : Jumada I . ,H . 1 0 70 . Shai s ta Khan, Ami r-ul-Umara,

marches from Aurangabad agai n s t S i vaj i , who had plu ndered

Rajpur and Dabhol . March 1 4 : Rajab 1 , the imperial army

occup ies Seoganw,where S ivaj i l oots the i r baggage . The army

takes Sivapurand Poona.

Chakan i s i nves ted and taken after fi ve mon th s’ s i ege . Purenda

rendered by i t s commander,Ghal i b

,wi thou t fighti ng.

The three powers of the Sou thern Konkan—B ijapur, theS iddis of Janj i ra, and the Sawants of Wad i—un i te agai n s t S ivaj i .Sep t . S i vaj i , after four months’ s i ege i n Panhala for t by th e

B I Japt'

I r army under S idd i Johar,escapes to Rangna by a

pretended surrender .

H . 1 0 7 1 . M ir Jumla Mu‘azzam Khan appointed Governor of

Bengal , stops the Engl i sh sal tpetre trade, bu t agai n adm its i t .

The canons at Goa con tes t the archb i sh opric, and armed

confl i c t s en sue.

Jul y. Negapatam capi tu lates to th e Dutch u nder Joan van der

Laan . The Portuguese are complete ly expel led from Ceylon .

Nov . The S tates General order the Governor-General o f

Batavia to cede Polart‘

I n to the London Company. The Governorof Banda under secret orders destroys al l the spi ce trees i n the

i sland .

Guru Har-ra i,the seven th S ikh Gu ru

,dies at K i ratpur , having

nom i nated h i s second son,Hark isan

,as h i s successor, —the eldes t

bei ng kept at Deh l i by Aurangz i b as a hostage . Some accoun ts

p lace th i s at a later date . Hark isan d ied about 1 664.

Jan. 1 3 : Jumada I . 1 1,H . 1 0 7 1 . Sulaiman Shikoh given up

to Aurangz i b by the Raja o f Sri nagar . He wi th h i s brother,S ipahr, and the young son of Murad are pu t to death at Gwal iar.

Jan.

‘A l i ‘Ad i l Shah of B ijapur regai n s most o f the fortstaken by S ivaj i

,who

,however

,con t i nues waragai n s t th e Siddis

AU RA NG Z I B ‘ALAMGIR . 1 0 7

Feb . S i r Edward Win ter takes office as agen t at Fort S tGeorge . The factory at Hagli i s threate ned by Mir Jumla, in

con sequence o f the agen t’s hav ing seized a nat ive j unk as

secur i ty for th e recovery of debts .

H . 1 0 7 1 .

‘A bdu l Nab i,Governor of Mathura

,bu i ld s the

great mosque i n that c i ty .

A pr i l 3. Charles I I . gran ts a new char ter “ for ever,

confirm

i ng former pr iv i leges and author i s i ng the B I . Company to make

peace or war w ith any non -Chri st ian p r ince or people, to erect

for t ificat i on s, mai n tai n arm ies,admi n i s ter j us t i ce

,and to have

the r ight of send ing un l icensed person s to England .

May. The K ing of B urma wi th his fam i ly captured by the

Pr ince of Prome and drowned i n the R iver Hkyengdweng. The

Prome pri nce takes the t i t l e of Mahapawara Dhamma Raja .

June 2 3. The marr iage treaty between Charle s I I . of England

and Cather ina of B raganza i s s igned,by wh ich Bombay i sland

is ceded to the Engl i sh as par t of th e dowry of the I n fanta

Cather i na on her marr iage wi th Char les H .,bu t i t s occupat i on

w i th held for fou r years on var i ous pretences .

June 1 4. A new Paten t of Success ion n om i nates Dom Manuel

Mascarenhas,Lu i z de Mendoza Furtado

,and Dom Pedro de

Lancastre to be governors at Goa. The first-named not accep t

i ng,the others assume office , t i l l Dec . 1 4, 1 66 2 .

H . 1 0 72 . Mir J um la i nvades Kuch B ihar, and the Raja

tak ing fl igh t , he occup ies the cap ital , Nov . 2 0 : Rabi‘I . 2 7 here-names i t A lamgirnagar and proceeds to Assam .

Dec . 1 4 : Rabi‘I I . 2 1 . Murad Bakhsh is pu t to death at

Gwal iar.

Dec . The Dutch take Qu i lon or Kol lam ; th ey agree to

re i n s tate the Coch i n Raja and afford hi m pro tect ion from thePortuguese

,who

,however

,repel an at tack upon the town .

Jan. 1 5. Cranganor, after fi fteen days’ s i ege, i s assaul ted and

taken by the Dutch i n a desperate assau l t ; most of the churches

and o ther bu i ldi ngs destroyed and the Portuguese sold i ers were

taken back to Europe .

Feb . The Dutch take Kol lam and at tack Coch i n , put the

Nayars to fl igh t and captu re the queen . A fter a mon th they

rai se th e s i ege, but renew i t i n October, when the Portuguese

1 0 8 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA .

su rrender . Thei r possess ion s i n I nd ia are now reduced to Goaand D i t

’

I .

March 2 7 : Sha‘ban 6

,H . 1 0 7 2 . G harganw,

the cap i tal ofAssam

,taken by M ir J um la. The nat i ve s haras s the caval ry’s

movements and cu t off suppl ies . Nov . Rab i‘I . ,M ir J umla

renews the campaign i n A ssam and the Raja flees to the h i l l s .

May-Aug . Dangerous i l lness of Aurangz i b . At temp ts are

made to restore Shahjahan . Dec . 6 , Aurangz ib recovers, and

depar ts fo r Kashm i r,t i l l Oct . 1 663.

H . 1 0 72 . S i vaj i conquers Sawantwadi . The Sawants, after

seek ing protec t ion at Goa, are restored by S i vaj i whose t r ibu tar i esthey become .

Sept . 1 8. The Engl i sh fl eet,under th e Ear l o f Marlborough

and S i r Abraham Sh ipman , arr i ve at Bombay and demand the

cess i on of the i sland and dependencies . The Portuguese

governor rai se s techn ical d ifficu l t ies,and offers to retai n Bombay

for the Engl i sh t i l l he should receive authority from Por tugal .Th e t roops, refused a land ing at Surat

,are landed at Anj idi va.

Sept . 2 9 . An ton io de Mel lo e Cas t ro arr ives at Bombay as

Portuguese governor .

S i r George Oxinden succeeds Mr A nd rews as pres iden t andch ief d i rector of Su rat factory and al l other factor ies i n the north

parts of I ndia. His salary to be 2 50 rupees per mensim ,wi th a

year ly gratu i ty of rupees as a compen sat i on for p r ivatetrade t i l l 1 669 .

Oct . 6 . The Eas t I nd ia Company are forced to su rrender

the i r Afr i can trade to a new Afri can Company .

Jan. 7. A treaty between the Du tch and Portuguese at Coch in

is s igned , prov id i ng term s of surrender of th e town , ar t i l l ery, &c .,

disposal o f the nat i ve populat i on and the r emoval o f u nmarr i edPor tuguese to Europe .

Jan. 1 6 : Jumada I I . 6, H . 1 0 73. The Raja of Assam subm its

to MirJ umla.

March 1 4. Publ i cat i on of the Treaty of Peace between the

S tates General and Por tugal o f A ug. 6,1 66 1 , i n terms of wh ich

Cannanor and Coch i n are clai med by the Por tuguese,bu t n o

redress is found .

The Dutch expel al l European Rom i sh p ri es ts , and A lexander

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1 1 0 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA.

Aug . Sivaji’

s fleet captu res Mughal sh ip s bound for Mokha

he plunders the pe t tah of Ahmadnagar . Oc t . , he defeats th eB ijapur army, which had broken the t ruce of 1 663.

Oct . S i r Abraham Sh ipman , wi th about 30 0 sold i ers, per i shes

at Anjidiva, the Portuguese refu s i ng to comply wi th th e treaty,h i s secretary, Humphrey Cooke, i s compel led to accede to a

treaty d rawn up by the G oa governor, by wh ich on ly Bombay,wi thou t any of i t s dependenc ies , i s handed to the Engl i sh .

Har-k i san,th e S ikh Guru , be i ng summoned to Deh l i , he d ied

there of smal l -pox , but had i nd i cated Teg-bahadur of Bakala as

h i s successor . He took up h i s res idence at Makhoval on the

Satlaj, s i nce cal led Anandpu r. He l ived for a t ime i n seclu s ion

at Patna.

A French East I nd ia Company,Compagn i e des I ndes

,

formed under the m in i s t ry of Colbert . Eigh t armed vessel s fi tted

out u nder command of Huber t Hugo , a Dutch p i rate.

Jan. 1 7. A Commi ss i on leaves Goa to carry out the deci s i on

of the Court regard ing the cess ion of Bombay,‘

wh ich takes p lace

Feb . 1 8. The Portuguese levy heavy imposts on boat s pass i ng

Karanja and Thana. S i r Humphrey Cooke, governor, res i s ts the

demand .

Gregory, th e fi rs t Jacob i te Metran or B i shop of the Syrian

Chri st ian s,arr ives i n Malabar and i s welcomed by the Du tch ~

he d ied 1 672 .

Feb . S i vaj i at tacks the Engl i sh fac tory at Karwar,and exacts a

con tr ibu t ion of£ 1 1 2 .

March . The surv ivors o f th e t roops at Anj idiva are ordered

to For t S t George .

March 2 5. The Dutch at length cede Polart‘

tn to the Engl i sh ,bu t i n so desolated a cond i t i on as to render i t u nproduct ive for

e igh t years .

H . 1 0 75. Raja Jaysingh, Kachhwaha, sen t to th e Dekhan wi th

Di ler Khan , i nvests Rajgarh and Kondana forts,held by S ivaj i

,

who i s i nduced to offer submiss ion and i s prom i sed a mam ab, or

m i l i tary rank , i n the imperial army ; he surrenders J une 2 2 . Ju ly,

S ivaj i en ters the camp of Di ler Khan and i n Dec. co-operatesw i th the Mughal s agai n s t B ij apur.

Aug. M r George Foxcroft arr ives at Madras as Governor of

A UR AN G Z I B‘ALAMGIR . I I I

Fort S t George . Sept . 1 6, the ex -governor, S i r Edward Win ter,

makes an arm ed at tack , impri son s Foxcroft, his son, and Mr

Jeremy Sambrooke, second i n Counc i l , under the accusat i on of

thei r havi ng u ttered sed i t i ou s and t reasonable express ion s agai n st

the k ing’s government . He reassumes the agency and keeps the

governor u nder restrai n t i n the fort,t i l l Aug. 2 2 , 1 668.

Jan. 5. The G oa Viceroy complai n s to the K ing of Portugal

o f al l eged exces ses commi tted by the Engl i sh i n Bombay.

Jan. 8 : Rajab 2,H . 1 0 76 . Bijapt

‘

tr i n ves ted by Raja Jaysingh

and Di ler Khan wi th the help o f S ivaj i . Several forts are

captured .

Feb . 2 : Rajab 2 6,H . 1 0 76 . Shahjahan

,hav ing l ived seven

years as a pri soner o f Aurangz i b , at tended by h i s daugh ter,

Jahanara, d ies at Dehl i i n h i s seven ty-fifth year.

The Mughal s u nder Shai sta Khan take Chi ttagaon by s iege .

I t i s annexed to Bengal and named I slamabad . Sangramnagar

i s captured and renamed A lamgirnagar.

S i vaj i and h i s son, Sambhaji , are cal led to the Mughal Cour t,

ungrac ious ly rece ived by Aurangz i b and kep t i n restrai n t .Aug. 3 1 : Safar 2 9 , H . 1 0 77. S ivaj i escapes, arr iv i ng at Rajgarh

i n December .

Sept . 2 -6 . The Company’s sal tpetre and pepper warehouses,under the Exchange

, are destroyed by the Great Fi re i n London .

Oct . 1 7. Joao Nuno da Cunha, Conde de Vicente, takes

office as Viceroy at Goa.

Nov. 5. S i r Gervase Lucas arr ives at Bombay, sen t ou t by

the k ing, as governor , and impr i son s the act ing governor,Humphrey Cooke

,secretary to the late S i r A . Sh ipman , for

extort ion and peculat i on .

The Dutch sei ze and reoccupy Polaran , ceded by treaty to

the Engl i sh .

May 2 1 . S i r Gervase Lucas ,Governor of Bombay, d ies . May 2 2 ,

Captai n Henry Garey, Depu ty-Governor of Bombay t i l l Sep t . 2 3,

1 668.

M r Wal ter Hooke chaplai n at Madras .

H . 1 0 77 . Muhammad Am i n Khan , son of Mir J umla,appoi nted Governor o f Kabu l .

1 1 2 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA .

J un e 5 : V .S . 1 7 2 4 . S tone i n scr ipt i on at Ramnagar of Ki ng

Hridayesa and h is wi fe Sundaridevi , enumerat i ng the k ings o f

Mandala from Yadavaraya.

June 2 5 . Si r George Oxinden ob tai n s from Aurangz ib a

far/nan reduc ing the customs payable by the Engl i sh at Surat

from 3 to 2 per cen t .

Jaysingh ret i res from B ij apur and G olkonda. Ju ly 2 0

Muharram 2 8,H . 1 0 78, he d i es at Burhanpur : sai d to have

been ki l led by h i s son Kirat S ingh , to whom Aurangz i b had

prom ised the success ion . Ram S ingh succeeds to the throne of

Jaypur,bu t i s ordered to Gawahati i n Assam where he remai n s

t i l l 1 675, H . 1 0 86 .

July 3 1 . Polaran ceded to the Dutch by the treaty of B reda.

Sul tan Mu‘azzam succeeds Jaysingh as Subahdar of the

Dekhan and comes to term s wi th Si vaj i , who receives, through

the pri nce,the t i t le of Raja, confi rmat i on of the mansab for

Sambhaji , and aj'

ag'

z'

r i n Berar.

Dec. 2 4. A French sh ip under M . Caron,wi th a Pers ian

,

Markara, on board , lands at Coch i n and i s we l l rece iv ed .

H . 1 0 78. S i vaj i obtai n s an army from ‘A bdul lah Qutb Shahfor the recapture of certai n fort s n ow i n the hands of the Bijapt

‘

i r

k ing . He take s Satara, Panhala , and other forts , and occup ies

Rajgarh .

Jan. 2 4. The Court o f D i rectors gran t perm i s s ion to the Haglifactors to es tabl i sh a factory at Dacca (Dhaka ).

1 0 78. Bahadar Khan,Khan Jahan

,formerly Viceroy of

Allahabad,appoi nted th i r ty-fourth Viceroy of Gujarat

,t i l l 1 67 1 .

May 1 4 : Z i—l hijja I . Samaj i,a town near That ta

,destroyed

by earthquake .

May.

‘Abd-ul Nab i,Governor of Mathura

,k i l led i n the

bat t l e o f Sahora,fought w i th a l ocal rebel .

Aug. 2 2 . Mr Foxcroft released and re i n s tated for one year

i n th e governorsh i p of Madras by a Comm iss ion u nder S i rW i l l iam Langhorne .

Sep t . 2 3. Bombay transferred by Charl es I I . to the E l .

Company i n free and common soccage, as of the manor of

East Greenwich on paymen t of an annual ren t of £ 1 0 in gold

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1 1 4 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA .

Sep t . 2 1 . Monsi eu r C . Del lon , a French doc tor,arr ives at

Surat—au thor of A Voyage fa t/ze E ast I ndies.

De Graaf,a Du tch surgeon

,arr i ves i n Bengal .

S t Helena regularly colon i sed under Cap tai n S tr i nger, thecap tai n s of the twen ty-two regu lar I nd iamen touch i ng to act as

members of Counci l .

Dec . 5. The Pers ian,Markara

,ob tai n s afar/nan from

‘Abdul lahQu tb Shah , perm i t t i ng the French Company to t rade du ty freei n G olkonda

,and to erec t a fac tory at Masu l ipatam .

A n Engl i s h fac tory i s founded at Madakkara I sland near

Cannanor.

The Du tch capture S t Thome from the Por tuguese .

For t S t George i s bes ieged by the local Nayyak , bu t the s iege

i s rai sed by command of the Nawab .

Jan. 6 . Dr C . Del l on leaves Surat wi th orders to remove theFrench fac tory from Bel iapatam (Valarpattanam ) to Tel icherry.

Es tabl i shmen t of a min t and a mi l i tary es tab l i shmen t at

Bombay sanc t i on ed .

S i r Wi l l iam Langhorne, Bar t . , Governor of Madras,t i l l Jan. 2 7,

1 6 78.

Feb . : Ramazan,H . 1 0 80 . Aurangz i b orders the des truc t i on

of the great temple o f Kes’

ava Deva or Kr i shna at Mathura,bu i l t

by Bir S i ngh Bundela Of Urchha, i n the re ign of Jahangi r, at a

cos t of th i rty- three lak l1 s,—and a mosque to be erec ted 0 11 the s i te ,

H . 1 0 80 . The Afghans defeat Muhammad Am i n Khan,son

of Mi r J um la,and proclaim the i r i ndependence u nder a nat i ve

ch ief.

The Dutch sh ips from Europe th i s season number fifty-two.

March . S ivaj i takes Purandhar ; Mahul i, Karnala, andLohagadare cap tured bu t Janj i ra holds ou t

,S idd i Yaqut becomi ng a

Mughal vassal .

Oc t . 3 . S i vaj i,w i th men

,plunders Surat , where the

Engl i sh fac tory was successfu l ly held by S treynsham Mas ter;

S ivaj i lev i es t r i bu te and re tu rns to the Dekhan,pass i ng through

a Mughal army wi th his boo ty.

Oc t . The fi rs t col l i s i on of the Portuguese and Mara thas takes

A UR A N G Z I B‘ALAMG IR . 1 1 5

place off Daman , when a Maratha fleet captures a large Portuguese

sh ip,l os ing twelve of the i r own vessel s .

H . 1 0 8 1 . Aurangz i b , outwi t ted by S i vaj i , renews the war.

Di ler Khan i s sen t to the Dekhan .

V irappa Nayyaka of Madura d ies . His son, Chokkanatha

Nayyaka, succeeds .

The K ing of Golkonda gran ts a kaul,by wh ich the Company

agrees to pay pagodas rupees) as ren t for Chennapatnam (Madras) town and for t .

A second Dan i sh Eas t I nd ia Company formed at Copenhagen .

Th i s year the ou tward i nves tmen t of Engl i sh bul l i on and

goods to I nd ia i s

Jan. Sivaji’

s general , Moro Pan t Pingla, takes, wi th o ther

forts, Aundha, Pat ta, and Saler .

Feb . 1 4. The King of Kanara wri tes offer ing s i tes at Barcelor,Honavar

,andMangalor for Portuguese fac tori es, wi th s t ipulat i on s

regard ing fort ificat i o n and prosely t i s i ng . A treaty i s con cluded .

H . 1 0 8 1 . Mahabat Khan sen t to the Dekhan wi th

men,act ing independen tly of Mu

‘az zam

’

s au thor i ty . Bahadu r

Khan,Khan Jahan , sen t as Viceroy .

Maharaja Jaswan t S i ngh , th i rty-fifth Viceroy of Gujarat, t i l l

1 6 74.

March 2 9 . Mr Dacres, agen t at Ban tam , makes an agreemen t

w i th the k ing that th e Company should pay i n l i eu of al l dut ies

r ial s per annum ,i mport and expor t to be free .

May 2 2 . Lu i z Mendoza Furtado de A l buquerque, Conde de

Lavradi o, takes office at G oa as Viceroy .

Mahapawara Dhamma Raj a o f Burma dies . His son Nara

wara, succeed s, but d ies w i th i n the year . A j un ior member of the

fami ly i s made k i ng , wi th the t i t le of Sri Pawara Mahadhamma

Raj a . The empire begi n s to decl i ne .

Oct . M . de la Haye arr ives at Surat : later i s opposed i n h i s

at tempt to es tab l i sh a French factory,by the Dutch i n the bay

of Trinkomal i .

Flacour, a French agen t, t ravel s from Tel l icherry to Ser inga

patam to es tabl i sh a fac tory .

1 1 6 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

An Engl i shman , Mr Boucher, captured by Kota p i rates, and,refus ing ran som ,

i s k i l led .

Jan. S i r Wi l l iam Langhorne , agen t at For t S t George, i nsuccess ion to Mr Foxcroft .

H . 1 0 8 2 . Di ler Khan and h i s army lay s i ege to Saler, bu t aredefeated i n the field by S i vaj i . Many Mughal s j o i n the Mara thas tandard . Sivaj i 5 at tack on Sal se t t e repul sed by the Portuguese .

A new H indu sec t ar i ses,who

,bel iev i ng they are i nvul nerable,

march’

on Dehl i,caus ing great commo t i on , agai n st whom the

emperor proceeds and suppresses them .

H . 1 0 83.

‘Abdul Qutb Shah of G olkonda di es . ‘Abu l Hasan,

h is son, succeed s .

Dodda Deva Raja of Mai su r d ies . Ch ikka Deva Raja

succeeds . He represses feudal and quas i- i ndependen t r ights,forc ing h i s nobles to res ide at Seri ngapatam : he al so es tabl i shes

a j o in t postal and pol i ce servi ce i n h i s coun try . His taxes on the

ra‘z'

yaz‘cu l t i vators prov ing vexat i ou s

,th ey refuse to t i l l the field s

,

at the i n s t igat i on of the Jangam pr iests , 70 0 of whom are en trapped

and massacred at Nanjangad i n one day.

June . S treynsham Master re tu rns to England , remai n i ng t i l l

1 676 .

June 7. Gerald Aungierarr i ves at Bombay as governor. Dec .

,

he makes proposal s to the Portuguese Viceroy regard ing fr iend

sh ip, observat i on of the i nternat i onal t reaty and free t rade . The

G oa Viceroy i n send i ng home the text of these proposal s, advi ses

the Pr i nce Regen t not to agree to them .

The French,under Admi ral de la Haye, at tempt un successful ly

to plan t a set tl emen t at Poi n t de Gal le. They capture and

garr i son Trinkomal i, wh ich , however, i mmed iate ly su rrenders to

the Du tch .

Ju ly 2 5. Mel iapur (S . Thome) is taken from the Dutch by theFrench .

Friar Mat thew de St Joseph , a Carmel i te monk , hav ing th efr iendsh ip of the Dutch governor, H . A . D . van Rheede, founds

the fi rs t Carmel i te es tab l i shmen t at Chetiata, a few m i les from

Coch in .

Dec . 1 5.

‘A li ‘Adi l Shah I I . of Bijapt'

rr i s s truck wi th paralys i s,and d ies a few days afte r. Khawas Khan , regen t, desp i te h i s

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1 1 8 THE CH RON OLOGY (N ? I N D L&

M . Francoi s Caron,recal l ed to France, l eaves Adm i ral d e la

Haye and M . Baron i n charge o f the French i n terests i n the East .

H . 1 0 84 . Muhammad Am i n Khan,son of Mir Jumla,

appoi n ted th i rty-s i x th Viceroy of Gujara t, t i l l 1 678.

Feb . Pratap Rao,Sivaji

’s general , i s k i l led by the B i j apur

army i n an at tack on Panhala ; bu t the Maratha horse, underHasaji Moh i ta, Hamb ir Rao

,defeat the B ijapt

‘

I ris immediate ly

afl en

Apri l 6 . S i vaj i conc ludes a t reaty w i th the Engl ish at B air i ,agree ing to pay pagodas rupees) for losses i nfl ictedat Rajapur ; other c lauses refer to the plan t ing of factor i es, and

res torat i on of the Company’s vesse l s wrecked on the Malabar

coast

Apri l . S i r Josiah Chi ld fi rs t appoi n ted one of the twen ty-four

Comm ittees ” at the I nd ia House,subsequen t ly obtai n s great

i nfluence i n the d i rect i on of the E L Co .

’s affai rs .

A pr i l . The Engl i sh pres idency at Surat es tab l i sh a factory at

D haramgaon i n Kandesh.

Ju ne 6 . S i vaj i i s crowned Maharaja,Mr Henry Oxinden

from Bombay be i ng presen t . June 1 2,Sivaj i gran ts pr iv i leges

of t rade to the Engl i sh Company . He sends Moro Pan t P ingla

to Kalyan to exact c/zaat/z from the Portuguese at Basse i n .

Karna S ingh of Bikanirdies . His son,Anup S ingh

,succeeds .

Thi s pr i nce i s al so rule r of Bijaparand Aurangabad .

J uly 1 6 . Aurangz ib arr ives at Hasan Abdal i n the Panjab

to watch events on the north -west front ier,and remai n s a year

and a hal f.

Ju ly 1 6 . Gerald Aungier rat ifies h i s Con ven t ion w i th the

people of Bombay,who (Nov . 1 2

,1 6 72 ) had

“ though t fi t to

p ropose to pay xeraph i ns (abou t per annum

to the Hon . Company,

” the presen t property-holders to bepermanen tl y secured i n thei r posses s ion s .

Sept . 5. The Dutch take St Thome from the French and

cede i t to the K ing of Golkonda ; th e French agen t , Francoi s

Mar t i n , purchases Pond icher i from Sher Khan , the Governorof J i nj i .

Oc t . 2 1 . Corporal Fake shot at Bombay for m ut i ny : th e fi rs t

court mart ial held i n the Bombay Pres idency . Capt . Shaxton,

AURA N G Z I B‘A LAMB I G . 1 1 9

who had encouraged the men to revol t, i s deported to England .

Capt . Langford succeeds as commandant .

H . 1 0 85. Raja Jaswan t S i ngh of Jodhpur i s sen t to commandth e Mughal forces i n Afghan i stan . Kabu l i s h enceforward governed

b y nom i nees of the Deh l i cour t .

Moro Pan t,al legi ng aggress ions by Di ler Khan the Mughal

general,re takes Aundha and Pat ta. Hasaji Moh i ta, Hamb ir

Rao,the Senapat i

,lev i es con t ribu t i on s i n the Bharoch d i str i c t .

Ju ly 1 2 . The Engl i sh Court of D irec tors regu late the s tatu s

and pay of thei r servant s, w ith the success ive t i t l es of wr i ters,factors , merchan ts , and sen ior m erchants . The civ i l servan ts

are recommended to acqui re some knowledge of m i l i tary du t ies .

Nov . 1 3. Teg Bahadur, n i nth S ikh Gu ru , captured at Rupar

on the Satlaj, and impr i soned and tortured to make h im become

Musl im—an at tendant S ikh at h i s request k i l l s h im . His son,

Govind , becomes ten th and las t Guru , and begin s a rel igious war

agai n st Muhammadans and Aurangz i b .

Dec . Mr Nichol s i s appo in ted j udge at Bombay .

The Malabar rajas so oppress the Engl i sh fac tors on the coas t

that two frigates are emp loyed to en force the observat i on of

treat i es . The Rajapu r factory i s w i thdrawn .

A tobacco monopoly i s establ i shed at Goa.

Apri l . D ispu tes occur be tween the Engl i sh at Bombay and

the Por tuguese,originat i ng i n the protect i on g iven to a Malabar

vesse l pursued by Por tuguese . An affray follows at Bandra i n

wh ich Sergean t Su therland i s k i l led . The Portuguese land a

force at Bandra but no act ion ensues .

S i vaj i set s ou t for the conquest of the Karnatik and form s an

al l iance w i th Qutb Shah at Haidarabad agai n st the Mughal s .

June 9 . S idd i Qas im,Governor o f Janj i ra (Danda Raj pur i)

and head of the armada agai n s t S ivaj i,al l owed to wi n ter at

Bombay .

Ju ly 7. Mr S treynsham Master arr ives at Fort S t Georgeto succeed S i r Wi l l iam Langhorne as governor. Ju ly 3 1 , l eaves

for a tour of in spect i on among the Bengal factor i es, v i s i t i ngMasu l ipatam Balasor

,Kas imbazar

,Hagli (wh ich i s made head

quarters of the Bengal t rade), and rece ives accounts of the trade

1 2 0 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

of Patna and Malda. At Malda th e se t t lemen t of a fac tory i ssancuoned.

Oc t . 1 5. The King’s Let ter ( 2 8 Charles I I . ) au thori ses the

Company to establ i sh a mi n t at Bombay to co i n “ rupees , pice

(pai sa), and budgrooks

Oct . 1 7. The pres iden t of Surat d irect s the removal from

Bombay of al l “ vagabond padrees”

(monks) to Chaul or el sewhere.

Nov . Mr S treynsham Mas ter and a Comm i ss ion con su l t atKasimbazar for the be t ter regu lat i on of t rade i n Bengal .

M . Franc . Mart i n,French agen t

,ob tai n s perm i ss i on from Sher

Khan to trai n nat i ve sold i ers for defence . Three hundred are

employed at Pond icher i i n a comb i ned m i l i tary and i ndus t r ial

capac i ty .

Dec . 5 : Shawwal 8, H . 1 0 87 . Sul tan Muhammad,eldest son

of Aurangz ib , d ies.

Jan . 2 7. Mr Streynsham Master,Governor of Madras t i l l

J u l y 3, 1 68 1 .

March . S ivaj i crosses the Kr i sh na at Kam al , and takes J inj ifort . His army lays s iege to Velor, wh ich surrenders i n Sept .S ivaj i recovers h i s father’s j agz

‘

r i n Mai su r and l ev ies c/zaut/z and

Sara’ei mule/22.

Diler Khan wi th the B i japur army under ‘Abdul Karimi nvades Golkonda.

March . I n con sequence o f complai n ts by the Bri t i sh of thei r

bad t reatment by the Portuguese, Char les I I . wri tes to the

Por tuguese Viceroy .

March 2 2 . The Surat Counc i l send i n s truct i on s for the

settlemen t on favourab le terms for em inen t Ban iyas at Bombay .

Apr i l 2 1 . Mr Whi te,agen t at Ban tam ,

and the pri nc i pal

servants of the London Company are murdered by Javanese .

D ec. 1 3, Char les I I . wri tes to the k ing demand i ng that j us t i ce

he done to the murderers .

H . 1 0 87. Shai sta Khan , at his own reques t, recal led from

Bengal to Dehl i,and appo in ted Governor of Agra. Nawab Fidai

Khan,

‘Azim Khan,succeeds as Governor of Bengal .

May 7. S idd i Sambal and Sidd i Qas im permi t ted by the Surat

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1 2 2 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND I A .

Dec . 2 0 : Z i -l qa‘da 6 . Raja Jaswan t S i ngh , sen t as faujdar of

Jamrad i n the Khaibar, d ies there . Hi s i n fan t sons , who afterwards were plotted agai n s t by Aurangz ib , escape to J odhpur, and

are pu t i n charge of the Rana of Chi tor .

The Engl i sh fac tors at Dhaka rece ive from Su l tan ‘Az i m,on

paymen t of rupees,a nix/Ian

,or gran t o f free trade i n

Bengal .

Si r Wi l l iam Langhorn e recal led from Madras on a charge of

having gi ven u ndue advan tages to a nat i ve merchan t for a con

s iderat i on . Streynsham Mas ter appoi n ted governor.

A troop of horse ordered for Bombay,th e captai n ’s pay not

to exceed £ 1 2 0 .

Dec . 1 5. A t reaty of commerce and al l iance“I S concluded

be tween the Portuguese and the K ing of Kanara. Bes ides the

erec t ion of factori es the k i ng au thori ses the bu i ld i ng of RomanCathol i c chu rches at M irzeo,

Chandor, Bhatkal , and Kalyan .

Jan. 3. The Cour t of D i rectors appo in t s Mr Job Charnock to

be ch ief of Kas imbazar and second i n counci l at Hugl i .

Jan . 1 4 : Z i- l hijja, H . 1 0 89 . Aurangz i b spends seven mon ths

i n quel l i ng Rajpu t revol t s . Khan Jahan Bahadur i s l eft to’

com

plete the arrangemen ts made w i th the Rana of Udaypur, who,however

,agai n revo l ts . Pri nce Akbar

,sent to chast i se the Rana

,

i s won over t o the Rajpu t s and l eads an army agai n s t h i s father .

Many Rajpu ts desert, and Akbar flees to the Marathas .

Jan . 2 0 . The Portuguese Viceroy wr i tes to the Pri nce Regen tof England complai n i ng agai n s t the Engl i sh at Bombay , for im

peding navigat i on o f the sal t sh i ps of Basse in , exact i ng dues,assi s t ing A rab s w i th ammun i t i on , and perm i t t i ng the erec t i on ofmosques and temples

,and sugges t ing that a nom inee of each

coun t ry make term s of res idence more exac t .

March - Apri l : Safar,H . 1 0 9 0 . Aurangz i b re-enacts the im

pos i t i on of the j z'

zya or cap i tat i on tax on non -Musl im s . A le t ter

to Aurangz i b protest i ng agai n s t the tax i s var i ou sly ascr ibed toJaswan t S ingh of J odhpur , to Subha S ingh , to Raj S ingh , and to

S i vaj i .March 1 6 . S treynsham Mas ter makes a land j ou rney to

Masu l ipatam via Pal ikat,Armugam ,

and Pettapol i (Nizampatam ).

AUR A N G Z I B‘A LAMR I G . 1 2 3

Aug. 1, he start s on a tour among the Bengal factor ies . Retrench

ment s are ordered .

J u ly . Dom Fr . Anton i o Brandao,Archb ish op of G oa and

j o i n t-governor,d ies .

Di le r Khan i s ordered to bes i ege B ijapt‘

rr. S ivaj i,to d i vert

th i s army, plunders the Mughal p rovi nces . Sep t .,S i vaj i

,defeated

by the Mughal s, ret i res to Rairi,bu t , Nov .

-Dec .

,resumes h i s

devas tat i on s i n Berar and Aurangabad .

Oct . 5 : Sha‘ban

,1 0 90 . Aurangz i b arr ives at A jm ir to con tro l

th e war i n Rajpu tana andMu‘azzam is cal led from the Dekhan .

Oct . 1 2 . Su l tan A‘zam leaves Dhaka to co-operate agai n s t

th e Rajputs,and i s despatched wi th an army agai n s t Udaypur .

Shai s ta Khan i s reappoi n ted Governor of Bengal .

Oct . 1 3. Great s torm at Masul ipatam . person s drowned .

Oct . 1 8 . Sivaji’

s admi ral , Daulat Khan, takes posses s i on o f

Khanderi i s land . The Engl i sh,wi th the S idd i o f Janj i ra, after

at tempting to d i s lodge them ,occupy Underi .

Nov. 1 4. Job Charnock accep ts the ch iefsh ip of Kasimbazar,

bu t, delay i ng at Patna to superv i se th e sal tpetre ou tpu t,he

i nconven iences th e Hagl i and Fort S t George agen ts,and i s

appointed (Dec . 1 3) second at Hagli .

I ns truct ion s are sen t t o Bombay local governmen t to make

Bombay pres iden cy pay i ts expen ses by levy ing dut ies on thehouses i n the i sland .

The Engl i sh fac tory at Karwar w i thdrawn i n consequence o f

the exact i on s of local ch iefs . I t i s restored i n 1 68 2 .

Feb . Udaypur be ing occupi ed by the imper ial t roops, and

hundreds of temples dest royed,Aurangz ib v i s i t s the scene .

Apri l 1 4 : Rabi‘I . 1 4, H . 1 0 9 1 . S i vaj i d ies at Rajgarh . May,

Raja Ram ,h is second son, i s p laced on the th rone, bu t a fac t i on

i n favou r of Samb haji , the e lder son, prevai l s, and Raja Ram i s

impr i soned i n Rajgarh . J un e, Sambhaji makes h i s en t ry i n to

Rajgarh and i s acknowledged Raja, wi th Moro Pan t as Peshwa .

Ju ly 8 . The Engl i sh factors i n Bengal, havi ng sol ic i ted an

imper ial farman to replace the success i ve orders from the

governors,rece ive th i s farmazz wi th much ceremony at Hugl i .

Shai s ta Khan enforces the payment of the j z’

zya i n Bengal .

1 24 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA .

The Chr i s t ians refuse to pay, the Du tch and Engl i sh send ing

a presen t of horses to the Nawab .

Ju ly 1 5 : J umada I I . 1 7. Rana Raj S i ngh of Udaypur makes

a t reaty wi th Pri nce Muhammad A‘z im . His t i t l e of Raja i s

acknowledged, and he tenders the d is tr i c t s of Mand i l , P i n, and

Badhanar i n l i eu of the j z'

zya .

Oc t . 2 6 . The Engl i sh Church of S t Mary of Madras ded i

cated wi th ceremony . Mr Richard Portman,fi rs t m in i s ter .

Oct . 2 7. Pedda Venkatadri hav i ng been compel led to make

res t i tu t i on for deb ts due to the Madras merchan ts, many cal i codyers go on strike and take up a mu t i nous at t i tude at S . Thome.

Nov . 2 9 , a proclamat i on to the r ingl eaders i s i ssued , 0 11 wh ich ,the ch i ef Mukwais bei ng impr isoned , the res t subm i t and retu rn .

Capt . Keigwin,wi th a smal l re in forcemen t

,i s sen t to

Bombay at six sh i l l i ngs a day, and wi th the th i rd place on the

Counc i l .

Jan. 5. The Court of D i rectors orders th e d ism i ssal of

S treynsham Mas ter,Governor o f Fort S t George . Ju ly 3, he

i s su cceeded by Mr Wi ll iam Gyfford, t i l l J u ly 2 5, 1 687 .

Jan . 1 8 : Z i -l hijja 2 6,H . 1 0 9 1 . Pri nce Akbar

,i nduced by

Durga Das,revol ts agai n s t his father

,and an adheren t at tempts

to assass i nate A urangz i b . Jan. 2 5, Akbar flees to Sambhaji for

protec t i on .

June 1 . Pri nce Akbar arr ives at Pal igarh and recei ves pro

tection from Sambhaji , now at Panhala . The fact ion i n favou r

of Ram Raja fai l s to w i n h im to the i r cau se .

Sept . 1 5. Aurangz i b and h i s army leave A jm ir, and march i n

th ree d iv i s i on s agai n s t the Mara t has .

Sambhaji comes under the i nfluence of a Brahman cal led

Kalusha, and i mpr i son s the Peshwa Moro Pant .

Surat agai n ordered to resume th e rank of a pres idency : S i r

John Chi ld (brother o f S i r Jos iah ) sen t ou t as pres iden t .

Bombay trade re tarded by the occupat i on of Underi and

Khanderi i s le ts by Sambhaji’

s t roops,and by the obs truct ion

o f the Portuguese . Mr Sm i th sen t ou t to Bombay as A ssayMas ter and Min t Mas ter at a salary of£60 per annum .

Sept . 1 2 . Franci sco de Tavora,Conde de Alvor, succeeds the

Commiss ion of Three as Viceroy at Goa.

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1 2 6 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA .

S . 1 738 . Jagji vandas, fou nder of the Satnam i sec t o f Vai shnavas

,born at Sardaha

, 40 m iles east of Lakhnow ; d ied i n 1 76 1 .

H . 1 0 94. Pri nce Muhammad Mu‘az zarn

’

s army traverses the

Konkan unopposed,bu t su ffers severely from scarc i ty

,Sambhaji

s toppi ng the Ghat s and i n tercep t i ng the grai n sh ips . The army

ret reat s,figh t i ng, to A hmadnagar .

Feb . 1 . Mr Hedges despatches personal l y th e merchan t sh ips

from Balasor,v i s i t s the N i lgi r i Raja (O r i s sa), and arranges for a

sal tpetre go-down at Balasor.

March 2 6 . Mr Hedges and Counci l d i sm i ss Franc i s El l i s on

a charge of bri bery : he appeal s agai n s t the d ism is sal, as beyond

thei r powers,he being fi fth o f Counci l at Hagl i . A pr i l 2 3, Rai

Bulchand, a nat ive trader, lays i n format i on agai n s t Job Charnock

before Hedges and adv i se s h i s d i sm i ssal . May 2 8, Messrs

Douglas , N edham , and L i t t le ton d i sm i ssed the Company’s serv ice

for nego t iat ion s w i th i n ter lopers .

”

June . Sam bhaji at tacks Chaul , bu t fai l s to take i t . Oc t .,

the Portuguese Viceroy wi th a mixed army i nvades Sambhaji’

s

terr i tory,i nfl ic t i ng extreme barbar i t i e s . Nov . 1 0 , Phonda besieged

by the Portuguese who,on the arr i val of Sambhaji , ret i re w i th

a l oss of men,and all camp equ ipage and ammun i t ion .

Mukh tar Khan appoi n ted th i r ty -e igh th Viceroy of G iyarat t i l l

1 686 .

Aug. 1 5. Charles I I .,by a new Charter

,au thori ses the Com

pany to exerc i se Adm i ral ty j ur i sd ict i on i n the cou n try to enab le

them to se iz e i n terlopers’ vessel s . Dr . S t Joh n , Deputy Governor

o f Bombay,appoi n ted j udge w i th a salary o f £2 0 0 per annum ,

and die t at the governor’s table .

Aug. 2 3. The Company’s agen t and Counc i l o f Ban tam , now

i n the posses s ion of the Dutch,ret i re from Batav ia to Su rat .

Benk t‘

tlen, i n Sumatra, i s fort ified .

Engl i sh factor ies e s tabl i sh ed at Tel icherry, al so at Kadal t‘

tr

Vizagapatam and at Kon imer (Kunimedu) i n Sou th A rkat .

Francoi s Mart i n purchases the v i l lage of Pond icheri from the

Raja of Vijayapur .

Mr Bowcher and Mr Pet i t, two of th e Engl i sh Company’s

servan ts, cause depress ion of t rade at Surat by encouraging

i n terlopers .

AURAN G Z I B‘ALAMR I G . 1 2 7

Dec . The Company’s i n land Bengal trade bei ng hampered

by the exact ions of the nat ive governors, a plan i s formed to gai n

possess ion of Chittagaon as a sea-port .

Dec . 2 1 . Mr Hedges d i sm issed from his charge at H t'

tgli for

open i ng and detai n i ng a despatch to S i r Jos iah Ch ild i n London ,and other m i sconduct . Mr Gyfford, Governor of Madras , d i rectedto con trol Bengal al so, and i s there from Aug. 8, 1 684, t i l l Jan . 2 6 ,

1 685, Mr El ihu Yal e act i ng for h im at Madras . John Beard to

be agen t after the term i nat i on of Mr G yfford’

s v i s i t to Bengal .

Dec . 2 7. Capt . Richard Keigwin,i n con sequence of army

retrenchmen ts at Bombay,se i zes and impri son s Mr Ward, depu ty

governor, wi th some members of Counci l , and hold s the fort i n

the ki ng’s name t i l l Nov . 1 9 , 1 684. Thi s revol t was the orig in

of the fi rs t Secret Comm ittee,to i nqu i re i n to the cause of the

ou tbreak .

Jan. 3 1 . Si r Joh n Ch i ld arr i ves at Bombay wi th th ree sh ips,bu t fai l s to reduce the revol t u nder Capt. Keigwin to order, h i s

crews refus ing to act agai n s t the mut ineer s .

March . Charl es I I . s tops an armamen t about to proceed to

Java to re i ns tate the Engl i sh factors : a Commi ss ion i s appo in ted

to adj u st c laim s,cons i s t i ng of Lord s Su therland , Clarendon ,

Roches ter, and Midd leton , w ith Hu th . Heinz ius of Del f, J ohn

Goes of Leyden , I saac Vanden Hawel , and Adrigan de Borssel e

Vander Hoge, Senator .

H . 1 0 95. War wi th ‘Abul Hasan Qutb -ul Mulk of G olkonda,carr i ed on by Pr i nce Mu‘azzam and Khan Jahan . Haidarabad i s

plundered . and the k ing flees to G olkonda for t, whence he makes

subm i ss ion and peace i s conc luded .

May. S i r Thomas Grantham takes possess i on of H ipp i n 's

I sland i n the S trai t s of Sunda : he touches at Ban tam,bu t fi nding

th e factors had left , sai l s for Malabar .

Ju ly . The Court of D i rectors i nt imate the i r des i re to coneentrate t rade at Bombay, and to wi thdraw i t from Surat.

J uly 1 7 : Sha‘ban 4, H . 1 0 9 5. Aurangz i b s tar ts for the con

quest of Bijapti r now i nvested by P r i nce A‘zam . The latter i s

accused of t reasonable nego t iat i on s w i th the B ijapt'

tri s,and

becomes estranged from h is father .

Ju ly 1 7. Hedges i s advi sed of h i s d i sm i ssal from the E L Co .

’s

THE CHRONOLOGY OF IND IA .

serv i ce . Beard i s to succeed as agen t : Gyfford of Fort S t Georgeto be made Pres iden t of the Coromandel and Bengal se t tlemen t s .Sep t . 1

, G yfford cal l s an i nqu iry i n to Hedges’s al l eged m isconduct .

Sept . 2 3, Hedges leaves the fac tory and l odges i n the Du tch

quarter . Dec . 2 6,he embark s for home via Maskat .

Sanda Thudhamma Raja of Arakan d ies : h is son,Thiri

Thuriya Dhamma Raja, succeeds . I n ternal d i sorders are pre

valen t duri ng h i s reign , the k i ngs o f A rakan becom ing the prey

of the i r fore ign guards .

Sep t . 1 5. Cap t . Keigwin hav ing negot iated a treaty w i th

Sambhaji for free t rade i n the lat ter’s dom in ions

,i n t imates h i s

al l egiance i n a le t ter to Charle s I I . Nov . 1 1,S i r Thomas

Gran tham,Vice-Adm i ral and King’s Commi ss i oner

,land s at

Bombay and prom ises an amnes ty to the rebels . Nov . 1 9 , the

fort and i s land formal ly del i vered to S i r Thomas Gran tham and

by h im t ransferred to Dr . S t John as King’s J udge . M r Z inzan

appo in ted depu ty governor.

The Ran i of A t t i ngal (of the Travankor fam i ly ) grant s a sandyspi t of land at Anj engo to the Engl i sh Company . She perm i t ted

the fort to be erec ted i n 1 69 0 .

Eruma Varma Perumal succeeds as twen ty-four th Pri nce o f

Travankor, t i l l 1 7 1 7.

Ranga Kri shna Muttu V irappa Nayyak of Madura succeeds

Chokanatha Nayyak , h is mo ther, Mangamal, bei ng regen t .

J une 4 : Rajab 1,H . 1 0 96 . A urangz i b reaches Sholapur, i n

an effor t to su bdue the Dekhan . B i japur i s c losely i nvested by

Ghazi-ud-din Khan .

Sivaji’

s troops, elud ing K han Jahan , he al l i es h imsel f wi th

G olkonda, and (Oct ) cap tures Bharoch ,—Pri nce Akbar bel i evedto be the i n stigator i f no t the leader of th i s expedi t ion .

H . 1 0 9 7. Shai s ta Khan lays further d i sab i l i t i es on the Engl ishi n Bengal

,scourges Mr Job Charnock , the i r agen t at Kas imbazar,

boycott s the factory, and i nc i tes Aurangz i b to d i spleasu re agai n st

them .

I n con sequence o f Mughal exact i on s at Surat, the seat of

Bri t i sh Governmen t i n I ndia is moved to Bombay . S i r J oh nCh i ld appo in ted “ Captai n -General and Adm iral of al l the

Company’s Forces by Sea and Land i n the north parts of I nd ia

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1 30 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I NDIA.

The reduct ion of Chittagaon by the Engl i sh squadron considered i nad v i sable .

Jan. The Dan i sh flee t appears Off Bombay ; March 2 4, thecommander requested to draw off

,t rade bei ng obs tructed .

Feb . 8 : Rabi‘I . 2 5, H . 1 0 98. Aurangz i b i n ves ts G olkonda.

Many ac t i on s between the Mughal s and‘Abu’l Hasan’s army take

place . Pr ince A‘zam takes command of the army,and through

t reachery the fortress i s taken . Oct . 1 Z i -l qa‘da 2 4, 1 0 98,‘Abul Hasan Qutb Shah i s sen t a pr i soner to Daulatabad,where he

d ies about 1 1 1 4 H .

Feb . A fter several quarre l s wi th Aurangz i b’

s officers,a Mughal

army and vessel s,u nder‘Abdu l Samad Khan

,are sen t to expel the

Engl i sh from Bengal . Mr Charnock and th e Engl i sh retreat to

I ngel i (“ H idgley

” i n Charnock’s l e t ters), plunderi ng Tanna onthe i r rou te . They sack and bu rn Balasor. Many die from

pest i lence,and after overtu res for peace made by th e Nawab

,

a treaty i s concluded Aug . 1 6,by wh ich the Engl i sh are al lowed

to retu rn to the i r factories : the 35 per cen t . duty i s abrogated ,and fac torie s and magazi nes are sanct ioned at Ulubar ia.

March 2 : Rabi‘I I . 1 7, H . 1 0 98 . Prince Muhammad Mu

‘azzam is unj us tly charged w i th t reacherou s conduc t dur ing thes ieges of G olkonda and Bijapt

‘

tr,and is arres ted wi th h i s son s . He

was not released for seven years .

May 2 : S i r Joh n Ch i ld and the Surat Counci l arr ive at

Bombay,wh ich i s n ow cons ti tu ted a pres idency w i th extended

powers,be i ngmade supreme over all the E L Company

’s es tabl i shmen t s i n I nd ia. Owing to trade obs t ruct i on

,nego t iat i on s fol low

wi th the Mughal Governor o f Surat . A provi s i onal arrangemen t

i s made wi th Mr Harr i s, agen t,by Mukhtar Khan

,a new ly

appoi n ted governor .

J u ly 2 5 : Mr El ihu Yal e succeeds Mr Gyfford (d ism i ssed) asGovernor of Madras

,t i l l Oct . 3, 1 69 2 . The Engl i sh and Portu

guese compete for the possess ion of S t Thome.

An Engl ish set t lemen t made at Benkt‘

I len, i n Sumat ra, and

afarman i s Obtai ned for the sole governmen t o f i t . York fort

bu i l t .

Pond icher i i s establ i shed by the French .

AURA N G Z I B‘ALAMGIR . 1 3 1

H . 1 0 99 . Aurangz i b takes possess i on of Bijapt'

trandG olkonda,

se i zes Sambhaji’

s Mysore j agz‘

r and appoi n t s Ghazi -ud-din as

Governor of the Dekhan .

Feb . An army under Muhammad Sadik en ters the Karnatak °

the Marathas ret i re from Conjivaram to Pal iar. The Mughal s

occupy Banamal i and Wandavash . P lunder ing fol lows,bu t n o

act ion between the arm ies .

H . 1 0 99 . Pr i nce A kbar l eaves the cou rt of Sambhaji for Pers ia—d ies at Garm si r 1 70 6 .

The S idd i of Janj i ra at tacks Bombay and bes ieges the fort fo r

some mon th s .

June : By a con trac t wi th the D i rectors of the Engl i sh Com

pany,Armen ians are encou raged to res ide w i th i n the Engl ish

set t l emen t at Madras .

Oct. Capt . Heath,sen t ou t by the D i rec tors to i n t im idate

the Mughal s,arr i ves i n Bengal and reopen s hos t i l i t i es . Nov . 2 9 ,

lands at Balasor wi th the Company’s se rvan ts and goods . The

Engl i sh fac tory i s burn t by the governor, and two of the Com

pany’

s servan ts taken pri soners . Heath cap tures a bat tery of

th i rty gun s,and burn s the town . Dec . 1 3 i n sp i te of the Cour t’s

recommendat i on to the con trary the flee t sai l s for Chittagaon.

The French E . I . Co . acqu i res Chandranagar by gran t from

Aurangz ib .

A Mayor and Corporat i on are es tabl i shed at Madras .

Dec . 2 6 The new Surat governor impr i sons the factors Harr i s

and G ladman t i l l Apr i l 4, 1 69 0 , orders the sal e of the Company’s

goods,and offers a reward to anyone captur ing S i r John Ch i ld ,

dead or al ive .

Muhammad Qasim wri tes the A /afl zgim ama, con tai n i ng the

h i story of the fi rst ten years o f Aurangz i b’

s reign .

Jan. Cap t . Heath of th e “ Resolut i on fi nds Chittagaon too

strong to take . The Engl i sh s tate the i r gr ievances to the Nawab

at Dhaka, and attempt negotiat ion s w i th the Ki ng of Arakan , bu tCapt . Heath does not wai t an answer . Feb . 1 3 : l eaves Arakan

wi th the Bengal Governor and Counci l , arr iv i ng at Madras on

March 4.

The Mughal s, enraged at th e defian t at t i tude o f the E ngl i sh ,

1 32 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA .

se i ze and murder the Engl i sh fac tors w i th Mr S tables, the i r ch i ef,at Vizagapatam and Masu l ipatam .

H . 1 1 0 0 . Plague breaks ou t i n the royal camp at B ijapt'

tr.

The camp moves to Akl t'

rj on the N i ra .

'

Feb . 1 4 S idd i Yaqt'

tt Khan lands at Sewri and takes possess ion

of Mazagaon for t , Mah im and S i on , abandoned by the Engl i sh .

He remai n s t i l l Sep tember, bu t the Engl i sh on ly regai n possess ion

J une 2 2,1 69 0 .

March 3 Sambhaji and h i s B rahman m in i s ter, Kabkalas

,

cap tured (Dec . 2 8,1 688) by Muqarrab Khan , at h i s p leasu re-house

at Sangameshwar i n the Gha t s, are b rought before Aurangz i b at

Talapur, when , refus i ng to accept I slam , they are cruel ly tor tured

and pu t to death wi th Sambhaji’

s favou ri te,Kabkalas or Kalus

'

ah,

March 1 4 . Raja Ram i s acknowledged successor to his brother

Samb haji .

Shuj a‘at Khan quel l s a mu t i ny among the Ahmadabad t roops .Shais ta Khan re s i gns the prov i nce of Bengal, and Nawab

Ibrah im Khan , son of‘A li Mardan Khan

,succeeds .

Oc t . 2 8 : Muharram 1 5, H . 1 1 0 1 . Raigarh fort , i nves ted by

the imper ial t roops , i s be trayed by a d iscon ten ted Maratha, S t

’

tryaji

Pi ral . Samb haji’

s i n fan t son S ivaj i (cal led Sahu) wi th h i s motherYesubai , are taken to the Mughal camp .

Nov . 5 : The“ Chandos ” arr ives at Madras w i th news of

Wi l l iam of O range’s access ion to the Engl i sh crown . The k ing

and queen are proclaimed .

Dec . 1 0 : S i r J oh n Ch i ld sends Messrs Wel ldon and Navarro,

wi th a merchan t , Miyan N iz am i , to B i japur to sol i c i t from Aurangz i bpro tec t i on for the i r subj ect s and sh ipping .

The servan ts of the B I . Company determ ine to make

Calcu t ta thei r headquar ters .

H . 1 1 0 1 . Raja Ram ,Sambhaji

’

s b ro ther, now regen t , pro

ceeds to J i nj i , where he i s proclai med Raja, h i s ch i ef advi ser be i ngPrahlad N iraj i, under the new t i t le of Pritinidhi .

Amanat Khan , with the t i t l e of I‘timad Khan

,i s appoin ted

Governor o f Surat .

Feb . 4 : S i r Joh n Ch i ld , Governor of Bombay , d ies, and MrBar tholomew Harri s from Surat i s appoi n ted governor, and Mr

Cook,depu ty governor .

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1 34 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

a guard on the Engl i sh factory, but removes i t , the pi rate prov ing

to be a Dan i sh vessel .

Apri l 2 7 The Engl i sh factors i n Bengal ob tai n a newfarmanfrom A urangz i b , gran t i ng l i berty of trade i n Bengal on paymen tof rupees i n l ieu of cus tom .

H . 1 1 0 2 . The Jat s rebe l near Agra and plunder a caravan .

Agha Khan i s k i l led i n i nves t i ng one of thei r stronghold s . Khan

Jahan Kokultash recal l ed for i nab i l i ty to quel l previou s r iot s .

Sayy id Shah j i , l eader of the Matiah and Momna sects

fol lowers of the I sma‘i l iah Imams - ~ordered to be sen t to cour t byAurangz i b on th e charge of heterodoxy, commi ts su i c ide . His

fol lowers se i ze Bharoch fort and pu t the governor to death . Thesucceed ing governor , Nazar

‘A l i K han

,i nvests the fort and defeats

the Momnas—mos t of them being slai n .

Sept . The Du tch,i n order to curtai l the i r expend i ture

,

surrender Chetwai to the Zamor i n of Cal i cu t .

Dec . Z i - l qa‘da,H . 1 1 0 2 . Pri nce Muhammad Mu‘azzam

Shah Alam , i s released from impr i sonmen t and res tored to favour .

The House of Common s,after hear i ng the claim s of the

London Company and those of the “ Assoc iat i on for part ic ipat i ngi n I nd ian Trade

,

” refers the mat ter to the k i ng.

H . 1 1 0 3. Ram Raja rescued by the Mara thas andacknowledged

Raja. Large forces under Santaji Ghorpade and D hanaji Jadhavare gath ered . Ramchander Pan t takes Wai from the Mughalfauj dar, and Parnala for t i s se i zed by Parshuram Trimbak .

Z ulfiqarKhan , accompan ied by Pri nce Kam Bakh sh , agai n lays

s iege to J inj i . The Mara thas defeat the bes i egi ng army . Many

Mughal s take refuge at Madras . Dec .

,the Governor of Madras

i n re turn ob tai n s a law ! from Vazi r A sad Khan and NawabZ ulfiqar Khan for the subu rb s of Egmor

,Parsawakkam and

Tandayarpet.

Than,headquar ters of the predatory Kath i s , s tormed by the

Gujara t Viceroy,Shuja‘at Khan . Di s turbances break ou t i n

Marwar under D urgadas Ra thod . The Viceroy al i enates the

ch ief landowners from thei r leader, who is expel led from Marwar .

H . 1 0 0 4 . Aurangz i b , at th e i n s tance Of the Turk i sh Sul tan ,proh i bi ts the sal e o f sal tpe t re to Chri s t ians, i ts use i n the manu

fac ture of gunpowder for the des truc t i on o f Muhammadans be i ng

AUR A N G Z I B‘ALAMG IR . 1 35

obj ec ted to . The Eas t I nd ia Company’s servan t s i n Bengal arethu s kept from thei r ch i ef sou rce of commerce .

Trade at Surat and Bombay weakened by i n terlopers, Engl i shpi rates

,and “ perm i ss ion sh ips .” The Mughal au thor i t i es are

i rr i tated w i th the Company’s servants .

Oct. 1 1 War hav i ng been declared between the Engl i sh and

French , the“ El izabeth i s captured by four French sai l 50

l eagues from Bombay .

Oc t . 1 3 : Nathan iel H iggi n son succeeds as Governo r of Madras,Mr Yal e bei ng d i sm i ssed for hav i ng rel i nqu i shed the West Coas tor Sumat ra t rade .

Dec . 1 3 : Si r Joh n G oldesborough takes office at Madras, as

Comm issary General and Superv i sor of the Company’s affai r s

i n I nd ia.

” He confi rm s Pres iden t H iggi n son i n the governmen t .

An A t torney -General sen t to Madras for the better regu lat io n

of the Company’s i n terest s .

Jan. 1 0 : Job Charn ock,pres iden t of the Bengal factori es

,and

founder o f Calcu tta, d i es i n the set tl emen t at Chatanati .

H . 1 1 0 4 : Santaji Ghorpade, th e Maratha general , harasses

the Mughal camp at Brahmapuri , al so defeat s I sma‘i l Khan and

Rustam Khan near Satara. O th er Mughal defeat s fol low.

Vijaya Ranga Chokanatha Nayyak succeeds h i s father,Ranga Kri shna Mut tu V irappa Nayyak at Madura Mangamal ,

grandmother of the i n fan t Nayyak , ac ts as regen t .

March : Z ulfiqar Khan , now before J i nj i,seek s to borrow

pagodas from the Madras Counc i l . Mr Higgi nson sends

a presen t,bu t decl i nes to lend the sum asked . An at tack on

Madras feared .

Apri l A muti ny occurs at S t Helena, in wh ich the Governor,Cap t . John son

,i s k i l led .

May 2 8 : Dom Pedro A n ton i o de Noronhas, Conde de Vi l la

Verde,succeeds as Viceroy at Goa, wh ich had been governed by

a Comm iss ion for two year s .

June 1 3 : S i r John G oldesborough proceeds to Fort S t Davidor Tegnapatam ,

where the Dutch had landed ordnance and

m il i tary s tores . He commences the erec t i on of work s, and fixes

the bounds of the Engl i sh sett l ement . Aug. 1 2 : he arr ives

at Chatanati , and orders the t ransference of Mr E ll i s to For t

1 36 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA.

St George,appoi n t i ngas governor Mr Eyres , ch ie f of the Dhaka

fac tory .

Aug. A Du tch fleet appears before Pond icher i . Sept . 8,

Francoi s Mar t i n demands a parley,and capi tulat i on term s are

wres ted from h im . The French qu i t Pond icher i . I t was res tored

by the Treaty o f Ryswick,1 69 7.

Governor H iggi n son and the B ishop of S t Thome d i spu te

regard i ng the exerc i se of eccles ias t i cal au thori ty wi th i n the

Engl i sh boundari es .

The Nayyak of Punamal i di spu tes the cess i on of the v i l lages

gran ted i n 1 69 2 . The Vaz i r o f A urangz i b gran ts them anew .

The Company’s Char ter forfei ted i n con sequence of fai l i ngi n the paymen t o f 5 per cen t . l ev ied 0 11 al l Joi n t S tock compan ies .

Oct . 1 Wil l iam I I I . gran t s a new Char ter to the Eas t I nd iaCompany

,confi rm i ngal l thei r former pri v i leges, bu t ob l igi ng them

to comply w i th al terat i on s the k i ng m igh t i n fu tu re th i nk proper

to make . The Company en ter i n to an ob l igat ion to expor t

of Bri t i sh manufac tu res. The r igh t of the k ing togran t a Char ter i s den i ed by Parl iamen t . Nov . 1 1 an addi t i onal

C harter gran ted for augmen t i ng the Company’s s tock

,for defin ing

the i r term, and spec i fy i ng the qual ificat i on s of P ropri e tors to

vo te at th e General Cour ts . The Court of Di rec tors warn the

pres iden t s of the renewed ac t iv i ty o f i n ter lopers .

H . 1 1 0 5 : Pr ince Kambakhsh arres ted fo r suspected t reasonat J i nj i ; the general s, Jumdat

’

ul Mulk and Z ulfiqar Khan , come

under A urangz i b’

s d i spleasu re .

Jan. S i r John G oldesborough, Comm issary—General i n I nd ia,d ies . May. S i r Joh n Gayer succeeds as General o f al l I nd ia.

Bengal is agai n made subord i nate to Madras .

May 1 0 : Pres iden t Harr i s o f Surat d i es . Dan iel Annesley

succeed s,andas Depu ty-Governor of Bombay . May 1 7, S i r J ohn

Gayer i s appoi n ted governor .

Khafi Khan , the Muhammadan h i s torian , v i s i ts the Engl i s h

res idency at Bombay .

J une : The trade embargo i n Bengal removed from the

European nat i ons .

June : A fort ified Engl i sh set t lemen t at Anj engo is sanct ioned

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1 38 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I NDIA.

se t t l ement s . The Viceroy br ibes the Mughal court iers to advocatepeace, by offeri ng fac i l i t i es for Ob tai n i ng ammun i t i on and cannon .

The Governor of Madras sol ic i t s the K i ng Of Burma for

protec t i on for t raders,and recei ves encouragemen t to se t t le i n

the Burmese domi n ion s .

June 2 6 The Parl iament of Sco t land passes an Act enab l i ngthe k i ng to cons t i tu te a Scot t i sh Company w i th powers to t radeto Afr ica and the I nd ies , wi th ex ten s ive pr iv i leges .

S i r T . Cook,Chai rman and Governor of the London Company,

comm i tted by the Common s to the Tower,for re fus i ng to gi ve

an accoun t o f the money spen t i n br ibes .

The homeward bound fl ee t of I nd iamen i s se i zed by the

French off the coas t of Galway .

The port of Cal icu t ravaged by the p i rate, Capt . Kidd .

H . 1 1 0 7 Subhan Rai wri tes th e K/zalasata-z‘TawarZ/z/z .

H . 1 1 0 7 :‘A li Mardan Khan at tacks Santajr G horpade at

Kavarpak near J i nj i , but i s rou ted , taken cap t i ve and released

on ransom . The Mara thas beat i n the Mughal outpos t s i n every

d i rec t i on , and make over tures to Pr i nce Kambakhsh.

A nurad S ingh of E t i d ies,and Budh Si ngh succeeds .

The Engl i sh,Du tch

, and French i n Bengal s ide w i th the

Nawab agai n s t th e Raja of Burdwan and the rebel s . The Nawab

gi ves the fac tors l iber ty“ to defend themselves . ” Th i s leads to

the erec t i on of the origi nal For t Wil l iam at Govi ndpur, Calcu t ta.

The Dutch ass i s t i n re tak ing Hagli ; the rebe ls flee to Satgaon

and make progress i n Wes tern Bengal .

Feb . Surat th reatened w i th an at tack of Marathas , who , under

Ram Raja,had approached to Nandarbar. Ac t i ve preparat i on s

ward off the assaul t .

June : An i ndec i s i ve engagemen t takes place off V ingorla

be tween seven Du tch and five French sh ips .

J une 2 7 : The Mughal Governor of Surat orders the release

of th e Surat pres iden t, Mr Annes ley , and counc i l , but trade

remai n s res t rai ned .

Sep t . On the appearance of five p irates i n the Red Sea underEngl i sh colours

,al l European vessel s are proh i bi ted from

en ter i ng Surat .

AUR A N G Z I B‘ALAMGIR . 1 39

Sept . 2 The Por tuguese conc lude a treaty of peace w i th theZamorin , provid ing for the erect i on of a church at Cal icu t , andthe re imbursemen t of losses su s tai ned through Moor i sh depreda

t i ons . The Zamori n engages not to trade wi th the enem ies of thePortuguese .

Sept . 30 : A great s torm at Bombay

The crew s o f the Company’s sh ips Mocha and “ Josiah

mut iny, murder the i r officers, and t urn pi rates .

March : The Bengal i rebel s capture the Dutch and Engl i sh

factories at Malda . Pri nce ‘Azim -u sh Shan,grand son of Aurang

z i b,was appoin ted by h im Governor of Bengal , B ihar, and O r i s sa,

supersed ing I brahim Khan,whose son i s ordered agai n s t th e

rebels, and defeat s them at Rajmahal i n May. The pr ince,‘Azim-ush Shan,as sum ing command , the rebel s agai n col lec t .

H . 1 1 0 9 : Husai n‘A li Khan

,a Mughal general

,at tack s the

Mara thas near Talner, i s wounded and captured . The Marathasex tort rupees from the people o f Nandarbar andTalner.

March : An encoun ter takes place be tween the Portuguese

I ndian fleet and p irates, th e Viceroy stat i ng that the crews were

ch iefly Engl i sh . I n v i ew of the alarm ing i ncrease of p i racy, S i r

John Gayer recommends an appl icat i on to th e k i ng for au thori tyto t ry and condem n pirates i n I nd ia.

March 1 6 A Company of Commerce es tab l i sh ed at G oa, bu t

ceases to ex i s t i n 1 70 1 , on the l oss of Mombasa.

D urgadas Rathod , i n whose charge were the ch i ldren of Pr i nce

Akbaf, becomes reconc i led to the emperor, and personal ly res tores

the ch i ldren to the i r grandfather .

Z ulfiqar Khan suspec t i ng Prin ce Kambakhsh of i n tr igue w i th

the Marathas , sends h im to the royal camp, where he is re l eased .

Z ulfiqarKhan is now compel led to pres s the s i ege o f J i nj i .

The Jankamir of Vepery attempt s to co l lec t land custom s on

goods go i ng to Madras .

Aug. 1 6 : The Por tuguese Vi ceroy concludes a t reaty w i th

the King of Sunda to regu late t rade and perm i t the i n troduct io n

of the Cathol ic Church i n to h i s k ingdom .

The Dutch,ordered to reduce m i l i tary expend i tu re, are no

longer form idable .

1 40

A . D .

I 69 7

TI I E CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA .

The Engl i sh i n terlopers bri be the Nawab of Bengal to perm i t

free trade .

Nov . The Ran i of Att i ngal sends a force to ej ec t the Engl i sh

fac tors as p i rates from Anj engo .

Jan. 2 : Mr Wal sh,agen t of the E l . Co . ,

arr i ves i n ‘Azim -ush

Shan ’s camp to sol i c i t res t i tu t i on of proper ty and free t rade i nBengal . I n Ju ly some pri v i l eges are obtai ned and perm iss ion

to purchase from Pr i nce‘Azim the v i l lages o f Gov i ndpur, Sutanati ,and Kal ikata as a zam i ndari . At G ovi ndpur For t Will iam i s

bu i l t and becomes the seat of governmen t .

Feb . 1 7 : Sha‘ban 6,H . 1 1 0 9 . J i nj i fort i s taken by

Z ulfiqar Khan after eigh t years’ s iege

,Ram Raja’s escape to

V ishalgadh be ing conn ived at ; thence he wen t to Sa tara whichbecomes his cap i tal .

Santaj i Ghorpade i ncurs the i l l-wi l l o f the general D hanaji

Jadhav, i s pursued and at las t assass inated wh i le bath ing, by

Naguji Manai,a former Mara tha Sardar now i n the imper ial

serv ice . (Khafi Khan dates th i s i n

Apri l 1 : The Du tch Eas t I nd ia Company perm i t twel ve

Carmel i te monks and one b i shop to res ide at Coch in , butexclude al l o ther European m iss ionar ie s of whatever order

or nat i on .

D urgadas Rathod, on th e death of I‘timad Khan , is made

Governor of M i r tha d i s t r ic t .

May 1 3 : The cou r t d i sm i sses Samuel Annesl ey, pres iden t at

Surat,su spec t i ng h im of ob s t ruc t i ng the Company’s t rade to h i s

own interest~ recal led to the serv ice. 1 70 9 .

The Bengal rebe ls k i l l Khwaja Anwar,Pri nce ‘A z im’

s

coun sel lor,and at tack the royal camp

,bu t are defeated wi th

t h e los s of thei r leader, Rah im Shah .

Bengal i s made i ndependen t of For t S t George o r Madras .

J u ly 7 : Mr Thomas P i t t made Governor o f Madras : to befor twelve mon ths i ndependen t of S i r J oh n Gayer th e Comm issaryGeneral . His orders are to l im i t the se t t l em en t s on the coas t

to Madras , For t S t David , and Vi z agapatam ; to adm i n i s ter

j u s t i ce ; and t o act agai n s t i n terlopers .

Sep t . 2 0 : A n ton io Lu i z Goncalves da Camara Cou t i n ho

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1 42 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA.

Imprac t icable,the Engl i sh Company’s funds not perm i t t i ng a j o i n t

stock to be formed,nor purchase of factori es i n I ndia to be made .

H . 1 1 1 0 Ram Raja l eaves Satara at the head of a large army

and marches i n to Berar . The Mughal s make l i t tl e impress ion onh i s force . A urangz i b adopts a new p lan

,that o f s i ege and pursu i t

combined .

B ishn S ingh of Jaypu r d ies . B i jay S ingh succeeds, rece iving

the name of Jaysingh I I .

Ch ikka Deva Raja of Mai sur sends an embassy to Aurangz ib’

s

court at Ahmadnagar to obtai n recogn i t i on of h i s author i ty overh i s newly conquered terr i tori es . Perm i s s ion i s granted h im to

bear the t i t l e Jagat Deva Raja, and to sit on an i vory th rone .

A pri l : The “ Shrewsbury,”

an i n terl opi ng ves sel,arr i ves at

Surat wi th in tel l igence o f the es tabl i shment of the new Company .

J u ly : S ir Edward L i t t leton arr ives at Hugl i as Presiden t of

the new Co.

’

s affai r s and King’s Consu l . Mr Beard,sen ior

counc i l l or, i n t imates the i n ten t i on of the London Company tomai n tai n th ei r pos i t i on t i l l 1 70 1 .

Sept . 5 Si r Wi l l iam Norri s,ambassador o f the n ew Company

,

arr ives at Masu l ipatam . H is author i ty i s di savowed .

Nov . 6 : Messrs Mewse and Brooke,subord i nate officers of

the Engl i sh Company, arr i ve at Surat as factors .

Dec . S i r C . Eyre of the London Company,former ly agen t

at Chatanati , is i n st ruc ted to bu i ld a s trong pen tagonal for t at

Calcu t ta,to be cal led For t Wi l l iam

, and th e factory to be con

st i tuted a presi dency wi th a cou nc i l of five members .

The Dan i sh settlemen t at Tranquebar at tacked by the Rajaof Tanj or .

Dec . 1 8 : Jumada I I . 2 5, H . 1 1 1 1 . Satara,the Maratha cap i tal

,

i s bes i eged by the Mughal s, bu t holds ou t for some m on ths .

H . 1 1 1 1 :‘Abdu l Jal i l Sayy id of B i lgram

,whose poe t i cal

name was “Wasi ti,

” i s presen ted to Aurangz i b , and ob tai n s ajagi r or mansab w i th the offices of Bakh sh i and news-wri ter ofGujara t—he i s au thor of several works . Died Rabi‘I . 2 3, 1 1 37.

Jan. The three v i l lages of Satanati,Kal ikata, and Govi ndpur

formal ly purchased by the London Company from Pri nce‘A zim -ush Shan .

Jan. 1 1 S i r N icolas Wai te,formerly the old Co .

’s agen t at

A UR A N G Z I B‘ALAMGI R . 1 43

Bantam ,now King’s Con su l and Pres iden t of the new Company,

reaches Bombay where S i r Joh n Gayer refuses to recogn i se him .

Jan. 1 9 : he arr i ves at Surat, and on the fac tor’s refusal t o s tr ike

h i s flag, he has i t forc ib ly removed from the factory . These vi olen tscenes are re sen ted by the Mughal s , and trade i s agai n su spended .

March : Shawwal , H . 1 1 1 1 . Ram Raja of Satara d ies of

smal lpox at J i nj i . His son,Karan , su rv ives h im on ly a few days .

Seiwa, an i n fan t son , placed on the mam aa’ under guardianship

of Ram Chand Pand i t, and the regency of h i s mo ther Tarabai .

Apri l : The London Co . obtai n a verd ic t agai n s t the i r r ival s,

Capt . Heath havi ng sei zed the property of i nd i vidual s on the

London Co.

’

s sh i p “ Neptune . Apr i l 1 1 the London Companyobtai n an Act of Parl iamen t for con t i nuance of the i r Corporat ion .

The k ing recommends a u n ion of the two i n teres ts .

May 1 : Z i -l qa‘da 1 3, H . 1 1 1 1 . Aurangz ib takes Satara fort .Parli i s immed iately i nvested, and su rrenders i n June : Muhar

ram , H . 1 1 1 2 .

S . 1 756 . Rana Jaysingh of Udaypur d ies . Amara,h i s revol ted

son,succeeds , and form s a pr ivate treaty wi th Shah ‘Alam

(Bahadu r Shah ), the Mughal h ei r -apparen t .

A t Madras, d isputes occur between Consu l J ohn P i t t and

Pres iden t Thomas P i t t .

Dec . 1 0 S i r W il l iam Norr i s, M .P ., ambassador to the Mughal ,arr ives at Surat and by br ibes secures a publ ic en try . S i r Joh n

Gayer d i savows h i s author i ty and sends a vak i l to court .

Commodore Warren of the Engl i sh Co . d ies at Surat . S i rEdward L i t t le ton succeeds . Si r N icolas Wai te accuses h im of

part ial i ty to the London Company and denounces the lat ter tothe Mughal as i n st igator s of the pi rac i es i n I nd ia.

Mar S imon , sen t by the Nestor ian patr iarch to Malabar asb ishop

,i s captured by the Jesu i ts and taken to Pond icher i

,where

he was put i n i ron s and d ied .

Jan. S i r Char les Eyre ret i res from the London Company’spres idency of B engal . Mr John Beard, j un .

, succeeds .

Jan. The Portuguese obstruct the land ing of provi s i on s at

S i on for Bombay .

Jan. 1 2 Miraj i s occupied by the Mughal s, bu t retaken by theMarathas i n H . 1 1 1 4.

1 44 TH E CHRON OLOGY OF I ND IA .

Jan. 2 2 : S i r N . Wai te lodges a complai n t w i th the MughalGovernor of Surat

,demand ing that the fac tors of the London

Company be Impri soned for i n su l ts shown to S i r Wil l iam Norri sac t i ng for t h e new E . I nd ia Company . The governor refus i ng to

i n terfere,S i r W . Norri s o rders S i r John Gayer

,h i s w i fe

,and two

members of Counc i l to be se i zed .

J an. 2 7 Si r W. Norri s leaves Surat and on Apri l 2 8 ob tai n s anaud ience of Aurangz i b at Panhala . A faM /Zdfl i s ob tai ned for thethree pres idenc ies bu t no real advan tage i s derived . Nov . 5, heleaves for Surat bu t i s detai ned on the way by Ghazi-ud dinKhan , th e m in i s te r.

Feb . 8 The Cour t of D i rectors d i sapprove of the i n temperate

conduc t of S i r N icolas Wai te,and advi se commercial r i val ry

rather than assump t i on of author i ty . The Surat governor’s son,

by order of Aurangz i b , se izes S i r John Gayer, h i s w i fe, Pres iden t

S . Col t,and others, and impri sons and barbarously u ses them at

Surat .

The French leave Surat and concen trate at Pond icher i .

March 1 3 : The Depu ty - Governor of Bombay repor ts the

capture by Marathas o f several vessel s . Encoun ters con t i nue

between the Marathas and the S iddis.

Apri l 1 7- 2 3 : A Comm i ss i on of seven appoin ted by a general

Cour t to rece ive or make proposal s for a Union between theLondon and the Engl i sh Eas t I ndia Compan ies . S i r Bas i l

Firebrace i s empowered to adj ust th e term s .

H . 1 1 1 2 Muhammad Had i , son of a poor B rahman,i s

appoi n ted dire/an of Bengal w i th the t i t le Kartalab Khan .

June 7 : Z i - l hijja, H . 1 1 1 2 . Parnala fort su rrendered to Aurang

z i b afte r a protracted s i ege. The forts of Vi shalgarh, S ingarh,Purandhar, Rajgarh , and Torna are nex t reduced .

A urangz i b orders compen sat ion to be made by the var iou sEuropean Compan ies for losses sustai ned by h i s subj ec ts from

the depredat i ons of Eu ropean p i rates .

Kidd,th e p i rate

,taken and hanged i n England .

June 1 3 : Chri stopher Boone appoin ted fi rs t coroner at

Bombay .

Sept . 1 7 Dom Fr . Agost inho da A nnunciacao and Dom

Vasco Lu i z Cou t in ho take over the governmen t at Goa, t i l l 1 70 3.

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1 46 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA.

The two Compan ies under a Court of twen ty- four Managers to be

al lowed to trade for seven years on the Charter of the Engl i shCompany, to w ind up thei r affai rs, when th e Compan ies should be

fi nal ly and completely un i ted,tak ing the name of “ The Un ited

Company of Merchan t s tradi ng to the Eas t I nd ies . The

factori es of the O ld Company are de tai l ed as,Bombay : Surat ,

Swal ly, Bharoch , Ahmadabad , Agra, and Lucknow . I n Malabarfort s and factori es of Karwar, Tel icheri , Anj engo , and Cal icu t .

Pers ia : factor ies of Gombrt'

tn,Sh i raz

,and I sfahan . Madras

For t S t George,Fort S t Dav id , Kudalt

‘

tr,Por to Novo

,Pettapol i

(Nizampatam ), Masu l ipatam,Madhapolem ,

and Vizagapatam .

On Sumatra : York Fort,Benkalen

,I ndrapur

,Tyamong, and

Sellebar ; al so, Tonqu in i n Coch i n Ch i na. For t Wil l iam : Chata

nati (Cal cu tta), Balasor, Kasim bazar, Dhaka , H t‘

rgl i , Malda,Rajmahal, and Patna ; al so, the i sland of S t Helena. The NewCompany enumerate on ly—factor ies at Surat

,Masul ipatam , Mad

hapolem,and on the i s lands of Borneo and Pulo Condor .

The stock of the O ld Company, of the New Corn

pany, and of separate trades, —making ato tal of two m i l l i on s s terl ing.

I n I ndia th e oppos i ng i n teres ts s t i l l con t inue to clash,espec ial ly

at Surat .

Aug. 2 The Engl i sh Company’s sh ip “ Norri s b lown up off

D i t‘

t Poin t .

Nov . 2 Great s torm at Bombay .

H . 1 1 1 4 : Pri nce Muhammad A‘zam Shah appoi n ted fort ie thViceroy of Gujarat and Govern or of Ajm ir and Jodhpur, th e

m in i ster Khwaja‘Abdu l Hamid Khan to order the prov i nce t i l lh i s arr ival .

A urangz ib i n tr igues for the death of D argadas Rathod ,Governor of Patan ; th e lat ter escapes a pursu i ng par ty th roughthe devo t i on of h i s grandson and Raj pu t servan ts, who coverhis retreat at the cos t o f thei r l i ves .

May 8 : Mr John P i t t, Consu l of the Engl i sh Company, diesat Madras . Fort S t Dav id made subord inate to For t S t GeorgeGabr ie l Roberts appoin ted Pres i den t .

June 4- 1 8 : The Court of Managers reappoin t S i r Joh n Gayer

to be General and Governor of Bombay,M r Burn i s ton Deputy

1 70 4

I 70 5

AURA N G Z I B‘ALAMG IR . 1 47

Governor,and S i r N icolas Wai t e Pres iden t of Surat . Pres iden t

Beard confi rmed in h i s office i n Bengal anda Comm iss ion of e igh t

appoin ted to con tro l al l proceed ings .

Ju ly 3 A defen s i ve al l iance formed between Queen Anne,the

S tates General,and th e K ing of Portugal, guaran tee i ng the safety

of the i r respec t i ve possess ion s i n I nd ia. Bombay to be acknow

ledged as an Engl i sh possess i on,and Por tuguese vessel s to have

the same access to Malacca as those of o ther European nat i on s .

Oct . 2 : Caetano de Mel lo de Cas tro, the Viceroy , succeedsthe Comm i ss i o n at G oa.

Jan. 1 0 : The Cour t of the Engl i sh Company censure S i r

Edward L i t t le ton at Hagl i for negl igence i n t ran sm i t t i ngaccoun t s .Secret orders are sen t to four sen ior members of Counci l to report

on h i s p roceedi ngs .

Jan. 2 2 An indec is i ve engagemen t between seven Portuguese

and seven Arabian sh ips takes place off S urat .

S i r John Gayer, the London Company’s servan ts at Surat

,and

the D u tch agen ts are i mpri son ed , and new securi ty bonds ex torted

by the Mughal governor, i n consequence Of the capture o f aMakka sh ip by a p i rate . The Dutch fleet b l ockade Surat andob tai n a prom i se of release from the secu ri ty bond .

Feb . 1 7 Rajgarh Mara tha for t taken by the Mughal s .

Ch ikka Deva Raja of Mai su r d ies,havi ng es tabl i shed a

prosperou s s tate ex tend ing from Pal n i and A nemale to M idagesi,and from Baramahal to K i ng and Balam . Kanthirava Raja

,cal led

Mak -arasu ( the deaf and dumb) succeeds, t i l l 1 7 1 4.

H . 1 1 1 6 : Murshid Quli Ja‘far Khan appo in ted Governor of

Bengal . He founded Murshidabad as h i s cap i tal he d ied abou t

1 7 2 6 .

J une : The Company’s sh i p “ Neptune wrecked off Cape

Comori n . The nat ives carry o ff th i rty Ches ts of t reasu re .

Nov . S i r N icolas Wai te,who was appoin ted to succeed S i r

J ohn Gayer i n case of vacancy,basely con tr i ves to prolong h i s

de tent i on by bri bes and m isrepresen tat i on s . He now takes

possessi on of Bombay and appo i n ts Mr A islab ie Deputy-Governor

on the death of Mr B u rn i s ton .

Jan. The Cour t of D irectors formal ly revokes the Commiss i on

1 48 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA.

to S i r Edward L i t t l e ton as Pres iden t o f Bengal and d i sm isses

h im from the serv i ce .

Jan. 1 9 : Peace concluded be tween the Portuguese and theKing of Kanara, the lat ter to pay t r ibu te i n r ice, to furn i sh s tone

for a for t at Mangalor, and to recompense the s tate for expen ses

of a previou s war.

The G oa Viceroy i n person takes command of an expedi t i onagai n s t B ichol im .

Jan. 2 9 : Commodore Harland, wi th the queen’s flee t

,l eaves

I ndia.

Feb . 2 0 : Aurangz i b hav i ng moved sou th besi eges Wak inkera,S E . of Bijapti r, wh ich at l eng th capi tulates May 6 .

March 2 : Allen Catchpoole, factor at Pulo Condor,w ith

near ly al l th e Engl i sh on the i s land , are murdered by the i r

Macassar garr i son .

H . 1 1 1 4 : The Mara thas overrun Gujarat and Kandesh,and

ravage Malwa. Th ey defeat Safdar Khan Bab i at Ratanpur.Z ulfiqar Khan and Ghazi -ud di n Khan sen t agai n s t them . The

Mughal s make over tures for an accommodat i on , bu t on the

i ncreas i ng i n solence of the Marathas , nego t iat i on s are broken off.

I brah im Khan,Viceroy of Kashm i r

,appoi n ted for ty -first

Viceroy of Gujarat . D urgadas Ra thod asks for and rece ives

pardon and secures the res torati on of his lands .

Pr ince Muhammad Bedar Bakh t for ty-second Viceroy ofGujara t t i l l 1 70 6 . He appoin t s Amanat Khan Governor of Surat

and Khambay.

Mar Gabri e l arr i ves at Kol lam ,i n an Engl i sh sh ip

,as Nestorian

B i shop of Malabar ; he d ied 1 730 .

Jan. 3 1 : After twen ty- two years’ absence Aurangz ib re tu rns

to Ahmadnagar .

Feb . 5 : Pri nce A‘zam Shah request s perm i ss ion to res ign h i s

governorsh i p of Gujara t and re tu rn to court . Muhammad

I brah im Khan is appoi n ted governor .

A‘zam Shah procures Pr in ce A‘z im-us-Shan’s recal l to court,

and quarrel s w i th Pri nce Kam Bakh sh , the favouri te son .

Ranga Kri shna, Nayakk of Madura,impri son s h i s grandmother,

Mangamal , and starves her to death .

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1 50 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA .

and h i s two grown-up sons were slai n , and Mu‘azzam reignedunder th e name of Bahadur Shah

,t i l l Feb . 1 7 1 2 .

Da‘t‘rd Khan Pann i appoi n ted Deputy-Governor of the Dekhanfor Z ulfiqar Khan .

June : For j o in i ng Pr i nce Bedar Bakh t, Jaysingh of Jaypu r

i s i nvaded : h e drive s ou t th e imper ial garr i son s and forms al eague w i th the Ranas of Udaypur and Jodhpur agai n st theMuhammadans .

June 1 9 : Ram Si ngh of Ko ta s lai n at Ajaju. Bh im Singh

succeeds .

Shahup escapes from the Mughal camp and proclaim s h im se l f

Raja. The regen t,Tarabai

,di spu tes h i s c laim and sends ou t

an army under D hanaji Jadhav and the Pritinidhi,Parsh uram

Trimbak . Dhamaj i i s won over to Shahuji who ob tai n s Satarafor t .

The Mara thas en ter Gujara t,approach i ng to Bat va near the

Viceroy’s camp . The Viceroy offers them rupees,and

Mara thas w i thdraw

Khem Sawant recei ves a deed from Shahuj i Raja, confirm i nghim i n the possess i on of Sawantwadi and hal f the revenues ofthe Salshi mahal .

Mursh id Qul i Ja‘far Khan begi n s a sys tem of oppress i on of

the zam i ndars of Bengal , depr iv ing them of al l power over thei r

lands,and all i n terference w i th the col l ec t ion .

The work s at Fort Wi ll iam by th i s t ime were somewhat

advanced,had a number of guns , and 1 2 5 sold iers, of whom hal f

were Europeans . The D irectors make Calcu t ta,which had been

h i therto subordi nate to Madras,a separate pres idency .

Jan. 6 : Peace between the Mughal Governor of Surat and

the Du tch i s arranged .

Feb . Z i—l qa‘da,H . 1 1 1 9 . Pri nce Kambakhsh

,i n revol t

agai n s t h i s bro ther, Bahadur Shah , i s defeated near Haidarabad ,and d ies o f h i s wound s .

March : Shahuji , or Shivaji I I .

,released on A urangz i b

’

s death ,formal ly ascends the throne of Sa tara and appoi n ts Bhairav Pan t

P i ngle as Peshwa . A Brahman Kulkarn i of S ri vardhan , now i ncharge of a v i l lage i n Chau l ; he i s afterwards known as Balaj i

Vi shvanath Peshwa . Shahuji prosecutes war on the party of

BAHADU R SHAH . 1 5 1

Tarabai , who al so claimed supremacy . Panhala,Vishalgarh , and

Rangna fort s are captured .

March : Muharram,H . 1 1 2 0 . The freebooter

,Pap Rai

,wi th

a force at tacks Orangal , and k i l l s twelve or th i rteen thou sand

people ; o ther depredat i on s fol low : the emperor i s pe t i t ioned

and Pap Rai I s bes ieged i n Tarakanda for n i ne mon th s, takenand execu ted .

Apri l 2 0 S i r N icolas Wai te d i sm i ssed from the serv ice o f the

Company as Governor of Bombay . His treachery had been d i s

c losed by h i s i n s trument,Rus tam

,a nat i ve broker ; bu t i n defiance

of orders from the Court he con t i nued to re tai n au thor i ty . Now

h i s Counc i l had i n January pu t h im i n confinemen t for maladm in i s trat ion . Wil l iam A islab ie, deputy-governor, i s appo in ted to

succeed,S i r John Gayer be ing st i l l a pri soner i n th e Su rat factory .

Gov ind S ingh , th e las t S ikh Guru , assass i nated at Nander i n

Haidarabad di s tr ic ts .

The S ikhs r i se i n rebel l ion i n the Panj ab and plunder ex

tensively. S hams Khan , faujdar o f the Jalandhar Duab , defeat s

them wi th a volun teer army at Rah i m.

Ghazi-ud-din Khan Bahadur F irt'

tz Jang appoi n ted forty-fourthViceroy of Gujara t

,t i l l 1 7 1 0 .

The Nawab of the Karnatak gives Uyasarpadi andNangabakamvi l lages to the Engl ish . A settl emen t i s al so formed at Tel icheri .The vi l lages of Tiruvettt

‘

tr,Shattankad, and Kattiwakkam

(E nnt‘

I r) are gran ted , Sep t . 2 5 resumed by Nawab Sa‘adatU l lah Khan

,1 7 1 3, but restored by the emperor, Jan. 5, 1 7 1 6 .

Sep t . 2 9 : S idney, Ear l o f Godolph in , Lord High Treasurer

of Great Bri tai n, pronounces an award regard i ng the fi nanc ial

pos i t i on o f the two compan ies,th e London CO. to pay

4s. 9d. to the Un i ted Co.

, and the lat ter to pay

45 . 2d. to the Engl i sh Co . The London Co . to ass ignto the queen the ir home debts . The Charter i s extended t i l l

March 1 72 6 , and the Compan ies i ncorporated as the Un i tedCompany of Merchants of England trad ing to the Eas t I nd ies .

The French E . I . Co. , bei ng i n strai t s, perm i t s private i nd i

viduals to equi p two vessel s i n the name of the Company for

I nd ia, bu t are losers on the transact ion . Le Cheval i er Herbertsucceeds M . D ul ivier as Governor of Pond i cheri .

1 52

A . D .

1 70 8

1 7 1 0

TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

Oc t . 2 8 Dom Rodrigue da Cos ta s ucceeds Caetano de Mel lode Castro as Viceroy at Goa.

H . 1 1 2 1 Rel ig iou s r i o t s b reak ou t i n var i ous c i t i es,be tween

the Sunn i and the Sh i‘ah Muhammadans on t h e emperor’s orderto i n troduce i n to the Az/zaz‘ba the word was? (hei r), as an at tri bu te

of the Khal i f‘A li . The le/zaz‘z‘é of Ahmadabad i s stabbed to death .

The Gh i lzai ch i ef,Mir Vai s , murders G hurgin Khan , the

Pers ian m in i s ter,and all the re t i n ue at a banque t near Qandahar :

the Afghans assume the Pers ians’ dress,en ter Qandahar and

mas ter the c i ty .

March Muharram 1 1 2 1 . The Marathas u nder Tarabai,

Rajaram’

s w idow,defeat Ahmad Khan

,Subahdar o f Burhanpar.

March 1 1 Samuel Annesley recal led to the serv ice of the

Un i ted Company .

March 30 : Ananda Ranga P i l lai , d iar i s t, born at Perambur,the son of Tiruvengada P i l lai , merchan t .

Shahu en ters i n to a compact wi th the Mughal s, and so renders

the reduct i on of Tarabai les s press ing .

Dec . : Shawwal . Muhammad Am i n Khan at tacked by S ikh s

at Shahdhara, and repu lsed . Repeated bat t le s fol low,and the

S ikh s are driven off to the moun tai n s of Barfi, Raja of S irm t‘

I r.

Anup S ingh o f B ikanir d ies . Sarup S i ngh succeeds . Phond

Sawant I I . of Sawantwadi succeeds h i s uncle Kham Sawant.

Apri l 2 2 Gran t of perpetu i ty i ssued by wri t of Pri vy Seal to

th e Eas t I ndia Company .

Sep t . 1 8 Thomas P i t t i s succeeded by Mr Gul s ton Addison,

bro ther o f Joseph Addi son,as Go vernor Of Madras ; di es Oc t . 1 7,

and i s succeeded by Edmond Mon tague, as ac t i ng Governor, t i l lN ov . 1 4, when Wi l l iam Fraser takes office , t i l l 1 7 1 1 .

The Jesu i t s des troy a Hindu temple at Pond icher i . Riots

ensue .

A commerc ial agen t i s appoin ted to at tend to Bri t i sh i n terest s

i n Burma.

The export s of th i s year were hal f as much agai n

as those of the previ ou s one .

Sa‘adat-U l lah Khan acknowledged Nawab of the Karna tak .

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1 54 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA.

Shan,and Jahan Shah are ki ll ed, and Mu

‘iz -ud din Jahandar

Shah , the eldes t son, i s c rowned emperor , Apr i l 2 0 : Rabi‘I . 1 4,

H . 1 1 2 4 . Z ulfiqar Khan appo in ted vaz i r. A few mon th s later

Farrukh - s iyar,son of ‘Azim -us Shan

,supported by the Sayy ids,‘Abdul lah Khan

,Governor of Patna

,and Husai n ‘A li Khan

,

Governor of Al lahabad,rai ses an army to oppose the new emperor .

Apri l 7 The Por tuguese concl ude a treaty wi th Bapu , Des’

ai

of Kudal e to preven t the lat te r from wagi ngwar on Phonda.

H . 1 1 2 4 : A saf-ud-daula i s appoin ted for ty-fifth Viceroy of

Gujarat,t i l l 1 7 1 3. He subdues the rebel l i ous Kol i s of the

Chunwal .

Shivaji , son ofTarabai , d ies at Kolhapu r. Sambhaji , a younger

son of Raja Ram,placed i n h i s s tead . Tarabai i s impr i soned

,

and Shabu’s ascendancy secured .

Jaysingh of Amber i nvest s Thun , hel d by Churamani , a rebel

Jat leader ; on i t s cap ture Badan S ingh , b rother of Jaysingh, i s

proclaimed at D igas Jat Thakur .

Exclus i ve t rade extended to Lady D ay 1 736 ( 1 0 A nne, c .

Sept . 2 1 Vasco Fernandez Ce’

sar de Menezes succeeds Dom

Rodrigue da Costa as Viceroy at G oa.

The French Eas t I ndia Company abandon s d i rec t sh i pp i ng,gran t i ng i t s pr iv i leges to the merchan ts of S t Mal o for payment .

FARRUKH-S IYAR .

Jan. 9 , OS : Z i -l hijja 2 3, H . 1 1 24 . Muhammad Farrukh - s iyar

and the Sayyids defeat the imper ial army at Khwaja, and next

day Farrukh - s iyar, son of‘Azim -ush Shan , ascends the th rone of

Dehl i . Z ulfiqarKhan be t rays Jahandar Shah to the enemy , bu ti s s t rangled wi th the emperor, Feb . 1 3 : Muharram 1 7, H . 1 1 2 5.

Qazi ‘Abdul lah,ch ief of Dhaka (Dacca), elevated to the

h ighe s t d ign i t i es u nder Farrukh -s iyar .

Khusro Khan,on rai s i ng the s iege of Qandahar, i s at tacked

by MirVai s,defeated and k i l l ed .

Muhammad Farrukh - s iyar i n tr igues agai n s t the Sayy ids,send i ng Husai n

‘A l i to Marwar wi th secret adv ice to Raja Aj i t

S i ngh to oppose h im . Husai n ‘A l i,however

,concludes a peace,

Aj i t S ingh engag ing to send h i s son ,‘A bhaya S ingh , to cou rt ,

FARRU KH -S IYA R . 1 55

and to give h i s daughter i n marr iage to Farrukh -si yar . Thi smarr iage takes place Dec . 7, 1 7 1 5 : Z i

—l hijja 2 2,1 1 2 7.

Shamanat Khan forty—s i xth Viceroy of Gujarat.Da‘t' I d Khan i s transferred from the Dekhan to Gujarat as

forty- seven th Viceroy,and Chi n Qul ij Khan

‘Asaf Jah appoin tedViceroy i n the Dekhan wi th th e t i t l e o f N izam -ul Mulk .

Chandrasen Jadhav, th e d isaffec ted Senapat i of the Marathas,goes over to the s ide of‘Asaf Jah N izam -ul Mulk . July

,a bat t l e

en sues between the Mughal s and Shabu ’s par ty,near Purandhar

,

withou t dec i s ive resu l t s . A 11 accommodat i on i s effected, and

Nizam-ul Mulk wi thdraws to Aurangabad .

Bahiropant P ingle, Shabu’s Peshwa

,proceeds agai n s t Kanh0 j 1

Angria, i s defeated and i mpri soned . Angria i s met and defeatedby Balaj i V ishvanath, who makes terms, gai n i ng Angria to take

the s ide of Shahu agai n s t the Kolhapu r fac t i on . Rup tures w i th

the S iddis of Janj i ra are suppres sed by Balaj i V ishvanath .

Under Ja‘far Khan the subha of Bengal i s n ow vi rtual lyi ndependen t of the emperor . Owing to Ja‘far Khan ’s vexat iou s

exac t i on s on the Engl i sh i n Bengal,an embassy i s sen t from the

se t t lement to protes t to the emperor .

A Carmel i te monk,Fr. Mau rico de San ta Theresa

,assumes

i ndependence i n Sunda as“ B i shop of the Propaganda

,

” makes

h i s headquar ters i n a temple,and res i s ts th e cal l o f the Viceroy

to leave the terri tor i es .

M . D ul ivierreassumes office as Governor—General at Pond icheri .

A final at temp t by the Cour t of I s fahan to annex Qandahar

resu l ts i n fai l u re .

H . 1 1 2 6 : Farrukh—s iyar al l ows h i s palace to be occupi ed bythe guard s of the Sayy ids

,wh i l e a reconc i l iat i on i s come to

be tween the two s tate fact ions .

A t Ahmadabad,Hariram

,a banker’s agen t

,hav i ng used a

Muhammadan roughly at the Hol i,confl i c ts occur between the

Musl im s and Hindus : bankers’ and j ewel lers’ houses are p i l laged .

Man‘im Khan i s appoin ted Governor of Surat i n success ionto‘Abdu l Hamid Khan

,and arr ives i n 1 7 1 5.

Feb . 1 9 : The Portuguese at tack Arab sh ips off Surat and do

much damage . Feb . 2 0,the Portuguese factors at Surat ob tai n

afar/nan l im i t i ng the i r du t ie s to 23 per cen t .

1 56 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

Balaj t Vi shwanath i s rai sed to the rank of Peshwa, henceforth

a heredi tary office i n h i s fami ly . Purandhar fort re ss i s gran ted

to h im as a res idence by Pant Sachiv.

Kanthirava Raja of Mai sur d ie s . Dodda Kri shna Rajasucceeds

,bu t proves un fi t fo r ru le . Disagreements between the

Mughal governors of S i ra and the Karnatak occur : fi nal ly a j o i n t

con federacy i s bough t off by the Mai sur Raja.

Sep t . 2 9 : The French Company gai n a renewal for ten years

of thei r pr i vi l eges,though unab le d i rect ly to make u se of them .

Char les V I .

,Emperor of Germany, gran ts comm is s ion s for

sh ips to trade to th e Eas t I nd ies . Th i s as soc iat ion makes several

su ccess fu l experimen tal voyages . He afterwards founded the

O s tend Company , so i nj ur i ou s to the i n terest s o f th e Engl i sh and

Dutch .

A new treaty i s conc luded by the Portuguese wi th the Raja ofSu nda, mak ing provi s i on for the housi ng o f Portuguese pr ies ts,and the ej ec t i on of the “ B i shop of the Propaganda.

”

Farrukh -s iyar sends Husai n ‘A l i to govern the Dekhan,at

the same t ime giv i ng secret i n s truc t i on s to Da‘t‘td Khan to opposeh im i n Kandesh. Sept . 2 4 : Ramazan 2 5, H . 1 1 2 7 The two

arm ies meet at the Lal Bagh of Burhanpur, when Da‘t‘

td Khan i s

k i l led . N imaji S ind ia, who had nom inal ly j o i ned D a‘r’

td Khan’s

par ty,plunders the defeated army .

Ziya Khan,Governor o f Surat

,opposes the governor-elec t

,

Mt'

tn‘im Khan

,bu t on the defeat of h i s garr i son h e g ives way.

Aj i t S i ngh,Maharaja of Jodhpur, for ty-e ighth V i ceroy o f

Gujarat,his son,

Kunwar Abhaya S ingh be i ng appoin ted Governor

of Sorath. Hai dar Qul i Khan—appoi n ted to Sorath andG ohi lwar—th en i n charge of the Viceroy’s depu ty

,Fath S i ngh Kayat, i s

w i th d iffi cu l ty i ns tal l ed i n h i s office,owing to d i sagreemen ts w i th

the Viceroy .

June 1 9 : Dr Cob be proposes the erect i on o f a chu rch i nBombay

,to wh ich Governor A islab ie subscri bes rupees

,

and th e E L Co . I t was comple ted i n 1 7 1 8.

Ju ly 8 : A Bri t i sh embassy,—of Messrs Su rman and S tephenson, factors from Bengal , wi th an Armen ian as i n terpre ter

,and

Wm . Ham i lton,su rgeon

,—arr i ves at Deh l i to sol ic i t secur i ty from

the oppress ion of the Mughal officers, when Surgeon Hami l ton

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1 58

A . D .

1 7 1 6

1 7 1 8

THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA.

Almeida the sh ips of e i ther nat i onal i ty to be al lowed free accessto port s and harbours of the o ther

,only pay i ng dues on the

goods landed.

M i r Mahmud, profi t i ng by a revol t of the Afghan populat i on

of Harat agai n s t thei r Per s ian Governor,Zaman Khan

,marches

to Z ami ndawar, at tacks,defeats

,and s lays h im . He then

occupies Hara t , and declares i t i ndependen t of Pers ia.

Jan. 6 A farmafz is gran ted to the E L Company exemp t i ngthe i r t rade from dut ies

,and al lowing them to purchase th i r ty

seven towns con t iguous to Calcu t ta,and to possess land around

the i r factor i es .

Jan . 8 : Joseph Col let, Governor of Madras,i n success ion to

Edward Harri son,t i l l Jan. 1 8

,1 72 0 .

Jan. 1 3 Dom Sebast iao de Andrade Passanha, Archb i shop

Pr imate,succeeds Vasco Fernandez Cesar de Meneze s as Governor

at G oa. Oc t . 1 6 : Dom Lu i z de Menezes , Conde de Er ice ira,takes o ffice as Viceroy .

The O s tend Eas t I nd ia Company started for t rade under the

protec t i on of the Emperor of Aust r ia,Pr ince Eugene send ing

two forty-pound vessel s to the Malabar coas t under imper ialcolou rs . The Company not regularly char tered t i l l 1 72 3.

Husai n‘A l i Khan makes peace wi th Raja Shahu , and acknow

ledges the lat ter’s c lai m to al l the terr i tory formerly possessed by

Shivaji : promi ses to res tore all for ts taken w i th i n that tract, and

to al low the levy of Maura over the Dekhan . Th is treaty i s no t

rat ified by Farrukh -s iyar .

Hai dar Quli Khan appoi n ted to succeed Aj i t S i ngh at

Ahmadabad : out of a sk i rm i sh be tween one of h i s officers and

a water-carr i er i n Safdar Khan Bab i’s re t i nue,a ser ious affray

break s ou t at P itlad. Safdar Khan col lec ts fol lowers,and i s

defeated th e fol lowing day. The Babi s escape to Palanpur .

Muhammad Am i n Khan appoi n ted Governor of Malwa.

Dec . 3 1 : The people of Por-patan , Prabhas-Pat tan or

V irawal,refus i ng to pay the annual t r ibu te , are bes ieged and

s tormed by the Portuguese Vi ceroy, and the town i s burn t .

Great fam ine i n Gujarat .

FARRUKH -S IYAR . 1 59

Mursh id Qul i Khan made Governor of B ihar i n add i t i on to

Bengal and O ri ssa.

Four of Kanh0 j 1 Angria’

s vessel s and two Portuguese sh ipsengage off Anjidiva.

Daman at tacked by the ch ie fs of‘A ssarceta’and Ramnagar .

A Portuguese force pursues them to Fathpur, where they bu rn the

place . The ch ief’s nephews sue for peace,wh ich i s conc luded .

Aug. 1 9 M . de la Provostiere appoi n ted ad z'

zzz‘erz

'

m Governor

at Pondicher i .

Sep t : Shawwal,H . 1 1 30 . Farrukh -s iyar i s reconc i l ed to Sayy id

‘A bdul lah Khan,i n t im idated by the th reaten ing att i tude of Husai n

‘A l i Khan who

,later

,i n Nov . : Muharram,

H . 1 1 32 , l eaves the

Dekhan for Dehl i at the head of Marathas .

Budh S ingh of Band i , a supporter of Bahadur Shah , i s d i spos

sessed by Jaysingh of Amber, who places D ul i l S ingh of Karwaron the throne .

Oct . Rama Kamat i , a confident ial servant of Pres iden t Boone

at Bombay,i n tr igues wi th Kanhoji Angria, advi s i ng h im to i nvade

the se t tl ement . I nqu ir ies are carr ied on for two years i n to the

charge .

An Act of Par l iamen t passed to pun i sh Br i t i sh merchan tstrad ing to I nd ia u nder fore ign comm i ss ion s .

The ex—Sultan Guelemot, of A naksungai , i n Sumatra, rai s i nga

force, des troyed the town of Yepu ( I ppoe ), wiih the B ri t i shResident and al l h i s people .

Dec . 2 5 : S t Thomas’ Church,Bombay

,formal ly opened

Richard Cob be, clergyman i n charge .

Safi Qul i Khan defeats the Usbaks on the Hara t fron t i er,but

i s defeated by the A bdali s whose power i s now estab l ished at

Harat .

A nat ive force ob l iged the Engl i sh to evacuate For t Marlborough or Benk t

‘

tlen,and take re fuge on the i r sh ips . Benkt

'

tlen

was ceded to the Dutch i n 1 82 5.

Feb . M . Hebert , Governor of Pond icher i , i s recal led in couse

quence of charges preferred agai n s t one Nainiya P i l lai who haddied i n pr i son . M . de la Provostiere succeeds .

1 60

A . D .

TH E CHRONOLOGY OF IN DIA.

R AF I‘UD D A R JAT A N D R AF I‘UD -DAULA

SHAHJAHAN 1 1 .

Feb . 2 5 : Rabi‘I I . 5, H . 1 1 3 1 . The Barha Sayy id s

,

‘Abdul lahKhan , Qu t b -ul Mulk and h i s bro t h er

,Husai n ‘A l i Khan Am i r-ul

Umra , wi th Aj i t S ingh of Marwar, en ter Dehl i , and depose , bl i nd ,and impri son Farrukh-s iyar . Feb . 2 8 : Rabi‘I I . 8

,they proclai m

R afi‘ud D arjat, a grandson of Bahadu r Shah . May 2 6 Rajab 9 ,

Farrukh - s iyar i s murdered .

Apr i l 2 9 : J umada I I . 9 . The Agra t roops set up Neko - s iyar,

son of Pri nce Muhammad Akbar and grandson of A urangz i b , as

Sul tan . J une 2 5 : Sha‘ban 7, Haidar Qul i K han is sen t agai n s t

h im,and Aug . 1 3 : Ramazan 2 7, the fort i s captu red and the

pr i nce w i th h i s supporter s impr i soned .

June 7 : Rajab 1 9 . R afi‘ud D arjat d ies of consump t i on and

h is bro ther, R afi‘ud-daula

,i s rai s ed to the th rone -wi th the t i t l e

of Shahjahan San i—who d ies w i th i n a few mon ths . I t i s dec ided

that th ese two bri ef reign s shou ld be st ruck ou t of the l i s t of

Su l tan s .

MUHAMMAD SHAH .

Oct. 9 : Z i -l qa‘da 2 5. The Sayy id bro thers e le vate to the

throne Roshan Akh tar,the son of Jahan Shah and grandson of

Bahadur Shah—a you th of seven teen—under the t i t l e of Muham

mad S hah,h i s reign to be reckoned from the death of

Farrukh - s iyar .

P i laj i Gaikwad, successor of D amaj t Gaikwad, marches on

Surat,defeats the imper ial t roops there and es tab l i sh es h im sel f

at Songad.

Maharaja A j i t S ingh fi ft ie th Viceroy of Gujarat, t i l l 1 72 1 .

The Nizam -ul -Mulk,secre t ly i n im ical to the Sayy id s

,i s

s uspected and transferred from the Dekhan to Malwa.

The Engl i sh and Portuguese u ni te to check Angria of Kolaba,bu t fai l .

Aug . The Portuguese fleet, after several i ndec i s ive ac t i ons,final ly rou t s th e Arab flee t .

Dec . Jaysingh of Jaypu r appoin ted the emperor’s deputy at

Agra and i n Ma lwa.

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1 6 2 THE CH RON OLOGY OF I N DIA .

fel t,and for a mon th afterwards there were lesser shocks ; bu i ld ings

thrown down,and peopl e k i l led .

H . 1 1 33 : Churaman Ja t k i l led i n bat t l e agai n s t Muhammad

Shah . Hi s son,Badan S i ngh

,succeeds .

Oc t . 1 1 :”

Li l hijja 9 .

‘Abdul lah Khan proclaim s MuhammadI brah im

,son of R af i‘ush—Shan , emperor, and assembl i ngan army

,

i s defeated and i mpri soned , Nov . 1 7 : Muharram 1 4, H . 1 1 33,

at Math ura .

Muhammad Shah makes a t r i umphal en try i n to D eh l i .

Aj i t S i ngh of J odhpur possesses h imsel f of Ajm ir, and in

dec i s ion on the par t o f the Mughal general s, Khan Dauran and

Qamar-ud-din Khan , causes a proposed exped i t i on agai n s t h im to

be abandoned . Aj i t S i ngh sends profess ion s of subm iss i on to theemperor

,and re tai n s Ajm ir.

Sept . 6 : War proclaimed by the Bombay Counc i l upon

Angria, for p iracy .

The Conde de Erice i ra, Portuguese Viceroy, erects a fort atDaman

,and rebu i ld s the fort s at D ia and Basse i n . A great

i nfl ux of ar t i san s improves the trade at these p laces .

Sep t . 1 2 Dom Franci sco José de Sampayo e Cas tro succeed sthe Conde de Erice i ra at G oa as Viceroy .

Oct . Balaj i V ishvanath, Peshwa, dies . Hi s son, Bajrrao, suc

ceeded h im as Peshwa,May 1 72 1 . I n the i n terval Abaj i Pan t

Purandhare t ransacted the Peshwa’s bus i nes s .

The last Pers ian garr i son i s expel led from Afghan i stan .

Mursh id Qul i Ja‘far Khan confi rm ed i n h i s rule over Bengal .The Company au thor i sed to borrow money to the exten t of

the sum s len t by them to the Governmen t,i f n ot exceed ing five

m i l l i ons s terl i ng . Dividend reduced from 5 to 4 per cent .

The French I nd ia Company offer to take up the deprec iated

notes of the Royal Bank, and to ex t i ngu i sh them at the rate offi fty m i l l ion s a month for a year

,prov ided i t s pr iv i leges are made

perpetual . Joseph Francoi s Duple ix appoin ted F i rst Counci l lor

and Mil i tary Commiss ioner at Pond icher i .

Jan. 5 The Conde de E r i ce i ra leaves G oa for Portugal.

Jan. 2 9 : Rabi‘I . 2 9 , H . 1 1 33. Muhammad Am i n Khan,

Muhammad Shah ’s Vazi r,d ies . ‘I nayat-u l la Khan appoi nted

MUHAMMAD SHAH . 1 63

Vazi r-Depu ty, the N izam-ul Mulk bei ng dest i ned for the

appoi ntmen t .

An tap S ingh , Deputy—Governor of Gujarat, commi ts manyoppressi ve acts . Str i fe ar i se s i n Ahmadabad

, and A nt‘I p S ingh

’s

and h i s m i n i ster Nahar Khan’s houses are s tormed : he i s

superseded by Haidar Quli Khan .

A pri l 1 5 : The factor of Anj engo ( i n Travankor), p roceed ingwi th an escort to give the usual annual presen t to the Ran i of

A t t i ngal , i s en t rapped by st ratagem and wi th h i s attendants i s

massacred .

May Baj trav V ishvanath i s formal ly i nvested wi th th e d ign i tyof Peshwa : Trimbakrao Dabhade i s made Senapat i . TheNizam -u] Mulk tempori ses both wi th Sambhaji and Shahu , andtr i es to evade the c/zaut/z, but y i eld s on the arr ival o f a farmanfrom Deh l i .

A Roman Cathol ic b i shop or v icar apostol i c i s appoin ted to

Ava and Pegu .

The Portuguese i nv i te the co-operat i on of the Engl i sh inat tack i ng Angria. Aug. 2 0 : Robert Cowan concludes an agreemen t wi th the Portuguese to supply 2 0 0 men and five sh ip s .Oct -Dec . sk i rm i shes occu r i n wh ich Angria has the advantage .

Dec . 30 : Angria i s re i n forced by horse from Baj irao.

Ribe i ro,B i shop of Kranganor, d ies, the last Rom i sh prelate

over th e Syr ian Church of Malabar .

Oct . 1 5 Nathan iel E lwich takes office as Governor of Madras,i n success ion to Franc i s Hast i ngs, t i l l Jan. 1 5, 1 72 5. He

succeeds i n gai n i ng securi t i es for twen ty-n i ne treasure-chest s

abstracted by ex-Governor Hast i ngs .

Oct . M . de la Provostiere d ies at Pond icheri . M . Leno i rtemporari ly succeeds and, on the arr ival of three r ich ly laden

sh ips,pay s off th e debt s of th e Company

,whence poor home

cargoes are retu rned .

Nov . 1 3- 1 5 : Severe storms at Madras . Bridges carr ied away

and sh ip s wrecked .

Jan. 1 : The Portuguese approached by Bajirav regard ing a

peace treaty w i th the Raja Shahu . Jan. 9 : a t reaty concluded

w i th Angria, by wh ich all the terr i t or ies of Portugal are to be

regarded as exempt from tr ibute mutual ass i s tance to be looked

1 64 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA .

for wi th the Marathas,intercommercial freedom i n the land ing of

merchandrse to be es tabl i shed—th i s agreement to be bi nd i ng onthe Engl i sh al so . Jan. 1 7 : the Portuguese and Engl i sh ves sel s

leave Kolaba .

Jan . Mir Mahm t‘

rd of Qandahar i n vades Pers ia. March 7he defeats the Pers ians at I s fahan , wh ich fi nal ly cap i tulates on

Oct . 2 2 . Shah Husai n i s confi ned wi th h i s fami ly and relat i ons,and thu s the Safavi dynas ty d ies out . Mahmud Gh i l zai becomes

Shah of Pers ia,l eav i ng Qandahar under Mir Husai n .

Feb . 1 1 : Ch in Qul leh Khan ‘A saf Jah,Nizam -ul -Mulk ,

appoi n ted vazi r to Muhammad Shah .

Haidar Qul i Khan leaves Dehl i for Gujarat,and there assumes

almos t royal author i ty . Nov .

,he i s superseded by ‘A saf Jah ,

Nizam-ul Mulk , who appoi n t s h i s u ncle, Ham i d Khan , to act as

h i s deputy and re turn s .

Raja Jaysingh conduct s an exped i t ion agai n s t th e Jats o f

Bharatpur, and captures two fort s.

Oct . 1 1 Z i - l hijja 30 , H . 1 1 34. Sayy i d‘A bdu l lah Khan d ies i npr i son .

An Engl i sh factory i s erected at I njaram ,Godavari d i str ic t i t

had been fou nded i n 1 70 8.

Anti c ipat i ng th e arr ival of sh ips,M . Leno i r prepares cargoes

for return and markets for Eu ropean cargo . No sh ips arr ive ,and Pond icheri i s thrown in to commerc ial s t rai t s .

Dec . 1 7 : Charl es VI . of Aus tr ia gran ts a deed of i n s t i tu t ion

or Char ter to the O stend Eas t I nd ia Company,” i t s factors and

agen ts bei ng ch iefly person s who had served i n the Dutch and

Engl i sh Compan ies .

H . 1 1 36 : The N izam -ul Mulk,i n consequence of mutual

avers ion between the emperor and h imsel f, res ign s the office ofVazi r fo r that o f Vaki l-i -Mutlaq, and i n Oct . leaves for the

Dekhan . The emperor orders Mubariz Khan , the l ocal Governor

of Haidarabad , to assume the governmen t o f the whole Dekhan,and to rai s e an army agai n st N izam -ul Mulk .

Rustam ‘A li Khan and Shuja‘at Khan , by orders from Dehl i ,march on Jodhpu r, wh ich they captu re and plunder.

The Mara thas, for the fi rs t t ime, levy fixed tr i bu te i n Gujarat .

On the departu re of N izam-ul-Mulk for the Dekhan , Mubari z -ul

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1 66 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I NDIA.

mean s of effect i ng a permanen t foot ing i n that provi nce . Ham idKhan shares the revenue w i th Kantaji, Kadam Bande and P i laj iGaikwad. Mubariz -ul Mulk i s ordered to expel Ham id Khanand the Marathas .

Bajirav, i n sp i te of the oppos i t i on of Shripatrav th e Pratinidhi,makes a successful raid in to Malwa.

Oct . Muharram ,H . 1 1 37. Nizam -ul Mulk , after negotiat i ons ,

defeats at Shakar-Khera, i n Berar , Mubariz Khan,who i s k i l led

N izam -ul Mulk , now i ndependen t, es tabl i shes h i s court at

Haidarabad .

Dom Lu i z da Costa,appoin ted General o f th e North

,proceeds

to Basse i n,wh ich he fortifies.

Dec . 3 1 : Rabi‘I I . 1 4, H . 1 1 37. The emperor appoin t s

Hai dar Quli Khan to be M ir A tash , supersed ing the N i zam-ul

Mulk’

s nom inee . The N izam orders Ham i d Khan to resume

hos t i l i t i es . Sarbu land Khan , ex—Governor of Kabul , i s sen tagai n s t h im .

Feb . 7 : H . 1 1 37. Mahm t‘

td Ghi lzai , King of Pers ia and

Afghan i s tan,orders th e murder ot the Safavi p ri nces , and th i r ty

n i ne of the fami ly are barbarously s laugh tered ; he becomes

men tal ly deranged and d ies . His cou si n , Ashraf, i s e lected k ing .

Quarrel s occu r between P i laj i and Kantaji Kadam Bande

regardi ng the col lec t i on of cfzaut/z. Kantaji final ly ret i res to near

Kaira, wh i l e P i laj i l ev ies taxes on Khamhay and Surat .

Mubariz -ul -Mulk compel s Ham i d Khan to ret i re, and defeats

the un i ted army of Ham i d Khan and the Marathas at Soj i tra and

agai n at Kapadvanj . Antaji Bhaskar, a Maratha, lays s i ege to

Vadnagar . The res iden t Nagars purchase immun i ty for

rupees .

Jan. 1 5 James Macrae succeeds Nathan ie l Elswick as Governor of Madras

,t i l l May 1 4, 1 730 .

The Madras Counci l sends h elp agai n s t a mut i nou s ou tbreak

of Muhammadan sold iers at Vizagapatam .

Mahé taken by storm by Captai n Ber trand Francors Mahé de

la Bourdonnai s .

H . 1 1 38 Mursh id Qul i Khan Ja‘far Khan , Nawab of Bengal ,d ies . His son -in-law,

Shuja‘-ud-din, succeeds . Two Turkman

A OD o

1 72 5

1 72 6

MUHAMMAD SHAH . 1 67

broth ers, HajrHam id and Alahwardi Khan , share i n h i s i ncrease

of power .

Two court favou r i tes, Za‘far Khan and Shah ‘Abdu l G haft‘tr,

l ose the i r pos i ti on on a charge of embezzlemen t ; Khan Dau ran

,acqu i res great i nfl uence wi th th e emperor .

Sept . 2 9 : Rober t Cl ive born .

Oct . 24 Joao de Saldanha da Gama arr i ves at Goa as Viceroy,and assumes t he government .

During the five years from 1 72 0 to 1 72 5, th e Engl i sh had

exported to I nd ia of goods and i n bu l l i on .

Bajirav wi th a large army i nvades th e Karnatak and l ev ies

a con tr ibu t ion from Ser ingapatam , bu t gai n s no permanen t

advantage .

The Sar Desai of Kudal captures Phonda fort res s from the

Portuguese .

The Marathas compel Mubariz -ul Mulk to admi t the i r clai m

for t r ibute . Rival ry between the Peshwa and P i laj i Gaikwad

compel s the lat ter to j o i n Kantaji, and together they march on

Baroda, bu t fai l to expe l the Muhammadan governor from

the ci ty .

June : M . Leno i r succeeds M . de la Provostiére as Governorof Pondicher i . Dec . ,

M . Duple i x suspended from office at

Pond icher i by order of th e d i rectors .

Sep t . 2 4 : A Char ter granted by George I . enabl i ng the

Company to establ i sh Courts of Record for the di scharge of

both c iv i l and c r im i nal j ust i ce, at Madras,Calcu tta

,and Bombay,

con s i st ing of a mayor and n i ne aldermen,and to hold Quarter

Sess i on s to determ ine al l penal causes bu t those of h igh treason .

Engl i sh law extended to I nd ia.

The O s tend Company are so success fu l that th i s year one-th i rdof the orig i nal subscr ip t i on of the propr ie tors, wh ich remai ned

due,was pai d up from the gai n s alone o f the trade .

The Eas t I nd ia House erected i n Leadenhal l Street, London .

Firs t Protestan t M iss ion commenced i n Madras town .

The N a/zz‘

d—o-A k/zi ar, a poem by P ri nce Buland Akhtar,b rother of th e emperor, and whose poeti cal name was A chchhe,i s completed .

1 68 THE CHRON OLOGY OF I N DIA.

H . 1 1 40 : Nizam-ul Mulk by hear i ng Sambhaj t’s claim ,

and

by removing the col lec tors o f rara’esmuk/zz‘

and Shabu’s makasaa’dm ,

endeavours to rev ive the feud between Shahu and Sambhaji, theformer of whom

,at the i ns t igat i on of Bajirav, prepares for war.

Nov .

,Bajirav lays was te Jal na and successfu l ly out-manoeuvres

the N izam ’s force,and makes a predatory exped i t i on i n to Gujarat .

Pi laj i and Kantaji Kadam ob tai n possess ion of Baroda.

Muhammad Khan Bangash Ghazan far Jang, a Roh i la ch ief,takes J i tgarh fort from Chatrasal who takes fl igh t .

The Engl i sh levy t r ibu te from the Pers ian refugees in thei s lands o f Zareka

, &c . ,i n th e Pers ian Gu lf

,to wh ich the

Por tuguese laid c laim .

The Mayor’s Court at Madras i s recogn i sed by Royal Char ter .

The pri vate ton nage employed i n the cou ntry t rade had

i ncreased dur i ng the las t ten years to abou t ton s . Manyof the Company’s servan ts are concerned i n th i s trade .

The A ustrian or O s tend Eas t I nd ia Company’s Char ter

su spended for seven years by the emperor, owing to the

oppos i t i on of other mar i t ime powers . The Company i s fi nal l y

d i sso lved by the treaty of Sev i l le,Nov . 9 , 1 72 9 , but the Germans

were not al togeth er expel led from Bank ipur t i l l 1 733. They had

al so a for t at Covelong (Kovalam ) on the Madras coas t .

Bajrrav so hems i n N izam -ul Mulk’s army that the lat ter

i s obl iged to come to term s,Baj irav demand i ng secur i ty for

paymen t of c/zaul/z and cess ion of fort ified places ; N izam -ul

Mulk refuses to give up Sambhaji . The t reaty is concludedand the arm i es ret i re .

Kantaji’

s fos ter son,Krishnaj 1 , se i zes Champanir, which

becomes a permanen t base for the col lect ion of the Maratha

tr ibu te .

Momin Khan,th e Gujarat m in i s ter, di es . His brother

,‘Abd‘u l Ghan i Khan , succeeds .Jaysingh

’s Jaypur A s tronom ical tables completed , con struc ted

from his own observat i on s for seven years .

Hon . Robert Cowan succeeds the Hon . Wm . Ph ipps as

Governor of Bombay ; dism issed the serv ice, 1 734 .

The Dan i sh Eas t I nd ia CO . pub l ish at Copenhagen proposal s

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1 70 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA.

Opposes h i s en try and defeats h im at Adalaj . A fter a secondengagemen t i t i s arranged that Sarbuland Khan shou ld accept

rupees and ret i re to Ahmadabad .

H . 1 1 43 Muhammad Khan Ghazanfar Jang , appoin ted

Governor o f Malwa i n order to chast i se the Marathas , conn ives atthei r proceed ings

,and so prolongs h i s period of government .

Aug . I ntel l igence rece ived at G oa of i n vas ion s by Marathas .

The Fidalgos of Bassei n lose Chamba fortres s and defend Saibana.

The Engl i sh and Portuguese repu lse the Marathas i n Sal sette .

Angria pu ts t o the sword the crews of some s torm -s tayed

Portuguese vessel s at Vijayadurg .

The Bombay Government conclude an offen s ive and defen s ive

al l iance w i th Phond Sawant of Sawantwadi for mu tual ass i s tance

agai n st the Angrias.

The Engl i sh i n Bengal,to s top the c landest i n e t rading of the

O stend sh ip s, block the Ganges . O f two sh ips one i s captu red .

Mar Gab rie l,th e Syr ian Nestorian b ishop at Coch in , d ies

h i s successor from Babylon i s i n tercepted by the Jesu i t s .

D upleix’

s su spen s ion order resc inded,

and th e post of

I n tendant at Chandranagar i s con ferred on h im .

The Un i ted Engl i sh Eas t I ndia Company’s Char ter agai n

renewed t i l l Lady D ay 1 769 . The Company agree to accept

i n teres t at 4, i n stead of 5 per cen t ., on loan to Governmen t of

and to pay a prem ium of Restr ic tedfrom hold ing lands and tenements i n B ri tai n above the val ue of

per an num (3 Geo . I I .,c .

Four Engl i sh sh ips from Ch ina arri ved th i s year, wi th

lbs. of tea, and th ree other Eas t I nd iamen wi th

p ieces of cal icoes bes ides other valuable merchand i se . From

1 72 5 to 1 730 ,

the Company had exported worth of

goods and i n bu l l i on .

Nadir Shah takes Harat, gai n s th e attachment of the A bdalis,deposes Tahmasp Shah I I . of Pers ia, and sets h i s own in fan t son

on the th rone as‘A bbas 1 1 1 .

Feb . The Portuguese set t lement at Manor bes ieged by theMara thas . March 6 : they are defeated and re t i re . J u ly : Raghoji

Pan t and Mar t i nh o da S i lve i ra de Menezes s ign a t reaty to restore

the status quo, but on the Maratha demand for further un reason

MUHAMMAD SHAH . 1 7 1

able terms the treaty i s cancel led and host i l i t i es resumed . Oct . ,the Marathas are d riven from Panhala .

H . 1 1 43 : Trimbakrav D habade, the Maratha Senapat i ,l eagues wi th N izam -ul Mulk agai n st Bajirav, and marches forthe Dekhan from Gujarat . A pr i l 1 : Bajirav an ti ci pates Asaf

Jah, and at tacks Trimbakrav D habade

,and defeat s h im and

P i laj i at Bhilapur, near Baroda. The latter i s severely wounded ,and the former fal l s i n batt le ; Bajirav i nves ts h i s you th fu l son,

Yashwantrav, wi th the hered i tary office of Senapat i , and bes tows

on h im the t i t l e of S ena k/zas Hi e! i n addi t i on to h i s hered i taryone of Shamsher Bahadu r . Aug .

,a compac t made between

Baj irav and Nizam -ul-Mulk, al low ing h i s claim to some posses

s i on s i n Gujarat and to cou n tenance h i s sovereign ty i n the eas t of

th e Dekhan

Kanhop Angria dies . (Thi s date i s doub tfu l : Gran t Duffgives 1 72 8 ; the Portuguese , June 2 0

,

Sambhaj i Angria se i zes a Portuguese vessel at Dabhol . The

Viceroy i ssues a proclamat ion forb iddi ng al l commun icat i on wi th

Angria : the Bombay Counci l resolves to send 30 0 sepoys to aid

agai n st h i s aggress ions .

Chama Raja succeeds to the throne of Mai sur i s impr i son ed

i n Kabbaldurg, where he di es i n 1 734. Chikka or I mmadi

Kr ishna was placed on the th rone by the al l-powerful m in i s ters,Deva Raj and Nanja Raj .

M . Duple i x takes office at Chandranagar, and restores com

mercial prosperi ty both fore ign and i n land trade be ing carr i ed on .

J une 1 3 The Swed ish Eas t I ndia Company i s set on foo t by

the k ing,Freder ick , for trad i ng from Gottenborg, wi th a Char ter

for fi fteen years .

King Joh n V . forms a temporary Portuguese East I ndia

Company wi th one sh i p to trade to Surat .

Abbay S i ngh schemes for th e removal of P i laj i Gaikwad,Governor of Songarh and Baroda. He effects h i s assass i nat i on

by means of a Marwadi at the v i l lage of Dakor, occup i es Baroda,and places Sher Khan Babi i n charge .

Mul la Muhammad ‘A li of A thva res i s ts by force a demand fora lakh of rupees by Soh rab Khan , Governor of Surat, and suc

ceeds i n dr i vi ng h im from the ci ty, and the governmen t i s u surped

1 72 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA .

by Teghbakht Khan . Teghbakht afterwards impri son s the Mul lafor two years and pu t s h im to death i n 1 734.

Damaj i G aikwad succeeds his father,P i laj i

,as m i l i tary com

mander. Madhavrav Gaikwad, P i laji’s brother

,at tacks and takes

Baroda from Sher Khan Babi .

Jan. 2 3 : The Por tuguese Viceroy,Joao de Soldanha, hands

over t h e governmen t to a comm iss i on of th ree Dom Ignac i o de

San ta Theresa,A rchbi shop ; Dom Chri s tovao de Mel lo, and

ThomeGomez More i ra.

Malharrav Holkar i nvades Malwa, now i n possess i on of D ia

Bahadur,and at Tirel la defeats the governor

,who i s k i l led .

The Sidd i o f Janj i ra defeated by the two Angrias who become

more form idab l e by th e possess i on of h i s fleet .

Sa‘adat-u l la Khan, Nawah of the Karnatak , d ies . Hi s nephew

and adopted son,Dost ‘A l i

,succeeds

,t i l l 1 740 ; on Baqi r

‘A l i,a younger nephew

,i s con ferred the government of Vel lor.

John Zephan iah Holewel l arr i ves i n I nd ia as su rgeon’s matein an I nd iaman . Dec . 6 : Warren Hast ings born .

H . 1 1 45 : The Mari am/zib a] Laoao of Muhammad Hashim ,

Khafi Khan,an excel len t h i story of H industan from 1 5 1 9 to

1 7 1 8, i s publ i shed .

The E . I . Company’s sales th i s year amoun ted toand the ir d iv idends reduced from 8 to 7 per cent . , and con t i nued

so t i l l 1 744. The Dutch during a con s iderab l e par t of that t ime

real i sed 2 0 to 2 5 per cen t . upon the cap i tal s tock , and never lessthan 1 23.

Bajirav, cal l ed to the help of Raja Chatrasal of Bundelkhand ,forces Muhammad Khan Bangash i nto a for t . Chatrasal con fers

on the Peshwa a fort and d is tri c t i n J han s i . Malwa prov in ce

transferred from Muhammad Khan to Raja Jaysingh of Amber.

The Marathas advance i n to Gujarat to avenge the murder o f

P i laj i , and secure from the Ahmadabad treasury a sum of

rupees i n add i t io n to the i r c/zaat/z and sara’

esmué/zz tax, Jawan

Mard Khan Babi be ing kept as a hostage t i l l paymen t i s made .

A t Gogha a con tes t for the governorsh i p takes place between

Burhan -ul -Mulk (appo in ted) and Sher Khan Babi , son of th e late

governor, Salabat Khan Babi .

Mr Freke’

s governmen t of Fort W i l l iam commenced .

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1 74 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA .

widow,Minakshi Ammal, becomes queen -dowager ; many i n t rigues

are made to dethrone her .

Sept . 2 2 Mr Robert Cowan i s d i sm i ssed and h i s p lace taken

by John Hom e as Governor of Bombay, t i l l A pri l 7, 1 739 .

Nov . The Bombay Government vote aid to Manaj i Angria

to fos ter h i s d i ssensi on s w i th h i s brother,Sambhaji . Dec . 6 : Chaul

fort i s taken from Sambhaji .

Dec . D harmapattanam I sland andMadakkara on the Malabarcoas t ceded to the Engl i sh , and s trongly fort ified .

Jan. 2 3 : Richard Benyon succeeds George Morton Pi t t as

Governor of Madras for n in e years, t i l l Jan. 1 7, 1 744.

Bajirav j o i n s S idd i Rahman and Ya‘qt‘

tb Khan, and reduces

forts Talagadh and G hosala i n Kolaba . He besieges Janj i ra,bu t fai l i ng to take i t, en ters i n to a treaty w ith the bes ieged

,wh ich

recogn i ses S idd i Rahman ’s c laim s, and secures to the Marathas

forts Raygarh, Tala, Ghosala, Uchitgarh, and Birwadi .

Sambhaji Angria takes the fortress of Chaul de S ima from

the S iddi and garr i son s i t s trongly .

R atansingh Bandhari and Sohrab Khan contes t th e governor

sh ip o f Vi ramgam . The former rai ses an army and plunders

Dholka : he Offers terms to Sohrab Khan, and on the i r re fusal

surpr i ses the camp at Dhol i ; Soh rab Khan i s k i l led and h i s

forces rou ted .

Damaj i Gaikwad’

s pos i t i on as represen tat ive of Umabai , widow

of Khandherav Dabhade,i n Gujarat d i spu ted by Kantaj i Gaikwad,

whose r ights are ignored . Kantaji i s defeated at Anand -Mogr i

A peace i s concluded on cond i t i on that Damaj i sh ou ld rece ive

one- fourth share of the revenues of the coun try north of the Mahi .

Sep t. 1 9 M . Benoi t Dumas,Governor of I s les de France and

Bourbon , takes office as Governor-General at Pond icheri . M .

Bertrand de la Bourdonnai s appoin ted Governor of the I sle deFrance

,t i l l 1 740 .

Malharrav Holkar overruns Malwa and takes the fort of

Sambhar. The c i ty i s cap tu red and plundered , and n i ne hundred

person s pu t to death .

From 1 730 to 1 735 the E l . Company expor ted of

goods and£z,4o6,o78 of bu l l i on .

A .O .

I 73S

MU HAMMAD SHAH . 1 75

Chatrasal Bundela d ies , bequeath i ng the Peshwa the Mahals

of Kalpi , S i ronj , Kt‘rnch, Garra, Kota, and H irdainagar, under an

expres s s t ipulat i on that h i s po s ter i ty should be protected by thePeshwa and h i s he irs .

Jan. The Cou r t of D irec tors i s sues a proclamat i on proh ibi t ingBr i t i sh subj ects from trad ing to the Eas t I nd ies

,con trary to the

l iber t ies and pr ivi leges granted to th e Company,or from serv ing

i n or be ing on board any sh ips un lawful ly t rading.

The Portuguese take the part o f Sambhaji Angria agai n s t

h i s bro ther, Manaj i, i n an at tack on Kolaba . Manaj i i s taken

under the Peshwa’s protec t i on .

Feb . 2 6 : Tahmasp Quli Khan proclaimed and c rowned wi th

the t i t l e Nad i r Shah of Pers ia. With men he marched onQandahar, under M ir Husai n , and bei ng refused adm i t tance

blockaded the town for two years and fi nal ly took i t b y success ive

assau l ts .‘Alahwardi Khan procures the t i t l e of Nawab of B ihar, i nde

penden t of Bengal .

Bajirav demands an exten s ive j agi r from the emperor, whoconcedes the r igh t to S ix sabahs i n the Dekhan . N izam -u] Mulk

,

i n alarm ,becomes reconc i led to the emperor .

March 1 9 : Z i-l qa‘da 6

,H . 1 1 48. Yadgar Khan Kashm i r i

depu ted to med iate between the Marathas and the emperor .

He carr ies a paten t grant ing to Bajirav Malwa a-nd Gujarat, wh ich

h e now held by the sword . I t i s st ipu lated that Bajirav sh oulden ter the imperial serv i ce .

Apr i l : The Raja of Tri ch i nopoly d ies . Chanda Sah ib,Dost

‘A l i ’s D iwan , profi t s by i n ternal d i ssen si on s to en ter i n to and holdthe c i ty

,but st i l l professes al legiance to the Nawah .

The Maratha arm i es ravage Bhadawarand defeat Amra Singh ,who i s deserted by his bro ther on the field . Bes ides plunder i ng

,

the Marathas levy a contr ibut ion of twen ty lakhs o f rupees .

Sept . 1 0 : The char ter of Dost ‘A l i Khan from Alambarai

au thor i s i ng the co in ing o f money arr i ves at Pond icher i .

R atansingh Bhandar i defeats R angoji, Damaj i Gaikwad’

s

agent,at Vi ramgam . The Mara thas capture Kapadwanj.

March 24 : Z i-l qa‘da 2 2

,H . 1 1 49 . Sa‘adat Khan , Governor

1 76 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA .

of Audh,defeat s Malharrav

’

s t roops on thei r way to plunder

Sa‘adabad and Jalai r ; Malharrav j o i n s th e Peshwa at Kotal

Apr i l 9 Z i -l hijja 8 .

Apri l : Z i—l hijja, H . 1 1 49 . The Mara thas bes i ege Sh ikohabad .

The governor by conces s ions saves the town .

H . 1 1 50 . Distu rbances between the Hindus andMuhammadansb reak ou t at Sambhar .

The Portuguese workmen at the fort ress of Thana,i n

desperat ion for food and pay, i nv i te the Marathas to rule Sal set te

i sland . Apri l 6 : the Marathas occupy the fort o f S t J eronymor G hodbandar. The Por tuguese governor, Dom Lu iz de Botelho,has t i ly re t i res to Karanja . May : S i x fort s of Sal se tte are captured .

A force u nder A n ton i o Cardim takes Manor. Aug . An appeal tothe Bombay Governmen t for help is met wi th a refusal . The

nor thern possess ion s o f the Portuguese i n I nd ia now cons i s t on lyof Chau l , Karanj a Bandra, Versova, Basse in , Mah im ,

Tarapur,

and Daman . Pedro de Mel lo now succeeds to the command of

the campaign .

Bajirav appears before Deh l i to i n t im idate the emperor . R e

t reat i ng,he i s at tacked and dr ives back the Mughal s wi th loss .

He then marches for the Dekhan . N i zam -u] Mulk , i n vested with

ful l powers to cal l ou t all the resources of state, marches on S i ronj

w i th men .

Momin Khan,appoi n ted fifty

-fifth Viceroy of Gujara t,i s

opposed by supporters of Abbay S ingh , and j o i n s the Marathas .Ahmadabad i s bes i eged . The Gujarat nobles persuade the

emperor to reappoi n t Abbay Si ngh Viceroy : bu t Mom i n Khancon t i nues to bes i ege Ahmadabad and i s j o ined by Damaji

Gaikwad.

Oct . 1 1 Great hurri cane and earthquake at Cal cu tta and

up the Ganges . l ives l ost and vessel s o f al l s izes

were cas t away . The s teeple of the Engl i sh church was thrown

down and about two hundred houses destroyed .

1 738 J an . A saf Jah , N izam -ul Mulk, at tacked near Bhopal by

Baj irav, surrounded , and so harassed that on Feb . 1 1 he engages

to cede al l land between the Narbada and Chambal r ivers, and

to pay fi fty lakh s of rupees .

March : Qandahar capi tulates to Nad i r Shah . Generou s terms

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1 78 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA.

Shah orders a general massacre, i n wh ich are sai d to have

peri shed .

Apri l 6 : Z i -l hijja 2 6 . Nasi r M i rza,son of the Pers ian emperor,

marr ies the daugh ter of Murad Bakh sh . A pr i l 9 : orders are

i ssued to levy a ransom . Five d iv i s ion s are made i n the c i ty, and

the con tr ibu tion from each pai d to the Am i rs two karors of

rupees are exacted . May 1 6 : Safar 7, H . 1 1 52 , Nad ir Shah

leaves Deh l i w i th a booty est imated at from 80 to 1 45 mi l l i on s,i n wh ich was the famous Peacock Throne set wi th d iamonds .

Jan. 2 0 : Mah im cap i tu lates to the Mara thas under Chimnaj i

A ppa, al so the forts of Kelve Katalwada, Srigaon, Dahanu ,Tarapur

,and A sheri . Jan . 2 6 : th e Mara thas ente r Sal set te ,

i nves t i ng i t on Feb . 1 7. May 2 : th e Portuguese Viceroy con

eludes a t reaty w i th Bajirav, agree ing to cede 40 per cen t . of the

revenues of Sal set te and Bardes . March-Apri l : Basse i n i s c losely

inves ted by Chimnaji Appa andMalharrav Holkar, and blockaded

on the sea face by Manaj i Angria ; May 1 6 : the Por tuguese cap i t

ulate.

March 2 8 : Karafija for t taken by Sambhaj t Angria from the

Portuguese . Angria attacks Chau l twice wi th out success and

i nves ts i t t i l l Oc tober, when i t capi tu lates and i s fo rmal ly

transferred i n December .

Feb . 6 Four thousand horse under Franc i sco Pere i ra are sen t

by Chanda Sah ib to at tack Karikal . The fort of K irkangarhicap i tu lates . Feb . 1 4 : Karikal , wi th the adj oi n ing coun try, i s madeover to the French , and M . G olard appoi n ted governor .

Feb . 8 : M . D irois’

appoi n tmen t to the d i rectorsh ip o f

Chandranagar rece ived at Pond icheri . He i s pos ted temporar i l y

at Mahe t i l l M . Duplei x leaves for France .

March 2 3 : Z i-l hijja 1 3, H . 1 1 5 1 . Shuja‘-ud-din Khan

,Nawab

of Bengal , d ies . His son ,‘Ala-ud-dau la Sarfaraz Khan

,succeeds .

Fida-ud-din Khan , deputy v iceroy i n Gujara t, is res i s ted i n h i scol lec t i on of tr ibu te by Jaitsingh of Mohanpu r, whom he defeats .The Marathas regai n the ir share of the A hmadabad revenues

,

Momin Khan be ing forced to sue for peace w i th R angoji .

Bajirav, after the depar ture of Nad i r Shah,leagues w i th the

Raj pu ts to wi th stand the Mughal s,especial l y N i zam -ul Mulk

He al so becomes reconci led to Raghoj i Bhonsla, and secures h i s

co-operat i on .

MU HAMMAD SHAH . 1 79

Kashm i r annexed to th e k ingdom of Kabu l by Nad i r Shah .

Ris ings take place i n Pegu agai n s t th e effete empi re of B urma.

A pri l 7 : S tephen Law appoi n ted Governor of Bombay i nsuccess ion to Mr John Horne, t i l l Nov . 1 5, 1 742 .

Ju ly 2 0 : The Engl i sh at Bombay concl ude a t reaty at Basse i n

w i th Chimnaji A ppa for Bajirav, w ith a vi ew to obtai n i ng furthercommerc ial pr i v i l eges .

Nov. 1 Sambhaji Angria’

s fleet appears off Bombay . Nov . 6

he hoi sts h i s flag over E lephan ta.

Feb . 1 7 : The Imam Sah ib of G olkonda pays a s tate v is i t tothe French at Pondicheri .

March 3 1 : S inappaiyan retu rn s to Pond icher i from Tanj orwi th presen ts from Pratap S ingh .

H . 1 1 53 : Baj irav at tacks Nas i r Jang , son of N i zam -ul Mulk,

at Burhanpu r, and i s repu l sed . The war i s con ti nued t i l l anaccommodat i on i s come to at Mungh i-Pai tan , when both part i es

are pledged to mai n tai n peace, and to refrai n from plunderi ng the

Dekhan .

May 9 : Sa‘far 1 2 . Bajtrav Peshwa d ies near the Narbada .

Raghuji Bhonsla endeavours to preven t Balaj i Bajirav’

s appoi n t

men t as Peshwa by proposi ng Bapu Nayyak , but i n Augus t Balaj ii s appoi n ted to succeed h i s father .

May : Raghoji Bhonsla at the head of Marathas en ters

the Karnatak and,May 2 0 defeat s the Nawab’

s army at Damalcherupass, i n N . Arkat . The Nawab Dost ‘A li , adopted son ofSa‘adat-u l lah Khan

,i s s lai n wi th h i s son

,Hasan ‘A li

, and mos t

of h i s officers, h i s d iwan , M ir A sad, bei ng taken pr i soner . Hi s

son,Safdar‘A li , succeeded h im ,

t i l l 1 742 . The coun try people

flock to Pond icheri,as do Dost ‘Al i ’s w idow - ch i ldren , and

dependents,and Chanda Sah ib’s w i fe and son .

May 2 0 : Safar I 3. Sarfaraz Khan,Nawab of Bengal

,k i l led at

Gir ia i n batt le by Mirza Muhammad ‘A l i . A lahwardi Khan,

Nawab of B ihar, usu rps the governmen t of Bengal , B ihar, and

O r i ssa, t i l l 1 756 .

Aug. Safdar ‘A l i i s recogn i sed as Nawab of the Karnatak onpaymen t of ten m i l l ion rupees to the Marathas

,and a prom ise to

aid i n expel l i ng Chanda Sah ib from A rkat . Dumas defies the

Maratha l eader .

1 80 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA .

Sept . 1 8 : I n order to save G oa, the Por tuguese surrenderChaul to Sambhaj i Angria.

Raja Martanda Varma of Travankor un ifies the cou ntry,subdu ing many pet ty ch iefs

,wi th the h elp of a Flem ish officer,

De Lanoy .

Dec . The Marathas agai n i nvade the Karnatak . Dec . 1 5

Trich i nopoly i nves ted . Detachmen ts p i l lage the J inj i d istr ic t .

Dec . 2 7 a reverse i s su stai n ed by the Marathas at Por to Nuovo .

Negapatam i s sacked, and the Depu ty-Governor As t ruc, h i s familyand several Dutchmen taken pr isoners .

From 1 735 to 1 740 th e Un i ted Eas t I nd ia Company exported

of goods and of bu l l ion .

Jan. Revadanda,the last Portuguese possessi on between G oa

and Daman , taken by the Maratha general , Khandoji Mankar .

Chimnaji Appa, the Peshwa’s brother

,d ies .

March 2 6 : Chanda Sah ib del ivers Tr ich i nopoly to the

Marathas,who after pl underi ng th e town leave Morarirav as

governor . Chanda Sah i b i s made a c lose pri soner at Satara .

A lahwardi Khan g ives n ot ice to Mursh id Qul i Khan , brother

in-law of the late Nawab, to qu i t Or i s sa. He refuses and i s defeated

near Balasorby A lahwardi Khan . Sayy id Ahmad , placed over the

prov ince,proves u npopu lar, and th e people se i ze h im and place

Baqi r Khan.

i n charge . A lahwardi Khan marches to O r i s sa,defeat s the rebels, and appo in ts Muhammad Mu‘azzam governorof the prov i nce .

Bhaskar Pan t leads a Maratha army in to Bengal and Bihar,ravages the coun try and demands c/zazrt/z.

I n Gujarat, the Mara t has are defeated at Dholka by the

governor Qaim Qu li Khan . The Viceroy, Mom in Khan, makes

peace .

Nizam -ul Mu lk l eaves Dehl i to crush a rebel l ion led by h i s

second son,Nasi r Jang, who i s defeated near Dau latabad on

J uly 2 3, and carr ied a pri soner to Aurangabad .

Balaj i Baj i rav I I . app li es to the emperor for the formal cessi on

of Malwa accord ing to the treaty made wi th h i s father. NO not ice

i s taken of th i s appeal .

P ratap S i ngh made Raja of Tanj or i n stead of his hal f-brother

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1 82 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA .

Figh t s take place at Ahmadabad between the Mara thas andMuhammadan s .

Ju ne 1 2 Dom Lu i z de Menezes, the Portuguese Viceroy, d ies .Dom Lu iz de Caetano de Almeida takes over the charge of s tat et i l l Dec . 2 0 . Dom Franci sco de Vasconce l los

,B i shop of Coch i n

,

goes on the commi ss ion .

A lahwardi Khan perm i t s the Engl i sh to cons truc t a moat ord i tch round the i r sett lement at Cal cu tta

,for protec t i on agai n s t

i ncu rs ions of the Mara thas .

Oct . 2 : Safdar ‘A li , Nawab of A rkat, pu t to death by h i sbro ther-in-law

,Murtaza ‘A l i Khan of Vel lor

,who i n November

en ters A rkat i n t ri umph as Nawab . Revol t s occur i n the army,th e palace i s surrounded and Mu rtaza ‘A li escapes i n femal ed i sgu i se . Sayy id Muhammad Khan , i n fan t son of Safdar ‘A l i , i sproclaimed Nawab, under a diwan.

Vanchi Martanda Perumal of Travankor conquers E llayedatunad.

Sept . 1 1 Great cyclone off Bombay much damage done .

Sep t . 1 8 I n a despatch,the French E . I . Co . order Duplei x to

reduce the expend i tu re by one-hal f, and to s top al l expen se on

fort ificat i on s, i n v i ew of the an t ic ipated war wi th England . The

sea-fron t at Pond icher i , however, i s fort ified .

Nov. 1 5 John Geekie, sen ior member of Counc i l at Bombay,ac t i ng governor t i l l Nov . 2 6

,when Wi l l iam Wake takes office,

t i l l 1 750 .

Vepery,Perambur

,and Puthupak v i l lages (now i ncluded i n

the c i ty of Madras) gran ted to the Engl i sh by the Nawab ofA rkat Yeranavarand Shadayankuppam v i l lages to the sou th of

Madras held at a peppercorn ren t on S lzrotrz'

am tenure .

Jan. Nizam-ul Mulk marches i n to the Dekhan , arr iv ing at

Arkat i n March . His army int im idates the petty pri nces i n to

subm i ss ion,and by A ugust the Karnatak i s evacuated by the

Marathas . Morarirav i s acknowledged ch ie f of Gat i . Khwaja‘Abdul lah Khan

,the general i s s imo of the Mughal army, i s

appoin ted Nawab of A rkat .

The Marathas under Raghoji Bhonsla agai n i nvade Bengal .

Nawab A lahwardi Khan succeeds i n d ri vi ng them back, but the

MU HAMMAD SHAH . 1 83

l oss i n revenue was i mmense from thei r p lunder and the devastat i on they had i nfl i cted i n the i r raid .

Jan. 1 7 : Mr N icholas Morse succeeds Mr Richard Benyonas Governor o f Madras

,t i l l 1 746 .

March 30 : Dom Franci sco de Vasconcel los, j o i n t Governor

of G oa, d ies . May 1 8 : Dom Lou renco de Noronha succeedson the comm iss ion .

May : The French at Pond icher i and the Engl i sh at

Madras send presen ts to N izam-ul Mulk, and strengthen the i rfort ificat i on s .

Ju ly : Jumada I . , H . 1 1 56 . The emperor gran ts a f arman to

Balaj i Bajrrav, Peshwa, ced i ng Malwa nom inal ly to be held forPri nce Ahmad .

Mom in Khan,Viceroy of Gujarat

,d ies . Fida-ud-din,

wi thMuftakhir Khan as agen t, acts as v iceroy . R anghoji plo t s tomurder these offic ial s

,bu t sustai n s a reverse . Fida-ud-din

becomes so le master of Gujara t .‘Abdu l ‘Azi z Khan of Junnar appoi n ts h im sel f Viceroy of

Gujarat by a forged order wh ich names Jawan Mard Khan Babias deputy . Muftakhir Khan , appoi n ted fifty

-eigh th Viceroy, i s

forced to name Jawan Mard Khan as depu ty .

Raja Jaysingh of Jaypu r d ies . I shvari , h i s son , succeeds,bu t by a conven t ion w i th Udaypur

,Madhav S ingh , son of a

Mewar princess, hold s the r ight of success ion ; Holkar support s

h i s c laim .

Budh S ingh of Bandi d ies i n ex i l e . His son Umed,aged

th ir teen,l ev ies t roops and regai n s Patan and Gainol i .

Raghoji Bhonsla const i tu tes h imsel f protec tor of the Raja ofDeogarh , in consequence o f be ing cal led i n to mediate i n a

d isputed success ion al l the power i s taken in to h i s hands .

Dec . 2 1 : M . Duplei x i ssues an order to the effect that all

official s shal l bu i ld houses at Mortandi Chavadi , henceforth to

be cal l ed D upleixpettai .

‘Abdu l‘A zi z,Governor of Ju nnar, i s res i s ted i n the col lect i on

of t r ibu te by D evaji Takpar, l i eu tenan t of Damaj i Gaikwad, and

i s defeated at Kim Kathodra, pursued and s lai n at the Narbada.

Fakhr-ud-dau la, Fakh r-ud-din Khan Shuja‘at Jang Bahadur

1 84 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA .

A . D .

1 744 appoi n ted fifty-n i nth Viceroy of Gujarat : and Jawan Mard Khan

Babi as hi s depu ty .

Feb . The Eas t I nd ia Company agree to lend the Br i t i sh

Governmen t a m i l l i on s ter l i ng at 3 per cen t . as an equ ival en t

for the prolongat i on of thei r char ter for four teen year s to Ladyday 1 783 ( 1 3 Geo . I I .

,c .

The Berar Marathas under Bhaskarrav Pant i nvade Bengal .A lahwardi Khan in vi tes the Mara thas to a conference at Munk irru

and g ives the s ignal for the mas sacre o f the l eaders , when BhaskarRay and n ineteen officers are slaugh tered .

March Khwaja‘Abdul lah , about to repai r to A rkat to resumeh i s command as S t

‘

rbahdar,i s found dead, h i s body beari ng t races

of po i son .

May 2 1 War declared between France and England . Thei rrespec t i ve i n teres ts i n I nd ia are henceforth mai n tai n ed at the

sword’s poi n t . A French fl ee t despatched to attack Madras .An Engl i sh squadron under Commodore Barnet t se i zes th reeFrench sh ips i n the s t rai t s

,and ano ther

,the “ Favor i

,

”at Ach i n

i n Dec .

July 4 : Sayyid Muhammad al ias Sa‘adat-ul lah Khan the

chi ld Nawab,i s t reacherously assas s inated at a weddi ng-feas t by

a Pathan sold ier . The murderer and ten accompl ices are cu tdown . Susp ic i on res t s on Mur taza‘A li

,who escapes to Vel lor.

Anwar -ud-din rece ives from N izam -ul-Mulk a comm iss ion as

Nawab of the Karnatak .

Sept . 2 4 : Dom Pedro Miguel de Almeida e Por tugal , Conde

de Assumar,takes office as Viceroy at Goa, i n success ion to a

commi ss i on .

H . 1 1 58 : The A fghans i n A lahwardi Khan’s serv ice mut i ny

under Mustafa K han,plunder Raj mahal and Monghir, march on

Pa tna, the governor of wh i ch defeats the rebel s . Mustafa flees

to Chunar,and endeavou rs to form a coal i t i on w i th Raghoji

Bhonsla’

s Marathas . Zai n -ud-din Khan, son- in-law of A lahwardiKhan , defeats the rebel s at Jagdi spur, where Mustafa i s k i l led .

Raghoji Bhonsla agai n i nvades Bengal, reduces Katak and

mos t of Bardhwan. He i s j o i ned by the remai n s of Mustafa

Khan’s army ; they su stai n a part ial defeat at Katwa . Raghojinow ob l iged to return to h i s own terr i tor ies .

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1 86 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

the assai lan ts,but th e retu rn sho t k i l l s one and i nj u res two of the

garr i son . Apri l 1 2 Dan i sh depu t i es from Tranquebar en tertai n edby M . Duplei x .

Apri l Commodore Barnet t dies at Fort S t Dav id . Mr Peytonsucceeds as Admiral .

May 5 : The Portuguese v iceroy i n person recaptures Alorna

( for wh ich he received the t i t l e Marqu i z de Alorna), Tirakol ,Neutim ,

and R arim forts i n the Dekhan .

Ju ne 2 5 : Commodore Peyton engages w i th the French fleet

u nder M . De la Bourdonnai s n ear Negapatam . The French sustai n

the heav ier lo ss and re t i re to refi t at Pond icher i,where d i ssen s i on s

occu r w i th M . Duple ix . The Engl i sh refi t at Tri ncomali . July24 : a three days’ fight begi n s the Engl i sh sai l off.

Sep t . 7 The French under De la Bourdonnai s land 60 0 menabou t twelve m i les sou th of Madras and bombard Fort S t George .

Sept . 1 0 : the Engl i sh garr i son of 30 0 men submi t and surrenderas pr i soners of war. The Nawah of Arkat th reaten s to send a force

to defend Madras,but i s pac ified by Duple i x . Oct . 1 0 : a t reaty

s igned by De la Bourdonnai s, by which the French agree to

evacuate Madras on paymen t of a moderate ransom i n Jan.

1 747. Mahfaz Khan,son of the Nawab , i nves t s Madras, i s defeated

by a sort i e from the town , and agai n at S t Thome. Oct . 2 3 De

la Bourdonnai s l eaves Madras u nder D ’

E spremesni l, a member of

D upleix’

s Counc i l . Oc t . 30 : the ransom treaty w i th De laBourdonnai s declared n ul l

,and th e possess ion s of the Engl ish

se i zed i nd i scr im inately . Some Engl i shmen escape to For t S t

Dav id, now the seat of adm in i strat i on under Mr John Hinde, th e

depu ty-governor there . An at tack there i s repul sed by the

Nawab ’

s nat i ves together w i th the garr i son .

Oct . 2 6 Forts B ichol im and Sanquel im ,wi th terr i tories

,are re

covered by the Portuguese from the Marathas who swear al legiance .

Jan. 6 Z i -l hijja 2 3, H . I 1 59 . Am i r Khan , Umdat-ul-Mulk , ex

Governor of Al lahabad,murdered by a d i scharged servan t w i th

the con sen t of Muhammad Shah .

H . 1 1 60 . Nadi r Shah of Pers ia and Afghan i s tan , i n tox i catedw i th succes s

,perpetrates al l manner of at roc i t i es . I n d i s tru st of

the Pers ians he gran t s e xcess ive favours to the Afghans . June 2 0

Jumada he i s assassi nated by h i s Pers ian guard . The A fghan

MUHAMMAD SHA H . 1 87

mercenar ies,after an unsuccessfu l at tack on the Pers ians

,re treat .

Oct . , Ahmad Khan , son of Zeman Khan,th e hered i tary ch ie f of

the A bdali s, repu lsed i n an at tack upon the Pers ian t roops,

marches to Qandahar and as sumes sovere ign ty u nder the nameof Duran i .

Jan. 1 0 The French from Ariyankuppam at temp t an attack bysea on Kadalt

’

rr,bu t are dr iven back by a s torm . Jan. 2 0 : the

squadron from A ch i n arr ives, and on Feb . 1 9 proceeds to G oa.

March 1 3 N S . The French army at tack s Fort S t Dav id,bu t

reti res p recip i tately on the arr ival o f th e flee t from Bengal .

Apri l 1 4 : Mr John H inde di es at Fort St Dav id pr ior to

receipt of the Cour t of D irectors’ despatch of Jan . 24, appornting

h im Governor and Pres id en t of Fort St Dav id , now cons t i tu tedthe head set t l ement . Apri l 1 6 : Charles Floyer succeeds as

governor t i l l J u ly 6,1 750 .

At Surat fact ion s led by Sayy id A chan , paymas ter, and Safdar

Muhammad, govern or . The former cal l s i n Malharrav Khun iand they sack the c i ty

,Sayy id A chan be i ng elec ted governor .

Kedarji Gaikwad, Damaji’

s cous i n , obtai n s one-th i rd of Surat

revenues . A great fam ine prevai l s i n Gujarat .

The Peshwa concludes more specific treat i es wi th the Rajas of

B undelkhand , by wh ich , i n addi t i on to O rchha already ceded ,one-th i rd of the terr i tori es i s made over to Balaj i Bajirav, wi th a

s im i lar share of the profits from the d iamond m ines at Panna.

H . 1 1 60 . Appaji, Malharrav and other Maratha l eaders i nves t

D ig and Kumbher,held by Sarajmal Jat . The war ends several

months after by the death of Khanderav.

I shvari S ingh of Mewar, aided by Si nd ia, defeat s the Rana o f

Udaypur, who had supported the claim of Madhu S ingh , h i s

s i s ter’s son,to the th rone of Mewar .

Ananda Ranga P i l lai appoi n ted court ier and ch ief daoasfi to

M . Duplei x at Pond icher i .

Two French pr ivateers anchor off Bombay and overmatch th e

Eas t I nd iaman “ A nson .

” The home d i spatches and eleven chestsof t reasure are landed i n boat s . O rders are now i ssued to i ncrease

the Bombay naval force .

Dec . 1 9 Dupleix fai l s i n an attack upon Fort S t Dav id .

1 88 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA .

Jan. Maj or S t r i nger Lawrence arr ives at For t S t Dav id w i th

a comm ission to command al l the Eas t I nd ia Co .

’s forces i n

I nd ia,and to be maj o r of the garri son at Fort S t George . He

immediately encamps the troops, wh ich movement deters the

French from the i r i n tended at tack on Kadalur.

Jan -Feb . : Muharram ,H . 1 1 6 1 . Ahmad Khan Duran i cap

tures Lab or,and win s over Zi l la Khan wi th the whole Mughal

force sen t ou t to check h im . Feb . 1 8 : Safar 1 9 , Pri nce A hmad

despatched under the d irec t i on of I‘timad-ud Daula wi th an

i mpos i ng army , wh ich the Afghans avoid and fi re Ludhiana .

March 1 3 : Rabi‘I . 1 3. The arm ies mee t at Sarhind

, where

Pr i nce Ahmad repul ses the Afghans, who re t i re . Lahor i s

re-

garri soned , and the army retu rns to Dehl i .

AHMAD SHAH .

Apr i l 2 7 : Rabi‘I I . 2 7, H . 1 1 6 1 . Muhammad Shah of Deh li

dies of paralys i s or of gri ef at the loss of h i s Vazi r, Qamar-ud-din

Khan . His son,Ahmad Shah ‘Abul Nasr, succeeds t i l l 1 754,

bu t his access ion i s d i spu ted by Muzaffar Jang, the son of h i s

deceased elder bro ther . Ahmad Shah and h i s succes sor were

mere pagean t pri nces set up by the cour t nob l es and removed

at the i r p leas ure .

Udhambai , mother of Ahmad Shah , i n concert w i th Nawab

Jawad Khan,takes al l adm in i strat i ve power out of Ahmad’s

hands .

June : Jumada I I .

‘Asaf Jah,N izam -ul Mulk, d ies . Hi s

second son, Nas i r Jang, succeeds as S t'

tbahdar of the Dekhan .

An i n surrect i on breaks ou t i n B ihar under Shamsher Khan

and Sardar Khan , d i sm i ssed Afghan general s . Dec . ,the insur

gen ts murder the Nawab’s nephew and son-in- law at a Con ference

at Patna.

The Afghans comm i t excesses at Patna,and wi th the plunder

rai se new l ev ies tor the i nvas i on of Bengal . The Nawab,though

hampered by the Marathas, marches agai n st the rebels .

J une 2 8 : The French at tack Kadal t‘

tr, but encounter a s teady

res i s tance .

Ju ly : The Engl i sh obtai n a Raul from the Raja of Kot tayam

for the monopoly of export i ng pepper and cardamoms .

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1 90 TH E CHRON OLOGY OF I N DIA.

Raja Sayaj l . A pr i l : accompan ied by Sayaji they fai l i n an at tackon D evikotta. A second at tempt i s successfu l , and Pratap S ingh

makes over D evikotta by t reaty . The Fort S t Dav id governmen tresolve not to become i nvolved i n nat i ve quarre l s .

Oc t . The French ob tai n the sovereign ty of e igh ty-one vi l lagesi n the v i c i n i ty of Pond icheri .

Nov . 1 : Boscawen’

s flee t leaves Fort S t David , whereuponthe French and Chanda Sah ib attack Tr ich i nopoly . They lays i ege to Tanj or, and are kep t before i t wh i le Pratap S inghsummons Muhammad ‘A li and Nasi r Jang . Twen ty European s,se nt by the Engl i sh

,effec t an en trance i n to Tanj or . The k ing ,

however,i s i n ti m idated by an assaul t, and s ign s a t reaty , Dec . 2 1

,

agree i ng to pay tr ibu te .

Dec . Raja Shahuji dies, hav i ng g iven the Peshwa, Balaj i Baj 1

rav, a deed empower ing h im to manage the whole governmen tof the Mara tha empi re, on cond i t ion of h i s perpetuat i ng the

Raja’s name . Kolhapur to be recogn i sed as i ndependen t .

Jan. The Peshwa secures Ragh0 j 1 Bhonsla i n his i n teres t .

Poona becomes th e seat o f Mara tha admin i s trat ion . He w i n s

over the other ch i efs by l iberal concess ion s, and wri tes the emperor

advi si ng h im to appo in t Ghazi -ud—din Viceroy of the Dekhan .

March 1 5 : Nasi r Jang reaches J inj i,and i s j o ined by 60 0

European s, under S tr i nger Lawrence . Apri l 4 : Rabi‘I I . 2 6 ,

H . 1 1 63. They defeat the j o i n t forces of Chanda Sah ib and

Muzaffar Jang w i th thei r French auxi l iar i es .‘A li Muhammad, Pathan Governor of R ohilkhand, res to red

after fou r years’ i mpr i sonmen t .

J u ly : Rajab,H . 1 1 63 . S i raj -ud-dau la

,grandson of A lahwardi

Khan , summons Jhank i Ram , the Depu ty-Governor of Patna, todel i ver the c i ty to h im . O n rece iv i ng a re fusal

,he assaul t s the

town,bu t fai l s and re turn s to h i s grand father .

A bhisingh of Jodhpu r d ies . Ram S ingh , his son, succeeds,bu t i s dri ven from the throne by Bakh t S i ngh , h is un cle .

Anand Rao, founder of Dhar pr i nc ipal i ty, d ies . His son,

Jaswan t Rao, succeeds, rece iv i ng the t i t le Raja of Dhar .

Law rence at tempt s to warn Nasi r Jang of the t reacherou s

des ign s of Duple i x,bu t refuses to march to Arkat , and return s to

AHMAD SHAH . 1 9 1

Fort S t David . Muhammad ‘Al i , second son of A nwar -ud-din,

j o in s Nas i r Jang,and i s confi rmed by him i n the government .

Aug,he i s defeated by the French and Chanda Sah ib . Sept . 1 1

the French under M . Bussy take J i nj i .

Sept . 1 9 : M r Thomas Saunders succeeds Mr P loyer (d i sm issed) as Governor of Madras

,t i l l Jan. 1 4, 1 755.

Sep t . 2 7 : Franc i sco de Ass i z, Marquez de Tavora,succeeds

the Conde de A ssumar as Viceroy at Goa.

Nov . 1 7 Richard Bourchier appoi n ted Governor of Bombay ,t i l l Feb . 2 8

,1 760 . Nov . 2 4 : he arr i ves at a more cord ial under

s tand ing wi th the Peshwa, who engages to aid i n se t t l i ng Surat

afl'

airs.

Dec . 1 6 : Muharram 1 7, H . 1 1 64. Nas i r Jang treacherous ly

shot by Muhammad Khan , the Pathan Nawab of Kadappa. Hi s

nephew,Muzaffar Jang, escapes from impri sonmen t, and w i th the

aid of the French assumes the Viceroyal ty of the s ix szzbafis of

the Dekhan .

Warren Hast i ngs arr i ves at Calcu t ta as a c ivi l servan t of the

East I nd ia Co .

Chr . Freder ich Schwar tz arr ives at Tranquebar to j o i n the

Protes tan t M is s ion there, and labours t i l l 1 798.

H . 1 1 64. A lahwardi Khan y ield s Katak to the Mara thas,and

prom ises to pay annual ly twelve lakhs of rupees as the cfiaut/z of

Bengal .

Mir Habi b, Governor of Or i s sa for the Marathas, i s k i l led i n

a sk irm ish . Ramnarayan becomes Depu ty-Governo r of Patna, on

the death of Jhank iram .

Rao Lakha succeed s to the s tate o f Kachh S indh , Kath iawar,and Parkar are l os t to th i s Jam .

H . 1 1 64. A hmad Shah Duran i agai n i nvades the Panj ab ,defeats Mu

‘In-ul -Mulk and demands the cess ion of the Panj ab,

wh ich i s y ielded .

Safdar Jang,Vazi r of Audh , appeal s to the Marathas for help

agai n s t the R ohilas, andal lows them to levy the i r subs idy from the

conquered terr i tory, i n consequence of wh ich the R ohilas are

reduced to the verge of des t i tu t i on .

Damaj irav Gaikwad en trapped and impr i soned at Poona by

1 9 2 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA .

Balaj i Baj1rav, and h i s share i n the Gujarat revenues wres tedfrom h im .

Feb . 1 3 : 1 7 Rabi‘I . Muzaffar Jang, Subadar of the Dekhan ,

at tacks the arm ies of the rebe l Nawabs of Karnt‘

i l,Kadapa, and

Savanfir, who mai n tai n the i r pos i t i on ti l l M . Bussy wi th the Frencharmy arr iv i ng gives the Nawab the ad vantage

,bu t he i s k i l led by

the Karma] Nawab, who i s i n tu rn slai n , as al so the Savant‘

ir

Nawab . J une h i s uncl e Salabat Jang, th i rd son of‘Asaf Jah

,and

brother of the late Nas i r Jang, is formal ly proclai med Subahdar atAurangabad . He appoin t s M . de B ussy

,a nobleman of the

emp ire,and set s h im over the nor thern Jagi rs .

March : The Peshwa Balaj i Bajlrav marches south to opposeSalabat Jang, bu t i s bough t off wi th a presen t of two lakhs o f

rupees,and re turn s to Satara to thwart an at temp t of Tarabai to

supersede his author i ty . Salabat Jang g ives the French the

v i l lages of N izampatnam ,Kondavid, Narsapur, and Alamanava i n

the Ki stna d i s tri c t,toge ther w i th Yanun and Mahffiz bandar.

Muhammad ‘A l i K han , son of Anwar-uddi n , who had been

appoi n ted Nawab of the Karnatak by Nasi r Jang, i s opposed by

Chanda Sah ib, and takes refuge i n the fort of Tri ch i nopoly . He

tempori ses w i th M . Duple i x as to terms of subm i ss i on to Chanda

Sah ib . The lat ter, wi th a French de tachmen t under M . d’

Auteuil

l eaves Pond icher i to bes iege Tr ich i nopoly .

I n Feb . a smal l Engl i s h force under Capt . Cope had s tarted to

he lp i n defend ingTri ch inopoly, bu t made an unsuccessfu l at temptto capture Madura, held by

‘A lam Khan for Chanda Sah ib . Late

i n March a larger force u nder Cap t . Gingen i s sen t on ; j o i ned by

Cope’s and Muhammad ‘A l i ’s t roops they take Vr iddhachalam ;

bu t,July 1 9 , at tack ing Volkonda, the garr i son and M . d

’

Auteui l

defeated them and they fled i n pan ic, final ly reach i ng Tri ch i nopol y

J uly 2 8.

Ju ly : Vriddhachalam fort , i nvested by neighbouring palegars,i s rel i eved by troops sen t from For t St Dav i d u nder Capt . Cl ive

as commissary . Cl ive proposes a d ivers ion i n the at tack of Arkat .

Aug. 30 Cl ive,with a detachmen t of 30 0 Sepoys, z oo European s

and 8 officers , occup ies Arkat abandoned by the enemy . Sept . 4Cl i ve march i ng ou t at tack s th e fugi t i ve garr i son , and i s h imsel fbes i eged fi fty days i n the fort , by Chanda Sah ib

’s superior force,bu t defends i t wi th success . Nov. 2 4 : a desperate assaul t i s made

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1 94 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA.

Apri l 1 7 : The seat of the Madras Governmen t is removed from

Fort S t Dav id back to Madras .

A pri l 2 4 : Cl ive marches on U t tattur,w h ither d’

Auteuil’

s

detachmen t had re treated and, J une 6, gai n s an advan tage overd

’

Auteuil’

s t roops near Volkonda, rece iv i ng the surrender of al lthe lat ter’s men .

May 2 8 Maj or Lawrence un succes s fu l ly at tempts to takeSrirangham i s land from M . Astruc . June 7 Chanda Sah ib’sarmy be i ng i n s trai t s

,M . Law places Chanda Sah ib wi th Manakji,

the Tanj or general, who prom i ses to conn ive at h i s escape . Man

akji puts Chanda Sahib i n i ron s, and on d ispu tes occu rr ing as toh i s cu stody

,Manakji orders h i s execu t ion , June 1 4 .

June 1 3 : M . Law, bes ieged and surrounded , surrenders Trich inopoly to Maj or Lawrence

,del i ver ing h imsel f w i th al l the troops

and s tores . Capt . Dal ton,commanding the advance guards,

rece ives the s urrender of the French troops at Jambukistna.

J u ly 2 3 : Maj or K in near takes the fort of V i llaparum , and

makes an unsuccess fu l attack upon J i nj i ; h i s troops ret i re toTrivadi .

Aug. 1 8 : A n Engl i sh and Swi s s detachmen t under Lawrence

defeat s th e French at Bahur. On th i s defeat I nn is Khan , sen t

by Morarirav to j o i n the Fren ch , comes over to the Engl i sh w i th

Marathas .

Sept . 8 : Shawwal 2 7, H . 1 1 65. Safdar Jang fi nd ing h i s in

fluence at court u nderm in ed by the eunuch Jawad Khan , i nv i tesh im to an en tertai nmen t and assass i nates h im . The emperor now

appo ints Ghazi -ud-din th e Younger, a grandson of N izam-ul Mulk ,to be commander-in-ch ie f

,but he proves more arrogan t than

Safdar Jang . With the help of the Marathas he expels the

vaz zr.

Sept . 3 The Gregor ian cal endar accepted i n England : Sept . 3becom ing Sept . 1 4.

Sept . Cl ive takes Covelong (Kovalam ) and Chingalpat, and

ret i res on s ick leave to England .

Oct . 1 6 : Z i -l hijja 7, H . 1 1 65. Ghazi -ud-din, on h i s way from

Deh l i to regai n h i s possess ion s i n the Dekhan,i s po isoned at

Aurangabad .

Nov . 1 5 : Salabat Jang and M . Bussy make peace w i th Balaj i

AHMAD SHAH . 1 9 5

A . D .

1 752 rav and Raghuj i Bhonsla at Gulbarga,and concessi ons are made

at the expense of Salabat Jang’s sold iery . Thi s gai n s for Bussy

the avers i on of Lashkar Khan , the Nawab’s diwan.

Jan. The French troops, j oin ed by Morarirav wi th

Marathas, en tren ch on the Pennar, but fai l t o support the i r al l i e s

i n several at tacks made on the Engl i sh l i nes .

Jan. M . Bussy fal l s i l l at Gulbarga, and l eaves for Masul ipa

tam . Meanwh i le, Lashkar Khan corrupts the French tr0 0 ps .

Bussy procu res the appoi ntmen t of Shah Nawaz Khan as min i ster,and obtai n s the cessi on of Elur

,Muzaffarnagar, Rajamandri , and

Chikakol for the suppor t of the i r subs id iary force .

H . 1 1 66 . Nawab Safdar Jang, bei ng superseded as vaz 1r by

I ntizam ud-daula, sets up a puppet emperor,and con s t i tu tes

h imself vaz ir. May 9 : Rajab 6, street fights occu r i n Dehl i

between the Safdar Jang’

s party and th e emperor’s .

H . 1 1 67. S iraj -ud-dau la formal ly declared‘Alahwardi Khan’ssuccessor ; he man i fes ts a cruel d i spos i t i on i n his use of power .

Bakht S i ngh of Jodhpur d ies by poi son . B ijay S ingh,h i s son,

succeeds . Ram Singh,h i s cous i n

,con tes ts th e th rone and gai n s

i t wi th the aid of the Marathas. who in tu rn expel Ram Si ngh .

March : Raghuji Bhonsla d ies . His son, Janoji, rece ives the

t i t le of Sena Sah ib Sabha on the Peshwa’s return from the

Karnatak .

A pr i l : Jawan Mard Khan surrenders A hmadabad to the

Marathas .

A pri l-May : The Marathas sk i rm i sh i n For t S t Dav id d i str i c t ,and a ser i ous confl ic t occurs, i n wh ich Basinrao, Morarirav

’

s

nephew,i s k i l led

,wh i le charg ing the Engl i sh l i n e .

Apri l 2 1 ‘Abdul Wahab, bro ther of Muhammad‘A l i

, defeated

by the troops of Murtaza‘A li near Vel lor.

Ju ly 7, N .S . M . Astruc succeeds i n plac ing the French

flag on Golden Rock , sou th of Trich i nopoly, bu t h i s large force i s

completely rou ted i n an act ion w i th Lawrence . Dissens ions

break out among the al l i es . After the v ic tory, the Nawab , prepar i ng to accompany Maj or Lawrence to Tanj or, i s detai ned i n

the c i ty by h i s troops, now i n arrears .

Ju ly B ren ie r,A struc

’

s successor, sends de Cat tano i nto Trich i

1 96 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

nopoly as a spy . Capt . Dal ton d iscovers h i s plan s and compel s

h im to advi se an escalade . The arr ival of Maj or Lawrence pre

vents the at tempt .

Aug . 7 : Lawrence, wi th h i s force augmented by Tanjorinesunder Manakji, arr ives 6 m iles east of Trich i nopoly and rou tsBrenier

’

s force . Aug . 2 3 : Lawrence pu rsues them to Waykonda,

wh ich they abandon . Sept . 1 : the French encamp on Sugarloaf Rock oppos i te the Engl i sh at French Rock

,and on the ers t

are defeated by Lawrence . Waykonda forced and occup i ed .

Dec . 8 Duple i x, i n an attempt to de tach the Tanjorines from

the Engl i sh s ide,orders an at tack upon Dal ton’s bat tery . The

French are repul sed and t rapped , and seek quar ter . Duple i x

sends the Marathas to pl under Tanj or, whereupon the raja retu rn s

to the fr iendship of the Nawab .

Dec . A va i nves ted and taken from the Peguan s by A launghpra,a Bu rmese officer who res i s ted the order to swear al legiance to theTalai ngs .

Dec . 2 3 : Capt . Dal ton beat s up the Mysorean camp under

Srirangham ,and posts i n the i sland 70 European s and 30 0 S ipahis

who are cu t off next day. He expels from the c i ty the Mysoreans

who had been adm i tted as a guarantee .

A farmci n arr ives from the Deh l i emperor, commandi ng Muz

affar Jang to aid the Governor of Pond icher i i n every way.

Jan. 3 : A peace conference meets at Sadras to adj us t the

clai m s of the Engl i sh and Muhammad ‘A li as agai n s t those ofSalabat Jang and the French , the deput ies bei ngMessrs Pal k andVans i t tart for the Engl i sh ; Father Levan t , M . Kirjean, and M .

Bousset for the French . The French comm i ss ion s from Deh l i

prove forger i es, and the con ference leaves the i n ternat ional re

lations more strai ned than before .

Manakji i s re i ns tated as general o f the Tanj or force s on the

proven i ncompetency of Gadhu Rao . He defeats the

Marathas who had en tered Tanj or .

Feb . 1 5 : Morarirav and I nn i s Khan rou t the Engl i sh con

voy and grenad iers on thei r way to Trich i nopoly . The Engl i shlose one-th i rd of thei r bat tal ion

,w i th the convoy , provi s ions , and

J£7,O0 0 . Thi s i s the mos t ser iou s B ri t i sh reverse i n the war.

Apri l : Mr Pal k proceeds to Tanj or to recover the raja’s

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1 9 8 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

Oct . 1 4 Duple i x leaves for France,where he i s badly rece ived .

M . Bussy i s left i n great power at the court of Salabat Jang, th eS t‘i bahdar of the Dekhan .

Oct . 2 5 : The Portuguese conclude a t reaty w i th “ th eBounsulo

”

(Janoj i Bhonsla). Miss ionari es are to be adm i tted

i n to h i s terr i tor ies . The Portuguese undertake to protec t theDesai s of Query , Sanquel im ,

Morly,and al l who had sworn

al leg iance, the“ Bounsulo

” to pay t r ibu te regu lar ly and theDesai s to recover R arim and N eutim .

Nov . A Maratha army,sen t by the Peshwa to the Karna tak

,

l ev i es tr i bu te as far as Bednt'

ir ; R aghunathrav, the Peshwa’s

bro ther,i s en trusted wi th the m i l i tary supervi s ion

,h i s cous i n

,

S iwdashev Chimnaji, wi th the c iv i l .

The Peshwa and Tarabai conclude an agreemen t by wh ichRam Raja

,a weak -m inded pr i nce

,i s kept impri soned .

Dec . 3 1 : The t reaty between the Engl i sh and French for

the cessat i on of hos ti l i t i es and th e restorat i on to the nat ive powers

of thei r possess i on s i n the Karna tak i s s igned at Pondicheri .S t i pu lat i on s are made for the preven t i on o f the es tabl i shmen t offore ign European sett lemen ts i n thei r posses s ion s, and to w i thdraw from i n terference i n the affai rs o f nat i ve pr i nces .

Jan. 1 4 : George P igot t Governor o f Madras, t i l l Nov . 1 4,

1 763.

Feb . An Engl i sh force under L i eu t .-Col . Heron marches un

opposed i n to Madura, makes al l iance wi th the Maravar. Heron

takes Koilgadi and (March) Nel ikotta by assaul t,and l ets the

coun tr ie s to Mahft'

i z Khan . The French remonstrate, and the

al l iance wi th the Maravat i s d i sal l owed i n the i n teres t s of Tanj or.

Heron is t r i ed by court mar t ial , found gu i l ty and d ism i ssed the

serv ice i n J une .

Feb . 1 5 M . G odeheu l eaves for France, the governorsh ip de

volv ing on a secret comm i t tee o f MM . Bar thelemy Boi leau andGai l lard pendi ng the arr ival of M . D eleyrit, who arr i ved onMarch 2 5th.

March : An agreement made between the Bombay governor

and Ramaj i Pant for an exped i t i on agai n s t Tulaji Angria. Com

modore James leaves i n the “ Protector ” for th e Malabar coas t ,

MU HAMAD ALAMG I R I I . 1 99

to pursue Angria. Apri l 2 he takes Suvarnadurg, and (Apri l 8)Bankot from Tulaji Angria wi thou t the help of the Marathas .

Ramchandar Sawant of Sawantwadi abd icates i n favour of h i sson , Khem Sawant. Rana Pratap S ingh of Udaypur d ies . KamaRajsingh I I . succeeds , bu t the Marathas have n ow a fi rm holdupon Rajasthan .

Mom in Khan recovers Gogha and Ahmadabad from thePeshwa’s officers .

March : Raghuji Bhonsla dies at Nagpur. His e ldes t son,

Janoji, succeeds at Nagpur, wh i le Chanda and Chhatisgarh are

given as an appanage to Madhavji, a younger son .

March Basein (Burma) occup ied by Talai ngs, but retaken inA pr i l by the B urmese . Mr Brooke

,ch ief of th e Br i t i s h se t t l e

men t at NegraiS—begun by M r Saunders i n 1 753—suppl i es

m i l i tary stores to the Burmese . Cap t . Baker proceeds on an

embassy from Negrai s to A va. A launghpra perm i ts the establ i shment of factori es at R angt

’

i n and Basein.

A pr i l 1 4 : The Mai s ur regen t, finding h i s schemes agai n s t

Tr ich i n opoly fu t i le, decamps from Sri rangam and l eaves theFrench i n camp as thei r represen tat i ve i n the Karnatak .

May : M . Mai ss i n sen t by M . D eleyrit to quel l a r i s i ng i n

Terriur, takes the ch ief town , deposes the rebel l iou s Redd i and

re i n s tates h i s predecessor.

May : The Palegars of Madura oppose the farmi ng of thei r

prov i nce by Mahfuz Khan , who in June concen trates at Tinne

vel i . Ju ly : he is defeated by the Pultavar’s forces, and agai n by

aTravankor army . Nov.,the Pultavar cu t s down two compan i es

of Engl i sh sepoys i n Mahfuz Khan ’s army . Mahft‘

i z Khan

return s to Tinnevel i .

Oct . 8 : Serampur (Fredericksnagar) taken possess i on of bythe Danes .

Oct . Cl ive , appo in ted a l ieu tenan t-colonel i n England , arr i ves

at Bombay wi th a force of ar t i l lery .

The Portuguese Government nom inates a procurator o f the

Portuguese i n Pond icher i . A hundred and for ty - seven Jesu i t

pr iests are apprehended at G oa and sen t to L i sbon , where they

were impr i soned for s i xteen years .

200 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

A . D .

1 755 Nov . The Peshwa’s troops make i ncurs i on s on A ngria’

s coas t

forts and reduce al l north of Gheria or Vijayadurg.

Jan. The Madura Palegars revol t , and are defeated , March

z rst,by S ipahis under Jamal Sah ib . Muhammad Yusuf proceeds

to Madura, re i n forces the fort w i th S ipahis he j o in s Mahft'

i z Khanagai n s t the rebels, who send i n thei r submiss ion to Chevelpetur

on June 1 0 .

Feb . 1 1 : A second exped i t i on agai n s t Angria made by RamajiPan t and Khandoji Mankar for the Peshwa, and Admiral Watson

and Colonel Cl ive for the Engl i sh . R amaji Pan t plans to exclude

the Engl i sh from shar i ng th e pri ze-money,bu t i s ant ic ipated ;

Angria flees to the Mara thas, by whom he i s held pri soner, andVijayadurg fort su rrenders t o Adm i ral Wat son

,Feb . 1 3.

Feb . A body of Marathas i nvade Sonda i n Kanara,to exact

tr ibute al l eged to be due . The raja,Imodi

,offers any for t ress

i n s tead,and the Marathas occupy Phonda. An exped i t i on sen t

from Goa to preven t the occupat i on i s defeated ; the Viceroy

leads a second charge on J une 2 2,when he loses h i s l i fe .

Feb . Salabat Jang and Bussy march agai n s t ‘Abdul Hak imKhan , Nawab of Savanur, now i n league w i th Murarirav of Gu t i .Balajirav at the same t ime rei nforces Salabat Jang

’

s army for the

pun i shmen t of Murarirav,who wi th the Nawab , after th ree

mon th s’ s i ege, consen ts to terms of a negot iat i on conducted by

M . Bussy . Shah Nawaz Khan , Murarirav’

s depu ty, i n s t igates

Salabat Jang to d i sm i ss M . Bussy from h i s service, who hadpr ivately recei ved Murarirav

’s bond on the French for former

serv ices,to e ffect h i s reconci l iat ion wi th the Peshwa . Bussy wi th

h i s troops leaves for Masu l ipatam ,bu t return s to Haidarabad in

June,and becomes reconc i led to Salabat Jang on Aug . 1 5, ow ing

to the fr iend ly conn ivance of Ramchandar Jadaw and Janoji

Nimbalkar,who perm i t ted M . Law to j o i n the French wi th

re in forcemen ts at Charmahal .

Apri l 1 0 : Rajab 9 , H . 1 1 69 . A lahwardi Khan , Nawab of

Bengal,d ies, and i s succeeded by h i s grand -nephew and grandson ,

M i rza Mahmud S i raj -ud-daula, son of Zai n-ud-din Mahmud,

who,by plac ing h i s favou r i tes i n the ch ief posts, causes several

d i sm i ssed m i n i s ters to league for h i s removal i n favou r of h i s

cous i n, Shukot Jang, Governor of Purniya. On the march agai n s t

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2 0 2 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF IN DIA.

Calcu tta i s reoccupied and Mr Drake res tored to the governmen t,but i s afterward s d i sm i ssed from h i s pos t by the Di rectors . Jan.

1 0 : Hagli i s retaken .

Jan. 2 4 : M . Bussy, w i th V iz iaram Rao of V i jayanagar’s ass i s t

ance , at tacks Bobbi l i,the for t of Ranga Rao

,ch i ef Palegar i n

the Vizagapatam di str ic t . After a fi erce struggl e the fort wastaken , the garr i son hav ing burn t thei r women and ch i ldren , andRanga Rao i s k i l led . Jan. 2 7 Vi z iaram Rao i s pu t to death i n h i sten t by two of the Palegar

’s garr i son .

Feb . 4 : The Nawab, d i sregard i ng overtures of peace, marches

to Hugli and thence to Cal cu tta, wh ich he surrounds, bu t i s

defeated . Feb . 9 a t reaty offens i ve and defen s i ve and perm i t ti ng

the Engl i sh to fort i fy Calcu tta is s igned,Am ichand Om ichand

and Ranj i t Rao acti ng as mediators .

Feb . 1 1 : A proposed at tack on Chandranagar i s not found

prac t i cable by the j o i n t army, owing to the Nawab’s Sh i ft i ng

pol icy . Adm iral Watson refu ses to s ign a proposed treaty of

neu tral i ty between the French and Engl i sh i n Bengal , offered by

M . Renaul t,Governor of Chandranagar

,whereon Cl i ve at tacks

the town,which cap i tu lates

,March 2 3.

March : Capt . Cai llaud marches from Trich i nopoly to regai n

Madura and reduce the rebel Palegars. I n conj unct ion w ith

Muhammad Yusu f he set t les th e Tinnevel i di str i ct and regu lates

th e affai rs of the Mudal i .

March : Balajirav wi th Marathas appears before

Seri ngapatam demand ing two m i l l i on rupees from Haidar ‘A l ias arrears of tr ibu te, and on refusal bombards th e town . A

smal l er sum i s accep ted and the d i st r ic t of Sera occup ied , Balwan t

Rav bei ng left to reduce o ther early Maratha possess ion s .

Apri l I n the Karnatak, host i l i t i es break out between the NawabMuhammad ‘A l i and h i s brother Najibulla. The Engl i sh send a

force to aid the Nawab, but recal l i t on i t s fai l i ng to take N el lor.

Apri l 1 5 Mr Pr ice on the par t of the Company en ters i n to a

commerc ial agreement w i th Ram Raja of Satara for the regu la

t i on of sal t trade and charge of the Mahar r iver .

A pr i l 2 0 : Sholavandan fort i s abandoned to Muhammad

Yt’

i suf. May 1 Caillaud i s defeated i n an at tempt to carry Madura

by escalade owi ng to the bark i ng of a dog . May 2 6 : he reaches

Trich i nopoly .

MU I I AMA D ALAMG I R 1 1 . 2 0 3

Apri l : Yar Khan Lat i , an officer,confers secret ly wi th Mr

Wm . Watt s,Engl i sh represen tat i ve at Mursh idabad , respec t i ng

the depos i t i on of th e Nawab S i raj -ud-dau la Mir Ja‘far ‘A l i Khan,

husband of S i raj -ud-daula’s aun t,al so offers to aid. Am ichand

Seth Om ichand however, prov ing mut i nous, demands twen ty

lakh s of rupees, or 5 per cen t . on the Nawab’s treasures

,as the

price of s i lence . Cl ive dece ives Om ichand as to the reward of

his S i l ence by a draft t reaty .

H . 1 1 70 : Ahmad Shah Duran i,to avenge Mir Manu ’s

son ’s se i zure at Lahor by Ghazi -ud-din, advances i n to H industan ,takes Deh l i , wh ich agai n becomes the scene of mas sacres . A

detachmen t commanded by Sardar Jahan Khan surpr i ses theinhabi tan ts o f Math ura at a rel ig iou s fest ival , and massacres them .

June : Shawwal,H . 1 1 70 , Ahmad Shah Duran i l ev i es money and

re turns to h i s dom i n ion s, l eav i ng Naj i b -ud-daula as Am i r-ul‘Umra

,or m i n i s ter

,to protec t Alamgi r I I . from Ghazi -ud-din.

A pr i l 2 6 : E lvasanor abandoned by the Engl i sh to a French

attack i ng force under M . d’

Autueil .

May 2 6 The Bombay pres idency send a force under Adlercronto ass i s t at Tr ich i nopoly . Hear i ng o f Cai l laud ’s arr i val there they

tu rn to Wand iwash, whi ch they attack on June 6 . Hear i ng of

the French sei zu re of the factor ies at Madapol lani , Bandermalanka,

and I njeram ,the pres idency recal l s the troops .

May : A launghpra takes the cap i tal o f Pegu : most of the

lead ing men are put to death , and many town speople sold as

s laves . J u ly 2 3 : A launghpra gran ts perm i s s i on to Br i t i shmerchan ts to hold the i sland of Negrais, al so gran ts ground for a

fac tory at Basein t o the Eas t I nd ia Co .

June 4 M ir Ja‘far s ign s a t reaty wi th the Engl i sh and explai n sh i s proposed l i ne of ass i s tance . J une 1 2 Cal cu tta and Chandra

nagar troops mob i l i se : Mr Wm . Wat ts j o i n s the army . June 1 5

S i raj -ud-dau la secures the neu tral i ty of Mir Ja‘far who, however,s t i l l engages to ab ide by h i s covenan t w i th Cl ive . J une 1 6 : th e

army encamps at Pat l i , wes t of Kas imbazar .

June 2 3 : Shawwal 5, H . 1 1 70 . The two arm ies engage at

Plassey, when Cl i ve’s pu t to fl igh t th e horse and

i n fantry of S iraj -uddaula, Mir Ja‘far remai n i ng i nact i ve

on the plai n . The Nawab takes fl igh t on a camel . Mir Ja‘far i sproclaimed Nawab of Bengal , B ihar, and Or i ssa on June 2 9th.

204 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

Am ichand , real i s ing the decep t i on practi sed on h im , becomesi n sane . July 2 : Si raj -ud-daula cap tured and put to death by

order of M ir Ja‘far’s son, Miran .

June : U tramalti r i s occupied by the French ; i n J u ly i t i sretaken by the Bri t i sh .

July 6 : S i r Eyre Coo te,d ispatched to Bengal (now en tered

by the French,ostens ib ly i n the late Nawab’s i n teres ts), arri ves at

Bagl ipur. By the con n ivance of Ramnarayan , Vice-Nawab ofB ihar

,the French elude S i r Eyre Coote’

s force . A con ference i s

held between Coote and Ramnarayan , as a resu l t o f wh ich the

lat ter swear s al l egiance to M ir Ja‘far .A ug. 1 6 : Adm iral Charles Wat son d ies of fever : S i r George

Pococke succeeds as naval Commander-in~Chief i n I nd ia.

Sept . 8 : Eleven French ships, under command of the Marqu i s

de Soupi res, appear off For t S t David and di sembark troops at

Pond icheri , bu t do not attack .

Sept . P lots between the d iwan Dulab Ram and Mir Ja‘farpreven t the departu re of Cl ive from Bengal . Oct . 1 7 reconc i l ia

t i on e ffected by Mr Wat ts,bu t i n su rrect ion s at Dhaka breaking

ou t th e Nawab Mir Ja‘far proceeds to Raj mahal l eavi ng Murshidabad i n charge of M i ran , who, Nov . 1 0 : Sa‘far, H . 1 1 7 1 , pu ts

to death M i rza Mehdi,the i n fan t grandson of‘A lahwardi Khan .

Sholavandan , between Madura and D indagal , i s held by

Muhammad Yusu f to cover the French operat i on s agai n s t

Madu ra. Sept .,Madura capi tu lates to Capt . Call iaud i n face

of certai n defeat . Bussy has great i nfluence i n the Dekhan

and obtai n s from the Subahdar a gran t of Mustafanagar, E l lor,

Rajamahendri,and Chikakol d i str ic t s .

Oct . 1 : M . de Soupi res encamps before Chittapet i n North

A rkat : owing to the Nawab Muhammad ‘Ali ’s representat i on s , nohelp i s sen t by the Madras pres idency to the Ki l ledar, who i s shot

dead i n an assau l t . The fort fal l s on Oct . 1 3. Trinomal i for t

capi tulates Oct . 1 8, and eigh t more fort s fal l before the French .

Nov . Capt . Call iaud report s the Mudal i’

s i ncompetence to

manage the Madura di s tr i c t and th e neces s i ty of removing Mahft‘

i z

Khan from the prov i nce . The latter becomes a pensi oner .

Nov.-Dec . Hai dar‘A li captures the for t of Sholavandan and

plunders the Madura di st r i c t,though unable to take the c i ty .

Sholavandan i s retaken by the Br i t i sh .

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2 0 6 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I NDIA.

Sher Khan Babi d ies at Junagadh . His son, Muhammad

Muhabat Khan,i s acknowledged by the noble s of h i s court .

A pr i l 2 8 : A French fleet u nder Comte d’A che

’

, w i th Coun t

de Lal ly as commander—in-ch ief,sen t by the King and Company

of France for th e ej ect ion o f the Engl i sh from I nd ia, appears offFor t S t Dav id , and, 2 9 th, engages the Engl i sh i n an undeci s ive

combat w i th loss of men , i nfl i ct i ng , however, some damage tothe Engl i sh r iggings . May 2 : Coun t Lal ly

,with h i s French force ,

lands at Pond icher i and i n three hours departs for Kudalur where

he i s j o i ned by M . Soup i res ; Kudalur su rrenders May 4, and

the French by sea and land i nves t Fort S t Dav id wh ich cap i tulate sJune 1

,and they raze the foundat ion s . Lal ly concen trates the

troops from the outposts,wh ich are then occup ied by the nat ive

garr i son s . M . D’

E staign on June 4 i s detached to take D evikota,wh ich the garri son abandon on h i s approach .

Apri l : M . Bussy obtai n s Dau latabad fort from Shah Nawaz

Khan’s k i l ladar by stratagem on behal f of Salabat Jang, whose

bro ther,Nizam ‘A li

,resen t s the occu rrence

,bu t s imu lates

acqu iescence and prepares to depart for h i s government at

Haidarabad : bu t, May 1 1,i nv i tes Haidar Jang , Bussy

’s ch i e f

officer,to an en tertai nmen t and causes h i s assass i nat i on . May 1 2

i n the con fus ion a Hindu subahdar of the French sepoys en ters

Shah Nawaz Khan ’s ten t and puts h im and h i s son, Yeman—uddaula

,to death .

June 7 : Lal ly retu rns i n tr i umph to Pond icheri,bu t M .

D eleyrit remonstrates regard ing the empty t reasury .

June 1 8 Lal ly agai n takes the field , reach i ng Kar ikal June 2 5.

He send s proposal s o f al l iance to the Raja of Tanj or, and

meanwh i le takes Nagor, 4 mi les from Negapatam,and forces

assi s tance from Negapatam and Tranquebar .

June 2 0 : The Hardwicke arr ives at Calcu tta wi th a Com

m iss ion from the Cou r t of D irec tors remodel l i ng the whole

governmen t,v i z —a Counc i l o f ten to be appo in ted , the four

sen ior members nom inated as governors,each to pres ide i n

rotat i on for three mon th s . Cl ive i s n o t i ncluded i n the nom ina

t i on . The proposal i s r id icu led , and Cl ive i s u nan imously elected

pres iden t,June 2 6 .

Ju ly 4 : Let ters are rece i ved at Calc u tta from Anand Rao of

MU HAMAD ALAMG IR 1 1 . 2 0 7

Rajamandr i and Chikakol ask i ng help to recover the d i str i c tstaken by the French .

The Raja of Tanj or seeks help from the pres idency,wh ich

sends Muhammad Yusu f w i th 50 0 sepoy s and ten art i l lerymenfrom Trich i n opoly . The French and Manakji, the Tanj orgeneral , remai n i nact ive be fore Tanj or t i l l Aug . 2 , when Lal lyopen s fi re on the town . After a sal l y i s made from th e town ,the French decamp . They arr ive at Karikal Aug. 1 8 .

J u ly : M . Bussy, proceed i ng to Hai darabad to pun i sh N izam‘A li for defect ion , recei ves imperat ive orders from Lal ly to returnto Pond icheri . J uly 1 8 : he qu i ts Aurangabad wi th his army andreaches Nel lor Sep t . 4.

Ju ly 2 4 : D i‘

i lab Rai i s superseded as diwan to M iran byRajabul lab , bu t ordered by Mi ran to pay th e troops—who sur

round h i s hou se . Mr Scrafton , th e Res iden t at Murshidabad ,i n tercedes

,and D t

'

i lab Rai i s taken to Cal cu t ta.

Aug . 3 : The French and Engl i sh squadron s engage off Kar ikal,the French los i ng i n men , the Engl i sh r igg ing su fferi ng damage .

D’

Aché decides to sai l for Maur i t i us .

Aug. Further advices from Anand Rao, and s im i lar i n te l l igence

from Mr Bri s tol,formerly agen t at Katak

,arr i ve at Calcu tta

,i n

v i ew of wh ich Clive d i spatches L i eu t. -Col . Franci s Forde i n Oct .wi th a force of 50 0 European s and nat ive troops to V izagapatam to create a d ivers i on agai n s t the French i n the NorthernSarkars.

Sept . 4 : M ir Ja‘far i s i n t im idated by a sed i t ious gather ing oftroops by Khwaja Hadi , the bakfis/zz

’

of Mursh idabad . A chargeagains t Dulab Rai i s rai sed, bel ieved by Cl i ve to be a forgery ofthe Nawab and Miran

,the more so as Khwaja Hadi

,the on ly

poss ible w i tness,was k i l led i n a fray . Cl ive pr i vate ly warn s the

Nawab .

Sept . 1 0 : The French under M . Saub inet take Trinomal ifort from Krishna Rao’s k i l ladar, and put 50 0 men to the sword .

Karungul i (Carangoly) subm i t s, and Trivatur, under MuzaffarBeg, i s taken after a field engagement .

Sep t . 1 2 : M r Johns tone,advance agen t from Bengal

,arr i ves

at Vizagapatam ,which the Raja had taken from the French

, and

rece ives possess i on .

2 0 8 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA.

Oct . 4 : Lal ly takes Fort S t Dav id .

Oct . 2 0 : Col . Forde and h i s squadron arr ive and j o i n the RajaAnand Rao’s t roops at Kasimkotta, to march agai n s t th e Marqu i s

de Conflans at Rajamandr i . The j o i n t arm ies at tack on Dec . 9

at Peddapu r, where the European par t of th e force gai n s a sl igh tsuccess, fol lowed by a complete v ictory . Conflans flees to Raja

mandri,wh ich the Eng l i sh occupy the fol low ing day.

RajaWanj i Baula Perumal succeeds Wanj i Martanda Perumalat Travankor. He con t i nues the subj ugat i on o f pe t ty ch iefs bymeans of an army d i sc ip l i n ed by Portuguese, Dutch , and I tal ianofficers .

Farmdm are granted to Mr Gambier by the Rajas of Bri ngaand Bednti r for the purchase of pepper .

Nov . 2 9 : Lal ly’s army moves from Conj ivaram , and on Dec .

1 2 commences the s iege of Fort S t George, Madras, held by

Col s . Lawrence andDraper . Dec . 1 3 the French occupy Black

town . Dec . 1 4 : a sal ly is made from Madras,resu l t i ng i n heavy

loss for bo th s ides . A ten weeks’ cannonade is now begun,

las t i ng t i l l Feb . 1 6,1 759 .

Jan. 2 : Lal ly open s fi re on Madras, and cont i nues fi r ing on

the fort for the res t of the mon th . Jan . 2 7 : Capt . Preston,

wi th Muhammad t suf and‘Abdul Wahab Khan , the Nawab’s

bro ther,encamp at Trim l iwash, 1 2 mi les from Madras . Feb .

1 6 : th i s force i s j o i ned by Maj or Call iaud wi th a smal l detach

men t at S t Thome,and i s at tacked by the French , Feb . 1 9 , i n

two large bod ies . Call iaud defeats them ,and on the arr i val of

the Engl i sh flee t under Admi ral Pococke, Lal ly prec ipi tately

rai ses th e s i ege of Madras,Feb . 2 7, N . S .

March 6 : Lal ly’s force moves to A rkat , and the Engl i sh fol low

the French,who move to Conjivaram . Maj or B rereton i s now

vested i n the command of the k i ng’s troops , and Maj or Cal l iaud

succeeds Maj or Lawrence i n the B . I .C. command .

S idd i Miyan Achan hav i ng expel led ‘A li Nawaz Khan fromthe governmen t of Surat

,as sumes h i s pos i t i on , bu t i s con trol led

by S idd i Ahmad Khan,and t rade is being ru i ned . Feb .

,Mr

Spencer,ch ief of the factory

,lands a force and takes the c i ty,

and Miyan A chan capi tu lates, March 4, and gives up the cast l e

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2 1 0 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

J uly : Basalat Jang,fi fth son of N izam -ul Mulk, l eaves h i s

brothers and takes Polor. The Palegars and Naj i b-ul la appeal tothe Madras pres idency for help .

Ju ly 7 : A French de tachmen t evacuates Covrepak on the

fi rs t summon s of the Engl i sh .

Ju ly : Lal l y appoi n t s Raja Sah i b, son of Chanda Sah i b, Nawab

of the Karna tak . He i s crowned wi th osten tat i on at Arkat andPond icheri . Th i s act i s tantamount to a renunciat i on of fri endsh ipw i th Salabat Jang.

J uly : Muhammad Yusu f wi th S ipahis carri es on a

campaign i n Madura. Fort Kalankandan i s razed . Ju ly 1 5Tinnevel i is reached, where Mahft

‘

i z Khan agrees to leave h i s al l i es

on prom i se of aj agz‘

r. He i s sen t to Madras, where some con

cess i ons secure the peace and order of Tinnevel i .

Ju ly 2 5 Sergean t Hunterman wi th Krishnarav and a gar r i soncap i tulates at Fort Tiyagar, Volkonda, to a bes iegi ng army of 60 0

French : the bes ieged be i ngal lowed to march ou t wi th the i r arm s .

July 2 6 : The Portuguese Viceroy, the Conde de Ega, concludes

a secre t treaty w ith Janoji Bhonsla by wh ich he prom i ses to pro

cure from the King of Por tugal the res t i tu t i on of the provi nces

ceded i n 1 754.

Aug. 8 : A Dutch fleet from Batavia arr i ves o ff Negapatam ,

bound for Bengal , th e Dutch bei ng Opposed to B ri t i sh annexat ion

th ere . Cl ive, prev iously warned of the i r i n ten t ions, and fear i ng

a coal i t i on wi th M ir Ja‘far, withs tands them—on h i s asserted

behal f—on land and sea, wi th the resu l t that s i x o f thei r flee t are

captured , wh i le of 70 0 t roops on ly four teen reach Chi n sura.

Dec . 8 : a conven tion between th e Bengal Governmen t and the

Dutch i s s igned at Calcu t ta.

Aug . The K ing of Cotiote (Kot tayam ) concludes an offen s ive

al l iance wi th the Engl i sh R . I . Company .

The Marathas under Gopal Hari i nvade Mai su r and afterthree mon ths’ s i ege take Channapat na. An i ndemni ty of th i rty

two lakh s i s paid , and the Mara thas evacuate the pledged d istr i cts .Haidar ‘A l i i s accorded a splend id recept ion by the Raja and

sal u ted as Fatha Hai dar Bahadur .

A ug. 30 : A French fleet under D ’A ché, re in forced by th ree

MUHAMAD ALAMGIR I I . 2 1 1

men -of-war under D ’

Egvil le, proceed from Trinkomal i to For t

S t David,and on Sept . 1 0 engage w i th the Engl ish fleet . Much

damage done on both s ides the two fl eets draw off.

Sept . : Muharram ,H . 1 1 73. Ahmad Shah Duran i agai n i nvades

the Panjab,march ing up the I ndus from Sh ikarpur to Peshawar

,

and keep ing near the h i l l s, crosses the Jamna near Saharanpur,i n Rab i‘I . Oct . -Nov .

Sept . 2 6 : Maj or B rereton w i th the mai n army marches from

Conjivaram . The garr i son at Tiruvattt‘

i r capi tu lates . Sep t . 2 9 :a t r ipl e at tack made on Wand iwash at n igh t, but the garr i son

of the French holds ou t . Much loss i s su stai ned on both s ides .B re re ton moves for Conjivaram .

Oc t . 5 Bussy arr ives at Wand iwash,bu t leaves on Oc t . 1 0 for

Arkat,send ing back the mai n body to Wand iwash , where they

mut i ny for pay, th reaten i ng to j o i n the Engl i sh . Bussy, arr iv i ng,

conc i l iates them and th ey retu rn to camp .

Oct . A launghpra, King of B urma, hav ing heard that th e E l .

Co . at Negrai s had sold arm s and ammuni t i on to th e Talai ng

rebel s,orders the set t lement to be destroyed . Oct . 5 : Mr Southby

the agen t and other Eu ropean s, together w i th 1 0 0 I nd ian s, are

murdered . Al l compensat ion re fu sed i n 1 760 .

Oct . 7 I n answer to request s from Narayandin,chie f of Gan

j am,for help agai n st the French , Cl ive sends the Hardwicke ” to

Ganjam,but Narayandin being no longer anx iou s to expel the

French,sends back the sh ip .

Oct .-Nov . : Rabi‘I .,H . 1 1 73. The Marathas, under D ataj i

S ind ia, i nvade the Rohi la country, bu t are surpr i sed and cu t to

pieces by A hmad Shah ‘A bdal i . Gov i nd Pand i t,one of thei r

ch iefs, i s defeated by Nawab Shuja‘-ud-daula Bahadur who

,wi th

the R ohilas, proceed s to j o i n A hmad Shah‘Abdali .

Nov . M . Morac in wi th a smal l force lands at Cokanada,and

fai l i ng to gai n over the R aja to the French i n teres t, l oses many of

h i s force i n figh ti ng for food,and sai l s wi th the remai n i ng five or

s i x to Pond icher i .

Nov . Joao Lou renco Vel lozo, a deserter from G oa, forges al et ter i n the Viceroy’s name, offer ing to g ive up Goa to the French .

Mr Hodges,ch ief of the Engl i sh factory at Tel licheri

,sends i t

w i th an explanat i on to the Viceroy, when Vellozo makes con

fession .

Z I Z THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA.

Nov . 2 1 : C0 1 . Coote moves on Conj i varam , wh i le Capt .Pres ton takes pos i t i on at Chingalpat, i n readin ess to move onWand iwash . Maj or B rere ton captures Tiruvattt

'

ir,and on the

2 6th, Wand iwash town .‘Nov . 2 8 : Coote

’

s de tachment arr ives,and on the 3oth Wandiwash fort fal l s before the j oi n t at tack . M .

Bussy i s taken pri soner. Dec . 4 : Coote’

s force en ters Karungul itown , and th e for t capi tulates on Dec . Dec . 1 3 : th e army

goes i n to can tonment s at Covrepak and d i str ict .

SHAH JAHAN I I . AN D SHAH ‘A LAM .

Nov. 30 : Rabi‘I I . 2 0,H . 1 1 73. Alamgi r I I . mu rdered by

order of the Vazi r Ghazi -ud-din. Muhi—ul Mil lat,th e young son

of Muhi -us Sunnat, the son of Kam Bakhsh , the fi fth son of

Aurangz i b , i s p laced on the th rone w ith the t i t l e of Shah Jahanti l l Oct . 9 . Meanwh i le M i rza‘Abdul lah ‘A li Gauhar

,the son of

‘Alamgi r I I .,now i n B ihar

,hear i ng o f h i s father’s death

, assumes

imper ial au thori ty, J umada I . 4 Dec . 2 5, wi th the t i t le of Jala l

ud-din Shah ‘Alam ,t i l l 1 786 .

Dec . 1 . Ahmad Shah Abdali arr ived at Deh l i,l eft a garr i son

there,and fel l back on Anupshah r. Sadashiv Bhau and the

Peshwa Balaj i Bajirav move from the Dekhan agai n s t h im , are

j o ined by I brahim Khan Gard i (previ ously i n the French servi ce),by S i nd ia and Holkar, by Govi nd Pan t and Suraj Mal l Ja t

,

havi ng thu s an i mmense army . The Dehl i fort ificat i on s captured

i n the end of Dec .

Jan. : J umada I . ,H . 1 1 73. The Afghan s and R ohi las defeat

D ataji S ind ia and Jankaj i on the p lai n of Bawal i near Shahjahan

abad . Holkar’

s arm y cut to p ieces by the A bdalis at S ikandra.

Holkar escapes .

Jan. 2 0 : Agai n s t th e better j udgmen t o f M . Bussy,Lal ly

at tacks Wand iwash , and on Jan. 2 2 sustai n s a defeat wi th heavy

loss from the rel iev ing force under S i r Eyre Coote . The French

force defeated at Chittapet, wh ich surrenders to Coote, Jan. 2 8.

Lal ly ret i re s to Pond icher i .

Jan. 2 8 : Col . Cl ive sai l s for England . John Zephan iah Holwel l acti ng Governor of Bengal , t i l l J uly 2 7. He d ied Nov . 5,

1 798.

Feb . The French outpost s at A rkat,D evikotta, Trinomal i,

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2 1 4 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I NDIA .

k i l led by l igh tn ing at n igh t . Col . Call iaud places h i s troops i ncantonmen ts for the rai n s .

Ju ly 2 4 : Z i -l hijja 9 . The Maratha army, under V ishvasrav,th e son of Balaj i Bajirav, and Sadashiv Bhau , i nves t s Dehl i , wh ich

cap i tu lates i n ten days . The Bhau defaced the palaces, tombs,and sh ri nes for the i r r i ch ornaments

,and co i ned the s i l ver ce i l i ng

o f the D iwan -i-‘Amm i n to rupees .The Raj puts and Jats w i thdraw from the Maratha confederacy .

Ju l y 2 7 : Henry Vans i t tar t assumes office i n success i on toCl ive as Governor of Bengal , t i l l 1 765.

Aug . 1 2 Haidar,i n h i s camp at Darya Daulat

,i s t reacherous ly

fi red on by h i s prad/zdn Khande Rao , and escapes , ow ing to th e

non -appearance o f the Maratha al l ies .

Aug-Sept. Karur fort taken from the French . The French

form a t reaty w i th Hai dar ‘A l i,who advances to the i r aid at

Pond icher i bu t the al l i e s were completely beaten by the Engl i sh ,Sep t . 4, and Hai dar

‘A l i soon after w i thdrew .

Sep t . 2 0 : CO1. Monson (now i nval id) succeeded by Col . EyreCoote as commander of the Madras army .

Sep t . 2 7 : A riangkopang fort taken and th e gorges i n the

Pond icher i boundary hedge redoubts re- t renched . An attack ofthe French repul sed .

Mr Vans i t tart,Capt . Cal liaud, and a detachmen t proceed to

Mursh idabad and reques t M ir Ja‘far to res ign . He i s deposed

but to retai n th e t i t le and i s promi sed a res idence at Calcu t ta.

Sept . 2 7 Mir Kas im,son—ih -law to Mir Ja‘far, i s appo in ted Nawab

of Bengal by treaty w i th the Engl i sh . He y ields to the E l . Co .

Bardhwan,Midnapur

,and Chittagaon for the suppor t of tr0 0 ps .

Nov . 7 : Van s i t tar t return s to Calcu t ta where h i s act ion s are

cen sured by the Counc i l not members of the Select Comm i t tee .

Oct . 1 Col . Eyre Coo te and Cap t . Joseph Sm i th capture theMadras redoub t at Pond icheri . Though retaken i n the n igh t

i t i s agai n occup ied on Oct . 2 and s trongly gar ri soned . Oct . 6

a naval demonstrat i on on th e French sh ips made by the Engl ish

squadron’s boats .

Oct . Lal ly seeks aid from the Marathas, prom i s i ng them a

money paymen t and the ces s ion of J i nj i fortress .

SHAH ‘ALAM I I . 2 1 5

Oct . 1 6 : A dm iral Watson wi th s tores arr ives at Pond icher i .

Mr Cal l th e eng ineer arr i ves to conduct the t renches .

Oct . 2 6 : The Portuguese Viceroy en ters i n to a treaty wi th thePeshwa

,who agrees to del i ver Sambaul in, Supa, Sangamner, and

Phonda,for wh ich a Portuguese flee t i s prom i sed for the capture

of Janj i ra and Kansa (44 m iles south of Bombay). The S idd i of

Janj i ra,however

,privately offers these fortres ses to the B ri t i sh at

Bombay . Dec . 9 th i s offer i s accep ted and a detachmen t sen t .

Oct . 2 7 : Fourteen hundred nat ives expel led from Pond icher i

but s topped at the l im i t by the S ipahis. They remai n ou ts ide

the wal l s t i l l perm i t ted by C0 1. Coo te to pass ou t .

SHAH ‘A LAM I I .

Oct . 9 : Safar 2 9 , H . 1 1 74. Sadashiv Bhau removes Shah

Jahan I I . and i n stal s M i rza Jawan Bakh t , grandson of‘A lamgi r

I I .

, as Emperor, wi th the t i t le of Jala l -ud-di n Shah ‘Alam ,appoi n t

i ng Shuj a‘-ud-daula as vaz i r. Sadashiv captures For t Kunjpi‘

i ra,

puts to death ‘Abdu s -Samad Khan Abdal i and Qu tb Khan

and impri sons other zam i ndars . Ahmad Shah orders h i s t roopsto cros s the Jum na . Nov . 2 9 : the A bdal is are defeated i n an

act i on,where

,however

,the Maratha l oss i s Dec . 2 3 after

another confl i c t , i n wh ich Balwantrav i s k i l led , the Mara thas re t i re

to Panipat .

Nov. 2 0 : Fi ri ng resumed more con t i n uously at Pond icheri .

Maj or Al len at Tiyagar i s j o i ned by V isaji Pand i t the Mara tha,

al so by a body from Tranquebar .

Dec . 4 : The Raja of Mysore en ters Karur ; h i s forces are

beaten off at Nars i ngpur . A revol t i n Madura occurs .

Dec. 2 4 : The Raja of Sunda (Malabar) gran t s a farmdn to

Rober t Gamb ier for the purchase of pepper produced in the

country .

Dec . 3 1 A severe hurr i cane at Pond icher i has seri ou s effec ts

on the Engl i sh forces, s iege-works , and sh ip s .

I shvari S ingh , of Jaypur, d ies . Madhu S ingh , hi s bro ther,

succeeds .

1 76 1 Jan. 1 Great ear thquake in Arakan .

Jan. 5 : A body of Marathas i ssues from camp at Pani pat i n

2 1 6 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

desperat i on for food,bu t are cu t to p ieces by th e A fghans . A

deci s ive bat t le reso lved on .

Jan. 7-

9 : O n the subsidence of the r iver, renewed at tacks onPond icheri are made . Fresh cannon and s tores arri ve from

Madras . Jan. 1 0 : Coote’s aide-de-camp

,D uespe, i s k i l led whi le

speak ing to a messenger from Lal ly. The Hanover bat tery pou rs

fire i n to the town . Jan. 1 4 a deputat i on advances from the townand offers terms of adm iss i on , and on Jan . 1 6 the Engl i sh take

possess ion . The governmen t i s vested i n the Madras p res idencyand the fortificat i on s demol i shed by order of Mr P igot, th eGovernor .

Jan. 1 2 : Ananda Ranga P i l lai, diar i s t and ch i ef dobhashi

( i n terpreter) at Pondicheri , d i es .

Jan. 1 2 J umada I I . 6, H . 1 1 74. The Marathas advance on

the Duran i camp and j o i n bat t l e, bu t su stai n a terr ib le defeat .Sadashiv Bhau

,V ishvasrav, th e Peshwa

’s e ldes t son,wi th many

other ch iefs are s lai n Holkarand Damaj i G aikwad escape . Fortythousand pri soners are said to have been slai n . The Peshwa, on

h i s way north , re tu rn s agai n to Poona—dies June 1 2 : (Z i—l qa‘daJan. Jaswantrav of Dharhavi ng fal len at Pan i pat , Khande

rav Puar succeed s at the age of two and a hal f. Dhar i s de

spo i led by Holkar and S india.

Claude Mart i n , to avo id Lal ly’s severi ty, deserts to the Br i t i sh

for whom he rai ses a company of French caval ry .

Jan. Maj or Carnac arr ives at Patna,i n success ion to C0 1.

Cal l iaud, engages the Emperor’s troop s , i n M i r Kasim

’

s i n teres t,

and defeats th e imper ial forces at Gaya Manpur, Jan. 1 5. M .

Law,who had taken servi ce w i th the Mughal s, i s taken pr i soner .

The Emperor gives h imsel f up to the Engl ish .

Jan. 2 1 : Cl ive, i n a d ispatch , i n t imates the d i sm issal by the

Court o f Di rectors from the Company’s serv ice of Messrs Holwel l,

Pleydel l , Sumner, and Magu i re .

The S ikhs as sume greater power,and elect a certai n Chintia as

the i r Emperor at Lahor ; they are defeated by a Duran i i nvas i on .

Feb . 3 : Fortres s of S t George, to the righ t of J i nj i , taken

by Capt . Stephen Sm i th . Feb . 4 : Tiyagar taken by Capt .Preston after a s ix ty-five days’ blockade . Feb . 8 : t roops from

England encamp at Mahé. M . Louet’

s al l i e s fai l i ng, he capitu

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2 1 8 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA.

t reat i es, and beg in s to organ i se troops under Mughal officers, andremoves to the fort of Mongi r.

The smal l s tate of Sam thar,separated from the D atiya

terr i tory,clai ms i ndependence o f the Mara tha suzerai n ty .

Jan. The Governor of Taungu rebels : h i s nephew,the

Burmese k i ng, b l ockades h i s c i ty, wh ich su rrenders .

Apri l : Great shocks of ear thquake i n Arakan .

Apri l-May : Messrs Vans i ttar t andHast i ngs, sen t t o the Nawabat Mongir, endeavour to mod i fy the former t reat i es u nder wh ichthe enorm i t i e s complai n ed of from the pri vate t rade of th e

Company’s servan ts were carr ied on . The Cal cu tta Counc i l

rej ected the proposed term s,to the Nawab ’

s great annoyance .

S idd i Yaqu t Khan succeeds to the regen tsh i p at Janj i ra, i n

prej ud ice o f S idd i ‘Abdu l Rah im,the real he i r

,who

,however, in

1 772 , rece ives Danda Rajpur, wi th the prospect of success ion

to Janj i ra on S idd i Yaqut’

s death : thereafter ‘A bdul R ahim’

s

second son i s to be S idd i .

Rana Gaj S ingh of Udaypu r d ies . Duri ng his re ign Maratha

oppress i on i ncreases . Rana Ars i,h i s uncle

,succeeds .

J ul y 1 0 : Z i -l hijja 1 4, H . 1 1 75. Nizam ‘A l i impr i son s SalabatJang at Bedar, and afterwards secures h i s assass i nat i on .

The ch ief of Man ipur appeal s to the Bengal Governmen t for

pro tect ion from the Burmese . Sept .,a t reaty of offens ive and

defen s ive al l iance i s negot iated—ratified 1 763—but meanwh i l e

Man ipu r is i nvaded .

Nov . M ir Kasim ‘A l i renews h i s remonstrances agai ns t thepri vate trade of the Company’s servants . A n agreemen t i s con

cluded,al low ing the benefi ts of th e Company’s pass to 20 7m fia

’

e

impor ts and export s, bu t proh ibi t i ng evas ions of duty by pr ivate

person s : the dut i es to be fixed at 9 per cen t .

Madhavrav l eads an i n su rrect i on agai n s t R aghunathrav,

who ret i res to Aurangabad,bu t retu rn s supported by Mughal s .

Madhavrav subm i ts , and a reconci liat i on i s e ffec ted .

Oct . 1 2 : The Nawab of the Karnatak , at tempt ing to exact

arrears of tr i bute from the Tanj or Raja, appeal s to the Madras

Government and obtai n s by i ts mediat ion twen ty- two lakhs as

arrears,and an annual tr ibute of four lakhs .

SHAH ‘ALAM 1 1 . 2 1 9

The Ph i l ipp i ne I slands taken by an exped i t i on fi tted ou t fromMadras .

J ijibai , widow of Sambhaji, Raja of Kolhapur, adop t s S i vaj iBhonsla as he i r

,and conducts th e affai rs of S tate i n h i s name .

Haidar‘A l i obtai n s the Nawabsh ip of S i ra for three lakhs ofrupees, and exacts t ribu te from the palegars of Chhota Balapur,R aidurg, Harpanhal l i, and Chittaldurg.

Jan. Hai dar‘A li conquers Bednt‘i r, which h e makes h i s cap i tal .The Ran i and her adopted son are taken pr i soners .

Jan. 2 8 : Mr Vans i t tar t retu rn s to Calcu t ta, where h i s negotia

t i on s w i th Kas im ‘A li produce d i ssat i sfacti on i n the Counci l . I t

i s determ i ned (Hast i ngs and Vans i t tar t d i ssen t ing) that th e imper ial farman gives a r igh t to i n ternal t radi ng duty free . March 7i t i s reso lved that Mess rs Amyatt and Hay be sen t on deputat i on

to the Nawab . Feb . 1 9 : the Nawab had se i zed some arms and

refused to del i ver them,and M r Ell i s i s au thori sed to use force .

The Nawab’s order to rem i t al l t rans i t dues—thu s pu tt i ng theB ri ti sh on an equal foot ing w i th the country merchan ts—i s treatedas a declarat i on o f war. J un e 2 4 : El l i s su rpri ses and takes the

Nawab’s for t at Patna,but i t was re taken nex t day, and all the

Engl i sh at Patna were sei zed as pr i soners .

Ju ly 7 The Cal cu t ta Counc i l agai n i n stal Mir Ja‘far as Nawab ,depos i ng MirKasim . Ju ly 1 0 Z i—l hijja 1 8, H . 1 1 76, Mr Amyatt

and several o thers mu rdered , by the Nawab’s orders, on the i r

way t o Cal cu t ta. J u ly 1 1 : by a t reaty w i th the new Nawab ,all ex i s t i ng treat i es w i th the Company are confi rmed and other

advantages granted . Maj or Adams proceeds agai n s t M ir Kasim ,

whom he defeats, Ju ly 1 9 , between Calcu tta and Mursh idabad .

J u ly 2 4 : Adams s torms and takes Mursh idabad . Aug. 2 : at

Gher ia near Gaur,MirKasim

’

s army i s agai n defeated . Sept . 5after another defeat at Udha-Nala

,MirKasim flees to Mongirand

thence to Patna, where, by means of Wal ter Re i nhard (Samru),he m urders Messrs E l l i s

, Hay, Lu shi ngton , and others , and 1 2 5

Engl i sh pr i soners . Nov . 6 Patna taken by s torm , and the Nawah

flee s i n to A udh .

Surajmal Jat of Bharatpur, now mas ter of Agra, makes an

at tempt to capture Dehl i : whi le hun t i ng he i s k i l led by a party

of Mughal s . His son,Jawah i r S i ngh , succeeds, and forms an

2 2 0 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA .

al l iance wi t h Holkar. Accord ing to the Sez'

rM utaé/zem'

n, S ti rajmal

was k i l led i n bat t le agai n s t the Roh i la Naj i b -ud-dau la i n December.

Peace between England and France concluded by the Treatyof Par i s, s igned Feb . 1 0 . Al l factor ies taken from France s i nce1 749 to be gi ven back . France to erec t no fort ificat i ons and

keep no t 1 0 0 ps i n Bengal, to renounce al l acqu i s i t i on s on the

coas t of Coromande l and O r i ssa, and to recogni se Muhammad‘A l i Khan,son of Anwar-ud-din Khan

,as Nawab of the Karnatak .

Muhammad Yt’

i suf, S ipah i commander i n Madura, i n conse

quence of hav i ng paid no tri bute, i s con fron ted wi th a force in

August ; he holds ou t agai n s t all th e i r efforts .

Oc t. 1 6 The Nawab of the Karnatak by sanaa’ con fers on the

Engl ish certai n d i s tr i c ts dependen t on the Subah of Arkat , i n cl ud

ing most of the Chingalpat di s tr i c t .

Oct . R aghunathrav i nfl i ct s a severe de feat on the Mughalarmy, under N izam

‘A l i and h i s d iwan , Raja Pratapwant, at Rak

shasbhuvan on the Godavari . Peace i s concl uded at A urangabad .

Nov . Naungdoagyi , King of B urma, dies . His next bro ther,known as H sengbyusheng, succeeds . He prepares to i nvade

S iam .

Nov . 1 4 : Robert Palk succeeds Mr George Pigott as Governorof Madras, t i l l Jan. 2 5, 1 767.

The Marathas capture a Portuguese ves sel , on wh ich war i s

declared by the Portuguese, toge ther wi th the K ing of Sunda and

the Raja of Kolhapu r, who, however, fai l to co-operate . Mandan

garh cap i t ulates to a Portuguese attack .

Muhammad Reza Khan , son of Chanda Sah ib, claim s and

obtai n s Haidar’

s protect ion .

Miyan A chan , Nawab of Surat , d ies . O f fou r compet i tors,th e

Br i t i sh support MirQutb-ud-din, who i s i n s tal l ed as Nawab .

Dec . The hi l l coun try of Sunda taken by Haidar‘A li . The

raja and h i s family take refuge at G oa.

Jan . 1 6 : Maj or Adams d ies when about to sai l for home .

Feb . 1 1 : The European bat tal io n o f the Engl i sh army

muti nous, al so the sepoys, t i l l Feb . 2 8

,when order i s restored .

Maj o r Carnac takes command . The con templated campaign i n to

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THE CHRONOLOGY OF I NDIA.

His son,M irPht

‘

i lwari,with the t i t l e o f Naj m-ud-daula appoi n ted

Nawab . Feb . 2 0 : a t reaty wi th the new Nawab comm i t s th e

en t i re m i l i tary defence of the prov i nce to the Company ; a

Naib Sabah,to be chosen by the Nawab and approved by the

Governor and Counc i l, to have ent i re con trol of the c iv i l govern

men t .

Feb . The Marathas ret i re from th e Mysore terr i tory on theres torat i on of all places taken from Morarirav of Guti and‘A bdul Hak im of Savani

‘

i r. S i ra i s left i n Haidar’

s hands .

Jawah i r S i ngh of D ig, the Jat leader, defeated by the Jaypu r

Raja, and murdered at Agra i n 1 768.

The Peshwa and the N izam , d i sgus ted at the treacherou s

vac i l lat i on of Janoji Bhonsla, un i te agai n st h im ,burn Nagpur and

force h im to g ive up the money h e had rece ived from each for h i s

ass i s tance .

March 1 2 By a reso lu t i on of the Cour t of D irectors C l ive i sreappoi n ted Pres iden t of B engal , wi th command of the Company

’s

forces i n the provi nce . He d i sm isse s Nand Kumar,Naj m-ud

daula’s pr ime m i n i s ter and forb id s h im to leave Calcu tta.

Muhammad Reza Khan s i nfluence now begi n s to be fel t .

March 2 3 : An agreemen t i s concluded between R avivarma,

regen t of the Chirakal , and the Tell icheri ch ie fs for the cess ion of

the provi nce of R andatarra (Malabar) to them .

May 3 : Cl ive arr ives at Cal cu t ta, and on the 7th declares the

Select Comm i t tee formed , wi th Messrs Sumner and Sykes as mem

bers . He en forces the Company’s covenant agai n st th e receipt of

presen ts .

May 3 : A sk i rm i sh w i th the Vazi r of Audh and wi th the

remnan t of the Mara tha force takes place near Kora . May 1 9

General Carnac rece ives a l e t ter from the Vazi r, who agrees tocome i n to the Bri t i sh camp

,and a con ference takes place, resu l t

ing i n the res to rat i on of the Vaz ir’

s dom in i on s . Private t rade or

fac tori es i n Audh not i n s i s ted on,bu t Allahabad and Kora were

retai ned for the Emperor .

June 2 5 Cl i ve proceeds up country to arrange w i th th e Nawab

for the governmen t o f the prov i nce,and to conc lude a t reaty w i th

the Vazi r Shuja‘-ud-daula.

Aug. 1 2 The farman of the dirt/rim“

of the prov i nces of Bengal ,

SHAH ‘ALAM 1 1 . 2 2 3

B ihar, and O r i ssa i s gran ted by Shah

‘Alam to the Company,and

al l terr i tory prev iou sly held by the Company i s confi rmed to them .

Raja A la S ingh of Pat iala d ies . Amar S ingh succeeds .

A Br it i sh exped i t i on d i spatched to Malwan to pu t down the

con t i nued plunder of the Kolhapuris. Thi s suppressed,the Ram

agreed to perm i t the es tabl i shmen t o f a factory,w ith the monopoly

of cloth s from Europe, and to pay se ven anda hal f lakh s of rupees .None of these prom i ses were fulfi l led .

An exped it ion from Bombay, under Maj o r Gordon and Capt .John Watson , captu res th e fort of Yeswantgarh. I t i s agreed to

restore i t on suppress i on of the p i rac i e s so long pract i sed on the

Br i t i sh .

René Médac, a Frenchman i n the servi ce of the Engl i sh at

Bombay,form s a company of French and S ipahis, and leads an

adven turou s career, t i l l 1 777.

A dak (pos tal serv ice) es tabl i shed between Cal cu t ta and Murshidabad.

Jan. 1 : The Selec t Comm i ttee i s sue an order that “ doublefu l l bat ta ” for the officers i n Bengal

,formerly pai d by the Nawab

,

i s to cease . Much i nd ignat ion fel t,and i n May a mut inou s ou t

break occurs . Almost every officer res igns . The S ipahis remai n

i n suffic i en t numbers to overawe th e European troops . By a

court-mart ial some officers are cash iered—among them,S i r R .

Fletcher was di sm issed for no t repress ing the combinat i on at fi rs t .

Jan. 2 0 The Burmese army encamps before Ayu th ia.

Feb . 4 : Negot iat i on s en trus ted by Madhavrav to h i s u ncleR aghunathrav, resu l t i n a t reaty at Bedni

‘

i r wi th Hai dar‘A l i,who

gives up al l claim s on Savani'

i r,and re t i res across the Kri shna .

Feb . Sha‘ban, H . 1 1 78 . The Nawab of Bengal and h i s

fam i ly ret i re from Lucknow to Bare i l ly . He fai l s to gai n over theRoh i la and Afghan ch iefs .

Feb . 1 4 : A treaty i s concluded between the King of Kandyand the Governmen t of Colombo

,defin ing th e posi t ion of the

Du tch au thori t ies i n Kandy .

Feb . 1 6 : By a secre t t reaty between Madhavrav and Haidar‘A l i

,the d i str i c ts ceded by the N izam on the 4th Feb . are part ial ly

res tored . Janoji Bhonsla i s compel led , on an i nvas ion of theu n i ted arm ies

,to sue for peace .

2 24 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

Apri l : A va reoccupied as cap i tal by H sengbyusheng.

May 5 Coun t Lal l y i s beheaded at Par i s .

May 8 : Z i -l qa‘da 2 4, H . 1 1 79 . Naj m -ud-daula, Nawab ofBengal

,d ies of fever. Hi s bro ther

,Sai f-ud-dau la

,succeeds to

the nom i nal office . May 1 9 : a t reaty of fr iendsh ip and support

between the new Nawab and th e Bengal Governmen t i s s igned .

Aug. 30 : Rabi‘I I . 1 3, H . 1 1 79 . Shuja‘-ud-dau la re ins tated by

the Bri t i sh Governmen t as Nawah of Audh .

Sep t . 8 A Trade Commi ttee was formed to put i n to execu t i on

the laws regard ing pr ivate t rade. Dec .

,l et ters from the Court of

D i rec tors ab solu tely forb id i n land trade by pr ivate i nd iv idual s to

be carri ed on .

Oct . 2 4 : The Eas t I nd ia Company conclude a t reaty w i thKhem Sawant of Sawantwadi . The fort of V ingorla i s ceded for

th i rteen years .

Nov . 1 2 Col . Cal liaud, on the par t of the Br i t i sh Government,nego t iates a t reaty w i th N i zam ‘A li , by wh ich , for the Sarkars ofE l lur, Chikakol , Rajamandri , Muzaffarnagar, and Gun tur, the

Bri t i sh Governmen t agree to furn i sh th e N izam w i th a subs id iaryforce when requ i red , and to pay n i ne lakh s a year when the ass i s t

ance of thei r troops i s n ot requ i red . Two bat tal i ons j o i n the

N izam for the reduct ion of the fort of Bangalor, now i n posses

s ion of Haidar‘A li .Chikka Kishn , t i tu lar Raja of Mai sur, d ies . Nanja Raj

Udayar i s p laced on the th rone by Haidar‘A l i

, but subsequen t ly

deposed .

Malharav’s son, Khanderav, d ies . Hi s w idow

,Ahilyabai ,

acts as regen t for her son, Mal irav,wi th Tukaji Holkar, a tr ibes

man of her husband , as commander of the army .

H . 1 1 79 . Raghoba besi eges Gohad and demands t r i bu te from

Jawah i r S ingh of Bharatpur, who send s two envoys to treat .

These are br ibed , and prom i se to betray Jawah i r, but thei r

t reachery i s d i scovered .

Hai dar‘A l i i nvaded Malabar and se i zed Cal icu t .

H . 1 1 80 . I s sue of the j am-i -f a/zdn-fl dma of Muzaffar Husai n ,physi c ian to Muhammad Shah—a m i scel laneou s col lec t ion of

h i s tor ical and other facts .

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2 26 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA.

loss on the enemy that th ey des i re to negot iate, but the i r termsbe ing i nadm iss ib le. Sm i th agai n defeats them ,

Nov. 8, near Ambur,after wh ich they ret i red above the Ghats .

Oc t . Jawah ir S i ngh,son of Surajmal Ja t, overruns the country

near Ajm ir, belong i ng to Madhav S ingh Kachhwaha who, decl i n

i ng to lead the Raj puts agai n s t h im , they are headed by Dal e l

S ing and total ly defeat Jawah i r S ingh .

Jan. I n consequence of N izam ‘Al i ’s b reach of the treaty of1 766, a force u nder Col . Peach had advanced from the Nor thern

Sarkars as far as Worangal , when , Feb . 2 6,the N i zam signed a

new treaty,revoki ng al l sanaa

’

s granted to Haidar ‘A li by theSubahdars o f the Dekhan ; agreei ng to hand over the admi n i stra

t i on of the Karnatak above the Ghats ; not to i n terfere w i th the

possess i on s of Muhammad ‘A li,the Nawab of th e Karnatak and

to accept a reduced paymen t for the Northern Sarkars.

The Madras Governmen t sen t ou t two bod ie s of t roops—oneunder Col . Wood to secu re the for t ified places i n the sou th , and

Shingarikota was taken Feb . 1 2, and Salem March 2 0 ; the other,

under Col . Sm i th , en tered Mysore proper, but los t much t ime i ntak ing Kri shnagi ri , May 2 then ascended the Ghats

,took Venka

tagir i,J une 1 0 ; Mulbagal, June 2 8 ; Kolar and Hosfir

,Ju ly 1 1 .

March 1 2 : Dom Joao José de Mel lo appoin ted Governor at

G oa. He effects several econom ies i n Governmen t,the gover

nor’s salary bei ng reduced to serafins per annum .

March 2 1 The King of Portugal i ssues an order for the expul

s ion of al l Jesu i ts from I ndia.

May Haidar marches on Mangalor, where an i n surrec t i on hadbroken ou t . A Bri t i sh officer from the Bombay garri son

,w i th

men,sen t to suppor t th e town agai n s t Haidar, departs by

sea, l eav ing 2 40 of the s ick and wounded .

R aghunathrav, d iscon ten ted wi th the power al lot ted h im bythe Peshwa

,creates i n ternal d i s sen s ions among the Marathas, and,

suppor ted by Holkar, Janoji Bhonsla, and Damaj i Gaikwad, rebel s

agai n s t h i s nephew, bu t i s su rpri sed at D hodap by Madhavrav,and impr i soned at Poona.

Damaj i Gaikwad d ies, leavi ng four son s . The eldest, Sayaji,bei ng an id i o t

,the second

, G ovindrav, secures recogn i t ion as

SHAH ‘A LAM 1 1 . 2 2 7

successor by a large nazar to the Peshwa, who, however, subsequent ly accedes to Fath S ingh’s represen tat ion s of Sayaji

’

s claim s .

June : Safar, H . 1 1 82 . Jawah i r S i ngh of Bharatpu r assassi

nated by a degraded sold i er . Ratan S ingh succeeds .

Aug . 4 Haidar arr ives back from Malabar. The two Madras

forces met at Hoskot, where a Maratha corps under Morarirav

j o i ned them . Haidar ‘A li made a desperate bu t un successfu l

attempt to surpr i se Morari’

s camp . He then wen t off,col lected

re in forcement s,re turned toward s Kolar, and proposed term s of

peace, wh ich were refused .

An act ion at Mulbagal cost s Col . Wood 8 officers and 2 2 9

men ki l led . Nov . 1 4 : C0 1. Sm i th i s recal l ed to Madras : Col .Wood

,h i s successor

,tw ice defeated

,i s depr i ved of the command .

The Ch inese wi th a powerfu l army i nvade Burma a fou rth

t ime .

Jan. Haidar ‘A l i , elud ing the mai n Br it i sh force, takes KarurandBrod , andmarches down the Kaveri . March : Haidar reaches

S t Thomas Mount, near Madras, wi th caval ry, and proposes

terms of peace, vi z . , mutual res torat i on of conques t s and pri soners

ass i s tance of each con trac t i ng par ty i n case of the other’s be i ng

attacked the terms to be made obl igatory on the Bombay pres i

dency. March 2 7 th i s t reaty concluded and rat ified on A pr i l 4.

Thi s ends the Fi rs t Mysore War.

A pri l : An Act passed , al low ing the terr i tor ial reven ues to be

held for five years by the Company, and to pay per

annum i n to the exchequer .

Apr i l 1 0 A Ju n ta of the exchequer of G oa i s c reated .

The exclu s ive pr i vi l eges of the French Eas t I nd ia Co . are

suspended by th e k i ng’s decree . The Company was afterwardsabol i shed by the Nat i onal A ssembly of 1 796 .

Sep t. A Comm issi on, con si s t i ng of Messrs Scrafton , Vans i t tar t,and Franci s, appoin ted to i nqu i re i n to Bengal affai rs ; these al l

per i sh i n the wreck of the “ Aurora.

”

Dec . 1 3 The Ch inese army i n Burma bei ng defeated,and the

remnan t surrounded , a conven tion for peace, fr i endsh ip, and

commerce i s agreed to, and s igned by a Comm i ss i on of four teenBurmese and th i rteen Ch inese .

2 2 8 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

I t was proposed to send ou t a naval commander-in-ch ie f,wi th

fu l l pol i t ical powers,on the par t of the k i ng. The measu re was

carr ied after much opposi t i on , but proved very i nconven ien t duri ng

the shor t peri od i t was t r i ed .

For revenue pu rposes Bengal i s d i v ided i n to s i x d iv i s i on sCal cu t ta

,Bardhwan, Raj shah i w i th Mursh idabad , Dhaka, Dinaj

pur, and Azimabad. Nat i ve officers are to be superi n tended byservan ts of the Company , cal l ed supervi sors, i n the col lec t i on o f

revenue and th e adm in i strat i on of justice.

Warren Has t i ngs,s t i l l i n England , appo in ted to th e second

seat o n the Madras Counc i l .

Dec . 2 4 : Mr Verelst res igned i n Bengal . Joh n Car t i er suc

ceeded as Governor of Bengal,Dec . 2 6

,t i l l Apr i l 1 3. 1 772 .

Jan. 3 1 : Jos ias Dupre succeeds Mr Charl es Bourchier as

Governor of Madras, t i l l Feb . 2 , 1 773.

Feb . : Shawwal , H . 1 1 83. Great hu rr icane at Cal cu t ta. Th i s

year Bengal i s v i si ted by severe plague and famine . A fi fth ofthe populat i on said to have per i shed : Mil l says more than a th i rd .

March 1 0 : Sai f-uddaula, Nawab of Bengal , d ies . His brother,Mubar ik-uddaula, aged twelve, succeeds, with a s t ipend reduced

from th i rty-one lakh s odd from the Company to s i xteen lakhs,

duri ng h i s m inor i ty .

Ju l y 2 6 : S i r John Li ndsay arr ives at Madras as King’s Com

m iss i oner Plen ipoten t iary,wi th powers to nego t iate and conclude

arrangements w i th I nd ian sovereign s i n general . Thi s appoin t

men t i s made wi thou t the Company’s assen t, and the lat ter, feel i ngsuperseded

,decl i ne to co-operate . He favours the preten s ion s of

the Nawab of A rkat agai n st the Company .

The Eas t I nd ia Directors send thei r fi rst exped i t i on underCapt . K inloch to es tab l ish t rade wi th Nepal . Owing to s ickness

and the d ifficu l t nature of the country the en terpri se i s abandoned

A ug. 8 : A t reaty of perpetual fr i endsh ip concl uded betweenthe Engl i sh Governmen t and Hai dar‘A l i .Sep t . A Revenue Counci l appoin ted at Mursh idabad .

Oct. Naj ib -uddaula,Nadi r Shah’s depu ty at Deh l i , d ies . His

son, Zabi ta Khan , s ucceeds to h i s I nd ian possess i on s and the

governmen t of Deh l i .

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230 THE CHRONOLOGY OF ' I ND IA .

to S i r J . L i ndsay, the King’s commander ; l ike h i s p redecessor,

he takes the s ide of the Nawab agai n st the pres idency .

Pri thi Narayan , ru ler of N ipal , dies . Hi s son, Pratap S i ngh ,succeeds .

Oct . 2 4 : The Marathas move on Bangalor, Haidar remai n ingat Seri ngapatam . He appl ies to the Madras pres idency for help,bu t on the advice of the Nawab i s refu sed

,i n sp i te of the treaty .

The Bri t i sh Government send s an exped i t i on to Bharoch to

enforce the paymen t of arrears due to the Surat A gency . Theexped i t i on fai l s , but before another i s sen t

,the Nawab makes

over tu res, anda commerc ial and i n ter-pol i t i cal treaty i s conc luded ,

Nov . 30 .

An order i ssued that the adm in i s trat i on of the Custom Houseat Goa shou ld be carr i ed on for and on account o f the S tate .

The Parl iamen tary res tr ic t i on on the d iv idends ceas i ng i n1 769 , the Cour t i n March and September agai n rai sed the

d ividend to 1 25 per cen t .

Jan. The Marathas hurry the Emperor i n to the fi eld to

plunder th e country of the R ohilas ; and they i nvaded the

Saharanpur j agi r of Z ab ita Khan , th e son of Naj ib-uddaula,

who was forced to escape to Shuj a‘-uddaula, Nawab of A udh .

The Marathas then whol ly se i zed the r i ch booty of the provi nce .

Jan. 2 0 : The Subahdar of Audh con fers w i th General S i r

Rober t Barker at Fai zabad regard i ng th e Roh i la persecu t ion by

the Marathas,and the danger to Audh , wi th a v iew to the

format i on of an Engl ish offens ive treaty . The R ohilas objec t to

a proposed d iv i s i on of the i r terr i tory : thei r lands con t i nue to be

plundered .

March : The Nawab of the Karnatak agai n appl ies for help

from Madras . A force of European s and S ipahis wi th theNawab’s caval ry, marches from Tr ich i n opol y, and by J une 1 5 al l

the ch ief forts i n Great Marawar are i n th ei r hands .

Apri l 1 3 : Warren Has t i ngs appoin ted Governor o f Bengal, i nsuccess ion to Mr Car t i e r, t i l l Feb . 1 , 1 785.

The Revenue bus i ness and Treasury removed from Mursh id

abad to Cal cu tta. The law courts are al so transferred , under

the name of Sadr D iwan i ‘Adalat, composed of governor and two

SHAH ‘ALAM I I . 2 3 1

counci l s for c i v i l cases ; and Sad r N izamat‘A dalat for cr im inal

proceed ings, composed of nat i ve law officers, excl us ively subj ec tto rev iew of the governor and cou nci l . Under these were

D i stri c t Cou rts, and the col lec tors have revenue and j ud icialauthor i ty . These were con ti nued t i l l 1 793.

Muhammad Raza Khan deposed from hi s office as NaibD iwan and Naib Subah at Murshi dabad

,and arres ted . Gu rudas ,

son o f Nand Kumar,succeeds as diwan. The former post i s

abol i shed . Raja Ch i tab Rai,who held the same pos t at Patna,

i s al so arrested—the lat ter i s h onourably acqu i t ted . Mani

Begam , or ig i nal ly a danc ing g i rl,takes charge of the young

Nawab and the con trol o f the Mursh idabad palace .

A pri l : The Bombay Counci l resolve to appo in t a res iden t

envoy to the cou r t of the Peshwa . Mr Thomas Mostyn arri vesat Poona i n th i s capac i ty , i n Nov .

—a few days before the death ofMadhavrav.

May : After a fut i l e at tempt at an al l iance wi th the Marathas,

the R ohilas come to terms wi th the Subahdar of Audh . J uly 1 1 ,

a treaty i s formal ly concluded i n wh ich the Marathas consen ted

to ret i re on a prom i sed paym ent of forty lakh s of rupees by theR ohilas, and Shuj a

‘-uddaula hav ing made h im se l f respon s ible to

the Marathas,they qu i tted Kuthar .

May 1 4 : The Eas t I ndia Company resolve to abol i sh the

system of dual governmen t, and“ to stand forth as diwan, and

to take upon themselves, by the agency of the i r own servan t s, th e

en t i re care and adm in i s trat ion of the revenues .

I n 1 769 c iv i l servan ts were appoin ted as superv i sors of the

nat ive revenue officers ; th ey were henceforth to be s tyled

col lectors .” The lands to be let for five years .

June : The Marathas, havi ng abandoned thei r designs on

Bedni‘

ir and Sunda,conclude a t reaty w i t h Hai dar ‘A l i , —they

to retai n Shivaji’s ancien t possess i on s

,wi th Mudgiri and Garam

konda,Haidar to pay th i rty-s i x lakh s of rupees, as arrears and

expenses , and fourteen as annual t r i bu te .

War breaks out between R aghunathrav and Nizam ‘Ali , whoi s compel led to g ive up terr i tory

,but who caj ol es R aghunathrav

i n to restor ing the whole.

Nov . 1 8 : H . 1 1 86 . Madhavrav, the Peshwa , dies at the age

2 32 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

A . D .

1 77 2 of twen ty-eigh t, havi ng commended h i s bro ther Narayanrav to

the care of his uncle R aghunathrav.

Nov . 1 8 : I n con sequence o f the Nawab’s i l l- treatmen t of theB ri t i sh fac tory agen t s , a Bri t i sh force takes Bharoch by s torm .

D arendra Narayan , Raja .

of Kuch B ihar, a m i nor and pr i soner

i n th e hands o f t h e Bhu t ias, offers to pay hal f h i s revenue to theE L Co . i n return for help agai n s t h i s oppre ssors .

Rana A rs i o f Udaypur i s mu rdered : Rana Ham i r succeeds .

S i x d i s tri c t s i n each reign are severed from the ki ngdom .

Fath S ingh Gaikwad, regen t of Baroda, seeks al l iance w i th theEngl i sh

,which i s decl i ned .

The Rani of Kolhapur d ies . P lunder and m ismanagemen tcon ti n ue i n her k i ngdom .

Joh n Morri son,formerly a servan t o f the E l . Co .

,takes serv ice

wi th Shah ‘A lam about 1 772 , and rece ives the t i tl es of“ General

and Commander-ih -Chief of th e Great Mughal’s forces,”

and“Ambassador and Plen ipoten t iary to George I I I . ; he wen t t o

England wi th a proposal to i nves t th e K ing w i th the absolu te

sovereign ty o f Bengal,Bihar

,and O r i s sa, i n exchange for a body

of t roops to defend the th rone of Deh l i . Ren é Madec, a Frenchadven turer, al so took serv ice and was made a Nawab .

The Du tch Eas t I nd ia Company purchase Nagar from theRaja of Tanj or . The town i s surrendered .

Fi rst publ i c court s of th e Por tuguese i n s t i tu ted i n I nd ia.

Dec . 2 2 : The Emperor,bes ieged by the Marathas i n Deh l i

,

unable to res i s t longer, opened the gates to them . He was now

en t i rely u nder thei r con trol,and they extorted from h im a gran t

of the prov i nces of Kora and A l lahabad .

1 773 Jan. 1 3 The Governmen ts o f B ri t i sh I ndia and Baroda en teri n to a short con t ract i n wh ich the Br i ti sh agree to pay the Gaikwadh is share of the revenues of Bharoch captured by the E ngl i sh .

Feb . 2 : A lexander Wynch succeeds Mr Josias D u s Pré as

Governor of Madras,t i l l Dec . 1 1

,1 775.

A pr i l 5 : A treaty i s s igned by the Bengal Counc i l andD arendra Narayan, Raja of Kuch B ihar

,by which protec t ion i s

accorded by the former i n retu rn for a mo iety of the Raja’srevenues .

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234 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

succeeds by tes tament, bu t i s compel l ed to pu t down thefact ion of hi s elder brother

,Sulaiman M i rza. The t i t le of cap i tal

i s removed to Kabu l .

June : The Madras Government anew Open war wi th theRaja of Tanj or, i n the i n teres ts o f Muhammad ‘A li , Nawab ofA rkat, who was d i s sat i sfied w i th the term s ob tai ned i n 1 77 1 .

Aug, th e army leaves Tr ich i nopoly,and Tanj or fal l s, Sept . 1 6,

when the Raja Tuljaji and h i s family are cap tured . A t reaty i s

concluded by wh ich the Raja b inds h imsel f to do noth i ng

con t rary to the Company’s i n terest s,to receive an Engl ish

garr i son,to con tr ibute four lakh s of pagodas

, and to gran t to theCompany 2 77 v i llages .

The Engl i sh take Nagar,purchased by the Dutch from the

Raja of Tanj or.

Aug . 30 : A tumul t of Maratha i n fantry ar i s i ng, Narayanrav

i s murdered in h i s palace, i n presence o f R aghunathrav, who

did not at tempt to preven t the deed . He i s proclaim ed s ix th

Peshwa .

Aug . Warren Hast i ngs convenes w i th the Nawab of A udh .

He prom ises aid, and makes over A l lahabad and Kora to the

Nawab for and wi thholds Shah ‘A lam’

s t r ibu te.

Sep t . 6 : Jumada I I . 1 8, H . 1 1 77. Nawab Shuja‘-uddaula,on compul s ion by the Br i t i sh Governmen t

,gran ts a sanaa

’ of

succes s ion to Chai t S ingh,Raja of Benares

,son of Balwan t S ingh ,

who d ied 1 770 .

Oct . 4 : The subj ect o f the acqu isi t i on of the Roh i la countryd i scu ssed i n the Counci l . Oct .

,the Nawab of A udh dr ives the

R ohilas across the Duab and over the Jamna.

Nov . 1 8 : The Nawab wr i tes demand ing the help prom ised

by treaty i n 1 769 , i n the subj ugat i on of the R ohilas. Th i s

demand i s late r acqu iesced i n .

Ram S i ngh of Jodhpur d ies i n ex i le . B ijay S i ngh succeeds

a t i tu lar sovereign—th e Marathas bei ng v i r tual ru lers .

Nawab S ingh of Bharatpur d ies i n D ig fortress . Hisbrother

,Naval S i ngh

,succeeds

,bu t Ranj i t S ingh , a younger

brother,wi th Mughal aid, Opposes the succes s ion and captures

Bharatpu r .

SHAH ‘A LAM 1 1 . 2 35

The office o f “ I n tendante da Mar i nha e dos A rmazen s

(Supervi sor of Mar i ne Dockyards ) es tabl i shed at Goa.

I n Bengal i n 1 773-

74 the revenues were and the

c ivi l and m i l i tary charges The army con s i stedof five compan ies of art i l l ery ; one t roop of caval ry ; th reeregimen ts of European i n fantry ; twen ty-th ree bat tal ion s o f

nat ive i n fantry ; and twen ty-eigh t compan ies of i nval i ds,—total ,men .

Madras (Fort S t George) had i n revenue and subsid i es,and charges The army ( 1 772 ) con

s i sted of European in fantry, European caval ry, 68 ;

ar t i l l ery, 58 1 ; S ipahis, 1 5,84o,—to tal,

Bombay ( 1 773-74) had revenues, and charges ,The army—art i l lery, 434 ; European in fan try,

S ipahis,—to tal

,men .

Jan. 1 0 : Dom Joao de Mel lo, Portuguese governor, d ies.

Ph i l ippe de Val ladares Sou to Mai o r succeeds by Paten t of

Success i on t i l l Sept . 2 4, when Dom José Pedro de Camara takes

office as“ Governor and Captai n -General ,

” the t i t le of Viceroybe i ng now d isused . The Court of J ud icatu re at G oa i s abol i shed .

R aghunathrav i n the Karnatak, i s obl iged, for fi nanc ial reason s,to come to term s w i th Haidar

,who thu s regai n s th ree of the Maratha

dist r i c ts . The m in i s ters conspi re agai n s t h im . March 4 : he gai n s

a complete v i c tory over Trimbakrav Mama at Kasigaon. He pro

ceeds to Burhanpur, gai n i ng men and l evy ing con tr ibut ion s, when

on Apri l 1 8, the b i r th of a posthumous son of Narayanrav makes

h i s recogn i t ion as Peshwa an imposs ib i l i ty .

Apr i l : The Engl i sh troops u nder General Champion en ter

Rohilkhand. Apr i l 2 3, th ey defeat the R ohilas at Miranpu r

Katra, near Bare i l l y . Hafiz Rahmat,the Protec tor of R ohi lkhand,

dies of h i s wounds . The Nawab Vazi r kept al oo f duri ng the

bat t le bu t after th i s v i ctory h e pl undered and despoi led the

whol e coun try .

A pr i l 2 5 : A treaty of peace w i th Bhutan i s s igned at Fort

Wi l l iam by Hast ings and h i s Counci l on the representat i on s of

the Teshu Lama of Tibe t . May 1 3 George Bogle i s appoi n tedby th e Governor-General t o lead an embassy to the Tesha Lama ofTibet. to open up trade and fr iend ly relat i on s wi th that coun try.

He v is i ts the Lama and re tu rns, 1 775.

2 36 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

Aug . The Nawab of A udh and Faizulla Khan , R oh i la Jagi rdar

of Rampur, conclude a t reaty known as that of Lal Dang. Thewar wi th the R ohilas now term i nates .

Sep t . 6 : The Bombay Counci l receive a proposal from

Raghunath for treaty and al l iance,to enable h im to resume

the governmen t at Poona, he prom i s i ng to make over Sal set teand Basse i n , bu t they refu se th i s cess ion . Oct . , the Portugueseat tempt to re take Sal se t te . Dec . 9 the Bombay Counc i l resolve

to an t i c ipate them by tak ing Thana, wh ich fal l s Dec . 2 8, Com

modore Joh n Watson be ing mortal ly wounded on the th i rd dayof the s i ege . The i s land of Karanj a and al l Sal set te reduced by

Dec . 3 1 .

Oc t . Collec tors’ cou rts are abol i shed and Prov i ncial Counci l s

es tab l i sh ed at Calcut ta, Bardhwan, Dhaka, Mursh idabad , Di naj pu r,and Patna, to super i ntend the j oi n t Departments o f Revenue,Trade, and Adm in i s t rat i on of J ust i ce,—as sanc t i oned i n 1 769 .

Oct . 1 9 : Ph i l i p Franci s, Clavering, and Monson arr i ve i nI nd ia.

WAR REN HASTINGS, FIRST GOVERNOR-GENERAL .

Oc t . 2 0 : The new regime for the Governmen t of I nd ia begin s .Warren Has t i ngs, now Governor-General, and Mr Barwel l areopposed by the other th ree Counci l lors

,Franci s

,Claver i ng, and

Mon son .

Nov . 2 2 . Cl ive,under the s trai n o f i l l -heal th and persecu tion

,

commi ts su ic ide, aged forty-n i ne .

Jan. 6 : The Ran i of Bardhwan lodges a complai n t agai n s t

the Engl i sh Res iden t, who, she sai d , had supported her a’z‘

wdn i nwi thdrawing her son from her guard iansh ip . A comprom ise i s

effected .

Jan. 2 8 : Z i -l qa‘da 2 6,H . 1 1 88. Shuj a‘-uddaula, the Nawab

Vazi r of A udh , d ies . His son,

‘Asaf-uddaula, succeeds : wi th hima treaty i s concluded May 2 1 , confi rm ing h im i n possess ion o f

Allahabad and Kora, and ceding to the B ri t i sh Governmen tBenares

,Jaunpu r

,Ghazipur, and the possess ions of Chai t S i ngh .

Fal l i ng i n to arrears w i th the B ri t i sh ,‘Asaf-uddaula endeavou rs

to depr i ve h i s mother,Buhu Begam , and the mother of Shuj a

‘

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2 38 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA.

part of the revenues of Bharoch had been ceded to the Company),and on the wi thdrawal o f al l the B ri t i sh troops furn i shed for h i s

assi s tance . The despatches o f the Court of D i rectors approveof the act s of the Bombay Governmen t, at th e very t ime they

were ordered to be annul led by the supreme author i ty at Calcu t ta.

Bettada Chama Raja, t i tu lar Raja of Mai su r, di es . Hai dar‘A li places a ch i ld o n th e throne wi th the t i t l e of Khasa ChamaRaja.

Murdoch B rown , a Scotchman , arr i ves at Cal i cu t as Con su l

for Mar ia Theresa of A us t ria, engages i n t rade, and i n 1 79 2 i s

spoken of as the most con s iderable of any Bri t i sh subj ect on that

s ide o f I nd ia. He lost eleven sh ips, each o f ton s or more,

i n th e war wi th France .

S i r Robert Fletcher (Commander-in-Chief 1 772 , bu t removed

for obs t ruct i on) ret urn s to Madras as Commander -in-Ch ief.

Dec . 1 1 : The Righ t Hon . Lord P igot,Governor of Madras

t i l l Aug . 2 4, 1 776, i s sen t w i th powers to re i ns tate th e Raja of

Tanj or .

Dec . 2 8 : L i eu t . - Col . John Upton sen t from Cal cu t ta as

Envoy P len ipoten t iary to arrange a treaty w i th the Marathas,

arr i ves at Purandhar .

Jan. 2 2 : Mr Franc i s en ters a Minu te d i sapproving of the

qu i nquenn ial l ease,and propos i ng the levy o f a fi xed land tax

on the Z am i ndars .

March 1 The Treaty of P urandhar concluded by C0 1. Upton ,supersedes the Treaty of Surat, s t i l l l eaving Sal set te to theCompany , bu t not so favourable as th e lat ter. Raghunath i s

requ i red to d i sband h i s army and re t i re on a pen si on . May 2 2

a supplementary agreemen t mod ifie s these terms, and a despatch

from the Court o f D irectors of Apr i l 5 confi rm s the Treaty ofSurat

,

“ u nder every c i rcumstance . Thi s bei ng tan tamoun t to

a renewal of the war, Raghuna th agai n takes the field,no longer

supported by the Bombay Governmen t .

March : Safar, H . 1 1 9 0 . Sayy id Murtaza Khan,p rime

m in i ster at Lucknow, k i l led by the eunuch Basant‘A li Khan

,

who was j eal ou s of his i nfluence w ith the Nawab ‘Asaf-uddaula.

Basan t‘A l i i s k i l led the same day by the Nawab, and I raj Khan

WARREN HASTI NGS . 2 39

appoi nted pr ime m ini s ter,d ies shortly after . Hasan Raza Khan

succeeds,w i th Haidar Beg Khan as ac t ive deputy .

March : The Tdrz'

k/z-l az'

aB ale/1 1 11 of Sheo Parshad fin i shed .

Compi led at th e des ire of General K i rkpatr ick,i t forms a h i story

of the A fghans of R ohi lkhand.

A pr i l 1 1 : Lord P igot re in s tates the Raja of Tanj or, thu s

offend i ng the Nawab of the Karnatak,at whose i n s tance the

Pres iden t’s act ions are h indered . May 2 9 : the Madras Counci l

rej ec t but afterward s suppor t th e claim s of Paul Benfield (whohad large money deal i ngs w i th the Nawab ) to an as signment on

the revenues of Tanj o r. Lord P igot suspends two members andorders the arrest o f the Commandan t, S i r Robert Fletcher.

June : Hsengbyusheng, King of Burma,dies. His son, Singgusa,

succeeds .

Haidar ‘A l i overrun s Coch i n and exacts tr i bute from the RajaVerulam Tamburan : Tipt

‘

i,Haidar

’s son, overrun s Anegundi and

d ispossesses the ch ief Timmappa.

Aug . 2 4 : Lord Pigot i s arrested and impri soned at St Thomas

Moun t,

_

where he dies May 1 1 , 1 777. Four members of the

Counc i l were afterwards t r ied i n England and fi ned each .

George Strat ton succeeds asGovernor of Madras, t i l l Aug. 3 1 , 1 777.

Oct . 1 0 : M r Macleane i n forms the Cour t of D irec tors thatWarren Has t i ngs author i sed h im to tender Hast i ngs’s res ignat i on

of office . Th i s was formal ly accepted by the Cour t,bu t repud iated

by Has t i ngs ; and Mr Edward Wheeler appoi nted a member of

Counc i l t o take the place of General Clavering,who

,as sen ior

member of Counc i l,was to be Governor—General ad interim .

Sept . 2 5 : By the death of Col . Monson , Has t i ngs, w i th the

aid of Barwel l and h i s own cas t i ng vote, reverses the measures

of the maj or i t y of the last two years .

A Roman Cathol i c b i shop was appointed to Pond icheri . “

March : L i eu t .-Col . Upton i s recal l ed from Poona,and Mr

Mostyn appoi nted as Res iden t Envoy . A French merchan t sh ip

arr i ves at Chau l w i th cargo, and M . St Lubi n w i th several otherFrenchmen proceed to Poona

,at wh ich the Engl ish are alarmed .

Apr i l : The qu inquenn ial leases i n Bengal exp i re . Nei ther

Hast i ngs’s nor Franc i s’s schemes be ing sanct ioned,the annual

l eases are agai n put i n force. and were con t i nued for fou r years .

240 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

June 1 0 : A Comm iss ion of the D irec tors res tores Lord Pigotto office ; he had d ied May 1 0 . They then nom inate S i r ThomasRumbold to succeed h im

,John Whi teh i l l t o be second i n Counci l

,

and Maj or-General Hec tor Munro,Commander of the Forces

,to

be th i rd .

J une 1 9 : I n tel l igence of the repor ted res ignat ion of Has t i ngsreaches Cal cut ta, where great con fus ion ar i se s from h i s d i savowal

of such res ignat ion . The Supreme Court suppor t Has t i ngs i n h i sresolu t i on to retai n the governmen t .

Aug . 30 General C laver ing d ies . Mr Wheler succeeds on

the Counc i l . Hast i ngs had den i ed h i s res ignat i on , and carr ied al l

d iv is i on s by h i s cas t i ng vote .

Aug. 3 1 : John Whi teh i l l arr ives at Madras, and acts as

Governor t i l l Feb . 8,1 778. George S trat ton

,ac t i ng Governor of

Madras s i nce Aug . 2 3, 1 776 , i s su spended from the Company’s

serv ice .

Oc t . Mr Hornby, Governor of Bombay, i n a Minute of Counc i l ,expresses the necess i ty for dec i s i ve act ion i n Maratha pol i cy

, and

complai n s of the fet tered con t rol of the Bombay Governmen t .

Nov. I n con sequence of complai n t s from Bengal of the

encroachmen t s of the Supreme Court, who sough t to extendthei r j ur i sd ict i on over al l classes of nat ives

,though legal l y

res tr i cted to the Company’s servan t s, th e D irec tors appeal to

the Min i s ters for rel i ef.

S t Lub i n,th e French adven turer, received at the Poona cour t

as on a mi ss i on from the K ing of France .

Dec . 1 2 : Ram Raja, the puppet pr i nce of Satara, d ies, and

Sabu, surnamed Abba Saheb, the adop ted son of Ram Raja,

succeeds .

Jan. 5 The Marathas under Haripant Phadk i and Parshuram

Bhao defeated i n the Adon i d i str i c t by Hai dar .

Feb . 8 S i r Thomas Rumbold takes up the Governorsh ip ofMadras, t i l l Apr i l 1 780 .

March 1 9 : The Bombay Counci l est imate the expen ses of the

exped i t i on on behal f o f R aghoba or R aghunathrav and of money

paid to h im or expended on his accoun t at rupees

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TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

Rao Sri Ghodaj i I I . of Kachh d ies . His son , Rao Sri

Rayadhan I I I . (born succeed s,t i l l 1 8 1 3.

Madhav S ingh ofJaypurd ies . P irthvi S ingh , am i nor, succeeds,bu t d ies wi th i n a year . Pratap S i ngh , a b ro ther, succeeds .

Coun t Benoi t de Boigne j o i n s the E L Co .

’s serv ice ; bu timagin i ng h imsel f n eglec ted by them , he j o i n s Madhavarav S india,who u t i l i ses h im to trai n h i s troops .

Wal ter Rei nhard Samru d ies, and i s bur i ed at Agra.

Jan. 4 : Capt . S tewar t, l eader of the advance of th e Br i t i sh

force,dies at Kar le ; the army creep i ng forward less than a mil e

dai l y, affords Nana Phadnavis and Mahadaji S ind ia t ime tocol lec t forces . Jan. 6 Col . Egerton res igns the command to CO1 .

Cockburn . Jan . 9 th e Marathas re t i red from Tal egaon Dabhade

when the Br i t i sh army arr ived . M r Carnac, wi th the Comm i t tee,agai n s t the opi n i on of the officers, now proposed to re treat, and,

Jan. 1 1,th rowing the heavy guns i n to a pond

, and burn i ng the

s tore s , Bri t i sh t roops re treated before th e Maratha forces

of at l eas t s i x teen t i mes the i r numbers . Next morn i ng they wereat tacked , bu t successful ly res i s ted , and reached Vadgaon,

where,

Jan. 1 3, Mr Carnac agreed that the Bri t i sh shou ld resign to the

Marathas every th ing acqu ired s i nce 1 772 wi th th e revenues of

Bharoch and Surat , s top the advance of the Bengal army and

pay rupees to S india’

s servan ts . The au thori ty to make

such a t reaty i s repud iated by the Bombay Counc i l,and the officers

re spon s ible are d i sm is sed the serv ice .

Jan. 2 7 A t reaty i s concluded wi th Basalat Jang confi rm i ngthe cess i on of G untt

'

i r ; a res iden t is appoin ted, and a force underGeneral Harpu r sen t to pro tec t h i s terr i tory .

Jan. 30 : The Bri t i sh force sen t from Bengal u nder General

Thomas Goddard to aid agai n st the Mara thas,arri ves at Burhan

pur after a march of near ly ten mon ths ; l eaves Burhanpur Feb .

6th,and arr ives at Surat 2 6th. He was now

,Feb . 2 6

,i nvested

by the supreme Governmen t w i th fu l l powers to treat wi th the

Poona m in i s t ry,bu t i n vai n endeavours to nego t iate w i th them .

March 1 9 : Mahe, the las t of th e French possess i ons , wi thi ts surround i ng terri tory

,surrenders

,and i s occupied by Col .

Brai thwai te and a Bri t i sh garr i son t i l l Nov . 2 9,~when

,on h i s

WARREN HASTI NGS . 243

detachmen t bei ng ordered to ass i s t General Goddard at Surat,th e for t i s blown up . Haidar‘A l i had protes ted agai n s t the at tackof a se tt lemen t i n h i s terr i tory : th rough i t he drew h i s suppl ie s .

March 2 5 : Si r Eyre Coote appo in ted Commander-in-Ch ief

of the Bengal army in success ion to General C laver ing, and

member of Counci l i n Apr i l,t i l l Apr i l 2 6 , 1 783.

Apri l 6 : M r Hol land arri ves as res iden t at Haidarabad fromth e Madras p res idency : N izam ‘A l i obj ects to the Engl i sh forcew i th Basalat Jang, bu t had h imself taken over the d i sm i ssedFrench force . The Bengal Counci l cen su re the acti on of theMadras pres iden cy in the mat ter of Gunti

‘

i r,from wh ich provi nce

the pas/Mas}; (qu i t-ren t) had been w i thheld .

An attack, i n st igated by S i nd ia, was made on Bankot, to exc i te

the Engl i sh to hosti l i t i es .

June 1 2 : Raghunath , wi th h i s son s, Amritrav and Bajirav,escapes from S ind ia and arr i ves i n General Goddard’s camp

,and

rece ives from h im a lav i sh al lowance . Negot iat i on s w i th Nana

Phadnavis con t i nue, bu t are s topped i n October, the surrender

of Sal se t te and the person of Raghunath be ing demanded as

prel im inar ies . Goddard open s negot iat i on s wi th th e Gaikwad,Fath S ingh of Baroda, and d i scovers a t reacherous correspondence

between Nana Phadnavis and the Du tch factors at Surat .

June 1 3 : The garr i son at Daman,being des t i tu te of money

and cloth ing, revol t . The governor,anx i ou s becau se of the

prox im i ty of R aghobaand the Engl i sh , procures suffic i en t to paythem up to May 1 3.

The supreme Governmen t d i sapp roved of S i r T. R umbold’s

acts at Fort S t George : he i nd ignan tly repel l ed the i n terference .

The m i ss ionary Schwarz i s depu ted by the Mad ras pres idencyto t reat w i th Hai dar. His m iss io n proves u n successfu l .

Haidar ‘A l i and N izam ‘A li un i te t o preven t Basalat Jangrece iv i ng B ri t i sh protect ion

, and i nvade Gun tur .

Dec . 1 7 : Peace concluded by Dom Frederi co Guilherm deSousa wi th the Peshwa . An offen si ve and defens i ve al l iance

sett led .

The supreme Governmen t not i fy to the Zam i ndars, &c .

, that

they are no t subj ect to the j u ri sd ict ion of the Supreme Cou r t, andforb id prov i nc ial ch iefs to aid them wi th m i l i tary force.

244 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I NDIA.

Jan. 1 : General Goddard resumes host i l i t i es agai n s t the

Marathas, march ing on Dabho i . M r Boddam occup ies the

Peshwa’s d i s tr icts near Surat : Mr Gambier w i th an i rregular

force, occupies A nklesar, Hansot, D esbora, and Amod . Jan. 2 0

Dabhoi i s evacuated , and Jan. 2 6, Fath S ingh conc ludes wi th

General Goddard an offen s i ve and defens i ve al l iance : he wasto recei ve the Peshwa’s share of the terr i tory nor th of the Mah ii n l ieu of h i s sou th of the Tapti , and supply a force of

horse . Goddard marched on Ahmadabad and cap tured i t ,Feb . 1 5. Feb . 2 9 : Si ndia and Holkar crossed the Narbada

,bu t

on Goddard’s advance to Baroda they re t i red to Pawangarh and

at tempted negot iat ion . Th i s prov ing fu ti le,Goddard surpr i ses

S india’

s camp, A pr i l 3. The Marathas agai n at tacked,A pr i l 1 9 ,

ret reat and sk i l fu l ly evade a second act ion .

Khandirav Puar of Dhar d ies . Anandrav , a son born posthum

ously, succeeds nom i nal ly, R angarav Urekur, min i ster, act ing as

ruler.

Feb . M r Gray , sen t from the Madras pres idency, offers

renewed al l iance w i th Haidar‘A li , —an offer wh ich i s rej ected .

Feb . Capt . Popham , sen t to the ass i s tance of the Rana of

Gohad, successfu l ly c lears the d i st r i c t of the Marathas . A pr i l 2 1

Capt . Popham takes Lahar fort by assau l t .

A pri l 1 1 : The busi nes s of the court s at Calcutta i s now

div ided i n to two parts, one relat i ng to revenue, the o ther toi nd iv idual s . A separate court, cal l ed the Sadr a

’

z‘

wdnz’ ‘Addlaf,

i s establ i shed for the cogn i sance of d i sputes ari s i ng between

i nd iv i dual s .

May 8 : Col . Hart ley i s sen t from Goddard ’s camp to the

Konkan to preven t the Mara thas from cut t i ng off suppl ies from

Bombay .

June 1 2 : The Supreme Court command the Guntur Sarkar

to be restored to Basalat Jang .

June 1 9 : The Madras Counc i l lear n that Haidar ‘A l i i s onthe march agai n s t Madras . A Minute presen ted to the Counci l

advi s i ng act ive preparat i on i s rej ected by vote . J une 2 3 Haidar

enters t he Karnatak .

Aug. 3 : Gwal iar fort surpr i sed and captured from S india’

s

officers by Cap t. Popham i n a n igh t at tack, w i thou t the loss of

a s i ngle l i fe .

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246 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

D hujindar Narayan , who had been carr i ed off by Bhut ias, succeedst i l l 1 783.

P ierre Cui llier, afterwards k nown as General Perron , arr ives i nI nd ia as a petty officer. He desert s h i s sh i p to take m i l i tary

serv i ce u nder the Rana of Gohad .

Jan. General Goddard besi eges Arnala, a fort on a smal l i s landten m i les north of Basse i n

,wh ich cap i tu lates Jan. 1 8.

Jan. 1 7 S i r Eyre Coote marched from Madras and p roceeded

to Pond icher i , reoccup ied by the French , where he d i sarmed the

i nhab i tan t s . The French fleet feari ng the expected Engl i sh

squadron,sai led, Feb . 1 5, to Maur i t iu s .

Feb . 8 : General Goddard ’s advance force penetrates the Bor

Ghat, and encamps at Khandala . Nana Phadnavis bri ngs up

h i s forces,at tacks u nder Haripant Phadki , and send s sk i rm i sh i ng

part i es to the plai n s , bu t pre tends to t reat, March 1 5. Two

corps at tacked by Parsh uram Bhau Patwardhan , who sustai n s a

reverse,bu t who at tack the mai n body and dr ive them back

wi th heavy loss . Goddard i s ob l iged fi nal ly to ret reat, and

arr i ves at Panwel w i th heavy loss,Apri l 2 2 .

Feb . 1 6 : CO1. Camac and Capt . Bruce i nvade Malwa i n

defence of the Rana of Gohad,take S ipr i and advance on S i ronj ,

where Mahadaji S india’

s army surround s them . March 7 : they

commence a sk i l fu l ret reat , fol lowed by S i nd ia, whose camp theycompletely surp r i se

,March 24. S i nd ia at fi rs t takes fl igh t, bu t

en ters on negot iat i on s for peace wi th C0 1. Mui r, Aug . 1 6 .

Oct . 1 3 : these cu lm inat e i n a treaty by wh ich the terr i tory

conquered on the far th er s ide of the Jamna i s to be res tored

to S i nd ia ; he i s no t to claim any part o f the terri tory the Engl i sh

had added to Gohad , and to endeavour to effec t a peace between

the Engl i sh and Haidar‘A li and the Peshwa .

The Engl ish fleet at tacked Haidar’s new sh ippi ng, des troy i ng

i t at Cal ic u t and Mangalur . J une : S i r Eyre Coote suffered a

part ial repul se i n at tack ing Ch idambaram ; and, J u ly I Haidarr i sked a general engagement near Porto N ovo andwas complete ly

rou ted . Haidar now abandoned h i s des ign s on the sou thern

provi n ces ; h i s son , Tip i‘

t,rai sed the s iege o f Wandawash

,and

both re t i red to Arkat .

Mudaji Bhonsla of Nagpu r sends an army in to Katak . The

WA RREN HA STI NGS . 247

Governor General pu rchase s i t s retreat, detaches Mudaj i fromthe Maratha confederacy

,and turn s h im agai n s t both Haidar‘A li

and the Peshwa . A pri l 6 th e t reaty formal ly conc luded .

Feb . 2 0 : Estab l i shment of the Board of Reven ue . Apri l

Diwan i court s i ncreased from s i x teen to e igh teen . Faujdars

abol i shed .

Apri l 9 : Lord Nor th brough t before Parl iamen t proposal sres t r ic t i ng th e Company, and br i ngi ng the i r affai rs u nder the

con tro l o f the Secretary of S tate . These were afterward s madethe bas i s of th ree pri nci pal p rov isi on s of Mr P i t t’s Eas t I nd ia B i ll .

Lord North ’s suggest i ons were modified i n to th e Act 2 1 Geo . I I I .

,

e . 65 ; and all former pr iv i leges were granted to the Companyt i l l March 1 , 1 79 1 . Bu t al l despatches on Revenue or Ci v i l and

Mil i tary mat ters were,by th i s B i l l

,to be subm i tted to the

M in ister . The Company pay down and are al lowed

a d ividend of 8 per cen t . three- four ths of any su rplu s to be pai d

to the Governmen t .

June 1 9 : B i l l passed by Par l iamen t restri c t i ng the j uri sd ict ion

of the Supreme Cour t i n I nd ia. The Governor-General and

Counc i l,wi th al l mat ters of Revenue, al l Zam i ndars , Nat i ve

Farmers,and Collectors of Revenue, were exempted from i t s

j u r i sd i ct i on .

June 2 2 : Lord Macar tney arr i ves at Madras as Governor

General . A t the head of the m i l i t a he immed iately, on the

breaking ou t of war wi th the Dutch , at tacks the i r se t t l emen t s at

Pul ikat and Sadras, wh i ch surrender .

June 2 6 : A peti t i on for the renewal o f the E ast I nd ia Com

pany’

s charter i s presen ted from the Directors .

Ju ly 7 Warren Has t i ngs leaves Cal cu t ta for Benares and puts

under arre s t th e Raja Chai t S i ngh for evas i on of an i n creasedt r ibute

,refu sal t o supply t h ree bod ies of Sepoys, and al leged

d i srespec t on the par t of his peopl e to Bri t i sh officers . Aug 2 0 :

Chai t S in gh is rescued i n a revol t of the R aja’s people, i n

wh ich mos t of two compan ies of S ipahis and the i r officers weredes t royed . An officer i s k i l led i n an at tack on the palace at

Ramnagar . The Governor-General assumes command of the

pro v i nce, and the Zam i ndar i i s bes tow ed on Mahip Narayan

Bahadu r , a nephew of Chai t S ingh , a minor, i n Sep tember.

248 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA.

Aug . 2 5 The Portuguese Cap tai n-General captures B ichol im

for t from Mudaji Bhonsla i n l i eu o f arrears of t r ibu te and i n

con s iderat ion of ac t s of p i racy .

Aug . 2 7 Bat tl e be tween S i r Eyre Coote and Haidar‘A li , atthe place where Bai l l ie was defeated ; th e resu l t was i ndec i si ve,bu t S i r Eyre Coote occupied the posts that had been taken up byHai dar . Sep t. 2 7 : Hai dar su ffered severe loss at the Pass of

Sholangarh. Oct . 2 6 : Haidar’s for t re ss of Ch i ttor cap i tulated to

S i r Eyre Coote . Nov . 2 1 the Madras army retu rned to canton

men t s,hav ing los t one-th ird o f thei r force i n the campaign .

Sept . 1 9 : The Nawab Vazi r o f Audh , Asaf-uddaula, by th e treaty

of Chunar,i s rel i eved of h i s debts to the Company, bei ng al lowed

to recover the weal th i l legal ly retai ned by th e Begams—h i smother and grandmo ther—who by thei r resources, armed fol

lowers,i n trigues, pre ten s ion s, and temper were i nj u r iou s t o the

Vaz ir’

s governmen t . The Begams, agai n s t Has t i ngs’s advice, had

been assigned the weal th of Shuja‘-uddaula amoun t i ng to abou ttwen ty m i l l i on rupees ; th i s was now pai d to the Company i n

d i scharge of th e debt, and the Begams rece ived handsome

pens ions .

Sept . The Raja of B enares was defeated at Lati fpu r i nBundelkhand : Maj or Popham captured Sipri

, and Pati ta near

Chunar. Nov . 9 : h i s stronghold of B ijaigarh capi tulated and h i s

fami ly are plundered . The Rani and her at tendan t s left t reasure

amoun t i ng to rupees . The Raja found an asylum at

Gwal iar for twen ty-n i ne years and died there, March 2 9 , 1 8 1 0 .

I n B ihar a concen trat i on of t roops i s made to harass theEngl i sh . Oc t . , Akbar

‘A li Khan of Narhat and Samoy, impri soned at Patna for arrears , escapes and j oi n s Chai t S ingh’s

revol t,—he is d riven from h i s posi t i on wi th loss .

Nov . 1 2 : Negapatam cap i tulated to S i r Hec tor Munro,who

now commanded a force under the orders of the Governor, and

wi th i t fel l al l the Dutch set t l ements on the coas t ; shortly after

ward s those in Ceyl on Shared the same fate .

Hast i ngs found s the Muhammadan Madrasa at Calcu t ta : th e

fi rs t Governmen t—ai ded educat i onal i n st i tu t ion i n I nd ia.

The adventurer,George Thomas

,lands i n I nd ia as a quarter

master . He serves as a sold ier among the Madras pal igars.

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2 50 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

been cap tured on the coas t, and a large t ranspor t . Late on 1 7than i ndec i s ive act i on took place . Suffrein con tr i ved to land

men at Porto Nuovo on 1 9th, who were j o ined by par t ofHaidar

’

s army .

March Badun Meng,fi fth son of A launghpra, by a con sp i racy

agai n s t S ingussa, succeeds to the throne of Burma. He i s knownby the t i t l e of Bodoahpra. S ingussa and h is fami ly are sen t t o

the capi tal and burn t to death . P lo t s agai n st th e k ing give r i se toi nd i scr im i nate s laugh ter .

Apri l 3 : Kadal ti r y i e lds to the combined forces of Lal ly andTipi

‘I Sul tan .

Apr i l 8 : S i r Edward Hughes, proceed ing w i th rei n forcemen ts

and stores for Trinkomali , comes i n s igh t of Suffrein’

s fleet, wh ich

fol lows h i s on 1 2 th,Suffrein at tacks

,and after a desperate action

bo th fleets were so d i sab l ed that they lay seven days w i th i n s ight

of each o ther, p repar i ng themselves to sai l .

Haidar loses French aid, and i s beaten at al l poi n ts by S i rEyre Coote . Malabar, K i ng, and Balam revol t .

Apr i l 2 2 : H . 1 1 69 . M i rza Najaf Khan (Z ulfiqar Khan )Am ir-u] ‘Umara at Dehl i d ies w i th ou t i s sue. Dispu tes ari s i ng asto success ion be tween h i s nephew, Muhammad Beg Hamadan i ,and a publ i c servan t, Afrasyab Khan .

All the Jat terr i tor ies, i ncl ud i ng Bharatpu r, fal l i n to S india’s

hands . Eleven di st r ic t s are res tored to Ranj i t S ingh .

May 1 7 : A treaty i s concluded at Salbai be tween the Eas t

I ndia Company and the Poona branch of the Mara thas . Eachs ide agrees to wi thhold al l help from the enem ies o f the o ther .The Bombay Governmen t re tai n s Sal set te

,the Marathas recei v i ng

back A hmadabad and Gujarat fo r Fath S ingh G aikwad, and

Bharoch for S i nd ia.

May : Maj or Ab i ngdon rel i eves Tel l icheri , besi eged by

Haidar’

s t roops, hold s the place and mas ters the su rround ing

d i s t r ic t s .

May 1 7 : Treaty between th e Governmen t of I nd ia and th e

Mara thas, by wh ich Ahmadabad, Basse in , and other acqu i s i t i on s

were ceded to the Marathas, they agreei ng to al low no nat i on but

the Engl i sh to have i n te rcourse w i th th em.

WARREN HASTI NGS . 2 51

May 30 : A resolut ion i s passed i n Par l iamen t by LordR ockingham

’

s Min is try agai n st Warren Has t i ngs .

May : Haidar’

s force carr ies Permakoi l before S i r Eyre Cootecould rel i eve i t .

June 2 : Si r Eyre Coote marches on A rn i,but i s attacked i n

rear by Haidar’

s force a d iv i s i on under Tip i’

t dexterou sl y carr iedoff h i s t reasu re. and re i n forced the garri son . A fter an i ndec i s i ve

sk i rm i sh,the Engl i sh army ret i res to Madras .

June 2 9 : Lord Macartney i s i n formed by the GovernorGeneral of the treaty of May 1 7. A negot iat i on was Opened by

Si r Eyre Coote i ndependen tly w i th Haidar,who agai n ou t

manoeuvred the general, and was on ly preven ted from reduc ingNegapatam , i n combi ned operat i on w i th M . Suffrein, who was

at tacked by the Engl i sh adm i ral , J u ly 4, and i n a severe bat t l eboth fleets su ffered ser iously . The French proceeded to Kudalur

to refi t .

Aug . 30 : Adm iral Suffrein takes Trinkomal i from the

Engl i sh . Sep t . 1 A dm i ral H ughes arrives, and, Sep t . 3, a great

and wel l -fough t act i on fol lows between the fleets,i n wh ich the

French,on darkness fal l i ng, had the advan tage ; th e prox im i ty

of Trinkomali preven t ing a complete vi ctory ; and Suffrein broke

s i x of h i s captai n s for no t suppor t i ng h im .

Oct . 1 5 : The Bombay fleet,under Adm iral Hughes, sai l s

from the Coromandel coas t, i n sp i te of p rotest s from Madras ;next day a s torm su nk or s tranded th e craft con tai ningbags of grai n

,and Madras su ffers severely from famine . Twelve

hundred person s said to d i e week ly for some weeks .

Oct . 2 8 : The Tanj or Res iden t concludes a t reaty w i th Tiru

malrav, Rana of Mai su r,for the paymen t of the tr ibu te to the

Mughal emperor th rough the Br i t i sh Governmen t, and for th e

restorat i on of the anc ien t H indu fam i ly to Mai su r.

Nov . 2 2 : I n con sequence of the represen tat i on s of the I nd iaCounci l

,the D i rec tors order the Gove rnor-General and Counc i l

to resume the j u r i sd ict ion of the Saa’r diwan?‘A a’alal .Nov. Tipt

‘

i , as si sted by Lal ly’s corps

,cros ses from Karti r to

the Malabar coas t , but i s defeated i n an assaul t on Ponnan i

(Paniani ) by Col . MacLeod. Nov . 2 9 : Admi ral Hughes, pass i ng

next day, left . 450 men to strengthen the garr i son .

THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA.

Dec . 7 : Haidar‘A l i d ies i n camp near Ch i t tur. Hi s death

conceal ed by th e m in i ster, Purnaiya, un t i l the arr ival of Tipt

‘

t

from Malabar . Tipu,i n a few days

,j oi ned the mai n army

,and

was es tabl i shed on the throne of Mai su r (Mysore).

Dec . 7 Madhavji Bhonsla forced by the Portuguese to ret i refrom Sanquel im .

Basalat Jang, son of N izam -ul Mulk, d ies .

H . 1 1 96 . The Tarialz—l amalz'

k - z'

[f ind comp i led by Ghulam

Bas i t, a former landowner, later i n the serv ice of the Engl i sh .

I n Par l iamen t,Mr Dundas moved th e recal l o f Mr Hast i ngs

i t came to n o resu l t ; but, May 3 : an address to the Ki ng was

carri ed that H i s Maj es ty wou ld be pleased to recal l S i r E . I mpey,

to an swer for h i s conduct i n accept ing a s i tuat i on under t heBengal Local Governmen t .

Jan. 4 : General S tuart,after undignified wrangl ing wi th the

Pres iden t, took the field agai n s t Tipr‘

i,who had been j oi ned by

a s t rong French force from Kudal t'

ir. Stuar t marched Feb . 5, and

offered bat t le Feb . 1 3, wh ic h was decl i ned . Feb . 1 8 : Tipii

evacuated A rkat , and wi thdrew h i s army from the Karnatak todefend Bednar

,now i nvested by General Mathews from Bombay .

Jan. 1 3 The Governmen t of I nd ia,who had approved of the

assignmen t o f Karnatak revenues made by the Nawab to th e

Madras Governmen t i n December 1 78 1 , now order the as signmen t

to be returned ; th e Court of D i rec tors had al ready approved of

the ass ignment,and ordered th e Supreme Governmen t to aid

that of Madras .

Feb . 1 6 : Bednt'

i rcapi tu lates to General Mathew s ; Anan tapurwas carr ied . Feb . 1 4 : Honawar and Mangal t

'

ir had al so fal len .

General Math ews was superseded i n command by CO1. Mac leod .

Apri l 7 Macleod,wi th two o ther officers. cap tured off Vijayadurg

by the Mara tha flee t,i n defiance of the treaty o f Salbai, and

almos t every man on board pu t to death .

March : Suffrein lands B ussy w i th a re i n forcemen t of French

t roops at Kudalt‘

ir,and General S tuar t

,advi sed to recover posses

s ion,delay s to march t i l l Apri l 2 1 , and then proceeds ex t remely

s lowly .

Apri l 9 : Tip] retu rns before Bednar ; takes Kavaledurg and

Haidargarh, al so, wi th another d iv i s i on , Anan tapur.

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2 54 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA .

t ion s were imposed on the free act ion of the Governor-General .

The fi rs t B i l l passes the Commons,but on Dec . 1 7 i s th rown

ou t of the Hou se o f Lords .

S i r El ijah I mpey recal led , at the i n s t igat i on of Franc i s, th roughBurke, to answer s i x charges of i l legal i ty .

Samuel Turner sen t to Tashi lhunpo i n T ibet by WarrenHas t i ngs on an embassy to congratu late the young Teshu Lama

on h i s i ncarnat i on . He re turns by Bhutan,March 1 784.

Raja D hujendar Narayan of Kuch B i har d ies ; h i s i n fan t

son, Harindar Narayan , succeeds, t i l l 1 839 .

Mir Fath Khan,fi rs t of the Talpu r l in e

,es tabl i shes h im sel f

as Rai s of S i ndh , and obtai n s a farman from Shah Zaman of

Qandahar for the governmen t o f S i ndh by the Talpurs. Thenew dynas ty spl i t s i n to several b ranches, each throwing off

al leg iance to the head of thei r house at Hai darabad .

S i r Thomas Rumbold , late Governor of Madras,was arraigned

before Par l iamen t , bu t the charges agai n s t h im ,i nclud ing those

of corrup t i on and oppres s i on , were defeated and he was acqu i tted .

Dec . 3 1 : A fter complai n t s from th e Vazi r of Audh , and

explanat i on s from Mr Bri s tow , i t i s de term ined to wi thdraw the

res iden t from Audh on rece iv ing secu ri ty for the Nawab’s debtto the Company .

Jan. 1 : The Hon . Rawson Har t Boddam ,Governor o f Bombay

,

i n success i on to Hon . W . Hornby,t i l l Jan. 9 , 1 788.

Jan. 8 : The Queen of Kananor becomes tr ibu tary to theEngl i sh .

Jan. 2 3 L i eu t .-Col . Campbel l,bes ieged i n Mangal t

'

tr s i nce

May 2 3, 1 783, cap i tu lates to Tipu, and i s al lowed to march wi tharm s and the honou rs o f war to Tell icheri he d ies Feb . 2 3.

Feb . 1 7 : Warren Has t i ngs sets ou t for Benares,where he

impr i son s the nat i ve depu ty appoi n ted on the depos i t i on ofChai t S i ngh , fo r maladm in i st rat i on . The Begam

’s jagh i rs are

par t ial ly res tored , and the Engl i sh detachmen t on the Audhfront ier w i thd rawn .

March 1 1 Peace concluded w i th Ti pr‘

i on the bas i s o f mu tual

re lease of pri soners and rest i tu t i on of conquests . No men ti on

WA RREN HA STI N GS . 2 55

being made of the treaty of Salbai, the Marathas take offence .

Tipa con t i nues to make ho s t i l e demon s trat i ons .

Apri l : Chimnaj i Appa, pos thumous son of R aghoba, born .

A fact ion supports h i s claim s agai n s t those of Baj1rav, th e Peshwa .

June The “ Commutat i on Ac t passed, by which the du t ies

on teas were reduced from 50 to 1 23 per cen t.

Aug. 1 3 : P i t t’s second I nd ia B i l l passed . I t e stabl i shes the

Board of Con trol whereby the Home Governmen t of I nd ia

nom inal l y passes from the Company to the C rown, large powers

s t i l l remai n ing to the Cour t of D i rectors . Vi scou n t S idney i sappoi n ted Pres iden t of the Board t i l l 1 79 0 .

Oct . A frasyab Khan , adopted son of M i rza Najaf Khan ,Ami r-ul ‘Umara, assass i nated i n camp near Agra. Mahadavji

S ind ia rece ives prom i ses o f suppor t from th e ch iefs, and obtai n s

from the Emperor two paten ts, one nom inat i ng th e young Peshwavice- regen t of the emp i re, and one h imsel f as supreme deputy,w i th a gran t of the managemen t of Deh l i and Agra prov i nces .

Dec . The Burmese army i n three column s and flot i l la occupy

Sandoway and the i s land of Ramri . A t Laungkrek the fleet i s

defeated,and Maha Thannada subm i t s .

‘Abdur Rah im S idd i of Janj i ra d ies,hav ing bequeath ed

Janj i ra and Danda Raj pur i to h i s son , Babu M iya . Bu t S idd iYaqut

’

s wi l l had bequeathed the estate to ‘Abdur R ahim ’

s second

son,under the guard iansh ip of h i s fr iend S idd i J ohar . Babu

M i ya and h i s bro ther flee to Poona.

Jan. Z ab ita Khan,Amir—ul-‘Umara

,d ies . His son , Ghulam

Qad i r Khan , succeeds to th e es tates and pos i t i on .

Jan. 6 : Safar 2 4, H . 1 1 99 . Mir Dard,

Khwaja,

Muhammad M ir of Deh l i , the greates t poet of his t ime, diesau thor of‘A

'

a N aZa-ma-D ara’

, A'

zz 5 .n D ara’

p a,J im-u! [real]

,

a D iwan i n Per s ian,and a D iwan i n Urdu .

Jan. M . Bussy (Charles Joseph Pat i ss i er, Marqu i s de Bussy

Castel nau ) d ies at Pond icheri . Miche l Raymond , h i s ai de-decamp , takes servi ce w i t h N i zam

‘A l i , Subahdar of th e Dekhan .

Feb . 8 : Warren Has t i ngs re signed the government, and

embarked for England .

I n 1 772 the revenues u nder Bengal were th e

2 56 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA.

c i vi l and m il i tary charges,

the debt i n I nd ia was

and i n England,i nc lud ing capi tal s tock , 81 0 ,

I n 1 785, the receip ts under Bengal had i ncreasedto the expen ses were Bu t the debt i n1 786 was and i n I nd ia and Ch ina

Duri ng h i s adm in i strat ion he had al so to prov ide for th e charge of

the other two pres idenc ies duri ng ru i nous wars .

S I R JOHN MACPHERSON .

Si r John Ma herson,sen ior member of Counc i l

,becomes

act ing Governor-General Lord Macar tney was nomi nated by the

D i rec tors,bu t decl i ned the appoi n tmen t i n J une . Macpherson

held office t i l l Sept . 1 786 .

Mahadaji S india gai n s over Muhammad Beg Khan Humadam s

army wi th i ts leader,whom he despatches to take Raghugarh .

March 2 7 Agra surrenders to Rayaji Patel , and i s p laced under

the n om inal charge of P ri nce Akbar . The Governor-Generalrefuses a demand for mm i n Bengal

,and encourages the

Bombay Governmen t to prosecu te the al l iance w i th Madhavji

Bhonsla.

March : Tipi’

I bes ieges Nargund,th ough h i s vaki l : had been

sen t to Poona. A prematu re sk i rm i sh rai ses host i l i t ies ; Nargund

subm i ts and Tipt‘

i break s the terms o f cap i tu lat ion . J ul y : Nana

Phadnavis fai l s to ob tai n coo perat i on from the Supreme Govern

men t agai n s t Tipt‘

l , and bel iev i ng a new al l iance had beenconcluded between the French and Tipu, appl ies to the

Portuguese . Aug, he rej ect s a proffered force of three

battal i ons for the defence of the boundary, and on Dec . 1 , h is

army of conquest leaves Poona.

June 8 : Lord Macartney, Governor of Madras, res ign s the

governorsh ip and l eaves from Calcu t ta for England ; 1 8th ,Mr A lexander Dav id son i s act i ng-governor t i l l A pr i l 6, 1 786 .

June 2 8. A prel im i nary treaty w i th the Nawab of the Karnatak

concluded,as s ign ing terr i to ry i n l ieu of paymen t of h i s debts due

to the E . I . Co .

Sept . The Burmese army occup ies S iam,the k ing mak ing a

hero ic defence . Bodoahpra orders a retreat to Martaban .

Babu Mahesh Dat t, he i r to the Hutwa Raj,dies . A

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2 58 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA .

H . 1 0 2 1 . The TariUz-z'

-l bra/zz'

m K/zan wr i tten—val uab le fori ts clear accoun t of the Marathas .

A cts of Parl iamen t passed ( 2 6 Geo . I I I .,e . giv ing to

the Governor-General power of act i ng i n Oppos i t ion to h i sCounci l . Ano ther ( 2 6 Geo . I I I . , e. 2 5) gi vi ng the K ing the power

of recal l i ng the Governor-General . A th i rd ( 2 6 Geo . I I I .

,c .

rel i eving servan ts Of the Company, re tu rn ing from I nd ia, fromproduci ng a s tatemen t of the i r fortu nes . A nd a fourth ( 2 6 Geo .

c . enabl i ng the Company to sel l 1 53 . of

the i r loan of to Governmen t,and to add

to the i r cap i tal .

Feb . 7 : Richard Br i n sley Sheridan br i ngs forward i n Parl iamen t

the charge agai n s t Warren Has t i ngs, touch ing the spol iat i on of

the Begams of Audh .

Feb . 1 0 : A fter prolonged negot iat i on s the Marathas conclude

arm i s t i ce w i th Tip] . Apri l : Peace concluded, the Marathas

ob tai n i ng the retroces s ion of Badam i, K ittfi r, and Nargund , w i th

for ty-five lakhs of rupees from Tipa,who on h i s return treacher

ously se i ze s Harpanhal l i and Raydurg from th e Paligars.

A pr i l : Tulaj i of Tanj o r d ies . His hal f-brother,Am i r S i ngh ,

succeeds, an adopted son , Sarofji, bei ng se t as ide by the Madras

Governmen t through the m i srepresen tat i on s of Am ir S ingh .

Apr i l 1 0 : Amir S i ngh engages to pay four lakh s of pagodas to

ward s the defence of h i s coun try .

A pr i l 1 5 : Lord Cornwal l i s secures for the Nawab of A udh a

mi t igat i on of h i s gr ievances, th e annual paymen t be ing fixed at

fi fty lakh s of rupees a year to cover al l claim s a large par t o f thebalance due be ing rem i t ted .

The Rajas o f Jaypu r and Jodhpu r un i te agai n s t S i nd ia and

defeat h im and Muhammad Beg,i n whose army De Boigne held

a command, at Lal so t after th ree days’ figh t ing . Muhammad

Beg i s k i l led , of h i s i n fan try then desert to the Jaypu rRaja, I sma

‘i l Beg’s caval ry and foot desert , and S ind ia fal l s back

on A lwar.

Ghulam Qad ir, son of Zab i ta Khan,expel s th e Maratha

garr i son from Deh l i , reduces A l igarh , and j o i n s I sma‘i l Begbefore Agra.

EARL CORNWA LL I S . 2 59

Rajasingh succeeds h i s father, Gajasingh, on th e th rone ofB ikanir. He i s po i soned after thi r teen days’ re ign . Suratsingh,

another son of the late Raja,assumes o ffice as regen t for h i s two

nephews , bu t on the death of one , he s trangle s the other, and

p roclaim s h imsel f Raja.

V ijayasingh of Jodhpu r sends a gold key to Shah ‘A lam ,

i nvi t i ng h im to Ajm ir, P rataps i ngh of Jaypur bei ng a party i nthe i nv i tat i on .

George Thomas, an I r i sh adven turer, arr ives at Deh l i , rece ivesa commiss ion

,and subsequen tly the command of the army of

Begam Samru of Sardanha, for whom he figh ts agai n s t the S ikhs .

The old c i ty of Mysore i s par t ial l y dest royed by order of Tipt‘

I,

and a new ci ty,Nazarabad , begun .

Overland commun icat i on between England and I nd ia

establ i shed w i th some regular i ty .

Jan. 9 : Mr A ndrew Ramsay , sen ior m ember of Counci l ,succeeds Rawson Hart B oddam as Governor of Bombay , t i l l

Sep t . 6,when S i r W . Medows arr ives as Governor and Com

mander-in-Ch ief,t i l l Jan. 2 1

, 1 79 0 .

Jan. Shah ‘Alam leaves Dehl i for Ajm ir, bu t on the way layss iege to G okalgarh, held by Najaf Qu l i Khan , who i s forced toy ie ld ; Shah

‘A lam re tu rn s to Dehl i on A pr i l 1 6 .

Jan. 2 9 : Madhuji Bhonsla agrees to cede A lorna, B ichol in,Sanquel im

,and par t of Purnem d i stri c t i n retu rn for Portuguese

aidagai n s t th e Raja of Kolhapu r . The Por tuguese recover Kar im ,

V ingorla, and Neutim for Madhuj i , who endeavours to evade the

terms of agreemen t, but i s forced to s ign a t reaty on the terms

proposed .

Feb . 1 3 : The tr ial o f Warren Has t i ngs beg in s,—concludesApr i l 2 3, 1 795.

The Raja of Chirakkal , i n debt to the E l . Co ., takes posses

s ion of R andatarra, and dr ives away the Engl i sh guard .

Apr i l 2 4 : The Jats,havi ng obstruc ted the s i ege o f Agra, are

j oi n ed by S ind ia, and defeated near Bharatpu r by I sma‘i l B egand Ghulam Qadi r . June 1 8 : i n a second batt l e

,at Agra,

I sma‘i l Beg i s defeated by De Boigne.

260 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA .

J une : Capt . Kennaway sen t to the court of N izam‘A li t o

en force the cess ion of Gantt‘

I r Sarkar,wh ich i s volun tar i ly su r

rendered i n Sep tember . Engagemen ts are en tered i n to,by a

l i beral construct ion of the treaty of Feb . 1 768, to aid the Ni zamwi th troops .

Ju ly 1 5 I sma‘i l Beg and Ghulam Qadi r enter Deh l i, and set

up a puppet emperor i n the Pr ince B edar Bakh t,son of A hmad

Shah and grandson of Muhammad Shah . P lunder and outrageare perpetrated on the royal fami ly

,and on Aug . 9 : Z i

-l qa‘da 7,H . 1 2 0 2

, Ghulam Qad i r b l i nds the emperor .

Oc t . 1 1 : Ghulam Qadi r,deserted by I sma‘i l Beg and

threatened by Rana Khan,fled to M i rat

,whence he escapes

,

Dec . 2 1, bu t i s cap tu red , muti lated, and k i l led by S ind ia.

Sept . 6 : Maj or - General S i r Wi l l iam Medows arr ives as

Governor o f Bombay, t i l l Jan. 2 1 , 1 79 0 .

Madhuji Bhonsla d ies and i s succeeded by Raghoji I I .

Feb . 9 : Mr John Hol lond, acti ng Governor of Madras, i n

place of S i r A rch ibald Campbel l,K .B .

,t i l l Feb . 1 3, 1 790 .

J une 2 0 Srinivasarav,Jagi rdar of A rn i , has the es tate res tored ,

and execu tes an agreement engag ing to fulfi l th e terms of the

former treaty o f 1 76 2 .

J uly 4 : A treaty of oflensive and defens i ve al l iance concl uded

by the Supreme Governmen t wi th the N i zam and th e Peshwaagai n s t Tipi

‘

I Su l tan,prov id ing that th ey shou ld send a con t i ngen t

of horse i n to Tipt‘

i’s terr i tor i es t o be pai d for by the

Company’s Governmen t conquered lands to be d ivided .

The Raj a of Travankor re - purchase s from the Dutch E . I .

Company the forts of Krangani‘

I r and i t s ou tpost o f Ayakota,wh ich Tipt

‘

I now clai m s . Dec . 1 4 : he encamps 2 5 m iles

from Travankor terr i tory and sends a vaki l demandi ng the su r

render of re fractory subj ect s of Mysore, the w i thdrawal of t roopsfrom Kranganor, and th e demol i t i on of the l i n es of defence cross

i ng Koch i n these terms are rej ec ted, and on Dec . 2 9 , Tipt‘

i’

s army

breach the l i n es, bu t rece ive a severe repu lse .

Dec . 2 1 : Fath S ingh Gaikwad, the Sena khas kheyl, d ies .

His b rother,Manaj i

,assumes charge of the Baroda Governmen t

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2 62 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA.

Alikkotta on Tipii’s flank , who busi es h im sel f demol i sh i ng th e

Travankor l i nes May 2 4 : he ret i res to the north .

May 2 4 General Medows takes command,and l eaves Trichin

opoly on 2 6th to march northward s ; the plan of campaign bei ngto take Koimbatt

‘

i rand Palghat wi th the mai n d iv i s i on , and i nvadeBaramahal wi th another force .

June 1 5 : General Medows takes Kart‘

ir,Dharapu ram , and

other p laces on his rou te to Koimbatur.

J une 2 0 . De Boigne, now commander i n S india’s army

,

at tacks and defeat s I sma‘i l Beg at Patan . The defeated i n fantry

desert to Si nd ia. Aug, S ind ia i n vades Vijaya S i ngh’s terr i tory

,

occup ies A jm ir, lays s i ege to Taragarh , and on Sept . 9 defeat sthe Jodhpur army at Mirta. Taragarh cap i tulates, and Vijaya

S ingh concludes peace w i th De Boigne. Nov . 1 8 : the Udaypur

Rana’s cap i tulat i on renders S i nd ia absolu te i n H industan .

J une 2 1 : The Government of I nd ia see i t n ecessary to resume

the revenues o f the Nawab of A rkat,wh ich had been res tored by

command of the Board o f Con trol .

Sept . 1 3 : Tip descends th e Gajalhatti Pas s , and at tack s

Col . Floyd’s d iv i s i on at Satyamangala, and after much figh t i ng

ret i res . Col . Hart ley re i n forces the Koim batt‘tr garr i son . Oct .,

Tipt‘

l retakes B rod and Dharapu ram . Oct . 24 : Col . Maxwel l

i nvades Baramahal , and though one reg imen t i s dr iven back i n a

defi l e by Tipfi’s army wh ich i s baffled by CO1. Maxwel l

’

s tact ic s .

Oct . 2 6 : The Bombay Governmen t conclude a t reaty w i th

P i raraja of Coorg, who engages to support the Engl i sh agai n st

Ti pu i n return for the pro tec t i on o f the Br i t i sh Government .

Dec . Tiptt i nvades the Karnatak , devas tate s Tri ch i nopol yd i stri c t

, and l evi es con tr ibu t ion s as far as Tiagar, bu t fai l s to take

th i s fort from Capt . Fl i n t .

Dec . 1 0 Col . James Har tl ey defeat s Tipt‘

i’

s general s, Husai n‘A l i , and Mat tah Khan at Tirukkall t

’

ir,near Cal icu t . Husain

Khan,two sardars, and 9 0 0 men are made pri soners .

Dec . 1 2 : Lord Cornwal l i s arr i ves at Madras and takes

command of the army .

. Dec . 1 7 : Kanant'

ir surrenders to General Abercromby and a

force from Bombay ; and of Tipt‘

i’

s t roops lay down thei r

arm s, and th e Malabar coast i s freed of Tiptt’

s t roops .

EARL CORNWA LL I S . 2 63

‘A li Bahadur

, a grandson of Baj 1rav, th e Peshwa, rece ives the

i nvest i ture of Bundelkhand from Nana Phadnavis, and, i n sp i te

of the oppos i t ion of Nana Arj un , ob tai n s th e Raj of Banda andPanna.

The Raja of Su nda,bei ng a refugee at Goa, desi rous o f

regai n i ng h i s k ingdom,prom i ses to become a vassal of Por tugal

,

and expresses fears les t the Engl i sh or Marathas should occupy

P i ro th e Portuguese hurr ied ly conclude a t reaty w i th h im,i n

wh ich he ass igned to them h i s r igh ts i n Phonda,Z ambol im,

Panchamal , &c .

Rammohan Rai,i n a t reat i se an tagon i s t i c to H i ndu idolat ry ,

lays the fou ndat ion of a prose l i teratu re i n the Bengal i vernacu lar .

Jan. 6 : Rama Varma, Raja of Koch in , execu tes a t reaty for

the paymen t o f t r ibu te to the Bri t i sh Governmen t, i n return for

ass i s tance in recover i ng d i s tr ict s sei zed by Tipi‘

I .

Jan. 2 1 : The confi scated estate of Husai npu r, con ferred by

Governmen t on Chattradhari Shah i, i s p laced u nder the pro tect i on

of the Court of Wards .

Jan. A Maratha army under Har i Pant leaves Poona,and at

Pangal he agrees w i th N izam Al i to observe the t reaty w ith the

Engl i sh on ly so far as migh t humb le Tipt‘

I , w ithou t ann ih i lat i ng

h i s power .

March 5 : Lord Cornwal l i s, wi th the mai n army, hav ing ou t

manoeuvred Tipfi , i nves t s Bangalor, wh ich i s carr i ed by storm ,

March 2 1 . Devanhal l i and Ch ick Bal lapur su rrender, and several

pal igars tender subm is s i on .

May 1 Capt . L igh t concludes a t reaty w i th the Raja of

Quedah prov id i ng for suppl ies from the mai n land , for the payment

to the Raja of Span i sh dol lars, and for the exclus ion of o ther

European s from the cou n try .

May 1 5 Lord Cornwal l i s meets and defeat s Tipt'

i at Arakere,

9 m iles from Ser ingapatam ,but the al l i e s fai l i ng to come up,

and from scarc i ty i n camp , a retreat i s begun on May 2 6 . General

Abercromby ordered to return to Malabar . May 2 6 : on themarch the Maratha arm ies u nder Parashuram Bhau and Har i Pan t

j o i n Cornwal l i s’s force,and th e combi ned army fal l s back on

Bangalor, proceed i ng on June 6 . Cross the Madt’

tr r iver, 1 9th ;

264 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

and capture Hal iyardurg and destroy i t . The combi ned army

arr ived at Bangalor early i n Jul y. July 1 6 : Cornwal l i s takesHosti r

,and

,Ju ly 2 2 : Maj or Gowd ie takes the doub le for t of

Rayakota. Oc t . 1 3 : Nandidurgwas taken .

J une 6 The S iddis of Janj i ra prom i se to rel i nqu i sh the i r r igh t

and t i t l e i n favour of the Peshwa to certai n lands gran ted to‘Abdul Kharim Khan or Bal u M i ya i n Gujarat ; but Janj i ra wasnever reduced.

Oct . 3 1 : Exten s ive re i n forcements havi ng been sen t from

England, a detachmen t u nder Col . Maxwel l arr ives at Fort

Pennagaram,i n Sal em d i str i c t

,the ch ief retreat o f predatory

bands . The flag bei ng fi red on,th e fort was taken, and Krishna

gi r i and o ther fort s captu red .

Nov. A Maratha detachmen t left at Madgiri i s rou ted by a

force u nder Kam r—ud-din,one of Tipu’s general s . Nov . 1 5

Koimbatti r, after a brave defence for five months,surrenders t o

Tip i’

t, and th e garr i son i s marched i n chai n s to Seringapatam i n

v iolat i on of the terms of capi tu lat i on .

Dec . 1 0 : CO1 . Stuart proceeds agai n s t Savandurg fort res s,wh i ch i s s tormed by Lord Cornwal l i s

,Dec . 2 1 . Dec . 2 4 : Uttara

durg taken by C0 1 . S tuar t . Dec . 2 9 : Capt . L i t t le forces a s t rong

pos i t i on of the army near S imoga wi thou t the ass i s tance o f Parashuram Bhau , who remai n s i nact i ve, to p lunder the enemy

’s camp .

Jan. 3 : Parashu ram Bhau and Capt . L i t t l e lay s iege to S imoga

the garr i son surrender on ly on ob tai n i ng the Engl i sh guarantee o f

safety . Jan. 2 2 : General Abercromby, under orders from head

quarters,marches from th e S idasirghat to j o i n the mai n army .

Jan. 2 5 Lord Cornwal l i s leaves Hal iyardurg, accompan ied by the

N izam’s force under h i s son,S ikandar Jah

,anda par ty o f Marathas

under Har i Pan t . Feb . 5 encamps 6 miles from Ser ingapatam .

Feb . 6 at tacks at n igh t,carr ies the pettah of Shahar Ganjam wi th

al l redoub t s and bat ter ies . Feb . 8 Tip i‘

t sends Lieuts. Nash and

Chalmers,p r i soners from Koimbati

'

i r,wi th let ters to the general ,

but at the same t ime d i rects a caval ry at tack on the E ngl i sh rear.

Feb . 1 6 A bercromby j o i ns the bes ieg ing force. The s iege i s

con t i n ued,together wi th negot iat ions . Feb . 2 2 : th e confederacy’s

u l t imatum i s placed before Tipa, v iz ., th e cess ion to the al l ie s, from

the country adjacen t to thei rs,of one-hal f th e domi n i on s he

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2 66 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND I A .

Government as Nawab of Surat . He expresses h i s des ire to besolely dependen t on the Br i t i sh

,decl i n ing to accep t a sanaa

’ fromDehl i .

Jam‘adar Fath Muhammad makes h im sel f mas ter of Kachh .

George Thomas l eaves Begam Samru’

s serv ice, and takes office

u nder Appa Khanderav, who gives h im the parganas of Tij ara,Tapokara, and F iruzpur i n Mewat .

An armamen t is prepared agai n s t the Raja of Kolhapu r torepress con t i nued act s of p i racy

,but th e expedi t i on is pu t off by

a t reaty of Nov . 2 5, where i n th e Raja engages to give compensat i on

for losses su stai ned by Bri t i sh merchants , and to perm i t the

erect ion of fac torie s at Mulwan and Kolhapu r ; but the sys tem of

pi racy s t i l l con t i nued,t i l l 1 8 1 2 .

Sanskr i t Col lege i n s t i t u ted at Benares .

Jan. 2 8 : The Raja of Travankor en ters i n to an agreemen t

(known as th e Pepper Contract) to supply pepper for ten years tothe Bombay Governmen t

,i n return for arm s and European goods .

Feb . 1 1 : Lord Cornwal l i s, by a minute, i n s t i tu tes Zi la and

C i ty Courts for primary j ur i sd ict i on . Fou r prov inc ial Cou rt s of

Appeal establ i shed at Cal cu t ta, Patna, Dhaka , and Mursh idabad .

A Court of las t Appeal—the Sadr D iwani ‘A dalat—i s set up atCal cu tta. Judges’ fees abol i sh ed . Crim inal Cou rts establ i shed ,and c i rcu i ts arranged . Ass izes t o be held at the four prov i nc ial

Cour t s month ly,and at th e Zi las tw ice a year . A Supreme Court

of Cr im i nal J us t ice,cal led the N izamat ‘Adalat, i s formed at

Calcu tta.

Feb . 2 5 : Mr Hen ry Dundas defended the Government of

I ndia i n favour o f the renewal o f the Charter o f the E L Company .

A new Charter granted for twen ty years . The regulat i ons of th i s

Act were ch iefly as before : salar i es to be al l owed to the Com

m iss ioners of the Board of Con trol , to be pai d by the Company ,and no longer to be taken exclus ively from th e Pr ivy Counc i l .

The Company to prov ide ton s of sh ipp i ng annual ly for the

u se of pri vate traders .

March 1 6 Franci sco de Menezes res tores to Tipa Sul tan the

fort of P i ro and adjacen t prov i nces .

May 1 7 : Shawwal 7, H . 1 2 0 7. Taim t'

ir Shah of Afghan istan

d ies . The success ion i s d i sputed among h i s son s . Zaman Shah ,

S I R JOH N SHORE . 267

h i s fi fth son , elected at Kabu l,wh i le Humayfin Shah p roclaim s

h im sel f at Qandahar, andMahm t‘

id Shah at Harat .

June 1 1 A t reaty i s concluded wi th the Raja of Tanj or,for

garr i son ing h i s country wi th B ri t i sh troops .

June-Ju ly The E l . Co . i nves ted wi th c iv i l and cr im inal j ur i sd ict ion on the Malabar coas t . Smal l cause Courts are establ i shedi n the Palghat, for Kongad , Mannar

, and Edattara d i s tr i ct s .

June 2 2 Vi scoun t Melvi l le,pres id en t of the Board of Con trol ,

t i l l Apri l 2 5, 1 80 1 .

Vijaya S ingh of Jodhpur d ies . His grandson , Bhim Singh ,usurps the throne

,defeat ing Zal im S ingh ; he poi son s or as sas

sinates h i s four remai n i ng brothers . His nephew, Man S ingh , i sbes ieged i n Jhalur

Aug. 1 Manaj i Gaikwad dies . The fam ily quarre l among

the four sons of Damaj i i s thu s term i nated,and th e success i on o f

G ovindrav recogn i sed on paymen t of a large sum to the Peshwa .

Aug. 1 2 Lord Cornwal l i s,agai n s t th e adv ice of S i r J oh n

Shore,carries i n to effec t h i s Permanen t Revenue Sett lemen t , by

wh ich the z amz’

na’a‘r pays a fixed sum to Governmen t

,and l ev ies

th i s from the rayats by h i s own agen ts . He al so reform s the j uri s

d ict i on of Bengal,and establ i shes Zi la Courts for pr imary cases .

Sept . 1 5 War havi ng broken out between France and Br i tai n ,Col . Brai thwai t e bes i eges Pond icheri

,which capi tu lates . The

other French sett lement s are al so taken for th e th i rd t ime .

A formal ces s ion of par t of nor thern Borneo seems to have

been made to the Company by the Su l tan of Su lu .

Raja Gaurinath of Asam,deposed , appeal s to Lord Cornwal l i s

for pro tect i on . Capt. Welsh , with S ipahis, re i n states the

Raja,who

,however

,i s impr i soned

,and a youth named Kinaram

placed on the th rone by th e m in i s ters .

Sept . 2 8. Mubar ik -ud-daula,Nawab of Bengal

,d ies

,h i s eldes t

son, Nazim -ul Mulk Wazi r-uddaula,succeeds wi th the t i tl e of

Babar Jang .

S IR JOHN SHORE,LORD TEIGNMOUTH .

Oc t . 1 0 : Lord Cornwal l i s left Madras for England . Oct . 2 8

S i r John Shore,Lord Teignmouth

,appo in ted Governor-General ,

t i l l March 1 2 , 1 798.

268 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

George Thomas at tempts to rescue Begam Samru , i s defeated

by the Mewatis,ral l i es h i s troops, and agai n offers batt le, bu t

concludes peace on favourabl e term s . At Appa Khanderav’

s

command,he reduces the res t o f Begam Samru

’

s v i l lages .

Nov . 1 1 Dr Wi l l iam Carey,th e fi rs t Bapti s t m i ss ionary, lands

i n I nd ia.

A ba Tal ib London i wri tes the Lzzbéus S z'

yar.

Jan. 1 S i r John Kennaway, Res iden t at Haidarabad , report s

N izam ‘A li to be ready to form engagements favou rable to theEngl ish i n con sequence of h i s threatened ann ih i lat i on by the

Marathas . The Engl i sh offer med iat i on,but decl i n e to give

m i l i tary ass i s tance .

Feb . 1 2 Mahadaj i S ind ia of Gwal iar d ies suddenly of fever at

Wananl i . H is grand-n ephew and adopted son, D aulatrav S ind ia,succeeds, t i l l March 2 1 , 1 82 7. The i nfluence of Nana Phadnavis

wi th th e Peshwa i s now paramount .

March 2 9 Tipi‘

I pays th e war i ndemn i ty due u nder the treatyof 1 79 2 , and rece ives back h i s son s .

George Thomas can ton s h i s legion at Tijara, and effects a

j unct ion w i th Appa Khanderav, now a pr i soner i n Kuteputl i

fort . Thomas i s adopted as Appa’s son,and proceeds to h i s

jagi rs . A ppa, hav i ng v i s i ted S india’

s camp, i s lai d u nder a

con tr ibut ion wh ich necessi tate s th e mortgage of most o f h i s

proper ty to Bapu Phadnavis.

May 2 2 : Franci sco An ton i o Vego de Cabral succeeds Fran

ci sco da Cunha e Menezes as Governor and Captai n -Generalat Goa.

Sep t . : Sa‘far, H . 1 2 0 9 . Fai zu l lah Khan,th e Roh i la ch ie f,

dies . His e ldes t son , Muhammad‘A l i Khan succeeds to the

jagi rs at Rampur, bu t i s assass i nated a few day s after by h i s

brother, Ghulam Muhammad . The Engl i sh Governmen t supportthe cause o f Ahmad ‘A l i

,i n fan t son of the murdered pri nce .

S i r Robert Abercromby at Bithaura defeat s Ghulam Muhammad,

who i s impr i soned .

Sept . 7 : Lord Hobart succeeds S i r Char les Oakley as Governorof Madras, t i l l Feb . 2 0

,1 798.

The Marathas make exten s i ve c laims on N izam‘A li of Haidar

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2 70

1 796

THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA .

Oct . 2 0 : Koch i n c i ty and Tangasser i su rrendered by MrVanspal l, th e Dutch governor, to Maj o r Petr i e .

Oct . 2 5 : Madhavrav I I . Peshwa, wear ied by the dom inanceof Nana Phadnavis

,throws h imsel f from the palace roof and d ies

two days later, reques t i ng that h i s cou s in , Bajirav, should be h i ssuccessor ; bu t Nana suggest s i n cou nci l that Yashodabai, th e

Peshwa’s w idow,Should adopt a son . Bajirav meanwh i l e pu shes

h i s c laim s wi th S i nd ia.

Nov . 1 7 : A treaty of perpetual peace and fr i endsh ip i s con

cluded wi th the Raja of Travankor, who engages to pay a subsidy

for troops s tat ioned i n h i s coun try .

A squadron under Peter Rani er from Madras reduces the

Du tch sett lemen ts i n Cel n, Malacca

,Banda, and Amboyna,

The Cape of Good Hope al so fal l s to the Engl i sh .

Rana Bahadur of Nepal orders his uncle, th e regen t , to be

starved to death i n pr i son , and reign s for five year s w i th i n tolerab lecruelty .

Chama Raja,the t i tu lar sovere ign of Mysore, d ies . Tipu

determ ines to have no more puppet k ings, and despo i l s and

impr i son s h i s family .

Begam Samru’

s t roops under Legois, a d i sm issed commander,mut i ny

,and take the oath of al leg iance to her stepson , Zafar

Yab Khan . The Begam wi th Levassoult, her husband and

commander-in-ch ief of her army,i n fl igh t are overtaken ,

Levassoult, on a repor t that the B egam had k i l led herself, shoots

h imsel f. George Thomas Ob tai n s th e release and restorat io n of

the Begam .

Dec . 2 5 : The Bengal o fficers form a Board to en force

restorat i on of the pri v i leges removed by Lord Cornwal l i s . The

commander- in-ch ief,S i r Rober t Abercromby

,proceeds to Cawn

pore, and the muti ny i s temporar i ly quel led .

Burmese t roops en ter Chittagaon d is tr ic t i n pursu i t of th ree

robbers . They ret ire on explanat i on s from General E rsk i ne, and

after tr ial and conv ict i on the fugi t i ve s are res tored .

Dec . 2 7 : Jonathan Duncan succeeds the act ing Governor, Joh n

Gr i ffi th, as Govern or of Bombay , t i l l h i s death , Aug. 1 1,1 8 1 1 .

Feb . 4 : The Bri t i sh force i n Ceylon takes Negambo. Feb . 1 2

a t reaty i s concluded w i th the King of Kandy for the erect ion

S I R JOHN SHORE . 2 7 1

of forts and factor i es i n Ceylon . Feb . 1 6 : the S i nghal ese army

at Colombo capi tu lates, and Ceylon i s placed under the pol i t i cal

con trol of the Madras governor .

May : New regulat ion s for army adm in i s trat ion arr ive i n

Bengal,bu t aggravate the sp i r i t o f d i ssat i s fact i on . S i r Joh n

Shore i s compel led to mod ify them and pract ical ly to concede

the demands .

May 2 6 : A gai n st h i s w i l l, Chimnaj i Appa, Baj irav’s younger

brother, is i n vested i n camp as Chimnaji Madhavrav Peshwa, byParash uram Bhau and Babarav Phadke. Nana Phadnavis, at

Wai,su spects treachery and plots agai n s t the new adm in i strat ion ,

espouses the cause of Bajirav, br ibes S i nd ia, and, Oct . 8

ranges term s w i th N izam ‘A l i at Mahad,the lat ter engaging to

send men w i th a t rai n of art i l lery to un i te w i th those of

th e Nana and Raghoji Bhonsla for the res torat i on of Bajirav,whi l e N izam ‘Al i ’s terr i tory and promi sed payments, wrested fromh im at Karda, are to be res tored , and h i s r igh t to certai n d i str i c ts

near Dehl i confi rmed , and Bajirav to be advi sed to rel i nqui shthe c/zaut/z of B idar .

Oct . 2 0 : The B ibi of Kananfir execu tes an agreemen t su rrender ing her r igh ts to the Company .

Oc t . The Company’s Governmen t depu tes Capt . Hiram Coxto be the res iden t at R angt

‘

m u nder the supposed t reaty of 1 795after a fr iendly recept ion he i s n eglected

,and after n i n e mon ths

return s to B engal .

Oct . 2 7 S ind ia arres ts Baloba Tatya,one of Nana Phadnavis’s

opponen ts Chimnaji Apa, wi th Parashuram Bhau , flees to

S iwneri, bu t i s captu red . Nov . 2 5 : Nana Phadnavis secures

a declarat i on of fr iendsh ip from Bajirav, and re turn s to Poona.

Dec . 4 : Bajirav i s i nves ted as Peshwa.

S i r R . Abercromby defeat s the Roh i la Patans at Fathganj.

The A ndaman I s lands declared to be too u nheal th y, and th e

Engl i sh sett lemen t wi thdrawn .

1 79 7 Feb . 1 : Lord Cornwal l i s re—appo in ted Governor-General , bu tdoes not proceed to I nd ia.

Z aman Shah Abdali marches on Lahor, conci l iates the S ikh s,and th reaten s H indus tan .

272 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA .

March : S i r J ohn Shore proceeds to Lucknow to i nduce the

Vazi r to reform h i s adm in i strat ion , and to pay par t o f h i s caval ryes tabl i shmen t

,bu t w i th i nd i fferen t resu l ts .

S ixty Frenchmen form a Jacob i n c lub at Ser ingapatam and

plan t a tree of l iberty ” before Tipt‘

I’

s palace . Apri l : Capt . R ipaudand two Musl im envoys ordered to Mau r i t i us

,but embark on ly i n

October .

Shaml i fort capi tu lates to George Thomas, act i ng for the

Marathas. Lakhnaut i i s al so taken . A ppa Khanderav drowns

h im sel f i n the Jamna . Figh t i ng fol lows between Thomas and

Vafonrao, Appa’s nephew .

Aug. 1 5. Tukaji Holkar d ies . Anarchy begi n s at I ndor .Malharrav, Tukaji

’

s second son , assumes command of th e army

and state . Sept . , Kash i Rao , the elder brother, rai ses an army

wi th S india’

s aid,and at tacks the army of Malharrav, who fal l s .

Yaswant or Jaswantrao Holkar, an i l l eg i t imate s tepbrother, pose s

as th e champion of Malharrav’s i n fan t son

,and ravages S india’

s

terri tory .

Sep t . 2 1 : Rab i‘I . 2 8,H . 1 2 1 2 .

‘Asaf-uddaula, NawabVazi r of A udh , d ies . D isputes occur between his brother

,

Sa‘adat ‘A l i , and M i rza Vazi r ‘A l i Khan,h i s adopted son .

The Engl i sh Governmen t recogn i se the lat ter as Nawab, t i l l

Jan. 2 1 , 1 798.

Rana Bahadu r re turn s to Nepal , but i s murdered by a hal f

bro ther .

Dec . 3 1 . Nana Phadnav is, i nduced to pay a s tate v i s i t to

S i nd ia,i s sei zed and i mpr i soned by M ichel Fi loz e, a Neapol i tan

i n S india’

s serv i ce . H is ret i n ue are attacked,and Ghatge sends

sold iers to plunder the Nana’s house and those of all h i s adheren ts .Poona becomes th e scene of m uch b loodshed . Nana Phadnavis

i s impr isoned at A hmadnagar .

Mayors’ Cou r ts abol i shed at Madras and Bombay,and

Recorders’ Courts sub st i tu ted .

John Col l i n s res iden t at the court of D aulatrav S ind ia t i l l 1 80 3.

Jan. Vazi r‘Ali , on accoun t of h i s conduct and al l eged il legiti

macy, i s complai ned of, and S i r J ohn Shore, after personal i nqu i ry,deposes h im

, and deports h im to Cal cu tta. Jan. 2 1 Sa‘adat‘A li

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274 TH E CHRON OLOGY OF I ND IA.

J une 1 8 : Lord Macartn ey, from th e Cape of Good Hope,corroborates th e fact of Tipt

’

I’

s embas sy to the French , and th e

Governor-General reso lves on waragai n s t h im ,and to depr ive h im

of Mangal u r,h i s port on the coas t .

Aug . 2 1 : Lord Cl i ve arr ives at Madras to succeed Lord

Hobar t as Governor and Lord Harr i s act ing Governor,t i l l

August 30 , 1 80 3.

Sep t . 1 Lord Morn ington concludes a t reaty w i th N izam‘A l i ,who prom ises to d i sm i ss h i s French officers

,d i sband the i n fan try

rai sed by M . Raymond , and mai n tai n i n s tead s i x bat tal i ons of

Engl i sh sepoys,pay i ng rupees annual ly . The exchange

i s effected by Si r John Mal colm wi thou t d is turbance .

Oct . Zaman Shah marches from Kabul , bu t i s met and checkedby the S ikh s near Amri tsar . He makes over Labor to Ranj i t

S i ngh as a fief and re turn s to Qandahar .

Nov . 8 . The Governor-General wr i tes to Tipt‘

i remonstrat ing

about h i s proceed i ngs wi th the French , offer i ng to depute Maj or

Doveton to explai n what m ight lead to a be t ter u nderstandi ng .

Dec . 1 0 a second let ter wr i t ten , request i ng a reply at Madras .

Dec . 3 1 : Governor-General arr ives at Madras . Tipt

‘

I’

s reply

at tempts to exp lai n away the embassy to Mauri t i u s, and con siders

fu rther measures for preservi ng fr iendsh ip superfluous . Warl ike

preparat i on s are prosecu ted at Madras .

An at tempt to i n troduce some changes i n th e fi scal system

in to the Ceylon sett lements nearl y resu l ts i n a revolut i on . The

conquered se t t lemen ts i n Ceylon are t ran s ferred to the d irect

governmen t of th e Crown ; th e Hon . Freder i ck North nom inated

fi rst Governor .

Great n umbers of A rakanese hav i ng taken refuge i n Chitagaon

from the usurp i ng Burmese , th e Governor of Burma wri tes LordMorn i ngton demand ing that the fugi ti ves be g iven up .

Jan. 8 . Nawab Nizam ud-din of Surat d ies . The Governmen t,

compel led to i n terfere i n order to preven t fu rther corrupt adm ini

stration of the nat i ve Darbar, recogn i se the Nawab’s brother,

Nazi r ud-din. The ent i re admin i strat ion of the c i ty and i t s

revenues i s vested i n the E l . Company’s governmen t,the Nawab

to rece ive a lakh of rupees yearly and one -th i rd of th e revenues .

MARQU I S WELLESLEY . 2 75

Jan. 1 4 : M r George Frederick Cherry, res iden t at Banares,with Capt . Conway and another Engl i shman , murdered by Vazi r‘A l i , who flees to Bhotwal terr i tory and en ters A udh at the head

of a band of d i saffected zam i ndars . His force scat tered by a

Bri t i sh con t i ngen t,he flees to the Raj puts, bu t i s handed over i n

D ee. and i mpr i soned at Fort Wi l l iam . May 1 8 1 7 : he d ied at

Vel lor.

Jan. 2 7 General Harr i s reaches Vel lor, to command the

Madras army . Feb . 3 Lord Morn i ngton,hav i ng learn t that Tipti

Sultan had sen t vak i ls on a mi ssi on to the execut ive D irectory

of France, orders General Harr i s to en ter the terr i tory of Mysore .

The E l . Company i n t imated to be at war wi th Tipfi .

Feb . 2 1 The Bombay column , under General S tuar t, reaches

Kanant‘

i r. March 6 : the advance guard , u nder General Hart ley,at tacked at Periyapatna by Tipu, bu t w i th the aid of General

S tuar t’s force, defeat s the Mysore army .

March 2 7 : General Harr i s w i th the mai n army at tacked at

Malvall i, dr ives off the enemy w i th los s ; 30 th : he crosses the

Kaveri at Sosile.

Apri l 5 : General Harr i s begi n s the s i ege of Ser ingapatam .

A pri l 1 4 : Bombay army j o i n s .

A pr i l 2 0 Ti pr'

i proposes a con ference, and, 2 z ud i s furn i shed

w i th the draft of a p rel im inary treaty wh ich i s decl in ed . 2 8th :

i t is determ ined to begi n the assaul t of Ser ingapatam .

May 4 : S i r Dav id Bai rd leads a s torm ing party at 1 P .M . , and

i n seven m inu tes the Bri t i sh flag was hoi sted over the wal l s o fSer ingapatam Tipt

'

I wounded, and final ly shot by a grenadier .May 6 : Fath Hai dar, Tipt

‘

i’

s son,and Purnaya, the m in i ster,

su rrender .

Apr i l 5 : Col . Brown’s detachmen t takes Karii r fort ress

, and,

2 2nd : i n conj unct ion w i th Col . Reade, takes Kaveripuram .

June 2 2 Part i t i on t reaty of Mysore,between the N izam and

the Government, i s rat ified . The Company take the sou thern

port ion and the c i ty of Ser ingapatam,by which access ion the i r

terr i tory reaches across the pen i n sula. The N izam takes an

equal port i on on the north-eas t, i n the d i str ic t s of Guti and th ecoun try ly i ng al ong the l i ne of the fort s of Chi tald urg

,S i ra

,

Nandidurg, and Kolar, bu t w i thou t the fort s . Di st ri cts to the

2 76 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

north-west—Harpanahal l i,Sunda

,Anagudi, and o ther d istr i c ts

y i eld i ng from hal f to two-th i rds the revenue of each of the otherpor t i on s

,are offered to the Marathas

,who refuse them

,and they

are di v ided between the N i zam and th e Company’s Government .The remai nder formed the k ingdom of Mysore under Kri shnaRaja Udiyar, dependen t on the Br i t i sh .

J une : Col . Scot t proceeds to Lucknow wi th the GovernorGeneral’s proposed scheme of army organ i sat i on for Audh . TheNawab tempor i ses wi th the res iden t . Nov. 1 2 : he proposes to

abd icate i n favour of h i s son .

June 30 : Kri shna Raja Udiyar, th e i n fan t descendan t of the

former H i ndu rajas,placed on th e maszzaa’ wi th Purnaya as

min i s ter .

J uly 8 Subs id iary t reaty o f Mysore, se t t l i ng the arrangemen ts

between the new s tate of Mysore and th e I nd ian Governmen t .

Zaman Shah of Afghani s tan , about to i nvade H industan , i s

d i s tracted by a threatened i nvas ion from Pers ia, i n st igated by theB ri t i sh . A conspi racy i n Afghan i s tan to rai se Shuj a M i rza, a

bro ther o f Zaman , to the throne, i s d i scovered to the Vazi r, who

takes extreme measu res for i t s suppress ion, wh ich leads to the

rebel l i on of the Bart'

i khzais.

A commerc ial m i ss i on i s sen t to S i ndh , to conduct bus i nes sbetween the I nd ian Governmen t and the Talpur M i rs , but fai l s,and th e agen t rece ives orders to qu i t S i ndh .

Oct . 4 : Thank s Of Par l iamen t voted to the army for the

success of the Mysore war.

Raja Wanj i Bau la Perumal of Travankor d ies . Raja Rama

varma Perumal succeeds .

George Thomas,now before Fath pur, i s deserted by h i s

Mara tha al l i es, bu t wi th h i s own troop s gai n s a vi ctory over theRaj pu ts . Dis t ress supervenes i n h i s camp , when term s are

offered by the Raja and accepted . After an unsuccessfu l at tackon Jhind, Thomas agrees to serve w i th Ambaji I ngl ia, and

proceeds to Udaypur agai n s t Lakwa Dada .

Oct.Dr Joshua Marshman , Bapt i s t m i ss i onary, arri ves at

Serampur . Dr Carey,preven ted by the E l . Co . from establ i sh

i ng a m iss ion i n Bri t i sh terr i tory , set t le s at Serampur under

protec t ion of the Dan i sh Governor, Colonel B ie .

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2 78 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

Yashvantrav (Jeswant) Holkar, son of Tukaj 1 and brother ofKashirav of I ndor

,i ncreases his power i n Malwa. He i s secre t ly

encouraged by the Peshwa to oppose S i nd ia,whose Malwa estates

are soon at tacked .

Ju ly 2 1 : Purnem,long kept i n d i sturbance by the Sawants,

recovered by the Portuguese .

Aug . 7 : Marqu i s Wel lesley made Captai n -General and

Commander-in-Chief i n I nd ia.

Aug . 1 8 : For t Wi l l iam College,Calcu tta, is estab l i shed

abol i shed 1 854.

Aug . 2 6 The I nd ian Governmen t conclude an agreemen t

w i th the Nawab of the Karnatak,by wh ich the r igh t of col lect i ng

certai n fees i n Tinnevel l i i s ceded to the Governmen t .

Sep t . 9 : Dhundia Wagh,released on the capture of Ser i nga

patam , hav i ng ral l i ed some of Tipt‘

i’s t roops

,ravaged the Karnatak,

both Br i ti sh and Maratha,and k i l led D hondu Pan t Gokhal e , i s

pursued by Col . Wel les ley and k i l led at Kongal .

Sept . 1 9 Govindrav Gaikwad of Baroda d ies . His son ,Anandrav, of weak i n tel lec t, deposed by his hal f-brother Kanhoji ,who i s i n turn ou sted by a m in i ster ial par ty under Ravj i Appaji .

Oct . 1 2 : The N izam of Haidarabad cedes to the Company

the terr i tory acqu i red by h im from Mai sur,i n re turn for the

protect i on i n every case of a Bri t i sh force . Thus Kadapa,Kamal ,

and Bel lar i come i n to the Company’s hands .

Oct . The Barakhzais revo l t and dec lare for Mahmfid, a

brother of Zaman Shah . Mahm i'

I d’

s army takes Qandahar, bu t

sus tai n s a reverse at Ghazn i .

Oct . The Peshwa leases to the Gaikwad h i s share i n the

Gujarat revenues for five vears for five lakhs per annum .

Muhammad‘A li Khan wr i tes the TarZ/z/z-zl j l/ztzafiari .

Feb . 1 4 : Maj or-General Bai rd leaves Bengal to command

forces ordered for servi ce i n Egypt . These are t ransported from

Bombay : and arr i ved at Qosir, June 8.

A pr i l 1 : V ith0 j 1 Holkar, brother of Yashvantrav, taken pr i soner

and cruel ly execu ted by the Peshwa . Other execu t ion s fol low at

Poona.

MARQU I S WELLE SLEY. 279

Apr i l 4 Supreme Cour t i ns t i tu ted at Madras .

May 4 : L i eu t . George Br idges Bellasis, i n a duel at Bombay,ki ll s A rthu r Forbe s M i tchel l , of Forbes 81 Co. , for wh ich

Bellasis i s sen tenced to fourteen years’ t ranspor tat i on to Sydney,Austral ia : pardoned J une 4, 1 80 2 .

J une : S i r George Le i th , Governor of Pri nce of Wale s’ I sland,concludes a t reaty w i th the Raja of Quedah for the cess ion of a

d is tr i c t on the mai n land , now named Wel lesley P rovi nce. Treaty

confi rmed,Nov. 1 80 2 .

June : Holkar cu ts off a detachment u nder Capt . M‘I ntyre,and then total ly defeats S india’

s army under John Hess ing at

Ujjai n . Ju ly : Holkar menaces S india’

s mai n force, bu t i s

checked wi th severe loss by Capt . Brownrigg.

J uly : Lord Lake, Commander- in-Chief i n I ndia, t i l l J u ly 1 80 5,and agai n from Oc t . 1 80 5 to Oct . 1 80 7.

Ju ly 1 5 :‘Umdat-ul—Umara, Nawab of the Karnatak, dies .

The Company wi shes to take the governmen t i n to the i r own

hands . ‘A li Hu sai n , the son of ‘Umdat-ul -Umara, refuses theterms offered, and

‘A z im -ud-daula,the nephew of the late Nawab,

agrees to renounce th e powers of governmen t,and i s rai sed to

the nom inal th rone .

Aug. 1 5 The Governor-General se ts ou t on a tour th rough thenorthern prov i nces .

Sep t . 4 Sup reme Court i n s t i tu ted at Madras,and Charter read .

Sep t. D aulatrav S i nd ia endeavours to secure George Thomas’s

co-operat ion wi th M . Perron,bu t Thomas refus ing Pe rron’s

demand to gi ve up Jayjar to the Marathas, the negot iat ion i s

s topped , and a desul tory campai gn fol lows . Desert i on s from

Thomas become frequen t,and at Hansi he capi tulates t o Perron .

Oct . 1 4 : D aulatrav S i nd ia sends Ghatge agai n s t I ndor wi th

a force u nder Col . Sutherland,who defeat s Yashvantrav Holkar

at I ndor, bu t fai l s to fol low up h is v ictory . Ghatge plundersmerc i less l y there.

Nov . 9 : Brigad ier-General J ohn Carnac, the fr i end and

associate of C l ive,d ies at Mangal u r on a sea voyage, aged

e igh ty -four .

Nov . 2 0 : The Peshwa i n form s S i r Barry Close of h i s read iness

2 80 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA .

to accept par t of the Governor-General’s cond i t i ons o f suppor t,bu t refuses to par t wi th terr i tory or d i sm i ss European s of nat i on s

no t then at war wi th Bri tai n .

Nov . 1 4 : The Nawab Vazi r of Audh cedes to the Engl i sh

Governmen t lands i n R ohilkhandand the Duab i n l ieu of subs idy

and al l future expen ses of defence,al so prov id i ng for the reduct i on

of t roops,and th e free navigat i on of the Ganges and other

boundary r ive rs .

Fath ‘A li Khan of Haidarabad , S i ndh , d ies, leavi ng hal f h i sterr i tory to h i s b rother, Ghulam

‘A l i,and hal f to o ther two

brothers, Karam‘A li and Murad ‘A li . By th i s arrangemen t

Fath ‘Al i ’s son, Sobhdar, rece ives n o power .R an Bahadu r o f Nepal i s compel led to abdi cate i n favour of

G irvanyuddhaV ikrama Sah,h i s son, and re ti res to Benares , where

Capt . Knox i s appoin ted to at ten d h im as pol i t ical agen t .

Pond icher i re s tored to the French under the t reaty of Am iens .

Jan. 1 : Lord Wel les ley sends home h i s resignat i on of the

Governor-General sh ip,bu t on an appeal from the Cour t of

D i rec tors,con sen ts to remai n t i l l 1 80 5 .

Jan . George Thomas, decl i n i ng serv ice w i th S ind ia, is bes i eged ,and su rrenders at Hansi to a s trong combi nat i on o f troops underMaj or Bourqu i n . Aug . 2 2 he d ies at Burhanpu r .

Feb . Malharrav Gaikwad, act i ng on behal f of h i s cous i n ,Kanhoji, Govindrav

’

s son , rai ses an army . Maj or Wal ker, wi th

a smal l force,at tempts pac ific measure s, bu t fi nds Malharrav

t reacherou s . Many of the Gaikwad’

s t roops deser t to h im .

March 1 7 : he at tack s Maj or Walker,but is repul sed . Apri l 1 2

i ll avai lable t roops summoned from G oa and Bombay, under

Col . Si r Wi l l iam Clarke,land at Khamhay . Apr i l 30 : Kar i

carr ied by the B ri t i sh t roops . Malharrav surrenders, and i s

se tt led at N ariad w i th an al lowance of rupees . The

res iden t reorgan i se s the c iv i l adm in i strat i on , and reduces the

A rab mi l i tary force i n Baroda.

Apri l : Several m erchan t s i n Kandy are se i zed by th e Pr imeM in i s ter . Compensat ion i s refused and war declared .

A pr i l 1 0 : Hon . S i r Benjamin Su l l ivan i s offic iat i ng Recorde rat Bombay t i l l 1 80 4.

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2 82 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I NDIA .

Dec . 3 1 : The treaty of Basse i n i s concluded between the

Peshwa and th e I nd ian Government, represen ted by S i r Barry

C lose : the Peshwa to rece ive a subs id iary force of s ixteen

battal i ons w i th guns, and to cede terr i tory to the val ue of twen tysix lakh s of rupees for thei r paymen t : to refer to the I nd ianGovernmen t al l d isputes w i th the N i zam and the Gaikwad, and to

be res tored to power at Poona.

Jan. 1 A detachmen t under Maj or Holmes pursues Kanhoji

Gaikwad defeat s h im at Sauri,Feb . 6

, and agai n at Kapadvanj ,March 2 5. He flees to Ujjai n .

Jan. 3 The Sasn i garr i son makes a sal ly on Col . Blai r’s force,

bu t is dr iven back . Jan. 1 4 : he un success fu l ly attack s the fort .

Jan. 3 1 : Lord Lake j o i n s the bes iegers . Feb . 8 : the town i s

taken , and Feb . 1 1 : Fort Sasn i evacuated,and Raja Bhagwant

S i ngh flees to B ijaigarh, wh ich surrendered Feb . 2 8 .

March 1 Col . Col l i n s proposes to S i nd ia at Burhanpur to be

party to an al l iance s im i lar to that concluded wi th the Peshwa

at Basse i n bu t S i nd ia,i n agreemen t w i th Perron

,postpones a

dec is ive reply .

March : Capt . Knox, ambassador at Khatmandu,wi thdraws

from Nepal i n con sequence of th e avers ion of the Gurkha Govern

men t to his presence , and evas i on of the term s of t reaty .

March 1 2 The Zam i ndar of Kachaura, after con ti nued res i s t

ance, su rrenders h i s fort .

March 2 5 The Haidarabad andMadras arm ies, under General

Wel lesley,move on Poona for the re in statemen t of Bajirav as

Peshwa. A pr i l 2 0 General Wel les ley reaches Poona, andMay 1 3,

i n vests the Peshwa . Effort s are made to conci l iate Holkar, who

ret i res to Malwa .

J u ne 3 : S ind ia recei ves an u l t imatum from the GovernorGeneral , i n t imat i ng that ( 1 ) a march on Poona wou ld be equival en t to a declarat i on of war; ( 2 ) an attack on the N izam wou ld

be repel led ; (3) that the Governor-General was prepared e i therto i nclude S i nd ia i n the treaty of Bassei n , or to conclude a

separate al l iance w i th h im .

June 4-6 Di stu rbances b reak ou t i n A fghan i stan between the

Sunn i s,under Sher Muhammad Khan

,and the Sh i‘as, under

Mahm t'

id Khan . July : The Am i r and h i s fact ion are d r iven to

MARQU IS WELLESLEY . 283

the h i l l s . July 1 5 : Fath i Khan Barukhzai defeated, Shuja M irza,son of Taimt

‘

ir Shah , proclaimed Am i r, wi th Sher Muhammad

Khan as pr ime m in i ster. Shuja’

s haugh ty demeanour al i enate s

many of his subj ec ts .

Ju ly 4 : Maj or A rthur Wel les ley i n terv iews S i nd ia and th e

Raja of Berar,both of whom refuse defin i te al l iance, propos ing

to depar t i f the Governor-General’s army were d i sbanded . Aug . 3

Col . Col l i n s qu i t s th e camp at Burhanpu r, th i s be ing tan tamoun t

to a declarat ion of war.

Aug. 6 : Nizam ‘A l i d ies at Haidarabad . Hi s son, M i rza

S ikandar Jah,succeeds to the Sabah of the Dekhan .

Aug . 1 2 : A hmadnagar is captured and occupied by General

Wel les ley.

Aug. 2 8 General Lake defeats Sindia’

s force,under M . Perron ,

at Koil , near A l igarh , and M . Perron leaves D aulatrav S india’

s

service and re t i res to France . Sept . 2 a force of Mara thas, under

M . Fleury,at tacks the Br i t i sh can tonmen t at Sh ikohabad , and,

after a repu l se,the garr i son cap i tu lates on cond i t i on of not serving

agai n s t S i nd ia.

Aug. 2 9 : The Bombay army, under L i eu t . Wood ington , take

Baroda. Sept . 1 7 : Pawangadh taken .

Sept . 4 : Al igarh fort i s s tormed by Col . Monson . Sep t . 1 1

Lake’s army,proceed ing to Deh l i

,i s at tacked at Jeha Mala,

6 m iles from Dehl i,by M . Lou i s Berquien wi th a large force,

who i s defeated w i th great l oss, after wh ich M . Berquien gives

h imsel f up as a pri soner . Sept . 1 4 : General Lake en ters Deh l i at

the i nv i tat i on of Shah ‘Alam .

Sept . 1 1 : Pond icher i and the o ther French set t lemen ts are

agai n se i zed .

Sept . 1 4 : The Madras army,under L i eu t .—Col . Harcourt, take

Manikpatam ; 1 8th, en ter P uri w i thou t oppos i t ion . Sep t . 2 1

Balasor occupi ed by Capt . Morgan . Oct . 3 : Surang surrenders .

Oc t . 1 0 : Katak taken . By the conquest of Barabati, Oct . 1 4,

CO1. Harcourt completes the conque st of O r i ssa. Nov . 2 : Barmal

Pas s i s forced by Maj or Forbes,and the Marathas completely broken .

Sept . 30 : L i eu t .—Col . Guth ri e, hemmed i n at Ti tiya fort i n

Bundelkhand,sends to CO1. Dal s ton for ass i s tance, who, on

arr iv i ng, obl iges the Marathas to evacuate the fort .

THE CH RONOLOGY OF I NDIA

Sept . 2 3 : Bat t l e of Asai,i n wh ich General Wel les ley

,wi th

only men,at tacks the arm ies of S i ndia and Raghoji Bhonsla

of men of al l arm s,and gai n s a complete v ictory , though

los ing one-th i rd of his force i n k i l led and wounded , the en emy’s

loss bei ng abou t men .

Oc t . 1 5 : Burhanpur i s taken by General Wel lesl ey ; 2 i st,

Asi rgarh taken .

Oct . Gosai n Himmat Bahadur,wi th a cons iderable force,

offers his serv ices to the Br i t i sh , and j oi n s Co l . Powel l , ai d i ng

i n subdui ng th e prov ince of Bundelkhand , wh ich i s severed from

the Maratha dom in i on .

Oct . 1 8 : Agra fort cap i tulates to General Lake after a ten

days’ s i ege .

Nov. 1 A t Laswari (properly Naswari ) Raja Ambaj i proceedsto take command of M . Perron’s army, wi th seven teen battal ion sof i n fan try and caval ry wi th art i l l ery . General Lake

,i n

a hard ly con tes ted bat t l e, w i th less than caval ry i n themorn i ng, ai ded i n the afternoon by h i s i n fan try , gai n s a deci s i ve

v ictory . A ll S india’

s possess ion s north of th e Chambal come

under the Bri t i sh power.

Nov . 1 : Bhimsingh of Jodhpur d ies, and i s succeeded by

Mansi ngh , a cous in,t i l l 1 843. Feud for Kri sh na Kumari ,

the Udaypur pr i nces s .

Nov . 2 3 A truce is gran ted by Wel lesley to D aulatrav S i nd ia

on cond i t i on that he shou ld remai n 2 0 AU: eas t of E l ichpur ; he

does not ob serve the term s .

Nov . 2 9 : At Argaon,i n a dec i s ive bat t le, Col . Steven son

’s

column,coo perat i ng wi th General Wel l esl ey, at tack the army

of S i nd ia and Raghoji Bhonsla, i n whi ch the Marathas su ffer

great l o ss .

Dec . 1 5 : Gawi lgadh fort,escaladed by Capt . Campbel l ,

capi tulate s .

Dec . 1 7 : By the treaty o f Deogaon i t is agreed that Raghoj i

Bhonsla should gi ve up Katak , i ncl ud i ng Balasor, wi th terr i tory

and shares of the revenue wes t of the Warda, the fort s o f Gawi l

gadh and Narnala to be retai n ed by Raghoji, al l di fferencesbetween the N izam

,Peshwa

,and Ragh0 j i to be arb i trated by the

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2 86 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA.

Feb . 6 : A treaty of fr iendsh ip concluded by CO1 . Bai l l i e wi th

Shivrav Bhau , Sahabdar of Jhans i .

Feb . S i r James Mac i n tosh,Recorder of Bombay, t i l l Nov . 1 8 1 1 .

Feb . 2 7 By the t reaty of Burhanpu r S i nd ia agrees to become

a party to the defen s i ve al l iance concluded at Surji Anjangaon ,and accepts a subs id iary force of i n fan try wi th thei r

ar t i l l ery .

March 1 5 : A treaty i s en tered i n to wi th Rao Raja Parikshit

of D atiya, accord ing to the usual term s of protect i on .

Apri l 1 6 : The Governor-General , after several remon strances,declares war on Holkar, and on Apri l 2 3 C0 1. Monson dri ves

Holkar sou th from Jaypu r .

A pr i l 2 8 By the part i t i on t reaty of Haidarabad , S ikandar Jah ,Nizam of the Dekhan , rece ives the cess ion of the terr i tor ies con

quered from S ind ia and the Raja of Berar .

May 1 4 : Sa‘far 3, H . 1 2 1 9 . The treaty of Poona concluded

between th e B ri t i sh Government and the Peshwa for the part i t i on

of the ter ri tor ies conquered from the Raja of B erar and S ind ia.

May 1 6 A detachment of Lake’s army, under L i eu t .—Col . Don ,s torm s and takes the fort of Tonk-Rampura. May 2 2 i n

B undelkhand a detachmen t o f B ri t i sh S ipahis i s cu t off by Am i r

Khan,who i s

,however

,at tacked and routed at Kalpi by a party

of horse .

J uly 2 H inglajgarh fortres s, i n Cen tral I nd ia, taken by a

detachmen t under Maj or S i nclai r,bu t Monson

,for wan t o f suppl ies

and the h eavy rai n s, i s obl iged to retreat . Bapuji S i nd ia, wi th adetachmen t sen t by D aulatrav, deserts to Yashwant Holkar. Ju ly

1 0 : Mori son reaches Mukandwara Pass , where Holkar summon s

h im to surrender ; re fu sed , he attack s the force,but i s repel led .

Ju ly 1 5 : Monson abandon s h i s gun s ; reaches Rampura, 2 7th to

2 9th. Aug. 1 4 : i s re i n forced,andAug . 2 2 , leaves , and i s at tacked

on Aug . 2 4, i n cross i ng the Banas , when h e abandon s the baggage

and flees to Khushalgarh , thence to H i ndaun , and,Aug. 3 1 ,

reaches Agra.

Aug. 24 : CO1. Murray, wi th th e Gujarat army, takes Indor,Holkar

’

s capi tal i n Malwa.

Sept . The Raja of Khurdha i n O r i s sa rebel s and ravages P ip lid istr i c t . The rebel s hol d ou t at th e fo rt o f Khurdha t i l l November.

MARQU I S WELLESLEY . 2 87

The Dutch sett l emen t at Palakol , Godavari d istr i c t, transferred

to the Engl i sh .

Sept . Holkar takes posses s i on of Mathura. General Lake

marches from Cawnpore to A gra ; 2 2 nd : assembles h i s army atS ikandara. Oct . 1 : marched toward s Mathura

,from wh ich Holkar

wi thdrew .

Oc t . 8 : Holkar at tacks Deh l i u nexpectedly w i th an army of

men ; after a si ege of n i n e days he is repul sed by theefforts of Lieu t .-Cols . Burn and Ochterlony. Oct . 1 8 : General

Lake dr ives Holkar to Bharatpu r.

Oc t. 8 : Lasalgaon fort,i n Nas ik di s tr i c t

,after a desperate

resi s tance, i s taken by a detachmen t o f Col . Wal lace’s force from

Farukhabad . 1 2 th Chandor taken ; 1 4th D hurb taken ; 2 sth

Galna taken, complet i ng the reduct ion of Holkar’s possess ion s i n

the Dekhan .

Nov . 1 3 : Maj or-General H . Frazer at tacks Holkar’

s i n fantry

and ar ti l l e ry between D ig and Govardhan , and i n a severe act ion

defeats th em and takes e igh ty-seven gun s . General Frazer mortal ly

wounded . Nov . 1 7 : General Lake over takes and su rpr i ses Holkar

wi th h i s caval ry at Farukhabad , and defeat s them wi th great

s laugh ter .

Dec . 1 3 : Lake lays s i ege to D ig, to wh i ch Holkar and h i s

force had fled . Dec. 2 3 D ig i s s tormed and taken by n igh t, andthe fort evacuated next n igh t . D ig belonged to Ranj i t S i ngh ,Raja of Bharatpu r, who had been spec ial ly favoured by the Bri t i shi n Dec . 1 80 3, yet h i s troops opened fi re on General Frazer’s troops

on Nov . 1 3.

Baj 1rav, refu s ingpersonal i n tercourse w i th the Br i t i sh Res iden t

at Poona, appoin t s Sadashiv Bhau Mankeshwar to conduct

negot iat i on s .

Umed Rao of Brandi d ies . H is grandson,B i shen S ingh

,

succeeds .

1 80 5 Jan. 2 Lord Lake begin s the s iege of Bharatpu r where

Holkarhad found protect ion . I nsuffic ien t forces and gun s render

four assaul t s u nsuccessful .

A pr i l 2 : Am i r Khan , an officer of Holkar’

s,i s beaten by

Lake near Bharatpu r .

2 88 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA .

Apri l 1 0 : Raja Ranj i t S ingh of Bharatpur proposes terms, and

agrees to pay, by i n s talments , a fine of twenty lakh s of rupees

and cede back to the Company the add i t ional terr i tories grantedto h im i n 1 80 3, del iver ing up h i s son as a hostage . The army

leaves,Apri l 2 1 .

Apri l 1 1 Holkar, 1 4th , Bapuj i S india, and 1 5th , Am i r Khan

j o i n D haulatrav S india’

s camp at Wer, sou th -wes t of BharatpurS i nd ia had marched th i ther wi th a large army . 2 8th : the ch iefs

re t i re before Lake’s army to Kota, and i n J une toward s Ajm ir.

Apri l : Shah Shuj a‘of Afghan i s tan marches to Peshawar,for

th e conques t of Kashm i r, bu t i s recal l ed by Barukhzai rebel l ion s .

Apr i l 2 1 : By a treaty wi th Baroda, th e aux i l iary force there

i s made permanen t, and certai n terr i tor ies as signed to the Company

for i ts mai n tenance .

May 6 : The Raja of Travankor s igns a t reaty acced ing to the

request of the B ri t i sh Governmen t for an add it i onal regimen t .The subsidy payable by the Raja i s even tual ly fixed at e igh t

lakh s of rupees per annum .

LORD CORNWA LLI S—SECOND VICEROYALTY.

Ju ly 30 : Lord Cornwal l i s arr ives at Cal cu t ta as Governor

General,and he begi n s to reverse the

“ forward ” pol icy o f LordWel lesley

, and i n pursuance of the new cou rse, the al l iance w i th

the Raja of Jaypur i s ordered to be annul led .

Sept . Holkar moves from A jm ir to the Panjab . Lord Lake

stat i ons th ree forces of i n fan t ry to check his movemen ts,and

wi th the caval ry proceeds from Mathu ra to pursue Holkar’s march .

Sept. 1 9 Lord Lake rece ives i n struc t i on s to abandon the Raj pu t

s tates , bu t delays act i ng upon the i n s t ruc t i ons .

S IR GEORGE H . BARLOW—ACTING GOVERNORGENERAL .

Oct . 5 The Marqu i s Cornwal l i s d ies at Ghazipur . S i r GeorgeBarl ow,

sen ior member of Counci l , ac t s t i l l J uly 3 1 , 1 80 7.

Nov . 2 3 : A new treaty, under the immed iate d i rect i on ofLord Lake

,concluded wi th S i nd ia, i n wh ich the lat ter, renounc ing

al l c laim to tr ibu te from Brand i , i s confi rm ed i n the sovereign ty

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2 90 TI I E CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA .

Nov . 1 9 : Ramazan 7, H . 1 2 2 1 . Shah ‘A lam dies . H is son ,A bul -Nasr Mu‘i n -uddi n Muhammad , succeeds as Akbar I I .

,as

t i tu lar emperor, t i l l Sep t . 1 837.

Am i r Khan of Tonk en ters the servi ce o f Jagat S ingh of

Jaypur,bu t is then won over to Jodhpu r.

Nov . 3 : Lord Wm . Bent i nck,Governor of Madras, hav ing

charged R ev. Dr R . H . Kerr, sen i or chaplai n , to i nqu i re i n tothe s tate of the nat i ve Chr i st ian s i n Coch i n and Travankor, DrKerr reports—on th e S t Thome or Jacob i te Chr i s t ians u s i ng th eSyriac language i n the i r serv ice

,and then under Mar Dionys i us as

metropol i tan ; th e Syrian R oman Cathol ic s,usi ng Syriac, but

under the Archbi shop of Kranganor and B i shop of V irappol i ;and Lat i n Roman Cathol ics under the primacy of the Archbi shop of G oa. Nov . 2 4 : Dr Claud ius Buchanan , patron i sed

by the Marqui s Wel les ley,al so v i s i t s the Syr ian churches i n

Travankor, andmeets MarDionys iu s . He col lects important MSS .

Jan. 2 9 : The Raja of Mai su r en ters i n to a treaty for the

mai n tenance of a body of 40 0 horse .

Ranj i t S i ngh makes encroachments on ci s-Satlaj terri tory .

Feb . The Rajas of Jaypu r and Jodhpu r con tend for the hand

of the Udaypu r pr i ncess, Kri shna Kumari , when Man S ingh ofJodhpu r defeats the Jaypur Raja

,Jagat S ingh . Her father po i son s

Kr i shna .

Yashwant (Jaswant) Rav Holkar becomes in sane, and makes

extravagan t m i l i tary preparat i on s .

May 30 : Bernardo José de Lorena, Conde de Sarzedas,succeeds Franci sco Anton io da Veiga Cabral as Viceroy and

Cap tai n -General o f Portuguese I nd ia.

G . ELL IOT, EARL OF MINTO .

J une 2 0 : Earl of M into, Governor—General i n succes s ion toS i r G . Barlow, arr i ves at Madras

,where he gi ves ass i s tance i n

determ i n ing the d i sposal o f th e Vel lor pri soners . Ju ly 3 1 : heen ters office at Calcu t ta, t i l l Oct . 1 8 1 3.

July 2 4 : M i rza Jahangi r, the Emperor A kbar’

s th i rd son,

causes alarm i n the palace at Deh l i by h i s armed guards . The

G . ELL IOT. 29 1

Company’s S ipahis take possess ion of the gates, and after a

sk i rm i sh d i sperse th e guard s, and M i rza Jahangi r i s sen t a s tatepr i soner to Al lahabad .

Oct. The t r ibu te i n Kathiawad due to the Gaikwad i s l ev iedby a mil i tary detachment under Col . Wal ker . The Talukdars

engage to pay a fixed tr ibu te to the i r overlord s, to keep the

peace toward each other, and to mai n tai n order with i n the i rown l im i ts . The ev i l s o f the malkgz

'

rz’

system are thu s averted .

Col . Walker form s engagements wi th 1 53 s tates .

Sept . 1 1 : Lord Wi l l iam Bent i nck recal led by the Di rec torsas part ly respon s ib le for the Vel lor mut i ny . M r Wi ll iam Petri e

becomes ac t i ng governor .

Oct . 2 0 : S i r Edward Pel lew l eaves Madras w i th an exped i t i on

for Gres i k i n Java. Dec . 5 : on h i s arr ival h e destroys the fortsand bat ter ies, and burn s th ree cru i sers .

Col . John Bai l l i e,pol i t ical agen t i n Bundelkhand

,succeeds i n

establ i sh i ng Bri t i sh author i ty there and transferr i ng to the E LCo . large and val uable tracts of land .

Nov . 1 9 : Maj or-General Di ckens,havi ng i nves ted Kamona

,

the for t o f “the rebe l D findi Khan , i n Bulandshahar d i stri c t,

attempts to s torm i t,bu t l oses severe ly . Nov . 24 : th e for t i s

evacuated,and D i

'

indi Khan makes his escape.

Burmese i n tr igues wi th the nat ives o f I nd ia are en tered upon .

A m i s s i on,osten s ibly for th e acqu i s i t i on of books , proceeds to

Benares .Dec . 2 4 : S i r George H ilaro Bar low succeeds Mr Wi l l iam

Petr ie,ac t i ngGovern or of Madras

,t i l l May 2 1 , 1 8 1 3.

Appa Desai N ipanikar, des i r i ng to es tab l i sh h i s supremacy i n

Sawantwadi, wi th the concu rrence of Lakshm ibai,widow of

Khem Sawant, and of Phond Sawant, the nex t he i r, causes the

young pr i nce to be strangled .

Feb . 2 2 Col . Montresor marches agai n s t Raja Mah i pat Ram,

a min i ster and late favouri te of S i kandar Jah , the N i z am , now

i n revol t . The Raja i s pursued from Shahpt‘

ir to Berar, and thence

to I ndor,where mos t of h is fol lowers desert . Mahi pat Ram i s

assassi nated i n camp by the party of Tulsi bai , Holkar’

s wife .

March 3 : Sher Muhammad Khan , hav i ng proclai med the Shah

Shaja"s nephew ki ng, is defeated and s lai n by Shah Shuj a‘on

2 9 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I NDIA .

Peshawar plai n . Later, Mahin i'

td Shah , who had taken Qandahar,i s defeated there .

Apri l : S i r Harford J ones arri ves at Bombay to proceed w i ththe Company’s agen t

,S i r Joh n Mal colm

,on an embassy to Pers ia.

The lat ter, however, had l eft . French i nfluence rendered theseembas sies unproduc t i ve .

S i r George Barlow i n s ti tu tes a tr ial o f Mr Sherson,a c iv i l

servan t, and Mr Sm i th , on a charge of fraud . They are suspended ,bu t acqu i t ted and re s tored to office .

May 3 : Shahu Raja of Sa tara d ies . His son,Pratap S ingh

,

succeeds .

J u ly 1 8 : Capt . Seton,on the part Of th e Bombay Govern

men t,concludes an offens ive and defen s i ve al l iance w i th Ghu lam

‘A li of S i ndh . Th is the Bengal Counc i l refuses to rat i fy,and

sends Mr N . H . Sm i th to make new negot iat ions .

Aug. A miss ion to Lahor is conducted by Mr Metcal fe tosecu re the concurrence of Ranj i t S i ngh . Sep t . , boundary quest ions cause Ranj i t to break up camp . A further meet ing at

Amri t sar produces no resu l ts .

Oc t . 1 3 : Mountstuar t Elph i n stone leaves Deh l i on an

embassy to Kabul, i n v i ew of the des ign s of France and Russ ia

upon I nd ia.

The Garkha Governor of Morung se izes the aamz‘

rza’

arz'

of

Bh imnagar, on the fron t i er of Puraniya.

The S ikh s of Sarhind send a deputat i on to beg the pro tect ion

of the Br i t i sh Governmen t agai n s t Ranj i t S i ngh .

A “ Carnat i c Comm iss ion ” i s appoi n ted to i nqu i re i n to the

genu i neness of bonds, i n posses s ion o f c i t i zen s, left by the late

Nawab of th e Karna tak . Redd i Rao,late accoun tan t, t r i ed th ree

t imes,poi son s h imsel f

,and i s found to be deep ly impl icated i n

the i ssue of fabricated secu r i t i e s .

The Raja of Travankor is suddenly cal led on to d i sm i ss h i s

Karnatak Brigade i n order to pay arrears of tribute, appeal s toMadras and Bengal . I nc i ted by the D iwan and ass i s ted by the

Coch i n D iwan,the res iden t’s house i n Coch i n i s surrounded by

the Nayars, Dec . 2 8,and the res iden t, Col . Macau lay, obl iged to

fl ee to a vessel . Dec . 30 : t roops arr ive from Malabar u nderCol . Chambers

,and near South Kol lam (Qui lon ) ; the i n surgen t

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2 94 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

from his pos t as Commander-in-Chief of Madras . Maj or Boles

suspended for havi ng c i rcu lated the order censu ri ng h i s Q .M.G .

Feb. The mot ion carr i ed i n th e House of Common s toappoi n t a comm ittee to i nqu i re i n to the ex i stence of corrup tpract ices i n the d i stri but i on of pat ronage i n the Court of Directors

o f the E L Co .

Feb . 1 1 Col . Martindel l proceeds agai n s t Lakshman Dawa,a turbulen t ch ief hold ing ou t at Ajaygarh. Feb . 1 3 : the corn

mander surrenders th e fort , and Lakshman , who escaped for themomen t

,gave h im self up , and i s al l owed to remai n on parole at

Naushahr . He d ied i n 1 8 2 8.

March 5 Mounts tuart E lph in ston e reaches Peshawar,and

con fers w i th Shah Shuja‘. An al l iance agai ns t a poss ib le Franco

Pers ian i nvas i on i s no t real i sed , the envoy not be i ng author i sed

to offer assi s tance agai n s t Shah Shuia’s i mmed iate enem ies .

May 1 The Madras Governmen t by ageneral order suspend sor supersedes a number of command i ng officers who had

di sapproved of the act ion s of Government i n connec t i on wi ththe Ten t Con trac t abol i t i on

,among whom were Col s . St Leger

,

Chalmers,and Cuppage. The officers o f the regiments at Jalna

and Haidarabad u rge the res t orat i on of the removed officers .

Ju ly : the European reg imen t at Masu l ipatam mu t i n ie s . Aug.

the Seri ngapatam officers occupy the fort, and se i ze the pub l i ct reasu re . Those of Ch i taldu rg had al so se i zed the m i l i tary

t reasu re,and marched toward s Seri ngapatam ,

but,Aug . 1 1

,are

di spersed by CO1. Gibbs and h i s dragoons .

May 6 : A treaty i s concluded between the E L Co . and th e

Raja of Coch i n .

June : A Bri t i sh de tachmen t sen t to Bh i'

innagar w i th orders

to reduce the zam indari . The Gurkhas evacuate the lands

i n 1 8 1 0 .

June 1 7 : Treaty between the B ri t i sh Governmen t and t he

Shah Of Kabul .

June : An exped i t i on leaves Madras for the protec t ive occupat i on of Macao . Sept . 1 1 the Portuguese res i s t, but the Engl i sh

adm iral,havi ng the G oa Viceroy’s sanct ion , lands . The Chi nese

Viceroy now refuses protec t i on agai n s t the French , and on

Dec . 2 3 th e Madras d iv i s i on , wi th a detachmen t from Bengal,re-emb ark s and re tu rn s to I ndia.

G . ELL IOT,EA RL OF M INTO . 29 5

June V iraraja of Kurg d ies . D evamaji i s recogn i sed as Ran i ,bu t a few mon th s after i s deposed by Lingaraja, brother ofV iraraja.

Aug. 1 1 The Hai darabad offi cers addres s a pen i ten t ial l etterto Lord Mi n to, and from the i r example the other mut in ou s officerssubm i t by A ug. 2 3, and s ign the

“ Declaratory Test of Al legiance,”

wi th reference to the “ Tent Contrac t ” agi tat ion .

Aug . 2 2 A treaty i s conc luded wi th the Bri t i sh Governmentby th e survivi ng brothers o f the S indh Haidarabad family, providing for the exc lu s ion of the French from S i ndh .

Aug . 2 9 : Reduct ion of the fort of Bhawan i i n Har iana,the

ch ief of wh ich had plu ndered a Bri t i sh set t lemen t .

Sept . 1 1 : Lord Min to arr i ves at Madras,and on Sept . 2 5

i s sues an order reprobat i ng the officers’ conduct

,and i n the pro

ceedings wh ich fo l lowed ; four officers are cash iered and th e res toffered the al ternat ive o f cour t-mar t ial or d i sm i ssal . For thei r

example, those of Haidarabad were pardoned .

Muhammad ‘Azim Khan,Governor of Kashm i r, wrests h i s

prov i nce from Kabu l .

Aug . 4 : Rodriguez i s land occupied by C0 1. Keat i ng as a

base for the conquest of the “ French I s lands .

Oct . Threatened by an i ncu rs ion of Muhammadan fanat i cs ,Diwan Hansraj of Mandvi seeks pro tect i on from the Br i t i shGovernmen t

,engaging

,Oct . 2 8

,t o pay the expen ses of the m i l i tary

ass i s tance,and s i x annas per rupee of revenue .

The Raja of Tehri sol i c i t s adm iss ion among the protected

al l i es of th e B ri t i sh . Th is appl icat i on is not en tertai ned,i n v i ew

of the pol icy of non- i n tervent ion .

Oct . Am i r Khan of Tonk, pretend ing to act for Holkar

i nvades Berar ; a force under Col . Close marche s agai n s t h im,

bu t Sad iq ‘A l i,the Berar general , approached h im at Jabalpu r

,

and,h i s Pendhari al l i es not hav ing rej o i ned afte r the rai n s

,Am i r

Khan ret reated towards Bhopal . Nov . 1 7 : Sad iq‘A l i fol low ing

h im infl icts a severe defeat on h im at Jabra Gha t . Joi ned byVazi r Muhammad and the Pendhari s

,Am i r Khan fol lows Sad iq

‘A li back to Chauragarh, where he was severely defeated , and

re t i red agai n i n to Bhopal , and, Dec . 1,Col . Close had arri ved at

Amaravati .

2 96 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

Nov . 1 2 : Ras al Khima occup ied by a Bombay force sent

for the suppress ion o f p i racy on the Pers ian Gul f. Nov . 1 3

at Sh i nas a de term i ned res i s tance i s made,bu t safety to commerce

i n the gul f i s secured .

Nov . Gopal S ingh , usurper o f Raja Chatrasal’

s lands, repul sesthe B ri t i sh force u nder Cap t . Wi lson

,and plunders Tiroha.

Nov . 1 9 he sustai n s a reverse at Bhamori,and agai n at K i l leri .

The provmce of Har iana se t t led by the assi s tant Deh l iRes iden t

,the Hon . E . Gardner

,who i s res i s ted at Bh iwan i by

the Bhat t i ch ief,Khan Bahadur . Aug. 2 7 Bh iwan i bes ieged

,and

s tormed,Aug . 2 9 , by CO1. Bal l .

Ambaji I ngl ia dies . D aulatrav S ind ia reduces h i s terr i tory

i n Gohad .

Feb . 1 7 : A smal l exped i t i on from Madras captures Amboyna

from the Dutch governor,who was shot i n Java by order o f

Marshal d’

A endels, th e governor act ing for Napoleon . Thi s

captu re is fol lowed by o thers .

Feb . 2 7 : Ram S i ngh of Raj pi pla i nves ts h i s repu ted son,

Pratap S ingh,wi th the governmen t by a sanaa

’ wh ich the Bombay

Governmen t prom i se to guaran tee ; bu t i n consequence of the

death of Ram Singh the guarantee i s not affixed .

March 1 1 : The Raja of Mandvi i s re i n s tated i n office by aBri t i sh force . I n con siderat ion of the exhausted s tate of thecoun t ry

,the Raja i s re leased from th e expenses o f the expedi t i on .

as wel l as h i s arrears of t r ibu te .

May : S i r Samuel Auchmuty arri ves at Madras as Commanderin-Ch ief.

June : Si r Joh n Mal colm reaches Teheran on h i s second

embassy,but s imul taneously S i r Gore Ouseley arr i ves from

London as King’s Envoy to Fath ‘A li Shah .

June 2 3 The Duncan Dock,Bombay

,i s comple ted .

J une 2 6 Gopal S i ngh is surp ri sed and defeated by Col . Brownat the D howani Pass. Sep t . 7 : Capt . Wat son carr i es the fortof Kshirgaon . Later Gopal S ingh tendered subm iss i on

,

and was gran ted a jagi r i n the Panwari d istr ict .

June 2 9 : Shah Shuj a‘defeated at Nim la by Mahm t'

id Shah

h i s b ro ther,and, dr iven from Afghan i s tan , becomes a Bri t i sh

pen s ioner at Ludh iana.

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THE CHRONOLOGY OF I NDIA.

The Peshwa makes exten s ive clai m s on the Sou thern Maratha

j agi ra’

ars, who appeal to the B ri t i sh . The lat ter enforce the

serv ice of troops,but adv i se the Peshwa to guaran tee them i n

the i r lands .

Cap t . Cann i ng, on an embassy to A va, regard i ng an at tack of

the A rakanese on the B urmese conquerors of Arakan , is orderedto be detai ned as a hos tage for the del ivery of the rebe ls . Capt .

Cann ing bei ng on board a man-of-war, escapes . He left R angt‘

m ,

Sept 1 8 1 2 .

For the Suppres s ion of p i racy,and to afford harbour for vessel s,

Malwan i s secured to the B ri t i s h from the Peshwa . Oct . th e

Desa i of Sawantwadi makes over V ingorla, and agrees to al l ow

free t rade w i th Br i tai n , bu t on h i s death , h i s w idow, D urgabai ,disregards the treaty and sus tai n s a con t i nuou s warfare t i l l 1 8 1 9 .

Oct . 2 0 : Jaswantrav Holkar d ies i n san e . Malharrav, a boy

of fou r,adopted by Tulsibai

,succeeds u nder her regency at I ndor.

Kri shna Raja of Mai su r proclaim s h imsel f i ndependen t ruler,d i sm i sses Purnaiya, h i s m in i ster, bu t proves i ncompeten t .

I n con sequence of Gurkha se i zu res i n Bhotwal and Bettiya,the fi r st sk i rm i sh between Nepal ese and Bri t i sh t roops occurs .Encroachmen ts tak ing place along th e fron t ier, an i nvest igat i on

commenced by comm i ss i oners,j o i n tly chosen , resu l ts in favour o f

the Br i t i sh,who pos t detachmen ts al ong the fron t i er. These

be i ng w i thdrawn i n the rai ny season, th e Nepal ese make at tack s

on the s tat ion s,i nfl i c t i ng much loss .

Nov . 6 : S i r Alexander Ans tru th er appoi n ted Recorder at

Bombay —d ied J uly 1 6,1 8 1 9 .

Thomas Mann i ng reaches Lhasa by Rang pu r, Bhu tan , and

Parijong—th e fi rs t Engl i shman to en ter Lhasa. Apri l 1 2,1 8 1 2

l eft u nder orders from Pek in .

The Pendhari s come i n to prom i nence abou t th i s t ime ; th ey

were bod ies o f freebooters,who had occas i onal ly been i n the h i re

o f Maratha ch iefs,to whom th ey paid a sort of turbulen t obed i ence .

Jan . A large body of Pendhari s penetrate s i n to Bundelkhand

and Rewa, destroys v i l lages under Bri t i sh pro tect i on , and menaces

M i rzapu r .

Jan. 1 9 : Kal i nj ar fort i nves ted byCol . Martindel l—the K i l ladar,

Darya S ingh Chaub é , confi rmed i n i t s occupancy , Dec . 8,1 80 6

,

G . ELL IOT,EARL OF M I NTO . 2 99

havi ng proved con tumac i ous . The assau l t,though unsuccessfu l

,

leads to a su rrender on Feb . 1 . The fort was d ismantled,1 866 .

March 2 8 : Purnaya, the aged m i n i s ter at Mai su r,d ies .

Flat terers and paras i te s now consume the revenues .

Apri l 2 : For consp i r i ng wi th Jam Jesaji of Nawanagar to

secure his own elevat i on to the Baroda s tate,Kanhoji Gaikwad

i s arrested he i s afterwards rem oved to Madras .

A pr i l 1 2 : Raja S ivaj i o f Kolhapu r d ies . His elder son,

Sambhu or A ba Sah ib, succeed s .

J une : An appl icat ion for the loan of two and a hal f m i l l ions to

the E L Co . i s compl i ed w i th by the House of Commons .

The Raja of A lwar sei zes th e forts of Dhob i and S ikrawa,

re fus i ng to restore them t i l l compel led by an arm ed force .

July 1 6 : An engagement made between the E L Co . and the

Raja of Machari or A lwar,defin i ng the t reaty of Nov. 1 4, 1 80 3.

Ju ly—Aug. M r Elph i n stone, i n the name of the Br i t i sh Govern

men t and on behal f of th e Peshwa, en ters i n to agreement s w i ththe Sou thern Maratha j agz

'

ra’

ars of the Patwardhan fam ily forthei r protect i on . Thi s i s commonly cal l ed “ The Agreement of

Pandharpur .”

A ug. 1 2 : S i r Evan Nepean , Bart . , landed at Bombay as

Governor,t i l l Nov . 1

,1 8 1 9 .

Sept . Capt . Cann i ng, Res iden t at Rangi‘

i n, escapes from

the at tempted arrest by the King of Burma.

Oct . 1 The Raja of Kolhapur S ign s a t reaty by which , for the

cessi o n of certai n fort s, he i s guaran teed agai n s t the aggress i on

of foreign powers . He engages to abs tai n from host i l i t i es wi th

other s tates, and to refer al l d isputes wi th external powers to the

arb i trat i on of the Company’s Governmen t .

Oct . 3 : PhondSawant of Sawantwadi concludes an agreement

w i th the Company for the suppress i on of p i racy . He cedes

V ingorla, and the bat tery of Gunaramo Tembe, and prom i ses to

cede Rari and N ivti should fur ther p i rac i e s be comm i t ted . Al lvessel s l eavi ng N ivti t o be l iable to search by the Bri t i sh

au thor i t i es .

Oct . The Pendhari s hav i ng en tered Rewa wi th the Raja’s

con n ivance,and penet rated to M irzapur , Jaysingh Dev o f Rewa

agrees to a treaty w i th the Bri t i sh Government, by wh ich , i n ret urn

300 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA .

for recogn i t ion of h i s rank and t i t le, he wi l l re fer al l d i sputes w i th

ne ighbour ing states to B ri t i sh arbi t rat ion .

The ch iefs of Mah i Kanta b i nd themselves to pay th eG aikwad

’

s dues on the average of what had been col lected duri ngthe last ten years .

The Rawal of Banswara offers to become tr ibutary t o the

Bri t i sh Governmen t i n retu rn for aid i n expel l i ng the arm ies o f

S ind ia and Holkar, bu t no arrangemen t was made t i l l 1 8 1 8 .

Fi ruz Khan , Diwan of Pahlanpur, murdered by a fac t i on ofS i ndh Jamadars

,who se ize his young son

,Fath Khan

, and placeShamsher Khan

,his u ncle , i n power . Through the I nd ian

Governmen t Fath Khan was recogn i sed as hei r,Dec . 1 8 1 3.

Dec . B ikramaj it Mahendar of Urchha concludes a t reaty for

aid agai n s t th e Pendhari s.

The Peshwa form s a brigade of i n fantry officered by B ri t i sh

sold iers, wi th Capt . John Ford as commandant .

KusrUJ i Modh i , bei ng requ ired to res ign his post at the

res idency , or h i s governorsh i p of the Maratha Karna tak , he

gi ves up the lat ter, and i s replaced by Tri inbakji Dengl in.

Kusruji has afterward s to leave Poona, but d ies of po i son .

June 2 : Jaysingh Dev, Raja of Rewa, hav i ng attempted to

s tarve ou t a m i li tary force pos ted i i h i s s tate,i s about t o be

attacked by an exped i t i on sen t to compel fu lfi lmen t of the term s

of t reaty o f 1 8 1 2 ; he en ters on a new t reaty confi rm ing th e

prev ious st ipu lat i on s, and engaging to pay the expen ses of mil i tary

Operat i on s . He al so abd icates i n favou r o f h i s son,B i sh nath

S i ngh .

D urgabai , regen t at Sawantwadi, se izes Bharatgarh and Nar

sinhgarh, two for t s under Bri t i sh p rotec t i on . Sawantwadi is'

de

clared to be i n a s tate of war, and i n ternal anarchy prevai l s .

J une 4 The Governor-General i n a le tter to the Raja of Nepal

demands red ress for depredat i on s o f the Nepalese .

J u ly 2 1 : By Act of Parl iamen t (53 Geo . I I I .,e. the

Company ’s pri vi leges are renewed for twen ty years . Terr i torial

and commerc ial affai rs are now d i st i nc t, andaccou n t s are renderedseparately . The t rade of I ndia i s n ow Opened to al l B ri t i sh

subj ec ts, that to Ch ina al one remai n ing exc lus i vely i n the

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(J)

is) TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA.

The I nqu i s i t i on at Goa abol i sh ed , and the palace o f the

Santa Officio demol i shed .

Lakshm i Ran i,regen t at Travankor, d ies . Her si ste r

,Parvat i ,

i s regen t for the i n fan t son of Lakshm i .

Nov . 1 : War declared agai n s t Nepal . Four d iv i s i on s forserv i ce agai n s t the Gurkhas are mobi l i sed under Maj or-General

Ochterlony, General S i r Rol lo Gi l lesp i e , Maj or -General J oh nSul l i van Wood

,and L ieu t . -Col . Marley . Oct . 3 1 : Gil lespi e i s

k i l led i n an at tack upon Nalapani or Kalanga Fort, near Deh ra

D i‘

i n . Balbhadara S ingh wi thstand s two assaul ts—the second onNov . 2 4 ; i t was then bombarded , and the commandan t w i thseven ty men escapes . Dec . 1 Maj or Ludlow pursues and defeatsthe fugi t i ves, and th e for t i s demol i sh ed . Dec . 2 0 : Col . Marley

and General Martindell occupy Nahan, and proceed agai n s t For t

Jaitak , bu t th e column s are overpowered i n detai l .

Dec . 6 : General Ochterlony occup ies Forts Nalagarh and

Taragarh . Amar S ingh , with a s trong force,re t i res on Ramgarh

he i s repu l sed i n a desperate attack at Dibu , Dec . 2 8.

The Dutch cede thei r r ights i n Coch i n to the Bri t i sh .

Jan. 1 : Capt . Blackney’

s and Cap t . S ibley’s detachmen ts i n

the Tarai are cu t up by the Gurkhas at Samanpur and Parsarespect ively . Many men desert

,several

,w ith officers

,are k i l led .

Jan. 3 : Maj or-General S ul l i van Wood i s beaten back at J i tgarh ,

near Bhotwal, and remai n s on the defen s i ve t i l l May, when h e

wi thdraws h i s d iv i s i on i n to can tonmen ts at Gorakhpu r

Jan. 3 1 : General Marl ey,from near Lautan i n th e Tarai ,

re t i re s westwards to protec t Betiya.

Feb . 1 5 : Wi th the Jaypu r i rregu lars, Col . Wi l l iam L i n naeu sGardner en ters Nepal , beat s back the Gurkhas i n Kamaon, and

concen trates at A lmora, where Col . N ichol l s w i th a column j oi n s

h im,Apr i l 8 .

Feb . 2 0 A survey ing party at tacked , manoeuvres the Gurkhas

toward s the i r camp , when Col . Dick at tacks them , k i l ls thei r l eader

and a fourth o f h i s men , and s tr i kes terro r i n to the Nepal ese .

They abandon the Tarai .

March 2 : V ikrama S ingh , King of Ceylon , i s deposed for

i nhuman i ty : the i sland becomes a dependency of the B ri t i sh

Crown,S i r Rober t B rownrigg be i ng fi rs t Governor .

MARQU I S OF I I A STI N G S . 30 3

March 2 0 General Martindel l bombards and blockades

Jaitak, i n Nepal , wh ich capi tu lates i n May.

Apri l 1 4 : General Ochterlony detaches a d iv i s i on for th eoccupat ion of Rai la, on th e Malaun r idge . A pr i l 1 5 : D eothal

fort i s carr ied and occup ied . 1 6th : the Gurkhas attack,bu t

are driven from D eothal by a bayonet charge,i n wh ich 50 0 ,

i ncl ud ing the ir commander,Bakht S ingh

, are ki l led .

A pr i l 2 2 Has t i Dal,from A lmora

,routed by Maj or Paton and

s lai n 2 5th, a general at tack is made on A lmora stockades by Col .

Gardner ; 2 6th,the fort i s surrendered , and, 2 7th, wi th Kamaou

and Garh‘

wal , permanen tly annexed to the B ri t i sh terr i tor i es .

May 8 : Malaun i nvested by General Ochterlony, when mos t

o f the garri son gave themselves up to the Br i t i sh . May 1 0 : the

guns opened and Amar S ingh , th e ch i ef, capi tulates, and engages

to surrender the Gurkha conquests west of the Jamna . Most

of the Gurkha t roops take service w i th th e B ri t i sh . The Khat

mandu Darbar sends commi ss i oners to treat for peace : they

agree to rel i nqu i sh clai m s on the h i l l Rajas,the res torat ion of

terr i tory to the S ikim Raja, and to accept a res iden t,bu t

the ces s ion of th e Tarai is refused . Negot iat ion s protracted ,bu t t reaty agreed to

,Dec . 2 . A Gurkha miss i on is despatched

to the Ch i nese Government,ask ing a Chi nese force . Next year

,

preparat i on s for warare resumed .

Bakhtawar S ingh of Alwar d i es . The success ion i s d i sputedbetween Ban i S ingh

,h i s nephew and he i r, and Balwan t S ingh , an

i l l egi t imate son. A comprom i se is effected , the former becom ing

t i tular sovereign , the latter exerc i s i ng the powe r of the s tate .

July 1 4 : Gangadhar Shastr i , the Baroda envoy at Poona,

t reacherously murdered by Trimbakji D englia’

s h i red assass i n sat Pandharpur . Sep t . 2 5 The Peshwa i s compel led to hand over

the i ns t igator, who i s impr isoned at Thana, bu t escapes, Sep t . 1 2 ,

1 8 1 6 .

S i r Wi l l iam Gran t, Commander—in-Chief i n Java.

Oct . A band of Pendhari freebooters carr i es on successfu lwarfare agai n s t the N i z am and th e Br i t i sh .

Jan. 1 6 A defi n i t i ve treaty concluded wi th the Rao of Kachh,

who agrees to pay an i ndemn i ty for recen t in roads from Waghar,and to observe the treaty of 1 80 9 . J une 1 8 By a supplemen tary

30 4 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

treaty the Governmen t rem i ts al l m il i tary expen ses i ncurred in

the set tlemen t of the country,and the annual amoun t the Rao

had engaged to pay. The ch iefs o f the Okhamandal d i s tr ic t arebrough t under Bri t i sh au thori ty

,and thei r prac t i ce of p i racy

suppressed . May : Col . Eas t’s force retu rn s to can tonmen t s .

Feb . Hos til i t i e s resumed w i th the G t’

irkhas. Si r D . Ochter

lony, w i th four brigades supported by two col umns u nder N ichol l sand Wood

,en ters the h i l l coun try . Feb . 2 7 : The Gurkhas are

driven to fl igh t . Makwanpur for t surrenders , and, March 3

peace i s concluded at Segaul i , Mr E . Gardner bei ng appoi n tedfi rs t Res iden t .

March 1 7 : Wazi r Muhammad , Nawab of Bhopal , d ies . H is

son,Nazar Muhammad Khan , succeeds h im .

March 2 2 : Raghoji Bhonsla I I . of B erar d ies . His son,

Parsaram,cal led Bala Sah ib, succeeds, bu t becom ing imbeci l e ,

is superseded and s t rangled by h i s cous in , M t‘

idoji or Apa Sah i b .

May 2 7 : Apa Sah ib adm i tted to the defen s ive al l iance wi th the

B ri t i sh Governmen t .

Apri l 1 6 : The inhabi tan ts of Barel ly Show armed res i s tance

to the imposi t i on of a munic ipal tax,and th ousands gather under

the Muft i,Muhammad ‘Iwaz. A pr i l 2 1 The rebel s wou ld l i s ten

to no advice, murdered the j udge’s son,

and had to be quel led bytroops under Maj or R ichard s and Cap t . Cunn ingham .

Apri l : The Raja of Jaypur sol i ci ts the pro tec t i on of the

Governmen t agai n s t Am i r Khan,bu t on th e lat ter’s wi thdrawal

from Jaypu r, breaks off negotiat i on s .

May I : Treaty between the Vazi r of A udh and the E L

Company.

June 7 : B i shop Middle ton , fi rs t A ngl i can prelate i n I nd ia,ded icates the cathedral i n Bombay to the memory of S t

Thomas .

Sep t . 1 2 Trimbakji D engl ia escapes from Thana fort : Baj iravconn ives at h i s l i berty, and suppl ies h im wi th money to rai secon t i ngen ts . S ind ia

,Holkar

,Am i r Khan , and th e Pendhari s are

i nc i ted to r ise agai n s t the Engl i sh .

Sept . 1 6 : A French exped i t i on arr ives at Pond icher i to en ter

on possess ion of the ir I nd ian settlemen ts of wh ich Pond icher i andChandranagar are del ivered Dec . 4.

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30 6 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA .

the fort . March : The ch ief,Daya Ram

,with a few fol lowers i n

armour, escape, but he i s afterwards captured .

March : The Paiks of G i‘

imsur revol t u nder Jagabandhu,

formerly a s tate o ffic ial,march on Khurdha, wh i ther a de tach

men t under L i eu t . Pr ideau x i s sen t ; Mr I mpey, the magi strate,wi th a detachment

,obl iged to ret i re to Katak . Apri l : L i eu t .

Far i s , l ead ing h i s men to Gangpara, i s shot dead . JagannathPari occup ied by the rebel s .

Apri l 9 : Capt . Le Fevre marches to Khurdha, and mart iallaw i s proc laim ed . May : Spec ial comm iss ioners i nqu i re i n to the

causes o f the revol t,and the country i s gradual ly se ttled .

Apri l : L i eu t . Dacre anda smal l e scort murdered by Pendhari s,

who are pursued by Maj or Sm i th and rou ted at Path r i i n Kandesh,Apri l I 7.

May : Bajirao i n formed that he mus t regard h imsel f i n futu re

as a feudatory of the Company,offer a reward for Trimbakji

’

s

apprehen sion , res ign al l r igh t s i n Sagar and Bundelkhand , abandon

the recept ion of agen ts from other Maratha s tates, and cede

Ahmadnagar and terr i tory worth twen ty- four lakhs a year. J une

1 3 : Treaty of Poona to th i s effec t , di ssolvi ng the Maratha con

federacy,s igned by the Peshwa at Poona.

Shah Khal i l—u llah,Imam or ch ief of the Sh i‘ah I sma‘i l i s

,i s

k i l led i n a tumul t at Yezd . Fath ‘A li Shah of Pers ia con ferson his son , Husai n Husai n i , Agha Khan , th e governmen t of Kam

and Mehelati,and gives h im one of h i s daughters to w i fe .

Sep t . 1 4 : The B ri t ish forces muster for the suppress ion o f

the Pendhari s, the H industan army i n th ree,the Dekhan army

,

under S i r Thomas H i slop,i n five d ivi s i ons . Oc t . 1 6 : The

Marqu i s of Hast ings , as Commander- in-Chief,j oi n s the Bengal

army at Cawnpur .

Oct. 1 4 : Mr Elph i ns tone i n tervi ews the Peshwa, whose at t i tude

toward s the B ri t i sh , wh i l e m ost of the B ri t i sh troops are absen t,becomes more host i l e . Oct . 2 8 : The Maratha t roops gathered

i n readi ness to attack before the arr i val o f the European forces

at Poona.

Nov . 1 : The Engl i sh brigade,wi th rei n forcements under

General B urr,removed to Ki rk i (Khadki ). Nov . 5 : After an

i n solen t message,the Peshwa’s army o f caval ry and as

many i n fant ry Wi th a great t rai n of ordnance move ou t on K irk i .

MARQU IS OF I I A STI N G S . 30 7

The at tack i s bravely repulsed by Burr and Forde,wi th less

than i n fantry,total ly defeat ing the Mara thas

, and thePeshwa

,who had been a spectato r, ( 1 6th) flees from Poona.

A

l igh t bat tal i on wi th aux i l iary horse from General Sm i th j oi n sthe Bri t i sh camp.

Nov . 5 : D aulatrav Si nd ia havi ng been proved treacherou s, i s

bound by treaty to d i spose h i s t roops i n accordance w i th the

Governor’s demand,to give up Asi rgarh and H india forts as

secur i ty,to su rrender fo r three years the t r ibu te of th e Rajpu t states .

Nov . 6 : Mara tha horsemen at tack and rob Cornets Hun ter

and Morri son , and send them pri soners to the Konkan . Capt .Vaughan and hi s brother are robbed and se i zed atWargaon

,taken

to Fathegaon and hanged . L i eu t . Enn i s and a smal l escort areattacked, and Enn i s k i l led by Trimbak

’

s men .

Nov . 6 : The Governor-General concludes a treaty w i th FathS i ngh

,regen t for Anandrav Gaikwad of Baroda, arrangi ng an

i ncrease o f the subsid iary force, the cess ion of the Gaikwad’

s

r igh ts on th e Gujarat terri tory of the Peshwa,wi th Ahmadabad

,

and the co-operat ion of the Bri t i sh and Baroda t roops i n t ime

o f war.

Nov . Great outbreak of cholera i n the camp of the “ Grand

Army .

” I n one week 764 so ld iers and fol lowers peri sh .

Nov . 1 0 : Am i r Khan of Tonk confi rmed by treaty i n al l th e

d istr i ct s bestowed on h im by Holkar, on cond i t i on of his disband ingh i s army .

Nov . 1 2 : Engagemen t made between the Raja of Samthar

and the Bri t i sh Governmen t .

Nov. 1 5 : Karaul i s tate taken under the protect i on of the

Company’s Governmen t ; no tr i bu te i s exacted , but the Raja,Herbakhsh Pal, undertakes to furn i sh t roops accord i ng to h i s

means .

Nov. 1 7 : Treaty between the S t‘

ibhadar of Jhans i and th e

Bri t i sh Government .

Nov . By the movemen ts of the th ree d iv i s i on s of the Madras

army, th e Pendhari s are dr iven north and west .

Nov . 2 4 : Apa Sah ib of Nagpur revol t s i n support of thePeshwa

,and wi th a force of about at tacks Mr Jenki n s

,

th e Residen t, at S itabaldi . Nov . 2 6 : A severe act ion en sues al l

30 8 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

n igh t, i n wh ich th e Nagpur forces are defeated by abou t

men under Col . Scort . Rei nforcemen ts arr ive soon after. Dec .

1 6 : Apa Sah i b refuses subm iss i on t i l l Dec . 2 4, when con

fron ted by the whol e army and a bat t l e fough t i n wh ich h i s gun s

and camp are captured . The Arab s defend themselves i n the

palace,but final ly cap i tu late .

Dec 1 4 : General Marshal l at N imghat, i n Kota, defeats thePendhari caval ry w i th loss, as they cove r the retreat of thei r

i n fan try . Dec . 1 7 : The band under Karim Khan abandon thei r

baggage and fam i l ies at Kalana.

Dec . The Pendhari arm ies of Ch i tu and Wasi l Muhammad

ente r Holkar’

s terr i tor ies . Dec . 2 0 : The war party pu t th e

prim e min i s ter,Ganpatrav, under arres t

,and behead Tulsibai

,

the regen t, to preven t a coal i t i on w i th the Bri t i sh . Dec . 2 0°

General Hardyman defeats a Maratha force at Jabal pu r .

Dec . 2 1 The I ndor army,wi th seventy gun s

,i s at tacked

by the d iv i s i on s under S i r J ohn Malcolm and S i r Thomas H i s lopat Meh idpur on th e S ipra

,and i s defeated w i th great loss ; young

Holkar i s carr ied off from th e field to Alot . The leader,R ausban

Beg,i s severely wounded .

Dec . 2 6 : Treaty concl uded by Mr Metcal fe fo r the B I . Co .

wi th Zal im S ingh, Raja Rana, for Umed S ingh Maharaja of Kota,by wh ich the Kota s tate i s taken under Br i t i sh protec t i on ; by asupplementary art i cl e the adm i n i strat i on i s vested i n Zal im S ingh

and his descendan ts .

Jan. I : Capt. Staun ton wi th one bat tal i on , on h i s way t o

re i n force Col . Burr at Poona, en coun ters at Korigaon the whole

of the Peshwa’s forces horse and foot . Both part i e s

en ter the v i l lage, and a desperate al l -day defence fo l lows . Jan. 2

Hear i ng that General Sm i th was approach i ng, the Peshwa flees

sou th .

Jan. 2 : Lord Hast ings i n structs Mr Jenk in s to place a

grandson of Parsaram Bhonsla on the th rone at Nagpur,but

con forms to term s of a t reat y arranged by Mr Jenki ns . Apa

Sah ib i s recogn i sed , bu t his governmen t i s to be effectual lycon trol led . Jan. 6 : Apa Sah ib s ign s a t reaty ced ing lands

i n l ieu of the subs idy and con t i ngen t , and engagi ng to govern

the country i n accordance w i th the advice of the Res iden t .

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3 1 0 TI I E CHRONOLOGY OF I NDIA.

Feb . 2 0 : The Peshwa’s forces defeated at Ash te by GeneralSm i th , the Peshwa agai n escap ing by the devoti on of Bapu Gokhle,who i s k i l led . The cap t ive Raja of Satara i s rescued by theBri t i sh t roops .

Feb . 2 6 The Nawah of Bhopal requ i ted by treaty for serv icesrendered du ring the Pendhari war.

Feb . 2 7 Thal ner (Kandesh) for t, held by the K i lledar, res i s ts ,and is s tormed by S i r Thomas H i sl op, bu t th e Arab garri son cu t

down the fi rs t officers who en ter,whereon the Br i t i sh troops pu t

the garr i son of 30 0 Arabs to th e sword, and t h e Ki l ledar i shanged .

March 5 : Forces concen trated in Bundel khand by General

Marshal l, i n con sequence o f Apa Sah i b’s perfidy. March 1 1

:

Sagar and Dhamon i reduced,and, Apr i l 2 6 : Mandala taken by

s torm .

March 9 : Treaty between the Raja of Bikanir and theE L Company .

March 1 5 : Apa Sah ib arrested by Mr Jenk i n s for hav i ngi nc i ted the Gonds to revol t

,send i ng orders to the Ki lledars to

res i s t th e surrender of the ceded fort s, and i n tr igu i ng wi th

Baj irav.

March 2 2 : S i r T . Raffles arr i ves at Benku len as L i eu t .

Governor, and i ncurs the d i sfavou r of the Dutch Governmen t

by i n terference wi th the nat i ve tr i bes . Dispu tes are se t t led by

a t reaty w i th th e Bengal Governmen t .

March 2 6 : Kishnagarh state i s taken under Bri t i sh protec t i on .

A pri l 2 : Treaty between the Raja of Jaypur and the E L

Company .

A pr i l 6 : Wasota fort, i n the Satara d ist r i c t , bombarded ti l l

Apr i l 7, when i t cap i tulates . Corne t s Hunte r and Morr i son ,pr i soners of war, are rescued , al so the w ives, fami l ies , and j ewel sof the Satara Raja and h i s brothers .

A pri l 1 1 Pratap S ingh , son of Sahi‘

i A bba Saheb,i s placed

on the th rone as Raja of Satara by Mr Elph i n ston e . Two

proclamat i on s i s sued : one announci ng the Raja’s connec t i on

wi th the Bri t i sh Governmen t, and one vest i ng the adm i ni s trat i on

of the country i n M r James Cunn i ngham Gran t Duff.

A pr i l 1 8 : Bajirav, hemmed i n on the Warda between General

MARQU IS OF HA STI NGS . 3 1 1

Dove ton and Col . Adams , re t i res to Seon i , where many of his

fol lowers fal l by CO1. Adams’s d iv i s i on . May 9 : Chanda, i nves tedby C0 1. Adams, i s s tormed and carried on the 2 0 th. The

ex-Peshwa flees north wi th abou t men,and en trenches at

Asi rgarh, whence he makes overtu res for peace , and after pro

t racted nego t iat ion s,su rrenders on June 3, res ign ing al l claim s to

governmen t at Poona, and rece iv ing a pen s ion of eigh t lakh s per

annum , wi th a res iden ce at B itht’

ir, near Cawnpur .

May 7 Raigarh fort surrendered by Baj 1rav’s wife .

May 1 3 : Apa Sah i b , by br ibes , escapes from cus tody and

flees to the Gonds,who pro tec t h im . With Ch i tu

,the Pendhari

leader,he ral l ie s the d isbanded troops

,and, Ju ly 2 0 : defeat s a

body of troops u nder Cap t . Sparkes .

May Al l the ex-Peshwa’s dom i n ion s excep t Kandesh and th e

in surgents near Satara now reduced . J une 1 3 The A rab

garr i son at Maligaon surrenders after a month’s s iege , and is

sh ipped to Arab ia.

The ch ie fs of S iroh i cal l to power Rav Sh i v S inghj i and

depose Udaybhanji, h i s brother , for tyranny and oppress ion .

He d ied i n confi nemen t i n 1 847.

June : Fath S i ngh of Gujarat d ies . Sayaj i Rav, his b rother,i s rai sed to the office of diwan .

Fath Khan deposed from h is vaz irship of Kabu l and bl i nded

by Kamran M i rza.

Ju ly 3 1 The Raja of D atiya en ters i n to treaty wi th the

E L Company .

Sept . 1 6 andDec . 2 5 Banswara taken under Br i t i sh protect ion .

Oct . 5 Pratapgarh taken under B r i t i sh protect ion .

Nov . 2 1 : A modificat i on of the t reaty o f 1 8 1 5 wi th Kandy

i s concluded for the bet ter unders tand ing between the supreme

Governmen t and the nat ives .

Jagat S ingh of Jaypur d ies . Rana Mohan , son of Manohar

S ingh of Narwar, succeeds .

Nov . B i shop M iddleton assumes charge o f the new d iocese

of Cal cu t ta.

Dec . 1 1 and 1 2 : Treat i es formed wi th Dongarpu r, Jaisalm ir,and Dewas , wh i ch are taken under protec t i on by the Br i t i sh

Government .

3 1 2 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

1 8 1 8- 1 8 1 9 : H . 1 2 34 : Munsh i Sadasukh D ehlawi w r i tes the

I ll a/afaA/zabu-t Tazr'ae /z.

Jan. 1 0 : Dhar taken under Br i t i sh protect i on ; and Dec . 1 8,

1 82 1, by a Second treaty .

Jan. A set t lem en t made at S ingapur by S i r S tamford R affles .

Jan. 3 1 : Fort Newa, i n the N i zam’s terr i tory

,reduced by

Maj or P i tman , and the A rab garr i son pu t to death .

Feb . 1 The French factory at Cal i cu t w i th the ground

formerly belongi ng to i t i s del ivered to thei r ch i ef of Mahé .

Feb . 4 : N ivti fort i n the Konkan surrendered to S i r Wi l l iam

G . Kei r. Feb . 1 3 : Rairi for t taken by storm .

Feb . 1 7 : A treaty s igned , by wh ich Sawantwadi i s b rough t

under Br i t i s h protec t i on, i n return for the cess i on of the coas t-l i n efrom Karl i to the Portuguese ter ri tory . Feb . 1 7, 1 82 0 : confirmed .

March 6 : S ir George Cooper,Recorder at Bombay, t i l l 1 82 0 .

March 2 4 : S i r Wi l l iam Kier-Gran t marches on Bhuj agai n s tBharmalji Rao, of Kachh , who had murdered the Pr ince Laduba.

March 2 6 : Bhuj is carr i ed by escalade . The Rao i s deposed i n

favou r of Rao D aisal I I .,h i s i n fan t son,

a regency be ing formed

of Jhareja ch iefs u nder th e superi n tendence of the B r i t i sh

Residen t . Oct . 1 3 : A treaty to th i s effec t i s rat ified .

A pri l 9 : A si rgarh fort capi tulates to General Doveton and

S i r John Mal colm,after a s iege of twen ty days . Apa Sah i b

,

supposed to be wi th i n , is found to have escaped . Chi tu Pendharii n h i s escape i s k i l led by a t iger.

Apr i l 2 2 : A t reaty of fr iendsh ip conc luded by S i r T. Raffles

w i th Jauhar Shah of Ach i n .

A pri l 2 5 : Jay S ingh I I I . , posthumous son of Jagat S i ngh I I .

of Jaypur, born . Rana Mohan S ingh i s deposed , and the i nfan t

proclai med,and ru les t i l l 1 835. Jaypu r be ing a scen e of corrup

t i on and m i sgovernment, a res iden t i s appoi n ted .

A pr i l 2 5 S t Andrew ’s Presby ter ian Church,Bombay

,opened

by Rev. James C low,th e chaplai n .

May : Bodoahpra, King of Burma, d ies . H is grandson,

Sagai ng Meng,s ucceeds

,known by the name of Hpagyidoa. He

puts to death his unc les, the Governors of P rom and Taungu .

May 1 4 : Kopaldurg taken .

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3 1 4 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

d is tr ic t of Manohar. I n 1 8 2 2 these revenue as s ignmen t s were

commuted for a money paymen t .

The Hon . Moun ts tuar t Elph i n stone at Baroda confers w i thSayaji , who agrees that al l fore ign affai rs remai n under the

managemen t of the Br i t i sh Governmen t,

and that i n ternaladm in i s t rat i on be unres trai ned

,provided the state’s fi nancial

engagemen t s are carr ied ou t .

Apri l 2 2 : Rao Sah ib Mustafa Maherban, Pan t Sachiv con

fi rmed i n his jagi r. S im i lar grants are made to the Pratinidhiand R enu

’

kabai D aphle of Jath , the D eshmukh of Phal tan , ShaikhM i ra Wakar and on July 3 the Company restores to Fath S i nghBhonsla, Raja of Akalkot, the jagi rs wh ich came i n to the i rpossess io n wi th Satara.

May : An arrangement i s made between the Res iden t at

Haidarabad and the bank ing house of Palmer 81 Co . for the

consol idat i on of exten s i ve loans to the N i zam,at a reduced

rate ; a new loan of s i xty lakh s i s sanct i oned by Governmen t ,bu t only fifty

- two lakhs were to be cred i ted to the s tate . Oct .

The Cour t of D irec tors d i sapprove of the arrangement, pronouncing transact ion s wi th nat i ve pr inces i l legal .

J une 1 0 : S i r Thomas Munro, Governor of Madras , i n suc

cess i on to the R igh t Hon . Hugh El l io t, t i l l 1 8 2 7.

Sep t . 1 6 : I n con sequence of revol u t i on s i n Portugal , some

revolu t ionar ies at Goa se ize and depose the v iceroy, and elec t a“ Jun ta

,

” wh ich hold s office t i l l Dec . 3rd, 1 8 2 1 .

Oct . 1 9 : S i r W i l l iam Dav id Evans, Recorder of Bombay,d ies Dec . 5, 1 8 2 1 .

Umed S ingh,Raja of Kota, d ies . Hi s son, Ki shor S i ngh ,

at temp t s to wres t the adm in i strat i ve power from Zal im S ingh , th e

hered i tary m in i ster,i s defeated by a Bri t i sh force, and acknow

ledges the m in i s ter’s r igh ts .

Nov. 9 A further t reaty conc luded between the Br i t i shGovernmen t and th e Am i rs o f S indh w i th a v i ew to the exclu s ion

of European s and Americans from the i r domi n ions .

Nov. 2 4 Troops under L i eu t . -Col . S tanhope land at D waraka

to reduce the i n su rgen t Waghars of Okhamandal . The c i ty i s

carri ed by escalade,and th e d i str i c t reduced to obed ience.

Nov . The Bri t i sh reso lve to take Kachar u nder protect ion

MARQU I S OF HASTI NGS . 3 1 5

and to suppor t Govi nd Chand ra agai n st the i ncurs ion s of theBurmese .

Dec . 1 5 : B ishop’s Coll ege founded at Calcu t ta by B i shop

M iddleton .

Ch ikka Vira Raj endra Raja succeed s Lingaraja i n K i ng .

His atroc i t i es exceed even those of his predecessors .

Dec . M r Metcal fe,

appoi n ted Res iden t at Haidarabad,

proceeds to i nqu i re i n to the revenue quest ion,especial ly wi th

reference to the deal i ngs of Messrs Palmer Co .

Dec . Maharao Ki shor S ingh leaves Kota and cal l s h i s ch iefs

to ass i s t i n expel l i ng Zal im S ingh the Raj Rana .

A Roman Cathol ic b i shopr ic i s es tabl i shed at Agra.

Jan. 1 5 : Treaty o f peace and fri endsh ip concluded between

the B ri t i sh and th e I mam of Senna.

March : The cap i tal o f th e Ben i -Bu‘A li tr ibe (Pers ian Gul f)taken by CO1. L i one l Sm i th .

M r Metcal fe,i n represen t i ng th e abuses i n the Hai darabad

revenue departmen t,shows the compl ic i ty of S i r W . Rumbold

,

and i s repr imanded , bu t subsequen tly rece ives an apology . H is

adv ice i s fol lowed : the deb t to Palmer 81 Co . i s pai d off

cen sures from England cause Has t i ngs to send i n h i s res ignat i on .

May 1 4 : B ishan S i ngh of Bund i d ies : his eldes t son , Ram

S ingh , succeeds .

Ju l y 2 Aba Sah ib of Kolhapur murdered by a Moh i te ch ie f

in the palace . His i n fan t son succeeds under a regency bu t d iessoon after

, and Shahaj i , hi s unc le, succeeds .

A ug. 6 :‘A li Jah , Nawab of Bengal , d ies . H is bro ther

,Wala

Jah,succeeds .

Sept . 1 6 : Revolu t ion at Goa : th e Conde de R i o Pardo i s

deposed and a j un ta appo in ted i n h i s p lace .

Sep t . 2 3 : Nasi r-ud din, Nawab of Su rat , d ies . H is son,M ir

A fzal-ud din,succeeds

,t i l l 1 84 2 .

Sep t . 30 : Kishor S ingh of Kota, defeated at Mangrt'

i l, and his

bro ther k i l led . He flees to Nathdwara.

Nov . A mi ss ion leaves Bengal for S iam to secu re u nrestr ic ted

trade . Th i s m i ss ion proves u nsuccessfu l .

3 1 6 THE CH RONOLOGY OF I N DIA .

Nov . A general r i s i ng i n Merwara occurs . The pol ice are

mas sacred . A force subj ugates th e coun try i n a th ree mon th s’

campaign . Col . Henry Hal l,of the 1 6 th Bengal N . I ., i s

appoin ted fi rs t pol i t i cal agen t .

Nov . 1 5 : Nahr S ingh of Raj p ipla be ing b l i nd and i ncapacitated for ru le, h is eldes t son, Verisal , i s i nves ted w i th the govern

men t . The E l . Company undertakes to manage the s tate, nowalmost bankrupt , t i l l Verisal

’s maj or i ty i n 1 837, thereafter

exerc is i ng superv i s ion t i l l 1 850 .

Nov . 2 5 : Dom Manoel de Camara arr i ves at G oa, and onDec . 3, when the Jun ta i s deposed, he assumes office, bu t i s

compel led to adm i t fou r co l leagues i n the governmen t .

Dec . 3 1 : Kishor S i ngh is res tored to Kota, wi th an annualal l owance

,bu t recogn i ses the con t i nued adm in i s trat ion of Zal im

S ingh .

Carey Marshman,of Serampur, i ssue from the i r press the

fi rs t vernacu lar newspaper, the Samar/ai r D arpa

Sayy id A hmad o f Rai Barel i arr i ves at Cal cu tta wi th a

re t i n ue o f d i sci p les and gai n s many converts to h i s Wahhab i creed .

Khem Sawant es tabl i shed i n h i s governmen t ; on h i s maj or i tyhe proves i ncapable and unfi t for rule .

Aba Sah ib’s bro ther,Shahaj i

,known as the Bawa Sah ib of

Kolhapur,proves a cruel and profligate ru ler .

March Two French officers,Col . A l lard andGeneral Ven tura,

are taken i n to the army of Ranj i t S i ngh . O ther access ion s

i ncrease the e ffic ien cy of his army .

June 2 2 The di str i c t of A n jar res tored to Kachh by treaty,i n cons iderat i on o f an annual paymen t o f rupees .

J u ly 8 : Dr T . Fanshawe M iddleton , fi rs t B i shop of Cal cu t ta,d ies : Regi nald Heber succeeds . He d ied Apri l 3, 1 82 6 .

Ju ly The m i ss i on to S iam , under M r J . Crawford , prov i ng nu

success fu l,proceeds to Coch in Ch ina. No aud ience i s gran ted , but

perm i ssi on to trade conceded . Nov . The m is s ion leaves for I nd ia.

Ju ly : A Burmese agen t arr ives at Calcu t ta demandi ng the

s urrender of Chandra Kan ta and Parindhar S ingh , now refugees

i n Chittagaon. Th i s reques t i s re fused, and a demons trat ion on

the fron t i er made .

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3 1 8

A . D .

1 8 2 3

THE CHRONOLOGY OF I NDIA.

Dec . Sayy id A hmad the Wahhabi leaves Bombay for Uppe r

I nd ia.

Jan. Maha Bandula, the Bu rmese general , l eaves the capi talw i th orders to march on Chittagaon. Feb . A Bri t i sh force sen ti n to Asam

,and an u l t imatum i ssued . March 5 : Warw i th Burma

i s formal l y declared . The Burmese now clai m Asam,Kachar ,

and Man ipu r.

March 1 0 : Raja Ram Singh o f the Jai n t ia Hil l terr i tory pu ts

h i s coun try u nder B ri t i sh pro tec t i on,and agrees to acknowledge

al legiance to the B ri t i sh .

March 1 7 : A treaty, concluded between England and the

Netherlands, regu late s the pol icy of th e B ri t i sh Governmen t i n

the Malay A rch ipelago . Sumat ra i s ceded to Hol land,and

Malacca comes u nder B r i t i sh i nfluence .

March The Burmese abandon the i r s tockades at Gauhat i , i n

A sam, and General R ichards remai n s there du r i ng the rai n s .

Apr i l 1 2 - 1 7 The Bengal army embark s for R angi‘

in.

May 1 1 R angi‘

in occup ied by C0 1. A rch ibald Campbel l w i th

the Bengal and Madras arm ies .

May 1 7 The Bri t i sh detachmen t u nder Capt . Notou defeated

at Ramu , and dr iven back on Chittagaon.

May 2 8 : An at tack on two Burmese s tockades succes sful ly

made . J une 3 : A sim i lar at tack at Kyimyindaing fai l s . J une 1 0 :

On agai n attack i ng the s tockades,the B ri t i sh find Kyimyindaing

deserted .

J une : The Burmese army from Man ipu r reappears on the

Kachar fron ti e r. Col . I nnes fai l s to d i slodge them from an

en trenched pos t at Talai n .

J une 1 5 : Zal im S ingh , Raj Rana of Kota, d ies . H is son,

Madhav S i ngh , succeeds i n term s of the t reaty of 1 8 2 1,bu t i s

notor i ou sly unfi t .

J uly 3 : The Governor of Pegu superseded by the ThunbaWungyi

,who preven ts th e B r i t i sh from further reconnaisance from

Rangt'

m. J u ly 8 : The Bri t i sh s torm the s tockades wi th great

los s to the Burmese . Aug . 4 : The Burmese garri son expel led

from Syriam . Sept . Tavoy and Mergu i occupied . Nov . Martabanse i z ed and Pegu en tered w i thou t oppos i t i on .

WILL IAM PITT,LORI) AM I I E R ST. 3 1 9

Sept . The Desai of K ittt‘

I r dies w i thou t i ssue . M r Thackeray

the agen t assumes management, not recogn i s i ng an adopted sonof the widow . Oc t . 2 3 The garr i son at Kittt

'

ir refuse adm i ttance

to the agen t,and i n a sort ie pu t h im and two officers of the escort

to death . Troops from Bombay and Madras bombard Kittt‘

i r,

wh ich i s breached . Dec . 4 : A truce fores tal l s the assaul t .

Oct. 4-

7 : The Br i t i sh destroy the stockades at H tantab eng.

Col . Sm ith at tacks the B urmese posi t i on at Kyai kkalo, i s defeatedand wi th the leadi ng officers s lai n . O n a fu rther at tack the

stockades were found deserted .

Oct . Col . Richards dr ives B i‘

i ra Raja from Noagong i n Asam .

No monsoon rai n s i n Bombay,and a scarc i ty of water.

Nov. 1 : The 47th Bengal N . I ., havi ng refused to march to

A rakan , are b roken at Barrackpur.

Dec . 1 Maha Bandula concen trates h i s enormou s force round

R angt‘

m . Dec . 6 : The bes i egers are defeated by the B r i t ish

t roops .

Bawa Sah ib o f Kolhapu r at the head of an army marches

agai n s t h i s own feudator i es o f Kagal and I chalkaranj i, plunder i ng

and devas tat ing. Br i t i sh subj ect s suffer i ng from h i s v i olence,a

force i s sen t agai n s t h im .

Hurnayt'

m Jah succeeds Wala Jah at Mursh idabad,wi th the

same al lowance from the Company as h i s p redecessor.

Nov. 24 : The Calcu tta merchan ts voted a lakh of rupees t o

the fi rs t person who would navigate a s teamsh ip to I nd ia.

Dec . 8- 1 0 : The Burmese forces occupy i ng Kyimindaing and

Dal la dr i ven ou t . Dec . 1 4 : R angt‘

m fi red by secret em i s sar ies,but th e magazi nes are untouched . Bandula ret ires to Danubyu ,the greate r part o f the i nvest ing army d i spers ing.

Jan. 2 2 : The steamsh ip “ Enterpr i se, of 50 0 ton s, launched

i n England to run to I nd ia, and l eaves Falmouth for Calcu tta,Aug . 2 5.

Jan. 2 9 : CO1. Richards advances on Rangpu r, th e cap i tal of

Upper Asam,wh ich surrenders

,completi ng operat ion s i n Asam .

Feb -March : Col . Shuldham attempts t o march th roughKachar for Man ipur, bu t abandon s the scheme from the d ifficu l ty

of transport .

32 0 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I NDIA.

Feb . 1 3 Si r A . Campbel l moves on Prom wi th two d iv i s i on s,one to proceed by land

,the other by r i ver under S i r W i l loughby

Co t ton . March 7 : The r iver force i s repu l sed at Danubyu by

Maha Bandula. March 2 5 The land army j oi n s the ri ver forceat Danubyu and the two d iv i s i on s i nves t the fort

,wh ich forestal l s

assaul t by cap i tulat ion on A pri l 2 . The general,Maha Bandula,

had been k i l led . Apri l 4 : Prom found deserted,i s occupied as

can tonmen ts for the army t i l l August .

March 2 9 Arakan or Myauku assaul ted by General Morri son ,and taken

,Apri l 1 .

May : Gambh i r S i ngh , th e expel led Raja of Man ipu r, j o i ns

Capt . Pemberton,and by J une Man ipu r d is tr i c t i s c leared of th e

Burmese.

May : S i r David Ochterlony sends troops to Bharatpu r todefend th e clai m s of the young Raja Balwan t Si ngh agai n s t hisu surping cous in

,D t

‘

irjan Sal . Lord Amhers t coun termands thetroops and di sapproves of Ochterlony

’

s act ion . Si r Dav idOchterlony res ign s and ret i re s to M i rat, where he d ies , Ju ly 1 5.

Darjan Sal consol idates h i s power and as sumes the rank andt i t l e of Raja.

Aug. 3 The Twelve Judges dec ide that th e l im i tat i on of'

the

rate of i nteres t prescr ibed by Act o f Parl iamen t d id not apply to

loans made to the subj ect s o f nat i ve i ndependen t pr i nces byBr i t i sh subj ec ts . Th i s fi nd ing mater ial ly affec t s the h ouse of

Palmer Co . of Haidarabad .

Aug. 1 7 : A t reaty concl uded wi th the Vazi r of A udh by

wh ich the Br i t i sh Government accepts a l oan of a karor

of rupees at 5 per cen t . from the Vazi r, b e havi ngproposed to commute part of h i s ceded terr i tory for a sum ofmoney .

Sept . 6 : General Cotton comes i n touch w ith the Burmese atMyEdé . A truce of forty days arranged , and th e leaders con fer

at Ngyaungbengzaik , bu t the B ri t i sh demands of th e cess ion o f

Arakan,Tavoy, and Mergu i , and paymen t of two mi l l i on s s terl i ng,

be ing rej ected , host i l i t ies are resumed .

Nov . 1 5 : Col . MacD owal l k i l led i n an at tack on Wett igan .

Three converging columns forced back by the Burmese

Dec . 2 : General Campbel l carr i es th e enemy’s pos 1 t i on near

Prome . Dec . 5 : The river bank at Myédé cleared . Dec . 7

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32 2 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I NDIA .

wi th a fourth of the m i l l i on ster l ing demanded, and s igns the

treaty o f Yandabo,by wh ich Asam

,Arakan

,and the Tenaserim

coas t, i nclud ing Mar taban provi nce eas t of the Salwi n ri ver, areceded to the Bri t i sh , and the i ndependence of Kachar, Jai n tia,and Man ipu r guaran teed

,wi th one m i l l i on sterl i ng i ndemn i ty .

Sawai Ban i S i ngh of Alwar i s requ i red by the SupremeGovernmen t to make provi s ion for h i s cou s i n

,Balwan t S i ngh , i n

terr i tory and s t ipend .

The Sardar of Kapurthala,i n v i ew of Ranj i t S ingh ’s aggres

s i ons,appeal s for and recei ves Br i t i sh pro tect i on .

Apri l 3 B i shop Heber d ies at Trichinapol i . Rev. John

Thomas James appoi n ted to succeed to the see of Calcu tta.

Ju ly 7 : A sarzaa’ gran ted to S ivarav Ghorpade con ferr ing on

h im the j agir of Sandt‘

ir.

Nov . 3 A commerc ial t reaty s igned at Ava by Joh n Crawfordand two A twenwuns.

Nov . Lord Amhers t rece i ves the pet ty ch iefs of Bundelkhand

at Cawnpore, and Ghazi -ud-din Hai dar,Vazi r of Audh . The

lat ter secures non—i n terferen ce on the par t o f the Supreme

Governmen t .

Nov . 30 RajaTirat S ingh of N ungk lau, ch i ef of th e dependen t

Khas i s tates,on rece iv i ng the protec t i on of the Governmen t,

agrees to become subj ect to the E L Company .

Dec . 2 1 Jumada I . 2 0,H . 1 2 42 . Sayy id Ahmad , th e

Wahhabi,proclai ms a f i/zaa

' or holy war agai n s t the S ikhs, and

almost every p lace i n the Peshawar val ley i s connected w i th thestruggle ; bu t the t rai ned S ikh battal i on s at l ength overcome the

i l l - organ i sed hordes,and defeat them at Naushah ra and Balakot .

March 2 2 : D aulatrav Sind ia d ies at Gwal iar. J une 1 8 °

Mukhtrav, a boy of e leven , i s placed on the th rone wi th th et i t l e o f‘A l i Jah Jankujirav S ind ia, under the regency of Baizabai .J uly 6 : Si r Thomas Munro, Governor of Madras, d ies at

Putakonda camp in Bel lary . Mr Henry Sul l i van Graeme, i n ter im

Governor of Madras, t i l l Oct . 1 8.

Ju ly 9 : Nat i ves of I nd ia are perm i t ted to sit as j u rors .

Col . Welsh marches wi th a force i n to Kolhapu r, to en force

observat ion of the treaty of 1 8 2 6,and resumes the d i str ic ts of

Ch ikod i and Manau l i . Oct . A new t reaty i s drawn up com

LORD WILL IAM CAVEND I SH B ENTI N CK . 323

pel l i ng the Raja to reduce h i s army to 40 0 horse and 80 0 foot,and to pay compensat i on to those who had su ffered from h i s

lawles s v i olence .

Oct . Lord Amhers t return s to Cal cu tta, and effects reform s i n

the i n ternal adm in i st rat ion , v i z .

, ex tended employmen t of nat i ve

agency i n the d i s tri bu t ion of c iv i l j us t i ce, th e reduc t i on ofexpendi tu re

,and the establ i shmen t of the S adr D iwani ‘A dala l ,

the transference to the revenue authori t i es of land and boundary

d i spu tes .

Oct . 1 8 : S tephen Rumbold Lush i ngton takes office as

Governor of Madras,t i l l Oct . 2 5, 1 832 .

O rders from England forb id the employmen t of the Company’s

troops i n preserv i ng order i n th e terr i tor ies o f al l i ed pri nces .

Oct . 30 : 2 8 Rabi‘I . , H . 1 243. Nasi r-udd i n Haidar succeed s

h i s father, Ghazi -udd i n , as K ing of A udh .

Oct . : Dom Manoel de Por tugal e Cas tro succeeds the Com~

mi ss i on at G oa as Governor .

Nov . 1 : Mounts tuar t Elph i ns tone res ign s the Governorsh ip

of Bombay, and is succeeded by S i r John Mal colm , t i l l Dec . 1 ,

1 830 .

Raja Ranj i t S ingh of Samthar s tate,Bundelkhand

,dies .

H indapat, h i s pos thumous son , s ucceeds under a regency .

Mun i r Muhammad Khan , he i r t o the Bhopal s tate, res ignsh i s claim to the state and the hand of h i s cous i n , S ikandar Begam ,

i n favou r of h i s brother, Jahangi r Muhammad . Her mo ther,

Qudsia Begam , to retai n the power of s tate, re tards th i s marr iage .

Raja Bhim Singh of Udaypu r d ies . Javan S i ngh,h i s son

,

succeeds,t i l l 1 838.

LORD WILLIAM CAVENDISH BENTINCK .

Feb . Lord Amhers t l eaves for England . Mr Wi l l iam But ter

worth Bayley, sen ior member of Counc i l , officiates t i l l J u ly 4,when Lord Wi l l iam Cavendi sh Bent i nck takes office

,t i l l March

1 835.

March The ar t ic les of treaty of Teheran w i th Pers ia abrogated—an equ ival en t of toman s be ing paid to ‘Abbas M i rza tomeet part of the Russ ian demand on thei r defeat o f the Persians .

324 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I NDIA.

J une : A regulat i on i s passed to i nqu ire i n to the val id i ty of

t i t les to freehold es tates, and appoi n t i ng a Special Comm is s ion

of Appeal regardingo

rights to such es tates .

June : A terr ible ear thquake i n Kashm i r : i n S ri nagarh ouses are des troyed and l i ves los t . Lesser shocksfol lowed frequen tly for some week s after .

Ju ly 30 : Thomas Waghorn of the Bengal Mar i ne,proposes to

carry the mai l s , fold the Cape i n seven ty days, and Mr G . Prinsep

s tates that they m igh t be carr ied from Calcu tta to Kosi r i n

twen ty-n ine days and thence to London i n twen ty -five days .

Aug . 2 2 : B ishop James d ies on a voyage to Chi na. Rev .

J ohn Math ias Turner,appoin ted to succeed

,—d ied J u ly 7,

1 83 1 .

Rao Ki shor S i ngh of Kota d ies . Bhim S ingh,h i s son,

succeeds .

S i r J oh n Malcolm ,find i ng other means fu t i le

,sequestrate s

from the Baroda terr i tor i es d i s tr ic ts y i eld ing twen ty-seven lakh s o f

rupees per annum,and agai n others to th e val ue o f fi fteen lakhs

,

to defray the expenses of the sub s id iary force .

Nov . 9 : An order i ssued reduc i ng the al l owance of Bat ta to

one-hal f at the s tat i on s o f D inapur, Behrampur, Barrackpur, and

Dam -D am,to wh ich Ghazipu r i s afterward s added . Great dis

con ten t on th e par t o f officers en sues .

Victor Jacquemon t,the botan i s t, travels i n I nd ia,—d ied Dec . 7,

1 832 .

Raja Rammohan Roy founds the Brahmo Somaj “ for the

worsh i p and adorat i on of th e E ternal Unsearchable and I mmut

abl e Be ing who is the au th or and preserve r of the un iverse .

”

Jan. Lord Ben t i nck v i s i t s the Bengal provinces of Purniya,Rangpur, and D inajapur : measures are taken for th e moreeffec tual suppress i on o f the Thags. M r F . C . Sm i th , Pol i t i cal

Comm iss i on er i n the Sagar and Narbada d i s tr ic ts, is i nves ted

w i th fu l l powers to bri ng to summary tr ial and conv ic t i on any

apprehended cr im i nal s , and Maj or S leernan appoin ted Comm i s

sioner for the suppres s ion of the cr ime .

Lord Wi l l iam Ben t i nck makes a v i s i t to the S trai t s Set t le

men t s—Penang, Si ngapur, Malacca,Tenaserim ,

and A rakan, and

retu rns to Cal cu t ta i n A pri l .

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326 THE CHRON OLOGY OF I ND IA.

Dec . 4 : The Governor-General i ssues a regu lat ion by wh ichal l tak ing part i n , or abett i ng, cases o f Safi should be pun i shable

on a charge o f cul pab le hom ic ide .

Rev . Joh n Wi lson arr i ves at Bombay as m issionary of theScot t i sh M i ss ionary Soci ety .

George Ramsay, n i n th Earl o f Dal hous i e, Commander-in-Ch iefof the Eas t I nd ie s t i l l 1 832 .

Col . Briggs’ t ranslat i on of F irishta’

s Mulzammadarz Dynasties

publ i sh ed .

Maj or Pr ice’s t ranslat ion of the Tari /e/z-i -S al z'

zzz S /za/zz'

appears .

Jan. 5 : Joh n Palmer Co . of Cal cu tta fai l ; many of thelead ing houses become i n solven t .

Jan. Lord Wi l l iam Bent i nck v i s i t s B ihar, Benares, and

Gorakhpur.

Col . Burney appoi nted Br i t i sh Res iden t i n Burma.

A pri l 1 7 : Fi rst meet ing i n Bombay to promote the Red Searou te, advocated by Wm . Taylor Money .

The Raiyat s of Nagar,a d iv i s ion of Mai su r, assemble i n arm s

and set up Sadar Mal la, a peasan t Raja. March 3 : The Mai su rHorse and a company under L i eu t . Rochford march i n to thed i s tr ic t and take Kamandurg. March 1 2 The rebel s are defeated

at Honnal i . Apr i l 6 : Chandraguti i s cap tured : Bednr‘

rroccupied,

but the i n surgen ts st i l l h old ou t .

May : Rev . Alexander Duff,m i ss ionary of the Church of Scot

land, arr i ves in Cal cu t ta.

Lord Wi l l iam Ben t i nck establ i shes a sys tem of l icences for thed irect conveyance of op i um from th e Central Provi nces to Bombay.

Raja Govi nd Chandra of Kachar i s assass i nated , and, therebei ng no descendan t

,l i neal or adop ted

,Kachar is annexed to the

Bri t i sh dom in ion s,except a h i l ly t ract ass igned to a successfu l

rebel,Tula Ram .

Oct . Agha M i rMu‘tamad ud-daula i s d i sm i ssed by Nasi r-ud

di n, King of A udh , and h i s property demanded i n repaymen t

of sum s al l eged to have been stol en from the treasu ry . Appeal i ng

to the Bri t i sh Government,he i s granted a res idence at Cawnpur.

Nov . 30 : I n consequence of the i rregu lar proceed i ngs o f the

Gaikwad, th e Res iden t at Baroda i s w i thdrawn , and the i n ter

LORD WILL IAM CAVENDISH B ENTI N CK . 327

course w i th Gujarat placed i n charge of a pol i t ical Comm iss ionerres iden t at Ahmadabad . The res idency i s subsequen t l y re

establ i shed .

Nov . : Si r John Mal colm open s the Great Bor Ghat, thu ses tabl i sh i ng commun icat ion s between the Dekhan and Konkan .

Dec . 5 Si r Joh n Mal colm,Governor of Bombay

,l eaves I nd ia.

He d ied May 30 , 1 833. S i r T. S . Bekwith and Mr John Romersuccess ively act as governors ad z

'

nferz'

m .

Ram Mohanrai v i s i t s England to advocate certai n c laim s for

the Deh l i emperor . A rr ived Apr i l 8,1 83 1 ; d ied Sept . 2 7, 1 833 .

I shvara Chandra Gupta start s a Bengal i month ly j ou rnal ,named the Samoad P rabhakar.

March 2 1 The Righ t Hon . John Fi tzg ibbon , Earl o f C lare,Governor of Bombay t i l l March 1 7, 1 835.

A pri l 1 3 By a Minute of Counc i l i t i s resolved to abol i sh th eprov i nc ial t r i bunal s and ves t the appel late j u r i sd ict ion i n D i str i ct

Judges,con trol led i n turn by officers of greater exper i ence .

A pr i l : Lord Bent i nck cen sures Nasi r-ud-din of Audh for h i s

conduct of affai r s, and th reatens to take over the i n ternal adm ini

stration and put the k ing on a pens i on ; bu t, when Hakim Mehd i

appeal s to the res iden t for cou nsel and advice, th e Governmen t

decide not to i n tervene .

May : The Wahhabi s are su rpr i sed by a S ikh army under SherS ingh at Balakot i n Hazara, when Sayy id Ahmad i s slai n , and th e

[flui d ceases , th e rem nan t set t l i ng at Polosi i n B uner, on th e

I ndus .

Col . E vans’s d iv i s ion repul sed by th e Mai su r rebel s at Fathpat,fal l s back on S imoga, and advances on Nagar, wh ich i s captured

June 1 2 . Conci l iatory proclamat i on s are i ssued, and th e Raiyat s

gai n redres s for many abuses .

July : L i eu t . Burnes v i s i t s Ranj i t S ingh , present i ng h im wi th

a l etter and gift of horses from King Wi l l iam IV .

Aug . 1 6 A detachmen t sen t to Nan i ng agai n st‘Abdul Sayyid ,the Panghulu, for h i s evas ion o f t r i bu te and predatory i ncurs i on sw i th i n the Malacca boundary, advances to Tabo, the Panghulu

’s

res idence,but fai l s to overawe the nat i ves, who overrun the

coun try .

32 8 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

Oct . 3 : The Mai su r Raja,Krishna Udaiyar, i s d ives ted of

pol i t ical power,and a Comm iss i oner

,wi th four super in tenden t s,

placed i n charge of the s tate .

Oct . 2 5 Lord Ben ti n ck,Governor-General

,and Ranj i t S ingh

hold a con ference at Rupar on the Satlaj, when presen t s are

exchanged and rev iews held . Oc t . 3 1 A t the Maharaja’s reques t

an assu rance of perpetual fri endsh ip i s execu ted and given to

h im .

Nov . 2 0 : I n surgen t outrages b reak ou t at Nar ikelbaria i n

Bengal be tween H indt'

i s and Muhammadan Faraiz is under Ti tu

M iyan,a Wahhab i

, and are suppressed after con siderable bloodshed .

March 2 : Rei n forcement s from Madras move agai n s t the

revol t i ng Malays, who res i s t obs t i nately at A lorgaje. June 1 5:

Tabo i s taken after a feeb l e defence,and‘Abdu l Sayy id hav i ng

fled , th e d i str i c t i s al l ocated to fi fteen Panghulus, and the people

se t t l e i n to order .

March 2 0 : The Bengal Government i s au thori sed to express

to the N izam i ts w i sh that th e affai rs o f Mun i r—ul-Mulk and Palmer

8: Co . shou ld be set t led by arb i t rat i on . The Bengal Governmen tand th e N izam form a j o i n t Comm iss ion o f Enqu i ry .

Apri l 4 : Z i - l qa‘da 2,H . 1 2 47 A treaty conc luded w i th the

Am i rs of S i ndh at Haidarabad,provid i ng for a 'free passage along

th e I ndus for vessel s carry i ng European cargoes .

Apri l 6 : The Gaikwad of Baroda,on request of the B ri t i sh

Government,agrees to depos i t w i th the Company ten lakh s o f

rupees for th e paymen t of horse . I n cons iderat ion o f th i sagreemen t, certai n lands h eld i n sequest rat i on s i nce 1 830 are

restored to the Gaikwad.

June 7 : Parsi and Hindu r iots break ou t i n Bombay owingto an order for the dest ruct i o n of pariah dogs . Rio t s break ou ti n Dhar on the appearance of a pre tended raja

,w h o is j o i ned

by the Bh i l s . A Kol i i n surrect i on occu rs on account of the

i ntroduct i on of Bengal i peasan ts to the h i l l d i s t ric ts for thecu l t ivat i on of the land . The revol t i s pu t down by the Company ’st roops .

The Choars of Manbht’

im rebe l,and the i r d i st r ic t i s made a

non - regulat i on province under a Comm iss ioner .

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330

1 834

TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

Two ranges o f h i l l s between the t r ibutar ies of the Barak r iver

annexed to Man ipu r by treat y .

May : Lord Wil l iam Ben t i nck appo inted Commander- in-Ch ief

i n I nd ia,th i s be ing the th i rd i n stance i n wh ich the posts of

Governor-General and Commander-inC hief are vested i n th e

same i nd iv i dual .

J uly : Civ i l wars s topped i n Gwal iar and I ndor by Br i t i sh

i n terven t i on . J u ly 1 0 : Jankoji, th e young successor of S i nd ia,i s carr ied off by h i s sold i ers to camp and proc laimed Maharaja of

Gwaliar. J uly 1 3 Baizabai is persuaded to leave for her es tates

i n Dholpu r .

Ju ly 2 6 : A B i l l grant i ng a renewal of the Company’s

Charter passes the House of Commons . Aug. 2 0 : rece ives the

Royal assen t . Wider adm i ni st rat ive powers conferred on the

Governor-General i n Counc i l : l eg i s lat ive funct ions wi thdrawn

from Madras and Bombay .

Aug . 2 8 : An A ct i s passed requ i r i ng the Company to open

the trade to I ndia,and tea t rade, &c.

,to Ch ina

,form ing a new

era i n B ri t i sh commerce ; terr i tor ial managemen t al one i s con

t i nned to th e Company .

Sep t . 1 3 : A treaty concluded w i th the Bahawalpu r Nawab,Bahawal Khan , wh ich secures h i s i ndependence wi th i n h i s own

terr i tor ie s,and open s up traffic on the I ndus and Satlaj .

Oct . Raja Ramchandrarav Puar of Dhar d ies ; an adopted son

succeed s under the name of Malharrav Puar .

Oct . Malharrav H olkar d ies ; an adopted son i n s tal l ed by

the t i tle of Martandrav Holkar,the adm in i strat ion remai n i ngwi th

Madhavrav Fadnavis. Th i s success ion i s d i sputed by Harirav

Holkar, son of I toji , and cou s i n o f Malharrav.

The Raja of K ing warned agai n s t the perpetrat ion of

further atroc i t i es , and ordered to report al l cases of capi tal

pun i shmen t to the Madras Government .

Brian Hough ton Hodgson sen t as Residen t at Nepal,t i l l

1 844. Made exten s ive researches i n Buddh i s t l i terature,&c.

Jan. Shah Shuj a‘,the exi led Afghan k i ng, l eaves h i s B ri t i s h

refuge at Ludh iana,and i s defeated at Sh ikarpu r by Dost

Muhammad the do far/o ru ler at Kabul . The Shah flees toFarrah

,where h i s cou si n

,Kamran

,plots agai n s t h im . March 1 2

LORD WILL IAM CAVEN D ISH BENTI N CK . 33 1

he en ters in to a t reaty w i th Ranj i t S ingh for th e recovery of h i sdom in ions .

Feb . 2 : The part i sans of Harirav Holkar release him from

pri son at Maheswar, and proc lai m h im at Mandlesar.

March : O n the refusal of the Raja of K i ng to cease h i s

cruel t i e s and oppress ive governmen t , a force of is sen tagai n s t h im i n four d i v i s i ons . Apri l 2 : Col . Li ndsay’s d ivi s iondi sperses a body of K ings

,en ters Madhukaira, Apri l 6 , and

i s j o ined by L i eu t . -Col . S teuart . Apri l 3 : Col . Foul is’advance

stubborn ly res i s ted : he effec ts a j unct ion wi th S teuart’s force at

Vi raraj endrape t . The north column,under Col . Waugh , harassed

by the enemy, su stai n s a repul se at th e Pass o f Bak, and fal l s

back on Rabata. The western auxi l iary column near Belaripetforced to ret i re to Padanpal li .

Apri l 1 0 : Vi ra Raj endra gives h imsel f up to Col . L i nd sayat Madhukaira. May 7 : Col . Fraser, pol i t ical agen t

,by pro

clamat i on , announces the transference o f K i ng t o the governmento f the Company .

March : Harirav Holkar en ters I ndor . A pri l 1 7 : he i s

proclaimed ruler . Martandrav and h i s paren ts are sen t as

Bri t i sh pen s ion ers to the Dekhan .

May 1 Nat ive s o f I ndia admi t ted to the magi s tracy .

June 2 9 : Shah Shuja‘,attacked by the army of Dost Muhammad

at Abbasabad,and to tal l y defeated . He flees to Kala t

, and

thence to S i ndh .

June : The Rao D aisal of Kachh , adm itted previ ously to th e

Counc i l of Regency, i s now placed i n sole charge of the

admin istrat i on .

Ju ne : Lord Macaulay arr i ves at Madras as l egal member of

the Supreme Cour t at Calcuttaf—t i l l 1 838 .

Disputes occur between the Rana of Kota and h i s rul i ngm i n i ster

,Madan S i ngh ; the n ew pri nc ipal i ty of Jhalavar i s

c reated as a separate provi s ion for the descendants of Zal i m

Si ngh .

J u ly 1 : De tachment s are sen t to re i n force those i n Ganjam ,

where the cu l t i vators of K imedi had r i sen agai n s t the i r raja, and

had defeated the fi rs t detachment sent agains t them .

332 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I NDIA .

Ju ly 1 0 : Lord Wi l l iam Bent i nck announces the con st i tu t i on

of the new Pres idency of A gra. S i r Charles Metcal fe appointed

fi rst P res iden t .

Man S i ngh of Jodhpu r, at war wi th h is ch i efs, appeal s to th eBri t i sh for hel p agai n s t a claiman t to the throne

,Dhokal S i ngh ;

but prov i ng t roubl esome i s con fron ted by a force u nder GeneralS teven son .

H . 1 2 50 Am i r Khan of Tonk d ies ; h i s son , Vazi r MuhammadKhan

,succeeds .

The dowager Ran i of Jaypu r d ies . Sangh i Jotaram ,th e

m in i ster,becomes v irtual ly regen t

,the young Raja’s power bei ng

nom inal . Dec . A force from Ajm ir is sent to uphold the Raja’s

author i ty i n Shaikawati .

Nov . 2 9 : A treaty , supplementary to that o f 1 832 , wi th Ranj i t

S i ngh subs t i tu tes a tol l on boat s for du t i es on cargoes brough tdown th e I ndus . Dec . A S im i lar t reaty concluded wi th the

Am i rs of S i ndh .

A Roman Cathol i c b i sh opr i c establ i sh ed fo r Bengal at Cal cut ta.

Jan. 7 : Add i t i onal officers appoi nted to col lect ev iden ce

agai n s t the Thags i n th e Narbada, Gauges and Jamna,Malwa

and Raj pu tana d ist r ic ts .

Jan. Bernardo Peres da Si lva (a nat i ve of I nd ia) appo in tedto the Por tuguese governmen t w i th the t i t l e of Prefec t . A revol tagai n s t th i s officer takes place at G oa

,Dom Manoel de Portugal

tak i ng office for for ty -e igh t hours,and plac ing i n charge Joaqu im

Manoe l Correi ra da S i lva e Gama. Feb . 1 0 a react ion i n favour

of Peres da S i l va l eads to a m i l i tary revol t and the e lect ion o f

Col . Joao Cas im i r da Rocha Vasconel lo (Pres iden t) and a Counci lof two.

Jan. 2 8 : Lord Heytesbu ry sworn i n as Governor-General .May 4 : H is appoi ntment i s revoked by a new m in i st ry .

Feb . 1 : The Raja of S ikk im presen t s Darj i l i ng to the East

I nd ia Company, and recei ves a pen si on of 30 0 0 R s. per annum .

Feb . 2 5 Corp oral pun i shment i n the nat i ve army i s abol i shedby Lord Wi l l iam Ben t inck .

Feb . The Raja of ‘J-aypur, Jaysingh I I I d ies—po i soned, i t

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334

A 0 1 ) .

TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA.

GEORGE EDEN,EARL OF AUCKLAND.

March 2 0 : Lord Auckland arr ives as Govern or-General , t i l lFeb . 1 84 2 . Si r Char les Me tcal fe ret i res to the L i eu tenan tGovernorsh ip of Agra. The Court o f D irec tors cen sures S i r C .

Metcal fe for h i s l iberat ion of the Press,and pass h im over i n the

appoi n tmen t of Governor of Madras,upon wh ich h e re t i res

from the Company ’s serv ice .

The Nawab of Bhopal concerts a plot to se i ze th e powerfrom h i s w i fe and mother—in-law

,but is frustrated and pu t under

res trai n t .

Maharana K irat S ingh of Dholpu r d ies . Bhagwan S ingh

succeeds .

S ri D rigb i jai S i ngh succeeds h i s brother, Raja Jaynarayan

S ingh,as ch ie f of Bal rampur. Driven out of h i s terr i tory by

Darshan S ingh , b e subsequen t ly recovers h i s raj .

Bombay made a B ishop’s see . Rev . Thomas Carr appo in ted

fi rs t bi sh op .

A Chamber of Commerce es tabl ished at Madras .

Dec . 7 Fr . Constant in o de Santa Ri ta d ies : Col . Joao Cabral

de E stifique, L i eu t . -Col . An ton i o Mar ia de Mel lo, and J oaqu im

Anton io de Moraes Carnei ro are elec ted as Counci l at Goa.

Jan . 3 : Bombay Bank proposed and shares subscribed for ;2 0 th : A . S . Finlay appoin ted secretary ; Feb . 2 the cap i tal fixed

at fi fty lakhs,the chai rman be ing S i r Charles Mal colm . I t was

bi t ter ly opposed from Bengal t i l l 1 840 .

March 4 : Si r Freder ick A dam res ign s the Governorsh ip ofMadras . March 6 : Lord Elph i n s tone succeeds, t i l l Sept . 2 4, 1 842 .

Apri l 30 : Akbar Khan , son of Dos t Muhammad of Kabul ,sen t agai n s t the S ikh s at Jamrt

‘

id and defeat s them . Dos t

Muhammad sends a l etter to Lord Auckland seek i ng al l iance .

His brothers seek protect i on from Pers ia and Russia. S irAlex

ander Burnes sen t on a m iss ion,nom i nal ly commerc ial , bu t

real l y pol i t ical,to Dos t Muhammad . He d i scovers the presence

of a Russian agen t,and advi ses the support of Dos t Muhammad .

Thi s advice is rej ected . An ambassador from the Czar,Capt .

Vikovich,arr ives i n Qandahar.

J uly : Muhammad ‘A l i , Shah of Pers ia. sets ou t to be s iege

TI I E EARL OF AUCKLAND . 335

Hara t , accompan ied by a Russ ian envoy wi th officers and t roops .

Harat i s i nvested from Nov . 1 837 to Sep t . 1 838 ; bu t i s defended

by Eldred Pott i nger and the Vazi r .

Aug . 30 : Capt . Burnes’s m is s ion reaches the Khai bar, and

arr i ves at Kabu l,Sept . 2 0 . Captai n V ikovich comes from

Qandahar.

Ju ly 7 : Nasi r-ud-din dies of po i son at Lucknow . Col . Lowassembles t roops to preven t the acces s io n of a spur iou s he i r .Ju ly 8 : the Bri t i sh cand idate

,unc le of the late k ing, succeeds

as Muhammad ‘A l i .Sep t . 2 8 Akbar Shah I I . of Deh l i d ies ; his son,

Muhammad

Bahadur Shah I I .,the las t K i ng o f Dehl i

,succeeds as t i tu lar

sovereign .

Nov . 2 9 : Jahangi r Muhammad Khan rece ives i nves t i tu re as

Nawab of Bhopal . S ikandar Begam ret i res to l ive w i th hermo ther

, Qudsia Begam .

Nov . S imao I n fante de Lacerda Barao de Sabroso arr ives at

G oa as Governor-General .

March 7 : Dost Muhammad requests that the S ikh garr i son

be removed from Peshawar wh ich should be held by an A fghan ,under the Maharaja of Labor .

Apr i l 2 5 : Capt. Burnes leaves Kabul . May 2 2 : LordAuckland declares war. The Russ ian Capt . V ikovich now i n

h igh favou r at Kabu l .

June 2 4 : The Pers ian s before Harat defeated by Eldred

Pot t i nger . Sep t . 8 They are compel led to rai se th e s iege, when

the Pers ian sovereign retu rn s to Persia.

Husai n Husai n i Agha Khan , the I sma‘i l i Imam ,

revol t s agai n s t

Muhammad‘A l i Shah of Pers ia, se i zes the governmen t o f Ker inau,and keeps up a con tes t w i th the royal t roops t i l l 1 840 .

Ju ly 9 : Si r Rober t Gran t, Governor of Bombay, d ies of

apoplexy at Dapuri , aged 59 .

Sept . 1 5 : The Bri t i sh Governmen t, wi th the con sen t o f th e

ru l i ng ch ief, Khem Sawant, takes over the adm i n i s trat io n of

Sawantwadi .

Oc t . 1 : Lord A uck land i n a man i festo announces that the

Barakhzai t r ibe wou ld be replaced by the Saduzai , Shah Shuj a‘.

336 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA .

The lat ter wi th S i r W . H . Macnaghten of the Bengal C.S . leaves

for Sh ikarpur,fol lowed i n Dec . by S i r Wi l loughby Cotton .

Oct . 3 : Humayt'

in Jah,Nawab of Bengal , d ies . His son,

Man su r‘A l i,succeeds u nder the name Faridt

’

in Jab , w i th a s t i pendof s i x teen lakhs of rupees .

Oct . 2 2 : Pol i t i cal relat i on s w i th Bahawal pu r establ i shed by atreaty wh ich provides that the B ri t i sh Governmen t pro tec t s thes tate, wh i l e the Nawab is bound to act i n co-operat i on w i th

Governmen t,and acknowledge i ts supremacy .

Nov. 2 9 : Bawa Sah i b of Kolhapur d ies . His son, Shivaj i,succeeds under a counci l o f regency . Misru le becomes so greatt hat the Bri t i sh Governmen t appoin ts as mi n i s ter Daj i Kri shna

Pandu.

Javan Si ngh , Rana of Udaypur, d ies . Rana Sardar S i ngh , hisadopted son , succeeds .

Dec . S i r J ohn Keane’s force i n S indh , on rozrz‘e for Kabul

,i s

obstruc ted by the M i rs . After threaten ing to march on Haidar

abad , he i s abl e to proceed .

Dec . 2 6 Raghuji Angria of Kolaba d ies .

Ludh iana,for wan t of hei rs , lapses to the E L Company .

Jan. 2 8 : A posthumous son of Raghuji Angria of Kolaba i sborn : h i s s uccess i on recogn i sed under th e name of Kanoj i

Angria.

Jan. A n army of i n the cause of Shah Shaj a‘, under MrMacnaghten, and a Panjab force of arr ive at Rohri , crosses

the I ndu s,se i zes Bakhar and Dadar .

March 2 8 : S i r A . Burnes negot iates a treaty w i th M ihrab

Khan of Kal a t i n wh i ch the lat ter agrees to pay homage toShah Sht

‘

ija‘of Afghan i s tan . The draft t reaty i s s tolen by Mul la

Husai n , th e hered i tary m i n i s ter al legi ng the Khan’s gu i l t .

Apri l 6 : S i r J oh n Keane , after deten t ion i n S i ndh , arr i ves

to take command . Apri l 2 1 The force reache s Qandahar, where

Shah Shi ija‘is en th roned .

Col . Sutherland marches to J odhpur to res tore qu ie t , and

hold s th e cap i tal for five mon th s . Man Singh now bi nds h im sel f

to respect the ancien t u sages of the cou ntry i n determ in ing therigh t s of the nobles, to adm i t a Bri t i sh agen t , and to pay tr ibu te

and arrears .

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338

A . D .

THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA.

1 839 office at Goa as Governor-General , having come to I nd ia oz’

a

Egypt

S i r Col i n Campbel l,Governor of Ceylon

,t i l l 1 847.

Jan. Lord Auck land v i si t s S i nd ia at Gwal iar.

Apri l 1 : The Bank of Bombay , afte r much oppos i t i o n to i t sobtai n i ng a Charter

,secures prem i ses and Open s on 1 sth Apri l .

Apri l 1 6 : The Barao de Candal d ies : a Counci l h olds office

t i l l Sep t . 2 4, when J oaqu im Lopes de L ima assumes governmen tby appo intmen t as i n terim governor .

Apri l : The Ghi lzai s revo l t, bu t are reduced to temporary

submi ss ion,confi rmed by the prom i se of a smal l s t i pend .

Apri l : KanhOj i Angria of Kolaba (an i n fan t) d ies . The l i n enow bei ng ex t i nc t

,the widows of Raghuji wish to adopt a son ,

bu t the two claimant s are rej ec ted by Government,and the stat e

annexed to the Bri t i sh dom i n ion s .

May : Maj or Cartley’

s report es tab l i shes the pract icabi l i tyof a Jamna canal scheme .

The Nepal ese se i ze several v i l lages i n the Ramnagar d i str i ct,wi thdrawing when host i l i t i es are th reatened .

Ju ly : Kala t occupi ed by a son of the deceased Khan .

A ug. The Bal uchi s defeat a Bri t i sh de tachmen t and cap tu re

th ree gu n s . Nov . 3 : General Not t recovers Kalat and br ings

re i nforcements from S i ndh to reopen commun icat i on s .

Agha Khan Mehelati,the Imam of the I sma‘i l i Khojas

,i s

d riven from Kerman by superi or forces,and escapes

’

through

Baluch i s tan to S i ndh where he i s recei ved by the Talpur Am i rs .

Ju ly : Dos t Muhammad at temp t i ng i n the nor th and wes t toregai n power i s repeated ly checked . Sept . 1 8 : He i s defeatedby Col . Denn ie n ear Saighan . Nov . 2 : After defeat i ng Sal e at

Parwandara,Dost Muhammad gi ves h im sel f up to Macnaghten

at Kabu l whence he i s s en t to Calcu tta with S i r Wi l loughbyCot ton .

Nov. 5 : Raja Kharag S i ngh of Labor d ies . His son,Raja

Nau Nihal S ingh,succeeds

,but on com ing from h i s father’s

funeral sus tai n s an acc iden t from wh ich he d ies . Nov . 1 7 The

Ran i Chand Kunwar admi n i sters th e s tate t i l l 1 84 1 .

A . D .

1 840

THE EA RL OF A UCKLA ND . 339

Gov ind Rao of Jalaun dy i ng w i thout i ssue,the stat .) lapses to

the B ri t i sh Governmen t .

The Bri t i sh Res iden t is expel led from A va.

Jan. Raja Sher S i ngh , second son of Ram Chand Kunwar

and of Kharag Si ngh , takes over th e adm in i strat i on of Labor.

Jan. 1 2 : A sanad i s granted to Venkatrav Ghorpade on h i s

acces s i on to the throne of Sundur.

Feb . Renewed ri s i ngs of the Khaibaris and Ghi lzai s are

suppressed by Col s . No t t and Wymer. Akbar Khan gai n s a

fol lowing of and revol t s at Gir i shk . The Afghans i n

Koh is tan al so rebel . Eldred Pot t i nger escapes to Kabu l .

Oct . 9 : The 35th N . I . under Col . Monteath sudden ly

at tacked by Afghans i n camp near Kabul . Sal e c lears th e passes

and reaches Gandamak on Oct. 30 .

Nov. 2 S i r Alexander Burnes, Envoy-elect at Kabul , mobbed

and m urdered i n h i s h ou se . The B ri t i sh treasu ry i s pl undered .

Nov. 2 2 : Negot iat ion s w i th A kbar Khan resu l t i n Eld red

Pott i nger w i th twen ty others be ing le ft as hostages . Dec . 2 3 :

Si r Wi l l iam Macnaghten con fers on th e plai n w i th Akbar Khan

who murders the envoy wi th his own hand . Capt . Trevor i s

al so k i l led .

I n con sequence of renewed aggress ion s and i ncreas i ng d i s

organ i sat ion i n the coun try, the whole of th e Bhutan Dwars areannexed , and a sum of rupees al l ot ted to the ch ie fs i n

compen sat ion . No wri t ten agreemen t made. The Dwars are

formal ly annexed i n 1 865.

Harirav Holkaradopts as hei r a d i s tant relat ive,Khanderav, a

boy of th i rteen .

Jan. I General Elph i n s tone s ign s a capi tu lat i on w i th the

Afghan ch iefs to ret i re from A fghan i stan and pay 6 , rupees,

l eavi nghostages .

Jan. 6 : The Bri t i sh force, st rong, with about

camp fol lowers bes ides women and ch i ldren , leave Kabul , bu t are

at tacked by tr ibesmen on ly about 30 0 reach Jagdalak , where

General Elph i n stone i s se i zed as a pri soner by Akbar Khan .

Twenty men reach Gandamak where they are overpowered , and

340 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

on ly Dr B rydon reaches Jala labad,held by S i r Rober t Sal e

,on

Jan. 1 3.

Jan. 1 2 : General Nott de feats th e forces of Muhammad

Akbar Khan and Safdar Jang, at Qandahar .

Jan. 1 5 Brigad ier Wi ld en ters th e Khai bar and captu res ‘A liMasj id , but for wan t of suppor t abandons i t and ret i res . 2 6 th

General Sal e and Cap t . Macgregor concert wi th the officers for

a safeconduc t th rough the Khai bar ; Capt . G . Broadfoot and

two o thers oppose th i s and the reply from Shah Shuja‘bei ngunsat i sfac tory, Jalalabad i s pu t i n a state of de fence . Feb . 1 5

The Commander- in—Chie f, S i r J . N ico l l s,wi th S i r George R . Clerk

,

Governor-General’s agen t,and Capt. Henry Lawrence

, author i sed

to rel i eve Jalalabad, General Pol lock to carry th i s ou t and then

retu rn . Feb . 1 9 : An earthquake shakes down much of the

defences at Jalalabad and i s fo l lowed by very many shocks for a

mon th .

LORI) ELLENBOROUGH .

Feb . 2 1 : Lord Ellenborough arr ives at Madras as Governor

General ; deal s w i th mu t i nou s ou tbreak s i n the Madras army ;Feb . 2 8 : reaches Cal cu t ta.

Feb . 2 2 : Akbar Khan i nves ts Jalalabad and harasses the

garr i son .

March 5 : Col . Palmer capi tu lates at Ghazn i,under promi se

of safe-conduct by the Gh i lzai s : bu t they at tack the S ipahis

and massacre most of them ; th e officers are sen t to Kabu l .

Aug. 1 9 th e S ipahis are di st r ibu ted as s laves .

March 7 : General No t t led his t roops agai n s t the Afghans

who re t i red before h im t i l l 1 0 th,when the Ghazi s at tack Qandahar .

Afte r a desperate s truggle they are repu l sed by Maj or Lane and

Capt . H . Rawl in son . Not t return s on 1 2 th.

Apri l 5 : Shah Shuja‘i s m urdered near Kabu l and later h i s

son,Fath i Jang, i s se t on the masnad, bu t Muhammad Akbar Khan ,

Vazi r,rul es the oppos i t i on . Apri l 7 General Sal e attacks Akbar

Khan ’s camp and gai n s a complete v i ctory . A pri l 5 : General

Pol lock’s force en ters the Khaibar ; 1 6 th , reaches Jalalabad .

2 3rd General Elph i n s tone d ies , a pri soner, at Tezi n .

May 1 7 : Rabi‘I I . 5, H . 1 2 58 :

‘Abu l Fath Mu in ud-din

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342 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA .

The Kabul bazar and a mosque are blown up ; and Oc t . 1 2 thearmy leaves Kabu l i n th ree d iv i s i on s .

Sep t . 1 9 : Franci sco Xavie r da S i lva Perei ra, Conde des

Antas,takes over the adm in i s trat i on o f Portuguese I nd ia, now

d istu rbed by m i l i tary revol ts .

Sep t . 2 4 : The Marqu i s o f Tweeddal e,Governor o f Madras ,

t i l l Feb . 2 3, 1 848 .

Nov . 3 : General Po l lock’s d iv i s ion arr ives at Peshawar .

6th General Not t,wi th the rear d iv i s ion

,arrives .

Kamran Shah A bdal i of Harat strangl ed by h i s m i n i s ter, Yar

Khan A lakozai .

Dos t Muhammad,l i berated by Lord El lenborough to re turn

to his coun try,where he resumes h i s place as Am i r .

Dec . The H industan,

” the fi rs t P . and O . steamer to I ndia,arr i ves at Madras .

Dec . 1 7-2 3 : Lord Ellenborough hold s a pageant at Ferozpu r

to rece ive the army from Kabu l .

Dec . 1 8 : S i r Charl es Nap ie r c lai m s the d i s tr i c t s o f Sab zalkotand Bhungbara from the S indh Am i rs to be reannexed toBahawal pu r .

Rana Sardar S ingh of Udaypur d ies . Rana Sarup S ingh , his

bro ther, succeeds .

Tej S i ngh of Urchha d ies . Sarjan Si ngh,an adopted hei r,

succeeds,after oppos i t i on from the w idow of Dharma Pal .

Jan. Maj or Outram recal led from Bombay to conduc t the

negot iat i on s w i th the Talpurs of S i ndh .

Feb . 4 : Jankaji S i nd ia d ies w i thou t issue . H is w idow ,aged th i r teen , adopts Bhagiratrav, who i s i n s tal l ed as

‘A l i JahJ iyaji S ind ia. The Governor-General recogn i ses Mama Sah ib ,uncle of Jankaji, as regen t, bu t th e Ram give s her support to

Dada Khasji , who becomes all-powerfu l at Gwal iar. The Res iden t

i s wi thdrawn to Dholpu r .

Feb . 1 2 : The old Am i r Rustam , arr i vi ng at Haidarabad, al l

the Am i rs,excep t Nasi r Khan of Khai rpu r, S ign the treary—no t,

however,adm i t t i ng gu i l t . Feb . 1 5 : Maj or Ou tram i s attacked

i n the Res idency at Haidarabad by abou t t roops under

Mir Shahdad Khan , and obl iged,after a brave defence, to

LORD ELLEN BOROUGH . 343

abandon i t,and escape on a s teamer to Hala

,—j o i n ing S i r C .

Napier, who marches next day to Matari .

Feb . 1 7 : Napie r defeats the S indh army of t roops at

M ian i , tak ing the i r camp and art i l lery . S i x of the Am i rs g ivethemsel ves up

,and are afterward s sen t to Bombay . Haidarabad

is occup ied on the 2 0 th.

March 5 : The Governor-General confi rm s Mir‘A li Murad ,

Khan of Khai rpur,i n h i s estates . March 1 3 : S i r Charles Napier

is appoin ted Governor of S indh,and is d irec ted to suppress the

slave trade i n i t .

March 2 4 : M ir Sher Muhammad of M i rpur,wi th a force of

men,i s de feated at Dabo by General Nap ie r. M i rpur

is taken,and Apr i l 4 : Arnarkot fortress y ie lds to the force sen t

agai n s t i t .

Feb . Martabar S ingh , son of Bh im Singh Thapa, th e ex i led

m in i s te r of Nepal , i s recal led from Sim la, and Apr i l 1 7, arr ivesat Kathmandu al ong w i th h i s nephew

,Kaj i Jang Bahadu r .

Dec . 2 5 Martabar S i ngh i s appo i nted Prime M in i s te r.

A pr i l 2 5 : Joaqu im Garcez Palha succeeds by Paten t of

Succes s io n to the adm in i s trat ion of Portuguese I nd ia.

Man S ingh of Jodhpur d ies w i thou t i ssue,and withou t adopt

i ng an he i r . By choice of the w idows and s tate offic ial s Takh t

S i ngh of A hmadnagar i s i nv i ted to Jodhpu r. Di sturbancesprevai l i n th e s tate duri ng h i s re ign .

June 8 : Col . Roberts engage s and to tal ly defeats the Am i rShah Muhammad wi th men

,tak ing the i r l eader pr isoner.

June 1 4 : Capt. Jacob , at tacked by Sher Muhammad,wi th

Bal uch i s , completely rou tes them .

Sept . 6 : Chandulal, the N izam’s m in i s ter o r Peshkar, res ign s

office on account of the financ ial d i sorgan i sat ion of the s tate andre ti re s on a month ly pens i on of rupees . He d ied

Apri l 1 5, 1 845. His successor makes no effort to pay the arrears

due to th e supreme Governmen t, and i t demand s terri tor ial

securi ty .

The pos t of Res iden t at Mai su r is abol i shed , and S i r Mark

Cubb on made Comm i ss ioner.

Sept . 1 5 : Sher Singh of Labor, and h is son,Pratap S i ngh ,

and thei r fam il ies mas sacred by Sardar A j i t S ingh . Di l ip S ingh ,reputed son of Ranj i t S ingh , i n s tal l ed as Maharaja at th e age of

344 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA .

six years . Sep t . 1 6 : H i ra S i ngh , son of Dhyan S ingh , Vazi r,puts Aj i t S ingh and others to death .

Oc t . 2 4 : Harirav of I ndor d ies . Khanderav, the adopted

he i r, succeeds by arrangemen t of the Res iden t , wi th the t i t le ofTukajirav Holkar.

S lavery is abol i shed th roughou t Br i t i sh I nd ia.

Dec . 2 6 : An army under S i r Hugh Gough proceeds to

Hingona i n Gwal iar terr i tory , and Lord Ellenborough requ ire s

of the Mara tha vak i l s th e recogn i t i on of Mani a Sah ib as regen tand the reduc t i on of the army . These be ing refused

,the

Governor-General w i th abou t troops moves towardsGwaliar.

Dec . 2 9 : A t Maharaj pur,the Marathas, wi th troops

and 1 0 0 guns,i n an en trench ed camp

,are defeated wi th great l oss .

The same day, General Grey, com i ng from Bundelkhand wi th

troops,defeats a Maratha army es t i mated at at

Panni ar . The Darbar now subm i ts,and the army of i s

reduced to and a Bri t i sh con t ingen t of seven regiment s

of i n fan t ry and two of caval ry i s to be mai n tai ned .

1 844 Jan. 1 3 : The sovere ign ty at Gwal iar i s secu red for J iyajiS i nd ia by treaty

,th e governmen t dur ing h i s m i nor i ty to be

carr i ed on under the Res iden t’s advice . The Ram is pens ionedoff.

The m isru le at Kolhapu r hav ing become notorious,the

governmen t is taken under di rec t B r i t i sh con trol , the forts are

di sman t led and th e army d isbanded .

Feb . 1 7 : Khanderav Holkar d ies . There be i ng n o l i neal

he i r,and no person who had a r igh t to adopt, th e Res iden t, S i r

R . Hami l ton , i s i n st ruc ted to make a sel ec t i on . He i rregularl y

in s tal s Tukajirav, younger son of Bhao Holkar, and is cen su redby Governmen t .

Feb . The nat ive i n fantry warned for service i n S i ndh refuse

to march to the t rans-I ndus d i st r i c t w i thou t ex t ra pay. A t

Ambala they agree to proceed . March 4 : S i r Hugh Goughd isbands the 34th I nfan try. Further d i scon ten t ensues . A t

Bombay al so mut i ny occu rs .

May : Capt . Macpherson report s th e decl i ne o f humansacrifice among the G t

'

imsurKandhs.

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346 TH E CH RONOLOGY OF I ND IA .

Dec . A wri tten address of thanks i s tendered to th e GovernorGeneral by the Babas .

Nov . 2 0 : The Rani gai n s over the troops, and, Nov . 2 1 them in i s ters

,H i ra S ingh and Pand i t Jala

,take to fl igh t

,are pursued

and s lai n . The Ran i govern s through her bro ther, Jawah i r S i ngh .

An an t i -Bri t i sh feel i ng i s fos tered at Lahor .

Dec . 9 : Nawab Muhammad Jahangi r of Bhopal d i es . Hisw i l l

,appoi n t i ng an i l leg i t i mate son, Dus tagi r , h i s successor i s

se t as ide,and his daughter Shah Jahan Begam ,

recogn i sed by the

Bri t i sh Governmen t . Faujdar Muhammad Khan , her granduncl e,ac t s as regen t along w i th S ikandar Begam .

Feb . 2 2 : Tranquebar, Serampur, and land at Balasor, bei ngth e Dan i sh possess ion s

,are t ransferred to the E L Co . by

Chri s t ian VI I I . of Denmark for R s . rat ified by the

Cour t of Di rec tors J uly 2 .

Martabar S ingh , pr ime m in i s te r o f Nepal , murdered at the

i n s t igat i on of the Ram.

March 2 -

9 : The Baltich robber tri bes D i'

imkis, B t’

igtis,

Khosas, Jakranis, Mazaris, &c. , on the nor th b order of S indh , are

crushed and dr i ven i n to Trak i by S i r Charles Nap ier where they

lay down the i r arm s .

May 7 The Cour t of Di rec tors inqu i re of the I nd ian Govern

men t regard i ng the cons truc t i on of rai lways i n I nd ia.

Sep t . 2 1 Jawahi r S i ngh , brother of J i ndan Kuwar, murdered

by the sold iery at Labor. The S ikh s try to tamper w i th the

al legiance of the Company’s sold iers at Fi rozpu r .

Dec . 3 : The Governor-General arr i ves at Ambala to v is i t the

C i s-Satlaj s tates ; 7 hear s th e S ikhs are prepar i ng for a campaign ;

9 that part o f the army of the Khal sa was near the Satlaj ; 1 1

reques ts Lord Gough , Commander- in-Chief,to move up force s

from Ambala,Mirat, &c . The Rajas

,Tej S i ngh and La l S i ngh ,

had crossed the Satlaj wi th the Khalsa army i n great force .

They i nves ted Firozpur on one s ide,and took up an i n t renched

pos i t i on at F iroz shah.

Dec . 1 1 : S i r Hugh Gough hu rr ied ly leaves Ambala wi th h i s

army for M t'

idki ; Dec . 1 8 The S ikh s at once at tack the advance

guard atM i'

idki,bu t are dr iven back three m i les , l os i ng heavi ly i n

men and seven teen guns . General S i r R . Sal e mortal ly wounded .

LORD HARDI NGE . 347

Dec . 2 1 : General Gough at tacked the en trenched camp ofthe S ikhs u nder Lal S i ngh at F iroz shah, -Si r H . Hard inge com

mand ing the left w ing—carr ied the i r fi rs t l i n e of works,and

encamped for the n igh t. Dec . 2 2 : At daybreak the second l in e

of the S ikhs is carr ied and seven ty -four gun s captured . Tej S i ngh

br i ngs up a large fie ld of ar t i l lery and troops and t r ies to

regai n the posi t i on,bu t i s repu lsed w i th great l oss . Maj or B road

foot and several officers k i l led th e loss was 694 k i l led and

wounded .

Dec . 2 7 The S ikh army recrossed the Satlaj unmoles ted .

For sympathy w i th the S ikh i nvaders D evendra Singh of Nabha

i s deposed and ass igned a pen s ion,—a fourth of his terr i tory i s

gi ven to the ch iefs of Pat iala and Faridko t . For the same reason

the Sardar of Kapr‘

rrthala i s depr i ved of h i s pos sess ion s on the leftbank o f the Satlaj.

Husai n Husai n i Agha Khan , the Sh i‘ah I sma‘i l i I mam , goes

to Bombay and i s rece i ved by the Khoj a commun i ty as the i r

re l igious head .

Roman Cathol i c v icar iates establ i shed i n Eas tern Bengal ,Kanara

,Koimbatur, Haidarabad , Mai su r, Patna, Kol lam , and th e

Malay Pen i n sula.

Dec . 3 1 Lord Hard inge,by proclamat i on

,recal l s all nat i ve s

of H i ndustan from the Panj ab .

Jan. Sardar R anjt’

i rS ingh Maji thia crosses the Satlaj at Phi laur,threaten ing Ludh iana, and General S i r Harry Sm i th , who had

forced th e D hararnkot garr i son to surrender on 1 8th, i s ordered

to march from D haramkot by Jagraon to oppose h im . Jan. 2 8

Si r H . Sm i th at tacks the S ikh camp at Al iwal andgai n s a comple te

vi c tory,driv ing the S ikh s i n con fusi on across th e r iver and captur

i ng the camp and fi fty gun s .

Feb . 1 0 : General S i r H . Sm ith j o i n s S i r Hugh Gough who

at tacks the great fort ified S ikh camp oppos i te Sobraon , and after

a desperate struggle dr ives Tej S i ngh and the S ikh s across the

r iver,i n wh ich many per i sh . Thei r camp and s i x ty- seven p ieces

o f art i l lery was cap tured . The same day th e Br i t i sh army began

to cross i n to th e Panjab .

Feb . 1 5 Raja Gulab S ingh , D iwan D inanath, and Faqi r Nar

ud-din arr i ve at th e Br i t i sh camp at Kasar to t reat for terms .

348 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA .

1 8th : D i l ip S i ngh meets th e Governor-General at Lal iana . 1 7th

Ph i laur fortress surrenders to B rigad ier Wheele r. 2 2nd: S i r HughGough wi th a brigade occup ies the c i tadel of Labor. March 9Treaty of peace s igned ; th e Lahor governmen t to g ive up theterr i tory between the Satlaj and B iyas, and i n l i eu of par t o f themoney i ndemn i ty, the h i l l terr i tory of Kashm i r andHazara ; to pay1 0 0 lakhs of rupees ; to d i sband the mu t inou s army and reduce andreorgan i se a smal ler force ; to gi ve up the th i rty- s i x remai n i ng gun s

that had been poi n ted agai n st th e B ri t i sh ; and the Ind ian Governmen t to arbi trate i n al l d i sputes . Kashm i r and Jamu are given

to Raja Gulab S ingh on paymen t of seven ty-five lakhs o f rupees

par t o f th e indemn i ty claimed .

March 2,6 : The Governor-General and S i r Hogh Gough are

rai sed to the peerage .

Ramavarma of Travankor d ie s . Martanda Varma succeed s .

J une . Tribu te from Udaypur reduced to two lakh s o f rupees .

Shai kh Imam ud-din,Governor of Kashm i r, refu ses to ac

knowledge the sovere ign ty of Gulab S ingh , and defeats h i s t roops .

Brigad ier Wheeler, wi th CO1. Henry Lawrence, the Res iden t ,proceed s wi th troops to aid Gulab S ingh ; Imam ud-din s tatedthat he was act i ng u nder i n st ruc t i on s from Lal S i ngh

,Vazi r of

Labor, and afterward s su rrenders to CO] . Lawrence . H is s tate

men t proving true,th e Governor -General demands the ex i l e o f

Vazi r Lal S i ngh .

Aug . 1 : Babu D warkanath Tagor, a Hindu ph i lanth rop i st ,d ied i n London .

Aug . 6 : Hon . Lestock Robert Reid , officiat i ng Governor o f

Bombay on the ret i ral o f S i r George Arthu r, t i l l Jan. 2 8, 1 847.

Sept . 1 4 : Th irty-one i nfl uen t ial ch i efs o f Nepal pu t to death

by Jang Bahadur, nephew of Martabar S ingh . Jang Bahadur

now becomes pr i me m i n i s ter .

Dec . 1 6 : An agreemen t execu ted at the reques t o f the LaborDarbar, by wh ich a Res iden t w i th an es tabl i shmen t should be

appoi nted to have con trol of al l mat ters of the s tate , a Counc i lo f Regency to conduct the adm in i s t rat ion ; a Bri t i sh force to bemai n tai ned , and twen ty -two lakh s of Nanakshahi rupees to bepai d for i t per annum and the Ram to have a handsome al low

ance, re t i r i ng from any share i n the governmen t . Th is arrange

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350 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA.

Dec . 1 9 : Sayajirav Gaikwad, of Baroda d ies . Ganpatrav, h i sson

,succeeds .

Faujdar Muhammad Khan,regen t of Bhopal , res ign s, and

Sikandar Begam hersel f conducts the affai rs of s tate .

A Roman Cathol ic vi car iate es tabl i shed at Jafna.

Lord Hard inge reduces the nat ive army to a peace foot ing.

EARL OF DALHOUS IE .

1 848 Jan. 1 2 : Earl Dalhou s ie arr i ves at Cal cu t ta as Governor

General i n success ion to Lord Hard i nge, who l eaves Calcu t ta on

the 1 8th .

Feb . 2 3 : Lord Tweeddal e leaves Madras and Mr Henry

D ick i n son acts as governor t i l l Apr i l 7th, when Si r Henry

Pott i nger takes office , t i l l Apr i l 2 4, 1 854.

Col . Campbel l led a brigade of S ipahis agai n s t th e Raja ofAngi

‘

i l,who was taken pri soner. He persuades the Bodh ch ie fs to

give up Meria sacrifices . May : The rebel ch i ef Chokra Bisoi, i s

dr iven ou t of Bodh and 1 35 morz'

as del ivered i n to Bri t i sh protec

t i on .

Apri l 5 : Shahajr Raja of Satara d ies . On h i s deathbed he

adopts a son whose success ion is not acknowledged,and Satara i s

annexed by the Bri t i sh Governmen t i n 1 849 , al l owances beingmade to Shahaji

’

s three widows .

A pri l 1 8 : Mr Vans A gnew, ass i s tan t to the Labor Res iden t ,and L i eu t . Anderson , hav ing accompan ied Khan S ingh to Mul tan ,murdered at the i n s t igat ion of Mnlraj, the Governor of Mul tan .

May 1 Luc iu s Bent i nck,Vi scoun t Falk land

,successor to S i r

G . R . Clerk as Governor of Bombay, t i l l Dec . 2 6,1 853.

May 8 : The Labor Ran i , found i ntr igu ing, i s deported to

Banares ; and two conspi rators are hanged .

May 1 8 A par ty of 30 0 of L ie u t . Herber t E dwardes’

s horse

at Leya , at tacked by 40 0 Mul tan horse, defeat them wi th the

loss of the i r gu n s . 2 oth Col . Cortlandt from Dera I smai l Khanhavi ng j o i ned Edwardes, they agai n defeat the S ikh s w i th great

s laughter .

June 1 8 : Edwardes,j o i ned by a force from Bahawalpu r, i s

attacked near Shujabad by the Mul tan force, and C0 1. Cortlandt

EARL OF DALHOU S I E . 35 1

A . D .

1 848 coming up wi th art i l lery, the S ikh s gave way and fled,l os ing s i x

guns

J uly 1 L i eu t . Edwardes,j oi ned by a force u nder Imam ud-din,

at tacks the en t renched camp of Mr‘i lraj at Sadusam , and after a

severe engagement the i n surgen t s fled i nto Mul tan .

Aug. 1 8 : General Wh ish arr i ves at Mul tan ; and, Sept . 4, th eheavy gun s arri ve and he lays s iege to Multan . Sept . 1 2 : A

general at tack made successfu l ly on the ou tworks of the town .

1 4th Sher S i ngh wi th h i s con t i ngen t of men wen t over to

the enemy and th e s iege i s rai sed ; Sep t . 1 5 : th e Br i t i sh force

encamps at S t‘

rraj—kund on the Ch i nab .

Sept . Chat tar S i ngh , the father of Sher Si ngh , and Governor ofHazara

,revol ts . L i eu t . Joh n N ichol son takes possess ion of A tak

for t,before Chattar S i ngh reaches i t . Rein forcement s from

Hazara sen t to Jalandhar to support Capt . A bbott . Oct . SherS ingh from desert s Mah-

aj.

Nov . Maj or G . Lawrence and h i s fam i ly flee from Peshawar

to Muhammad Khan of Kohat they were afterward s given up aspr i soners to Chat tar S i ngh . Dec . 1 3 : Maj or Lawrence b rough t

to Sher Si ngh’s camp

Nov . 7 : Malraj, at tempt i ng to bes iege the camp at Saraj

kund,i s defeated severe ly and loses six guns .

Nov . 2 2 General Hugh Gough engages i n a caval ry sk i rm i sh

wi th Sher S i ngh ’s t roops at Ramnagar . Col . Havelock , General

Cure ton,and Capt . Fi tzgerald k i l led .

Nov . 2 6 : Maj o r Wal ler w i th Joh n Lawrence defeat s Ram

Singh at S inanagar; Dec . 2 : he defeats th e Jaswan raja and

Sikh h igh pries t,at Una and Akno t .

Dec . 2 General Thackwel l crossed the Ch inab at Wazi rabad

above Ramnagar and Dec . 3rd, i s cannonaded at Sadul lapur by

Sher S ingh,wi th t roops and twen ty-eigh t guns, but i s

repel led by a destruc t ive ar t i l lery fi re and re t i res Dec . 4 . Dec .

2 8 Lord Gough crosses the Ch inab wi th h i s whole army

Dec . 2 1 : The Bombay colum n from Si ndh j o i n s GeneralWhish’

s camp , and th e si ege o f Mul tan i s resumed . 2 9 1h : A

sort ie made on the d iv i s i on of Maj or Edwardes,bu t i s dri ven

back . 30 : The ch i ef magaz ine i n the for t i s blown up wi th 50 0of the garr i son .

35 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA.

an. 2 Mul tan town s tormed and captu red . 4 : The c i tadeli s i nves ted ; 2 1 i t i s b reached

, and 2 2 : Mfi lraj wi th overmen surrenders uncond i t i onal l y ; he i s sen t to Lahor on charges

of t reason and abetment of murder . The tr0 0 ps marched ofl to

j o i n Lord Gough’s army .

Atak , defended by Herbert , i s taken by Chat tar S i ngh , who

advances wi th a large force to j o i n h i s son , Sher S i ngh .

Jan. 1 3 : The bat t le of Chi l ianwala fough t by Lord Goughw i th Sher S i ngh near R astrl

,wi th the loss of 2 6 European officers

ki l l ed,66 wounded , and men k i l led or wounded ; th e S ikh

loss was much larger. March 7 The E l . Company appoi nt S i r

Charles Nap ier to supersede Lord Gough .

Feb . 1 2 : The Sikh army decamps from R astrl march ing

towards Wazi rabad . Chattar S i ngh j o in s h i s son , form ing a force of

men w i th fifty-n ine guns,supported by A fghan horse

under A kram Khan . 2 0 th : They encamp at Gujarat ; Whish’

s

d iv i s i on j o i n s the mai n army,and z rst : Lord Gough total ly

defeated the S ikhs, captu ri ng fifty-seven guns and thei r camp ;

General G i lbert pursued th em beyond the Jhalam .

Feb . 2 5 : Maj or G . Lawrence sen t by Sher S ingh to Lord

Gough w i th proposal s . March 6 : Mrs Lawrence and fami ly

arr ive . 8th : Sher S i ngh told that on ly u ncond it i o nal surrender

can be accep ted . 1 1 th : Sher S ingh,Chat tar S ingh , and o ther

ch iefs br i ng i n the gun s captured at Chi l ianwala,and by the

1 4th al l the officers and men had del i vered up thei r arm s, wi th

for ty-one gun s .

March 1 7 : S i r W . Gi lbert pursues A kram Khan to A tak and

occupie s i t . 2 0 th : He crosses the I ndus and the Afghans flee

through the Khaibar pas s .

March 2 9 : A t reaty i s s igned by Maharaja Di l ip S i ngh re

s ign i ng al l clai m to the Panjab wh ich now comes under d i rec t

Bri t i sh con trol . D i l ip S ingh i s pens ioned w i th five lakh s a year .

The Koh -i-m‘ir se t as id e for the Queen .

Sardar N ihal S i ngh , formerly holder of the Duab estates on al i fe tenure

,created a Raja.

Narayan Si ngh of Sambal pu r d ies w i thou t hei rs : h i s stat e

lapses to the Bri t i sh Government . The new Commi ss ioners

rai se the revenue assessmen t s,and resume the land gran ts .

The Brahmans vai n ly appeal ,

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354 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

Campbel l accompany i ng i t . March 2 0 : Dr Healy of the Bengal

army and h i s at tendan t s m urdered by the Afri d i s .

Feb . 9 : A resolut i on of the Governmen t of the North-WestProv i nces formal ly i naugurates the plan of v i s i tat i on and super

i n tendence o f nat i ve educat i on .

Feb . 2 7 : The o6th Regimen t Nat i ve I n fantry mu t i ny at

Govindgarh,near Amri tsar

,and i s s t ruck off by S ir C . Napier

the i r colours are given to the Nasi ri bat tal ion .

N t‘

tr S i ngh of Man ipur d ies . D ebendra S i ngh , h i s brother,succeeds

,bu t is expel led by Chandra Ki r t i S ingh , son of the

late Raja Gambh i r S i ngh . The Bri t i sh Governmen t upholds

Chandra K i rt i S i ngh’s clai m .

May I : Explos ion of a powder fl eet at Banares wi th

barrel s of gunpowder, and over people k i l led .

May 2 5 : Jang Bahadu r of Nepal v i s i ts England on an

embassy,arri ves at Southampton ; remai ned t i l l August .

Ju ly 2 : S i r Char les Nap ier,i n con sequence of cen sure from

Lord Dalhous i e, res igns his post of Commander- in-Chief.

The Hindustan and Tibet road begun , start i ng at Kalka .

Dec . Four Khoj as m urdered at Mah im by Agha Khan’s

supporters,n i neteen of whom are t r i ed at Bombay, and four of

them cap i tal ly sen tenced and execu ted .

Dec . 6 : S i r Wi l l iam Gomm sworn i n as Commander- in-Ch ief

at Cal cu t ta. 9 th : S i r Charles Napier takes a farewel l revi ew ofthe t roops at Fi rozpu r .

Jan. 1 2 José Joaqu im Januar io Lapa,Barao (and sub sequen tly

Vi sconde) de Vi l la No va de Ourem,succeeds Jose

’

Ferrei raPes tana as Governor-General at Goa.

Feb . 2 8 : L ieu t . Cruttenden,I nd ian Navy

,l eaves Aden and

v i s i ts t he Sul tan of Lahej i . Capt . Mi lne murdered and L i eu t .M‘Pherson ser iou sly wounded i n the n igh t at Waat .

Col . Sleeman makes a repor t on the abuses i n the Audhadmin i strat i on , and advi ses the Governmen t to take over theadm in i st rat i on .

The N izam i s obl iged to give up to the Res iden t at Haidarabad

the managemen t of terri tory y ield ing 36 lakhs of rupees t o theCompany

,i n l i qu idat i on of debt .

EARL OF DALHOU S IE . 355

Sept . The mercanti le commun i ty o f R angfm send i n t imat i o no f the host i l i ty o f the Burmese ru lers and the i r agen ts . Acts of

vi olence are commi tted on Br i t i sh sh i ps and seamen . The protes t i ng naval en voys are t reated wi th i nd ign i ty and re fused an

apology .

Oc t. The Peshawar front ier havi ng become di sorgan i sed owingto Mohmand raid s, Si r Col i n Campbel l at tack s the Tarakza i andHami lzai clans . Sa‘adat Khan opposes and a th ree-month s’

campaign ensues .

Nov . 1 7 : I n Bombay, a l i thograph o f Muhammad havi ngappeared i n a Parsi newspaper

,a Musl im r i ot takes place and

Parsi sh ops are plundered and Parsi s i l l-used . Nov . 2 2 : Another

outbreak of Muhammadan b igo t ry i s checked by armed force,

many r i oters wounded or taken pri soners .

Jan. 3 : The Madras East I nd ia Em igrat i on Soc iety formed .

Jan. L i eu t. Boulnois,commander of a Company

,construct i ng

a fort at M ichni, murdered by Mohmands. I n Apri l the Ham ilzai

Mohmands are rou ted by S i r C . Campbel l and tender subm i s s ion .

The Tarakzais con t i nue i n rebe l l i on .

Jan. Mir‘A li Murad of Khai rpu r, havi ng forged t i t le-deedsto lands

,i n place of v i l lages of the same name, i s deposed and

stripped of al l lands excep t h i s h eredi tary es tates .

Jan . Lord Dalhous i e sends Commodore Lambert i n theFox ” to R angt

’

m,to seek reparat io n from Pugan Meng

,King

of Burma,for repeated v iolat ions of the treaty of Yandabu, 1 82 6 .

The Governor o f Rangan treat s the officers w i th d isrespect .

Jan . 6 : Commodore Lambert declares a blockade of the mou thsof th e r iver . 1 0 th : A cannonade opened on the “ Fox

,

” bu t

the bat tery i s s i lenced by the sh ip’s gun s .

Feb . 1 8 : The Governor-General demands reparat i on , s tat i ng

requ i remen ts to be sat i sfied by I st Apri l, otherwi se there mus t bewar. March 2 8 : General Godwin sai led wi th a force for Burma.

Apri l 5 : He attacks and captures Martaban . 1 2 th : The tr0 0 pslanded and repel led the Burmese, taki ng thei r stockades . 1 4th

Rangt‘

in taken .

A pri l I Lord Robert s arr i ves at Cal cu tta as supernumerary

second l ieu tenant .

356 THE CHRONOLOGY or I N D IA.

Raja Ratan S ingh of B ikanirdies . Raja Sardar S ingh,h i s son

,

succeeds .

May 1 7 General Godwi n and Commodore Lambert took

Basse i n . 2 6th : The Burmese at tacked Martaban but were repu lsed

wi th much loss .

Ju ly 6 : Capt . Tar leton recon noi tr i ng the I rawadi i s Opposed

by a strong force at Akauk -Taong,but evades i t . 9 th : Reached

Prom wh ich was undefended . 2 7th : Lord Dalhous i e arr i ved at

Rangt‘

m ; left i n a few days .

Oct . 9 General Godwi n and troops arr i ved at Prom,and are

opposed bu t take th e place nex t day. Nov . 2 1 Pegu i s captured

from the B urmese,bu t at tacked by them , Dec . 5

- 1 3, and, Dec .

1 4 : Pegu rel ieved by Godwin . Dec . 2 0 : The whole provi nce

annexed to the B r i t i sh Dom in i on s .

Bahawal S i ngh of Bahawalpu r d ies . Sad iq Khan,the th i rd

son, succeeds . Fath Khan , th e d i s i nher i ted e ldes t son , dr ives

h im from the th rone .

Sept . Raja N ihal S ingh of Kapurthala d ies . Rand i r S ingh,

h i s son, succeeds .

A Wahhab i con spiracy d i scovered i n Patna, a correspondence

bei ng traced between person s i n that c i ty and fanat i cs i n Swat and

Si tana.

Naku l Ram ,Raja of Kachar h i l l d i str i ct s

,i s k i l led i n an

at tack on th e D ishoma Nagas ; and the country,wh ich had

v i rtual ly lapsed i n 1 830 , i s n ow formal ly resumed by the Bri t i sh

Government .

Nov. General Fraser, Res iden t at Haidarabad,res igns .

General Low, h i s successor, fai l s to persuade the N izam to fulfi lh i s obl igat i on s to the Supreme Government .

Dec . Baj i Rao, ex-Peshwa, d ies at B itht‘

ir. H is adopted son,

Bandhu Pan th (Nana Sah ib), succeeds to h i s weal th , bu t no t tothe pen s ion that Baj i Rao had been al lowed s i nce 1 8 1 8.

Nars i ngh Pal , Raja of Karaul i , d ies ch i ld less . Madan Pal,son

of Gardhan Pal and cou s i n of Nars i ngh Pal , was recogn i sed i n

1 854 as ch ief. He d ied i n 1 869 .

1 853 Jan. 30 : Captai n Renn ie defeat s a force o f Burmese near

Lamena. Feb . 1 Rangfin and Basse i n declared free port s .

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TH E CH RONOLOGY OF I N D IA .

Apri l 8 : The Ganges Canal opened at Rurk i by Mr John

R . Colv in , L i eu t . -Governor of the North -Western Prov i nces .

Apri l 2 8 : Baron Harr i s succeeds S i r Hen ry Pot t inger as

Governor of Madras,t i l l March 2 8, 1 859 .

Apri l 2 8 : S i r Freder ick James Hal l iday, fi rs t L i eu t .-Governorof Bengal , t i l l May 1 859 .

May 1 T he Company ’s Char ter renewed from th i s date .

May 1 4 : A new treaty conc luded wi th the Khan of Kala ti n v iew of the th reatened war between England and Russ ia.

The Khan agrees to oppose al l enem ies of the Bri t i sh Governmen t, to en ter i n to n o nego t iat i ons w i th o ther states w i thou tthe con sen t of th e Governor-General

, and to rece ive Br i t i shtroops i f requ i red . He i s to rece ive an annual subs idy ofR s. on cond i t i on of

'

pro tec t i ng Bri t i s h subj ec ts and

merchants .

May. S iva S ingh,Rao of S iroh i

,hands over the managemen t

of h i s s tate to the Company’s Governmen t wi th a v iew to th e

l iqu idat ion of h i s debts .

J une 3 : S i r Charles Wood i n troduce s a B i l l for the abol i t i on

o f the patronage by the Company, wh ich h i therto had fi l led the

superior or covenanted pos t s i n the service . The Charter i s

gran ted for so l ong on ly as Parl iamen t shou ld see fi t .

Aug . The Tarakzais under Rah imdad Khan re treat i n revol t

to thei r h i l l s . Si r S idney Cot ton at tack s them on both s ides

of the Kabu l r iver,des troy ing the i r ch ie f v i l lages . The i r losses

prove severe, and subm iss ion i s made .

Aug. 8 : Fron t i e r du t ies be tween the N i z am ’s and Bri t i sh

terr i tories abol i shed .

Sept . 2 1 : Brigad ier Wm . Mayne’s force at tacked by R ohilas

near Aurangabad .

Sept . 2 3 G eneral A nson arr ives as Commander of the MadrasArmy .

Tularam Senapat i of North Kachar d i es wi thou t he i rs . H is

s tate therefore lapses to the Bri t i sh Governmen t .

A Burmese embas sy to Cal cu t ta bri ngs letters and presen ts toLord Dalhous i e .

All th e pr i v i leges of the Nawab of Bengal are repealed ,i n c l ud i ng the con t rol over the N izamat Depos i t Fund .

EARL OF DALHOUS I E . 359

A Madrasa founded at Bombay by Firu z Mul la b in Kawasfor the i n struct ion of Parsi s i n the i r rel igi ous l ore .

A normal school and h igh school founded at Goa.

A Roman Cathol ic b i shop appoi n ted to Poona.

Dec . The Mappillas i n Malabar d isarmed by Mr Conol ly .

Jan. 3 1 Up to th i s date M r Conolly had col lec ted war

kn ives from Mappillas.

March 3 1 : A new treaty framed at Peshawar w i th GhulamHaidar Khan for h i s father

,Dost Muhammad of Kabul , and

John Lawrence for the Governmen t, i n wh ich each par ty pledgesitsel f never to i n terfere i n the terr i tor ies o f the other .

May 6~A counc i l o f fi ve succeed s the V i sconde de Vi l la Nova

i n the governmen t of G oa t i l l N ov . 3, when A nton io Cesar deVasconellos Correi ra, Visconde de Torres Novas, takes office .

The roads are much ex tended and improved dur ing h i s adm inistration.

S i r A rthu r Phayre leads a m iss ion to the Burmese Cour t atAmarapura.

July : A r i s i ng of the Santhals suddenl y b reaks ou t i n Bengal;

they commi t murders and bu rn v i l lages ; Nov . 1 0 : mar t ial law isproclaimed ; the raid con t i nues t i l l Dec .

Ju ly : Shah Jahan Begam of Bhopal marr ied to Bakhsh i

Muhammad Khan,her hu sband to be Nawab on ly i n t i t le . The

Begam res igns her righ t to rul e to S i kand ra Begam , h er mo ther .

Maj or Outram reports on the i ncompetency of the Audh

nat ive governmen t,and i t i s resolved to take over the adm in i st rat i on .

Sep t . 1 1 : M r Conol ly murdered i n h i s hou se at Cal i cu t i n

presence o f h i s w i fe,by Mappi lla fanat i c conv ic ts . 1 7 : They

are k i l led by troops after desperate res i s tance .

Oc t . 7 Ghulam Muhammad Ghaus Khan , t i tular Nawab of the

Karnatak d ies w i thout he i rs . H is unc le,

‘A z im Jah , second son

of Nawab‘Azim Jah ( 1 82 0 claim s prerogat i ves and al low

ance as col lateral he i r . A n al l owance of rupees a year is

conceded,but the s tate i s annexed .

Oc t . 30 : S i vaj i Raja of Tanj or, dyingwi thou t he i rs, the t i t l ebecomes ext i nct .

360 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA .

Firs t Bengal i p lay, the [f a/[12a Kala S amasa, composed byRam Narayan Tarkaratna

,acted i n 1 856 by the O r ien tal Sem inary .

Jan. Am i r Dos t Muhammad regai n s Qandahar.

Feb . 7 : Waj id‘A l i Shah , King of Audh , re fuses to s ign th e

t reaty presen ted by C0 1. Outram , ves t i ng the adm in i strat i on o fthe c iv i l and m il i tary adm in i s trat i on of the state i n the E L

Company , reservi ng the t i t l e o f Ki ng to h im sel f and his he i rs ,wi th sovere ign r igh ts i n h i s palace and park

,and a pen s ion of

twelve lakh s,wi th th ree more for his bodyguard , and prov is ion

for al l members o f h i s family . He refu ses the pen s ion and i s

provided for at Calcu t ta. Feb . 1 3 The provi nce i s annexed .

LORD CANNING,FIRST VICEROY .

Feb . 2 9 : Lord Cann i ng succeeds Lord Dal hou s ie as GovernorGeneral

,and fi rs t Viceroy from Nov . 1

,1 858, t i l l March 1 8,

1 86 2 . March 6 : Lord Dal hous i e l eaves Calcu tta ; he d ied Dec .

March 6 Fi rs t normal school opened i n Madras .

Oc t . 1 8 Tanj or for t occup ied by the Company’s garr i son .

Oc t . 2 8 : The tr0 0 ps o f the Nawab of the Karnatak d isbanded .

Oc t . ‘I sa Khan rebel s agai n st th e Saduzai Pr i nce of Harat,and surrenders i t to the Persian army . Nov . 1 War i s declared

agai n s t Pers ia for breach of the treaty of 1 853 re spect i ng Harat ,and Maj or -General S tal ke r is sen t wi th a force and flee t underS i r H . Leake to the Pers ian Gul f. Dec . 4 : The i s land of Kharagoccup ied . 1 0 th : Bushah r i s captu red w i th s ix ty-five guns andwar l ike s tores .

Ganpatrav of Baroda gran ts to the Br i t i sh the land requ i redfor the Bombay and Baroda rai lway on condi t ion that h e shouldnot su ffer los s of tran si t du t i es . Nov . 1 9 : Ganpatrav dies . H is

brother,Khanderav, succeeds .

Jan. 2 2 : The sipahis at Damdam become uneasy abou t thenew car tr idges and the feel i ng spreads to Barrackpur.

Jan. 2 6 Treaty w i th Dos t Muhammad at Peshawar,agree ing

to as s i s t h im agai n s t Pers ia at Harat by a mon thly subs idy and

agran t of arm s . Bri t i sh officers to res ide during the warat Balkh ,and Qandahar.

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TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA .

the s5th are pursued from Naushahra and many k i l led or takenpri soners by N ichol son and Li nd ’s t roopers . The chi e fs of

Pat iala, Jhind, Nabha, and Kapurthala give loyal ass i s tanceagai n s t the mu t i neers .

May 2 7 : General Geo . A nson d ies at Kam al on h i s march

from Ambala to Dehl i ; S i r Henry Barnard takes command .

May 2 9 : Two regimen ts at Nasi rabad mu t i ny and march offto Dehl i w i th thei r arm s . The t roops at Lucknow mu t i ny and

burn the banglas Of the Eu ropeans . May 30 : Brigadier Wi l sonfrom M i rat defeats a rebel force at Ghaz iuddinnagar. 3 1 : Heagai n defeat s them there .

May 3 1 Khan Bahadur Khan,a Governmen t pen sioner , takes

the lead i n mu t i ny at Barel i , and hangs two or three Engl i shmen .

The nat i ve regimen ts at Agra are d i sarmed .

June 7 Wilson ’s force j o i n s Barnard at A l ipur .

June 1 The S ipahis at Mathura shot some of the i r o fficers andwen t off to Deh l i .

J une 4 : Nei l l reaches Banaras and d i sarm s the 37th I n fan tryand other troops .

J u ne 4 : Nana Sah ib captures abou t 1 30 European s escapi ng

from Fathigarh and pu ts all to death .

Ju ne 5 The reg imen ts at Cawnpur mu t i ny, plu nder thetreasu ry, andNana Sah ib bri ngs them back agai n st the Europeans .

J une 5 The 1 2 th I n fan try at Jhans i,i n st igated by the w idow

Ran i Lakshm ibai, mu t i n y and shoo t th ei r Officers, and al l others

are fou l ly murdered . 6 : Mu t i ny at A l lahabad,and many young

Officers s lai n at mess .

Ju ne 7 Two i n fantry and a caval ry regimen t revol t at Jaland

har and march to Ph i lau r : the S ipahis there j o i n them ,wreck

Ludiana, and proceed to Deh l i .

J une 8 : General S i r H . Barnard defeats the rebel s at Badl i

Sara i,tak ing th i rteen gun s ; then forces thei r pos i t ion , the R idge

at Deh l i , and th i rteen gun s taken . 1 2 th : Two attacks on the

Br i t i sh pos i t i on repu lsed—one of them by very heavy slaugh terof the rebe ls . 1 4 : The t roops Of the Gwal iar cont ingen t mu t i n y

and murder the i r officers and o ther Engl i shmen .

J une 1 4 : A l l th e sipahis at Barrackpur are d isarmed . 1 sth

LORD CAN N I NG,F I RST VICEROY . 363

The ex-k i ng of Audh and h i s ch ief counc i l lors are impr isonedin For t Wi ll iam .

J une 1 7 : Maj ors Tombs and Reid at tack the rebel s constructing a bat tery at I dgah Sarai , capture a gun and des troythe battery and a magaz ine . l gth : A body of rebels from

Nas i rabad,try i ng to reach Dehl i

,are badly cu t up by Brigad ier

Hope-Grant, but w i th loss . 2 3 : On the arr ival of the Jalandharrebel s another desperate at tack i s made on the B ri t i sh , bu t

repe l led w i th heavy loss to the rebe ls . 2 7 and 30 : Attacks on

Sabzi -mand i repu l sed .

June 1 9 : Wm . Tayler,Comm iss ioner of Patna

,arres ts four

plot t i ng Mau lv i s , and orders the c i t i zens to gi ve up the i r arms .

J ul y 3 : A ri s i ng i s suppres sed and si x teen of the r ingl eaders

execu ted .

June 6 2 7 : S i r Hugh Wheeler ho lds ou t at Cawnpur agai n s t

the i ncessan t fi re Of the bes iegers . 1 3 : The hosp i tal barrackroof is fi red

,and forty s ick and wounded peri sh . 2 1 An assau l t

i s repu l sed wi th great loss to the rebel s . 2 5‘A zim—u l lah Khan ,

Nana’s agen t,offers to give the 450 surv ivors Engl i sh boat s and

prov i s i on s to go down th e r i ver . 2 7 : O n a s ignal from Nana

fi re i s opened on the boats fi l led wi th refugees . A l l th e men

taken are k i l led,and the women taken to Nana’s camp . One

boat ge ts away, bu t is caugh t and brough t back ; and 3 1 : the

men are sho t i n Nana’s presence—General Wheele r,al ready

wounded , among them . Fou r escaped at Fathipur—the on ly

survivors . Ju ly 1 2 : A boat w i th forty- seven re fugees from

Fathigarh i s se i zed at Bitht’

tr and i s taken to Cawnpu r . 1 5 The

men are Shot before Nana, and al l the women and chi l dren ,about 2 0 0 , left i n Cawnpur are bu tchered, and the bod ies thrownin to a wel l .

Ju ne 30 : S i r H . Lawrence’s smal l fo rce repulsed at Chi nhat ,and the nat i ve troops mos t ly desert . J uly 1 The Machh i Bhawan

blown up, and th e defence confined to Lucknow Res idency .

4 : S i r Henry d ies of a severe wound .

Ju ly 1 Holkar’

s t roops mut i ny at I ndor, and ki l l n umbers o f

the Chri st ians . Col . H . Durand wi thdraws wi th the o thers toS ihor. The Mhau troops mu t i ny , k i l l th ree of the i r officers , andmarch to I ndor .

Ju ly 4 : The Kota con t i ngen t m u t i n ies, at tacked by Brigadie r

TI I E CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA .

Polwhele,bu t

,by b lunder i ng, h i s force is dr iven back , the can ton

ments fi red , th e c i ty pl undered , and abou t Europeans and

others shu t up i n the fort .

J uly 4 : R ohilkhand rebels at tack the Bri t i sh force at Deh l i ,bu t are repu lsed . 5 : S i r H . Barnard d ie s of cholera. 9 : A t

D eh l i , a charge of rebel caval ry i s repu lsed by L i eu t . H i l l s ; and

the suburbs are cleared ou t by Brigad ier Chamberlai n .

Ju ly 9 : The 9 th Nat i ve Caval ry and 6th I n fan try m u ti ny at

S ialko t . 1 2 th : General N ichol son overtakes them at Trimmu

Gha t, and pu ts them to fl igh t w i th great l oss .

J u ly 1 2 General Havelock is at tacked by abou t ofNana’s rebel s w i th twelve guns

, and defeats them ,taking al l the

gun s and other pri zes . 1 5 Two sharp figh ts at Aung and Pandu

s t ream,i n wh ich Havelock defeat s the rebels and takes fou r guns .

I 6 A bou t rebels wi th e igh t guns, on the road to Cawnpur,are total l y defeated by Havelock’s smal l force . Nana Sah ib fal l s

back on B i thI'

I r. 1 9 : Nana fled ; h i s palace i s now burn t, and

the magazin e b lown up ; twen ty gun s and many cat t le taken .

Ju ly 2 0 : General Nei l l arr i ves at Cawnpur . 2 5 takes charge

of the town and d i str i c t .

July 1 4 The mu t i neers at tack the bat ter ies on the Deh l i r idge ,I re repu lsed by General S howers

,and fol lowed up to 60 0 yard s

from the wal l s . 1 7 : General Reed gi ves over the command to

General A . Wilson . 1 8 Another at tack on the Sab z i-Mand i and

r idge bat ter ies i s repu lsed . 2 3 : The rebel s i s sue from the

Kashm i r gate, bu t are dr iven back w i th loss by C0 1. Showers .

3 1 : A strong force of rebels attack th rough K ishenganj and a

con tes t las t s all n igh t,the mut i neers’ l oss being very great .

J uly 2 0 : An assau l t made on the Lucknow Res idency i s

repu l sed .

J ul y 2 5 : Three reg imen ts mut i ny at Dinapu r andmarch off w i th

thei r arm s . 2 9 th : The 1 2 th I rregu lar Caval ry revol t at S igaul i,ki l l Maj or Holmes and o thers, and rob the t reasu ry . A smal l

force from Dinapur is at tacked at midn ight, and Capt . Dunbar

and hal f h i s m en cu t off.

Ju ly 2 9 Havelock moves forward , and after two days’ l ightingat Onau he repel s abou t rebel s and takes fi fteen guns .

A t Bashiratganj he drives the rebel s Off wi th the los s of al l the i rgun s . Aug . 4 : Agai n dr ives them ou t of Bashiratganj, and then

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TI IE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

shel led ; the magazi ne breached a bat tery opened on the palaceand on Sal imgarh . 1 6 : The magazi ne s tormed , and 1 70 gun s

Ob tai ned for use. 1 9 : The Labor bast i on i s abandoned . 2 0

Hodson’

s horse en ter from the Dehl i Gate ; th e palace captured .

2 1 Hodson bri ngs i n Bahadu r Shah h i s queen Z inat Mahal,

and her son,Jama Bakh t

,from Humayt

'

in’

s tomb . 2 3 He bri ngs

the two son s and grandson of the Old k ing from the same place,but Shoo t s them . General N ichol son d ies of h i s wounds .

Sept . 1 6 : S ir Jas. Ou tram reaches Cawnpu r wi th re i n force

men t s . Sept . 2 1 Havelock andOu tram at tack the rebels,driv ing

them pas t Onau and Bashiratganj, and cap ture four gun s . 2 3

They at tack the rebel s at Alambagh, dr iv ing them ou t and tak i ng

five gun s . 2 5 They storm the i r way i n to the Res idency, l os i ng

General Ne i l l, Col . Ty t l er, and i n all more than 60 0 k i lled or

wounded . The S i ege has now lasted e igh ty-seven days .

Sept . 1 8 : Shankar Shah,a Gond Raja

,and h i s son executed

at Jabalpu r. The 52nd S ipahis mut i ny and march to Damoh .

Sep t . 2 7 : C0 1. Mil ler rou ted a band of the mu t i neers on h i s waywi th the Engl i sh from Damoh to Jabal pu r. Oc t . 2 : Maj or

Engl i sh at Chatra defeats th e Ramgarh rebels,tak ing th e ir camp .

Sept . 2 3 : A fly ing column under Col . Greathed l eaves Dehl i

for Bulandshahr ; there i t defeated a body Of rebel s and destroyed

the for t of Malagarh ; then marched to Al igarh and scattered a

rebe l force . Oc t . 1 0 : Having arrived from Ha thras at Agra,Greathed

’

s force i s su rp ri sed by abou t I ndor rebel s from

Dholpu r,bu t shat ters the i r force

,captur ing the i r twelve gun s .

camp , and plunder, and slaugh tering many .

Oc t . 1 4 G reathed’

s col umn crosses the Jamna,and Si r Hope

Gran t takes command . At Kanauj they defeat rebel t roops fromDeh l i . 2 8th Si r Hope Grant reaches Cawnpur . 30 He crossed

the Ganges and took pos t at Banthar near Onan .

Oct . 1 5 : At Kota, Dr Sadler and some Others are cu t down,

and Maj o r Bu rton and h i s two son s murdered . The Gwal iarcon t i ngen t final ly j oi ned the rebel s . Oct. 2 2 At Dhar B rigadierS tuart wi th troops of the Malwa Field Force drove a st rong rebe lforce before them afterwards he captured the fort .

Nov . 1 : Capt . Powel l, wi th the Naval B rigade under Capt .Wm . Peel , defeat s rebels w i th heavy loss at Kajwa, 2 4

m iles from Fathipur; Capt . Powel l i s k i l led .

LORD CAN N I NG,F I RST VICEROY . 367

Nov. 9 : S i r Col i n Campbel l proceeds to j o i n S i r Hope Grant ;1 2 th : they reach A lambagh ; 1 4th : advance to Di l-Kusha gardens

and the mu ske try of the rebel s i s me t by battery fi r ing and theMart i n iere Col lege occupied . 1 6th : The S ikandrabagh is carr iedby storm and over rebel s k i l led wi th i n i t . The Najaf

Ashraf was stormed by help of Peel ’s bluejacke ts . 1 7th : The Mess

house,protec ted by a l oopholed wal l and scarped di tch , at tacked

by Cap t . Peel’s sai lors and Vincen t Eyre’s ar t i l l ery , i s s tormed ;and the enemy i s dri ven ou t of the Mo t i Mahal . The forces now

reach the Residency . 1 8th : The s i ck and wounded removed tothe D i l-Kusha . 2 2nd : The las t of the sold i ers wi thdrawn from

the Residency . 2 4th : General Havelock d ied of dysen tery at

Di l-Kusha . 2 5th : General S i r J . Outram , wi th the rearguard ,reached A lambagh.

Nov . 1 8 : The 34th I nfantry at Chitagaon deser t, carry ing off

th e t reasure . 2 2 The S ipahis at Dhaka res i s t d i sarmamen t, but

are charged by a body of sai lors and many k i l led and taken

pr i soners .Nov. 2 4 : CO1. Stuar t defeats th e N imach rebel s at Gorar ia.

2 5 : The v i l lage i s s tormed . Pri nce Fi ruz Shah,Of the Dehl i

family,wi th Afghan s fled from Mandisor.

Nov . 2 6 : General Wi ndham at tacked the Gwal iar mut i neers

near Cawnpur,and drove them back , cap tur ing th ree guns . 2 7th

The rebe ls at tack Windham ’s smal l force,outflank and defeat i t .

2 8th Some rebel s w i th forty gun s,Nana Sah ib be i ng one

of the leaders,at tack Windham’s pos i t i on Wal pole’s b r igade took

two gun s,bu t owing to the s t rength of the rebel s

,the fight ended

di sastrous ly . 2 9th : Si r Col in Campbel l arr ived at the Ganges,and Hope Gran t’s d iv is i on crosses over, fol lowed next day by the

whol e force .

Dec . 3 : The Lucknow garr i son and other wounded sen t onfrom Cawnpur for Calcu t ta.

Dec . 6 : S i r Col in Campbel l at tacks the G wal iar rebels andpursues them 1 4 m iles from Cawnpur thei r camp wi th seventeenguns and much ordnance s tores taken . 9 th : Hope Gran t

,sen t

to Sarai Gha t,defeat s the rebel s and takes fi fteen guns

,waggons,

and much ammun i t i on , w ithou t losi ng a man.

Dec . 1 5 Three of Holkar’

s regimen ts are di sarmed at I ndor .Col . Seaton defeated the Farukhabad Nawab at G angeri and

again, 1 8 at Pat iala, k i l l i ng about 60 0 of them , and tak ing eleven

TI I E CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA .

guns and camp . 1 9 : Mainpfiri recaptured by Seaton’s column

from the rebe l raja.

Dec . 2 2 : Si r J . Outram from A lambagh su rpr i ses and put to

fl igh t rebels,captur ing thei r fou r guns . 2 6th : At Majaul i

Rowcroft’

s smal l column of S ikh s,sai lors

,and Gurkhas at tacked

and rou ted four or five thousand fol lowers of Muhammad Husai n ,a rebe l Talukdar .

The Nepal con t i ngen t completely defeated the forces o f thesel f-s tyled Naz im of Su l tanpur at Kodkua and at Chanda on the

Jaunpu r fron t i er .

Dec . 2 8 : C0 1 . W . O sborn e and Col . Hinde, after several

t imes defeat i ng th e Jabalpu r rebel s, s tormed them i n Maihar,and

took the c i tadel S ix days later—where the rebel s made thei r las ts tand

,—they captu re Mohan S ingh .

Jan. 2 : B i shop Dan iel Wi lson of Cal cu tta d ied ; he was

appointed i n 1 832 .

Jan. 2 At Khudaganj br idge Hope Gran t’s force is attacked

,

but the rebe ls are dr iven Off towards Fathigarh by S i r C .

Campbel l, who thus becomes maste r of Farukhabad . 6th : JangBahadur and h i s Gurkhas take Gorakhpu r .

Jan. 1 2 Outram’

s pos i t ion at A lambagh is v igorously at tacked

the enemy i s routed wi th heavy loss . 1 6 th I n s t i l l greater

numbers thei r at tack is agai n swept back w i th hundreds of slai n .

Jan. 7 to March 9 : Trial of Bahadur Shah I I . at Deh l i ; h e

was found gu i l ty of compl ic i ty i n the Muti ny . Sen t to Cal cu ttai n Oct .

,he was t ransported to Rangt

'

in i n December,and di ed

th ere Nov . 7, 1 86 2 .

Jan. 1 6 : S i r Hugh Rose marches from I ndor to rel ieve

Sagar . 24 : Colone l Holmes took Awa,the rebels escap ing by

n igh t,leav ing al l the i r gun s . 2 6~2 7 z Rose bes ieged the h i l l

fort ress of Rahatgarh 2 8th : th e rebe l s t ried to escape down the

rock s ; the enemy outs ide s trongly at tacked the bes iegers i n rear,bu t were repu l sed , and the fort taken and given to the Begamof Bhopal .

Jan. 2 4 : Brigadier T . H . Franks at Nasanpur defeated

terr ib ly a body Of rebel s . Jan. 2 7 : S i r H . Gran t su rpri sed anddefeated the Badaon rebel s at Shamsabad .

Feb . 1 : Si r C‘. Campbel l left Fathigarh for Cawnpur . 4th

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370 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF IN D IA.

agai n s t S i r H . Rose , who attacks the Raja of Shahgarh w i th

rebel s hold ingMadanpur pass,and d rives them ou t . The st rong

pass of Mal ian, and the forts o f Sarai and Tal Bahat fel l i n to h i s

hands . 1 0 : Maraura fort i s taken . March 6 : Brigadier S tuar t

pu shed to Chander i,and took i t by s torm on the 1 7th .

March 5 : Some or more rebel s w i th twelve guns,under Muhammad Hasan and o thers

,at Gorakhpur, attack

Col . R owcroft wi th men and two guns ; the rebels defeatedand e igh t guns captured .

March 2 1 : Si r H . Rose reached Jhan si . 2 6 -

30 : He lai d

s iege to the c i ty . Apri l I Wi th more than men Tantia

Topi has tened from Kalp i to rel i eve i t,bu t Rose w i th men

defeated h im , cap tured eigh teen guns, and s lew about of

the rebels more gun s were taken i n the retreat . 3 He stormedand en tered Jhan si , tak ing the palace . 4 : The res t of the c i ty

taken,the Ran i escaped at n igh t , and the rebel s scat ter .

March 2 2 : General Robert s reached Kota, and the Raja

j o i ned h i s camp . 30 : The rebels i n the north end of the c i tywere attacked and dr iven ou t .

March 2 2 : Millman wi th a smal l m ixed force scat tered the

rebel s at A trau l i,bu t re t i red on hear i ng that Kunwar S i ngh’s men

were coming,and fel l back on A z imgarh, where he was bes ieged .

Apri l 6 : Lord Mark Kerr defeated the rebels and re l i eved the

place .

Apri l 1 4 : General S i r R . Wal pol e at tack s Narpat S ingh’s fortR uiya at Radamau, bu t i s repu l sed , and Brigad ier the Hon . Adrian

Hope k i l led . 2 2 : Walpole defeat s a large force at S i rsa near

Al iganj , taki ng thei r gun s and camp . With the Commander

ln—Ch ief’s d ivi s ion they en ter Shahjahanpur .A pr i l 1 6 General Lugard

’

s column reached A z imgarh, scatter

ing th e rebel force there . B rigadier Douglas after five days’

pursu i t overtook Kunwar S i ngh and drove his force on to

Ber iya i n Ghazipu r. Kunwar S ingh defeated Capt . LeGrand wi th a smal l force from Ara. 2 6 Kunwar S i ngh d ied .

Apri l 1 7 Brigad ier Jones crossed the Ganges below Hardwar,and in four days twice defeated the rebe ls i n B ij naur d i st r ic twi th heavy loss i n men and guns . May 6 : He arr ived at one

s ide of Barel i as S i r C . Campbel l reached i t on the other.

Wal pole’s men were attacked by a body of Ghazi s,bu t 1 33 of

LORD CAN N I N G,FI RST VICEROY . 37 1

them were at once bayoneted . 7 : Barel i was taken , the rebel

leaders havi ng escaped .

A pri l 1 9 : S i r H . Rose and General Wh i t lock defeated the

Nawab of Banda wi th troops, who los t 50 0 men and

seven teen guns,wi th h i s town and palace .

Apr i l 2 7 S i r Wm . Peel d ied at Cawnpur of smal l -pox .

May 3 : Abou t rebel s wi th twelve gun s at tacked the

smal l garr i son of Shahjahanpu r, plundered the town and drove

Hal l ’s troops i n to the jai l . 1 1 : B rigad ier Jones w i th a force

rel ieved Hal l . 1 5 Ahmadul lah Shah , the Fai zabad Maulvi,and

the Begam of Audh returned to at tack Jones . 1 8 : S i r C .

Campbel l came to h i s rel i ef and drove the rebel s toward sMohamdi . 2 2 He fol lowed them , bu t they had fled .

May 8 : Legard drove the rebels ou t of Jagd i spur, defeated

them at D al ipur and Chi taura, wh i l e Corfield’

s force hemmed

them i n on the opposi t e s ide .

May 8 : S i r H . Rose at K t‘

i neh defeat s Tantia Top i’s s trongforce augmen ted by the Bhanpu r raja

’s and Begam Of Audh’

s

t roops,who los t n ine gun s

,warl i ke s tores and 60 0 men . 1 7

:

Rose encamps at Golaul i, five m i les from Kalpi . The BandaNawab j o ined Tantia wi th t roops, who had now ful ly

men i n a very s trong pos i t i on . 2 0 : The enemy made

a desperate at tack on Rose bu t fai led . 2 2 : They sal l i ed ou t

agai n s t both wings of the B r i t i sh , bu t were dr i ven back wi th

great l oss . 2 3 : The rebel t roops fled du ri ng the n igh t, and

Kalp i wi th al l i t s warl ike s tores captu red . Col . Gal l pu rsued the

rebel s,and took the i r las t gu ns, s lay ing hundreds .

May I 1 The Shorapu r Raja, sen tenced to transportat i on ,sho t h imse l f o n the way to Chingalpat.

May 1 2 : S i r Hope Gran t m oves ou t of Lucknow , and at

S i rs i i nfl ic ts a cru sh i ng defeat on Ben i Madhu w i th

fol lowers .

May 2 9 : Bhaskar-rav, ch ief of Nargund i n Dharwar, hav ingplo t ted wi th Bhimrav Nadgir of Mandargi and other ch i efs, andth ink i ng th e con spi racy known

,murders Mr Manson the pol i t i cal

agen t at n igh t, as he was res t ing at Suri ban , and k i l led

several at tendants . Bhimrav at tacked the treasu ry at Dambal,

and, May 30 , wi th 30 0 or 40 0 men , escaped to Kopaldurg.

TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA .

Maj or Hughes from Belari took the place, k i l l i ng Bhimrav and

1 0 0 men . J une 1 Col . Malcolm at tacks Nargund and s tormed

i t nex t day the ch ie f fl ed , bu t was cap tured by Mr Frank Souterof the pol ice, t r i ed and hanged .

May 30 : Eleven thou sand fug i t i ves from Kalp i wi th twelve

gun s reached Morar ou ts ide Gwal iar, wi th Tantia Top i and the

Jhansi Ran i .

June 1 : The Gwal iar t roops , at tacked at Morar, be trayedthei r pri nce

,who was defeated and fl ed . 1 6 : S ir H . Rose

arr i ved at Morar,and soon drove the enemy in to the c i ty .

1 8 : He takes the hi l l s to th e sou th of the for t ; the Jhan s i Ran i ,figh t i ng i n male att ire

,i s k i l led . 1 9 : Every th i ng outside the

fort i s taken . 2 0 : The for t was taken by a handfu l of men

under Lieuts. Rose and Wal le r . 2 1 B rigad ie r Nap ier pursu ingTantia’

s force of men and twen ty-five guns, defeated h im

at Jaura Al ipu r, and took al l the i r gun s .

June 2 : Whi t lock ’s colum n sets ou t for Karwi . 5 The twoyoung ch i efs y ield to Whi t l ock

,seeki ng pardon . 6 : Karw i

y ields,and the enormous treasures i n the palace are awarded to

Whi t lock’s force .

June 9 : Maj or Cox wi th a de tachmen t o f Col . R owcroft’sbr igade drove Muhammad Hasan ’s rebels from Amora i n

Gorakhpur . 1 8 : With a larger force he drove o f them

across the Ghagra.

J une 1 2 S i r Hope Gran t,wi th a s trong brigade from Luck

now,at tacked rebel s at Nawabganj who, wi th numerous

Ghazi s,fough t desperate ly bu t l os t six guns and 60 0 men .

Fath Khan Of Bhawal pu r d ied : Rahim Gar Muhammad

succeeded wi th the ti tl e of Bhawal Khan .

Ju ly 3 1 : S i r Hope Gran t rel i eved Man S ingh , who was

besieged by the rebel s for deser t i ng the i r cause .

Aug . 2 : By A ct 2 1 2 2 Vic toria, c . 1 0 6, all the Eas tI nd ia Company’s terr i tor ies are vested i n Her Maj esty

, and al l

its powers exerc i sed i n her name .

Aug. S i r Hope Gran t fol lowed up and rou ted par t ies of rebels .A t Su l tanpur o f them had come together wi th th i r teen or

fourteen gun s .

Sept. 2 : Two regimen t s o f Bengal i n fan try—abou t men

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374 TI I E CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA.

Feb . 1 0 : General Hors ford pursued a body of rebel s i n theNepal Tarai and defeated them

,tak ing al l the i r fi fteen gun s .

General Honner heav i ly defeated Rao Sah ib ’s force .

Nana Sah i b wi th h i s fam i ly got i n to Nepal from R ohi lkhand,

bu t was i n formed that his women—mo ther,wi fe

,and Balarav

Sah ib’s wi fe—wi th the i r property (j ewel s), would find shel ter ,and remai ned i n a coun try palace of Jang Bahadur

’s, rece iv inga

sus tenance al lowance ; bu t the men of the party were refu sed

asy lum .

March 2 8 : S i r Char les Edward Trevelyan succeeded Lord

Harri s as Governor of Madras,t i l l J une 8, 1 860 .

Apri l 2 : Man S ingh of Narwar surrendered to Maj or Meadeat Maht

‘

idra, and 8 : enabled Meade to se i ze Tantia Topi byn igh t i n the Peron jangal n ear S ipri . 1 5 : Tantia tr i ed by

court-mart ial and condemned for rebel l ion,and hanged .

Apri l : The Bri t i sh Governmen t grants the estates of B f mdi

and B i thaul i to Randh i r S ingh of Kapur thala fo r se rv i ces rendered

i n Audh .

May : S i r J ohn Peter Gran t appo in ted L i eu tenant-Governor o f

Bengal,t i l l Apr i l 1 86 2 .

May : The E l . Company’s troops obj ec ted to be summar i ly

t ransferred to the Crown . Ju ne 2 0 : The Viceroy i ssued a fresh

General O rder gran t i ng d i scharge and a free passage h ome to al l

who claimed i t,bu t no t to en l i s t i n any regi men t i n I ndia. The

5th Bengal Europeans at Bah rampu r mu t i ny .

J uly 8 : Peace proclaimed throughou t I nd ia ; and Ju ly 2 8th

observed as a day of thanksg iv ing .

Oct . 1 5 : Lord and Lady Cann i ng arri ve at Cawnpur on a

v iceregal progre ss th rough the Northern Prov i nces ; Oct . 1 8

proceed to Lucknow wh ich they en ter i n s tate . Oc t . 2 2 : A

grand darbar i s h eld for the recept io n of the Tal ukdars . Darbars

are al so held at Cawnpur (Nov . Fathigarh (Nov . and

Agra (Dec .

Nov . 2 0 : Moun tstuart Elph i n s tone d ies .

Nov . 2 9 : James Wi l son appoin ted fi rst Finance Member Of

the Supreme Counc i l t o reorgan i se the I ndian finances . An

income tax was i mposed,and a Government paper currency

created .

LORD CAN N I NG,FI RST VICEROY . 375

Dec . S ikandra Begam of Bhopal recogn i sed as ruler by r ight,wi th success ion to her daugh ter, for serv ices rendered dur ing andafter the Muti ny

,—died Oct . 30 , 1 868.

Dec . The Waghars dr iven from D waraka and Beyt,hav ing

fort ified thei r camp on Abhapura h i l l , were dri ven ou t by C0 1Honner, and fl ed to the G ir

,where Jodha Manek , thei r leader,

d ied .

Jan. 2 4 A Concordat ves ts the Roman Cathol i c eccles iast i cal

patronage of th e Eas t i n the c rown of Portugal . Bri t i sh I nd ia i s

d iv ided i n to th i rty d i str ic ts . Bri tai n acknowledges n o such righ t .

The K t‘

Ik is or Lushai s from the Tipara h i l l s on the borders ofS ilhat made murderous raid s on neighbou ri ng Bengal i v i l lages

,

k i l l i ng 1 86 vi l lagers and carry i ng off 1 0 0 capt ives .

Jan. 2 9 : An industr ial exh ib i t io n Opened at Goa for the

products of the s tate of the Portuguese I nd ie s and Hindustangeneral ly .

Jan . General Nevi l l e Chamberlai n was sen t on a pun i t ive

expedi ti on agai n s t the Wazi r i tr ibes on th e Panjab fron t i er .

Feb . 1 -2 2 : The del im i tat i on Of the boundar i es of Daman

negot iated by a Comm iss ion con s i s t i ng of Senor R icardo Car los

Clarchy and Mr W . Hughes .

March : Khan Bahadur Khan of Bare l i was hanged on th e

spot where he had rai sed the flag of rebel l i on ; he had savagel ymurdered al l th e European s h e could find .

March 30 : The“

t i t l e of Raja Bahadur and some terr i tory i n

Satara was con ferred on the adopted son of the late Raja ofNagpur .

May 3 Jwala Prasad ,_ who conducted the mas sacres for

Nana Sah ib , was hanged at the Ghat where he d i rected them .

May 5 : A sanad granted the Maharaja of Pat iala and h i s

successors to exerc i se sovereign powers w i th i n the i r ancestral

possess ion s, and to exac t obedience to h im from al l dependents

and feudator ies . The righ t of adopti on conceded,the Raja

agreed to co-operat e wi th the Br i t i sh forces on the appearance

of an enemy, to furn i sh mater ial (on payment) and land ( free)for roads and rai lways . A sim i lar sanad i s bestowed on theRaja of Jhi nd.

May 9 : Lord Elph i n stone leaves Bombay,andMay 1 1 : S i r

THE CHRONOLOGY OF I NDIA.

George Russel l C lerk succeeds as Governor of Bombay, t i l l

Apri l 2 4, 1 86 2 . The Local Legi slat ive Counci l establ i shed .

J une 8 : Si r Charles E . Trevelvan was recal led , and Wil l iam

Ambrose Morehead ac ted Governor o f Madras t i l l J uly 5, when

Si r Henry George Ward arr i ved and took Office .

Rao D aisal Of Kachh d ied . Rao Pragmal , h is son, succeeded .

Martanda Raja of Travankor d ied . Ramavarma, h i s nephew,succeeded .

From the con t in ued pract ice o f k idnapping Bengal i subj ect sOf the B ri t i sh Crown by the people of S ikk im

,part of the i r

terr i tory was occupied by a force under Col . Gawler, wi th the

Hon . Ash ley Eden as envoy .

A ug. 2 : S i r H . C . Ward , Governor of Madras,d ied there .

S i r Wm . Ambrose Morehead was ac ti ng Governor for the second

t ime,from Ju ly 5th t i l l Feb . 1 8th , 1 86 1 .

Far idun Jah of Mursh idabad memorial i sed the Secretary ofS tate for I nd ia regard i ng h i s gr ievances .

Nov . 6 The Viceroy and Lady Cann i ng arr i ve at Banaras on

a tour through Upper I nd ia.

Dec . 1 2 : Dh iraj S ingh,the former ch ie f Of Udayapu r

,havi ng

been conv ic ted of man slaughter, the es tate is treated as a lapse,

and con ferred on La] Bandeswari Prasad S ingh Deo Bahadu r,a b ro ther Of th e Raja Of Sarguja, i n acknowledgmen t of h i s

serv ices i n 1 857.

Dec . 2 6 : Treaty concluded w ith the N izam by wh ich h i s debt

to the Br i t i sh Governmen t i s cancel led , and Naldrug,Daraseo

,

and R aichfir, wi th the s tate Of Shorapur, ceded to h im .

The N 27 D arprm, a drama sat i r i s i ng the i nd igo planters of

Jessorand Nadiya , produced by D inabanda Mi tra.

Feb . 1 8 : Si r W i l l iam Thomas Den i son,

succeeds S i r

H . G . Ward as Governor of Madras,t i l l March 2 7, 1 866 .

March : The Raja of S ikk im was obl iged to make fu l lres t i tu t i on for the k idnappi ng of Bri t i sh subj ects and s igned a

t reaty secu ring the righ ts Of t rade,protect i on for travel lers

,and

the mak i ng of roads .

Ju ly 5 : A Royal Proclamat i on i ssued c reat i ng the O rder ofthe S tar of I ndia.

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378 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I NDIA.

sel f to fol low the advice Of th e Bri t i sh Governmen t i n al l stateaffai rs .

July 1 2 : The High Cour t Of J udicatu re,Bengal

,was

i naugurated .

Sept . 3 The Khojas Of Bombay , under the i nfluence Of AghaKhan

,excommun icated those who con t i n ued to s tand ou t for

Sunn i marr iage custom s, &c . ,wh ich led to the great lawsu i t Of

1 866 .

Sep t . 8 Rao Sah ib hanged for murders dur ing the Muti ny .

Nov . 1 4 : Maharaja Narendra S ingh of Pat iala d ied . Hi sson

,Mahendra S ingh , succeeded .

Jan. 8 Si r Charle s Trevelyan , the new fi nance m i n i ster, arr ived

at Calcu tta. Jan. 1 9-

30 : The fi rs t Agricu l tural Exh ib i t i on was

held at Calcu t ta.

Feb . 5 Lord Elgi n started on a tou r of the Upper Prov i nces .

7 He vi s i ted Cawnpu r and at tended the con secrat i on by B ishopCo t ton Of the grave and monumen t to those murdered i n 1 857 .

March 2 8 A great assembly h eld at Ambala where the S ikh and

o ther Panjab ch iefs were rece ived .

March 1 7 : The Kala t ch iefs depose Khodadad Khan and

elec t his cousi n Sherdi l Khan as ru ler . The town and fort are

surrendered w i thou t res i s tance .

Apri l 30 : The I nd ian Navy trans ferred to the Adm i ral ty .

May : Dos t Muhammad of Afghan i stan takes Harat from thePers ians . June 9 : He d ies there . Sher‘A li Khan

,his fi fth son,

assumes the posi t i on of Am i r . He i s acknowledged by S i r W .

Den i son,act ing Governor-General

,i n Dec .

June 1 8 : Vazi r Muhammad Khan of Tonk d ied , and was

succeeded by h i s son,Muhammad‘A l i Khan .

Aug. Narendra Narayan Of Kuch B ihar d ied . H is i n fant son,N ipendra Narayan , succeeded , the s tate be i ng managed by a

Br i t i sh Comm iss ioner.

Oct . 1 8 A force of men under Si r Nevi l le Chamberlai n

despatched to Si tana i n the Swat coun try, to pun i sh an at tack on

the Guides Corps made i n Sep t . by a band of Muhammadan

fanat i cs, Wahhab i s and escaped S ipahis. The t r ibes from the

I ndus and Kabu l r i vers t r ied to b l ock the Ambela Pass, at tack i ngthe Bri t i sh force

,Oct . 2 0 ; and retard the progress of the force

1 864

S I R JOHN LAWRENCE,TI I I R D VICEROY . 379

t i l l Dec . 1 5, when the enemy’s pos i t i on was s tormed . The v i l lage

of Lalu was taken and des t royed . Dec . 1 6 : Ambela cap tured anddes t royed . The Buner t ri bes

,abandoned by those of Rajau r and

Swa t,subm i t ted and j o i ned the Bri t i sh i n at tacki ng the strong

hold of Malka, wh ich was burned Dec . 2 2 . Dec . 2 5 : The forcere-en ters Bri t i sh te rri tory .

Nov . 9 : Bharpar S ingh Of Nabha dies,Bhagwan S ingh

,h i s

brother, succeeds : d ied 1 87 1 .

Nov. 2 0 : Lord Elgin,the Viceroy

,d ied at Dharmsala. Si r

Wi l l iam Den i son , Governor of Madras, acts as Governor-General,

Dec . 2 t i l l Jan. 1 2 , 1 864 : M r Edward Mal tby act ing as Governor

o f Madras .

Dec . 1 2 D hal imkot fort i n Bhutan taken by the B r i t i sh .

Jan. 4 : The Hon . A sh ley Eden sets ou t as envoy on a

m iss ion to the Deb Raja of Bhu tan to seek redress for the

frequen t raid s o f the Bhutiyas on the Bri t i sh Dwars borderi ngon that s tate .

S I R JOHN LAWRENCE,THI RD VICEROY .

Jan. 1 2 S i r J oh n Law rence arr ived at Calcut ta, and assumed

Office as V iceroy,t i l l Jan. 1 2

,1 869 .

March 1 5 : S i r Ash ley Eden’s m i ss ion to Bhutan reach ed

Punakha th e wi n ter capi tal , but is gross ly i n su l ted bo th bythe Deb Raja and the Dharma Raja

,and ordered to leave .

2 4 : Tongso Penlo,th e Governor of Eastern Bhu tan , demanded

the cess ion o f the A sam Dwars ; then barbarously i n su l ted theenvoy and h i s officers . 2 9 : Mr Eden was compel led to S ign

the cess ion Of th e Dwars .

March : Government took steps to preven t H i ndus from

cas t i ng thei r dead i n to the Hugl i i n stead of burn ing them : th i s

san i tary arrangemen t caused exc i temen t .

March 2 8 : Ramavarma succeeds R avivarma as Raja Of

Koch i n .

May : Sherd i l Khan of Kalat murdered , and Khodadad

Khan re-elected ch ie f of the state .

J une 1 8 Waz i r-ud-daula,Nawab of Tonk

,d ies . Muhammad

‘A l i Khan succeeds .

380 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA .

July : A gold currency i s p roposed to be i n troduc ed at

Chri s tmas .

Sher ‘A l i Khan of Afghan i s tan recogn i sed by the B ri t i shGovernment as Am i r. He treacherou sly impr ison s h i s brother

Afzal Khan .

Raja Bahadur Of Sam tar takes over the adm in i s trat i on of thestate . His i n sane father, H indupat, i s removed wi th the Ram

to Amra.

Sept . 30 : Mr Robert Dav ies appoi nted as Spec ial Comm issioner i n Audh wi th power to d i rec t the set t l ement officers and

dec ide al l quest i on s of tenan t r igh t .

Oc t , 1 The adm in i st rat i on of Dhar t ransferred to the youngRaja Anand Rao Puar

,under certai n restr i c t i on s .

Oc t . 5 : A terr ific cyclone occurs at Cal cu t ta and Lower

Bengal , wi th immense los s of l i fe and damage to Sh ippi ng and

property ; nearly per i shed between Cal cu tta and the sea,

and as many on the Madras coas t .

Oct . 1 4 : S i r J . Lawrence en tered Lahor . 1 8 : He holds a

great darbar on the plai n,

-60 4 nat i ve pri nces presen t . The

Raja of Kapurthala i n vested wi th the S tar Of I nd ia.

Nov. 1 2 : The Bhutan authori ti es hav ing taken n o no t i ce

of the repud iat i on Of S i r A . Eden’s agreement and demand for

reparat ion,th e Viceroy i ssues a proclamat i on of war, and annexes

the eleven western or Bengal Dwars . Some troops were

sen t to capture the fi ve or S ix forts command ing the passesi n to Bhutan and al l were taken nex t mon th .

Dec . 2 5 : J osé Ferrei ra Pes tana takes office at G oa as

Governor for the second t ime .

The B urger N andz'

m'

, a hi stor ical nove l after the manner o f

S i r Wal ter Scott, by Benk im Chandra Chatarj i, publ i shed .

Jan. 2 9 : The Bhutiyas suddenly at tack the garr i son o f 50 0

S ipahis i n D iwangiri, but were final ly repul sed w i th heavy loss .Feb . 5 : The water bei ng cu t off and ammun i t i on ru n short

,the

garr i son left the fort and th ree guns . Apri l 2 Brigad ier H . Tombs

recap tures the fort and compels the Bhu t ias to sue for peace,wh ich was conc luded Nov . 1 3, when they res igned the Bengal

Dwars and gave up the two guns, but rece ived Rs . yearly

dur i ng good behav iou r .

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382 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N D I A .

re l ie f not supposed to be requ i red . Mr Cec i l Beadon wen t on atou r Of i nvest igat i on .

March 2 7 Maharao Ram Singh of Ko ta d ied . The pol i t icalagen t preven ted the performance of sati . Chatra S ingh succeeded .

March 2 7 : Lord Nap ier of Merch i ston succeeds S i r Wm .

Deni son as Governor of Madras,t i l l Feb . 1 9 , 1 872 .

Apr i l : The ques t i on respec t i ng the marr iage of con verted

H indus se t t led . Fi rs t at tempt made at a cen sus Of the NorthWestern and Cen tral Provi nces .

May :‘Abdu l Rahman

,She r ‘A l i ’s nephew, col lec t s a force

,

regai n s his freedom at Shekhabad , and i s proclaimed Am i r . Am i r

Sher‘A l i,defeated by‘Abdu l Rahman , son of A fzal Khan , near

Ghaz n i,fled to Qandahar—m sti ll hold ing i t and Harat . H is bro ther,

Afzal Khan,proclaimed Am i r at Kabul . The Viceroy refu ses

i n terven ti on .

Apri l-June : The great Khoja case is t r ied i n Bombay, the

argumen ts and examinat io n of w i tnesses occupy i ng twen ty-five

days . The Khojas at tached to Sunn i cus tom s Oppos ingMuhammad Husai n Husai n i , or Agha Khan , the head of the

Sh i‘ah-Imam i I sma‘i l ias who claim s the proper ty and support

of the Khoj a commun i ty . On 1 2 th Nov . j udgmen t was del i vered

i n his favour .

Aug . 4 : Raja S ivaj i I I I . of Kolhapur d ies ch i ld les s : on h i s

deathbed he adopted h i s nephew Rajaram as hei r .

Sept . 1 7 : Capt. E . Jerv i s , t r i ed on a charge of pecu lat i on ofs tores belonging to S i r Wm . Mansfield

,was acqu i t ted , bu t he was

condemned for i n subord inat i on : his sen tence of d i sm i ssal from

the serv ice was approved by Si r Wm . Mansfield,Commander-in

Ch ief.

Oct . 6 : D r Geo . Cotton,Bi shop of Calcu tta

,acc idental ly

d rowned at Kush t ia i n Asam .

Nov . 1 9 : Lord Lawrence held a great darbar at Agra,at tended by e igh ty -four pr i nces and ch iefs from Raj pu tana and

Cen tral I nd ia, and abou t two hundred and fi fty from other pro

v i nces . The accompanyi ng ceremon ies las ted from 1 0 th to 2 0 th.

Jan. 1 7 The Duke of Cambridge wrote confi rm ing thesen tence agai n s t Cap t . E . J erv i s , bu t cen sur ing S i r W . Mansfield .

S I R JO I I N LAWRENCE,TH I RD V I CE ROL. 383

Jan. Sher ‘A li was defeated by h i s bro ther, ‘A z im Khan , nearKalat- i -Gh i lzai

,and fled to Harat wh ich

,wi th Balkh , was the

only par t of his dom i n i on s s t i l l l oyal .

Feb . 1 2 : At a publ i c mee t i ng i n Calcu t ta th e Viceroy

appealed for help to send tons of r ice to the Or i ssa famine

str i cken d i str ic ts .

March 6 : The Hon . S i r Seymour Fi tzgerald arr ived as

Governor of Bombay,i n success ion to S i r Bart le Frere, t i l l

May 6 , 1 872 .

March 1 0 to Apr i l 1 2 : The great H indu fes t ival , held every

twel fth year at Gangadwara or Har idwar. At the close ch olera

broke ou t .

A pri l : S i r Wi l l iam G ray succeeded S i r Ceci l Beadon as

L i eu t . -Governor of Bengal , t i l l March 1 87 1 .

Aug . 1 : Muhammad ‘A l i Khan of Tonk treacherouslymurdered Rawat S i ng, uncle, and th e retai ners of the Thaku r of

Lawa. 8 The Thaku r rel i eved by a Bri t i s h o fficer ; Muhammad‘A li i s deposed ; and Lawa made i ndependen t of Tonk .

Aug. Khem Sawant died ; h i s son, A nna Sawant, succeeded ,bu t be ing addicted to Op ium ,

h i s power was res tr i c ted .

Sep t . I n O r i s sa people are kept al ive by rel ief

comm ittees .

Oct . A fzal Khan of Afghan i stan d ied . Hi s brother,

‘A zimKhan

,succeeded ; the Br i t i sh Governmen t in I nd ia dec ided to

mai n tai n str ic t neu tral i ty.

Nov . 1 : A severe cyclone at Cal cu tta did much damage ,ru in i ng houses, uproo t i ng trees, and s i nk ing boats .

Nov . General Fytche, ch ief Comm i ss ioner of Burma, con

cluded a t reaty w i th the ki ng . Si r Edward Bosc Sladen al so

nego t iated a t reaty at Mandalay.

Dec . 2 9 : The Waghars of Okhamandal are brough t to bayat Manaharda b i ll by Maj or Reynolds

, and i n the figh t were

almost exterm inated .

Jan. Muhammad Ibrah im ‘A l i Khan placed on the th roneof Tonk in room of Muhammad ‘Ali Khan deposed .

Jan. 9 : Maj or-General S i r Donald S tewart and s taff leave

Cal cu t ta on the exped i t i on to A byss in ia under General Rob t . C .

Napier, for the rel ief of Europeans impr i soned by King Theodore .

384 THE CH RONOLOGY OF I N DIA.

Jan. Capt . S laden,sen t on a m iss ion to Tal ift

'

I,detai ned by

Burmese Obst ruct i veness at Bhamo and Momaiu ; he returnedsome mon ths later to Mandalay .

March 1 4 : The budge t su rplu s e igh t karors of rupees ;the l icence tax abol i shed ; taxes on t rades, &c . ,

subst i tu ted,and

1 70 lakh s proposed for publ ic works .

March 2 7 Kr ishna Raja Udayar Of Mai su r d ied . Sept . 2 3

Hi s adopted son, Chama Raj endra, aged six,succeeded under a

regency . Maj or Mal le son appoin ted ch ie f Comm issi oner t i l l 1 877.

March Ya‘qt

'

I b Khan , eldes t son of Sher‘A li , captures Qanda

har . Ju ly : Sher ‘A l i and Ya‘qab move on Ghaz n i and

‘Azimtakes to fl igh t . Sep t . 8 : Sher ‘A l i regai ned possess i on of Kab u land his dom in i on s, except Bal kh , where

‘A zim and ‘A bdul

Rahman held ou t . Sher‘A li rece ives six lakh s from the V ice royas a donat i on and pledge of fr iendsh ip .

A pri l 1 3 : Si r Robert Nap ier success fu l ly attacked Magdala

and rel eased the European pri soners of KingTheodore .

Ju ly : The rai n s fai led and fam ine th reatened i n Raj pu tana

and Upper Prov inces ; t imely arrangemen ts agai n s t wh ich Lord

Law rence made .

Oc t . 3 : The Hasanzai Pathan s havi ng at tacked the Panjab

pol ice s tat i on of Ogh i i n Hazara i n the ho t season , a pun i t i ve

exped i t i on u nder General Wy lde s tar ted from Ogh i and d rove

the enemy from Kun -

gal i . 5 : The troops carr ied the Machai

peak . 1 0 : The headmen of the v i l lages sued for peace, and

agreed on term s i nclud ing the expu ls i on of I nd ian refugees and

lVahhab is.

Oc t. 1 9 The Panjab Tenancy B i l l passed by the Viceroy’s

Counc i l and sen t to the Secre tary of S tate for I nd ia, by whom i t

i s final ly approved next year .

Oct . 3 1 S ikandra Begam of Bhopal d ied . Her daugh ter,Shah Jahan Begam , succeeded .

A n at tempt made by a Musal man to assass i nate S i r Salar

Jang, th e pr ime mi n ister at Haidarabad . The wou ld-be assass i n

execu ted,March 2 1 st, 1 869 .

Nov . The Viceroy formal ly opened the rai lway j oi n i ngAmbala and Deh l i .

Severe famine, 1 868-69 .

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1 87 1

THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA.

mil i tary r io t s break ou t i n Goa. The revolu t ionar ies hav i ng

gai ned thei r poi n t,dictate to the Government .

March 1 : The Pr i nce Of Wal e s opened at Jabalpu r the

completed rai lway from Bombay to A l lahabad .

March : An embassy from Ya‘qfib Beg, th e conqueror of

Kashghar, reached Calcu t ta request ing fr i endly i n tercourse .

A pr i l 2 : On the death of R anb ir S i ngh of Kapurthala, near

Aden,h i s son,

Kharak S i ngh , succeeded .

A pr i l 2 6 : Mr Douglas Forsyth s tarted on a m iss ion to Kashghar,and reached Yarqand, re tu rn ing i n autumn .

May 6 : Ya‘qub Khan rebels agai n s t h i s father, th e Am i r Sher‘

A l i,and captures Harat.

May 7 : Januar i o Corre ia de A lmeida, Conde de S . Januar i o,

takes Office as Governor-General at G oa, t i l l Dec . 1 0,1 87 1 .

May : Maharaja R anb ir Singh of Kashm i r made a com

mercial t reaty wi th the Viceroy for the development of trade wi th

E . Turk i stan .

June 1 : S i r Henry Durand succeeded S i r Donald Macleod

as L i eu t . -Governor o f the Punjab .

Ju ly 8—Sept . 2 3 The adm in i s trat i ve du ti es of th e Madras

Pres idency conducted for the fi rs t t ime at Uttakamand.

Oct : The great rai lway br idge over th e Satlaj opened .

Nov . 2 9 : Khanderav Gaikwad Of Baroda d ies i n a fi t of

pass i on because d i rected to rep lace h i s m in i on D iwan by some

one of character . Malharrav, h is brother, succeeds . He had

been confined at Padra for years on susp ic ion of hav ing attempted

h i s brother Khanderav’s l i fe .

Nov . 30 : Raja Ram of Kolhapur d ies at Florence . His

successor,Maharaja Chatrapati IV.

,assumes the name of S ivaj i

and govern s under a counci l of regency .

Dec . 1 4 : The Provi nc ial Governmen ts to rece ive fi xed annual

al lo tmen ts, to be spen t on cost of pol ice, educat ion, pr in t i ng,roads and publ i c works, &c .

Jan. 1 : S i r H . M . Durand , L i eu t .-Governor of the Panjab,k i l led at Tank ,—crushed on an e lephant’s back under a gate

way.

LORD MA YO . 387

Jan . The Lt‘i shais i n Eas tern Bengal make savage raid s i n to

Kachar, and arrangemen ts are begu n to pun i sh them .

Volun teer system proposed for I ndia.

Feb . The 1 9th Madras Nat ive I n fantry mut in y,and give

trouble.

March 1 : S i r George Campbel l, successor to S i r Wm . Greyas L i eu t . -Governor of Bengal, t i l l Apri l 1 874.

Si r Donald S tewart,ch ief Commi ss ioner in the A ndaman

I slands,t i l l 1 875.

Maharaja Raj endra Pratap Shah i of Hasainpur di ed, and wassucceeded by h i s son

,Kri shna Pratap Shah i

,a m inor.

June : Faramuz , th e general o f Am i r Sher‘A li , assass i nated by

Aslam . Oct . A s lam k i l led i n pr i son .

June 1 4- 1 5 Riot at Amri tsar

,the H indus attack the Muham

madan butchers,k i l l i ng several .

Ju ly 5 : Mau lv i Liakat ‘A l i , a rebel who, i n 1 857, ruled as

v iceroy at Al lahabad,captured .

J u ly 8 : Ya‘qab Khan reconc i led to h i s father at Kabu l

th rough Lord Mayo ; made governor of Harat. Sep t. : He agai n

rebels .

Aug . 5 : The I nd ian C iv i l Engi neer i ng Col lege at Cooper’

s

Hi l l Opened by the Duke of A rgyl l.

Sep t . 2 0 : Chief Ju st ice J . P . Norman,dur i ng the tr ial of

Am i r Khan and other Wahhab i s at Cal cu tta,s tabbed by a

Panjab i . 2 1 : He died . 2 8 : Assass i n convi cted, and Nov . 4:

execu ted .

Sept . 2 1 -2 4 : Further rebel l ion s i n the G oa army necess i tatemeasu res for the preven t i on of such outb reaks four revolu t ionary

bat tal i on s d i sbanded, th e m i l i tary school abol i shed , and th e forcel im i ted to one exped i t i onary bat tal ion , a battery of ar t i l l ery, anda pol i ce corps .

Nov . 6 : Lord Mayo v i si t i ng Palampu r fai r, holds a ru ral

darbar .

Nov . 2 3 : Mil i tary exped i t i on under General s Bourchier,Brownlow, and Nuttal l, agai n s t the Lushai s to pun i sh thei r raid s .Dec . 2

, and 2 1,2 3, 2 6 : Sk i rm ishes . Dec . 2 9 : They sued for

peace,cap t ives given up

,and hos tages taken from some t r i bes ;

others hold ou t .

TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA .

Dec . 1 0 : Joachim Jose’

Macedo e Con to,Governor-General at

G oa, t i l l May 1 0 , 1 875.

Jan. 7- 1 2 The King of S iam vi s i ts Cal cu t ta.

Jan. 1 1 : Under Ram S ingh as l eader,a fanat ical sect of

Kakas at temp t to rai se an i n surrec t i on at Malair-ko t la n earLudh iana

,i n the Panjab, bu t i t was completely suppres sed by

Jan. 2 7, and th e leader deported as a s tate pri soner to Burma.

Jan. 1 5- 1 7 : A band of K irka fanat ics ru sh Mal odh for t i n

Sarhind, and another at tempt to take Malair-Ko t la and se i ze thetreasu ry . Deputy—Comm iss ioner Cowan suppressed the ou tbreakand ordered for ty—n ine pr i soners to be b lown away from gun sO thers t ri ed and execu ted some days later by the Comm iss ioner

T . Douglas Forsy th : Cowan d i sm i ssed and Forsy th removedfrom h i s pos t .

Jan . 2 6 : Lord Mayo left Cal cu t ta for Burma ; v i s i ted R angf mand Mau lmai n . Feb . 5 : He left and, 8 : at the conv ic t set tlemen tof Por t Blai r i n th e Andaman I s lands, was as sass i nated by Sher,A li , a t ranspor ted Afghan convic t . Si r J . S trachey, sen ior Memberof Counc i l

,ac t s as Governor t i l l the arr ival o f Lord Nap i er of

Merchistoun from Madras,Feb . 2 3, who officiates.

Feb . 9 : The King of S iam vi s i ted Cal cu t ta on h i s retu rn

home .

Feb . 1 7 The Lashai exped i t i on reached the v i l lage ofLalbura, th e Lt

‘

I shai r i ngleader,who had fled the force re tu rned

March 6, reached Tipai-mukh .

Feb . 1 9 : Alexander John Arbuthnot, ac t i ng Governor ofMadras

,t i l l May 1 5, when Lord Hobar t assumed Office t i l l his

death on Apr i l 2 7, 1 875.

Feb . 2 8 : The Lt'

i shais surrender u ncondi t i onal ly : armyreturn ing . March 7 : th e Kham t i t r i be

,wh i l e carry i ng off

Lashai capt ives,defeated , and captives rescued .

March 1 2 Sher‘Ali , the assass i n of Lord Mayo, hanged wi thou t con fess ing assoc iates . Annual pen s i on to Lady Mayo by

I nd ia Of gran t of J£2 0 ,0 0 0 for his ch i ldren .

Apr i l : Si r R ichard Temple’s budget y i e lds a su rplu s Of abou t

a m il l ion and th ree-quarters ; i n come tax reduced .

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TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA.

June : Sayyid Nar Muhammad, envoy from the Am i r Sher‘A l i , arr i ved at S im la. Ju ly 1 2 -

30 He convenes w i th the Viceroyon the Afghan andRuss ian Boundary quest ion . Complete al l iance

reques ted,bu t fr i end ly neu tral i ty only conceded by the Govern

men t o f I nd ia.

The Gaikwad of Baroda’s governmen t inqu i red i n to by a

Comm iss ion . Malharrav warned that u n less great improvemen t

be mani fes ted by th e end of 1 875, he w i l l be deposed i n thei n teres t of the people

,and for the peace and secur i ty Of the

Empire .

Aug . 1 8 : Mr Forsyth s tar ted from Yarqand to accompanythe envoy of Ya‘qt

‘

I b Beg to I nd ia.

Owing to claim s made on the N izamat of Mursh idabad , a

Comm i ss ion appoin ted to d i scharge such as are chargeable, andto exempt the Nawab from the j u ri sd ict i on of the c ivi l Courts .

Sept . 8 : The Mu lla of Tfi takkal masj id i n Malabar w i th eigh t

other Mappi llas murdered the pr iest of the H i ndu temple and

has tened to Kulatti ir where two men of the Variyar’

s fami ly aremurdered . A t tacked by Capt . Vesey they charged home on the

bayonets and eigh t of the n i ne were k i l led . The par i shes concerned

fi ned R S .

Nov. Messrs Bernard , Geddes, and Robin son appoi n tedComm i ss ioners i n an t ic ipat ion of fami ne i n Bengal .

Maharaja Kirat S ingh of Dholpu r dyi ng, h i s grandson, Nihal

S i ngh , succeeded .

Dec . Sher ‘Al i nom inates h i s younges t son,

‘Abdul lah Jan,

h i s succes sor, to the great d i ssat i sfact ion of h i s elder son , Yaq‘1‘

1b .

Jan. 1 1 Azim Jah Bahadur Nawah of Arkat d i es, agedseven ty

four . His son,Zah i r-ud-daula Bahadu r, succeeds to the nom i nal

t i t le .

Jan. The fai lu re of the rai n s caus i ng severe famine,S i r

Richard Temple appoin ted super i n tenden t of rel i ef i n B ihar.Fifteen d i str ic t s much d i stressed and eleven others aflected.

Temple est imates the need at a mil l ion ton s of r ice, and th e

expend it ure at

Jan. 2 4 : The Man sion House rel ief fund begun i n London

for th e Bengal famine . Feb . 4 : g iven by Queen

Victor ia. Ju ly 2 7 The fund closed J£1 2 5,0 0 0 col lected .

EARL OF NORTHBROOK . 39 1

Feb . 2 Treaty between Muhammad Ya‘qt'

i b Beg of Kashgharand the I nd ian Government arrangi ng t rade and transi t of goods ,and appoi n tmen t of represen tat i ves at Yarqand.

Feb . 1 3 : Ou tbreak of Muhammadan fanat i cs at Bombay agai n s tthe Parsi s

,—a Parsi hav i ng publ i shed a Gujarat i translat i on o f

I rv i ng’s “ L i fe of Mahomet A Parsi temple gu t ted, a number

of Parsi houses plundered and wrecked and the i nmates i l l -used .

Feb . 2 1 : The Marqu i s Of Sal i sbu ry, Secre tary of S tate forI nd ia

,t i l l March 30 , 1 878.

March : The revenue accou n t s showeda deficit of

March 30 : A loan not exceeding ten mi l l i on pounds for I nd ia

Government au thor ised by Parl iamen t .

March 3 1 A Crown Prosecu tor appoi nted for Madras .

Apri l 7 S i r Joh n S t rachey succeeds S i r l . Mui r as L i eu t .

Governor of N W . Provi nces , t i l l Dec . 1 876 .

Apri l 9 S i r R ichard Temple,successor to S ir Geo . Campbel l,

as Li eu t . -Governor of Bengal .

Apri l 1 1 : Repor t on the Bengal famine, s tat i ng the n umber

of persons on the rel ief works reduced to and

rece iv i ng free alm s. June 2 9 : Further report of the labou rers

hav ing increased to and those on char i table re l ief toJu ly 1 2 : The number Of labourers on rel ief works

reduced to bu t the paupers on alm s i ncreased to

i nd iv idual s .

Sep t . Sadan Khan , a crue l leader i n the Mut iny, condemned

to death .

Oct . Maharaja Seodan Si ngh of Alwar dies . Mangal S ingh ,son of Hardeo Si ngh , represen tat ive of the Thana family, succeeds .

Oct . 7 : Maharana Sambhu S i ngh of Udaypu r di es . SarjunS ingh

,h i s cou si n , succeed s by adop t i on .

Oct . 2 1 : A man supposed to be Nana Sah ib, captu red at

Gwal iar by Maharaja Si ndia i den t i ty d i sproved .

Nov . 9 : Attempted poi son i ng of Col . R . Phayre, Resi den t atBaroda, i n s t igated by the Gaikwad.

Nov . 2 6 : Poppy cul t i vat ion sanct ioned under the Por tugueseGovernmen t i n Mozambique, for expor t t o Ind ia and China.

Dec . 30 : The Portuguese Governmen t of I ndia con tract s

wi th the Br i t i sh I nd ia Steam Nav igat i on Co. for a steam service

39 2

A . D .

I S 74

1 875

TH E CHRON OLOGY OF I N DIA.

from L i s bon to Goa via Suez,al so for a servi ce between Mozam

bique, Qui l imane, and Lourenco Marques .

Dec . Ya‘qt‘

rb Khan impri soned by h i s father, Sher‘Al i .

During 1 874 s tate em igrat ion from Bengal to B ri ti sh Burma

u ndertaken to re l i eve the effects of scarc i ty and promo te cu lt i vat ion

of was te lands .

Dec . 2 3 : C0 1. H . Browne,Dr Anderson

,and M r Ney

El ias on a miss ion through Burma to China, received by K ingMengdun Meng at Mandale.

Jan. 4 : The Nagas of Wokha, at tack i ng the survey partyunder Capt . Butler

,met by a coun ter-at tack , and the v i llage

fi red . Jan. 1 0 : Capt . Bu t l er agai n at tacked by 40 0 to 50 0

Nagas dri ves them off w i th heavy loss . Later, Cap t . Butler cu t

Off and k i l led . Abou t Feb . 2 4 : L i eu t . Holcombe and h i s su rvey

i ng par ty, about seven ty, t reacherous ly massacred .

Jan. 1 4 : S i r Lew i s Pel ly appo in ted Special Comm i ss ioner atBaroda

,i n success ion to the Res iden t

,Col . Phayre, to i n s ti tu te

an i nqu i ry i n to Malharrav Gaikwad’

s conduct and governmen t .

Malharrav taken to Calcu tta for tr ial .

Jan. 1 5 : Col . Browne reach ed Bhamo . 1 7 : A . R . Margary,

from Hankau,j o i ned the Mi ss ion . Feb . 2 1 : Margary murdered

by Ch inese at Manwai n . The party, at tacked by th e Chinese,

retreated .

Jan. 2 9 : The Dapla t r ibes i n NE . A sam havi ng raided on

border v i l lages,a body of troops was sen t agai n st them—they

surrendered and pai d a fi ne .

Feb . 2 3 : The trial Of th e Gaikwad of Baroda for attempted

poi son i ng of S i r Rober t Phayre begun . The case referred toth e Home Governmen t . Lord Sal i sbu ry moves the deposal ofMalharrav on accoun t of h i s notori ous m i sconduct and previou smaladm in i s trat i on .

March 1 5-2 5 : The Naga tr ibes severely chast i sed for thei r

conduct i n January .

A pr i l 2 3 The Viceroy,by proclamat i on , deposed the Gaikwad

and he was deported to Madras . He d ied i n 1 882 .

May 2 7 : G opalrav, aged s i x teen , adop ted by Jamna Bai ,widow of Khanderav Gaikwad, i n s tal led as S iyaji Rao I I I . at

Baroda. Dur ing h i s m i nori ty a counc i l of regency governed .

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394 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA.

Apri l 1 2 Lord Northbrook,di ffer ing from the Home Govern

men t on A fghan pol icy, and hav ing res igned office,Edward

Robert , Lord Lytton , appoi n ted h i s successor, arr i ves at Calcu t ta.

LORD LYTTON,S IXTH VICEROY .

Apri l 1 2 The Ear l of Lyt ton arr ived, and took the oath s asViceroy at Cal cu t ta.

Apri l 1 4 : Mahendra Si ngh of Pat iala d ies . Raj endra S ingh ,h i s i n fan t son

,succeeds under a counc i l of regency .

Apri l : S i r Robert Groves Sandeman negot iates a t reaty w i thth e Khan of Kala t, and, Nov . 2 l ocate s a strong force at Quet ta

,

or Shalkot, to keep the u nru ly ch ie fs i n subj ec t i on . Dec . 8 : Atan i n terv i ew between the Khan and the Viceroy at Jacobabad,the treaty o f 1 854 renewed , wi th addi t i on s , and an agen t i s toremai n at h i s cour t .

P r i thv i S i ngh,Raja of J halavar, died w i thou t mal e i s sue ;

Bakh t S ingh adopted as he i r, ru les under a counci l of regency

pres ided over by a Bri t i sh Officer .

May 1 The Queen proclaim ed Empress of I ndia i n London .

May 2 2 : Sher‘A li obj ects to the Viceroy’s prOposal to sendS i r Lewi s Pel ly or any Bri t i sh envoy to Kabul .

Sep t . The Am i r Sher‘Al i , being pres sed to rece ive an envoy,offers to send h i s Vaki l t o I nd ia to con su l t on mat ters i n d i spu te .

Oct . The Vaki l m eets the Viceroy at S imla, who in s i st s on plac ing

Br i t i sh officers at Harat and el sewhere the cond i t i on s to be

set t l ed at a con ference to be held at Peshawar between the

Am i r’s m i n i ster and Si r L . Pel ly .

Ju ly : At Agra Mr Ful ler, a Euras ian , had s lapped a nat ive

servant for neglect , who died soon after from another cause ; he

was fined by a magi strate ; sen tence con sidered too l igh t by theH igh Court . The Viceroy i n terfered wi th the case, censur ing

both the magi s trate and th e H igh Cou r t .

Aug. 1 1 Defic i ency th rough deprec iat ion o f s i l ver cu rrency

loss abou t loan of J64,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 proposed .

Oct . 3 1 : I n a great cyclone, an enormous storm wave swep tover the del ta Of th e Ganges and Brahmaputra, causi ng th e loss

of abou t l i ve s and immense l oss of crops and property .

LORD LYTTON . 39 5

Oct . Fam ine reported i n the Madras d i s tr ic t s of Belari,Kadapa

and N el t'

I r, and i n sou thern d i s tr ic ts of Bombay and Mai sar .

Nov . S i r George Couper appoin ted Governor of North-WestProv inces .

Nov . 2 0 : An agr icu l tu ral col lege i s opened at Sa‘idapet,near

Madras .

Dec . 3 1 Recept ion by the Viceroy at the camp of Deh l i o f

seven ty—five nat ive pr i nces and ch iefs to be presen t at the proclamat ion of the Queen Empress nex t day.

Jan. 1 A ct 39 40 , Victor ia, proclaimed at a great Darbarat Dehl i i n presence of the I nd ian pr i nces

,by wh i ch the Queen

assumed th e addi t i onal t i t le of I ndiae Imperat ri x, or Empress ofI nd ia. The proclamat i on al so made at Calcu t ta, Bombay, andMadras .

Jan. 6 The Viceroy i n stal led Raj endra S ingh,the young son

,

aged five,of the late Pat ia la ch ief.

Jan . The Hon . A sh ley Eden recal led from Burma to succeedS i r R ichard Temple as L i eu t . -Governor of Bengal, t i l l 1 882 .

Jan. 1 9 : S i r R . Temple v i s i t i ng th e fam ine- s tr icken d i s tri ct s .

Jan. 30 : S i r Lewi s Pel ly meets N 1‘

I r Muhammad, the A fghan

envoy,at Peshawar

,to secure that B ri t i sh Officers should res ide

i n Afghan i stan . March 2 6 : N ii r Muhammad d ied and negotia

t i on s ceased .

Feb . 2 5 : Maharaja Kunwar Ranaj I Jand Bahadur of Nepal

d ied .

A pr i l : Rai d s of the Afridi s on the n orth-west fron t ier s sup

p ressed .

A pr i l 2 9 Famine rel ief works organ i s i ng,report s favourable .

Apri l 30 S i r Ri chard Temple succeeds S i r P . Wodehouse as

Governor Of Bombay, t i l l March 2 7, 1 885.

May 1 Muhammad Ya‘qfi b Beg of Kashghar, defeatedby the Ch i nese

,and assas s i nated . Nov . Kashghar taken and

Eastern Turk i stan regai ned by the Ch inese .

J u ly 3 : S i r James Robert Longden appoin ted Governor of

Ceyl on .

Ju ly 2 4 : Joao Tavare s de Almeida, Portuguese governor, d ies

at Panj im . The archb i sh op , the p res id ing j udge , th e colon e

396 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA .

of th e army,and the, secre tary o f S tate take charge of the

adm in i s trat i on t i l l Nov . 1 2 , when An ton i o Sergio de Sou sa,Visconde de Sergi o, takes office as Governor-General .

Aug . Drough t , fol lowed by famine,v i s i t s the Central P ro

v i nces,the Panjab and Upper Prov i nces . Aug . Nearl y a m il l ion

people repor ted to have d ied from wan t of food . A ug. 1 2

Publ i c m ee t i ng at Madras to cal l for help . Aug . 1 5 : I nd ian

famine re l ief fund announced at the Mansion House . Nov . 5

rece i ved . Fund declared closed by reques t of theDuke of Buck i ngham ,

Governor of Madras . Ti l l May 2 0 , 1 878

to tal rece ived 1 73 .

Aug. 2 9 : Employed on Governmen t famin e works

and re l i eved gratu i tously . Oc t . 7 : The cr i s i s reported

to be over .

Sept . R aja Jagatj i t S ingh, a mi nor, succeeds h i s father, Kharak

Si ngh,as Raja of Kapurthala.

Aug. 2 9-

30 : The Jawaki s, an Afri di clan,hav i ng raided i n

B ri t i sh terr i tory, are chas t i sed by C0 1. J . A . H . Pol lock . Oct. 2 1

The Jawak i s at tacked G hovizai v i l lage,k i l l i ng and wound ing

several m en . 2 2 Attack on Togh,near Kohat . 2 3 : They at tack

Kanmer. 2 5 Engage a Hav i ldar’s par ty at Shahkot, near Kerat ,k i l l i ng five and wound ing S i x . Nov . 9 Gen . Keyes en tered the i rterr i tory, and, r1 th

,took Paya. 1 4 : An at tack at Shadipu r

was repul sed . Jamu , the i r s tronghold , taken . Dec . They are

defeated and d ispersed . 8 : Proclamat i on of th e Vi ceroy to thet r ibe .

Dec . Rev . Thomas Valpy appoi n ted fi rs t B i shop of Lahor .

Dec . S i r John S trachey’

s budget ass ign s a m il l ion and a hal f to

be employed annual ly as i n surance for famines ; t axat i on rai sed ;t rade l icences assessed, &c.

Dec . 3 1 :“ Imperial O rder Of th e Crown of I nd ia i n st i tu ted

for lad ies .

Feb . 1 5 : The Jawaki s defeated by caval ry . 2 2 They sur

rendered uncond i t i onal ly .

March 1 4 : B i l l pas sed i n Counci l for the con trol o f the I nd ianvernacu lar press .

A pri l 1 7 : The Bri t i sh m in i st ry i n s t ructed the Governmen t of

I nd ia to send nat ive t roops to Mal ta—regarded as a menace

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39 8 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

Dec . 2 : The B ri t i sh force u nder General Robert s total ly

defeated the A fghan s at the Palwar pass . Dec . 9 : Reached theShatr-gardan pass . 1 1 A l ikhe l occup ied .

Dec . 7 : The Am i r’s reply t o the Governor-General , recei ved

at Labor, say i ng that“ i f the B ri t i sh Governmen t should des i re

to send a purel y fr iendly and temporary m i ss ion to h i s coun try ,wi th a smal l escort o f not more than twen ty or th i rty members ,s im i lar to that wh ich at tended the Russ ian m i s s i on

,he wou ld no t

Oppose i t s progress.

Dec . 1 3 Sher ‘A l i flees to Russian Turk i stan , l eav i ng his son

Ya‘qt‘ib as recogn i sed Am i r, to defend Kabu l . The Russ ianm iss i on wi thdrawn .

Dec . 2 0 : The troops under command of General S i r S .

Browne occupy Jalalabad . 2 6 : At a “ Darbar held at Kuram

For t,General Robert s proclaim s the annexat ion to the I ndian

emp ire of the Kuram di st r ic t i n clud ing the val ley s of Khos t andDawar . 30 : The t aja pass and the Khojak pass are crossed

by the forces under General s S tewar t and B iddulph .

Dec . 2 6 : A treaty o f ex tradi t i on and commerce be tween theBr i t i sh and Portuguese Governments i n respect to the i r several

I nd ian possess i ons i s s igned at L i sbon .

Jan. 1 Darbar held at Jalalabad i n honou r of the Queen asEmpress of I nd ia : General S i r Lou i s Cavignari explai n s to theAfghan ch iefs the Obj ec ts o f the I nd ian Governm en t.

Jan. 3 : General Roberts w i th h i s force en ters the Khostd i s tr ict . 6 : Reaches Matan wh ich i s su r rendered by the governorbut the tr ibesmen at tack the force . 2 7 : Retu rn s to Matan and

re l ieves the nat ive governor,l eav ing the local Mal iks i n charge .

30 The nat ives at tack R ob erts’s force bu t are repu lsed . Feb . 2

The S landam’ corresponden t expel led from General R ob erts’s

camp .

Feb . 1 6 KingThi bau at Mandal e’

, orders the assass i nat i on of

eigh ty-six person s, bei ng al l pri nces of the royal fami ly and the i rrelat i on s .

Feb . 2 1 Death of A m i r Sher‘A li at Mazar- i-Shari f.

March : Dar ing Dakai ti s made by Ramoshis under VasudevBalwan t Phadke i n the d i s tr ic ts round Poona

LORD LYTTON . 399

March 3 1 : Abou t forty-six of the 1 0 th Hussars drowned in

cross i ng the Kabu l r iver.

A pri l 2 General Gough defeats , near Fath iabad , about

Khagianis, i n ci ted to attack h im by Ya‘qtib Khan .

A pri l 3 : S i r Chas . U . Ai tcheson , L i eu t .-Governor of the

Panjab, t i l l A pri l 2 , 1 887.

A pr i l 1 7 S i r Al fred C . Lyal l succeed s S i r George Couper as

L i eu t . -Governor of N W . P rov i nces and Audh .

May 8 Ya‘qt‘

i b Khan arr i ves i n S i r Samuel Browne’s camp at

Gandamak to nego t iate . 9 : Recogn i sed as Am i r. 2 6 : Treaty

arranged by General L . Cavagnari and s igned —The Bri t i sh tooccupy Kuram

,th e Khaibar pass and P i sh i n val leys ; to have a

res iden t at Kabu l and an annual subs idy of s i x lakh s to be paid

to the Am i r. 30 : The treaty rat ified . June 8 : The Bri t i sh

t roop s re t i re .

May 1 0 The Ramoshi Dakai ts, under D aulata Ramoshi , after

plu nder ing abou t S irI‘

I r, appeared at Neri,near Panwel i n the

Konkan,wounded fi ve men and carr ied Off Rs . 60 70 , and at

Palaspe wounded th ree and plundered proper ty val ued at R S .

Re turn ing to the Dekhan,Maj or Dan ie l l pursued them ,

k i l led D aulata and o thers, and recovered most of the propertytaken at Palaspe.

J une 2 7 Lord Lawrence, late V iceroy ( 1 863 died bu r iedi n Westm ins ter Abbey.

Ju ly 1 5 : S ir S teuar t C . Bai ley,offic iat i ng L i eu t . -Governor

of Bengal,dur ing absence Of Hon . S ir A sh ley Eden

,t i l l Apr i l 2 4,

1 88 2 .

Ju ly 2 1 : Vasudev Balvant Phadke, the Brahman leader ofDakai ts

,captured at D evar Navadgi by Major

'

D aniel l . He wastr ied at Poona and sentenced to transportat ion

,and sent to A den ;

he d ied there 1 7th Feb . 1 883.

July 2 4 : S ir Lou i s Cavagnari, the Br i t i sh envoy, and escor trecei ved at Kabul .

Aug, 1 1 I ndian Rai lways Guarantee A ct passed .

Aug. A ri s i ng in Rampa, the h i l l d iv i s ion of Godavari d i str ict,from the conduct of the Mansabdar

,i s pu t down by troops ; the

rebel s several t imes defeated,and par t ial ly su bdued by Oc tober .

Sep t . 3 : Afghan sold iery and the mob bes iege the Kabu l

40 0 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF IN D IA .

res iden cy ; charge after charge is made by the escor t , bu t thebu i ld ings are fi red, and the defenders are massacred to a man

i nclud ing S i r L . Cavagnari, Mr Wm . Jenk i n s, C.S .

,L i eu t .

Ham il ton,and Dr Amb rose Kel ly

,w i th twenty-s i x caval ry and

fi fty i n fan try .

Sept . 5 Mu t i ny at Hara t—mil i tary and c iv i l governors k i l led .

Sep t . 6 : General Rober t s leaves S im la for Kabu l : 1 6 : He

i ssues a proc lamat i on from Al ikhel to the Afghan people .

Sep t . 1 9 : A t tack on General Baker’s en t renchmen ts at

Shatr-gardan repul sed . 2 2 : A Bri t i sh con voy attacked by

Mangal s near Shatr-gardan : eigh t S ipahis and fi fteen muleteers

k i l led and mules taken . 2 4 : General Baker’s br igade advanc ing

from Shatr-gardan occup ies Kash i. 2 7 : General Roberts i s

at tacked on h i s march from Al ikhe l by Mangal s and Ghi lza i s .2 8 He arr ives at Kash i .

Sep t . 2 7 : Am i r Ya‘qub Khan arr i ved at General Baker’s

camp wi th h i s father-in-law Yah ia Khan,his young son Mfi sa

Khan,the Commander-‘n-Ch ief Daad Khan

,and a large escort .

Sep t . 30 : L ieu t . K inloch , 1 2 th Bengal Caval ry,assass inated

by Afghans be tween Chapr i and Mandosi i n the Kuram val ley .

Oct . 2 : Col . Money at tacked at Shatr-gardan , dr ives Off the

Afghans, who los t severely . 5 : General Rober ts and his force

of i n al l,wi th eigh teen guns, reach Charasiab abou t four

m i les from Kabu l .

Oct . 6 : Bat t l e of Charasiab : severe con tes t w i th an army of

be tween and Afghans ; the Bri t i sh loss, 1 8 k i l ledand 70 wounded , wh i ls t the Afghans left 30 0 dead and abou t

98 guns . 8 : The Afghan army fled . 1 0 : General Rober t sv i s i t s Sherpur

,and Bala H isar . 1 2 He en ters Kabu l .

Oct . 8 : Mr S t Barbe leaves the res idency at Mandale wi tho t h er Europeans

,and the k ing repor ted to be

“ dri nki ng.

”

Oc t . 1 4 : Mr G . B . Daman t , Pol i t i cal Agen t i n the Naga h i l l s,murdered wi th his escor t on his way to Khonoma, to sei ze arm ss tored by the Nagas . The Nagas then at tacked Koh ima

,wh ich

was defended for th i rteen days t i l l re l i eved by CO1. Johnstone

from Man ipur . A m i l i tary exped i ti on fol lowed , las t i ng t i l l March

1 880 .

Oct . 1 2 : The Am i r Ya‘qt'

i b Khan comes to General Rober ts

to declare h is abd icat i on . General Roberts reads h i s proclama

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40 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA.

Nov . 2 4 : I n Maidan d is tr ic t the A fghan headmen refused

the khalsa or governmen t grai n,and

,ass i s ted by Gh i l za i s

,

at tacked the caval ry col lect i ng i t , andmurdered S i rdar Muhammad

Husai n Kh an , th e B r i t i sh agen t . The ch ief Mal ik’s fort destroyedand h i s s tore of grai n confi scated . Th is ends res i s tance .

Dec . 1 Ya‘q i

‘

I b Khan sen t off to I nd ia by doub le marches .

8 Yah ia Khan,Z akar ia Khan , and the late Vaz i r sen t to I nd ia.

Dec . 8, 9 : Cdmb ination of tr i bes under Muhammad Jan

Wardak . 1 0 : General Macpherson defeat s a body of them at

Paghman . 1 1 : At tacked by or Afghans,after

desperate figh t i ng al l day, the Afghan s s t i l l held the Takh t-i -Shahhe igh t s .

Dec . 1 2 : General Baker’s troops take the he igh ts be tween

Ben i -Hisar and the Bala—Hisar, the Afghans los ing heav i ly .

1 4 : More Afghans and the people from the c i ty occupy theKoh - i -Asmai . A fter desperate at tacks on immense masses the

troops w i thdraw to Sherpu r.

Dec . 1 9 General Char les Gough advanci ng from Gandamak ,at tacked at Jagdalak, ret i res i n to the for t . Dec . 1 8

,1 9 : I h

deci s ive confl i c t s .

Dec . 2 3 : Muharram 1 0,H . 1 2 9 7 : The A fghan s—abou t

- at tack Sherpur camp, and after desperate effor t s are

defeated wi th great loss th e Ghazi s refuse to surrender or re treat .

2 4 : General Char les Gough ’s force arr ived . The A fghan con

federat i on b reaks up and d isperses . 2 6 The ci ty and Bala Hisar

reoccupi ed by the Br i t i sh .

Dec . 2 3 : The tr ibesmen attack Jagdalak and are repul sed.

2 9 :‘A zmatulla Khan , wi th Gh i lzai s, made a bold at tack

on General Franci s B . Norman’s pos i t i on at Gandamak .

Dec .

‘Abdul Rahman , son of Afzal Khan

,the eldes t son of

Sher Khan,fled from Turki s tan to Balkh .

Jan. Nagas , from the i r fort above Khonoma,make a raid On

Baladhan tea-

garden , i n Kachar, over 80 m i les d i s tan t, k i l l th emanager, Mr B lyth , and s i xteen labourers , plundered and burn tevery th ing i n the place .

Jan. 1 0 Ghaz n i i s held by Muhammad Jan and other sardarsw i th

,and on behal f Of, the young Mfi sa Khan as Am i r.

Jan. 1 5 The Mohmands, be tween the Khai bar and Jalalabad ,

LORD LYTTON . 40 3

r i se and attemp t to cross the Kabul r iver wi th men , but

are repel l ed by the detachmen t at Dhaka.

Feb . 6 Afghan correspondence wi th Russia found at Kabu l .

March 1 3 : S i r R . Temple, Governor, l eaves Bombay . M rL i on el R . A shburner, act i ng Governor t i l l 2 8th Apr i l.

March 2 7 : The Naga for t above Khonoma subm i tted .

Khonoma dest royed, and th e Nagas have to surrender thei rfi rearm s and pay fines .

March The tr ibesmen at tacked Fort Battye near Jalalabad

L i eu t . Angelo k i l led .

March 30 : General S i r Donal d S tewar t w i th h i s d iv i s i onl eaves Qandahar for Kabul . A pr i l 1 9 : He i s attacked at

Ahmadkhel by a large Gh i lza i force, and abou t Ghazi s

charge home,but are su ccess fu l ly defeated

,dead being

left on the fi eld . 2 2 : He arr i ves at Ghazn i . 2 3 : Agai n defeat s

th e Gh i lza i s .

March 3 1 : Muhammad Jan defeated and k i l led by Hazaras .

Apri l : Sher‘A l i , cous i n of the late Ami r, made Governor ofQandahar .

A pr i l 1 2 : King Thibau,at tacked by smal l-pox, and to avert

the anger Of Sp ir i t s wh ich sen t the plague, prepares a great

sacr ifice of human be ings . Thousands of fugi t i ves escape by

s teamers to R angi‘

I n.

Apri l 1 3 At a darbar at Kabul, a deputat i on of Sardars fromGhazn i w i th the Kabul and Hazara Mal ik s, is i n formed by Mr L.

Griffi n that Ya‘qab Khan could not be al lowed to return to

Afghan i stan , and that the B ri t i sh army would be wi thdrawn as

soon as an Am i r had been appoi n ted .

Apri l 1 6 : A camp at Duwai at tacked by Pathan s and th egarr i son k i l led . 2 5 Col . J enk i n s at Charasiab at tacked by some

Logaris ; rei n forced by General Macpherson,he scat ters

them wi th great loss .

A pri l 2 8 : S i r James Fergu sson succeed s S i r R ichard Temple

as Governor of Bombay, t i l l 2 7th March 1 885. The Marqu i s

of Har t i ngton succeeds Vi scoun t Cranbrook as Secretary of

S tate for I nd ia.

May 5 : S i r Donald S tewar t arr i ved at Kabul and took over

the ch ief command from General Roberts .

40 4 TI I E CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA

May 2 0 : Ramavarma of Travankor died , and i s s ucceededby h i s bro ther

,al so named Ramavarma.

MARQUIS OF RIPON , SEVENTH VICEROY .

May 30 : The Marqu i s of Ripon arri ves at Bombay as

successor to Lord Lyt ton . J une 8 He is i n s tal l ed at S im la.

June 9 : The car Of Jagannath was no t , as u sual , draggedthrough the s t reets of Pur i on th i s day.

May : Pri nce Nyaungok, a refugee from Burma,escap ing

from Calcu tta, organ i sed a band on th e Burmese fron t ier,but

advanc i ng, i s defeated by the Burmese troops . June : Renewi nghis attempt he was agai n repu l sed ; and was made pri soner by

the fron t ier pol ice . J une 2 7 He en ters B r i t i sh terr i tory .

Ju ne 9 Ayfi b Khan , bro ther of Ya‘qt

’

i b Khan , l eaves

Hara t wi th an army of for Qandahar .

Ju ly 4 : General J . M . Primrose sends General J . Burrows tothe Helmand to aid Wal i Sher Khan agai n s t Ayt

‘

tb . 1 1 : E n

camping Oppos i te G i r i shk , Sher Khan’s t roops on the farther

bank . 1 3 Sher Khan ’s troops deser ted to Ayt‘

i b Khan GeneralBurrows crossed and captured the s ix guns they had.

J u ly 2 : M r Charle s E . Bernard succeed s S i r Chas . U .

Ai tcheson as Chief Commi ss i oner of Burma, t i l l March 2,1 883.

Ju ly 1 6 : General B urrows ret i red to Khushk-i-Nakhud, hal f

way to Qandahar . 2 7 : A t Maiwand, Burrows, w i th less than

men,i s at tacked by abou t Afghans and total ly

defeated , los i ng 934 k i l led and 1 75 wounded and mi ss i ng. The

res t re treated to Qandahar . J u ly 2 8 : General P r imrose wi th

drew from the can tonments in to the c i tadel w i th abou t men ,expel led the Duran i i nhabi tan ts, and st rengthened the defences.

Aug . 3 : General S i r F. Roberts ordered to prepare to march

to Qandahar . 9 : He starts w i th abou t men , campfol lowers, and an imal s . 1 5 : Reached Ghazn i , 98 m ile s

from Kabul . 1 6 : General P r im rose made a sort ie agai n s t Deh

Kwaj i v i l lage, but i s repu lsed after a severe struggle and the loss of

officers and 1 80 men . 2 3 : Roberts arr i ved at Kalat-i-Gh i l za i .Ayt

'

I b Khan rai sed the s iege Of Qandahar and en trenched at Mazra

i n Arghandab val ley . 3 1 : Roberts en ters Qandahar, 3 1 3 m iles

from Kabul .

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TH E CH RONOLOGY OF I NDIA .

March 2 5 : Maharaja Chama Raj endra Udayar i n s tal led by

the Governor of Madras as sovere ign of Mai sur .

Apri l 1 : The Am i r ‘Abdul Rahman’s garri son for Qandahararr i ves . I 6 Muhammad Hash im Khan , the new governor, arr i vesthere . 2 1 : General Rober t Hume wi th the B ri t i sh force leaves

Qandahar for the P i sh i n val l ey w’

a Chaman .

Apri l 1 2 General Kennedy starts from Tank,and General J .

J . H . Gordon from Bannu,wi th strong forces to pu n i sh the

Balozai Waz i ri s for the rai d made on Tank i n Jan. 1 879 . The

t r ibe gave up five of the rai d i ng ch iefs Mashik of the Manakhel,

the r ingleader , escaped to Kabu l , h is d i s t r ic t was despo i led ;Kan iguram ,

the ch ief town,reached . May 1 8 General Kennedy

re turned to Tank . Later Mashik was surrendered .

May 2 4 : The Righ t Hon . Wm . Pat r ick Adam,Governor o f

Madras, died at Uttakamand. Mr Wm . Hudleston,act ing

Governor t i l l Nov . 4.

June 3 The Am i r’s governor of G ir i shk defeated Ayah Khan’s

officers,forcing them to leave the fort . 1 1 At Karez- i- safid

,on

the Helmand,he agai n defeated them .

Ju ly 2 6 : A t Karez-i-atta, close to Maiwand,Ayi i b Khan

defeat s the Am i r’s force under Ghulam Haidar,who left h i s

baggage and abou t five lakhs of rupees on the field . Ayirb at

once occup ied Qandahar .

Aug . 6 : Ghulam Hai dar holds Kalat—i—Gh ilza i . 1 4 :‘Abdul

Rahman s tar t s from Kabul . 2 1 Ghu lam receives re in forcemen tsfrom Kabu l . Sept . 1 The Am i r reaches Kalat-i-Ghi lza i . Ayii b

offers to nego t iate, bu t is refused . Sept . 2 0 : He i s defeated by

the Am i r at old Qandahar,ch iefly through deser ti on of troops

,and

abandon ing his four teen guns and baggage, AyI‘

I b flees to Hara t .The Am i r en ters Qandahar.

Oc t . 1 - 2 : Ayfib i s twi ce defeated by‘A bdu l Kudus Khan on

the way to Hara t . 2 Ayub flees to Ghai n i n Pers ia. 4 :‘Abdul

Kudus en ters Harat on behal f Of the Am i r .

Nov . 5 : Mr Mountstuar t Elph in stone Gran t-Duff, Governorof Madras

,t i l l 1 886 .

Nov . 1 0 : By decree of the Portuguese government CarlosEugen i o da S i lva

,Vi sconde de Paco de Arcos

,appoin ted to

succeed Cae tano Alexandre de A lmaida e Albuquerque as

Governor—General at Goa, t i l l Dec . 2 3, 1 885.

MARQU I S OF RI PON . 40 7

Jan. Lord Ripon v i s i ted R angt'

m. Governmen t Of I ndia te

monstrated agai n s t the monopol ies imposed by Thibau. The

monopol ies condemned,bu t not abol i shed .

Feb . The Burmese foreign m in i s ter i n t imates to the IndianGovernmen t that the local Officers on the fron t ier were di rected todestroy the boundary mark s recen t l y made and s tat i on Burmeseofli cials on the Spot .

Feb . A fzal Khan selected by the Am i r ‘Abdul Rahman, asB r i t i sh agen t i n Kabul .

A pr i l : Thibau sends an embassy to the Viceroy,rece ived at

Thyet-myo and sen t to I nd ia. 33 : I t reached Sim la. May 3

Formal ly received by the Viceroy. The Mandalé governmen trefused to agree to the terms provi s i onal ly adop ted

,and the

nego t iat i on s ceased,Aug. 2 1 .

A pr i l 1 5 Mr Theodore C . Hope temporari ly finance m in i s ter

t i l l May 2 2nd.

Apri l 2 1 : Pol i t ical massacres sai d to have recommenced at

Mandale.

Apri l 24 : S i r A . Rivers Thompson i ns tal led Li eu t . -Governor

of Bengal,t i l l Aug. 1 1

,1 885.

Ju ly 1 0 : A con t i ngen t of troops from Ind ia ordered to

Egyp t for the war wi th Arab i Pasha. 2 2 : The Seaforth Highlanders l eft Bombay ; landed at Suez

,Aug. 8 . Aug . 5

-

3 1 O ther

por t i on s of the force leave Bombay and Cal cu t ta.

Ju ly 2 8 : A Hindu process ion at Sal em s topped oppos i te a

mosque wi th band and play ing i n defiance of custom , theMuhammadans rai sed a r i o t : two Muhammadans ki l led , and

abou t 1 50 Of both par t ies wounded . Aug . 1 6 (Muhammadanfeas t of ‘I d-ul—fitr) : The H indus at tacked Muhammadans i n a

mosque, burn t i t, sacked and burn t thei r houses and k i l led

several,women and ch i ldren i ncluded . The pol ice and be t ter

class H indus s ided w i th the r io ters . Rio ts fol lowed i n several

places i n Sou th I nd ia.

Sep t . 2 9 : S i r Muhabbat Khanj i , Nawab of Junagadh , d ied .

Oc t . 1 Bahadur Khanj i i n s tal led as Nawab .

Nov . 2 4 : The Sarhind Canal, 50 0 miles i n leng th , for i rriga

t i on, Opened by the Viceroy .

Dec . An earthquake i n nor th Gujarat and par t of R aj pu tana.

40 8 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA.

Dec . 1 6 : The Ear l of K imberley succeeds the Marqu i s ofHart ington as Secretary of S tate for I nd ia.

1 883 Jan. R angucharl ia Diwan of Mai su r d ied .

Jan. 1 7 : Manpur, A l i Rajpu r, at tacked by a party of Bh i l s,R ohilas

,&c . ,

under Chi tu a Bh i l, ari s i ng from di scon tentmen twi th the D iwan or ch ief. The raiders d i spersed by Cen tral

I nd ia Horse and Bombay local pol i ce .

Feb . 2 Mr C . P . I lbert moves for leave to br ing i n to Counci lhis Cr im inal Procedure Amendmen t B i l l : i t exci ted much

oppos i t i on among Europeans . Feb . 2 8 : Great meeti ng i n Cal cu t ta ;the opposi t i on led to al terat i ons .

Feb . 8 : S i r Salar Jang, m in i ster o f Haidarabad d ied ofcholera,—great ly regretted .

March 1 2 S i r S teuar t C . Bayley i n t roduced i n to Counc i l theBengal Tenancy B i l l .

March 2 9 : Fi rs t mee t ing o f the European and A nglo- I nd ian

Defence Assoc iat i on formed at Calcu t ta.

Apri l 1 1 Destruct ive fi re i n Mandalé announced .

Apri l : An Anglo-I ndian A ssoc iat i on for nat ives formed i nLondon .

Apri l : The Myi ngun pri nce, son of K ing Mengdun Meng,who had k i l led his uncle

,the he i r apparen t, i n 1 866

,and fled to

Bengal,escapes to Chandranagar.

Apri l 2 7 : The Am i r,

‘Abdul Rahman , from Jalalabad,

summon s the Sh i nwari s ; they decl i ne h i s authori ty . May 8 : He

defeats the Sh i nwari s at Pesh-Bolak . June : Peace made w i th them .

May 1 1 Baba Surendranath Banarj i , ed i tor Of the B engalee

weekly,sen tenced to two months’ impr isonmen t for gros s l ibel

agai n st J udge Norri s .

May 1 6 : A dreadfu l i nundat io n i n Kachar,the town of

S i lchar nearly all under water, caus ing great d i s tress . Food, &c.,

sen t from Cal cu tta.

Ju ly 3 6 : Great flood i n the Tapti r iver, sweep ing away two

m iles of rai lway and many houses i n Surat . Bombay merchants

subscr ibed to rel ieve the d is tress .

Ju ly 2 1 The I nd ian Governmen t sends to the Am i r of Kabulthe fi rs t i n stalmen t o f a mon thly subs idy o f a lakh of rupees .

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4 1 0 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA .

May : The Burmese agai n threaten to destroy the boundarymarks and the Konkal Bri t i sh ou tpos t .

June : The Myingun pri nce escapes i n a French s teamer to

Colombo,but i s returned i n the same sh ip to Pond icheri , and

de tai ned under supervi s ion .

June 1 4 : The Musa Khel Pathans made a n igh t at tack on an

ou tpos t of Thal—Cho t ial i,bu t were repu lsed .

Aug. 1 1 Maharao Kengarj i Bahadur i n stal led i n the governmen t of Kachh by S i r James Fergu sson .

A ug. 2 4 : The Am i r of Afghan i stan assen ts to a j oi n t Angl o

Russ ian Fron t ier Comm iss ion . Sept . 1 3 : The Br i t i sh Commiss ion ,under S i r Peter Lumsden

,l eft Que t ta for the Helmand and

Sarakh s .

Sep t . 2 2 : Tai ngda Mingy i i nc i tes the fears of K ing Thibau,con tr ives the escape of jai l p r i soners

,and then

,wi th o ther official s,

l eads the troops agai n s t them,se t s fi re to the jai l s and massacres

the escap ing pr i soners be tween 2 0 0 and 30 0 k i l led .

Sept . 2 0 Expedi t i on under General S i r O r ie l Turner to pun ish

the Musa Khels or Kakar Pathans of Zhob,s tar ted from Quetta

for Anambar mos t of the tr ibes at once Subm i t ted . Oct . 2 3 One

act ion,i n wh ich fifty

-six were k i l led,completed the subj ugat ion ;

the leaders fled,bu t were cap tured

,fi ned and gave hos tages ;

Shah Jahan escaped to the Gh i lza i s . Nov . 2 2 The t roops re turn .

Oc t . I 1 Publ ic meet i ng at Rangt‘

m memor ial i ses the Governmen t of I nd ia on the m i sgovernmen t and barbar i ty of KingThi bau, and begs i n terference for reform or ano ther ru ler. The

Chamber of Commerce al so urge annexat i on or a change o f ruler .

Dec . 3 : The Marqu is of Ripon re t i red from the government .

TH E EARL OF DUFFERIN,E IGHTH VICEROY .

Dec . 1 3 : The Ear l o f Du ffer i n i ns tal led at Calcu t ta as

Viceroy and Governor-General .

Dec . 1 3 : The Afghan Fron t i er Commiss i on reached BalaMurgh ab

,and the R ussian Commiss ioner no t hav ing arr ived ,

i t w i n ters th ere .

Dec . 2 7 : Twelve Mappi llas shoo t the bro ther of a man

who had renounced I slam ; take possess ion of Trikkal t'

i r temple .

TI I E EA RL OF DU FFER I N . 4 1 1

2 8 : A desperate res i s tance offered , and eleven ki l led and th e

twel fth mortal ly wounded . One pr i vate k i l led, and L ieu t . D ay

and a pr ivate wounded . Th ree taluks di sarmed i n Feb . 1 885.

Jan. 1 5 : The Burmese embassy conclude a t reaty at Par i s,and a French con su l i s to res ide at Mandale. A le tter from

M . Ferry of same date to the Burmese foreign m i n i ster prom i sedthe t ransport of arm s and ammun i t i on through French Tonqu in .

Feb . A l ikhanov wi th t roops from Merv tr i es to get possess ionof Panjdeh for the Russ ian s, and occupies Aka-Tapa

,Z ulfiqar

Pass on the Har i R ad, and the Pu l- i-Kish t i . March 2 9 : TheRuss ian t roops fix a quarre l on the Afghans and at tack and k i l l

abou t 50 0 men . The proper ty of Cap t . Charl es E . Yate and

h i s compan ion s looted by Tekke Turkoman and other troops .

General Komaroff proclaim s the an nexat i on of Panjdeh.

March 1 1 Bengal Tenancy Act passed by Counci l .

March 1 6 : The Kach i ns had re taken Bhamo wi th Ch ineseass i s tance, and after a l ong s iege the Burmese retake i t .

March 2 7 S i r James Fergusson ret i res from the Governorsh ip

Of Bombay,and Mr James B . Pei le acts as Governor . 30 :

Baron Reay assumes the Governorsh ip, t i l l Apr i l 1 2 , 1 890 .

March 3 1 The Am i r ‘Abdu l Rahman arr ives at Rawal-p indito mee t the Viceroy . Apri l 6 : He at tends a parade of

troops,and i s presen t at a s tate banquet . 8 Rece ived i n darbar

and presen ted wi th a sword Of honou r . He is i nves ted w i th the

Apr i l : The Bombay—Burma Trading Corporat i on , l es sees ofN ingyan teak fores ts

,complai ned to Mr C . E . Bernard

,the ch ief

commiss ioner,of the i n terference by the Burmese w i th the terms

of the ir con tracts . He appeal ed to the Fore ign Min i ster . Aug. 1 2

The H igh Court of Ava decided that the Corporat i on haddefraudedthe k ing of eleven lakhs

,fi ned them double that sum ,

and five

lakhs to be pai d the foresters i n the employ of the Corporat i on .

The k ing refu ses the arb i trat i on of the V iceroy .

May 1 4 : The Burmese embassy at Rome concludes a t reatywi th the German governmen t nego t iated by Baron von Kendel l .

May 1 : A gang of Mappil las i n Ponnan i taluk murdered a

Cheraman andh i s family . 3 Havingse i zed the house of aNamb frtiri

Brahman landlord,they are al l k i l led there by the troops .

4 1 2 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I NDIA .

May : A nat i ve volu nteer corps formed under the Commanderin-Ch ief.

May : M . Haas arr i ved at Mandale as French consu l ; he

endeavoured to es tab l i sh a French bank,to run a French flot i l la

on the I rawadi,to work the ruby m ines

,to construc t a French

rai lway i n Upper Burma,and to take the Ningyan forests i f the

Corporat ion’s lease were cancel led .

May 30-

3 1 : Severe ear thquake at Sri nagar,Kashm i r, e ighty

Seven k i l led . Success ive shocks t i l l J une 2 0,

deaths anddwel l i ngs repor ted destroyed .

June 2 4 : Lord Randolph Chu rch i l l appoin ted Secretary forI nd ia.

Ju ly 8 : S i r Frederi ck S . Roberts announced to succeed S i rDonald S tewar t as Commander-in-Ch ief.

Aug . The Deb Raja Of Bhutan had a d ispu te wi th thePenlosor governors, and after some fight ing i s deposed and

forced to take refuge w i th th e Lamas .

Aug . 2 8 The B ri t i sh Governmen t i ns i s t that B r i t i sh subj ec tsi n the pos i t i on of the Bombay-Burma Corporat i on must recei ve

a fai r t r ial,and request th e suspens i on o f act ion t i l l th i s i s done .

Sept . 2 0 : The Burmese s top the company’s rafts . Oct . Theydecl i ne any arb i t rat i on or to suspend act ion .

Sep t . 1 2 : Ranb ir S ingh,Maharaja Of Kashm i r

,d ies

,and i s

succeeded by h i s son,Pratap S i ngh

,who proves fool i sh and

i ncompetent .

Oct . M . Haas, French agen t at Mandalé, announced un

at tached “ on accoun t of heal th .

”

Oc t . 2 2 : The Ch ief Comm i ss ioner of Burma sends an u l ti

matum to King Thibau, requ i r i ng the acceptance of a permanen tRes iden t

,the en ti re suspens i on o f proceed ings agai n s t the Bombay

Burma Corporat ion t i l l the Residen t arr i ved . The s teamer

would wai t reply t i l l 6th Nov. Nov . 7 King Thibau cal led upon

al l h i s Offic ial s to expel al l Engl i sh . 9 : His reply rece ived was

tantamount to an evas i on of the terms .

Oc t . The L i mb in pr i n ce, son of the Bu rman hei r-apparen tmurdered i n 1 866

,l eft Bri t i sh protect i on at Maulmein and at

th e head Of ex i led ch iefs Of Kengtung s tate sough t to overthrow

Thi bau.

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4 1 4 TH E CH RONOLOGY OF I N DIA.

Jan. 1 : Lord D uflerin proclaim s the A va terr i torie s part o f

the B ri t i sh dom i n ion s .

Jan. Dakai ts p i l lage ou ts ide Mandal e'

; sharp confl i c t s occur

w i th band s Of them ; two pre tenders to the throne appear w i ththem ; A launghpra, a pre tender , cap tured : tr ied and sho t . Tai ngda

Mingyi,Thi bau

’

s mi n i s ter, accu sed of murder, sen t temporar i ly toI nd ia. Died at R angi m, May 3 1 , 1 896 .

Jan. 1 6 : Burmese defeated at Kadol ; and at Kunna ; th i r ty

six i n surgen t s k i l led . 1 9 : The rebel ch i efs flee . 2 7 : Rebel s

defeated on t h e Mas r i ver by Maj or Wi l l iamson .

Jan. 1 9 : Grand m i l i tary rev iew held by Lord Du ffer i n at

Dehl i troop s presen t .

Jan. 2 9 I ncome Tax B i l l passed by the I nd ian Counc i l .

Feb . 7 The Earl o f Kimberley succeeds S i r Randolph

Church i l l as Secretary Of S tate for I nd ia ( second t im e).

Feb . 1 2 The Viceroy,Lord Du ffer i n

,al ong w i th S i r F .

R obert s , arr ive at Mandal e’

, are wel l rece ived , l eave 2 3rd.

Feb . 1 3 Panjdeh, given up to Russ ia i n J u ly 1 885, is en tered .

Feb 1 6 : L i eu t . -Gen . S i r Charl es G . Arbu th not , Commanderin-Chief

,Bombay , t i l l Dec . 1 0 .

March 6 : The Ch ief Comm is s i oner,Mr C . E . Bernard , i ssues

pac ific proclamat i on to the Burmese . 1 2 He assumes Office at a

Mandale.

March 1 8 A t Yindowango 40 0 Burmese rebel s su rpri sed anddefeated . A week later forty rebel s k i l led at Z emethen. Mr S tBarbe k i l led i n Basse i n d i s t r ic t wh i l e at tack i ng dakai ts.

March 3 1 General P rendergas t leaves Mandal e’

,and General

Geo . S . Whi te takes command of the t roops i n Burma.

Apri l 1 5 : The adheren t s of the Myingu n pri nce,a son Of

King Mengdun Meng, ru shed a pol ice s tat i on and burn t about80 0 houses i n the c i ty and many more i n the suburb s Of Mandale.

May : Col . Fi tzgerald leads a succes sfu l exped i t i on agai n stthe Burmese rebel s ; some insu rgen t l eaders su rrender .

May 1 5 Al l Burma i nc luded by decree i n B ri t i sh I nd ia.

June 6-

7 : Defeat of Burmese i n su rgen t s under BO Shwe byMr Phayre at N eape i n t h e M inh la jangals. 8 Mr Phayre k i l led .

1 2 Cap t . Dun sford k i l l ed i n a confl i c t wi t h 50 0 dakai ts at Sal em .

1 9 : Maj or Hai les repu lsed at Tama.

TH E EA RL OF DUFFE RI N . 4 1 5

June 2 1 A li Jab Jayaj'

rav S i ndia of Gwaliar d ied succeeded

by his son,a boy , wi th a regency .

Jul y : I ncreased dakai ti i n Upper and Low er Burma. 1 3 The

Myingaing pri nce offered Rs . for the head of S ir Char l esBe rnard

,the Ch ief Comm i ssioner

,and th reaten ed to burn the

Mandal e’

palace,used as publ i c ofi

'

fices and re sidence of the head

qt'

arters’

stafl'

s. 2 6 : L i eu t . Higgi n s de feated rebels who lost 1 50

ki l l ed and wounded . Aug . 1 : Several sharp ski rmi shes—Maj orA itkinson ki l l ed

Ju ly : The Afghan i stan delimitat i on completed . Sept. 6 The

Joint Commiss i on di ssolved . The firs t pil larwas formal l y erec tedNov . 1 2 , 1 885 .

Aug . 4 : The Righ t Hon . S ir Ri chard A. Cross appoi n ted

Secre tary of S tate for I ndia created Vi scoun t Cros s,Aug. 1 9 .

Aug . 1 6 A hi gh fl ood of the I rawadi burs ts the embankmen ton the wes t of the suburbs of Mandalé ' much destruct i on of

property and some loss of l i fe . 2 5 I nundation subsiding .

Sep t . 1 7 : G e neral S ir Herbert Macphers on,Commander- in

Chief of Madras army,arri ved at Mandalé t o take charge of

operat i ons i n Burma. Oc t. 2 0 : Died o f fever on the I rawadi

nea r P rom .

Oct. 5-8 : The H i ndu Durga-puja and Muslim Muharram

f‘stivals coincid i ng, great ri o ts occu r at Dehl i , quel l ed by them il itary .

Oc t. 2 8 : Augusto Cesar Cordoso de Ca rval ho, GovernorGeneral of G oa.

Oct. Ri sing in Afghan i stan agains t taxati on : treasure se iz edin trans i t .

Nov . 2 : Mi nhla b urnt b v Burm ese insu rgen ts . 9 : Sir F .

Roberts arri ves at R angai n, to pacify the coun try . 1 8 : He

reaches ) ‘I anda l é . 2 3 : Col . Holt cap tures the po si ti on at Pumn) Iyang : Tham—ban the rebe l leader and his son ki l l ed. Expediti ons agains t the dakai t chi efs, Bo Shwe and Hla U

,under

General R . C . Low and Maj or Wm . P . Symons, capture the i rstrongholds and d i sperse the bands .

D ec. 8 : The Righ t Hon . S ir Robert Bourke succeeds theRigh t Hon . M . E . Gran t Du ff as Governor o f Madras ; createdLord Connemara

,Ma): 1 2 , 1 887 .

4 1 6 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N D IA.

Dec . 9 L i eu t .—General S i r Char les G . Arbu thnot,Commander

i i i -Chief,Madras

,t i l l March 6

,1 89 1 .

Dec . 1 2 : C0 1. Wm . F . Gatacre wi th the Bombay Lancersd i spersed the rebel s at Pakokku .

Dec . 3 1 A fi re occurs i n the boo th s at a fai r at Madras : greatpan i c

,abou t 40 5 people los t the i r l i ves .

Jan. I The Kyimyin pri nce—a pretender—at tacked and k i l led ,and hi s fol lowers d i spersed . Jan. Col . E . Stedman despatched

wi th t roops to Nyaungywé i n the Shari s tates, to rel ieve SawMaung the Sawbwa, who was attacked by the L imb in pr ince, son ofMendat

,the bro ther of King Mengdun Meng . Jan. 2 4 : Attack

on the band i t Bo Shwe’

s camp 5 he escaped .

Jan . 1 7 : The Marmagao harbour, improved to accommodate

sea-going vessel s, i s opened . Rai lway from Goa opened for 47mi les

,toward s Hubl i .

Jan. 2 7 Kun Sai ng the Sawbwa of the s tate of Thi baw is the

firs t Shan ch ief to render al leg iance .

Feb . 1 2 General S i r F . Roberts l eaves Mandalé after

organ i s i ng the m i l i tary and pol ice, leav ing the Upper Burma force

under Gen . S i r Geo . White .

Feb . 1 6 : The Jub i lee of the Queen -Empress celeb rated i n

I nd ia and Burma wi th great magn ificence ; school s, hosp i tal s, andhal l s founded .

March 5 Wun tho Sawbwa makes his subm i ss ion,bu t refuses

to come in personal ly he pays the tr ibu te .

March 9 : Bo Shwe’

s gang are defeated, he escapes . Oct . 1 .

Bo Shwe,after fi fteen years’ br igandage, from M inlha i s pursued

i n Lower Burma,and k i l led by moun ted i nfan try .

March 1 2 : Mr C . H . T . Crosthwai te succeeds S i r C . E . Bernard

as Ch ief Comm i ss ioner of Burma. March 2 2 Col . Dance defeat s

a party of dakai ts.

Apr i l 2 : M r Jas. B . Lyal l succeeds S i r Ch . U . Aitcheson as

L i eu t .-Governor of the Punjab , t i l l March 5, 1 89 2 .

Apri l : I n Sagai ng, th e notor iou s band i t, H la U , murdered by

h i s own fol lowers,who broke up i n to smal l bands, and terror ised

the fores t t racks . 2 0 : Oktama i n M i nbu defeated wi th los s of

twen ty-three men .

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4 1 8 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA.

Nat i ve Femal e Med ical Serv ice i n I nd iaamounted to Rs .

and i n England

Oc t . 3 1 The Kapur thala Raja offers h i s army and five lakh s

o f rupees for the defence of the I nd ian fron t iers .

Nov . 6 : Ayub Khan surrenders h imself to the Bri t i sh repre

sentative at Mashhd.

Nov . 2 1 : S i r Auckland Colvi n , Finance Min i ster, succeedsS i r Al fred C . Lyal l as L i eu tenant-Governor of the N .

-Western

Provi nces,t i l l Nov . 2 8

,1 89 2 .

Dec . I O : The Am i r of Afghan i stan i ssues an amnes ty pro

clamat ion .

Jan. The S ikk im Raja, under the i nfluence of Tibetans, hav i ng,i n con traven ti on of h i s treaty, erected a fort ified wal l across the

road over Jalapla pass, and Tibetan s occupi ed Lingtu,

troops are sen t os tens i bly to repai r th e road to Tibet . The Raja

and Dalai Lama prove obs t i nate to the Viceroy’s cou n se l : an

expedi t i on i s prepared .

Feb . 9 : Lord Dufferi n announces h i s i n ten t i on of resign ing,

for pr ivate reason s .

March 1 5 : The Dalai Lama, given t i l l th i s date to wi thdrawhi s Tibe tans from L i ngta

,i n I nd ian terri tory

,took no not ice of

the i n t imat i on,and C0 1. Graham wi th about men

,advances .

2 0 : The advanced s tockade at Je luk s tormed and the Tibe tan sre t i red and began to for t i fy at Takola and Jalaplapass . 2 1 Lingtu

found deser ted and the fort ificat i on s ordered to be des t royed .

May 9 : The Afghans de feat a rai d of Turkomans who wi shedcer tai n fam il ies of the clan to cross i n to Russian terr i tory .

May : An exped i t i on sen t agai nst Sawlapaw,ch ief of the

Eas tern Karen-ni , who had attacked Maukme, expel l ing theSawbwa, occupyi ng the town and devas tat i ng the coun t ry . Heret i re s before the force, but re turn s on thei r wi thdrawal i n Ju ly .

May 2 2 : The Ti betans , re i n forced , at tack General G raham ’scamp at G natong, but are repu lsed .

May : Maung Po-saw rai ses a rebel l i on i n Mogaung d i str i c t ,exci t i ng th e Kach i ns to aid h im ; a desperate at tack made on thes tockaded town of Mogaung, repu lsed by the Gurkha m il i tarypol ice . The Kach i ns refuse to subm i t

,and an exped i t i on under

General S i r G . Whi te proceed s again s t them i n the cold season .

TH E MARQU I S OF LANSDOWNE . 4 1 9

J une 1 9 : Maj or L . R f Battye and Capt . H . B . Urm istone

and fi ve S ipahis murdered by Akazais whi le expl ori ng on the

border near th e B lack Mountai n .

Aug. I s-haq Khan , cous i n of the Am i r, and Governor of

A fghan Turk i stan , being summoned to Kabul , revol ts . He

at tempted to gai n th e Bam iyan pass, bu t th e Am i r’s general fore

s tal l ed h im . Sept . 4 (P He i s attacked at Tash -kargan by

Ghulam Haidar,bu t defeats his left wing ; Ghulam at tacks wi th h i s

r igh t,and defeats I s—haq . I s-haq a fugi t ive i n Russ ian terr i tory .

Sept . 2 4 : CO1. Graham at tacked the agai n re in forced Tibetan s

at Jalapla pass and drove them ou t wi th great l oss, and pursuedthem to Chumbi the Raja hadfled . Graham’s advance suspended

,

and the exped i t i on recal led .

Sep t . General J . W . McQueen commands“ The Hazara Field

Force of four columns to avenge the death of Maj or Battye and

Capt . Urm istone. Oc t . 4 Sei zes Manakadana. General Wm . Gal

braith defeat s the enemy, who lose 2 0 0 men . 5 : The enemy

en trenched at Kotkai d i s l odged and a severe defeat i nfl ic ted, a

body of Ghazi s be i ng cut off to a man. 1 8 General McQueen

advances and burn s the ir v i l lages . Pal os i andMaidan,the s trong

holds of the H industan i fanat ic s,taken . 2 1 -

30 The enemy hastento make submi ss ion and pay fines . Nov . 2 : General Charm er

takes G orafar peak of the Chai la mountai n s, 9 ,50 0 feet . 5 Returncommenced . 1 8 The Akazais

,Hasanzais

,&c . ,

final ly subm i t .

Nov . 1 2 : The Ear l o f Duffer i n created Marqu i s of Duffer i n

and Ear l o f Ava.

THE MARQUIS OF LANSDOWNE , NINTH VICEROY .

Dec . I O Lord Duffer i n depar t s and the Marqu i s of Lansdowne

i s i ns tal led as n i nth Viceroy .

Dec . 2 3 Rai d of the Ch i ns on the Bri t i sh border.

Dec . 2 6 :‘Abdul Rahman fi red at by a sold ier of the 4th

Harat i regimen t at Mazan -i -Shari f, bu t he m issed h im and was at

once cu t down .

1 889 Jan. 1 : General H . Col let t, with a force from Fort S tedman

(Maingthauk) to Karen -ni defeats nat i ve ch iefs . 9 : His and

C0 1 . J . J . Harvey’s col umn s reach and captu re the capi ta

420 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

Saulon the rebel ch ief, Saulapa, had fled . Hi s nephew, Saulawi,

i nduc ted as ch ief of the t r ib utary s tate i n subord inate al l iance .

Jan. The for tress of Quet ta completed .

Jan. 2 3 : H .R .H . the Duke of Connaugh t w i th the Duchess

arri ved at Haidarabad on a vi s i t to the N i z am .

Jan. 2 8 : The Lushai h i l l t r ibes made a rai d i n to Tipara,dest royi ng v i l lages, k i l l i ng about a hundred people and carry i ngoff nearly as many pri soners .

Feb . 3 : The Am i r’s troops under Ghu lam Haidar Khan

defeated the Sh i nwar i i n surgen ts . 2 0 : Ghulam Hai dar i s made

governor-general .

Feb . 9 : Maj or Franci s Howard s tormed th e dakai t posi t i onnear Mount POpa, sou th-eas t of Pagan .

Feb . 2 3 By decree Augus to Cesar Cardoso de Carvalho

t ransferred from I ndia to the Cape Verde I slands . Apri l 1 1 Vasco

Guedes de Carvalho e Menezes appoin ted to the I nd ian governor

sh ip .

Feb . 2 7 The Taungbu—Mandale rai lway, 2 2 0 m iles long,

connect ing Upper and Lower Burma, completed , and opened

March 1 for t raffic . I t was sanct ion ed Sept . 1 886 .

March 9 : Hkama, the cap ital of the Lepu Kach i ns, and seventeen v i l lages destroyed in pun i shmen t of recen t raid s and rebel l i on .

March 2 7 Sakkar b r idge over the I ndus opened . 3 1 : There

were now m i les of rai lway open and mi les under

construc t ion .

Apri l 1 Si r Geo . Whi te, at Rangun , hands over charge of the

Burma command to General S i r Benjamin Gordon , Commander

in -Ch ief of Madras .

Apri l 1 3 : General S i r George B . Wolseley leads an exped i t i on

agai n s t the Penkan Kach i ns, sou th -eas t of Bhamo . 1 8 Captures

a vi l lage . May : He return s to Bhamo .

Apri l : Treasonab le correspondence of the Maharaja of Kashm i r

and h i s late D iwan , Lakshman Das, d iscovered by the Residen t .The Maharaja, who was notori ou sly unfi t for rule, abd icates, and

a counci l of s tate appoin ted .

Apri l : The Tashon Chin s are pun i shed for raid s on Indi n

and Kale, and z oo k idnapped cap t ives recovered .

May 1 1 Great fi re i n Mandale; abou t 450 hou ses bu rn t .

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42 2 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA.

road through the Zhob , Barhan , and Bori val leys to promo tecommerce .

March 1 3 : H .R .H . the Duke of Connaugh t,Commander-in

Ch ief, Bombay army,re t i res and l eaves ; General S i r G . R .

Greaves succeeds,t i l l Apr i l 1

,1 893.

March 1 1 A Chi nese Amban from Lhasa arr i ves at Cal cu t ta.

1 7 A treaty that S ikkim i s recogn ised as a B ri t i sh feudatory s tate

i s agreed to . The Raja fl ees to Tibet . Apri l : He is arrested i nNepal ; l i ves i n re t i rement .

Apr i l 1 2 : The Righ t Hon . Geo . R . Cann i ng,Lord Harr i s

,

becomes Governor of Bombay i n success ion to Lord Reay,—t i l lFeb . 1 6

,1 895.

May 3 1 Maj or-General B . L . Gordon made over the Burmacommand to Br igadier—General S i r Geo . B . Wolseley.

Ju ly : The dakai t leader, Bo Yanyun,surrenders to M r

Macdonald . Aug . He is tran sported for l i fe .

Aug. 9 : Great flood of the I rawadi,Mandalé endangered .

Sept . 2 1 -2 4 : Takendrajit S ingh , commander-in-chiefofMan ipu r,dethroned the raja

,h i s elder bro ther, Sura Chandra S ingh , and

set up h i s bro ther, Kula Chandra Dhaya S ing, the juvaraja, i n his

place the Raja S t‘

i ra Chandra ret i red to Calcu t ta.

Oct . 2 2 : The B lack Mountai n exped i t i on or demonstrat i on

under General S i r J . M . McQueen se t s ou t ; Nov . 3 re turn s .

Dec . 1 0 S i r Alexander Mackenzie succeeds S i r C . Crosthwai te

as Ch ief Comm i ss i oner of Burma,t i l l Apr i l 1 0

,1 895.

Dec . 1 7 S i r Char les A . E ll i o t succeeds S i r Steuar t C . Bayley

as L ieu t . -Governor of Bengal .

Jan. 2 Pun i t i ve force sen t agai n s t the Ch in s and other tr ibes

reaches Theta ; after a con test i t i s su rrendered .

Jan. 8 : By decree Vasco Guedes de Carval ho e Menezes

i s re l i eved of the governmen t at G oa, and Franci sco Mar ia da

Cunha appoi n ted 1 2 5th governor, t i l l Feb . 4, 1 89 2 .

Jan. 1 2 Great fi re at Poona : many houses des troyed .

Jan. 2 3 : Beilby Lawley , Baron Wen lock , takes charge as

Governor of Madras,t i l l March 1 8, 1 896 .

Jan. Pun i t i ve exped i t i o n to Momeit, a Shan state, to pun i sh

ou trage s ; a vi l lage burned , and rebel s k i l led .

TH E MARQU IS or LANSDOWN E . 42 3

Feb . 1 5 Kanhau ch iefs i n Upper Burma pun i shed for raid ing ;several vi l lages des troyed ; the ch iefs subm i t, give up capt ives,and pay fines to Cap t. F . M . Rundal l .

Feb . 1 9 : The Sawbwa of Wuntho rebel s. Maj or O . S . Smy thwi th 40 0 Europeans re in forced . 2 2 : The Sawbwa deposed by

proc lamat i on, and h i s terr i tory annexed . 2 4 : Wuntho,held i n

force by the rebels, at tacked and carr ied after a desperate res i s tance, the Sawbwa flees

,and h i s palace i s burn t . Capt . A .

Hutchi n son defeat s the rebel s at Okpho. 2 6 : General G . B .

Wolseley takes command at Wuntho . March 3 : He holds adarbar at Wuntho ; the Bri t i sh flag hoi s ted . With Col . Mac

pherson he ad vances i n to the Wun tho coun t ry, and the Sawbwas

of Wun tho and Kale re treat .

March 1 9 : The Factory B i l l for the protect io n of womenand ch i ldren passed . The “ Age of Consen t to Marr iage B i l l ”

passed .

March 1 9 : Exped it i on under General E l le s to the B lackMountai n : the P ioneers attacked by Ghazi s . Apri l 5 : Sharp

engagemen t . 7 Sappers mak ing road at tacked,fourteen sipahis

ki l led . 1 8 : Machai peak ascended .

March 2 2 : Jas. W . Quin ton,Ch ief Commiss ioner of A sam

,

arr ived at Man ipu r w i th C0 1. Skene and 470 Gurkhas and officers

to i n s tal t he regen t and remove the Senapat i . 2 3 The Senapat i ,Takendrajit S ingh , refused to surrender. 2 4 : His arres t res i s ted

i n a sharp s truggle i n the fort ; the Man ipur i s at tacked the

res iden cy ; then the Senapat i i n vi ted Mr Quin ton , Col . Skene,Mr Grimwood

,and three others i n to the palace and assass i nated

them . At m idn igh t th e res idency was agai n attacked ; the force

wi th Mrs Grimwood ret i re,tak ing the wounded wi th them . 30

They arr ive at Lakh ipur . 2 8 : L ieu t . C . J . W . Gran t , with e igh ty

S ipahis, star ted from Tamu i n Burma. 3 1 : Entrenched atThobal ,and held ou t agai n s t the Man ipur army t i l l Apr i l 7 : on ly one

k i l led .

Apri l : The Mul las of the M iranzai val l ey preach a j z'

fzc'

z'

d

agai n st th e Bri t i sh, and are headed by Sayy id Mir Basha hold i ng

the Samana he ights . General S i r W . Lockhar t, wi th men,s tarts from Kohat to res i s t the O rakzai s, who make a s udden

at tack but are repu lsed . 1 7- 1 8 : S i r W . Lockhar t captures ou t

post s . 1 9 2 0 : The enemy d ispersed and v i l lages burn t : abou t

TI -I E CHRONOLOGY OF I N DIA .

30 0 O rakzai s k i l led . 2 2 : The Akbe l t r ibe at tacked : severe

fight ing and v i l lages destroyed . 2 9 : The S haikans pun i shed,

thei r towers des t royed . May 3 : Several tr i bes accep t cond i t i on sand subm i t . May 1 2 : The tr ibes seek peace and restore stolenproperty . 1 7 The troops ordered to re turn .

Apri l 2 5 About Man ipur i s d riven from thei r en trenchedcamp by CO1. Th . Graham ’s force . 2 6 : The forces find theMan ipur palace b l own up and the regen t , Senapat i , and o therpri nces fled . May 8 : The regen t, Kula Chandra, and h i s

m in is ter,the Tongal general, cap tured ; and a for tn igh t later the

Senapat i Takendrajit S ingh .

Apri l 2 5 : Two young Parsi women throw themselves , or arethrown

,from the Un ivers i ty tower

,Bombay—the cause not d i s

covered .

June 9 - 2 0 : The Man ipur regen t, the Senapat i , Angas Sena, ayounger brother, and the Tongal general t r ied and sen tenced todeath . Aug . 1 0 : The sen tence on the Senapat i and Tongal

general confi rmed , the regen t and h is younger bro ther to be

transpor ted for l i fe to the Andaman i sland s . Aug . 1 3 : Taken

drajit and the Tongal general hanged at Man ipur .

Aug. Capt . Yanoff,wi th a m il i tary force

,s tops Cap t . Young

husband and L i eu t . Dav idson travel l ing on the Afghan fron t iers ;the Russ ians ret i re on the advance of a party of Gurkhas .

Sept . 1 3 : Chura Chand , a relat ive o f the late Maharaja,

selec ted to govern Man ipur as “ Raja,”and bei ng only fi ve years

old,the state to be adm in i s tered dur ing h i s m i nori ty by a Bri t i sh

officer .

Oc t . 2 3 : The Viceroy v i s i t s Kashm i r : honourab ly rece ived at

Sri nagar. The powers of the Maharaja i ncreased .

Nov . General Wolseley t ransferred to Belgaum .

Dec . 2 The Kunza and Nagar tr ibes,i nduced by the i n trigues

of Russ ia,at tack part i es maki ng roads near G i lgi t ; L i eu t . -Col .

A . G . A . Durand , the Bri t i sh agen t,takes N i lt for t . Dec . 2 0 - 2 2

Cap t . Col i n Mackenzie,L i eu t . Manner s Smi th

,and o thers force

the i r way near N i lt, occupy i ng other places ; Ja‘far Khan of

Nagar subm i t s and the war ends .

Dec . 1 2 : The dakai t Bo Le ki l led and h i s fol lowers d i s

persed by L i eu t . Magrath , ass i stan t comm iss ioner of Katha.

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426 TH E CHRONOLOGY OF I ND IA.

works, des igned by Maj or Tul loch,and wh ich had cos t fi fteen

m i l l i on rupees .

Apri l 2 Lushai s at tack the tea estate of Burunchera and k i l lfifty

-two labourers . Advance of Capt . J . Shakespear, superintendent of the Sou th Lushai h i l l s . Abou t 2 4th : Confl i cts , andv i l lages des troyed . 2 6 : Several ch i efs su rrender to Mr Rob t . B .

M‘Cabe. May : They gradual ly se t t l e down .

May 2 : S i r Alex . Mackenzi e,Ch ief Commiss i oner of Burma,

left i n i l l heal th . May 2 3 : S i r F. W . R . Fryer officiates t i l lMay 3, 1 894.

May, J une : Heavy rai n s i n Madras . May 5 employedon fam ine rel i ef work s i n South I nd ia. Rai n i n Bengal ; total onre l i ef works

,

May 2 2 : Maharaja Mangal S i ngh of Alwar d ies ; h i s he i r aminor ten years old . May 2 5 Hi s m in i ster assass i nated .

J une : The Hazaras o f Oruzghan revo l t agai n s t the taxat ion

imposed by the Am i r and defeat h i s troops who lose severel y

J u ly : Many tri bes un i te to res i s t the Am i r’s harsh ru le .

June : Cap t . Yanoff,wi th a strongm i l i tary escort from Fergh

ana, proceeds i n to Shighnan. Ju ly 2 4 : He orders a few A fghan

troops at Somatash near the Yesh i l-ku l to su rrender and on the i r

refu s ing his Kosaks fi re on th em . Sep t . 1 4-Oct . 3 : Capt . Yanoff

and h i s force re turned to Marghilan.

Ju ly : Good mon soon rai n s ; rel i ef works d im in i shed .

Aug . 1 9 : The Ear l o f K imberley appoi n ted ( th i rd t ime)Secretary of S tate for I nd ia, t i l l March 1 0

,1 894.

Aug . 2 0 : The Governor of Qandahar repu lsed by Hazarai n su rgen ts . The Am i r’s t roops cap ture Kamsin from the rebels,but w i th heavy los s . Sept . They occupied Oruzghan.

Aug . Aman-ul-Mulk,Meh tar of Ch i tral , d ied ; Oc t . 1 7 : h i s

second son,Afzal-ul-Mulk

,se i z ed the authori ty

,and h i s elder

bro ther, N i zam -ul-Mulk,fled to G i lg i t . Nov . His uncle

,Sher

Afzal Khan,usurps the governmen t , and Afzal-ul-Mulk i s k i l led .

Dec . Nizam -ul-Mulk re turn s and defeats Sher Afzal Khan who

flees to Afghan i s tan .

Oc t . 5 : General S i r Wm . Lockhar t commands the I sazai

exped i t ion agai n s t the B lack Moun tai n t ri bes .

Oct . 1 4 : The Ch ins r i se i n rebel l i on , and i n a fight at Pombai

THE MARQU IS OF LANSDOWN E . 42 7

near Fort Wh i te they k i l led seven S ipahis ; L i eu t . Henegan

arr ivi ng wi th fi fty S ipahis, th ey ret i red For t Whi te i s re i n forced

by L i eu t . Wardel l .

Oc t . 2 5 :‘A bdu l Khudas Khan , the Am i r

‘A bdul Rahman’s

general , died .

Jan. 6 Col . A . H . Turner occup ies Bulandkhel on the A fghan

fron t i e r.

Jan. Nizam -ul-Mulk recogn i sed as Mehtar of Ch i tral by the

Bri t i sh . 2 8 : Dr Geo . S . Rober t son,agen t at Gi lg i t

,sen t w i th

a m iss ion to Ch i tral . Left i n June .

Jan. 1 7-

30 : The Kach i ns make attacks on the pol ice post at

S ima (renamed Fort Morton ) bu t are repu lsed by Capt . A tk i n son’s

force . Feb . 4 : H is force s tormed and captured a s tockaded fort

at Palap . 1 2 : I n the Shan s tate of The in n i , the Kach i ns

encounter the m i l i tary pol i ce under L ieu t . Wil l iams and gai n

a part ial s ucces s : L i eu t . Wil l iams k i l led . Feb . 2 0 - 2 4 : Maj orHammans reduces to subm i ss ion the S iy i n and Nwengal Ch in s

i n North The i nn i and about S ima.

March 4 : Tribesmen from the I ndus val l ey attack the Bri t i shfor t at Ch i las and are repu lsed wi th above 1 50 k i l led, bu t wi ththe Br i t i sh l oss of Maj or Averi l l Dan iel l

,th ree nat ive officers and

n ineteen men of the Kashm i r Imperial t roops .

March 8 Ch ina res i s ts the claim s of Russia i n Turk i s tan .

March 1 1 : Raphael Jacome Lopes de Andrade appoin ted

Governor-General o f Portuguese I nd ia.

March 1 3 The Ch i n s d i sarmed .

Apr i l 1 : General S i r G . R . Greaves res igns command of the

Bombay army,and i s s ucceeded by General S i r J . Hudson k i l led

by a fal l from h i s horse, June 9 .

Apri l 2 : General S i r George Whi te, appoin ted to succeed

Lord Robert s,arr ived at Bombay . 8 : Lord Roberts leaves

Bombay, and S i r George Whi te as sumes office as Commander-ln

Chief. 2 5 : General S i r James C . Dormer, Commander- ln-Chief,Madras, mauled by a t iger . May 3 : Died at Uttakamand of

i nj ur ies . Succeeded by General Mansfield C larke .

Apri l 9 : Col . A . C . Yate arr ived at Qandahar as Com

m i ss ioner in the d i spu te about canal r igh ts i n the Kushk val ley

fron t ier . May 1 8 : A rr ived i n the Kushk val ley and met L ieu t .

TI I E CHRONOLOGY OF IN D IA .

Col . Kurapotk in,the Russ ian represen tat ive . Aug. An amicable

se t tlemen t made . Sept . 1 2 : Repor ted .

May 2 9 : By a cyclone,s ix ty-four men un load ing the

German ia are drowned .

June 1 Col . Yanoff agai n left Marghelan wi th a force,moved

to the Pamirs . Most o f the t roops remai ned i n the Alai val ley .

He advanced apparen t ly to rel i eve the m i l i tary guard s placed therethroughou t the wi n ter. The exped i t i on returned to Ferghana i n

Augus t .

J une 9 : Maj or-General C . E . Nai rn e succeeds S i r John Hudson

as Commander- in-Ch ief of the Bombay army .

June 2 5 : Ser ious r io t s at Rangun between H indus and

Muhammadans at the Baqr- i-‘I d : several k i l led after an attack

on the pol ice . At Bare l i the H i ndus at tacked the Musalmans ;

and i n Azamgarh d i s tr ic t armed H i ndu bands at tacked them the

L i eu t . -Governor, S i r Ch . Cros thwai te,took v igorou s measures

agai n s t the i n s t igators .

Ju ly 30 : Destruc t i ve floods i n Kashm i r ; par t of Sri nagar

des troyed,w i th loss of l i fe .

Aug . 1 1 : At the Dasara or Durga-pu ja,co i nc idi ng wi th the

ro th Muharram , a great r i o t broke ou t at Bombay, and mi l i tary

sen t to suppress i t ; i t las ted t i l l 1 5th . Death s , 76 ; arrests,684 bei ngHindus ; many condemned to lengthy impri sonmen t .

Aug . 1 5 : The Khan of Kala t i s deposed , who had k i l ledmen and women i n th i r ty-six years

,and had recen t ly pu t

his Diwan to death . Nov . 1 0 : M ir Mahm t'

td Khan formal ly

i n stal led at Que t ta as successor.

Sept . 1 8 : Bri t i sh M i s s ion to Kabul,under S i r H . Mort imer

Durand and General E . R . Elles,s tar ted from Peshawar . 2 0

Rece i ved at Dhaka by General Ghulam Haidar . 2 3 At Jalalabad,

quar tered at the Am i r’s new palace . 2 7 : Arr ived at Su rkh-pu l .

30 : At Lataband pass ; and Oct 2 : reached Kabu l and are

rece ived w i th much honour and hosp i tal i ty . Oc t . 1 0 : After a

lengthy i n tervi ew a sat i sfac tory set t lemen t arranged . Nov . 1 2

Se t tlemen t s igned . The annual subs idy rai sed to eighteen lakhs

of rupees . Nov. 1 3 : At a darbar the m i ss ion i s rece ived by theAm i r’s son s . Nov . 1 5 : S i r H . M . Durand and the m iss ion

leave Kabu l .

Oc t . 2 0 : Rio t i ngat Yeola, Nasik d is tr ic t ; a Hindu process ion

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430 THE CHRONOLOGY OF I NDIA.

other parts of Western I ndia, doi ng much damage to the

rai lways .

Ju ly 2 8 Rangun H igh -pressure Water Supply Work s opened

by the Ch ief Comm iss ioner .

Aug. 2 3 : Convent ion rat ified del im i t ing the fron tier between

Ch i na and Burma, sou th of lat i tude 2 5°

35’

N .

Aug . 2 6 : I n Garhwal , by a tremendous landsl ip near Gohna,Sept . 6

,1 893, most of t h e Maithana hi l l fel l i n to the B i rah i

ganga, formi ng a long lake abou t 70 0 ft . deep, wh ich now burs t

at midn igh t , carry i ng away b r idges, bu i ld ings, an imal s, &c.,bu t

warn i ngs hav i ng been sen t ou t , no loss Of l i fe occu rred .

Sept . 1 3 : At the B rim Wafdt, i n memory Of Muhammad’s

death,a Ganpat i p rocess i on i n Poona d i sturbed the Musl im s i n a

mosque,when a r i o t en sued , and a Muhammadan was k i l led and

o thers i nj ured ; the mob had to be charged by the pol i ce to clear

the s t reet s .

Oct . I : Troops under Col . A . H . Turner concen trated at

Dera I smai l Khan to support the pol i t i cal Officer and pro tect thedel im i tat i on party agai n s t the Waz iri s. Nov . 3 : The Mahsud

Waz iri s made an at tack on his camp at Wano wi th men :

they were defeated,wi th a lo ss of 330 k i l led .

Dec . 1 2 The Mahsuds refuse to comply w i th the term s offered

and S i r Wm . Lockhar t wi th reserves advances to carry ou t thedemarcat ion and obtai n reparat i on . The Mul la Pawanda re

t reated wi th h i s fol lowers . 2 1,2 2 : Mak i n des t royed and some

desul tory figh t i ng .

Dec . 2 4- 2 9 : Firs t medical congress at Cal cu tta ; Opened by

the Viceroy .

Dec . 3 1 Am i r-ul-Mulk,a younger brother o f N i zamiul -Mulk,

at th e i n st igat ion o f Umra Khan of Jandol, has the Meh tarof Chi tral murdered and claim s the success ion . The Ch i tral war

fol lowed .

I N D E X

BA_J I Pant Purandhare, 1 62

A A basah ib ofKolhapur, 31 5, 3 1 6‘Abbas , Shah of Persia, 63, 65, 79Shah I I I . , 1 70M irzaof Persia, 323

Abbasabad , battle , 33 1Abba sah ib—Sabt’ i , 2 40Abbott , Capt . Jam es , 35 1Abdal Chakk Of Kashmi r , 48, 49

‘Abdul ‘A z i z Khan , Afghan, 96

Az i z Khan Of Junnar , 1 83Baq i , author, 74Ghafur , Shah , 1 67Ghani Khan, 1 68

Hak im Khan Of savanar, 2 0 0 -2 0 2 ,

2 2 2

Ham id Khan, I 55Haqq , Shaikh , h i storian, 59Jal i l Sayyid of B i lgram ,

1 42

I i afi nn iBfiapfir, 1 1 7, 1 2 0 ,1 2 1

Karim Khan,Balu M iya,

”2 64

Kudus Khan, 40 6 , 42 7‘Abdul lah ofJanj ira, 1 73‘Abdul lah ‘A di l Khan of Bijapii r, 30‘A li Gauhar, 2 1 2 , 2 1 3Jan, Kfib lfl , 390 , 397Khan ‘U z bak , 40Khan, Sayyid , 1 54, 1 59Khan Bahadur, Firuz Jang, 68, 69 ,79Khan, Qutb-ul -Mul k , 1 60 , 1 62 , 1 641 1 6‘Abdul Makri , Kashm ir, 2 5

Haqq , Shaikh , h istorian, 59Nabi , Mathura, 1 0 7, 1 1 2Qad ir, Ahmadnagar, 34Qad ir Badaoni , 59Rahim S id i Of Janj ira, 2 55Rah im Khan (M irza), Khan Khanfin, 47, 5 1 , 59 , 6 1 , 64: 66 ;

74, 80

Rahman Sfir, 36Rahman Of Kabul , 382 , 384, 385,40 2 , 4 1 1 , 4 1 7: 4 1 9 ) 42 7Samad Khan of Labor, General ,

1 30 ,1 57, 1 62 , 1 67

‘Abdul Samad Khan Abdal i,2 1 5

Sayyid , Panghulu, 32 7, 328Wahab Khan, Karnatak , 1 95 2 0 8

Abercromby , General S ir Robert , 2 6 12 64, 2 68, 2 70 , 2 7 1 , 2 97

A bhapura h i l l , 375Abhaya S ingh Of Marwar , 1 54, 1 56 ,

Abingdon, Major, 249 , 2 50Abors, 42 9Abraham , Syrian bishop , 59Abreu, Gonz alo de, 68‘A bul Fath Mu‘in-ud~din

,Muhammad‘A l i Shah , OfAudh , 34 1

Faz l , Shaikh, 32 , 59 , 62Hasan Qutb Shah , 1 1 9 , 1 2 7, 1 2 9 ,1 30

Ma‘al i , Kabul , 4 1Qasim Mir‘Alam , 2 93Tal ib Londoni , author, 268

A byssinia, 34Abyssinians , Hab shis

, 383A chchhé , Buland A khtar , poet , 1 67A ché, Count de, 20 6Ach in, Ach inese 3 1 39 , 45, 47, 53.

62, 70 , 76 , 84, 87, 90 , 1 84

A chyuta Raya Of Vijayanagar, 2 2 , 2 9Acts Of Parl iament

,2 58, 2 85

Adalaj , inscript ion, 5 ; batt le, 1 70Adam , S ir Frederick , 32 9 , 334

MrJohn, 3 1 7

W i l l iam Patrick, 40 5, 40 6

Adam Khan, Gakkhar, 33A dam s , Col . John Worth ington, 30 9 ,

3 1 1

MajorThomas , 2 1 9 , 2 2 0Addams , James , 1 1 3Add i son, Gul ston, 1 52 ; Joseph , 1 52Adham Khan of Malwa, 38, 39‘Aden, 1 2 1 4, 1 8 354, 386 399‘A d i l Khan Faruq i , M iran Ghani , 2

7Khan I I I . , Fari

‘i qi , 1 1 , 1 6

Shah Sti r, 32

Ad ina Beg, 20 5Adlecron, Colonel , 2 0 3Adoni

,2 50 , 2 57

adoption sanads, 377

2)

432 I N DEX .

A flonso, Martin, 2 6, 65Afghans , 1 6 , 2 1 , 2 6 , 45, 47, 5 1 , 6 1 , 68,

69 , 1 1 4, 1 1 7, 1 58, 1 69 , 1 84- 1 86

,

1 88, 1 89 , 2 1 2 , 2 1 6, 337, 339-

34 1 ,

352 . 388, 390 , 394, 398-

404, 4 1 1 ,

Afghanistan, 6 1 , 66 , 76 , 1 1 9 , 1 57, 1 62 ,

426

Afghan-Persian boundary, 389 , 397 ;

Afghan del im i tation comm ission,

4 1 0 , 4 1 3, 4 1 5, 4 1 7Afrasyab Khan,

2 50 , 2 55A frican Company , 1 0 8

Afri di tribes, 353. 354, 395. 396, 40 5Afzal Khan,

68 ; 1 0 5Afghan, 380 , 382 , 383, 40 2 , 40 5,40 7

of Ch itral , 426, 42 9Afzal -ud-daula, N izam , 36 1 , 376, 385Afzal -ud-din , Of Surat , 3 1 5Afz al -ul -Mul k

,Ch itral , 42 6

Agash i , 2 2 , 70Agham , 1 8

AghaKhan, 1 34Khan Muhammad Husain Husaini ,I sma‘i l i Imam , 30 6 , 335, 338,

Mi rMutamad-ud-daula, 32 6Agnew , Patrick A. Vans , 350 , 353Agra, 7, 8, 2 0 , 2 2 , 2 7, 30 , 32 , 34, 4 1 ,

46, 6 1‘63r 75, 77>

78, 80 , 83, 93-

95, 98, 1 0 3- 1 0 5,

Waterworks , 429Agricul tural exh ibi t ion, 378Ahatal la or Theodore, Syrian b ishop ,

1 0 1

Ahdad , an Afghan, 7 1

Ahalya-bai , of Indor , 2 24, 2 69

Ahmad I I . Bahmani , Of Ahmadnagar,58‘A l i , of Kabul , 4 1‘A l i , Roh i la, 2 68Beg, Ori ssa, 79Khan, 7Khan, Ahmad Shah I I . of Gujarat,34 ; Ahmad I I I . , 39

Khan,Kashm ir, 42

Khan Of Burhanpur, 1 52Khan,

Abdali , 1 87‘Abul Nasr, Sul tan,1 83, 1 88, 1 96 ,

Shah Abdal i , 2 0 5, 2 1 1 , 2 1 2 , 2 1 5Shah I I I . , Bahmani , 1 7N izam Shah Bahri ofAhmadnagar,2, 3, 7a 9

Ahmad Shah Durani , 1 9 1 , 1 93, 20 3,2 1 1 , 2 2 5, 2 33

Sayyid , Wahhab i, 32 7

A ll l l l adfib Z-

ld, 40 , 46, S I , 69 : 72 , 741 75,

1 72 , 1 764 781 1 8 1 7 1 95, 1 99 , 244,2 50 , 30 1 , 30 7, 32 7 ; khati b of,1 52

Ahmadkhel , 40 3Ahmadnagar, 3, 1 6, 1 8, 2 1 , 23, 2 7, 2 8,

3 1 . 33. 36. 37. 39 . 42 . 44. 52 .6 1 : 64a 68: 74s 84,

2 72 , 2 83, 2 85, 3O6Ahmadul la, Faizabad Maul vi , 369 , 37 1Ahwaz , 36 1A ikman

,Captain, 369

A islab ie, Wi l l iam ,1 47, 1 5 1 , 1 56, 1 57

A i tch ison, S irCharles U . , 399 , 404, 4 1 6

A i tkad Khan, Bengal , 96A itk inson, Major , 4 1 5A ix-la-Chapel le, treaty, 1 89Ajaju, batt le, 1 50Ajaygarh, 2 94Aj i t S ingh , Of Marwar, 1 49 , 1 54, 1 56

S ingh , Sardar, Lahor , 343, 344Ajmir, 2 3, 2 9 , 52 , 72 , 82 , 1 0 5, 1 2 3

Aka tribes, 40 9Aka-Tapa, 4 1 1Ahauk -Taung, 356Akazai clan, 4 1 9Akbar

,Sul tan,

2 8,2 9 , 33, 35, 36, 38

64. 74Akbar I I . , Abul -Nasr Mu‘in-ud-din

Muhammad , 2 56 , 2 90 , 335Prince

,son Of

‘Alamgi r, 1 2 2 , 1 24,‘A li Khan Of Narhat , 248Khan Of Kahl i l , 334, 339 34 1 , 353

A kbel tribe, 424Ak luj , 1 32Aknot , battle, 35 1Akram Khan, Afghan, 352A k t

'

1 lamannad d istrict , 2 0 9A laf Khan of Morasa, 3A lahwardi or A l lahwirdi Khan, 1 67

I 7S, I 79- 1 82 , 1 84,

2 00 , 2 04‘A la S ingh Of Patiala, 2 23‘A la-ud-daula, Sarfaraz Khan, 1 78‘A la-ud-din I I . , Bahmani , 1 7, 1 8, 2 0Husain of Bengal , 3, 4, 1 6‘Imad Shahi , 7, 2 0 , 2 2

I slam Khan Of Bengal , 66Khalj i , 5Muzaffar Firuz Shah of Bengal , 24

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434 I N DEX .

Am iens , Treaty of, 280Am in-ul lah Khan, 34 1

Am i r Bari d I . , Of Bi dar, 7 , 1 1 , 1 6 - 1 9 ,2 1

Khan ofTonk , 2 86 -2 90 , 2 95, 304,

Khan,Wahhabi , 387

Khan, Umdat-ul-Mul k , 1 86

R ustam of S indh, 342

S ingh of Tanjor, 2 58Am ir-ul -Mul k , Ch itral , 430Am jad ‘A l i Shah Of A udh , 349Ammona, 2 0 5Amod. 237. 244Amora, 372

Amra, 380Amritrav Of Poona, 2 0 5, 243, 2 73Amritsar. 46 . 2 74. 2 92 . 2 93. 354. 357.

387Am sterdam m erchants , 97Amyatt, Mr, 2 1 9A nandrav Puar Of Dhar , 1 90 , 244, 380

of Rajmandri , 2 0 7-2 0 9G aikwad. 2 78. 30 7. 3 1 3of I dar, 1 73

A nand -Mogri , batt le, 1 74Anantapur, 2 52A ndaman i sland s , 2 7 1 , 387, 388, 424A ndrade, Christovao Luiz de, 1 65

Raphael Jacom e Lopes de, 42 7R uy Friere de, 70

Anderson, Lieut . , 350 , 353Dr John, 39 2

Andrews , Matthew , 1 0 8

Robert , 269Anegundi , 2 39 , 2 76

Angad , 2nd S ikh Guru, 2 7, 33Angad ipuram , 353A ngediva i sland . S ee Anj idi vaAngelo, Lieut . , 40 3Anglo -Spanish treaty , 85A ngria, 1 60 - 1 63, 1 70

- 1 73A ngfil , raja of, 350

A nhilawada inscript ion, 57Ani lou batt le, 2 93A niruddha, author, 3Anjar, 2 8 1 , 3 1 6Anjengo, 1 2 8, 1 36, 1 40 ,

1 46 , 1 63, 1 93A nj idi va, Angedi va island , 8, 1 0 8, 1 1 0 ,

A njuncha, batt le, 2 93Ank leshwar, Ank lesar, 1 53, 237, 244A nnagudi , 249Anna Sawant, 383Anne, Queen , 1 47Annesley , Daniel , 1 36 , 1 4 1

Samuel , 1 38, 1 40 , 1 52

A nnunciacao , A rchbp . Fra August inbo da, 1 33, 1 44

A nriques, Francisco da M iranda, 74, 75Anson

,General George, 358, 362

A nstruther , S irAlexander, 2 98Antaj i Bhaskar , Maratha, 1 66

Anup S ingh of B ikhanir, 1 1 8, 1 52 ,1 6

Anupshah3r,2 1 2

A nurad S ingh of Bt'

tndi , 1 2 5, 1 38

Anwar -ud-din , Nawab 1 84, 1 85, 1 89 ,

Apa sah ib or MudOj I of Berar, 304,

A ppa Desai N ipankar, 2 85, 2 9 1Khanderav , 2 66 , 2 68, 2 72

Appanna Timma I I . Udayar, 33, 45A ré . 365. 37o

A rabs, 97, 1 2 2 , 2 80 , 2 8 1 , 3 1 0

-

3 1 3Arabi Pasha, 40 7Arakan,

62 64, 67, 72 , 1 0 5,2 98,

32 2

Arakan orMyauku, 32 0A rakere, 2 63Aras, 1 65, 2 37Aravaltfirchi , 2 53Arbuthnot , AlexanderJohn, 388

General S irChas . C. , 4 1 4, 4 1 6

Argaon, batt le, 2 84Arghandab, 404A rght

'

m , Shah Beg, 35A rgyl l , Duke of, 387A riyankuppam fort , 1 87, 1 89 , 2 1 4Arjumand Banfi Begam , 76 , 85, 95Arjun-ma] , 5th S ikh Guru, 50 , 65Arjun S ingof Kota, 1 65Arkat

,1 26 , 1 82 , 1 84, 1 86 , 1 90 , 1 92 ,2 04, 2 0 8, 2 1 0

-2 1 3, 2 20 , 2 28, 2 2 9 ,

Armenia, 6 1 Armenians , 1 3 1A rmugam , 8 1 , 83, 86 , 9 1 , 9 2 , 1 2 2

A rnala, 246A rsi , RanaOf Udaypur, 2 1 8, 2 32Arthur , S irGeorge , 34 1 , 348Asad Khan, Bijapi

'

i r, 2 5, 2 9Khan Karam -malu, 1 57‘Asaf Jah . S ec N izam -ul -MulkKhan, M irzaJa‘far, 66, 76 , 82 , 83,85‘A saf—ud-daula

,1 54 ; 2 36

-2 38, 245,

Asai , battle, 2 84A sam

, 4, 9 , 1 0 3, 1 0 7, 1 0 8, 1 1 2 , 1 2 1 ,

Ascension,

” sh ip , 67A shburner, Lionel R .

, 403A sheri , 36 , 1 78

Ashraf,Gh i l zai of Pers ia, 1 66 , 1 69

A shta, 87, 3 1 0

I N DEX .

Asirgarh fort , 5, 1 3, 6 1 , 80 , 284, 30 7,

Askabad , 40 9Askari , M irza, 2 9Aslam , 387Assada merchants, 98A ssarceta ch iefs, 1 59Assassins, 377Ass iz , Francrsco de, Marquez deTavora

1 9 1

Assumar, Conde de, 1 2 1 , 1 9 1Astruc, M .

, 1 80 , 1 94, 1 95Ataide, Gabriel de, 3 1Luiz de. 43 45. 48Tristao de, 24

Atak ,—Attock , 1 77, 352A targarh, 4 1 7Atari , 353‘A ta-ul lah-Khan, 1 85Atire, 42Atk inson, Capt . , 42 7Atraul i , 370Attingal , Rani , 1 28, 1 37, 1 40 , 1 63A uchmuty, S ir Samuel , 2 96 , 2 97Auck land , George Eden Lord , 333

Audh , 50 , 62 , 1 84, 2 0 9 , 2 1 9 , 2 2 1 , 2 2 2 ,2 24, 2 30 7 23 1 ) 24 1 , 2 58,

399A undha fort , 1 1 5, 1 1 9

1 0 3, 1 0 6 , 1 1 8,

2 1 8, 2 2 0 , 357, 358

A urangz ib , Alamgir, 76 , 77, 8 1 , 83,85 1 0 1 , 1 0 3

- 1 0 6 , 1 0 8, 1 0 9 ,1 1 1 - 1 1 5, 1 1 7- 1 25, 1 2 7

-1 34, 1 36

1 38, 1 42- 1 46, 1 48

- 1 50 , 1 60 , 2 1 2

Auteui l M . d’, 1 92 , 1 94, 2 0 3A va, 1 63, 1 96 , 1 99 , 2 24, 2 6 1 , 2 8 1 , 2 98,

A very , Capt. , 1 37A wantgarh

—Ontgir, 9A yakota, 260

Ayappa Nayyak , Chengal pat , 9 1Ayub Khan, 404

-

40 6 , 4 1 7, 4 1 8

Ayudhya—Ayuth ia, Yuthia, 3 1 , 2 1 3,

Ayyakarai Vayyappa Nayyaka, 2 2‘Azam , Prince, satara, 1 2 7, 1 2 9 , 1 30 ,1 40 . 1 43, 1 45

Shah , 1 49Khan of Bengal , 50

A z ev ido, H ierome de, 68, 70 , 74‘Az im Khan, Bengal , 84, 86 , 88, 92 ,93

Khan, Kabul , 383-385fiXfl nJ Jéh. 3 1 3. 357. 390

4435

A BUR , emperor, 3, 4, 7- 1 1 , 1 31 7 ; 1 9 2 2 . 4 I

BabaKhan Qaq shal , 49Baba-VVali orMazra, batt le, 40 5Babaj i A hirkar, 345Babarav Phadke , 2 7 1

Babar Jang of Bengal , 2 67Babi fam i ly , 1 65Babu Mi ya of Janj ira, 2 55Babule, Ceylon , 73Badakhshan, 1 7, 35, 52 , 94

-

96

Badam i , 2 57, 2 58Badan S ingh , Jat, 1 54, 1 62Badayan fort

, 369Badhanar, 1 24Badlapur, 369Badl i Sarai , batt le , 362Badoahpraof Burma, 2 93Badshaha, Khatri , 2 7Badshahganj , batt le, 369Badun MengOf Burma

, 2 50Bagar, 2 2Baghdad , 36 1Baglana, 9 1

Bagli pur, 2 04Bagrakot, 37Bahadur, G i lan i , 3

Chattra S ingh of Sam lar, 380Gujarat , 57Kam b t

’

t, 85Khan, 38, 42

Khan, Khan Jahan, 1 0 5, 1 1 2 , 1 1 5Khan Barel i , 375Khanj i of Junagarh , 40 7N izam Shah , 58, 6 1Khan Farftqi , 6 1Sal im Shah Sar, 30Shah of Bengal , 36 , 38Shah I . , Shah‘A lam , 1 43, 1 49 - 1 53,

1 57 , 1 59 , 1 60 ; see MuhammadMu‘az zam

Shah I I . , 335, 366 , 368Shah of Gujarat , 1 8, 2 0 -2 5

Baha-ud-din, Shaikh , 1 9Bahawal S ingh Of Bahawal pur, 330 ,

356

‘Az im -ud-daula, 2 79 , 3 1 3‘Az im -ul lah Khan, 363Az imabad , 2 28A z imgarh, 370 , 428‘Az im -ush-Shan, prince , 1 39 , 1 40 , 1 42 ,

1 48, 1 53, 1 54‘Az i z (M irza) Kokal tash, 46 , 52 , 54

‘A zmatul la Khan, Afghan, 40 2Azores, 2 8, 53, 55

436 I N D E X .

Bahawal pur, 329 , 330 , 336 , 342 , 350 ,

356 , 357, 38 I

Bah1r0 pant P ingle , Peshwa, 1 55Bah lul Lodi , Sul tan,

1, 1 9

Bahlfl l, Bijapfir, 1 1 7

Bahmani k ings , 1 9Bahram Khan

,Mohmand , 389

Bahrain , Ghat , 373, 374Bahrampur, 324, 36 1Bahrein, 38, 5 1

Bahfir, 1 94Bai ley

, S ir Steuart C. , 399 , 40 8

Bai l l ie, Col . John, 2 86 , 2 9 1 , 30 1

Col . Wi l l iam , 245, 248

Bairam Khan , 34-

36 , 38, 39Baird

, G en. S irDav id , 2 75, 2 78Bairi Sal of Jaisalm ir, 38 1Baizabai S india, 32 2 , 32 9 , 330Rajaur, 379Baj irav I . , 2nd Peshwa, 1 62 , 1 63, 1 65,

1 67- 1 69 , 1 7 1 , 1 72 , 1 74- 1 76 , 1 78,I 79 ; 2 63

I I ., 9 th Peshwa, 243, 2 70 ,

2 71 , 2 73,2 8 1

,2 82 , 2 87, 2 97, 304, 30 6 ,

30 9 , 3 1 0 , 356

Zam indar, rebel , 357Bak pass , batt le 33 1Bakala, Panjab , 1 1 0Baker , Aaron, 99 , 1 0 0

G en. S irThos . D . , 40 0 , 40 2

Bakhar, 336Bakht S ingh of j odhpur, 1 90 , 1 96

of Jhalavar, 394Gurkha, 30 3

Bakhtawar S ingh , Al war, 30 3Bak la, 67Baksar, 2 7, 2 2 1 , 365Bala sah ib , Parasharam Bhonsla, 304Bala H isar , Kabul , 400 -

40 2

Bala-Murghab , 4 1 0Baladhan tea-

garden, 40 2Balaghat , 83Balaj i Bajirav , 3rd Peshwa, 1 79

- 1 8 1 ,

2 1 2 , 2 1 4, 2 1 7V ishvanath, 1 st Peshwa, 1 50 , 1 55,

Balakot , batt le, 32 2 ; 32 7Balam , 1 47, 2 50

Balapur, batt le, 1 6 1Balarav (Nana Sah ib’s brother), 373,

374Balasor, 87, 9 2 , 93, 98, 1 04, 1 0 9 , 1 1 9 ,

1 26, 1 30 , 1 3 1 , 1 46, 2 83, 2 84, 340

Balbhadra S ingh , 30 2Bal dev S ingh of Bharatpur, 3 1 7Bal ikot, 53Bal ipara, 409Bal kh , 32 , 94-

96 , 360 , 383, 384, 40 2

Bal l, Col . George, 2 96

Baloba Tatya, 2 7 1Balozai Waz iri s, 40 6

Balram Deva, Sam bal pur , 3Bal rampur, 334Balsar, 2 2 , 38

Baluchi s , Baluch istan, 338, 343, 346 ,

4 1 7, 42 5, 429Balwantrav ,

2 0 2 , 2 1 5Balwant S ingh of Banaras , 234

S ingh ofA lwar, 30 3, 32 2

S ingh of Bharatpur, 32 0Bam iyan, 3 1 , 4 1 9Bamjar, 42 9Banaras—Benares 86 , 1 1 3, 2 2 1 , 2 36 ,

42 1

Banas river, 2 86Banb ir of Mal wa, 2 5, 2 6Banda islands , 8, 1 8, 73, 76 , 1 0 6 , 2 70 ,

2 97Banda state , 2 63, 2 7 1Banda, S ikh leader, 1 53, 1 57Bandala, 2 6Bandarmalanka

, 1 93, 2 03Bande‘A li Khan, 3 1 7Bandra, 2 1 , 1 1 9 , 1 76Banestarim , 1 2

Bangalor orBengal t'

tr, 9 1 , 94, 2 24, 2 2 5,230 , 2 63, 329

Bangash , batt le, 54Banguel fort , 74Bani S ingh , 30 3, 32 2Baniyas , m erchants, 1 2 0Bankar, 1 85Bankapur, 1 65, 1 68, 1 73Bankot , 1 99 , 2 0 1 , 243Bannu, 40 6Banswara, 30 0 , 3 1 1Bantam , 62 , 63, 66 > 67, 73a 75) 76 , 78 :

83, 84, 9 2 , 1 0 0,1 0 3, 1 0 9 , 1 1 3,

1 25- 1 2 7, 1 43Bapu Gokhale, 3 1 0

Phadnavis, 2 68

Bapuji S ind ia, 2 73, 2 77, 2 86, 2 88, 2 89Nayyak Baramatikar, 1 79

Baq ir‘A li , Vel lor, 1 72

Baq ir Khan, Gujarat , 84, 86Khan, Orissa, 1 80

Bar, 1 7, 89Barak riv. , 330

Baramahal , 1 47, 2 62 , 2 65Bara wafat riot , 430Barbosa

,Duarte, 1 3

Barcelor,—Basrt' 1r, 44, 1 1 5Bardes, 30 , 3 1 , 1 0 0 , 1 0 1 , 1 78, 1 8 1Bardhwan, 65, 79 , 1 37, 1 38, 1 84, 2 1 4,

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438 I N DEX .

Bhaiji Bawa, Kachh , 2 8 1Bhairav Pant P ingle , 1 50Bhaironwal , batt le, 65Bhakkar

, 1 7, 1 8, 35, 1 0 4, 1 0 5Bhamo, 384. 392 . 4 1 1 , 4 1 3. 420

Bhamori , 2 96Bhanpur, 369 , 37 1Bharatgarh , 300Bharatpur, 2 1 7, 2 1 9 , 2 2 9 , 2 34 , 2 50 ,

Bharmal of Kachh , 3 1 2Bharoch. 44-

46 . 5 1 . 7 1 , 75. 1 1 9 . 1 28,1 34, 1 46 , 2 30 ,

2 32 , 2 38, 242 ,

Bharpar S ingh , 379Bhaskar Pant , 1 80 , 1 8 1 , 1 84Bhaskar-rav of Nargund , 37 1Bhatkal , 2 9 , 3 1 , 1 2 2Bhau Holkar, 344

S ingh of Bfmdi , 1 2 5Bhawal Khan, 372

Bhawani fort,2 95, 2 96

Bhawani bai of Ko l hapur, 1 69Bhi lapur batt le, 1 7 1Bhi l s

, 32 1 , 328, 40 8

Bh i l sa, 2 3Bhimariv . ,

1 37Bhim Karan , 1 6

S ingh of Bfmdi , 1 25S ingh of Udaypur, 24 1 , 32 3S ingh of Kota, 1 50 324S ingh of Jodhpur, 2 67, 2 84S ingh Thapa, 337. 343

Bhimavéna Thapa, 30 5Bhimnagar, 292 , 2 94Bhimraja, 1 2 , 1 3Bhimrav Nadgir, 37 1 , 372

Bhoj pur , batt le, 24Bhopal , 1 76 , 2 95, 30 1 , 3 1 0 , 323, 329 ,

333-

335, 346 , 368, 373Bhotwal

,2 75, 2 98, 30 1 , 30 2

Bhudargadh fort , 345Bhuj , 3 1 2Bhungbara, 342

Bhutan,Bht

’

i ti as, 2 32-2 35, 2 46 , 2 54,

339. 379 . 380

B icho l im ,1 48, 1 49 , 1 86 , 2 0 5, 248, 2 59

Bie, Col . , Serampur, 2 76B i dar, 1 8, 2 1

, 7 1 , 89 , 1 2 9 , 2 1 7, 2 1 8,2 99 ) 2 7 I

B iddul ph , General S ir M ichae l A . S . ,

398

B ihfl l’ , 2 57 30 , 40 , 42 , 543 62 ,

64-66

. 78. 9 2 . 1 39 , 1 45, 1 73.1 79 , 1 80 ,

1 88, 1 89 , 2 1 2 , 2 1 3,

2483 326: 390B ihari Mal of I dar, 1 3, 1 4

Lal , poet , 6B i jamata, Jaina sect , I 3

Bi japur , 2 , 6 , 1 1 , 1 3, 1 6 , 1 8, 23-25,

2 7-2 9 . 3 1 . 36. 37. 39 . 44. 49 .

5 1 . 55. 56. 58. 59. 7 1 . 72 . 74.84, 88

-

90 , 94, 96-

98, 1 0 2 - 1 0 6 ,1 1 0 - 1 1 3, 1 2 1

,1 23, 1 2 7

B ijay Bahadur , 337S ingh , 1 62 , 1 95, 2 34

Bijaigarh, 248, 2 77, 2 82

B ijnaur, 370B i ka Bhikaji , 2 , 7Bi kanir. 2 . 7. 2 0 . 44. 45. 1 1 8. 2 59 . 333Bik ramaj it of Mewar, 2 1

Bundela, 87Mahendra, 30 0

Bi lgram ,1 42

B i luchpur, batt le, 80B intang island , 1 5- 1 7Bir

,84

Bir S en, 2 2 5S ingh , Bundela, 1 1 4

Birahigangariv . , 430

Bi rbal , Raja, “ Kah-rai , 52

Birwadi fort , 1 74Bi saof Kuch B ihar, 2 6B i shan S ingh , of Jaypur, 1 42

S ingh of Bfmdi , 2 87, 30 9 , 3 1 5B i shnath S ingh , 30 0 , 30 1bi shops

, 30 1

B ishop’s Co l lege, 3 1 5Bi thaul i

, 374B ithar, Cawnpur , 3 1 1 , 356 , 363-

365Biyas riv . , 2 89 , 348

Black Mountain, 4 1 9 , 42 2 , 423, 426Blackman, Capt . Jeremy , 98, 99 , 1 0 1Blackney, Capt . , 30 2Blackwal l , D r

,1 37

Blair, Col . S ir Robert, 2 8 1 , 282Blake, MrM . , 333Bobbi l i fort , 2 0 2Boddam ,

Hon. Rawson Hart , 244, 2 54,2 59

Bodh , 350Bodh -Gaya, 2 93Bodoahpraof Burma, 2 50 , 2 56 , 2 8 1 , 3 1 2

Bogle , George, 2 35Boi leau,

M . Barthelemy , 1 98B0 Kayi Tha,

dakai t, 42 1 ; B0 La,

424 ; B0 Shwe , 4 1 4-

4 1 6 ; B0

Yanyun, 42 2

Bokhara, 337Boles , Major Thos . , 2 94Bombay , 2 3, 82 , 89 , 1 0 7- 1 1 4, 1 1 8

- 1 25,1 2 74 3 1 3 1 33, 354 37, 1 39 9 1 43»1 44. 1 46. 1 47. 1 49 . 1 56 . 1 59 .1 6 1 , I 79 , 1 82 ,

2 72 , 2 77' Z S I ’ 292 , 2 99 , 304: 3 1 2

I N DEX .

Bombay (continued)3 1 7

342-

344, 347, 354 ) 355, 357, 359 ,

40 3, 40 4, 40 74 0 9 . 4 1 4, 42 1 , 42 7“

42 9Bombay -Burma trad ing company , 4 1 1

4 1 3Bonner, Robert , 77Boone, Charles , 1 57 , 1 59 , 1 6 1

Christopher, 1 44Bore] , Peter, 94Bar Ghat , 2 4 1 , 246 , 32 7Borneo, 1 46 , 2 67Boscawen,

Adm iral Edward , 1 89 , 1 90Boschauwer, Marcel l is de, 75, 77Botel ho , Lui s, 1 73, 1 76Botel lo , Capt . , 84Boucher , Mr, 1 1 6

Boughton,Dr, 92 , 98, and erratum p . v i

Boulnois, Lieut . , 355Bourbon,

—Réunion,island , 1 74, 2 97

Bourchier, Charles, 2 2 5, 2 28General S irGeorge, 387R ichard

,1 9 1

Bourdonnai s, Bertrand Fr. Mahé D e

1a, 1 66 , 1 74, 1 8 1

Bourke, Rt . Hon. S ir Robt . LordConnemara, 4 1 5

Bourquien,Major Loui s, 2 80

Bousset, Mons , 1 96

Bouval ier, M0 ns. , 1 65Bowcher, Mr, 1 26

Bowman, M r , 32 5Braddyth, Mr

,1 77

Braganza, Constant ino de, 37, 39Duke of, 93Catherina de , 1 0 7

Bramahin,k . of S iam , 43

Brahmapuri , 1 35Brahmaputrariv . , 394Brahmo Somaj , 324Brandas , Fr . Antonio , 1 23Brathwaite, Col . S irJohn , 242 , 249 , 2 67Breda, treaty , 1 1 2Bren ier, Mons. , 1 95, 1 96

Brereton,Major

,2 0 8, 20 9 , 2 1 1 , 2 1 2

Breton, Francis , 95-

98

Bridgeman, M r, 99Briggs , Col . John , 326

Brigh t, General S ir Robert O . , 40 1

Brijnath Ram , 345Bringa, 2 0 8Bristol , Mr, 2 0 7Bri stow , John, 249 , 2 54Brit ish Government

,2 2 5, 2 28

-2 30 , 2 34,2 88, 345, 350 , 352 , 354,

4 1 2

£132)

Brit ish Ind ia Steam Nav igat ion Co . ,

39 I

Brito , Antonio de, 1 33Francisco de, B ishop , 82Jorge de, 1 4, 1 7e Me l lo, Luis de, 75Ph i l ipe de. or

‘N icote, ’ 62 , 64, 6870

Broad foot , Major George, 340 , 345, 347Broeck , Van den, 73Brooke, M r, 1 99Brown, Col . , 2 75, 2 96

George, 2 97Murdoch

,2 38

Browne, General , 30 9Col . H . , 392

General S irJames, 42 5General S ir Samuel , 397-399

Brownlow,General S ir Charles, 387

Brownrigg, Capt . , 2 79S ir Robert , 30 2

Bruce, Capt . , 246Bruton,

W i l l iam , 87Brydon, Dr W i l l iam , 340

Buchanan , R ev . D r Claud ius , 2 90Buck ingham , Duke of, 80

and Chandos,Duke of, 393, 396

Buck ingham , James S i l k , 3 1 7budgets. 384. 385. 388. 389 . 39 1 . 396

Budhan, of Katain, fanat ic, 4Bugti Baluchi s , 346Buhu Begam ofAudh , 2 36 , 237Buland Akhtar, prince, 1 67Bulandkhel , 42 7Bulandshah r, 366Bundel khand , 1 87, 248, 2 63, 283, 2 84,

2 86 , 2 9 1 , 2 98, 30 6 , 3 1 0 , 32 2 , 32 3Bt

'

indi , 2 3, 8 1 , 85, 288, 2 89 , 3 1 5, 374E imer. 32 7. 379B t

'

ira Raja of Nangong, 3 1 9BurengNaung, Branginoco ,

’of Burma,

3 1 9 40 3 4 1 a 50

Burhan , usurper, 34Burhan‘Imad Shah , 43

N izam Shah I , 9 , 1 1,1 8

,2 0

,2 3,

2 9. 33N izam Shah I I , 55, 56 , 58Burhan-ul -Mul k , 2 7, 2 8 ; 1 72 , 1 77

Burhanpur, 39 , 56 , 6 1 , 64, 75, 80 , 8 1 ,85, 1 1 2 , 1 25, 1 45, 1 52 , 1 56,1 6 1 , 1 79 , 235, 242 , 280 , 2 82 -2 84,2 86

Burke, Edmund , 2 54Burl ton, Lieut . Ph i l ip Bowles, 325Burma

,23, 43, SO,

64, 68, 97, 1 38, 1 52 ,I 73. I 79 , 2 2 5. 2 2 7, 2 50 , 2 74,

4 1 4, 4 1 6 , 420 , 42 2 -42 5, 430

440 I N DEX .

Burmese, 2 9 1 , 2 98, 3 1 5-

320 , 355-358,384. 4 1 1 . 4 1 5. 42 1

Burn,Lieut. -Col . , 2 87

Burnes , S ir A lexander , 32 7, 334-

336 ,

Burney , Col . H enry , 32 1 , 32 6Burni ston

,M r

,1 46, 1 47

Burr, General , 30 6-30 8Burrows , General J . , 40 4Burton, Major, 366Bfirt

’

m chera tea estate, 42 6Busbusia fort , 2 0 1Bushahr-u ‘A bushahr, 360 , 36 1

Bussy , Charles Joseph Patiss ier, 1 9 1

1 95, 1 98, 2 0 0 , 2 0 2 , 2 04, 2 0 6,

2 0 8, 2 0 9 , 2 1 1 , 2 1 2 , 2 53, 2 55Butale, 74But ler, Capt . , 392Byfield, M r, 2 0 1

ABOT, John, 3Cabral , Francisco Ant. Vego de,

2 68

Cabral A nt. da Vaiga, 2 90

Pedro Al varez , 5Cai l laud, Lieut . -Col . John, 1 97, 20 2

2 04, 2 0 8, 2 1 3, 2 1 4, 2 1 6 , 2 24Calcutta, 1 29 , 1 32 , 1 38, 1 40 , 1 42 , 1 50 ,

1 57, 1 58, 1 65, 1 67, 1 76 , 1 82,

1 89 , 1 9 1 , 2 0 1-2 0 3, 2 0 6 , 2 0 7, 2 1 0 ,

2 2 2 , 2 2 3, 2 28, 230 , 2 36 ,

2 90 , 3 1 1 , 3231 324) 332 3-355.

3573 3589 360 9 365, 367, 377'

38 I a

4 1 0 , 4 1 7, 42 1 . 42 2 , 429. 430

Cal icut,—Kol ikotta, 4

-6, 1 0 , 1 9 , 36 , 40 ,

44. 45. 57. 73. 1 38. I 39. 1 46.

Cal l , John, 2 1 5Camara, Cout inho Antonio Luiz G on

cal ves da, 1 40

Goncal ves de, 52Jose Pedro de, 235Manaet de

,

Cambol in, 44Cambridge , H . R .H . Duke of

, 382

Camoens , Luiz de, 33, 44Campbel l , G en. S ir A rch ibal d , 2 57,

2 60 , 3 1 8, 32 0 , 32 1

Capt . S ir Col in,2 84, 338

General S irCol in, Lord Clyde 353,-

37r. 373S i rGeorge, 387, 39 1Lieut . -Col . John,

2 54Major -General S irJohn, 350

Cam pbel l , D r, 353

Cannanore , see Kannant'

ir

Canning, Paul , 70Capt . , 2 85, 2 98, 2 99Charles John,

Earl , 360 , 373, 374,

Lady. 376. 377Capocate, 50

Cardim , A ntonio ,1 76 , 1 77

Carey , R ev . Dr Wm .

,2 68

,2 76 ; and

R ev . Dr Joshua Marshman, 3 1 6

Carmel ites , 1 0 2 , 1 1 6 , 1 40 ,1 6 1

Carnac, Major John , 2 1 6 , 2 1 7, 2 20 ,

2 2 1,24 1 , 242 , 2 79

Caron Francois, 1 1 2 , 1 1 3, 1 1 8

Carr, Thomas , bi shop , 334Cartier, John, 2 28, 2 30Cart ley , Major , 338cartridge scare, 360Cartwright , Mr, 87Carvalho, Augusto Cesar, Cordoso de,

G i l Fernandez de, 33Cast i l la

,Juan de Nueva, 6

Castro, Antonio de Me l lo e, 1 0 8, 1 1 3Braz de, 1 00 ,

1 0 1

Caetano de Mel lo e, 1 47, 1 52

Franci so de Mel lo e , 98, 1 0 1 , 1 0 3Joao de

, 30 , 3 1

Jorge de, 46Manoel de Portugal e, 32 3Mart in A ffonsa de, 64

Catchpoole, Al len, 1 45, 1 48Caulfield, Capt . , 30 5Cavagnari , General S ir Louis , 398-40 1Caval los, i sland , 97Cawnpur—Kanhpur, 2 70 ,

326 362 369 . 37 1 . 374. 398

census of Ind ia, 425Ceylon , 1 5> 2 6 9 32 a 35) 40 , 4 1 , 53, 549

56. 59. 73-75. 77. 86. 939 5.

1 0 0 , 1 0 1 , 1 0 6, 248, 269-2 7 1 , 2 74,

Chagatai , G urgani , dynasty , 20Chai la, mount , 4 1 9Chai t S ingh , 234, 2 36 , 2 54Chaitanya, reformer, 2 1Chakan, 1 0 6

Chal iyam orJ al iat fort , 45, 46Chalmers , Maj . -General S ir John M . ,

Chama, Raja rb eral , 2

Raja Udayar Bola, 45, 1 0 6Raja 74, 90

Raja I I I . , 1 7 1

Rajendra, 38 1 , 384Rajendra I I . , Udayar, 40 6

Chambad ist 32

Chamba fort,1 70

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442

Christ ians, 2 0 , 2 90 , 389 , 425Chumbi , 4 1 9Chunar, 2 3, 2 5, 2 6

, 34, 36, 37, 1 84,

ChuraChand of Manipur, 424Churamani , Jat , 1 54, 1 62

Church i l l , Lord Rando lph , 4 1 2 , 4 1 4Chusan

,1 45

Clarchy, R icardo Carlos, 375Clare, John Fitzgibbon,

Earl of, 32 7Clarendon, Lord , 1 2 7Clarke, S irA lured, 2 73

Major, 30 5

General S ir Chas . Mansfiel d , 42 7Col . S irWi l l iam , 2 80

Clavering, Col . John,2 33, 2 36 , 2 39 ,

Clement VI I I . , Brief of, 60Clerk , S ir George Russel l , 340 , 349 ,

350 , 376 , 377Cl i ve, Lord Robert , 1 67, 1 92 , 1 94, 1 99

2 0 5, 2 0 7, 2 0 9- 2 1 2 , 2 1 4, 2 1 6 , 2 2 1 ,

2 2 2,2 2 5, 2 36

second Lord , 2 74, 2 79fund

,2 25

Close, Col . S irBarry , 2 79 , 2 8 1 , 2 82 , 2 95Clow , R ev . Jam es , 3 1 2Cobb e, R ev . D r R ichard , 1 56 , 1 59Cochin~ Kochin,

Kochhi , 5-8, 1 0 ,

1 2 ,

I 9 . 2 0 . 32 . 38. 52 . 53. 6 1 . 7 1 .88

,1 0 7, 1 0 8, 1 1 2

,1 40 ,

1 45,1 69 , 1 82 , 2 39 , 2 60

,2 70 ,

2 90 ,

30 2 , 337 ) 3577 379Coch in-Ch ina, 1 46 , 3 1 6

Cockburn, Col . S irW i l l iam , 242

Cochrane, Lieut . , 2 1 3Coen , Capt . , 77Cogan, Andrew , 92 , 94, 95Coimbatur 2 53, 2 62 , 2 64Colbert , Jean Baptiste, 1 1 0

Cole, Commander S ir Christopher, 2 97Col let , General S ir Henry

, 4 1 9James , 1 6 1

Joseph , 1 58, 1 6 1Co l l ins

, Col . John,2 72 , 2 82 , 2 83

Colombo,1 7, 2 6, 4 1 , 53, 54, 68, 84,

Col t , Stephen ,1 4 1 , 1 44

Col v in, S ir A uck land , 40 9 , 4 1 8

John Russe l l , 357, 358, 365Combermere, S tapleton Cotton, Lord ,

32 1

Commutat ion A ct, 2 55Comorin—Kumari , Cape , 1 47Com panie des Indes ,

”1 1 0

Company of Commerce ,”84, 1 39

Confians, Marqui s ( le, 2 0 8, 2 0 9Conj ivaram ,

1 3 1 , 1 97, 2 0 8, 2 0 9 , 2 1 1,

I NDEX .

Connaught , H . R .H . Duke of, 420-

42 2

Cono l ly,Capt . A rthur, 34 1

Henry Valentine, 359Convent ion , Bombay , 1 1 8Conway , Capt . , 2 75Cook , Mr, 1 32

S irT. , 1 38

Cooke, Humphrey , 1 1 0 , 1 1 1 , 1 1 3Cooper, S ir George , 3 1 2

Cooper’s H i l l EngineeringCol lege , 387Coorg, Kurg (Kudag), 2 65Coote, S ir Eyre, 2 04,

2 1 2 -2 1 7, 243,

Cope, Capt . , 1 92 , 1 93Corfield, Col . , 37 1

Corne l is , Java, 2 97Cornwal l is, Charles Marqui s , 2 57, 2 58,

2 6 1 -2 67, 2 70 , 2 7 1 , 2 88

Correa, Andrea, 1 6Cortlandt, Col . , 350

Cossaks—Kosaks , 426Costa, Andrea Botelho da, 75Luiz da, 1 66Rodrique da, 1 2 9 , 1 33, 1 52 , 1 54

Cotiote—Kottayam , 2 1 0

Copenhagen , 70 ,1 68

Cotta,Luis Goncal ves , 1 33

Cotton,B ishop Edward L. , 320 , 336 ,

338

S irW i l loughby , 336Couper, S ir George , 396 , 399Courten, S irWi l l iam , 88 9 1 , 96

courts , 1 67, 1 68, 2 33, 247, 2 66 , 2 67,

Court-marshal , 73Cout inho ,

Antonio de Sousa, 98, 1 0 1 ,

1 0 3Fernando , 1 0Franci sco de, 39 -4 1

D om Franci sco, 84H ierome

, 53D om Joao de , 74, 77Luiz , 57Manoe l de Sousa, 54, 55M iguel Rodriques , 36D om Vasco Luiz , 1 44

Couta, Joach im José Macedo e , 388

Covrepak , 2 1 0 ,2 1 2

Cowan , Hon. Robert , 1 68, 1 74Mr, 388

Cox,Capt . H iram ,

2 7 1

Cox, General C harles Vyvyan, 372

Cradock , S ir John,2 93

Cranbrook , Cathorne Hardy , Earl of,o

Crangaii oi or Krangani'

i r, see Kodungal l t

'

ir.

Crape, Capt . R oelant, 75, 77Crawford , John, 3 1 6, 32 2

I N DEX .

cremation, 379crim inal procedure B i l l , 40 8, 40 9Cromwel l , O l iver , 1 0 1 , 1 0 3, 1 04Cross , S ir R ichard A ssheton, 4 1 5Crosthwaite, S ir Chas. H . Todd , 4 1 6 ,

42 1 , 42 2 , 428

Crown of Ind ia,Imperial Order of

,

Crusade—B i l l of, 57

Cruttenden,Mr, 1 77

Lieut . , 354Cubbon, S irMark , 343Cuddalore, see Ki

'

idal t'

ir.

Cunha, Francisco Mar ia da, 42 2 , 424Joao Nuno da, 1 1 1Nunez da, 2 2 , 2 3, 2 5-2 7Nuno da

,1 1 3

Sampayo e , 70

Cunningham , S irJas. , 74Capt .

, 304Cuppage , Col . , 2 94Cureton, General Chas . Robert , 35 1

Cyprus , 397

A BHO I , 244Dabhol , 1 0 , 1 8, 36 , 48, 1 0 6 , 1 74

Dabo, batt le, 343D e Caen, General , 2 97D

’

A ché, Comte, 2 0 7, 2 1 0Dacre , Lieut . , 30 6D a Cunha, 65, see CunhaDacres , Mr , 1 1 6

DadaKhasj i , Gwal iar, 342D adaj i Raghunath Deshpande, 1 2 5Dadar, 336D

’

A endels, Marshal , 2 96Dahanu, 1 78

D aisal I I . , Rav of Kachh , 3 1 2 , 331 ,

376

Daj i Kri shna Pand i t , 336 , 345dakafl s

. 398. 399 . 4 1 4Dakor, 1 7 1Dalai Lama, 4 1 8Dale , S irThomas , 76Dalel S ingh , Raj put , 2 2 6Dal housie, Earl of, 350 , 354

-

356 , 358,

360

Dal ston, Col . , 2 83Dal ton, Capt . John, 1 93, 1 94, 1 96

Damaj i G aikwad I . , 1 60 ; Damaj i1 72 - 1 77, 2 1 6 , 2 2 6 ;2 67

D amalcheru pass , 1 79Daman, 459 50 ) 72 ) 75 )

1 1 4, 1 59 , 1 62,1 76 , 1 77, 1 80

,

443

Damant , G . Henry , 40 0D ambak , 429Dam bal , 37 1Damdam , 324Damoh , 366D ampor, 34Dance, Co l . , 4 1 6Danda-Raj puri , 1 1 9 , 2 1 8, 2 55IDanesDaniel l , Major, 399 , 42 7Dani sh East Ind ia Company , 70 , 1 1 5,

1 68

D ankhal S ingh , Marwar, 1 65Danubyu, 3 1 9 , 320 , 357Danyal , of Bengal , 4

Prince, 6 1 , 64, 83Dapla tribes, 392Dapuri , 335D

’

A ram b ure, Mons . , 2 1 3Dara Shikoh ,

Prince , 8 1 , 83, 90 , 97 ,99 , 1 0 0 , 1 0 3

- 1 0 5Darbars. 373. 374. 380 . 385. 387. 393

395. 398.Dard

,Mir—Khwaja Muhammad M i r,author, 2 55

D arnidar Narayan, Kuch Bihar, 2 32 ,245

Darshan S ingh , Balram pur, 334Darj i l ing, 332Darya Khan,

S indh , 1 7 of Gujarat , 2 5‘Imad Shah , 2 2S ingh Chaube, 2 98

D astt'

i rD inar , Kulbarga, 4D ataj i S ind ia, 2 1 1 , 2 1 2D atiya, 2 1 8, 2 86 , 3 1 1 , 337Da‘i' id Khan , Shah , Bengal , 46 , 47

Khan,Karnatak

,1 45, 1 55, 1 56

Khan Panni , 1 50

Khan, Afghan, 40 0

Daulatabad , 87, 1 2 9 , 1 30 , 1 80 , 2 0 6

Daulat Chakk , 33, 35D aulata Ram oshi , 399D aulatrav S ind ia, 2 68, 2 72 , 2 73, 2 79 ,

283, 2 84, 2 86, 30 7, 32 2

D aurara fort , 369d‘A utuei l , M . , 2 0 3Dav idge, Mr, 99Dav idson, Col . John, 424, 425Dav ies , John, 55

Robert , 380L ieut . -Col . Thos . A. I l arkness,

42 5Dawar Bakhsh , Prince, 79 , 82 , 83Dawar val ley, 398Dawes , Col . , 2 8 1D ay, Franci s , 9 1 -93Lieut . , 4 1 1

D eb Raja of Bhutan, 379 , 4 1 2

D ebendra S ingh , Manipur , 354

444 I NDEX .

D e Boigne, Count Benoit , 242 , 249 ,2 58, 2 59 , 2 6 1 , 2 62 , 265

de Brito, see Bri toD

’

Eca, D aurte, 37Defence, Treaty of, 76D e Graaf, Surgeon,

1 1 4D

’

Egv i l le, Commander, 2 1 1D eh Kwaj i , batt le, 40 4Deh l i , 7a 2 8, 40 9 58, 79 ,

99 , 1 0 49 1 1 6 , 1 1 9 , 1 2 0 , 1 53’

1 56, 1 60 - 1 64, 1 76- 1 78, 1 80 , 1 88,

1 94, 1 95, 2 03, 2 05, 2 1 2 , 2 1 4,

2 1 9 , 2 2 5, 2 28, 2 2 9 , 2 32 , 2 55,2 58

-2 60 , 266, 2 7 1 , 283, 2 87, 2 90 ,2 92 , 2 93, 30 5, 32 1 , 32 7 : 333,

36 1-368. 384. 393. 395. 4 1 4.

Dekhan,Dakhan, 2 2

, 4 1 , 52 , 56-6 1 ,

66 , 67a 7 1 3 73, 74, 78, 89 )

90 , 94, 1 1 3, 1 23, 1 2 8, 1 31 , 1 55,1 56 , 1 58 1 7 1 ,

D e la Bourdonnai s, Capt . Bertrand Fr.Mahe, 1 66 , 1 74, 1 8 1

D e La Haye, Adm iral , 1 1 5, 1 1 6, 1 1 8D e Laval , Francois Pyrard, 62D elamotte, General , 345D eleyrit, Mons. , 1 98, 1 99 , 2 0 6 , 2 09Del lon,

Mons. C. , 1 1 4D e Nets , Capt . , 73Deni son, S irWm . Thomas , 376, 378,

Dennie, Col . Wm . Henry , 338Dennis

,Major, 353

Deogaon, treaty, 2 84Deogarh , 1 83D eothal fort, 30 3Dera I smai l Khan, 350 , 430D e Sousa, D om D iogo , Conde de R io

Pardo , 30 6 , 3 1 5D

’E spremesni l , Mons .

,1 86

D’

E staign,Mons. 2 0 6

Deva Raja, Mai sur , 1 7 1D evaj i Takpar, 1 83D evamaji of Kurg, 2 95Devanhal l i , 1 89 , 2 63D evendra S ingh of Nabha, 347D evikotta, 1 89, 1 90 , 2 0 6, 2 1 2

Dewar, S irJames, 325D ewarkonda, 37Dewas , 3 1 1D ew ir, battle, 66Dhaka, Dacca, 69 , 70 , 1 1 2 , 1 2 2

,1 23,

1 2 5, 1 3 1 ) 1 36 : 1 46 , 1 54, 2 04, 2 28;2 36, 2 66 , 367

Dhaka, Afghani stan, 397, 40 3, 428

Dhak i or Pul l, 40 9

D hal imkot fort, 379

D hamola, I 7

D hamaj i Jadav, 1 34, 1 40 , 1 50D handeri fort , 1 37Dhar, 1 5, 1 90 , 3 1 2 , 328, 366, 380D haramgaon factory, 1 1 8D haramkot, 347Dharapuram , 2 62

D haraseo orD harasinva, 376

Dharma Pal , Urchha, 342D harmapala, Joao, 59D harmapattanam i sland , 1 9 , 1 74Dharma Raja of Bhutan, 379D harmasala, 379D harmatpur batt le, 1 04D harr

’

rr, 42 , 44D haulatrav S ind ia, 2 88, 2 96Dh iraj S ingh , Chhota Udayapur, 376Dhobi fort , 2 99Dhokal S ingh , Jodhpur, 332Dhol i , batt le, 1 74Dholka, 1 69 , 1 74, 1 80Dhol pur. 5. 342 . 366

Dhrol , 55D hujindar Narayan, 246 , 2 54Dhunda Pant Gokhale, 2 78D hundfipant, see Nana sah ibDhundia Wagh , 2 78D hurb , or D horap, fort , 2 87Dhyan S ingh , Vaz i r, 344D in Bahadur, 1 72D iamper

—Udayamparfir, Synod of,

60

Dianga, Arakan, 64, 66D ibu

,attack on, 30 2

Dick , Col . , 30 2D ickens, Major-General , 2 9 1D ickenson,

Henry , 350D ickson, Mr, 1 73D ig. 1 54. 1 87. 2 34. 2 87D i lawar Khan, 56‘A li Khan,

1 6 1

Di ler Khan, 1 1 0 , 1 1 1 , 1 1 5, 1 1 6 , 1 1 9 ,

Di l i p S ingh of Labor, 343, 345, 348,349 , 352 , 353

D i l -kusha, Lucknow , 367, 369D i l shad Vaz i r, 8D inabanda M itra, author, 376Dinaj pur, 2 28, 2 36 , 324D inanath, Diwan, Lahor, 347D inapur or Danapur, 324, 364D indagal , 204, 2 53, 2 65D ionysius , Mar, Jacobi te bishop , 290Dinpanah fort, Dehl i , 24D irois, Mons. , 1 78, 1 8 1D ishomaNagas , 356D 1 11 . 1 0 . 1 3. 1 7. 2 0

.2 2 . 24-2 7. 30 . 3 1 .

D ivorce A ct, 385D ival i batt le, 8

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446

El l iot , S ir Charles A . , 40 6, 42 2

George, Earl of M into, 2 90Rt . Hon. Hugh , 3 1 4

El l is , Francis , 1 26Mr

,2 1 9

E lm isaram , 1 93, 1 9 7Elph instone, John Lord , 334, 358, 375

Mountstuart,2 92 , 2 94, 2 97, 2 99 ,

General Wm . G eo . Keith , 339 , 340Elw ick , Nathaniel , 1 63, 1 66Elan—B l lur, 1 95, 2 04, 2 24E lvasanor, 2 0 3Engl ish Company , 64, 88, 97, 1 4 1 , 1 45,

1 5 1R efugees , 369

Engl ish , Major Frederick , 366Enni s, Lieut. , 30 7E nnfir, 1 5 1

Ericeira,_ Conde de, 1 58, 1 62E rod,—I rod, 2 2 7, 2 62Ersk ine, General , 2 70Eruma-varmaPerumal , 1 28E stifique, Col . I oao Cabral de, 334Etawa,—I tawa, 20 , 373E kgh . 37Eugene, Prince, 1 58European Anglo-Ind ian defence As

sociat i on, 40 9Evans , S irWi l l iam David , 3 1 4

Col . , 32 7Exh ibition, Ind ian International , 40 9Eyre, S ir Charles , 1 36, 1 4 1 - 1 43

General S irVincent, 365, 367

ACTOR I E S , 70 , 75, 1 2 6, 1 3 1 , 1 46

Factory B i l l, 42 3

Faizabad , 2 30 , 249 , 369 , 37 1Faiz i , poet , 58Faizul lah Khan, Roh i la, 2 36, 245, 268Fake, Corporal , 1 1 8Fakhr-ud-dinKhan

, Shuja‘atJangBaha

dur, 1 83

Falam , 425Fal k land , Lucius Bent inck Vi scount ,

flannnes. 86. 377. 38 1-

385. 399 . 39 1 .

Faq i r N flr-ud-din , 347Faraiz es, Muhammadan, 328Faramuz , A fghan, 387Farhat Khan, 46

Faria, Francisco de, 57Fari d Khan,

‘Abul Muzaffar Sher Khan,Fari d -i -Bukhari

,Shaikh , 5 1 , 65

Faridkot, 347

I NDEX.

Faridfin Jah Mansur‘A li, 336, 376

-

385,

40 5Faris , Lieut . , 30 6Farish , Hon. James , 337farma

‘m , 69 , 88, 98, 1 2 3, 1 33, 1 34, 1 58,1 83, 1 96, 20 8, 2 2 2 , 389

Farrah , 330Farrukh-siyar

,Muhammad , emperor ,

1 53 1 60

Farrukhabad , 2 87, 367, 368Fasl i reckoning, 36 , 89Fath ‘A li Shah of Persia, 2 96 , 30 6

A l i Khan of S indh, 2 80

A l i of Khambay, 3 1 7Fath Al lah ‘Imad Shah , 2 , 7

Haidar, Maisur, 2 75

Jangof Kabul , 340Khan of Kashmi r, 3, 8, 9Khan, Afghan, 66

Khan, Habsh i , 82 , 85, 87Khan Bari ikhzai , 2 83Khan, Mir, Talpuri , 2 54Khan of Bahawal pur, 356, 372Khan of Pahlanpur, 30 0 , 30 5, 3 1 1Muhammad,Jam

‘adar, Kachh , 2 57,

Shah i Bahadur of Hatwa, 2 25S ingh Kayat , 1 56S ingh Gaikwad, 2 2 7, 2 32 , 237,243, 2 44, 2 50 , 2 60 , 2 62 ; regent ,30 7a 3 I I

S ingh Bhonsla of A kalkot, 3 1 4

Fatha Haidar Bahadur, 2 1 0Fathegaon, 30 7Fathganj , batt le , 2 7 1Fath iabad , batt le, 399Fathigarh, 362 , 363, 368, 374Fathpat, 32 7Fathpur, 1 59 , 2 76, 363, 366Fathpur-S i kri , 47, 52Faz l U l lat Khan, 2 2 1female infant icide , 357Ferghana, 426, 428

Fergusson, S irJames , 40 3, 40 5, 4 1 0 , 4 1 1Ferry , Mons . , 40 9 , 4 1 1Fevrier, M .

,1 8 1

Feyra, Conde de, 67Fi da-ud-din Khan, 1 78, 1 83Fidai Khan, Nawab of Bengal , 82

Khan,

‘Az im Khan, 1 2 0 , 1 2 1

F iel d , Capt . , 1 1 7F igueyredo , Gomez Yanez de, 5 1Filoz e

,M ichel , 2 72

Finlay , A. S . , 334F irando factory , Japan, 70F irebrace, S ir Basi l , 1 44F irishta, Muhammad Qas im ,

h istorian,1 6 , 7 1 , 326

F iroz shah, batt le, 346, 347

I N DEX .

Firuz Khan S ti r, 33Khan of Pahlanpur, 300

Mul la b in Kawas , 358Shah of Bengal , 23, 24Shah , prince , 367, 373

F itch , Ral ph , 5 1 , 52 , 54F itzgeral d , Capt . , 35 1

Col . Charles J . Oswal d, 4 1 4

S ir Seymour, 383, 389F lacour, Mons. , 1 1 5Fletcher, S ir Robert , 2 23, 238, 239Fleury , Mons . , 2 83Fl int , Capt . , 262floods , 428-430Floyd , Col . John, 262

F loyer, Charles, 1 87, 1 9 1Fonseca, Antonio Pinto de, 70Forbes , Major Dav id , 2 83Ford , Capt . John, 300 , 30 7Forde, L ieut . -Col . Franci s, 2 0 7-20 9Forsyth , S irDouglas, 386 , 388-390 , 393Fort Harrison,

—Sadon, 425Fort Morton,

—S ima, 42 7

S t Dav id—Tegnapatam , 1 46, 1 8 1 ,1 85

- 1 95, 2 04, 20 6, 20 8, 2 1 1

S t George,—Madras, 99 - 1 0 1 , 1 0 3,1 04, 1 0 7, 1 1 0

,1 1 1

,1 1 4, 1 1 6 ,

1 1 9 , 1 2 2- 1 2 5, 1 2 8, 1 36 ,

1 65, 1 86, 1 88, 2 0 8, 243St Thomas, 1 6Stedman,—Maingthauk , 4 1 9V ictoria,—H immatgadh near Bankot, 2 0 1

Wh ite, 42 1 , 42 7

W i l l iam ,—Calcutta, 1 38, 1 40 , 1 42 ,

1 46, 1 53, 1 72 , 1 77, 1 93, 2 0 1 ,

2 35, 263, 2 75, 2 78

Foul is, Major-General Edward , 33 1Fowke , Joseph , 2 37Fox, Charles James , 2 53Foxcroft , George, 1 1 0 - 1 1 2 , 1 1 6

France, French , 73, 1 1 8, 1 33, 1 95- 1 98,20 1 -20 5, 2 0 7

-2 1 2,2 1 4, 2 5 1

-2 53,

French East Ind ia Co. ,64, 68, 72 ,

95, 1 1 0 , 1 1 3, 1 5 1 , 1 54,

French R 0 cks, —~H ir0 di , 1 96Frere, Adm iral R uy, 78, 79Frere, S ir H . Bart le Edward , 377, 383Fryer, S ir Fred . Wm . R . , 426

F fi lad Khan, 1 1Beg Barlas , M irza, 54

Ful ler , Mr. , Agra, 394Ful lerton, Col . Wm . , 2 53Furtado , Andre de, 56 , 57, 62Luiz de Mendoza, 1 0 7

Fytch , W i l l iam , 1 93Fytche, G eneral A lbert , 383

447

ABR I E L, Mar, Nestorian bishop ,1 48, 1 69 , 1 70

Gadhu Rao , Tanjor , 1 96G adkaris, Ko lhapur, 345Gagrt

’

tn,1 6

Gai l lard , M ., 1 98

Gaja S ingh of Jodhpur, 77 , 9 1 , 94S ingh , read Raja S ingh I I . , 2 1 8S ingh of Bikanir, 2 59

G ajalhatti pass , 262Gakkhars, 1 6

Galbrai th , General S irWm . , 4 1 9Gal l , Col . , 37 1Gal le, Point de, 92 , 94, 1 0 0Galna fort , 86 , 2 87Gama, Estevao de, 2 7

Francisco da, 59 , 79Joao de Sal danha da, 1 67Joaquim Manoel Correira da S i l va

e, 332

Luiz da, 60

Gambier, Robert , 2 0 8, 2 1 5, 244Gambh i r S ingh of Manipur

, 32 0 , 354Gandamak , 339 , 34 1 . 399. 40 2

G andavi , 67Gandikot, 99GangaRao of Marwar , 23Gangadhar Rao of Jhans i , 357

Shastri , 30 1 , 30 3Gangadwara or Haridwar, 383Gangaikondan inscription, 35G angeri , batt le , 367Ganges, Gangariver, 2 1 , 1 70 ,

2 80 , 32 2 ,

366. 367. 369. 379 . 373. 394Ganges canal , 358Gangpara, 30 6CkufiénnGanj -i -Sawai ” sh ip

,1 37

Ganpatrav of Indor, 30 8

G aikwad, 350 , 360

Ganpura, 37Gantar, 37, 2 60Garah and Mand la, 1 8 1Garamkonda, 2 3 1

G ardhan Pal , Karaul i , 356Gardner, Hon. E . , 2 96 , 304

Col . W i l l iam L innaeus , 30 2 , 30 3Garey , Capt . Henry, 1 1 1G arhakot, 369Garhwal , 330 , 430Garm si r

,1 3 1

G arshasp, Prince, 83Gary , Henry , 1 2 1Gatacre, Col . S irWm . Forbes, 4 1 6Gauhati , 1 1 2 , 3 1 8G em . 2 5. 2 6. 2 8. 49 . 47. 49. 2 1 9Gaurinath Raja of A sam , 2 67Gaw i lgadh , 1 8, 2 84Gawler, Col . John Cox, 376

448 I N DEX .

GayaManpur, battle, 2 1 6Gayer, S ir John,

1 36 , 1 39- 1 4 1 , 1 43,

1 44 . 1 46. 1 47. 1 49. 1 5 1G eek ie, John, 1 82

G eldria,—Pal ikat, 67George I . , 1 67

I I I ., 30 1

Georgegarh , 2 73G ersappa, 85G haft

'

rr Khan, 52

Ghagrariver. 369 . 372 . 373Ghain

,Persia, 40 6

G harganw ,Asam , 1 0 8

G hatge, Shirj i Rao, Sakharam , 2 72 ,

Ghaus Muhammad of Jaura, 38 1Ghaz i Khan Chakk of Kashm i r, 33, 35,

36. 39. 40 . 42

Ghaz i -ud-din Khan I . , F iritz Jang, 1 51 ,I S3

I L . 1 90 , I 9S, I 94, I 97> 2 0 3I I I . , Vaz ir, 2 1 2HaidarofAudh

, 30 1 , 304, 32 2 , 32 3Ghaz i -ud-din Khan, general , 1 28, 1 29 ,

I 3 1 . 1 44. 1 48

Ghaz i s , fanatics, 340 , 370 , 372 , 40 2 ,

Ghaz i pur, 2 2 1 , 2 36, 2 88, 324Ghaz iuddinnagar, batt le, 362Ghazni . 6 1 . 2 78. 337. 340 . 34 1 . 382 .

384. 385. 40 2 -404Ghazni Khan of Kandesh, 1 1

Gheria, see V i jayadurgGh i lzais , 28 1 , 338

-

340 , 40 0-

40 3, 40 9 ,

4 1 0 . 4 1 7Gh iyas-ud-din‘Abul Muzaffar

, 38, 40

Khalj i , 1 , 3, 5Mahmud Shah I I I . , 2 3

Ghodaji I I . , Rao of Kachh,242

Ghodbandar fort ,—S t J eronym , 1 76

Ghosala fort , 1 74G hov izai , 396

Ghulam ‘A li of S indh , 2 80 , 292Bas it , author, 2 52Haidar Khan, Kabul , 359 , 40 6,

420 . 428

Husain Khan,Kabul , 40 1

Husain Khan, TibaTi bai , 2 6 1 , 2 62Muhammad , Roh i la, 2 68Muhammad Ghaus of the Karnalaifi 357, 359 , 360

Qad i r Khan, Roh i la, 255, 2 58 260

G hurgin Khan, Pers ian m inister, 1 52 ,I S3

t aja pass, 398G ibbs , Major-General S ir Samuel , 294G iesi i Khan, 46G i lbert , General S irWal ter R . , 352

G i lchrist , Dr John, 285

G i lgit , 424, 42 6 , 42 7G i l lesp ie, Major-General S ir Robert

Ro l lo, 2 89 , 2 97, 30 2

G ingen, Capt . , 1 9 2G i t , 375G irishk , 339 , 404, 40 6G irvanyuddha V ikrama Sah, 2 80 , 30 5G ladman, Mr, 1 3 1

G natong, 4 1 8

G oa, 1 0 -1 2 , 1 4- 1 6 , 2 0 , 24, 26 -28, 30

33. 35. 37-

40 . 43. 44. 48-

55. 57

84, 88- 1 0 1 , 1 0 3, 1 0 6- 1 0 8, 1 1 0 ,

1 2 1 , 1 24, I 2 9 > 1 33: I 44,

230 , 2 33, 235, 2 57, 2 63, 2 68, 280 ,

3 1 4-

3 1 6. 323. 332 . 335. 338. 345.

349 . 380 . 385-

388. 39 2 .

Goa, A rchb l shops, 1 23, 2 90

Jesuits , 1 1 3Godavari river , 2 1 , 59 , 1 93Goddard , General Thomas, 242

-244,246

G odeheu, M ., 1 97, 1 98

Godol ph in,S idney , Earl of Godol ph in,

1 5 1

Godw in, General S irHenryThomas,356Goens, R ijk lof van, 1 0 3

R ickhoff, 1 1 7Goes , Bened ict H.

,63

John, of Leiden, 1 2 7Gogha, 67, 7 1 , 1 69 , 1 72 , 1 99G oghanda, battle, 47Gohad , 2 24, 244-246, 2 89 , 2 96

G ohna, landsl ip , 430G okalgarh , 2 59Gokhale, see Bapu GokhaleG olard, M . , 1 78

G olanl i , 37 1

go l d coinage , 380

Golden Rock batt le, 1 95G oldesborough , S irJohn, 1 35, 1 36

G oldsm id, Maj . -General S irFred . John,

389G olkonda. 2 9 . 2 . 37. 50 . 54. 63. 67.

68. 72 . 79 . 80 . 87-89 . 98. 1 0 1 .

1 0 2 , 1 1 2- 1 1 5, 1 1 8,

- 1 3 1 ,I 33, 1 79

Gombrt'

m , 79 , 1 2 1 , 1 46

Gomm , F iel d -Marshal , S ir Wm . M .

354.

Gonda, raja of, 373Gonds , 87, 93, 3 1 0 , 3 1 1

Gonin battle, 34 1Gonzales , Sebastian, 67, 69 , 72Good Hope, Cape of, I , 4, 2 70 , 2 74Gopal Hari , 2 1 0

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450 I N DEX .

Hami r Ranaof Udaypur, 2 32 , 24 1Hammans, Major, 42 7Hani fi sect , 43Hankau, 392Hans i. 1 5. 2 73. 2 77. 2 79. 2 80Hansot, 2 37, 244Hansraj of Mandvi , 2 95, 2 96Hanumangarh or Batner, 8

Harat,—Herat , 1 7, 64, 66, 1 53, 1 58,

394. 40 0 . 49 4. 40 6. 4 1 7Harcourt, L i eut . -Col . 2 83Hardinge , S ir Henry, Lord , 345, 347,

350Hardwar,—Haridwar, 370 , 383Hardiman, General , 308Hare, David , 30 5Hargovind, sixth S ikh Guru, 65, 9 1Hariana

,2 73, 2 96

Hariharpur, Orissa, 87Haripant Phadke, 2 37, 2 40 , 241 , 246,

2 57. 263. 2 64Hari Ram , Ahmadabad , I 55Hari Narayan Deva of Sambalpur, 3Harirav Holkar, 330 , 331 , 333, 339 .

344Harishpurgarh, Orissa, 87Hark isan, eighth S ikh Guru, 1 0 6, 1 1 0

Harland , Commodore, 1 48S ir Robert, 2 2 9

Harpanahal l i,2 1 9 , 2 58, 2 76

Harpur, General , 242Har-rai , seventh S ikh Guru, 9 1 , 1 05,

1 0 6

Harri s, Bartholemew , 1 30- 1 32 , 1 36

General George, Lord , 2 73, 2 75George F . Robert , Lord , 358, 374George R . Canning, Lord , 42 2

Harrison, Edward , 1 53, 1 58Lieut . , 42 5

Hartington, Marquis of, 40 3, 408Hart ley , General James , 244, 249 , 2 6 1 ,

2 62 , 2 75Harvey, Col . J . J .

, 4 1 9Hasaj i Moh ita Hamb i r Rao, 1 1 8, 1 1 9Hasan Abdal , Panjab, 1 1 8‘A li , Karnatak , 1 79

Muqarrab Khan, 69 , 77Raza Khan, Lucknow , 239

Hasanzais, 384, 4 1 9Hasti D al , A lmora, 30 3Hastings, Francis, 1 6 1 , 1 63

General Francis Rawdon, Marquisof. 30 1 . 30 6. 308. 39 9. 3 1 5. 3 1 7

Warren, 1 72 , 1 9 1 , 2 1 8, 2 1 9 , 2 28,230 , 233

' 237a 239 , 240 , 245,2 5 1 3 252 , 254) 255,

2574359» 2 69

Hathras, 30 6, 366Havelock , General Henry , 36 1 , 364-

367Col . Wi l l iam , 351

Hawel , I saac van den, 1 2 7Hawk ins , Capt . W i l l iam , 65

-67, 69Hay, M r, 2 1 9Hazara. 32 7. 348. 35 1 . 384Heal y. D r. 354Heath , Capt . , 1 3 1 , 1 43Heber, B ishop Reginald , 3 1 6 , 32 2Hebert , M . , 1 54, 1 59Hedges, Wi l l iam , 1 2 5

- 1 2 8, 1 45, 1 49Heinz ius Huth . of Del f, 1 2 7Helmand river, 1 53, 404, 40 6 , 4 1 0Henriques, Garcia, 20Luiz de M iranda, 1 1 3

Henry I . of Portugal , 49IV. of France, 64

Herbakhsh Pal , Karaul i , 30 7Herbert , S irThomas , 82Herbert (read Hebert ), Le Cheval ier,

1 5 1

Heron, Lieut . -Col . , 1 98Hess, Capt . Hendrik , 78Hessing, John,

2 79Heytesbury , Lord, 332H icky, James Augustus , 245H idgley,

—Ingel i , 1 30H iggins, Lieut . , 4 1 5H igginson, Nathaniel , 1 35, 1 36H i l l , General Sale, 40 9H i l l s, General Jam es, 364, 40 1H immat Khan, 1 37H im t

’

r, General , 35, 36H indal M irza, 1 5, 2 7-2 9 , 32 , 33H inde, John, 1 86, 1 87

Col . , 368

H indu Col lege, Calcutta, 30 5girl s

’ school , 353temples, Banaras, 86

H indfipat of Sam thar, 323, 380H inglajgarh fort, 286H ingona, 344H ippins i sland , Sunda strait , 1 2 7H ippon, Capt . , 68H ira S ingh , Lahor, 344-

346

H ire Chama Udayar Bola, 45H islop, S irThomas , 30 6 , 30 8, 3 1 0Hkama

,Burma, 420

I I lal l, dakait, 4 1 5 4 1 6

Hobart , Lord , 2 68, 2 69 , 2 73, 2 74Vere Henry , 388, 393

Hodges , M r, 2 1 1Thomas , 2 2 5, 2 29

Hodgson, Brian H . , 330

Hodson,Major \Vm . S . Raikes, 365,

Hoge, Adrigande Borssele van der, 1 2 7Holcombe, Lieut . , 392

I NDEX .

Holewel l , John Zephaniah , 1 72 , 20 1 ,

Holkar, 1 83, 2 1 2,2 1 6 , 2 20 ,

2 2 6 , 2 37,244, 2 65, 2 69 , 282 ) 2 87

-2 9 1 , 2 95,2 98, 300 9 304,

Hol land , John, 243, 2 60

Hol land , 49 , 67, 3 1 8, see DutchHolmes , Major-General S irGeorge, 2 82

Major-General John, 364, 368Ho l t , Co l . , 4 1 6Homem ,

Manuel Mascarenhas , 1 0 1 , 1 0 3Honawar, 44 ,

1 1 5, 2 52

Honnal i , batt le, 32 6Honner, General S ir Robert W i l l iam ,

Hooke, R ev . Wal ter, I I IHooker, S irJoseph Dal ton, 353Hope, C0 1 . the Hon. Adrian

, 370

S irTheodore C., 40 7

Hope-Grant,Brigad ier, James , 363,

366-

369 . 37 1-

373Hornby , W i l l iam ,

2 2 9 , 240 , 2 54Horne, John , 1 74, 1 79Horsford , General Al fred H . , 373, 374Hoskot, 94, 2 2 7Hosfir, 2 2 6, 264Houtman, Cornel ius , 57-59Howard , Major Franci s , 420Hpagyidoa of Burma, 3 1 2 , 32 1Hsengbyushengof Burma, 2 20 , 2 24, 2 39H tantab eng, Burma, 3 1 9Hubbard , Mr, 1 8 1Hub li , 1 1 7, 4 1 6Hudleston, W i l l iam , 406

Hudson,Lieut . -General S ir John, 42 7,

42 8

Hughes , Rear-Adm iral S ir Edward ,249 435 1 , 2 53

General S ir Robert John, 40 1Robert , 77Major, 372W i l l iam , 375

H i gh , 2 6 , 85-87, 92 , 99 , 1 00 , 1 04, 1 0 7,

1 65, 2 0 1 , 2 0 2 , 2 2 1 , 379 , 38 1

Hugo, Hubert , 1 1 0Humayt

’

in, Emperor, 9 , 1 5, 1 7, 20 ,2 2

24, 26 ' 2 9 a

Jah. 31 9 . 336

Shah , 2 67Hume, Mr, of I tawa, 373

General S ir Robert, 406Hunter, Cornet , 30 7, 3 1 0Hunterman, Sergeant , 2 1 0Husain‘A li Khan, General , 1 39‘Al i

é

Khan, Sayy id , 1 54, 1 56, 1 58I 1

-

‘A l i , 262

45 1

Husain A rght'

tn Shah, 1 8 2 0 , 34

of Kalat , 337Dost Khan , 1 89Husaini , AghaKhan, 0 6 ,Khan Sham l i’ i , 64

3 335 347

Langah I . , 6 ; H . , 1 9N izam Shah . 33. 37. 89

. 87Qul i Khan, 47, 48

Shah Chakk , 40 , 42 , 44Shah Sharq i

, 3Sul tan of Pers ia, 1 69

Husainpur, 2 2 5, 2 56 , 2 63, 387Hutch inson, Capt . A . , 423

BRAH I M ‘ADIL SHAH I . , 24, 2 5,

_

Z 9'

3 I , 35. 37A

8

dl l Shah I I . , 49 , 52 , 56, 58, 64,2

I I . , Husain Lodi , Deh l i , 1 5, 1 8, 1 9Husain M irza

, 42 , 45Khan S ti r

, 34, 36

Khan I I . of Kashmi r, 33, 35

Khan. 1 32 . 1 33. 1 39. 1 48Khan Gardi

, 2 1 2

N i zam Shah , 56 , 58Qutb Shah

, 32 , 37, 39 , 49 , 50Ichal karanj i , 3 1 9I chhapur, 1 65I dar , I 4, 1 6 , 1 73Idgah Sarai , 363I kk eri

,80

I lbert, S lr Courtenay P ., 40 8, 40 9

I l Morro —Korlai fort , 57Imad -ul -Mul k Sul tani , 1 1 , 2 0 , 2 5, 34Imam Mahd i

,

”8

Imam Sah i b 0 1 G olkonda, 1 79ud-din, Shaikh , Kashm ir, 348, 35 1

I mam iya sect , 377I mmadi Bhairava of Maisur, 43

Krishna, 1 7 1Raja Udayar, 90 , 9 1

Imodi of Sunda, 2 00I mpey, S ir El ijah , 2 37, 245, 2 52 , 2 54

Edward, 30 6‘Inayatul lah Khan, 86

Khan, Vaz i r-deputy, 1 62Income tax, 389 , 4 1 4Indenture Tripart ite, 1 45Ind ia,V ic

8

toria I mperatrix, 393-

395, 397,39

Ind ia Counci l , 4 1 4Ind ian Navy , 325, 378Ind igo planters , 360Indor, 2 72 , 2 79 , 2 86

, 2 9 1 , 2 98, 30 8,333. 363. 4 1 7

Indragarh , 373Indraprastha,—Deh l i, 24

452 I N DEX .

Indrapur factory , 1 46

Indus riv ., 2 5, 32 9 , 330 , 332

Ingel i ,—H idgley, 1 30I njaram factory , 1 64, 2 0 3Innes, Col . , 3 1 8Innis Khan,

1 94, 1 96

Inquisit ion, 37, 38, 30 2

I ntizam ud-daula Khan Khanan, 1 95Iraj Khan,

Lucknow , 238

I_

rawadi riv . , 356 , 4 1 2 , 4 1 3, 4 1 5, 42 2‘I saKhan, Harat , 360Khan Tarkhan , M irza, Surat , 93Qul i , vak i l , 1 37

I s fahan, 1 46, 1 55, 1 64I s-haq Khan, A fghan, 4 1 9

of D ia, 2 0

I shvara Chandra Gupta, journal ist , 32 7I shvari S ingh of Jaypur, 1 83, 1 87 [not

Mewar] , 2 1 5I slam Khan,

Shaikh, of Bengal , 70

Khan Mashhad i , Nawab , 86 , 90 , 9 1

Shah S ti r, Sul tan, 30 , 3 1 , 33I s lamabad ,—~Chi ttaga0n, 1 1

I sma‘i l ‘A d i l Shah , 1 0 , 1 1 , 1 6 , 1 8, 2 1 ,2 39 24

N izam Shah ofAhmadnagar, 54, 55Beg, 2 58

- 2 60 ,2 62 , 2 65

Qul i Khan, Gujarat , 55Khan of Kashm i r, 35, 36

I sma‘i liah Imam s, 1 34, 335, 347Khojas , 338

I stal i f, 34 1I‘timad Khan, Gujarat , 39 , 45, 5 1 see

Amanat KhanI‘timadud-daula—Qamarud-din Khan,

Vaz i r, 1 88I vy

,Thomas , 92

ABALPUR ,2 95, 30 8, 366 , 368,

369 . 386. 42 1

Jabra Ghat , 2 95Jackson, Coverley , 36 1Jacob , Col . John, 343Jacobabad darbar, 394Jacob in c lub , Seringapatam ,

2 72

Jacquemont , Victor, 324Jadhav-rai Bhonsla, 84Jadra earthquake, 34Ja‘far ‘A l i Khan (MirJa‘far), 1 85, 2 0 3

z o5, z o7, 2 0 9 , 2 1 0 , 2 1 3, 2 1 4, 2 1 9 ,

‘A l i Khan ,

Surat , 341Ja‘far Khan, Mursh id Qul i , 1 45, 1 55

Khan of Nagar, 424J afnapatam , 38, 56 , 59 , 6 1 , 75, 77, 1 04,

350

Jagannath Pari , 2 83, 30 6 , 404Jagannath Sankar Seth , Bombay, 38 1

Jagat Rai of Bardhwan, 1 37S ingh I .

, Rana, 82 , 1 00 ; I I . , 1 87,I 93

S ingh of Kangra, 93S ingh of Kota, 95S ingh ofJaypur, 2 85, 2 90 , 3 1 0

-3 1 2 ,

40 5

Jagatj it S ingh , Kapt'

i rthala, 396

Jagdalak , 339 , 40 2Jagdev Rao , G olkonda, 37

Jagd i spur, 1 84, 365, 37 1

Jagji vandas, Satnam i , 1 2 6Jagraon. 347Jahan A ra Begam , 7 1 , 94, 1 1 1

Jahandar Shah , Sul tan, 1 53, 1 54, 1 97Jahangi r, Sul tan, 63, 64, 68

-73, 75, 76,82 . 95, 1 1 4Muhammad , of Bhopal , 323, 333

Qul i Khan Beg, Bengal , 2 6 , 2 7Qul i Khan Lalah Beg, 66 , 67

Jahan Khan,Sardar, A fghan, 20 3

Shah , 1 54, 1 60J ai lam , Jeh lam , or Vyath riv. , 34, 8 1 ,

352

Jal nasa 9 : I 4, 43, S7Jaint ia, 3 1 8, 32 2 , 32 9Jaisalm ir, 3 1 1 , 333Jai tak fort , 30 2 , 30 3Jai tsinghorJaytsingh , ofMohanpur, 1 78

Jaj har S ingh , Bundela, 87, 88Jajowan , batt le, 1 49

Jakkatra, Batav ia, 76, 8 1Jala, Pand it , Lahor, 345, 346Jalal Khan Lodi , of B ihar , I 5, 2 5, 2 7

Khan, I slam Shah , 30Shah , Gh iyas ud-din I . , 38 H . , 40

ud-din R aushani , 54, 6 1

ud-din Shah ‘Alam,2 1 2 -2 1 4, 2 2 1

,

2 2 3

Jalé lé bédé1 77. 340 . 398. 40 2 . 403. 40 8.

42

Jalandhar, 2 7, 1 51 , 35 1 , 362 , 363Jalandhar Khan, 4 1 7Jalap - la

, 4 1 8, 4 1 9Jalna, 1 68, 2 94Jam F irt

‘tz , 1 7, I 8

J esaji , of Nawanagar, 2 99Nanda, 8, 1 7

Jama Bakht , 366Jamal Khan, 54, 55

Sah ib , 200Jambuk istna, 1 94

Jamdat-ul -Mul k sa‘adul la Khan, 99James I .

, 64. 67. 72 . 74. 75. 78-80

I I . , 1 2 9James, Commodore S irWi l l iam , 1 98

R ev. John Thomas, B ishop , 32 2 ,324

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454 I NDEX .

Kachaura, 2 82Kachh , 55, 1 9 1 , 2 66 , 28 1 , 30 3, 304,

3 1 2 , 3 1 3, 4 1 0

Kachh Amadan, 40 5

Kachin tribes, 40 9 , 4 1 1 , 4 1 8, 420 , 425,

42 7Kadapa,—Cuddapah , 99 , 1 9 1 , 1 92 , 2 65,

Kadattanad, Malabar, 26 1Kadol , battle, 4 1 4Kadt

'

ir, in K i'

i rg, 96

Kagal , 3 1 9Kaj wa, batt le, 366Kakar Pathans orMusa Khels, 4 1 0Kalana, 30 8Kalanga or Nalapani fort , 30 2Kalankandan fort , 2 1 0Kalat, Baluch istan, 33 1 , 337, 338, 358,

378. 389 . 394. 428

Kalat-i -Gh i l zai , 404, 40 6, 4 1 7Kale, 42 0 , 42 3Kal i , goddess , 32 9Kal ikata, —Calcutta, 1 40 , 1 42

Kal im A l lah Shah of Kulbarga, 1 9Kal injar, 30 , 44, 85, 2 8 1 , 2 98

Kal ka, 354Kalna inscription, 24Kal pi . 9 . 35. 1 75. 370 372Kalfisah orKabkalas, 1 24, 1 32

Kaluttara, Ceylon, 86 , 1 0 0 , 1 0 1

Kalyan, 2 5, 46, 89 , 97, 1 1 8, 1 2 2Kalyan S ingh of Bikanir, 45

S ingh o f Kishnagar, 337Kalyani , 1 0 3Kamal Khan, 1 0 , 1 1Kam Bakhsh , prince, 1 33, 1 34, 1 36,

1 38, 1 39 , 1 48, 1 50 ; 2 1 2

Kama Rajsingh I I . , of Udaypur , 1 99Kamandurg, 32 6Kamaon, 30 2 , 30 3, 369Kambol i i sland , 35, 99 , 1 0 0Kamona fort , 2 9 1Kamran M irza, 2 3, 2 7- 2 9 , 3 1

-

33M irzaof Harat , 3 1 1 , 32 5, 330 , 337,

342

Kam sin, 426Kanala fort , 2 8Kanara, 1 1 5, 1 2 2

,1 48

Kanauj , 2 8 , 366Kanaund

,batt le, 265

Kandahar, Nander, 85Kandesh, 1 6 , 2 1 , 2 6, 39 , 42 , 47, 56 ,

6 1 . 1 48. 1 56. 3 1 1 .Kandu, riv . , 369Kandy , Ceylon, 32 , 56 , 59 -6 1 , 68, 69 ,

73. 75. 77. 83. 9 1 . 92 . 1 0 1 . 2 2 3.2 69 , 2 70 , 2 77, 2 80 , 30 1 , 3 1 1

Kangra fort , 78Kanhau ch iefs, 423

KanhouAngria I . , 1 55, 1 59 , 1 65A ngria I I . , 336 , 338G aikwad, 2 78, 2 80 -2 82 , 2 99-30 1

Kanhori , 2 73Kaniguram , 40 6

Kanj i , Ko l i robber, 88Kanm er, 396

Kannani tr,—Cannanore, 6 , 8- 1 0 , 2 0 , 2 2 ,

Kantaji G aikwad, 1 74Kadam Bande, 1 66 - 1 69

Kanthi rava Narasa of Maisur, 1 0 6Makarasu of Maisur, 1 47, 1 56

Kapadvanj , 1 66, 1 75, 2 82

Kappatt, Malabar, 4Kaparthala, 32 2 , 347, 362 , 380 , 4 1 8

Kapuyan, Afghanistan, 397Karachi , 38 1Karan of Satara, 1 43Karanja fort , 70 , 1 1 0 , 1 1 7, 1 2 5, 1 76,

Karaul i , 30 7Karda, 2 69 , 2 7 1Karen-ni states, 393, 4 1 8, 4 1 9Karez -i -atta, 40 6Kari , 2 80 , 2 99Karikkal , 1 77, 1 78, 1 8 1 , 2 0 6, 2 0 7, 24 1 ,

30 5Karim fort , 2 59Karim Khan,

Pendhari , 30 8, 30 9Karkala inscript ion, 43Karkalu, A sam , 1 0 3Karlé , Poona, 242Karl i

, Sawantwadi . 3 1 2

Karma Rana, of Udaypur, 78, 82S ingh of Bi kanir, 1 1 8

Karnal , 1 2 0

Karnala fort , I I 4Karnatak and K . Nawab , 1 1 9 , 1 3 1 ,

1 5 1 . 1 52 . 1 56. 1 67. 1 79. 1 80 .1 82 , 1 84, 1 85, 1 89 , 1 95, 1 98,1 99 , 2 0 2 , 2 1 0 , 2 1 8, 2 20 , 2 2 1 ,

2 25. 2 26. 2 30 . 2 39. 244. 245.249 , 2 52 , 2 56, 2 57, 262 , 2 65,

Karnt'

i l , 1 92 , 2 78

Kartalab Khan,Muhammad Had i , 1 44

Kartarpur , Panjab , 2 7Karungul i ,—“

Carangoly, 2 0 7, 2 1 2

Kari tr fort , 2 1 4, 2 1 5, 2 2 7, 2 51 , 253,

I’

arwar, 9 1 , 1 1 0 ,1 23, 1 46

Karw i , Banda, 372Kashghar, 386 , 395Kashirav B olkar, 2 72 , 2 78

Kashmi r, 23, 32 -

36 , 39-

45, 48, 49, 5 1

53. 55. 56. 77. 99. 1 0 8. 1 48.288, 3 1 3,

I NDEX .

Kasigaon, batt le, 235Kasim bazar, 1 0 2

, 1 04, 1 0 9 , 1 1 9 , 1 20 ,

1 2 2 , 1 23, 1 28, 1 45, 1 46, 1 49 ,1 89 , 20 1 , 2 0 3

Kasimkotta, 2 0 8Katak

, 49 , 1 84, 1 85, 1 9 1 , 2 0 7, 246, 283,

Katasang, 40 1Kath iawar, Kathiawad, 2 2 , 1 34, 1 9 1 ,

29 1

Katir d ist . , 1 85Katmandt

'

t, 98, 1 0 3, 2 25, 282 , 343Kattiwakkam ,

—E nni1 r, 1 5 1Kattyama Kamayya Nayyaka, 1 9Katuka, Jaina sect, 9Katula, k ingof Orissa

, 59Katwa, 1 8 1 , 1 84kaul orgaze] , grant, 95, 1 0 5Kavaledurg, 2 52

Kavarpak , 1 38

Kaveri , Kaveripuram , 2 75Kayankolam , 1 85Keane, General S ir John, 336 , 337Keatinge, Col . , 2 37, 2 95, 2 97Kedarji G aikwad, 1 87Keel inge, Capt . , 65, 67, 73Kehri S ingh , Nawab , Bharatpur, 234Keigw in, Capt . R ichard , 1 24, 1 2 7, 1 2 8

Keir, General S irWi l l iam Grant, 3 1 2Kel ly , D rAmbrose, 400Kel va-Mah im , 2 2

Ke l ve-Katalwada fort , 1 78Kempe Gauda, Bangalor, 9 1Kendat, Burma, 4 1 3Kendel l , Baron von, 4 1 1

Kengarji Bahadur, of Kachh , 398, 4 1 0Kengtung state, 4 1 2Kennaway, Capt . S ir John, 2 60 , 268Kennedy , General , 40 6

Major, 4 1 7Kerman. 335. 338

Kerr, General Lord Mark , 370Dr R . H . , 2 90

Kerridge, Thomas , 70 , 72 , 80

Keshab Chandra Sen, 385Keyes, General S ir Charles P . , 396

Khad im Husain Khan, 2 1 3Khafi Khan, Muhammad Hash im ,

1 36,1 40 , 1 72

Khagiani tribe, 399Khaibar pass , 33, 1 2 2 , 3 1 7, 335, 337,

339 , 340 : 352 ) 399 9 40 1 , 40 2 )

40 5. 42 1

Khaim S ingh of Jaypur, 40 5Khalgaon, 2 6b ird/5d or governmental , 346,

40 2

Khamhay ,—Cam bay , 1 3, 2 2 , 40 , 45, 51 ,

455

Khamt i tribe, 388Khan Asad Khan, 8 1

Bahadur, Bhatti , 2 96Bahadur Khan, mutineer, 362Dauran H .

, Nasrat Jang, 87, 88, 94Dauran IV.

,

‘Abdul Samad Khan,1 62 , 1 67

Jahan Lodi , 67, 83-85Jahan Bahadur Kokal tash, 1 1 7,

1 2 2 , 1 2 7, 1 2 8, 1 34Khanan, see Mun‘im Khan, and

M irza‘Abdur RahimKhanan

,MirJum la, 1 0 2 , 1 03

M i rza, I 7Muhammad , Bijapur, 1 0 4S ingh , Lahor , 350Zaman‘A li Qul i Shaibani , 42Zaman Bahadur, 87, 89

Khandala, Poona, 24 1 , 246satara, 325

Khande Rav, 2 1 4Rav, Indor, 289

Khanderav , son of Malharrav , 2 24, 2 69Dabhade, 1 57, 1 74GaikwadI . , 1 87 ; I I . , 360 , 386, 392Holkar. 339 . 344Puar, 2 1 6 , 244

Khanderi island, 1 23, 1 24Khandoji Mankar, 1 80 , 200Khands of G fimsur, 34 1 , 344Khanuz Zaman, vaz i r, Kashm i r, 4 1Kharag i sland , 360Kharag S ingh of Lahor, 337 339Kharak S ingh of Kapt

'

i rthala, 386 , 396

Kharki ,—Aurangabad , 68Khasa Chama Raja of Maisur, 238Khas i states , 32 2 , 32 5Khasirav , Indor, 289Khawas Khan, 2 6, 30 , 32

Khan, Bijapt'

i r, 1 1 6

Khelna,—Vishalgarh , 1 45Khem sawant 1 50 , 1 52 ; I I I . , 1 99 ,

2 85. 2 9 1 ; I V 3 1 6. 32 9. 335.

383Kh i va, 389Kh iz r Khan of Bengal , 28Khiz rpur, 1 0 2 , 1 0 9Khodadad Khan of Kalat , 378, 379Khojas , 347. 354. 377. 378. 382Khojak pass , 398Khondamir, Ghiyas ud-din Muhammad ,

h istorian, 1 7, 2 1Khonoma, 400 -

40 3Khorasan, 2 8 1

Khost , 398Khudaganj, 368Khudawand Khan Ram i , 30

Khan Habsh i , 52Khunza Sultana, 4 1

456 I NDEX.

Khurdha, 2 86, 30 6

Khurram ‘A l i of S indh , 2 80Sul tan,

—Shahjahan, 7 1 -74, 77Khushab pargana, 76Khushalgarh , 2 86Khushk -i -Nakhud , 40 4Khusro Sul tan, 63, 65, 68, 79 , 82

Khan, 1 53, 1 54Turk , A zad Khan, I I

Khusruji Mod i , Poona, 2 97, 300Khwaja ‘Abdul Ham id Khan, 1 46‘

A bdul lah Khan, 1 82 , 1 84‘A li Sh iraz i , Dabhol , 45Anwar, 1 40Iad i

,2 0 7

Jahan, 86Nasar, Surat , 69Sara‘Abdul lah Khan, 79Zafar, Gujarat , 2 7, 30

Khwaja, batt le, 1 54Khyrim , Khasia state, 325Kidd (or Kyd ), Capt . Wi l l iam , p irate,

K idderpur, 3 1 7K i l leri , batt le, 2 96K im Kathodra, batt le , 1 83K imberley , Ear l of, 40 8, 4 1 4, 42 6K im ed i , 33 1

Kinaram of A sam ,2 67

Kinloch , Capt . , 2 2 5, 2 28Lieut . Alex . A . A . , 40 0

Kinnear, Major, 1 94K inta, battle, 393Kirat S ingh ofAmber

,1 1 2 , 1 1 7

S ingh of Gohad , 2 85S ingh of Dhol pur, 334, 390

Ki ratpur, 1 0 5, 1 0 6Kirjean, Mons . , 1 96Kirkangarhi fort , 1 78K irki ,—Khadk i , battle, 30 6Ki rkpatrick , General Wi l l iam , 239 , 265Kishenganj , Dehl i , 364K ishm , Persian Gul f, 79K ishnagar, 3 1 0 , 337Ki shorS ingh I . , of Kota, 1 04 ; I I . , 3 1 4

3 1 6. 324Kishwar Khan, Bijapt

’

ir, 42

Kistnavaram,batt le, 1 93

Kitti i r, 2 58, 3 1 9Kiwam ul-Mulk , 1 7Knox , Col . , 2 1 3

General S irAlexander , 2 80 , 2 82Koch in,

see Coch inKodkua, batt le, 368Kodungal l t

'

i r,—Cranganor, 8, 1 4, 1 8, 25,

30 , 53, 62 , 7 1 , 73, 2 6 1 ,2 90

li ohanKoh-i -Asmai , 40 2

Koh ima, Nagah i l l s, 400Koh-i -nur d iamond , 1 0 2 , 352Koi l , batt le, 2 83Koi lgadi , 1 98

Koimbatt’

i r,see Coimbatur

Koka F ftlad, 40

Kokanada,—Kak inada, 2 1 1Kolaba, 1 64, 1 74, 1 75Kolar, 94, 2 26 , 2 2 7, 2 75Ko lattiri , prince, Malabar , 6 , 9Kol hapur, 89 , 1 0 2

,1 54, 1 55, 1 69 , 1 90 ,

386

Kol is. 44. 5 1 . 1 54. 2 2 9. 32 8Kol lam ,

—North Qui lon, 6 , 8, 1 5, 1 6 ,1 0 7, 1 48 ; S . Qui lon, 2 92

Kol larun,—Kol ladam riv .,2 49

Komalmer fort , 45Komaroff, General , 4 1 1Kondana fort , 1 1 0Kondapal l i fort, 37Kondavid fort , 1 4, 49 , 1 92 , 2 0 9Kongad di st . , 2 66Kongal , 2 78K0 nim er,

—Kunimédu, 1 2 6Konkai , 4 1 0Konkan, 35, 38, 5 1 , 97, 1 0 2 , 1 26, 1 77,

244. 30 7. 399Kopal ,—Kopal -durg, 2 6 1 , 3 1 2 , 37 1Kora, 2 2 2 , 2 32 -234, 2 36

Korigaon, batt le, 30 8Korlai fort, 57Kosir, R ed Sea, 32 4Koster, W i l lelm Jacob szoon, 9 1Kota, 8 1 , 1 0 3, 1 04, 1 56, 1 65, 1 75, 2 1 7,

Kotkai , batt le, 4 1 9Kotri , batt le, 30 9Kotta or Putupatanam , 32 , 4 1 , 60

Kottayam , 1 88, 2 6 1

Kovalam ,—Covelong, 1 68, 1 94

Kov i lkonda,—Koi lkonda, 37

Krishnadeva Raya of Vijayanagar, 1 01 4, 1 6

- 1 8, 2 2

Kri shna,—Kistna riv ., 1 0 2 , 1 2 0 , 1 92 ,

2 0 9 , 2 2 1 , 2 23Krishnagiri , Maisur, 2 2 6, 2 64Krishnaji Bande, 1 68Krishna Kumari of Udaypur

,2 84,

2 90

Krishna-rao ofTiyagar, 2 0 7, 2 1 0Krishna Raja Udayar, 2 76 , 2 98, 328,

384Krishnappa of Madura, 67Kshirgaon fort , 2 96Kuar orKunwar S ingh , mutineer, 365,

370

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458

Lawrence, Lieut . -General S ir George,35 1 5 35

2

Col . S i r Henry M . , 340 , 348, 36 1 ,

363Lord John L . M 35 1 . 353. 357.

380 . 382-

385. 397. 399Leedes , W i l l iam , 5 1

Leeke, A dm iral S ir Henry John, 360

Le Fevre, Capt . , 30 6Legois, Mons . , 2 70Le Grand , Capt. , 370Lei th , S ir George, 2 79Lel l ington, Gregory , 73Lenoir, Mons . , 1 63- 1 65, 1 67Lescke, Rev. Wi l l iam , 73Lesl ie, Col . , 24 1Levant Company , 55Levant , Father, 1 96

Levassoul t, Mons .

, 2 70

Leya, batt le, 350Lhasa, 2 98, 42 2Light , Capt . Francis , 2 57, 2 63Lima, Joaquim Lopes de, 338Limbin, Burm ese prince, 4 1 2 , 4 1 6 , 4 1 7Lindsay , S irJohn, 2 28, 2 30

Col . , 33 1

Linga-raja of Kurg, 2 95, 3 1 5Lingtu, S ikk im , 4 1 8

Linhares , Conde de , 83Linschoten, John Huygen, 49 , 5 1 , 59Litt le, Capt . , 2 64Li tt leton, Mr, 1 2 6 , 1 2 9

S ir Edward , 1 42 , 1 43, 1 47- 1 49Lockhart , General S ir Wi l l iam S . A . ,

423. 426. 430

Logari tribes , 403Lohagadh fort , 1 1 4LoharChakk , of Kashmi r , 49London Com pany ofMerchants , 6 1 , 74,

75. 83. 86. 90 . 98. 1 0 3. 1 0 6.1 2 0 7 1 2 59 1 34, 1 4 1 4 44, 1 5 1

Longden, S irJames Robt. , 395Lope, Suarez , 8Lord , Henry , 73Lorena, Bernardo José de, 2 90 , 30 5Louet , Mons . , 2 1 6Loui s X I I I . of France, 72Low , General S irJohn, 335, 356

General S ir Robert C. , 4 1 5Lowther, Mr , 1 73Lucas , S irGervase, 1 1 1

Lucknow,—Lakhnau, 2 1 , 1 00 ,

2 23. 2 72 . 2 76. 335. 36 1-

365.

367, 369 , 42 I

Ludh iana, 1 88, 2 96 , 330 , 336 , 347, 362 ,

388

Lud low , Major, 30 2Ludov ico di Varthema, 7Lugard, General S ir Edward , 370 , 37 1

I NDEX .

Lumsden, General S ir Peter S . , 4 1 0

Lt‘i shais, see Kt

'

i k is.

Lush ington, Mr, 2 1 9Stephen Rumbol d, 323

Lyal l , S irAl fred C. , 399 , 4 1 8

S irJames B . , 4 1 6

Lytton, Edward R . Bul wer, Lord , 394,397

ACAO. 33. 96. 97. 2 94. 345Macartney , George, Ear l of,247, 2 5 1 3 2 53, 2 56 , 2 57, 2 74

Macassar, 1 45, 1 48M‘Cab e, Robert B lair, 426Macaulay , Col . , 2 92

Thomas B . , Lord , 33 1M‘Cask i ll , General S irJohn, 34 1M‘Causland, Col . , 369Macdonal d , Major, 389

Mr, 42 2Macdonne l l , S irAntony P .

, 42 1

Macdowal l , Lieut. -General S irAndrew ,

Col . , 30 5, 320

Macgregor, General S ir Charles M . ,

40 5Major-General S ir George H . , 340

Machai peak , 384, 423Machari ,—Alwar, 2 99Macintosh , S irJames, 2 86M‘I ntyre, Capt . , 2 79Mackenz ie, S irAlexander, 42 2 , 426

Capt. Col in, 424Col . Humberston, 249Lieut . K . J . , 42 1

Maclagan, Lieut . , 349Maclaine, Capt . , 40 5Macleane, Mr, 239Macleod , S irDonal d F . , 386

Brig -General Norman, 25 1 , 2 52Macnab, Lieut . , 42 5Macnaghten, S irWi l l iam Hay, 336-339Macpherson, General S ir Herbert T. ,

4O I'

4O3’ 4 1 5S irJohn, 2 56-2 57Major Samuel C. , 344Lieut . , 354Col . , 423

M‘Queen, General S ir John W . , 4 1 9 ,

42 2

Macrae, Jam es , 1 66, 1 69Madagascar, 97Madakkara i sland , 1 1 4, 1 74Madan Pal of Karaul i , 356

S ingh , Kota, 31 8, 33 1Madanpur, 370Madhapolem , 1 46 , 2 03

I NDEX .

Madgiri , batt le, 2 64Madhav or Madhu S ingh of Jaypur

,

1 83, 1 87, 2 1 5, 2 26 , 242

S ingh of Bt'

iridi , 85S ingh of Kota, 8 1 3 1 8

Madhavj i Bhonsla, 1 99 , 2 52 , 2 56, 2 59 ,2 60

Madhavrav I . , Peshwa, 2 2 6, 2 29 , 23 1I I . , 2 64, 2 70G aikwad, 1 72

Fadnav is, 330

S ind ia, 2 1 7, 2 1 8, 2 2 1 , 2 2 3, 242 ,243

Madhu Sudan Datta,poet, 353

Madhuk éri , —Mercara, Kurg, 33 1Madras, 89 , 9 1 , 92 , 94, 95, 99 , 1 00 ,

1 04, 1 1 0- 1 1 2 , 1 2 0

- 1 2 2 , 1 2 4, 1 2 5,1 2 7. I 2 9 . 1 3 1

' 1 37. I 39' 1 4 1 . I 43.

1 45, 1 46 , 1 50 , 1 65- 1 68, 1 82 - 1 84,

1 86 , 1 89 , 1 94, 1 97, 2 0 1 , 2 0 5,2 0 8, 2 1 0 , 2 1 3, 2 1 6 , 2 1 7, 2 2 7230 . 2 35. 2 38. 240 . 244-246.249 7 2 62 : 2 659 2 67,2 70 , 2 72

' 2 7Sa 2 79 , 2 99 3

30 1 , 3 1 9 , 32 2 , 334,

340 . 342 . 350 . 355. 358. 360 .

380 . 388. 392 . 393. 395. 396.

4 1 3. 4 1 5. 42 1 . 42 5. 426

Madrasa at Calcutta, 248Madre de D ios , ” sh ip , 55

Madune Pandar, Colombo, 2 6 , 75Madura, 1 6 , 1 8, 2 0 , 2 2 , 2 5, 37, 40 , 46 ,

63, 8 1 , 92 , 1 0 6 , 1 2 8, 1 35,1 48, 1 77, 1 92 , 1 98

-2 0 0,2 0 2

,2 04,

2 0 5, 2 1 0 , 2 1 5, 2 2 0 , 2 2 1 , 2 53, 349Maetsuyeker, Capt . , 97Magad i , Mai sur

, 9 1

Magdala, Abyssinia, 384Magh ch ief, 9 1Magrath , Lieut . , 424Maguire, Mr, 2 1 6Mah Chuchakk Begam , 36, 4 1

Mahabaleshwar h i l l , 32 5Mahabat Khan, 66 , 69 , 79

-82 , 87, 1 1 5Maha Bandula, Burman general , 3 1 8

32 0

Maha-DhammaRaja of Burma, 64, 66 ,

70 . 83MahaDhammaRaja D ibata, 1 73Maha-Pawara Dhamma Raja of Prom ,

MahaThannada, of Burma, 2 55Mahad , treaty, 2 7 1Mahadavji orMaloj i Gaikwad, 1 73

S india, 2 2 9 , 24 1 , 242 , 246 , 2 50 ,

2 55. 2 56. 2 68. z 73Mahadanda Bo, Arakan, 1 53Mahar riv . , 2 0 2

Maharaj pur, batt le, 344

459

Mahatadittu, the Khatri , 2 7Mahbub‘A li Khan, N izam , 385

Khan ‘Abdul Nab i , Kashmi r, 1 6 1Mahd i sect, 32Mahdi Ja‘far, 69 read‘Abdul lah Khan

Firuz JangMahé, 1 9 , 1 66 , 1 78, 2 1 6, 24 1 , 242 , 30 5,

3 1 2

Mahendra S ingh , of Patiala, 378, 394Mahesh Datt , 2 56Maheshasur,

—MaisurorMysore, 1 9Maheshwar, 33 1Mahfuz (Muhafiz ) Khan, 1 85, 1 86, 1 92 ,

1 97-2 00 , 2 04, 2 0 5, 2 1 0

Mahi riv . , 1 74, 244Mahim , 1 0 , 1 32 , 1 33, 1 76

- 1 78, 354Mahi p Narayan Bahadur, 247Mah i pat Ram ,

rebel , 2 9 1Mah im—idBaiqara of Gujarat , 2 -5, 9 , 1 1 ,

2 0 , 2 5, 2 6

I I I . , of Gujarat , 2 7, 30 , 3 1Mah in i

'

id of Bhakkar, 34Durani Shah , 2 78, 2 8 1Gh i l zai , 1 64, 1 66

Khan Lod i of Bengal , 2 1 , 2 6, 2 7Khan, Galna, 86Khan, Kabul , 2 82Khan Langah , of Mul tan, 6 , 1 9Shah I I . Nas ir Khan

,of Gujarat ,

2 0

Shah I I . Bahmani , 2 -

4, 6, 7, 91 3, 1 6

Shah I I . Khalj i , 1 1 - 1 6, 2 2Shah , Harat , 2 67Shah , Qandahar, 2 92Shah , Saduzai , of Harat, 325

Mahul i , 1 1 4Mahfidra, 374Maidan, Afghanistan, 34 1 , 40 2 , 4 1 9Maihar , 368Mai lapur, 3 1 , 1 0 1 , 1 1 6

Mainpuri , 368Maior, Ph i l ippe de Valadores Souto,

2 35Maissin, Mons . , 1 97, 1 99Maisur , —Mysore, 1 8, 33, 4 1 , 45, 47,

48. 56. 68. 90 . 9 1 . 94. 1 2 0 . 1 3 1 .1 7 1 , 1 73, 1 97, 1 99 , 2 1 0 , 2 1 5,2 1 6

)2 24, 2 2 77 2 5 1 , 2 52 9 2 59 ,

2 60 , 2 70 , 2 75, 2 76 , 2 78, 2 89 ,2 90 . 2 98. 2 99 . 326. 32 7. 343.

42 1

Maithana h i l l , 430Maiwand, 40 4

-

40 6

Majaul i , 368Majendie, Lieut . I I . G . , 42 1

Makar,batt le, 4 1 7

Mak in, 430

Makhdum ‘A l i , 2 1 3

460 I N DEX .

Makka,—Mecca, 1 2 , 30 , 3 1 , 33. 39 , 56 ,I 37. I 47. 30 5

Makwanpur, 304Malabar, 38, 40 , 49 , 1 0 6, 1 1 8, 1 1 9 , 1 2 7,

1 43. 1 45. 1 46. 1 48. 2 24. 2 50 .

Malacca, 1 1 , 1 5, 1 8, 2 0 , 40 , 45-

47, 53,63. 72 . 84. 87. 9 2 . 93. 1 47.

Malagarh, 366Malair-kot la, 388Malaun, 30 3Malay , 1 9 , 80 , 97, 3 1 8, 32 8, 393Malcolm , S ir Charles, 334

General S irGeorge, 372S ir John, 2 74, 2 77, 2 92 , 2 96 ,

Mal da, 1 20 , 1 39 , 1 46

Mal dev Rao of Marwar, 2 3, 46Mal d ive ch ief, 96Mal har-rav Gaikwad I . , 280 ; H . , 386 ,

389-

392

Holkar, 1 76- 1 78, 1 97,2 24I I . , 2 98, 330Tukaji Holkar, 2 72

Khuni , Ahmadabad , 1 87Puar of Dhar, 330Rastia, 2 2 9

Mal igaon, 3 1 1

Mal irav Holkar, 2 24Mal ik Achh i , Kashm ir, 2 5Mal ik ‘Ambar, Habsh i , 64, 66-69 , 72

A yaz of D ia, 9 , I 7, 1 8, 2 0

J iwan, Barozai , 1 0 5Tokan, Dabho l , 48, 49

Mal ka fort , 379Malkandi , Ori ssa, 87Mal khed , 1 1 7, 1 2 9Mal leson, Col . George Bruce, 384Maloji Bhonsla, 57Mal l i

'

i‘Ad i l Shah , of Bijapi

'

ir, 24, 52

Malodh fort , Sarhind, 388Mal ta, 396Mal tby , Edward , 379Mal tan pass, 370Malval l i , batt le, 2 75Malvana, Ceylon, 86

Mal wa, 1 5, 1 6 , 2 2 -24, 35, 38-

40 , 44,

54, 56 , 6 1 , 1 48, 1 60 ,1 66 , 1 70 ,

1 72 , 1 74, 1 75, 1 80 , 1 8 1,

1 83,246 , 2 78, 2 82 , 2 86, 2 98, 30 9 ,

332

Malwan,2 2 3

Malwat,—Malot , fort , 1 9Mal wan, 32 1

Mama sah ib , G wal iar, 342 , 344Mama-khel , batt le, 34 1

Manaar, -Mannar, 56 , 1 0 4Manaharda h i l l , 383Manaj i A ngria, 1 74, 1 75, 1 78

G ai kwad, 2 60 , 2 6 1 , 2 67Morar, 1 57

Manakadana, 4 1 9Manakj i , Tanjor, 1 94, 1 96 , 1 97, 2 0 7Manalgarh, 53Manappadu, Tinnevel i , 97Man S ingh of G wal iar, 5, I 5

S ingh of Am ber, 52 , 54, 56, 63,64

S ingh of Jalaur, 2 67S ingh of Jodhpur , 2 67, 2 84, 2 90 ,

S ingh of Narwar, 372 -

374Manaul i d ist . , 32 2Manbh i

'

im Choars, 328Mandalé , Burma

, 383, 384, 392 , 393,

398. 40 0 . 40 7-

40 9 . 4 1 1-

4 1 6. 420

42 2 . 42 5. 42 9Mandangarh fort , 2 2 0Mandasor, 1 7, 30 9 , 367Mand i l d ist . , 1 24Mandla d ist . , 1 8 1Mandlésar, 331

Manda, 1 2 - 1 5, 2 2-24, 72 , 74, 80 , 83

Mandv i , 2 95, 2 96Mangal S ingh ofAl war, 39 1 , 426Mangal i

'

i r,2 2

, 35, 38, 74, 1 1 5, 1 48, 2 2 6 ,246 , 2 733 2 74 ) 2 79

Mangamal of Madura,1 28, 1 35, 1 48

Mangrt’

i l, batt le, 3 1 5

Mani Begam , of Mursh idabad , 23 1Manieravare, Ceylon, 86

Manik Chand Seth , 2 0 1Manik patam ,

Orissa, 283Manipur, 2 1 8, 3 1 3, 3 1 8

-

32 0 , 32 2 , 330 ,

3459 3547 400 ,

Manjakuppam ,Kt

'

idal ii r, 1 85Manjéri , 353Mankarwal , batt le, 421\ I ankot, siege, 36Manning, Thom as , 2 98Mannfir d ist .

,2 67

Manor, 36 , 1 70 , 1 76

Manora, 70

Manohar S ingh , of Narwar, 3 1 1Manohargarh , 3 1 3, 3 1 4Manpur, A l i -Raj pur, 40 8Manrique, friar, 93Mansfield , S irWi l l iam , Lord Sandl iurst,

Mansion House rel ief fund , 390 , 396

Manson, Mr, 37 1

Mansurgarh fort , 84Manucci , Venet ian physician, 98

Manuel , K ing of Portugal , 1 8

Manwain, 392

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462 I NDEX .

Mel v i l le, Henry Dundas, I st V iscount ,2 67

Membo, Abor fort , 42 9Mendat, Burmese prince, 4 1 6, 4 1 7Mendoca, André Furtado de, 67, 68Joao de, 4 1

Menez es, Archb ishop A lex is de, 58, 60 ,6S

D iogo de, 48Duarte de, 1 7, 1 9 , 52 , 54Fernao Tel les de, 50D om Franci sco de, 72Francisco de Cunha e, 2 57, 2 66,268

Henrique de, 1 9 , 2 0Joao da S i lva Tel lo de, 93D om Lui z de, Conde de Ericeira,

D om Martinho da S i lveira de, 1 70Vasco Fernandez César de, 1 54, I 58Vaso Guedes de Carval ho e, 42 0 ,

42 2

MengKhamaungofArakan, 64, 69 , 79Mengdun Meng of Burma, 357, 392 ,

4 1 4. 4 1 6

MengRadzagyi , ofArakan, 69Mengraja—Salim Shah , 62Merchant Adventurers’ Company , 1 0 1 ,

1 0 3Mergui , 3 1 8, 32 07726 7 16 sacrifices , 349 , 350Merv , Persia, 40 9 , 4 1 1Metcal fe, S ir Charles Theoph i lus, 2 92 ,

30 8. 3 1 5. 32 1 . 332-

334Methwol d , Mr, Surat , 89 , 90Mewar, 1 6 , 2 5, 2 6 , 43, 46 , 52 , 60 , 1 73 ;

(on 1 87 read Jaypur)Mewat , 2 66, 2 68Mhau, 363Mherwara, 3 1 6 , 333M ianganj , 369M iani , batt le, 343M ichel , Fiel d -Marshal S ir John, 373M ichelborne, S ir Edward , 64Michni fort , 355, 389Midagesi fort , 1 47M iddleton,

D . , 65Lord Francis, 1 2 7S ir Henry , 64, 68, 69Nathaniel , 249B ishop Thomas F . , 304, 31 1 , 31 5,

31 6

M idnapur, 1 85, 2 1 4M ihrab Khan of Kalat , 336M i l denhal l , John, 6 1 , 63, 7 1

M i l ler, Major-General Wi l l iam H . , 366

M i l lman, Col . , 370

M i lne, Capt. , 354Minakshi Ammal of Madura, 1 74, 1 8 1

M inbu, 4 1 6 , 42 1M ingyan teak forests, 4 1 1 , 4 1 2M inh la, 4 1 3-

4 1 6

M into, S irG i lbert E l l iot , I st Earl , 289 ,Mir‘Abdul Rashi d , author, 1 00‘

A bdul lah ofAfghanistan, 1 57A fzal ud-din of Surat , 34 1‘A li

, Goa, 1 0‘A l i Murad Khan of Khairpur, 343Asad , Karnatak , 1 79 , 1 8 1Habi b

,1 8 1 , 1 9 1

Hasan, poet , 2 57Husain

, adm iral , 1 0Husain, Qandahar, 1 64, 1 75Jum la—M ir Muhammad Sai d

,

Mu‘az zam Khan, 99 , 1 0 1 , 1 0 2,

1 0 5- 1 0 9 , 1 1 1 , 1 1 4, 1 1 8

Kasim ,see Qasim ‘A l i Khan.

Mahm i’

i d ofAfghanistan, 1 57, 1 58,1 64

Mahm i'

id Khan of Kalat, 42 8Manna—Mfi

‘in ul -Mul k Rustam

H ind , 2 0 3Mausam Khan, 40 9Mughal , Haidarabad , 2 1 7Phi

’

i lwari,see Najm ud-daula

Qutb ud-din, Surat , 2 2 0Shahdad Khan, S indh , 342Sher Muhammad of M irpur, 342 ,343

Vai s , Gh i lzai , 1 52 - 1 54, 1 57M ira Wakar, Shaikh , 3 1 4M iraj , 1 43M iran-M ir Muhammad sad iq , 204,

M iran Husain N izam Shah , 54Mubarak Khan Fari' iqi I I . , 2 6, 39 ,42

Muhammad Shah Fart'

iqi I . , 1 6 ,2 5, 26 ; I I . , 42

M iranda, Fernao de, 50M iranpur Katra

,battle, 235

M i ranzai Mul las, 423M irkhond, h istorian, 1 7M irpur

, 343M irta, 1 40 , 1 62

M i rzaGhaz i Beg, 65Hakim ‘Askari , 50‘I saTurkhan, 35Jan. 99Jawan Bakht—Shah ‘Alam H . ,

2 1

KamfgarKhan, author, 85Khan, see

‘A bdul Rahim

Mehd i , 2 04Muhammad‘A l i—A lahwirdi Khan,9 .

Muhammad Baq i , 52

I N DEX .

M i rzaMuhammad Hak im , 4 1 , 42 , 52

Muhammad Khuda-banda, 67Mul i , Nawab , 98Shahrukh , 56Sulaiman of Badakhshan, 4 1

M irzas, 4 1 , 45

M i rzapur , 2 98, 2 99Mirzeo, Kanara, 1 2 2M issions, Christian, 1 40 , 1 4 1 , 1 49 , 1 6 1

1 67 ; 1 9 1 , 1 98

M itchel l , Arthur Forbes , 2 79M iyan A chan, of Surat , 2 20

Manju, 58, 64Mogaung, 40 9 , 4 1 8

Mohamdi , 37 1

Mohamra, batt le, 36 1Mohan Prasad , 237

.S ingh , 368

Moh ite chief, 3 1 5Mohkam S ingh , Kunwar, 1 49Mohmands, 355, 40 2

Mokand S ingh of Kota, 1 03, 1 04Mokha, 76 , 82 , 1 1 0 , 1 39Molucca i slands , 8, 2 2 , 24, 40 , 47, 76Momaiu, 384Mombasa, I 39Momeit, 42 2

Mom in Khan I . , 1 68 ; 1 76- 1 78,1 80 , 1 83, 1 99 , 2 0 5

Khan I I I . , of Khamhay , 2 2 9 , 230Momna, I sma

‘i liah sect , 1 34

Mondhis or S atnam is, 1 1 7Money , Col . El l iot A lexr. , 40 1

Wm . Taylor, 32 6Mongir, I 7, 2 7, 36 , 1 84, 2 1 8, 2 1 9Monomotapa, 45Mori son, Col . the Hon. G e0 . , 2 1 3, 2 1 4,

233. 2 36. 2 39C0 1 . Wi l l iam , 2 83, 2 86

Montague, Edmond , 1 52Monteath, Col . , 339Montgomery , Major, 365Montresor, Col . , 2 9 1Moore, Major, 2 1 3Moracin, Mons. , 2 1 1Moraes Carneiro, Joaquim Antonio de,

334Morar, 372Morarirav of G i

’

i ti , 1 80 , 1 82 , 1 94-1 96,

Morasa, 1 8

Morbudh fort, 96Morehead , Wi l l iam A .

, 376Moreira, ThomeGomez , 1 72Morgan, Capt . , 2 83Mornington, Earl of, see Wel lesleyMoroba Phadnav is, 24 1

Moro Pant Pingla, 1 1 5, 1 1 8, 1 1 9 , 1 23,1 24

463

Morris , S ir John Henry , 40 1Morrison, John, 2 32

Cornet , 30 7, 3 1 0General , 320

Morse, N icho las , 1 83Mortandi Chavad i—D upleixpettai , 1 83Morung, 2 92Mostyn, Thomas , 23 1Mounteney, Nathaniel , 89Mozambique, 1 2 1 , 39 1 , 392Ma fort , Kangra, 93Muar fort , 1 5Mu‘az z am , Sul tan, see Muhammad

Mu‘az zamMubarik Khan Lohani , 39

ud-daula, of Bengal , 2 28, 2 67

Mubariz Khan S t' tr, 33Khan, Haidarabad , 1 64, 1 66ul -Mulk , I 6

Mudaji Bhonsla, 2 33, 246-248Mudgiri , 23 1

Madkal , 2 1M i

’

i dk i , batt le, 346Mughal s . 2 0 . 44. 49. 50 . 55-58. I 29

1 33, 1 76- 1 78, 1 88, 2 20

Muhabat Khan, Khan Khanan, 87Muhabbat Khanj i of Junagadh , 40 7Muhafiz Mahfi

'

i z ) Khan, 1 85Muhammad portrai t riots , 355, 39 1

Shah ofKashm ir, 3, 8, 9 , 2 5Shah

‘A d i l , 33-36‘A d i l Shah S ul tan, 82 , 85, 1 00

,

A kbar Khan, 34 1

A kbar, prince, 1 60A lamgir I I . , 1 97, 2 0 3, 2 0 5, 2 0 9 ,2 1 2 , 2 1 5‘A l i , Nawab Walajah , 1 90 -1 93,1 95

- 1 97, 20 2 , 20 4, 20 5, 2 20 , 2 2 6 ,

‘A l i Khan, Roh i la, 2 68, 2 69‘A li Khan of Tonk , 378, 379 , 38 1 ,383‘A l i Khan, author, 2 78‘A li Shah of Audh , 335‘A li Shah of Persia

, 334, 335Am i n, author, 82Amin Khan, Kabul , 1 1 1 , 1 1 4, 1 1 8,

1 2 1

Am in Khan, Vaz i r, 1 52 , 1 58, 1 62A‘zam , prince, 1 2 1 , 1 24, 1 46, 1 48A‘zam Khan of Kashmi r

, 2 95Bahadur Shah see BahadurBedar Bakht , prince, 1 48Beg, Hamadani , 2 50 , 256, 2 58Ghaus, Shaikh , 36Had i , Kartalab Khan, 1 44Haj i Khan of Bahawal pur, 357Hakim M irza, 48

464 I NDEX .

Muhammad Hasan, 368, 370 , 372

Husain M irzaof Kabul , 9Husain M irza, Sambhal , 4 1Husain Khan, S irdar, 40 2Ibrahim ,

prince, 1 62Ibrah im ‘A li Khan of Tonk

, 383I sma‘i l of Jaura, 38 1‘I waz , Muft i , 304Jan Wardak

, 40 2 , 40 3Khan, author , 2 2 9Khan,

Ahmadnagar, 59Khan of Kadappa, 1 9 1

Khan of Kohat , 351Khan of Bhopal , 346 , 350 , 359Khan Bangash , 1 68- 1 70 , 1 72

Khan S fl r. 30 . 33. 35Mu‘az zam ,

Bahadur Shah I . , 1 0 2 ,

1 2 7. 1 2 9 . 1 30 , I 34. I 37 ; 1 49‘

I S3. I 57' 1 60

Mu‘az z im , Orissa, 1 80

Muhabbat Khan Babi , 2 0 6Qasim Khan, Mir-Bahr, 54Qasim , wri ter, 1 3 1Quli Qutb Shah , 50 , 54, 69Reza Khan, A rkat , 2 20 , 2 2 2 , 23 1 ,2 33

Sad iq , 1 31saki Musta-idd Khan, author

,

I S3Shah I I . , of Bengal , IShah I I I . , of Gujarat , 34Shah , Sul tan,

1 60 - 1 62 , 1 64, 1 65,1 73, 1 77, 1 8 1

,1 86 , 1 88 ; 2 24,

2 2 9 , 2 60

Shah , Afghan, 34 1Turkhan, 1 8

Zaman M irza, 24Yasuf, 1 97, 2 0 0 , 2 0 2 , 2 04, 20 5,2 0 7-2 1 0 ,

2 2 0 , 2 2 1

Muh i -ul -M i l lat—Jahangi r I I . , 2 1 2Muir, S irVl

’

i ll iam , 39 1

Col . , 246

M i

'

i‘iz ud-din Jahandar Shah , Sul tan,

I S4Mfi‘iz ul -Mulk , Gujarat , 95Mukand Deva of Ori ssa, 42Mukandwara pass , 2 86M t

’

i k -arasu—Kanthi rava raja, 1 47Mukarram Khan, Bengal , 8 1Mukhtar Khan, Gujarat , 1 26, 1 30

Mukhtrav—Jankuj irav S ind ia, 32 2Mukwais, 1 24Mulakot state , 39Mulbagal , 2 26 , 2 2 7Mulhér, 9 1

Mulk Murjan,2 3

Mulkapur, batt le, 67mulkgz

’

rz’ taxat ion, 2 9 1

Mul laHusain, Kabul , 336, 337Muhammad ‘A li of A thva, 1 7 1 ,1 72

Mushk -i -‘Alam , Gh i lzai , 40 9

Pawanda, 430Sh i‘ah Ahmad , 53

Mulraj , Mul tan, 350 -

353Mul tan, 6 , 1 9 , 2 0 , 1 04, 1 1 3, 2 66, 350

353. 373Mumtaz Mahal l , Nawab ‘Al ia Begam ,

76. 85Munden, Capt . , 1 1 7Mungh i -Paitan, 37, 1 79Mun‘im Khan,

—Khan Khanan, 36 , 46,47

Khan, Khan Khanan, 1 53Khan, Surat , 1 55, 1 56, 1 68

Muni r Muhammad Khan of Bhopal ,3 1 3. 323

Muni r ul -Mulk—Chandu Lal , 2 93, 328,,

343Munk i rru, 1 84Munro, General S ir Hector, 2 1 7, 2 2 1 ,

Col . John, 2 93, 2 97S irThomas , 3 1 4, 32 2

rll zm ta/e/zall ut Tawari /dz, 59 ; 31 2

Muqarrab Khan - Shaikh Hassan, 67,

72 . 78

Khan, 1 32

Murad , Sul tan, 56 , 58 60‘A li , S indh , 2 80Bakhsh , prince, 94, 95- 1 0 1 , 1 0 3,1 04, 1 0 6, 1 0 7

Murray, Col . , 2 86

Mursh id Qul i Ja‘far Khan, 1 45, 1 47,1 50 , 1 59 , 1 62 , 1 80 , 1 8 1

Mursh idabad , 1 45, 1 47, 1 49 , 2 0 3, 2 04,2 0 7, 2 1 3, 2 1 4, 2 1 9 , 2 23, 2 28,230 , 2 3 1 , 233, 2 36 , 2 66 , 3 1 9 ,

390

Murtaza‘A l i Khan of Vé l i'

ir, 1 82 , 1 84,1 95, 20 5, 2 0 9

N izam Shah , 4 1 , 44, 54, 66 , 84,85

Musa-khe l Patans, 40 9 , 4 1 0Musl im riot s , 355, 4 1 5MustafaKhan, 1 84

Ram i , 2 2Mustafanagar, 2 0 4M i

’

iswé Khan,—F itrat, 1 33

Mutta Krishnappa, 63Virappa, 67

Muzaffar Beg, 2 0 7, 2 0 9Husain, M irza, Safawi , 58Husain, author, 2 24Jangof Arkat, 1 88- 1 92 , 1 96Khan-i -Turbati , Khwajah , 49Shah I I . of Gujarat , 1 1 -20

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466 I N DEX .

Nathdwara, 3 1 5Native Educat ion Society , 3 1 7

magi strates , 33 1NatshengofTaungu, 68, 69N aungdoagyi of Burma

, 2 1 3, 2 20

N au N ihal S ingh , Lahor, 338Naushahr, 2 94Naushahra, 3 1 7, 32 2 , 36 1 , 362Naval S ingh of Bharatpur, 2 34Naval Brigade, 366 , 367Navarro, M r, 1 32

Nawabganj , batt le, 372Nawanagar, 54, 77, 92 ; 1 0 9Nayak of Kashm ir , 32 , 33Nayars , 1 0 7, 2 92Naz ar‘A l i Khan, Bharoch , 1 34

Muhammad Khan of Balkh , 95,96

Muhammad Khan of Bhopal , 304,3 1 3

Nazarabad ,—Maisfir, 2 59Naz irKhan of Khairpur

, 342

Naz ir ud-din, Surat , 2 74, 2 77N é WengBureng, 32 1N edham , Mr, 1 2 6N egambo, Ceylon, 92 , 94, 2 70

Negapatam ,—Nagapattan, 1 0 5, 1 0 6 ,

1 80 , 1 86, 2 06 , 248, 249 , 2 5 1 ,

377Negrai s , Burma, 1 99 , 2 0 3, 2 1 1Nei l ] , Brig -General James G . S . , 362 ,

364-

366

Neko-siyar Sul tan, prince, 1 60N el ikotta, 1 98

N el lor,—N el i'

i r, 20 2 , 2 0 7, 395Nepal , 2 2 5, 2 28

,230 , 2 65, 2 72 , 2 82 ,

285. 300-

30 3. 30 5. 330 . 338. 343.

346. 353. 368. 373. 42 2

Nepal Tarai , 2 2 5, 374Nepean. S ir Evan, 2 99Neri dakai ti , 399Nestorians, 1 43N eutim ,

or N ivti , fort , 1 86,1 98, 2 59 ,

Newa fort , 3 1 2N ewb erie, John, 5 1Ngyaungbengzaik , 32 0

N iamat-ul lah , author, 70N icholas , Mr, 70N ichol s, Mr, judge, 1 1 7, 1 1 9 , 1 2 1N ichol l s, General S ir Jasper , 30 2 , 304,

340

N ichol son, Adm iral , 1 2 9Brig -General John, 351 , 362 , 364366

N icote, —Ph. de Brito , 62 , 64, 68-70N ieva, D om Antonio Taviera da, 2 2 1N ihal S ingh of Kapi

'

i rthala, 356S ingh of Dhol pur, 390

N ihangKhan,A hmadnagar, 6 1

N ikapeti , S inghalese, 74N ikobar islands , 349N 27 D mpan , drama , 376

N i lgiri state, Orissa, 1 26N i lt fort , 424N imghat, 30 8

N im la, battle, 2 96N ipendra Narayan of K i' tch B ihar , 378N ira riv . , 1 32

N iv ti fort , 1 86 , 1 98, 2 59 , 2 99 , 3 1 2N izam ‘A l i Khan of Haidarabad , 2 06 ,

2 0 7, 2 1 7, 2 1 8, 2 2 0 , 2 2 2 -2 26 , 23 1 ,2437 2 55, 2 57, 2 59 : 26 1 9 2 63

"

2 65, 2 68, 2 69 , 2 7 1 , 2 73-2 76 , 2 78,

N izam Khan SM , 33N izam Shah , 74N izam ud-din A hmad , h i storian , 54

ud-din Khan, Surat , 2 65, 2 74, 2 76 ,2 77

ul -Mul k Ahmadabad , 1 3ul -Mul k , 2 1 , 2 5ul -Mul k

, 83, 90

ul-Mulk , ‘Asaf Jah , 1 55, 1 60 , 1 6 1 ,1 63, 1 66, 1 68, 1 7 1 , 1 75, 1 76 ,1 78

- 1 85, 1 88 ; 1 89 , 1 92 , 1 94,2 1 0 , 2 1 7

ul -Mul k , Ch itral , 426 , 42 7, 430N izamat‘Adalat courts , 2 66N i zamat Fund

, 358

N izam patam ,68, 1 1 7, 1 2 2 , 1 46 , 1 92 ,

20 9N oagong, Arakan, 3 1 9Nong-k lao, Kasia, 32 5Nong-spung state, Kasia, 325Norman, Ch ief Justice John Pax ton,

387Lieut . -General S ir Francis B.

,

Noronha, Affonso da, 32D om Affonso de, 78Antonio de, 4 1 , 42 , 45, 5 1D om Constant ine de Sae , 84D iogo de, 33Fernando de, 33Francisco de, 83D om Garcia de, 2 7D om Lourenco de, 1 83D om Pedro Antonio de, Conde deVi l la Verde, 1 35, 1 4 1

Norris , John, 87, 88

S irW i l l iam , 1 42- 1 45

Judge, 40 8North , Lord Frederick , 247

The Hon. Frederick , 2 74Northbrook , Thomas G . Baring, Earl

onNorth -West front i er, 345

I NDEX .

Noton, Capt . , 3 1 8Nott , Major-General S irWi l l iam , 338

342

NM Jahan Begam , 8 1 -83, 95N i

’

irMuhammad , Afghan, 395NM S ingh of Manipur, 345, 354N i

'

irpur fort , 93N usting, 325N uttal , Maj -General S irJames M . , 387Nwengal Ch ins , 42 7Nyaung Ram Mengof Burma, 64N yaungok , Burmese prince, 404Nyaungywe

'

, 4 1 6

AKLEY , S ir Charles , 265, 268Ochterlony, Major-General S irDavid

,2 87, 2 93, 30 2

-

30 4, 32 0

Ogh i , Hazara, 384Oghz lu Sultan, 63Okhamandal , 30 4, 3 1 4 , 383Okpho, battle, 428Ok tama, dakai t, 4 1 6 , 42 1

O lala,or U l lala, Malabar

, 35, 42

Onau, Audh , 364 , 366Op ium Comm i ssion, 42 9Orakzai s

, 42 3, 424Orangal ,

—Warangal , 1 4, 1 5 1Orissa. 36. 42 . 47-

49. 51 . 56. 59 . 79 .80 , 87, 1 0 2 , 1 39 , 1 73, 1 79 , 1 80 ,

2 32 , 2 83, 2 86 , 30 5, 38 1 , 383Ormuz , 8, 1 3, 1 4, 1 8, 2 9 , 32 , 33, 5 1 ,

52 , 78, 80 , 1 33Oruzghan Hazaras , 42 6O sborne, Col . W . , 368

Ostend E . I . Company , 1 56 , 1 58, 1 631 65, 1 67, 1 68, 1 70

Oudh , see AudhOuseley, S irGore, 2 96Outram ,

Lieut . -General S irJames , 32 1 ,342 . 345. 359 -

36 1 . 366-

369Oxinden, S ir George, 1 0 2 , 1 0 8, 1 0 9 ,

1 1 2

S ir Henry , 1 1 8, 1 2 1

ACEM , state, 1 6 , 1 8

Pacheco, Duarte de, 7Pach im ,

Sumatra, 1 7Padanpal l i , 33 1

Padapatam fort , 59Padra, 386Padrou, Antonio del , 3 1Pagan , 32 1 , 420

Pagan Mengof Burma, 355,Paghman, batt le, 40 2Pahang, Malacca, 1 8

Pai tan, or Paithan, 37Paiwar pass , 398Pakokku, 4 1 3 , 4 1 6Palakol , 287Palampur, Kangra, 387Palandu, Ceylon, 35Palanpur, Gujarat , 1 58, 30 5Palap , 42 7Palari

'

m,1 0 9 , 1 1 2

Palaspé , Konkan, 399Palegars, 1 92 , 1 99 , 2 0 0 , 2 0 2 , 20 9 , 2 1 0 ,

2 1 9 , 2 48, 2 58

Palghat, 2 62 , 2 67Palghatcheri , 2 53Pal ha, Joaquim Garcez , 343, 345Pal iar , 1 31Pal igarh, 1 24Pal ikat (G eldria),—Pul icat , 68, 76 , 79 ,

8 1 , 88 , 99 , 1 2 2 , 247Pal k , S ir Robert , 1 96 , 2 2 0Palmer , Lieut . -General Wi l l iam , 2 73John, C0 . Calcutta , 32 6

W i l l iam , Co . , Haidarabad , 3 1 4,3 1 5, 32 0 , 328

Col . , 340

Pam irs, 428

Palni , 1 47Palosi , 4 1 9Panamal i

,1 3 1

Panchamal , 2 63panchayats , 30 1Pandar, Ceylon , 74Pandharpur treaty , 2 99 , 30 3Pandu riv . , 364Pandya, prince , 63Pangal , Haidarabad , 37, 2 63Panhala fort , 1 0 5, 1 0 6 , 1 1 2 , 1 1 7 , 1 1 8,

Pani pat , 1 9 , 2 1 5, 2 1 6Panjab, I 6 , 4 1 , 47, 60 , 84, 1 0 5,

1 93. 2 1 1.2 25. 2 77. 288. 347.

Panjab Tenancy B i l l , 384Panjaram of Java

, 76

Panjdeh , 4 1 1 , 4 1 4Panj im—N ew G oa

, 1 49 , 395Panna, Bundel khand , 1 87, 2 63Panniar , batt le, 344Pant Sachiv , 1 56 MustafaMaherban ,

3 1 4Pantalayini Kol lam , 4Panwari d ist .

,2 96

Panwel , 246Pap R ai , freebooter , 1 5 1Papanavaram fort , 2 93Papi l lon, Mr , 1 4 1Parakrama Pandya Kulashekara, 5Parashuram Bhau Patwardhan

,240 ,

246, 26 1 , 2 63, 2 64, 2 7 1

468 I NDEX .

Parashuram Bhonsla, 304, 30 5, 30 8

Trimbak , Pratinidhi , 1 34, 1 50Parenda

,Nal durg d ist . , 87

Parijong, 2 98Parikshi t Rao of D atiya, 2 86, 337Parindhar S ingh , Burma, 3 1 6Paris

,Treaty of

,2 20 ; w i th Burmese,

Parker, John, 77Parnala fort , 43, 1 34, 1 44Parsa, Nepal Tarai , 30 2PETS I S , 328, 355, 359 ) 39 1

Paru, Malabar, 7 1Parii r, Malabar, 62Parvati Rani of Travankor, 2 97, 30 2Parwandara, batt le , 338Parwi z

,prince, 66 , 78, 80 , 8 1

Pasachandra, Jaina sect , 1 4Passanha, D om Sebastiao de Andrade,

I 58

Patan—Anhi lwara, 45, 7 1Bandi , 1 46 , 1 83, 2 62

Patani temple, 59Pathri , or Patri , Kandesh, 2 0 , 30 6Patiala. 99. 2 23. 2 89 . 347. 349. 362 .

367. 375Pati ta, 248Pat l i , Mursh idabad d ist . , 2 0 3Patna, 47, 68, 77, 78, 1 04, 1 0 9 , 1 1 0 ,

1 2 0 . 1 2 3. 1 2 9 . 1 45. 1 46. 1 54.1 84, 1 88, 1 9 1 , 2 0 5, 2 0 9 , 2 1 3,2 1 6 , 2 1 7, 2 1 9 , 2 2 1 , 23 1 , 236 ,2 65. 2 66. 2 89 . 2 93. 356. 42 9

Paton,Major, 30 3

Patta, 1 1 5, 1 1 9Patwardhan jagi rdars, 2 99Paul I I . , pope, 2 6 ; I I I . , 37 ; I V.

, 1 0 2

Pawangadh, 244, 2 83Fawara Mahadhamma of Burma, 1 1 5Paya, Jawak i d ist. , 396Payandah Muhammad Tarkhan, 1 8Peach , Col . , 2 2 6peacock throne, 86, 87, 1 78

Pedda Nayyak , 1 0 5Venkatadri , 1 24

Peddapal l i A rjampatnam , N i zampat

nam,68, 75, 1 1 7, 1 2 2 , 1 46 , 1 92 ,

2 0 9Peddapur, 2 0 8Peel , Capt . S irW i l l iam , 366, 367, 37 1

Pegu, 1 6 , 2 7, 40 , 4 1 , 60 , 62 , 1 63, 1 79 ,2 0 1 . 2 0 3. 2 37. 3 1 8. 356. 357

Pei le, S irJames B . , 4 1 1

Pek in, 2 98

Pelerino, Order of the, 31Pel lew , Edward , 2 9 1Pel l y , S ir Lew i s , 392 , 394, 395Pemberton, Capt. Robert B. , 320

Penal Code, 377

Penang island , 2 57, 2 89 , 320 , 32 5Pendari s, 2 95, 2 98-300 , 30 3

-

3 1 0 , 3 1 7Peninsular and Oriental steamers, 342Penlosorgovernors , Bhutan, 42 2

Pennagaram fort , 2 64Pennarriv. , 1 95Penukonda, 42 , 47“ Pepper country , 33 ; contract , 2 66

Peramb t'

i r, 1 52

Pereira, Franci sco, 1 78Francisco Xav ier da S i l va, 342Gonzalo , 24, 42 , 46

Joao,2 5

Joao Vaz , 2 2 1Perez , navigator, 1 4, 1 5Periya Krishnappa, 40 , 46

V irappa, 46

Periyapatna, batt le, 2 75Permakoi l , 2 51

Permanent Revenue Sett lement , 267Perron, General P ierre, 246 , 265, 2 77,

2 79 , 282-2 84

Persia, 63, 72 , 1 3 1 , 1 46, 1 57, 1 58, 1 64,1 86. 2 76. 2 77. 2 92 . 323. 325.

334. 335. 337. 360 . 36 1 . 378.40 6. 4 1 7

treaty w ith , 36 1Pers ian Gul f. 79. 97. 2 96. 31 3.Perumbakam , batt le, 245Peshawar, 1 77, 2 1 1 , 288, 2 92 , 2 94,

31 72 32 2 2 3352 342 , 351 2 355,

359-

36 1 . 366. 394. 395. 397.40 5. 42 8

Peshbolak , 40 8

Peshwas, 2 1 ; 1 24, 1 50 , 1 63, 1 67, 1 98,2 00 , 2 0 1 , 2 1 5

-2 1 7, 2 2 2 , 2 2 6,2 2 7. 243. 244. 246. 247. 260 .

2 6 1.

2 65.2 8 1 , 2 82 , 2 84, 2 86 , 2 98-30 1 ,

30 3. 30 6-

3 1 3,

Pestana, José Ferrei ra, 345, 354, 380Petit , Mr , 1 26Pet lad , 1 58, 337Petrie, Wi l l iam , 2 9 1

Major, 2 70Peyton, Mr, 1 86Phal tan D eshmukh, 31 4Phayre, S irArthur F. , 359 , 4 1 3

General S ir Robert, 389 , 39 1 , 392Mr. 4 1 4

Ph i laur, 347, 348, 36 1 , 362Ph i l ip I I . of Spain, 50Ph i l ippine I slands , 2 1 9Phipps , Hon. Wi l l iam , 1 6 1 , 1 68

Phond sawant 1 52- 1 54, 1 70 , 1 77

I I I . , 2 9 1 , 2 99Phonda fort , 1 8, 1 2 6 , 1 67, 1 8 1 , 2 00 ,

2 1 5, 263Pichard , Ensign, 1 97

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470 I NDEX .

Panamal l i , Chingalpat, 1 36

PM d i st . , 1 2 4

Puragarh—Mahishasur, Mysore, 1 9

Purakkat,—P0 racaud, 2 1

P t'

iran Mal l , Raisin, 2 9Purandhar

,1 1 4, 1 44 , 1 55, 1 56 ,

2 38 , 2 4 1

Purandhar S ingh , A sam , 32 9Puraniya d ist. , 2 1 3, 2 92 , 3 1 4Purenda, 1 0 6

Puri ,—Jagannath Puri , 2 83, 30 6 , 404Purnaya, of Mai sur, 2 52 ,

2 75, 2 76 , 2 98,2 99

Purnem , 2 59 , 2 78

Putakonda, 32 2

Putuppattanam or Kotta, 60

Puz an Myang, Burma, 4 1 5

D AM Khan, 39Qaim Qul i Khan, 1 80

Qamarud-din Khan, 1 62 , 1 88

Qandahar, I 3, 1 4, 1 6 , 57, 58,63, 65, 66 > 78) 79 > 1 52

"

1 55. 1 64. I 7S. 1 76. 1 87. 2 67.

360 , 36 1 , 382 , 384, 40 1-

40 6 , 40 9 ,

Qasim ‘A l i Khan M ir, or Mir Qas im ,

2 1 4, 2 1 6 - 2 1 9 , 2 2 1 , 2 2 2

Bari d Shah I . ,2, 7

Khan of Bengal , 70 , 85, 86

Khan, Mughal general , 1 37Qaz i ‘Abdul lah , Dhaka, 1 54

Faz i lat, Am in, 2 8

Hasan Qazw i n, 57Quarter Sessions , 1 67

Qudsia Begam of Bhopal , 3 1 3, 323,

Queda,—Kedah , 2 57, 2 63, 2 79Quetta or Shal kot , 394, 40 5, 4 1 0 , 4 1 7,

Qui lon, see Kol lamQuinton, James Wal lace, 4 23Qul i Qutb ul -Mul k , 1 2 , 2 9

Qul ij Khan of Kabul , 57Khan A ndajani , 65

Qutb ud-di n Khan,Shaikh Kht' i b t‘i , 65

Qutl t'

i Khan Lohani, 5 1

Qutlugh Khan Afkan, 56

ABATA, Kurg, 33 1

Racho l , 2 5, 1 0 0

Radamau, 370

Rafil es, S irT. S tam ford , 2 97, 3 1 0 , 3 1 2 ,Rafi‘ud-D arjat, 1 60

ud-daula Shahjahan I I . , 1 60ush -Shan, 1 53, 1 62

Raghoba Peshwa—Raghunath -rav , 1 98,2 0 5, 2 1 7, 2 1 8, 2 2 0

, 2 2 1 , 2 23,2 24, 2 26 , 23 1

-2 38, 240 , 2 4 1 , 243,2 55

RaghOJ i Bhonsla I . ,1 78, 1 79 , 1 8 1 - 1 84,

I 9O.I 9S

Bhonsla I I . , 233, 2 7 1 , 2 84. 30 1 ,

304Bhonsla I I I . , 357Pant , 1 70 , 1 75A ngria I I . , 336 , 338

Raghunath D as, 1 93Nayyak of Tanjor, 78

Raghugarh , 2 56Rahatgarh , 368Rah im G ar Muhammad , 372

Shah Khan, A fghan, 1 37, 1 40

Rahim dad Khan,Tarak zai , 358

Raht'

in,battle, 1 5 1

Rai Barél i , 30 5, 3 1 6

Rai Bulchand, trader, 1 2 6Rai S ingh of Bikani r, 44, 45, 86

Rai S ingh of Nawanagar, 1 0 9R aich i

’

ir,6 , I 6 , 2 1 , 2 9 , 376

Raidurg, 2 1 9Raigarh fort , 1 32 , 1 74, 3 1 1

Rai la, Nepal , 30 3ral lways. 346. 357. 360 . 377. 384. 399 .

R aimal Rana or Rajamal la of Mewar,2 , 1 0 ,

I 4R ainsford, Col . , 1 04Raipur Ghat treaty , 289R airi fort , 1 1 8, 1 23, 3 1 2

Raisin fort , 23, 2 9R aj ab/755 7224 era,

1 0 9Rajabul lab , Mursh idabad , 2 0 7Raja-Ram of Ko l hapur, 382 , 386Raja Sah ib of Kanatak , 1 93, 2 1 0Raja S ingh of Bikani r, 2 59

S ingh of Mewar, 1 00 , 1 2 5Rajapur, 90 , 1 1 7- 1 1 9 , 1 36

Vz'

lasa ,poem , 1 0 3

Rajaur , 82Raj endra Pratap Shah i of Husainpur,

387Narayan Kuar of Kuch B ihar, 349S ingh of Pat iala, 394, 395S ingh of Jaintia, 32 9Vikrama Sah of Nepal , 30 5

Rajgarh fort , 1 1 0 , 1 1 2 , 1 2 3, 1 44, 1 47,

30 2 , 366

Raj Guru, Burman, 32 1

Rajkonda, I 2Rai mahal. 47. 1 39. 1 45. 1 46. 1 84. 2 04.

2 1 3Rajmahendri ,

—Rajmandri , 1 95, 204,

Raj pi pla, 5 1 , 2 96 , 3 1 3, 3 1 6

I N DEX .

Raj puts , Raj putana, 2 1 , 2 3, 43, 1 2 2 ,

Raj shah i , 2 28Raju, S inghalese tyrant , 4 1Rak shasbhuvan

,batt le, 2 20

Ramadeva I I I . , Ch ikka, ofChandragiri ,7 1

Rama Kamati , Bombay , 1 59 , 1 6 1Ramaji Pant , 1 98, 2 0 0Rama Raja I . of satara, 1 2 3, 1 32

- 1 34,1 38, 1 40 , 1 42 , 1 43, 1 52 , 1 54

Raja of Satara, 1 89 , 1 98,

Raya of V i jayanagar, 2 9 , 37, 39 ,

Ramchandra Jadav, 200Puar of Dhar, 330Pand i t—Ramchand Pant , 1 34, 1 43Sawant, 1 77, 1 99

Ramdas , 4th S ikh Guru, 50Ram -mohan Rai , 2 63, 30 5, 324, 32 7Ramnagar, 67, 1 1 2 , 1 59 , 247, 338, 351Ramnarayan, B ihar, 1 9 1 , 2 04

Tarkaratna, author, 360Rampa, Godavari d ist . , 399 , 40 5Rampur, R ohi lkhand, 2 68Rampura, Raj putana, 2 86 , 30 9Ram-rai , S ikh , 1 0 5Ram S ingh of Bt

’

i ndi , 3 1 5, 3 1 8S ingh I . of Jaypur

,1 1 2

S ingh I I . of Jaypur, 333S ingh of Jodhpur, 1 95, 2 34S ingh I . of Kota, 1 50S ingh I I . of Kota, 382S ingh of Raj pi pla, 2 96S ingh , S ikh , 351S ingh , K i

’tka rebel , 388Ramoshis,—Ramusi s, 398, 399Ram ri i sland , 2 55Ramu, Arakan, 3 1 8

Ram say , Andrew , 2 59George, 9th Earl of Dal housie, 326

RanaBahadur of Nepal , 2 70 , 2 72 , 2 80 ,

RanaKhan, 260RanaMohan S ingh of Narwar, 3 1 1 , 3 1 2R anadhi ra Kanthirava Narasu of

Maisfi r, 9 1

R anb ir S ingh of Kapi’

irthala, 386

S ingh of Kashmi r, 4 1 2R andatarra, 2 59Randh irS ingh of Bharatpur, 3 1 7

S ingh of Kapt'

irthala, 356, 374R andhula Khan, 90

Ranga Raya of Pennakonda, 47Kri shna Muttu V irappa, 1 2 8, 1 35,1 48

Krishna Nayyak ,1 73

Ranga-Rao , Palegar, Vizagapatam , 20 2

47 1

Rangarav Urekur, Dhar, 244Ranga Raya] of Chandragiri , 9 1 , 93,

Rangna fort , 1 0 6 , 1 50 , 3 1 3, 345Rangoji , agent of Damaj i G aikwad, 1 78Rangpur, 2 98, 3 1 9 , 324R angucharl ia, d iwan, Maisfir, 40 8

l angam 1 99 , 2 37, 2 69 , 2 7 1 , 2 85, 298,2 99 , 3 1 83 3 1 9 , 3542356 , 3689 388,

393, 40 3, 40 79 4 1 0 ) 420 7

42 1 . 42 8-

430

Ranier, Peter, 2 70Ranj it Rao, Calcutta, 2 0 2

S ingh , Bharatpur, 234, 2 50S ingh of Jaisalmi r, 38 1S ingh , Lahor, 2 74, 2 87-2 90 , 2 92 ,2 939 3 1 3, 31 5, 32 2 , 33 1 ,

_332 . 335. 337. 343

S ingh of Samthar, 3 1 3R anjt

'

i r S ingh , Sardar of Maji thia, 347Ranmalj i of N auanagar, 1 0 9Ranoj i S ind ia, 1 73R anthamb or, 1 4, 2 1 , 44Ranuri , batt le, I 1Rao sah ib , rebel , 374, 378R aqia Sul tana, 33Karim fort , 1 86 , 1 98R as al Kh ima, Persian Gul f, 2 96 , 3 1 3R astel l , Thomas , 80 , 82

Rasfi l—Ch i l ianwala, 352R atansingh ,

—R atnasingh, ofBharatpur,2 2 7

Bandhari , 1 74, 1 75of Bikanir, 356

Ratanpur, 1 48, 1 6 1Ratnagiri , 4 1 3Ratnasimha Ranaof Mewar, 2 2 , 23Rattihal l i , 1 2 , 2 2 1Raushan Beg, Indor, 30 8, 309R aushania sect, 54R azrzat us-S afa of Mirkhond, I 7R aw at zri h istory , 63R av ivarmaof Chirakkal , 2 2 2

of Koch in, 357, 379Ravj i A ppaji , Baroda, 2 78Rawal P ind i , 343, 4 1 1Rawat S ingh of Lawa, 383Rawl inson, Col . S ir Henry , 340Raworth , George, 1 53Ray S ingh , 1 73Rayaji Patel , 2 56Rayadhan I I I . of Kachh , 242 , 2 57, 2 8 1Raydurg, 2 58

Rayakota, 2 64Raymond , Mons . M . J . M . , 255, 26 1 ,

Reade, Col . , 2 75Reay , Lord , 4 1 1 , 42 1 , 42 2Redd i Rao, accountant , 2 93

472 I NDEX .

Redonde, Conde de, 74R ed Sea, 1 38, 326

Reed , General S irThomas , 364Reid , General S ir Charles , 363

Hon. Lestock Robert , 348Reinhardt, Walter—“ Samru,

Renaul t , Pierre, 2 0 2René, Madec, 232

Rennie, Capt . James, I .N . , 356 , 36 1

R enukabai D aphle of Jath , 3 1 4Resolution,

” warship , 2 77Revadanda, 2 3, 1 80R evington, M r, 1 0 2Rewa, 2 98, 2 99 , 30 1Reynol ds, Major, 383Rheede, Hendrik A drian D arakenstein

van, 1 1 6

R ibeiro, John, S .J . , 1 45, 1 63R ichards , Major, 304

Major-General S ir Wi l l iam , 3 1 8,

3 1 9R ichel ieu, Card inal Armand J . du

Plessis , 94R ichmond , Col . , 349riots. 1 52 . 304. 355. 387. 4 1 5. 428. 430R ipaud, Capt . , 2 72R ipon, Marquis of, 345, 404, 40 7, 40 9,

4 1 0

R ivett-Carnac, S ir James, 337Robert de N ob i l ibus, 65, 8 1

Roberts , Gabriel , 1 46Fiel d -Marshal Lord Frederick S . ,

355: 370 3 397, 398, 400 3 40 3"

40 5. 4 1 2 . 4 1 4-

4 1 6. 42 5. 42 7Major-General S ir Henry G ee, 347

Robertson, S irGeorge Scott , M .D . 42 7Robinson, S irWm . Rose, 390 , 393Rochester, Lord , 1 2 7Roch ford , Lieut . , 326Rock ingham ,

Lord,2 5 1

Rodriguez i sland , 2 95R oe, S irThomas , 72 , 73, 75, 76Rohan, Banda islands , 73R ohi las, 1 85, 1 89 , 1 9 1 , 2 1 1 , 2 1 7, 2 30 ,

23 1 , 2 7 1 3 358, 40 8

R ohi lkhand, 234, 235, 2 39 , 2 80,2 8 1 ,

Roh tak,2 73, 365

Roh tas , 23, 2 6 , 48, 60 , 64, 8 1Rol t , Mr, 1 04R olte, Hon. Thomas, 1 2 1Roman Catho l ic Church , 1 08, 332 , 347,

Rome, Burm ese embassy at, 4 1 1Romer, John, 327Rose, L ieut . , 372

General S ir Hugh , 368-372 , 38 14 1 3

Roshan Akhtar, Muhammad Shah Sultan, 1 60 - 1 88

R owcroft, Col . , 368, 370 , 372 , 373Royal Proclamation, 373R o z , Francisco, 62R t

'

ihul lah Khan, 1 37R uiya fort , 370Rajan S ingh , A sam , 32 5Rumbol d , S ir Thomas , 240 , 24 1 , 243,

2 54S irWi l l iam , 31 5

R t'

im i Khan , 30

Rundal l , Capt . F. M . , 423Rupar, 1 1 9 , 328R fi parshi , Nagapuriya Jaina, 1 2M M . 349. 358

Rustam , Bombay broker, I 5 1Rustam ‘A l i , author, 1 8 1‘A li Khan, 1 64, 1 65

Khan. 44. 52

Khan of Khairpur, 34 1Zaman, Bijapur, 1 0 5

Russel l , George Edward , 333Russia. 334. 358. 385. 389. 390 . 397.

Company. 37Rysw ick , Treaty of, 1 36

A, Garcia da, 3 1Sa Henrique da, 40Sa Vasco de, 40

Sa e N aronha, Constant ine da, 75Saadabad , 1 76Sa‘adat ‘A li I . ofAudh , 30‘

A li I I . of Audh , 2 72 , 2 77Khan ofAudh , 1 75Khan, Afghan, 355U l lah Khan I . of the Karnatak ,1 5 1 , 1 52 , 1 72 , 1 79 ; I I . , 1 84

Sabaj i Bhonsla, 2 33Sabrosa, S imao Infante de Lacerda

Barao de, 335Sab zalkot, S indh , 342Sabz i - inand i , 363, 364Sadad i inscription, 60Sadan Khan, rebel , 39 1sadar Mal la, Mai sur, 32 6Sadashiva of Vijayanagar, 2 9 , 43Sadashiv Bhau, 2 1 2 , 2 1 4-2 1 6

Bhau Mankeshwar, 2 87Chimnaj i Bhau, 1 85

Sadasukh Deh lavi , Munsh i , writer, 31 2Sad iq , son of Yaqt

'

i b Khan,85Sad iq ‘A l i , Berargeneral , 2 95

Khan of Bahawal pur, 356Mul

g

ammad Khan of Bahawal pur,3 I

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474 i N D E X .

SandaThudhammaofArakan, 1 0 5, 1 28

Sandeman, S irRobert Groves , 394, 4 1 7,42 1 . 425

Sandoway , 2 55Sandt

’

i r state, Belari , 32 2 , 339Sandwi p , 66 , 67, 69Sangam esvar, 52 , 1 32

Sangamner, 2 1 5Sangaza or Sankshi , 2 8

Sanghi Jotaram , Jaypur, 332Sangram S ingh I . of Mewar, 1 0 , I 3,

1 6 , 2 0 -2 2, 526 ; I I . , 1 53, 1 73

Sangramnagar,—A lamgirnagar, I I 1

S an - i -j a/us years , 1 0 2Sankalapura inscript ion, 1 3Sari Ph i l ippe carrack , 53

San Sebastian fort , 42Sanskrit col lege, Banaras , 2 66Santa R ita, Fr . Constant ino de, 334

Theresa, Fr. Maurico de, 1 55, 1 56Santaji Ghorpade, 1 34, 1 35, 1 37, 1 38,

1 40

Santo Stephano,H ieronymo de, 3

santhals, rising of, 359Sarai fort , 370 ; ghat , 367Sarakhs

, 4 1 0

Sarangpur, 39 , 30 1Sarbaland Khan,

Nawab Mubariz ul

Mul k of Patna, 1 65- 1 67, 1 69 ,1 70 , 1 8 1

Sarecta, 38, 50Sardaha

,Audh , 1 26

Sardar Khan,Afghan,

1 88

S ingh of B ikanir, 356

S ingh , Ranaof Udaypur , 336 , 342sarderm zrk/zz

'

tax, 1 2 0 , 1 68, 1 72

Sarfaraz Khan of Bengal , 1 79Sarfoji of Tanjor, 2 58, 2 77SargujaRaja, 376Sarhind, 34, 2 0 5, 2 92 , 388

canal , 40 7Sarkars d istricts , 2 0 7, 2 26 , 24 1 , 30 5Sarkhej , 5 1 , 1 57Sarnal , 46Sarup Chand Khatri , author, 269

S ingh of Bikanir, 1 52

S ingh of Udaypur, 342 , 377Sarz ora, Konkan, 1 00

Sasni , R ohi lkhand, 2 8 1 , 2 82Satanati—Sutanati , Calcutta, 1 2 9 , 1 40 ,

1 42satara, 1 1 2 , 1 1 7, 1 35, 1 40- 1 43, 1 50 ,

1 69 , 1 80 , 1 92 , 2 0 2 , 2 1 7, 240 ,

30 9'

3 I I ’ 3 1 3, 3 1 4, 32 57 350 , 375Satgaon,

2 6 , 1 38

sati . 326. 349. 382

satz'

asz'

o /ea1,—S . 1 687,—fam ine, 86Satlaj riv . , 1 1 0 , 2 89 , 2 93, 328

-

330 , 346

Satnam i s or Mondhis, Vaishnava sect ,1 1 7, 1 2 6

Satrunjaya inscript ions , 76 , 77S urya P ru /aim, Bombay newspaper, 377Satyamangala, batt le, 2 62Saub inet, Mons . , 2 0 7Saulapa and Saulawi , Karen-ni ch iefs ,

Saulon, Karen-n i capital , 4 1 9 , 42 0Saunders , Thomas , 1 9 1 , 1 98, 1 99Sauri , battle, 282Savandurg, 2 64Savant

‘

ir, 1 92 , 2 23, 2 57Sawal i k country , 57 ; p i l lar, 1 9Sawantwadi , 1 0 8, 1 50 ,

1 52 , 1 70 , 1 99 ,2 78, 2 9 1 , 2 98, 30 0 , 3 1 2 , 31 3,

Saw Maung, Sawbwa, 4 1 6 , 4 1 7Sayaji ofTanjor, 1 8 1 , 1 90

Sayaj irav Gai kwad I . ,2 26 , 2 2 7, 2 6 1 ;

392

Sayvan fort , 44Sayyid Achan, Surat , 1 87

A hmad , Orissa, 1 80A hmad

,Wahhabi , 30 5, 3 1 6 , 3 1 8,

32 2 . 32 7Lashkar Khan, 1 93Mi r Basha, M iranzai , 423N i

’

irMuhammad , 390Muhammad of Jaunpur, 8Muhammad Khan of Arkat , 1 82 ,1 84

MurtazaKhan,Lucknow ,

2 38

MurtazaSabzwari , 52Shahj i , I sma‘i l iah, 1 34

Sayy id brothers of Barha, 1 54, 1 55, 1 60Schwartz , R ev . Christian Frederich ,

I 9 1 . 243Scott , Col . , 2 76

Col . , 30 8

Scotti sh E . I . Company , 74, 1 38

M issionary Society, 326Scrafton,

Luke, 20 7, 2 2 7Scudder, Dr John, 3 1 3Seaton,

Major-General S ir Thomas,

Sebast ian,K . of Portugal , 48

S egauli , 304, 364Seiwa, 1 43S el leb ar, 1 46

Senna, Imam of, 3 1 5S eodan S ingh of A l war, 39 1Seoganw ,

1 0 6

S equeyi a, D iogo Lopes de, 1 5, 1 7Sera d istrict , 2 0 2Serampur—Fi reclerick snagar, 1 99 , 2 76 ,

3 1 6. 346

Sergio, Visconde de, 397

I N DEX .

Seringapatam , 33, 68, 1 1 5, 1 1 6 , 1 67,1 85, 2 0 2

, 2 2 9 , 230 , 2 53, 2 63,

Seton, Capt . , 2 92Sev i l le, Treaty of, 1 68

Sewri,Bombay , 1 32

Seymour, S irW i l l iam , 32 5Shadakshara Deva, poet , 1 0 3Shadar, A fghanistan, 1 0 5Shad i pur, 396Shafto , Capt . , 40 1Shah Abbas of Pers ia, 78, 79 , 97‘Alam , see Bahadur Shah I .Shahbaz , brother of Haidar‘A l i , 1 89

Khan Kambu of Bengal , 5 1 , 53Shah Beg A rgli i

'

in, 1 3- 1 5, 1 7, 1 8

Beg A rgh i'

in Khan Dauran, 58,

Shahdaula, batt le , 1 77Shahdhara, batt le, 1 52

Shahgarh , 370Shah Husain A rghftn , 1 9 , 2 0

Husain Safav i , 1 64Shahjahan, Sul tan, 7 1 -74, 76-83, 86 ,

951 1 0 8,1 1 1 ; 1 60

Sam, Rafi‘ud-daula, 1 60

I I . , Muhi ul -M i l lat , 2 1 2 , 2 1 5Shah Jahan, fanatic, 40 9 , 4 1 0Shahjahan Begam , Bhopal , 359 , 384, 389Shahjahanabad , N ew Deh l i , 9 2 , 1 04,

Shahjahanpur, 370 , 37 1

Shahjui , batt le, 40 1Shahj i or Shahaj i Bhonsla I . , 57, 77,

87. 98. 1 0 9 ;I I ”I 67- 1 69 . 1 89 . 1 90 . 1 97

Shahfi or Abba Sah ib of satara, 2 92 ,3 1 0 . 337, 350

Shahuji of Kol hapur, 3 1 5, 3 1 6ofTanjor

,1 77

Shah Khal i l -ul lah , Imam , 30 6

Shahkot, 396Shah Muhammad , Am ir of S indh , 343Shahnawaz Khan

, 90

Khan, Sam sam ud-daula, 1 95, 2 00Khan of Kalat, 337

Shahpur, 2 9 1Shahryar, Prince, 78, 82 , 83Shah -rad, 385Shah Safavi Tahmasp, 2 9

Zaman of Qandahar, 2 54Shaikan tribe, 424Shaikawati , 332

S haikhapura, 349Shaista Khan,

Am i r ul -‘Umara, 89 , 92 ,96 , 99 , 1 0 6 , 1 0 9 , 1 1 1 , 1 1 3, 1 2 0 ,

1 25, 1 28, 1 32

475

Shakespeare, Capt . John, 426

Shakhar-khera, bat tle, 1 66S halké t or Quetta, 394Shamanath Khan, 1 53, 1 55Sham l i fort

,2 72

Shams Khan,Jalandhar, 1 5 1

Shams ud-din of F iruz pur, 333ud-di n of Ghaz ni , 34 1ud-di nMuhammad A tgah , vaz i r. 39

Sham sabad,batt le, 368

Sham shi r Bahadur, Banda, 2 8 1 , 2 85,

3 1 7Khan, Pahlanpur, 300 , 30 5

Shari states , 2 2 5, 4 1 6 , 42 2 , 42 7Shankar Shah , Gond raja, 366Shankarpur , 373Shapuri i sland , 3 1 7Sharaf ud-din Husain, 40

Shattankad, v i l lage, 1 5 1Shaxton , Capt . , 1 1 8Shekhabad , 382Sheldon,

M r,1 49

Sher A fkan‘A l i Qul i I stajl t'

i,65, 68‘A li Khan, of Kabul , 378, 380 ,

382-

387. 390 . 39 2 . 394. 397.

398. 40 3.40 5‘A l i , assassm , 388

Khan ,Gujarat

,86

Khan,J inj i , 1 1 8, 1 2 0

Khan,Kabul , 40 2

Khan,Babi , of Junagadh, 1 7 1 - 1 73,

2 0 6

Khan,Palad i , 50

Khan, Wal i,Afghan, 40 4

Muhammad Khan of Kabul , 2 82 ,Shah A fghan, 2 3

-26 , 2 7-30

Khan,Shah I I . , 36 , 38

S ingh . Lahor. 339 . 34 1 . 343. 35 1 .0

352

Sherd i l Khan of Kalat , 378, 379Sheridan,

R ichard Brinsley , 2 58Sherpur, Kabul , 40 0 , 40 2

Sherson,M r

,2 92

Shi‘ah sect , 2 9 , 43, 1 52 , 2 82Shi‘ah -Imam i I sma‘i l ias, 30 6, 382Shighnan, 42 6

Sh ihab ud-din,Khan of Mand ir, 1 2 , 1 3

Sh ihab ud-di n, A hmad Khan, Gujarat ,48. 5 1

Sh ikarpur, 330 , 336

Sh ikohabad , 1 76 , 2 83Shi ll inge, Capt . , 76 , 78Shingariké ta, 2 26

Sh inas , Persian Gul f, 2 96Sh inwari s , 40 8, 428Sh ipman, S ir A braham ,

1 0 8- 1 1 1

Sh iraz , 1 46Shirjirav Ghatge, see Ghatge

476 I NDEX .

Sh irley , S ir Robert , 72Shivgaon, 2 89Sh iva Prasad

,2 39

Shivrav Bhau of Jhansi,2 86

Sh iva S inghj i of S iroh i , 3 1 1Shivaji , see S ivaj iSholavandan, 2 0 2 , 2 04Shorapur, 37 1 , 376Shore, S ir John, Lord Teignmouth

2 67, 2 7 1 -2 73Showers, General , 364Shri patrav , Pratinidhi , 1 66

Shuja‘Shah , Prince, 9 1 , 92 , 96 , 98,Shah , of Kabul , 2 88, 2 9 1 , 2 94, 2 96 ,330 , 33 1 , 340

Shuja‘at Khan, 3 1 69Khan,Kartalab Khan, 1 2 9 ,

Shuja‘M irzaofAfghanistan, 2 76 , 2 83Shuja‘ud-daula, Vaz ir, Nawab of Audh ,

Shuja‘ud-din, Am ir Faqi r ‘A l i BegBahadun 2 7

ud-din Khan of Bengal , 1 65, 1 66 ,

Shujabad , batt le, 350Shukot Jang of Purniya, 2 0 0 , 2 1 3Shukfl mnu CoL, 3 | 9S ial kot , Panjab, I 6, 1 9 , 364S iam , S iam ese, 40 , 43, 74, 80 , 2 2 0

,

2 56 , 3 1 5, 3 1 6 , 32 1 , 388S ibi , d i st . , 4 1 7S ib indar Narayan of Kuch -B ihar, 349S ib ley , Capt . , 30 2S idasi r Ghat , 2 64S iddis of Janj ira, 1 0 6 , 1 1 9 , 1 2 5, 1 3 1 ,

S idd i ‘Abdul Rah im ,of Janj ira

,2 1 8

A hmad Khan, Surat , 2 0 8Hafiz Masa‘r' i d , 1 93Johan of Janfira, 1 0 6 , 2 55Meriam , Janj ira, 40M iyan Achan

,Surat , 2 0 8

Qasim of Janjira, 1 1 9 , 1 2 0 , 1 23Rahman of Janj ira, 1 73, 1 74Sanflxd, 1 2 0

Yaq i'

i t of Janj ira, 1 1 4, 1 32 , 1 37Yaq i

'

i t Khan,2 1 8, 2 1 9 ; 2 55

S idney , Earl Godol ph in,1 5 1

\Hsc0 unt, 255S idoji of Tanjor , 1 77S ihor, 363S ikandar‘Ad i l Shah , 1 1 7, 1 2 9

Begam of Bhopal , 3 1 3, 32 3, 329 ,

Jah, N i zam , 264, 2 83, 2 84, 2 86 ,2 9 1 . 325

S ikandar I I . , Shah Lodi , Sul tan, 1 -3,

5) 1 1 9 1 4, I S ; 2 I , 4 I

Shah I I I . , S ti r, 34, 36

Shah of Gujarat , 2 0S ikandra, 2 1 2 , 2 87S ikandrabagh , 3 1 9S ikhs

,2 7, 65, 1 0 5, 1 5 1 , 1 52 , 1 57, 2 1 6 ,2 S9 . 2 7 1 . 2 73. 2 74. 2 77. 2 93.

32 2 . 32 7. 334. 335. 346. 347.

S i kh Gurus, 2 7, 33, 46 , 50 , 65, 9 1 , 1 06 ,

1 1 0 , 1 1 9 , 1 5 1

S ikk im . 30 3. 30 5. 332 . 353. 376. 4 1 8.

42 2

S ikrawa fort , 2 99Si kri

, 44S i lak

,Asam , 42 9

S i lchar, in Kachar, 40 8S i lhadi Purb ia of Rai sin,

23, 2 9S i lhat, d ist . , 325, 32 9 , 375S i lva, Bernardo Peres da, 332

Carlos Eugenio da, 40 6Franci sco Teixeira da, 42 5Lui z de Mel lo de, 38Pedro da, 88, 92Peres da, 332

S i l veira, D om Rodrigo Sobho de, 1 0 1S ima—Fort Morton

, 42 7S hnknS imoga, 2 64S imon, Mar, Nestorian bishop , 1 43S inanagar, battle, 35 1S inappaiyan, Tanjor, 1 79S inclair , Major

,2 86

S indh , I 7, 1 9 , 2 8:2 9 , 34236 , 463 55,

56 , 1 04, 1 0 5, 1 9 1 , 2 76 ,

34 1-

344. 346. 3S I

S ind ia, 2 65, 2 68-2 72 , 2 77-286

, 300 , 304 ,

S i ngarh, 1 44,2 8 1

S ingha of Ceylon, 53, 9 1 , 9 2 , 1 0 1 , 1 2 2

S inghalese, 83, 84, 90 , 9 1

S ingussaof Burma, 2 39 , 2 50S ipahr Sh ik0h , Prince, 1 0 5, 1 0 6S iprariv. , 30 8

S ipri , 246 , 248, 374Si on, near Bombay, 1 32 , 1 33, 1 43S ira, Mai sur

, 94, 1 56 , 2 1 7, 2 1 9 , 2 2 2 ,

2 7S iraj ud-(

Si aula, M irza Mahm fid, 1 89 ,

S irm i'

tr raja,1 52

S ironj , 1 75, 246S irsa d ist .

,2 73, 370

S irs i, 37 1

S irt'

tr, 399S i stan d ist . , 369

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478

Sul l ivan, S ir Benjam in, 280

Sul tan Jan, Ghaz ni , 34 1Sul tanpur, 368 , 372Sulu, Sul tan of

,2 67

Sumatra, 1 7, 3 1 , 59 , 62 , 72 , 1 35, 1 46 ,1 59 , 1 6 1 , 3 1 8

Sumner, Mr, 2 1 6 , 2 2 2

Sunda Strai t , 62 , 80 , 8 1 , 1 2 7, 1 39 ,1 49 , 1 55, 1 56, 2 1 5, 2 2 0

,2 3 1 ,

Sundur, p . 339 , l . 7,—7'

ead Sandt'

i r, qua .

Sungri , Kasia state, 325Sunni , Muhammadan sect , 1 52 , 2 82 ,

Supa, Kanara, 2 1 5Sam Chandra S ingh of Manipur, 42 2Surajgarh , batt le, 36S t

'

irajkund, batt le, 35 1S i

'

trajmal Jat of Bharatpur , 1 87, 1 97,

of Marwar, 2Suraj S ingh of Jodhpur, 57, 58, 77Sura orKotaldab , battle, 4 1 7Surang, Ori ssa, 283Surat. 30 . 33. 46. 56. 65

-

7 1 . 73

76. 80 . 82 -85. 98. 99.1 0 1 , 1 0 2 , 1 04, 1 0 6 , 1 0 8, 1 0 9 ,1 1 2 - 1 1 4, 1 24, 1 2 6

1 56, 1 60 , 1 66 , 1 69 , 1 7 1 , 1 87 ,1 93, 20 87 230 3 2 37, 2 38, 242

Surat S ingh of B i kanir, 2 59Surendranath Banarji , journal ist , 40 8Suria Jah-Amjad ‘A li Shah of Audh ,

34 I

Suriban, v i l l . , 37 1Surjan Rai of R antambhor, 43, 44

S ingh of Mewar, 39 1S ingh of Urchha, 342

S urji -Anjangaon Treaty , 2 85, 2 86Surkh -

pul , 42 8

Surman, Mr, 1 56S itryaji P iral , Maratha, 1 32

S utanati or Chatanati , Calcutta, 1 2 9 ,

Sutherland,Sergeant , 1 1 9

Lord , 1 2 7Col . , 2 79Col . , 336

Suvarnadurg, Ratnagiri d ist . , 1 99Swal ly, 24, 69 , 7 1

-73, 82 , 84, 1 46

Swan, Capt . , 80

Swed ish East India Company , 1 7 1Syalbet,

—Syal island , 2 2Sykes, Mr, 2 2 2Sylveira, H eytorda, 1 1 8

John de, 1 5

I ND EX .

Symes , Col . M ichael , 269 , 2 8 1Symons , General S ir \Vi l l iam Penn,

Syriac col lege, 53 ; language ,2 90

Syriam,Burma

,6 2 -64, 66 , 70 ,

2 0 1 ,

3 1 8

Syrian churches , 30 , 59 , 1 0 1 , 1 0 9 , 1 63,1 69 , 1 70 , 2 90

A BA A’

A T I -A [( 8 A R ] , h i story , 57Tabang Shéw ti of Burma, 23. 24,

2 7, 2 8, 3 1

Tabo , Malacca, 32 7, 328Tafaz zul Khan of Farrukhabad , 373Tagor, D warkanath , 348

Tah ir Muhammad b in ‘Imad ud-din

Hasan,h istorian, 63

Tahmasp I I . , Qul i Khan Nad ir Shah ,

Taim t'

ir Shah Durani , 2 33, 266 , 2 83Taim t

’

tr- lang,—Tamurlane, 3Taingda M ingy i of Mandalé , 4 1 0 , 4 1 4

Taj Khan, 40

Taj Mahal , Agra, 95Takaroi orMughulmari , batt le, Orissa,

47Takarwutb i of Pegu, 24Tak endraj i t S ingh , 42 2 -

424

Takht -i -Shah heights , 40 2Takht S ingh ofAhmadnagar , 343Talagadh, Kolaba,

1 74Talain,

Kachar , 3 1 8Talaing, 2 7, 64, 2 1 1Talaja, Kathiawad, 2 2 9Talapt

'

ir, 1 32

Tal Bahat fort , 370Talegaon Dabhade, 242Tal i ft

'

i, 384

Tal iké ta, battle, 4 1Tal pur M i rs of S indh , 2 54, 2 76, 336 ,

Tam i i , Burma, 4 1 4, 423

’

l anda or Tandan near Gaur , 40 , 49 ,

50 . 53Tangasseri , Malabar, 1 6 , 2 70

Tanjor. 74. 75. 77. 8 1 . 1 2 1 . 1 42 . 1 77.1 79 , 1 80 , 1 89 , 1 90 , 1 95

- 1 98,2 06 , 2 0 7, 2 0 9 , 2 1 8, 2 2 1 , 2 29 ,2 32 , 2 34, 2 38, 2 39 , 2 53, 267 ,

Tank , Panjab , 386 , 406Tantia orTatya Bh il , robber, 42 1Tantia Jog, 30 9Tantia orTatya Topi , 370 -

374Tapeng riv.

,2 2 5

Tapokara pargana, 2 66Tapti orTapi riv .

, 244, 40 8

I N DEX .

Tarabai of Satara, 1 43, 1 50- 1 54, 1 92 ,

Taragarh , Nepal , 93, 2 62 , 30 2Tarai , 30 2 , 30 3Tarakanda, 1 5 1Tarak zais, 355, 358Tarapur, 2 2 , 2 3, 1 76, 1 78

Tard i ‘A li Katghan of Balkh , 94Td/‘ZMZ i—A lfi , h istory , 55

59Haw

"

. 59Faz

'

z Bak/mi l , A fghan hl story, 239H indi , I 8 1

[brd/z i zn K/zci /z , 2 58

K/zdfz j a/za'

n Lodi , 70

Mamdl z'

k z'

-H z'

nd, 2 52

Muzafian‘

, 2 78-Sal z

'

m S ki /t i, 32 6

Tarleton,Capt . , 356

Tartar invasions , 2 3, 75Tash i - lhunpo , Tibet , 2 54Tash -Kargan, 41 9Tashon Ch ins , 420 , 42 1 , 425Taufal Khan, Berar , 43Taungu, 63, 64, 69 , 70 ,

2 1 8, 3 1 2

Tavira, Mo lucca i slands , 42Tavora, Francisco de , 1 24, 1 2 9

Ruy Lourenco de, 2 7, 48, 67Tavoy, 3 1 8, 320Taylor, Wi l l iam ,

Patna, 363Taz in pass, batt le, 34 1Taz/ez

'

m t u l Waé i‘at, h istory , 53Teg Bahadur, 9 th S ikh Guru, [ 1 0 , 1 1 9Teghbakht Khan, 1 72 , 1 73Tegnapatam , 1 33, 1 35 ; see Fort S t

Dav idTeheran, Persia, 2 96, 323, 4 1 7Tehri , Raja of, 2 95Tej S ingh of Urchha, 342

S ingh of Lab or, 346 , 347Tekke Turkoman troops, 4 1 Itelegraphs, 357, 38 1Tel icheri , -Tel l icherry , 1 1 4, 1 1 5, 1 26,

Tel ingana, 85Tel les, Antonio , 89 , 9 2

Temple, S ir R ichard , 388-

39 1 , 395,

40 3Temudo, Jorge, 38Tenaserim , 32 2 , 324Tenkasi inscriptions , 5, 26 , 43Tent contract ,” 2 93

-2 95Ternati ,—Ternate i sland , Moluccas ,

2 2.24. 30 . 37. 43. 47

-

49 . 52 . 65.2 97

.

Terriagarhi , batt le, 80Teshu Lama, 2 35, 2 54Texeira, Luiz , 77Thackeray, S t John, 31 9

479

Thackwel l , Lieut . -General S ir EdwardI n 35 I

Thado-Dhamma Raja of Burma, 83, 97

Thags, 324, 332Thal -Chotial i , 40 9 , 4 1 0 , 4 1 7Thalner, Kandesh , 1 39 , 3 1 0Than, Kathiawad, I 34Thana, Sal sette, 2 3, 59 , 1 1 0 , 1 25, 1 30 ,

357Thappa, General Bhimasena, Nepal ,

2 89Thatta, S indh , 1 7, 1 8, 2 0 , 52 , 53,

Thayet-Myo, Burma, 40 7 , 4 1 3Thein-mi , Shan state, 42 7Theodore ofAbyss inia

, 383, 384Thibau, Wongyi , of Burma, 397 , 398,

40 3) 40 7 ; 4 1 0 3

Thi baw state , 4 1 6 , 4 1 7Thiri Thudhamma of Burma, 79Thiri Thuriya Dhamma ofArakan,

1 2 8

Thobal , Manipur , 42 3Thomas , George , 2 70 , 2 72 , 2 73, 2 76 ,

Mar, Monophisi te b ishop , 1 69Thompson, S irA . R ivers , 40 7

Mowbray, 369

Thorne, Robert , 2 1ThunbaWongyi , Pegu, 31 8TibenTidor i sland , Moluccas , 20 , 30 , 52 , 65,

76

TIJéra, Alwar , 2 66 , 268Ti lbegampur inscription, 2 7Timak Khan, batt le near Ghaz ni , 385Timmappa of A negundi , 2 39Timmaraja of Vijayanagar, 2Timor i s land , 345Timar Shah , Harat , 4 1 7Tinnevel i ,—Tinnevel l y , 1 99 , 2 0 2 , 2 1 0 ,Tipara state, Bengal , 375, 420Ti pt

'

i Sah ib, 239 , 245, 246 , 249 -2 66 ,268, 2 70 ,

2 72 -2 75, 2 78

Tirakhol ,—Terekhol , sawantwadi , 1 86 ,2 0 5

Tirat S ingh of Nunk lau, Asam , 32 2

32 5Tire l la, batt le, 1 72Tirhut, d ist. , I 7Tiroha, Banda, 2 96Tiruchendur, Tinnevel i , 97Tirukkal lfir, Malabar, batt le, 2 62Tirumala of Vijayanagar , Pennakonda,

Nayyaka, of Madura, 80 , 1 0 6

Tirumalrao of Mai sur, 2 5 1Tirumumpara of Coch in, 6

.48c>

Tirupat i , N . Arkat , 20 5Tiruvad i , S . Arkat

,2 1 3

Tiruvattt'

l r,N . Arkat , 1 5 1 , 2 1 1 , 2 1 2

Ti tu M i yan, Wahhabi , 328Ti tiya fort , Bundel khand , 283Tiyagar fort , Volkonda, 2 1 0 , 2 1 3, 2 1 5.

tobacco monopol y at G oa, 1 1 9TodarMal. 47. 49. 52 . 54 ; 89Todd , Major El l iot D ’

A rcy, 337Togh , Kohat , 396Tohawar Jang, 2 57TokaH indu temples , 2 1 7Tolar state, 44Tolawé , S inghalese m inister , 2 77Tombs , Major-General S ir Henry , 363,

380

Tompane, Ceylon, 73Tongal , general , Manipur, 424Tongso Fenlo , Bhutiya, 379

Tonk -Ram pura, or Al igarh Ram pura,Tonk , 2 86 , 289

Tonquin, 1 46 , 4 1 1Torna fort, Bor, 96 , 1 44Towerson, Capt. , 79Trak i , Baluch istan, 346

Tranquebar, 73, 78, 8 1 , 1 4 2 , 1 49 , 1 6 1 ,1 85, 1 86 , 1 9 1 , 2 0 6 , 2 1 5, 346

Travankor, 85, 1 28, 1 69 , 20 8, 2 60 -2 62 ,

2 97, 30 2 , 325, 377Trem len,

Wi l l iam , 9 1

Trevelyan, S ir Charles Edward , 374,376 , 378, 3S I

Trevor , Capt , 339Trich inapal l i , 37, 1 75. 1 80 , 1 9 0 , I 92

'

Trikkalfir, Malabar, 4 1 0Trimbakji D engl ia or Dengle, 300 , 30 3,

Trimbakrav Dabhade, 1 63, 1 7 1Mama, 2 2 9 , 2 35

Trim l iwash , 20 8

Trimmu Ghat , batt le, 364Trinkomali , Ceylon, 9 2 , 1 1 3, 1 1 5, 1 1 6,

1 86 , 2 1 1 , 249 -2 5 1 , 2 53Trinomal l i orTiruvannamalai , S . Arkat ,

2 04, 2 0 7, 2 1 2 , 2 2 5Tiruvad i , S . Arkat , 1 94Trivandram , 2 93Trivatfir, or Tiruvattt

'

lr,

2 0 7Tronjol ly, M. , 24 1

Tsanda Wijaya ofArakan, 1 53Tucker , Capt . , 297Tukaji Bhonsla, 1 77

Holkar, 2 24, 2 69 , 2 72 , 278 ; 344

N . Arkat ,

I N DEX .

Tulaji A ngria, 1 98-2 0 1ofTanjor, 234, 2 58

Tula Ram , Senapati , Kachar, 345, 358Ram , rebel , 32 6

Tul loch , Major H ector, 426Tulsi bai of Indor, 2 9 1 , 2 98, 30 8Tul s i D as, poet , 47, 80Tul sipur, Audh , 373Tungabhadrariv . , 1 85, 2 57, 265Turkey and Levant Company

, 50Turk istan, 386 , 395, 398, 40 2 , 42 7Turkomans , 409 , 4 1 8Turner, Col . Augustus Henry

, 42 7, 430B ishop John Math ias

, 324General S irOriel , 4 1 0Samuel , 2 54

Tfitakkal , Malabar, 390Tutikorin,

—Tuttukudi , Tinnevel i , 85,97, 1 0 3

Tweedale, Marquis of, 342 , 350Tyamong, Sumatra, 1 46Tytler, Col . , 366

CHH , Bahawal pur, 8, 1 9Uchi tgarh, Konkan, 1 74

Udayagiri , S . Travankor, 2 93Udayampart

’

ir—D iamper Synod , 60 , 6 1Udaybhanji of S iroh i , 31 1Udayarof Maisur, 48, 68, 74Udaypur, Mewar, 2 2 , 53, 59 , 1 0 0 , 1 2 2

1 24, 1 43, 1 50 , 1 53, 1 83, 1 87,

Uday S ingh of Mewar , 2 6, 46Udgi r, Bi dar, 89Udha-Nala, batt le, 2 1 9Udhambai Begam , Deh l i , 1 88, 1 97Ugargo l inscript ion, 1 3Ujjain, Malwa, 76 , 1 0 4, 2 1 7, 2 79 , 282

U l lala state, Malabar, 35, 42 , 74U lubaria, Howrah , 1 30U lugh M irza, 24‘Umar Shaikh M irzaof Farghana, 3‘Umdat ul

‘Umara of Arkat , 2 2 9 , 2 69 ,2 79

Umed S ingh of Bfmdi , 1 83, 1 89Rao of Bt

'

mdi , 2 87S ingh of Kota, 30 8, 3 1 4S ingh of S iroh i , 377‘UmraKhan of Jandol , 42 9 , 430

Una, Hosh iarpur, 35 1Underi , or Henery island , 1 2 3, 1 24Uni ted Company of Merchants ,

”1 5 1 ,

1 52Uni ted Engl ish E . I . Company , 1 70 ,

United Joint S tock Company , 98

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482 I N DEX .

AAT in Arabia, 354Wade, Col . S irClaude Mart in,337

Waghal s. 30 3. 3 1 4. 375. 383. 384Waghorn, Thomas , 324Wahhabi s , 30 5, 3 1 6 , 3 1 8, 32 2 , 32 7, 328,Wai , Satari d i st . , 1 34, 2 7 1Waite, S ir N icholas , 1 42 - 1 44, 1 47, 1 51

Waj id‘A l i Shah ofAudh , 349 , 360 , 362Wake, W i l l iam , 1 82

VVak inkhera,1 48

wala Jah, Sayyad A hmad ‘A l i Khan,

of Bengal , 3 1 5, 3 1 9Wales , H . R .H . Edward Prince of, 393Wal i Al lah Shah Bahmani , 1 8, 1 9Wal ker , Brig -General Alexander, 2 80 ,

2 9 1

Wal lace, Col . , 2 87Lt. -Col . , 345

Wal ler, Major Robert , 35 1L ieut . , 372

Wal pole , L i eut . -General S ir Robert ,Wal sh , Mr , 1 40Wananl i , Pfina, 2 68Wand iwash , N . Arkat , 1 3 1 , 2 03, 2 1 1 ,

Wanj i Baula Perumal of Travankor,2 0 8 ; 2 76

Wanj i orVanchi Martanda Perumal , 2 0 8

Wano , batt le, 430Warangal orOrangal , 2 2 6Ward , Mr. , Bombay , 1 2 7

S ir Henry George , 376Wardhariv . ,

2 84, 3 1 0

Wardel l , Lieut . , 42 7Wargaon orVadgaon, I’i mad ist . , 30 7Warren, Commodore , 1 4 1 , 1 43was? riots , 1 52

wasi l Muhammad , Pendhari , 30 8Wasota fort , 3 1 0Watson , Adm i ral Henry , 2 00 -2 0 2 ,

2 0 4,2 1

Com i

snodore John ,

2 2 3, 2 36

Capt . , 2 96Watt , Capt . , 353Watts , W i l l iam , 2 0 3, 2 04Waugh , Col . , 33 1Waykondan, Trich inapal l i d ist . , 1 96 ,

I 97Waz i r , see Vaz i rWaz irabad , Panjab , 352Waz iri tribes , 375, 430Weddel l , Capt . , 88 , 90Weldon,

M r, 1 32

Wel lesley , General S irArthur (Duke of

Wel l ington), 2 78, 2 82 -285, 288

Wel lesley , Marquis , 2 74, 2 75, 2 78. 2 80 ,

\Vel lesley Prov ince, 2 79Wel sh , Major-General James , 267, 32 2\Vel tevreeden , Java, 2 97VVenlock , B . Lawley Lord , 42 2Wer, Bharatpur state, 2 88West , S ir Edward , 3 1 7Westm inster, Treaty of, 1 0 0VVettigan ,

Burma, 320

Wheeler, Major~G eneral S ir HughMassy , 348, 363

Wheeler (read \Vheler), Edward , 2 39 ,2 40

Wh ish , Lieut. -General Wm . Sampson,

3S I

Wh ite, Mr,1 2 0

Capt . , 1 37W

’h i teh i l l , John, 2 40

Thomas , 2 45Wh it lock , Lieut . -General S ir George

C. . 369 . 37 1 . 372\Vi l d , Brigad ier, 340lVi lde, L ieut . -General S ir Al fred

Thomas , 384Wi lk inson , Anthony , 37Wi l l iam 1 32 , 1 36

I V. , 32 7W i l l iam s , Lieut . , 42 7W i l l iam son ,

Major, 4 1 3, 4 1 4

Wi l loughby , Major F . , 1 0 9Lieut . , 36 1

W i l l sh ire, General S irThomas , 337Wi l son, Lieut . -General S ir Archdale,

Daniel , B ishop o f Calcutta, 368

James , 374R ev. D r John, 326

Capt . , 2 96W indham , L ieut . -General S ir Chas .

Ash , 367Winter , S ir Edward , 1 0 7, 1 1 1W ith ington, Mr, 70 , 72

Wodehouse, S ir Phi l ip Edmond , 389 ,395

“Tokha, Nagas of, 392Wol seley , Lieut . -General S irGeorge B .

42 0 .

Wood , Capt . B . , 59S l l‘Charles , 358, 38 1Col . John, 2 26 , 2 2 7Major-General John Sul l ivan , 30 2 ,

304Wood ington, Major

,2 8 1

wreck of the “ Eagle Speed , 38 1

\Vuntho, Burma, 4 1 6 , 423VVyborne, S irJohn , 1 2 9Wyche, Nathaniel , 1 0 1Wyld

,M r, 82

I NDEX .

Wymer, General S irGeorge Petre, 339Wynch, A lexander, 232Wyse, Ens ign, 353

XAVIER

,Francis, 2 8, 33, 35

AD GA R , rebe l in Kashm i r, 56Yadgar Khan Kashm iri , 1 75

Yah ia Khan,Afghan, 40 0 , 40 2

Yale, El ihu, 1 2 7, 1 30 , 1 33, 1 36

Yama Satrusalya of Nawanagar, 77Yeman ud-daula—Mir ‘Abdul Nabi

Khan, 2 0 6Yanaon or Yanam , Godavari d ist . , 1 92 ,

30 5Yandabu, Burma, 32 2 , 355Yanoff

,Capt .

, 424-

426 , 428

Ya‘qt'

i b Beg, Muhammad of Kashghar,

386. 389 -39 1 . 395Shah of Kashmi r, 53Khan, Shaikhji ,

” p irate, 1 73, 1 74Khan ofKabul , 384, 386 , 387, 390 ,392 . 398

-

404Yaqfi t Khudawand Khan,

85YarKhan Lati , 2 03

Khan Alakozai , Harat , 342Yarqand,

—Yarkand , Turk istan, 386,

Vashodabai,2 70

Yashwantrav or J eswant Holkar, 2 72 ,2 78, 2 79 , 2 8 1 , 2 85-2 87

Yashwantrav,senapati , 1 7 1

Yate, Col . Charles Edward , 4 1 1Yeola, Nasik d i st . , 42 8Yepu,

—I ppoe, Sumatra, 1 59Yesh i l -kul , Turk istan, 426

Yeshwantgarh, Ratnagiri d ist . , 2 23Yez d , Persia, 30 6Yindowango, Burma, 4 1 4Yokwa Ch ins , 42 1York fort , Sumatra, 1 30 , 1 46

Young, Henry , 1 1 3Vounghusband, S ir Francis Edward ,

483

Yule, Major, 42 5Yt

'

tsuf‘Ad i l Khan Shah , 2 -4, 6 , 7, 1 1Shah Chakk of Kashm ir, 48, 5 1

Yfisufzai s, 52 , 3 1 7Yuthia or A yodhya, S iam , 31 , 40 , 43

AB ITA Khan, R oh i la, 2 28, 2 30 ,

Z abul istan, 53Zafar Khan, Roshan ud-daula, 1 67Z afaryab Khan—A loysius Reinhardt, 2 70Zafarabad , B i dar, 1 0 3z ah ir ud-daula Bahadur ofArkat , 390zah ir ud-din Muhammad , see Babur.

Zain Khan Koka, 53, 58, 6 1Zain ud-din Khan , 1 84

ud-din Mahmad , 2 00Zainpur, 40Zakaria Khan, Afghan, 40 2

zal im S ingh of Kota, 2 67, 308, 31 4

3 1 6. 3 1 8 ; 33 I

Zaman Khan Abdal i , 1 87Shah , Harat , 1 58Shah Abdal i , 2 66 , 2 7 1 , 2 74, 2 76

2 78

Z am indawar, Afghanistan, 1 58Zamorin of Koch in, 5

-

9 , 1 1 , 1 2 , 1 9 ,

32 . 36. 40 . 45. 46. 52 .

Zareka island , Persian Gul f, 1 68Z emethan, Burma, 4 1 4Zhob, N .W . Frontier, 40 9 , 4 1 0 , 42 1 ,

42 2

Ziegenbalg, R ev . Bartholomaeus , 1 49 ,1 6 1

Z i l la Khan, Lahor , 1 88Z imme state, 4 1Z inzan, M r, 1 2 8ZiyaKhan,

Surat , 1 56Zulfi qar‘A l i of Banda

,2 8 1 , 31 7

Beg, general , 1 57Khan of Surat , 72Khan N asrat Jang of Arkat, 1 33

Z ulfiqar Pass , Afghanistan, 4 1 1 , 4 1 3

P rinted at THE D A R I E N P RE SS,E dm ém '

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