National Symposium

on

Biodiversity and Food Security:

Challenges & Devising Strategies

December 10-11, 2011

IIPR, Kanpur

Souvenir & Abstracts

Dheerpura Society for Advancement

of Science & Rural Development

and

Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur

National Symposiumon

Biodiversity and Food Security:Challenges & Devising Strategies

December 10-11, 2011IIPR, Kanpur

Souvenir & Abstracts

Compiled and Edited by:Dr. N.P. SinghDr. P.S. Basu

Dr. Naimuddin

Co Sponsors Council of Science & Technology, Lucknow Uttarakhand Seed & Tarai Development Corporation Ltd.,

Uttarakhand J K Cement Ltd Biotechnology Research Foundation, Kanpur

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

National Symposiumon

Biodiversity and Food Security: Challenges & Devising StrategiesDecember 10-11, 2011

IIPR, Kanpur

STEERING COMMITTEE

Dr. B.B. Singh, ADG (Oil Seeds & Pulses), ICAR, New DelhiDR. C.L.L. Gowda, Research Program Director - Grain Legumes, ICRISAT

Dr. Ashutosh Sarker, Coordinator for South Asia Program & Food legume Breeder, ICARDADr. Seema Wahab, Ex-Advisor, DBT, New Delhi

Dr. G.C.Mishra, Director, National Centre for Cell Science, PuneDr. K. C. Bansal, Director, NPBGR, New DelhiDr. Sanjay G. Dhande, Director, IIT, Kanpur

Dr. G. N. Qazi, V.C., Jamia Hamdard University, DelhiDr. G. C. Tewari, V.C , CSUA&T, Kanpur

Prof. (Dr.) S.B.Lal, PRO V.C., SHIATS, AllahabadDr. P.K. Seth, CEO,Biotech Park, Lucknow

Dr. P.S. Shukla, GM,Uttarakhand Seed & Tarai Development Corporation Ltd., UttarakhandDr. M.K.J. Siddiqui, Director, Council of Science & Technology, Lucknow

Dr. N. Nadarajan, Director, IIPRDr. Masood Ali, Former Director, IIPR, Kanpur

Dr. S. S. Ali, President, DSARD and Organizing Secretary

Dr. N. Nadarajan, Director, IIPR and Organizing ChairmanDr. S. S. Ali, President, DSARD and Organizing SecretaryDr. Priti Singh, HoD, Deptt. of Botany,S.N.Sen B.V.P.G. CollegeKanpur,Co-Organizing SecretaryDr. N.P. Singh, Coordinator, AICRP Chickpea, IIPRDr. Sanjeev Gupta, Coordinator, AICRP MULLaRP, IIPRDr. P.K. Ghosh, HoD, Crop Production, IIPRDr. S.K. Chaturvedi, HoD, Crop Improvement, IIPRDr. C. Chattopadhayay, HoD,Crop Protection, IIPRDr. S.K. Chaturvedi, HoD, Crop Improvement, IIPRDr. Jagdish Singh, HoD, Physiology, Biochemistry & Microbiology,IIPRDr. S.K. Singh, HoD, Agri. Extension, IIPRDr. Hem Saxena, IIPR, KanpurDr. Shiv Sewak, IIPR, KanpurDr. R.G. Chaudary, IIPR, KanpurDr. Naimuddin, IIPR, KanpurDr. Mohd. Akram, IIPR, KanpurDr. Dev Raj Mishra, IIPR, KanpurDr. Kuppuswamy Subramaniam, I.I.T., KanpurDr. Huma Mustafa, Council of Science & Technology, LucknowDr. Shilpa Kaistha, Head, I.B.S.B.T., CSJM University, KanpurDr. Madulika Singh, HoD, Deptt of Biotechnology, CSJMUniversity, KanpurDr. George Thomas, HoD, Deptt. of Biotechnology, SHAITS,AllahabadDr. Rubina Lawrance, HoD, Deptt. of Microbiology, SHAITS,Allahabad

Dr. A.K. Gupta, Prof. Head, Faculty of Agri., Mahatma GandhiChitrakut Gramudaya Vishwidalaya, SatnaProf. S.P. Singh, Dean, Faculty of Science, BhundelkhandUniversity, JhansiDr. Girdhar Kumar Pandey, Univeristy of Delhi, New DelhiDr. R.S. Sharma, Director, Saii College of Medical Sciences, KanpurDr. Arun Parsad Chopra , Deptt of Biotech. & ChemicalEngg.,Hindustan College of Engg. & Tech., AgraDr. Manish Singh Rajput, HoD, AITH, KanpurDr. P.L. Sengar, Principal, S.N. Sen B.V.PG College, KanpurDr. S.K. Singh, Prof., Entomology, CSAU&T , kanpurDr. B.K. Diwedi, Director, Bioved Society, AllahabadProf. Sarveshwar Rao, Head, Botany Deptt, Dayalbagh EducationalInstitute, AgraProf. M.Y. Khan, Deptt. of Biotechnology, BBAU, LucknowDr. Sangeeta Saxena, Deptt. of Biotechnology, BBAU , LucknowDr. S.B. Srivastava, Deptt. of Zoology, DBS College, KanpurDr. Sudha Rani Yadav, Deptt. of Microbiology, DBS College,KanpurDr. Manishi Tripathi, Deptt. of Microbiology, CSJM University,KanpurDr. Anwar Masood, Deptt. of Botany, G.F. College, ShahjahanpurDr. Hamid Khan, HoD, Deptt. of Botany, Tilak Degree College,AuraiyaDr. Mohd. Israil Ansari, Deptt. of Biotechnology, AMITYUniversity, Lucknow

IMPORTANT COMMITTEES

RECEPTION COMMITTEEChairman : Dr. N. Nadarajan

Members : Dr. N.P. Singh

Dr. Sanjeev Gupta

Dr. N.D. Mujamder

Dr. P.K. Ghosh

Dr. S.K. Chaturvedi

Dr.C.Chattopadhyay

Dr.Jagdish Singh

Dr. S.K. Singh

Mr. Rajender Singh (A.O.)

Mr. K.N. Gupta (F&A.O)

PROGRAMME COMMITEEChaiman : Dr. Masood Ali

Members : Dr. S.K.Chaturvedi

Dr. P. K. Ghossh

Dr. C. Chattopadhyay

Dr. Jagdish Singh

PUBLICATION COMMITTEEChairman : Dr. N.P.Singh

Members : Dr. P.S.Basu

Dr. Naimuddin

HALL COMMITTEEChairman : Dr. Devraj Mishra

Members : Er. Persoon Verma

Mr. Awasthi

Dr. A.P. Khare

ANCHORDr. Uma Sah

REGISTRATION COMMITTEEChairperson : Dr. Hem Saxena

Members : Dr. Naimuddin

Dr. Uma Sah

ACCOMODATION & TRANSPORTATIONCOMMITTEEChairman : Dr. S.K. Singh (EXT)

Members : Dr. R.G. Choudhry

Dr. C.S. Prahraj

Dr. Uday Jha

Mr. Shiv Gopal (Path)

Mr. Rakesh (Breeding)

FOOD COMMITTEEChairman : Dr.S.S. Ali

Member : Dr. Shiv Sewak

Dr. Mohd. Akram

Mr.Omkar Nath

Dr. M.P. Singh

Mr. Arvind

POSTER COMMITTEEChairman : Dr. Jagdish Singh

Members : Dr. P. Durrimurugan

Dr. Murlidher Aski

Dr. Rajesh Kumar

Mr. Krishna Autar

PRESS PUBLICATION COMMITTEEChairman : Dr. S.K. Singh

Member : Mr.Divakar Upadhayay

CONTENTS

Messages .................................................................................................... ......................... i-iii

Invited Papers .................................................................................................... ................ 1-9

Abstracts

i. Biodiversity and Genetic Enhancement ............................................................ 10-30

ii. Sustainable Crop Production ............................................................................. 31-48

iii. Post Harvest Technology .................................................................................... 49-53

iv. Biotic Stress Management ................................................................................... 54-79

v. Global Warming and Climatic Issues ................................................................ 80-89

vi. Abiotic Stress Management ................................................................................ 90-92

vii. Biotechnology .................................................................................................... . 93-106

viii. Miscellaneous ................................................................................................... 107-117

Dear Dr. Ali,

Thank you very much for your letter No. Symp/11 dated 2nd August, 2011 regarding

the National Symposium on Biodiversity of Food Security-Challenges & Devising

Strategies during 10-11 December, 2011 at Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur.

I wish the programme all success.

With regards,

Yours sincerely,

(S. Ayyappan)

Dr. S.S. AliOrganizing Secretary & President, DSARDIndian Institute of Pulses Research,Kalyanpur, Kanpur-208 024Fax : 0512-2572582

GOVERNMENT OF INDIADEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH & EDUCATION

ANDINDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, KRISHI BHAVAN, NEW DELHI 110 114

Tel. : 23382629; 23386711 Fax: 91-11-23384773

E-mail: dg.icar@nic.in

Hkkjr ljdkj

d`f"k vuqla/kku vkSj f'k{kk foHkkx ,oa

Hkkjrh; d`f"k vuqla/kku ifj"kn

d`f"k ea=ky;] d`f"k Hkou] ubZ fnYyh 110 114

D.O. No. SECY. (DARE)/DG(ICAR)/2011/1673

Dated the 3rd November, 2011

Dr. S. AYYAPPANSECRETARY & DIRECTOR GENERAL

Mk- ,l- v¸;Iiulfpo ,oa egkfuns'kd

lR;eso t;rs

I am extremely delighted to know that the Society for Advancement of Science & Rural Development in association with Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur is organizing a National Symposium on "Biodiversity and Food Security-Challenges and Devising Strategies" from 11-12 December, 2011 at Kanpur.

Though humans used about 40,000 plant species, 80% of their food comes from few of these species, importance of biodiversity is well known, but during last century developmental issues have pushed this topic to backyard resulting in the extinction of many species. At present the world community is aggressively perusing biodiversity related issue, however, it has not been enough and the biodiversity losses continue.

With world population reaching 7 billion, providing food to all is a challenge world face today. It is established that biodiversity boost ecosystem productivity and is therefore of vital importance in sustaining the food production. It is our duty to protect or conserve each and every species present on the earth, no matter how small or big it is and what role it plays.

I firmly believe that the deliberations of the symposium will highlight the major and minor issues on the topics that will pave the ways in protecting the ever depleting natural resources and valuable biodiversity that in turn will directly or indirectly contribute to the strengthening of food security.

I wish the symposium a grand success.

(Department of Science & Technology, Govt. of U.P.)

9, NABI ULLAH ROAD, SURAJKUND PARKLUCKNOW - 226 018

0522 - 2284819, 2202452 (O); 2743241 (R)E-mail : mkjs@rediffmail.com

D.O. No. : ..............................................

Date : .....................................................

Council of Science & Technology, U.P.Dr. M.K.J. SiddiquiDirector and Secretary

Message

Dr. N. NadarajanDirector/Organising ChairmanIndian Institute of Pulses Research,Kalyanpur, Kanpur-208 024

To,

(M.K.J. Siddiqui)

Indian Institute of Pulses Research(Indian Council of Agricultural Research)

Kanpur - 208 024Tel. : 0512-2573967; EPABX lines: 0512-2572464-65; Fax: 0512-2572582

December, 2011

Message

It gives me immense pleasure to know that Dheerpura Society for Advancement of

Science and Rural Development, Kanpur and Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur

jointly organizing a National Symposium on Biodiversity and Food Security - Challenges

and Devising Strategies on 10th and 11th December, 2011 at IIPR, Kanpur. The themes of

the Symposium are very important and pertinent in the present context as the country has

major challenges to preserve biodiversity and to ensure food security for the millions in

years to come under resource constraints condition. I hope for a very effective

deliberations on this important occasion and congratulate the organizers and express my

best wishes for a grand success of the symposium.

N. NadarajanDirector

(N. Nadarajan)

I C A RHkkd`vuqi

Message

I am delighted to learn that a National Symposium on “Biodiversity & Food Security – Challenges and

Devising Strategies” is being jointly organized by Dheepura Society of Science and Rural

Development, Kanpur and Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur.

Biodiversity, essential for agriculture and food production is threatened by urbanization,

deforestation, pollution and the conversion of wet labs. A sustainable use of biodiversity and its

conservation is the key to food security to feed 1.2 billion Indian population. Climate change severely

impact biodiversity but only little systematic attempt has been made to understand the threats caused

by the climate change. The increasing awareness among the consumers about the possible hazards to

biodiversity have led to more stringent laws. World over, newer tools for risk assessment are being

introduced and the need to ensure safety from “farm to fork” is being emphasized.

In the present context, the symposium assumes a great significance and I am sure that the scientific

deliberations will enhance interactions and provide opportunities for young researchers and

scientists to meet and discuss these crucial issues to the role of biodiversity and food security in

ecological sustainability.

I wish the event / publication a good success.

(P. K. Seth)

Prof. P.K. Seth, Ph.D

FNASc, FNA, FAMSChief Executive OfficerBiotech Park, Lucknow &Former Director, IITR

Sector-G, Jankipuram, Kursi RoadLucknow – 226021 (U.P.), India

January 14, 2012

Local Organizing Committtee

G. Roopa Lavanaya Deptt. Of Genetic and Plant Breeding, SHIATS, Allahabad

Dr. V. Elongoran, Deptt. Of Applied Animal Science, BBAU, Lucknow

Dr.Venketesh Kumar, Deptt. Of Applied Animal Science, BBAU, Lucknow

Abhishek Kumar, Deptt of Biotechnology, Amity University Lucknow

Akhilesh Kumar Singh, Deptt of Biotechnology, Amity University ,Lucknow

Mehvash Ayeshad Hashmi, Deptt. Of Biotechnology, D.G.P.G. College Kanpur

Swapil Yadav, G.F. College Shahjahanpur

Dr. A. Kumar, Director, Triyambak Life Science

Dr. Amit Srivashtav, Deptt. Of Applied Animal Science, BBAU, Lucknow

Mohd Saeed, Deptt. of Biotechnology, Integral university Lucknow

Syed Osaid Ali, Biotechnology Research Foundation (BRF-K), Kanpur

Shaishta Siddiqui, Aqsa Institute Profesional Education, Max infotech

,

Special Assistance

Mohd. Kamran Khan, SHIATS, Allahabad

Suhel Mehandi, SHIATS, Allahabad

Sayed Mohd., Danish Rizvi, Integral University Lucknow

Er. Himanshu Awasthi, Amity University, Lucknow

Vibhanshu Kumar, CSJMU, Kanpur

Suyash Pnadey, CSJM, Kanpur

Ranjan Kumar, CSJM, Kanpur

Kamalesh Kumar Maurya, CSJMU, Kanpur

Jainul Khan, Christ Church. P.G. College, Kanpur

Rajender Yadav, Biotechnology Research Foundation, Kanpur

Invited Papers

1

I-01

ENSURING FOOD SECURITY IN INDIA BY 2050N. NadarajanIndian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur – 208 024

The population of India with a growth rate of about 2.3 percent has crossed almost 1.2 billion in 2010 and is likely to be the mostpopulous country in this world by 2050 with about 1.6 billion people. At present, India alone accounts for one fourth of all worldhunger. India needs to produce 265 million tons of cereals, about 40 million tons of pulses and nearly 450 million tons of all foodgrains by the end of 2050. The natural resources, which we have, are limited especially the land and water. Raising productivityof staples like rice and wheat is a challenge as the area under these grains is likely to remain constant or even decrease due toincreasing pressure on land for non-agricultural uses. Rainfed agriculture predominantly occupied by pulses, oilseeds andcoarse cereals accounting more than 60% of agricultural lands in India is highly prone to climate adversities posing a constantthreat for our food security. Water is also becoming scarce and single most important critical factor for agricultural productivitywhich is now becoming a major limiting factor for crop production. There is change in weather pattern and climatic condition.Frequency of erratic rain, floods and droughts have increased considerably. Fertility of land is declining. Soil health, too, hasbeen on a decline because of the excessive use of fertilisers and pesticides. Several micronutrients, vital for getting good cropyields, are becoming deficient. The yields of several key food crops are tending to reach the plateau. Achieving a quantum jumpin food production is thus difficult under such circumstances. The biggest challenge to food security has been posed by the globalwarming and the resultant climate change. Rice production in India could decrease by almost a tonne/hectare if the temperaturegoes up 20C, while each 10C rise in mean temperature could cause wheat yield losses of 7 million tonnes per year. The output ofother food crops is also likely to be hit by the climate change-induced erratic weather, more frequent droughts and floods andother stresses caused to the food crops. Coping with the impact of climate change on agriculture will require careful managementof resources like soil, water and biodiversity. Making agriculture sustainable is key, and is possible only through productionsystems that make the most efficient use of environmental goods and services without damaging these assets. Keeping in viewthe challenges of growing population and the need for food security, two major programmes have been launched recently toaugment food production and availability in the country. The first one is the ‘National Food Security Mission’ targeted to pushboth production and productivity of stable food grains such as wheat, rice and pulses on a mission mode. The other programme‘Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna’ provides for additional assistance by Central Government as 100% grant to incentivize States totake up agriculture development on priority and in a comprehensive manner with definite action plans.

Preservation of rich biodiversity , gene/allele mining, tapping potential fertile lands of eastern India for expansion of agriculturalcrops, higher seed replacement rates, quality seed production and distribution, transformation of the traditional monocroppingto double or multiple cropping systems in specific agroclimatic zones, development of climate resilient crops, biotechnologicalintervention for pest and drought proofing, efficient water and nutrient management and implementation of effective Governmentpolicies would be the strong basis for ensuring food security in India for 2050.

I-02

GENETIC ENHANCEMENT FOR YIELD AND OTHER TRAITS IN CHICKPEAS.K. Chaturvedi, N. Nadarajan, M. Aski, U. C. Jha and Neelu MishraIndian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur- 208024, India

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the major pulse crops grown in India covering 9.06 million hectares area and producing8.25 million tonnes of the grains. In India, more than 68% chickpea is still grown as rainfed crop on conserved soil moistureunder short and comparatively warm (central and south) to long and cool (north India) growing seasons. The chickpea is grownin many parts of the world (semi-arid to arid environments) covering Asia, Africa, Europe, Australia and North and SouthAmerica. South-eastern Turkey adjoining Syria is considered to be the centre of origin (Ladizinsky, 1975) for this crop. TheEuropean (kabuli: salmon white/beige coloured seeds) and the desi (coloured seeds) forms of chickpea may be viewed asindividualized races of Cicer arietinum L. The desi type accounts for about 85% of the world production and the balance beingkabuli however, cultivation of kabuli chickpea is increasing in India. Since, chickpea grains provide 2-3 times more protein thanmost of the cereals, thus forms major component of the agrarian diet of the Indian sub-continent. Its role in ensuring nutritionalsecurity and improving soil fertility is well documented. Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, AndhraPradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat and Bihar and Chhattisgarh are the major chickpea producing states sharing over 95 % area. During

INVITED PAPERS

Abstracts

2

last 10 years chickpea has registered significant positive growth in production, which is primarily due to introduction of highyielding and disease(s) resistant varieties and adoption of improved production technologies besides good market price andgovernment support in terms of quality seed and minimum support price. Large number of biotic (diseases, insect pests,nematodes and weeds) and abiotic (drought, temperature extremities) stresses are known to limit production and productivityof this crop. Under ambit of All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP), concerted breeding efforts led in development andrelease of more than 75 high yielding varieties possessing resistance to major stresses during last two decades by various stateagricultural universities (SAUs), Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) andInternational Crops Research Institute for the Semi Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). Systematic utilization of germplasm shared bypartners of national agricultural research system (NARS), ICRISAT and ICARDA (International Centre for Agricultural Researchin Dry Areas) has helped in development of wilt resistant, early maturing and large/extra large seeded varieties of chickpeawhich have paved the way for cultivation of this crop at commercial scale. Since, most of these high yielding varieties havesensitivity to one or other stresses, productivity could not be enhanced to the desired level. Broadening the genetic base throughexploitation of wild Cicer species and primitive land races from the centre of origin is likely to help in minimizing vulnerabilityof present day varieties against weather vagaries. Restructuring chickpea plant types so that these are amenable for mechanicalharvesting, incorporation of herbicide tolerance and insulating these varieties against multiple stresses will certainly help notonly in enhancing yield potential but also ensure reduced cost of cultivation making chickpea cultivation more remunerative.Molecular markers are likely to play an important role in pyramiding of genes conferring resistance to various biotic and abioticstresses. Once transgenics against dreaded insect pest, Helicoverpa armigera are available their utilization to minimize damage dueto this pest is suggested in present paper. The deployment of molecular markers for targeted transfer of gene(s) or/and QTLs hasbeen suggested to improve resistance against major biotic and abiotic stresses besides genetic yield potential. In view of theclimate change and globalization of agriculture, involvement of breeders, physiologists, molecular biologists and pathologistsin restructuring chickpea plant types for enhancement of realizable yield potential has been suggested.

I-03

TARGETING FOOD AND NUTRITIONAL SECURITY THROUGH PIGEONPEA HYBRIDSIN INDIAK .B. Saxena1 and N. Nadarajan2

1International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, (ICRISAT) Patancheru, AP 502324 2Indian Institute of PulsesResearch, Kanpur, UP

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) is a high protein (20-22%) crop with global area of 4.9 m ha sown under rainfed conditionsin Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean. In Asia, pigeonpea is grown in an area of 4.33 m ha with production of 3.8 mtons. India has the largest area (3.38 m ha) under pigeonpea, followed by Myanmar (580,000 ha) and China (150,000 ha). Between1976 and 2009 pigeonpea recorded 56% increase in area (2.76 to 4.33 m ha) and 56% increase in production (2.14 to 3.8 m t) but theproductivity has remained unchanged at around 700 kg/ha. To overcome the production constraint, a hybrid breeding technologythat is based on cytoplasmic nuclear male-sterility (CMS) system and natural out-crossing was developed very recently. Besides,25-30% yield advantage in farmers’ fields. The hybrids, in general, exhibit greater drought tolerance and adaptation underdiverse growing conditions with no additional input. Since the hybrid plants have greater biomass, they require 50% less seedrate and produce large quantity of fuel wood. The hybrids produce good yields under both rain-fed and irrigated conditions andunder good management yields of 3000 - 4000 kg/ha can be harvested easily. We believe that the hybrids will bring a breakthroughin pigeonpea productivity and stability at individual farmer’s level and help in enhancing food and nutritional security amongthe resource poor farmers.

I-04

CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE –ISSUES AND STRATEGIESP.K.Ghosh and Narendra KumarIndian institute of pulses research, Kanpur

Conservation agriculture (CA), which is mainly based on the three principles of minimum soil disturbance, permanent soilcover and crop rotation, has shown to improve, conserve and use natural resources in a more efficient way through integratedmanagement of available soil, water and biological resources. While conventional cultivation generally results in loss of soil Cand nitrogen, conservation agriculture has proven potential of converting many soils from sources to sinks of atmospheric C,sequestering carbon in soil as organic matter. Leaving crop residue on the field is another practice which could have animportant impact on the global carbon cycle.Expansion of conservation agriculture can create a win-win situation throughpromoting more efficient crop production and reducing soil degradation while maintaining ecosystem integrity. As a result, the

Invited Papers

3

impact of conservation agriculture has been markedly positive both in agricultural, environmental, economic and social terms.However, the success o conservation agriculture in rainfed areas depends on two critical elements, viz., residue retention onsurface and weed control. Since residue is generally used as fodder in drylands, there is a need to determine the minimumresidue that can be retained without affecting the crop-livestock system. Initially, emphasis may be given for crops whoseresidue is not used as fodder. Conversions to CA should be gradual farmers need to learn to manage the new system properlyunder his circumstances and conditions. Benefit offer by CA are not obvious in the beginning. Once the step-wise adoptionsbegin, CA improves its performance.

I-05

IMPACT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON PULSE PRODUCTIVITY-ISSUES ANDSTRATEGIESP.S. BasuIndian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208024

The climate change is primarily a consequence of increasing concentration of CO2 and other greenhouse gases leading to rise inthe earth temperature called global warming and its possible impact on agricultural productivity including pulses has nowbecome a serious concern. The benefits of high CO2 in the atmosphere are not yet evident or realized in terms of enhancedphotosynthesis or productivity in agricultural crops because of the dominating negative effects of high temperature on plantmetabolism. The climate change has both direct and indirect effect on crop plants. Among direct effects, the CO2 and temperatureare the major climatic variables affecting the productivity of the crops. While, shifting of rainfall pattern, hydrological cycles,depletion of soil organic content due to enhanced soil microbial respiration and massive changes in the pest and diseaseincidence are indirect effects of climate change and are considered to be more severe impacts on crop productivity associatedwith rise in the temperature. The indirect effects of climate change causing erratic distribution of rainfall, suboptimal precipitation,early or delayed monsoon, shifting of south-west monsoon, temperature extremities, all are combindly becoming the majorcause of recurrent drought events in many agro climatic zones of India. According to projection of IPCC (IntergovernmentalPanels on Climate Change) the CO2 concentrations of the atmosphere will be increased by 735 ppm from the present level of 380ppm with a concomitant rise in temperature to 3-4 0C by 2080.Unless and until, serious efforts to be made for preventing the risein the CO2 due human activities , the increase in the temperature and consequently aberrant climatic conditions decliningagricultural productivity at alarming rate and shortage of country’s foodgrains production is inevitable.

Pulses in general being rainfed crops are subjected to multiple stresses in the changing scenario of climate. Summer or kharifpulses are more tolerant to high temperature than winter pulses. The cool-seasoned legumes like chickpea, lentil , fieldpea aremore prone to expose at high temperature exceeding 400C during reproductive phase. The reproductive parts such as pollengermination, ovule viability, anthesis , pod set and grain development are more adveserly affected >35 C than photosynthesis.Among winter pulses, fieldpea is highly sensitive to high temperature followed by lentil and chickpea in respect to ability to setpods > 35 C. Pigeonpea is highly sensitive to temperature extremities both below 7 C and above 40 C . Stunted growth, scorchingof apical meristem, forced maturity, induced senescence, reduced or incomplete grain, pod abortion, empty pods, hardening ofseeds , reduced pollen germination etc are typical visible symptoms observed in pulses subjected to high temperatures. Genotypeswith early phenology have advantages over late flowering groups in terms of avoiding heat stress. Therefore, development ofhigh yielding varieties with short maturity period and identification of drought tolerant varieties with inherent ability forthermotoerance have been suggested as one of the important strategies to improve yield of pulses under warm climate besidesadoption of appropriate management practices to mitigate different abiotic stresses.

I-06

INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT IN RAINFED PRODUCTION SYSTEMSM.S. Venkatesh and K.K. HazraIndian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur 208 024

In many parts of the Semi-arid India, lower productivity of rain fed crops was linked to the water shortage. Erratic rainfall andcultivation of crops without balanced nutrient inputs has led to decline in productivity of rainfed crops. Due to low productivityof the dry lands, it was assumed that the mining of nutrients is much less than under the irrigated systems. However, in theIndian rainfed regions, negative balances of nitrogen and phosphorous and recently, wide spread deficiency of other nutrientelements such as sulfur (S), zinc (Zn) and boron (B) have been reported in the rainfed areas of India.

Generally, the use of mineral and organic fertilizers in the rainfed production systems is minimal compared to the irrigatedproduction systems. Most of the fertilizer used in India is confined to irrigated production systems. In the rainfed production

Abstracts

4

systems, the deficiency of nutrients are increasing in spread due to little amounts of organic manures used, poor recycling of cropresidues and low use of N and P nutrients. In the recent years, there is a set back to the use of single super phosphate and nowfertilizer materials like diammonium phosphate and several grades of complex fertilizers are being used as major nutrientssources by the farmers and as a consequence soils are increasingly becoming deficient in sulfur (S) and other micronutrients. Useof chemical fertilizers in past three decades has no doubt played a pivotal role in bringing out green revolution in India but theirindiscriminate use has not only resulted in their under-utilization or leaching of nutrients to the underground water resourcesbesides adversely affecting the nutrient balance in the soils. It is now being increasingly realized that concept of nutrientmanagement through integrated use of organic manures or materials and chemical fertilizers especially under rainfed productionsystems can help in sustaining crop production including pulses and more importantly maintaining the soil ecosystem. Integrationof chemical, organic and biological source of nutrients and their efficient management have been found effective in not onlysustaining the productivity and soil fertility but also sustaining a part of mineral fertilizers in rainfed production system. Thebasic concept underlying integrated nutrient management (INM) is the maintenance or adjustment of soil fertility / productivityand of optimum plant nutrient supply for sustaining the desired level of crop productivity through optimization of benefitsfrom all possible sources of plant nutrients including locally available ones in an integrated manner while ensuring environmentalquality. In practical terms, INM is a system of crop nutrition in which plant nutrient needs are met through a pre-plannedintegrated use of mineral fertilizers, organic manures / fertilizers (eg. Green manure, recyclable waste, crop residues, fym etc.)and bio fertilizers. Appropriate combination of different sources of nutrients varies according to the system of land use andecological, social and economical conditions at the local level. The interactive effects of various components of INM (organicmanure, crop residue and bio fertilizer besides mineral fertilizer) have been found superior to their single use.

I-07

DEVELOPMENT OF HERBICIDE TOLERANT FOOD LEGUME CROPS THROUGHGENETIC ENGINEERING: POSSIBILITIES AND PROSPECTSN. P. Singh1 and Indu Singh Yadav2

1Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208010, India2National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, NewDelhi-110012, India

Weeds are one of the major problems in agriculture. Weeds compete with other crops for water and nutrients and, as a result,decrease yields and productivity. Without weed control it is extremely difficult to harvest crops. Mechanical weed control isfraught with high-energy costs, facilitates soil erosion and compaction and has been mostly replaced by chemical weed controlusing herbicides. As countries industrialize and develop economically, cheap farm labour becomes unavailable, thus increasingthe necessity for cost-effective chemical weed control. In India, weeds cause the highest loss (33%) followed by pathogens (26%),insects (20%), storage pests (7%), rodents (6%) and others (8%). In India, it has been estimated that the potential yield losses dueto weeds in different field crops would be around 180 million tonnes, valued at Rs. 105,0000 millions annually (Anonymous,2008). As compared to developed countries, however, the position is different as herbicides form a meagre 15 percent of the totalpesticide consumption in India. But still, the consumption has increased rapidly from 4100 metric tons (MT) in 1988-89 to 13,764MT in 2004 and it is likely to further increase in future (Varshney and Mishra, 2008). Given the harmful economic implicationsof poor weed management, it is hardly surprising that herbicide production is a main driver of the agrochemical industry. Toooften there is no selective chemical that can control a particular weed in a particular crop, as most selectivity between crop andweed are due to catabolic degradation of the herbicide by the crop. Therefore, closely related weeds are to be expected to havesimilar catabolic pathways as the crop and thus escape the chemical effect. This is one major reason that genetically modifiedherbicide-resistant crops (GM-HRC) have become so useful, and that biotechnology has been utilized to produce such crops aswell as to find new herbicide targets. Selectivity can be enhanced by inserting exogenous resistance genes into the crops or byselecting natural mutations. However, one major concern about transgenic herbicide resistant crops (HRCs) is that the transgenecould genetically introgress into related weeds, and make them resistant and therefore, their careful management comes intoaccount. In 2003, herbicide resistant crops made up 73% of the total genetically-modified (GM) crop growing area, while insectresistant crops only constituted 18%. The food legumes like chickpea, pigeonpea, fieldpea, lentils urdbean and mungbean arevery important for food and nutritional security of poor people in India. These crops suffer to a great extent (33%) due toinfestation by weeds. At present, no successful post emergence selective weedicide is available which can be effective to controlweeds as these crops are highly sensitive to application of herbicides. However, development of genetically modified herbicidetolerant pulse crop is not priority researchable area in India. Although, genetic transformation has been successfully attemptedin chickpea, pigeonpea and fieldpea with bar gene (used as selectable marker) and stable transformants have been recoveredwhich show considerable degree of resistance to phosphinothricin (Singh et al., 2009). This work has paved the way to developherbicide tolerant transgenics in these crops. However, there are far too few concrete molecular and biochemical data publishedabout the properties of these crops and thus there are problems in evaluating them for improvements.

Adoption of molecular-based methods in weed science research will bring a new dimension to the science and can have “farreaching benefits in agriculture and biotechnology”. One potential benefit of genomics research is the discovery of new targets

Invited Papers

5

for herbicide action. Other benefits may include identification and use of genes that contribute to a crop’s competitive ability(e.g., early shoot emergence, rapid early growth, fast canopy closure, production of allelochemicals). Genomics may alsodiscover genes that contribute to weediness, a plant’s perennial growth habit, seed dormancy and allelopathy.

I-08

DNA MARKERS AND MARKERS ASSISTED SELECTION IN FOOD CROPSP. K. Agrawal and J. C. BhattVivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan (ICAR), Almora- 263601, UttarakhandEmail: pawancrri@yahoo.co.in

Molecular markers have been applied in quantification of genetic diversity, genotype identification, delineation and markerassisted selection. They have been effectively used due to their abundance, high level of polymorphism, reproducibility andbeing independent of the environment, in many food crops like rice, wheat, maize, soybean, chickpea and lentil. Different typesof DNA markers used in food crops include RAPD, RFLP, AFLP, SSRs, ISSR, STMS, EST-SSRs and SNPs.

DNA makers have been used successfully for ‘Maker Assisted Selection (MAS)’ in many food crops like rice, maize, wheat andsoybean for improvement of quality traits, durable resistance against diseases and insect-pests and abiotic stresses like salinityand submergence. In rice Improved Pusa Basmati 1 for resistance against bacterial blight and Swarna Sub 1 for submergencetolerance are successful examples. Similarly Vivek QPM 9 was the first MAS derived QPM maize released for commercialcultivation. FQH 38 and FQH 55 are the two promising QPM hybrids derived from marker assisted breeding. Similarly MASwork is going on in many laboratories of India in different food crops like wheat, soybean and chickpea. In wheat the emphasisis being on rust resistance and quality traits whereas it on resistance against resistances against diseases in chickpea and kunitztrypsin inhibitor-free varieties in soybean. Similar efforts are being made by many laboratories globally in those crops.Molecular breeding employing DNA markers not only saves resources but also expedite the breeding breeding programme byreducing the time required for development of varieties. It is quite evident from those successful examples.

I-09

MANAGEMENT OF SOIL BORNE PATHOGENS IN PULSESR.G. ChaudharyIndian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208 024E-mail: rgc_1234@yahoo.com.

More than 100 pathogens are known to attack the pulses. However, the major pathogens which are primarily soil borne andcause root and stem diseases are economically most important and are limited in number. Many of them are also seed bornewhich play active role in their dissemination, distribution and annual recurrence. Such pathogens need multipronged approachesfor management of soil as well as seed borne inocula. The major soil borne pathogens are Fusarium oxysporum, F.udum, F. solani.F. equisetii, F. chlamydosporum, Rhizoctonia solani, R. bataticola (Macrophomina phaseolina), Sclerotium rolfsii, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum,Phytophthora drechsleri f. sp. cajani (Pdc), Ascochyta spp. and Pythium spp. These pathogens cause wilts, wet root rot, dry root rot,damping off, stem rot, collar rot and stem blight etc. in different pulse crops. Except wilt pathogens, Pdc and Ascochyta spp. whichare specific to their hosts, all others have wide host range and infect all pulses in different regions and seasons under favourableenvironments. The factors which determine the longevity of survival, infection processes, intensity of disease etc. in a field aresoil texture, moisture, pH, soil temperature, cropping systems, presence of host crop residues, soil ecology and cultural practicesadopted for the crop management. Thus, above factors ultimately form the basis for the management of soil borne pathogens ofmajor grain legumes. The approaches found effective for their management are fallowing, deep ploughing in summer and rainyseason, crop rotations, wider spacings, adjustment of sowing dates, clean cultivation, ridge planting, need based irrigation,growing disease resistant varieties, use of bioagents and need based seed treatment and spray of fungicides. Crops which havebeen found most effective in the management of soil borne pathogens in pulse ecosystem are sorghum, linseed, sesame, wheat,mustard, barley and tobacco. The allelo chemicals from their roots are antagonistic to these pathogens and adversely affect theirpopulation and infection process. Breeding resistant varieties are the best option for disease management. Concentrated effortsin past two decades have led to release of resistant varieties against wilts of chickpea, pigeonpea and lentil, tolerant varieties ofchickpea against dry root rot and ascochyta blight and tolerant varieties of pigeonpea against phytophthora blight. However,Variability in wilt and root rot pathogens has been a limitation in the stability of resistance. Efforts are on to identify the racesand race specific donors for wilt and dry root rot resistance. Within the frame work of integrated management systems biocontrolof diseases in pulse crops is being successfully exploited. Informations available indicated the effectiveness of Trichoderma spp.,Pacilomyces lilacinus, Aspergillus spp. Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis in the management of wilts, root rots and collar

Abstracts

6

rot pathogens in pulse ecosystem. However, there is need to findout more efficient isolates of these bioagents which are effectiveunder diverse edaphic conditions such as high temperature, high pH, high moisture and moisture stress environments wheregrain legumes are generally grown. The potential of genetic engineering in the understanding of disease resistance genes andtheir pyramiding for developing multi race, multi disease and multi adversity resistant variety at faster speed is the need of theday for sustainable IDM systems.

I-10

EFFECT OF HANPV AT DIFFERENT STAGES AGAINST POD BORER, HELICOVERPAARMIGERA HUBN. IN PIGEONPEAS. K. Singh and Jeewesh KumarIndian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur

Indian Institute of Pulses Research is implementing DAC funded collaborative project on “Increasing Chickpea and PigeonpeaProduction through Intensive Application of Integrated Pest Management” since May 2010 with 3 sites (Maudaha and Kurara inHamirpur and Kamasin in Banda district). Long duration pigeonpea was cultivated in three locations to demonstrate IPMmodules at different stage of crop at farmer’s fields. To assess efficacy of HaNPV, total 125 pigeonpea farmers including 60 inKamasin (Banda), 35 in Kurara and 30 in Maudaha (Hamirpur) were identified, respectively. Farmers sprayed HaNPV @ 250 LEat different crop stages viz; flower initiation, flowering, flowering & podding and podding in Kamasin, Kurara and Maudaha.The effect of HaNPV indicated that spraying at flower initiation stage was found very effective in reduction of larval populationof pod borer in pigeonpea, Only 9.42 % pod damage and highest yield 12.00q/ha was recorded in Kamasin unit of Banda district,Kurara (8.77 % pod damage and yield 10.30 q/ha) and Maudaha (8.18 % pod damage and yield 10.00 q/ha) followed by floweringstage with 11.70 % pod damage and yield 1.50 q/ha in Kamasin, 10.23 % pod damage and yield 8.90 q/ha in Kurara, 10.40 % poddamage and yield 8.20 q/ha in Maudaha. Spraying at poding was least effective with highest 18.06 % pod damage and lowestyield 8.40 q/ha in Kamasin, 16.87 % pod damage and 6.20q/ha yield, 15.60 % pod damage and 5.10q/ha yield. Majority of farmerswere convinced with the effect of HaNPV at flowering stage against control of pod borer in pigeonpea. Farmers expressed theirwillingness to apply HaNPV in large scale provided availability in the nearby market is assured. It has been inferred from thestudy that quality HaNPV should be available in time at local market for large scale application.

I-11

GENETIC ENHANCEMENT FOR IMPROVEMENT OF URDBEAN AND MUNGBEANSanjeev GuptaIndian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur

Urdbean and mungbean are ancient crops of India. These are grown either as a subsistence intercrop during kharif season,monocrop on residual moisture in rabi (rice fallow) or in spring/summer season in between two main crops. Therefore,breeding for each growing situation is of immense importance. Breeding for early maturity (65-75 days) provides suitability forits cultivation in summer/spring season. Since MYMV is serious production constraints for these crops, breeding for resistanceto diseases was emphasized. With the introduction of crop in rice fallow of coastal regions, breeding for resistance to powderymildew and cercospora leaf spot has also assumed importance. However, attention also needs to be given to breeding forresistance to bacterial leaf spot, macrophomina blight and crinkle virus and tolerance to hairy caterpillar, galerucid beetle andblister beetle. Wherever possible, breeding for green seeded types and increased seed size has also been undertaken. Nevertheless,increased seed yield has been the primary objective in almost all breeding programmes. Conventional methods have been usedalmost exclusively in breeding programmes. These include mass selection, pedigree selection, back crossing and mutationbreeding. Nearly, 50 % of the cultivars released so far were selections from landraces. Therefore, selection has been the predominantmethod of improvement. With the crops occupying area under non-traditional production system e.g., summer/ spring cultivationand in rice fallows, need of combining two or more traits in a cultivar was gradually experienced. As a result, during the last twodecades, more than 70 % of releases were developed through hybridization. Single, double, three- way and back crosses wereused for the creation of desired recombinants. Top crosses, intermatings in early segregating generations and recurrent selectionsare not popular at the moment in improvement programme. The modest beginning was made for use of mutagens in creatingdesired variability for early maturity traits. Three early maturing cultivars viz., Co 4, Sarla and Vamban 2 of urdbean and MUM2 of mungbean have been developed through mutation breeding. Sarla and Vamban 2 are MYMV resistant mutant of T 9 whileCo 4 is a bold seeded mutant of Co 1. For other desired traits, e.g., erectness, compact plant type, seed coat colour, etc., themethod is yet to be used extensively. Interspecific hybridization has gained impetus during last two decades as improvedhybridization techniques have increased the possibilities of successful crosses. HUM1, Pant M 4, Meha and IPM 2-3 of mungbean,Mash 101, VBG 4-008, KUG 417 and TU 26-1 of urdbean are successful products of interspecific hybridization.

Invited Papers

7

Past breeding efforts in the development of urdbean varieties have utilized only a fraction of the vast available diversity. Pre-breeding or genetic enhancement needs emphasis for transfer or introgression of genes and gene combinations from unadaptedsources into more usable breeding material. There are indications that novel and useful traits can be successfully combined fromrelated species. For example, more seeds per pod of mungbean can be transferred to urdbean. Bruchid resistance, an altogethernovel characteristic not found in the parent species, can be recovered in the segregating generations of mungbean x urdbeancross. Development of relatively photo and thermoinsensitive coupled early flowering varieties could be another strategy forincreasing production. Such varieties can be grown, as intercrops during non- traditional seasons or as catch crop in existingrotations without disturbing the economically dominant crops.

I-12

GENETIC ENHANCEMENT FOR IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY OF FIELDPEA ANDLATHYRUSG.P. DixitIndian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur

Fieldpea is an important rabi pulse crop which is highly productive and is grown for food, feed and vegetable. In Indian, fieldpeaoccupies 0.76 million hectare area with an annual production of 0.67 million tons. Unlike other pulse crops, its cultivation is alsodistributed to the rainfed areas and on marginal and sub-marginal lands generally poor is soil fertility. Apart from agro-ecological constraints, fieldpea is prone to diseases like powdery mildew, rust and root rot. These biotic stresses have beenreported to reduce the productivity of pea crop by 15-20%. Some other major constraints are high temperature stress andsusceptibility to water logging. In India, field pea breeders have concentrated on three characters viz. tendril (afila), dwarf planttype and powdery mildew resistance. These three genes are being extensively used in the breeding programme which hasresulted in the development of a number of high yielding varieties resistant to powdery mildew. The first powdery mildewresistant variety Rachna was released in 1980. This variety was developed from cross T 163 X Type 10. Later, some more powderymildew resistant and high yielding tall varieties like Pant P 5, DMR 7, HUP 2, KFP 103, JP 885, Ambika, Adarsh and Aman werereleased for different zones. Similarly, a number of varieties which combine resistance to powdery mildew with dwarf statureand leafless trait have also been developed. HFP 4 (Aparna) was the first dwarf, leafless and powdery mildew resistant varietydeveloped from the cross of T 163 with an exotic line EC 109196. A popular dwarf variety HUDP 15 is the product of the cross (PG3 X S 143) X FC 1 and has resistance against powdery mildew and fairly good tolerance to rust. Recently, several short durationand dwarf varieties like Adarsh, Vikas and Prakash have been developed which escapes terminal stress and have the yieldpotential of about 2.5 ton per hectare. There are some promising areas that need greater attention from field pea breeders. Thestem of pea plant is very thin and lodges at an early stage. A genetic system that can make strong and thick stem will help inincreasing its yield. Other aspect of pea breeding could be to evolve early maturing varieties as it helps to maximize the yieldper unit time. At the same time, such varieties will vacate the field in time for the spring planting of mungbean, urdbean orsugarcane and thus can fit well in various cropping systems. Another aspect of pea breeding could be to initiate breedingprogrammes for dual purpose (feed-fodder). Thus, the future needs of pea breeding should be to develop high temperaturetolerance, short duration, non-lodging and disease free varieties with 3.5 to 4.0 ton productivity.

Lathyrus sativus L. also called grasspea or chickling pea is another important rabi pulse crop mainly used as food, feed and fodder.It is very tolerant of drought conditions and has been grown successfully in areas with an average annual precipitation of 380 to650 mm. It has a very hardy and penetrating root system and, therefore, can be grown on a wide range of soil type, includingvery poor soil and heavy clays. Despite all the advantages compared to other crops, relatively little efforts has been extended toimprove this very hardy pulse crop. The main reason has been the knowledge that excessive consumption of grasspea can leadto a neurological disorder, called Lathyrism in man and domestic animals. Lathyrus occupy an area of 0.45 million hectares withannual production of 0.31 million tons. Its cultivation is mainly concentrated in the states of Madhya Pradesh, Chhatisgarh,Maharashtra, Bihar and West Bengal. Approximately, 70% of the acreage is concentrated in Chhatisgarh and Vidarbha region ofMaharashtra. This is a rice growing region having canal irrigation for rice only and no water is available for winter crops, thus,Lathyrus is the only alternative/ bonus crop grown under paira (relay) cropping. Under this situation, it resists extreme harshconditions of excessive moisture at sowing and moisture stress at later states of crop growth, and yields 3 to 4 quintals of grainper hectare.

Two approaches were suggested to tackle the problem of toxicity — developing varieties of Lathyrus which are either low orcompletely free of ODAP through breeding, or detoxification of dal through leaching as ODAP is a water soluble compound.Efforts were made through crop improvement programme for collection of local cultivars and isolation of single plant progeniessuperior in yields. The extensive testing and evaluation resulted in the recommendation by the Pulses Research Workshop in1974 for the release of variety Pusa 24 with very small amounts of ODAP (0.2%) and suitable for upland cultivation. Furtherresearch work helped in identifying 3 varieties ‘LSD 1’, ‘LSD 3’ and ‘LSD 6’ with low neurotoxin, ranging from 0.15 to 0.2%. While‘LSD 6’ was recommended for upland cultivation, LSD 1 and LSD 3 were suitable for Utera cultivation in rice fallows. Recently,

Abstracts

8

three varieties viz, Ratan (BioL 212), Prateek (LS 157-14) and Mahateora (RLS 4595) have been developed with yield level of 1.2-1.5 t/ha and very low toxin level (< 0.1 %).

Detoxification of the compound by a number of approaches is another option considered to achieve this goal. Detoxificationtechniques feasible both at community and home scale level are to be developed. About 90% of neurotoxin is known to seep outinto boiling water, but has limited practical scope. This is because there are some intricate problems associated with it likemarketing and distribution of detoxified and non-toxified stocks, keeping quality etc. That is the reason why the Govt. agencieshave not accepted the responsibility of detoxification. Hence, the current approach of breeding for low and stable ODAP is theonly feasible option and should continue using techniques of molecular genetics to characterize the genes and identify importantlinkages to facilitate gene transfer to suitable agronomic bases. Also, genotypes with high seed yield, herbage production andharvest index are to be developed for the replacement of fallows with an aim to increase forage production and improve soilfertility.

I-13

PHYTOCHEMICALS IN PULSES: ROLE IN HUMAN HEALTHJagdish SinghIndian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208 024

Pulse grains are rich source of protein (containing almost twice the amount of protein compared to cereal grains), dietary fiber,complex carbohydrates, resistant starch and an array of vitamins and minerals such as folate, potassium, selenium and zinc. Theyare low in fat, and being a plant food, contain no cholesterol. Pulses also contain certain bioactive components such as enzymeinhibitors, lectins, flatulence causing galacto-oligosaccharides, polyphenols, phytates and saponins-also known as anti-nutritionalfactors (ANFs)-that affect the digestibility and bioavailability of nutrients. Generally the processing of pulses inhibits or reducesthe activity of these compounds. In this era of intense bioactive research, the same ANFs are undergoing reappraisal and manyof these non-nutritive phytochemicals are increasingly being recognised for their potential benefits for human health. Lignansand isoflavones have anticarcinogenic, weak oestrogenic and antioxidant properties. Phenolic compounds, including tanninsfound mainly in the seed coat have antioxidant activity. Phytoestrogens in pulses may play a role in the prevention of hormone-related cancers, such as breast and prostate cancer. Phytic acid exhibits antioxidant activity and protects DNA damage; phenoliccompounds have antioxidant and other important physiological and biological properties, saponins have been shown to possessanti-cancer activity and may be beneficial for hyperlipidemia. These compounds can have complementary and overlappingmechanisms of action, including modulation of detoxifying enzymes, stimulation of the immune system, regulation of lipid andhormone metabolism, antioxidant, antimutagen, and antiangiogenic effects, reduction of tumor initiation, and promotion andinduction of apoptosis. The on-going research is investigating and substantiating the role of pulses and the individualphytochemicals in offering protective and therapeutic effects to chronic health conditions such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases,diabetes and cancer. The common processing procedures, such as soaking and cooking, may decrease the levels of these bioactivecompounds and subsequent overall antioxidant activity. Thus, the effect of soaking, cooking and steaming processes in relationto total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and ferric reducing ability of plasma antioxidant activity (FRAPAA) has also been discussed.

I-14

CROPPING SYSTEMS IN RELATION TO CLIMATE CHANGENarendra Kumar, K.K. Hazra and M.K. SinghIndian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur

India is the second most populous country in the world, and at present rate of population growth, it may reached 1,500 millionby the year 2025 AD, requiring 315-340 million tonnes of food grains. Climate change is one of the most important globalenvironmental challenges facing humanity with implications for food production, natural ecosystem, fresh water supply, healthcare, etc. Increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and other green house gases viz., methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) andCFC due to fossil fuel burning, rapid industrialization, deforestation and increased agricultural activities, reduce the amount ofearth’s radiation, which escape to space. This results in consequent warming earth’s surface as well as lower atmosphere.According to the available reports, India is most vulnerable to the climate change. International Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) projected that after 2050, temperature would rise by 3-4 degrees over current levels. The climate change has the potentialto change significantly the productivity of agriculture. Some high productive areas may become less productive and vice-versa.Most profound effect of climate change is a drastic change in the rainfall pattern, delayed monsoon or inadequate precipitationleading to conversion of some part drier and vulnerable, particularly in rainfed agro-ecosystem. Water crisis as a result of

Invited Papers

9

climate change is quite eminent. Drought will further intensify in the regions already suffering shortage of water resources.Under such situation, the existing cropping systems dominated by cereal crops (rice-wheat, maize-wheat, etc) will suffer most.Thus, diversification of cereal based cropping systems will reduce the ill effect of both, climate change and the existing croppingsystem. Pulses and oilseeds are the most suitable options for diversification of cereal based cropping system. Pulses and oilseedshave wide adaptive mechanisms such as very deep rooting system, high degree of dehydration tolerance, phenotypic plasticity,wide ranging sensitivity towards photothermoperiods and higher moisture retention capacity. All these attributes enable themto thrive well under any non-specific abiotic stresses and provide them to adapt in diverse climatic conditions such as fromtropical, sub-tropical and temperate conditions. Thus, sustainability of the existing cropping systems may be maintained throughdiversification of existing cropping systems under changing climatic scenario.

I -15

BIOINSPIRED INORGANIC NANOMATERIALS SYNTHESIS AND THEIRAPPLICATIONS IN FOOD AND RELATED SECTORS.Absar AhmadBiochemical Sciences Division,National Chemical Laboratory, Pune-411008 (M.S), India.Email: a.ahmad@ncl.res.in

Inorganic nanomaterials of different sizes, shapes and chemical compositions possess great potential for future applications infood, medicine and cosmetics. One of the important challenges of considerable topical significance in nanotechnology is thedevelopment of eco-friendly experimental processes for the economical synthesis of nanomaterials in large quantities of variablesize, shape and chemical composition. While it is recognized that some of the most exquisite nanomaterials are made bybiological systems (examples include silica in diatoms and magnetite in magnetotactic bacteria), the potential to exploitmicroorganisms in a creative manner in the laboratory for eco-friendly synthesis of nanomaterials is still largely under-exploited.In this talk, we describe our research into the use of plant microorganisms and plant extracts in the synthesis ofbiocompatible, water soluble, fluorescent and protein capped metal, metal sulfide, quantum dots and oxide nanoparticles ofdifferent sizes and shapes. In a significant departure from bacteria-based methods for nanomaterial synthesis that have beeninvestigated in some detail, we have shown that plant microorganisms such as fungi and actinomycetes when challenged withaqueous metal ions are capable of reducing the ions both intra and extra-cellularly resulting in the formation of stable metalnanoparticles. The formation of metal nanoparticles occurs by an enzymatic process and thus, the fungus-based synthesis processis not limited to reduction reactions alone. The versatility of this approach is underlined by our findings that enzymes such assulphite reductase, nitrate reductase and hydrolyzing proteins are secreted by the fungi in response to metal stress therebyleading to the possibility of synthesis of quantum dots, metal nanoparticles and nanooxides. The biosynthesis of nanooxidesusing fungi is exciting since the synthesis occurs at room temperature and thus could be of considerable commercial value.Fungienjoy a close symbiotic relationship with plants and hence, it is quite likely that plant extracts may also possess useful biomoleculeswhich not only carry out the range of biotransformations listed above but also control the shape of nanoparticles. We havestudied a number of plant extracts for realizing metal nanoparticles and have observed that the Geranium and Lemongrassextracts result in shape modulated gold nanoparticles. In particular, the reaction of aqueous gold ions with Lemongrass extractresulted in the large-scale synthesis of gold nanotriangles with interesting near infrared absorption. Potential application of thegold nanotriangles, magnetite and other inorganic nanoparticles in medicine, cosmetics, maintenance of food quality andfreshness, better traceability and safety of food products, new tastes, flavours and food textures, detection of pathogens in foodsystems, improved food storage, etc. are being investigated.We have also isolated, purified and completely characterized arange of plant based drugs such as Taxol, Vinblastine and Vincristine from endophytic fungi and recently initiated furtherimportant steps of functionalizing the nanoparticles synthesized by green chemistry approach for targeted drug deliveryapplications.

I -16

MANAGEMENT OF VIRAL DISEASES IN FOOD CROPSMohd. Akram and NaimuddinDivision of Crop Protection, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur 208024

Plants, whether cultivated or wild, grow and produce well as long as the soil provides them sufficient nutrients and moisture andsun provides them sufficient light and temperature. Plants, however also get sick. Sick plants grow and produce poorly. Plantsexhibit various types of symptoms and often parts of plants or whole plants die. It is not well understood whether diseasedplants feel pain or discomfort. It is very difficult to pinpoint exactly when one or more essential function of a plant or plant parts

Abstracts

10

is/are interfered with by either pathogenic microorganisms or adverse environmental factors, the activities of the cells aredisrupted, altered, or inhibited, the cells malfunction or die, and the plants become diseased.

Among the diseases causing agents, viruses are the most difficult one to manage simply because they make use of host machineryfor their multiplication. A virus is a nucleoprotein that has the ability to cause diseases in all forms of living organisms, fromsingle celled microorganisms to large plants and animals. The total number of viruses known to date exceeds 2000, and newviruses are described regularly.   Approximately one fourth of all known viruses attack plants and causes diseases in them.Viruses are among the agriculturally most important and biologically intriguing groups of plant pathogens. Plant viral diseasescause serious economic losses in many major food crops by reducing yield and quality and often determine whether and whena crop is planted in a cropping system. Although viruses are relatively simple genetic entities, still largely unknown are themechanisms by which the many symptoms of disease are generated and by which plants resist these effects.   

Plant virus diseases may damage any one or all parts/crops of a plant and may cause economic losses reducing yields and qualityof plant products. Losses may be catastrophic, or they may be mild and insignificant. The severity of individual virus diseasemay vary with the locality and the crop variety and from one season to other. Some virus diseases have destroyed entireplantings of certain crops in some areas, for example Geminiviruses of tomato, plum pox, hoja blanca of rice, sugar beet yellows,papaya ring spot virus and citrus tristiza may destroyed whole crops in some areas. Potyviruses and Geminiviruses, not only inIndia but also all over the world, cause the largest numbers of diseases. Other groups of viruses, which are fast emerging asserious pathogens, are Badnaviruses, Ilarviruses, Nanoviruses and Tospoviruses. Losses caused by these viruses are enormous.Potyviruses are a major constraint in the production of a variety of crops like sugarcane, potato, cucurbits, papaya, grain legumesand vegetables. In India, a Nanovirus causes the most damaging bunchy top disease of banana and Tospoviruses are increasinglybecoming most destructive in vegetables and grain legumes.

Management of viral diseases are much more difficult than that of diseases caused by other pathogens as viral diseases havecomplex disease cycle, efficient vector transmission and no effective viricide. The best way to control a viral disease is bykeeping it out of an area through systems of quarantine inspection and certification particularly in those areas where theparticular diseases do not exist. Eradication of diseased plants to eliminate inoculum from the field may, in some cases, suppressthe disease. Reducing the population of insect vectors and removing weeds that serve as hosts of both virus and vector may alsohelp, to some extent, lower down the disease incidences. The losses caused by nematode transmitted viruses can be reducedconsiderably by soil fumigation to control the nematodes. Periodic indexing of the mother plants producing propagative organsis necessary to ascertain their continuous freedom from viruses. Serological testing of mother plants, seeds and nursery stock forviruses by ELISA techniques and more recently by nucleic acid based techniques has helped greatly in reducing the frequency ofviruses in the propagating stock of crop plants.        

One of the important methods to control viral diseases is the use of varieties which are resistant to vectors, seed transmission,symptoms development, cell to cell movement and virus multiplication. The tools and techniques of molecular biology developedin the past 50 years however have become increasingly integrated with all the disciplines of sciences. Development of resistanttransgenic crops through the genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology has been one of the major rewards ofmodern biotechnology. India has one of the world’s largest numbers of highly trained plant breeders who have developed manyimproved seed varieties, which lie at core of the green revolution technology. Understanding of molecular genetics of plantdisease resistance will enhance our ability to control and minimize yield losses in agriculture. Virus resistant transgenic plants(VRTPs) have been produced by transforming plants with resistance imparting transgenes from (a) pathogens (for whichresistance is to be developed-pathogen derived resistance) viz., coat protein, replicase protein, movement protein, antisense,protease and ribozyme mediated resistance (b) plants, viz., R- genes, antiviral protein genes, plantibodies genes mediatedresistance and (c) other sources such as yeast RNAs.

Coat protein (CP) genes are the most widely used transgenes to produce VRTPs. CP gene induced resistance is RNA mediatedwhen multiple copies of transgene are inserted. Coat protein-mediated protection has been reported for Tobacco mosaic virus,Tomato mosaic virus, Cucumber mosaic virus, Alfalfa mosaic virus, Potato virus X, Potato virus Y and Potato leaf roll virus. Since the firstfield testing of CPMR against TMV in tomato plants in 1987, there has been increasing number of field tests in different host virussystems. All the VRTPs commercialized so far are based on CPMR. Squash var. Freedom II is resistant to Watermelon mosaic virus-2 and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, squash var. CZW -3 is resistant to CMV and WMV – 2 and papaya var. Sun UP and UH Rainboware resistant to Papaya ring spot virus. Transgenic potato lines expressing mutant PLRV pr17 movement protein exhibited resistanceagainst unrelated viruses PVY and PVX. Transgenic bean plants engineered with genes Rep-TrAP-Ren and BC1 of BGMV inantisense orientation show attenuated symptoms to the virus. Several plant genes (R-genes) having resistance to viruses havebeen identified. Use of these genes for conferring resistance would be more easily acceptable in new plant system and by societyalso. Rx1 and Rx2 genes isolated from Solanum tuberosum have been introduced into potato breeding line to confer resistanceagainst PVX.

Biodiversity and Genetic Enhancement

11

BGE 01

FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY OF INDIGENOUS PLANT GROWTH PROMOTINGRHIZOBACTERIA (PGPR) ISOLATED FROM ALIGARH SOILSBharat Lal Meena, Mohd. Musheer Altaf*and Iqbal AhmadDepartment of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202 002Email: mohdmusheer@rediffmail.com

Plant growth promoting bacteria are known to influence plant growth through various mechanisms. However, the performanceof such bacteria under field conditions is not always consistent due to several factors including poor competition with nativerhizobacteria. It is believed that indigenous rhizobacteria adapted to particular soil environment exhibiting multiple PGP traitswill be more effective if developed as bioinoculant for local use. Therefore, in this study a total of 45 rhizobacteria belonging toPseudomonas, Azotobacter and Azospirillum from wheat rhizosphere were isolated and biochemically characterized. PGP traits likeproduction of IAA (41.60%), siderophore (20.0%), antibiotic production (39.80%) and solubilization of phosphate (60.0%) wereexhibited. Multiple PGP traits was exhibited by 48.0% Pseudomonas followed by Azotobacter (42.1%) and Azospirillum (31.0%). Thetest isolates were also screened for their salt tolerance. 65.0% Pseudomonas, 66.67% Azotobacter and 47.69% Azospirillum isolateswere found to tolerate varying concentration of NaCl in the medium. On the basis of this preliminary observations, some of theisolates showing multiple PGP traits and tolerance to environmental stress may be selected for further molecular characterizationand assessment of their plant growth promotion under control and field conditions.

BGE 02

TRANSFORMATION OF GRAIN LEGUME PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.) VIAAGROBACTERIUM TUMEFACIENS MEDIATED GENE TRANSFERIndu Singh Yadav 1 and N. P. Singh 21 National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 2 Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208024Email: npsingh.iipr@gmail.com

Fieldpea (Pisum sativum L.) is an important cool season food legume of the world. The productivity of this important crop iscomparatively low as compared to many developed countries like Canada, USA, UK and many other European countries. Thereare several biotic and abiotic stresses responsible for low productivity of pea in India. The new tools of biotechnology includingtransgenics offer a new opportunity for improvement of level of resistance/ tolerance to these stresses of fieldpea. Optimizationof in vitro plant regeneration and genetic transformation is pre-requisite to facilitate transfer of desirable genes in a plant species.Six genotypes of fieldpeas were screened by using two different explants embryonic axes and cotyledonary node for theirregeneration potential and amenability for gene transfer. HUDP-15 showed better response in terms of regeneration frequency(59± 3.4%) compared to other genotypes and was capable of regenerating at a high frequency. Using a binary vector (pPBI3008),frequency of transformation was compared among the six genotypes. Agrobacterium infection was maximum at an opticaldensity of 0.06 when co-cultivated for 4 days at 250 C in constant dark on MS medium as pH 5.8 with B5 vitamins and 200 uMacetosyringone. Supplementation of acetosyringone in the cocultivation medium was found indispensable for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Several transformed plants were developed using the Agrobacterium mediated method, while stableGUS-expressing explants were multiplied during selection on MS medium containing 250 mg/l cefotaxime and 50 mg/lkanamycin. Although, the GUS activities were noticed in apical shoot meristem, leaves, petiole and stems of most of the putativetransformants, the highest activity was mainly localized in the meristematic regions of shoot apices. Besides, leaf sectionsand embryonic axis also showed GUS activity. However, different pattern of GUS expression was noticed in transformantsarising from different transformation events. The pattern of expression also differed from plant to plant. These results demonstratethat fieldpea is amenable to Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation using a binary vector. The protocol reported here issimple and robust which may be used for development of transgenics of commercial importance.

BIODIVERSITY AND GENETIC ENHANCEMENT

Abstracts

12

BGE 03

DETERMINATION OF GENETIC VARIABILITY, CORRELATION AND PATH ANALYSISFOR YIELD ADVANCEMENT IN FENNEL (FOENICULUM VULGARE MILL.)Sunil Kumar Rawat, Sanjay Kumar* and Yogesh Chandra YadavDepartment of Applied Plant Science (Horticulture), Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar Rae Bareli Road,Lucknow -226025 (UP)*Email: sanjay123bhu@gmail.com

An experiment was conducted to study the extent of genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation coefficient andpath analysis of thirteen genotypic of fennel i.e. Pant Madhurika, Hissar Swarup, Azad Saunf, Rajendra Saunf, Gujarat Fennel-11,Rajasthan Fennel-125, CO-1, Rajasthan Fennel-101, Rajasthan Fennel-143, Rajasthan Fennel-178,Gujrat Fennel-1, Gujarat Fennel-2 and Azad Fennel-1. The experiment was laid out under Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The row torow and plant to plant spacing were maintained at 45 x 25 cm, respectively. The maximum seed yield (q/ha-1) was recorded inAzad Saunf followed by Rajendra Saunf, Rajasthan Fennel-178, Rajasthan Fennel-143, Hissar Swarup and Gujrat Fennel-11.

BGE 04

ADDITION TO THE DIVERSITY OF FOLIICOLOUS FUNGI FROM NORTH CENTRALTARAI FOREST OF U.P., INDIAT.P. MallPostgradute Department of Botany, Kisan P.G. College, Bahraich U.P. IndiaEmail: drtpmall@rediffmail.com

The North Tarai belt of U.P. is next only to Eastern and Western Ghats as one of the hottest spot of Biodiversity in general and thediversity of fungal organism in habiting plant leaves in particular. Keeping the view in mind an extensive and periodic surveywere made during April 2011 – September 2011 for Foliicolous fungi in North Central Tarai Forest of U.P. The present report isan addition to the already collected fungal list found on several host plants. The present work reports ninty seven fungal speciesrepresenting forty eight fungal genera found on eighty angiospermic plant species representing sixty three genera of forty fourfamilies. Acrodictys sp. was found on Tinospora malabarica where as Aecidum rhytismoideum on Diospyros tomentosa ; Alternariaalternata on Calotropis prosera, Ficus carica , Ficus glomerata, Solanum tuberosum, Spinacia olaracia & Toona ciliate ; Alternaria bauhiniaeon Bauhinia vahlii ; Alternaria citri on Citrus limon ; Alternaria kamalella on Mallotus philippensis ; Alternaria longipes on Litsea chinensis; Alternaria solani on Solanum melongena ; Alternaria tenuis on Cordia myxa ; Alternaria tenuissima on Artocarpus heterophyllum;Alternaria sp. on Ageratum conyzoides ; Amerosporuim polynematoides on Clerodendron inerme ; Ascochyta mangiferae on Mangifera indic; Asterina eugeniae on Syzygium eugenia ; Asterina sp. on Streblus asper ; Botryodiplodia theobromae on Ficus rumphii & Murrayaexotica ; Cercospora achyranthina on Achyranthes aspera ; Cercospora citrullina on Cucurbita maxima ; Cercospora clerodendri onClerodendrum indicum ; Cercospora dolichi on Dolichos lablab; Cercospora fici on Ficus bengalensis; Cercespora fici relegiosae on Ficusrelligiosa; Cercospora glycosmidis on Glycosmis pentaphylla; Cercospora kaki on Diospyros tomentosa; Cercospora neptae on Nepeta hindostana;Cercospora sphaeranthi on Sphaeranthus indicus ; Ceratophorum helicosporum on Shorea robusta; Cladosporium cucumerinum onLagenaria siceraria; Cladosporium oxysporum on Solanum melongena ; Cladospourium tennussimum on Lycopersicum esculantum;Colletotrichum capsici on Tinospora cordifolia, Datura stramonium & Aegle marmelos; Colletotrichum dematium on Colocasia esculenta &Ficus rumphii; Colletotrichum exoticum on Murraya exotica; Coniella citri on Citrus medica ; Corynespora albizicola on Albizia lebbek;Corynespora carissae on Carrissa carandas ; Corynespora clerodendri on Clerodendrum viscosum; Corynespora ichnocarpii on Ichnocarpusfrutescens; Corynespora nana on Lantana indica ; Corynespora on Bauhinia vahlii & Glycosmis pentaphylla ; Curvularia lunata on Brassicacampestris ; Curvularia tuberculata on Citrus limon; Diatrypella citricola on Litsea polyanthus; Diatrypella quercina on Diospyrostomentosa; Discosia hiptages on Carrissa congesta; Drechstera colocaceae on Colocasia esculenta; Fuligomyces indica on Litsea chinensis;Fusicladium pongamiae on Pongamia pinnata ; Geotrichum candidum on Citrus limon ; Glomerella cingulata on Anona squamosa, Lagenariavulgaris & Mallotus philippensis ; Haplosporella baumontina on Inga dulcis; Helminthosporium on Pisum sativum ; Leveillula taurica onCucurbita maxima; Meliola rhois on Mangifera indica ; Meliola ziziphi on Zizyphus xylopyrus ; Meliola sp. on Streblus asper ; Microxyphiumfagi on Hibiscus rosa- sinensis; Macrophomina phaseolina on Bauhinia variegata & Basella alba ; Mycovellosiella haplophragmatis on Haplophragmaadnophyllum ; Mycovellosiella myrtacearium on Psidium guajava; Mystrosporiella litseae on Litsea glutinosa ; Oidium sp. on Coccinia indica& Desmodim trifolium ; Passalora sp. on Calotropis prosera ; Periconia byssoides on Bridelia retusa & Holarrhena antidysentrica; Pestalotialambertiae on Bauhinia racemosa ; Pestalotiopsis palmarum on Mallotus philippensis; Phaeoramularia cordiae on Cordia dichotoma; Phomacajani on Cajanus cajan ; Phoma exigua on Holoptelia integrifolia; Phoma glomerata on Aegle marmelos; Phoma malloti on Mallotusphilippensis; Phoma sp. on Tiliocora acuminata ; Phomopsis abutilonis on Abutilon indicum ; Phomopsis barringtoniae on Barringtoniaacutangula; Phomopsis bauhiniae on Bauhinia purpurea; Phomopsis litsea on Litsea chinensis; Phomopsis sp. on Ficus rumphi ; Phyllachora

Biodiversity and Genetic Enhancement

13

ficuum on Ficus rumphii; Phyllosticta alangii on Alangium salvifolium; Pseudocercospora acaciae on Acacia concinna; Pseudocercosporaadinae on Adina cardifolia; Pseudocercospora artocarpi on Artocarpus heterophyllum; Pseudocercospora carissae on Carrissa carandas;Pseudocerspora cocculi on Tinospora sp.; Pseudocercospora sp. on Commiphora macrophylla; Puccinia pulvinata on Echinops sp.;Rhizoctonia solani on Brassica oleraceae & Spinacia olaracia; Sarcinella gorakhpurenis on Diospyros melanoxylon ; Selerotium rolfsii onBasella alba; Stenella ficina on Ficus bengalensis; Stenella tectoni on Tectona grandis; Stenella sp. on Eucalyptus lanceolatus & Nyctanthesarbortristis; Trichothecium roseum on Diospyros tomentosa ; Uredo fici on Ficus glomerata; Zygosporium echnosporum on Careya arborea;Zygosporium sp. on Mallotus philippensis and Zyxiphora gorakhpurensis on Streblus asper.

BGE 05

COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS IN RAINFED UPLAND RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)1Chandra Mohan Singh, 3G. Suresh Babu, 1Binod Kumar, 1Chandan Kishore, 2Suhel Mehandi and 3Deo Sudhakar Pandey1Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa (Samastipur) - 848125, Bihar, India, 2CropImprovement Division, Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kalyanpur, Kanpur-208024, Uttar Pradesh, India,3Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Allahabad School of Agriculture, SHIATS, Allahabad- 211007, Uttar Pradesh.Email: cmsingh.gpb@gmail.com

A study on combining ability gives useful information for the choice of parents in terms of expected performance of theirhybrids and progenies. Fifteen rice hybrids were generated by crossing between five lines and three testers in L x T matingdesign during Kharif 2009. Crosses were evaluated along with parents and standard check (Vandana) to study the combiningability for twelve quantitative characters during Kharif 2010 at Field Experimentation Center, Department of Genetics and PlantBreeding, Allahabad School of Agriculture, SHIATS, Allahabad in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Theanalysis of variance for combining ability showed highly significant differences among the treatment for all the yield and yieldcontributing characters, indicating the presence of adequate genetic variability among the crosses and their parents. The magnitudeof additive variance (gca) was higher for days to 50% flowering, number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant, flagleaf length, number of spikelets per panicle and test weight. Higher magnitude of additive variance suggested the predominanceof additive gene action for these characters. The magnitude of non additive variance (sca) were observed higher for plant height,flag leaf width, days maturity, biological yield per plant, harvest index and grain yield per plant. The ratio of gca and sca variancewere less than one for plant height, flag leaf width, number of spikelets per panicle, biological yield per plant, harvest index, testweight and grain yield per plant. It indicates the preponderance of non additive gene action over the additive gene action. In thissituation the most appropriate and efficient breeding approach would be to make up the additive gene simultaneously maintainingthe degree of heterozygosity for exploring the non additive components. The ratio of gca and sca variance were observed morethan one for days to 50% flowering number of tillers per plant, number of panicles per plant, flag leaf length, panicle length, anddays to maturity. It indicated that predominance of additive gene action over non additive gene action. The contribution oftesters was higher than corresponding contribution of lines for all the characters studied, except harvest index and test weight.The contribution of testers was higher than corresponding contribution of testers for all the characters studied, except days to50% flowering, harvest index and test weight. The contribution of interaction was higher than corresponding contribution oflines for all the characters studied. The combining ability analysis revealed that among the lines, IR81413-B-B-75-3 was a goodgeneral combiner for grain yield per plant with some other characters viz., plant height, number of spikelets per panicle, days tomaturity, biological yield per plant and test weight. Among the testers, IR74371-54-1-1 (4.34) was identified as good generalcombiner for grain yield per plant with some other characters viz., days to 50% flowering, number of tillers per plant, numberof panicles per plant, flag leaf width, panicle length, number of spikelets per panicle, days to maturity and biological yield perplant. Thus hybrid IR81413-B-B-75-3/ IR81429-B-31 was identified as best specific combiner for grain yield per plant. The gcaeffect is controlled by additive genes and fixable in nature. The cross involving parents with high gca will give better transgressivesegregants in later generations. Therefore, selection of parents based on gca effect would have an impact in breeding programme.High gca coupled with high per se performance is the indication of an outstanding parent with reservoir of superior genes. Hence,both mean performance and gca effects may be taken into account for parental selection. The maximum sca effect for grain yieldper plant exhibited by hybrid IR81413-B-B-75-3/ IR81429-B-31. Thus hybrid IR81413-B-B-75-3/ IR81429-B-31 was identified as abest specific combiner for grain yield per plant.

Abstracts

14

BGE 06

BIODIVERSITY OF TREMATODE FAUNA OF VERTEBRATES OF ANDAMAN ANDNICOBAR ISLANDSShuvajit Chakrabarti and Anindita GhoshZoological Survey of India M-Block; New-Alipore Kolkata-53Email: shuvajitchakrabarti@yahoo.in

The Andaman & Nicobar Islands are geographically young, They zoogeographically, occupy an unique position close to “IndoMalyan region” which is considered to be a ‘Faunistic center’ from which other subdivisions of the Indo-West Pacific Regionregion recruited their fauna. The Islands comprise an acute chain of more than 350 Islands in addition to a number of Islets androck out scopes in the Bay of Bengal lying between 060 and 140 N and longitudes 920 and 940 E. Trematodes cause deadly diseasesin human being, and other vertebrates such as cattle, goat, mule, elephant, dog, cat,fish, poultry birds etc. Trematode infectionof the vertebrates in the mainland comparing with the same in the Island is the main scope of the study. Different survey toursby the scientists to the Islands yielded a record of twelve species of trematode parasites under ten genera from differentvertebrate hosts from Andaman and Nicobar Island. A meager study of the biodiversity of the trematodes of vertebrates ofAndaman & Nicobar Islands has been done so far, so the present study may build a foundation stone for the future course ofstudy.

BGE 07

A SURVEY OF FLORA OF INDUSTRIAL WASTE DISPOSAL AREAS OF KANPUR ANDUNNAOS. Ansari and Dipti GuptaA.N.D. Nagar Nigam Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Harsh Nagar, Kanpur

A study of vegetation around a fertilizer factory, a tannery and a distillery waste polluted area along with a non-polluted site hasbeen made. In all 26 plant species were recorded. Only 9 species were commonly growing in all polluted sites as well as the non-polluted one, indicating their tolerance capability. The most frequently occurring species at fertilizer factory site were Sesbaniabispinosa and Lantana camara, at tannery site, Cynadon dactylon and at distillery site, Croton sparsiflorus. All additional plant speciesgrowing at the non-polluted site were regarded as sensitive to the adverse soil conditions. However, Cynadon dactylon hadmaximum density and abundance values at all the polluted and non polluted sites. The variations in distribution pattern ofplants can be correlated with the change in physico-chemical characteristics of soil around effluent disposal area.

BGE 08

DA-199 HIGH YIELDING WITH BETTER QUALITY GREATER YAM GENOTYPE FORKONKAN REGION UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONN. V. Mhaskar, A. T. Jadye, N. R. Bhagwat and P. M. HaldankarAICRP on Tuber Crops, CES, Wakawali, Tal: Dapoli (MS)

Greater yam (Dioscorea alata L.) is the most widely distributed species of yam. This is an important tuber crop grown in highrainfall region of the Konkan under rainfed condition. This crop has great potential in this region during Kharif season. Fieldexperiment was conducted to evaluate the best genotype having high yield performance with better quality suitable for Konkanregion during Rainy seasons of 2006 to 2010. Six genotypes of greater yam released from different AICRP on Tuber Crop Centreviz., Sree Roopa, Da -11, Da – 25, Da – 168, Da – 199 and Konkan Ghorkand were evaluated. The trial was conducted in randomizedblock design with four replication along with recommended dose of fertilizer. The planting of tubers was done at onset ofmonsoon at spacing of 90 X 90 cm. The pooled mean tuber yield of five consecutive years showed that Greater yam genotype Da- 199 produced the highest tuber yield of 29.29 t ha-1 which was significantly superior over rest of genotypes under study. The Da- 199 yielded higher tuber yield 19.05 per cent due to over check genotypes Konkan Ghorkand. Da - 199 recorded significantlyhighest yield per plant (3.40 kg) as well as average tuber weight of 1.620 kg over rest of the genotypes under study. The tuber ofthis genotype is cylindrical in shape with white flesh colour. The significantly highest tuber yield of 21.39 t ha-1 was recorded byDa – 199 over rest of the genotypes under study of different locations. This genotypes realized highest net returns of Rs. 2,42,078/- ha-1 and B:C ratio of 1.70. Organoleptic data among the six genotypes showed that Konkan Ghorkand and Da - 199 had excellent

Biodiversity and Genetic Enhancement

15

in case of all organoleptic characters and recorded the highest average organoleptic score at Regional Fruit Research Station,Vengurala and Central Experiment Station, Wakawali.

BGE 09

SCREENING OF CYANOBACTERIAL STRAINS FOR HERBICIDE TOLERANCE ON THEBASIS OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTSSumaiya Anees, Mohammad Zeeshan Siddiqui and Iffat Zareen AhmadDepartment of Biotechnology, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow-226026

Heavy application of the pesticides has led to serious environmental contamination resulting in greater loss of crop productivityand inhibited growth of many beneficial microorganisms. Cyanobacteria are important components of aquatic ecosystems suchas paddy fields where they fix atmospheric nitrogen. A large no of pesticides are used in paddy fields to protect the seedlings andcrops, and selectively destroy the pests, but the indiscriminate use causes great danger to the rice field cyanobacteria and otherbeneficial microorganisms.The present study deals with the herbicide-induced changes in growth and photosynthetic pigmentsin five cyanobacterial species grown under laboratory conditions. The concentration of butachlor used for the experiments were5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ppm on five strains, Nostoc muscorum, Plectonema boryanum, Chroococcus sp.,Tolypothrix sp., Nostoc sp. Growthand photosynthetic pigments, i.e., chlorophyll a and carotenoids were differentially affected after a ten day butachlor treatment.All of the cyanobacterial strains showed a dose-dependent effect on chl a synthesis, but the effect was more pronounced forTolypothrix sp and Nostoc sp. An adaptive effect was seen for Plectonema boryanum on the 10th day of treatment. The inhibition in thecarotenids was found to be dose-dependent; however P. boryanum showed a significant recovery of carotenoid after 10th days ofexposure. It can be visibly seen that the herbicide is having adverse effect on the cyanobacterial isolates.This study will help inevaluating cyanobacterial filtration capacity by determining photosynthetic pigments and thus can be used for determiningenvironmental pollution.

BGE 10

ETHYL METHANE SULPHONATE INDUCED DESYNAPTIC MUTANT IN CHILI(CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.)*Mohd Gulfishan, Ainul Haq Khan and Iram Fatima JafriCytogenetic Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh- 202002Email: fishan.amu@gmail.com

Studies on meiotic abnormalities have always been interesting and useful. Two desynaptic plant were isolated from a truebreeding variety of a Capsicum annuum L. var. G4 from ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) treated cogeneration. Desynapsis inthese two plants was presumed to have occurred by homozygous induction. Chromosome synapsis was apparently normal atpachytene but univalents were present at a high frequency at diakinesis and metaphase I. Bivalents were randomly distributedin one plant but nonrandom in other. It was found to be due to differences between cells within a population. Meiotic studiesshowed that sterility was due to disorder in chromosome pairing while genetic data showed that sterility was associated withthe homozygous condition of a single recessive gene. The desynaptic obtained fit into medium strong type with reduced pollenfertility.

BGE 11

MEDICINAL PLANTTarana Ansari, Amith Singh and Pratiksha SinghSaroj Institute of Technology and Management, Lucknow

The use of the plant materials to prevent and treat infectious diseases successfully over the years has attracted the attention ofscientists’ worldwide. Most of these medicinal products originate from plants. Polysaccharides are considered to be the mostimportant components, which may act as immune enhancers or immuno-modulators. Immune activities of the polysaccharidesfrom two mushrooms, Lentinus edodes and Tremella fuciformis, and a herb are discussed it can be concluded that polysaccharidesderived from mushroom can play important roles in, stimulating the growth of immune organs such as spleen, thymus andbursa; increasing the number and activities of many interdependent cell types such as T, B lymphocytes, macrophages, natural

Abstracts

16

killer (NK) cells and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells; enhancing T-cell mediated immune response, such as an increasedrate of T-lymphocyte transformation and proliferation; enhancing humoral immune response, such as spleen and serum antibodyproduction, the number of haemolytic plague forming cells (PFC) and haemolysin production and inducing secretion andproduction of cytokines and complements of T-cells and NK cells. Medicinal mushroom research has indicated possiblecardiovascular, anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antidiabetic activities.Non-mushroom forming fungi, were the original source of penicillin, griseofulvin, lovastatin, and have shown potential inbioengineering.

BGE 12

ESTIMATION OF GENETIC VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY AND GENETIC DIVERSITYFOR SEED YIELD AND ITS QUALITY TRAITS IN LENTIL (LENS CULINARIS MEDIK.SUB SP. CULINARIS)Prakash Singh1 *, D. K. Singh2, Ranjeet Singh1, Kamlesh Kumar1 and Sanjeev Singh3

1Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, N.D.U.A.&T., Kumarganj, Faizabad, UP-224229, 2Department of Genetics andPlant Breeding, I. Ag. Sc., BHU, Varanasi, UP-2210053Department of Agric. Botany, U.P. Autonomous College, Varanasi, UPEmail: prakash201288@gmail.com

Two hundred forty five genotypes (including 5 checks namely Narendra Masoor-1, Narendra Masoor-2, DPL-15, DPL-62 andPant Lentil-5) of lentil were evaluated in Augmented Block Design for seed yield and its quality traits viz., days to 50%flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant,number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, biological yield per plant, seed yield per plant, 100-seed weight and harvestindex. Significant differences were found among the genotypes for all the traits, it indicated wide genetic variability for all theeleven traits. Phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was greater than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all thecharacters. High GCV was observed for seed yield per plant, 100-seed weight, number of pods per plant, biological yield perplant and harvest index. Heritability estimates for different characters ranged from 77.1 to 99.8. The estimates of heritabilitywere high for all the characters except for number of primary branches per plant and number of secondary branches per plantindicated that selection on the basis of these traits showing high heritability would be rewarding. The 245 genotypes weregrouped into sixteen clusters. Clustering pattern revealed the distribution of the genotypes belonging to the same origin inmore than one cluster indicating non-parallelism between geographic and genetic diversity. Cluster VI contained maximum 36genotypes followed by cluster IV (31 genotypes), cluster I (25 genotypes), cluster II and XIV having 22 genotypes. The mostdiverse clusters were XV and cluster IX (34.444) followed by clusters XV and X (30.886), which indicated maximum diversitybetween the genotypes of these clusters. The entries of cluster IX showed the highest mean values for number of secondarybranches per plant, number of pods per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index and seed yield per plant and maturity. Thepromising genotypes for seed yield, biological yield per plant, harvest index, number of pods per plant, number of secondarybranches per plant and early maturity were identified from cluster VI and IX on the basis of mean values which could be utilizedfor hybridization programme for the development of high yielding genotypes.

BGE 13

STUDIES ON GENETIC VARIABILITY AND CHARACTER ASSOCIATION OFPIGEONPEA [CAJANAS CAJAN L. MILLISP] GERMPLASM.R. Sandeep Kumar1, N.R. Rangare1, I. P. Singh2, Suhel Mehandi2, Gideon J. Synrem1 , Anzer ul Islam2 and Chandra MohanSingh3. 1Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Allahabad School of Agriculture, SHIATS, Allahabad - 211007, Uttar Pradesh,2Crop Improvement Division, Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), , Kanpur - 208024, Uttar Pradesh, 3Department ofPlant Breeding and Genetics, Rajendra Agriculture University, Pusa Samastipur-848125, BiharEmail: suhelgpb@gmail.com

Pigeonpea [Cajanas cajan Millisp] is the second most important pulse crop of India and accounts for 91% of world’s production. Itis an important pulse crop for its high protein content and dietary significance and is grown in about 3.53 million ha area witha production 2.43 million tonnes (2008-09). An experiment was conducted at the Field Experimentation Centre, Department ofGenetics and Plant Breeding, Allahabad School of Agriculture, SHIATS, Allahabad. Thirteen pigeonpea [Cajanas cajan (L.)]genotypes were used and the experiment was carried out under irrigated condition of kharif, 2010, in Randomized Block Design

Biodiversity and Genetic Enhancement

17

with three replications. The observations were recorded on nine quantitative characters viz., days to 50 % flowering, days tomaturity, plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, seed index (g), biological yield per plant(g), harvest index (%) and seed yield per plant (g).The large spectrum of genetic variability in a population depends upon theamount of the genetic variability among the genotypes and offers a better scope for selection. High magnitude of variability ina population provides the opportunity for selection to evolve a variety having desirable traits. The experimental finding on thebasis of analysis of variance revealed the presence of considerable variation among the germplasm for all the characters exceptfor number of pods per cluster, pod length and number of grains per pod. Maximum GCV and PCV were observed for numberof pods per plant (88.82/8.13) followed by grain yield per plant (31.82/31.92)in grams and biological yield per plant % (25.53/25.59).Coefficient of variation studied indicated that phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was slightly higher than genotypiccoefficient of variation GCV for all the nine characters studied. High estimates of heritability (broad sense) were observed fornumber of pods per plant (99.00) followed by harvest index (98.00) and days to maturity (97.00). Highest and lowest geneticadvance as per cent of mean was observed for number of pods per plant (182.35) and days to maturity (3.38) respectively. Thecharacters that show high heritability and high genetic advance are controlled by additive gene action and can be improvedthrough simple or progeny selection method. Correlation coefficient analysis revealed that biological yield per plant (rg 0.965,rp 0.965), pod length (rg 0.639, rp 0.582), harvest index (rg 0.586, rp 0.585), pods per cluster (rg 0.567, rg 0.542) and 50 % flowering (rg0.482, rp 0.480) showed positive correlation association with grain yield per plant at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Theperusal of path analysis indicated that biological yield per plant (g 0.036, p 0.860) and pod length (g 0.030, p 0.015) had positivedirect effect on grain yield at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Thus, these characters may serve as effective selectionparameters for yield improvement in pigeonpea.

BGE 14

ESTIMATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY TO FIGHT FOR FOOD SECURITYMayuri Agarwal, J. P. Jaiswal and V.K. KhannaDepartment of Genetic & Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture& Technology,Pantnagar-263145.,Email: mayuri.ag19@gmail.com,

Food challenges caused due to accelerating climate change can be efficiently tackle by the use of genetic diversity within crop inplant breeding programme. Molecular markers are primary weapon to fight against this problem. Molecular markers are DNAsequences that can readily detect genetic diversity in crop and it is based on naturally occurring DNA polymorphism. In mystudy, Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) molecular markers were used to estimate genetic diversity among 17 wheatcultivars. For this, thirteen ISSR primers were used and ISSR banding patterns were generated for all the 17 wheat genotypes.ISSR-PCR reactions were performed at 94°C for 5 min for initial denaturation followed by the 44 cycle of denaturation at 94°Cfor 1 min., annealing at 50°C for 2 min., polymerization at 72°C for 2 min. and final elongation at 72°C for 5 min. PCR productswere electrophoresed on 1.5 % agarose gel. Genetic divergence was determined using Jaccard’s similarity coefficient, anddendrogram was constructed by UPGMA cluster analysis. In analysis, 13 ISSR primers amplified 164 bands out of which 123 werepolymorphic and thus showed 75% polymorphism, which separated all the 17 wheat genotypes in 2 clusters with differentsubclusters. In ISSR markers, (AC)n repeats primer UBC-826 showed 100% polymorphism among all 17 wheat genotypes. Theresult indicates that this genetic diversity in wheat genotypes can be used in further breeding programme for food security, asthe lack of genetic diversity in breeding programme can give us widespread crop losses due to a single disease or climate changeshock

BGE 15

IMPACT OF CHEMICAL MUTAGENS ON CROP PRODUCTIVITY: FOOD SECURITY?Mohammad Imran Kozgar* and Samiullah KhanMutation Breeding Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh – 202 002 (U.P.), IndiaE-mail: m.i.kozgar@gmail.com

Chemical mutagens induce mutations in variety of crops. Induction of mutation has accelerated traditional plant breeding as thebase of any crop improvement programmes. Present paper, in addition to cover-up the morpho-biophysiological impacts ofdifferent types of chemical mutagens on the varying types of pulse crops cultivated in India reviews the achievements ofdeveloped varieties and the constraints to overcome. For a dream, to keep Indian a food secure zone, to come true in additionto revitalizing the agricultural policies and strategies the variation in a self pollinated pulse crops is of immense importance andcan be achieved through induced mutation breeding with ease and without inputting so much cost. Induction of mutation in cropcategories via., chemical mutagenesis, not only affect the yield parameters but also morpho-physiological characteristics, as is

Abstracts

18

evident from the lots of research work and are helping hands in screening the desired mutant line of high productivity. We arein conclusion if the induction of mutation through chemical mutagens, once handled by sustainable policies and strategies, beimplemented the exact role of the breeders to welfare humankind could be achieved.

BGE 16

STUDY OF GENOTYPIC VARIABILITY AND NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY AND ITSCORRELATION WITH YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.)Sujeet Kumar, N.R. Rangare, Gideon J. Synrem, A. K. Choudhari , Shamshad Khan and Imran KhanDepartment of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Allahabad School of Agriculture, SHIATS, Allahabad-211007, Uttar Pradesh,India.Email: synrem.gideon@gmail.com

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a widely grown cereal in the world. In India, it is the third most important cereal after rice and wheat.However, with its highest yield potential and the scope of increasing its yield in the country, its improvement deserves specialattention. In our country, where rapid growth in population outstrips our gain in cereal production, maize offers the bestopportunity for increasing cereal production. The absorption of nitrogen by plants plays an important role in their growth.Consequently, nitrogen fertilization has been a powerful tool for increasing the yield of cultivated plants, such as cereals.Nowadays, to avoid both pollution by nitrates and top maintain a sufficient profit margin; farmers have to reduce the use offertilizer. These objectives can be met through efficient farming techniques, but also by using plant varieties that have betternitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The present investigation titled “Study of genotypic variability and nitrogen use efficiency and itscorrelation with yield and yield components in maize (Zea mays L.)” was conducted in kharif 2010 at the Field ExperimentationCentre, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Allahabad School of Agriculture, SHIATS, Allahabad. Sixteen genotypeswere used in split plot experimental design with three replications. The observations were recorded for fifteen characters viz.,days to 50 % tasseling, days to 50 % silking, anthesis silking interval, plant height (cm), ear height (cm), number of cobs per plant,ear length (cm), ear girth (cm), number of grain rows per ear, number of grains per row, seed index (g), harvest index (%),biological yield per plant (g) ,grain yield per plant (g) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The experimental findings reveals thatthe mean sum of square due to variety and nitrogen level showed significant difference for most of the characters studied exceptfor anthesis silking interval and number of cobs per plant. Coefficient of variation studied indicated that phenotypic coefficientof variation (PCV) was slightly higher than genotypic coefficient of variation GCV for all the 15 characters studied. Highestmagnitude of GCV was recorded for nitrogen use efficiency (26.71) followed by grain yield per plant (22.00) while the lowest wasrecorded for number of grain rows per ear (2.72) followed by days to 50 % silking (2.54). Highest magnitude of PCV was recordedfor anthesis silking interval (31.94) followed by nitrogen use efficiency (29.83) while the lowest was recorded for days to 50 %tasseling (4.60) followed by days to 50 % silking (4.30). Highest heritability coupled with genetic advance as per cent of mean wasrecorded for biological yield per plant (95.20) followed by grain yield per plant (95.00). Phenotypic correlation coefficientanalysis revealed that nitrogen use efficiency showed positive significant association with grain yield per plant (0.77) followedby biological yield per plant (0.67). Genotypic correlation coefficient analysis revealed that nitrogen use efficiency showedpositive significant association with number of grain per row (0.94) followed by grain yield per plant (0.82). Phenotypic Pathcoefficient analysis revealed that biological yield per plant (1.1288), harvest index (0.8814), days to 50 % silking (0.2391), plantheight (0.2041), number of grain rows per ear (0.0451) and cob girth (0.011) exhibited positive direct effect on grain yield, whereasdays to 50 % tasseling (-0.298), nitrogen use efficiency (-0.1921), ear height (-0.1206), anthesis silking interval (-0.1133), number ofgrains per row (-0.0667), seed index (-0.0344), number of cobs per plant (-0.026) and cob length (-0.0068) exhibited negative directeffect on grain yield. Genotypic Path coefficient analysis revealed that biological yield per plant (1.8260), harvest index (1.1943), number of grains per row (1.0204), grain rows per ear (0.5806),anthesis silking interval (0.5629), cob girth (0.5290), days to 50 %silking (0.4629), days to 50 % tasseling (0.2336), seed index (0.2606) and number of cobs per plant (0.1208) exhibited positive directeffect on grain yield, while nitrogen use efficiency (-0.3813), plant height (-0.1653) and cob length (-0.1428) exhibited negativedirect effect on grain yield.

BGE 17

CHEMICAL INVESTIGATION AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF BUTEA MONOSPERMAB. P. Singh*, A. K. Yadav and Swati SahuDepartment of Chemistry, University Institute of Engineering & Technology., C.S.J.M. University, Kanpur, IndiaEmail: bpsinghcsjm@gmail.com

Butea monosperma is extensively used in Ayurveda, Unani and Homeopathic medicines. Different parts of the plants are useful infilariasis, night blindness, helminthiasis, piles, ulcer, tumors, dyspepsia, diarrhea, dysentery, sore throat, snake bite, astringent,

Biodiversity and Genetic Enhancement

19

diuretic, treatment of liver disorders. The present work aim to investigate the isolation, characterization and biological activityof different extracts of flower of Butea monosperma . The flower of Butea monosperma was dissolved in methanol in the ratio of 3:1(methanol: powdered flower). The methanolic extract of flower was directly chromatographed over silica gel column elutedwith solvent petroleum ether, chloroform, acetone and methanol, according to their increasing order of polarity. The variousextracts were directly separated by column chromatography and monitored by thin layer chromatography. The extracts wereconcentrated further under reduced pressure. The extracts were characterized on the basis of various spectral technique such asIR, 1H NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Antimicrobial activity of various extract of Butea monosperma was evaluated against somepathogenic strains. The antibacterial study performs against to bacterial species via; Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The methanol extracts of flower exhibited varying level of antibacterial activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)of 2 mg/ml against both bacteria. The methanol extract was found to be more active than the other extract against both thebacteria. The antifungal activity of these extracts was also performed against alternaria brassica fungal strain. The methanol andacetone extracts showed moderated as well as significant activity against the fungal strains.

BGE 18

DIVERSITY OF ACRIDOIDEA (ORTHOPTERA) IN PULSES OF UTTAR PRADESHM.H. Akhtar, M.K. Usmani and M.R. NayeemDepartment of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202 002Email:usmanikamil94@gmail.com

Pulses are important food crops due to their high protein and essential amino acid content. Like many leguminous crops, pulsesplay a key role in crop rotation due to their ability to fix nitrogen. India is largest producer of pulses in the world with 25 per centshare in global production and has achieved the record production of 18.09 million tonnes during 2010-11. Chickpea, pigeon pea,mungbean, urdbean, lentil, and fieldpea are important pulses crop contributing 39 per cent, 21 per cent, 11 per cent, 10 per cent,7 per cent and 5 per cent respectively to the total production of pulses in the country. Climate change and insect pests will surelyhave an adverse impact on productivity on account of reduction of total production. Orthoptera is one of the largest orders ofinsect which includes both short horned (Caelifera) and long horned grasshoppers (Ensifera). Acrdoidea is one of the mostimportant out of four superfamilies of Caelifera which comprises five families out of which Acrididae, Catantopidae andPyrgomorphidae are widely distributed in India. Grasshoppers are of great economic importance, because they constitute animportant group of pests and pose a constant threat to cereal crops, pulses, vegetables, orchards, grassland and forest plantationsall over the world. Adults and nymphs feed on green plant material, creating holes on leaves or pods. Grasshoppers pose thegreatest threat from the bud stage through early pod development. Grasshoppers will consume flower buds and especially earlypods that results in yield loss and a delay in maturity due to delayed pod set. Twelve species representing twelve genera ofgrasshoppers belonging to three families, six subfamilies and two tribes have been recorded which infests pulses in UttarPradesh. These are Chrotogonus trachypterus, Atractomorpha crenulata, Oxya velox, Eyprepocnemis alacris, Catantops erubescens,Aiolopus simulatrix, Acrotylus humbertianus, Gastrimargus africanus, Locusta migratoria, Hieroglyphus nigrorepletus,Cyrtacanthacris tatarica and Schistocerca gregaria.

BGE 19

PULSES: THE CHALLENGES AND FOOD SECURITY IN INDIASuhel Mehandi and I. P. SinghCrop Improvement Division, Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kalyanpur, Kanpur-208024, Uttar Pradesh, India.Email: suhelgpb@gmail.com

The state of India’s food security is worsening by the year. The cost of food items is increasing rapidly, making them unaffordableto a majority of the people. Added to these woes is the short supply of pulses and edible oils, which forces the central governmentto import them. Pulses play a critical role in the diet of the people of India, where large sections are vegetarians. Protein playsa key role in the human diet. It is the body-building nutrient that develops muscles and is responsible for body strength,endurance and productivity at the workplace. It is established that a human body requires a daily intake of about 50 gm ofprotein, while people in the developed countries and most of the developing countries have a satisfactory intake of protein, inIndia the per capita daily intake is only about 10 gm. This endangers health and work performance. Food and nutritional securityto its population has been the prime concern of India’s policies. With increase in population, income and urbanization, thedemand for pulses has also increased and diversified. Although there has been increase in pulses production from 1984-86 (12.74mt) to 2009-10 (14.59 mt) a large section of our population continues to suffer from malnutrition and inadequacy of food grains.Inflation in food prices during January, 2011 was mainly due to fresh food and negligible due to rice and wheat grains supplies.Given the important role that pulses play in the human diet, their availability needs to be increased indigenously. The common

Abstracts

20

belief that without new high-yielding varieties the country will have to continue importing pulses and edible oils to meet therequirements is not true. The possibility of improving productivity per acre by an order of two to three times using existingvarieties has been demonstrated time and again in grower-fields in India. However, it is not done just by following currentproduction practices but through the adoption of entirely new but simple and farmer-friendly technologies and tools that arenow not available to Indian farmers. About 87% of pulse production of India is rainfed or without irrigation. Water harvestingunder watershed development programme generally leads to knocking out of pulses by other crops due to their low productivityand profitability. There is hardly any significant change or growth in the area, production and productivity since 1984-86,whereas it is a major source of nutrition and protein a large section of vegetarian population of India. Chickpeas and summermung haven shown better performance in the recent years. There is very small growth in productivity due to genetic reasons,lack of investments and non-priority of research for enhancing pulses productivity and production. There is generally 3-4million tonnes deficit in its supplies with high instability in the growth of area, productivity and production due to variabilityin rainfall, its onset, withdrawal and distribution. Gap in demand and supply is being met through imports. About 10-11 millionha area remains fallow after rice harvesting in eastern and central India. Sowing of pulses especially lentil, chickpeas, sweet peas,non-toxic Lathyrus etc. can be internalized by in situ conservation of rainwater, run off harvesting into farm ponds, check dams,ground water recharging and recovery through dug wells in hard rock area and tube wells elsewhere. Seed production of pulsesis a low priority of the private sector because of restricted business and public sector is not geared up to enhance replacement oflow yielding old varieties with high yielding new ones. Since demand of coarse cereals is shrinking and their productivity isgrowing at a relatively higher rate, the saved area could be considered for kharif pulses like black gram, mung and others byproducing seeds of improved varieties. An accelerated pulses production programme is in operation. Overall production andavailability of pulses is highly uncertain and imports will be unavoidable for the time being. Extreme weather events andclimatic anomalies have major impacts on crop productivity and food security. Losses in production happen due to drought,flash floods, untimely rains, frost, hails and high temperatures and heat waves etc. during crop season. In recent years extremeweather and climatic anomalies have increased manifold. This requires continuous efforts to develop and optimize agriculturaltechnologies to scope up with emerging trend of climatic changes and vulnerability. It has been projected by the recent report ofInter governmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) and other global studies that unless we adapt, there is probability of 10-40% loss in crop production in India by 2080-2100 due to global warming. An increase in these events could result in greaterinstability in food production and threaten our dream of food security. The current policy of pampering farmers with subsidieswill get us nowhere in terms of improving productivity. Crop productivity improvements have taken it to the point where thecountry now exports its surplus food to neighbouring poor countries. The lesson India has to learn is that instead of subsidisingfood supply to the people, the plants need subsidised food such as fertilizers and other inputs in order for them to produce thefood to achieve food security.

BGE 20

FARMERS PARTICIPATORY PLANT BREEDING - A NEW APPROACH FORDEVELOPMENT OF NEW VARIETY IN DOLICHOS BEANVeera Kumar, G.N., Byre Gowda, M. , Ramappa, H.K. , Mary Reena, G. A. , Pramila, C.K. and Pavithravani, B. VAICRP on Pigeonpea, Zonal Agricultural Research Station, UA S, GKVK, Bangalore 560 065, Karnataka

Participatory plant breeding brings the benefits of plant breeding to all farmers regardless of gender, wealth, status, literacy,etc., through an innovative way of organizing agricultural research in which farmers and scientists fully share the decisionsconcerning the development of new varieties. The aim was to breed acceptable varieties with minimum use of resources and toutilize farmers’ knowledge. Farmers proved to be willing participants and made selections in the segregating material, oftenwith great success. In the Farmers Participatory Plant Breeding (FPPB) programme involving dolichos crop, farmers wereidentified for the evaluation of advanced breeding materials for their acceptance so that the breeding efforts for the delivery ofvarieties is made progressively fast. In the present study, totally 103 lines have been taken and their performance was evaluatedunder farmers field condition. During flowering, pod development and maturation period farmers were invited from thesurrounding villages for the selection of superior lines. Out of 103 lines, 27 lines have been selected for their superiority for podyield, branching pattern, pod formation, seed size and seed color. These selected lines are used for seed multiplication for furtherevaluation in farmer’s fields.

Biodiversity and Genetic Enhancement

21

BGE21

FARMERS PARTICIPATORY PLANT BREEDING - A NEW APPROACH FORDEVELOPMENT OF NEW VARIETY IN DOLICHOS BEAN,Veera Kumar, G.N., Byre Gowda, M. , Ramappa, H.K. , Mary Reena, G. A. , Pramila, C.K. and Pavithravani, B. VAICRP on Pigeonpea, Zonal Agricultural Research Station, UA S, GKVK, Bangalore 560 065, Karnataka

Participatory plant breeding brings the benefits of plant breeding to all farmers regardless of gender, wealth, status, literacy,etc., through an innovative way of organizing agricultural research in which farmers and scientists fully share the decisionsconcerning the development of new varieties. The aim was to breed acceptable varieties with minimum use of resources and toutilize farmers’ knowledge. Farmers proved to be willing participants and made selections in the segregating material, oftenwith great success. In the Farmers Participatory Plant Breeding (FPPB) programme involving dolichos crop, farmers wereidentified for the evaluation of advanced breeding materials for their acceptance so that the breeding efforts for the delivery ofvarieties is made progressively fast. In the present study, totally 103 lines have been taken and their performance was evaluatedunder farmers field condition. During flowering, pod development and maturation period farmers were invited from thesurrounding villages for the selection of superior lines. Out of 103 lines, 27 lines have been selected for their superiority for podyield, branching pattern, pod formation, seed size and seed color. These selected lines are used for seed multiplication for furtherevaluation in farmer’s fields.

BGE 22

IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN BUNDELKHAND REGION : A MICRO STUDY.Sarju Narain and *A.K. singhAssistt. Prof. Agril. Ext. BNPG College Rath (Hamirpur), B.U. Jhansi, U.P.*Director , ZPD (ICAR), unit IV, Kanpur.

Climate risk is common for Indian agriculture. It is highly vulnerable to drought because two third agricultural land is rainfedand even irrigated system is depend upon monsoon. Droughts in 2002, 2004, 2006 and 2009; floods in 2005 , 2006 and 2008; andhigh temperature in March 2004 and up to mid October 2011 are the some examples of climate change. Climate change risk is aparticular challenge for the hundreds of million whose livelihoods depend on rainfed agriculture in marginal high riskenvironment. The vulnerability of climate changes varies across regions, sectors and social groups. To understanding theregional and local dimensions of vulnerability, it is essential to develop appropriate and targeted adoption efforts. Among thedifferent agro- climatic pockets of India Bundelkhand pocket is badly affected from climate change. For the impact assessmentof climate change a time line survey of two districts namely Hamirpur and Banda was conducted through random samplingmethod. The result showed the key historical events and major changes perceived by villagers, i.e. soil erosion and degradation,changing cropping pattern, fooding habits, availability of natural resources, poor productivity of crops & animals, etc. Thisregion have clear cut impact an fertilization of desi - cows , losses of fodders, result increasing ‘Annapratha’, poor milk producingcapacity of animals , rural migration and some time suicide deaths are also occurs. These are the major impact of climate changewhich is badly affected to the rural society of this pocket.

BGE 23

VARIABILITY STUDIES FOR SIX SLOW RUSTING TRAITS IN PEA[PISUM SATIVUM (L.)]Vinod Kumar Singh1, Sabhajit Prasad Singh1 and C.P.Srivastava2

1Krishi Vigyan Kendra, I.Ag.SC., B.H.U., Barkachha, Mirzapur, 2 Deptt. of Genetics and Plant Breeding, I.Ag.SC., B.H.U.,Varanasi Email: vinod546@gmail.com

Pea rust caused by Uromyces viciae-fabae (Pers.) J. Schrot became an important pathogen of vegetable and field pea. The pathogendevelops in warm and humid weather and disease usually appears during flowering and podding stage that may results into thecomplete losses of yield. Cultivation of resistant varieties offers one of the practicable means to rust disease management. Thereis a lack of complete resistance against pea rust, further, available resistance sources were of slow rusting types. So, the presentexperiment aims at developing lines with enhanced level or slow rusting resistance. The materials of present experimentcomprised of 50 germplasm lines of pea from diverse origin. The experiment was laid out in RBD with two replications inpolyhouse. Artificial inoculation was done to create disease and lines were screened against 6 components of slow rusting.

Abstracts

22

Among statistical analysis mean, range, CV, GCV, PCV, heritability, genetic advance and coefficient of correlation was done. Awide range of variability was observed for six slow rusting traits. Highest range of variability was observed for no. of pustules/leaf. GCV and PCV indicated the existence of high degree of variability for no. of pustules/leaf, no. of non-bursting pustules andAUDPC. Heritability as well as genetic advance was high for latent period. Most of the slow rusting traits showed a significantcorrelation with AUDPC. For enhancing resistance against pea rust, component based selection should be practiced. The lineshaving high level of slow rusting resistance thus developed may serves as a parent in developing high-yielding varieties withenhanced level of durable resistance.

BGE 24

DIVERSITY OF TERMITES PESTS FROM TEA GARDENS OF NORTH BENGALRitesh Biswa1 and Ananda Mukhopadhyay2

Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, P.O. – North Bengal University,Raja Rammohanpur, Darjeeling – 734013, West BengalEmail: entoritesh@gmail.com1

, am_nbu@yahoo.co.in2

A survey of the termite species of the Tea plantations of North Bengal was conducted. The objective of the study was to record thedistribution, occurrence and association of the termite species in the tea ecosystem. The status of termite species was reviewed inreference to the earlier report of Das (1965). Termite species were sampled regularly with the help of pitfall traps (bucket-trap),hand picking and by excavating termite species colonies. The termites found belonged to three genera i.e. Odontotermes, Microtermes,and Malaysiocapritermes. Among these, the species belonging to the first two were found to be common with a frequency ofoccurrence in 90 percent tea gardens. These are considered as serious pests damaging the dead and live wood of the tea bushes.However, the pest status of Malaysiocapritermes was not clear. Representative species of this genus was collected only from smallpockets of Central Dooars tea subdistrict and is being reported for the first time from this region. An idea of changing diversityand update of termite fauna is necessary to contemplate their management in tea plantations of North Bengal.

BGE 25

ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG PIGEONPEA GENOTYPES FORSTERILITY MOSAIC DISEASE RESISTANCE USING SSR MARKERSSatheesh Naik, S. J., M. Byre Gowda, G.A. Mary Reena, C.K. Pramila and Veera Kumar, G.N.AICRP on Pigeonpea, University of agricultural sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, India-560065.E-mail: satheeshnaikagri@gmail.com

Simple sequence repeats were used to study the polymorphism between the Sterility mosaic disease (SMD) resistant andsusceptible pigeonpea genotypes. Out of 61 primers, 13 were polymorphic and the polymorphism information content (PIC) forthese primers ranged from 0.23 – 0.60, with an average of 0.43. Highest (0.60) PIC value observed for the primer CCttc008 andlowest (0.23) for CCtc012. Cluster analysis grouped the SMD highly resistant and moderately resistant genotypes (ICP 7035, BRG1, Bahar and HY 3c, respectively) in major cluster I. However, BRG 1 and HY 3c formed a separate sub cluster within cluster I but,closely associated to Bahar. Further, SMD susceptible genotypes viz., BRG 2, TTB 7 and ICP 8863 where grouped into separate anddistinct major cluster II. The genotypes TTB 7 and ICP 8863 formed a sub cluster within the cluster II being close to BRG 2. Thesimilarity coefficient ranged from 0.593 to 0.796. Highest (0.796) similarity was observed between Hy3c and BRG 1 while, lowest(0.593) was between noticed between ICP 8863 and BRG 1. Hence, polymorphic primers identified could be effectively used fordetection of SMD resistant genotypes

BGE 26

ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC VARIABILITY AND SEED QUALITY PARAMETERS INTIMELY SOWN BREAD WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) GENOTYPESNavin Kumar and Shailesh MarkerDepartment of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Allahabad School of Agriculture, SHIATS Allahbad

The present investigation was carried out with 54 wheat genotypes during rabi 2009-10 in RBD having three replications at fieldexperiment centre of the and genetic advance: Analysis of variance revealed considerable variability among the genotypes for

Biodiversity and Genetic Enhancement

23

all characters. A perusal of coefficient of variation showed that PCV was higher than GCV for all the Department of Genetics andPlant Breeding, Allahabad School of Agriculture, SHIATS. The data were recorded on twelve quantitative characters to study thevariability, heritability characters studied indicating less effect of environment on the expression of these characters. Thephenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variation (PCV and GCV) was high for grain yield per plant followed by tillers perplant, test weight and spike length. High estimates of heritability were observed for biological yield per plant followed by testweight and flag leaf length. Moderate estimates of genetic advance were exhibited by plant height, days to maturity and harvestindex.

BGE 27

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE FOR NUMBER OF FLORETS PER SPIKE IN DIFFERENTVARIETIES OF GLADIOLUSNidhi GuptaDepartment of Botany, D.G.P.G.College, KanpurEmail: manish72_knp@yahoo.com

Gladiolus is an ornamental flowering plant which has a great importance in floriculture Industry. The flowers are very attractiveand florets are arranged in the form of spikes.

Different varieties of gladiolus plant material were taken for experimental trials. The character taken for observation was numberof florets per spike. Experimental trials for different varieties of gladiolus were laid out with randomize block design with threereplications. Data were recorded and calculated on the mean performances of characters.The number of florets per spike wasmaximum in treatment or variety V42- wild Rose and V34-Shobha, the values were 22.267 and 22.250 during both the years ofinvestigation, respectively.

BGE 28

STUDY OF GENETIC VARIABILITY AND CHARACTER ASSOCIATION IN FIELD PEA(PISUM SATIVUM L.)Anupriya Saxena, G.R Lavanaya, Jaya Rathore*, Geeta Kumari , Sudhir Pathak, Vikramjeet Singh and Raju KumarDepartment of Genetics and Plant Breeding Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad(U.P.) – 211007, India.

The present investigation was carried out with twenty field pea (Pisum sativum L.) genotypes during rabi 2008-09 in RBD havingthree replications at field experiment centre of Department of Genetics and Plant breeding, Allahabad School of Agriculture,SHIATS. The data were recorded on eleven quantitative characters to study the variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlationand path analysis. Analysis of variance revealed considerable variability among the genotypes for all the characters. On the basisof mean performance highest seed yield per plant was exhibited by genotype FP8- 151. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficientof variation was high for number of clusters per plant followed by number of primary branches per plant and plant height. Highestimates of heritability was observed for plant height, which suggested that this trait would respond to selection owing to itshigh genetic variability and transmissibility. High estimates of genetic advance was exhibited by plant height, while moderateestimates of genetic advance were exhibited by days to maturity, days to 50% flowering, number of pods per plant and numberof clusters per plant. The seed yield exhibited positive and significant correlation with 100 seed weight, number of clusters perplant, number of pods per plant, pod length, days to 50% flowering, number of primary branches per plant both at phenotypicand genotypic level. Path coefficient analysis revealed that 100 seed weight had highest positive direct effect followed bynumber of pods per plant, plant height, days to 50% flowering and number of seeds per pods at genotypic level. So, thesecharacters were the most important yield components that could be used as selection indices for further improvement in peagermplasm.

Abstracts

24

BGE 29

HKM-1: PROMISING SUMMER MUNGBEAN IDEOTYPE FOR DUAL PURPOSE (GRAIN& GREEN MANURING)V.S. LatherCCS Haryana Agricultural University, Rice Research Station, Kaul (Kaithal) Haryana.E-mail:drvslather@gmail.com

.The ideotype define by Donald(1968) as the development of ideal, model, optimum plant architecture for a specific environment.In ideotype breeding, the approaches that combine physiological, genetical and architectural traits may massively be taken intoaccount. The selection on architectural traits is expected to be more effective than the direct selection on the seed yield and itscomponents. Crop ideotype may be modified to improve adaptation of the crops to different environments and to increase theseed yield and its stability. The crop architecture of grain legume including mungbean are the indeterminate growth habit,which may lead to a prolonged growth cycle with consequences on the maturation and strong within-plant competition betweenthe reproductive and vegetative growth. The main agronomic reason why breeders and geneticists have tried to geneticallymodify plant architecture is to maximize and stabilize seed yield. Though, most architectural modifications resulted in areduction in the biomass production for achieving higher harvest index (HI), however, the modification of mungbean croparchitecture for summer cultivation in present study increased the biomass production which resulted in a higher seed yieldwith low HI and better adaptation because of an increase of the assimilate partitioning to the reproductive compartment and apreferential allocation to the grain within the pods. The principal reasons, why current modifications of mungbean croparchitecture contribute to increasing seed yield may be delayed flowering date, branching pattern and stay green characterwhich directly affected the other architectural modifications and influence the light interception efficiency. Further, top podbearing characteristics of modified ideotype HKM-1 contributed to the pod wall photosynthesis which accounts for a largeproportion of the pod weight at harvest and better assimilate partitioning to the vegetative compartment and the reproductivegrowth.Rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS) accounting for 10.5 m ha is the major cropping system in states of Punjab, Haryana,Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal. However, serious concerns now expressed that the ‘Green Revolution’with RWCS and high input use has reached a plateau and now sustained with diminishing return of falling dividends andshowing signs of “fatigue” due to continued cereal-cereal (rice-wheat) cropping by stagnation of productivity and depletion ofnatural resources particularly degradation of environment and soil health. Pulses are known for their role in the improvementof soil health through improvement soil fertility through BNF (Biological nitrogen fixation), soil erosion, soil aggregation andthe diseases control. It is very well documented that green manuring through pulses in summer season after harvested of wheatin the areas of rice-wheat cropping system save about half the doses of chemical fertilizer without any adverse effect on rice cropproductivity. Further it was observed that the munbean with short vegetation duration (60 to 75 days) recorded high values oforganic matter (70%), narrow C:N ratio along with higher content of micro and macro elements and biomass (~3000 kg/ha) andgrain yield ( ~600 kg/ha) is best option for green manuring for summer conditions.The SML-668 is leading summer mungbeanvariety cultivated in RWCS areas , however, not found suitable for dual purpose of grain and green manuring due to it’s poorbiomass production.The HKM-1 is developed through selection based on ideotype approaches for tall and semi-erect growthhabit, higher biomass, stay green and top pods bearing characteristic from land races selected from Khaddar areas of YamunaRiver and showed promise for its suitability for dual purpose(grain&green manuring)during summer cultivation.

Therefore, HKM-1(Haryana Kaul Munbean-1) with higher biomass, tall and semi-erect plant growth habit, near to determinateflowering, stay green and top pods bearing characteristics and resistance to MYMV will prove to be the ideal mungbeanideotype for dual purpose (grain and green manuring) in summer cultivation in the areas of rice wheat cropping system in Indo-Gangatic Plains(IGL)

BGE 30

SELECTION OF ELITE MUNGBEAN (VIGNA RADIATA (L.) WILCZEK) GENOTYPESAnzer ul Islam, G. R. Lavanya, Suhel Mehandi and Reena GuptaDepartment of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Allahabad School of Agriculture, SHIATS, Allahabad-211007, Uttar Pradesh, India.E-mail: anzer.gene@gmail.com

The present investigation entitled “Selection of elite mungbean genotypes” was conducted in kharif 2009 at the FieldExperimentation Centre, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Allahabad School of Agriculture, SHIATS, Allahabad.Genetic variability was estimated among 28 genotypes of mungbean for ten characters. The genotypes were sown in RBDfashion in three replications. Genotype KM 9-159 recorded highest mean performance for seed yield per plant (9.69) and KM 9-117 recorded maximum number of pods per plant (58.00). High magnitude of GCV and PCV were recorded for plant height

Biodiversity and Genetic Enhancement

25

(32.47, 32.52) and 100 seed weight (22.57, 22.59) indicating the presence of sufficient amount of variation for these characters. Plantheight and 100 seed weight exhibited high heritability and genetic advance as percent of mean, suggesting the probability ofgreater amount of additive type of gene action in expression of these characters. Genotypes were grouped into six clusters as perD² statistic analysis. The intra cluster distances among six clusters was registered maximum for cluster VI (827.78) and followedby cluster I (615.62). The cluster I included eight genotypes forming the largest cluster. Highest inter cluster distance wasobserved between cluster I and VI (6482.53) followed by cluster III and cluster VI (4894.12), suggesting that crossing between thegenotypes included in these clusters is expected to generate heterotic combinations and thus facilitate the isolation of desirablegenotypes.

BGE 31

EVALUATION OF NEW CHEMICALS AGAINST SUCKING PEST OF MUNGBEANB. Panickar, I. S. Patel, P. S. Patel, and Y. RavindrababuCentre of Excellence for Research on Pulses, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrishinagar-385506 (Gujarat)Email: bindu.ento@gmail.com

Mungbean is one of the most important pulse crops. This crop is highly susceptible to various insect pests which infest its rightfrom sowing and continue up to harvesting. Among these, leafhopper is one of the most important sucking pests as it sucks thecell sap from leaves. Spotted pod borer damage the crop after initiation of flowering stage and damages the crop up to harvesting.To overcome these problems various practices have been used. But due to more damage of these pests, there is a need to evaluatethe new chemicals against these pests of mungbean. In a field trial eight different insecticides were tested with their differentdoses at research farm of Centre of Excellence for Research on Pulses, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar duringKharif 2010. Experiment was laid out under randomized block design and replicated thrice. Five plants were selected randomlyfrom each plot and number of leafhoppers were recorded from each leaf one from top, middle and bottom region of the plant atbefore spray and 3 and 7 days after spray. Total number of pods and damaged due to Maruca vitrata were counted at the time ofharvesting from five plants in each treatment and on that basis per cent pod damage was worked out. The leaf hopper populationwas significantly lower in thiamethoxam spray @ 0.2g/litre at 3 days after spraying. But after 7 days of application,clothionidin@0.1g/litre recorded significantly lowest leafhopper population and was at par with triazophos @ 1 lit/ha.Significantlylowest pod damage was recorded in Clothionidin@0.1 g/litre and was at par with clothionidin 0.05g/lit and acetamiprid.Significantly higher (2608 kg/ha) yield was observed in thiamethoxam . The highest net return (1: 213.78) was obtained intriazophos.

BGE 32

COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS STUDIES FOR SOME QUANTITATIVE ANDQUALITATIVE TRAITS IN LENTIL (LENS CULINARIS M.) GERMPLASM UNDER MID-HILL SUB-TEMPERATE CONDITIONS OF HIMACHAL PRADESHN. Kumar1, B.C. Sood1, T.R. Sharma2 and R.K. Chahota1

1Department of Crop Improvement, 2Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University,Palampur, 176 062 (H.P.) IndiaE-mail: nareshpbg@gmail.com , nareshjatt@gmail.com

A line x tester analysis involving 15 inbred lines with 2 testers having wider genetic base were carried out for some quantitativeand qualitative traits in lentil (lens culinaris M.) germplasm in Palampur (sub-temperate). The progenies of these crosses and theirparents were raised in randomized complete block design with two replications during 2007. Combining ability studiesrevealed that the lines L-658, L-666, L-407, L-354 and PL-406 were good general combiners for seed yield and most of itscomponent traits, whereas L-617, L-737, L-635, L-412 were good general combiners for seed yield and quality components and L-649 was good general combiner for earliness. Among specific cross combinations Vipasa x L-412, PL-406 x L-617, Vipasa x L-620,PL-406 x L-651, PL-406 x L-630, Vipasa x L-649, PL-406 x L-635 for seed yield and most of its component traits were outstandinghaving high sca effects. The cross combinations Vipasa x L-652, Vipasa x L-737 and PL-406 x L-407 showed high sca for proteincontent and days to 50 % flowering. Based on the comparison made in the light of per se performance, sca effects and standardheterosis, the cross combination PL-406 x L-649 was best for days to 50% flowering; PL-406x L-651 being best for pods per plant;Vipasa x L-652 and PL-406 x L-354 was found to be best for protein content. The promising cross combinations, PL-406 x L-649can be exploited to develop early maturing genotypes and PL-406 x L-651 could be exploited to develop high yielding cultivarin lentil whereas, Vipasa x L-652, PL-406 x L-354 can be exploited for the improvement of quality traits in lentil and Vipasa x L-658, Vipasa x L-642, Vipasa x L-737 for polyphenol oxidase activity. The early flowering genotype identified in the present studymay be exploited for the development of drought tolerant genotype in future.

Abstracts

26

BGE 33

ASSESSMENT OF DISTINCTIVENESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY OF VEGETABLEPEA VARIETIES BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTORSS.S. Solanky, S.D. Pandey , Aastik Jha, Rajesh Kumar, B. Singh, T. Chaubey and D. K. UpadhyayIndian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi

Thirty five indigenous vegetable pea varieties were characterised during 2010-2011 using 20 (visual and measuring) morphologicaldescriptors adopted DUS test guidelines of PPV and FR Authority and subsequently examined for their distinctiness, uniformityand stability. Stem anthocyanin colouration was absent and leaf axile colour was green in all genotypes. Among all genotypes,11 showed extra early flower opening (<40 days) after sowing, seven genotypes showed early flower opening (40-50 days), 16genotypes showed mid-flower opening (51-70 days) and only NDVP-250 showed late flower opening i.e. more than 70 days aftersowing. The leaflets were present in all the genotypes except, NDVP-250 (afila type). The pod number/axil was found single forseven genotypes viz., PM-2, PMS-3, NDVP-12, MA-6, VRP-22, AP-3 and NDVP-8 whereas twenty eight genotypes expresseddoubled pod/axil. On the basis of pod shape of distal end, fourteen genotypes showed pointed and twenty one genotypes wereblunt. In favour of plant height, the genotypes have been grouped into three categories, viz. short (<60cm), medium (60-80cm)and long (>80cm). Out of thirty five genotypes, eight showed short, twenty one medium and six genotypes showed longer plantheight. Among thirty five pea genotypes, eight genotypes expressed spherical seed shape viz. Mithi Phalli, PM-2, Pant Uphar,VL-3, Vivek Matar-9, Arka Sampoorna, DHVP-10 and PH- 1, whereas the seeds of twenty seven were dimpled seeded. Ninegenotypes showed smooth seed surface while twenty six showed wrinkled seed surface. Similarly twenty two genotypesshowed green seed cotyledon colour and thirteen yellow seed cotyledon colour. Low 1000-seed weight (<150g) was found in twogenotypes viz. PSM-3 and NDVP-250, medium (150-200g) in nineteen genotypes and higher (>200g) in fourteen genotypes. Onthe basis of present DUS characterization, these varieties were grouped into differed categories for each character and may beused as reference varieties in breeding programme. It was concluded that the morphological DUS descriptors can be effectivelyused for identification and grouping of varieties and varieties satisfying the DUS criteria for these morphological descriptorscould be registered under PPV&FR Act. Further, these varieties can be used in varietal improvement programme dependingupon the in desired characteristics.

BGE 34

ESTIMATION OF GENETIC VARIABILITY IN CHICKPEA (CICER ARITINUM L.)Neeraj Kumar Saroj, Warkad Dipak Punjaji, Suresh B.G. and G.R.LavanayaDepartment of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Allahabad School of Agriculture, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture,Technology & Sciences, (deemed-to-be-university), Allahabad-211007(U.P.)E-mail: dipakwarkad11@gmail.com

Genetic variability was estimated among 16 genotypes of chickpea for 9 characters. The Field layout was Randomized BlockDesign with three replication. The experiment was conducted at the Field Experiment Centre, of Department of Genetics andPlant Breeding, SHIATS, Allahabad .Genotype JG-62 was recorded as the maximum number of pods per plant (100.2) andgenotype IPC-94-94 43.40 recorded maximum biological yield per plant and ICC-12242 (sel-1) 4.53 was recorded as the maximumseed index and maximum number of primary branches per plant and genotype IPC-94-94 (sel-1) 33.90 has maximum harvestindex and seed yield per plant (grams).Highest mean performance was estimated in number of pods per plant and harvest index.The genotype, CSG-9505 recorded highest yield in present investigation; further the number of pods showed higher Geneticcoefficient variation coupled with high heritability and genetic advance as present of mean show given top priority for selection.The highest value of GCV and PCV were recorded for seed index. Highest genetic advance as percentage of mean recorded innumber of pods per plant. Hence, these characters may serve as effective selection parameter during breeding programme forcrop improvement.

Biodiversity and Genetic Enhancement

27

BGE 35

PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF DROUGHT TOLERANCE IN SOYBEAN GENOTYPES ATREPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENTArunkumar R*.., Gyanendra Singh., Pal R.S., Mangal Deep Tuti., Anuradha Bhartiya., Agrawal P.K., and Bhatt J.CVivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan (ICAR), Almora 263 601, IndiaE-mail: agri_arun@rediffmail.com

Crop failures due to extreme weather events such as drought, flood and water logging were important consequence of climatechange in North West Himalayas. Soybean is one of the major and widespread crop in the world and it is sensitive to water stress.A pot culture experiment was conducted during 2011 in five soybean genotypes viz VLS 21, VLS 47, VLS 59, VLS 63 and VL Bhat65 to study the physiological basis of drought tolerance in soybean genotypes at reproductive development. Drought stress wasimposed during preflowering to flowering stage by withholding the irrigation and pots were also shielded by polycoverstructure to avoid rainfall. Physiological observations like leaf angle, relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index(MSI), chlorophyll ‘a’ , chlorophyll ‘b’ , total chlorophyll, total carotenoid and proline contents, photosystem II efficiency,photosynthesis efficiency (Fv/Fm), pollen viability, leaf area , leaf weight, stem weight, number of root nodules and soilmoisture were recorded immediately after short period of drought stress. Relative water content, MSI, total chlorophyll content,total carotenoid content, photosystem II efficiency, photosynthesis efficiency, pollen viability were found to be reduced by 38,29, 24, 11 , 15 and 16 percentages respectively under drought condition compared to that of irrigated condition. Also significantincrease in proline content was recorded under drought condition. Among the genotypes the VLS 47 recorded significantlybetter physiological traits along with grain yield under drought condition.

BGE 36

STUDIES ON PERFORMANCE OF EARLY ELITE RICE CULTURES UNDER DIRECTSEEDED CONDITIONS FOR YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS.Tej Pratap Singh, A.K. Chaurasia, Gideon J. Synrem and Suhel MehandiDepartment of Genetics and Plant Breeding ,Allahabad School of Agriculture, SHIATS, Allahabad-211007, Uttar Pradesh,India.Email: synrem.gideon@gmail.com

An experiment entitled “Studies on performance of early elite rice cultures under direct seeded conditions for yield and qualitytraits.” was conducted in kharif 2009 at the Field Experimentation Centre, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, AllahabadSchool of Agriculture, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad. The material used in theexperiment was 23 rice genotypes procured from Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad. The experiment was laid in RandomizedBlock Design and the genotypes were replicated thrice. The observations were recorded for 22 characters, of which 15 werequantitative characters viz., days to 50% flowering, number of tillers per hill, number of panicle per hill, number of spikelet perpanicle, panicle length (cm), flag leaf length (cm), flag leaf breadth (cm), plant height (cm), days to maturity, biological yield /hill (g), grain yield/hill (g), grain yield per plot (kg.), grain yield (q/ha.), harvest index (%), test weight (1000 grains weight), and7 qualitative characters viz., hulling percentage, milling percentage, head rice recovery (HRR) %, kernel length of rice (mm),kernel breadth of rice (mm), length/breadth ratio and grain type. The experimental finding on the basis of analysis of variancerevealed the presence of considerable variation among the germplasm for all the 22 characters except for harvest index. MaximumGCV and PCV for 15 quantitative characters studied was observed in grain yield per plot (26.91/27.63) followed by grain yield(q/ha) (26.89/27.59) and test weight (22.42/22.48). Coefficient of variation studied indicated that phenotypic coefficient ofvariation (PCV) was slightly higher than genotypic coefficient of variation GCV for all the 15 quantitative characters studied.High estimates of heritability (broad sense) were observed in test weight (99.00) followed by grain yield (q/ha) (95.00) and grainyield per plot (94.00). Highest and lowest genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed in plant height (84.58) and flag leafbreadth (0.34) respectively. The characters that show high heritability and high genetic advance are controlled by additive geneaction and can be improved through simple or progeny selection method. Maximum GCV and PCV for 7 qualitative charactersstudied was observed in head rice recovery (20.81/20.88) followed by L/B ratio (13.00/14.29) and kernel breadth of rice (10.34/12.49). Coefficient of variation studied indicated that phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was slightly higher than genotypiccoefficient of variation GCV for all the 7 qualitative characters studied. High estimates of heritability (broad sense) wereobserved in head rice recovery (99) followed by hulling percentage (98) and milling percentage (96). Highest value of geneticadvance as per cent of mean was observed in head rice recovery (21.47) while lowest was observed for kernel breadth of rice(0.37).

Abstracts

28

BGE 37

DIVERSITY OF FOLIICOLOUS FUNGI FROM NORTH CENTRAL TARAI FORESTS OFU.P., INDIAT.P. MallPostgradute Department of Botany, Kisan P.G. College, Bahraich- 271 801 (U.P.) IndiaEmail: drtpmall@rediffmail.com

An extencive survey of North Central Tarai Forests of U.P. were made for foliar fungi during May, 2010 to July, 2011. A total offour hundred specimens were collected on angiospermic hosts. From these 26 angiospermic plant species representing 23 generaand 18 families were found infected by thirty fungal species representing 18 fungal genera which are additions to the list allready communicated for publications.

Adina cardifolia Hook f. (Rubiaceae) was found infected with Cercospora adinia Srivastava et al. where as Anona squamosa Linn.(Anonaceae) with Botryodiplidia theobromae Pat. Apud, Pat & Legerth, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk (Moraceae) with Cladosporiumartocari Kulhare & Singh and Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, Bauhinia purpurea Linn. (Fabaceae) with Phoma sp. Desm., B. Vahlii W. & A.(Fabaceae) with Alternaria bauhiniae Singh & Mall, Brassica oleraceae Linn. (Brassicaceae) with Sclerotinia sclerotiarum (L.) Bacy,Bridelia retusa Spreng (Phyllanthaceae) with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz., Carissa carandas Linn. (Apocyanaceae) with Sirosporiumsp. Bubak & Sereb, Clerodendrum indicum Linn. (Verbenaceae) with Fusarium concolor Reink, C. Viscosum Linn. (Verbenaceae) withPseudocercospora clerodendrii Speg & Stenella clerodendri Syd., Diospiros melanoxylon Roxb (Ebenaceae) with Pseudocercospora kelleri(Earle) Deight, Dolichos lablab Linn. with Phoma herbarium & Pseudocercospora dolichi Ell. & Ev., Haplophragma adenophyllum Linn.(Bignoniaceae) with Passalora sp. Holarrhena antidysentrica Wall (Apocyanaceae) with Glomerella cingulata (Stomen) Spauld &Shrenk, Holoptelia integrifolia Planch (Ulmaceae) with Colletotrichum dematium (Pers.ex Fr.) Groove Ichnocarpus fruitescens Linn.(Apocyanaceae) with Alternaria ichnocarpicola Singh & Mall, Inga dulcis Roxb. Kuntze (Mimosaceae) with Diatrype diseiformis Kar& Maity, Lagenaria siceraria (Mol) Standl (Cucurbitaceae) with Curvularia verruculosa Ellis, Mallotus philippensis Lamk (Euphorbiaceae)with Mycovellosiella malloti Bhalla et al., Psium guajava Linn. (Myrtaceae) with Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn & Cladosporium tennussimaCke, Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. (Asteraceae) with Cercospora neo- sphaeranthi Bhartiya Kumari & Singh, Shorea robusta Gaertn. f.Fruct. (Dipterocarpaceae) with Pseudocercospora rhoreae (Thirum & Kotsuki) Deighton., Solanum melongena Linn. (Solanaceae)with Alternaria solani Nees, Solanum tuberosum Linn. (Solanaceae) with Cladosporium sphaerospermum Penz., Strebulus asper Lamk.(Moraceae) with Pseudocercosporella strebli Singh and Tectona grandis Linn. (Verbenaceae) with Phomopsis variosporum Sacc. Sincethis area in not thoroughly served &documented and the available literatures reveals that all the fungal collections are anaddition to the Indian foliar mycoflora from North Central Tarai Forests of U.P.

BGE 38

ANTIBIOSIS AND BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF RESISTANCE IN INDO - AFRICANGENETIC RESOURCES OF PIGEONPEA TO HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA HUB.I. S. Patel, P. S. Patel, B. Panikar and Y. RavindrababuCentre of Excellence for Research on Pulses, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrishinagar-385506 (GUJARAT)Email : dr.ispatel@gmail.com

Helicoverpa armigera Hub. is considered major pests of pigeonpea. It is reported to be most devastating pest at reproductive stagesof pigeonpea. The principal means of controlling H. armigera has been the use of conventional insecticides. However, indiscriminateuse of insecticides led several environmental problems. Development of resistance lines for pigeonpea is important componentof IPM. The levels of resistance to H. armigera in the cultivated germplasm are quite low and therefore there is need to introgressresistance genes from Indo- African line into the cultigene. To investigate antibiosis and biochemical basis of mechanisms in sixlines of cultivated and five lines of Indo-African were tested at Entomology laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Research onPulses, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrishinagar during 2009-10.

Study on antibiosis indicated that among all the varieties, minimum eggs were laid in ICPL-332 (32 eggs) and LRG-41(46 eggs).Overall maximum eggs were deposited on Indo-african lines as compared to cultivated lines. Larval weight and pupal weightwas found minimum in ICPL-13555 and ICPL-332 , respectively. ICPL-332 had also minimum pupal weight. ICPL-33 alsorecorded minimum pupal weight (236mg) and pupal length (1.66cm)

Biochemical analysis revealed that mean protein content was found maximum in buds (21.03%) as compared to flower and pod.ICPL-84-0-84 had high protein content Moisture content and TSS was recorded lowest in ICP-13555. ICPL-84-0-84 had highprotein content. While same entry had higher amount of phenol (0.71%).

Biodiversity and Genetic Enhancement

29

BGE 39

EVALUATION OF CHRYSANTHEMUM GENOTYPES FOR VALUE ADDITIONCHANDRAGIRI, R., VEERA KUMAR G.N., NAGARAJA, M AND PRAMILA, C.K.Department of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore- KarnatakaEmail: pramila.aulya@gmail.com

Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflore. Tzvelev) is one of the most beautiful flowering commercial important crop. Today,it has earned tremendous popularity as an ornamental flower for the garden, cut flower for interior decorations, also for theconservatory display and as an attractive potted plant. Among the different types of Chrysanthemum, sprays and form types arethe prominent of the mixed bunches. In India, it has been recognized as one among the top five important commerciallypotential flower crops. Today with the advancement of the technologies like using the greenhouse for climate control, use ofhigh yielding genotypes, chrysanthemum cultivation is all set to go hi-tech. Since Chrysanthemum is sensitive to photoperiod,year round production is possible only under playhouse conditions providing artificial lighting and dark period. A study wasconducted to understand the relative performance, nature and magnitude of variability, association of different morphologicaltraits and direct and indirect effects of different component characters on important traits of commercial aspects. Ten standardsand twenty spray Chrysanthemum varieties were evaluated under playhouse conditions. Among high yielding genotypes,cream Fizi recorded highest flower weight (9.48g), Cayman (2.39g), suitable for hi-tech cultivation. Evert genotype recordedloner duration of vase life (16 days), Lineker and Lineker Amber recorded vase life of 19.6 days for export and keeping quality.

BGE 40

EVALUATION OF NEW HYBRIDS FOR OVER SEASONS IN SUNFLOWER(HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)Nagaraja, M, K.M., Channakrishnaiah, Veera Kumar, G.N., Vasundra Devi, N.V. and Pramila, C.K.Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore- Karnataka

Simple adoptions such as change in planning dates and crop varieties could help in reducing the impact of climate change tosome extent. There are large yield gaps in all crops and bridging them could assist in strengthen food security of the region andreducing the vulnerability to climate change. Fragile seed sector, poor technology dissemination mechanisms, lack of adequatecapital for inputs and poor market infrastructure are the key reasons for yield gaps. In view of this an experiment was taken forthe evaluation of sunflower hybrids available in market with the private and public sectors for their recommendation for yieldpotentiality over seasons. The experimental material comprised of a totally 34 hybrids including private, public sector and pre-released hybrids. The KBSH1 was used as a check to assess yield potential for comparison of new hybrids.

Seed yield in sunflower is a complex trait and is the ultimate total expression or its individual component. Pooled analysis ofvariance over both the season for seed yield indicated that overall mean of 2130 kg/ha in both the seasons, the KBSH 44 andKBSH 42 have yielded 6.9 per cent and 3.84 percent higher seed yield than the check KBSH 1. Three hybrids performed well overthe seasons for most of the characters studied such as plant height, head diameter, Days to 50 percent flowering, days to maturity,100 seed weight, hull content, oil content, oil yield and seeds yield. The hybrids are KBSH 44, KBSH 42 and Heera for commercialcultivation by farming community to increase production and productivity based on their better adaptability.

BGE 41

STUDIES ON CYTOPLASMIC EFFECT IN F2 POPULATIONS OF RICE (ORYZASATIVA L.)VASUNDRA DEVI, N.V., SHASHIDHAR, H.E., VEERA KUMAR G.N., VIJAYA NARASIMHA, J., NAGARAJA, M ANDPRAMILA, C.K.Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore- Karnataka

Rice is the most important food crop of the Asian sub continent. Increasing land availability under rice is a problem because ofthe population growth and many other reasons. Increasing yielded potential requires utilization of genetic variability presentin the species. 14Mha of rice area in India is subjected to drought stress and around 7Mha of upland areas other areas which arebasically rained areas are subjected to drought either in the beginning or end of the season with the erratic nature of monsoonthat is anticipated in the changed climate requirement of drought tolerant rice cultivars. Already many people have conducted

Abstracts

30

research on utilization of genetic variability present in the species, but cytoplasmic contribution has not been utilizated,especially for root morphological traits as a source of genetic variability. It has been hypothesized that cytoplasm eitherindependently or in association with the nuclear genome might contribute to root and shoot morphological traits. An experimentwas conducted to find the reciprocal cross differences for root, shoot and grain yield parameters if any and also estimatedstandard hetersosis for root morphological traits over moroberecan & IR 64.

The estimates of cytoplasmic effect for various traits, it was shown that there were significant reciprocal cross differences formany traits includes maximum root length, root thickness, number of grain per panicle, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weightand total length of the plant. Since plant height did not show any reciprocals effect. Standard heterosis for root, shoot, flower andgrain yield parameters over IR 64 shows that most of the root traits showed significant negative, heterosis over the checkmoroberecan. In the reciprocal differences in F2 populations, Significant results were obtained for traits such as plant height,maximum root length, number of roots and total length of the plant, indicating that there is contribution of cytoplasm towardsroot and shoot morphological traits.

BGE 42

GENETICS OF SEEDLING AND SEED QUALITY TRAITS AND ITS IMPLICATION INHETEROSIS BREEDING IN MUNGBEANManoj Katiyar,C. K.Verma and Amit Kumar VermaC. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur -208002

The Genetic architecture of seedling characters (root length, shoot length, root dry weight and shoot dry weight) and seedquality traits (100-grain weight, grain density and protein percentage) was worked out using diallel set of crosses in F1 and F2generation of mungbean. Appreciable amount of diversity was observed among the parents for all the traits. Graphical analysisindicated significant contribution of non-additive gene action for all the traits in both the generations. Analytical approach alsosuggested similar pattern. The average degree of dominance was in the range of over–dominance in each generation for all theattributes. GCA effects revealed that KM 2241 was a good general combiner for all the attributes. Per se performance was notfound to be a reasonably good indicator of gca effects. Considerable amount of heterosis was observed for all the traits. Ingeneral, amongst heterosis crosses, majority of crosses had one parent with high and other with low gca effects, Superiority ofthese crosses was attributed to non- additive genetic variation. Medium heritability estimate was observed for seedling traitsand low for protein content in both the generations. The maximum genetic advance in percentage of means was observed forshoot length and root dry weight in both F1 and F2. Rest of the traits exhibited low genetic advance.

BGE 43

BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF LIGNIN DEGRADING MICROORGANISMS BYASSAYING ENZYMESIra Chaudhary1, Faria Fatima1, Smita Rastogi2 and Neelam Pathak1

1. Department of Biotechnology, Integral University, Lucknow-2260262. Department of Biotechnology, DTU, Delhi- 42Email: Danishik786@gmail.com

Although the bioligninolytic potential is not a very common characteristic among microorganisms, however lignin degradersbelongs to diverse group of microorganisms. The ecological role of these microorganisms in soil is very important, as they takepart in the biogeochemical cycles of the ecosystem. Thus, it is necessary to study the composition and dynamics of thesemicrobial populations to reach a better understanding of soil microbial diversity and industrial uses etc. In order to exploitmicroorganisms for lignin degrading activities (laccases, Lignin peroxidases, Mangnese peroxidase), it is a prerequisite toisolate and characterize microorganisms with potentials from natural resource i.e. soil. Collection of soil sample from twodifferent horizons i.e. upper horizon containing litter and lower horizon having rhizosphere which is 10-15 cm in depth has beentaken. The soil was plated on respective selective media for screening of lignin degrading microorganisms. The ligninolyticability is based on unspecific one-electron oxidation of the benzenic rings catalyzed by synergistic action of extracellularhaemperoxidases and peroxide-generating oxidases. The established strain collection was screened for genomic as well asenzyme activities relevant to industrial as well as agricultural applicability. The activity, efficiency and stability of these novelenzymes can be further improved and it is distributed over various industries, including food (45%), detergents (34%), textiles(11%), leather (3%) and pulp and paper (1.2%). Several enzymes are also used to prepare enantiomer-pure drugs from theirracemic mixture. In the pharmaceutical industry, microbial enzymes are not only used for production of new drugs, therapeuticagents, bioremediation, biofertilizer and xenobiotics.

Biodiversity and Genetic Enhancement

31

BGE 44

ENHANCING PRODUCTIVITY OF LENTIL BY UTILIZING GENETIC VARIABILITY INRESPONSE TO PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZATIONM.D. Tuti*, G. Singh, J.K. Bisht and J.C. BhattVivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan (ICAR), Almora, Uttarakhand - 263 601Email: mangaldeep2t@rediffmail.com

A field experiment was conducted at Hawalbagh, Almora, Uttarakhand in a sandy loam soil under sub-temperate climaticconditions for evaluating the performance of three lentil genotypes (VL 507, VL 514 and VL 516) with four phosphorus level (0,20, 40 and 60 kg P2O5 ha-1) under irrigated condition. VL 507 showed the highest seed yield (17.8 q ha-1), crop-growth rate (4.8 gm-2), net assimilation rate (5.83 g m-2 day-1) and seed protein content (25.5%) among all the tested cultivars. P applied throughinorganic fertilizer at the highest rate (60 kg P2O5 ha-1) caused the best positive response with respect to physiological traits,growth attributes, and yield components. Similarly phosphorus content in lentil grain was increased from 32 to 35% withincrease in phosphorus dose. However, cooking quality was found non-significant among genotypes and different doses ofinorganic P fertilizer. Furthermore, the application of P-fertilizer was found to be feasible in economic terms, as the net returns(Rs 13,960 ha-1) and benefit-cost ratio (1.14) was higher under 60 kg P2O5 ha-1. Increase in monetary return per unit of increase P-fertilizer was also enhanced successively with successive increase in phosphorus rate. It was concluded that for maximumpotential yield of lentil, genotype VL 507 is the best suited under irrigated conditions provided that its P nutrition is enhanced.The pronounced genetic variability in lentil-yield traits suggests that nutrient-efficient germplasm can be screened throughbreeding programmes to promote lentil production.

BGE-45

GENETIC STUDIES IN RECIPROCAL CROSSES INVOLVING BUDDA AND MM125IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.)VASUNDRA DEVI, N.V., SHASHIDHAR, H.E., VEERA KUMAR, G.N., VIJAYA NARASIMHA, J., NAGARAJA, M ANDPRAMILA, C.K.Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore- KarnatakaEmail: pramila.amulya@gmail.com

Experiments were conducted in reciprocal crosses involving Budda and MM125 with the objectives of estimation of reciprocalcross differences for various traits such as root parameters, shoot parameters and grain yield in F1’s. Estimation of standardheterosis in F1’s for shoot and grain yield parameters over IR64 and root morphological traits over Moroberecan. Estimation ofreciprocal cross differences in F2 population for various shoot and root morphological traits. The reciprocal cross difference wasestimated by comparing the differences in means of F1’s. Significant differences were obtained for traits such as maximum rootlength, total root number, root thickness, shoot fresh and dry weight, total length of the plant, number of grains per panicle,hundred grain weight and harvest index. On estimating standard heterosis, significant negative heterosis was observed for traitssuch as maximum root length, root thickness, root volume, root fresh and dry weight, grain length and yield per plant in boththe crosses and hundred grain weight in MM125 x Budda cross. Significant positive heterosis was observed for traits such as plantheight, grain breadth, sterility percentage and total length of the plant in both the crosses and test weight in Budda x MM125cross. The F2 populations of Budda and MM125 crosses were evaluated for reciprocal cross differences by comparing the differencesin means and variance of F2 population with that of student‘t’ value. Significant differences were obtained for traits such as meanplant height, maximum root length, total root number and total length of the plant indicating the importance of reciprocalcrosses in the breeding programme.

Abstracts

32

BGE-46

EFFECTUAL TOOL FOR GENETIC DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF WHEAT – RAPDMohd Kamran Khan1, Anamika Pandey1, Saumya Choudhary1, Sheeba Khan1, Rais Ahmad2, Erdogan E. Hakki3,Mahinur S. Akkaya4, George Thomas1

1 Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Department of Molecular & Cellular Engineering,Allahabad-211007, INDIA2Biotechnology Research Foundation, Kanpur-208024, INDIA3University of Selcuk, Department of Soil Science & Plant Nutrition, Konya-42079, TURKEY4Middle East Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Cankaya, Ankara TR-06800, TURKEYEmail-mohdkamran.biotech@gmail.comContact No: +91 9335967673, 8604430418

Due to advances in molecular biology techniques, large numbers of highly informative DNA markers have been developed. Theusing of DNA-based genetic markers is efficient and reliable in the case of species with a low genetic variability such as wheat.The innovation of polymerase chain reaction was a milestone in the development of DNA markers. The PCR-based randomamplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers are dominant markers and are extensively used, for the identification of markerslinked with useful traits and genetic variability studies. Low expense, efficiency in developing a large number of DNA markersin a short time and requirement for less sophisticated equipment has made the RAPD technique valuable although reproducibilityof the RAPD profile is still the centre of debate. With this effective tool, genetic polymorphism can be estimated and equally, itis possible to carry out large scale screening of genetic resources held in gene banks, natural populations, ecosystems and naturalreserves. Genetic diversity assessment in wheat using RAPD will be greatly important for varietal identification, proper puritymaintenance, for conserving, evaluating and utilizing genetic resources and for determining the uniqueness and distinctness ofthe phenotypic and genetic constitution of genotypes with the purpose of protecting a breeder intellectual property rights. Thegeneration of the RAPD fingerprints on the basis of the wheat DNA profiles will be of great use for wheat breeders in their effortsof developing new cultivars with the potential use in an environment of rapidly increasing seed production demand andunfavorably changing conditions.

Sustainable Crop Production

33

SCP 01

LEGUME BASED CROPPING SYSTEM FOR SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTIONN.K. Sharma and K.S. DadhwalCentral Soil & Water Conservation Research & Training Institute, 218 Kaulagarh Road, Dehradun – 248 195 (UK), IndiaEmail: nks60@rediffmail.com

Removal of top fertile soil due to erosion is a major cause for decline in soil fertility which results in deterioration of soil healthleading to unsustainability of the agro-ecosystem. Due to some of the unique characteristics (deep rooted system, nitrogenfixation capacity, leaf shading etc.), leguemes are important component of the conservation agriculture. Legume being a erosionresisting crops provide better cover and protection to land against erosion as compared to open tilled crops. Inclusion oflegumes in crop production system, either as a pure culture or intercrop, is a cheapest soil conservation measure to combat soilerosion and maintaining soil fertility. Legumes not only produce good canopy but also has economic value to the farmers. Pulsecrop are generally suitable for such purposes. Cowpea has been found to produce maximum canopy (upto 90%, 45 days aftersowing) and give quick return among the pulses. Inclusion of such type of close growing vegetation in the cropping system notonly reduces soil (up 27%) and water (upto 15%) losses, but also adds sufficient quantity of organic matter and nutrient in the soilresulting in increase of yield of succeeding crop (61% in wheat). Studies conducted at Dehradun show that inclusion of cowpeaas an intercrop in maize result less water loss as a surface runoff (41.2% rainfall) as against pure maize (54.1%). Similarly, stripcropping mixture of maize (2 rows, 60 cm apart) and soybean (8 rows, 30 cm apart) gave maximum yield (3708 kg/ha) as well aseconomic return. Studies also show that use of legumes as a mulch is not only beneficial for checking the soil erosion in kharifseason but also increase the yield of succeeding rabi crop. Cowpea mulching in maize yielded higher wheat grains (2744 kg/ha)as compared to sole stand of maize (2349 kg/ha). Studies also indicate that it is always beneficial to grow legumes (sunnhemp)for green manuring in kharif season instead of keeping the fields fallow in fallow-wheat cropping system. Similarly, in situsunnhemp mulching in maize is advocated in maize-wheat cropping system. This practice has the inherent ability for improvingthe soil fertility besides reduction in runoff and soil loss. Thus, legumes play an important role in conservation of soil and waterresources for evolving sustainable agriculture in the country.

SCP 02

INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON YIELD MAXIMIZATION OF IRRIGATEDGROUNDNUTH. Patro1, S. S. Nanda2, D. Parida, Md. A. Alim and A. K. Behura.All India Coordinated Research Project on Groundnut, OUAT, Bhubaneswar - 751003.*Email:pranati_hkp@hotmail.com

A field experiment was conducted during rabi-summer season of 2009-10 and 2010-11 at Agronomy Main Research farm, OrissaUniversity of Agriculture and Technology, Odisha to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on maximizing theyield of groundnut crop under irrigated condition. The result of pooled analysis of two years data revealed that application of100% recommended dose of fertilizer as basal plus 50% recommended dose of fertilizer nitrogen at 30 DAS along with FYM@7.5t/ha recorded the maximum pod yield of 2200kg/ha which was comparable with 75% recommended dose of fertilizer asbasal and 75% recommended dose of fertilizer nitrogen at 30DAS with or without FYM @7.5 t/ha and 100% recommended doseof fertilizer as basal plus 50% recommended dose of fertilizer nitrogen at 30 DAS without FYM@7.5 t/ha. The yield maximizationwas due to improvement in growth parameters and yield attributes. Similar trend was also observed in respect of maximumgross return (Rs. 48629/ha), net return (Rs. 23274/ha) and benefit- cost ratio (1.935) with the same treatment.

SUSTAINABLE CROP PRODUCTION

Abstracts

34

SCP 03

STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF FLY ASH ON THE HETEROTROPHIC ACTIVITIES OFMICRO-ORGANISMS IN DIFFERENT SOILS OF KANPURShweta Awasthi and Vinod RishiDeptt.of Botany, Bramhanand P.G.College, Kanpur

The present study was conducted to investigate the influence of fly ash on heterotrophic activities of micro-organisms in twodifferent soils-A sandy loam alluvial soil and an acidic soil .During this study carbon dioxide evolution was an indicator of soilmicrobial activities. It was also undertaken to evaluate the effect of fly ash incorporation to soil on soil into both kind of soils(sandy loam alluvial soil and acid soil) may improves soil property. It enhances the trace metal content when soil has a poorcontent of such elements. It also affects the pattern of carbon dioxide evolution

SCP 04

SUSTAINABLE CROP PRODUCTION USING NATURAL RESOURCES Priyanka Bhareti and R. K. PanwarDepartment of Genetics and Plant Breeding G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology Pantnagar, U S Nagar,Uttarakhand-263145Email: bhareti.priyanka9@gmail.com

The World Commission on Environment and Development (Brundtland Report, 1987) defined sustainability as “ensuring thatdevelopment meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”.This can be added the need to utilize the natural resources as biosafety to feed the world population. Sustainable crop productionusing natural resources increase agricultural production and productivity by utilizing ecological and biological integrity ofnatural resources. It includes a various diverse approaches like hybridization and selection of intervarietal and interspecificspecies and different landraces and varieties that are well suited to the climatic conditions of the farm: mixed farming andcultural practices to enhance the biological and economic productivity and stability of the land; proper management of the soilto enhance and protect soil structure, soil texture, soil micro fauna and quality: growing of legume crops for soil nitrogenfixation; recycling crop waste and livestock. Sustainable crop production is a method of cultivation using principles of ecologyand the study of relationships between organisms and their environment. It is an integrated system of crops and livestockproduction practices which is having a site-specific application which gives the long term benefits for our future needs. Itdepends on replenishing the soil while minimizing the use of non-renewable resources. Natural resources are an importantsource of nutrients and high yielding crop production. Balanced use of natural resources increased nutrient availability, nutrientand water use efficiency, improves soil fertility, enhances crop production and productivity, generate farmers income and createa beneficial interaction between crop and their surrounding environmental conditions. The chemical fertilizers should be usedjudiciously and proper utilization of natural resources along with chemical fertilizers for increasing demand of food, enhancingcrop production and soil productivity in a sustainable way, all these efforts would lead to desired awareness and as a resultproper utilization of natural resource would become a cause of a boom in agriculture sector.

SCP 05

THE ROLE OF FLY ASH IN SOIL AMENDMENTAnuradha Varshney, Kiran Prajapati and Pratibha SinghDepartment of Chemistry, Dayanand Girls P. G. College, KanpurEmail: varshney_anuradha@rediffmail.com

Flyash (FA) a by product of thermal power plant (Problematic solid waste) and its management is a great concern of the country.Flyash is used as a soil ameliorates which improves physical, chemical and biological properties of the degraded soils and is asource of readily available plant micro and macro nutrients. FA consists of practically all the elements present in soil exceptorganic carbon and nitrogen. Although FA can not substitute the need of chemical fertilizers or organic manure; it can be usedin combination with these to get additional benefits in terms of improvement in soil physical characteristics, increased yieldsetc. The post harvest soil analysis revealed that the application of FA increased the available status of major, secondary andmicronutrients, due to the release of these nutrients from FA during the crop growth period. Water holding capacity of the soilalso increased due to the relation of more water by FA. In cane sugar, clarified cane sugar % increased from 10.05 to 11.45. It is an

Sustainable Crop Production

35

economical benefit to the sugar plants and hence farmers will get higher price for their canes. Field trials show that flyashapplication increased the yield of cereals, pulses, oil seeds, vegetables and sugar corps significantly. Farmers are now willing touse FA in their fields.

SCP 06

ENHANCING THE QUALITY OF MAIZE PLANTS USING CYANOBACTERIAP. Srivastava, 1, B.K Alex.2 and E. P. Koshy,3 Pooja Srivastava, Blessymole K. Alex and Eapen P. KoshyJacob School of Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & SciencesEmail: pooja.srivastava471@gmail.com

Cyanobacteria are well known for its stimulating affect on growth of different plant species. Cyanobacteria produce bioactivecompounds including plant growth regulators that effect the growth of inoculated plants. The objectives of the presentinvestigation was to study effect of the cyanobacterial species Nostoc commune on germination, vegetative growth, chlorophyllcontent, carotenoid content, carbohydrate, starch content, amylase enzyme and reducing sugars of Maize plants. As compared tocontrol plants, seed presoaking in the culture extract of Nostoc commune, enhanced the photosynthetic activity, growth criteria,content of chlorophyll, carotenoid, starch, reducing sugars and carbohydrates. In majority of cases, seed pretreatment withNostoc commune, increased the chl.a, chl.b, total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Amylase activity was progressively increasedin response to presoaking in the algal filtrates. The germination of maize seeds treated with cyanobacteria was faster thancontrol,10% extract of Nostoc was more effective in enhancing growth, biochemical constituents and carbohydrate metabolism ofMaize plant. This procedure of pretreating the seeds with different cyanobacteria can be used to improve the quality of manyplants.

SCP 07

ENHANCEMENT OF PHALSA YIELD AND QUALITY THROUGH INTEGRATEDNUTRIENT MANAGEMENTR. B. Ram, Kuldeep, Yogita, Rubee Lata, M.L. Meena and Priyamvada SonkarDepartment of Applied Plant Science (Horticulture) Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Vidya Vihar, Lucknow

The experiment was carried out at the Horticultural Research Farm in the Department of Applied Plant Science (Horticulture),Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow during 2009 - 2010. The main objective of the present experiment is toevaluate the effect of organic manure, inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizers on the growth and quality of phalsa fruits and onsoil health. The experiment was comprised of eight treatments which were replicated thrice in RBD with one plant unit. Themaximum increase in growth parameters (number of shoots, shoot length, number of leaves per shoot, intermodal length),improvement in yield and yield attributing characters, fruit yield of integrated nutrient management on soil health wererecorded excellent with the application of T3 and T4 treatments. Among all the treatments under this investigation treatment T3(100 g Urea + 120g SSP + 20g MOP + 8kg FYM + Azotobacter + PSB) was proved to be most effective, in terms of yield and qualityof fruits. It also incorporates maximum nitrogen in the soil. Therefore, for commercial cultivation of phalsa, it is recommendedthat 100g Urea+ 120g SSP + 20g MOP + 8kg FYM + 25g Azotobacter + 25g PSB are ideal for the integrated nutrient managementpractices in phalsa under Lucknow conditions.

SCP 08

EFFECT OF PRIMING ON GERMINATION AND SEED VIGOUR IN GREENGRAM(VIGNA RADIATA L. WILCZEK)Rajkumar Sharma, Sudhir Kumar Pathak*, G. Roopa Lavanya and Jaya RathodDepartment of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Allahabad School of Agriculture Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture,Technology & Sciences, Allahabad-211007, U.P., IndiaEmail: Pathak.Sudhir007@ymail.com

In an experiment plant growth regulators, GA3, IAA and NAA at 60 ppm 80 ppm, 100 ppm concentrations, NaCl solution (5%),CaCl2 solution (1%) and hydration (6 hours) were used to study their effect on germination and seed vigour in greengram cvAsha during 2010-2011. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized block design and the observations were

Abstracts

36

recorded on germination percent, shoot length, root length, total seedling length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight,seedling vigour index and vigour index mass. GA3 100 ppm concentration recorded significant effect over control for germinationpercent, root length, shoot length, total seedling length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index andvigour index mass followed by hydration and IAA treatments. The results obtained, suggested that different concentrations ofplant growth regulators and salts showed different effects on germination and seed vigour parameters in greengram.

SCP 09

PHYTATE ACCUMULATION AND MIPS EXPRESSION PATTERN DURING SEEDDEVELOPMENT IN SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX L.)Sweta Kumari, Awadhesh Kumar, Swati kumari, Monica Jolly and Archana SachdevDivision of Biochemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012,Email: sweta381@gmail.com

The major form in which phosphorus occurs in plant seeds is myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6 hexakisphosphate, commonly referred to asphytic acid or InsP6. Given its ability to complex proteins and minerals, despite its antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties,it is mostly known as an antinutrient for human and non ruminants. The first step in phytic acid biosynthesis is the de novosynthesis of myo-inositol, which is catalyzed by the enzyme D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate synthase (MIPS EC 5.5.1.4). Aiming atunderstanding the control mechanism of phytate synthesis, we examined phosphorous fractions, phytic acid accumulationpattern and MIPS gene expression during seed development of soybean. Inorganic phosphorus was almost constant with a linearincrease of total phosphorus and phytate phosphorus during seed development thereby suggesting that phytic acid accumulationbegan early during seed development and increase steadily throughout maturation. A final concentration of 1.9% was reachedat maturity, which constituted ~70% of total phosphorus in seeds. MIPS expression analysis by RT-PCR and by northernhybridization was simultaneously conducted in developing seeds of soybean. MIPS transcripts were detected in the early stagesof seed development and their levels reached a peak at 6-8mm seed size followed by a gradual decline in expression withcomplete absence of transcripts in the mature (12-14mm) seeds. The study suggested that the conversion of d-Glc-6-P to d-myo-inositol-3-phosphate catalyzed by the first enzyme (MIPS) of the phytic acid biosynthesis pathway occured earlier in seeddevelopment than accumulation of the final product, phytic acid. Identification of kinases and their expression patterns willprovide a more detailed picture of the subsequent steps in phytic acid biosynthetic pathway.

SCP 10

SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF THE INOCULATION WITH PLANT GROWTH PROMOTINGRHIZOBACTERIA AND NITROGEN-FIXING BACTERIA ON THE PERFORMANCE OFCHICKPEA GROWN IN ALLUVIAL SOILEes Ahmad, Mohammad Saghir Khan, Almas Zaidi, Mohammed OvesDepartment of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim UniversityAligarh, 202002, UP, IndiaE-mail: eesahmad@gmail.com,

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inhabiting different agro-ecological niches have been found one of the mostpromising alternatives to synthetic chemical fertilizers for raising the production of various crops including legumes in differentagro-ecosystems. The increase in health and yield of crops following PGPR has been attributed mainly due to their ability tosynthesize plant growth regulators, solubilize insoluble phosphate, biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) and by some indirectmechanisms like producing siderophores, antibiotics and cyanogenic compounds. Considering the varied yet agronomicallyimportant properties, PGPR belonging to genera Pseudomonas and Azotobacter were recovered from conventional rhizosphericsoils of district Aligarh while strains of Mesorhizobium were collected from nodules of popularly grown legume chickpea (Cicerarietinum). The isolated bacterial strains in general were positive for phosphate solubilization, indoleacetic acid production,HCN, siderophore and antifungal activity, and EPS secretion. The bacterial isolates were further applied as sole or compositecultures and compared with nitrogen (urea) and phosphatic (DAP) fertilizers, generally used in chickpea cultivation. Whilecomparing the effects of sole application of biofertilizers and chemical nutrients, interestingly the nitrogen fixing pigmentlegheamoglobin, chlorophyll content and yield of inoculated chickpea was significantly greater than the recommended dose ofurea and DAP, applied either separately or as mixture. However, the composite application of Azotobacter, Pseudomonas andMesorizobium further enhanced the measured parameters and was found superior compared to single application of each bacterialstrains or chemical fertilizers in pot trial experiments. The present finding therefore suggests that a composite application of

Sustainable Crop Production

37

inexpensive natural resources PGPR (Pseudomonas), symbiotic (Mesorhizobium) and asymbiotic N2-fixing (Azotobacter) organismscould serve as a suitable alternative to expensive chemical fertilizers for increasing the production of chickpea.

SCP 11

EFFECT OF INTER CROPPING AND WEED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON WEEDDYNAMICS AND YIELD OF GARLIC.Naushad Khan, R. A. Yadav, Vikas Kumar and Anubhav TrivediDepartment of Agronomy, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur-208002

A field experiment was carried out during Rabi season of 2010-11 at Students’ Instructional Farm of C. S. Azad University ofAgriculture and Technology, Kanpur with objectives to find out most remunerative garlic based inter cropping system andsuitable weed management practices with a view to suppress weed population and to enhance garlic yield. Garlic is an importantspice crop of India. Its cultivation started in earliest Neolithic. Being narrow leaved plant, weeds cause significant loss in garlicyield. For reducing weed population and increasing yield of garlic, this experiment has been formulated with three garlic basedinter cropping system i.e. Garlic + Coriander (1:1), Garlic + Fenugreek (1:1) and Garlic + Spinach (1:1) and four weed managementpractices i.e. One Hand Weeding, Hand Weeding (Twice), Pendimethaline (1 Kg a.i./ha) and Pendimethaline (0.75 Kg/ha) + OneHand Weeding. All the treatments were tested in Split Plot Design with three replication. The result of one year experimentrevealed that in Garlic + Spinach Inter Copping System, both the crop mutually benefited to each other. The lowest weed dryweight and highest garlic yield (152 q/ha) and Spinach yield (10q/ha) were recorded under Garlic + Spinach Inter CoppingSystem. Among the weed control measures, Pendimethaline (0.75 Kg/ha) + one hand weeding significantly reduced the weedpopulation and its dry weight and produced highest Garlic and inter crop yield than other treatments.

SCP 12

SOIL CARBON FRACTIONS AND ENZYME ACTIVITY UNDER DIFFERENT LAND USESIN CENTRAL HIMALAYAN REGIONJustin George K, Raj Deo Singh, K. Arunkumar, Ashok K Patra

Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, IndiaEmail: justinagri@gmail.com

Increasing anthropogenic disturbances of the Himalayan Mountains is a serious environmental problem. We studied the variouscarbon fractions and enzyme activities under different land use systems viz., organic farming, soybean-wheat, fodder, undisturbednatural forest and barren land in the Almora region of Uttarakhand in the Central Himalayan region. The soil samples werecollected in two seasons, i.e., July 2009 (summer) and January 2010 (winter) from 0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 cm depths and analyzed fortotal organic carbon content, microbial biomass carbon, particulate organic carbon, labile carbon and the activity of variousenzymes like dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatases and arylsulfatase. All the land use systems exerted significanteffect on the total organic carbon content. The highest values for TOC, MBC, POC and LBC were found in forest soil and thelowest in barren land. The studied enzyme activities also showed wide variation with change in land use systems. Irrespectiveof the depth and seasonal differences the undisturbed forest system was found to maintain the highest activities of dehydrogenase,acid phosphatase alkaline phosphatase and arylsulfatase. The carbon fractions were found to be less affected by seasonal changesthan the enzymes. In the winter season increase in the values of TOC (8.45%) and POC (9.69%) was observed. The other carbonfractions showed decrease in values in winter season: MBC (24.53%), labile carbon (1.00%). The enzyme activities were found todecrease significantly in the winter season. Compared to the activities in summer season magnitude of decrease in the activitiesin winter was 59.77% in acid phosphatase, 40.48% in alkaline phosphatase, 76% in dehydrogenase, 11.43% in arylsulfatase. Theeffect of depth on most of the parameters was found to be significant only between the first two depths. All the carbon fractionsstudied were found to be positively correlated with the various enzyme activities. Of the various carbon fractions, labile carbonexhibited the highest correlation with enzymes.

Abstracts

38

SCP 013

IMPACT OF ABIOTIC FACTORS ON LIPAPHIS ERYSIMI (KALTENBACH) ONDIFFERENT OLEIFEROUS BRASSICASWajid Hasan* and C. P. SinghDepartment of Entomology, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar- 263145, Uttarakhand*Email: entowajid@gmail.com

The experiments on life table of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) were conducted during rabi season (2007-08 and2008-09) at Crop Research Centre and Economic Entomology Laboratory of the Department of Entomology, G.B. Pant Universityof Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, U.S. Nagar, Uttarakhand to understand the impact of abiotic key mortality factorsupon L. erysimi and the source of resistance. The survivorship were stair step curve of type I on all Brassica species at alltemperature (15, 20, 25oC) and photo periods (6, 9 hrs). On B. campestris, intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) was observedmaximum 0.1707 for L. erysimi at field 2008-09 followed by 0.1631 at 250C and 6hrs photophase, 0.1615 at 200C and 6hrs, 0.1592 at250C and 9hrs, 0.1513 at field 2007-08, 0.1282 at 200C and 9hrs, 0.1168 at 150C and 9 hrs and lowest 0.0964 at 150C and 6 hrs. On B.juncea, it was higher 0.1922 at 250C and 9hrs followed by 0.1908, 0.1599, 0.1486, 0.1436, 0.1426, 0.1376 and 0.1245 at 150C and 9hrs,at field 2008-09, at 250C and 6hrs, at 200C and 9hrs, at 200C and 6hrs, at field 2007-08 and at 150C and 6hrs, respectively. On B.carinata, rm was recorded higher 0.1651 at 150C and 9hrs followed by 0.1590 at 200C and 9hrs, 0.1451 at field 2008-09, 0.1417 at 250Cand 6hrs, 0.1412 at 200C and 6hrs, 0.1402 at 250C and 9hrs, 0.1311 at field 2007-08 and lowest 0.1068 at 150C and 6hrs. On B. napus,the highest rm was 0.1644 at 200C and 9hrs followed by 0.1581 at field 2008-09, 0.1569 at 200C and 6hrs, 0.1529 at field 2007-08,0.1448 at 250C and 6hrs, 0.1425 at 150C and 9hrs, 0.1343 at 250C and 9hrs and lowest 0.1222 at 150C and 6hrs. It was maximum 0.1389at 250C and 6hrs followed by 0.1358, 0.1321, 0.1258, 0.1205, 0.1114, 0.1069 and 0.0469 at 250C and 9hrs, at field 2007-08, at 200C and9hrs, at field 2008-09, at 200C and 6hrs, at 150C and 9hrs and at 150C and 6hrs, respectively on E. sativa. On B. nigra, it was recordedas highest was 0.1496 at 200C and 6hrs followed by 0.1411 at field 2008-09, 0.1383 at 200C and 9hrs, 0.1379 at field 2007-08, 0.13465at 250C and 6hrs, 0.1327 at 250C and 9hrs, 0.1275 at 250C and 9hrs and lowest 0.0873 at 150C and 6hrs. The ‘rm’ for L. erysimi on B.juncea was the highest followed by B. alba, B. campestris, B. carinata, B. napus, B. nigra and lowest on E. sativa. Based on intrinsic rateof increase ‘rm’ it can be concluded that B. juncea was the most suitable oleiferous Brassica for L. erysimi while development on E.sativa least suitable.

SCP 14

CHIROPTERAN FAUNA OF EASTERN UTTAR PRADESHVirendra Mathur, Irulan. A, Yuvana Satya Priya*, V. ElangovanResidential Coaching Academy, Baba Saheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A central University), Rae bareli Road, VidyaVihar, Lucknow – 226 025.E-mail: yuvana76@yahoo.com,

The study was conducted on diversity and distribution of the chiropteran fauna of eastern Uttar Pradesh. Visual observationswere carried out at old abandoned buildings, caves, crevices, historical monument and tree holes. Bats were trapped using mistnets and hoop nets. Morphological measurements such as body mass, forearm length, body length and wingspan were taken. Atotal of 13 species of bats were observed from the study area, which include four species of Megachiroptera namely Rousettusleschenaulti, Eonycteris spelea, Cynopterus sphinx Pteropus giganteus and nine species of Microchiroptera namely Megaderma lyra,Hipposideros fulvus, Rhinopoma microphyllum, R. hardwickii, Pipistrellus coromandra, P. tenuis, P. ceylonicus, Scotophillus heathii, S. kuhlii.

SCP 15

EFFECT OF SEED TREATMENT ON GERMINATION AND VIGOUR IN CHICKPEAMohd. Shahid, Anuradha Singh, Vipul Kumar, Mukesh Srivastava, * C.P. Sachan & S.K. BiswasDepartment of Plant Pathology *Seed Science & Technology, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur, UP,E-mail: mukeshcsau@rediffmail.com,shahid.biotech@rediffmail.com

Present investigation was undertaken in order to know the impact of pre sowing seed treatment on germination, seedlingestablishment, seedling dry weight and vigour in chickpea genotype (Udai). The different pre sowing seed treatments showeddifferent responses against all seven seed quality attributes. Seed treatment with T. viride + vitavax -T5 followed by treatment withVitavax @ 2gm/kg seed-T2 seed were found superior for laboratory germination (99.00% and 97.66), root length (1.90 and 1.33 cm)shoot length (7.12 and 6.02) seedling length (9.02 and 7.35cm), dry weight (1.72 and 1.60mg), vigour index I (892.98 and 717.8) andvigour index II (170.94 and 1565.25), respectively. Among all the treatments control exhibited the poorest performance for allseven seed quality attributes.

Sustainable Crop Production

39

SCP 16

ECONOMIC VALUE OF MEDICINAL PLANTS IN INDO-GANGETIC PLAIN AREAS OFKANPUR: AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT*Alpana Tewari and Archana Srivastava Dayanand Girls P.G.College, Civil Lines, KanpurEmail: *alpanatewari@gmail.com

Traditional folklore studies have gained a considerable momentum in past years lately, all over the globe including India. Indo-Gangetic plain areas of Uttar Pradesh are known to be gifted with the best quality and quantity of wood as well as good forestcover with rich floristic and medicinal floral composition. Kanpur is one of the oldest of continuously inhabited cities of theworld, and one of the most important growing industrial sites. Despite of this importance, very little information exits on thecities flora in general, and medicinal species found within its limit in particular. Traditional medicine plays a large role in Indiansociety. The presented study attempts to investigate, if traditional plants’ use and availability of important common medicinalplants are maintained in urban environments or not. The paper presents information on the economic values and traditionaluses of 78 plant species found in the near by areas of Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, and highlights the uses of these plants by the localinhabitants and their economic values. The scientific and vernacular names of plants, their ecological distribution, and thepopular uses of the plant, their economic values are presented in this abstract. The majority of medicinal plants grow in the wild(61%), while others are cultivated (37%) and some (1.9%) are domesticated. Some of these plants are more abundant in the urbanarea where they grow in forested areas. Among the 78 species inventoried, 13(12.7%) medicinal plants are widely commercializedin the region and exploited outside of the province. The data collected from 10 wholesalers and local people. This surveydemonstrates that the medicinal plant sector in the province is a promising economic resource for developing this region, but itneeds planned exploitation, and that the tribes should continue to master the folk-medicine.

SCP 17

ASSESSMENT OF COWPEA BASED INTERCROPPING SYSTEMSD.C. Hanumanthappa, Nagaraja, M., Padmanabha, K., Veera Kumar G.N., Pramila, C.K. and Pavithravani, B.V.Department of Agronomy and AICRP on Pigeonpea, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore-65

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), a legume of African origin is useful as a rotational cover crop to help meet a cash crop’s nitrogenneeds, to control erosion and to improve soil properties. Its drought tolerance makes it valuable in rainfed agriculture or inunirrigated fallow fields. Cowpea can also be used for the production of high quality hay or silage, when mixed with crops suchas corn or sorghum, or it can be used for rotational grazing. In soils low in phosphorus, the roots of cowpea develop effectiveMycorrhizal associations, improving the soil’s available P content. A field experiment was carried out during Kharif 2010 at ZonalAgricultural Research Station, G.K.V.K, Bangalore to know the effect of intercrops on performance of the cowpea. In this studydifferent crops like fingermillet and castor were intercropped with the cowpea at 6:1, 5:1 and 4:1 row proportion. Among thetreatments there was no significant reduction in the yield of cowpea when it was intercropped with either fingermillet or castorfrom 4:1 to 6:1 row proportions, where as significantly higher cowpea equivalent yield (1901 kg/ha) and B:C (4.30) ratio washigher when castor was intercropped with cowpea in 5:1 row proportion.

SCP 18

PERFORMANCE OF HORSEGRAM IN INTERCROPPING SYSTEMSD.C.Hanumanthappa, Nagaraja, M., Padmanabha, K., Veera Kumar G.N and Pavithravani, B.V.Department of Agronomy and AICRP on Pigeonpea, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore-65

Horse Gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) is one of the lesser known beans. The whole seeds of horse gram are generally utilized ascattle feed. However, it is consumed as a whole seed, as sprouts, or as whole meal by a large population in rural areas of southernIndia. It is mostly used in South Indian states. Its drought tolerance makes it valuable in rainfed agriculture or in unirrigatedfallow fields. Horse gram can also be used for the production of high quality hay or silage, when mixed with crops such as cornor sorghum, or it can be used for rotational grazing. A field experiment was carried out during Kharif 2010 at Zonal AgriculturalResearch Station, G.K.V.K, Bangalore to assess the intercrops effect on performance of the horse gram. In this study differentcrops like fingermillet and castor were intercropped with the horse gram at 6:1, 5:1 and 4:1 row proportion. Among thetreatments there was no significant reduction in the yield of horse gram when it was intercropped with either fingermillet or

Abstracts

40

castor from 4:1 to 6:1 row proportions, where as significantly higher horse gram equivalent yield and B : C ratio was higher whencastor was intercropped with horse gram in 5:1 row proportion.

SCP 19

EFFECT OF PACLOBUTRAZOL ON YIELD CONTRIBUTING CHARACTERS OF RICEP.K. SinghPost Graduate Department of Botany, Kisan P.G. College, Bahraich, U.P.E.mail-singh.prabhat961@gmail.com

Effect of different level of Paclobutrazole viz 0 ppm (T0)- control, 25 ppm (T1), 50 ppm (T2), 75 ppm (T3) and 100 ppm (T4) appliedat different stages of crop growth on yield and yield contributing characters were studied with respect to two varieties of Rice i.e. high yield variety “ Sabha” and “Saket-4”. Seed Soaking treatment with Paclobutrazol at maximum concentration of about 100ppm showed significant effect on yield and various yield contributing characters like number of panicles per plant, number ofgrain per panicle, length of panicle, 1000 grain weight, grain yield per plant, straw yield per plant.

SCP 20

ISOLATION AND SELECTION OF NITROGEN FIXING BACTERIA FORFORMULATION OF FOLIAR BIOFERTILIZERShyam Bihari Gupta, Sasmita Dehury, Tapas Chowdhury, C.J. Nithi and RenuIndira Gandhi Agricultural University Department of Agril. Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Agricultural University,Raipur-492006 (C.G.) IndiaE-mail: sbgupta_igau2002@yahoo.co.in

Nitrogen although abundant and composes nearly 80 percent of the atmosphere, yet nitrogen is one of the major constraints thatlimit the growth and productivity of plant in many ecosystems. This is a result of the inability of plant without symbiotic andnon-symbiotic nitrogen fixing microbes to directly utilize atmospheric nitrogen to meet their biological requirement for thiselement. In this connection, an investigation was planned with non-symbiotic free living microbes in order to develop foliarbiofertilizers especially to enhance the usage efficiency of biologically fixed amount of nitrogen (BFAN) for different crops.Major portion of BFAN by Azospirillum and Azotobacter in soil is wasted due to physico-chemical and biological factors resultingin very low use efficiency of the fixed atmospheric nitrogen by the main crop. In this connection, from 255 leaf samples ofdifferent plants including natural forest plants, 175 Azospirillum and 80 Azotobacter isolates were isolated. These isolates weretested for their abilities to fix atmospheric nitrogen and to produce plant growth promoting substances such as indole aceticacid(IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA) to select effective bacterial isolates. During the study, found BFAN by the Azotobacterisolates ranged from 0.045 to 7.840 mg/ litre Jensen’s Nf broth. While, Azospirillum isolates gave BFAN ranged from 0.025 to17.360 mg/ litre Okon’s Nf broth. Apart from atmospheric nitrogen fixation, it was also recorded that produced amount of IAAby the Azospirillum isolates ranged from 151.6 to179.6 µg/ litre Czapek’s broth medium while, produced GA ranged from 9.6 to151.2 µg/ litre of the medium. Similarly, produced amount of IAA by Azotobacter isolates ranged from 108.0 to 186.8 µg/ litre ofthe medium and GA ranged from 59.6 to 147.6 µg / litre of the medium. Information generated in this investigation is certainlyhelpful in order to formulate effective foliar biofertilizers.

SCP 21

ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC VARIABILITY, DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS INMUTANT LINES OF MUNGBEAN (VIGNA RADIATA L. WILCZEK)Shantanu Tiwari, G. Roopa Lavanya, P. Ashok Reddy* and Pronob Jyoti PaulDepartment of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Allahabad School of Agriculture ,Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture,Technology and Sciences, Allahabad-211007, Uttar Pradesh, India*Email: pinintiashok@gmail.com

An experiment was conducted to study genetic variability, correlation coefficients, direct and indirect effects in 47 mutant linesof mungbean during kharif, 2010. High magnitude of GCV and PCV were recorded for number of clusters per plant, number ofbranches plant and number of pods per plant, whereas low estimates were observed for days to maturity. High heritability was

Sustainable Crop Production

41

recorded for plant height and days to maturity. The high genetic advance coupled with moderate heritability was observed fornumber of clusters per plant. The grain yield per plant showed significant positive association with number of pods per cluster,number of pods per plant, plant height and number of clusters per plant. Days to maturity, number of seeds per pod, 100 seedweight and number of pods per plant recorded positive direct effect on grain yield, suggesting the use of these above mentionedcharacters as selection indices for yield improvement in mungbean.

SCP 22

BIOFERTILIZERS: KERATIN WASTE AS SLOW NITROGEN RELEASINGBIOFERTILLIZERPooja Mishra, *Akash Modanwal, Sachin Mishra and Sumit Singh VermaSaaii College of Medical Science and Technology, Chaubepur, Kanpur*Email id: akash.modanwal23@gmail.com

Biologically active products or microbial inoculants of bacteria, algae and fungi either separately or in combination, which mayenhance the availability of nutrients for the benefit of plants are called biofertilizers. These are made by the involvement ofliving microorganisms such as Nitrogen fixing bacteria, Rhizobium, blue green algae, Azospirillum, Pseudomonas Azotobacter,Phosphate solubilizing bacteria and VAM fungi etc. Bio-fertilizers improve root proliferation due to the release of growthpromoting hormones. They help in increasing the crop yield by 10-25%. Requirement of production of these fertilizers is verycheap and low.Keratin is protein found in hair, nail, horns, feathers etc. According to the recent researches some of the keratinwaste degrading fungi are also proved to be a very cheap and useful biofertillizer, the biofertilizers are found to be very rich innutrients and heavy nitrogen content. These are environment friendly. These fungi convert complex organic material (keratinmaterial) into simple compounds, so that the plant can easily take up the nutrients. For the production of these fertilizers thewaste keratin is used and substrate. This waste is inoculated with the specific fungi capable of degrading the keratin and resultingin the slow release of the nitrogen content from the keratin waste in the soil. In processing this type of fertilizer there are threemajor advantages as (i) Cheap raw material, (ii) Keratin waste utilization, (iii) Slow Nitrogen release in soil which is easy touptake by plant.

SCP 23

PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAIT ASSOCIATED WITH SEED YIELD IN EARLY PIGEONPEAA. Bhattacharya and VijaylaxmiIndian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur – 208 024Email: dra_bhattacharya@yahoo.com

Early pigeonpea plays an important role not only in the rice-wheat cropping system but also for soil health as well as fornutritional security of major part of the population of this country. In spite its over all importance, the yield structure of earlypigeonpea is not well known and/or documented. Thus field trials, involving 20 early maturing genotypes, were conducted atthe Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur during kharif seasons of 2006-2009 to have an insight of the yield structurein relation to physiological traits during crop ontogeny. The genotypes were seeded on ridges following agronomicalrecommendation and plant protection measures were adopted as and when needed. For easy interpretation of the data, thegenotypes were grouped in three groups depending on the yielding ability of the genotypes and the groups were <1000 kg/ha,1000-1500 kg/ha, and >1500 kg/ha. It was observed that higher yielding genotypes (<1500 kg/ha) also had higher leaf area at allcrop growth stages as compared to lesser yielding genotypes (>1000 kg/ha). At flowering stage, plants of higher yielding (>1500kg/ha) genotypes were more open as compared to lesser yielding (<1000 kg/ha) genotypes, in terms of leaf and branch angles.The leaf and branch angles were around 600 as compared to 400 for higher and lesser yielding genotypes, respectively. As far asbiochemical traits, leaf soluble sugar content (ì moles/g dry weight) were initially lower at flowering in higher yielding ascompared to lower yielding genotypes. But the trend is reversed during subsequent crop growth stages and finally at maturityhigher yielding genotypes had higher leaf soluble sugar as compared to lower yielding genotypes. Leaf total amino acid content(ì moles/g dry weight) was initially lower at flowering in lower yielding as compared to higher yielding genotypes. But thetrend is reversed during subsequent crop growth stages and finally at maturity higher yielding genotypes at lower leaf aminoacid as compared to lower yielding genotypes. In higher yielding genotypes, leaf sugar and amino acid ratio was initially lowerat flowering and it increased at subsequent growth stages and reverse was true for lower yielding genotypes from flowering tomaturity. Thus this study indicated that these morpho-physiological and biochemical traits can be exploited by plant breedersto have a better yielding early maturing pigeonpea genotypes.

Abstracts

42

SCP 24

ACTION OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE SEED GERMINATION ANDEARLY SEEDLING OF VICIA FABASwapanil Yadav, Nikita Talwar, Hamda Siddiqui and Anwar MasoodBioarc-Society of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Gandhi Faiz-E-Aam College, Shahjahanpur (U.P.) 242001Email: bioarcsociety@gmail.com

The effects of Chloroflurenol, Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) and Gibberellic acid (GA) on germination and early seedling of Vicia fabawas studied. The different concentrations of growth regulators (5, 10, 50, 100, 500 ppm) were used in these investigations.Chloroflurenol and IAA decreased the percent germination while GA increased. Chloroflurenol and IAA decreased the rootlength and shoot length at different concentrations. While GA promote these parameters but showing maximum at 50 ppm.treatment.

SCP 25

GROWTH AND YIELD OF PEARLMILLET AND MUNGBEAN IN INTERCROPPINGYogendra Kumar Ghilotia1, R. N. Meena1 And Laxman Prasad Balai2

1Department of Agronomy, 2Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras HinduUniversity, Varanasi, U. P 221005Email: yogendraghilotia@rediffmail.com

Pearlmillet [ Pennisetum glaucum (L.) ] is a widely grown rainfed cereal crop in the arid and semiarid regions of Africa andsouthern Asia. In other continents it is grown under intensive cultivation as a forage crop. The food value of pearlmillet is high.Among the major crops compatible with Pearlmillet as intercrops, Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is one of them.Mungbean is an excellent source of high quality protein. Mungbean is an important grain legume of the country having wideradaptability throughout the year and is grown during kharif and zaid in north India and in rabi season in south India. Themaximum plant height pearlmillet and mungbean crops were observed under (T5) Pearlmillet: mungbean 2:2 intercropping. Themaximum plant leaves pearlmillet crop and mungbean of trifoliate leaves were observed under (T5) Pearlmillet: mungbean 2:2intercropping. The maximum number of plant tillers was observed under (T3) pearlmillet: mungbean 2:2 intercropping inpearlmillet where as branches plant-1 mungbean was observed under (T5) pearlmillet: mungbean 2:2 intercropping. The maximumnumber of nodules plant-1 mungbean was observed under (T5) 2:2 intercropping. The maximum dry matter accumulation plant-

1 was observed under (T3) pearlmillet and mungbean was under (T5) pearlmillet: mungbean 2:2 intercropping. The maximumdiameter, length and weight of ear were observed under (T5) pearlmillet: mungbean (2:2) intercropping. The maximum podlength, number of pod and number of grain pod-1 were observed under (T5) pearlmillet: mungbean (2:2), respectively inintercropping. The maximum grain yield recorded under (T1) pearlmillet sole and under (T2) mungbean sole were significantlyhigher over rest of the treatments. The maximum straw yield recorded under pearlmillet sole (T1) and under (T2) mungbean solewere significantly superior over rest of the treatments. The maximum biological yield recorded under (T1) pearlmillet sole andunder (T2) mungbean sole were significantly superior over rest of the treatments. The highest value of harvest index wasrecorded under (T5) pearlmillet and under (T4) mungbean sole were pearlmillet: mungbean (2:2) in intercropping. The maximumtest weight was observed under (T5) pearlmillet: mungbean (2:2) in intercropping.

SCP 26

PRIORITIZATION AND OPPORTUNITIES OF CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM L.)UNDER RAINFED RICE FELLOW LANDS IN JHARKHANDYogesh Kumar1, S. Pande2, C.S. Mahto1, P.K. Singh3, Akhilesh Kumar4, Raju Ghosh2, Madan Mohan Singh1, VidyapatiVidyakar4, Pradeep Kumar1, Abhay Kumar1 and Puspa Kumari1

1Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, BAU, Ranchi-6, Jharkhand; 2ICRISAT, Patancheru-502324, A.P. (India);3Department of Entomology, BAU, Ranchi, Jharkhand; 4ZRS Chianki, Palamau (Jharkhand). Mailing address:1Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, BAU, Ranchi-6, Jharkhand (India).E-mail: dryogeshtiwari70@gmail.com, yogiabha2002@yahoo.com

Jharkhand is a predominant tribal state created in 15 November 2000 after carving 79.9 lakh ha geographical area from Bihar and

Sustainable Crop Production

43

it comes under sub-tropical region in eastern India between 22o N and 25.5o N latitude. The total population of the state is ~ 25million and majority of the people are small and landless farmers living in rural areas. The state produces a little less than halfof its food grains requirement. The per capita food grain including pulses (13-14g) availability has been 230g against 523g of all-India average and against 480g of minimum requirement. Rainfed rice is the main crop covering with 67.3% (1.48 million ha)area in Jharkhand. The state is backwardness in agriculture having mono-cropping pattern of cultivation, low consumption offertilizers, inadequate irrigation facilities, small land holdings, low utilization of technology etc. Thus, to bring aboutdiversification in agricultural productivity in the State, promotion of efficient use of resources and technology, evolving newlocation specific and improved varieties of farm crops deserve future attention. The state has a good rainfall, but the availabilityof surface water to agriculture is not sufficient due to inadequate storage facilities. Jharkhand posted 40% growth in the foodgrain production during the last five-year (2007-11) over the previous five-year (2002-06), growing from 2.28 million tones in2002-06 to 3.20 million tones during 2007-11 period. The state comes under agro-climatic zone 7 in the country. Due to diverseclimate, soil and physiographic feature, it is divided into 3 sub agro-climatic zones i.e. sub-zone IV, V and VI. The averagerainfall of the state in the year 2008 is 1180 mm with 53 numbers of rainy days during 2010. Maximum rainfall of 82% receivedbetween June to Sept and only 18% in winter and post monsoon. Jharkhand being an important for chickpea accounts for 1.07%of the total chickpea area of the country and contributes 0.58% to national production (2008-09), while the total pulses accountsfor 1.75% of the country and contributes 1.93% to national production (2008-09). Pulses are being the second largest crop after riceand occupy 18.3% of total cropped area in the state. Improved Chickpea Production Technology (ICPT) trials were conducted inthe project 22 villages of Jharkhand and provided seeds of improved cultivars, seed treatment with fungicides and Rhizobium,fertilizer application and line sowing methods technology to the farmers. In total of 726 farmers were selected from 22 villagesof Ranchi and Palamau districts and supplied 51.8q chickpea seed to covered 84.5 ha area for conducting 871 demonstrationsduring Rabi, 2010-11. About 67.2% demonstrations were found success and remaining failed due to moisture stress. Aftercompilation of yield data, the highest pooled average yield of chickpea was found 7.57q/ha while maximum average yieldreceived of 10.58q/ha. The variety KPG 59 was recorded highest yield (7.68q/ha) followed by KAK2 (7.61 q/ha) and DCP 92-3(6.96 q/ha). Similarly, maximum pooled yield were received in KPG59 (10.64 q/ha) as compared to KAK 2 (10.62 q/ha) andDCP92-3 (9.98 q/ha). Constraints of pulses production have been identified and there appears to have ample scope for increasingproduction by expansion of area under rice fallow (1.48 m ha), substitution and pulses are less remunerative crops, encouragingintercropping with long duration crops and extension of pulses to non-traditional areas. Productivity can be increased by geneticupgradation, agronomic manipulation and improved management, minimizing losses due to insect/pest and disease by adoptionof IPM/INM/ICM and production of quality seeds for farmers in Jharkhand.

SCP 27

EFFECT OF GROWTH REGULATORS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OFMUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA L.)Kuldeep1, Arun Kumar1 and Kapil Kumar1

Department of Plant Physiology, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur-208 002 (U.P.)India

The above trial was accomplished with ten different growth regulators treatment. The observation on plant growth wererecorded at 50, 75, 100 and at harvest stage and aimed to enhance the yield of mustard.Considering at 50 DAS, Gibberellic acid 40ppm produced tallest plant closely followed by GA3 @ 60 ppm in comparison to control IAA 40 & 60 ppm and kinetin 15 ppmfailed to influenced significantly. GA3 40 ppm showed maximum relative growth rate (RGR) value (0.018) while lowest inkinetin 5 ppm (RGR) (0.011). As far as biological yield/plant, is concern IAA 20 ppm obtained maximum dry matter againstcontrol. These two treatments i.e. kinetin 10 and 15 ppm failed to accumulate significantly more biological yield than control.Individually Kinetin 10 ppm had maximum chlorophyll content than control plant had lowest chlorophyll content values.Similarly at 75 DAS all doses of Kinetin enhanced chlorophyll content upto maximum in comparison with control. Maximumseed yield (4.400 g) of mustard plant was obtained through the spraying of GA3 60 ppm in comparison with control plant (3.830g). GA3 40 ppm was statistically at par with IAA 60 ppm and GA3 60 ppm. GA3 60 ppm appreciated seed yield with 14.9 per centincrease over control. Considering oil content in mustard seeds, kinetin 10 ppm possesses maximum oil content (33.5%) incomparison with control. However, GA3 60 ppm, IAA 20 & IAA 60 ppm were at par with kinetin 10 ppm. It may thus, beconcluded that there were exist the possibilities of increasing seed yield and oil content of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) throughbringing about improvement in vegetative and productive growth by spraying of gibberellic acid at 60 ppm and the second besttreatment was observed at IAA 40 ppm observed.

Abstracts

44

SCP 28

AN EMERGING SCENARIO OF LONG TERM CHANGES IN BALANCED DIETARYPATTERN AND FOOD REQUIREMENT IN UTTAR PRADESHAnil Kumar1 , B.S. Sachan2 , Jitendra Kumar 3 and M. M. Rajput4

Seed & Farm, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture And Technology, Kanpur5, Deptt. of Agril. Economics, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur6, Deptt. of Agril. Extension, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, KanpurEconomic B.N.V. College Rath Hamirpur (U.P.)

In this paper an attempt has been made to analyse the National Sample Survey (NSS) data is respect of Uttar Pradesh and toquantify the Nutritional food Problem in the state. The NSS report of the National Sample Survey Organizations, Governmentof India. The calorie and Protein content of food items consumed per consumer unit is the main source of information for thispaper. It gives per capita food consumption levels for 2009 and 2010, disaggregated by Rural and Urban areas exhibited a morediversified food basket with significantly higher levels of per capita consumption of edible oils, milk, fruits and meat, fish andeggs increasing urbanization and widening rural-urban disparity has reduced the consumption per head for cereals and pulses.The consumption of cereals per head declined while consumption for fruits and vegetables, milk and eggs increased significantly.This shift has taken place among both rural and urban consumers. The trend in rising consumption of high value commoditieshas generated higher growth in demand for edible oils, Horticulture and livestock commodities. A structural shift balancing thefood production and demand.Future increase in the production of food has to be essentially achieved through increase ifproductivity, as possibilities of area expansion are minimal. Thus, to meet the growing domestic needs, the average yield at thestate level is required to be improved by 66% for 48% and 77% for coarse cereals and 101% pulses over the next two decade.Structural changes in consumption pattern, growth in the economy as well as sizeable additions to population have increased todemand for livestock products in Uttar Pradesh in the year 2010 the domestic demand for milk at 5% G.D.P will be 16 MT in 2001was only 162 thousand tones while domestic demand in 2001 is estimated to be 281 thousand tones while would rise to 349thousand tones in 2010. Meat and Milk are among the most important commodities of the consumption basket as income levelincreases due to high expenditive elasitcities. The consumption of edible oils has increased from 3.8 kg/capita/year in 2009 to 6.2kg/capita/year in 2010 in rural areas and from 5.4 kg/capita/year in 2009 to 7.4 kg/capita/year in the urban areas of UttarPradesh. The shift is quite, significant even in rural areas and reflects high growth in demand for edible oils soils seeds. Demandfor edible oils for 0.89 MT in 2010 is projected to grow to about 1-72 MT in 2021 to match the demand of edible oils, Uttar Pradeshfarmers may have to increase production of oilseeds from 2.8 MT in 2010 to 9 level of 5 MT by the year 2021. The significantincrease in production of cereals, the state has started paying much attention to the Horticultural crops. This has increased theavailability of Horticultural products and its consumption in both rural and urban households. The annual per capita consumptionof vegetables has increased from a level of 56 kg in 2009 to 81 kg in 2010 in Rural and from 54 kg in 2009 to 88 kg in 2010 in urbanarea. More than three fold increases in consumption of fruits were observed from a level of 2.3 kg in 2009 to 10.2 kg in 2010among the rural consumer and from a level of 3.6 kg in 2009 to 14.9 kg in 2010 in urban areas.

SCP 29

RESPONSE OF BIO FERTILIZER ON YIELD OF GREEN POD OF VEGETABLE PEA INBUNDELKHANDD.P. Singh, H.G. Prakash and Ekhlaq HaiderC.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur -208002Email: dp_singhcsa@yahoo.co.in, ikhlaq786@indiatimes.com

The field experiment was conducted during winter season of 2009-10 and 2010- 2011 in Jalaun district of Bundelkhand. The site ofthe operational area for green pod of vegetable pea on farmer’s field were selected in two villages i.e. Launa and Marori. Theoperational area of vegetable pea green pod production of Jalaun typically represents soil, climate and socio-economic conditionof Bundelkhand region. The moisture availability period for the crop growth in the pilot area was 122 days. The soil ofexperimental site developed over alluvium and occurs ravines affected. The ravines affected area of Jalaun district belongs toclass II and III under the land capability classes and was suitable for cultivation of vegetable pea. Soils of the village having pH8.0, organic carbon 0.21%, available phosphorus 9.5 kg/ha and available potash 255 kg/ha. Cultivar Azad Pea - 3 vegetable peawas sown in mid of November during two years in ravine affected area of Jalaun. The recommended package of practices forvegetable pea green pod production was followed in both the villages. The green pods of vegetable pea harvested after 70 daysof sowing.

Sustainable Crop Production

45

The application of rhizobium culture as seed inoculation gave highest yield of green pods of vegetable pea by 113.00 q/ha, whileun inoculated use of seed produced 91.00 q/ha green pods, thus, the use of rhizobium culture enhanced green pod yield by 22 q/ha or 24% on Kawar soils.

SCP 30

EFFECT OF FERTILITY LEVELS AND BIOFERTILIZERS ON GROWTH, YIELD ANDQUALITY OF CLUSTERBEAN [CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA (L.) TAUB]Animesh Singh7 , N. L. Jat2, N. K. Singh1, A. K. Singh1, P. K. Singh1, Prakash Singh1* and P. K. Singh3

1Research Scholar, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, 2Department of Agronomy. S. K. N. College ofAgriculture, Jobner, SKRAU, Bikaner, 3Division of Plant Pathology, IARI, New Delhi.*Email: prakash201288@rediffmail.com

An experiment was conducted during kharif 2008 at Agronomy farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner. The experimentcomprised of 10 nutrient management treatments; viz. control, Rhizobium, PSB, 50% RDF, 75% RDF, 100% RDF, 50% RDF +Rhizobium, 50% RDF + PSB, 75% RDF + Rhizobium and 75% RDF + PSB was laid out in randomized block design with 3 replications.The variety RGC-936 was taken as test crop.

The results revealed that application of 75% recommended dose of fertilizer with biofertilizer (Rhizobium /PSB) significantlyincreased the plant height, branches per plant, dry matter accumulation, number of nodules per plant, dry weight of nodules,chlorophyll content, pods per plant and seeds per pod. Application of chemical fertilizers (75% RDF) with biofertilizer (Rhizobium/PSB) being at par with 100% RDF alone (20 kg N + 40 kg P2O5/ ha) significantly increased the seed, straw and gum yield overrest of the treatments.

Application of fertility levels and biofertilizers had significant effect on protein and gum content in seed and total nitrogen andphosphorus uptake. The maximum value of these parameters was obtained with application of 75% recommended dose offertilizer + Rhizobium.

Further, application of 75% RDF + Rhizobium and 75% RDF + PSB proved the best treatment combination and recorded significantlyhigher net returns and B:C ratio over rest of the treatments.

SCP 31

CROP DIVERSIFICATION: A PROMISING SYSTEM FOR SUSTAINABLEAGRICULTUREJ. M. Sutaliya1, Parvati Deewan2, Rajhans Verma3 and Vijay Singh Meena3

1Deptt. of Agronomy, Instt. of Agril. Sciences, B.H.U., Varanasi (U.P.), 2Deptt. of Agronomy, College of Agriculture,M.P.U.A.T, Udaipur (Raj.), 3Deptt. of Soil Sci. and Agril. Chemistry, Instt. of Agril. Sciences, B.H.U., Varanasi (U.P.)Email: jsutaliya@gmail.com

Crop intensification and crop diversification are the budge words in agricultural scenario at the national and international level.During the period of green revolution when there was a need of enhancing total food grain production, emphasis was given onincreasing the cropping intensity and crop productivity but in long term, this approach digressed from the principles of cropproduction where the basics of crop rotation and crop sequences play an important role. Many Agriculturist findings by researchand suggest that crops or enterprises get diversified in one or other way, even without any scientific recommendations. Agricultureand crop diversification is now almost a normal feature of stable agriculture and progressive farm management in most of theextensive agricultural parts of the world. Therefore, in changing agricultural scenario, crop diversification is one of the waystowards meeting challenges of food, environmental and economic security of nation and achieving the sustainable agriculturaldevelopment. Crop diversification is not only a shift from traditional and less remunerative crop to more remunerative crop butit is a demand driven, need based situation specific and national goal seeking continuous and dynamic concept and involvesspatial, temporal, value addition and resource complementary approaches. However, crop substitution and addition of morecrops in existing cropping system has been the major approach of diversification in India. The nature of crop diversification ishas been mainly from low value coarse cereals to high value oilseeds and other food grains. Crop diversification or crop shift isa new paradigm of sustainable agriculture.

Abstracts

46

SCP 32

EFFECT OF INM ON QUANTITATIVE AND SEED QUALITY PARAMETERS IN CHILLI(CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.)C. P. Sachan, Vikash Kumar, Ashok Chaudhary and Sanjeev K. SinghC. S. A. U. A. & T., Kanpur

An experiment was conducted to assess the “Effect of INM on Quantitative and Seed Quality Parameters in Chilli (Capsicumannuum L.)” during 2010-11 at Department of Vegetable Science, Kalyanpur and Department of Seed Science & Technology,C.S.A.U.A. & T., Kanpur for field and laboratory experiments respectively. The field experiment comprised of 14 treatmentcombinations viz : (T1- Control/RDF @ 100:50:50 kg/ha, T2- RDF + FYM @ 25 t/ha, T3- RDF + vermicompost @ 5 t/ha, T4- RDF +vermicular arbuscular mycorrhiza @ 2 kg/ha, T5- RDF + azospirillum @ 50 g/ha, T6- RDF + NAA @ 40 ppm & T7- RDF + ethereal@ 250 ppm) involving two varieties, Azad mirch-1 & Chanchal was laid out in R.B.D. with three replications.The experimentaldata were collected in three aspects viz., growth parameters (plant height(Cm), no. of branches/plant, days to 50% flowering)yield & yield contributing parameters (no. of fruits/plant, fruit length (cm), fruit diameter (cm), no. of seeds/fruit, seed wt. &pericarp wt. (g), fruit yield (g/plant), seed yield (g/plot), fruit yield (kg/ha), seed yield (kg/ha) and seed quality parameters(seed germination %, root length (cm), shoot length (cm), seedling vigour index, seedling dry wt (mg). Among differenttreatments, T2 treatment was found to be superior in most of the growth parameters, yield parameters along with quality seedparameters followed by T3 treatment. Similarly, Azad mirch-1 excelled in most of the yield contributing traits over chanchal inmost of the growth, yield and quality parameters. A distinct impact of organics, growth regulators & biofertilizers was recordedfor most of the growth, yield & seed quality parameters.

SCP 33

EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON SEED YIELD AND QUALITYSEED PARAMETERS OF PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.)Ashok chaudhary, R.A. Katiyar, C.P.Sachan and Poonam SinghC.S.A.U.A.&T., Kanpur

An experiment was carried out to assess the “Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Seed Yield and Quality Seed Parametersof Pea (Pisum sativum L.)” during 2010-11 at Deptt. of Vegetable Science, Kalyanpur & Deptt. of Seed Science and Technology,C.S.A.U.A.&T., Kanpur. The field experiment consisted of nine treatments including control viz., T1 (Control-full dose of NPK @40:60:40 kg/ha), T2 (FYM @ 20 tonnes/ha), T3 (FYM @ 10 tonnes/ha + ½ dose NPK kg/ha), T4 (Neem cake @ 5 q/ha), T5 (Neem cake@ 2.5 q/ha + ½ dose of NPK kg/ha), T6 (Poultry manure @ 5 tonnes/ha), T7 (Poultry manure @ 2.5 tonnes/ha + ½ dose of NPK kg/ha), T8 (Vermicompost @ 5 tonnes/ha) and T9 (Vermicompost @ 2.5 tonnes/ha + ½ dose of NPK kg/ha), was laid out in RBD withthree replications and one cultivar (Azad Pea-3). The field observations on Counted germination/m2 area, Days to 50% flowering,Green pod test wt (g), Plant height (cm), Seed yield (kg/plot & q/ha), Field emergence (%) and laboratory observations on Testweight of seed (g), Volume of seed (cubic mm), Germination percentage (first count at 5th day), Germination percentage (finalcount at 8th day), Shoot length (cm), Root length (cm), Total seedling length (cm), Seedling dry weight (g), Seedling vigour index-I, Seedling vigour index-II & Hiltner/Brick gravel test (%), were recorded. Among different treatments, T9 treatment, scored2.60% more seed yield by contributing 22.52 q/ha, which was significantly superior over rest of the treatments along withcontrol. Similarly among different quality seed parameters T9 treatment also contributed significantly superior performance, forall field and laboratory parameters, it was followed by T1 & T7 treatments.

SCP 34

EFFECT OF VARIOUS IRRIGATION METHODS ON “MERIGOLD” CROPM.A. Hussain, S. Kausar* and M.GufranFaculty of Technology, C.S.A. University of Agri. & Tech., KANPUR*Indian Institute of Pulses Research, KANPURE-mail: mohammadahmadh@yahoo.co.in

There are number of irrigation methods in which most commonly used are surface and pressure irrigation among them.Particularly in surface irrigation methods, water is applied to the fields by gravity flow i.e. Free Flooded irrigation, Basin

Sustainable Crop Production

47

Irrigation, Furrow Irrigation, and Border Irrigation. In pressure irrigation methods i.e. sprinkler and drip irrigation, water isconveyed from its source under high pressure through a high pressure conduit pipe system which includes main line, sub mainand lateral lines to the fields where it drips slowly on to soil through emitters or dripper which are located close to the plant.Therefore, only the immediate root zone of the plant is wetted in drip Irrigation. Present study was carried out to observeresponse of marigold crop to different irrigation methods. Irrigation and water storage efficiency was observed maximum indrip irrigation as comparison to surface irrigation methods like border check basin and sprinkler method of irrigation. Watersaving and water used efficiency was observed maximum in drip irrigation method. Water saving efficiency in drip irrigationmethod is up to 60% and also saving in cost of labour and pumping. Similarly, Merigold flowering i.e. quality of flower,numbers of buds, height and thickness of plant and biomass of plant also was best in drip irrigation method in comparison toother irrigation methods i.e. Border, check basin and sprinkler methods. Plants survival rates were also observed higher in Dripirrigation method.

SCP 35

EFFECTIVE MICRO-ORGANISMS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN SUSTAINABLEAGRICULTUREAbuzer Amir and Brajesh SinghBiochemical Engineering and Food Technology Department, Harcourt Butler Technological Institute, Kanpur-208002

Effective Micro-organisms were first developed by Professor Teruo Higa of the Ryukus University in Okinawa, Japan, duringmany years of investigation and study which were completed in 1982. EM consists of mixed cultures of beneficial and naturally-occurring micro-organisms that can be applied as inoculants to increase the microbial diversity of soils and plants. Research hasshown that the inoculation of EM cultures to the soil/plant ecosystem can improve soil quality, soil health, and the growth,yield, and quality of crops. EM contains selected species of microorganisms including predominant populations of lactic acidbacteria and yeasts, and smaller numbers of photosynthetic bacteria, actinomycetes and other types of organisms. All of these aremutually compatible with one another and can co-exist in liquid culture. Sustainable agriculture means soil fertility and wateravailability forever and crop/plant protection without damaging the environment and ecological balance. Sustainable agricultureintegrates three main goals—environmental health, economic profitability, and social and economic equity. Effective Microorganisms are utilized in agriculture for various purposes; as important components of organic amendments and composts, aslegume inoculants for biological nitrogen fixation, as a means of suppressing insects and plant diseases to improve crop qualityand yield, and for reduction of labor. An important consideration in the application of beneficial microorganisms to soils is theenhancement of their synergistic effects. This is difficult to accomplish if these microorganisms are applied to achieve symptomatictherapy, as in the case of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

SCP 36

INFLUENCE OF CHELATE DTPA ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF BARLEY PLANTSJ. Mohan and N. MohanParyavaran Sodh Ekai, Department of Botany, D.A-V. College, KanpurEmail: drnmohan@rediffmail.com

Barley (Hordium vulgare L. var. Jyoti) plants were raised in sand culture conditions with nil (0), 6.25, 25, 100 and 400 ppm levels ofDTPA along with full nutrition solutions. Effect of DTPA on growth and tissue concentration of minerals were studied. Yield ofbarley plants at all the stages of growth studied showed an increase with the increase in levels of DTPA up to 25 ppm. Increasein tissue concentration of calcium, iron, manganese were found in the range of 6.25 to 25 ppm level of DTPA. However, DTPAdecreased the nitrogen contents of plants.

Abstracts

48

SCP 37

EFFECT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIESOF SOIL AND SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION OF CONFECTIONERY GROUNDNUTUNDER KONKAN REGION OF MAHARASHTRAN. V. Mhaskar, J. R. Ramteke and A. T. JadyeAICRP on Tuber Crops, CES, Wakawali, Tal: Dapoli (MS)

The large seeded confectionery groundnut is important for direct consumption in India and abroad. It is an exhaustive cropcompared to many other legumes. Integrated nutrient supply system is an established agro technique for sustaining yield level,enhancing nutrient use efficiency and restoring soil physical, chemical and biological health of soil. Field experiments wasconducted during Rabi 2004-05 and 2005-06 at Agronomy Farm, College of Agriculture, Dapoli Dist: Ratnagiri (MS) to study theeffect of integrated nutrient management on sustainable production of confectionery groundnut and its influence on microbialsituation in soil. The experiment was laid out in Randomized block design with three replications. There were ten nutrienttreatment combinations. The pooled results revealed that dry pod, haulm and kernel yield of confectionery groundnut increasedappreciably by application of higher integration of Poultry manure (PM) + Recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) + EffectiveMicroorganism (EM) + Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) + Sulphur (S) + Calcium (Ca) and thus recorded the significantly thehighest values of these parameters 81.26, 75.83 and 60.35 q ha-1, respectively. The magnitude of increase in dry pod yield, haulmyield and kernel yield by 54.96, 45.69 and 57.94 per cent, respectively over control. The biofertilizers in combinations with RDFrecorded significantly higher number of bacteria 47.67 and 41.33 in respective years in soil. PM alone and its integratedcombinations with EM + PSB, S and Ca recorded numerically higher number of fungi compared to RDF alone and its integratedcombinations. PM integration with biofertilizers showed higher (4.0 during 2004-05 and 3.67 during 2005-06) diversity of fungiwhich was significantly more over similar integrated combination with RDF in both the years. Organic manures (PM) alongwith EM+PSB caused numerically higher count of actinomycetes 6.67 during both years in soil as compared to rest of the nutrientcombinations.

SCP 38

GOLDEN RICESoujanya PasumarthiK L university APEmail : soujanyabiotechklu@gmail.com

This mini project on GOLDEN RICE give us an information on the definition,inventors of Golden Rice and the role of Vitamin–A in humans and its importance and also the mechanism of beta carotene pathway , shows how it is combating to Vitamin ADeficiency(VAD) and the subsequent development of Golden rice strains and its importance in the world. Golden Rice has manyadvantages and disadvantages and those prons and cons with the opposition gives us an impact of its application to humanorganisms.Golden Rice is thus shows the beginning of Genetically modified foods.Finally, this project shows the perseveranceand dedication of Ingo Potrykus and Peter Beyer for combating VAD

SCP 39

SUSTAINABLE AGREECULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF NATURALRESOURCES: PAST EXPERIEANCES AND FUTURE PRESPECTIVESNeha Bharti, , SITM, LucknowShakuntla Sangam, BBAU, LucknowE-mail: shakun.rmlnlu@gmail.com

Agriculture is not a natural process it is an invention of human that is basis of modern civilization. Sustainable agriculture is thepractice of farming using principles of ecology, and relationships between organisms and their environment. Means “anintegrated system of plant and animal production, practices having a site-specific application that will last over the long term tosatisfy food, enhance environmental quality and enhance the quality of life through most efficient use of natural resources, thatplays a critical role in agriculture and in the life of farmers which are depend on these resources, such as land, water and energy.Advanced seeds and improved farming techniques that make the most efficient use of these essential resources can help agriculture,

Sustainable Crop Production

49

around the world. But due to intensive agriculture, continuous cultivation of a selected number of high yielding and economicallyprofitable crops often results in narrowing of genetic biodiversity, this occurs through replacement of organic manures byinorganic fertilizers. Inherent fertility of soil is seriously imbalanced due to our sole dependence on chemical fertilizers andtechnology. However Genetically Modified(GM) crops are being successfully protected in a number of commercial species butuse of GM crops is difficult to weigh the benefits and risks, because prime object to modify these seed was to create greatertolerance against herbicides and stronger resistance to insects, not for higher yield. In order to maintain the long term ecologicaland biological integrity of sustainable agriculture can be achieved only through natural resources.

SCP 40

PREDICTION OF WATER AND NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCIES IN WHEAT UNDERLIMITED WATER AVAILABILITYM. A. Sarath, U. K. Chopra, A. K. Jain, S. Pradhan, I. Chand & S. JainDivision of Agricultural Physics, IARI, New DelhE-mail sarathagri@gmail.com

Two years field study was conducted to quantify and predict the influences of water stress and nitrogen stress on the water andnitrogen use efficiencies of wheat and the associated reductions in the yield. Three levels of water stress and three levels of Nstress along with a non-stressed control were created in the field where wheat was grown during rabi season of 2009-10 and 2010-11 and the relevant data were collected to compute WUE and NUE under the combined effects of the two stresses. The stresseswere quantified in terms of water stress factor (SFW) and nitrogen stress factor (SFN). Predictive equations for percent decreasein yield, percent decrease in WUE and percent decrease in NUE as functions of SFW and SFN were developed using the first yeardata. The validation of these prediction equations were carried out using the second year data, which showed a very goodaccuracy of prediction for yield and WUE equations. However, the prediction accuracy for NUE was not as high as in the othercases. The interactive effects of the two stresses were also quantified. Predictive equations were also developed to quantify theimpact of one stress factor at a given level of the other stress factor for WUE, NUE and yield of wheat. The results indicated thatthe reduction in water by 18% can be applied without significantly decreasing the yield, but increasing WUE by 16% and NUE by6%. A software program “WUE Predictor” was developed to predict WUE under water stress conditions. The procedureincorporated in the software was based on modified Penman-Monteith equation for estimating AET and harvest index (HI) forestimating grain yield. The model over predicted the values of WUE under water stressed condition, therefore, needs furtherrefinements.

SCP 41

THE EFFECT OF BIOFERTILIZERS ON THE AVAILABILITY OF ZINC AND SULPHURIN RICE CROPC.P. Sharma1,Gyanendra1 ,R.K. Pathak1 & Sanjeev Kumar2

1Deptt. Of Microbiology,2Deptt. Of Agronomy, C.S.Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur 208002, U.P, India,Email: gyan1989csa@gmail.com

A field experiment was conduct on fertilizer research station Pura, Kanpur in the year 2010 to see the effect of biofertilizer (BGA& PSB) on zinc & sulphur availability with different level of nitrogen in rice crop, the study also include to see the residual effectof biofertilizer on rabi season crop chickpea. The data of results indicated that inoculation of BGA, Azotobacter with differentlevels of nitrogen (0, 90, 120 Kg/h), zinc (0, 10, 20 Kg/h) and sulphur (0,20,40 Kg/h) increased significantly grain yield of rice &chickpea in comparision to uninoculated control. The maximum grain yield of Rice (40.88 Q/h) & chickpea (17.06 Q/h) wereobtained with combined inoculation of BGA+PSB+Azotobacter being significantly superior to control as well as single inoculationof BGA, BGA+Azotobacter & BGA+PSB.

Abstracts

50

SCP 42

AGRO – RESIDUE WASTE MANAGEMENT THROUGH VERMICOMPOSTING BYEPIGEICWORM (EISENIAFOETIDA)Aparna Yadav , Ashok. K. AgarwalDept. of Biological Science M.G.C.G.V Chitrakoot, Satna

In India about 700 millions tones of organic wastes are mainly composed of farm residues and waste of rural and urbanorigin. This waste biomass comes from agriculture urban and industrial sources and of domestic waste.Utilization of thesematerial for the productivity process is important for both economical and environmental reasons.In the present studyan effort was made to assess the efficacy of Eiseniafoetida), utilizing organic waste (agro-residue).These selected wastematerial were mixed with cowdung (4:1ratio w/w) separately for understanding physical and biochemical activity,occurring during the 75 days of composting period. chemical analysis of agro-residue waste used vermicompost samplecollected 0 day ,15 ,45 ,75 day.Clearly indicated potential of earthworm biotechnology in reduction in the biomass ofwaste and nutrient enrichment material. during vermicomposting process,biochemical changes occur in the organicsubstrate with increasing period of waste management. PH, organic carbon, organic matter and C:N ratio revealednegative trend.However N ,P ,K content increased in positive trend in vermicomposting period. Thus it can be concludedthat earthworm biotechnology is the one more economic ,ecofriendly waste management technology and resulting in thebioconversion from waste to wealth.

SCP 43

EFFECT OF DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE AND PLANT SPACING ON ARTEMISININ ANDESSENTIAL OIL YIELD IN ARTEMISIA ANNUA PLANTSSUGANDHA TIWARIDepartment of Botany, D.G College, C.S.J.M. University, Kanpur, India.E-Mail: sugandhatiwari7@gmail.com

The study was undertaken to assess the effect of plant density and plant age on artemisinin content in antimalarial plant A. annua.Treatment consisted of five planting densities (12500, 20825, 41650, 62500 and 83300 plants/ hectare) with four replicates.Observations were taken for plant height and artemisinin content in the months of June (180 days old plants), July (210 days oldplants) and August (240 days old plants) when the plants were in vegetative stage. Maximum artemisinin content was recordedin the samples harvested in the month of July (210 days old plants ) which later declined in the samples harvested in the monthof August (240 days old plants) in all the planting densities tested. Maximum artemisinin content was recorded in plantingdensity of 41,650 plants per hectare with plant to plant spacing of 50 cm X 30 cm. Essential oil was estimated in 210 days old plantsin the month of July. Highest essential oil yield was obtained in the planting density of 20,825 plants per hectare with plant toplant spacing of 50cm X 80cm.

SCP 44

PRODUCTIVITY, PROFITABILITY AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF CHICKPEA (CICERARIETINUM) AS INFLUENCED BY FARM YARD MANURE, PHOSPHORUS ANDSULPHUR APPLICATIONR. K. SHIVRAN, P ROKADIA AND S S PUNIAAgriculture Research Station, Ummedganj, Nayapura, Kota 324 001Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology, Udaipur, RajasthanFor correspondence E Mail: rshivranars2007@gmail.com

A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Ummedganj, Kota (Rajasthan) during the winter season of2008 and 2009 to evolve an integrated nutrient management strategy for chickpea. The experiment was laid out in randomizedblock design with 12 treatment combinations of FYM (0, 5 t/ha) P 2O5 (0, 40, 60 kg /ha), and sulphur (0, 20 kg/ha) replicated fourtimes. Application of FYM @ 5t/ha, inorganic P 2O5 @ 40 kg/ha and S @ 20 kg/ha resulted significantly higher plant height,Branches/plant, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, number of nodules, dry weight of nodules and hence higher seed,straw yield and protein content during 2008 and 2009.There were no significant difference observed within 40 and 60 kg P2O5/

Sustainable Crop Production

51

ha The gross return, net return and B:C ratio increased with the application of FYM@5t/ha inorganic P 2O5 @ 40 kg/ha and S @20 kg/ha during both the years. But highest B:C ratio was recorded under 60 kg P2O5/ha but it was on par with 40kg P2O5/ha Itwas concluded that for higher productivity, profitability and soil health, chickpea should be fertilized with 40 kg P2O5/ha inconjunction with 5 t/ha FYM and 20kg S/ha.

SCP 45

POTENTIAL OF MICROORGANISMS FOR IMPROVING SOIL FERTILITY INDIFFERENT CONDITIONSShakti Katiyar, Praveen Kr. SachanAssistant Professor in BTKIT, Dwarahat , Almoraskatiyarshakti@gmail.com

Some organisms are added to the rhizosphere of the plant to enhance their activity in the soil. In previous researches Rhyzobium,Azotobacter, Azospirillum inoculants are known for their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in plants forming nodules in roots.Blue Green Algae and Azoll such as Cyanophytes, Cyanobacteria and most recently Cyanoprokaryotes are photosynthetic nitrogen fixersand add growth-promoting substances including vitamin B12, improve soil aeration and water holding capacity. Phosphatesolubilizing biofertilizers used several soil bacteria of genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus and fungi of genera Penicillium, Aspergillus arelife forms that can help in improving phosphate uptake of plants in different ways.

In advance research Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria includes endophytic bacteria that show plant growth enhancingactivity with a special emphasis on biological nitrogen fixation, synthesis of phytohormones, environmental stress relief,synergism with other bacteria-plant interactions, inhibition of plant ethylene synthesis, degradation of organic-P compounds,phenazine-related mineral solubilization, synthesis of lumichrome and increasing availability of nutrients like phosphorus,iron and growth enhancement by volatile compounds. The well known genera of PGPR are Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Bacillus,Burkholderia, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas. Rhizospheric, Sinorhizobium meliloti and four Rhizobial strains isolated fromroot nodules of Phaseolus vulgaris as well as by the reference strain Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899T are found in semi-arid lands canbe used for nodulating the soybean crop.

Mycorrhizal fungi are two major types Ectomycorrhizal Fungi (EM) and Endomycorrhizal Fungi (AM) penetrate the plant rootsand are recognized for their importance by improving in plant nutrition, particularly in phosphorus uptake and by increasingplant resistance to pathogens and abiotic stresses. Mycorrhizae also benefit plants indirectly by enhancing the structure of thesoil. AM hyphae excrete gluey, sugar-based compounds called Glomalin, which helps to bind soil particles, and make stable soilaggregates. This improves air, water infiltration. Azorhizobium caulinodans for nitrogen fixation is being used successfully in riceand maize. Acetobacter are another new strain of biofertilizer being used in sugarcane. Microbes like Thiobacillus thiooxidans areknown for sulphur and iron oxidization.

SCP 46

MICRONUTRIENT ESSENTIAL FOR PLANTS, ANIMALS & INDUSTRYSujeet Kr. RamSaaii College of Medical Science &Technology KanpurEmailid: ramsujeet@rocketmail.comContact no. 9792488604

Molybdenum is an essential element for plants & animals. In some animals’ adding a small amount of dietary molybdenumenhances growth. In plants lacks of molybdenum induces suppression of internodel growth, morphological abnormality ofleaves, it also effect breeding strategy. Molybdenum required complex which are used to make nitrites. Molybdenum basedcatalysts have a no. of important applications in the petroleum & plastics industries. A major use in hydrodesulphurisation(HDS) of petroleum, petrochemicals & coal derived liquids. Synthetic MoS2 is a catalyst for desulphurisation in petroleumrefineries. The catalyst comprises MoS2 supported on aluminium & promoted by cobalt or nickel & is prepared by sulfidingcobalt & molybdenum oxides on alumina. Molybdenum catalysts are resistant to poisoning by sulphur. Molybdenum not onlyallows for economical fuel refining but also contributes to a safer environment through lower sulphur emissions. In somebacteria & archea , an ABC-type molybdenum transporter has been identified. A molybdenum transporter gene exemplified byArabidopsis thaliana MoTR1 gene. MoTR1 gene encoding a cell membrane protein. MoTR1 gene expressed in aerial part,playing a role to distribute Molybdenum from root to leaves. Corynebacterium having enhanced productivity of L-Lysine byincreasing activity of molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis enzyme(maoA).

Abstracts

52

PHT 01

PARTICIPATION AND INFLUENCE OF WOMEN AND MEN IN PULSES PRODUCTIONAND PROCESSING IN BANDA DISTRICT OF BUNDELKHAND REGIONRajesh Kumar, S. K. Singh, Purushottam and Uma SahAgricultural Extension Section Indian Institute of Pulses Research, KanpurEmail: rkm_13t@yahoo.com

Agriculture is the main occupation of the farmers of Bundelkhand region. It comprises of including 13 district of Uttar Pradeshand Madhya Pradesh. The pulses are the major source of income and employment. The male and female both are engaged in thepulses cultivation. There are some areas where specifically women participate like preparation of seed, sowing, weeding,storing etc. Researchers are developing technologies suitable for the men. Seldom,they pay attention to the need of women.Keeping in view the above facts a study was conducted in Tenduwari and Kamasin blocks of Banda district of Bundelkhandamong the150 (75 men and 75women) to ascertain role of women in different activities of pulses production, decision making,drudgery perceived in work performance and sources of information. It was revealed by the study that small and marginalcategory farmers (men & women) were participating in the pulse production activities whereas women were not participatingin the outside activities of pulse production which belonged to large farmer’s category. It was observed from the study that smalland medium category farmers were predominantly participating in land preparation, spray of insecticide, threshing and storagefrom field to home whereas women participation was more in the sowing of seed (80%), harvesting of crop, plucking of maturedpods, winnowing, storage in bin, making dal. In case of large farmers, women were actively participating in indoor activitiesand lesser in outdoor door activities. Further study revealed the women were involved in most of the decisions but due to lackof knowledge they did not have say. Men perceived very high drudgery in carrying of compost, intercultural operations,harvesting, winnowing and women perceived very high level drudgery in intercultural operations, harvesting, plucking,winnowing and threshing of pigeonpea plants. They get injury in hands, finger, legs, eyes and get pain in backache, headache,vomiting, etc. The most important sources of information are block development office, Deputy Director Office (Agriculture),IIPR and private seed traders. Farmers were also getting information from radio, doordarshan, farmer’s fairs related to pulseproduction. The women reported that they get information from the husband and neighboring women farmer related to pulseproduction and processing.

PHT 02

TRADITIONAL SEED TECHNOLOGY IN THE TERAI REGION OF U.P., INDIAH. P. PandeyDepartment of Botany, ISD College, University of Allahabad, Allahabad – 211004 IndiaE mail: hp.pandey.bps@gmail.com

Agriculture is the backbone of food security; it is the embodiment of culture, heritage, ideas and knowledge of the people whichrepresent accumulation of philosophy, science, tradition and state of arts of any society. Since the agriculture is oldest occupationof mankind, which brought about revolutionary rather than evolutionary changes in human civilization, it is therefore, livingtestimony of farmer’s scientific understanding about the plants and agro climatic conditions in which they grow. Some of theseed storage practiced among rural and tribal farmers of Terai region, district Gonda, Balrampur and adjoining regions of U.P.,India, including sand mixing, ash mixing, dung mixing, clay mixing, bunch method, loft method, clay bin method and mixingof herbal method.

PHT 03

EVALUATION OF STORAGE STRUCTURES AND PEST MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUESOF PULSES IN ODISHA WITH GENDER CONCERNS.K. Srivastava, B.N.Sadangi and B.C.BeheraDirectorate of Research on Women in Agriculture, Bhubaneswar, Odisha - 751 003Email: santoshkumarshrivastava60@yahoo.com

The state of Odisha, bestowed with rich natural endowments characterized by high humidity and medium to high rainfall, which

POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGY

Post Harvest Technology

53

play a favourable role for the multiplication of insect pests during the storage of pulses, which compel to retailer/shopkeeperfor the use of pesticides during storage. There is a rising public concerns about food safety throughout all aspects of day to dayliving. Use of plant products for storage pest management has been well documented in ancient Hindu literature. Plant productsare widely used even today because they are culturally and geographically acceptable, accessible and affordable as well as freefrom any side effects. In the changing climatic scenario, people’s ancient wisdom in pest management has assumed greatersignificance, since there are various reports of pesticide contamination in the food chain. This is the right time to rediscover ourpast heritage of sustainable agriculture and blend it with the current agriculture for planned growth and sustainable developmentof agriculture in the country. Role of farmwomen in pest management is perhaps to an even greater degree than other areas ofdevelopment demands attention to crosscutting and cross-sectoral issues because high levels of pesticide poisoning amongresource poor farmers, especially women, are often reported to be linked to low levels of technology transfer among them.Women are active at every point in the food chain and are often responsible for protecting the integrity and safety of food.Therefore, different structure for storage of pulses like gunny bag, earthen pot (mati handi/mathia), double plastic bag (jari akha)with different storage pest management techniques viz., mixing of mustard oil @5ml / kg, neem leaves @ 4gm/kg and dry chilli@10gm/kg etc. were evaluated at Kantamalim village of Begunia block in Khurda district of Odisha with the participation offarm women. Farm women were called upon for the demonstration along with their produce of pulses particularly red gram andblack gram. Storage structures and other related alternatives were provided to them. Results and perception of farm womenwere recorded with the employment of Village Para Extension Workers (VPEW) at village level. Storage in double jari akha wasmost preferred storage structure by the farm women of Odisha followed by earthen pot and gunny bag. Farmwomen observedmaximum loss of pulses when stored in moist condition in the earthen matka even after the treatment with mustard oil.Research findings and the perception of farm women of Odisha have been discussed in detail for the benefit of researchers andpolicy makers.

PHT 04

AN EVALUATION OF BIOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AS AN INDEX FOR BRUCHIDRESISTANCE IN RICEBEAN (VIGNA ACULATES)Pavithravani, B.V1, Rame Gowda1, K. Bhanuprakash4, C.K., Pramila1, C.Gireesh5, S. Subramanya2 and M. ByreGowda3

1 Department of Seed Science and Technology, 2 Post harvest technology, 3 AICRP on Pigeonpea, University of AgriculturalSciences, Bangalore, India,4 Seed Technology unit, IIHR, Hesaraghatta, Bangalore & 5Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, IARI, New Delhi,India.Email: pavisst@gmail.com

Post-harvest damage to the pulses caused by bean weevil or bruchid, is quite extensive and is considered as most devastatingstorage pest in India. The control of bruchid by insecticides is not always practical to farmers because of their toxicity andprimitive nature of seed storage facilities. Therefore, there is a need to identify the resistance factor especially the chemicalconstitutes like seed protein or specific enzyme that is associated with bruchid resistance. In the present study one hundredricebean accessions were screened for relative resistance to bruchid (Callosobruchus aculates) by bruchid bioassay technique,where the percentage of damaged seeds ranged from 5 (LRB238) – 75 (LRB26). Twelve ricebean accessions with varying levels ofbruchid resistance were selected to study the biochemical basis of resistance. Tannic acid and Polyphenol content was higher inthe seed coat (15.01 and 39.95 mg/g, respectively) than in cotyledons (2.78 and 2.79 mg/g, respectively) irrespective of ricebeanaccessions. However, highest tannic acid and polyphenol content was noticed in the seed coats of bruchid resistant accessionLRB168 (17.36 and 51.25 mg/g, respectively). Highly bruchid resistant accession LRB238, exhibited highest peroxidase (11.42 U/min/mg protein) and polyphenoloxidase (3.34 U/min/mg protein) while, JP100304, a bruchid resistant accession revealedhighest amylase inhibitory activity (33.40 %) followed by LRB238 (22.28 %) against bruchid susceptible accession LRB26 (3.61 %).Further, protein and isozyme profile also displayed significant variation in the banding pattern between the bruchid resistantand susceptible accessions. Thus the present study emphasizes the availability of reistance genes which can be used in theconventional and molecular breeding programmes/ approaches to evolve bruchid resistant cultivars of ricebean .

PHT 05

INFLUENCE OF SEED MOISTURE CONTENT AND PACKAGING MATERIALS ON SEEDQUALITY DURING STORAGE OF HYBRID RICE KRH-2 (ORYZA SATIVA L.)1H.V. Divya, 2R. Siddaraju, 1C. K. Pramila, 2Narayana Swamy, 1S. Ramegowda, 2G. T. Thirumalaraju and 2J. Shantala.1 Department of Seed Science and Tech., College of Agriculture,2 Seed Technology Research Centre, NSP, UAS, GKVK, BangaloreEmail: hvdivya28@gmail.com

Storage of seeds till the next sowing is an essential segment of the seed industry. The present study was conducted to know the

Abstracts

54

effect of moisture and packaging materials on seed quality and longevity of hybrid rice KRH-2 during storage for a period ofeight months. Moisture content in freshly harvested seeds was brought to two levels (10% and 12%) and stored in four differentpackaging materials (Cloth bag, Polylined cloth bag, Super bag and Tyvek bag). Among moisture levels, seeds stored at 10 percent recorded the highest germination (76.0%), vigour index based on mean seedling length (2287), field emergence (61.75%) andless insect infestation (23.15%) was found at eighth month of storage. Among packaging materials, super bag recorded highestgermination (92.97%), vigour index based on seedling length (2754,) field emergence (77.71%) and less insect infestation (7.63%)over other packaging materials. It could be concluded that the hybrid paddy KRH-2 can be stored at 10 per cent seed moisturelevel in super grain bag for better seed quality upto eight months of storage.

PHT 06

INFLUENCE OF SEED MOISTURE CONTENT AND SEED TREATMENT CHEMICALSON SEED QUALITY DURING STORAGE OF HYBRID RICE KRH-2 (ORYZASATIVA L.)Divya, H.V., Siddaraju, R., Pramila, C.K. Narayana Swamy, S., Ramegowda, Thirumalaraju, G.T. and Shantala, J.E-mail ID- hvdivya28@gmail.com1Department of Seed Science and Tech., College of Agriculture,2 Seed Technology Research Centre, NSP, UAS, GKVK,Bangalore

Seed quality is a multiple concept comprising several physical, chemical and biological components. The present study wasconducted to know the effect of seed moisture content and chemical seed treatment on seed quality and longevity of hybrid riceKRH-2 during storage for a period of eighth months. Freshly harvested seeds were brought into two moisture levels viz., 10 and12 per cent and treated with insecticide (Sevin @ 2g/kg of seed) and fungicides (Thiram @ 2 g/kg of seed) and their combinationsThiram + Sevin @ 2g/kg of seed. The observations on seed quality parameters were recorded bimonthly. The results revealedthat among seed moisture contents, seeds stored at 10 per cent seed moisture content recorded the highest germination (76.0%),vigour index based on mean seedling length (2287), field emergence (61.75%) and less insect infestation (23.45%) after eightmonths of storage. Among chemical treatments, Thiram + Sevin @ 2g/kg of seed each recorded the maximum seed germination(95.54%), vigour index based on seedling length (2733), field emergence (75.50%) and less insect infestation (10.63%) over otherchemical treatments at end of eighth months after storage period. Hence, the study depicted that the rice hybrid KRH-2 could bestored safely for eight months at 10 per cent seed moisture content and seeds treated with Thiram + Sevin @ 2g/kg of seed.

PHT 07

MANAGEMENT OF ANGOUMOIS GRAIN MOTH, SITOTROGA CEREALELLA OLIVIERIN STORED RICE BY PROTECT ANTS UNDER AMBIENT CONDITIONDevendra Kumar Yadav1, Dr.R B Singh1 ,P K Dwivedi1 , Ashutosh Kumar Srivastava2

Department of Entomology1, Department of Plant Pathology2 Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology,Kumarganj, Faizabad-224 229 (U.P.)

Paddy (Oryza sativa L.) is an important cereal of world in respect to acreage and production, which provides food for two third ofthe world population. During post harvest handling, losses in food grain occurred at the tune of 9.33 per cent. In India every yearabout 1.0 to 1.5 crore tones grain are lost due to improper storage. Angoumois grain moth, S. cerealella Oliv. (Gelechiidae :Lepidoptera) is most destructive pest of stored paddy along with other cereals, such as wheat maize, sorghum, oat, barleyetc.About 10 to 29 per cent weight loss and 3 to 41 per cent germination loss by S. cerealella have been reported under variousagro-climatic zones of country. Keeping in view the present investigation entitled “Laboratory assessment of rice cultivarsagainst Angoumois grain moth, S. cerealella and its management under ambient condition” taken up under entomologicallaboratory of Seed Technology, N.D.U.A&T, Kumarganj, Faizabad (U.P.).Among 8 tested protectants viz., neem leaf powder,neem cake powder, wheat straw ash, paddy straw ash, cow dung cake ash, brick furnace ash, diatomaceous earth @ 10 g/kg seedand deltamethrin 2.5 WP @ 40 mg/kg seed as check. Brick furnace ash @ 10 g/kg seed was found to be most effective to protectthe paddy grains against S. cerealella upto 180 days of storage. Besides, the neem leaf powder, neem cake powder and diatomaceousearth @ 10 g/kg seed were also showed as effective protectants.

Post Harvest Technology

55

PHT 08

EXTRACTION OF ESSENTIAL OIL AND COMPONENTS OF PLANT THROUGHMICROWAVE - AN INNOVATIVE AND PROMISING TECHNIQUESaleha AhmedDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Harcourt Butler Technological Institute, Kanpur, 208002, India.E-mail : salehakanpur@gmail.com

In recent years, the use of microwave for extraction of constituents from plant material has shown tremendous research interestand potential. Although microwave energy has tremendous heating potential, use of microwave extraction technology haveonly recently appeared in analytical laboratories Conventional techniques for the extraction of active constituents are time andsolvent consuming, thermally unsafe and the analysis of numerous constituents in plant material is limited by the extractionstep. So extraction of phyto-constituents by microwave provides a vast scope of research exploration. Some excellent reviewarticles dealing with the application of microwave concept to agricultural and environmental samples have already beenpublished and demonstrated.. There are two types of microwave assisted extraction, closed vessel and open soxhlet extraction.The former one is far superior to the later. High and fast extraction performance ability with less solvent consumption andprotection offered to thermo labile constituents are some of the attractive features of this new promising microwave assistedextraction (MAE) technique. Using these techniques essential oils from a variety of plant parts, viz., leaves, seed, roots, plant topsetc., have been extracted. areThe components which are of importance and effectively extracted are Cuminum cyminum andZanthoxylum bungeanum, Nothapodytes foetida, Lippia alba, Macleaya cordata, Salvia miltiorrhiza , Eucommia ulmodies, Tobacco leaves,Embelia ribes, Green tea leaves, Artemisia annua, A brief theoretical background of microwave heating and the basic principles ofusing microwave energy for extraction have been presented for better understanding. Discussions on the main parametersinfluencing the extraction efficiency (namely solvent nature and volume, extraction time, microwave power, matrix characteristicsand temperature) and different statistical optimization strategies are also highlighted. Finally the potential applications of thisnew method with comparison of its performance to that of classical techniques are also elucidated.

PHT 09

EVALUATION OF BANANA (MUSA PARADISIACA L.) VARIETIES FOR FLOURMAKINGIsha Swami & A.G. NaikDepartment of Post Harvest Technology ASPEE, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University,Navsari-396450.Email: ishaswami22@gmail.com

An experiment on “Evaluation of different banana [Musa paradisiacal L.] varieties for banana flour making” was carried out atthe Post Graduate and Post Harvest Laboratory, Department of Horticulture, N. M. College of Agriculture and ASPEE Collegeof Horticulture and Forestry, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari during the month of January to June 2010. Keeping thevarieties V 1 (Rasthali), V 2 (Saba), V3 (Bluggoe), V 4(Rajapuri) , V 5 (Chandraballi), V 6 (Udhyam) and V 7 (Grand Naine) as treatmentsin CRD with three repetitions. The nutritional value viz. titratable acidity (percent), ascorbic acid (mg/100gm), starch (percent),T.S.S. (°Brix), total sugar (percent) was carried out. The titratable acidity of flour was found lower in Grand Naine while higherin Bluggoe variety. While ascorbic acid significantly maximum in Udhyam while lower in Chandrabali variety. In respect toT.S.S., starch and total sugar content, it was found maximum in Grand Naine and lowest in Saba variety. In other hand moisturewas found significantly maximum in Grand Naine while the lowest in Chandrabali variety.

PHT 10

PERFORMANCE OF ORANGE FLESHED SWEET POTATO VARIETIES UNDERVARIETALS EVALUATION PROGRAMME IN RAINFED SITUATION UNDERLATERITIC SOILS OF KONKANA. T. Jadye, N. V. Mhaskar, P. M. Haldankar and U. V. MahadkarAICRP on Tuber Crops, CES, Wakawali, Tal: Dapoli (MS)

In India majority of farmers cultivated tuber crops as a subsistence crop on small plots or as an intercrop. Among the tropicaltuber crops Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) produces more edible energy even on marginal land than any other major food

Abstracts

56

crops. It plays an important role in economy of poor households. Sweet potatoes are grown throughout the tropics for theiredible tubers. Some cultivars having orange fleshed are rich source of â carotene which is precursor of “Vit. A” as well asnutritionally rich. In order to identify the suitable cultivar of orange fleshed sweet potato in Konkan region, an experiment wasconducted during Kharif season for three consecutive years 2008, 2009 and 2010 at Central Experiment Station, Wakawali. The soilof experimental field was lateritic in nature having pH 5.5 to 5.6. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design withfour replications. The pooled tuber yield of 3 consecutive years revealed that among the five cultivars of sweet potato, entryKamal Sundari produced the highest tuber yield of 16.93 t ha-1, which was significantly superior over rest of the entries understudy. The lowest yield was produced by Konkan Ashwini (9.60 t ha-1). As regards the marketable tuber yield, the entry KamalSundari recorded the highest tuber yield of 13.71 t ha-1, which was significantly superior over rest of the entries. The averagemarketable weight of 155 gm was reported by Kamal Sundari. Maximum fresh vine yield of 24.43 t ha-1 was recorded by CIPSWA–2 which was significantly superior over 362/7 and Konkan Ashwini but at par with Kamal Sundari and SV-98. The studies regardingcomparative economics of the different entries of orange fleshed sweet potato revealed that net returns and B:C ratio was foundto be the highest in case of the entry Kamal Sundari (Rs. 92,852/- ha-1 and 1.55, respectively) followed by the entry 362/7 (Rs.92,852/- ha-1 and 1.45, respectively).

PHT 11

SEED QUALITY AS INFLUENCED BY SEED STORAGE IN MARIGOLDPramila, C.K., Ramachandra, R., Pavithravani, B.V.,Thanuja, W.J., Divya, H.V And Maithreyee, M.N.Department of Seed Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore- KarnatakaEmail pramila.aulya@gmail.com

Present study was carried out to study the effect of seed storage on seed quality in African marigold cv. Pusa Narangi. Seedsproduced during kharif-2009 were cleaned, graded and reduced safe moisture level (<7.5%). After recording initial germination(88.40%) and vigour (1102), stored at Department of Seed Science and Technology for 12 months under ambient conditions usingdifferent packaging materials viz., P1 - Cloth bag; P2 - Polythene bag (700 gauge) with silica gel; P3 - polythene bag (700 gauge)without silica gel; P4 - Air tight plastic jar with silica gel; P5 - Air tight plastic jar without silica gel. The activated silica gel (5g) incloth bags were kept in packaging materials along with seed (10g) as per the treatments and closed/sealed immediately torestrict the entry of moisture. The required quantity of seeds were drawn at two months interval from each bag and subjected toseed quality analysis. Among different packaging materials, seeds stored in polythene bag (P2) and airtight containers (P4) withor without silica gel (P3 and P5) maintained prescribed certification standards (70.00%) upto eight months compared to cloth bag(P1) (62.50%). At the end of storage P2 recorded slightly higher seed quality parameters viz., germination (48.83%) seedling length(10.63 cm), seedling dry weight (0.76mg), vigour index I (508), vigour index II (36) and lower EC (0.57 dS/m) and seed infection(42.22 %) compared to other treatments. Overall mean value of germination and vigour index of this treatment during storagewas 72.11 and 869, respectively. Thus the study can be concluded that, marigold seeds could be stored upto eight months withsilicagel in polythene bag (P2) without loss of seed germination and vigour.

Biotic Stress Management

57

BSM 01

BIO-CONTROL OF INSECT PEST OF PULSESHem SaxenaCrop Protection Division, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur – 208 024 (U.P.)Email : hem_saxena@yahoo.com

Bio-control has been viewed as a sound alternative to the chemical-control. During past several years, some noticeable successof bio-control has been achieved. Bio-agents are parasites, predators and pathogens (virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoan andentomopathogenic nematodes), which offer great scope in bio-control of insect-pests. A large number of parasites have beenreported very successful such as Campoletis chlorideae – larval parasite of Helicoverpa armigera and many more. During 2004, heavyparasitisation of Copidosoma floridanum – a larval parasite of H. armigera was reported for the first time at IIPR, Kanpur . The mostsuccessful predators are coccinellid beetles, reduviid bugs, pentomid bugs, carabids, araneids and formicids. A large number ofarthropods and insectivorous birds have been also reported as a successful predators of H. armigera larvae. The NPV ofHelicoverpa armigera is effectively controlling H. armigera in chickpea, pigeonpea, groundnut, sunflower, cotton, tomato andsorghum. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt.) is one of the earliest microbial insecticides to be commercially produced. In India, thisbacterial insecticide has been used in the management of gram pod borer H. armigera in chickpea and pigeonpea, A number ofcommercial formulations of Bt are available in the market. Fungal pathogen particularly Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae,Verticillium lecani and Nomuraea rileyi have been found to be promising in the control of several agricultural pests. Aspergillusflavus and Aspergillus niger are reported from the larvae of H. armigera in pulse eco-system at IIPR, Kanpur. Both the fungus arevery effective against H. armigera. A large number of entomopathogenic nematodes were also reported on H. armigera. Recentlytwo new species of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) i.e., Steinernema masoodi and S. seemae have been reported from the larvaeof H. armigera at IIPR, Kanpur, causing upto 67% mortality of H. armigera larvae in laboratory.

BSM 02

BIO-EFFICACY OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODE (STEINERNEMACARPOCAPSAE) AGAINST DIAMOND BACK MOTH (PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA)INFESTING CABBAGE (BRASSICA OLERACEA VAR. CAPITATA)B. S. Sunanda, A.U. Siddiqui and S. K. SharmaDepartment of Nematology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture & Technology,Udaipur-313001

Diamond back moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera : yponomeutidae) is a major pest of cabbage in India. Several bio-pesticides have been tested for the management of DBM in different parts of the country. Among different bio-agents so fartested, entomopathogenic nematodes were found better over others in suppressing DBM population. The in vitro studies werecarried out to evaluate the efficacy of indigeneous entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae against fourth instarlarvae of diamond back moth (10 larvae/petri plate). The efficacy of Steinernema carpocapsae was tested at four dosages viz., 250,500, 750 and 1000 IJs/ Petri plate. Each treatment was replicated four times. The results on mean per cent mortality of DBM larvaerevealed that maximum 98.5 per cent mortality was observed with 1000 IJs/petri plate after 124 hrs, followed by 88.3 per centafter 96 hrs with 750 IJs/petriplate and 82.7 percent with 500 IJs/petriplate after 48 hrs. The mortality of insect larvae graduallyincreased with an increase in the inoculum levels and period of exposure.

BSM 03

IN VITRO SCREENING OF ANTI MICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CALOPHYLLUMINOPHYLLUM LINN.T.G. NagarajaThe New College, Department of Botany, Kolhapur, Maharashtra - 416012Email: tgnagaraja2010@gmail.com

An attempt was made to assess the anti microbial activity of Calophyllum inophyllum L. in vitro condition using acetone extract of

BIOTIC STRESS MANAGEMENT

Abstracts

58

leaf and stem by Agar well diffusion method. Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli and Micrococcus sp., were used as test bacteria forassessing anti-bacterial activity. The leaf and stem extract were found to possess anti bacterial properties.

BSM 04

PRODUCTION AND ANTIFUNGAL ASSAY OF RECOMBINANT ENDOCHITINASEFROM BARLEY FOR PROTECTION OF FOOD CROPSPandey, RP and Singh, PK.Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam HigginbottomInstitute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, AllahabadEmail: rprakash.pandey@gmail.com

Fungal phytopathogens pose serious problems worldwide in the cultivation of economically important plants like variouscrops serving as source of staple food, especially in the tropical and subtropical regions. Checking the growth of fungalpathogens can certainly help to increase the production of food. Plants respond to fungal pathogens by producing variouspathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, such as chitinases, which restrict the spread of the pathogen in incompatible interactions andallow for systemic acquired resistance. Present study aims to produce cost effective antifungal enzyme using methods of geneticengineering and assay it for effective use against various fungal pathogens. Chitinase gene from Hordeum vulgare (barley) i.e.bec gene was cloned and over-expressed in Escherichia coli using expression vectors. Sequence analysis indicated that the bec geneconsists of an open reading frame of 798 nucleotides. The recombinant bec (29kDa protein) was produced as insoluble inclusionbodies and was released into active soluble form under alkaline pH and mild denaturing condition. The purified chitinase wasassayed against the three economically important fungal pests, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillum, the causativeagents of leaf wilting and damping off diseases. BEC inhibits the growth of the three fungi at 100 µg and 200 µg ml-1. Dataobtained from this study suggest that bec-coding sequence can be introduced into the genome of different crop plants to enhanceits fungal-resistance property. Study can help in development of antifungal plants as wells as mass production of antifungalenzyme which can help the yield of food.

BSM 05

BIOEFFICACY OF COW URINE DECOCTION (CUDS) OF DIFFERENT PLANTS ONPOPULATION GROWTH OF LIPAPHIS ERYSIMI (KALTENBACH) UNDER FIELDCONDITIONS*Wajid Hasan and M. S. AnsariDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002 (U.P.)Email: entowajid@gmail.com

Bioefficacy of cow urine decoctions (CUD) on some plants viz. A. cepa, A. sativum, A. squamosa, A. indica, C. papaya, P. hysterophorus,C. gigantea, C. citriodora @5% and neem oil (@ 0.005 & 0.003%) were evaluated against percent population growth of L. erysimiunder field conditions. Two sprays were conducted at 12 days intervals with knapsack sprayer. The number of aphids wascounted on 10 cm apical central shoot of inflorescence on five tagged plants in each replication before spray, one, three, five andseven days after spray. The percent population growth of L. erysimi after two sprays of CUDs was lowest in neem oil 0.005% (-56.2) followed by A. indica (-20.9), neem oil 0.003% (-18.6), A. squamosa (3.1), C. citriodora (8.9), P. hysterophorus (10.7), A. cepa (15.4),A. sativum (24.4), C. papaya (27.5), C. gigantea (66.5) and highest in untreated control (76.3) in timely sown crop. While in late sowncrop it was lowest in Neem oil 0.005% (-15.1) followed by neem oil 0.003% (-14.5), A. cepa (-10), A. indica (-7.8), A. sativum (-6.7), A.squamosa (-1.9), C. gigantea (6.2), C. papaya (7.7), C. citriodora (7.7), P. hysterophorus (7.8) and highest in untreated control (24.7). Thehighest yield i.e. 1925.83 Kg./ha was recorded in plots treated with neem oil (0.005) followed with neem oil ( 0.003) 1885.00,1825.16 Kg./ha with CUDs of A. indica, 1816.16 Kg./ha with CUDs of A. squamosa, 1782.66 Kg./ha with CUDs of A. sativum,1742.83 Kg./ha with CUDs of A. cepa, 1742.33 Kg./ha with CUDs of C. citriodora, 1738.16 Kg./ha with CUDs of C. gigantea, 1722.50Kg./ha with CUDs of P. hysterophorus, 1705.50 Kg./ha with CUDs of C. papaya and lowest 1654.16 Kg./ha in untreated control. Themean pooled yield was higher in timely sown crop (1928.18 Kg./ha) and lower in late sown crop (1624.60 Kg./ha). On the basisof percent population growth, A. indica was the best among all CUDs used.

Biotic Stress Management

59

BSM 06

VARIETAL SCREENING OF EARLY MATURITY GROUP OF PIGEONPEA AGAINSTPOD BORER COMPLEXI. S. Patel, P. S. Patel, B. Panikar and Y. RavindrababuCentre of Excellencebfor Research on Pulses, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrishinagar-385506 (GUJARAT)Email: dr.ispatel@gmail.com

Pigeonpea is an important crop of the North Gujarat. It is extensively cultivated in Sabarkantha, Mahesana, Banaskantha, Patanand Kutch. This crop suffers from the attack of pod borer complex right from seedling to maturity. For the management, toxicinsecticides are used injudiciously by the farmers. As a result environmental problem have been created. To overcome of theseproblems, use of resistant variety is one of the important solution. Therefore, attempt was made to screen out early maturingvariety of pigeonpea against Helicoverpa armigera and Melanagromyza obtusa. A field trial of eighteen genotypes of early maturitygroup was conducted at research farm of Centre of Excellence for Research on Pulses, S. D. Agricultural University,Sardarkrishinagar during Kharif 2009. All the genotypes were sown under randomized block design replicated twice. Plantswere spaced at the distance of 60 x 10 cm. Experimental plot was kept free from the pesticidal spray throughout the crop season.Five plants were selected from each variety and total number of pods and damaged pods due to Helicoverpa and podfly werecounted at the time of harvesting of the pods and per cent pod damage was worked out. Results revealed that significantly lowestpod damage was recorded in SKNP-607(1.16%) and was at par with GT-101 (1.83%). However the minimum pod fly damage wasobserved in SKNP-706 (0.66%). Maximum pod borer (9.92%) and pod fly damage (5.70%) was recorded in SKNP-505 which wassignificantly higher than all the tested variety. Maximum yield was obtained in genotype SKNP-615 (1708 kg/ha) as comparedto the rest of the genotypes.

BSM 07

SCREENING OF VARIOUS CULTIVARS OF COWPEA AGAINST IMPORTANT PESTSP. S. Patel, I. S. Patel, B. Panikar and Y. RavindrababuCentre of Excellence for Research on Pulses, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrishinagar-385506 (GUJARAT)Email: prakashars251275@gmail.com

Cowpea is one of the most important arid legume crops. It suffers from various insect pests i.e. leafhopper, whitefly and spottedpod borer right from sowing and its damage continue up to harvesting of the crop. For the management of these pests, toxicinsecticides are used injudiciously by the farmers. As a result various environmental problems have been created. Resistantvariety is one of the important components to overcome these problems. Therefore, attempt was made to screen out differentcultivars of cowpea against leafhopper, whitefly and Maruca vitrata. Different cultivars of cowpea were sown at research farm ofCentre of Excellence for Research on Pulses, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar during Kharif 2010. All the cultivarswere sown under randomized block design and replicated thrice. Experimental plot was kept free from the pesticidal spraythroughout the crop season. Five plants were selected randomly from each variety and total number of leafhoppers and whiteflywere recorded from each leaf one from top, middle and bottom region of the plant at weekly interval. Total number of pods anddamaged due to Maruca vitrata were counted at the time of harvesting from five plants in each variety and on that basis per centpod damage was worked out. Fourteen genotypes of cowpea were evaluated against sucking pests and pod borer. Significantlyminimum leafhopper (2.11/leaf) population was observed in the genotype GC-0723 and it was at par with GC-3 and GC-4.Whitefly population was ranged between 1.25/leaf (GC-0723) and 3.45/leaf (GC-0502). Significantly lowest pod borer damagewas noticed in the genotype GC-0203(8.10%). The yield of cowpea varied from 895 (GC-0815) to 630 (GC-0121) Kg/ha.

BSM 08

EVALUATION OF IPM MODULE FOR MANAGEMENT OF MAJOR PESTS OFMUNGBEANB. Panickar, I. S. Patel, P. S. Patel and Y. RavindrababuCentre of Excellence for Research on Pulses, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrishinagar-385506 (Gujarat)Email: bindu.ento@gmail.com

Mungbean crop is severely affected from various insect pests right from sowing to harvesting. Among these, pod borersconsidered as major damaging insect in mungbean crop. They starts damage at initiation of flowering till pod mature. Due to

Abstracts

60

continuous use of pesticides, pod borers develop resistance to insecticides and created environmental pollutions. Therefore, it isa needed to develop the integrated pest management practices to overcome these problems. An experiment was conducted in0.05 ha area for the comparison of pod borers in IPM module and Farmers practices at Research Farm of Centre of Excellence forResearch on Pulses, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar during Kharif 2010. Observations on pod damage wererecorded at harvesting time. Yield of pigeonpea and groundnut was recorded from net plot and converted to kg/ha. AtSardarkrushinagar, IPM modules were evaluated in comparison with farmers method. Groundnut grown as intercrop in mungbean.Pod borer damage was recorded low in IPM module plot (13.6%) as compared to farmers method (28.4%). Yield of groundnut andmungbean was also recorded higher in IPM plot(1090 kg/ha). Minimum cost of plant protection was also noted in IPM block. Aseed treatment trial was conducted at research farm of Centre or Excellence for Research on Pulses, S. D. Agricultural University,Sardarkrushinagar during Kharif 2010. A total of four insecticides with their two different doses were given as a seed treatmentto cowpea seeds one day before sowing. Experiment was laid out under randomized block design with three replications. Fiveplants were observed at weekly interval in each plot to record incidence of sucking insect pest starting one week after germinationtill harvesting of crop. The population of leaf hopper and whitefly were recorded from three leaves one each from top, middle& bottom region of selected plant and mean number of leaf hoppers and white fly per leaf were recorded. The thrips populationwas counted from randomly selected five flowers on each tagged plant and mean number of thrips per flower was worked out.Blanket spray for spotted pod borer was made at 50% flowering and 2nd spray at 7 days after 1st spray.

All the seed treatments were found significantly superior over control in reducing the sucking pests in cowpea. The seedtreatment of imidacloprid 70 WS @ 5g/kg seeds (0.44/leaf) found superior in reducing the leafhopper population and it was atpar with the same treatment at 3g/kg seeds, thiomethoxam70 WS@ 5g/kg seeds and fipronil 5%SC@ 2 & 4 ml/kg seeds.However, significantly minimum population of whitefly was noticed in thiomethoxam70 WS@ 5 g/kg seeds(0.49/leaf) and wasat par with the same treatment at 3 g/kg seeds. So far thrips population concerned the lowest population was recorded inimidacloprid 70 WS @ 5g/kg seeds (2.96/flower) and it was statistically at par with all the treatment except control. Significantlyhigher grain yield was harvested from imidacloprid 70 WS @ 5g/kg seeds(870 kg/ha) and was at par with fipronil 5%SC@ 4 ml/kg seeds and imidacloprid 70 WS @ 3g/kg seeds.

BSM 09

A REPORT ON THE ASSOCIATION OF DORYLAIMID AND TYLENCHID NEMATODESWITH GUAVA AND LITCHI PLANTATIONS IN SOUTH 24-PARGANAS DISTRICT,WEST BENGAL, INDIADebabrata SenZoological Survey of India, M – Block, New Alipore, Kolkata- 700 053Email: dsen_nema@rediffmail.com

Periodical and random survey were made during 2004–2007 in most of the guava and litchi orchards in different subdivisions ofSouth 24-Parganas district, West Bengal, India having the geographical position 210 26¤-220 38¤ North Latitude and 87° 57¤-89°09¤ East Longitude to observe and to explore the occurrence and association of the nematodes belonging to the orders DorylaimidaPearse, 1936 and Tylenchida Thorne, 1949.Guava (Psidium guajava L.) and litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) are the most economicallyimportant fruit crops in this district and are grown extensively in numerous orchards with considerable high production in WestBengal. In the present study, total 31 species of Dorylaimida under 19 genera, 14 subfamilies, 10 families, 5 superfamilies and 2suborders have been observed. Out of these, one genus and 11 species were found to be new to science. Again, 2 species fromIndia, 9 species from West Bengal and 8 species from South 24-Parganas district have been recorded for the first time. 16 speciesunder 9 genera, 4 subfamilies, 4 families and 2 superfamilies under the suborder Tylenchina of the order Tylenchida were metwith. Among these, one genus and 3 species have been proposed as new. 5 species from West Bengal and another 5 species fromSouth 24-Parganas are reported for the first time. Systematic and distribution lists of the available nemic fauna have beenprovided. The present study contributes some additional and valuable information on this relatively unattended field.

BSM 10

OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF DORYLAIMID AND TYLENCHID NEMATODESOF ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDSViswa Venkat Gantait* and Debabrata SenZoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipur, Kolkata-53, West BengalEmail: v.gantait@rediffmail.com

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands comprise an actuate chain of 348 islands of varying size of an area of about 8300 sq km

Biotic Stress Management

61

between lower Burma and upper Sumatra in the eastern sector of the Bay of Bengal in 6°-14° north latitude and 90°-92° eastlongitude. The islands are very much rich with faunal diversity due to moderate temperature and moisture and also equableclimate. Nematodes represent one of the most abundant and diverse groups in the animal kingdom. The soil and plant parasiticnematodes belonging to the orders Dorylaimida and Tylenchida perform a major role in agriculture as well as in horticulture.The predatory dorylaimids regulate microbial biomass and nitrogen mineralization in the ecosystem inhabits and has a majorrole in maintaining the natural ecological balance. They also act as biological control agents. Some species are known to play asvectors in transmitting so many soil-borne bacterial, fungal as well as viral pathogens to their host plants. Plant parasiticdorylaimids and tylenchids have the direct effect and cause significant yield losses to agricultural and horticultural crops. All thenematode species (54 under the order Dorylaimida and 18 under Tylenchida) recorded so far from the islands and their distributionare being reported in the present paper.

BSM 11

EVALUATION OF PATHOGENICITY AND IN VIVO MASS PRODUCTION OFENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODESRashid Pervez1 and S. S. Ali2

1Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur - 208 024 2Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut (Kerala) – 673 012Email: rashid_pervez@rediffmail.com; ss_ali@rediffmail.com

Pathogenecity of five native entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) viz., Steinernema masoodi (Ali et al., 2005), S. seemae (Ali et al.,2005), S. mushtaqi (Pervez et al., 2009), S. carpocapsae (Weiser,1955) Wouts, Mracek, Gerdin and Bedding, 1982) and O. amsactae (Aliet al., 2011) were tested against final instars larvae of pod borer Helicoverpa armigera, legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata, tobaccocaterpillar, Spodoptera litura, blue butterfly, Lampides boeticus and red hairy caterpillar, Amsacta moorei in petri-dish at roomtemperature. The suitability of these insects for the in vivo mass production of the infective juveniles (IJs) of above tested EPNspecies were also evaluated at different temperature (20, 25, 30, 35 0C). Each EPN species against each insect tested separatelyalong with control (water only) and replicated ten times. EPN infected dead larvae of test insects were removed from the petridish and put on the White trap and kept in BOD at respective temperature for emerging IJs of EPN and harvested IJs after 15 days.The population of EPN were counted thrice under stereoscopic binocular microscope with the help of Syracuse counting dish andmean values were worked out. Among the five species of EPN, S. masoodi, S. mushtaqi and S. seemae were found most pathogenicto H. armigera, S. litura and L. boeticus as it brought about cent per cent mortality within 48 h, followed by A. moorei (72 h). Theother species of EPN, viz., S. carpocapsae and O. amsactae were the least pathogenic and killed the larvae of S. litura and H. armigerawithin 96 and 120 h, respectively, while, L. boeticus and A. moorei within 144 h. No mortality of insect was recorded in control. Nomultiplication of tested EPN species IJs was recorded at 20 and 350 C. Very poor multiplication of all tested IJs were found fromA. moorei. Maximum number of IJs yielded at 30 0C followed by 25 0C. H. armigera was found the most suitable host for the massproduction of IJs of O. amsactae, which yielded 1.2 X 105 IJs/larva, followed by S. masoodi and S. mushtaqi (1.1 and 0. 91 X 105 IJs/larva, respectively) at 30 0C. However, S. litura was the next best suitable alternate host, which produced O. amsactae and S. seemae(0.75 and 0. 61 X 105 IJs/larva, respectively). L. boeticus was the least suitable host for multiplication of IJs. The present study givesa clue for utilising a suitable EPN, its mass production potential and biological control suitability in lepidopteron insect pestsmanagement programme.

BSM 12

TOXIC EFFECT OF NEEM INSECTICIDES ON THE FITNESS OF HELICOVERPAARMIGERA (HUBNER) ON CHICKPEAM. Shafiq Ansari*, Salman Ahmad and Maher Ahmad MoriatDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India.Email: mohdsansari@yahoo.com

Three Neem based insecticides viz Neemazal (0.5% EC), Neemix (0.25% EC) and Neemarine (0.15%EC) were evaluated for theirefficacyagainst Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) on chickpea. Pods of chickpea were dipped in 15 ppm concentration of the aboveinsecticides and provided to 6th instars to feed for 24 hours. Toxic effects were studied on the next generation through the life tablemethod. Neem insecticides have significantly affected the life stages of H. armigera. The expectancy of life (ex) was increased inthe beginning and tended to decrease with the advancement of the age in both the treated and untreated control. It was highestwhen H. armigera was treated with neem oil and the lowest in the control. The survivorship (Ix) was highest at the beginning andgradually decreased with age in the treated and untreated control. It was prolonged to 46 days with the treatment of neem azalcompared to 42 days in control. The natality rate (mx) was reduced to 189 females/ female/ generation with neemix as compared

Abstracts

62

to 517 in the control. The net reproductive rate (Ro) was lowest with the treatment of neem azal (15.28 females/ female/generation) and highest in the control (94.18 females/female/generation). The lowest rm (0.0257 females/female/day) occurredwhen H. armigera treated with neemazal and highest 0.0470 in the control. Mean length of generation was significantly prolongedwith neem azal (40.5 days) as compared to control (34.8 days). Corrected generation time (ô) was highest with the treatment ofneem azal (46.0 days) and least with the neem oil (41.0 days) while it was 41.9 days in the control. H. armigera took longer time(11.6 days) to double its population with the treatment of neem azal than 6.4 days in control. Therefore, it was concluded thatneem based insecticides had caused a significant toxic effect on all the stages of H. armigera and may be fitted in IPM of H. armigeraon chickpea.

BSM 13

EFFECT OF NEEM-BASED INSECTICIDES ON THE FITNESS OF PIERIS BRASSICAE(LINN.)M. Sha?q Ansari, *Fazil Hasan and Nadeem AhmadDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, IndiaEmail: fazilento10@gmail.com

Four neem-based insecticides, Neemix® (0.25% EC @ 20 mg azadirachtin/liter), Ecozin® (3% EC @ 20 mg azadirachtin/liter),Agroneem® (0.15% EC @ 4.8 mg azadirachtin/liter) and Neem oil® (0.25% EC azadirachtin @ 20 mg azadirachtin/liter) and a non-commercial neem leaf powder, were evaluated for oviposition deterrence, antifeedant effect to larvae and toxicity to eggs andlarvae of Pieris brassicae (Linn.) on cabbage leaves in the laboratory. The concentrations tested were within the ranges ofrecommended ?eld rates. Oviposition deterrence in no-choice, two-choice and six-choice assays, was observed for all the treatments.They exhibited signi?cant (P < 0.01) oviposition deterrence on P. brassicae when compared with a non-treated control. Cabbageleaves treated with the neem-based insecticides were used as an egg-laying substrate. Numbers of eggs oviposited by P. brassicaeadults on treated cabbage leaves were signi?cantly lower than those treated with water, but no signi?cant differences weredetected among the neem insecticides. They also deterred feeding by Pieris larvae and exhibited signi?cant antifeedant effects.Larvae of P. brassicae on treated leaves stopped feeding and dropped from the leaf, resulting in no or minimal damage. Directcontact with neem-based insecticides decreased the survival of eggs. Survival of larvae fed for 9 days on leaves treated withneem-based insecticides was reduced to 51%, 49%, 48%, 24% and 18% in the Neem oil, Neemix, Agroneem, Ecozin and neem leafpowder treatments, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded from the present investigations that neem-based insecticideshad oviposition deterrence, antifeedant and toxic effect on P. brassicae.

BSM 14

EVALUATION, VALIDATION AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF IPM TECHNOLOGY INTOMATO THROUGH FARMER PARTICIPATORY APPROACHNutan Kushik and Vivek SharmaThe Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi (India)

Tomato IPM module was evaluated in farmer participatory approach in Western Uttar Pradesh during 2008-09 and large scalevalidation trials were conducted in 2010. The components of IPM technology consisted with soil treatment by de oiled Neemcake @ 250 kg/ ha, seed treatment with Trichodermaviridae+ Pseudomonas florescence @ 5g/kg each, installation of yellow stickytraps @ 30/ ha, installation of pheromone traps for monitoring and mass trapping of Helicoverpa armigera @ 20 /ha, handcollection and destruction of fruit borer infected fruits and larvae, 2 sprays of NPV-H at 40 and 50 DAT, 3 sprays of Neemformulation at 15, 25 and 45 DAT, one spray of Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki at 65 DAT and two spray of Beauveria bassianaat30 and 55 DAT. 1-2 sprays of safe chemical pesticide was reduced tomato insect pest population, minimize yield losses andincrease yield. Adoption of IPM resulted reduction of chemical pesticides spray to 1-2 from 13-14 in control farm and with higheraverage yield 33000 kg /ha in IPM as compared to 18500 kg/ha in control co farm.

Biotic Stress Management

63

BSM 15

EFFECTS OF NEEM BASED INSECTICIDES ON THE FITNESS OF PLUTELLAXYLOSTELLA (LINN)Nadeem Ahmad, M. Shafiq Ansari* and Fazil HasanDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (202002)Email: mohdsansari@yahoo.com

Three neem-based insecticides viz. Neemazal®T/S (1% Azadirachtin), Neemix® (0.25% Azadirachtin) and Neemexcel® (0.15%Azadirachtin) were evaluated for developmental and population growth parameters, pupal weight and duration and nutritionalindices of Plutella xylostella on cauliflower leaves. The concentrations tested were 5, 10, 15 and 20ppm. The highest concentration(20ppm) of all three neem insecticides was significantly affected the fitness parameters of P. xylostella when compared withlowest concentration (5 and 10ppm) and control. However, these differences were not significant when compared with 15ppmconcentration of neem insecticides. Further comparisons were made within the neem insecticides and it was proved thatneemazal was the most effective among all three neem insecticides tested. Results showed that developmental time wasconcentration dependent on all neem insecticides. Neemazal significantly prolonged the developmental time at higherconcentration when compared with other neem insecticides and control. Neemazal was significantly affected the biologicalparameters and reduced the weight of pupa at 15 and 20ppm concentration which could be explained by reduced consumptionand utilization of food. In this way 15ppm concentration of neemazal has proven effective for the fitness of P. xylostella. Therefore,this recommendation could be utilize in IPM program of P. xylostella on cauliflower crop ecosystem.

BSM 16

STUDY ON EFFICACY OF DIFFERENT FUNGICIDES AGAINST EARLY BLIGHT OFPOTATO CAUSED BY ALTERNARIA SOLANI.Silberth Ch. Sangma, Abhilasha A. Lal, Awneesh Kumar Sahu, Arjune Ryngkhlem and Ramesh K. MishraDepartment of Plant Protection, Allahabad School of Agriculture, SHIATS, Allahabad-211007, Uttar Pradesh, India.Email: awneeshsahu44@gmail.com

Epidemics of early blight, white mold, black dot, and gray mold all caused problems to varying degrees of potato production.Early blight of potato caused by Alternaria solani is one of the important constraints in cultivation of potato and can causesignificant economic damage to the crop if not adequately controlled. Management of all these diseases requires an integratedapproach utilizing fungicides and sound agronomic practices that favor the development of a healthy crop. Foliar fungicides aretools that can be used to help manage these diseases. An experiment was carried out during rabi 2010 at Central Research Farm,Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with threereplications. Five fungicidal treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5) were used during the investigation viz. (T1) Mancozeb (3.6 g/litre), (T2)Copper oxychloride (2.7 g/litre), (T3) Carbendazim (3.2 g/litre), (T4) Chlorothalonil (3.6 g/litre) and (T5) Blitox (2.7 g/litre) andControl (T0). Effect of fungicides on mean disease intensity (%) was recorded at 75, 90 and 105 Days after sowing (DAS). Earlyblight intensity recorded at 75 DAS revealed that treatment T1 -Mancozeb (9.24) showed the most effective fungicidal controlagainst early blight, followed by T3 - Carbendazim (13.87), T5 -Blitox (14.30), T4- Chlorothalonil (14.33), T2- Copper oxychloride(16.13) and T0- Control (19.40).Observation taken at 90 DAS showed that treatment T1 -Mancozeb (18.93) showed the mosteffective fungicidal control against early blight, followed by T3 - Carbendazim (23.13), T4- Chlorothalonil (24.50), T5 -Blitox(24.87), T2- Copper oxychloride (24.93) and T0- Control (30.05). Reading recorded at 105 Days after sowing (DAS) revealed thattreatment T1 -Mancozeb (27.70) again showed to be the most effective fungicidal control against early blight, followed by T3 -Carbendazim (30.93), T2- Copper oxychloride (31.38), T4- Chlorothalonil (32.37), T5 -Blitox (32.84) and T0- Control (40.27).

BSM 17

OVIPOSITION, FEEDING AND LARVAL SURVIVAL OF PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA (L.)ON BRASSICA HOSTS2Nazrussalam, M. Shafiq Ansari1 and Tufail Ahmad1

1Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002,2ZRS, Darisai, Barakhurshi, East Singhbhum-832304 (Jharkhand)

Oviposition behaviour of Plutella xylostella was studied on six varieties of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) i.e. DiamondExpress, Hybrid-1080, F1 Deepti, Field Man, Golden Acre and Cabbage-NS-25 and three varieties of Indian mustard (B. juncea) i.e.

Abstracts

64

Pusa Bold, Varuna and Pusa Bahar under choice and no-choice tests of 2007-08 and 2008-09 under protected field condition.Female of P. xylostella significantly preferred to oviposit on cabbage as compared to Indian mustard in both choice and no-choicetests. While, Diamond Express of cabbage was more preferred host than that of Hybrid-1080, Golden Acre, F1-Deepti and FieldMan in both choice and no-choice tests. Among the Indian mustard, Pusa Bold was more preferred over Varuna and Pusa Baharin both choice and no-choice tests. Feeding behaviour of P. xylostella larva was significantly/non significantly differed oncabbage and Indian mustard. Highest leaf area consumed by the larva of P. xylostella was i.e. 15.05, 15.77 cm2 and 14.97, 15.94 cm2

and the lowest i.e. 6.21, 7.59 cm2 and 6.03, 8.83 cm2 on Diamond Express and Field Man in both choice and no-choice tests during2007-08 and 2008-09, respectively. Diamond Express is highly preferred/susceptible variety of cabbage for P. xylostella followedby Hybrid-1080, Cabbage-NS-25, Golden Acre, F1-Deepti and Field Man. Larval survival was found to be highest i.e. 80.58 and82.76 percent on Diamond Express and smallest on Pusa Bahar i.e. 30.84 and 47.76 percent in 2007-08 in both choice and no-choicetests, respectively. Whereas, insignificant difference was obtained in 2008-09. Larval survival of P. xylostella is considerablyaffected by Brassica hosts at 10°, 15°, 20°, 25° and 30°C. Survival was highest on Diamond Express and the lowest on Field Man oncabbage at all temperatures tested. Larval survival was smaller (12.88 percent) on Pusa Bahar than that of Varuna and Pusa Boldat 10°C. Survival was higher at 20°C on cabbage and Indian mustard varieties than to other temperatures.

BSM 18

EVALUATION OF FUNGICIDES, KRESOXIM METHYL 15% AND CHLOROTHALONIL56% AGAINST ALTERNARIA SOLANI OF POTATOArjune Ryngkhlem*, Sobita Simon, Ramesh Mishra and Awneesh K. SahuDepartment of Plant Protection, Allahabad School of Agriculture, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technologyand Sciences, Deemed-to-be-University, Allahabad - 21107

Potato plants are attacked by several plant pathogens causing serious diseases during the growth stage, which accounts forapproximately 19% of the crop lost. Early blight of potato, caused by Alternaria solani poses a significant risk to crop productivityin the field and to tuber quality in storage. Early blight is one of the major foliar diseases in our country. The proposedinvestigation entitled “Evaluation of fungicides (Kresoxim methyl 15% and Chlorothalonil 56%) against Alternaria solani ofpotato” was carried out at Central Research Farm, Department of Plant Protection, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture,Technology and Sciences Allahabad. The crop was planted during rabi 2010 in randomized block design (RBD) with threereplication. Seven fungicidal treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7) and control were used during the investigation viz. Treatment (T1)Kresoxim methyl 15% + Chlorothalonil 56% @ 0.75 kg/ha, (T2) Kresoxim methyl 15% + Chlorothalonil 56% @ 1 kg/ha, (T3)Kresoxim methyl 15% + Chlorothalonil 56% @ 2 kg/ha , (T4) Kresoxim methyl 15% + Chlorothalonil 56% @ 4 kg/ha , (T5)Kresoxim methyl 15% @ 0.75 kg/ha , (T6) Kresoxim methyl 15% @ 1 kg/ha , (T7) Chlorothalonil 56% @ 0.75 g/ha. Effect offungicides on mean disease intensity (%) and their corresponding yield (q/ha) was recorded at 75, 90 and 105 Days after sowing(DAS).The experimental results from the observation taken on minimum disease intensity (%) revealed that treatment (T4)Kresoxim methyl 15% + Chlorothalonil 56% @ 4 kg/ha, (16.46 ) showed the least disease intensity followed by (T3) Kresoximmethyl 15% + Chlorothalonil 56% @ 2 kg/ha, (18.31) and (T2) Kresoxim methyl 15% + Chlorothalonil 56% @ 1 kg/ha (20.37).Themaximum yield (q/ha) was recorded in treatment (T4) Kresoxim methyl 15% + Chlorothalonil 56% @ 4 kg/ha (110.00 q/ha)followed by (T3) Kresoxim methyl 15% + Chlorothalonil 56% @ 2 kg/ha (106.67 q/ha) and (T2) Kresoxim methyl 15% +Chlorothalonil 56% @ 1 kg/ha (103.89 q/ha).

BSM 19

EFFICACY OF HERBICIDES FOR CONTROLLING WEEDS IN DIRECT SEEDED RICER.A.Yadav, Naushad Khan, R. N. Dixit and Prakash YadavDepartment of Agronomy, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur-208002 (UP)

A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2010-11 under All India Coordinated Research project on weed controlrunning under this university to evaluate suitable herbicides/herbicide mixtures for weed control in direct seeded rice. Thirteentreatment consisting pyrazosulfuron (25g/ja), pretilachlor-s (750g/ha). Cyhalofop butyl (90g/ha), fenoxaprop (60g/ha), cyhalofopbutyl + almix (90+20g/ha), fenoxaprop + almix (60+20g/ha), azimsulfuron (35g/ha), bispyribac sodium (25g/ha), fenoxaprop +ethoxysulfuron (60+15g/ha), oxyflurfen + 2, 4-D (300+500g/ha), hand weeding twice (20 and 40 days after sowing) and weedyplots were assigned in Randomized Block Design replicated thrice. All treatments resulted significantly reduction in totaldensity and dry matter of weeds. Cyhalofop butyl and almix (90+20g/ha) proved most effective in arresting population (6.28/m2) and dry matter of weeds (9.53g/m2) which was comparable with bispyribac sodium (25g/ha). There was tremendousreduction in grain yield of rice due to uncontrolled weeds. Grain yield under weedy condition was significantly less than all

Biotic Stress Management

65

other treatments. The significantly higher yield (34.32q/ha) achieved with the application of cyhalofop butyl + almix (90g + 20g/ha) followed by with the application of bispyribac (25g/ha) (32.21q/ha) and minimum was recoreded under weedy plot (12.50q/ha).

BSM 20

IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY OF TRICHODERMA SPECIESAGAINST FUSARIUM SOLANI CAUSING BRINJAL WILTEnespa and S.K. DwivediDepartment of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (A Central) University, Lucknow-226025, U. P. India.Email: enespasingh@gmail.com

In vitro antagonistic activity of two species of Trichoderma i.e. T. Konigii and T. viride was assessed at three concentrations i.e. 25,50 and 75% by poisoned food technique against Fusarium solani causing wilt disease in brinjal. The test bioagents were isolatedfrom the healthy brinjal fields. Data revealed that both the test antagonists effectively suppressed the mycelail growth of thepathogen. In culture, the test antagonists grew faster than the pathogen and produced inhibition zones there by limiting thegrowth of the pathogen. Among the bioagents, T. koningii showed the highest percentage inhibition (64.57%) followed by T.viride (64.14%) at 75% concentration.

BSM 21

INDUCTION OF RESISTANCE AGAINST HADDA BEETLE, HENOSEPILACHNAVIGINTIOCTOPUNCTATA FAB., IN BRINJAL THROUGH ORGANIC AMENDMENTS.Muntaha Qamar, Masarrat Haseeb and Deepak Kumar SharmaDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh.Email: masarrat_h@yahoo.co.in,

Importance of organic farming system is being slowly realized at the global level owing to the loss of natural resources viz.,land, water and biodiversity and subsequent impact on food security, besides, production of quality produce for export as perWTO regime. Indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, weedicides etc. over four decades has adversely affected thesoil fertility, productivity and quality of the produce. To overcome these problems, the use of organic farming as alternatepractice has to be further strengthened to make agriculture more sustainable in India. In view, the present study was carried outin the experimental field of Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, A.M.U., Aligarh, during the year 2011, to assess various eco-friendlymeasures to control hadda beetle damage in brinjal. The observations were recorded at ten days interval commencing from 15th

to 75th DAT by calculating per cent leaf damage from ten randomly selected plants / plot (3 x 2.5m2) in Randomized block designhaving 13 treatments with three replications. Farm Yard Manure, Biofertilizer, Poultry manure, Neem cake and Mahua cakewere used as organic sources of nutrients for the management of beetle damage in brinjal. From the study conducted, thetreatment involving the application of FYM (12.5t/ha) + Azophos (2kg/ha) + Neem cake (800kg/ha) and need based foliarapplication of Neem oil 3% recorded highest (82.22%) per cent reduction of beetle infestation over NPK as inorganic form. Thehighest fruit yield of (169.8 q/ha) was also noticed in the promising treatment. 154

BSM 22

STATUS OF ANTHRACNOSE DISEASE OF DOLICHOS BEAN CAUSED BYCOLLETOTRICHUM LINDEMUTHIANUM (SACC & MAGNUS) IN SOUTHERNKARNATAKAManjunath, B1., Nagaraju 1, Byre Gowda2, M., Ramappa, H.K2., Veerakumar, G.N2., Pramila, C.K.2 and Pavithravani, B.V.2

1Department of Plant Pathology, UA S, GKVK, Bangalore 560 065, Karnataka2 AICRP on Pigeonpea, Zonal Agricultural Research Station, UA S, GKVK, Bangalore 560 065, Karnataka

Dolichos bean, Lablab purpureus L. (Sweet) is an ancient legume crop widely grown throughout the world for its vegetable orpulse for human consumption or as animal forage or feed. Anthracnose in dolichos bean caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum(Sacc. & Magnus) is the most widespread and destructive disease. The disease is prevalent in Dolichos bean growing areas of

Abstracts

66

Karnataka and is considered as a limiting biotic factor for successful cultivation. In the present study, different cultivars ofdolichos bean were used and an intensive roving survey for anthracnose of dolichos bean was carried out during kharif 2010 and2011 in major dolichos bean growing areas of southern Karnataka to get precise information on the distribution and intensity ofthe disease. The data on survey revealed that the anthracnose severity varied from locality to locality. The average diseaseseverity varied in various locations in different districts owing to varied agro-climatic conditions and also different cultivarsused. In Southern Karnataka, the disease severity was found more in Mysore district (45.23%) followed by Chamarajanagar(38.12%) and Mandya (32.59%) and the least in Ramanagaram district with 23.86 per cent.

BSM 23

HOST PLANT DEPENDENT CHANGES IN FOOD UTILIZATION PATTERN AND LIFE-CYCLE TRAITS OF DEFOLIATING LOOPER PEST OF TEA, HYPOSIDRA TALACA(WALKER, 1860) (LEPIDOPTERA: GEOMETRIDAE)Anjali Km. Prasad1, Soma Das and Ananda Mukhopadhyay2

Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, P.O. North Bengal University, Darjeeling734013, West BengalE-mail: anjalipd10@gmail.com1; am_nbu@yahoo.co.

Hyposidra talaca has proved in recent past to be a dominating defoliating pest causing heavy damage and recurring crop loss in thesub-Himalayan tea plantations (Camellia sinensis) of North Bengal. In many tea sub-districts, the loopers are difficult to managedue to its constant influx from the alternate sylvan hosts such as Schiima wallichi. In view of the above warranting situation, athorough understanding of their nutritional requirement vis-à-vis performance on different hosts is essential for managementof this pest. Effects of natural hosts viz., C. sinensis and S. wallichi on nutritional indices and life cycle traits of the species werereflected through a shorter development period, higher growth rate, lower maintenance cost and higher productive index in theformer host. Based on these parameters it appears that the tea leaves are better exploited and utilized by H. talaca than that of S.wallichi. Nevertheless, as the pest species could complete its life cycle on S. wallichi, it’s survival in wild is quite possible. Undersuch a situation invasion of tea by the lepidopteran species, H. talaca from forest plant source is quite a possibility

BSM 24

CHARACTERIZING AND TESTING BIOCONTROL POTENTIAL OF TWO BACILLUSSTRAINS ISOLATED FROM THE TEA DEFOLIATING PEST, ARCTORNISSUBMARGINATA(WALKER) (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE).Sangita Khewa (Subba)1 and Ananda Mukhopadhyay2

Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, P.O.- NBU, Dist: Darjeeling (W.B.),Pin. No. 734 013E-mail: sangita.khewa@yahoo.com1; am_nbu@yahoo.co.in2

Two strains of Bacillus were isolated from the diseased caterpillars of Arctornis submarginata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae),a defoliator of tea crop from Darjeeling Terai region. Biochemical characteristics of Bacillus strain Arc02 showed positive reactionin lysine utilization, ornithin utilization, Citrate utilization, malonate utilization, esculin hydrolysis, rhamnose, cellobiose,raffinose and glucose utilization while Arc03 strain showed positive reaction in nitrate reduction, H2S production, V-P test,esculin hydrolysis and utilization of citrate, saccharose, trehalose and glucose. Studies on SDS-PAGE of crystal protein of of Arc02 showed four major protein bands with the molecular weights 117.32 kDa, 75.14 kDa ,55.97 kDa and 39.15 kDa, while the profileof four protein bands of Arc03 showed 122.7 kDa, 85.8 kDa, 50.3 kDa and 46.84 kDa bands. The LC50 value was of Arc02 was foundto be 796.22µg/ml compared to 342µg/ml as the LC50 value of Arc03. Based on LC50 value the latter strain (Arc03) apprears to bemore toxic with a higher biocontrol potential as a microbial pesticide against A.submarginata.

Biotic Stress Management

67

BSM 25

NATURAL (TEA) AND SEMI-SYNTHETIC DIET-BASED REARING OF THEDEFOLIATING LOOPER PEST, HYPOSIDRA TALACA: ITS UTILITY IN PESTMANAGEMENTAnanda Mukhopadhyay1 and Anjali Km. Prasad2

Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of North Bengal, P.O. North Bengal University,Darjeeling 734013, West Bengal,E-mail: am_nbu@yahoo.co.in1; anjalipd10@gmail.com2

Natural diet based on leaves of host plant may be a classical approach for mass rearing of a folivore species but with somedisadvantages. The availability, quality and sterility (disease free) may not ensure in natural diet. So, artificial diet based rearingof a pest is one of the pre-requisites for undertaking various studies such as testing virulence of microbials, synthetic insecticidesand mass production of bioagents. In North East India, the Terai- Dooars tea plantation at the foothills of Darjeeling is severelyinfested by looper caterpillars of Hyposidra talaca Walker (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). The life- cycle traits of H. talaca werestudied on a newly formulated artificial diet as well as on natural diet (tea leaf). H. talaca showed good performance on artificialdiet with better survivability, higher fecundity, increased adult emergence and shorter developmental period (egg to adult)when compared to that on tea leaves. Food consumption and utilization study of the 5th instar larva showed low maintenancecost (MC) and high production index (PI) on the artificial diet than that on tea-leaf diet. The present study reveals that the newlyformulated artificial diet is adequate for rearing and maintaining laboratory-based culture of H. talaca.

BSM 26

RESISTANT SOURCES AGAINST FUSARIUM WILT IN CHICKPEA GROWN UNDERNORMAL AND HEAT STRESS ENVIRONMENTAnita Babbar, Rashmi Thakur, Shailendra Singh Yadav, Vijay Prakash and Suneeta PandeyDepartment of Plant Breeding and Genetics, JNKVV, Jabalpur 482004

Chickpea is the world’s third most important food legume. MP, UP, Maharashtra and Rajasthan are the major chickpea growingstates in India sharing 85% area. It is an important post rainy season crop of MP, produces the major share 40% with 1072 kg/haproductivity. The major constraints of successful cultivation of chickpea is the soil born disease. Wilt caused by Fusariumoxysporium f. sp. ciceri, occurs in seedling to flowering/podding stage. High temperature at the time of pod/seed developingstage also affect the yield, size of the seed, duration and reaction to the diseases. Therefore, the best and most effective option isto search the sources of host plant resistant in the management of this disease. Considering this fact, 80 genotypes including, 69desi and 11 kabuli were screened for vascular wilt in the field grown under normal and late (heat stress) environments during2010-11 at JNKVV, Jabalpur. The reaction of tested genotypes against Fusarium wilt disease was recorded on 1-9 scale. Sixty andfifty three genotypes found resistant to wilt in normal planting and in late planting, respectively. The promising high yielding,wilt resistant entries were ICC14402, ICCV06301, ICC16216 ,ICCV07105, ICC8474 ICCV07109, ICC4958 in heat stress environmentwhereas, ICCV07105, ICC15888, JG16, ICCV07118, ICC1483, JAKI9218, ICC148, ICC4958 in normal planting. The two highyielding lines viz., ICC4958 and ICCV07105 showed consistent resistant reaction to wilt in both environments. These entries canbe utilized in the breeding programme under heat stress environment as a resistant source of Fusarium wilt.

BSM 27

FORMULATION OF BIOCONTROL AGENTS FOR PREVENTION OF CONTAMINATIONIN FOOD CROPS BY PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGIMahboob Ahmad1, Malik M. Ahmad2, Rifat Hamid1, M. Z. Abdin2 and Saleem Javed1

1Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Lab, Dept. of Biochemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062, 2Centre forTransgenic Plant Development, Dept. of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110062Email: saleemjaved70@yahoo.co.in

The mould contamination of foods/feeds, particularly with mycotoxin-producing fungi is a cosmopolitan problem. However,in the developing countries like India, where pre-and post-harvest conditions are favorable for fungal growth and mycotoxin

Abstracts

68

production, much of the population relies on farming or on unregulated local markets. Approximately 25% of the world cropsare affected by mycotoxins annually, causing tremendous yield and economic losses. Current agricultural practices emphasizeson environmental sustainability by limiting the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides. In that course, soil bio-amendmentsoffer promising alternatives in minimizing the deleterious effects of chemical fertilizers besides doing their regular job.Encapsulation of living cells in polymeric gel is a well established technology in a broad and increasing range of differentapplications. The gel-like matrix allows the cells to remain viable and with its catalytic ability for longer duration againstphytopathogenic fungus.

The main objective of this study was to isolate the potential antagonistic microbes against pathogenic fungus and to immobilizethem as biocontrol agent within the alginate beads. A soil bacterium was isolated from rhizospheric area of peanut plant whichshowed antifungal activity against the Aspergillus flavus species. Molecular characterization confirmed the identity of bacteriumas Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolate SJ602 while chitinase production assay affirmed the antifungal activity. Therefore, amethod of batch fermentation of immobilized bacterial cells was developed to enhance its secretion and to increase the bacterialshelf-life. Optimization of conditions suggested the alginate concentration of 4% at a pH range of 6.0-7.0 and temperature of 370C are the best for achieving maximum antagonistic activity of immobilized cells. Amendment of alginate with 5% skimmedmilk powder added greater stability, and also maintained the viability of bacterial cells inside the entrapped alginate beads.Thus, the alginate encapsulation resulted as nutrient source for maintaining the critical biomass with enhanced stability duringlong term storage at ambient temperature for providing a longer shelf-life.

BSM 28

EVALUATION OF NEEM BASED FORMULATIONS AGAINST BUD FLY, (DASYNEURALINI BARNES) IN LINSEEDR. K. Pal, K. Shanker and K. DwivediDepartment of Entomology, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur- 208002 (Uttar Pradesh), IndiaEmail: rpal09@rediffmail.com

Experiment on neem based formulations viz., Neem leaf extract @ 2 and 5 %, Neem seed kernel extract @ 2 and 5 %, Neem seedextract @ 2 and 5 %, Neem seed coat extract @ 2 and 5 % along with commercial neem formulation, Nimbicidine @ 0.5 % wascarried out to test the efficacy of these botanicals against bud fly on linseed cv. Neelum. Results revealed that Nimbicidine @ 0.5% and Neem seed extract @ 5 % gave significant lowest incidence of bud fly i.e. 13.8, 18.2 per cent followed by higher per centreduction 72.5 and 63.7, respectively over control. The highest yield (1176.2 kg/ha) was obtained in Nimbicidine @ 0.5 % treatedplots followed by Neem seed extract @ 5 % (1080.8 kg/ ha)

BSM 29

ROLE OF ORGANIC AMENDMENTS IN CUCURBIT CROPS FOR MANAGEMENT OFROOT KNOT NEMATODEKusum Dwivedi, Kripa shanker and R.K. PalDepartment of Entomology,C.S.A.University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, U.P.E mail: k1dwivedi@yahoo.com

During survey of vegetable crops it has been observed that root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica adverselyaffect the cultivation of cucurbit crops in fields. To manage the nematode problem in a safer way, an experiment was conductedin Kharif 2010 with bittergourd. Five treatments i.e., Neem cake@ 30g/plant, castor cake@30g/plant, Jatropha cake @30g/plant,cabofuran(3G)@ 10g/plant ( treated check) and untreated control were applied. Organic amendments were applied 10 days priorto sowing and carbofuran at the time of sowing. Experiment results revealed that all the treatments improved the germination%, reduced the root knot index and increased the yield. Neem cake @30g/plant was best in all respect for germination(93.2%),reducing root knot index(2.5) increasing yield(100.2q/ha) and ICBR was 1:3.7

Biotic Stress Management

69

BSM 30

REACTION OF COTTON GERMPLASMS/CULTURES UNDER ARTIFICIALEPIPHYTOTIC CONDITIONS OF INOCULATION AGAINST ALTERNARIA ALTERNATA(FRIES), KEISSLERParul Trivedi (Mishra)Deptt. of Botany, D.G..P.G College, Kanpur

Fifteen germplasm/cultures, of cotton were screened under artificial conditions of inoculation for their reaction to pathogenduring kharif season. For this study, the seeds of different cultures were used. The disease intensity was recorded and it wasfound that maximum disease intensity of 28.73 % was observed in PRT-45 followed by 28.35 % in LD-380 and 24.57% in khandwa-2 while minim. 23.49% was recorded in PRT-10.

BSM 31

TARGETING INFLAMMATORY PATHWAYS BY BACOPA MONNIERI LEAF EXTRACTFOR PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF CANCERChhaya Pandey1*, Prakash Tiwari1 and Rashmi Arnold2

1. School of Environmental Biology, A.P.S.U. Rewa - 486003, (M.P.) India. 2. Department of Botany, Govt. Model Sc. College,Rewa - 486001, (M.P.) India.Email: pandey.chhaya589@gmail.com

Bacopa monnieri L. Penn. commonly known as “Brahmi” is an important medicinal herb of the family Scrophulariaceae. It is theforemost brain tonic herb of the Indian System of Medicine and other traditional systems, used primarily as a nerve tonic, to treatinsomnia and nervous tension. Recent research has been focused primarily on Bacopa’s anti-inflammatory effects. Surprisingly,these claims are not well supported by adequate studies, and the molecular mechanisms of its action remain largely unexploredto date. We undertook a study to identify and characterize the anti-inflammatory activity of the topical application of Bacopamonnieri leaf extract on 7,12- dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)- and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol- 13-acetate (TPA)-inducedskin papillomas in swiss albino mice. Result showed that topical applications of the leaf extract prior to TPA treatment in DMBA-initiated mouse skin resulted in a significant reduction in NF-kappaB and STAT3 expression both in mRNA and protein level.Our results thus suggest that Bacopa monnieri leaf extract has potential lead compound for developing new anti-inflammatorydrug.

BSM 32

FIELD EVALUATION OF PIGEONPEA GENOTYPES FOR IDENITIFICATION OFREISTANCE SOURCE TO PIGEONPEA STERILITY MOSAIC DISEASEMary Reena, G.A., Byre Gowda, M., Ramappa, H.K., Manjunath, B. and Veerakumar, G.N.AICRP on Pigeonpea, ZARS, UAS, GKVK, Bangalore-560 065Email: reena.amarnathan@gmail.com

Pigeonpea is the second most important grain legume in India. The crop suffers from several diseases such as sterility mosaicdisease, wilt, and phytophthora blight. Among them sterility mosaic disease (SMD) is considered to be the most importantdisease of pigeonpea and major threat to pigeonpea production in India The disease induces sterility(Cessation of flowerproduction) and mosaic symptoms on leaves. The eriophyid mite Aceria cajani transmits the causal virus. Two hundred and thirtythree pigeonpea germplasm lines were screened artificially to sterility mosaic disease under field condition during 2009-2010kharif. Among them ICP 9871 showed resistance, seven lines viz., ICP7736, ICP 7765, ICP 7817, ICP 9775, ICP 9799, ICP 9868, andICP 10774 were moderately suceptible and 225 lines were highly susceptible to SMD.

Abstracts

70

BSM 33

EVALUATION OF DOLICHOS BEAN GENOTYPES FOR RESISTANCE TOANTHRACNOSE (COLLETOTRICHUM LINDEMUTHIANUM) (SACC AND MAGN.)SCRIBERRajesha, G1., Mantur, S.G.1, Mary Reena, G.A.2 and Byre Gowda, M.2

1Department of Plant Pathology, UAS, GKVK, Bangalore- 560 065, 2 AICRP on Pigeonpea, ZARS, UAS, GKVK,Bangalore-560 065Email: reena.amar nathan@gmail.com

Dolichos bean is an important pulse-cum-vegetable crop. The crop is affected by many fungal diseases viz., anthracnose, earlyblight, root and stem rot, powdery mildew and rust. Among them anthracnose is an important disease present throughout theworld but severe in tropical and subtropical regions. Bean anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum (Sacc and Magn.)Scriber affects all plant parts viz., stem, pods and seeds. One hundred and ninety five germplasm lines of dolichos bean werescreened under field condition for identification of resistance source to anthracnose. Among the genotypes screened for diseaseresistance, 9 genotypes viz., GLB3, GLB 4, GLB 8, GLB 9, GLB 11, GLB 19, GLB 60 GLB 166 and GLB 167 were found immune, 48 wereresistant, 83 were moderately resistant, 51 were moderately susceptible, 4 susceptible, but none of the genotype came underhighly susceptible category.

BSM 34

INFECTION OF COLLETOTRICHUM SPP. ON DIVERSITY OF VEGETATION INGANGETIC PLAINS1Priti Singh, 2Hamid Ali Khan1 Department of Botany, S.N. Sen B.V. PG College, Kanpur, 2 Tilak Degree College, Auriya

The isolates of Colletotrichum lagenarium, C. gloeosporoides and C. dematium were tested on 52 cucurbitaceous plants. C. lagenariumwas infectious on all cucurbits viz. bottle gourd, sponge gourd, ghia tori, kali tori, bitter gourd, squash gourd, water melon, ashgourd, pointed gourd, pumpkin, kaddu, musk melon, kundru and cucumber etc. and all of them had spots of anthracnose disease.Most of cucurbits were also infected by C. glocosporoides excluding watermelon and kali tori. However C. dematium did not infectthe cucurbits except bottle gourd, watermelon, pumpkin and kaddu. Meanwhile C. gloeosporoides infection was seen on all 38 noncucurbitaceous plants of different families including Anacardiaceae, Apocyanaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositeae, Crucifereae,Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, Myrtaceae, Papilionaceae, Pedaliaceae, Poaceae, Rhamnaceae, Solanaceae and Umbellifercae. Theinfection of C. dematium was confind mustard, cauliflower and cabbage of family Crucifereae; groundnut, pegion pea, chickpea,bean, soybean and green bean of family Papilionaceae; ladies finger and cotton of family Malvaceae; sesamum of familyPedaliaceae; chilli, brinjal, makoi, potato,and tomato of family Solanaceae; pedilanthes, castorbean, ratalu, euphorbia and rubberof family Euphorbiaceae; sarpgandha of family Apocyanaceae; ber of family Rhamnaceae; mango of family Anacardaceae and guavaof family Myrtaceae.

BSM 35

EFFECT OF NEEMAZAL ON THE DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRAMMING OF THE COTTONPEST, EARIAS VITTELLA FAB. (LEPIDOPTERA)Ajad K. Bhardwaj1 and Badre Alam Ansari2

1Department of Zoology, K.N. Govt. P.G. College, Gyanpur, Sant Ravidas Nagar, Bhadohi - 221 304 (U.P.), India 2ZebrafishLaboratory, Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur - 273 009 (U.P.), IndiaE-mail: ba.ansari@rediffmail.com

Cotton is the most important fibre crop of India and it plays a dominant role in its agrarian and industrial economy. It is thebackbone of our textile industry, accounting for 70% of total fibre consumption in textile sector. But India ranks fourth in theyield because cotton is attacked by a large number of insect pests in different stages of its growth and is one of the main reasonsfor the low yield in this crop. One of the very common and notorious members of this destructive group of individuals is Eariasvittella, commonly known as the spotted bollworm. Organic pesticides are frequently used on crops and animals in the integrated

Biotic Stress Management

71

form for the eradication of the pests, mites and weeds to increase the crop production. These pesticides adversely affect the non-target organisms including human. Natural pesticides are available as alternatives to synthetic chemical formulations. Theobjective of this study was to evaluate the influence of Neemazal, a neem formulation, on the developmental programming ofthe E. vittella. Adults in sufficient number were anesthetized with ether and treated on the ventral thorax and abdomen with 0.70,1.10, 1.50 and 1.90 µg/insect of Neemazal T/S diluted in acetone. After continuous exposure of pesticide, six males and sixfemales were selected for each batch and allowed to breed to observe the fecundity, hatchability and survival. The study showeda significant (P<0.001) reduction in the fecundity, hatchability and adult emergence. It was observed that fecundity was reducedto 76% of the control (100%) at the dose of 0.70 µg/insect of Neemazal. The maximum reduction in the eggs count was observedto be 49% of the control (100%). There was 84% hatching and 66% emergence of the adult after 0.70 µg/insect treatment. Thehatching in the eggs of the highest treated insects (1.90 µg/insect), was 44% and the emergence was recorded to be only 31% ofthe 300 eggs (100%). From result it is evident that the hatching and the adult emergence was dose-dependent. It is concluded thatalthough natural pesticides are being considered as less toxic, but it affects the development of E. vittella at a continuous exposureof the pesticide and can be used as alternative to the organic pesticides. Further, there is a need for a wider comparative surveyof the study of insect development in biochemical terms.

BSM 36

SCREENING OF BASMATI RICE VARIETIES AGAINST M.ORYZAE PATHOGENGaurav Kumar, Subhashish Sarkhel, Rajashekara H., U.D. Singh and Suneeta PandeyDivision of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012

Rice is the principal food crop for nearly 2.7 billion people of world’s population. India is one of the largest rice growingcountries in the world. Rice is affected by many diseases caused by fungi, bacteria and viruses. Among these diseases and pests,rice blast is the most damaging disease to Basmati rice. Hence, keeping this in view, an attempt has been made in IARI, NewDelhi in 2009, for analyzing the virulence pattern of rice blast isolates infecting basmati varieties. A great variation in thevirulence pattern of M. oryzae according to their compatibility with blast resistance was observed among the rice blast isolatescollected from Basmati varieties. The isolates were categorized into different groups based on their reaction on monogenicdifferential set. The matching virulence appropriate to all R-genes was observed in the pathogen population. Out of twenty fiverice blast isolates obtained from Basmati varieties, Mawana isolate was found to be extremely virulent. It severely infected 83%of the monogenic lines, i.e. 20 R-genes out of 24 were found to be compatible with this isolate. With regard to virulence patternof other isolates, M. oryzae from Dehradoon and Hisar were found to be highly virulent on 19 R-genes of monogenic lines.Remaining isolates possessed varying degree of virulence on monogenic differential set. The highest degree of resistance i.e., 80% was recorded on Pi-z. Pi-3, Pi-km, Pi-19 and Pi-7(t) had the minimum resistance level of only 8-12%. Monogenic line with Pi-20was found to be highly susceptible to all of the test isolates.Considering the resistance spectrum of various R-genes, a combinationof Pi-z with Pi-ta2 and Pi-zt appears to exclude entire pathogen population.

BSM 37

STUDIES ON VARIED THERMAL GRADIENTS INFLUENCING VIRULENCE OFSTEINERNEMA MEERUTENSIS N. SP. (NEMATODA: STEINERNMATIDAE)A.K. Chaubey, Chhavi Kaushik and Tanu VatsNematology Laboratory, Department of Zoology CCSUniversity, Meerut-250005E-mail: akc.nema@gmail.com

A study was conducted to assess the influence of 5 thermal gradients (5, 15, 25, 35 & 450C) on the host mortality and penetrationof infective juveniles (IJs) of Steinernema meerutensis (n. sp.?) isolated from Meerut (U.P.) using Galleria mellonella. Total 11 isolateswere tested for their best efficacy against the studied thermal gradients. Results indicated that among all tested isolates, S5 andS14 was found most pathogenic to G. mellonella causing 100% mortality within 18 hrs at 250C followed by 80% within 72hrs at 350C,50% within 48 hrs at 150C and 40% mortality within 48 hrs at 450C. Isolate S30 was also observed showing 100% mortality at twoof the slightly higher temperature (250C & 350C) but it took a long time to kill the host (72 hrs). Only 4 isolates S35, S7, S5 & S14 wereobserved the thermophilic behaviour (450C); of which S14 took least time to kill the host. The emergence of S. masoodi from thecadaver of G. mellonella larvae was observed at all temperatures except 5 and 150C indicating the cessation of activity at the lowertemperature. Among all tested temperature regimes, 350C seems to be optimum with maximum host mortality and maximumpenetration of IJs (S14) into the host body and causing maximum mortality of G. mellonella. Comparative mortality data revealedthat isolate S14 was the most virulent isolate. The high temperature optima (15-450C) of S14 corresponded with the climaticconditions of Meerut region, where the temperature varies between 28-450C (summer) and 5-250C (winter).

Abstracts

72

BSM 38

EVALUATION OF SOME NEW AND TRADITIONAL INSECTICIDES AGAINST CABBAGEAPHID BREVICORYNE BRASSICAE LINN. (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE)Parvez Qamar Rizvi and Shabistana NisarDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, U.P, India.

Cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae is one of the most imperative and highly destructive pests of cabbage and cauliflower, killsthe young plants and impair the older ones, and causing heavy losses to other crucifers too. The mass flight of this species inplains generally occurs in December-March coinciding with vulnerable stages of the crop. Laboratory studies for eliminatingcabbage aphid were conducted during 2008-2009 in Department of plant protection, faculty of Agricultural Sciences, AligarhMuslim University, Aligarh. The studies were started with the collection of female adults of cabbage aphid, from the experimentalfield of the department and reared up to three generations for experimentation at room temperature. Final instar nymphs wereselected for testing the toxicity of six different insecticides consisting pyriproxifen, dimethoate, acetamiprid, lambda-cyhalothrin,acetamiprid+cypermethrin, acetamiprid+lambda-cyhalothrin. All the treatments were found significantly varying from eachother and were found superior (P<0.005) over control. The best control (99.8% mortality) was achieved with dimethoate at 0.07%concentration however no remarkable difference was noticed even after 48 hrs of treatment, where the percentage mortalityremained similar. Other treatments (acetamiprid+ cypermethrin) also listed very good results (96% killing at 0.07% concentration)being slower in action, provided better control (98.40% mortality) after 48 hrs even at 0.03% concentration, with minimum of85.0% mortality at 0.05% concentration followed by Lambda-cyhalothrin, Acetamiprid exhibiting 92% and 72% mortalityrespectively. At the same time Pyriproxifen did not encounter significant mortality even at higher dose of 0.07% concentration.

BSM 39

COMPARATIVE BIOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF WHITEFLY, BEMISIA TABACI GENN.,(HOMOPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE) ON SOME VEGETABLE HOSTS.Syed Kamran Ahmad and Parvez Qamar RizviDepartment of Plant Protection, F/O Agricultural Sciences, A.M.U, Aligarh

Information on various life parameters of an insect pest plays a key role in exploring the effective management options(Cultural, chemical and biological methods etc.). With this objective an experiment was conducted to investigate the lifeparameters of B. tabaci on four vegetable hosts viz., Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill), Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.), Brijal(Solanum melongena L.) and Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus Moench) hosts under controlled environment (Temp. 28-30ºC; RH 65-75% and 12 hrs of photoperiod). The maximum incubation period (7.54±0.16 days) was recorded on tomato followed by Chilli(7.32±0.20 days) whereas, the least (5.62±0.13 days) was observed on brinjal. The longest Ist and IInd instar duration (4.36±0.17 and4.74±0.15 days, respectively) was noticed on okra followed by Chilli (4.36±0.12 and 4.38±0.18 days). For IIIrd instar nymph, theduration was found maximum (5.74±0.20 days) on tomato whereas the lowest period (2.78±0.16 days) was recorded on brinjal. Asfar as the pupal period was concerned, it showed maximum time on chilli (7.21±0.17 days) followed by okra (4.78±0.10 days) andthe lowest on tomato (3.26±0.05). With regard to adult survival, female survived longer than male. The maximum duration(male 14.28±0.54 days and female 19.46±0.6 days) of adults was recorded on tomato followed by brinjal (male 12.42±1.4 days andfemale 14.28±0.54 days). On the other hand, shortest duration (male 10.3±0.47 and female 12.00±0.56 days) of adult male andfemale was observed on okra. The total life cycle from egg to adult was found maximum (43 days) on tomato followed by chilli(41 days) whereas the shortest duration was noted on brinjal (33 days).

BSM 40

PERFORMANCE OF INORGANIC NITROGEN, ORGANIC MATTER ANDBIOFERTILIZERS ON THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY PARAMETERS OF TOMATOIN RELATION TO MANAGEMENT OF PHYTONEMATODESS. A. Tiyagi, I. Mahmood, Z. Khan and R. RizviSection of Plant Pathology and Nematology, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002Email: zehra.khan08@gmail.com

A field experiment was conducted at the Aligarh Muslim University Agricultural Research Farm to investigate the effect of

Biotic Stress Management

73

inoculation of different levels of nitrogen and organic matter like neem leaves with biological nitrogen fixers on growth andproductivity parameters of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) cv. ‘Pusa Ruby’ in relation to the management of phytonematodes.The growth and productivity parameters such as fresh as well as dry weights, percent pollen fertility, ascorbic acid content,chlorophyll content, no. of fruits as well as no. of fertile branches per plant of tomato increased significantly with the inoculationsof biological nitrogen fixers using Azospirillum and Azotobacter. Azospirillum was found better than Azotobacter when compared togrowth and other parameters. Conjoint inoculation of 100% recommended dose of N-fertilizer and neem leaves with biofertilizersresulted the maximum growth and productivity parameters. Their synergistic effects help to save much amount of nitrogenfertilizers which to be incorporate in tomato crop. Manifold improvement was noted in plant’s nitrogen, phosphate and potashand available soil nitrogen, phosphate and potash with simultaneous inoculations of biofertilizers alongwith recommended fulldose of nitrogen fertilizers and neem leaves. Multiplication of plant-parasititc nematodes was recorded in decreasing order in allthe treatments but more pronounced in those beds where Azospirillum and Azotobacter were inoculated.

BSM 41

BIOEFFICACY OF TRICHODERMA SPECIES AGAINST ALTERNARIA ALTERNATACAUSING LEAF BLIGHT OF TULSI (OCIMUM SANCTUM)Shabbir Ashraf and Mohd ZuhaibDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, A.M.U., Aligarh.Email:shabbiragri@yahoo.co.uk

Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum) is an annual aromatic herb belongs to the family lamiaceae. It’s essential oil have high medicinal valueand reported to possess antifertility , anticancer , antidiabetic , antifungal , antimicrobial, antiemetic , antispasmodic ,analgesic and diaphoretic actions. Leaf blight caused by Alternaria alternata is a major problem of Tulsi which causes about 60-70%yield loss. For ecofriendly and susutainable management of the disease, 4 isolates of Trichoderma harzianum (viz; TNS1, TNS2,TNS3, and TNS4) and 1 strain of Trichoderma viride were evaluated against Alternaria alternata. The isolates of Trichoderma spp wereevaluated against the pathogen in dual culture. While evaluating the bioefficacy of isolates of Trichoderma spp, it was found thatTNS2 is the most effective strain inhibiting the radial growth of the pathogen upto 70%, next effective were TNS3 (59.16%inhibition), TNS1 (54.16% inhibition), TNS4 (52.33% inhibition) and T. viride found to be the least effective causing 49.33%inhibition in the radial growth of the pathogen. Microscopic examination at the point of contact of two fungi revealed that theovergrowing mycelium of the antagonist penetrates the conidia of the pathogen which adversely affect its growth.

BSM 42

STUDY ON CONTROL OF SOYBEAN MOSAIC VIRUS BY VIRUS INHIBITORYCHEMICALSS. M. Yadav, R. K. Patil and Laxman Parsad BlaiDepartment of Plant Pathology, B.A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand -388 110 (Gujarat) India.E-Mail: Sanwar1785@gmail.com

Management of soybean mosaic virus disease was attempted using virus inhibitory chemicals under field condition duringKharif 2006-2007. The effect of virus inhibitory chemical was tested by spraying the chemicals viz., salicylic acid (1000 and 2000ppm), barium chloride (1000 and 2000 ppm) and benzoic acid (1000 and 2000 ppm) on primary leaves of 15 days old soybeanseedlings. Suitable controls were maintained using distilled water only. Percentage of plants infected and per cent reduction ininfection over control under different treatments were calculated Three different chemicals and water spray (control) wereevaluated at their respective concentrations through two sprays at an interval of 15 days commencing after 15 days at appearanceof soybean mosaic virus infection. Salicylic acid 0.2 per cent performed the best as evident from per cent increased over control(21.02 %) with higher yield of soybean pod (2307.22 kg/ha) followed by salicylic acid 0.1 per cent (18.44 %) with yield (2256.00kg/ha). Remaining all the chemicals were significantly reduced per cent infection at par over control and got yield of pod ontreatments viz., barium chloride 0.2 per cent (14.81 %), barium chloride 0.1 per cent (10.28 %), benzoic acid 0.2 per cent (6.6 %) andbenzoic acid 0.1 per cent (5.18 %) in descending order. Salicylic acid 0.2 per cent was effective as virus inhibitory agent, whichinterfere the soybean mosaic virus infection and there by reduced the disease incidence. So this salicylic acid 0.2 per centtreatment gave best result compare to other treatments.

Abstracts

74

BSM 43

STUDIES ON DIFFERENT OILS FOR ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT OFPENICILLUIM FRUIT ROT OF CITRUS IN IN VIVO CONDITION.S. M. Yadav, R. K. Patil and Laxman Parsad BlaiDepartment of Plant Pathology, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand -388 110 (Gujarat) India.E-Mail: Sanwar1785@gmail.com

All the nine oils with 10 per cent concentrations studied were found significantly superior in reducing the Penicillium rotseverity over control on 5th and 10th day after inoculation in pre- and post-inoculation methods. The significantly lowest Penicilliumfruit rot severity was noticed in fruits treated with 10 per cent mustard oil (8.75%) and it was at par with neem oil (9.25%), cottonoil (10.00%) and soybean oil (10.50%) on 5th day after inoculation. The 10 per cent mustard oil (20.75%) also found effective at 10th

day after inoculation and followed by neem (25.00%), soybean (25.75%) and cotton (27.75%) oils. Sesamum (12.25 & 32.50%),coconut (13.50 & 31.50%) and groundnut (13.25 & 31.00%) oils were least effective in reducing the rot severity at 5th and 10th dayof inoculation in pre inoculation technique. Similar trend as observed in pre-inoculation was noticed in post – inoculationtreatment. The 10 per cent mustard oil proved best in controlling the Penicillium rot severity (11.50%) but it was at par withsoybean (11.75%), neem (13.25%), sunflower (13.50%) and cotton oil (14.25%) on 5th day after inoculation. The mustard oil(18.50%) also found effective at 10th day of inoculation but it was at par with soybean (19.00%) and neem oil (20.50%). Coconut(16.75 & 24.50%), castor (15.25 & 27.75%) and groundnut oils (16.25 & 27.75%) were least effective in reducing the rot severity bothat 5th and 10th day after inoculation. All nine oils (10 %) screened, significantly lowest Penicillium rot severity was recorded infruits treated with mustard oil (20.75 & 18.50%) followed by soybean (25.75 & 19.00%) and neem oil (25.00 & 20.50%) in pre- andpost- inoculation methods, respectively. Groundnut oil (31.00 & 27.75%) proved least effective in controlling the rot in both themethods of inoculation at 10th day after inoculation.

BSM 44

INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE PUPAE OF BRACON HEBETOR SAY(HYMENOPTERA : BRACONIDAE) – A POTENTIAL ECTO-LARVAL PARASITOID OFHELICOVERPA ARMIGERA IN CHICKPEA ECOSYSTEMHem Saxena, Duraimurugan, P. and Ashoo SachanCrop Protection Division, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur - 208024E mail: hem_saxena@yahoo.com

Bracon hebetor, a promising gregarious ecto-larval parasitoid of Helicoverpa armigera was reported for the first time from thelarvae of H. armigera in chickpea eco-system at New Research Farm of Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur during 2008in March-April. H. armigera is a major pest of pigeonpea and chickpea. It is regarded as a major constraints to increase theproduction and productivity of pulses in India. In North India during March-April H. armigera moths emerge out fromhibernating pupae and breed freely due to absence or low parasitization along with favourable climatic conditions andpodding stage of Pigeonpea and chickpea, causing heavy crop losses every year. Therefore, there is strong need for theinundated release of potent larval parasite during this period. The studies on storage of B. hebetor pupae at low temperatures fordifferent periods could be useful to store the parasitoid for field release against H. armigera in chickpea and pigeonpea and totransport the parasitoid safer from one place to another place for field release against H. armigera. In the present study, the twoday old pupae of B. hebetor were stored at 4-5 ºC for 1, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days. The percentage survival of the cocoon was studied.The percent survival decreased with the increase in period of storage. It was found that survival of the B. hebetor was 80.2, 67.2,53.90 and 7.70 percent, when the cocoons were stored at 4-5 ºC for one, fifteen, thirty and forty- five days, respectively. But therewas no survival of B. hebetor pupae when stored at 4-5 º C for 60 and 75 days. It is clear from the results that the pupae of B. hebetormay be stored at 4-5 ºC for 30 days with 53.90 percent survival.

Biotic Stress Management

75

BSM 45

CURRENT SCENARIO OF DISEASES OF RESISTANCE AGAINST YELLOW MOSAIC,CERCOSPORA LEAF SPOT AND ANTHRACNOSE DISEASES IN RELEASED VARIETIESOF MUNGBEANR.G. Chaudhary, Naimuddin, Kalpana Kanchan, Neetu Trivedi and P.K.KatiyarIndian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208024, India

Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) is among the most important kharif pulse crops of India. In northern India, the crop suffersheavily from yellow mosaic disease (YMD) caused by mungbean yellow mosaic India virus, cercospora leaf spot (CLS ) causedmainly by C. canescens and C.cruenta, anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum capsici and 3 more species and occasionally the webblight caused by Rhizoctonia solani. With a view to have a current status of major diseases, 57 mungbean varieties released forcultivation in different agro-ecological zones/states were evaluated in screening nursery in paired rows alternated with mungbeangenotype Kopergaon which is susceptible to all the diseases occurring in northern India. The screening was done at IndianInstitute of Pulses Research, Kanpur during kharif 2011. Weather conditions that prevailed during crop season favoured whiteflybuildup and resulted in very high incidence of YMD. However, due to early cessation of rains in September, development of CLSwas moderate and of the anthracnose was low; and these conditions appeared to have disfavoured development of web blightdisease as this could not be observed during the crop season. Therefore, periodical observations on each variety were recordedonly for YMD, CLS and anthracnose on 1-9 scale. The results showed that none of the varieties was free from any of the diseases.Against YMD, Samrat was rated as resistant (rating 2), whereas PKUAM 4, MH 2-15, BPMR 145, Vamban 1, Pusa 9531andNarendra mung 1 showed moderately resistance (rating 3-4), and 17 varieties showed moderatetly susceptibe (rating 5) reaction.Rest of the varieties were found susceptible to highly susceptible (rating 6-9). For CLS also, none of varieties were resistant.Seven varieties viz.,Ganga 1, KM 2241, Pusa 105, OBGG 52, TAP 1, LGG 450 and CO 4 were found moderately resistant. Otherswere moderately susceptible. Anthracnose development was low due to dry weather in September and at this disease pressuresix varieties viz., Pusa 99072, OBGG 52, MH 96-1, TAP 1, Pusa 9531 and RMG 8803 were found resistant (rating 2). Thus, OBG 52and TAP 1 showed higher resistance to both leaf spot disease.

BSM 46

SUITABILITY OF CULTURE MEDIA AND MICRONUTRIENTS FOR GROWTH OFCERCOSPORA CANESCENS CAUSING CERCOSPORA LEAF SPOT IN MUNGBEANR.G.Chaudhary, Neetu Trivedi, Naimuddin, V.D. Singh and K. KanchanIndian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208024

Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) is one of the most important pulse crops in India. However, productivity of this crop is quite low incomparison to its yield potential. One of the causes for low productivity in kharif season is cercospora leaf spot caused byCercospora canescens and C. cruenta etc. in north east plains, north west plains and part of central zone of this country. Very littleis known about the cultural requirements of this pathogen as isolation and sporulation is quit difficult. Keeping this in view 12different solid culture media viz., Dextrose Tryptone Agar, Rose Bengal Agar, Czapeks Dox Agar, Corn Meal Agar, Malt agar,Dextrose Peptone Agar, Triple Sugar Iron Agar, Sabourd Chloramphanical Agar, Tomato Juice Agar, Nutrient Agar, PotatoDextrose Agar (Locally prepared), Potato Dextrose Agar (Hi- Media) were tried for their suitability for the growth and sporulationof two isolates of Cercospora canescens (isolates 27 and 34). In another experiment 5 different micronutrients at 125 -1000ppmconcentrations on these two isolates were also evaluated. Observations recorded after 7 days of incubation revealed that PotatoDextrose Agar, Czapek Dox Agar, Sabourd Chloramphanical Agar were best for the growth of both the isolates and were at parwith each other. Microscopic examination of one month old cultures did not show any spore indicating no sporulation in any ofthe media used. Among micronutrients, copper sulphate at 1000 ppm was inhibitory to both the isolates. MnSO4 at 125 and 250ppm significantly enhanced the growth of isolate 27 only, whereas ZnSO4, Boron and MgSO4 at 125, 250, 500 and 1000ppm hadno effect on the growth of both the isolates and appeared at par. Observations on combined effect of these 3 best suited culturemedia with micronutrients viz., ZnSO4, Boron & MnSO4 at 125 ppm revealed that none of the combinations gave better colonygrowth of C. canescens over plain PDA, CDA and SCA. These observations clearly indicated that PDA, Czapeks Dox Agar andSabourd Chloramphanical Agar were the best-suited media for the growth of C. canescens. However, none of these media ormicronutrients induced any sporulation in C. canescens in culture.

Abstracts

76

BSM 47

EFFICACY OF TRICHODERMA STRAINS AGAINST FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM F. SP.CICERI, THE INCITANT OF WILT DISEASE IN CHICKPEAShubha Trivedi, R.G. Chaudhary and Neetu TrivediIndian Institute of Pulses Research, ( ICAR) Kanpur 208024.

Wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri (Foc) is the most serious disease of chickpea. Use of resistant varieties is undoubtedlythe best and most economical method of managing this disease. Also, the use of systemic fungicides such as Benomyl, Carbendazimand Benlate-T as seed treatment have been recommended. The use of eco-friendly method for the management of this diseaselike antagonistic fungi and bacteria has also been advocated. Keeping this in view, the present studies were undertaken to findout the efficacy of Trichoderma strains against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (Foc) (Race-2, Kanpur isolate). Thirty isolates ofTrichoderma mostly native, isolated from the rhizosphere soil of different crop niches were evaluated for their potential out ofwhich 22 were T. harzianum, seven were T. viride and one was T. virens. All theses isolates were evaluated against Fusariumoxysporum f.sp. ciceri by dual inoculation technique. Beside this, the effect of volatile and non-volatile compounds released byTrichoderma strains on the growth of Foc was also studied. In case of dual inoculation, inhibition in the growth of Foc by differentisolates of Trichoderma ranged 10.7-28.5 percent (at 72 h.). Most effective isolates were IPT 2.4,6 followed by 10, 17, 22 and 29.Inhibition in conidia production by different Trichoderma isolates was between 44.4-88.8 percent and the most effective isolateswere IPT 4, 6, 8, 16, 25 and 28.

Non–volatile compounds present in the culture filtrates of Trichoderma isolates IPT 5,7,11,17,19, 25 and 31 were inhibitory tocolony growth of Foc. Culture filtrates of these isolates showed >50.0% growth inhibition. Culture filtrates of IPT5,6,9,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,22,24 and 31 were highly detrimental to sporulation showing 85.7 to 100 percent inhibition in conidiaproduction of the pathogen. In case of volatile metabolites, all the isolates showed 25.0-65.3 percent growth inhibition, in whichIPT 24 and 28 were most inhibitory (50.0 and 65.3%) followed by IPT 2,6,9,11,20,and 31. Inhibition of conidia production byvolatile compounds ranged between 25.0-87.5 percent. IPT 3,6,9,11,16,20,24,28,and 31 were most effective in reducing sporulationof Foc. Thus, of all the Trichoderma isolates, IPT 5,6,9,11,16,17,22,24 and 31 were found very effective in reducing the pathogenpotential by way of higher saprophytic growth, volatile and non-volatile metabolites released in the substrate/ environmentand these need to be further evaluated for the management of chickpea wilt.

BSM 48

STUDIES ON THE CORRELATION ON PHYSICAL CHARACTERS OF BARLEY GRAINWITH FECUNDITY F1 PROGENY AND INDEX OF SUSCEPTIBILITY AGAINST THERICE WEEVIL SITOPHILUS ORYZAE L. COLEOPTERA : CURCULIONIDAES. P. Srivastava, B. S. Azad, Alok Kumar Pandey, Rajnish Kumar & S. K. Singh*Department of Zoology D.A-V. College, Kanpur*IIPR, Division of Entomology, Kalyanpur, Kanpur

Among physical characters, the correlation coefficient of hardness and moisture of grain with fecundity, F1 progeny and indexsusceptibility were observed to be highly significant. The hardness had negative correlation with fecundity. F1 progeny andindex of susceptibility. It means the variety which had high breaking strength and low moisture content exhibited resistantbehaviour to Rice Weevil.

BSM 49

MICROBIAL CONTROL OF POD BORERS IN PIGEON PEA CROPI. S. Patel, P. S. Patel, B. Panikar and Y. RavindrababuCentre of Excellence for Research on Pulses, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrishinagar-385506 (GUJARAT)Email : dr.ispatel@gmail.com

Pigeonpea is an important legume crop. It suffers from 150 insect pests right from sowing to harvesting. Among them, podborers viz. Helicoverpa armigera and Melanagromyza obtusa ) are considered major damaging pests. Various insecticides of differentgroups are being employed for the control of these pests. Injudicious use of toxic insecticides led several environmental

Biotic Stress Management

77

pollution problems. Therefore, attempt was made to find out most effective microbial pesticide for the management of podborers in pigeonpea crop. A field trial consisting of five microbial pesticides along with one neem based insecticides wasconducted at research farm of pulses research station, S. D. agricultural university during Kharif 2009.Field investigation waslaid out under randomized block design replicated thrice. Spraying of different treatments was made at 50% flowering. Fiveplants were selected randomly and tagged for recording the observation. At the time of harvesting, pod damaged by pod borerand pod fly were counted and converted to percentage. Yield of pigeonpea recorded from net plot and converted to kg/ha. Allthe treatments were found significantly superior in reducing the pod borer as well as pod fly damage in pigeonpea as comparedto control treatment. Significantly minimum pod borer (2.66%) and pod fly (4.22%) damage was recorded in the treatment ofDOR Bt. 1.5 kg/ha. Similarly maximum yield (2404 kg/ha) was also obtained in the same treatment and was at par with the DORBt. 1.0 kg/ha (2107 kg/ha).

BSM 50

MANAGEMENT OF POD BORERS WITH NEWER INSECTICIDES IN PIGEONPEAI. S. Patel, P. S. Patel, B. Panikar and Y. RavindrababuCentre of Excellence for Research on Pulses, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrishinagar-385506 (GUJARAT)Email : dr.ispatel@gmail.com

Pigeonpea crop is severely affected from various insect pests right from sowing to harvesting. Helicoverpa armigera and Melanagromyzaobtusa are considered as major pod damaging insects. It starts damage at initiation of flowering till pod mature. Due to continuoususe of pesticides, pod borer develop resistance to insecticides. Therefore newer insecticides are tested for its efficacy at ResearchFarm of Centre of Excellence for Research on Pulses, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar during Kharif 2009-10. Allthe insecticides were tried at 50 % flowering stage and second spray was made at an interval of 15 days. Pod damage by podborers were recorded at harvesting time. Yield of pigeonpea was recorded from net plot and converted to kg/ha.

Six treatment s were evaluated to find out the efficacy of various insecticides against pod borer and pod fly damage in pigeonpea.The treatment of flubendiamide 20 WG @ 50g ai./ha proved to be very effective in reducing the pod borer (2.44%) as well as podfly (4.89%) damage in pigeonpea as compared to rest of the treatments. Significantly maximum yield was obtained in thetreatment of flubendamide 20 WG @50g ai./ha (2444 kg/ha).

BSM 51

MANAGEMENT OF SUCKING PESTS OF COWPEA THROUGH SEED TREATMENTP. S. Patel, I. S. Patel, B. Panickar and Y. RavindrababuCentre of Excellence for Research on Pulses, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrishinagar-385506 (GUJARAT)Email : prakashars251275@gmail.com

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers] an ancient pulse is an important food legume for livelihood of millions of ruralmasses in the under developed third world. Among the different constraints responsible for low yield of cowpea, insect pestscause considerable losses. Among various insect pests attacking, sucking pests like aphid, leafhopper and whitefly are mostimportant pests of cowpea and causes severe yield losses by sucking the cell sap from leaves and tender parts of the plants. So farno information is available on the management of sucking pests through seed treatment in cowpea. Hence, present study will beconducted to manage the early sucking pests with the different seed treatments.

A seed treatment trial was conducted at research farm of Centre or Excellence for Research on Pulses, S. D. Agricultural University,Sardarkrushinagar during Kharif 2010. A total of four insecticides with their two different doses were given as a seed treatmentto cowpea seeds one day before sowing. Experiment was laid out under randomized block design with three replications. Fiveplants were observed at weekly interval in each plot to record incidence of sucking insect pest starting one week after germinationtill harvesting of crop. The population of leaf hopper and whitefly were recorded from three leaves one each from top, middle& bottom region of selected plant and mean number of leaf hoppers and white fly per leaf were recorded. The thrips populationwas counted from randomly selected five flowers on each tagged plant and mean number of thrips per flower was worked out.Blanket spray for spotted pod borer was made at 50% flowering and 2nd spray at 7 days after 1st spray.

All the seed treatments were found significantly superior over control in reducing the sucking pests in cowpea. The seedtreatment of imidacloprid 70 WS @ 5g/kg seeds (0.44/leaf) found superior in reducing the leafhopper population and it was atpar with the same treatment at 3g/kg seeds, thiomethoxam70 WS@ 5g/kg seeds and fipronil 5%SC@ 2 & 4 ml/kg seeds.However, significantly minimum population of whitefly was noticed in thiomethoxam70 WS@ 5 g/kg seeds(0.49/leaf) and wasat par with the same treatment at 3 g/kg seeds. So far thrips population concerned the lowest population was recorded in

Abstracts

78

imidacloprid 70 WS @ 5g/kg seeds (2.96/flower) and it was statistically at par with all the treatment except control. Significantlyhigher grain yield was harvested from imidacloprid 70 WS @ 5g/kg seeds(870 kg/ha) and was at par with fipronil 5%SC@ 4 ml/kg seeds and imidacloprid 70 WS @ 3g/kg seeds.

BSM 52

MANAGEMENT OF SPOTTED POD BORER, MARUCA VITRATA IN COWPEA THROUGHNEWER INSECTICIDESP. S. Patel, I. S. Patel, B. Panickar and Y. RavindrababuCentre of Excellence for Research on Pulses, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrishinagar-385506 (GUJARAT)Email : prakashars251275@gmail.com

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers] an ancient pulse is an important food legume. Among the different constraints responsiblefor low yield of cowpea, insect pests cause considerable losses. Among these, spotted pod borer is one of the most important pestof cowpea and causes severe yield losses (up to 60%). The larvae of spotted pod borer are known to cause damage by web theleaves, bud, flower and pods together and feed inside on them. This typical feeding habit protects the larvae from naturalenemies and other adverse factors. Therefore, it is important to have a critical look to manage the spotted pod borer with newerinsecticides at a particular stage of crop. Hence, this experiment was conducted at Research farm of Centre of Excellence forResearch on Pulses, S. D. Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar during Kharif, 2008 to 2010.

All the treatments were found significantly superior over control in reducing the spotted pod borer damage in cowpea duringall the years as well as in pooled results. During the year 2008-09 the treatment of emamectin benzoate 5 SG (2.02%) andindoxacarb 14.5 SC (2.02%) found equally effective to manage the spotted pod borer damage as compared to the rest of treatments.The treatment of indoxacarb 14.5 SC exhibited least spotted pod borer damage (3.05%) and it was at par with emamectin benzoate5 SG (3.18%) and spinosad 45 SC (3.78%) in the year 2009-10. During 2010-11 significantly lower spotted pod borer damage wasnoticed in emamectin benzoate 5 SG (2.90%) as compared to rest of treatments. Similarly in pooled results emamectin benzoate5 SG (2.70%) found significantly better to reduce the spotted pod borer damage and was at par with indoxacarb 14.5 SC (2.98%)and spinosad 45 SC (3.58%).

Significantly highest yield was obtained in the treatment of emamectin benzoate 5 SG (619 kg/ha) as compared to the rest of thetreatments during the year 2008-09. During 2009-10, significantly highest yield was obtained in the treatment of indoxacarb 14.5SC (823 kg/ha) and it was at par with emamectin benzoate 5 SG (758 kg/ha) and spinosad 45 SC (749 kg/ha). Again the treatmentof emamectin benzoate 5 SG (898 kg/ha) found significantly superior and was at par with spinosad 45 SC (865 kg/ha) andindoxacarb 14.5 SC (852 kg/ha) during 2010-11. Similarly in pooled results same treatments were found very effective inincreasing the yield of cowpea. The economics of various treatments revealed that the higher PCBR was obtained in thetreatment of bifenthrin 10 EC (1:2.69) and it was followed by indoxacarb 14.5 SC(1:2.36), chlorpyriphos (1:1.60), quinalphos(1:1.48), spinosad (1:1.29) and emamectin benzoate (1:1.10).

Based on the efficacy, indoxacarb 14.5 SC (3.45 ml/10 lit.) or spinosad 45 SC (1.62 ml/10 lit.) or emamectin benzoate 5 SG (3 g/10lit.) found to be very effective against Maruca vitrata in cowpea.

BSM 53

LIFE TABLE OF PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA (LINN.) ON BRASSICA HOSTS*Nazrussalam, M. Shafiq Ansari and Nadeem AhmadDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002* ZRS, Darisai, Barakhurshi, East Singhbhum-832304 (Jharkhand)Email: mohdsansari@yahoo.com, nazrussalam@yahoo.co.in

Life table of Plutella xylostella was studied on cabbage and Indian mustard varieties. The Survivorship (Ix) was greater on cabbagevarieties than on the Indian mustard. Highest number of eggs were hatched on cabbage i.e. Diamond Express followed byGolden Acre and Field Man as compared to Indian mustard. Unhatched eggs were highest when P. xylostella reared on Pusa Baharand the lowest on Diamond Express. Mortality (dx) was also occurred at different stages of P. xylostella and larval mortality wasmore on Indian mustard than cabbage varieties. Adult emergence was highest on Diamond Express as compared to Indianmustard. The expectancy of life (ex) was higher on cabbage (Diamond Express) than to Indian mustard varieties.

P. xylostella preferred to lay more eggs on Diamond Express than other varieties of cabbage and Indian mustard. Total ovipositionperiod was 8-days on Indian mustard while, 11 days on Diamond Express. The Highest potential fecundity (Pf) occurred on

Biotic Stress Management

79

Diamond Express i.e. 124.05 and lowest on Pusa Bahar i.e. 52.42 females/female/generation. The net reproductive rate (Ro) washighest (64.99 females/female/generation) on Diamond Express and lowest (7.78) on Varuna. The highest intrinsic rate ofincrease (rm) i.e. 0.049 females/female/day occurred on Golden Acre and lowest (0.027) on Varuna. The rm was significantly(P<0.05) reduced when P. xylostella reared on Indian Mustard. The finite rate of increase (ë) was lowest (1.027 females/female/day) on Varuna and highest (1.05) on Golden Acre. Corrected generation time of P. xylostella (ô) was 38.01 days on DiamondExpress while, fractional difference was recorded on Pusa Bold, Varuna, Field Man and Golden Acre. P. xylostella multiplies faston cabbage varieties as compared to Indian mustard.

BSM 54

GENETIC DIVERSITY OF EMPOASCA FLAVESCENS FABRICIUS (HOMOPTERA:CICADELLIDAE), AN EMERGING PEST OF TEA FROM SUB-HIMALAYANPLANTATIONDhiraj Saha1 and Ananda Mukhopadhyay2

Entomology Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of North BengalP.O. North Bengal University, Siliguri-734013, West Bengal1dhirajsaha_nbu@rediffmail.com; 2dr_amukherjee_nbu@rediffmail.com

Empoasca flavescens Fabricius (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), an emerging insect pest of tea, Camelia sinensis L. (Theaceae), damagesby sucking the sap of young leaves and tender shoots resulting ‘Rim Blight’. Most plantations are managed conventionally usingdifferent synthetic insecticides. Continuous application of synthetic insecticides leads to the selection of resistant E. flavescenspopulations. So, there is a pressing need to know the genetic variability in the pest populations and develop a population specificcontrol strategy. In small insects, like E. flavescens RAPD is an important genetic marker to study genetic variability. Threepopulations of E. flavescens were studied using RAPD-PCR. Polymorphism in populations was assayed using eight randomprimer resulting amplification of 53 loci. Polymorphic loci recorded were 83.02, 84.92 and 88.68 percent in Darjeeling hill, Teraiand the Dooars populations respectively. The genetic distance between Darjeeling hill and Terai, Darjeeling hill and the Dooarspopulations noted were 0.0255 and 0.0332 respectively. UPGMA dendrogram based on the ‘Nei’s (1978) genetic distance method’showed greater genetic distance of Darjeeling hill population from Terai-Dooars populations; the distance between the lattertwo being much lesser.

BSM 55

RELATION OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY TO POSTHARVEST ROT OF CHICKPEA CAUSED BY FUNGISarita Joshi and Kamlesh GuptaBotany Department, Dayanand Girls P. G. College Kanpur.

Low temperature inhibited the growth of Phoma glomerata, Ascochyta rebiei, Phytophthora megasperma and Sclerotium rolfsii on postharvest chickpea fruits. Relative humidity appears to have low influence on development of fungal diseases at low percentagebut fairly good infection was noticed at high level of humidity. However rotting due to different fungi on the host was earliestat 90 and 100% Rh fungal infection was most favoured at 250 and 300C.

BSM 56

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF URDBEAN IN RELATION TO ANTHRACNOSEDISEASEVersha Mishra, Sadhna Yadav and K.C SrivastavaDepartment of botany, DG college Kanpur & Department of botany, DAV college Kanpur

Urdbean (Vigna mungo (L) Hepper) is an important pulse crop in India occupying 29.6 million hac area with production of 1.28million tones and productivity of 43 kg / hac (Anonymous, 1999). Various biotic and abiotic stresses cause immense losses inurdbean crop throughout the world. Among biotic stresses, anthracnose of urdbean caused by fungus colletotrichum capsici (syd.). butler & bisby is the most serious disease which has gained national importance causing considerable damage the quality of

Abstracts

80

seed and yield.The morphological characters of leaves of urdbean genotypes were studied in relation to anthracnose diseasecaused by colletotrichum capsici. Stomatal frequency in both adaxial and abaxial surfaces of leaves was higher in susceptiblegenotypes. Number and size of stomata were highly correlated with disease severity. Thickness of leaves had no role inresistance of urdbean against anthracnose disease. Trichome density did not differ significantly in resistant and susceptiblegenotypes

BSM 57

MANAGEMENT OF PESTICIDES IN SUSTAINABLE CROP PROTECTION1Alka Kushwaha, 2Richa Nigam and 2Archana Srivastav1Botany Department D.A.V. College, Kanpur & 2 Botany Department D.G. College, Kanpur

Over the years, there had been increase in pests due to intensive agriculture alongwith high yielding varieties, increased use ofhuge chemical fertilizer, off season cultivation, especially vegetables and improper use of pesticides. Pesticide use is veryimportant for agriculture to protect the crop. In Indian use of pesticide is 90,000 ton / years but this is very harmful forenvironment and human.These pesticides or agro chemicals are costly and leads upto degradation of soil. On the other hand tofulfill the need of growing population it essential to increase agriculture production with the same rate. In modern agriculture.Chemicals (Pesticides, fertilizers) are being used for increasing, promotion Economical loss by the pest in India in a year havepest / weed 33%, disease 26% bacteria 26% and bird / nematode 15%. This is challenge to human being that how to minimise thepesticide use. The whole scenario of our rural development can be changed by this single intervention of increased plantprotection or integrated pest management

BSM 58

IDENTIFICATION OF POLYMORPHIC SSR LOCI AMONG LANDRACES AND SOMEELITE RICE VARIETIESR. K. Gupta1*, P.Ray Choudhury2 and G. Thomas1

1 Department of Molecular & Cellular Engineering, SHIATS, Allahabad, 211007, U.P. India2 Room no. 422, KrishiBhawan, Pusa Campus, New DelhiEmail: rajesh.raj.25784@gmail.com

SSR markers are highly polymorphic, abundant and easy to use; these have become the marker of choice for genetic mapping,hybrid testing, population studies etc. Highly polymorphic, co-dominant and transferable molecular markers in Oryza can beuseful for exploiting the genetic resources of this genus for detecting allelic variants in loci associated with other importantcrops. Further scope of crop improvement depends upon exploitation of genetic variation and diversity in plant breedingprogrammes and development of novel biotechnological tools judiciously. Ample genetic variation is available in rice germplasmand can also be used to predict potential genetic gains. Moreover, rice is also an ideal model cereal plant for the study of grassgenetics and genome organization due to its diploid status, relatively small genome size 430 Mb, significant level of geneticpolymorphism, large amount of well-conserved genetically diverse material (about 125,000 accessions of rice germplasmworldwide) and the availability of large number of wild species. Characterization and quantification of genetic diversity haslong been a major goal in evolutionary biology. Information on the genetic diversity within and among closely related cropvarieties is essential for rational use of genetic resources. The analysis of genetic variation both within and among elitebreeding materials is of immense interest to plant breeders. It contributes in quantifying variation in germplasm and used toprovide clues in predicting potential genetic gains. For the purpose of genetic diversity studies and varietal differential, six ricegenotypes including landraces and popular cultivars (viz; Thakurbhog, Karahani, Ketakijoha, Kalanamak, Pusa Basmati1, Narendrausar-3) have been studies to understand for allelic variability. A total of 22 rice STMS primers were used for the study. It has beenobserved that 10 RM primers showed polymorphism and others showed monomorphism. Those have identified 2-3 alleles inloci across the genotypes.Polymorphic alleles were found to be useful for genetic purity test, varietals identification anddiversity.

Biotic Stress Management

81

BSM59

EFFECT OF FLY ASH EXTRACT ON MORTALITY OF ANGUINA TRITICI AND SEEDGERMINATION OF WHEAT.Shamee Kausar, A.A. KhanPlant Pathology and Environmental Botany Section, Deptt. of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, AligarhEmail: Samee.aina@gmail.com

In present study mortality rate (%) of seed gall nematode of wheat, Anguina tritici juveniles was increased significantly from 1st

to 4th day except at 100 percent concentration of fly ash-extract in 1st day. Highest mortality rate was found at 100% fly ash-extract.At this level 0n 2nd day none a single juvenile was survived. Mortality rate was increased with respect to no. days increased.Similarly, in seed germination of wheat germination rate was decreased as fly ash- extract conc. were increased.

BSM 60

EFFECT OF INTEGRATED USE OF FARM YARD MANURE AND UREA WITH ANDWITHOUT SULPHUR ON PERFORMANCE OF CITRONELLA JAWA( CYMBOPOGANWINTERIANS) AND FERTILITY STATUS.Avinash Rai, Sumit Rai, Yaseen AnsariDepartment of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Banaras Hindu University,Varanasi- 221 005

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of integrated use of Farm Yard Manure and Urea with and withoutsulphur on fertility status of soil and performance of Citronella Jawa.The details of various treatments applied to citronella are asfollows:T1= control; T2=100%N through Urea; T3=100%N through Urea+40 Kg S ha-1;T4= 50% N through Urea+50% N throughFYM;T5=50% N through Urea+50% N through FYM+ 40 Kg S ha-1;T6=25% N through FYM+75% N through Urea and T7=25% Nthrough FYM+75% N through Urea+ 40 Kg S ha-1.Application of 50% N through Urea+50% N through FYM+ 40 Kg S ha-1 showeda significant increase in available NPKS content of soil. The perceptible improvement in available NPKS content of soil,growth,oiland herbage yields were recorded in 25% N through FYM+75% N through Urea+ 40 Kg S ha-1 treated plots. Plots received 50% nthrough FYM recorded significantly higher availability of NPKS and growth and oil yield. Application of S significantlyincreased the oil contents of Citronella over other treatments without sulphur. Combined application of urea, FYM and sulphurexhibited significantly higher available N, P, K and S content of soil as well as growth and oil yield of citronella.

BSM 61

EFFECT OF INTEGRATED USE OF ORGANIC MANURES, INORGANIC FERTILIZERSAND BIOFERTILIZERS ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL ANDPERFORMANCE OF ONION (ALLIUM CEPA L.)Sumit Rai, Avinash Rai, Yaseen Ansari.Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Banaras Hindu University,Varanasi-221 005Email: sumit.rai101@yahoo.in

A field experiment was conducted to find out the effect of integrated application of organic manures (FYM and vermicompost),inorganic fertilizers and biofertilizers (PSB and Azotobacter) on growth and yield of and nutrient uptake by onion (Allium cepa L.)and nutrient build up in the soil. There were six treatments comprised of integration of FYM, Vermicompost, chemical fertilizers,PSB and Azotobacter. The experiment was laid out under randomized block design (RBD) and the treatments were triplicateduring the experiment. Significantly higher yield of onion (74.85 q ha-1) was observed in the plots received 50% N throughvermicompost +25% N through urea + PSB + Azotobacter (T6) as compared to other treatments. After completion of experiment,the highest available N, P, K and S concentration (248.6, 19.7, 230 and 12.13 Kg ha-1, respectively) were recorded in the case of thetreatment consisted of 50% N through vermicompost +25% N through urea + PSB + Azotobacter (T6). Similar significant effect wasobserved on nutrient content (N, P, K and S) and nutrient uptake (N, P, K and S). Furthermore, the use of organic manures showeda significant improvement in soil’s physico-chemical properties (bulk density, water holding capacity, porosity, pH and EC) and

Abstracts

82

residual nutrients concentration (N, P, K and S). The treatments had PSB and Azotobacter integrated with FYM or vermicompostshowed a remarkable increase in residual soil fertility status over the treatments which received FYM or vermicompost only.The use of FYM and vermicompost has also showed a significant increase in soil fertility status over chemical fertilizers alone.The Azotobacter can substitute the N requirement of plant to the extent of 25% without compromising with the yield, makes it abetter integration in the present day context to sustain soil health and productivity to achieve better yield.

BSM 62

IMPACT OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON SOIL FERTILITY AND YIELDATTRIBUTES OF POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.) CV.KUFRI BADSHAHYaseen Ansari, Sumit Rai, Avinash RaiDepartment of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Agriculture Sciences, Banaras Hindu University (BHU),Varanasi-221 005.Email: yayasinansari75@gmail.com

A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of integration of chemical fertilizers with FYM and Biofertilizer(Trichoderma viride) on soil fertility status and yield attributes of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crop. The treatments wereallocated in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatment consisted of three levels of Nitrogen (N0, N70 andN140) Kg/ha, three levels of Phosphorus (P0, P25 and P50) Kg/ha, three levels of Potassium (K0, K70 and K140) Kg/ha, two levels ofFYM (FYM0 and FYM10) t/ha and two levels of Trichoderma viride (B0 and B1.25) Kg/ha. Application of inorganic fertilizers andorganic manures at N140 P50 K140 B0 Kg/ha and FYM at 10 t/ha recorded highest plant height, number of leaves and number ofbranches of potato. The application of treatment combination T4 at N140 P50 K140 B0 Kg/ha and FYM at 10 t/ha, there was a decreasein pH, Bulk density and increase in OC (%), available NPK, WHC (%) and pore space (%). The treatment combination T4 at N140P50 K140 B0 Kg/ha and FYM at 10 t/ha has shown the highest tuber yield of potato.

BSM 63

STUDIES ON NATURAL ENEMIES OF PESTS IN CITRUS AND GUAVA CROPSDr. Sunita AryaAsstt. Professor Department of Zoology, Dayanand Girls (P.G.) College, Kanpure-mail : greenindia2@gmail.com

The stable balance in faunal population in ecosystem may be promoted by prohibiting pesticides applications. These toxicsubstances cause more damage to parasitoids and predators as compared to target pests species. The naturally occurring beneficialfauna in this ecosystem has been found to be very high sufficient to check pests outbreaks. The important enemies of major pestsof citrus and guava have been studied and summarized in table-1. Each pest species is subjected to the attack by a number ofnatural enemies. It was found that poly crop and mix crop systems tend to provide stable shelter food and breeding media ondiverse group of available host insects.

Present investigation were laid out in R.B.D. with three replication at horticulture garden of C.S.A. University of Agriculture andTechnology, Kanpur and river bed area of Ganga to study the population of insect pest of citrus and guava, respectively. In citruscrop citrus psylla, leaf miner, larva of lemon butterfly and sucking moth was found as a major pests. However, in guava crop fruitfly, bark caterpillar, aphid, and mealy bug was prevailing as a major insect pest and causing sever damage. Following naturalenemies are recorded for natural control efficacy.

Biotic Stress Management

83

BSM 64

PERFORMANCE OF INORGANIC NITROGEN, ORGANIC MATTER ANDBIOFERTILIZERS ON THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY PARAMETERS OF TOMATOIN RELATION TO MANAGEMENT OF PHYTONEMATODESS. A. Tiyagi, I. Mahmood, Z. Khan, R. RizviSection of Plant Pathology and Nematology, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002Corresponding Author: Zehra KhanEmail: zehra.khan08@gmail.com

A field experiment was conducted at the Aligarh Muslim University Agricultural Research Farm to investigate the effect ofinoculation of different levels of nitrogen and organic matter like neem leaves with biological nitrogen fixers on growth andproductivity parameters of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) cv. ‘Pusa Ruby’ in relation to the management of phytonematodes.The growth and productivity parameters such as fresh as well as dry weights, percent pollen fertility, ascorbic acid content,chlorophyll content, no. of fruits as well as no. of fertile branches per plant of tomato increased significantly with the inoculationsof biological nitrogen fixers using Azospirillum and Azotobacter. Azospirillum was found better than Azotobacter when compared togrowth and other parameters. Conjoint inoculation of 100% recommended dose of N-fertilizer and neem leaves with biofertilizersresulted the maximum growth and productivity parameters. Their synergistic effects help to save much amount of nitrogenfertilizers which to be incorporate in tomato crop. Manifold improvement was noted in plant’s nitrogen, phosphate and potashand available soil nitrogen, phosphate and potash with simultaneous inoculations of biofertilizers alongwith recommended fulldose of nitrogen fertilizers and neem leaves. Multiplication of plant-parasititc nematodes was recorded in decreasing order in allthe treatments but more pronounced in those beds where Azospirillum and Azotobacter were inoculated.

Abstracts

84

GWC 01

IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN BUNDELKHAND REGION: A MICRO STUDY1Sarju Narain and 2A.K. Singh1 Agril. Ext. BNPG College Rath (Hamirpur), B.U. Jhansi, U.P., 2Director, ZPD (ICAR), Unit IV, Kanpur.

Climate risk is common for Indian agriculture. It is highly vulnerable to drought because two third agricultural land is rainfedand even irrigated system is depend upon monsoon. Droughts in 2002, 2004, 2006 and 2009; floods in 2005, 2006 and 2008; andhigh temperature in March 2004 and up to mid October 2011 are the some examples of climate change. Climate change risk is aparticular challenge for the hundreds of million whose livelihoods depend on rainfed agriculture in marginal high riskenvironment. The vulnerability of climate changes varies across regions, sectors and social groups. To understanding theregional and local dimensions of vulnerability, it is essential to develop appropriate and targeted adoption efforts. Among thedifferent agro- climatic pockets of India Bundelkhand pocket is badly affected from climate change. For the impact assessmentof climate change a time line survey of two districts namely Hamirpur and Banda was conducted through random samplingmethod. The result showed the key historical events and major changes perceived by villagers, i.e. soil erosion and degradation,changing cropping pattern, fooding habits, availability of natural resources, poor productivity of crops & animals, etc. Thisregion have clear cut impact an fertilization of desi - cows , losses of fodders, result increasing ‘Annapratha’, poor milk producingcapacity of animals , rural migration and some time suicide deaths are also occurs. These are the major impact of climate changewhich is badly affected to the rural society of this pocket.

GWC 02

CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON AGRICULTURE: SOME OBSERVATIONS ONURDBEAN CROP PRODUCTION SYSTEM AT AGRASubhash C. Biyan, Pooja Dhuppar, Basanti Ch and D.Sarveshwara RaoFarming Systems Research, Botany Department, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed University) AgraEmail: subhash.biyan@gmail.com

Indian agriculture is facing challenges due to several factors such as increased competition for land, water and labour from non-agricultural sectors and increasing climatic variability. The climatic variability associated with global warming will result inconsiderable abiotic and biotic stresses, seasonal/annual fluctuations in food production. Pulses occupy a very importantposition in Indian agriculture as they restore the soil fertility. Moreover, pulses are the cheapest source of proteins for Indianpopulation and fulfill its 20-30% of protein requirement. Urdbean is a warm season crop grown with in temperature range ofabout 20°- 40°C. It is sensitive to low temperature and destroyed by frost. The mean temperature of 28-30°C is optimum for itsgrowth and warm temperature is essential for germination. India is largest producer of urdbean contributing 1.33 milliontonnes annually from an area of about 3.17 million hectare. The production of urdbean (1.33 million tons) is far below the presentrequirement of the country which has caused recent surge in prices. Climate change will surely have an adverse effect onproductivity on account of reduction in total crop cycle duration. Urdbean is an important short duration pulse crop; furtherreduction in crop duration will amount to lower field per unit area. Change in climate will also cause enormous flower drop andunder-development of pods and seeds, and immature pods. The present paper includes the observation on the vegetative andreproductive performance and realized yield of Urdbean crop in relation to changing weather at Agra for three successive years(2009-2011). Local agronomic management practices were also closely monitored which may help in preparing mitigationstrategies. Need for training undergraduates students in techniques of Biofertilizer production so as to expend the network ofproduction and extension workers is recommended with the help of DEI as a case study.

GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATIC ISSUES

Global Warming and Climatic Issues

85

GWC 03

ASSESING THE RELATION BETWEEN NDVI AND RAINFALL OVER INDIAS.K.Dubey1, G.Pranuthi2 and S.K.Tripathi3

1,2 Water Resource Development & Management, 3Water Resource Development & Management, Indian Institute ofTechnology, Roorkee, 247667Email: Sunil2949@gmail.com

The Indian subcontinent has diverse vegetation with the climate varying from monsoonal in south to temperate in the North.The biological productivity of the vegetation cover therefore largely controlled by water and temperature stresses. TheNormalized Deferential Vegetation Index (NDVI) was shown to be sensitive to changes in vegetation conditions. Since it isdirectly influenced by the chlorophylls absorption of the suns radiation. In this study rainfall data (from IMD) and MODIS- NDVIdata (GLAM project) for 27 states of India was used. NDVI data from MODIS (with a resolution of 250 km) images was correlatedwith state wise annual precipitation for the year 2004-2008. The correlation value for NDVI and rainfall was observed to be 0.63and R2 value was 0.40. From this study we can conclude that the NDVI is majorly dependent on the rainfall. Other factors liketemperature, humidity, radiation etc., also influence the vegetation growth and productivity but in lesser proportion comparedto precipitation.

GWC 04

SIGNIFICANCE OF NOSTOCALES IN GANGA WATER QUALITYS.K. Tripathi, C. Bhan*and V. K. SinghDepartment of Botany, Brahmanand College Kanpur-208004*Department of Botany, K.N.P.G. College Tejgaon, Raibareily

Present investigation deals with the study of Nostocales in Ganga water at Shuklaganj (Kanpur). Here in 81 species of Nostocalesbelonging to 12 genera (Arthrospira, Spirulina, Oscillatoria, Phormidium, Lyngby Cylindrospermum, Nostoc, Anabaena, Nodularia, Calothrix,Rivularia and Gloeotrichia) have been reported from Ganga water. Implication of such Nostocales in water quality and pollutionare of considerable significance. Certain members of Nostocales play an important role in determining the water quality andpollution as indicator organism forms like Oscillatoria subbrevis, O. limentica, O. pseudogeminata  var. unigranulata, O. formosa,Nostoc linkia var.arvense, Anabaena planktonica, A. fertilssima, A. iyengarll var. tenuis, A. oscillaroides and  Nodularia spumegena aresignificant propagators allergenic diseases. Application of pollution indices of genara and species coupled with the roleof  Nostocales  in water quality have been described.  

GWC 05

EFFECT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON BIODIVERSITY IN INDIAParul Bhargava and Ashwani KumarForest Research Institute, Kanpur U.P.

It is now well established that the world is heating up. The average temperature of the earth’s surface increased by an estimated0.6oC in the 20th century, and according to the most recent projections of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, couldrise 1.4 to 5.8oc above the 1990 average by 2100.In its recent assessment, the IPCC reiterates that 20-30% of species assessed so farare likely to be at increased risk of extinction if increases in global average warming exceed 1.5-2.50c and as global averagetemperature increase exceeds about 3.50C, model projections suggest significant extinctions (40-70% of species assessed) aroundthe globe. Global warming does not only make vegetation “gasp for air” but also leads to animal habitat loss. The loss of thesehabitats leads to extinction of the amphibians dependent on the forests for their survival. Many species may be seriously affectedby the spread of viruses and bacteria which normally thrive in warmer conditions. This, among many things, may push theseanimals even closer to the brink of extinction. As far as different species are concerned, the effect of global warming is clearlyvisible with some of them shifting their habitats. Moreover, it is also becoming more difficult to preserve huge land tracts, whichis affecting the chances of preserving biodiversity of a particular region. It is believed that if the situation is not taken stock ofimmediately, then around 2050 species will disappear from the surface of the Earth as a result of global warming. Thus, due toGlobal Warming the list of animals and plants at risk of climate will, of course, be longer and longer as the planet gets hotter andhotter.

Abstracts

86

GWC 06

HARMFUL EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENT ON THE BIODIVERSITY OF AVIAN FAUNAOF KANPUR CITYAtul Kumar Misra Department of Zoology, D.A.V. P.G. College, Kanpur (U.P.) INDIAE-mail: atulkumarmisra03@gmail.com

Change of environment is very complex phenomenon that effects many living organisms on the earth. There are many aquaticand terrestrial animals which decline due to sudden change of climate in the atmosphere. There are so many abiotic and bioticfactors which are responsible for decline of the bird’s habitat in the environment. The rate of absorption of solar radiations onearth and its emission back into earth in the form of infra-red waves balances the heat on the earth, which is the main cause forthe survival of the living organisms. Sudden climate change is the result of human activities like deforestation, use of fossil fulesand excessive use of energy and some other natural factors like volcanic eruptions, solar variability etc., which directly effect theamount of ozone layer present in the atmosphere, and is also responsible for decline in the avian fauna of Kanpur city in UttarPradesh.Present study focusses on the harmful effects of environment changes on the biodiversity of avian fauna of Kanpurregion. The data of native species of birds was collected in summer, rainy and winter season. It is clearly evident from the abovestudy that either the variety of birds are declining or they are at the stage of extinct day by day due to climate changes in theenvironment due to many anthropogenic activities by human beings.

GWC 07

INTERCROPPING AND COVER CROPPING WITH FOOD LEGUMES AS ACONSERVATION MEASURE TO ADOPT TO CHANGING CLIMATE IN MANGOORCHARDSA.N. Ganeshamurthy, V. Ravindra and N.K. SrinivasaraoIndian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore 560 089

Monoculture in horticulture has resulted in many ecological diseases. They may be grouped into two categories. Diseases of theecotope, and diseases of the biocoenosis. Diseases of the ecotope include erosion, loss of soil fertility and depletion of nutrientreserves, salinization and alkalinization, pollution of water systems, loss of fertile croplands to urban development. Diseases ofthe biocoenosis, include loss of crop, wild plant, and animal genetic resources, elimination of natural enemies, pest resurgenceand genetic resistance to pesticides, chemical contamination, and destruction of natural control mechanisms. Under conditionsof intensive management, treatment of such diseases requires an increase in the external costs to the extent that, in someagricultural systems, the amount of energy invested to produce a desired yield surpasses the energy harvested. We need tounderstand the inbuilt principles of conservation agriculture to make a hybrid between intensive agriculture and conservationagriculture. To alleviate these problems there is need to build-in several strategies of management to buffer against changingclimate through improvement of soil health, enhancement of biodiversity and improve and sustain crop yields. These include:Maintaining permanent soil cover and promoting minimal mechanical disturbance of soil through zero tillage and allelopathy,ensures sufficient living and/or residual biomass to enhance soil and water conservation and control soil erosion. In turn, thisimproves soil aggregation, soil biological activity and soil biodiversity and increases soil carbon sequestration. Also, it enhanceswater infiltration, improves soil water use efficiency, and provides increased insurance against drought and other abioticstresses. Permanent soil cover is maintained during crop growth phases using cover crops and maintaining residues on thesurface.Promoting a healthy, living soil through crop rotations, cover crops assists in enhancing the benefits of integrated pestmanagement technologies. These practices reduce requirements for pesticides and herbicides, control off-site pollution, andenhance biodiversity. The objective is to complement natural soil biodiversity and to create a healthy soil microenvironmentthat is naturally aerated, better able to receive, hold and supply plant available water, enhances nutrient cycling, and mitigatepollutants. Crop rotations and associations can be in the form of crop sequences, relay cropping, and mixed crops besides cropresidue management.Promoting application of fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, and fungicides in balance with crop requirements.Feed the soil rather than fertilize the crop. This will reduce chemical pollution, improve water quality, and maintain the naturalecological integrity of the soil including biodiversity, while optimizing crop productivity and economic returns.Promotingprecision placement of inputs to reduce costs, optimize efficiency of operations, and prevent environmental damage. Treatproblems at the field location where they occur, rather than blanket treatment of the field, as with conventional systems.Promoting legume cover crops, composting and the use of manures and other organic soil amendments improves soil structureand biodiversity, and reduces the need for inorganic fertilizers and irrigation requirement.To evaluate these possibilities astanding mango orchard was converted into conservation horticultural garden. Alphonso mango garden of 25 years old trees

Global Warming and Climatic Issues

87

with a spacing of 7m x 7m which was under intensive management with clean cultivation was brought under zero tillage. Theorchard was divided into several sub plots. After the harvest of mango fruits in June, pigeonpea and Mungbean was sown asintercrop with four rows of mungbean for every one row of pigeonpea. In the second plot cowpea was sown as sole crop. In thethird plot frenchbean was sown as a vegetable crop and in the fourth plot a green manure crop of Mucuna purience was sown ascover crop. Besides this several vegetables were also planted as inter crop in the orchard. Periodically soil health parametersand crop performance was monitored. Frenchbean, mungbean and cowpeas were harvested and the yields of these crops wereeconomical for farmers to be convinced to go for a intercrop in mango orchards. Biodiversity changes and soil health changesand their impact on mango performance are being continuously monitored.

GWC 08

SIDA CORDIFOLIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MORPHOLOGICALCHARACTERISTICS OF ROADSIDE OF KANPUR NAGARArchana Srivastava, Alpana Tewari and Naina SrivastavaBotany Department, Dayanand Girls P.G.College, KanpurEmail: alpanatewari@gmail.com

Macromorphological characters of some species of medicinal plants of Kanpur nagar were studied. The aim was to search forstable, distinctive and diagnostic characters for the identification of these species in habitat variation. Qualitative characterswere noted and recorded while quantitative observations were done by the use of a metric ruler and the measurements weretaken to the nearest centimeters. In general, the characters such as number of leaflet pairs, length and width of leaflets, leafletbase, and number of leaflets lateral nerves revealed generic distinctions. Others include the degree of hairiness in sepals, petalsshape, types of inflorescence, fruit shape and fruit length. The attributes that delimits the species are mainly quantitative.

GWC 09

CLIMATE CHANGE AND THEIR IMPACT ON HORTICULTURAL CROPS IN 21ST

CENTURY: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE.Vikas Kumar1, Enespa2, Chhatarpal Singh3 and Preeti Gautam4

1Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP - 243122. 2Department of Environmental Science, 3&4Departmentof Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (A Central University), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh-226025Email: vs1744@gmail.com and enespasingh@gmail.com

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has been publishing periodic assessment reports on atmospheric CO2concentration and its likely impact on the Agricultural/Horticultural crops. The IPCC in its 4th Assessment Report states thatemission of global GHGs has increased since pre-industrial times, with an increase of 70% between 1970 and 2004. The bigchallenge before the international community is to limit the emission of green house gases by 2050 and measurably by 2020.Asignificant change in climate on a global scale will impact agriculture and consequently affect the world’s food supply. Climatechange per se is not necessarily harmful; the problems arise from extreme events that are difficult to predict. More erraticrainfall patterns and unpredictable high temperature spells will consequently reduce crop productivity. Developing countries inthe tropics will be particularly vulnerable. Latitudinal and altitudinal shifts in ecological and agro-economic zones, landdegradation, extreme geophysical events, reduced water availability, and rise in sea level and salinization are postulated.Unless measures are undertaken to mitigate the effects of climate change, food security in developing countries in the tropicswill be under threat.Environmental stress is the primary cause of crop losses worldwide, reducing average yields for most majorcrops by more than 50%. The tropical vegetable production environment is a mixture of conditions that varies with season andregion. Climatic changes will influence the severity of environmental stress imposed on vegetable crops. Moreover, increasingtemperatures, reduced irrigation water availability, flooding, and salinity will be major limiting factors in sustaining andincreasing vegetable productivity. Extreme climatic conditions will also negatively impact soil fertility and increase soilerosion. Thus, additional fertilizer application or improved nutrient-use efficiency of crops will be needed to maintain productivityor harness the potential for enhanced crop growth due to increased atmospheric CO2. The response of plants to environmentalstresses depends on the plant developmental stage and the length and severity of the stress. Plants may respond similarly toavoid one or more stresses through morphological or biochemical mechanisms. Environmental interactions may make thestress response of plants more complex or influence the degree of impact of climate change. Measures to adapt to these climatechange-induced stresses are critical for sustainable tropical vegetable production. Until now, the scientific information on theeffect of environmental stresses on vegetables is overwhelmingly on tomato. There is a need to do more research on how othervegetable crops are affected by increased abiotic stresses as a direct potential threat from climate change..The impact of climate

Abstracts

88

change on flowering plants and crops will be more pronounced. Melting of ice cap in the Himalayan regions will reduce chillingrequired for the flowering of many of the ornamental plants like Rhododendron, Orchid, Tulipa, Alstromerea, Magnolia,Saussurea, Impatiens, Narcissus. etc. Some of them will fail to bloom or flower with less abundance while others will bethreatened. Indigenous species in the natural habitat will be under threat for not getting favorable agro-climatic conditions fortheir proliferation. Western Ghats and surrounding regions may be deprived of normal precipitation due to abnormal monsoon.Plant species requiring high humidity and water may find them under difficult conditions for survival. Plains of India will alsohave similar kind of problems and will be affected either by drought or excessive rains, floods and seasonal variations. Commercialproduction of flowers particularly grown under open field conditions will be severely affected leading to poor flowering,improper floral development and colour besides reduction in flower size and short blooming period. On the basis of abovearticle we can say that the most effective way to mitigate the climate change is to adopt a sustainable development pathway,besides using renewable energy, forest and water conservation, reforestation etc. Awareness and educational programmes forthe growers, modification of present horticultural practices and greater use of green house technology are some of the solutionsto minimize the effect of climate change. Hi-tech horticulture is to be adopted in an intensive way. It is necessary that selectionof plant species/cultivars is to be considered keeping in view the effects of climate change. The performance of differentseasonals may not be satisfactory due to shorter and warmer winter.

GWC 10

SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF KERATINOPHILIC FUNGI FROM INDUSTRIALWASTE HABITATRicha Pandey1 and Vandana Nigam2

1Department of Botany, S.N. Sen BVPG College Kanpur , 2Department of Botany, D.G.P.G. College KanpurEmail: 1 pandeyrich@rediffmail, 2vandananigam@hotmail.com

Eighteen soil samples were collected from industrial waste habitat during 2006-2007 in different seasons and screened for thepresence of keratinophilic fungi by using hair bait technique. In industrial waste maximum number of fungi were isolated inwinter season (8) followed by rainy season (6) and least number of fungi were isolated in summer season (5). Acremonium sp. andBotryotrichum piluliferum were isolated only in winter season (16.67%). Chaetomium globosum was isolated in winter and summerseason and maximum distribution was recorded in winter season (33.33%). Chrysosporium indicum was isolated in all the threeseason and maximum distribution was recorded in summer season (33.33%). C. keratinophilum was equally isolated in summerand rainy season (16.67%). C. tropicum was isolated in rainy season (16.67%). Ctenomyces serratus isolated in winter season(16.67%) and Curvularia lunata isolated in summer and rainy season (16.67%). Malbranchea sp. was isolated only in rainy season(33.33%). Microsporum gypseum and Paecilomyces sp. were recorded in only in winter season (16.67%).

GWC 11

BIODIVERSITY: IMPACT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON BIODIVERSITYShubhi Mishra, Parul Sagar, Ajay Kumar and Uma DeviSaaii College of Medical Science and Technology, KanpurEmail: sachinmishra79@gmail.com

It is believed that global warming is one of the most important threats to our biodiversity. Plants and animals even far fromhuman habitation are now endangered due to global warming and climate change. Extinction is hotly debated, but poorlyunderstood topic in science, the same goes for climate change. When scientist try to forecast the impact global change on futurebiodiversity levels, the results are contentious, to say the least. In addition to warming temperatures, more frequent extremeweather events and changing patterns of rainfall and drought can be expected to have significant impacts on terrestrial biodiversity.The various commitments to check extinction can be-adoptation of ways and means to conserve biodiversity, managingbiodiversity for sustainable use, ensuring equitable sharing of benefits from biological diversity including utilization of geneticresources. Various views are given by various researcher, but as per plan on extinction of bio diversity due to global warmingare –reducing our carbon and green house gas emissions will not make our personal living space more sustainable but it willalso save a money in both the short and long term and make our environment a nice place to live in. While human kind hasability to destroy the planet, we can also help protect and sustain it. By recycling half of our house hold waste, we can save 2,400pounds of CO2 annually. This basic program would result in meaningful reductions in green house gases in United-Statesmeanwhile these performance standards could be recommended to the rest of the world, particularly in the developing countrieswhere most of the growth in emissions will occur. An ultimate goal would be to have a set of performance standards that applyacross the globe.

Global Warming and Climatic Issues

89

GWC 12

BIOPOLLUTANTS: THE DANGEROUS CONTAMINANTSAnamika Pandey*1, Mohd Kamran Khan2, George Thomas3 and Saumya Choudhary4

Department of Molecular & Cellular Engineering, Jacob School of Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Sam HigginbottomInstitute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, INDIA.Email: anamika.biotech@gmail.com

Biopollutants are the most dangerous contaminants found in the indoor environment and need to be kept under control becausethey can lead to serious health consequences. All biopollutants are living organisms, or are derived from them, and they comein many forms. Some produce severe to mild health effects ranging from cancer, pneumonia, fever, asthma and rhinitis tomembrane irritation and headache. Some common biopollutants are: bacteria (E.Coli), fungi (aflatoxin), viruses (influenza),mammals (cats), arthropods (dust mites) and green plants (ragweed). The results of qualitative and quantitative analysis of theatmospheric biopollutants are correlated with the meteorological parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, windspeed and cloud cover. “Effects of introduced, invasive species sufficient to disturb an individual (internal biological pollutionby parasites or pathogens), a population (by genetic change) or a community (by increasing or decreasing the species complement);including the production of adverse economic consequences” were defined as biological pollution (biopollution). This biologicalpollution due to biopollutants presents a distinct threat to the environment. Just as chemicals may contaminate the air, water, orsoil, invasive plants and animals can overwhelm an ecosystem. Whether they come from distant habitats or biotechnology labs,non-native invaders may out-compete native species and diminish biodiversity. New technologies have brought additionalbiopollutants. Genetically engineered (GE) crops have introduced new genetic traits never before found in nature. Biopollutionfrom GE plants has contaminated non-GE and even organic crops. In the short-term this may pose threats to the environment orhuman health. In the most publicized contamination incident so far, the Star Link variety of corn, which has not been approvedfor human consumption, made its way into our food supply. Over the long term, GE pollution threatens biodiversity. Biopollutionfrom genetically engineered organisms is particularly dangerous because it exists on the genetic scale, making it nearly impossibleto control or clean up. For biopollutants to cause problems indoors, they need reservoirs, such as standing water or rottingmatter, although a very dirty, neglected carpet is also considered a reservoir. Biopollutants also must grow or increase inconcentration before they can harm people. And finally they have to be disseminated – away and a means to leave its reservoirand get to the human receptor. In the outdoor environment, we have little control over biopollutants, but indoors we can controltheir reservoirs and amplification by controlling their sources with routine cleaning and preventive maintenance. We have tocontrol the environment – moisture and temperature – so the organism can’t grow and keep any organism or other pollutantsaway from humans. Kill it, remove it or contain it. An efficient, safe way to kill microorganisms is to use a vapor machine thatuses high temperature vapor to kill germs and insects and makes it easy to remove soil from surfaces.

GWC 13

AN IMPERATIVE SCENARIO OF COMMON EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANTS (CETPS)AND POLLUTION CONTROL IN SMALL SCALE INDUSTRY-IN INDIA WITH SPECIALREFERENCE OF CETP AT JAJMAU, (KANPUR (U.P.)Anil Kumar1, B.S. Sachan2, Jitendra Kumar 3, M. M. Rajput4

Assistant Director Seed & Farm, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture And Technology, KanpurAssociate Professor, Deptt. Of Agril. Economics, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, KanpurPh.D. Scholar, Deptt. Of Agril. Extension, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur.5 Reader Deptt. OfAgril. Economic B.N.V. College Rath Hamirpur (U.P.)

The empirical studies on cost of pollution abatement in India show presence of scale economics in waste water treatment. SmallScale Industries in India have an important place in the economy as these procombined treatment of wastewater is considered acost-effective alternative to effluent Treatment by Individual Smalvide substantial employment and value addition per unit ofcapital employed. Besides earning significant amount of Foreign Exchange. However, they also create severe pollution problems.The enforcement of environment regulation mainly comprising command and control type of instrument on Small Scale unitshave been highly unsatisfactory for a variety of Technical, financial and political reasons. The Design of Policy instrument forcontrol of pollution is small scale industries is very challenging in principle. The regulation has various types of Physical, Fiscaland Legal instruments but the presence of large number of small scale industries that lack knowledge funds, technology andskills to treat their effluent. Make the application of conventional regulatory approaches problematic.This paper has developeda framework to examine the cost effectiveness of CETPs in addressing water pollution from Small Scale Industries in India.Analysis in the paper demonstrates that the CETPs besides being potentially Jow cost alternative for pollution control for firms

Abstracts

90

arc cost effective mechanisms for regulatory agencies as well in enforcing environmental regulation on Small Scale Industries.Using a game theoretic framework. This paper demonstrates that Common Treatment of Pollution is Potentially a cost effectiveoption in addressing the water pollution problem in small scale units, and drawing on the experience of operation of commoneffluent treatment plants in lndia. For implementation for CETPs allow the regulator to adopt a more focused strategy ofmonitoring, resulting in the less pressure on regulator’s Budget and better compliances. The paper drawing other experience ofimplementation of various. CETPs in India identifies the factors that have contributed to poor performance of CETPs andsuggests various changes that should be effective to make the CETPs more effective. This paper has policy implication also forother developing countries faced with challenges of Pollution Control in Small numerous and dispersed industrial sources. TheSmall Industrial units may be encouraged to set up common effluent treatment plants which would be cost-effective for both thepolluters and the Regulator and thus would lead to better.

GWC 14

FOOD SECURITY: CLIMATE AND AGRICULTURERohini Pandey1, Suhel Mehandi2, Atul Jaiswal1 and Shweta Pandey1

1Microtech College of Management and Technology (Affiliated by Panjab Technical University) Maldahiya Varanasi-221001,Uttar Pradesh...2Crop Improvement Division, Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kalyanpur, Kanpur-208024, UttarPradesh.

Food security is the state achieved when food systems operate such that “all people, at all times, have physical and economicaccess to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life”(FAO). Average global temperatures are rising and will continue to rise over the coming decades, whatever mitigation measuresare taken, because of stocks of greenhouse gases already in the atmosphere. These rising temperatures are already havingmeasureable impacts, on glaciers and ice caps, sea levels, and rainfall patterns, and these impacts will also increase over the nextdecades. The ultimate temperature rise will depend on mitigation measures put in place to limit emissions over the comingyears. Climate change promises serious negative impacts on agricultural systems. These same systems and the natural resourcesthat support them are already under severe strain from overexploitation, the current climate, and multiple other stresses. Manyof the world’s most vulnerable people depend directly on these systems for their food and livelihoods; and many countries’economies are also highly dependent on them. Agriculture is also adding to the climate change problem. We are at a crossroadsin the development of our planet. The decisions we make now, for agriculture and natural resources as well as for other sectors,may prove to be the most important decisions humankind ever collectively makes. Food security is one of the basic humanrights that are in jeopardy. Today, an estimated one billion people – more than one person in six – do not enjoy that right;without significant changes to agriculture and other natural resource-based systems, hunger and poverty will be perpetuatedlong into the future, and affect many more. We know what to do to raise our chances of a better future. Even without climatechange, we have a moral imperative to turn this knowledge into action. Climate change adds urgency to the situation, but it alsoprovides an opportunity. The products of agricultural research are ready to be implemented in adaptation and mitigationstrategies that will help people build successful livelihoods despite changing conditions. As the future climate unfolds, morewill be needed.

GWC 15

CLIMATE CHANGE AND AGRICULTURE: ITS ADAPTATION & MITIGATIONA. K. Singh, Atar Singh, C. Y. Manikanhaiya and A.S. YadavZonal Project Directorate Zone-IV, Kanpur

The global increase in carbon dioxide concentration is primarily due to fossil fuel use and land use change, while those ofmethane and nitrous oxide are primarily associated to agriculture. As a result we are witnessing global warming. The increasinggreen-house gases (GHGs) resulted global warming by 0.74°C over past100 years and 11 of the 12 warmest years were recordedduring 1995 – 2006. The Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) projections on temperature predicts an increase of1.8 to 4.0°C, by the end of this century. Some changes will affect agriculture through their direct and indirect effects on crops,soils, livestock, fisheries and pests. Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) launched a network project on NationalInitiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA). The project aims to enhance resilience of Indian agriculture to climatechange and climate vulnerability through strategic research and technology demonstration. The research on adaptation andmitigation covers crops, livestock, fisheries and natural resource management. Under Technology Demonstrations component,of NICRA an integrated package of proven technologies has been demonstrated in one village in each selected district foradaptation and mitigation of the crop and livestock production systems to climate variability based on the available technology.

Global Warming and Climatic Issues

91

The 11 KVKs of UP (Bahraich, Gorakhpur, Maharajganj, Gonda, Kushinagar, Jhansi, Chitrakoot, Sonbhadra, Hamirpur, Baghpat& Muzaffarnagar) and 2 KVKs of Uttarakhand (Tehri Garhwal, Uttarkashi) has selected for technology demonstrationscomponent.Swarna sub-1 variety of Paddy demonstrated in Kushinagar, Gonda, and Mahrajganj (61 ha area & 129 farmer’sfields) under flooding situation given 35.0-40.0 q/ha yield as comprise to local variety 20-25 q/ha. The yield gain was 60-75 %higher over the local check.

GWC 16

AGROPEDIA : AN ICT – DRIVEN TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION STRATEGYA.K. Singh, C. Y. Manikanhaiya, Ajit Kr. Srivastava, Yemul Sanjeev N. and Vikram D. SinghZonal Project Directorate, Zone-IV (ICAR), Kanpur

Indian agricultural development has gone through different stages of Green Revolution. Now it is entering another stage ofagricultural transformation i.e. Commercialization and secondary agriculture. Green revolution phase followed from mid-1960to the mid-1980 covering north western & southern states. It spread rapidly in the central & to a lesser extent to the eastern states.Demand of projected food production upto 2020 would be - rice (119 mt), wheat (92 mt), coarse cereals (15.6 mt), pulses (19.5 mt)and milk (166 mt). Keeping in the view of rising domestic demand, we may take advantage of the liberalization & internationaltrade. To achieve greater production efficiency, it also requires farmer education, investment & organizational expertise forcommercialization; and modification in land regulations. Implementation of suitable land use pattern is needed with theconsideration that each region would focus on crops best suited to their agro-climatic characteristics, soil types & water resources.In addition to increase food production, it also needs to apply scientific capabilities and information technology based modulesfor sustainable growth. Agropedia (http://agropedialabs.iitk.ac.in) is an online knowledge repository for information related toagriculture in India with an aim to provide agricultural information on a variety of crops and empower farmers with cropinformation. KVK-Net (http://agropedialabs.iitk.ac.in/extension) is an Agricultural Knowledge sharing platform meant for theexperts at KVK and has interaction tools Blogs, Discussion Board, Event, Community, Chat and Private message. KVK-Net is aplatform designed for the experts at KVKs for sharing information and experiences and where the experts of one region caninteract with the experts of other region. On the other hand, vKVK (http://agropedialabs.iitk.ac.in/kvk) is a platform that connectsKVKs with farmers through internet and mobile technology. It has SMS and Voice messages facility which facilitates effectiveand efficient functioning of KVKs as an agro-advisory service provider.

GWC 17

CROP DEVELOPMENT MODULE FOR CLIMATE CHANGE IN AGRICULTUREA. S. Yadav, S. N. Yemul, Ekhlaq Haider*, Shailendra Singh and Jitendra KumarZonal Project Directorate Zone-IV, Directorate of Extension, CSAUAT, Kanpur

Climate change and agriculture are interrelated processes, both of which take place on a global scale. Global warming isprojected to have significant impacts on conditions affecting agriculture, including temperature, carbon dioxide, glacial run-off,precipitation and the interaction of these elements. These conditions determine the carrying capacity of the biosphere to produceenough food for the human population and domesticated animals. The overall effect of climate change on agriculture willdepend on the balance of these effects. Assessment of the effects of global climate changes on agriculture might help to properlyanticipate and adapt farming to maximize agricultural production. Models for climate behavior are frequently inconclusive. Inorder to further study effects of global warming on agriculture, other types of models, such as crop development models, yieldprediction, quantities of water or fertilizer consumed, can be used. Such models condense the knowledge accumulated of theclimate, soil, and effects observed of the results of various agricultural practices. They thus could make it possible to teststrategies of adaptation to modifications of the environment. Because these models are necessarily simplifying natural conditions(often based on the assumption that weeds, disease and insect pests are controlled), it is not clear whether the results they givewill have an in-field reality. However, some results are partly validated with an increasing number of experimental results.Other models, such as insect and disease development models based on climate projections are also used (for example simulationof aphid reproduction or septoria (cereal fungal disease) development).Scenarios are used in order to estimate climate changeseffects on crop development and yield. Each scenario is defined as a set of meteorological variables, based on generally acceptedprojections. For example, many models are running simulations based on doubled carbon dioxide projections, temperaturesraise ranging from 1°C up to 5°C, and with rainfall levels an increase or decrease of 20%. Other parameters may includehumidity, wind, and solar activity. Scenarios of crop models are testing farm-level adaptation, such as sowing date shift, climateadapted species (vernalisation) need, heat and cold resistance), irrigation and fertilizer adaptation, resistance to disease. Mostdeveloped models are about wheat, maize, rice and soybean.

Abstracts

92

GWC 18

PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA – APPLICATION TO BIOTECHNOLOGYAnamika SrivastavaSAAII College of Medical Science and Technology, KanpurEmail: Anamika1922@gmail.com

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram negative , rod shaped, asporogenous and monoflagellated bacterium that has an incrediblenutritional versatality. It has ability to synthesize Arganine. P.aeruginosa is a soil bacterium that is capable of breaking downpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and making rhamnolipids, quinolones,hydrogen cyanide,phenazines and lectins. It can producewater soluble pigments, which on exposer to ultra-voilet light fluroscenced blue-green light. P.aeruginosa synthesizes twosiderospores,pyochelin and pyoverdin. It can also use iron from enterobactin. P.aeruginosa degrade polycyclic hydrocarbon, it isuseful for environmental detoxification of synthetic chemicals and pesticides and for industrial purposes. It is usually in waterreservoirs polluted by animals and humans, such as sewage and sink inside and outside of hospitals, it is also found in swimmingpools. It can produces Exotoxin A which catalyzes ADP-ribosylation. It can also break down humanimmunoglobulin and serumalpha proteins. It can degrade methylbenzenes, which are the by products of petroleum industries and are commonly used assolvent for enamels and paints as well as in the production of drugs and chemicals. Methylbenzenes are considered asenvironmental contaminants. It can degrade toluene through the oxidation of the methyl group to aldehyde, alcohol and an acid,which is then converted to catechol. It can be used in pollution control.

GWC 19

MICROBE BASED PIGMENTS WITH HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITSNeeraj Nagpal1, Neera Munjal1, Sayan Chatterjee1*

1University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi.Email: neerajnagpal49@gmail.com; neera17390@gmail.com; sayanze@gmail.com.

Nature blessed us with so many microbe based natural colors which can be an answer to the pollution emitted into theenvironment while production of synthetic colors. These synthetic colors not only damages the biodiversity, but also have toxiceffects in case of humans. Consumers are avoiding synthetic food colorants and ready to buy food products with naturalcolorants at premium price. The demand for natural source of such compounds is increasing day by day because of awareness ofits positive health benefits. It is therefore, essential to explore various natural sources of food grade colorants and their usepotentials. Most often, the colorants are extracted from plant material, but other sources such as insects, algae, bacteria, and fungiare used as well. Additionally, organisms other than plants can span the entire colour spectrum and thereby reducing dependenceon synthetic colours. Microorganisms could be made to produce colorants in high yield by inserting genes coding for thecolorant even colorants not naturally produced by microorganisms could be made in this way. Furthermore, natural colorantswill not only be beneficial to the health of human beings, but it will be a boon for the preservation of biodiversity as harmfulchemicals released into the environment while producing synthetic colorants could be stopped.

GWC 20

WATER CONSERVATION AND INDIABrototi Chakraborty, Kirtika Singh, Meenakshi Verma, Saumya Mahajan, Sanskriti SinghaniaEmail: singhaniasanskriti@gmail.com

It is any beneficial reduction in water as well as the preservation of water quality.

A reduction in water use accomplished by implementation of water conservation or water efficiency measures.Improve watermanagement practice that reduce or enhance the beneficial use of water.A water conservation is an action behavioral changedevice technology or improved design. Generation of electricity, helping transportation development of fishery, source ofirrigations and control over flood are some the merits of water conservation, water less urinals, car washes.Infrared or footoperated taps, which can save water by using short bursts for water rinsing. The technique ensure that the designer desiredpayback period is satisfied using “systematic hierarchies approach for resilient process screening techniques” (SHARPS).

Application for water conservation are group irrigation. Flood irrigation, over head irrigation, dry irrigation. etc.The process ofwater conservation in our country is done because of less water resources, it includes rainy, ground, sea, pond and river waterin it, thus to improve and to make batter water facilities.

Global Warming and Climatic Issues

93

GWC 19

MICROBE BASED PIGMENTS WITH HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITSNeeraj Nagpal1, Neera Munjal1, Sayan Chatterjee1*

1University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi.Email: neerajnagpal49@gmail.com; neera17390@gmail.com; sayanze@gmail.com.

Nature blessed us with so many microbe based natural colors which can be an answer to the pollution emitted into theenvironment while production of synthetic colors. These synthetic colors not only damages the biodiversity, but also have toxiceffects in case of humans. Consumers are avoiding synthetic food colorants and ready to buy food products with naturalcolorants at premium price. The demand for natural source of such compounds is increasing day by day because of awareness ofits positive health benefits. It is therefore, essential to explore various natural sources of food grade colorants and their usepotentials. Most often, the colorants are extracted from plant material, but other sources such as insects, algae, bacteria, and fungiare used as well. Additionally, organisms other than plants can span the entire colour spectrum and thereby reducing dependenceon synthetic colours. Microorganisms could be made to produce colorants in high yield by inserting genes coding for thecolorant even colorants not naturally produced by microorganisms could be made in this way. Furthermore, natural colorantswill not only be beneficial to the health of human beings, but it will be a boon for the preservation of biodiversity as harmfulchemicals released into the environment while producing synthetic colorants could be stopped.

GWC 20

WATER CONSERVATION AND INDIABrototi Chakraborty, Kirtika Singh, Meenakshi Verma, Saumya Mahajan, Sanskriti Singhania.Email: singhaniasanskriti@gmail.com

It is any beneficial reduction in water as well as the preservation of water quality.

A reduction in water use accomplished by implementation of water conservation or water efficiency measures.Improve watermanagement practice that reduce or enhance the beneficial use of water.A water conservation is an action behavioral changedevice technology or improved design. Generation of electricity, helping transportation development of fishery, source ofirrigations and control over flood are some the merits of water conservation, water less urinals, car washes.Infrared or footoperated taps, which can save water by using short bursts for water rinsing. The technique ensure that the designer desiredpayback period is satisfied using “systematic hierarchies approach for resilient process screening techniques” (SHARPS).

Application for water conservation are group irrigation. Flood irrigation, over head irrigation, dry irrigation. etc.The process ofwater conservation in our country is done because of less water resources, it includes rainy, ground, sea, pond and river waterin it, thus to improve and to make batter water facilities.

GWC 21

EFFECT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON CLIMATE CHANGE AND FLORA AND FAUNAAnju AgrawalSNSenBVPG College, CSJM University, Kanpur

Everything on planet Earth is interconnected, and when one thing is changed, it alters everything else. This is known as thebutterfly effect, and it is seen everyday. How does global warming set off a chain reaction effects plants and animals around theworld? Like humans, plants and animals need certain conditions to be comfortable and productive. If the thermostat at office isset too low, than a person gets cold and cannot work as well. The same thing happens with plants and animals. If it is too warmor too cold, they cannot reproduce at the same rate. When plants slow down there growth, they are not replenished rapidlyenough to support all the animals which usually feed on them. Fewer plants means that area can support fewer plant eatinganimals. Less plant eaters leads to a decrease in the number of predatory animals. If the growth of the trees are affected than theentire food chain is thrown off balance. Humans are a part of the food chain as well, and when we kill off plants and animalsthrough the changes in the climate we have brought about, we ultimately shorten our own life spans.

Abstracts

94

GWC 22

EFFECT OF PHOTOPERIOD AND PINEAL EXTRACT ON BODY WEIGHT AND GONADSOF GREY QUAIL, COTURNIX COTURNIXAnjali Srivastava, Eshita Pandey, Amita Srivastava and Sabina KhanamDept. of Zoology, D.G.College, Kanpur, U.P.

The pineal hormone melatonin controls reproduction of photoperiodic mammals and is an integral part of the circadian rhythmin birds. This hormone is involved in physiological processes including growth, development, and aging. Melatonin isrhythmically synthesised and released by the avain pineal gland and it imposes periodicity in different aspects of bird life. Theacclimatized quails (12 males, 8 females) were housed in groups of four in wire net cages. 0.1 ml pineal extract was administeredintramuscularly. The birds were kept under two photoperiodic regimes group II (23L: 1D) and group III (23 D: 1L) in male greyquails and under natural conditions (NDL) in female grey quails. Data was analysed using students’t’ test.

Slightly (P > 0.025) rise in body weight of males was found in group II and fall in group III were observed compared with pre-treatment. Highly significant (P > 0.005) increase in group II and decrease in group III was observed in volume of testis posttreatment. The conclusion can be drawn that pineal extract inhibited the size of testis.

In female pineal extract treated group showed marginal (P > 0.025) decrease and increase in body weight after treatment.Marginal (P > 0.025) rise was recorded in diameter of largest follicle of ovary in control group whereas pineal extract experiencinggroup exhibited decrease which was of no significance.

Abiotic Stress Management

95

ASM 01

SCREENING FOR SALINITY TOLERANCE AND IT’S MANAGEMENT IN CHICKPEA(CICER ARIETINUM L.)M. Das , M. Sarkar, D. Roy Choudhury and S. KundagramiDepartment of Genetics & Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural science, Calcutta University

Progressive salinization of agricultural land is a devastating global problem and a substantial constraint to crop production.Chickpea is an important pulse crop and susceptible to salinity.So,identification of salt tolerant genotypes and enhancement ofsalinity tolerance is a primary need to sustain the production of chickpea .In view of the above germination and seedling growthresponses of seventy one indigenous germplasms were evaluated at 0 ds m -1 and 5 ds m-1 levels of salinity in laboratorycondition. Percent reduction over control in root and shoot length under 5 ds m -1 salinity were used for grouping thegermplasms.The germplasms like Digbijoy,DCP 92-3,Murshidabad Local & G24 showed lower percent reduction for both rootand shoot length. Seed treatments with crude plant materials were found to be effective to overcome some biotic and abioticstresses.So,efforts have been made to ameliorate the adverse effect of salinity by treating the seeds of chickpea variety Mahamaya2 with nineteen different crude plant preparations. Effect of seed treatment on rate of imbibition, germination, radical length andseedling vigour under 6 ds m-1 of salt stress condition were examined. Imbibition rate,radical length and germination percentwere higher in treated seeds than untreated seeds under saline condition. Better seedling growth was exerted by the treatmentslike Dhane,Nishinda,Tobacco,Kalmegh and Bel leaf powder. Salinity tolerance of the treated seeds were further tested in 0 ds m-

1 and 6 ds m -1of Hoagland solution. Results depicted that the deleterious effect of salinity can further be countered in a better wayby applying nutrient solution along with herbal treatments. These laboratory tests need to be confirmed under field condition

ASM 02

LIPID PER OXIDATION AS BIOMARKER FOR EVALUATING THE LEVELS OFTOXICITY OF NOSTOC MUSCORUM UNDER MULTIPLE STRESSESKhan Uzma Aftab, Rajesh Chaturvedi and Iffat Zareen AhmadDepartment of Biotechnology, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow-2260269 Nabi Ullah Road, Surajkund Park, Daliganj, Lucknow

Many metal ions are essential as trace elements but at higher concentrations they become toxic. Heavy metals cannot bechemically or biologically degraded and are ultimately indestructible results in formation of free oxide radicals. Lipid oxidationis problematic, as enzymes do not control many oxidative reaction and some of the products of the attack are highly reactivespecies that modify protein and DNA. Malondialdehyde ( (MDA) is a cytotoxic product of lipid per oxidation and an indicatorof free radical production and consequent cellular damage .MDA content was estimated using the procedure described by Heath& Packer (1968).Acceleration of MDA suggest the onset of oxidative damage resulting ROS production boosts over scavengingactivity. We have use lipid per oxidation as biomarker to check the level of toxicity of heterocystous cyanobacteria Nostocmuscorum under single (NaCl,100mM) and multiple stress (NaCl & chloride of heavy metal,10µM). Alkaline earth metal used inthis study are Pb, Zn,Cd,Co ,Mg and Mn .each metal with salt stress has been used as a multiple stress individually. Culture inmultiple stress show reduction in growth could be due to inhibition of normal cell division by metal is primarily attributed totheir binding to sulphahydryl group which is necessary for cell division. However some of the test culture show great adaptationin the stress and show increased cell division than control (culture serving with no stress). Among all the metals in single andmultiple stress, lead has shown greater production of MDA which is considered as a measure of LPO status, Zinc and magnesiumshow similar level of toxicity similarly cadmium and manganese show same ROS production. Test culture in cobalt stress showsexcellent adaptation less production of ROS. Result could be summarized as Pb > Mg, Zn > Cd,Mn >Cont > Co. Multiple stressedculture however depicts different results than single stress. No two metal showed similar level of toxicity. Order of toxicityshown as Pb > Mg > Mn > Cd > Zn > Cont > Co. Heterocystous cyanobacterial used as potent biofertilizer an excellentreplacement of chemical fertilizer. Its quality of well adaptation in stressed environment could be explored as biofertilizer.

ABIOTIC STRESS MANAGEMENT

Abstracts

96

ASM 03

INFLUENCE OF SOIL TEMPERATURE AND SOIL HEAT UNIT AT DIFFERENT DEPTHUNDER POLYTHENE MULCH AND NON POLYTHENE MULCH GROUNDNUT DURINGDIFFERENT GROWTH STAGES IN LATERITIC SOIL OF KONKANN.V. Mhaskar, B.P. Patil and U.V. MahadkarAICRP on Tuber Crops, CES, Wakawali, Tal: Dapoli (MS)

Soil temperature and air temperature are the most important climatic factor that influences on growth, development and yieldof crop. Growing Degree Days (GDD) concept assumes a direct or linear relationship between growth and temperature. Amongstthe improved production technologies, use of transparent polythene mulch in groundnut is reported an miraculous technologyin augmenting the groundnut yield by 20 to 50 per cent. Polythene mulch to groundnut raised the soil temperature by 4 to 5 percent resulting in quicker germination, increase the functional leaves, nodules per plant, photosynthetic efficiency and ultimatelyleading to higher yield. Under the integrated nutrient management field experiment in Rabi 2004-05 and 2005-06, the study ofsoil temperature at 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm depth under polythene mulched groundnut and non polythene mulch groundnut duringcrop growth period was carried out. Results revealed that polythene mulch groundnut increased the daily soil temperature by2 to 3 oC in morning hours and 4 to 5 oC in the afternoon hours during early crop growth stages up to canopy development stage.Thereafter, the increase in soil temperature in non polythene mulch plot was greater than polythene mulch groundnut up tomaturity period. The temperature load in upper layer was more the lower layer of soil. The heat load in soil represented by soilheat unit or soil GDD at different depth and during different phases of crop studied. Out of the different phenophases of the crop,formation of pegs to maturity stage accumulation of larger heat units in the soil. There was no large variation in total soil heatunits of the two years under poly mulching at different depths. Even though the minimum and maximum air temperature wasmore in 2005-06, the total air GDD was slightly more in 2004-05 due to extended duration of 8 days. So it was reflected in to HTUand HyTU.

ASM 04

THE EFFECT OF THERMAL STRESS AND CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS ON FISH LIFERakesh Kumar TiwariDepartment of Zoology, V.G.P.G. College, Dibiyapur, Auraiya – 206 244Email: rakeshtiwari78@yahoo.in

Hazards to life of fish are too many. Yet fish survive and form a significant proportion of aquatic life. This is because they areadapted to their surroundings to the extent that a certain balance is maintained between them and their environment. Local fishpopulations, however, often are subject to sudden and large scale mortalities. This happens due to unusual natural causes. Flashand catastrophic mortalities have arisen from the red tide (1947 outburst off Florida; discoloration of water due to change inspecies of plankton population), seasonal anaerobiosis (spread decomposition), lightening stroke etc. Such mortalities arebeyond remedy. Then there are equally significant mortalities of fish population which stem from causes for which mankind isresponsible. The causes for the pollution are mostly man-made, and therefore a remedy, a control, a prevention is very muchpossible. If unchecked, this pollution will only increase day and day out with the rapid industrialization and ever increasinghuman population.The present fish was selected as models for its continues availability and hardy nature which render to thefish easily handled the necrosis in hepatic tissue, exudation of nuclei from cells disappearance of connection tissue and largedamaged are in hepatic tissue at 330C. The tissue of heart was done to observe the effect of thermal stress for prolonged periods.In testis the cold stress caused shrinkage is inter cellular space and size of seminiferous tubules and in ovary at heat stress at 18hrs. and 24 hrs. caused swelling of ovarian follicle and appearance of large black dot like structure cold stress caused shrinkagein size of ovarian follicle.However, the thermal stress applied for prolonged period in the form of heat or cold stress is alwaysunfavorable to the breeding rate of H. Fossilis (sinha 1988).

Abiotic Stress Management

97

ASM 05

IMPACT OF LEAD CONCENTRATIONS ON GROWTH OF SCENEDESMUS OBLIQUUSShweta Awasthi, Vinod Rishi and A. K. AwasthiDepartment of Botany, Brahmanand College, Kanpur, U.P., India.Email:Shweta.awasthi30@gmail.com

Heavy metals are known as toxic contaminants of environment and becomes a hazards for various life forms of different habitatsincluding aquatic environment specially rivers because they receive the different types of effluents from various sources. In thepresent investigation we have studied the effect of Lead concentrations on the growth and development of Scenedesmus oblquuswhich shows remarkable response against lead concentrations. Gradual increase in the concentrations of Lead Acetate (10, 20, 50and 100 ppm) reduced the rate of multiplication of cells as well as lowers the number of cells per liter.

Abstracts

98

BTS 01

DNA BASED MOLECULAR MARKERS – A REMEDY FOR YELLOW RUSTAnamika Pandey1, Mohd Kamran Khan1, Saumya Choudhary1, Sheeba Khan1, Rais Ahmad2, Erdogan E. Hakki3, Mahinur S.Akkaya4 and George Thomas1

1 Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Department of Molecular & Cellular Engineering,Allahabad-2110072Biotechnology Research Foundation, Kanpur-2080243University of Selcuk, Department of Soil Science & Plant Nutrition, Konya-42079, Turkey4Middle East Technical University, Department of Chemistry, Cankaya, Ankara TR-06800, TurkeyEmail:anamika.biotech@gmail.com

Wheat is the most widely grown crop in the world, representing a major renewable resource for food, feed, and industrial rawmaterials. The world demand for food by an ever-growing population is expected to increase, by about 40% in 2030. Bioticstresses present a major constraint to crop production, with the fungal rusts of wheat being a significant, global problem. Recentstudies suggested that, among the several yield-limiting rust diseases, stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis, is probably themost devastating, widely distributed wheat diseases worldwide. In recent years, new races of stripe rust due to mutation havebeen introduced into wheat production areas in different continents. The migration patterns of wheat rusts are characterized byidentifying their virulence against important rust resistance genes in wheat and by the use of DNA based molecular markers.DNA based marker systems are important in facilitating selection procedure, aiming more durable and broad spectrum bioticresistance. Characterization of disease resistance genes has great importance for the transfer of agronomically important genesto commercial varieties. Gene based molecular markers present an opportunity not only for selection of desired varieties butalso provide the information about sequence polymorphisms in genes. The study to examine the extent of genetic variationamong the diverse rust resistance and susceptible genotypes of wheat and to evaluate DNA based markers for genetic classificationof cultivars of wheat will contribute to determine the divergence between resistant and susceptible varieties and will be helpfulto breeding applications. It will also help the wheat breeders to evolve varieties with diverse genetic background and rustresistance to achieve sustainability in wheat production.

BTS 02

ROLE OF ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA THYLAKOID LUMEN 18.3 PROTEIN (TLP 18.3)GENE IN DEVELOPMENTAL PROCESSMohammad Israil Ansari1* and Tsan-Piao Lin2

1Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow-226 0102Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

Thylakoid lumen 18.3 kDa protein (TLP18.3) gene (At1g54780) of Arabidopsis thaliana has a domain of unknown function, whichis a family of uncharacterized protein. To examine the developmental regulation of this gene, Arabidopsis thaliana TLP18.3 T-DNAinsertion mutant (SALK_109618) and wild type plant were observed for the effect of ABA, NaCl and mannitol on the germinationof seeds. 50 mM NaCl inhibit germination rate in mutant plants than in wild type plants followed by 0.1 µM ABA and 20 mMmannitol. But in control condition also mutant plants have less (54%) germination rate than the wild type plant which havegermination 77%. Arabidopsis thaliana TLP18.3 T-DNA insertion mutant plants (SALK_109618) have shown 6-9 days of floweringdelay but after Agrobacterium mediated transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana TLP18.3 T-DNA insertion mutant with pPZP200GB-TLP18.3 construct rescued the flowering delay and germination. The translational analysis showed TLP18.3 protein accumulationin wild type plant of Arabidopsis thaliana and it was not detected in western blot analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana TLP18.3 T-DNAinsertion mutant demonstrating that this protein was absent in mutant plants. For the subcellular localization of Arabidopsisthaliana TLP18.3, the protoplast of transformed Arabidopsis thaliana TLP18.3 T-DNA insertion mutant after Agrobacterium mediatedtransformation with pPZP200GB-TLP18.3 construct which has GFP green fluorescence image and was completely overlappedwith red auto florescence of chloroplast image clearly showed the chloroplast localization of TLP18.3.

BIOTECHNOLOGY

Biotechnology

99

BTS 03

ASSESSMENT OF MOLECULAR DIVERSITY AMONG DIFFERENT ISOLATES OFCOLLETORICHUM FALCATUM CAUSING A RED ROT DISEASE OF SUGARCANEAdil Iqbal1, Mark Rector Charles1, Neha Agrawal1, Parul Tripathi1, Sulabh Kulshrestha1, Supriya Agrawal1, Anjani Srivastava2,

Ramji Lal2 and Mohammad Israil Ansari1

1Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow-226 010,2Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow-226002

Red rot disease of sugarcane caused by Colletotrichum falcatum is the most dangerous disease of sugarcane. For the rapid identificationof different isolates of C. falcatum, we have standardized the techniques for the quick isolation of DNA from the fungus C. falcatumand followed by the Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). In this study we have used five different isolatescollected from the different locations of northern India. Total DNA isolated from five isolates of Colletotrichum falcatum, whensubjected to PCR using five different RAPD primers revealed 73 DNA fragments. RAPD data analyzed by the unweighted pairgroup method with arithmetic means analysis (UPGMA) for the genetic similarity indicated separate on these isolates into twodistinct clusters. Pathotypes-specific band generated by the RAPD will be used for developing the pathotype identification in redred infected sugarcane.

BTS 04

FOOD SAFETY ISSUES IN INDIAN ECONOMY – CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIESLav SrivastavaSDSN Degree College, Lucknow, Uttar PradeshEmail: lav22srivastava@yahoo.co.in

Though India has achieved self-sufficiency in food production and its fluctuations but could not solve the problem of chronichousehold food insecurity. This necessitated a change in approach and as a result, food energy intake at household level is nowgiven prominence in assessing food security. It has become common practice to estimate the number of food insecure householdsby comparing their calorie intake with required norms. However, the widely accepted norms of the level of calorie intakerequired for overcoming under-nutrition have been questioned. Climate change has laid major impact on agriculture. Theimplications of climate change on agriculture and vice versa need to be studied and a dedicated research programme should beinitiated to combat global warming. A strong need for policy for India’s food security with an objective to ensure availability offood grains to the common people at an affordable price would enable the poor to have access to food. It would focus essentiallyon growth in agriculture production and on support price for procurement and maintenance of rice and wheat stocks. MinimumSupport Price (MSP) stood as procurement price rather than being a support price to ensure minimum production. The richfarmers and traders have cornered most of the benefits under the support price policy. To reduce the fiscal deficit, the governmenthas sought to curtail the food subsidy bill by raising the issue price of food grains and linking it to the economic cost at whichthe FCI supplies food grains. The low quality of PDS grains and the poor service at PDS shops have forced many people toswitchover to market, which offers better quality grains, allows purchase on credit and ensures flexibility to purchase in smallquantities. There is a great need to shift from existing expensive, inefficient and corruption ridden institutional arrangements tothose which can ensure cheap delivery of requisite quality grains in a transparent manner. Avoid wide fluctuations in prices andprevent distress selling by small farmers, futures market can be encouraged thus phasing out high MSP concept. Crop insuranceschemes can be promoted with government meeting a major part of the insurance premium to protect the farmers againstnatural calamities. Restrictions on food grains regarding inter – state movement, stocking, exports and institutional credit andtrade financing should be renounced. Free trade would help reducing supplies, increased resource-use. To achieve cent per centliteracy, the food security need can be productively linked to increased enrolment in schools. Food coupons may be issued topoor people depending on their entitlement. Decentralization of procurement through the creation of food grain banks in eachblock/ village of the district, from which people may get subsidized food grains against food coupons. The food coupons can benumbered serially to avoid frauds. However, instead of concentrating only on rice or wheat, the food crop with a potential in thearea must be encouraged. Creation of necessary infrastructure like irrigation facilities will also simulate private investments inagriculture. The focus on accelerated food grains production on a sustainable basis and free trade in grains would help createmassive employment and reduce the incidence of poverty in rural areas. This will lead to faster economic growth and givepurchasing power to the people.

Abstracts

100

BTS 05

PCR BASED DETECTION OF YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS CAUSING YELLOW MOSAICDISEASE IN DOLICHOS PLANTDeepika Gautam1 and Rais Ahmad2

1Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Central University, Lucknow, 2Biotechnology Research Foundation, Kanpur- 208024Email: deepgautam87@gmail.com

Dolichos (Lablab perpureus L.(sweet) known as Dolichos bean, Hyacinth bean, field bean or Sem is one of the most ancient cropsamong cultivated plants and is a native to India or South-East Asia. Since 1950s cultivation of dolichos in India has been affectedby dolichos yellow mosaic disease and the causal agent of the disease was first identified as a geminivirus based on electronmicroscopy .The virus was named as Dolichos yellow mosaic virus (DYMV) and shown to be transmitted by the whitefly (Bemisiatabaci). The infected leaves showed characteristics yellow mosaic symptoms that included faint chlorotic specks on leaf lamina,which later develop into bright yellow mosaic patches with small islands of green tissue and mottling. Leaf distortion was alsoobserved. In the present study six primer pairs (viz. DAC1 F/R, DAC2 F/R, DAC3 F/R, DAC4 F/R, DAV1 F/R, DAV2 F/R) weredesigned and tested in PCR for the detection of DYMV infected leaf of dolichos. Four primer pairs (viz. DAC1 F/R, DAC2 F/R,DAC3 F/R and DAC4 F/R) gave positive results whereas two primer pairs (DAV1 F/R and DAV2 F/R) failed to give desiredresults indicating that former primer pairs can be used for the detection of DYMV.

BTS 06

SOMACLONAL VARIATION AS TOOL OF CROP IMPROVEMENTSaumya Choudhary, Anamika Pandey, Mohd Kamran Khan, Sheeba Khan and Pragati MishraSam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Department of Molecular & Cellular Engineering,Allahabad-211007,Email: saumyachoudhary.biotech@gmail.com

Genetic variability is an essential component of any breeding program designed to improve the characteristics of crop plants.Plant breeders have been quick to recognize potentially useful source of genetic variability. The variability generated by the useof a tissue culture cycle has been termed somaclonal variation. Plant tissue culture cycle has provided a new and exciting optionfor obtaining increased genetic variability relatively rapidly and without sophisticated technology. A tissue culture cycleinvolves the establishment of a more or a less differentiated cell or tissue culture under defined culture condition, proliferationfor a number of cell generations and the subsequent regeneration of plants. Two schemes, with and without in vitro selectionhave been generally followed for getting somaclonal variation in a crop plant .The factors influencing somaclonal variation inboth selections are genotype, explant source, duration of cell culture & condition. Karyotype changes, changes in chromosomestructure, single-gene mutations, cytoplasmic genetic changes, mitotic crossing over, gene amplification, nuclear changes andtransposable elements forms the basis of somaclonal variation. Somaclonal variation has successfully played its role in productionof novel variants. In India, two varieties namely Pusa Jai Kisan in mustard Brassica & CIMAP/Bio13 in Citronella have beenreleased so far. It has also played pivotal role in growth of disease resistance, biotic stress resistance, salt tolerance, droughttolerance & alien gene introgression. It is free from the regulatory hurdles that guards recombinant DNA technology. It can bedirectly transferred to field and can be evaluated as a part of ongoing breeding program. One exciting opportunity is to linkmutagenesis and somaclonal variation. In the next 5 years, somaclonal variation should widely be used as a tool of cropimprovement.

Biotechnology

101

BTS 07

GENETIC DIVERSITY BASED ON MICROSATELLITE MARKERS IN MUNGBEANMUTANT LINESS. K. Singh2, G. Roopa Lavanya1*, K. V. Bhat3, G. Suresh Babu, P. Ashok Reddy1, Pronob Jyoti Paul and Yuv Raj Yadav1Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Allahabad School of AgricultureSam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Allahabad-211 007, Uttar Pradesh2National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources Regional Station, Umiam-793103, Meghalaya, India3NRC on DNA Fingerprinting, NBPGR, Pusa Campus, New Delhi-110012, IndiaEmail: lavanya.roopa@gmail.com

Estimation of genetic diversity in a crop species is prerequisite for its improvement. DNA markers provide an opportunity tocharacterize genotypes and to measure genetic relationships precisely than other markers. Microsatellite markers are one of themost popular genetic markers due to their characteristic features like high polymorphism, co-dominance, abundantuniformativeness, convenience of assay by PCR and distribution throughout the genome. The use of germplasm with distinctDNA profiles helps to generate breeding populations with broad genetic base. In the present study, SSR markers were used toanalyze the genetic diversity of 30 mutant lines along with its parent PUSA-9072. A total of 8 primers were used for STMSanalyses and 9 alleles were generated and the number of alleles per SSR primer ranged from 1 to 2 with an average of 1.15 perprimer. The size of the amplification products varied in case of each primer and the range was 50bp to 250 bp. The dendrogramconstructed based on SSR data using average linkage, grouped the mutant lines into two different clusters having all the mutantsin one cluster and the parent in other. Clustering pattern based on SSR marker data indicated that there is a narrow genetic baseof mungbean mutant lines. The absence of polymorphism indicates that the mutation were not on the tandem repeat region. Theresults indicate the usefulness of SSR in the assessment of genetic diversity in plants.

BTS08

PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF RECOMBINANT LIPASE FROM ORYZASATIVA FOR ITS EFFECTIVE USE IN FOOD INDUSTRYP. K. Singh and R. P. PandeyDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam HigginbottomInstitute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, AllahabadEmail: pankaj.singh325@gmail.com

Lipase is a unique lypolytic enzyme that directly catalyses lipids and fats. It is third most important enzyme after proteases andcarbohydrate degrading enzymes. Though seed lipases are specific in activity they were not much explored. The present workaims to develop a cost effective method to produce large amount of lipase using techniques of genetic engineering. The generesponsible for lipase in rice is cloned in a bacterial host (Escherichia coli) for mass production. Total RNA was isolated andamplified cDNA of lipase gene was obtained using PCR. The entire encoding region for Oryza sativa lipase gene was cloned inhost cell E.coli using expression vectors. The purified fusion protein showed a band approximately 40-45 kDa on SDS respectively.The optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme activity were pH 9.3-11 and 37°C respectively. The enzyme exhibited thehighest affinity and catalytic efficiency to lipid substrate. Moreover, the protein displayed higher lipase activity towards oliveoil and butyric acid. Lipases produced in extracellular production media show more efficiency in terms of both activity andamount. Some activators proved to be efficient in enhancing the activity whereas many others suppressed their activity. Theseresults show that lipase is an enzyme with broad specificity for lipid substrates and they yielded significant insight into thephysicochemical properties and the dynamics of lipase which helps cost effective production of specific seed lipases to be usedin food, dairy and cosmetic industry

Abstracts

102

BTS 09

IN VITRO REGENERATION OF VIRUS FREE PLANTLETS FROM POTATO (SOLANUMTUBEROSUM) THROUGH MERISTEM CULTUREA. K. VishvakarmaDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam HigginbottomInstitute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, AllahabadEmail: kmrarbind@gmail.com

Potato is chief vegetable, good source of carbohydrate and staple food crop in many countries. Potato viruses impose threat ofcrop loss which can be checked by development of virus free potato seeds by meristem culture. Present study aims to develop thesame. In order to produce virus free potato seeds, in vitro culture was established using apical meristem of a widely cultivatedpotato (Solanum tuberosum) variety. Meristem of this variety of potato was cultured for shoot proliferation and evaluation ofvirus elimination in MS medium supplemented with different types and concentration of phytohormones. Among the differentgrowth regulator formulations, 1.0 mg /l GA3+0.01 mg /1 NAA was found to be the best medium for the primary establishmentof meristem. The primary established meristems were subcultured to MS medium containing NAA and IBA singly or incombinations. Considering all the treatments, the use of IBA (5.0 mg/ 1) is recommended for proper shoot development fromprimary meristem. After DAS-ELISA test the virus free in vitro grown potato plantlets were used for massive micropropagation.GA3 and NAA individually or in combinations are used for shoot multiplication; among all these combinations 1.0 mg / 1 GA3was found to be the best media for shoot induction for the studied variety. Visual evaluation of the morphological trials of thetissue culture derived plants showed all plants were found normal and free from virus diseases.

BTS 10

TRANSGENICS IN CROP IMPROVEMENTSheeba Khan1, Anamika Pandey1, Mohd. Kamran Khan1, Saumya Choudhary1 and Preetam Verma2

1Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Department of Molecular & Cellular Engineering,Allahabad-2110072Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, AllahabadEmail: khan.sheeba778@gmail.com

Transfer of genes, between plant species has played an important role in crop improvement for many decades. Plant improvement,whether as a result of natural selection or the efforts of plant breeder, has always relied upon evolving, evaluating and selectingthe right combination of alleles. The overall process of genetic transformation involves introduction, integration and expressionof foreign genes in the recipient host plant. The development of transgenic plants is the result of integrated application of rDNAtechnology, gene transfer methods and tissue culture techniques. These techniques have enabled the production of transgenicplants in food, fiber, fruit and vegetable crops. It has become a source of agriculture innovation. The first generation applicationof genetic engineering to crop agriculture has been targeted towards generation of transgenic plants conferring resistance toviruses, insects, herbicides or post harvest deterioration and accumulation of useful modified products.

BTS 11

CLONING OF HEAVY METAL GENE FROM COTTON FIBER IN TO ARABIDOPSIS(WEED) PLANTShweta TiwariDepartment of Biotechnology, SCMAT, KanpurEmail: shwetatiwarimbt@gmail.com

The Cotton Fiber is a Shrub Native to Tropical and Sub Tropical region around the worlds, including the Africa, America andIndia. The Fiber most often is Spun into Yarn or Thread and used to make a soft, breathable textile, which is the most widely usednatural fiber Cloth in Clothing today. A drastic and incredible increase in the production of cotton is attributed to the inventionof textile machinery and development of different cotton varieties, along with various chemical to bring down the impact ofpests and insects. Also availability of synthetic fertilizer accrued production by improving the fertility of soil. For the functionalcharacterization of gene it needs to be cloned in a vector and transformed in plant, either by particle bombardment techniques,vectors based and Agrobacterium tumifaciens mediated. The heavy metal gene was amplified from cotton fiber by use of gene

Biotechnology

103

specific primer. For the directional cloning need to over hangs of nucleotide at 3’-5’ end of the PCR amplified product. For bluntend ligation in SK+ plasmid Eco RV enzyme is used.

BTS 12

PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF DIFFERENT PHASES OF GERMINATION OF NIGELLASATIVA BY THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHYAisha kamal, Nazia Farooqui, Hayatul Islam and Iffat Zareen AhmadDepartment of Biotechnology, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow, India.

The present paper deals with the phytochemical screening of therapeutic importance from Nigella sativa L., an important medicinalplant, in different phases of seed germination. This study involves qualitative thin layer chromatographic separation of secondarymetabolites from the seeds and different germination phases of N. sativa. The data of qualitative separation of N. sativa seedsduring germination by thin layer chromatography has revealed the presence of four bands of sterols, seven bands of alkaloidsand phenols, five bands of flavonoids and seven bands of glycosides in the tested samples. The data generated from this analysishave provided the chemical basis for the wide use of this plant in germinating stages as therapeutic agent for treating variousailments both in the traditional and folk medicines.

BTS 13

PCR-RFLP ANALYSIS OF THE INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER (ITS) REGIONFOR IDENTIFICATION OF ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI OF SUGARCANESangeeta Srivastava1, Prashant Shekhar Gupta1, Ankita Chaturvedi1, Sunita Lal2, and O.K.Sinha3

1Division of Crop Improvement, 2Division of Crop Protection, 3Project Co-ordinator, AICRP(S), Indian Institute of SugarcaneResearch, Lucknow- 226002.Email: sangeeta_iisr@yahoo.co.in

Molecular genetic studies are increasingly having a major impact on the current systematics of the endophytic fungi. Amongthese, molecular methods based on the analysis of RFLP of the DNA that encodes the ribosomal RNA genes and the non-codingITS and IGS regions have proved useful for the identification as well as differentiation of closely related species and measuringclose phylogenetic relationships of many fungal species. In the current study, we report the use of the polymerase chain reactionand restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of the ribosomal DNA for theidentification of endophytic fungi in sugarcane. These endophytic fungi belonging to Colletotrichum falcatum, Fusarium moniliforme,and Trichoderma viride were collected from meristematic tissues of sugarcane and grown on potato dextrose agar medium. Themycelium was harvested for DNA extraction and PCR amplification of rRNA gene fragment containing ITS1, ITS2 and the 5.8SrRNA gene. The amplification product profile showed molecular size range of 584 - 698 bp. Purified PCR products of each isolatewere digested with the restriction enzymes Alu I, EcoRI, Bam H I, MSe I and Sma I. Three types of RFLP patterns were resolved.The restriction patterns of amplified rRNA obtained with Alu I and Mse I enzyme presented the best profile to identify theseendophytic fungi. The size of the PCR amplification products, combined with the restriction analysis using endonucleases AluI and MSe I, could be used as a rapid method to identify the species.

BTS 14

ROLEOF FOOD SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN MAXIMIZING THE PROFIT FOR FOODINDUSTRYAsif Anasri1, Vikas Kumar2, Enespa3, Chhtarapal Singh4, Preeti Gautam5 and Harivans Kumar Bhargava6

1Amity Institute of Agri-business, Amity Business School, Amity University, Mango Orchard Campus, Lucknow, UttarPradesh-2260102Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh- 2431223Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (A Central University), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh-2260254, 5&6Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (A Central University), Lucknow, UttarPradesh-226025 Email: asif.abm@gmail.com and vs1744@gmail.com

Food safety means assurance that food is acceptable for human consumption according to its intended use and Food SafetyManagement System means the adoption of Good Manufacturing Practices, Good Hygienic Practices, Hazard Analysis and

Abstracts

104

Critical Control Point and such other practices as may be specified by regulation, for the food business (Food Safety andStandards Act 2006). Food safety is a global issue affecting billions of people who suffer from diseases caused by contaminatedfood. This is one of the most widespread health problems and an important cause of reduced economic productivity. Bothdeveloped and developing countries share concerns over food safety as international food trade and cross-border movements ofpeople and live animals increase. Governments worldwide are intensifying their efforts to improve food safety by updatingnational food regulatory systems. The food industry is putting in place modern food safety management systems (FSMS) tosatisfy customers and consumers. The situation of food safety in developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region

BTS 15

STUDY ON FOOD MICROBIOLOGY AND FOOD PRODUCT AT TAJ MILK FOODLIMITED, SAMBHAL DISTRICT, MORADABAD (UTTAR PRADESH)Chhatarpal Singh1 Vikas Kumar2, Preeti Gautam3 and Enespa4

1Department of Environmental Microbiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya-Vihar Rae-bareli Road,Lucknow-226025.2Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly-243122. 3Department of EnvironmentalMicrobiology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (A Central University), Vidya-Vihar Rae-bareli Road, Lucknow-226025.4Department of Environmental Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar (A Central University), Vidya-Vihar Rae-bareli Road,Lucknow-226025Email: cpsingh2012@gmail.com and vs1744@gmail.com

This study was carried out at the Department of Industrial Microbiology, S.M.P.G College, Chandausi; Moradabad (U.P) incollaboration with Taj Milk Foods Limited industry is located at Sambhal, Moradabad (Uttar Pradesh), India during the academicsession 2009-10. Good bacteria, such as probiotics are becoming increasingly important in food science. In addition;microorganisms are essential for the production of foods such as cheese, yogurt, other fermented foods, bread, beer and wine.Inother word we can say that microbiology is the study of how we can identify the micro-organism and culture them, how theylive, how some infect and cause disease and how we can make use of their activities. Powdered milk is a manufactured dairyproduct made by evaporated milk to dryness. The purpose of drying milk is to preserve it; milk powder has a far longer shelf-life than the liquid milk and does not need to be refrigerated, due to its bulk for content. Another purpose is to reduce its bulkfor economy of transportation. Powdered milk and dairy products include such items as dry whole milk, non-fat dry milk, drybuttermilk, dry whey products and dry dairy blends.Milk powdered contain all twenty standard amino acids (the buildingblocks of proteins) and are high in soluble vitamins and minerals. Powdered milk is frequently used in the manufacture of infantformula, confectionery such as chocolate and caramel candy and in recipes for baked goods where adding liquid milk wouldrender the product too thin, it is also used in various sweets such as the famous Indian milk balls know as Rasa- Gullah.

Milk is concentrated up to 45-48% solid concentration in Multiple Effects Falling Film Evaporator with TVR system, the initialsolid in the milk varies from 7.5 to 12.00% depending upon type of milk and the final moisture in the powder ranges between2.5% and 4.00%. Since drying is an energy intensive process, there are the following operational plants are used to make it energyefficient like, Multistage evaporator, Spray Dryer and Vibro Fluid Bed Dryer as second stage dryer. Food product is anysubstance that can be used or prepared for use as food for human consumption is termed as food product; there is different foodproduct which has been made at Taj Milk Food Limited industry plant.The experimental material consists of the followingoperational plants are used to make it energy efficient, there are following apparatus were used under present investigation are,Multistage Evaporator, Spray Dryer and Vibro Fluid Bed Dryer. The observations are recorded on the basis of various parameters,Moisture (in %) Solubility Index (ml), Scorched Particles, Wettability (Sec. Max.), Bulk Density (g/cc), Dispersibility (in %). Onthe basis of present investigation the area of the spherical polygon which is a projection of the rectangular sheet of milk, it isfound that the milk subtends 49 % of the solid angle about the area in the near hemisphere. Similarly, by calculating the sphericalarea of the projection of the reflector we find that it subtends 70% of the solid angle about the area in the far hemisphere.

Biotechnology

105

BTS 16

IN VITRO PLANT REGENERATION STUDIES IN CLUSTER BEAN (CYAMOPSISTETRAGONOLOBA (L.) TAUB.)Swati Verma1, Nagesh K. A.1, Vikas Pruthi1, Kanwarpal Singh Dhugga2, Kulvinder Singh Gill3 and G. S. Randhawa1

1 Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, India2 Crop Research & Development, 7300 NW 62nd Avenue, Johnston, IA 50131, U. S. A.3 Department of Crop & Soil Science, Washington State University, P O Box: 646420, Johnson hall, 277, Pullman,WA 99164-6420,US.Email: 160287swati@gmail.com, sharnfbs@iitr.ernet.in,

Cluster bean popularly known as guar is a drought tolerant annual subtropical legume. Its emergence as a multipurpose cashcrop is due to the presence of gum (galactomannan) in its seed endosperm. Amongst all other guar producing countries, India isa major contributor amounting to about 80% of world’s total production. Though guar is an important commercial crop,biotechnological approaches have not been significantly utilized for its improvement. Plant tissue culture studies offer greatpotential for in vitro manipulations like genetic transformation and embryo rescue in plants. Guar is recalcitrant with respect toregeneration and transformation. Also, easily transformable varieties do not undergo rooting in vitro. In the present study, aprotocol for in vitro plant regeneration was standardized in guar. There is no report of transformation in cultivated Indianvarieties, for which an efficient regeneration system is needed to be standardized first. In the present study hypocotyl, cotyledonand cotyledonary node explants were used for regeneration experiment. During the culture, shoot regeneration was observedfrom cotyledonary node explants but cotyledon and hypocotyl explants showed extensive callus proliferation only. Cotyledonexplants showed direct root regeneration except shoot regeneration in the presence of kinetin as plant growth regulator.Expansion was observed in the size of cotyledonary node explants for initial 3-4 days, callus proliferation (green in colour) fornext 10-15 days and shoot induction was observed after about 25 days in the presence of N6-benzylaminopurine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in the medium. Induction of chlorophyll deficient shoots was also observed in cotyledonary nodeexplants. The dwarf regenerated shoots elongated about 2.5-3.0 cm in the presence of gibberellic acid in medium. Root initiationwas observed after about 10 days of transfer of shoots to MS medium supplemented with 4 per cent sucrose and indole-3-butyricacid. After root initiation, it took another 25 days for the formation of complete plantlet with well established root and shootsystem. After one month the plantlets were transferred to cocopeat mixture for hardening under the conditions of adequatehumidity.

BTS 17

PCR BASED DETECTION OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI IN STORED FOODMalik M. Ahmad1, Mahboob Ahmad2, Rifat Hamid2, Saleem Javed2 and M. Z. Abdin1*1Centre for Transgenic Plant Development, Dept. of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110 0622Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Lab, Dept of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi-110 062Email: mzabdin@rediffmail.com

Aspergilli are weak opportunistic pathogens of 40-50% agricultural crops. In particular, Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus infectmany crops such as maize, cotton, groundnuts, as well as tree nuts such as Brazil nuts, pecans, pistachio nuts, and walnuts. Thesehave evolved a battery of mechanisms to breach the resistance of host plant which can be shown by their ability to attack seedsof both monocots and dicots, and to infect pre and post-harvest seeds produced both above and below the ground. They oftencontaminate foodstuffs and feedstuffs by producing mycotoxins that threaten humans and animals, and cause heavy losses ofcrops. Out of 300 different mycotoxins, aflatoxins has been clustered under Group I type (most carcinogenic) by the WHO.Although aflatoxin contamination of agricultural products still occurs in the developed world, their detection is a major problemin developing countries where contaminated food commodities may readily reach food stores and homes. In the developingworld, where climatic and crop storage conditions are frequently conducive to fungal growth and mycotoxin production, muchof the population relies on subsistence farming or on unregulated local markets. The extent to which mycotoxins affect humanhealth is difficult to investigate in countries whose health systems lack capacity and in which resources are limited. Thus, foodsafety remains an important opportunity for addressing current health problems in developing countries. The development ofsophisticated kits for the detection of minute amounts of aflatoxins is the most important step towards safer foods and feeds inthese countries. Aflatoxin-producing fungi (A. flavus, A. parasiticus) were grown in potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 28±2 °C for 3days. Their ability of producing aflatoxin B1 was confirmed for production by HPTLC. After optimization of in vitro amplificationconditions of aflP gene, their sensitivity was evaluated by serially diluting the DNA. As little as 100 fg of A. flavus and that of 1pg ìl-1 of A. parasiticus diluted DNA was amplified by PCR, the amplification showed that the sensitivity was higher for the latterfungal DNA than the A. flavus. The primers designed showed high specificity by amplifying only aflatoxigenic fungal cultures

Abstracts

106

(A. flavus and A. parasiticus) while the A. versicolor, Fusarium oxysporum and Tricoderma spp. (non-aflatoxin producers) showed noamplification. Amplification of serially diluted (102-108) fungal spores revealed the detection of A. flavus and A. parasiticus withas low as 104 fungal spores whereas spore contaminated peanuts showed the threshold limit with 108 spores at 0 h. Conclusively,the developed method is fast, reliable, specific and much more sensitive than other conventional methods used for the detectionof aflatoxin producing species prior to the toxin production.

BTS 18

INSIGHTS TO DIVERSITY OF DNA BINDING WITH ONE FINGER (DOF)TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GENES IN CEREALS AND MILLETSDinesh Yadav1*, Shubhra Gupta1, Hariom Kushwaha2, Vinay Kumar Singh3, Naveen C Bisht4 and B. K Sarangi5

1Department of Biotechnology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University,Gorakhpur (Uttar Pradesh), INDIA ,2Department of Biotechnology, Integral University, Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), INDIA,3School of Biotechnology, BHU, Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh), INDIA ,4National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi,INDIA ,5Environmental Biotechnology Division, NEERI, Nagpur, Maharashtra 440 020, India* E-mail- dinesh_yad@rediffmail.com

Regulation of gene expression is manifested at several levels namely chromatin conformation, transcriptional, post-transcriptional,translational, post-translational modification, protein localization and protein turnover though the transcriptional control isconsidered to be the most significant of all involving interaction of diverse group of transcription factors(TFs) with variable cis-regulatory elements of different genes. Identification, characterization and classification of transcription factors at the genomescale provide an important resource for study of mechanism of gene expression and regulation. The plant transcription factordatabase comprises of more than 53,319 putative TFs predicted from 49 species.The Dof (DNA-binding with one finger) genes aremembers of a family of plant-specific transcription factors that have a highly conserved DNA-binding Dof domain. The proteinsof Dof family comprises of 200–400 amino acids having a highly conserved domain (Dof domain) of 50-52 amino acids includinga C2C2-type zinc-finger motif at N-terminal end. Dof transcription factors have been shown to be widely distributed in the plantkingdom, including unicellular algae, moss, and vascular plants and involved with diverse functions. In our lab genome wideidentification, in silico prediction and characterization of whole set of Dof gene family of recently sequenced sorghum genomehas been attempted. The cloning and functional validation of the predicted Dof genes is in progress. The importance of analyzingthe whole sets of transcription factors is quite relevant based on shift from gene centric to genome centric approach for cropimprovement with the increasing availability of whole genome sequences of various crops in the days to come.

BTS 19

THE ROLE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY IN CROP DEVELOPMENTZaid ImamSaaii College of Medical Science And Technology, KanpurEMail: Zaidbiotech48@gmail.com

Biotechnology is one of the best hopes for solving the food needs of the poor today, when we have 6 billion people in the world,and certainly in the next 30 to 50 years, when there will be 9 billion on the globe. Molecular biology techniques, such as the useof DNA markers and genomics, are providing valuable insights into the dynamics of biodiversity in crop plants, and thushelping our efforts to understand crop evolution and relatedness between different varieties, thus enabling the intelligent use ofthe available biodiversity. Genetic engineering is the insertion of a segment of DNA containing one or more genes from oneorganism into a chromosome of another organism. So far, there have been about 50 different food crop approvals for geneticallyengineered varieties (U.S.FDA, 2000). Some examples are the S-adenosylmethionine hydrolase gene from a bacterium whichwas added to cantaloupe to control ripening, the Phosphinothricin acetyltransferase gene from another bacterium which confersGlufosinate (Roundup©- an herbicide) tolerance, and the potato that is insect resistant with the cryIIIA gene from Bacillusthuringiensis (Bt) sp. tenebrionis (another bacterium). Now a day’s many transgenic plants developed to cope of from many stresscondition. Osmotin is the key player in both abiotic and biotic stress responses, and also many transgenic plants are producedwith the overexpression of osmotin for biotic and abiotic resistance. Recombinant DNA techniques have already been used todevelop “environmentally-friendly” crop plants with traits that preserve yields and allow farmers to reduce their use ofsynthetic pesticides and herbicides. The next generation of products promises to provide even greater benefits to consumers,such as enhanced nutrition, healthier oils, enhanced vitamin content, longer shelf life and improved medicines. Throughjudicious deployment, biotechnology can also address environmental degradation, hunger, and poverty in the developingworld by providing improved agricultural productivity and greater nutritional security.

Biotechnology

107

BTS 20

APPLICATION OF MICROSATELLITE TO DISTINGUISH INTER-VARIETALS OFBERBERIS LYCIUM ROYLE COMPLEXVivek Tripathi1*, Sandhya Goswami2 and Himanshu Awasthi3

*1Delhi Technological University Bawana Road-Delhi, India 2National Botanical Research Institute ,Rana Pratap Marg-Lucknow, India3Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Virajkhand-5 Lucknow, India

The simple sequence repeat (SSR) or microsatellite marker is currently the preferred molecular marker due to its highlydesirable properties. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize more SSR markers because the number of SSRmarkers currently available in medicinal plants is very limited. Hundred DNA sequences of medicinal plants were searched forSSRs and analyzed for the design of PCR primers. Of the 58 pairs of SSR primers screened against a set of 20 accessions of fourvarieties of Berberis lycium Royle Complex , 30 pairs produced the expected DNA fragments in their PCR products, and 28 of themwere polymorphic with the polymorphism information content (PIC) ranging from 0.09 to 0.67. Among the polymorphic loci,2-6 SSR alleles per locus; 49.2% of these loci had two alleles and 33.8% had three alleles. The vast majority (93.8%) of themicrosatellite loci contained di-or tri-nucleotide repeats and only 6.2 % had tetra and penta-nucleotide repeats. It was also foundthat GC/CG was the most frequent type of repeat, and the polymorphism information content (PIC) was positively correlatedwith the number of repeats. The 20 accessions of four varieties of Berberis lycium Royle Complex were clustered based on thebanding patterns generated by the 28 polymorphic SSR loci. Since the markers developed in this study was primarily fromexpressed sequences, they can be use not only for molecular mapping, cultivar identification and marker assisted selection, butfor identifying gene-trait relations in genus Berberis.

BTS 21

STUDIES ON PERFORMANCE OF EARLY ELITE RICE CULTURES UNDER DIRECTSEEDED CONDITIONS FOR YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITSTej Pratap Singh, A.K. Chaurasia, Gideon J. Synrem and Suhel MehandiDepartment of Genetics and Plant Breeding,Allahabad School of Agriculture, SHIATS, Allahabad-211007, Uttar Pradesh, India.Email: synrem.gideon@gmail.com

An experiment entitled “Studies on performance of early elite rice cultures under direct seeded conditions for yield and qualitytraits.” was conducted in kharif 2009 at the Field Experimentation Centre, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, AllahabadSchool of Agriculture, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad. The material used duringthe experiment was 23 rice genotypes procured from Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad. The experiment was laid inRandomized Block Design and the genotypes were replicated thrice. The observations were recorded for 22 characters, of which15 were quantitative characters viz., days to 50% flowering, number of tillers per hill, number of panicle per hill, number ofspikelets per panicle, panicle length (cm), flag leaf length (cm), flag leaf breadth (cm), plant height (cm), days to maturity,biological yield /hill (g), grain yield/hill (g), grain yield per plot (kg.), grain yield (q/ha.), harvest index (%), test weight (1000grains weight), and 7 qualitative characters viz., hulling percentage, milling percentage, head rice recovery (HRR) %, kernellength of rice (mm), kernel breadth of rice (mm), length/breadth ratio and grain type.The experimental finding on the basis ofanalysis of variance revealed the presence of considerable variation among the germplasm for all the 22 characters except forharvest index. Maximum GCV and PCV for 15 quantitative characters studied was observed in grain yield per plot (26.91/27.63)followed by grain yield (q/ha) (26.89/27.59) and test weight (22.42/22.48). Coefficient of variation studied indicated that phenotypiccoefficient of variation (PCV) was slightly higher than genotypic coefficient of variation GCV for all the 15 quantitativecharacters studied. High estimates of heritability (broad sense) were observed in test weight (99.00) followed by grain yield (q/ha) (95.00) and grain yield per plot (94.00). Highest and lowest genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed in plant height(84.58) and flag leaf breadth (0.34) respectively. The characters that show high heritability and high genetic advance are controlledby additive gene action and can be improved through simple or progeny selection method. Maximum GCV and PCV for 7qualitative characters studied was observed in head rice recovery (20.81/20.88) followed by L/B ratio (13.00/14.29) and kernelbreadth of rice (10.34/12.49). Coefficient of variation studied indicated that phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) wasslightly higher than genotypic coefficient of variation GCV for all the 7 qualitative characters studied. High estimates ofheritability (broad sense) were observed in head rice recovery (99) followed by hulling percentage (98) and milling percentage(96). Highest value of genetic advance as per cent of mean was observed in head rice recovery (21.47) while lowest was observedfor kernel breadth of rice (0.37).

Abstracts

108

BTS 22

SYNTHESIS OF SILVER PHYTO NANOPARTICLES AND THEIR ANTIBACTERIALEFFICACYPoonam Singh, Amit Rastogi and Rohit LallDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Engineering JSBB, SHIATS, Allahabad)Email: drpoonam.singh1@gmail.com

The synthesis of silver phyto nanoparticles and their antibiogram were included in this study. This is the first attempt ofintroducing silver herbal nanoparticle isolation and antimicrobial assessment. It also comprises about the Nanotechnology andtheir achievements in silver nanoparticles descriptions and production. The herbal leaves and their medicinal properties werealready discussed in varieties of ayurvedic studies. The herbal leaves like Ocimum sanctum and Vitex negundo were included toanalyze the productivity of nanoparticles. The synthesis of silver phyto nanoparticles were prepared by adding silver nitratesolution (10-3 M) and the silver phyto nanoparticles were isolated from these herbal leaves. The silver phyto nanoparticles werecollected from each herbal plant and tested their antibacterial activity. The test cultures included in this study were Staphylococcusaureus, Vibrio cholerae, Proteus vulgaris and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The pellets obtained were diluted at the concentration of 1:10and were taken as 25ìl, 50ìl, 100ìl and 150ìl respectively are included in this study. The antibacterial activities of all the herbalnanoparticles obtained from Ocimum sanctum showed maximum inhibitory rate using 150ìg of these plants extract comparedwith Vitex negundo. The silver nanoparticles from herbal leaves showed a good antibacterial activity than the plants used.Further studies needed to find out the efficacy, longevity and toxicity to improve the current investigation.

BTS 23

MULTIPLE SHOOT INDUCTION FROM THE SHOOT TIP EXPLANTS OF CUCURBITAMAXIMASwapanil Yadav, Shivangi Sharma, Sneha Saxena and Aquil AhmadBioarc-Society of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Gandhi-Faiz-e-Aam College, Shahjahanpur-242001, Uttar PradeshEmail: bioarcsociety@gmail.com

The present study was carried out to study the effect of different phytohormones on rate of multiplication of Cucurbita maximaduring in vitro micropropagation. Shoot tip explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented withdifferent BAP, Kinetin and NAA at various levels of concentration and their combination for shoot proliferation. The proliferationrate, shoot quality and other parameters studied indicate that the optimal treatment was 2 mg/l BAP. Shoots were rooted mosteffectively in half strength MS medium supplemented with 5mg/l NAA. Rooted plants were hardened and successfully establishedin soil with 90% survival rate.

BTS 24

BIOTECHNOLOGY- THE CURRENT SCENARIOKartikey Sharan and Madhuri Singh Priti KumariDepartment of Molecular & Cellular Engineering, Jacob school of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam HigginbottomInstitute of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, Allahabad-211007

Biotechnology sector is growing. Altogether, around 27,000 people have jobs in the field of biotechnology. Biotechnology hasbecome the basis and driving factor behind many applications in medicine, the food and feed industry and chemical industry. Itis used in the production of medical drugs, for new diagnosis and therapy concepts, the production of fine chemicals, wastewatertreatment processes or energy production from biomass. Different fields of application have different colors. White or industrialbiotechnology deals with the production of chemical base materials and end products. Biotechnology processes in medicalapplications, such as the development of new medical drugs, are called red biotechnology. Green or plant biotechnology is usedto produce plants that are better nutrient producers or renewable resources. Black biotechnology uses microorganisms as energysuppliers. Black symbolizes the still predominant energy sources of oil and coal. The Federal Ministry for Education andResearch (BMBF) established a specific funding framework for biotechnological research in Germany. At present, there are 25different ongoing initiatives to financially support universities, research institutes, companies or individual researchers byspecific measures. They target all players in the innovation value chain - from basic and applied research and clinics to startups

Biotechnology

109

and companies. Furthermore, the BMBF guarantees institutional funding for the four research societies Max-Planck-Society,  Leibniz Association, Helmholtz Association and the Fraunhofer - Gesellschaft, in which a wide range of researchers areworking in biotechnology research.

BTS 25

CLONING OF “GLYCERALDEHYDES 3-PHOSPHATA DEHYDROGENASE(GAPDH)”GENENavneet Srivastava and Akhilesh Kushwaha*

Institute of Transgene Lifesciences, LucknowEmail: navneetsrivastava2010@gmail.com

This gene(GAPDH) is considered a housekeeping gene(i.e. it always expressed & are involve in basic cell function) because itcodes for an enzyme (GAPDH ) that catalyzes the six step of glycolysis i.e. oxidation of glycereldehyde into high energyphosphate compound 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate using NAD+ as a cofactor(glycolytic reaction) & thus serves to break downglucose for energy. The human GAPDH has been found to be highly expressed in 21 different types of cancer & the control ofgylcolysis may play very important role in future cancer therapies. A protein ‘‘Mr 37,000’ whose expressionis strongly enhancedin human lung cancer tissue is the subunit of glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. We can isolate a GAPDHcomplementary DNA from human lung cancer cell & deduced the complete amino acid sequence of the encoded protein. Inaddition, we have found that GAPDH mRNA expression is markedly increased in human lung cancer tissue. These result disclosea molecular basis of increased glycolysis in cancer cell & reveal an important role of energy creating reaction in cancer cellgrowth.( K. Tokunaga, et al 1987). It has recently been implicated in several non-glycolytic reaction such as transcriptionactivation & initiation of programmed cell death (apoptosis).Cloning of GAPDH was done to increase the no of GAPDH gene &we may also perform the sequencing of GAPDH for obtaining the sequence of the gene. The gene sequence will used in studyingtheir role in metabolic, non-metabolic, drug design and the disease caused by malfunctioning of GAPDH.(S.A. Ismail, 2005) .

BTS 26

CALLUS INDUCTION IN SUGARCANE GENOTYPEMohammad Shahid, Anuradha Singh and P.K. ShuklaDepartment of Biotechnology, B.N.D. PG College, CSJM University, KanpurEmail: mo.shahid@sify.com

The process of callus culture is very useful in somaclonal variations as numerous cells are obtained from callus that develops onan injured site of an explant as variation is very less and it occur in any cell hence it becomes necessary to take a number of cellstogether and find a variation in the plants. With this an effective somaclone is obtained without much of labour. In this studythere are mainly 3 types of callus formed ; (1) Brownish (2) Creamish and (3) Purple callus Creamish callus are of very goodquality. The callus developed was increased as the concentration of 2, 4-D in the MS medium.

BTS 27

STABILIZING AND TARGETING NATURAL COMPOUNDS BY NANOEMULSIONAPPROACHSyed Mohd. Danish Rizvi1 and Deboshree Biswas2

1-2Research Scholar, Integral University, LucknowEmail: danishik786@gmail.com

Natural compounds are becoming more popular in the modern world for their application to cure variety of diseases with lesstoxic effects and better therapeutic effects. However, their physicochemical properties generally result in poor chemical stabilityand lack of in vivo bioavailability. To obtain the best therapeutic response, the suitable amount of these compounds must beabsorbed and transported to the site of action at the right time and the rate of input can then be adjusted to produce theconcentrations required to maintain the level of the effect for as long as necessary. Incorporation of nanoemulsion approach forthe delivery of natural compounds not only helps to increase kinetic stability and enhance pharmacological activity but alsoprovide protection from physical and chemical degradation. Nanoemulsions will also help these compounds to be released in

Abstracts

110

controlled and sustained modes, thereby reducing toxicity and dumping. Additionally, depending on the physiochemicalproperties of these compounds, nanoemulsions can be structurally engineered to maximize their solubilisation as per therequired route of delivery, which is heavily dependent on their chemical structure. Beside this nanoemulsions have the abilityto solubilize hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic compounds in their nanostructure depending on the type of nanoemulsion. TheOil/Water nanoemulsions are used for improving delivery of hydrophobic compounds, whereas Water/Oil nanoemulsions arepreferred for incorporating hydrophilic compounds. Furthermore, effective targeting can be achieved by incorporating suitablehoming molecules on their surface, which in turn recognize and bind to specific receptors on the target molecules. Despite allthese advantages, there is still however a considerable amount of fundamental work characterizing the physico-chemicalbehaviour of nanoemulsions that needs to be performed before they can live up to their potential as multipurpose naturalcompounds delivery vehicles.

BTS 28

PHYTOREMEDIATION OF HEAVY METALS THROUGH TRANSGENIC PLANTSAmit Kumar Singh1, Neelesh Nandan1 and Shashi Bhushan1

Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh.Email:shashiascientist@gmail.com

Phytoremediation of heavy metal is a natural, eco friendly, inexpensive, sustainable cleanup process. It involves rhizofiltration,stabilization, extraction from contaminated soil, water, sediments etc. It promotes remineralization (recycling of minerals),improves the soil fertility, productivity and utility. It is potentially low cost and alternative to traditional clean-up methods. Butit is slow and less efficient process and property of hyperaccumulation of heavy metals is limited to only few species of plants.It is well established that we are polluting the environment faster than the natural remediation processes could degrade thepollutants (especially heavy metals) which enhance passage of contaminants into the terrestrial and aquatic food chains whichmay lead to many diseases, complications especially reproductive and deformities in organisms especially in humans. Bygenetic manipulation we can transform high-biomass producing, non-edible disease-resistant or disease-tolerant weeds likeParthenium hysterophorus, Lantana camara, Eicchornia etc into heavy metal hyperaccumulators. This would restrict the passage ofcontaminants into the food chain and also provide renewable energy. It could be more efficient and viable alternative toconventional remediation by promoting phytoextraction of heavy metal at high and efficient rate.

BTS 29

USE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING IN FOOD SECURITY ANDBIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION.Vibhanshu Kumar, Suyash Pandey and Ranjan KumarInstitute of Biosciences And Biotechnology, C.S.J.M.U. KanpurEmail: vibhu.doctor@gmail.com

Biotechnology deals with manipulation of genetic constitution (through genetic engineering) of an organism to produce desiredresults for human benefit. Food security involves the availabilty of safe nutritious and quantitatively and qualitatively adequatefood for all the people of society. The objective behind the application of biotechnology for food security in developingcountries involves protection of crops against pests and microorganisms’ development of high yielding varieties by incorporationof such genes in the cultivated varieties which enables them to require low nutrients and provide resistance against stress factorssuch as drought and increase their nutritional value (for example: vitamin or mineral deficiency in rice). The approaches involveextensive study and research of desired characters in the biodiversity and their genetic exposure in the conventionally cultivatedcrops. Through Recombinant DNA Technology various characteristics such as production of proteins with antifungal properties, defense against viruses (from transgene derived from Tungro virus), drought tolerance (so that less cultivated or barren landscan be used) can be manifested. In many cases application of biotechnology has proved beneficial. In rice, transgenes providingpro-vitamin A overcomes vitamin A deficiency. Transgenes providing insecticidal properties give eco-friendly pest control incotton ( via selected traits of Bacillus thuringeinsis). Gene At-DBF2 from Arabidopsis thaliana provides capability to withstandenvironmental stress in tomato and tobacco. Genes from Rhizobium bacteria makes crops naturally nitrogen fixing. Biotechnologyis thus cheaper, less time consuming and more effective in context of food security. It does not invent freakish hybrids but ratherincreases yield of cultivated crops. It thus proves indispensable to overcome loss of biodiversity and at same time beneficial topoor farmers in developing countries.

Biotechnology

111

BTS 30

CHALLENGING ROADMAP TO NURTURING INDIAN BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRYAbhishek KumarAmity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226 010, (UP)Email: kumarabhishek1302@gmail.com

Indian Biotechnology Industry contributes about 2% after global biotech industry and employs more than 20,000 resourcepersons with more than 1000 large and small scale industries and institutes. In spite of infrastructure, funds, manpower thecountry needs more as India has proved its potential to contribute more by up-gradation, funding options, venture capitalists,bio-networking, IP development. Various initiatives viz. Small Industry Business Research Initiatives (SIBRI), BiotechnologyIndustry Partnership Programme (BIPP), Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Programme (BIRAP), BiotechnologyIndustrial Training Programme (BITP) initiated by Department of Biotechnology, Govt. of India are harnessing its valuablepotential to derive values from technology-led exports and export of technologies. This has enhanced intensively the networkingof capabilities and facilities within the country. Today, Biotechnology is in hands of developed countries with superior technology,intellectual scientists and good financials etc. that support the industry. In current scenario India is becoming an attractionranking 3rd after Japan and Korea in the Asia wrt. FDIs for biotechnology. But to nurture this industry some key factor shouldbe taken into consideration and stringent actions for their implementation must be taken, such as:

Tough mechanisms and strategic plans for implementation of BT policies like National Biotechnology DevelopmentStrategy.

Provide financial support and to the prioritize biotechnology projects which are commercially exploitable also.

Encourage bionetworking – amongst the biotechnology institutions and industries with corresponding expertise andskills.

Need to address biosafety and bioethics issues on industry and institutional basis.

Emphasis laid an industry – oriented R&D institution system in the biotechnology area.

Enhance manpower development and create a productive work environment for Scientists, and support to the youngintellects.

Provide special assistance to the least developed countries for global development of biotechnology.

BTS 31

USE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING IN FOOD SECURITY ANDBIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION.Vibhanshu Kumar, Suyash Pandey, Ranjan Kumar.Institute of Biosciences and Biotechnology; C.S.J.M.U. Kanpur.Email: vibhu.doctor@gmail.com

Biotechnology deals with manipulation of genetic constitution (through genetic engineering) of an organism to produce desiredresults for human benefit.Food security involves the aviability of safe nutritious and quantitatively and qualitatively adequatefood for all the people of society.The objective behind the application of biotechnology for food security in developing countriesinvolves protection of crops against pests and microorganisms’ development of high yielding varieties by incorporation of suchgenes in the cultivated varieties which enables them to require low nutrients and provide resistance against stress factors suchas drought and increase their nutritional value (for example: vitamin or mineral deficiency in rice). The approaches involveextensive study and research of desired characters in the biodiversity and their genetic exposure in the conventionally cultivatedcrops. Through Recombinant DNA Technology various characteristics such as production of proteins with antifungal properties, defense against viruses (from transgene derived from Tungro virus), drought tolerance (so that less cultivated or barren landscan be used) can be manifested.In many cases application of biotechnology has proved beneficial. In rice, transgenes providingpro-vitamin A overcomes vitamin A deficiency. Transgenes providing insecticidal properties give eco-friendly pest control incotton ( via selected traits of Bacillus thuringeinsis). Gene At-DBF2 from Arabidopsis thaliana provides capability to withstandenvironmental stress in tomato and tobacco. Genes from Rhizobium bacteria makes crops naturally nitrogen fixing.Biotechnologyis thus cheaper, less time consuming and more effective in context of food security. It does not invent freakish hybrids but ratherincreases yield of cultivated crops. It thus proves indispensable to overcome loss of biodiversity and at same time beneficial topoor farmers in developing countries.

Abstracts

112

BTS 32

SYNTHESIS OF METALLIC NANOPARTICLES BY USING NATURAL FACTORIES,THEIR CHARACTERIZATION AND IN VITRO TESTING OF CYTOTOXICITYMohd Saeed, Sana iram, Salman Khan, Manaal Zahera, Moniba RahimResearch Scholar Department of Biotechnology , Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi road, Lucknow-226026, Uttar Pradesh.India. Mobile no: +91-0453895703 Email: saeedmicrobiology@gmail.com

Development of reliable and eco-friendly processes for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is an important step in the field ofapplication of nanotechnology. One of the options to achieve this objective is to use ‘natural factories’ such as biological systems.In this study, we report the synthesis of orthorhombic nanoparticles of neodymium selenide with a size distribution of 29 nmand chemical formula Nd2Se3 based on the crystal structure of the synthesized nanoparticles and cerium sulphide nanoparticleswith chemical formula, Ce2S3 by in vitro synthesis. When Nd(NO3)3, SeCl4, NaNO3, pytochelatin were incubated with NADPH-dependent nitrate reductase, neodymium selenide nanoparticles were formed whereas synthesis of cerium sulphide nanoparticlestook place by incubating Ce(SO4)2, Na2SO3, phytochelatin with NADPH-dependent sulphite reductase. No nanoparticle formationwas observed when the reactions were carried out in the absence of any one of the aforementioned components and theinactivated enzyme. These results suggest apart from active enzyme, phytochelatin also has role in the formation of thenanoparticles. The in vivo synthesis of monodispersed TbO nanoparticles, size about 50nm, was achieved by Fusorium oxysporiumfungus. The in vitro cytotoxicity of these nanoparticles was also checked on human cell lines. Our ability to synthesize thesenanoparticles using non-toxic, environment friendly technique is a giant step forward in developing ‘green’ techniques fornanoparticle production. The nanoparticles were characterized by UV spectra, SEM, Fluorimetry, X-ray diffraction whereas sizedistribution was determined by particle size analyzer. These studies will help in designing a rational enzymatic strategy for thesynthesis of nanomaterials of different chemical composition, shapes and sizes as well as their separation. Due to their longflourescent half life the nanoparticles will act as a stable transporter for the fluorescent dyes and will hopefully enhance thecharacteristics of the dye by improving the signal.

Miscellaneous

113

MIS 01

BIOARTIFICIALS PANCREASPriyanka Pandey and Priti SinghS.N.Sen.B.V.P.G. College, Mall Road, Kanpur

Diabetes mellitus often simply referred to as diabetes—is a condition in which a person has a high blood sugar (glucose) levelas a result of the body either not producing enough insulin, or because body cells do not properly respond to the insulin that isproduced. Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas which enables body cells to absorb glucose, to turn into energy. If thebody cells do not absorb the glucose, the glucose accumulates in the blood (hyperglycemia), leading to vascular, nerve, and othercomplications. There are over 400 million diabetics in the world today. In recent years, many scientists have sought to solve theproblem of varying blood sugar levels by developing an implantable pump that would deliver insulin more consistently thanmanual injections. In some designs, the insulin is slowly, continuously infused; the disadvantage of these is that they cannotrespond to fluctuation caused by variations in diet and activity. In others, the amount of insulin to be infused is controlled by anelectrode that senses the level of sugar in the blood. The difficulty of these designs has been in making an electrode that wouldfunction reliably for many months. Deterioration of the electrode could be disastrous; too large or too small a dosage of insulincould be fatal. The bio-artificial pancreas is fabricated from living and nonliving components. The living component is islets ofLangerhans, which sense glucose levels and secrete insulin according to normal physiology. The nonliving component protectsthe islets from the diabetic’s body and it’s destructive immune mechanisms yet permits the islets inside to thrive. A bio-artificialendocrine pancreas replaces nonfunctioning islets of Langerhans. It responds to changing blood composition with release ofhormones including insulin. A bio-artificial pancreas is implanted into the peritoneal cavity or subcutaneously into the diabeticand contains two to three million islets.

MIS 02

IMMOBILIZATION OF LACCASE ENZYME AND ITS APPLICATION TO THEELIMINATION OF ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALSRohit Lall, Pooam Singh and Amit RastogiDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Engineering JSBB, SHIATS, Allahabad)Email: rohitaaidu022@gmail.com

Laccase (polyphenoloxidase) from the white rot fungus Coriolopsis polyzona was immobilized for first time through the formationof cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs). Laccase CLEAs were produced by using 1000g of polyethylene glycol per liter ofenzyme solution as precipitant and 200uM of glutaraldehyde as a cross linking agent. These CLEAs had a laccase activity of 148U/g and an activity recovery of 60.2% when using 2-2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) as substrate.CLEAs formed by co-aggregated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a stabilizer showed lower activity and affinity for ABTSthan those without BSA. The CLEAs co-aggregated with BSA showed higher residual activity against a protease, NaN3, EDTA,methanol and acetone. The thermo resistance was higher for CLEAs than for free laccase and also higher for CLEAs co-aggregatedwith BSA than for simple CLEAs when tested at a pH of 3 and a temperature of 40°C. Finally, laccase CLEAs were tested for theircapacity to eliminate the known or suspected endochrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) nonylphenol, bisphenol A and triclosanin a fluidized bed reactor. A 100-ml reactor with 0.5mg of laccase CLEAs operated continuously at a hydraulic retention time of150 min at room temperature and pH 5 could remove all three EDCs from a 5 mg/l solution.

MIS 03

BIOREMEDIATION OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL FROM SOIL BY LACCASE ENZYMEAmit Rastogi, Rohit Lall and Poonam SinghDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Engineering JSBB, SHIATS, AllahabadEmail :amitrastogi1986@gmail.com

One of the major problems faced by the world today is the contamination of soil by toxic chemical. With industrialization andthe extencive use of pesticides in agriculture,the pollution of the soil with organic compound has become a serious problem.Laccase from T. versicolor candidate is a strong candidate for atrazine bioremediation in soil with low moisture and organicmatter contents. Laccase from T. versicolor and Pleurotus osteratus to degerade hydroxyl Polychlorinated biphenyls

MISCELLANEOUS

Abstracts

114

(PCBs).Degradation rate constants decreased with increase of chlorination and no degradation was observed with tetra- , penta-and hexa- chloro hydroxyl PCBs in non mediated reactions. The results showed that 3-hydroxy biphenyl was more resistant tolaccase degradation than 2- or 4- hydroxy analogues. A white rot fungi isolated by from paper mill, identified as T. versicolor, wascapable of degrading phenol.C14 synthetic lignin mineralization assay showed that it assimilated 24.3% of total label. During 5days of incubation period, 71% of p- hydroxy bionic acid was utilized when glucose was used as a co- substrate and 56%degradation of protocatechonic acid using fructose. Laccase from T. villosa used to remediate soil polluted with 2,4-DCP (2,4-dichlorophenol).In soil 1, both free and immobilized laccase removed 100% of 2,4- DCP without regard for moisture conditions.In soil 2, immobilized laccase removed more 2,4-DCP( about 95%, regardless of moisture conditions) than free enzyme (55, 75and 90% at 30, 55 and 100% of maximum water- holding capacity, respectively). Laccase from white rot fungi have been also usedto oxidize alkanes, carbazole, N-ethylcarbazole, flurene, and dibenzothiophene in the presence of HBT and ABTS.as mediators.Isoxaflutole is an herbicide activated in soils to its diketonitrile derivative, the active form of the herbicides. Laccases are able toconvert the diketonitrile into the acid. The study of laccase mediator system in the bioremediation of polycyclic aromatichydrocarbons (PAHs) has been extensively reported.

MIS 04

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHANGES IN POND WATER AND BOTTOM SEDIMENTSDURING INTENSIVE POLYCULTURE OF INDIAN MAJOR CARPS IN COOCH BEHARDISTRICT OF WEST BENGAL, INDIAChandan Chakraborty 1, Tarun Misra 2 and Sudip Barat 1*1Department of Zoology, 2 Institute of Plantation Science and Management, University of North Bengal, Siliguri 734 013, WestBengal, IndiaE-mail: sudipbarat@rediffmail.com

The paper details the physico-chemical parameters of water and bottom sediments during intensive culture of Indian MajorCarps in outdoor farmer’s ponds using diets incorporated with locally available ingredients in Cooch Behar district of WestBengal, India. The average water and soil pH ranged between 6.09 to 6.89 and between 4.42 to 4.71, respectively. The averagedissolved oxygen in pond water was quite high (between 11.42 to 13.50 mg/l). Average electrical conductivity of the pond waterand soil ranged between 0.35 to 0.58 mmhos/cm and between 0.22 to 0.42 mmhos/cm, respectively. The average free carbondioxide ranged between 4.68 and 6.13 mg/l, while the average total alkalinity ranged between 116.03 and 119.67 mg/l in thepond water. Average Ammonium-N in the pond water ranged between 0.22 to 0.77 mg/l. The average organic carbon in thebottom soil ranged from 0.98 to 1.38 %, while the average total nitrogen ranged from 0.15 to 0.26 %. All the ponds appeared quitesuitable for aquaculture; however, the average values of water and soil pH appeared extremely acidic. Future research ontemporal and spatial variations in water and bottom soil quality and its effect in augmenting production should be carried out.

MIS 05

A GLOBAL SCENARIO OF EXPORT AND IMPORT POTENTIAL OF AROMATIC ANDMEDICINAL PLANT MATERIAL: THEIR CONSTRAINTS AND PROSPECTSAnil Kumar1 , B.S. Sachan2 , Jitendra Kumar 3 and M. M. Rajput4

5 Assistant Director Seed & Farm, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture And Technology, Kanpur6 Associate Professor, Deptt. of Agril. Economics, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur7 Ph.D. Scholar, Deptt. of Agril. Extension, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur8 Reader Deptt. of Agril. Economic B.N.V. College Rath Hamirpur (U.P.)

In this paper, based on the secondary data obtained from various sources an attempt has been made to identify the horticulturalproducts having vast potential for boosting exports to explore the export opportunity in this global market: to review thepresent status of horticultural export in the country; and their contribution to total export to identify the major constraints andto suggest the strategies for promoting the exports horticultural products. Medicinal plants or herbal medicines as the maincomponents of Traditional system of medicine have been used for thousands of years and have made great contribution tomaintaining human health. The world Trade in the areas of Plant based raw materials for the Pharmaceuticals, drugs, Perfumeryitems, Cosmetic and food additives is fast and increasing . As per one estimate the world Trade in plant based drugs and PhytoPharmaceutical is around 12,000 million on U.S. Dollars which is rise to 33000 million U.S. Dollars by the end of this Century.Similarly the total world production of essential oils, aroma chemicals flavors and fragrances were of the value of 36000 millionU.S. Dollars in 2002 and reached 7 million U.S. Dollars in the year 2004. Although India exported and imported a large number

Miscellaneous

115

of Medicinal and Aromatic herbs essential oils, Armoa chemicals spices, gums and other related Commodities, yet India’s shavein the world Trade has remained rather in significant especially in view of the Country’s riches of the bio- diversity, largeGeographical area and human resources even though the relative importance of medicine plants may be decreasing in the worldtrade, it is increasing in absolute terms due to renewed world wide interest in Natural medicines and newer uses in food andcosmetic Industries, hence in the medium term, prospects appear to be good. The increase in world demand has occurred withoutany significant efforts on the part of India government to promote it globally.A national heritage program in traditionalmedicine was established to ensure that the medical knowledge of experienced practitioners was gathered, recorded and passedon to future generations through formal training programs.After several decades of pharmacognostic and toxicological research,the National Institute of Material Medical in Hanoi has developed a list of 1,869 plants with known safety and efficacy in thetreatment of common medical disorders. Traditional medicine now accounts for one-third of all medical treatments provided.InAfrica governments facing huge bills due to growing AIDS crisis are looking towards indigenous medical practitioners andmedicinal plants in order to identify inexpensive and effective treatment for at least alleviating the suffering of AIDSvictims.Multilateral support for the use of traditional medicine in addressing epidemics is a new development. Funding for thetraditional medicine components of the Uganda AIDS” program has come from the Rockfeller Foundation, World HealthOrganisation and the World Bank, indicating the emergence of a new group of actors in research in to traditional medicine.Anintegrated approach to promote the export of medicinal plants from India right from the stage of cultivation, collection, storage,processing and marketing in an organized manner with the help of leading Indian pharmaceutical companies is suggested for afew select items beginning with the examples of Isabgol. This would include assuring a minimum support price to cultivators forproduction of lsabgol and regulating its supply to world markets to avoid wild fluctuations in its price. Simultaneously, effortsshould be made with the of leading Indian pharmaceutical companies to develop formulations that can be exported the addedvalue, Application in the food industry must be developed. lsabgol has the potential to rival trade of ginseng in the worldmarket because of its use in mitigating the very common affliction of constipation and diarrhoea without any known side effects.Therefore, the government should extend all help in export promotion and market development’s promotional measures forginseng.

MIS 06

A STUDY ON DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF DIFFERENT ECO-RACES OF ERISILKWORM (PHILOSAMIA RICINI DONOVAN) Rajesh Kumar, Amit Srivastava and V. ElangovanDepartment of Applied Animal Sciences Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, (A Central University), Vidya Vihar,Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226025 (U.P.)Email: rajesh.seri@yahoo.in

Like mulberry silkworm, eri silkworm (Philosamia ricini) also prone to several virulent and infectious diseases and pests. Thegerms and symptoms of diseases are more or less similar to those of mulberry silkworm diseases. Flacherie and pebrin occurmore commonly in eri silkworm. However, Samia Cynthia ricini are more resistant to diseases than Bombyx mori and Antheraea sps.Experiment was conducted to assess the incidence of disease during monsoon, autumn, spring and summer seasons in differenteco-races (Borduar, Titabar, Mendipathar and Dhanubhanga) of eri silkworm at Uttar Pradesh. After IIIrd moult three replicationsof 100 larvae were maintained. Observations on grasserie and flacherie disease were recorded till the spinning. The results showthat Borduar and Titabar eco-races of eri silkworm were found to be more susceptible to grasserie and flacherie diseases duringmonsoon and summer season. The Dhanubhanga and Mendipathar eco-races were found to susceptible to grasserie and flacheriediseases during autumn and spring seasons.

MIS 07

ESTABLISHING SILKWORM AS AN ANIMAL MODEL IN CURRENT STUDY SYSTEMSAmit Srivastava and Venkatesh Kumar R.Department of Applied Animal Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar,Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226025 (U.P.), IndiaEmail: dramit.sri7@gmail.com

Sacrificing a large number of mammals causes ethical problems. Research and development over the years have flourished forthe use of animals for testing and other purpose have put this very vibrating area to search for new alternatives. Silkworms haveseveral advantages as model animals for studying bacterial pathogenicity and the therapeutic effects of antibiotics. The 50%effective dose (ED50) values obtained by injection of antibiotics into the silkworm haemolymph were found to be consistent with

Abstracts

116

those reports on mouse. Silkworm model is technically convenient, ethically acceptable can be used on a wider scale in the studyof pathogens and drugs. The current article focuses on benefits of establishing silkworm as excellent model in present studysystems.

MIS 08

CONTROL OF SILKWORM DISEASES THROUGH ADMINISTRATION OFANTIBIOTICSAmit Srivastava, Venkatesh Kumar R. and Rajesh KumarDepartment of Applied Animal Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar,Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226025 (U.P.), IndiaE mail: dramit.sri7@gmail.com

Silkworm Bombyx mori it is much sensitive to environmental fluctuations due to its poikilothermic nature and hence, easilyaffected by various types of infectious diseases causing immense loss under tropical climatic conditions. Antibiotics offerpromising results for the control of pathogens spreading bacterial and viral diseases on silkworm and thereby enhancing theproduction of silk. The present investigation aimed to evaluate the efficacy of newer generation antibiotics with traditional onesin controlling the dreaded diseases of silkworm to increase the production of silk at farmer’s level in Uttar Pradesh climaticconditions

MIS09

BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FRUITS IN DIFFERENT MULBERRY VARIETIESSeema Chauhan Amit Srivastava and Krishna SinghDepartment of Applied Animal Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar,Raebareli Road, Lucknow-226025 (U.P.), IndiaEmail: seemachauhan2010@rediffmail.com

Mulberry is a versatile plant mainly raised for rearing of silkworm, Bombyx mori which utilizes its leaves as their sole food forproduce cocoons. During rearing of silkworms, the mulberry fruits goes worn out, which are potent source of carbohydrates,proteins, fats, anthocyanins, carotenoids and water etc. These fruits are rich in anthocyanins contents, which are playing a keyrole in anti-oxidant activity and are considered as prospective source of natural red food colorant. Since no studies have beenconducted on different varieties of mulberry and their quantification, the present investigations were undertaken to determineprotein, carbohydrates, total carotenoids and total anthocyanins contents in mulberry fruits of different varieties namely BR-2,S-146, S-1, AR-12, AR-14, S-54 and S-36.

MIS 10

EFFECT OF CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT OF DIFFERENT MULBERRY VARIETIES ONREARING PERFORMANCE OF BOMBYX MORIH. Kumar, N.Kumari, M. Kumar, Y. S. Priya and V. ElangovanDept. of Applied Animal Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, RaebareilyRoad, Lucknow-226025 (U.P.), IndiaEmail: k.harendra82@gmail.com

Chlorophyll is an antioxidant which usually found in nature especially in green leafy plants. The chlorophyll content of eightmulberry varieties such as ar12, br2, s1, s13, s146 s1635, tr10 and v1 and their effects on silkworm growth were studied. Totalchlorophyll of all the varieties was extracted individually using acetone as solvent and detected using spectrophotometer at twowavelengths (645 nm and 663 nm). The maximum total chlorophyll content was observed in s146. The bottom leaves of s146showed highest chlorophyll content (21.115 mg/g) compared to apical (13.338 mg/g) and middle (20.567 mg/g) leaves. Thediseased leaves of s146 showed least quantity of chlorophyll content (12. 342 mg/g). The silkworm fed with s146 mulberry leavesshowed better rearing performance than the worms fed by leaves of other varieties. s146 fed larvae showed better cocoonperformance effective rate of rearing (err %), cocoon weight, pupa weight, shell weight and filament length compared to othermulberry varieties. it shows the effect of chlorophyll content on rearing performance of B.mori.

Miscellaneous

117

MIS 11

CELLULASE PRODUCTION FROM BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM AGRICULTURALFIELDS IN DISTRICT HARDOI, UTTAR PRADESH, INDIAVipul Verma, Alpika Verma and Akhilesh Kushwaha*

Institute of Transgene Life Sciences, Lucknow-227105, U.P, India.E-mail: directoritls@gmail.com, vipulverma11@gmail.com.

Cellulose is one of the most abundant polymer found in nature (EC 3.2.1.4). It occurs in almost pure form in cotton fiber and incombination with other materials, such as lignin and hemicelluloses, in wood, plant leaves and stalks, etc. It has already beenused in processing of coffee, in textile industry and in laundry detergents. Cellulose is a long chain polymer, made up ofrepeating units of glucose, a simple sugar, joined together with â-1,4 glycosidic linkages. Cellulases cause hydrolysis of theindividual cellulose fibers to break it into smaller sugars units & finally producing glucose molecules. The soil samples wereobtained (10gm) from Hardoi district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Bacterial colonies were grown over CMC-Agar medium. Maximalcellulase production was obtained after 48 h of incubation at 45 °C in medium containing 1.5% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)as substrate. The optimum pH for the enzyme was found to be ranging between 6.5 and 7.5 at which it was found to be moststable. Bacteriological studies indicated Bacillus subtilis to be the most frequent cellulolytic bacteria to be found in the agriculturalfields. . The purpose of the current investigation was to screen thermophilic Bacillus species isolated from soil in order to studyits suitability with regard to waste treatment in agricultural fields (bioremediation).

MIS 12

PHYTOREMEDIATION POTENTIAL OF AROMATIC SPICE CROPSPreeti Verma1 and R.K.Solanki2

1Agricultural Research Station, Kota2National Research Centre on Seed Spices, Tabiji, Ajmer

Heavy metals are naturally present in the environment. Their occurrence, however, has gradually been increasing with theindustrialization. Cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) are among the most abundant heavy metals in theagricultural soils. Accumulation of heavy metals in food crops grown in metal-polluted soil may easily cause adverse effect onhuman health through food chain. Attention has to be paid to long-term sustainability of food production in such contaminatedareas. Green plants could be very useful in cleaning up the hazardous waste sites. The process of recovery of hazardoussubstances from soil and groundwater contaminated with municipal or industrial wastes by using plants is calledphytoremediation. It is an emerging eco friendly and low-cost in situ technology to degrade, stabilize, and remove contaminantsfrom soils; water using plants. Aromatic spice crops appear to be a good choice for phytoremediation since these species aremainly grown for secondary products (essential oil) and it has been demonstrated that high concentrations of heavy metals insoil did not result in metal transfer into the essential oil – the economic end product of aromatic plants thus the contaminationof the food chain with heavy metals is eliminated. Anise, an aromatic plant grown for essential oil has shown ability toaccumulate heavy metals. Cumin could be used for phytoremediation of soil contaminated with Cd or Pb. Dill can be grown insoils enriched with Cd, Pb, and Cu medium without risk for metal transfer into the oils, and without significant alteration ofessential oil composition that may impair marketability. It can be said that aromatic crops may not have significantphytoremediation potential but growth of these crops is a feasible alternative to earn economic returns from metal contaminatedsoils.

MIS 13

CARBON AND WEIGHT LOSS DURING COMPOSTING OF WHEAT STRAW BYDIFFERENT METHODSRajhans Verma1, W.P.Badole2, B. R. Maurya1, Parvati Deewan3and Vijay singh Meena1

1Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Instt. of Agril. Sci., B. H. U., Varanasi, U.P., India2Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Section, College of Agriculture, Nagpur, M.S.3Department of Agronomy, C.O.A., M.P.U.A.T., Udaipur, Rajasthan, IndiaEmail: raj80v@gmail.com

Total organic matter decreased with the composting and so that reduced the total carbon content in the decomposition process

Abstracts

118

day by day and ultimately formation of humus by the microbial activity. The total carbon balance was estimated in fully andpartially decomposed compost at 175 days. The significantly maximum reduction in total organic carbon (TOC) was observed inNagpur compost method 85.72 % (50.99 to 14.28 %) and lowest TOC reduction observed in Local compost method 73.62 % (50.99to 28.99 %). The minimum percent total carbon balance in Nagpur compost method showed the higher mineralization of wheatstraw compost. On the basis of fully decomposed wheat straw compost the carbon content was worked out at 175 days in thatobserved maximum reduction in total organic carbon content (50.99 to 13.13 % ) and the lowest percent carbon balance (13.13 %)was observed in Local compost method. The biological activity is higher due to maximum reduction in carbon was observed inaerobic method than the anaerobic composting method. The rate of decomposition is directly proportional to sudden increaseof release in CO2 due to increasing biological activity. At maturity of compost by different methods of composting, total percentloss in weight was recorded in fully decomposed and partially decomposed wheat straw compost and maximum loss in weightwas observed in Nagpur method (50.01 %) and lowest in Nadep method (40.20 %). Maximum weight loss is associated with thehigher mineralization of organic matter. However, the maximum percentage (25.17%) of partially decomposed materials wasobserved in Local compost method than other methods.

MIS 14

ANTI-MICROBIAL, ANTI-OXIDANT AND ANTI-CANCEROUS ACTIVITY IN ALOEBARBADENSIS AND EMBLICA OFFICINALISShazia Mansoor and Huma MustafaDepartment of Biotechnology, Integral University, Dasauli, Kursi Road, Lucknow-226026

India has a very long, safe and continuous use of many medicinal plants in alternative system of medicine such as Ayurveda,Yoga, Siddha, Unani, Homeopathy and Naturopathy. Phenolic phytochemical in plants are the major bioactive substanceswhich are involve in the prevention of oxidative stress by eliminating free radicals, stimulation of the immune system,regulation of gene expression and antibacterial effects (Liu, 2004). There is little attention has been directed to the potential anti-cancer plants. The antibacterial action of the plant phenolic compounds is mediated through their reaction with the cell membrane,inactivation of essential enzymes and destruction or functional inactivation of genetic material (Puupponen-Pimia et al., 2001;Vattem et al., 2004). The methanollic extracts of Aloe barbadensis (Liliaceae) and Emblica officinalis (Euphorbiaceae) commonly usedin Unani medicines showed significant anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli,Proteaus vulgaris and Sacchromyces. cereviseae. It is a well established fact that compounds having anti-oxidant activity also showconsiderable anti-cancer activity. The above given plants showed potent antioxidant activity by DPPH, alkaline DMSO and totalantioxidant assay. Different studies showed antioxidant activity of the plant extracts was stronger than the synthetic ones(Meyers et al., 2003; Parejo et al., 2002).The methanolic, ethanolic, chloroformic, acetonic and aqueous extracts showed significantantioxidant activity, as compared to other organic extracts. In DPPH scavenging assay the percentage inhibition value ofmethanolic extracts were found to be in the range of 23.5 ± 2.0 to 98.2 ± 0.73 in 1000 µg/ml of the above plant extracts. L-ascorbicacid was used as standard and percentage inhibition value was found be 68.6 ± 3.23. Cytotoxicity by MTT cell proliferation assayand morphological changes by microscopically showed significant activity in vitro growth assays on HepG2 cell line . Therefore,both the plants showed significant antioxidant activities, as well as biological properties, including cytotoxicity, anticancer andantibacterial activities as a new potential source of therapeutic agents.

MIS 15

ONE SIZE DOES NOT FIT ALL: PHARMACOGENOMICSAnjani Kumar Singh1 and Nawaj KhanAmity University, Lucknow, U.P

Combinatorial pharmacogenetics seeks to characterize genetic variations that affect reactions to potentially toxic agents withinthe complex metabolic networks of the human body. Polymorphic drug-metabolizing enzymes are likely to represent some ofthe most common inheritable risk factors associated with common ‘disease’ phenotypes, such as adverse drug reactions. Therelatively high concordance between polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes and clinical phenotypes indicates thatresearch into this class of polymorphisms could benefit patients in the near future. Characterization of other genes affecting drugdisposition (absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination) will further enhance this process. As with most questionsconcerning biological systems, the complexity arises out of the combinatorial magnitude of all the possible interactions andpathways. The high-dimensionality of the resulting analysis problem will often overwhelm traditional analysis methods.Novel analysis techniques, such as multifactor dimensionality reduction, offer viable options for evaluating such data.

Miscellaneous

119

MIS16

HERBAL FORMULATIONS: A NATURAL KEY TO UNLOCK DIABETIC COMPLICATIONSMehvash Ayeshah Hashmi and V. L. Saxena*Department of Biotechnology and Department of Zoology*, Dayanand Girls’ P. G. College, Kanpur

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition characterized by major derangements in glucose metabolism and abnormalities in fatand protein metabolism. The plant based herbal drugs or botanicals are emerging as the primary components of holisticapproaches to diabetes management. A wide array of plant derived principles belonging to compounds mainly alkaloids,glycosides, polysaccharides, hypoglycans, peptidoglycans, steroids and terpenoids have been demonstrated bioactive againsthyperglycemia. In the present study it was reported that the herbal drug given to the animal models significantly decreasedfasting and postprandial plasma glucose levels in non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. An increased oxidative stress wasalso reported in diabetic models. The lipid profile such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein(LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels were significantly increased in diabetic control animals whereas highdensity lipoprotein levels were decreased when compared to the control animals. After the administration of the drug asignificant decrease in the levels of TC, TG, LDL and VLDL was observed and HDL level was significantly increased. Therefore,traditional medicines or herbal formulations might offer a natural key to unlock diabetic complications.

MIS 17

PHANEROCHAETE CHRYSOSPORIUMPrashant Kumar YadavSaaii College of Medical Science and Technology, KanpurEmail: prashant.jannat@gmail.com

Phanerochaete chrysosporium, a basidiomycete fungus which form a crust instead of mushroom. This crust fungi releases extracellularenzymes such as lignin peroxidase, which degrade the brown lignin of wood and leave the white cellulose part untouchedcausing white rot of wood. This enzyme can degrade only the non-phenol units and act with hydrogen peroxide.The residualactivity of this enzyme could increase if the enzyme is incubated in veratryl alcohol,a secondary metabolite of this fungi.Thuspulp and paper mill industries can use this fungi for Biopulping and could save both energy and time. P.chrsosporium also releaesmanganese peroxidase, which is known to catalyze decarboxylation and demeth(ox)ylation of aromatic substrates.This enables thefungi to degrade various Xenobiotic compounds,DDT,PCBs etc.

During degradation of xenobiotic compound the white rot fungi often polymerizes substantial amount of compound to humicbound product.It also causes decolorization of azo-dyes. In liquid culture medium P.chrysosporium totally decolorizesamaranth,new coccine and orangeG.Thus it could be used for Bioremediation of textile mill effluents. These unmatched properties ofP.chrysosporium makes it very important in Biotechnology.

MIS 18

BIO ELECTRO CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF OLIVE OILShetanshu Dikshit, Shashanki Khanna, Iftikar Aslam TayubiVIT University, Vellore-632014Email: tanu_fundoo@yahoo.co.in

In this work we have undergone degradation of Olive Oil by following Electro-Fenton Reaction and aerobic Bio-Treatment. Oilcontains aromatic compounds that are toxic for most life forms. Among treatment technologies, bio-electro chemical methodwill gain considerable interest. Biodegradation can be measured by aerobic microbes. Treatments of Olive Oil with microorganismsreduce considerably the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and the total phenolic compound concentration, which is responsiblefor its biotoxicity. Degradation was done by using these organisms and degraded particles are collected and given for analyticalanalysis (FTIR). They results better in mixed culture of fungi and bacteria. Biological Oxygen Demand and Chemical OxygenDemand was analyzed in various concentrations (5%, 10%), various pH (pH4, pH6, pH8) and various temperature (300C, 400C) todetermine the efficiency of the organism acted upon the Olive Oil. The Electro Fenton Process removed 96.42% of total polyphenoliccompounds in the Olive Oil and subsequently decreased the COD value from 100% to 3.68%.We are working on our phase 2 i.e.Production of biodiesel from this processed Olive oil.

Abstracts

120

MIS 19

SDS PROTEIN PROFILING, MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIESDURING GERMINATION IN DIFFERENT CROP PLANTSPriti Mathur, Eshan khan, Amit singh, Piyush Pandey, Ankit GaurAmity institute of biotechnology, Amity University, Lucknow-260010,U.P.

A comparative study was conducted to analyse activity of different biomolecules during germination & seedling stage of fourimportant crop –Cicer arietinum, Triticum aestivum, Zea mays, Oryza sativa . Seeds were allowed to germinate upto seedling stage,sprinkled regularly with Hoagland solution. Every stage of germination & seedling was analysed morphologically &biochemically and data were taken on 3rd, 5th, 7th,9th,11th day of germination. SDS PAGE, Protein estimation, amylase activity,total sugar content & chlorophyll content studied in all species. Every species showed different result during germination. Ingeneral it was found that protein, Amylase activity, chlorophyll content increases but sugar content decreases during germinationin plumule part of seedlings. SDS PAGE analysis shows protein band ranging from 14.4 kD to 94 kD during seedling stage.

MIS 20

THE EFFECT OF THERMAL STRESS AND CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS ON FISH LIFERakesh Kumar TiwariDepartment of Zoology, V.G.P.G. College, Dibiyapur, Auraiya – 206 244 IndiaEmail; rakeshtiwari78@yahoo.in

Hazards to life of fish are too many. Yet fish survive and form a significant proportion of aquatic life. This is because they areadapted to their surroundings to the extent that a certain balance is maintained between them and their environment. Local fishpopulations, however, often are subject to sudden and large scale mortalities. This happens due to unusual natural causes. Flashand catastrophic mortalities have arisen from the red tide (1947 outburst off Florida; discoloration of water due to change inspecies of plankton population), seasonal anaerobiosis (spread decomposition), lightening stroke etc. Such mortalities arebeyond remedy. Then there are equally significant mortalities of fish population which stem from causes for which mankind isresponsible. The causes for the pollution are mostly man-made, and therefore a remedy, a control, a prevention is very muchpossible. If unchecked, this pollution will only increase day and day out with the rapid industrialization and ever increasinghuman population.

The present fish was selected as models for its continues availability and hardy nature which render to the fish easily handled thenecrosis in hepatic tissue, exudation of nuclei from cells disappearance of connection tissue and large damaged are in hepatictissue at 330C. The tissue of heart was done to observe the effect of thermal stress for prolonged periods. In testis the cold stresscaused shrinkage is inter cellular space and size of seminiferous tubules and in ovary at heat stress at 18 hrs. and 24 hrs. causedswelling of ovarian follicle and appearance of large black dot like structure cold stress caused shrinkage in size of ovarianfollicle.

However, the thermal stress applied for prolonged period in the form of heat or cold stress is always unfavorable to the breedingrate of H. Fossilis (sinha 1988).

MIS 21

STIMULATION OF NUTRITION AND ANTIOXIDANT PROFILE OF FLAX PLANTSUSING CYANOBACTERIANaresh, L.1, Alex, B.K.2 and Koshy, E.P.3

1&2 .Department of Molecular & Cellular Engineering, 3Department of Tissue Engineeringmailto:blessy.alex@yahoo.co.in Jacob School of Biotechnology & Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture,Technology & Sciences, AllahabadEmail: naresh.lucky679@gmail.com

Flax or linseed, (Linumusitatissimum L.) nature’s richest source of omega-3 fatty acid is a plant that is grown both for its seeds andfor its fibers. They contain 30-40 % fatty acids (linseed oil), esters of linoleic acid (60 %), linolenic acid (20 %), stearic acid (8 %) andoleic acid along with mucilage, proteins and cyanogenic glycosides. The oil also is important in the manufacture of paints, soap

Miscellaneous

121

and printer’s ink. The flaxseed lignan and its mammalian metabolites have been reported to exert protective effects against diet-related chronic diseases through a variety of mechanisms including phytoestrogenic and antioxidant effects.

Cyanobacteria, known for its stimulating effect on growth of different plants, produce bioactive compounds including plantgrowth regulators that effect the growth of inoculated plants. The objective of the present investigation was to stimulatenutritionaland antioxidant system of flax plantby different cyanobacterial species. Seeds presoaked in the culture extract of Nostoc commune,Anabaena flos-acquaeand Westiellopsis sp. enhancedthe germination percentage, vegetative growth, chlorophyll content, antioxidantsystem (carotenoid content, peroxidase enzyme and catalase enzyme activity) of Flax. Westiellopsis showed significant enhancementin biochemical constituents of Flax plants. The germination of flax seeds treated with cyanobacteria was faster than control. 10%extracts of selected species showed effect in enhancing growth of plants. Evidences state that procedure of pretreating the seedswith different cyanobacteria can be used to improve the quality of many plants.

MIS 22

EXTRACELLULAR ACTIVITIES IN HEAVY METAL TOLERANT SOIL FUNGI OFNORTHERN INDIAMohd. Imran1 and Iqbal Ahmad1

1. Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh, India2. Department of Microbiology, Integral University, Lucknow, India

Agricultural soil receiving long- term application of sewage and industrial wastewater may influence soil health in general andmicrobial population and their activities in particular. Heavy metal analysis of the agricultural soil in the vicinity of Aligarhsituated in a state of Uttar Pradesh in northern India, receiving long term application of municipal and industrial wastewatershowed increased level of metal accumulation as compared to soil irrigated with ground water. Heavy metal content ofwastewater showed presence of heavy metals in order of Cr >Ni >Co> Cu >Cd. The impact of heavy metal contamination onemergence of soil fungal population was studied by determining the abundance of culturable fungi on metal incorporatednutrient plates. The data obtained indicated that fungal population develop tolerance to heavy metals at varying level beingmaximum against Cr followed by Cu, Co, Ni and least to cadmium. Control site which received less or no wastewater showedrelatively less metal tolerant fungal population as compared to wastewater irrigated sites. Tolerance level of fungi againstheavy metal was assessed in term of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). MIC value of metal varied from 200-2000 ìg/mlagainst of the 73 fungal isolates tested. Tolerance to heavy metals was found to be dependent upon the nature of the metal andthe test fungi. Within the single most predominant genus, Aspergillus, much variation in the MIC value of the metals was alsoobserved. It may be concluded that long term application of wastewater have resulted a selection pressure on soil fungalpopulation resulting in the development of metal tolerant population. Such metal tolerant fungal strains may have differentmechanism of tolerance which needs further investigation to exploit them in agriculture, pharmaceutical industries and metalpollution management. A total of 73 heavy metal tolerant fungal isolates belonging to common soil fungal genera and someunidentified isolates were screened for their various plant growth promoting (PGP) activities and production of extracellularenzymes relevant to plant growth promotion and industrial use. Of these, 89.04% isolates produced ammonia followed byproduction of indole acetic acid (65.75%), siderophore ((52.05%), phosphate solubilization (42.46%), organic acids (28.76%) andantibiotic production (10.95%). Extra cellular enzymatic activities, like lipase was detected among 95.89% isolates followed byamylase (61.64%), cellulase ((41.09%) and chitinase (36.98%). Distribution of above activities among test isolates varied indifferent fungal genera. Variation among these activities was also evident in the isolates of Aspergillus. Most of the Aspergillusisolates and some other fungi demonstrated multifarious plant growth promoting activities. Fungal isolates with such multipleactivities may be exploited as bioinoculant for plant growth promotion, soil health maintenance and in pharmaceutical industries.

MIS 23

CURRENT SCENARIO TOWARDS DEVELOPMENT AND PROMOTION OF HERBALDRUGSMd. Sarfaraj Hussain1, Mohd. Saeed2, Huma Mustafa2

1Faculty of Pharmacy ,2Department of Biotechnology, Integral University, Lucknow. 226026. India.

Medicinal plants have been widely used to treat a variety of infectious and non-infectious ailments. According to one estimate,25% of the commonly used medicines contain compounds isolated from plants. Several plants could offer a rich reserve for drugdiscovery of infectious diseases, particularly in an era when the latest separation techniques are available on one hand, and thehuman population is challenged by a number of emerging infectious diseases on the other hand. The traditional medicine is

Abstracts

122

increasingly solicited through the tradipractitioners and herbalists in the treatment of infectious diseases. Among the remediesused, plant drugs constitute an important part. Herbal drugs have great growth potential in the global market. Natural productresearch continues to explore Indian Traditional Medicines to develop new novel drugs. A number of medicinal plants havebeen subjected to detailed chemical investigations and this has led to the isolation of pure bioactive molecules which have beenpharmacologically evaluated. As a result, new drugs have been discovered, along with new applications. These bioactivemolecules are used as therapeutic agents, novel starting materials and new reagents for molecular biology research. This paperpresents a study of the importance of natural products, especially those derived from higher plants, in terms of drug development.

MIS 24

IN SILICO CHARACTERIZATION OF CIGARETTE SMOKE CARCINOGENSM. Haneef and M. LohaniDepartment of Biotechnology, Bioinformatics and Microbiology, Integral University, LucknowEmail”: anishik786@gmail.com

The first evidence of a direct correlation between inhaled tobacco smoke and lung cancer was demonstrated in human studies inGermany between 1930-1940; further studies were later confirmed in Great Britain and the US in the 1950s. Although manyfactors in tobacco smoke contribute to lung cancer, the key ingredient, nitrosamine 4- (methylnitro-samino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK, nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone) plays a major role in carcinogenesis.

The most carcinogenic molecules in tobacco smoke belong to two groups:

(i) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and (ii) nitrosamines

While both have shown a significant relationship with lung tumorigenesis, nitrosamines have a remarkably larger effect.Specifically, studies on tobacco smoke have confirmed NNK as the most potent ingredient responsible for lung carcinogenesis.It is also the only carcinogen that systemically induces tumors of the lung. NNK is an aromatic compound with a molecularformula of C10H13N3O2 (MW = 207.2316). This yellow crystalline solid is the most potent carcinogenic compound in the family ofnitrosamines. The crystalline structure of NNK has been characterized and the Chemical structure of NNK is the following:

The study indicates the remarkable activity of NNK and their metabolites, through exposure of NNK via cigarette smoke, ascarcinogen which is thought to lead some possible interaction with few proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and a tumorsuppressor gene such as p53.

In the structural bioinformatics experiment, the selected cigarette smoke carcinogen NNK can be applied in random fashion(blind docking) individually in a part of cell cycle regulation steps and subsequent interactions can therefore be analyzed moreprecisely. It was seen in some cases, that possibly NNK as a carcinogen can initiate and promote carcinogenicity by interruptingthe cell cycle regulation biomarkers.

The studies will help us to understand the underlying mechanism of the selected cigarette smoke carcinogen NNK and theirmetabolites as a potent carcinogen in various parameters such as chemical binding sites, mode of action and flexible alterationin the selected biomolecules/polymers which are directly and indirectly involved in a part of cell cycle regulation by thestructural bioinformatics experimental tools.

The future work will emphasize on the insilico interaction studies of selected cigarette smoke carcinogen with selected biomoleculestargets.

MIS 25

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND CHROMATOGRAPHIC (HPTLC) STANDARDIZATION OFHOLOPTELEA INTEGREFOLIA (STEM BARK)- AN AYURVEDIC DRUGDanish Iqbal, Raju K. Pawar, Rajeev Kr. SharmaPharmacopoeial Laboratory for Indian Medicine, Department of AYUSH,Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad-201001, (U.P.).Email:Danishik786@gmail.com

Background: Holoptelea integrifolia has several medicinal properties but adulteration, inappropriate formulation, or lack ofunderstanding of plant and drug interactions have led to adverse reactions that are sometimes life threatening or lethal. Thesignificant popularity of HPTLC in the analytical testing and standardization of pharmaceutical, bulk drugs and herbal drugslends its fame to the attributes. Objective: The present communication attempts to investigate physico-chemical analysis and

Miscellaneous

123

chromatographic (HPTLC) profiles of Holoptelea integrefolia (stem bark) (Family: Ulmaceae). Material and Method: The physico-chemical properties of aqueous extract values have been analyzed. HPTLC of Hexane extract of Holoptelea integrefolia stem barkwere carried out in two lanes: - T1 – Hexane extract of Local Market Sample Ghaziabad, T2 – Hexane extract of Museum Sampleof PLIM Ghaziabad, to lay down the fingerprint profile of drug by using Linomat V applicator of Camag HPTLC instrument.TLC of the drug on Silica Gel60 GF 254 pre coated plate using Toluene: Ethyl acetate (9:1) V/V as mobile phase. Results: Under UVLight 254 nm four spots appeared of T1 sample and seven spots appeared of T2 sample and under UV Light 366 nm three spotsappeared of T1 sample and six spots appeared of T2 sample. After derivatization of TLC plate with Anisaldehyde-Sulphuric acidreagent followed by heating at 110 0C for 10 minutes; seven spots appeared. Conclusion: The study revealed specific identities forHoloptelea integrefolia (stem bark), Rf values and colour of bands under UV light 254nm and 366nm which may play a key role inidentification of plant (stem bark).

MIS 26

BIOCHEMICAL AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF RHIZOSPHERE MICROBESFaria Fatima , Ira chaudhary, Neelam PathakDepartment of Biotechnology, Integral university, Lucknow

The study presents a combination of morphological, biochemical and molecular approaches for the identification of bacteria andfungi which are abundantly found within the Kukrail forest. A mannitol based protocol for extraction of DNA directly from soilwas developed providing good yield/quality. To understand the occurrence of particular microbes in situ, using nucleic acidtechnology, the direct isolation of DNA from soil comes as an emerging technology in comparison to cell cultivation. Thedevelopment of techniques in molecular biology has led to their application to microbial ecology. The extraction of DNA fromsoil, followed by the application of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to amplify a gene common to all organisms can provideinformation about microbial community structure, microbial diversity, evolution and taxonomy. Thus different methods weredeveloped and compared for DNA extraction from the soil and evaluated on the basis of PCR-based 16S ribosomal DNAanalysis. However, the molecular approach does not seem sufficient for a better understanding of soil functioning. In this regardit is also important to understand the link between community structure and functions in microhabitats, that is, the spatialdistribution of microbial species and their spatial and temporal links with the various microbe mediated reactions in situ. Thesebacterial and fungal strains are further characterized by performing PCR with 16S and 18S primer specific PCR. For identificationof unidentified fungal isolates PCR product was sent for sequencing. For biodiversity analysis RAPD was also performed.

MIS 27

BIODEGRADATION OF CELLULOSE CONTAINING MATERIALS BY RHIZOPUSSPECIESAkhilesh Kumar Singh1 and Nirupama Mallick2

Amity University Uttar Pradesh Lucknow, India. Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, IIT, Kharagpur, WestBengal, India.E-mail: nm@agfe.iitkgp.ernet.in,akhiliit@yahoo.co.in,

A vital objective for second millennium biotechnology will be the enzymatic conversion of renewable cellulosic materials tofermentable sugars. A potent soil isolated fungal strain identified to be of Rhizopus species was effective in breaking downcellulose. Three different substrate were used which included two natural substrate (wheat bran and rice husk) and one derivatizedsubstrate (carboxymethyl cellulose). Of the natural substrates, greater biodegradation was achieved with rice husk. The naturalsubstrates are made up of 50% of cellulose, 25% hemicellulose and 25% lignin. Therefore, alkali treatment was given to rupturethe ternary complex and render the lignin and hemicellulose soluble and extractable. The outcomes indicate that pretreatmentis needed for obtaining better results. Thus, this study showed that Rhizopus could be used for the degradation of cellulosematerials.

Abstracts

124

MIS 28

INFLUENCE OF HYPOXIA ON THE BEHAVIOR AND SERUM PROTEINS IN GREYQUAIL (COTURNIX COTURNIX)Eshita Pandey, Anjali Srivastava, Amita Srivastava and Sabina KhanamDepartment of Zoology, Dayanand Girls College, Kanpur, U.P.Email: eshitapandey@yahoo.com

The existing implications of destructive anthropogenic activities and increasing pollutions on flora and fauna are creating ageneral condition of stress, affecting all organisms including the Aves and that formed the base to conduct the study.

The behavioral changes observed due to induced conditions of hypoxia in experimental Grey Quails (Coturnix coturnix) includedswelling, slower breathing, and later signs of unconsciousness. The changes observed due to induced conditions of hypoxia inserum protein after electrophoresis showed the absence of certain proteins, whose synthesis were checked when conditions werenot favorable. There were indications of proteins whose synthesis were initiated in unfavorable conditions and proteins whosesynthesis were enhanced under conditions of stress.

Such kind of study has not been documented in Aves very strongly and so this work has its importance in this aspect.

MIS 29

CHARACTERISTICS OF REDUCED FAT MILKS AS INFLUENCED BY THEINCORPORATION OF FOLIC ACIDAnjum Afshan, Dr. Deeba jairajpuri, Dr Z.A.R.R Azad, Mr.Rajeev Kumar (Head R&D Parag Dairy, Noida, U.P) andMrs.Radha Srivastava (Research scientist Parag Dairy Products ltd. Noida,U.P)Department of food technology, Faculty of Engineering and interdisciplinary science, Jamia Hamdard University,New Delhi, 110062Email:anjumafsha@gmail.com

Folic acid plays an important role in the prevention of neural tube defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly, heart defects,facial clefts, urinary abnormalities and limb deficiencies. Milk and milk products serve as a potential source for folic acidfortification due to the presence of folate binding proteins which seem to be involved in the folate bioavailability. Though milkis a not a good source of folic acid, fortification could help in the prevention of the above mentioned defects. The objective of thisstudy was to examine the physico-chemical characteristics of reduced fat milks fortified with folic acid. Reduced fat milks wereprepared using 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the recommended dietary allowance of 400 micrograms of folic acid. Treatments includedaddition of folic acid at these levels before and after pasteurization. Color, pH, fat, protein, viscosity, folic acid concentration,folate binding protein concentration, folate binding protein profile, standard plate count and coliform counts were determinedon days 1, 7, 14 and 21. A consumer acceptance test was conducted on day 7. Data from the consumer panel was analyzed usinganalysis of variance (PROC GLM) with means separation to determine the differences among treatments. Data obtained from thecolor, pH, fat, protein, viscosity, folic acid concentration, folate binding protein concentration, standard plate count and coliformcounts were analyzed using the General Linear Model with a repeated measure in time by the Statistical Analysis System.Significant differences were determined at P<0.05 using Tukey’s Studentized Range Test. There were no differences in theelectrophoretic mobility of folate binding protein in the samples. The concentration of folic acid was significantly higher inreduced fat milks fortified with folic acid after pasteurization compared to the treatments to which folic acid was added beforepasteurization. The consumer panelists did not find any significant differences in flavor, appearance and texture of folic acidfortified reduced fat milks compared to that of the control. Fortification of reduced fat milks with folic acid can be accomplishedwithout adversely affecting the product characteristics.

Miscellaneous

125

MIS 30

SAFFLOWER OIL AND ITS BLENDS WITH SESAME OIL AS A HEALTHY COOKINGMEDIUMDr. Gargee YadavAssociate Professor (Chemistry Deptt.)S.N.Sen P.G.College, Kanpur

Vegetable oil is one of the fundamental components in foods and has important functions regarding human health and nutritionalphysiology. There is a demand for healthier oils, which are low in saturated fats such as olive, safflower, canola and sunfloweroils. In this way safflower oil has received considerable attention in past decade as an alternative vegetable oil. The source plantitself has attracted significant interest due to its high adaptability for dry climatic conditions with scanty rainfall. It is a droughttolerant crop which is capable of obtaining moisture from levels not available to majority of crops. It can be grown successfullyon soil with poor fertility and in areas with relatively low temperatures. Quality of oil i.e. its composition is a significant concernfor consumers, particularly the contents of oleic and linoleic acids which are proven as healthy sources of oil for human body.Safflower oil is thought to be one of the highest quality vegetable oils. The .approximate composition being - saturated acidspalmitic acid ( 9%) & stearic acid (3%) mono unsaturated acids oleic acid (14%) and a large amount of poly unsaturated acids (linoleic acid (72%) and linolenic acid ( in traces).

It is thus high in polyunsaturated fatty acids and especially favorable in terms of health benefits when used as part of anutritionally balanced diet. Deep frying is commonly used world wide for the preparation and manufacture of foods and snacks.The nutritional value of the oil is affected by the loss of essential poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) during frying. These PUFAare very susceptible to heating and deteriorate easily forming products which are harmful for human body, thus rendering themunsafe for consumption.

The most common method of stabilizing such oil is modifying the fatty acid composition of the oil. This can be done by severalmethods, physically by blending with other vegetable oil having suitable ratio of saturated, mono and poly unsaturated fattyacids. Chemically, this can be achieved by interesterification and genetically by plant breeding. Of all the above methodsblending is the most potential solution to improve oil stability.

Sesame oil prepared from sesame abundantly grown in India is used as an all purpose cooking and flavoring oil and has uniqueflavor. The oil contains 10% saturated fatty acids and 45% mono unsaturated fatty acid. Blends with different proportions ofsafflower oil (SO) and sesame oil (SeO) are prepared and various parameters are evaluated.

The measurement of the parameters such as peroxide value, iodine value, total polar compounds content, acid value andoxidative stability index of the blend provides an insight into preparation of a blend with optimal properties which can offer ahealthy cooking medium alternative. Fraction of the total polar compounds (TPC) isolated from oxidized oils is the most toxiccomponent, thus frying oil blends containing more than 24-27% of the TPC content should be discarded. The acid value and OSIis the direct evidence for changes in oxidation resistance. Increase in acid value during frying is not acceptable because of thedevelopment of strong off-flavor. The color change measured by changes in color index (CI) of pure and blended oils reflects anoverall chemical degradation and polymerization of the oil and its blends In general the thermal stability of safflower oil issignificantly improved by blending and the frying performance increased with the addition of sesame oil.

fdlkuksa dh [kq'kgkyh dk izrhd

iUruxj chtgj cht&izekf.kr cht] gj cht&ÅitkÅ cht

fuxe dh fof'k"V miyfC/k;ka %

l

lfoHkktu ds mijkUr igyh ckj foRrh; o"kZ 2010-11 esa fuxe dks #- 1192 djksM+ dh okLrfod cpr ,oa

dj iwoZ ykHk #- 3.05 djksM+ gqvkA

ll= 2010-11 esa dqy 4,36,626 dqUry izekf.kr ,oa vk/kkjh; chtksa dh fcØh jch ,oa [kjhQ esa dh xbZA

ljsyos ds ek/;e ls yxHkx 20 o"kksZ dh i'pkr fofHkUu xUrO;ksa ij chtksa dk izs"k.k dj yxHkx #- 2000 yk[k

dh cpr dh xbZA

lfuxe esa foRrh; vuq'kklu yxkus ls foRrh; o"kZ 2010-11 esa fuxe ds [kpks± esa 2.75 dh dVkSrh dh xbZA

d`f"k ds {ks= esa ljkguh; ;ksxnku gsrq o"kZ 2011 esa fuxe dks m|ksx Hkkjrh; lEeku ls vyad`r fd;k x;kA

vf/kd tkudkjh ds fy, lEidZ djsa%

Mk- ih-,l- 'kqDyegkizcU/kd

ih-,l- taxikaxh] vkbZ-,-,lizcU/kd funs'kd

mRrjk[k.M cht ,oa rjkbZ fodkl fuxe fy-iaruxj iks- gYnh&263146] tuin m|eflag uxj

nwjHkk"k % 05944-233596, 230222, 230268( QSDl % 05944-233830, 230240

With best compliment from :

CALL FOR RESEARCH PAPERSFOR

ADVANCES IN LIFE SCIENCES

We invite you to submit high quality of research papers for the publication in all areas of Life Sciences for the first issue of biannual journal “Advances in Life Sciences”.

Advances in Life Sciences will be a multidisciplinary research journal published in March in a year .The contents of journal will include full length original research papers, short communications, mini reviews.

This journal covers wide range of subjects of Life Sciences

•Basic Biological Sciences

•Biotechnology

•Nanotechnology

•Environmental Sciences

•Natural Human Health

•Agricultural

•Horticultural

•Veterinary

•Fisheries

•Other related topics

The aim of the editorial policies is quick dissemination of knowledge in shortest possible time in no case more than six months .

Subscription Information :

Annual Subscription (including registered postage & packaging charges) of print version

Annual Indian Foreign

Individual/Number Rs. 400 US$ 60

Institutional Rs. 2200 US$ 210

Payment can be made through DD/ E-banking to State Bank of India, Kalyanpur branch(Branch Code 010962, IFSC: SBIN0001962), Kanpur in favour to “Dheerpura Society for Advancement of Science & Rural Development” (DSAS&RD) (A/C No. 31575856239) and send to editor-in-chief Dr S.S.Ali. Email payment details to “advancesinlifesciencesjournal@rediffmail.com”.

Submission of manuscript :

Manuscript in duplicate along with a copy of in CD/by e-mail to “advancesinlifesciencesjournal@rediffmail.com” should be submitted to Editor in Chief

Address for correspondence

Dr. S.S.AliEditor-in-ChiefAdvances in LifesciencesH1312 , VIP Lane, Satyam Vihar, Avas Vikas No.1, Kalyan pur , Kanpur 208 018 U.P.,India Ph: 09919388690, 09151175565Email: advancesinlifesciencesjournal@rediffmail.com / ss_ali@rediffmail.comwww.advancesinlifesciencesjournal.com

With best compliment from :

With best compliment from :

With best compliment from :

(Established U/S 2(f) of UGC Act 1956) Modrina Mansion Laitumkhrah Shillong Meghalaya-793003

Admission center-Lucknow-102 G.F Anuj Apartment 2, Dalibagh Tilak Marg - Shaista Siddqui-9559020786

Direct-Admission to Ph.D. Programme/M-tech/M.Phill

Admission to Ph.D. Programme: fees 45000per yearApplications are invited for admission to Full-time/ Ph.D. Programme in the disciplines of Arts , Sciences , Humanities , Management , Law , Medical , Engineering , Lingustics ,Commerce ,Computers , IT ,Finance and other areas relevant to master Degree from UGC recognised University

Course Duration : Three Years (Two Years for M Phil Holders) fees-27000/per year

1. Categories of Scholars/ Admissions

1. Full-time

2. B.ed direct admission in 65000 only n.c.t.e approved kurushetra university.

3. M.b.a,M.sc. biotech,M.c.a,M.PHILL,m.sc.microbiology

Guide will be available here.

CMJ University

Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding &

Seed Science and Technology

Objectives: vTo provide a platform for overall personality development v To impart leadership qualities vTo equip students with proceedings of official meetings.

Office bearers of Executive Committee:President- Ms. Shalini Ch.Vice President- Ms. Deepika SoniSecretary- Mr. Arun KumarJoint Secretary- Mr. Shamshad AhmadTreasurer- Mr. Pronob Jyoti PaulStaff Advisor- Dr. (Mrs.) G. Roopa LavanyaAddress- C/O- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding

Allahabad School of AgricultureSHIATS, ALLAHABAD-211007Email: gera.lavanya@shiats.edu.in

Activities of SocietyThe Society is formed by the students of Allahabad School of Agriculture (ASA), SHIATS, Allahabad in 2004. It conducts various competitions, training camps for student fraternity. It is mandatory for the society to conduct minimum of two activities in each semester. During the current academic year, the society conducted a quiz competition, opened for both UG and PG students of ASA, organized training camp in collaboration with Institute of Transgene Life Sciences (ITLS), Lucknow during 23-24 September, 2011. A Cricket tournament has been conducted during 19-20 November, 2011. Nine teams have participated in the tournament. The society is working to its level best to provide a platform to all students of Allahabad School of Agriculture.

With best compliment from :

Trends in Biosciences

Website: www.trendsinbiosciences.comA Biannual International Research Journal

Online: ISSN 0976-2485, Print: ISSN 0974-8431

Available online - www.indianjournals.comAbstracted In CABI Abstract, U.K.

An international research journal “Trends in Biosciences” is already

incepted in 2008. The aim of the journal is to provide a forum for

Indian and foreign scientists pursuing research in biosciences which

includes all aspects of Biological Sciences, Bio-chemistry,

Biotechnology, Fisheries, Environmental Sciences, Biodiversity and

other related topics falling under Agricultural, Horticultural,

Veterinary, Life Sciences and Pharmacy. The journal focuses on new

developments, trends, innovations for environmental safety and

sustainability and endurance of human race. The aim of the editorial

policies is quick dissemination of knowledge in shortest possible time

in no case more than six months.

Subscription information:Annual subscription (including postage and packing)-

Print version Online version

Annual Indian Foreign Indian ForeignIndividual/No. Rs. 500 +50 * US$ 50 Rs. 700 US$ 50

Institutional Rs. 2,100 +50* US$ 200 Rs. 2,100 US$ 200

*CHEQUE clearing charges : Rs.50, pl. add in above amount for outstation cheques

Payment through demand draft/ E-banking (IFSC: SBIN0001962)must be made to State Bank of India, Kalyanpur branch, Kanpur (branch code: 01962 ) in favour of “TRENDS IN BIOSCIENCES” (A/c No. 31575871348) and send to the following address. For e-banking add Rs. 25/- and email the details of payment to Editor-in-Chief at ss_ali@rediffmail.com

Submission of manuscript:

Manuscript in duplicate along with a copy of manuscript in CD/by e-mail (ss_ali@rediffmail.com) should be submitted to Editor-in-Chief.Address for correspondence: Dr. S. S. Ali, Editor-in-Chief, Trends in BiosciencesH-1312, VIP lane, Satayam Vihar, Avas Vikas No.1, Kalyanpur, Kanpur – 208 018. U.P., India. Tele : (Mob.)+91- 9919388690, +91-9151175565

NAAS Rating -2.7

Trendsin

Biosciences

Dheerpura Society for Advancement of Science and Rural Development

Print : ISSN 0974-8Online : ISSN 0976-2485NAAS Rating - 2.7

Online version available at www.indianjournals.com

www.trendsinbiosciences.com