Modern Slavery: An Introduction | RESPECT

1

MODERN SLAVERY AN INTRODUCTIONRESOURCE GUIDE

3

4

7

14

19

23

24

26

37

INDEX

Background

Hearing VictimsVoices The Cases

Modern Slavery An Overview of the Data

What Makes Up Modern Slavery Today

Terms Definitions and Emerging Trends

Common Human Trafficking Myths

Modern Slavery The Criminal Chain

Traditional Counter Trafficking Responses and Responders

About the Mekong Club

38

Conclusions

References

2The Mekong Club | Modern Slavery An Introduction

MODERN SLAVERY AN INTRODUCTION

33

BACKGROUNDConcern over supply chain labour standards

ŝƐŶŽƚĂŶĞǁƉŚĞŶŽŵĞŶŽŶdŚŝƐƚŽƉŝĐƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚĞǆƉŽƐƵƌĞŝŶƚŚĞĞĂƌůǇϭϵϵϬƐĂƐ

ůĂďŽƵƌĂĐƟǀŝƐƚƐĂŶĚĐĂŵƉĂŝŐŶŐƌŽƵƉƐďĞŐĂŶƚŽĂƐƐĞƐƐƚŚĞůĂďŽƵƌƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐŽĨŵĂũŽƌĂƉƉĂƌĞůĂŶĚĨŽŽƚǁĞĂƌŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌŝŶŐĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐĂƌŽƵŶĚ

ƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ1ƐĂƌĞƐƵůƚŽĨƐĞǀĞƌĂůŚŝŐŚƉƌŽĮůĞŝŶǀĞƐƟŐĂƟǀĞƌĞƉŽƌƚƐďǇũŽƵƌŶĂůŝƐƚƐƚŚĂƚĞǆƉŽƐĞĚ

ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚůĂďŽƵƌǀŝŽůĂƟŽŶƐĂƌĂŶŐĞŽĨĐŚĂŶŐĞƐǁĞƌĞŵĂĚĞƚŽŝŵƉƌŽǀĞǁŽƌŬŝŶŐĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞ

ƐƵƉƉůǇĐŚĂŝŶƐKǀĞƌƟŵĞŚŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƐƚŚĞĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚƚŽŽŬĐĞŶƚƌĞͲƐƚĂŐĞĨŽĐƵƐƐŚŝŌĞĚĂǁĂǇĨƌŽŵ

ůĂďŽƵƌĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶƚŽĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĂůƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐǁŝƚŚĂŶĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐŽŶƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞĐŽŶƐƵŵƉƟŽŶĂŶĚĞĸĐŝĞŶĐǇ

^ƵƉƉůǇĐŚĂŝŶůĂďŽƵƌĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐŚĂǀĞƌĞĐĞŶƚůǇƌĞĞŵĞƌŐĞĚĂƐĂŶŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŝƐƐƵĞĨĂĐŝŶŐŐůŽďĂůĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐdŚŝƐƌĞƐƵůƚĞĚĨƌŽŵďŽƚŚ

ƚŚĞŵĞĚŝĂĂŶĚƚŚĞŐůŽďĂůĐŽƵŶƚĞƌƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇƉůĂĐŝŶŐŵŽƌĞĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐŽŶůĂďŽƵƌƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐǁŚŝĐŚŚĂƐĂƐƚƌŽŶŐůŝŶŬǁŝƚŚƉƌŝǀĂƚĞƐĞĐƚŽƌƐƵƉƉůǇĐŚĂŝŶƐdŚŝƐƟŵĞĂƌŽƵŶĚŝŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶƚŽĂƉƉĂƌĞů

ĂŶĚĨŽŽƚǁĞĂƌŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌĞƌƐŵĂŶǇŽƚŚĞƌŵĂũŽƌŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌŝŶŐĂŶĚƐƵƉƉůǇŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĞƐŚĂǀĞďĞĐŽŵĞƚĂƌŐĞƚƐŽĨŝŶǀĞƐƟŐĂƟǀĞũŽƵƌŶĂůŝƐŵ

ŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐĞůĞĐƚƌŽŶŝĐƐĮƐŚĞƌŝĞƐĨŽŽĚƉĂĐŬĂŐŝŶŐĂŶĚĂŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞDĞĚŝĂƌĞƉŽƌƚƐŚĂǀĞƌĂŝƐĞĚƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐĂďŽƵƚƉŽƐƐŝďůĞůŝŶŬƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶ

ŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌŝŶŐƐŽƵƌĐŝŶŐĂŶĚŚƵŵĂŶƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇ ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĂŝŵŽĨŝŶŇƵĞŶĐŝŶŐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐƚŽƐĞĞŬƐůĂǀĞͲĨƌĞĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƚƐ

The Mekong Club | Modern Slavery An Introduction 3


HEARING VICTIMSrsquo VOICES THE CASES

dŚĞďĂƐŝĐĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐŽĨŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇŝŶĐůƵĚĞƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ

hƐĞŽĨĨƌĂƵĚŽƌĚĞĐĞƉƟŽŶƚŽƚƌŝĐŬĂƉĞƌƐŽŶŝŶƚŽĂŶĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟǀĞůĂďŽƵƌƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶ

hƐĞŽĨĚĞďƚǀŝŽůĞŶĐĞŽƌƚŚƌĞĂƚƐƚŽŚŽůĚƚŚĞƉĞƌƐŽŶŝŶƉůĂĐĞĂŶĚ

gtĂĐŬŽĨĂŶǇƉĂǇŵĞŶƚŝŶĞǆĐŚĂŶŐĞĨŽƌƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚ

ŶĞƐƐĞŶĐĞƚŚĞƉĞƌƐŽŶůŽƐĞƐĐŽŶƚƌŽůŽĨŚŝƐŚĞƌůŝĨĞĂŶĚŝƐĞŶƐůĂǀĞĚƵŵĂŶƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐŐŽĞƐĨĂƌďĞǇŽŶĚǁŽŵĞŶĂŶĚŐŝƌůƐǁŚŽĂƌĞĨŽƌĐĞĚŝŶƚŽƉƌŽƐƟƚƵƟŽŶDĞŶǁŽŵĞŶĂŶĚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂƌĞƐƚŽůĞŶĚĞĐĞŝǀĞĚŽƌƐĞĚƵĐĞĚŝŶƚŽŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐƚŚĂƚĚŽŶŽƚĞǆŝƐƚŝŶƐƚĞĂĚƚŚĞǇďĞĐŽŵĞƐůĂǀĞƐKŶĞŽĨƚŚĞďĞƐƚǁĂǇƐƚŽƋƵŝĐŬůǇƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞĐŽŵƉůĞǆŝƚǇĂŶĚƐŚĞĞƌŚŽƌƌŽƌŽĨŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇŝƐƚŽůŝƐƚĞŶƚŽƚŚĞŝƌƐƚŽƌŝĞƐ

FORCED LABOUR - FISHING BOAT CASE

ǁĂƐŽŶůǇϭϲǇĞĂƌƐŽůĚǁŚĞŶ ǁĂƐ ĨŽƌĐĞĚŽŶƚŽ ƚŚĂƚĮƐŚŝŶŐďŽĂƚ ǁĂƐƚŽůĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞũŽďǁĂƐĞĂƐǇĂŶĚƚŚĂƚĚďĞƉĂŝĚĂŐŽŽĚǁĂŐĞƵƚŝŶƐƚĞĂĚ

ĞŶĚĞĚƵƉǁŽƌŬŝŶŐϭϴŚŽƵƌƐĂĚĂǇĞǀĞƌǇĚĂǇampŽƌĨŽŽĚǁĞĂƚĞŶŽƚŚŝŶŐďƵƚĮƐŚĂŶĚƌŝĐĞƚǁŝĐĞĂĚĂǇ Ĩ ŐŽƚƐŝĐŬŽƌ ŝŶũƵƌĞĚ ǁŽƌŬĞĚ ŚĂĚƐĞĞŶŽƚŚĞƌƐǁŚŽ

ŚĂĚĨĂůůĞŶŝůůĂŶĚƚŚĞĐĂƉƚĂŝŶƐŝŵƉůǇƚŚƌĞǁƚŚĞŵŽǀĞƌƚŚĞƐŝĚĞŽĨƚŚĞďŽĂƚƐƟůůƌĞŵĞŵďĞƌƚŚĞŝƌƉůĞĂƐĨŽƌŚĞůƉĂƐƚŚĞŽĐĞĂŶĐĂƌƌŝĞĚƚŚĞŵĂǁĂǇƚŽƚŚĞŝƌĚĞĂƚŚƐ

ǁĂƐďĞĂƚĞŶŝĨĚŝĚŶƚǁŽƌŬŚĂƌĚĞŶŽƵŐŚŽƌĞǀĞŶŝĨĚŝĚĂǇƐŽŌĞŶǁĞŶƚďǇǁŝƚŚŽŶůǇĂ ĨĞǁŚŽƵƌƐŽĨƐůĞĞƉ ǁĂƐƐŽƟƌĞĚƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐ ĨĞůƚ ĚŐŽĐƌĂǌǇdŽŬĞĞƉŵĞ

ǁŽƌŬŝŶŐƚŚĞǇǁŽƵůĚĨŽƌĐĞŵĞƚŽƚĂŬĞƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůĚƌƵŐƐƚŚĂƚĚĞƐƚƌŽǇĞĚŵǇďŽĚǇtŚĞŶĮŶĂůůǇƌĞƚƵƌŶĞĚƚŽƉŽƌƚĂŌĞƌĨŽƵƌǇĞĂƌƐĂƚƐĞĂǁĂƐŶŽƚŐŝǀĞŶĂŶǇƉĂǇdŚĞĐĂƉƚĂŝŶ

ƚŽůĚŵĞƚŚĂƚǁĂƐĂŶŝůůĞŐĂůŵŝŐƌĂŶƚƐŽŚĞĚŝĚŶƚŚĂǀĞƚŽŐŝǀĞŵĞĂŶǇƚŚŝŶŐĂǀŝŶŐŶŽǁĂǇƚŽĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƚĞǁŝƚŚŵǇĨĂŵŝůǇǁŚŝůĞǁĂƐĂǁĂǇŵǇŵŽƚŚĞƌĂŶĚĨĂƚŚĞƌĂƐƐƵŵĞĚ

ǁĂƐĚĞĂĚ^ŝŶĐĞƚŚĞǇŵŽǀĞĚĂǁĂǇĚŽŶƚŬŶŽǁǁŚĞƌĞƚŽĮŶĚƚŚĞŵ

DĂůĞĂŵďŽĚŝĂŶǀŝĐƟŵĞǆƉůŽŝƚĞĚŝŶdŚĂŝůĂŶĚ

4

FORCED LABOUR ndash SWEAT SHOP

tŚĞŶǁĂƐϭϲǇĞĂƌƐŽůĚŚĞĂƌĚƚŚĂƚŵĂŶǇƐƉŝŶŶŝŶŐŵŝůůƐŝŶĂďŝŐĐŝƚǇŝŶŵǇƌĞŐŝŽŶŽīĞƌĞĚǁŽƌŬDǇĨĂŵŝůǇǁĂƐǀĞƌǇƉŽŽƌĂŶĚǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽŚĞůƉƐŽǁĞŶƚƚŚĞƌĞĚŝĚŶƚŬŶŽǁǁŚŝĐŚŽŶĞŚĂĚǁŽƌŬƐŽũƵƐƚĐŚŽƐĞŽŶĞdŚĞŵĂŶǁŚŽŵĂŶĂŐĞĚ ƚŚĞŵŝůů ƐĂŝĚ ĐŽƵůĚŚĂǀĞĂ ũŽďtĞŶĞŐŽƟĂƚĞĚĂ ƐĂůĂƌǇŽĨh^ΨϱϬĂŵŽŶƚŚĞƐĂŝĚƚŚĂƚŚĂĚƚŽůŝǀĞŝŶƚŚĞĨĂĐƚŽƌǇƐŝƚĞdŚĞƌĞǁĂƐŶŽĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ ĨŽƌŵĞƚŽƐŝŐŶďƵƚ ĨŽƌŵĞƚŚŝƐǁĂƐĂŚƵŐĞĂŵŽƵŶƚŽĨŵŽŶĞǇƐŽ ĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚĂŶĚƐƚĂƌƚĞĚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐŝŵŵĞĚŝĂƚĞůǇŌĞƌǁŽƌŬŝŶŐϭϴŚŽƵƌƐĂĚĂǇĨŽƌƚŚĞĮƌƐƚŵŽŶƚŚǁĞŶƚƚŽƚŚĞĞŵƉůŽǇĞƌĂŶĚĂƐŬĞĚĨŽƌŵǇƉĂǇĞƐŵŝůĞĚĂŶĚůĂƵŐŚĞĚďĞĨŽƌĞƐĂǇŝŶŐĂŵƐŽƌƌǇĨŽƌŐŽƚƚŽŵĞŶƟŽŶƚŽǇŽƵƚŚĂƚŝƚĐŽƐƚƐŵĞh^ΨϱϰĂŵŽŶƚŚƚŽŬĞĞƉǇŽƵŚĞƌĞĂŶĚĂŵŽŶůǇƉĂǇŝŶŐǇŽƵh^ΨϱϬ^ŽǇŽƵŽǁĞŵĞŵŽŶĞǇhŶƟůǇŽƵƉĂǇŝƚďĂĐŬǇŽƵĐĂŶŶŽƚůĞĂǀĞƚŚŝƐƉůĂĐĞ tŝƚŚĂƌŵĞĚƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇŐƵĂƌĚƐďĂƌďĞĚǁŝƌĞĂŶĚŚŝŐŚǁĂůůƐ ĐŽƵůĚŶƚĞƐĐĂƉĞampŽƌƚŚƌĞĞǇĞĂƌƐǁĂƐŶŽƚĂďůĞƚŽůĞĂǀĞĐŽƵůĚŶŽƚĐŽŶƚĂĐƚŵǇĨĂŵŝůǇdŚĞŵŽƌĞǁŽƌŬĞĚƚŚĞŵŽƌĞĚĞďƚŽǁĞĚtŝƚŚƐŽŵƵĐŚǁŽƌŬǁŝƚŚŶŽƚŚŝŶŐŝŶƌĞƚƵƌŶŵǇŚĞĂƌƚǁĂƐĮůůĞĚǁŝƚŚŚŽƉĞůĞƐƐŶĞƐƐĂŶĚĚĞƐƉĂŝƌ ĨƚŚĂƚĮƌĞŚĂĚŶƚďƌŽƵŐŚƚƚŚĞĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐǁŽƵůĚŶĞǀĞƌŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶĂďůĞƚŽůĞĂǀĞůŽƐƚƚŚƌĞĞǇĞĂƌƐŽĨŵǇůŝĨĞŽŶĞƐƚŽůĞŶĨƌŽŵŵĞ^ŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐĐĂŶŶĞǀĞƌŐĞƚďĂĐŬĂŐĂŝŶ

Female Indian victim exploited in India

FORCED LABOUR ndash PLANTATION

ĂĐŬŚŽŵĞŝŶĂŶŐůĂĚĞƐŚĂƌĞĐƌƵŝƚŵĞŶƚĂŐĞŶƚŽīĞƌĞĚŵĞĂũŽďŝŶĂƉĂůŵŽŝůƉůĂŶƚĂƟŽŶŝŶDĂůĂǇƐŝĂĞƚŽůĚŵĞƚŚĂƚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŚŝŐŚǁĂŐĞƐǁŽƵůĚĞĂƌŶĐŽƵůĚĞĂƐŝůǇƉĂǇďĂĐŬƚŚĞh^ΨϭϱϬϬƌĞĐƌƵŝƚŵĞŶƚĨĞĞŶĞĞĚĞĚƚŽďƵǇƚŚŝƐũŽďtŚŝůĞŬŶĞǁƚŚĞǁŽƌŬǁĂƐŝůůĞŐĂůďĞĐĂƵƐĞŶĞĞĚĞĚƚŚĞŵŽŶĞǇ ĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚDǇŶŝŐŚƚŵĂƌĞďĞŐĂŶĨƌŽŵƚŚĞĮƌƐƚĚĂǇŽĨŵǇũŽƵƌŶĞǇdŽŐĞƚƚŽƚŚĞƉůĂŶƚĂƟŽŶĞŶĚƵƌĞĚƚŚƌĞĞǁĞĞŬƐŝŶĂĐƌŽǁĚĞĚďŽĂƚǁŝƚŚůŝƩůĞĨŽŽĚĂŶĚǁĂƚĞƌ KŶĐĞǁĞůĂŶĚĞĚǁĞƐƉĞŶƚĂŶŽƚŚĞƌǁĞĞŬǁĂůŬŝŶŐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞũƵŶŐůĞƐĂǁƉĞŽƉůĞĚŝĞĨƌŽŵŚĞĂƚĞǆŚĂƵƐƟŽŶŽƌďĞĂƟŶŐƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƐŵƵŐŐůĞƌƐŌĞƌĂƌƌŝǀŝŶŐĂƚƚŚĞƉůĂŶƚĂƟŽŶ ŚĂĚƚŽƐůĞĞƉŽŶƚŚĞǁĂƌĞŚŽƵƐĞŇŽŽƌ ǁĂƐĨŽƌĐĞĚƚŽǁŽƌŬϭϲŚŽƵƌƐĂĚĂǇ ƐĞǀĞŶĚĂǇƐĂǁĞĞŬĂŶĚƵƐĞĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐƉĞƐƟĐŝĚĞƐǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶǇƐĂĨĞƚǇĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚDǇďŽƐƐĚĞĚƵĐƚĞĚŵŽƐƚŽĨŵǇǁĂŐĞĨŽƌŶŽƌĞĂƐŽŶĂŶĚĞŶĚĞĚƵƉŶĞǀĞƌĞĂƌŶŝŶŐĂŶǇŵŽŶĞǇŌĞƌƐĞǀĞŶŵŽŶƚŚƐĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚƐĞǀĞƌĞƌĞƐƉŝƌĂƚŽƌǇƉƌŽďůĞŵƐƚŚĂƚƐƟůůŚĂǀĞƚŽĚĂǇtŚĞŶƚŚĞƚƌĂĸĐŬĞƌƐƌĞĂůŝǌĞĚǁĂƐƚŽŽƐŝĐŬƚŽǁŽƌŬƚŚĞǇĐĂůůĞĚŵǇĨĂŵŝůǇŝŶĂŶŐůĂĚĞƐŚĂŶĚƚŽůĚƚŚĞŵĨǇŽƵǁĂŶƚǇŽƵƌƐŽŶƚŽĐŽŵĞŚŽŵĞĂůŝǀĞƉĂǇƵƐŽƌǁĞǁŝůůĨĞĞĚŚŝŵƚŽƚŚĞƟŐĞƌƐ DǇĨĂƚŚĞƌƐŽůĚĂƉŝĞĐĞŽĨůĂŶĚĂŶĚƉĂŝĚƚŚĞƐŵƵŐŐůĞƌƐh^ΨϮϬϬϬƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂŶĂŐĞŶƚŝŶĂŶŐůĂĚĞƐŚtŚŝůĞŵĂŶĂŐĞĚƚŽŐĞƚŚŽŵĞŵǇĨĂŵŝůǇǁĂƐůĞŌǁŝƚŚŶŽƚŚŝŶŐĨŬŶĞǁĂůůŽĨƚŚŝƐǁŽƵůĚŚĂƉƉĞŶŶĞǀĞƌǁŽƵůĚŚĂǀĞůĞŌŚŽŵĞ

Male Bangladeshi victim exploited in Malaysia

11

SWEAT SHOPldquoWhen I was 16 years old I heard that many spinning mills in a big city in

went there I didnrsquot know which one had work so I just chose one The man

US$50 a month He said that I had to live in the factory site There was no contract for me to sign but for me this was a huge amount of money so I

me US$54 a month to keep you here and I am only paying you US$50 So

armed security guards barbed wire and high walls I couldnrsquot escape For three years I was not able to leave I could not contact my family The more I worked the more debt I owed With so much work with nothing in return

life Gone stolen from me Something I can never get back againrdquo


PLANTATION

I could easily pay back the US$1500 recruitment fee needed to buy this job While I knew the work was illegal because I needed the money I accepted

landed we spent another week walking through the jungle I saw people die

safety equipment My boss deducted most of my wage for no reason and I

too sick to work they called my family in Bangladesh and told them ldquoIf you

My father sold a piece of land and paid the smugglers US$2000 through an



ampƌŽŵƚŚĞƐĞƉƌŽĨŝůĞƐŽŶĞĐĂŶsee that there are several

ĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƚŝĐƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞĐŽŵŵŽŶŝŶŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇƚŚĞƵƐĞŽĨ

ĨƌĂƵĚŽƌĚĞĐĞƉƚŝŽŶƚŽƚƌŝĐŬĂƉĞƌƐŽŶŝŶƚŽĂŶĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝǀĞůĂďŽƵƌƐŝƚƵĂƚŝŽŶ

ĚĞďƚǀŝŽůĞŶĐĞŽƌƚŚƌĞĂƚƐƚŽŚŽůĚƚŚĞƉĞƌƐŽŶŝŶƉůĂĐĞĂŶĚƚŚĞůĂĐŬŽĨ

ĂŶǇƉĂǇŵĞŶƚŝŶĞǆĐŚĂŶŐĞĨŽƌƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚdŚĞƉĞƌƐŽŶůŽƐĞƐĐŽŶƚƌŽůŽĨŚŝƐ

ŽƌŚĞƌůŝĨĞĂŶĚƚŽŝůƐŝŶĂĨŽƌŵŽĨƐůĂǀĞƌǇ

FORCED LABOUR ndash DOMESTIC SERVITUDE

tŚĞŶƚƵƌŶĞĚϭϴŵǇĨĂŵŝůǇďŽƌƌŽǁĞĚŵŽŶĞǇĂŶĚŐĂǀĞŝƚƚŽĂŶĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚĂŐĞŶĐǇƚŽŐĞƚŵĞĂũŽďŽǀĞƌƐĞĂƐ^ŝŶĐĞƚŚĞƌĞǁĞƌĞƉĂƐƐƉŽƌƚƐĂŶĚƉůĂŶĞƟĐŬĞƚƐŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚƚŚĞĐŽƐƚƐǁĞƌĞŚŝŐŚtĞǁĞƌĞĞǆĐŝƚĞĚďĞĐĂƵƐĞǁĞǁĞƌĞƚŽůĚ ĚĞĂƌŶh^ΨϭϮϬƉĞƌŵŽŶƚŚŌĞƌ ƚŚĞƉĂƉĞƌǁŽƌŬǁĂƐĚŽŶĞĂŶĚ ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞĚĂŽŶĞͲǁĞĞŬ ƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ ƚŽďĞĐŽŵĞĂŚŽƵƐĞƐĞƌǀĂŶƚŇĞǁƚŽƚŚĞĐŽƵŶƚƌǇƚĮƌƐƚǁĂƐƐŽĞǆĐŝƚĞĚǁĂƐƉƌŽƵĚƚŚĂƚĚĞĂƌŶŵŽŶĞǇĨŽƌŵǇĨĂŵŝůǇƵƚǁŚĞŶŐŽƚƚŚĞƌĞĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐĐŚĂŶŐĞĚEŽƚŚŝŶŐƚŚĞǇƐĂŝĚĂƚƚŚĞĂŐĞŶĐǇǁĂƐƌŝŐŚƚdŚĞǇŵĂĚĞŵĞǁŽƌŬĨƌŽŵϲϬϬĂŵƚŽϭϭϬϬƉŵĞǀĞƌǇĚĂǇǁĂƐŶĞǀĞƌĂůůŽǁĞĚƚŽůĞĂǀĞŽƌŚĂǀĞĂŶǇĐŽŶƚĂĐƚǁŝƚŚŵǇĨĂŵŝůǇdŚĞǇďĞĂƚŵĞĞǀĞƌǇƟŵĞĚŝĚƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐǁƌŽŶŐ^ŝŶĐĞĚŝĚŶƚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞŝƌůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞǁĂƐĨŽƌĞǀĞƌŵĂŬŝŶŐŵŝƐƚĂŬĞƐtŚĞŶƚŚĞŵĂĚĂŵŽĨƚŚĞŚŽƵƐĞǁĂƐĂǁĂǇŚĞƌŚƵƐďĂŶĚǁŽƵůĚĨŽƌĐĞŚŝŵƐĞůĨŽŶŵĞtŚŝůĞƚƌŝĞĚƚŽƐƚŽƉŚŝŵƚŚĞƌĞǁĂƐŶŽƚŚŝŶŐĐŽƵůĚĚŽ^ŝŶĐĞƚŚĞǇĚĞĚƵĐƚĞĚŵŽŶĞǇĨŽƌĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐʹŵǇĨŽŽĚďŽĂƌĚĂŶĚŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞʹŵǇŵŽŶƚŚůǇƐĂůĂƌǇǁĂƐŶŽŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶh^ΨϭϬǁĂƐĂƐůĂǀĞŝŶƚŚĂƚŚŽƵƐĞǁĂŶƚĞĚƚŽĚŝĞtŚĞŶƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚǁĂƐŽǀĞƌĂŶĚǁĞŶƚŚŽŵĞŵǇĨĂŵŝůǇďůĂŵĞĚŵĞĨŽƌĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐdŚĞĂŐĞŶĐǇƐĂŝĚǁĂƐůĂǌǇĂŶĚƚĂůŬĞĚďĂĐŬƵƚŝƚǁĂƐŶƚƐŽƚǁĂƐŶƚŵĞtŚǇĚŽĞƐŶƚĂŶǇŽŶĞďĞůŝĞǀĞŵĞ

Cambodian victim exploited in Malaysia


GLOBAL OVERVIEW

dŚĞŝƐƐƵĞŽĨŵŽĚĞƌŶͲĚĂǇƐůĂǀĞƌǇĂīĞĐƚƐĂůŵŽƐƚĂůůƉĂƌƚƐŽĨƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚtŚŝůĞŵŽƐƚƉĞŽƉůĞƚŚŝŶŬƚŚĂƚƐůĂǀĞƌǇǁĂƐĂďŽůŝƐŚĞĚŚƵŶĚƌĞĚƐŽĨǇĞĂƌƐĂŐŽŐůŽďĂůůǇŝƚŝƐĞƐƟŵĂƚĞĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞϰϱϴŵŝůůŝŽŶŵĞŶǁŽŵĞŶĂŶĚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶŝŶƚŚĞƐĞƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƐ2dŚŝƐŵĞĂŶƐƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞŵŽƌĞƐůĂǀĞƐƚŽĚĂǇƚŚĂŶƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞĂŶĂĚŝĂŶƐŶĨĂĐƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞŵŽƌĞƐůĂǀĞƐƚŽĚĂǇƚŚĂŶĂƚĂŶǇŽƚŚĞƌƟŵĞŝŶŚŝƐƚŽƌǇdŚĞƐĞǀŝĐƟŵƐǁŚŽĐĂŶďĞĨŽƵŶĚŝŶĨĂĐƚŽƌŝĞƐĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶƐŝƚĞƐĮƐŚĞƌŝĞƐĂŶĚƐĞǆǀĞŶƵĞƐĂƌĞĨŽƌĐĞĚƚŽǁŽƌŬĨŽƌůŝƩůĞŽƌŶŽƉĂǇĚĞƉƌŝǀĞĚŽĨƚŚĞŝƌĨƌĞĞĚŽŵĂŶĚŽŌĞŶƐƵďũĞĐƚĞĚƚŽƵŶŝŵĂŐŝŶĂďůĞƐƵīĞƌŝŶŐŝĚĚĞŶĨƌŽŵǀŝĞǁƚŚŝƐĐƌŝŵĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞďŝŐŐĞƐƚŚƵŵĂŶƌŝŐŚƚƐǀŝŽůĂƟŽŶƐŽĨŽƵƌƟŵĞƐďƵƚĨĞǁƉĞŽƉůĞŬŶŽǁĂďŽƵƚŝƚ

dŚĞƌĞƐƵůƚƐŽĨƚŚŝƐƐƵƌǀĞǇĐĂŵĞĨƌŽŵƌĂŶŬŝŶŐƚŚĞϭϲϳŵŽƐƚƉŽƉƵůŽƵƐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐƚŚĞŝƌĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶƐĞƋƵĂůůŝŶŐϵϵƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞƚŽƚĂůǁŽƌůĚƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶdŚŝƐƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞƐĚĂƚĂĨƌŽŵƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚŝǌĞĚŶĂƟŽŶĂůůǇƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟǀĞƌĂŶĚŽŵƐĂŵƉůĞƐƵƌǀĞǇƐŽŶŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇĨŽƌϮϱĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂďŽƵƚϰϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶdŚĞƐƚƵĚǇĐŽŶĮƌŵƐƚŚĂƚƉŽǀĞƌƚǇĂŶĚůĂĐŬŽĨůŝǀĞůŝŚŽŽĚŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐƉůĂǇĂŵĂũŽƌƌŽůĞŝŶŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇƚŽŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇƚĂůƐŽƉŽŝŶƚƐƚŽĚĞĞƉĞƌƐŽĐŝĂůĂŶĚƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĂůŝŶĞƋƵĂůŝƟĞƐƚŚĂƚĞŶĂďůĞĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶƚŽƉĞƌƐŝƐƚʹǆĞŶŽƉŚŽďŝĂƉĂƚƌŝĂƌĐŚǇĐůĂƐƐĐĂƐƚĞĂŶĚĚŝƐĐƌŝŵŝŶĂƚŽƌǇŐĞŶĚĞƌŶŽƌŵƐŶƉĂƌƟĐƵůĂƌ ĚŝƐĐƌŝŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĂŐĂŝŶƐƚŵŝŶŽƌŝƟĞƐƚƌĂƉƐŵŝŐƌĂŶƚǁŽƌŬĞƌƐŝŶŝŶŚƵŵĂŶĞǁŽƌŬŝŶŐĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐŝŶĞǀĞƌǇĐŽŶƟŶĞŶƚ

MODERN SLAVERY AN OVERVIEW OF THE DATA

GLOBALLY IT IS ESTIMATED THAT THERE ARE

458 MILLION PEOPLEIN MODERN SLAVERY TODAY


ampŝŐƵƌĞϭ dŚĞůŽďĂů^ůĂǀĞƌǇŶĚĞǆϮϬϭϲZĞŐŝŽŶŶĂůǇƐŝƐ^ŽƵƌĐĞtĂůŬampƌĞĞampŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶ

THE AMERICAS

2168600

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA6245800

RUSSIA AND EURASIA

ϮϴϬϵϳϬϬ

ASIA PACIFIC

ϯϬϰϯϱϯϬϬ

EUROPE

1243400

gtKt

dKdgtEhDZKampWKWgtE^gtsWZZKE

THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA

2936800


SLAVERY BY COUNTRY

DŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇŝƐĂŚŝĚĚĞŶĐƌŝŵĞƚŚĂƚĂīĞĐƚƐĞǀĞƌǇĐŽƵŶƚƌǇŝŶƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚtŚŝůƐƚŝƚŚĂƉƉĞŶƐŵŽƌĞĨƌĞƋƵĞŶƚůǇŝŶƉŽŽƌ ƵŶƌĞŐƵůĂƚĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŶĂƟŽŶƐǁŝƚŚĂŚŝŐŚWĂŶĚƌŽďƵƐƚƌƵůĞŽĨůĂǁĂƌĞďǇŶŽŵĞĂŶƐŝŵŵƵŶĞƚŽƚŚŝƐƉůĂŐƵĞampŽƌĞǆĂŵƉůĞĐĂƐĞƐŽĨĚŽŵĞƐƟĐĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶƌĞƉŽƌƚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞh^3ƚŚĞƌĞŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶĨŽƌĐĞĚůĂďŽƵƌĐĂƐĞƐŝŶ^ŽƵƚŚĞƌŶƚĂůǇ ƐƚŽŵĂƚŽƉŝĐŬŝŶŐƌĞŐŝŽŶƐ4ĂŶĚŝŶǀĞƐƟŐĂƟŽŶƐŚĂǀĞĐŽŵĞƚŽƚŚĞĐŽŶĐůƵƐŝŽŶƚŚĂƚƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƐůĂǀĞƌǇǀŝĐƟŵƐŝƐƌŝƐŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞhlt5ǁŚŝĐŚŝƐĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚƚŽďĞĂůĞĂĚŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌǇŝŶƚĞƌŵƐŽĨĂŶƟͲƐůĂǀĞƌǇƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐ

dŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƐůĂǀĞƐĨŽƵŶĚĨƌŽŵĐŽƵŶƚƌǇƚŽĐŽƵŶƚƌǇǀĂƌŝĞƐŐƌĞĂƚůǇ ǁŝƚŚƐŽŵĞĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŚĂǀŝŶŐŚŝŐŚĐŽŶĐĞŶƚƌĂƟŽŶƐǁŚŝůĞŽƚŚĞƌƐŚĂǀĞĨĞǁampŽƌĞǆĂŵƉůĞϱϴƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚŽƐĞůŝǀŝŶŐŝŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇĐĂŶďĞĨŽƵŶĚŝŶĮǀĞĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŶĚŝĂŚŝŶĂWĂŬŝƐƚĂŶĂŶŐůĂĚĞƐŚĂŶĚhǌďĞŬŝƐƚĂŶgtŝŬĞǁŝƐĞƐĞǀĞŶŽĨƚŚĞƚĞŶĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŚŝŐŚĞƐƚŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨǀŝĐƟŵƐĂƌĞŝŶƐŝĂƌĞƐƵůƟŶŐŝŶŽǀĞƌϯϬŵŝůůŝŽŶƐůĂǀĞƐŽƌϲϲƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŶĚŝĂŚŝŶĂEŽƌƚŚltŽƌĞĂĂŶŐůĂĚĞƐŚŶĚŽŶĞƐŝĂhǌďĞŬŝƐƚĂŶĂŶĚWĂŬŝƐƚĂŶͿϲtŚǇĂƌĞƚŚĞƌĞƐŽŵĂŶǇǀŝĐƟŵƐĂĐƌŽƐƐƐŝĂtŝƚŚϲϬƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶŝŶƚŚŝƐĐŽŶƟŶĞŶƚŵĂŶǇŽĨŝƚƐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŚĂǀĞŚƵŐĞŶƵŵďĞƌƐŽĨƉĞŽƉůĞgtŝŬĞǁŝƐĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚƐŝĂƚŚĞƌĞĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐƚŽďĞƌĞŵŶĂŶƚƐŽĨĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟǀĞĨĞƵĚĂůƐǇƐƚĞŵƐŝŶƉůĂĐĞƚŚĂƚŚĂǀĞŶĞǀĞƌďĞĞŶĚŝƐŵĂŶƚůĞĚʹĞǀĞŶŝŶƚŚŝƐŵŽĚĞƌŶĚĂǇĂŶĚĂŐĞŶƐŽŵĞŶĂƟŽŶƐƚŚĞƉƌŽƉŽƌƟŽŶŽĨƉĞŽƉůĞŝŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇŝƐĞǆƚƌĞŵĞůǇŚŝŐŚŶEŽƌƚŚltŽƌĞĂĂŶĚhǌďĞŬŝƐƚĂŶĨŽƌĞǆĂŵƉůĞϰŽƵƚŽĨĞǀĞƌǇϭϬϬƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀĞĂƐƐůĂǀĞƐĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨƚŚĞŚŝĚĚĞŶŶĂƚƵƌĞŽĨƚŚŝƐŝƐƐƵĞĨĞǁŽĨƵƐĞǀĞƌŐĞƚĂŐůŝŵƉƐĞďĞŚŝŶĚƚŚĞĐƵƌƚĂŝŶŽĨƚŚŝƐƚĞƌƌŝďůĞŚƵŵĂŶƌŝŐŚƚƐĂďƵƐĞʹŽŶĞƚŚĂƚŝƐŵƵĐŚĐůŽƐĞƌƚŽŚŽŵĞƚŚĂŶǁĞŵŝŐŚƚĞǆƉĞĐƚ

ampŝŐƵƌĞϮ dŚĞůŽďĂů^ůĂǀĞƌǇŶĚĞǆŽƵŶƚƌǇŶĂůǇƐŝƐ^ŽƵƌĐĞtĂůŬampƌĞĞampŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶ

DR CONGO873100

PAKISTAN2134900

BANGLADESH1531300

CHINA3388400

INDONESIA736100

NIGERIA875500

RUSSIA1048500

INDIA18354700

NORTH KOREA1100000

UZBEKISTAN1236600

485 MILLIONPEOPLE TRAPPED INEXPLOITATIVE WORKINGAND LIVING CONDITIONS

Highest ratesWĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƉŽƉƵůĂƟŽŶ

EŽƌƚŚltŽƌĞĂ ϰϯϳ

hǌďĞŬŝƐƚĂŶ ϯϵϳĂŵďŽĚŝĂ ϭϲϱŶĚŝĂ ϭϰϬQatar ϭϯϲ

15

SLAVERY BY COUNTRYModern slavery is a hidden crime that everycountry in the world Whilst it happens more frequentlyin poor unregulated countries with a high GDPand robust rule of law are by no means immune to thisplague For example cases ofhave been reported in the US3 there have been forcedlabour cases in Southern Italyrsquos tomato picking regions4and have come to the conclusion thatthe number of slavery is rising in the UK5which is considered to be a leading country in terms ofan

The number of slaves found from country to country variesgreatly with some countries having highwhile others have few For example 58 per cent of thoseliving in slavery can be found in countries India ChinaPakistan Bangladesh and Uzbekistan Likewise seven ofthe ten countries with the highest number of are inAsia in over 30 million slaves or 66 per cent (IndiaChina North Korea Bangladesh Indonesia Uzbekistanand Pakistan)6 Why are there so many across AsiaWith 60 per cent of the world in thismany of its countries have huge numbers of peopleLikewise throughout Asia there to be remnantsof feudal systems in place that have never beendismantled ndash even in this modern day and age In somena the of people in slavery is extremelyhigh In North Korea and Uzbekistan for example 4 outof every 100 people live as slaves Because of the hiddennature of this issue few of us ever get a glimpse behindthe curtain of this terrible human rights abuse ndash one that ismuch closer to home than we might expect

Figure 2 The Global Slavery Index Country AnalysisSource Walk Free

DR CONGO873100

PAKISTAN2134900

BANGLADESH1531300

CHINA3388400

INDONESIA736100

NIGERIA875500

RUSSIA1048500

INDIA18354700

NORTH KOREA1100000

UZBEKISTAN1236600


Highest rates

North Korea 437

Uzbekistan 397Cambodia 165India 140Qatar 136


SLAVERY BY COUNTRY








The Mekong Club | Ending Modern Slavery A Resource Guide for Business Leaders 15

92 MILLION NEW SLAVES PER YEAR25500 NEW SLAVES PER DAY1050 NEW SLAVES PER HOURA NEW SLAVE EVERY 4 SECONDS

RATE OF SLAVERY

ĂĐŚǇĞĂƌ ϵϮŵŝůůŝŽŶŶĞǁƉĞŽƉůĞĞŶƚĞƌƐůĂǀĞƌǇdŚŝƐ ĞƋƵĂƚĞƐƚŽĂďŽƵƚϮϱϱϬϬŶĞǁǀŝĐƟŵƐĞǀĞƌǇĚĂǇϭϬϱϬ ĞǀĞƌǇŚŽƵƌŽƌŽŶĞŶĞǁƐůĂǀĞĞǀĞƌǇĨŽƵƌƐĞĐŽŶĚƐƚŵŝŐŚƚ ďĞĂϭϱǇĞĂƌŽůĚŐŝƌůĨŽƌĐĞĚŝŶƚŽƉƌŽƐƟƚƵƟŽŶĂǇŽƵŶŐďŽǇ ĨŽƌĐĞĚŽŶƚŽĂĮƐŚŝŶŐďŽĂƚƚŽǁŽƌŬϭϴŚŽƵƌƐĂĚĂǇĨŽƌǇĞĂƌƐ ǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĐŽŵŝŶŐƚŽƉŽƌƚŽƌĂƐǁĞĂƚƐŚŽƉǁŽƌŬĞƌǁŚŽƚŽŝůƐ ϭϳŚŽƵƌƐĂĚĂǇǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂĚĂǇŽīŽƌĂŶǇƉĂǇ

tŚŝůĞŵŽƐƚƉĞŽƉůĞƚŚŝŶŬƚŚĂƚŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇĨŽĐƵƐĞƐ ƉƌŝŵĂƌŝůǇŽŶǁŽŵĞŶĂŶĚŐŝƌůƐďĞŝŶŐĨŽƌĐĞĚŝŶƚŽ ƉƌŽƐƟƚƵƟŽŶƚŚŝƐƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐŽŶůǇĂďŽƵƚĂƋƵĂƌƚĞƌŽĨƚŚĞ ƚŽƚĂůĐĂƐĞƐdŚĞƌĞŵĂŝŶŝŶŐϳϱƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĨĂůůƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞ ŚĞĂĚŝŶŐĨŽƌĐĞĚůĂďŽƵƌ KƵƚŽĨƚŚŝƐĮŐƵƌĞĂďŽƵƚϲϬƉĞƌ ĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞǀŝĐƟŵƐĂƌĞĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌŝŶŐ ƐƵƉƉůǇĐŚĂŝŶƐǁŚŝĐŚďĞŐŝŶǁŝƚŚĂŐƌŽǁĞƌŽƌƉƌŽĚƵĐĞƌ ĂŶĚ ĞŶĚĂƐĂĮŶŝƐŚĞĚƉƌŽĚƵĐƚƉƵƌĐŚĂƐĞĚďǇĐŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐŝŶƚŚĞ ƌĞƚĂŝůŵĂƌŬĞƚdŚƵƐĂƐĐŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐǁĞĂůůƐƵƉƉŽƌƚŵŽĚĞƌŶ ƐůĂǀĞƌǇďĞĐĂƵƐĞƚŚĞƉƌŽĚƵĐƚƐǁĞďƵǇĂƌĞŽŌĞŶƚĂŝŶƚĞĚďǇ ƚŚŝƐĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶϳ

KŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŬĞǇƌĞĂƐŽŶƐĨŽƌƚŚĞŚŝŐŚĮŐƵƌĞƐŝƐƚŚĂƚŐůŽďĂů ƐƵƉƉůǇĐŚĂŝŶƐƌĞůǇŽŶŽƵƚƐŽƵƌĐŝŶŐƚŚĞŝƌƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶƐƚĂŐĞ ƚŽƐŝĂŶĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐƚŚĂƚŽīĞƌůŽǁͲĐŽƐƚƵŶƐŬŝůůĞĚůĂďŽƵƌ dŚĞ ǁŽƌŬŝƐƵƐƵĂůůǇůĂďŽƵƌŝŶƚĞŶƐŝǀĞĂŶĚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚďǇŵŝŐƌĂŶƚ ǁŽƌŬĞƌƐdŚĞŚĂƌƐŚůŝǀŝŶŐĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚĞƉŽŽƌĞƐƚĂƌĞĂƐ ŽĨƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶƉƵƐŚƉĞŽƉůĞƚŽŵŝŐƌĂƚĞƚŽƐĞĞŬďĞƩĞƌũŽď ŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐŝŶƌŝĐŚĞƌŶĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌŝŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐdŚĞƐĞ ŵŝŐƌĂŶƚǁŽƌŬĞƌƐĂƌĞŽŌĞŶƚƌŝĐŬĞĚďǇĞǆƉůŽŝƚĞƌƐǁŚŽƚĂŬĞ ĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŚĞŝƌǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇĂŶĚĞŶĚƵƉŝŶďŽŶĚĞĚ ŽƌĨŽƌĐĞĚůĂďŽƵƌƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƐŝŶŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĞƐƐƵĐŚĂƐĨŽŽĚ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶŐĂƌŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐǇďƌŽĂĚĞƌĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐ ŽĨƚŚŝƐƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŝƐŐŝǀĞŶŝŶDŽĚƵůĞϮŽĨƚŚŝƐƚŽŽůŬŝƚ


ampŝŐƵƌĞϯ Forced Labour vs Forced WƌŽƐƟƚƵƟŽŶĐĂƐĞƐ

ampŝŐƵƌĞϰŐĞŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŽĨ^ůĂǀĞƌǇsŝĐƟŵƐ

Forced Labour

Forced ƉƌŽƐƟƚƵƟŽŶ

75

76

25

24 Adults

Children

BREAKDOWN BY AGE AND SECTOR

dŚĞĂŐĞĚŝƐƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶŝƐĂƉƉƌŽǆŝŵĂƚĞůǇϮϰƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶƵŶĚĞƌϭϴǇĞĂƌƐŽĨĂŐĞĂŶĚϳϲƉĞƌĐĞŶƚĂĚƵůƚƐϴ

dŽƉƵƚƚŚŝƐŝŶƚŽŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐĂůƉĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞǇĞĂƌƐϭϱϬϬĂŶĚϭϴϳϬϭϭϯŵŝůůŝŽŶƐůĂǀĞƐǁĞƌĞƚĂŬĞŶĨƌŽŵĨƌŝĐĂƚŽEŽƌƚŚĂŶĚ^ŽƵƚŚŵĞƌŝĐĂĂŶĚƵƌŽƉĞdŚŝƐǁĂƐŽǀĞƌĂƉĞƌŝŽĚŽĨϯϳϬǇĞĂƌƐ9

Figure 5dŚĞdƌĂŶƐĂƚůĂŶƟĐ^ůĂǀĞdƌĂĚĞ

AFRICAWEST

INDIES

CENTRALAMERICA

NORTHAMERICA

SOUTHAMERICA

ATLANTICOCEAN

PACIFICOCEAN

DĂũŽƌ^ůĂǀĞdƌĂĚĞZŽƵƚĞ

TO EUROPE03 MILLION

05 MILLION

5 MILLION

05 MILLION

05 MILLION

45 MILLION


HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN THE MEKONG REGION

tŝƚŚŝŶƐŝĂĂƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚƉƌŽƉŽƌƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞǀŝĐƟŵƐĂƌĞƚŚŽƵŐŚƚƚŽďĞŝŶƚŚĞDĞŬŽŶŐZĞŐŝŽŶǁŚŝĐŚŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐĂŵďŽĚŝĂŚŝŶĂgtĂŽWZDǇĂŶŵĂƌ dŚĂŝůĂŶĚĂŶĚsŝĞƚŶĂŵůƚŚŽƵŐŚƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐŚĂƐĞǆŝƐƚĞĚĨŽƌĐĞŶƚƵƌŝĞƐƚŚĞƵŶĞǀĞŶĞīĞĐƚƐŽĨŐůŽďĂůŝǌĂƟŽŶŚĂǀĞŝŶƌĞĐĞŶƚƟŵĞƐĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞĚƚŽĂŶĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚŝŶǁŚŝĐŚŚƵŵĂŶƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐŚĂƐŇŽƵƌŝƐŚĞĚŝŶƚŽĂŚŝŐŚůǇƉƌŽĮƚĂďůĞĂŶĚŐĞŶĞƌĂůůǇůŽǁͲƌŝƐŬĐƌŝŵŝŶĂůďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐdŚĞĐŚĂƌƚďĞůŽǁŽƵƚůŝŶĞƐĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĞĚƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐƌŽƵƚĞƐďŽƚŚǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞDĞŬŽŶŐZĞŐŝŽŶĂŶĚďĞǇŽŶĚ10

dŚĞDĞŬŽŶŐZĞŐŝŽŶĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽŵĂŶǇŽƚŚĞƌƉĂƌƚƐŽĨƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚĐŽŶƚĂŝŶƐǀĞƌǇĚŝǀĞƌƐĞƉĂƩĞƌŶƐŽĨŚƵŵĂŶƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐdŚĞƐĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞŝŶƚĞƌŶĂůĂŶĚĐƌŽƐƐͲďŽƌĚĞƌƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐƚŚĂƚŝƐŚŝŐŚůǇŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĞĚĂŶĚĂůƐŽƐŵĂůůͲƐĐĂůĞƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐĨŽƌƐĞǆĂŶĚůĂďŽƵƌ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚďŽƚŚĨŽƌŵĂůĂŶĚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂůƌĞĐƌƵŝƚŵĞŶƚŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵƐĂŶĚƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐƚŚĂƚƚĂƌŐĞƚƐŵĞŶǁŽŵĞŶďŽǇƐŐŝƌůƐĂŶĚĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐdŚƵƐǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞDĞŬŽŶŐZĞŐŝŽŶƚŚĞƌĞŝƐŶŽƚƐŽŵƵĐŚĂƐŝŶŐůĞƉĂƩĞƌŶŽĨƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐŝŶƉĞƌƐŽŶƐĂƐƚŚĞƌĞŝƐĂƌĂŶŐĞŽĨĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƉĂƩĞƌŶƐǁŝƚŚǀĂƌŝŽƵƐǀŝĐƟŵĂŶĚĐƌŝŵŝŶĂůƉƌŽĮůĞƐĞƌĞĂƌĞƐŽŵĞĞǆĂŵƉůĞƐ11

dƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐŽĨŵĞŶǁŽŵĞŶĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂŶĚĨĂŵŝůŝĞƐŝŶƚŽdŚĂŝůĂŶĚĨƌŽŵŶĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌŝŶŐgtĂŽWZDǇĂŶŵĂƌĂŶĚĂŵďŽĚŝĂĂŐĂŝŶƐƚĂďĂĐŬŐƌŽƵŶĚŽĨǁŝĚĞƐƉƌĞĂĚŝƌƌĞŐƵůĂƌŵŝŐƌĂƟŽŶĨŽƌĨŽƌĐĞĚƉƌŽƐƟƚƵƟŽŶĚŽŵĞƐƟĐƐĞƌǀŝƚƵĚĞŽƌĨŽƌĐĞĚůĂďŽƵƌŝŶƐǁĞĂƚƐŚŽƉƐĮƐŚŝŶŐďŽĂƚƐĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶƐŝƚĞƐƉůĂŶƚĂƟŽŶƐŽƌĨĂƌŵƐ

dƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐŽĨĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĨƌŽŵďŽƌĚĞƌĂƌĞĂƐŽĨĂŵďŽĚŝĂŽƌDǇĂŶŵĂƌ ŽƌƌƵƌĂůĂƌĞĂƐŽĨsŝĞƚŶĂŵŽƌŚŝŶĂƚŽďĞŐŽƌƐĞůůŇŽǁĞƌƐŽŶƚŚĞƐƚƌĞĞƚƐŽĨůĂƌŐĞƌĐŝƟĞƐ

dƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐŽĨsŝĞƚŶĂŵĞƐĞŐŝƌůƐĂŶĚǇŽƵŶŐǁŽŵĞŶĨŽƌƐĞǆƵĂůĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶĂŶĚǀŝƌŐŝŶŝƚǇƐĞůůŝŶŐŝŶĂŵďŽĚŝĂĂŶĚ

dƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐĨƌŽŵƌƵƌĂůŚŝŶĂDǇĂŶŵĂƌ ŽƌsŝĞƚŶĂŵŝŶƚŽƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌŝŽƌŽĨŚŝŶĂĨŽƌĨŽƌĐĞĚŵĂƌƌŝĂŐĞůĞĂĚŝŶŐƚŽĚŽŵĞƐƟĐƐĞƌǀŝƚƵĚĞĂŶĚŽƌƐĞǆƵĂůĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶĂŶĚŝŶƚĞƌŶĂůƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐĨŽƌƐĞǆƵĂůĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĚŽŵĞƐƟĐƐĞƌǀŝƚƵĚĞ

CHINA

VIETNAM

MIDDLEEAST

USA

EUROPE

LAOS

THAILAND

MYANMAR

CAMBODIA

MALAYSIA

Labour

Sex

Both

ampŝŐƵƌĞϲƵŵĂŶdƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞDĞŬŽŶŐZĞŐŝŽŶ


dƌĂĨĨŝĐŬŝŶŐĂůƐŽŽĐĐƵƌƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞDĞŬŽŶŐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐƚŽĚĞƐƚŝŶĂƚŝŽŶƐĨƵƌƚŚĞƌĂďƌŽĂĚampŽƌĞǆĂŵƉůĞǁŽŵĞŶĂŶĚŐŝƌůƐĨƌŽŵdŚĂŝůĂŶĚĂŵďŽĚŝĂDǇĂŶŵĂƌ ĂŶĚsŝĞƚŶĂŵĂƌĞŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐůǇďĞŝŶŐĨŽƵŶĚŝŶĨŽƌĐĞĚƉƌŽƐƚŝƚƵƚŝŽŶŽƌĚŽŵĞƐƚŝĐƐĞƌǀŝƚƵĚĞŝŶDĂůĂǇƐŝĂDĂŶǇǀŝĐƚŝŵƐƵƐĞĚĨŽƌŵĂůůĂďŽƵƌƌĞĐƌƵŝƚŵĞŶƚĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŝŶƚŚĞŚŽƉĞƐŽĨŵŝŐƌĂƚŝŶŐƐĂĨĞůǇĂŶĚůĞŐĂůůǇďƵƚǁĞƌĞƐƚŝůůĚĞĐĞŝǀĞĚĂŶĚĞǆƉůŽŝƚĞĚĂƚƚŚĞŝƌĚĞƐƚŝŶĂƚŝŽŶ

dƌĂĨĨŝĐŬĞĚdŚĂŝǁŽŵĞŶĂƌĞĂůƐŽĨŽƵŶĚŝŶƚŚĞƐĞǆƚƌĂĚĞŝŶŽŶŐltŽŶŐŚŝŶĞƐĞdĂŝƉĞŝdĂŝǁĂŶĂƉĂŶ^ŽƵƚŚĨƌŝĐĂƚŚĞDŝĚĚůĞĂƐƚƚŚĞh^ĂŶĚǁĞƐƚĞƌŶƵƌŽƉĞĂŶĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐtĞƐƚĞƌŶƵƌŽƉĞĞƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇƚŚĞhltŝƐƌĞƉŽƌƚŝŶŐŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐŶƵŵďĞƌƐŽĨƚƌĂĨĨŝĐŬŝŶŐĐĂƐĞƐŝŶǀŽůǀŝŶŐŚŝŶĞƐĞdŚĂŝĂŶĚsŝĞƚŶĂŵĞƐĞǁŽŵĞŶǆƚƌĂͲDĞŬŽŶŐZĞŐŝŽŶƚƌĂĨĨŝĐŬŝŶŐŝƐŶŽƚĐŽŶĨŝŶĞĚƚŽǁŽŵĞŶŽƌƚŽƐĞǆǁŽƌŬŶĨĂĐƚĞǆƚƌĞŵĞĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶĂŶĚƐůĂǀĞƌǇŽĨĂŵďŽĚŝĂŶDǇĂŶŵĂƌ ĂŶĚdŚĂŝŵĞŶŝŶĨĂĐƚŽƌŝĞƐĂŶĚŽŶĨŝƐŚŝŶŐďŽĂƚƐĨƌŽŵǁŚŝĐŚƚŚĞǇĐĂŶŶŽƚĞƐĐĂƉĞĞǆƚĞŶĚƐŝŶƚŽƚŚĞ^ŽƵƚŚŚŝŶĂ^ĞĂĂƌĞĂĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƚŚĞDŝĚĚůĞĂƐƚdƌĂĨĨŝĐŬĞƌƐůƵƌĞǀŝĐƚŝŵƐǁŝƚŚĚĞĐĞƉƚŝǀĞƉƌŽŵŝƐĞƐŽĨŐŽŽĚũŽďƐĂŶĚďĞƚƚĞƌůŝǀĞƐĂŶĚƚŚĞŶĨŽƌĐĞƚŚĞŵƚŽǁŽƌŬƵŶĚĞƌďƌƵƚĂůĂŶĚŝŶŚƵŵĂŶĐŽŶĚŝƚŝŽŶƐĂŶĚĚĞƉƌŝǀĞƚŚĞŵŽĨƚŚĞŝƌĨƌĞĞĚŽŵKŶĐĞŝŶƉůĂĐĞǀŝĐƚŝŵƐƐƵĨĨĞƌĞǆƚƌĞŵĞƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůĂŶĚŵĞŶƚĂůĂďƵƐĞŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐƌĂƉĞƐĞǆƵĂůĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƚŝŽŶƚŽƌƚƵƌĞďĞĂƚŝŶŐƐĚĞĂƚŚƚŚƌĞĂƚƐĂŶĚƚŚƌĞĂƚƐƚŽĨĂŵŝůǇŵĞŵďĞƌƐ12


EƵŵĞƌŽƵƐĨĂĐƚŽƌƐĂŶĚĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƚŝĐƐŵĂŬĞƵƉŵŽĚĞƌŶͲĚĂǇƐůĂǀĞƌǇhŶůŝŬĞǇĞĂƌƐĂŐŽǁŚĞŶŵĞŶǁŽŵĞŶĂŶĚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶǁĞƌĞƌŽƵŶĚĞĚƵƉŝŶĨƌŝĐĂĂŶĚĨŽƌĐĞĚŽŶƚŽďŽĂƚƐǁŝƚŚĐŚĂŝŶƐĂŶĚƐŚĂĐŬůĞƐƚŽĚĂǇƐƐůĂǀĞƌǇŚĂƐĂĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞůǇĚŝĨĨĞƌĞŶƚĚǇŶĂŵŝĐĞůŽǁŝƐĂƐƵŵŵĂƌǇŽĨƐŽŵĞŽĨƚŚĞƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚĨĂĐƚŽƌƐ

FRAUD AND DECEPTION dŚĞŵŽƐƚĐŽŵŵŽŶĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚƚƌĂĸĐŬĞƌƐƵƐĞƚŽƌĞĐƌƵŝƚĂŶĚƐĞĐƵƌĞǀŝĐƟŵƐŝƐĨƌĂƵĚĂŶĚĚĞĐĞƉƟŽŶďŽƵƚϵϬƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞĐĂƐĞƐĨĂůůŝŶƚŽƚŚŝƐĐĂƚĞŐŽƌǇdƌĂĸĐŬĞƌƐŐĂŝŶĂƉĞƌƐŽŶ ƐƚƌƵƐƚĂŶĚůŝĞĂďŽƵƚĂƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚŽƌůŝĨĞŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚǇdŚĞǇŵŝŐŚƚŽīĞƌĂǇŽƵŶŐǀƵůŶĞƌĂďůĞƉĞƌƐŽŶǁŚŽĨĂĐĞƐŚĂƌĚƐŚŝƉĂŶĚƉŽǀĞƌƚǇƚŚĞŽŶĞƚŚŝŶŐƚŚĂƚƐĞĞŵƐĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞůǇŽƵƚŽĨƌĞĂĐŚĂďĞƩĞƌůŝĨĞĂŶĞĂƐŝĞƌůŝĨĞŽƌĂůŝĨĞƚŚĂƚǁŝůůŶŽƚŽŶůǇďĞŶĞĮƚƚŚĞŵďƵƚƚŚĞŝƌĞŶƟƌĞĨĂŵŝůǇdŚĞǇŽīĞƌĂĚƌĞĂŵǁŝƚŚůŝƩůĞŽƌŶŽƚŚŝŶŐĂƐŬĞĚĨŽƌŝŶƌĞƚƵƌŶ

tŚĞƚŚĞƌƐƵĐŚƉƌŽŵŝƐĞƐƌĞůĂƚĞƚŽĂǁĞůůͲƉĂŝĚũŽďŽƌĂŐŽŽĚŵĂƌƌŝĂŐĞƚŚĞŵĞƐƐĂŐĞƐĂƌĞŶĞĂƌůǇĂůǁĂǇƐƚŚĞƐĂŵĞĨǇŽƵĚŽǁŚĂƚƐĂǇ ŝĨǇŽƵƚƌƵƐƚŵĞƚŚĞŶǇŽƵƌůŝĨĞǁŝůůďĞŝŶĮŶŝƚĞůǇďĞƩĞƌ EŽƚƐŽŵĞƟŵĞŝŶƚŚĞĚŝƐƚĂŶƚĨƵƚƵƌĞďƵƚƚŽĚĂǇʹƌŝŐŚƚŶŽǁampŽƌƚŚŽƐĞǁŚŽƐĞůĚŽŵŚĂǀĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽĂŶǇŽƉƟŽŶƐĂƚĂůůƐƵĐŚŽīĞƌƐĂƌĞƚŽŽƚĞŵƉƟŶŐƚŽƉĂƐƐƵƉdŚĞǇĚŽŶƚƌĞĂůŝǌĞƚŚĞƐĞĨƌĂƵĚƵůĞŶƚŽƉƟŽŶƐĐŽŵĞĂƚĂƚĞƌƌŝďůĞƉƌŝĐĞ

ƐĂƌĞƐƵůƚŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞďŝŐŐĞƐƚĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐƚŚĞĂŶƟͲƐůĂǀĞƌǇƐĞĐƚŽƌĨĂĐĞƐŝƐŚŽǁĞĂƐŝůǇƉĞŽƉůĞĂĐĐĞƉƚƐƵĐŚƉƌŽŵŝƐĞƐDŽƐƚƚƌĂĸĐŬĞĚƉĞƌƐŽŶƐĂƌĞƐŝŵƉůǇŶĂŢǀĞdŚĞǇǁĂŶƚƐŽŵƵĐŚƚŽďĞůŝĞǀĞƚŚĞƉƌŽŵŝƐĞĚŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚǇŝƐƌĞĂůƚŚĂƚƚŚĞǇƉƵƚĐŽŵŵŽŶƐĞŶƐĞĂŶĚůŽŐŝĐĂƐŝĚĞ

dŚĞĨĂĐƚŽƌƐƚŚĂƚĂůůŽǁŵĂŶǇƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐƐĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐƚŽŽĐĐƵƌĐŽŵďŝŶĞƚǁŽĨƵŶĚĂŵĞŶƚĂůĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐƚƌƵƐƚĂŶĚĚĞĐĞƉƟŽŶƵŵĂŶƚƌƵƐƚŝƐŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞŵŽƐƚƉŽǁĞƌĨƵůƚŽŽůƐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞƚŽƚƌĂĸĐŬĞƌƐDĂŶǇƚƌĂĸĐŬĞƌƐĂƌĞƉĞŽƉůĞĨƌŽŵǁŝƚŚŝŶĂǀŝĐƟŵ ƐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇǁŚŽĂƌĞŬŶŽǁŶƚŽƚŚĞŵĂŶĚƚƌƵƐƚĞĚƚŝƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƚŽŶŽƚĞƚŚĂƚŵĂŶǇƉĞŽƉůĞǁŚŽĂƌĞƚƌĂĸĐŬĞĚĂƌĞŶŽƚŝŐŶŽƌĂŶƚŶĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚƚŽƚŚŝƐŵŝƐĐŽŶĐĞƉƟŽŶƚŚĞƚƌĂĸĐŬĞƌƐĂƌĞũƵƐƚǀĞƌǇĐŽŶǀŝŶĐŝŶŐůŝĂƌƐ

WHAT MAKES UP MODERN SLAVERY TODAY

46 OF VICTIMSKNOW THEIR RECRUITERS

EXAMPLE

YƵŶĂŶϭϴͲǇĞĂƌͲŽůĚsŝĞƚŶĂŵĞƐĞƐƚƵĚĞŶƚŝƐĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞĚďǇŚĞƌŶĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌ EŐŽĐŶŚĞƚĞůůƐŚĞƌƚŚĂƚŝĨƐŚĞǁĂŶƚƐŚĞĐĂŶŚĞůƉŚĞƌŐĞƚĂŵƵĐŚďĞƩĞƌũŽďŝŶŚŝŶĂƚŚĂƚƉĂǇƐƚŚƌĞĞƟŵĞƐĂƐŵƵĐŚŵŽŶĞǇƚŚĂŶĂŶǇƚŚŝŶŐƐŚĞĐĂŶĮŶĚůŽĐĂůůǇampĞĞůŝŶŐƚŚĂƚƚŚŝƐŵŝŐŚƚďĞĂŐŽŽĚŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚǇƚŽďĞŶĞĮƚŚĞƌĨĂŵŝůǇ ƐŚĞĂŐƌĞĞƐhƉŽŶĂƌƌŝǀŝŶŐŝŶŚŝŶĂEŐŽĐŶŚĚĞůŝǀĞƌƐYƵŶƚŽĂƐŵĂůůĨĂĐƚŽƌǇǁŚĞƌĞƐŚĞŝƐĐŽŶĮŶĞĚĂŶĚĨŽƌĐĞĚƚŽǁŽƌŬϭϱŚŽƵƌƐĂĚĂǇƐĞǁŝŶŐďůƵĞũĞĂŶƐ

20

Numerous factors and characterisƟcs make up modern-day slavery Unlike years ago when

men women and children were rounded up in Africa and forced onto boats with chains and

shackles todayrsquos slavery has a completely diīerent dynamic Below is a summary of some of

the relevant factors

FRAUD AND DECEPTIONThe most common approach use to recruit and secure is fraud and

About 90 per cent of the cases fall into this category gain a personrsquos trust and lie about

a possible employment or life opportunity They might a young vulnerable person who faces

hardship and poverty the one thing that seems completely out of reach a life an easier life or

a life that will not only them but their family They a dream with or nothing

asked for in return

Whether such promises relate to a well-paid job or a good marriage the messages are nearly always

the same ldquoIf you do what I say if you trust me then your life will be Not

in the distant future but today ndash right nowrdquo For those who seldom have access to any at

all such are too to pass up They donrsquot realize these fraudulent come at a

terrible price

As a result one of the biggest challenges the sector faces is how easily people accept

such promises Most tr persons are simply naiumlve They want so much to believe the promised

opportunity is real that they put common sense and logic aside

The factors that allow many scenarios to occur combine two fundamental elements

trust and Human trust is one of the most powerful tools available to Many

tr are people from within a community who are known to them and trusted

It is important to note that many people who are are not ignorant In contrast to this

misc the are just very convincing liars



EXAMPLE

Qun an 18-year-old Vietnamese student

is approached by her neighbour Ngoc Anh

He tells her that if she wants he can help

her get a much job in China that pays

three as much money than anything

she can locally Feeling that this might

be a good opportunity to her family

she agrees Upon arriving in China Ngoc

Anh delivers Qun to a small factory where

she is and forced to work 15 hours

a day sewing blue jeans

The Mek The Mekong Club | Modern Slavery An Introduction 14

DEBTCREDIT BONDAGE

ŶƚŚŝƐƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƚƌĂĸĐŬĞƌƐĞŶƐůĂǀĞĂŶĚŚŽůĚĂǀŝĐƟŵŝŶƉůĂĐĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽŶĞŽĨƚǁŽŬĞǇŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵƐŝŶǀŽůǀŝŶŐŵŽŶĞǇĚĞďƚďŽŶĚĂŐĞŽƌĐƌĞĚŝƚďŽŶĚĂŐĞĞďƚďŽŶĚĂŐĞŝƐĂƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶǁŚĞƌĞĂĚǀĂŶĐĞƐŝŶĐĂƐŚĂƌĞƉĂŝĚďǇƚŚĞƚƌĂĸĐŬĞƌƚŽƚŚĞǀŝĐƟŵŚĞƌĨĂŵŝůǇŽƌŽƚŚĞƌƐǁŚŝĐŚƚŚĞǀŝĐƟŵŵƵƐƚǁŽƌŬŽī tŚĞƚŚĞƌƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůĨŽƌĐĞŵĞŶƚĂůĂďƵƐĞŽƌƐŽŵĞŽƚŚĞƌĨŽƌŵŽĨĐŽĞƌĐŝŽŶƚŚĞǀŝĐƟŵŝƐŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶĞĚĂƚƚŚĞĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶƐŝƚĞƵŶƟůƚŚĞĚĞďƚŝƐƐĂƟƐĨĂĐƚŽƌŝůǇƉĂŝĚdŚĞůĞŶĚĞƌǁŝůůŽŌĞŶƵƐĞĨĂůƐĞĂĐĐŽƵŶƟŶŐŵĞƚŚŽĚƐŽƌĐŚĂƌŐĞĞǆĐĞƐƐŝǀĞŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐŝŶĞǆĐĞƐƐŽĨϱϬϬƉĞƌĐĞŶƚdŚĞďŽŶĚĞĚůĂďŽƵƌĞƌĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŬŶŽǁǁŚĞŶƚŚĞůĞŶĚĞƌǁŝůůĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌƚŚĞĚĞďƚƉĂŝĚƐŽƚŚĞůĞŶŐƚŚŽĨƐĞƌǀŝĐĞŝƐƵŶĚĞĮŶĞĚĂŶĚĞǆƚĞŶƐŝǀĞ^ƵĐŚĚĞďƚƐƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƚŚĞĞǆƉůŽŝƚĞƌǁŝƚŚũƵƐƟĮĐĂƟŽŶĨŽƌŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶŝŶŐŚŝƐŽƌŚĞƌǀŝĐƟŵŝŶďŽŶĚĂŐĞƌĞĚŝƚďŽŶĚĂŐĞŝƐĂƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶǁŚĞƌĞŽǀĞƌƟŵĞƚŚĞƚƌĂĸĐŬĞƌĚŽĞƐŶŽƚƉĂǇƚŚĞǀŝĐƟŵƚŚĞŝƌǁĂŐĞdŚĞǀŝĐƟŵƌĞŵĂŝŶƐĂƚƚŚĞĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶƐŝƚĞŝŶƚŚĞŚŽƉĞŽĨƌĞĐŽƵƉŝŶŐƚŚĞŝƌĞĂƌŶŝŶŐƐĂŶĚŵŝŶŝŵŝǌŝŶŐƚŚĞŝƌůŽƐƐĞƐdŚŝƐƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŽĨǁĂŝƟŶŐĐĂŶƚĂŬĞŵŽŶƚŚƐŽƌǇĞĂƌƐ^ĂĚůǇ ƚŚĞƐĞĞŵƉůŽǇĞƌƐƵƐƵĂůůǇŚĂǀĞŶŽŝŶƚĞŶƟŽŶŽĨĞǀĞƌƉĂǇŝŶŐƚŚĞŝƌĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞƐ

ĞƫŶŐĂƉĞƌƐŽŶŝŶƚŽƐůĂǀĞƌǇƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĚĞďƚŝƐŽŌĞŶǀĞƌǇĞĂƐǇ dŚĞƐĐĞŶĂƌŝŽŽŌĞŶůŽŽŬƐƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐůŝŬĞƚŚŝƐdĂŬĞĂĨĂŵŝůǇƚŚĂƚĞĂƌŶƐŶŽŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶh^ΨϮƉĞƌĚĂǇ dŚĞǇůŝǀĞĨƌŽŵŚĂŶĚƚŽŵŽƵƚŚƵƐŝŶŐƚŚŝƐůŝŵŝƚĞĚŵŽŶĞǇƚŽĐŽǀĞƌƚŚĞŝƌĨŽŽĚĂŶĚŚŽƵƐŝŶŐKŶĞĚĂǇ ĂĨĂŵŝůǇŵĞŵďĞƌďĞĐŽŵĞƐǀĞƌǇŝůůdŽƐĂǀĞŚŝƐůŝĨĞƚŚĞĨĂŵŝůǇŶĞĞĚƐh^ΨϮϬƚŽďƵǇŵĞĚŝĐŝŶĞ^ŝŶĐĞƚŚĞǇŚĂǀĞŶŽŵŽŶĞǇƚŽŽīĞƌ ƚŚĞǇďŽƌƌŽǁƚŚŝƐĂŵŽƵŶƚĨƌŽŵĂŚƵŵĂŶƚƌĂĸĐŬĞƌ ƵƚƐŝŶĐĞƚŚĞǇǁŝůůŶĞǀĞƌĞĂƌŶŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶh^ΨϮƉĞƌĚĂǇ ƚŚĞǇǁŝůůŶĞǀĞƌďĞĂďůĞƚŽƉĂǇďĂĐŬďŽƚŚƚŚĞůŽĂŶĂŶĚƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚdŽƌĞĐŽǀĞƌŚŝƐŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚƚŚĞƚƌĂĸĐŬĞƌǁŝůůŝŶƐŝƐƚƚŚĂƚĂĨĂŵŝůǇŵĞŵďĞƌǁŽƌŬĨŽƌĂĚƵƌĂƟŽŶŽĨƟŵĞƚŽƉĂǇƚŚŝƐĚĞďƚtŝƚŚĞǆĐĞƐƐŝǀĞŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƚŚŝƐĐŽƵůĚƚĂŬĞĂǇĞĂƌŽƌŵŽƌĞdŚŝƐŝƐĂĐŽŵŵŽŶĨŽƌŵŽĨŚƵŵĂŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇ

EXAMPLE

Dƌ ^ŚĂƌŵĂƌƵŶƐĂƐŵĂůůďĂƩĞƌǇĨĂĐƚŽƌǇŝŶEŽƌƚŚĞƌŶŶĚŝĂdŚĞĚŝĸĐƵůƚĚĂŶŐĞƌŽƵƐǁŽƌŬƌĞƐƵůƚƐŝŶĂŚŝŐŚĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞƚƵƌŶŽǀĞƌ Dƌ ^ŚĂƌŵĂƌĞƐŽƌƚƐƚŽƚĂŬŝŶŐŽŶƚƌĂĸĐŬĞĚƉĞƌƐŽŶƐ ZĞĂůŝǌŝŶŐƚŚĂƚŚĞĐĂŶŽďƚĂŝŶĨĂƌŚŝŐŚĞƌƉƌŽĮƚƐďǇĨŽƌĐŝŶŐƉĞŽƉůĞƚŽǁŽƌŬůŽŶŐĞƌŚŽƵƌƐǁŝƚŚůŝƩůĞŽƌŶŽƉĂǇŚĞĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐƚŽĚĞŵĂŶĚŵŽƌĞĂŶĚŵŽƌĞĨƌŽŵŚŝƐƐƚĂīdŽŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶĐŽŵƉůŝĂŶĐĞŚĞƌĞŐƵůĂƌůǇďĞĂƚƐĂŶĚƚŚƌĞĂƚĞŶƐƚŚĞĨĂĐƚŽƌǇǁŽƌŬĞƌƐdŽũƵƐƟĨǇŬĞĞƉŝŶŐƚŚĞŵƚŚĞƌĞŚĞĐƌĞĂƚĞƐĂƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞǇĨĂůůŝŶƚŽĚĞĞƉĞƌĂŶĚĚĞĞƉĞƌĚĞďƚǁŝƚŚŚŝŵĞĐŚĂƌŐĞƐƚŚĞŵĨŽƌŚŽƵƐŝŶŐĨŽŽĚŵĞĚŝĐĂůĐĂƌĞĞƚĐĞĨŽƌĞůŽŶŐŚŝƐǁŽƌŬĞƌƐĂƌĞƚƌĂƉƉĞĚŝŶĂĐǇĐůĞŽĨĚĞďƚďŽŶĚĂŐĞ^ŝŶĐĞŚĞƌĞĐƌƵŝƚƐƉĞƌƐŽŶƐĨƌŽŵĂŶŐůĂĚĞƐŚǁŚŽĚŽŶƚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞŽƌƚŚĞĐƵůƚƵƌĞŝƚŝƐŵƵĐŚĞĂƐŝĞƌƚŽŐĞƚƚŚĞŵƚŽĐŽŵƉůǇǁŝƚŚŚŝƐǁŝƐŚĞƐƐƚŚĞĞǆŝƐƟŶŐĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚƌĞŐƵůĂƟŽŶƐĂƌĞƉŽŽƌůǇĞŶĨŽƌĐĞĚďǇƚŚĞƐƚĂƚĞŚŝƐŝůůŝĐŝƚďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐƚŽŇŽƵƌŝƐŚƵŶĐŚĞĐŬĞĚ


EŽƚĂůůƚƌĂĸĐŬĞƌƐĂƌĞƐƚƌĂŶŐĞƌƐDĂŶǇĂƌĞŬŶŽǁŶƚŽƚŚĞǀŝĐƟŵƐĂŶĚŵĂǇĞǀĞŶďĞŵĞŵďĞƌƐŽĨƚŚĞĨĂŵŝůǇ ĂƐŝŶƚŚŝƐŶĞǆƚĞǆĂŵƉůĞ

EXAMPLE

ůŝŝƐĂǇŽƵŶŐŵĂŶĨƌŽŵĂŶŐůĂĚĞƐŚǁŝƚŚĚƌĞĂŵƐŽĨŽǁŶŝŶŐŚŝƐŽǁŶůĂŶĚƵƌŝŶŐĂďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐƚƌŝƉƚŽŶĚŝĂŚĞůĞĂƌŶƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞƉĞŽƉůĞůŽŽŬŝŶŐĨŽƌǇŽƵŶŐǁŽŵĞŶƚŽǁŽƌŬŝŶƐǁĞĂƚƐŚŽƉƐƚƌĂĸĐŬĞƌƚĞůůƐŚŝŵƚŚĂƚŚĞĐĂŶĞĂƌŶĂƟĚǇƐƵŵŽĨŵŽŶĞǇƐŝŵƉůǇďǇďƌŝŶŐŝŶŐǇŽƵŶŐŐŝƌůƐƚŽĂĐĞƌƚĂŝŶůŽĐĂƟŽŶhƉŽŶƌĞƚƵƌŶŝŶŐŚŽŵĞůŝĚĞĐŝĚĞƐƚŽƚĂůŬŚŝƐϭϴͲǇĞĂƌͲŽůĚĐŽƵƐŝŶ^ƵƐŚŵĂŝŶƚŽŐŽŝŶŐǁŝƚŚŚŝŵďĂĐŬƚŽŶĚŝĂĨŽƌĂƐŚŽƌƚǀŝƐŝƚdŽĂǀŽŝĚƚƌŽƵďůĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĨĂŵŝůǇ ŚĞƚĞůůƐ^ƵƐŚŵĂƚŚĂƚŚĞŚĂƐĂůƌĞĂĚǇƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚŚĞƌĨĂƚŚĞƌ ƐƉĞƌŵŝƐƐŝŽŶƚŽƚƌĂǀĞůǁŝƚŚŚĞƌ ^ŝŶĐĞ^ƵƐŚŵĂůŝǀĞƐŝŶĂŵĂůĞͲĚŽŵŝŶĂƚĞĚƐŽĐŝĞƚǇ ƐŚĞĂĐĐĞƉƚƐŚŝƐǁŽƌĚdŚĞǇƚĂŬĞŽīĨŽƌŶĚŝĂǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĂŶǇŽŶĞĞůƐĞŬŶŽǁŝŶŐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞǇŚĂǀĞůĞŌhƉŽŶĂƌƌŝǀŝŶŐůŝƐĞůůƐƚŚĞƵŶƐƵƐƉĞĐƟŶŐ^ƵƐŚŵĂƚŽĂƐǁĞĂƚƐŚŽƉŽǁŶĞƌĂŶĚǁĂůŬƐĂǁĂǇǁŝƚŚĂƐƵďƐƚĂŶƟĂůĂŵŽƵŶƚŽĨĐĂƐŚ

DIRECT SELLING OF A PERSON

ŶƐŽŵĞĐĂƐĞƐĂƚƌĂĸĐŬĞƌĚĞůŝǀĞƌƐĂƉĞƌƐŽŶƚŽĂŶĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶƐŝƚĞĂŶĚƚŚĞŶƌĞĐĞŝǀĞƐĂĐĂƐŚƉĂǇŵĞŶƚŶĞƐƐĞŶĐĞǀŝĐƟŵƐĂƌĞƐŽůĚƚŽƚŚĞďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐampŽƌǀŝĐƟŵƐƚŽƌĞŐĂŝŶƚŚĞŝƌĨƌĞĞĚŽŵƚŚĞǇĂƌĞĞǆƉĞĐƚĞĚƚŽǁŽƌŬŽīƚŚĞĂŵŽƵŶƚŽĨŵŽŶĞǇƚŚĞďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐŽǁŶĞƌƉĂŝĚĨŽƌƚŚĞŵĂůŽŶŐǁŝƚŚĂĚĚŝƟŽŶĂůĨĞĞƐĂĚĚĞĚƚŽƚŚĞŽƌŝŐŝŶĂůĂŵŽƵŶƚdŚŝƐŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĚĞďƚŚŽůĚƐƚŚĞƉĞƌƐŽŶŝŶƉůĂĐĞŽŵƉĂƌĞĚƚŽŵĂŶǇǇĞĂƌƐďĞĨŽƌĞƐůĂǀĞƉƌŝĐĞƐŚĂǀĞŐŽŶĞĚŽǁŶŝŶŵŽĚĞƌŶƟŵĞƐdŚĞĂǀĞƌĂŐĞƉƌŝĐĞĨŽƌĂƐůĂǀĞŝŶƚŚĞŵŝĚͲϭϴϬϬƐǁĂƐĂƉƉƌŽǆŝŵĂƚĞůǇh^ΨϰϬϬϬϬĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚƚŽĐƵƌƌĞŶƚǀĂůƵĞƐͿdŽĚĂǇ ĚĞƉĞŶĚŝŶŐƵƉŽŶƚŚĞůŽĐĂƟŽŶĂƐůĂǀĞĐĂŶďĞĂĐƋƵŝƌĞĚĨŽƌĂƐůŝƩůĞĂƐh^ΨϭϬϬ13

AVERAGE PRICE OF A SLAVE

Ŷ1809ĂĚũƵƐƚĞĚƚŽƚŽĚĂǇ ƐǀĂůƵĞͿ

$40000

$100

Ŷ2014


ABDUCTION

tŚŝůĞƐŽŵĞƐůĂǀĞƌǇǀŝĐƟŵƐĂƌĞĂďĚƵĐƚĞĚƚŚŝƐƚĂĐƟĐŝƐƵƐĞĚůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶŵŽƐƚŽƚŚĞƌĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐƚŝƐŵƵĐŚĞĂƐŝĞƌƚŽƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƉĞƌƐŽŶǁŚŽŝƐǁŝůůŝŶŐƌĂƚŚĞƌƚŚĂŶƚŽƵƐĞĨŽƌĐĞǁŝƚŚƚŚŽƐĞǁŚŽĂƌĞŶŽƚtŚĞŶƉĞŽƉůĞĐĂŶďĞĚĞĐĞŝǀĞĚŝŶƚŽďĞůŝĞǀŝŶŐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞǇǁŝůůďĞŶĞĮƚĨƌŽŵŐŽŝŶŐƐŽŵĞǁŚĞƌĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƟŶŐƚŚĞŵŝƐĂŵƵĐŚĞĂƐŝĞƌƚĂƐŬŽŵƉůŝĂŶƚǀŝĐƟŵƐǁŝůůŚĞůƉƚƌĂĸĐŬĞƌƐĞǀĂĚĞƚŚĞĂƩĞŶƟŽŶŽĨďŽƌĚĞƌƉŽůŝĐĞĂŶĚĐƵƐƚŽŵƐŽĸĐŝĂůƐdŚĞǀŝĐƟŵƐǁŝůůďĞƵŶůŝŬĞůǇƚŽĂƩĞŵƉƚĂŶĞƐĐĂƉĞƵŶƟůŝƚŝƐƚŽŽůĂƚĞŶĐŽŶƚƌĂƐƚŬŝĚŶĂƉƉŝŶŐǀŝĐƟŵƐƚĞŶĚƚŽĮŐŚƚŬŝĐŬĂŶĚƐĐƌĞĂŵdŚŝƐƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐŽďǀŝŽƵƐƌŝƐŬƐĨŽƌƚƌĂĸĐŬĞƌƐĞůŽǁŝƐĂƐƚĂƚĞŵĞŶƚŵĂĚĞďǇĂƚƌĂĸĐŬĞƌŝŶĂŶŐůĂĚĞƐŚ

tĞĐŽůůĞĐƚĞĚƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĨƌŽŵŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞůŽĐĂůƐĐŚŽŽůƐŝŶltŚƵůŶĂdŚĞƐĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐŚĂǀĞĂĮǆĞĚǀĂŶͲƉƵůůĞƌǁŚŽƉŝĐŬƐƵƉĂŶĚĚƌŽƉƐŽīƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶ^ŽŵĞƟŵĞƐƚŚĞƐĞĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶĂƌĞƚĂŬĞŶƚŽƉĂƌŬƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƐĐŚŽŽůƐƉĞƌŵŝƐƐŝŽŶtĞĐŽŶƚĂĐƚĞĚŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞŐƵǇƐĂŶĚĂƐŬĞĚŚŝŵƚŽďƌŝŶŐĂĨĞǁĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶƚŽƵƐtĞĂŐƌĞĞĚƚŽƉĂǇŚŝŵϲϬϬϬϬdĂŬĂKŶĞĚĂǇǁŚĞŶƚŚĞǀĂŶͲƉƵůůĞƌĨŽƵŶĚƐƵŝƚĂďůĞĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐƚŽĂďĚƵĐƚƚŚĞĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶŚĞƚŽŽŬƚŚĞŵƚŽƚŚĞZƵƉƐŚĂZŝǀĞƌ ĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĞĚƵƐƚŽŵĞĞƚŚŝŵĂƚĂĐĞƌƚĂŝŶƐƉŽƚƚŽĐŽůůĞĐƚƚŚĞŵŌĞƌĐŽůůĞĐƟŶŐƚŚĞŵƚŚĞǇǁĞƌĞƚƌĂĸĐŬĞĚƚŽŶĚŝĂƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞŚŽŵƌĂďŽƌĚĞƌ dŚĞŝƌƉĂƌĞŶƚƐŶĞǀĞƌŬŶĞǁǁŚĂƚŚĂƉƉĞŶĞĚtĞŽŶůǇŶĞĞĚĞĚĮǀĞŬŝĚƐďƵƚŚĞďƌŽƵŐŚƚƐĞǀĞŶ dŚĞƚƌĂĸĐŬĞƌůĂƵŐŚĞĚ


THREATS AND VIOLENCE

dƌĂĸĐŬĞƌƐǀŝŽůĂƚĞŵĂŶǇůĂǁƐĂŶĚŚƵŵĂŶƌŝŐŚƚƐĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŽĨƌĞĐƌƵŝƟŶŐƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƟŶŐŚĂƌďŽƵƌŝŶŐƐĞůůŝŶŐĂŶĚŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶŝŶŐƚŚĞŝƌǀŝĐƟŵƐdŚŝƐĐĂŶŝŶĐůƵĚĞƚŽƌƚƵƌĞƌĂƉĞďĞĂƟŶŐƐƚŚƌĞĂƚƐŽĨǀŝŽůĞŶĐĞƚŚƌĞĂƚƐŽĨƌĞƉƌŝƐĂůƐĂŐĂŝŶƐƚĨĂŵŝůǇŵĞŵďĞƌƐĚĞƉƌŝǀĂƟŽŶŽĨĨŽŽĚĂŶĚƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůĐŽŶĮŶĞŵĞŶƚĂĐŚŽĨƚŚĞƐĞĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƚĞƐƚŽƉůĂĐŝŶŐĂŶĚŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶŝŶŐƚŚĞƉĞƌƐŽŶŝŶĂƐůĂǀĞͲůŝŬĞƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶdŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐĂĐĐŽƵŶƚĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞƐƚŚĞĞǆƚĞŶƚƚŽǁŚŝĐŚƚƌĂĸĐŬĞƌƐŐŽƚŽŚŽůĚĂƉĞƌƐŽŶŝŶƉůĂĐĞ

ŌĞƌĂƌƌŝǀŝŶŐĂƚƚŚĞĨĂĐƚŽƌǇŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƚŚŝŶŐƐǁĂƐƐŚŽǁŶǁĂƐĂƐŚŽƌƚǀŝĚĞŽŽŶĂŵŽďŝůĞƉŚŽŶĞŽĨĂǇŽƵŶŐŵĂŶďĞŝŶŐďĞĂƚĞŶƚŽĚĞĂƚŚǁŝƚŚĂĐůƵďtŚĞŶƚƌŝĞĚƚŽƚƵƌŶĂǁĂǇƚŚĞǇŚĞůĚŵǇŚĞĂĚŝŶƉůĂĐĞƚŽĨŽƌĐĞŵĞƚŽǁĂƚĐŚƚŚĞǀŝĚĞŽƚŽƚŚĞĞŶĚƐƟůůƌĞŵĞŵďĞƌĂůůŽĨƚŚĞďůŽŽĚdŚĞƌĞǁĂƐŶŽƚŚŝŶŐůĞŌŽĨŚŝƐŚĞĂĚǁŚĞŶƚŚĞǇǁĞƌĞĚŽŶĞǁĂƐƚŽůĚƚŚĂƚŝĨĞǀĞƌƚƌŝĞĚƚŽƌƵŶƚŚŝƐǁŽƵůĚŚĂƉƉĞŶƚŽŵĞĂŶĚŵǇĨĂŵŝůǇŵĞŵďĞƌƐampƌŽŵƚŚĂƚƉŽŝŶƚŽŶĚŝĚĞǀĞƌǇƚŚŝŶŐƚŚĞǇƐĂŝĚ

ISOLATION AND CONFINEMENT

ampŽƌŵĂŶǇǀŝĐƟŵƐŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶĨƌŽŵŽƚŚĞƌƐĂŶĚĐŽŶĮŶĞŵĞŶƚƉƌĞǀĞŶƚĞĚƚŚĞŵĨƌŽŵƐĞĞŬŝŶŐŚĞůƉdŚĞƐĞĨĂĐƚŽƌƐĂƌĞŽŌĞŶƚŚĞĐĂƐĞĨŽƌǀŝĐƟŵƐŽĨĚŽŵĞƐƟĐƐĞƌǀŝƚƵĚĞĂŶĚĨŽƌĐĞĚŵĂƌƌŝĂŐĞdŚĞƚĂĐƟĐƐƵƐĞĚƚŽĞŶĨŽƌĐĞƚŚŝƐŝƐŽůĂƟŽŶŽŌĞŶŝŶĐůƵĚĞǀŝŽůĞŶĐĞŽƌƚŚƌĞĂƚƐŽĨǀŝŽůĞŶĐĞdŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐƐƚŽƌǇŝƐĨƌŽŵŶĚŝĂ

ǁŽƌŬĞĚĨƌŽŵϱϬϬĂŵƵŶƟůŵŝĚŶŝŐŚƚĞǀĞƌǇĚĂǇĨŽƌƚŚƌĞĞǇĞĂƌƐŶĞǀĞƌŚĂĚĂĚĂǇŽīŽƌĂŶǇƟŵĞƚŽŵǇƐĞůĨ dŚĞĐŽŵƉŽƵŶĚĚŽŽƌǁĂƐĂůǁĂǇƐůŽĐŬĞĚĂŶĚƚŚĞǁĂůůƐǁĞƌĞƐŽŚŝŐŚƚŚĞƌĞǁĂƐŶŽǁĂǇĐŽƵůĚĞƐĐĂƉĞKŶĞĚĂǇŚĞĂƌĚĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶƉůĂǇŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞƐƚƌĞĞƚ^ŝŶĐĞǁĂƐĚĞƐƉĞƌĂƚĞƚŽůĞĂǀĞƉƵƚĂŶŽƚĞŝŶĂƉůĂƐƟĐďŽƩůĞĂŶĚƚŚƌĞǁŝƚŽǀĞƌƚŚĞǁĂůůůůĂƚŽŶĐĞƚŚĞǇǁĞŶƚƋƵŝĞƚampŽƌƚŚƌĞĞĚĂǇƐǁĂŝƚĞĚŶŽƚŚŝŶŐŚĂƉƉĞŶĞĚdŚĞŶŽŶƚŚĞĨŽƵƌƚŚĚĂǇĂƉĞƌƐŽŶĨƌŽŵƚŚĞƉŽůŝĐĞĐĂŵĞtŚŝůĞŵǇĞŵƉůŽǇĞƌƚƌŝĞĚƚŽƐĂǇƚŚĞƌĞǁĂƐŶŽƉƌŽďůĞŵƌĂŶƵƉƚŽƚŚĞƉŽůŝĐĞŵĂŶĂŶĚďĞŐŐĞĚĨŽƌŚĞůƉĨŚĂĚŶƚƚŚƌŽǁŶƚŚĂƚŶŽƚĞǁŽƵůĚƐƟůůďĞƚŚĞƌĞƚŽĚĂǇ


THREATS AND VIOLENCEviolate many laws and human rights during the process of

tr harbouring selling and maintaining their This can includetorture rape threats of violence threats of reprisals against family membersde of food and physical Each of these elements contributesto placing and maintaining the person in a slave-like The following accountdemonstrates the extent to which go to hold a person in place

ldquoon a mobile phone of a young man being beaten to death with a club When I tried to turn away they held my head in place to force me to watch the video to

they were done I was told that if I ever tried to run this would happen to me and my family members From that point on I did everything they saidrdquo

ISOLATION AND CONFINEMENTFor many from others and prevented them fromseeking help These factors are en the case for of dome servitude andforced marriage The used to enforce this include violence orthreats of violence The following story is from India

walls were so high there was no way I could escape One day I heard children

and threw it over the wall All at once they went quiet For three days I waited nothing happened Then on the fourth day a person from the police came While my employer tried to say there was no problem I ran up to the policeman and

18The Mekong Club | Ending Modern Slavery A Resource Guide for Business Leaders

TERMS DEFINITIONS AND EMERGING TRENDSdŚĞŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌŝŶŐǁŽƌůĚŚĂƐƐƉĞŶƚŵĂŶǇǇĞĂƌƐĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŝƐƐƵĞŽĨĨŽƌĐĞĚůĂďŽƵƌǁŝƚŚŝŶŝƚƐƐƵƉƉůǇĐŚĂŝŶƐdŚŝƐŝƐŶŽƚĂƚĂůůĂŶĞǁĐŽŶĐĞƉƚdŚĞĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶƵƐĞĚďǇŵŽƐƚĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐĂůůǁŽƌŬŽƌƐĞƌǀŝĐĞǁŚŝĐŚŝƐĞǆƚƌĂĐƚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶǇƉĞƌƐŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞŵĞŶĂĐĞŽĨĂŶǇƉĞŶĂůƚǇĂŶĚĨŽƌǁŚŝĐŚƚŚĞƉĞƌƐŽŶŚĂƐŶŽƚŽīĞƌĞĚƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐǀŽůƵŶƚĂƌŝůǇ dŚŝƐĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶƉůĂĐĞƐƚŚĞĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐŽŶƚŚĞŶĞŐĂƟǀĞĐŽŶƐĞƋƵĞŶĐĞƐŽĨůĞĂǀŝŶŐĂũŽďĂŶĚƚŚĞĨĂĐƚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƉĞƌƐŽŶŝƐĨŽƌĐĞĚƚŽĂĐĐĞƉƚǁŽƌŬĂŐĂŝŶƐƚŚŝƐŽƌŚĞƌǁŝůů

tŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞƉĂƐƚĮǀĞǇĞĂƌƐƚŚĞƚŽƉŝĐŽĨhuman ƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐŚĂƐďĞĞŶĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚŝƐƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂůĐŽŶĐĞƉƚŽĨĨŽƌĐĞĚůĂďŽƵƌƚŽĞǆƉĂŶĚƚŚĞƌĂŶŐĞŽĨĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůƐĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐƵŵĂŶƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐĂƐĂĐŽŶĐĞƉƚŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐĨŽƌĐĞĚůĂďŽƵƌĂƐĂŶŽƵƚĐŽŵĞďƵƚŐŽĞƐĨƵƌƚŚĞƌďǇƉůĂĐŝŶŐŵƵĐŚŽĨƚŚĞĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐŽŶŚŽǁĂƉĞƌƐŽŶŐĞƚƐŝŶƚŽƚŚĞĨŽƌĐĞĚůĂďŽƵƌƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶampŽƌĞǆĂŵƉůĞƚŚĞƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶĨŽĐƵƐĞƐŽŶƚŚĞĂĐƚŽĨƌĞĐƌƵŝƚŵĞŶƚƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌ ŚĂƌďŽƵƌŝŶŐŽƌƌĞĐĞŝƉƚďǇŵĞĂŶƐŽĨƚŚƌĞĂƚƵƐĞŽĨĨŽƌĐĞŽƌĐŽĞƌĐŝŽŶĂďĚƵĐƟŽŶĨƌĂƵĚĚĞĐĞƉƟŽŶĂďƵƐĞŽĨƉŽǁĞƌ ĂŶĚĂďƵƐĞŽĨǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇ 14dŚƵƐǁŚĂƚŚĂƉƉĞŶƐďĞĨŽƌĞƚŚĞĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶďĞŐŝŶƐŝƐĂŵĂũŽƌĨĂĐƚŽƌ

^ŝŶĐĞϭϵϮϲƚŚĞƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂůĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶŽĨƐůĂǀĞƌǇŚĂƐƌĞŵĂŝŶĞĚƌĞůĂƟǀĞůǇƵŶĐŚĂŶŐĞĚ

^ůĂǀĞƌǇŝƐĚĞĮŶĞĚĂƐƚŚĞƐƚĂƚƵƐŽƌĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶŽĨĂƉĞƌƐŽŶŽǀĞƌǁŚŽŵĂŶǇŽƌĂůůŽĨƚŚĞƉŽǁĞƌƐĂƩĂĐŚŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞƌŝŐŚƚŽĨŽǁŶĞƌƐŚŝƉĂƌĞĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞĚ 15ŶƚŚŝƐĐĂƐĞƚŚĞĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐŝƐƉůĂĐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞŽǁŶĞƌƐŚŝƉĂŶĚůŽƐƐŽĨĐŽŶƚƌŽůŽĨĂƉĞƌƐŽŶƐůŝĨĞ

ŶĂĚĚŝƟŽŶƚŽƚŚĞƐĞĚŝƐƟŶĐƟŽŶƐƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞŽƚŚĞƌ ŵŽƌĞƌĞĮŶĞĚĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĨŽĐƵƐŽŶǀĂƌŝĂƟŽŶƐŽĨĨŽƌĐĞĚůĂďŽƵƌ ampŽƌĞǆĂŵƉůĞĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚƐůĂǀĞƌǇŝƐǁŚĞŶĂĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚŝƐŽīĞƌĞĚƚŚĂƚŐƵĂƌĂŶƚĞĞƐĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚŝŶĂĨĂĐƚŽƌǇŽƌƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐĞƫŶŐdŚĞǁŽƌŬĞƌƉĂǇƐĂĨĞĞŽŌĞŶƚŽĂƌĞĐƌƵŝƚŵĞŶƚĂŐĞŶĐǇƚŽĮŶĚǁŽƌŬĨŽƌƚŚĞŵdŚĞĞǆƉĞĐƚĂƟŽŶŝƐƚŚĂƚƚŚŝƐĨĞĞƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐĂŶŝŶǀĞƐƚŵĞŶƚƚŚĂƚǁŝůůďƌŝŶŐĂŵƵĐŚŚŝŐŚĞƌƌĞƚƵƌŶŽǀĞƌƟŵĞtŚĂƚŽŌĞŶhappens instead is that the person arrives at ƚŚĞŶĞǁǁŽƌŬƉůĂĐĞŽŶůǇƚŽĨĂĐĞĞŶƐůĂǀĞŵĞŶƚĂŶĚĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞŵƵĐŚǁŽƌƐĞƚŚĂŶĞǆƉĞĐƚĞĚtŝƚŚďŽŶĚĞĚůĂďŽƵƌ ĂƉĞƌƐŽŶďĞĐŽŵĞƐƚŚĞƉƌŽƉĞƌƚǇŽĨĂŶŽƚŚĞƌƉĞƌƐŽŶƚŽǁŽƌŬĨŽƌƚŚĞŵĂƐĐŽůůĂƚĞƌĂůĂŐĂŝŶƐƚĂůŽĂŶƚŚĂƚǁĂƐŵĂĚĞdŚĞƐĞĚĞďƚƐĂƌĞŽŌĞŶĞŶĨŽƌĐĞĚďǇƚŚĞƚŚƌĞĂƚŽƌƵƐĞŽĨƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůǀŝŽůĞŶĐĞĂŐĂŝŶƐƚƚŚĞǀŝĐƟŵĂŶĚŽƌŚŝƐĨĂŵŝůǇŶĞƚǁŽƌŬ

ĞŐŝŶŶŝŶŐŝŶϮϬϭϰldquomodern slaveryrdquo has ĞŵĞƌŐĞĚĂƐĂŶƵŵďƌĞůůĂƚĞƌŵƚŽŝŶĐůƵĚĞŶĞĂƌůǇĂůůƚŚĞĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶƐůŝƐƚĞĚĂďŽǀĞǁŝƚŚŝŶŽŶĞĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚŚĞĂĚŝŶŐdŚĞĂĚũĞĐƟǀĞ

ŵŽĚĞƌŶŝƐŽīĞƌĞĚƚŽŝĚĞŶƟĨǇƐůĂǀĞƌǇĂƐĂĐƌŝŵĞǁŚŽƐĞŝŵƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐŚĂǀĞŶŽƚĐŚĂŶŐĞĚďƵƚƐŽŵĞŽĨŝƚƐĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐŚĂǀĞĂĚĂƉƚĞĚƚŽŵŽĚĞƌŶƟŵĞƐůƐŽƚŚŝƐƚĞƌŵŝŶŽůŽŐǇĐŚŽŝĐĞĨŽůůŽǁƐƚŚĞƐƚĞƉƐŽĨŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞůĞĂĚŝŶŐƉŝĞĐĞƐŽĨůĞŐŝƐůĂƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞĮĞůĚƚŚĞhltDŽĚĞƌŶ^ůĂǀĞƌǇĐƚϭϲdŚĞƚĞƌŵŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇŵĂǇƐŽƵŶĚŚĂƌƐŚƚŽƚŚŽƐĞŶĞǁƚŽƚŚŝƐƚŽƉŝĐďƵƚŵĂŶǇŶŽǁĨĞĞůƚŚĂƚƚŚŝƐŝƐƚŚĞƌŝŐŚƚĐŽŵďŝŶĂƟŽŶŽĨǁŽƌĚƐƚŽĚĞƐĐƌŝďĞƚŚĞŽďŶŽǆŝŽƵƐƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƐǀŝĐƟŵƐĂƌĞĨŽƌĐĞĚƚŽĞŶĚƵƌĞDŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇŝƐĞŵĞƌŐŝŶŐĂƐƚŚĞŶĞǁƉĂƌĂĚŝŐŵŽĨŽƵƌƟŵĞ

ŶƚŚĞƐĞĐƚŝŽŶďĞůŽǁĂŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƚĞƌŵƐĐŽŵŵŽŶůǇĂŶĚďƌŽĂĚůǇƵƐĞĚŝŶƚŚĞĂŶƚŝͲƐůĂǀĞƌǇĨŝĞůĚǁŝůůďĞĨƵƌƚŚĞƌĚĞĨŝŶĞĚĂŶĚĐůĂƌŝĨŝĞĚdŚĞŶĞĐĞƐƐŝƚǇŽĨĐůĞĂƌĚĞĨŝŶŝƚŝŽŶƐůŝĞƐŝŶƚŚƌĞĞŵĂŝŶƌĞĂƐŽŶƐ

ůĂƌŝĨǇŝŶŐǁŚŝĐŚƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƐĂƚĞƌŵƌĞĨĞƌƐƚŽŚĞůƉƐƵƐƚŽďĞƩĞƌƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚĂƉŚĞŶŽŵĞŶŽŶƚŚĂƚŝƐƋƵŝƚĞĐŽŵƉůĞǆǁŚŝĐŚŝƐƚŚĞĮƌƐƚŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌǇƐƚĞƉƚŽǁĂƌĚƐĂĐƟŽŶ

EĂƌƌŽǁŝŶŐĚŽǁŶĂƉƌŽďůĞŵďǇĚĞĮŶŝŶŐŝƚŚĞůƉƐǁŝƚŚƚĂƌŐĞƟŶŐĂĐƟŽŶ

ůĞĂƌĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶƐĂƌĞŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌǇĨŽƌƋƵĂŶƟĨǇŝŶŐĂƉƌŽďůĞŵĂŶĚĐŽŶƐĞƋƵĞŶƚůǇďĞŝŶŐĂďůĞƚŽŵĞĂƐƵƌĞĐŚĂŶŐĞ

ŶĂďůĞƐĂĐĐƵƌĂƚĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶďĞƚǁĞĞŶĂŐĞŶƚƐŽĨĐŚĂŶŐĞ


dŚĞŵŽƐƚĐƌŝƟĐĂůĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞŝƐƚŚĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐŽĨŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůůǇĂŐƌĞĞĚĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶƐĂƚƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĞǀĞůĂŶĚƚŚĞůĂĐŬŽĨĐŽŵŵŽŶƐƚĂƟƐƟĐĂůŝŶĚŝĐĂƚŽƌƐƚŚĂƚǁŽƵůĚĂůůŽǁƵƐƚŽĐŽŵƉĂƌĞĚĂƚĂĂĐƌŽƐƐĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐdŚŝƐŝƐŽŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƌĞĂƐŽŶƐǁŚǇƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƐƵĐŚĂƐƚŚĞůŽďĂů^ůĂǀĞƌǇŶĚĞǆǁŚŝĐŚŝŶĚŝĐĂƚĞǀĞƌǇŚŝŐŚŶƵŵďĞƌƐŽĨǀŝĐƟŵƐŝŶŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇ ĂƌĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶĞĚďǇĐĞƌƚĂŝŶĂƵĚŝĞŶĐĞƐdŽďĞƩĞƌƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶƚŚĞǀĂƌŝŽƵƐƚĞƌŵƐďĞůŽǁŝƐĂŵŽƌĞĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚƐƵŵŵĂƌǇ

DEFINITION ^ZWdKE

TRADITIONAL ^gtsZz

dŚĞŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůůǇĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶŽĨƐůĂǀĞƌǇǁĂƐŽƵƚůŝŶĞĚŝŶƚŚĞϭϵϮϲ^ůĂǀĞƌǇŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶǁŚŝĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƐƚŚĂƚ^ůĂǀĞƌǇŝƐƚŚĞƐƚĂƚƵƐŽƌĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶŽĨĂƉĞƌƐŽŶŽǀĞƌǁŚŽŵĂŶǇŽƌĂůůŽĨƚŚĞƉŽǁĞƌƐĂƩĂĐŚŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞƌŝŐŚƚŽĨŽǁŶĞƌƐŚŝƉĂƌĞĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞĚ ϭϳEŽƚĞƚŚĂƚƚŚŝƐĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶĞƋƵĂƚĞƐƐůĂǀĞƌǇǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŽǁŶŝŶŐŽĨĂƉĞƌƐŽŶdŚĞĞůůĂŐŝŽͲĂƌǀĂƌĚƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐŽŶƚŚĞgtĞŐĂůWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐŽĨ^ůĂǀĞƌǇƐƚĂƚĞƐdŚĞĞǆĞƌĐŝƐĞŽĨƚŚĞƉŽǁĞƌƐĂƩĂĐŚŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞƌŝŐŚƚŽĨŽǁŶĞƌƐŚŝƉƐŚŽƵůĚďĞƵŶĚĞƌƐƚŽŽĚĂƐĐŽŶƐƟƚƵƟŶŐĐŽŶƚƌŽůŽǀĞƌĂƉĞƌƐŽŶŝŶƐƵĐŚĂǁĂǇĂƐƚŽƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚůǇĚĞƉƌŝǀĞƚŚĂƚƉĞƌƐŽŶŽĨŚŝƐŽƌŚĞƌŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůůŝďĞƌƚǇ ǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŝŶƚĞŶƚŽĨĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞƵƐĞŵĂŶĂŐĞŵĞŶƚƉƌŽĮƚƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌŽƌĚŝƐƉŽƐĂůŽĨƚŚĂƚƉĞƌƐŽŶ ϭϴ

KEdZd^gtsZz

dŚĞǁŽƌŬĞƌƉĂǇƐĂŚŝŐŚĨĞĞŽŌĞŶƚŽĂƌĞĐƌƵŝƚŵĞŶƚĂŐĞŶĐǇ ƚŽĮŶĚǁŽƌŬĨŽƌƚŚĞŵĚĞĐĞƉƟǀĞĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚŝƐŽīĞƌĞĚƚŚĂƚŐƵĂƌĂŶƚĞĞƐĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚƉĞƌŚĂƉƐŝŶĂĨĂĐƚŽƌǇŽƌƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐĞƫŶŐdŚĞǀŝĐƟŵƐŝŐŶƐĂĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚŝŶĂůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞƚŚĞǇĐĂŶŶŽƚƌĞĂĚŽƌĂƐĂŶŝůůŝƚĞƌĂƚĞƉĞƌƐŽŶƚŚĞǇĂƌĞĨŽƌĐĞĚƚŽƐŝŐŶĂĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚƚŚĂƚŝƐŶŽƚĞǆƉůĂŝŶĞĚƚŽƚŚĞŵĨƚŚĞũŽďŝƐŝŶĂŶŽƚŚĞƌĐŽƵŶƚƌǇ ĂƉƌŽƐƉĞĐƟǀĞǁŽƌŬĞƌŽŌĞŶƉĂǇƐĂĨƵůůƌĂŶŐĞŽĨĞǆƉĞŶƐĞƐƌĞůĂƚĞĚƚŽƚŚĞĂĐƋƵŝƐŝƟŽŶŽĨĂƉĂƐƐƉŽƌƚĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌƚƌĂǀĞůĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐĐŽƐƚƐdŚĞƉƌŽŵŝƐĞŽīĞƌĞĚŝŶƚŚŝƐĐĂƐĞŝƐƚŚĂƚŚĞŽƌƐŚĞǁŝůůĞĂƌŶĞŶŽƵŐŚŵŽŶĞǇƚŽƉĂǇƚŚĞƐĞĨĞĞƐďĂĐŬŽǀĞƌĂƌĞůĂƟǀĞůǇƐŚŽƌƚƟŵĞtŚĂƚŚĂƉƉĞŶƐŝŶƐƚĞĂĚŝƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƉĞƌƐŽŶĂƌƌŝǀĞƐĂƚƚŚĞŶĞǁǁŽƌŬƉůĂĐĞŽŶůǇƚŽĨĂĐĞĞŶƐůĂǀĞŵĞŶƚĂŶĚĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞŵƵĐŚůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶĞǆƉĞĐƚĞĚdƌĂǀĞůĂŶĚŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐĂƌĞƚĂŬĞŶĂǁĂǇĂŶĚƚŚĞƉĞƌƐŽŶŝƐĨŽƌĐĞĚƚŽƉĂǇĞǆŽƌďŝƚĂŶƚĂŵŽƵŶƚƐĨŽƌƐƵďƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚŚŽƵƐŝŶŐĂŶĚĨŽŽĚĐŽŶƐƚĂŶƚƚŚƌĞĂƚŽĨǀŝŽůĞŶĐĞƉƌĞǀĞŶƚƐƚŚĞƉĞƌƐŽŶĨƌŽŵůĞĂǀŝŶŐŽƌůŽŽŬŝŶŐĨŽƌƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ

BONDED LABOUR

ƉĞƌƐŽŶďĞĐŽŵĞƐƚŚĞƉƌŽƉĞƌƚǇŽĨĂŶŽƚŚĞƌƉĞƌƐŽŶƚŽǁŽƌŬĨŽƌƚŚĞŵĂƐĐŽůůĂƚĞƌĂůĂŐĂŝŶƐƚĂůŽĂŶƚŚĂƚǁĂƐŵĂĚĞdŚĞƐĞĚĞďƚƐĂƌĞŽŌĞŶĞŶĨŽƌĐĞĚďǇƚŚĞƚŚƌĞĂƚŽƌƵƐĞŽĨƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůǀŝŽůĞŶĐĞĂŐĂŝŶƐƚƚŚĞǀŝĐƟŵĂŶĚŽƌŚŝƐĨĂŵŝůǇŶĞƚǁŽƌŬŶŵĂŶǇĐĂƐĞƐƚŚĞůĞŶĚĞƌƵƐĞƐĨĂůƐĞĂĐĐŽƵŶƟŶŐŵĞƚŚŽĚƐŽƌĐŚĂƌŐĞƐĞǆĐĞƐƐŝǀĞŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚŽǀĞƌƟŵĞdŚƵƐƚŚĞďŽŶĚĞĚůĂďŽƵƌĞƌĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŬŶŽǁǁŚĞŶƚŚĞĚĞďƚǁŝůůďĞƉĂŝĚŽīŵĂŬŝŶŐƚŚĞůĞŶŐƚŚŽĨƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƵŶĚĞĮŶĞĚŶƐŽŵĞĐĂƐĞƐƚŚŝƐůŽĂŶŝƐƉĂƐƐĞĚĚŽǁŶĨƌŽŵŽŶĞŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŽŶƚŽĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ

gt^^gt^gtsZzΈddgtΉ

ƉĞƌƐŽŶŝƐďŽƌŶŽƌƐŽůĚŝŶƚŽĂůŝĨĞŽĨƉĞƌŵĂŶĞŶƚƐĞƌǀŝƚƵĚĞdŚŝƐĨŽƌŵŽĨƐůĂǀĞƌǇ ǁŚŝĐŚŚĂƐďĞĞŶŽƵƚůĂǁĞĚŝŶŵƵĐŚŽĨƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐƚŽĚĂǇŝŶƉĂƌƚƐŽĨƐƵďͲ^ĂŚĂƌĂŶĨƌŝĐĂŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐDĂƵƌŝƚĂŶŝĂEŝŐĞƌĂŶĚ^ƵĚĂŶ

HUMAN dZampampltE

dŚĞŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂĐĐĞƉƚĞĚĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶŽĨŚƵŵĂŶƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐŝƐƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚŝŶƚŚĞhŶŝƚĞĚEĂƟŽŶƐWĂůĞƌŵŽWƌŽƚŽĐŽůǁŚŝĐŚƐƚĂƚĞƐdƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐŝŶƉĞƌƐŽŶƐƐŚĂůůŵĞĂŶƚŚĞƌĞĐƌƵŝƚŵĞŶƚƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶƚƌĂŶƐĨĞƌ ŚĂƌďŽƌŝŶŐŽƌƌĞĐĞŝƉƚŽĨƉĞƌƐŽŶƐďǇŵĞĂŶƐŽĨƚŚĞƚŚƌĞĂƚŽĨƵƐĞŽĨĨŽƌĐĞŽƌŽƚŚĞƌĨŽƌŵƐŽĨĐŽĞƌĐŝŽŶŽĨĂďĚƵĐƟŽŶŽĨĨƌĂƵĚŽĨĚĞĐĞƉƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞĂďƵƐĞŽĨƉŽǁĞƌŽƌŽĨĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇŽƌŽĨŐŝǀŝŶŐŽƌƌĞĐĞŝǀŝŶŐŽĨƉĂǇŵĞŶƚƐŽƌďĞŶĞĮƚƐƚŽĂĐŚŝĞǀĞƚŚĞĐŽŶƐĞŶƚŽĨĂƉĞƌƐŽŶŚĂǀŝŶŐĐŽŶƚƌŽůŽǀĞƌĂŶŽƚŚĞƌƉĞƌƐŽŶĨŽƌƚŚĞƉƵƌƉŽƐĞŽĨĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶƐŚĂůůŝŶĐůƵĚĞĂƚĂŵŝŶŝŵƵŵƚŚĞĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƉƌŽƐƟƚƵƟŽŶŽĨŽƚŚĞƌƐŽƌŽƚŚĞƌĨŽƌŵƐŽĨƐĞǆƵĂůĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶĨŽƌĐĞĚůĂďŽƵƌŽƌƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐƐůĂǀĞƌǇŽƌƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐƐŝŵŝůĂƌƚŽƐůĂǀĞƌǇ ƐĞƌǀŝƚƵĚĞŽƌƚŚĞƌĞŵŽǀĂůĨŽƌŽƌŐĂŶƐ 19


dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞĂůƐŽŽƚŚĞƌĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶƐďĞůŽŶŐŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞďƌŽĂĚĞƌĐŽŶĐĞƉƚŽĨŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇ ƐƵĐŚĂƐĨŽƌĐĞĚƉƌŽƐƟƚƵƟŽŶĚŽŵĞƐƟĐƐĞƌǀŝƚƵĚĞĂŶĚĨŽƌĐĞĚŵĂƌƌŝĂŐĞ^ŽŵĞŽĨƚŚĞƐĞĐĂƐĞƐĂƌĞƌĞůĂƚĞĚƚŽƐŽŵĞŽĨƚŚĞƚĞƌŵƐĐůĂƌŝĮĞĚĂďŽǀĞĨŽƌŝŶƐƚĂŶĐĞĚŽŵĞƐƟĐƐĞƌǀŝƚƵĚĞŝƐĂŶĞǆĂŵƉůĞŽĨĨŽƌĐĞĚůĂďŽƵƌĂŶĚĨŽƌĐĞĚƉƌŽƐƟƚƵƟŽŶĐĂŶďĞĂƌĞƐƵůƚŽĨŚƵŵĂŶƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐŽǁĞǀĞƌ ĂƐƚŚŝƐƚŽŽůŬŝƚŝƐĚĞĚŝĐĂƚĞĚƚŽƚŚĞƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐŽĨƐůĂǀĞƌǇŽĐĐƵƌƌŝŶŐŝŶƐƵƉƉůǇĐŚĂŝŶƐǁĞǁŝůůŶŽƚĐŽǀĞƌƚŚĞƐĞĨŽƌŵƐŽĨĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶŝŶƚŚŝƐŝŶƐƚĂŶĐĞ

KĨĂůůƚŚĞĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶƐƚŚĞŽŶĞƚŚĂƚŚĂƐƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚƚŚĞŵŽƐƚĂƩĞŶƟŽŶŝŶƌĞĐĞŶƚǇĞĂƌƐŝƐŚƵŵĂŶƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐ ƵŵĂŶƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐĂƐĂĐŽŶĐĞƉƚŚĂƐďĞĞŶĂŶĚĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐƚŽďĞǀĞƌǇƉŽůŝƟĐĂůůǇĐŚĂƌŐĞĚKǀĞƌƚŚĞƉĂƐƚƚǁĞŶƚǇǇĞĂƌƐŝƚŚĂƐďĞĐŽŵĞĂƚŽƉŝĐƚŚĂƚŚĂƐƌĞĐĞŝǀĞĚĂŐƌĞĂƚĚĞĂůŽĨĂƩĞŶƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞŵĞĚŝĂĂŵŽŶŐƚŚĞŐĞŶĞƌĂůƉƵďůŝĐĂŶĚĂĐƌŽƐƐŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚƐtŚŝůĞŵƵĐŚŽĨƚŚŝƐĂƩĞŶƟŽŶĐĂŶďĞĂƩƌŝďƵƚĞĚƚŽĨŽƌĐĞĚƉƌŽƐƟƚƵƟŽŶǁŚŝĐŚŝƐĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚďǇŵŽƐƚƚŽďĞĂŵĂũŽƌĞƚŚŝĐĂůĂŶĚŵŽƌĂůŝƐƐƵĞŽǀĞƌƟŵĞƚŚĞƌĞůĞǀĂŶĐĞƚŽĨŽƌĐĞĚůĂďŽƵƌƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƐŚĂƐĂůƐŽĐŽŶƟŶƵĞĚƚŽŐƌŽǁKŶĞŽĨƚŚĞƌĞĂƐŽŶƐǁŚǇŚƵŵĂŶƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐĂƐĂĚĞĮŶŝŶŐĐŽŶĐĞƉƚŝƐďĞŝŶŐƌĞƉůĂĐĞĚǁŝƚŚŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇŝƐƚŚĂƚƚŚŝƐĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶƉůĂĐĞƐŵƵĐŚŽĨƚŚĞĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐŽŶŚŽǁĂƉĞƌƐŽŶŵŽǀĞƐĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŝƌĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇŝŶƚŽƚŚĞƐůĂǀĞͲůŝŬĞŽƵƚĐŽŵĞǁŝƚŚŽƵƚĨŽĐƵƐŝŶŐŽŶƚŚĞĞŶĚƉŽŝŶƚŝƚƐĞůĨ dŚŝƐĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐŽŶƚŚĞŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚŽĨĂƉĞƌƐŽŶŝƐĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚƚŽďĞůĞƐƐƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚDĂŶǇǁŽƵůĚĂƌŐƵĞƚŚĂƚƚŚĞŽƵƚĐŽŵĞŽĨƚŚŝƐƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŝƐŵŽƌĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚĞŶĐĞŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇŝƐĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚƚŚĞŵŽƌĞĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞƚĞƌŵdŽŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞƚŚŝƐƉŽŝŶƚŶŽƚĞƚŚĂƚƚǁŽŽĨƚŚĞƚŚƌĞĞĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐŽĨƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶĚĞĂůǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐďǇǁŚŝĐŚĂƉĞƌƐŽŶďĞĐŽŵĞƐƚƌĂĸĐŬĞĚʹƚŚĞĂĐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞŵĞĂŶƐďǇǁŚŝĐŚƚŚŝƐŚĂƉƉĞŶƐ

ƐĂĮŶĂůŶŽƚĞŝƚŝƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƚŽŶŽƚĞƚŚĂƚŶŽƚĂůůĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶŝƐĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚŚƵŵĂŶƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐŽƌƐůĂǀĞƌǇtŚŝůĞĂǁŽƌŬĞƌŵĂǇďĞŝŶĂƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶǁŚĞƌĞŚĞŝƐďĞŝŶŐĐŚĞĂƚĞĚŽƵƚŽĨŽǀĞƌƟŵĞƉĂǇ ƉĂŝĚůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶŝƐŽǁĞĚŽƌŵĂĚĞƚŽǁŽƌŬĞǆĐĞƐƐŝǀĞŚŽƵƌƐƚŚŝƐǁŽƵůĚŶŽƚĐŽŶƐƟƚƵƚĞĂŚƵŵĂŶƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐƐůĂǀĞƌǇĐĂƐĞĂƐůŽŶŐĂƐŚĞŝƐĨƌĞĞƚŽůĞĂǀĞƚŚŝƐƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶdŽĐůĂƌŝĨǇƚŚĞĂďŽǀĞǁĞĐĂŶŝĚĞŶƟĨǇƚǁŽďĂƐŝĐĐŚĂƌĂĐƚĞƌŝƐƟĐƐŽĨŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇ

ϭ ĞĐĞƉƟŽŶŝŶƉĂǇŵĞŶƚĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚƐƐƵĐŚĂƐǁŝƚŚŚŽůĚŝŶŐŽĨǁĂŐĞƐŽƌĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞůĂĐŬŽĨƉĂǇŵĞŶƚͿĂŶĚƵƐĞŽĨĚĞďƚŽĨŽƚŚĞƌĨŽƌŵƐŽĨďŽŶĚĂŐĞĂƌĞŝŶƉůĂĐĞĂŶĚ

Ϯ ZĞƐƚƌŝĐƟŽŶŽĨŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚŽďƚĂŝŶĞĚďǇƌĞƚĞŶƟŽŶŽĨĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐǀŝŽůĞŶĐĞĂŶĚƚŚƌĞĂƚƐŚŽůĚƐĂƉĞƌƐŽŶŝŶƉůĂĐĞ

ŶĞƐƐĞŶĐĞƚŚĞƉĞƌƐŽŶůŽƐĞƐĐŽŶƚƌŽůŽĨŚŝƐŚĞƌůŝĨĞĂŶĚŝƐĞŶƐůĂǀĞĚ

ampŝŐƵƌĞϳdŚĞĞĮŶŝŶŐůĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨƵŵĂŶdƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞWĂůĞƌŵŽWƌŽƚŽĐŽů

Figure 8 Modern Slavery Markers

SLAVERYMARKERS

Withholding Wages

ĞďƚĂŶĚKƚŚĞƌampŽƌŵƐŽĨBondage

ZĞƚĞŶƟŽŶŽĨĚĞŶƟƚǇ

ŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ

Restricted DŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ

Physical and^ĞǆƵĂůsŝŽůĞŶĐĞ

dŚƌĞĂƚƐƚŽ^ĞůĨŽƌampĂŵŝůǇ

ŝddKamp

ZĞĐƌƵŝƚŵĞŶƚ dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ dƌĂŶƐĨĞƌ Harboring Receipt

ŝŝzDE^Kamp

dŚƌĞĂƚ hƐĞŽĨĨŽƌĐĞ Coercion ďĚƵĐƟŽŶ ĞĐĞƉƟŽŶ ĞďƚďŽŶĚĂŐĞ

ŝŝŝampKZdWhZWK^Kamp

EXPLOITATION

ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶŝƐďƌŽƵŐŚƚĂďŽƵƚďǇƚŚĞŝŶǀŽůǀĞŵĞŶƚŽĨĂƚŚŝƌĚƉĂƌƚǇ

ampŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶƵŶĚĞƌĂŐĞϭϴŝƚŝƐŶŽƚŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌǇƚŽĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞƚŚƌĞĂƚƵƐĞŽĨĨŽƌĐĞĐŽĞƌĐŝŽŶŽƌŽƚŚĞƌŵĞĂŶƐƚŽŝĚĞŶƟĨǇĂƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐĐĂƐĞŝƚŝƐƐƵĸĐŝĞŶƚƚŽĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞ

(1)ƚŚĞĂĐƚŽĨŵŽǀŝŶŐĂĐŚŝůĚ(2)ĨŽƌƚŚĞƉƵƌƉŽƐĞŽĨĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶ The Mekong Club | Modern Slavery An Introduction 2721

ĞůŽǁŝƐĂĐŽŵƉĂƌŝƐŽŶŽĨƚŚƌĞĞŽĨƚŚĞŵĂũŽƌŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶƐŚƵŵĂŶƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐĨŽƌĐĞĚůĂďŽƵƌĂŶĚďŽŶĚĞĚůĂďŽƵƌ

hDEdZampampltE ampKZgtKhZ KEgtKhZEKEdZd^gtsZz

ŶĂĐƚϭͿĐĂƌƌŝĞĚŽƵƚďǇĂƚŚŝƌĚƉĂƌƚǇƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚŵĞĂŶƐϮͿĨŽƌƚŚĞƉƵƌƉŽƐĞŽĨĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶϯͿ

ampŽƌĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶƵŶĚĞƌĂŐĞϭϴŝƚŝƐƐƵĸĐŝĞŶƚƚŽĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞƚŚĞĂĐƚŽĨŵŽǀŝŶŐĂĐŚŝůĚĨŽƌƚŚĞƉƵƌƉŽƐĞŽĨĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶ

ůůǁŽƌŬŽƌƐĞƌǀŝĐĞǁŚŝĐŚŝƐĞǆƚƌĂĐƚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂŶǇƉĞƌƐŽŶƵŶĚĞƌƚŚĞŵĞŶĂĐĞŽĨĂŶǇƉĞŶĂůƚǇĂŶĚĨŽƌǁŚŝĐŚƚŚĞƉĞƌƐŽŶŚĂƐŶŽƚŽīĞƌĞĚƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐǀŽůƵŶƚĂƌŝůǇ

ŽŶĚĞĚůĂďŽƵƌďĞŐŝŶƐǁŚĞŶĂǁŽƌŬĞƌďŽƌƌŽǁƐŵŽŶĞǇĨƌŽŵĂŶĞŵƉůŽǇĞƌĂŶĚĐŽŵŵŝƚƐƚŚĞŵƐĞůǀĞƐƚŽǁŽƌŬĨŽƌƚŚĞĞŵƉůŽǇĞƌŝŶƌĞƚƵƌŶ

Contract slavery involves deceiving or illegal contracts ƐŝŐŶĞĚďǇǀŝĐƟŵƐǁŚŽĐĂŶŶŽƚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĞŵĂŶĚƵƐĞĚƚŽũƵƐƟĨǇĨŽƌĐĞĚůĂďŽƵƌ

ϭ Act of ZĞĐƌƵŝƚŵĞŶƚ dƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶ dƌĂŶƐĨĞƌ Harbouring Receipt

Threat of penalty WŚǇƐŝĐĂůĂŶĚŽƌƐĞǆƵĂůǀŝŽůĞŶĐĞ ŵƉƌŝƐŽŶŵĞŶƚŽƌƉŚǇƐŝĐĂůĐŽŶĮŶĞŵĞŶƚ tŝƚŚŚŽůĚŝŶŐŽĨǁĂŐĞƐƵŶƌĞĂƐŽŶĂďůĞĨĞĞƐŽƌ

ĮŶĂŶĐŝĂůƉĞŶĂůƟĞƐ tŝƚŚŚŽůĚŝŶŐŽĨŝĚĞŶƟƚǇĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ hŶĨĂŝƌĚŝƐŵŝƐƐĂůŽƌĞǆĐůƵƐŝŽŶĨƌŽŵĨƵƚƵƌĞ

ĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚ ĞƉƌŝǀĂƟŽŶŽĨĨŽŽĚŽƌƐŚĞůƚĞƌ ǆĐůƵƐŝŽŶĨƌŽŵĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ ƐŽĐŝĂůůŝĨĞŽƌ

ĚĞŶƵŶĐŝĂƟŽŶƚŽĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇĨĂŵŝůǇ ŶƟŵŝĚĂƟŽŶĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌƚŚƌĞĂƚƐ

gtĂĐŬŽĨsĂůŝĚŽŶƐĞŶƚ tŽƌŬĞƌĚĞĐĞŝǀĞĚĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞǁĂŐĞƐƚŚĞǇǁŽƵůĚ

ƌĞĐĞŝǀĞ tŽƌŬĞƌĐĂŶŶŽƚůĞĂǀĞĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚĂƐƚŚĞǇŵƵƐƚ

ƌĞŵĂŝŶĨŽƌĂŶƵŶĚĞĮŶĞĚƉĞƌŝŽĚƚŽƌĞƉĂǇĚĞďƚƐƚŽĞŵƉůŽǇĞƌ

tŽƌŬĞƌŵĂĚĞƚŽǁŽƌŬďǇĨĂŵŝůǇ ĞĐĞƉƟŽŶŽƌĨƌĂƵĚĚƵƌŝŶŐƌĞĐƌƵŝƚŵĞŶƚƐƚĂŐĞƐ

ŽŵŵŽŶĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐŽĨŽŶĚĞĚgtĂďŽƵƌ dŚĞĞŵƉůŽǇĞƌŵĂŶŝƉƵůĂƚĞƐŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚƌĂƚĞƐŽƌ

ĐŚĂƌŐĞƐĞǆĐĞƐƐŝǀĞƌĂƚĞƐ dŚĞĞŵƉůŽǇĞƌŝŵƉŽƐĞƐŚŝŐŚĐŚĂƌŐĞƐĨŽƌĨŽŽĚ

ĂĐĐŽŵŵŽĚĂƟŽŶƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƟŽŶŽƌƚŽŽůƐ dŚĞĞŵƉůŽǇĞƌĐŚĂƌŐĞƐǁŽƌŬĞƌƐĨŽƌƐŚŽƌƞĂůůƐŝŶ

ďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐŽƵƚƉƵƚŽƌĚĂǇƐŵŝƐƐĞĚĚƵĞƚŽǁŽƌŬĞƌƐŝĐŬŶĞƐƐ

ŽŵŵŽŶĨĞĂƚƵƌĞƐŽĨŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ^ůĂǀĞƌǇ ŽŶƚƌĂĐƚƐĂƌĞŝŶĂůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞƚŚĞǀŝĐƟŵĚŽĞƐŶŽƚ

ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚ ŽŶƚƌĂĐƚƐĂƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚƚŽǀŝĐƟŵƐǁŚŽĐĂŶŶŽƚƌĞĂĚ sŝĐƟŵŝƐƚŽůĚĮŶĞƐĂŶĚƉĞŶĂůƟĞƐǁŝůůĨŽůůŽǁŝĨŚĞ

ďƌĞĂŬƐƚŚĞĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚ

Ϯ By means of dŚƌĞĂƚ Force or coercion ďĚƵĐƟŽŶ Fraud ĞĐĞƉƟŽŶ ďƵƐĞŽĨƉŽǁĞƌ ďƵƐĞŽĨǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇ

ϯ For the purpose of ǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶ ^ůĂǀĞƌǇŽƌƐŝŵŝůĂƌƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐ Servitude WƌŽƐƟƚƵƟŽŶ ZĞŵŽǀĂůŽĨŽƌŐĂŶƐ Forced labour and service

hDEdZampampltEĞŵƉŚĂƐŝǌĞƐƚŚĞŵŽǀĞŵĞŶƚŽĨǀŝĐƟŵƐ

ampKZgtKhZ ŝƐŽŌĞŶĂĐŽŶƐĞƋƵĞŶĐĞŽĨŚƵŵĂŶƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐĂŶĚĞŵƉŚĂƐŝǌĞƐƚŚĞĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟǀĞĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƚŚĞǀŝĐƟŵƐƵīĞƌƐ

BONDED LABOURKEdZd^gtsZzĂƌĞƚǁŽĨŽƌŵƐŽĨĨŽƌĐĞĚůĂďŽƵƌ


COMMON HUMAN TRAFFICKING MYTHSKǀĞƌƚŚĞǇĞĂƌƐŚƵŵĂŶƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐŚĂƐďĞĐŽŵĞŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐůǇĐŽŵƉůĞǆĂŶĚƐŽŵĞƟŵĞƐĐŽŶĨƵƐŝŶŐĞǀĞŶĨŽƌƚŚŽƐĞǁŚŽǁŽƌŬƚŽĂĚĚƌĞƐƐƚŚĞƉƌŽďůĞŵdŚĞƌĞĂƌĞƐĞǀĞƌĂůŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚŵǇƚŚƐƚŚĂƚŚĂǀĞŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞĚŽƵƌĐŽůůĞĐƟǀĞĂŶƟͲƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐŝŶ^ŽƵƚŚĞĂƐƚƐŝĂ^ŽŵĞŽĨƚŚĞďƵƐƚĞĚŵǇƚŚƐĂƌĞůŝƐƚĞĚďĞůŽǁ

Dzd Zgtdz

dƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐŝƐƉƌŝŵĂƌŝůǇcaused by poverty and a ůĂĐŬŽĨĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ

ĞŝŶŐĂƚƌŝƐŬŽĨŚƵŵĂŶƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐƐůĂǀĞƌǇŝƐŽŌĞŶŶŽƚĂƐƐŝŵƉůĞĂƐƉŽǀĞƌƚǇŽƌůĂĐŬŽĨĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶŝŶƚĞƌŵƐŽĨǁŚĂƚŵŽƟǀĂƚĞƐƉĞŽƉůĞƚŽŵŝŐƌĂƚĞŽƌůŽŽŬĨŽƌŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐƚŽŝŵƉƌŽǀĞƚŚĞŝƌůŝǀĞƐdŚĞĐŽŵŵŽŶĂƐƐƵŵƉƟŽŶƐŽŌĞŶĚŽŶŽƚĨƵůůǇĂƉƉůǇŝŶƚŚŝƐƌĞŐŝŽŶŽƌƉĞƌŚĂƉƐŽƚŚĞƌƐdŚĞƌĞĂůƌŝƐŬĨĂĐƚŽƌƐʹŝŶĂďŝůŝƚǇƚŽĂĐĐĞƐƐŽƌĂīŽƌĚĨŽƌŵĂůŵŝŐƌĂƟŽŶŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵƐĂĚĞƐŝƌĞƚŽƵƟůŝǌĞĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƐŬŝůůƐďƵƚŶŽůŽĐĂůŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐƚŽĚŽƐŽůĂĐŬŽĨĐŝƟǌĞŶƐŚŝƉŽƌŝŶĂďŝůŝƚǇƚŽĂĐĐĞƐƐĞŵĞƌŐĞŶĐǇŵĞĚŝĐĂůůŽĂŶƐŽƌƋƵŝĐŬŵŽŶĞǇǁŚĞŶĨĂŵŝůǇŵĞŵďĞƌƐĨĂůůŝůůʹŶĞĞĚƚŽďĞĞǆĂŵŝŶĞĚĂŶĚƉƌŽǀĞŶďĞĨŽƌĞĂŶǇŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶŝƐĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚ

Large organized criminal networks drive the human ƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐƉƌŽďůĞŵŝŶSoutheast Asia

dŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚŵƵĐŚŽĨ^ŽƵƚŚĞĂƐƚƐŝĂŚƵŵĂŶƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐĐƌŝŵŝŶĂůŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐĂƌĞůŽŽƐĞůǇŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĞĚǁŝƚŚŽŌĞŶĚŝĸĐƵůƚͲƚŽͲƚƌĂĐĞůŝŶŬĂŐĞƐtŚŝůĞůĂƌŐĞƌͲƐĐĂůĞŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĞĚƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐƌŝŶŐƐĐĞƌƚĂŝŶůǇĞǆŝƐƚŝŶƚŚĞDĞŬŽŶŐƚŚĞǀĂƐƚŵĂũŽƌŝƚǇŽĨŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐƚŚĂƚĚŽĞǆŝƐƚĂƌĞŵŽƌĞƚǇƉŝĐĂůůǇƐŵĂůůͲƐĐĂůĞůŽŽƐĞůǇĐŽŶŶĞĐƚĞĚĂŶĚŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƐƟĐ

If we could catch all of the ƚƌĂĸĐŬĞƌƐĂŶĚƉƵƚƚŚĞŵin jail the problem would go away

ampŽĐƵƐŝŶŐŵŽƐƚůǇŽŶƚŚŽƐĞǁŚŽƚƌŝĐŬĚĞĐĞŝǀĞĂŶĚƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂƉĞƌƐŽŶŝŶƚŽĂŶĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟǀĞƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶǁŝůůŽŶůǇƐŽůǀĞĂƉŽƌƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƉƌŽďůĞŵdŽĂĚĚƌĞƐƐƚŚĞƌĞĂůĚĞŵĂŶĚƌĞůĂƚĞĚƚŽŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇ ƚŚĞƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞŚĂƐƚŽŝŶĐůƵĚĞŵŽƌĞŽĨĂŶĞŵƉŚĂƐŝƐŽŶĂĐƚƵĂůĞǆƉůŽŝƚĞƌƐĂŶĚĞŶƐůĂǀĞƌƐʹƚŚŽƐĞǁŚŽŽǁŶĂŶĚƌƵŶƚŚĞĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŵĞŶƚƐƚŚĂƚĞŶƐůĂǀĞƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐǀŝĐƟŵƐĂŶĚǁŚŽŵĂŬĞƚŚĞŵŽƐƚƉƌŽĮƚƐĨƌŽŵƐůĂǀĞůĂďŽƵƌ

The Mekong Club | Modern Slavery An Introduction Resource Guide 2923

MODERN SLAVERY THE CRIMINAL CHAIN

RECRUITERS AND TRANSPORTERS ŶƐŽŵĞĐĂƐĞƐƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůŵŝŐƌĂŶƚƐĂƌĞƚĂƌŐĞƚĞĚďǇƵŶƐĐƌƵƉƵůŽƵƐƉĞŽƉůĞĨƌŽŵǁŝƚŚŝŶĂĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇŽƌĨƌŽŵĂůŽŶŐƚŚĞŵŝŐƌĂƟŽŶƌŽƵƚĞdŚĞƐĞƉĞŽƉůĞǁŚŽĂƌĞŬŶŽǁŶĂƐƌĞĐƌƵŝƚĞƌƐŝŶŇƵĞŶĐĞĂŵŝŐƌĂŶƚ ƐĐŚŽŝĐĞƐĨƚŚĞƌĞĐƌƵŝƚĞƌĚŽĞƐƚŚŝƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŝŶƚĞŶƚƚŽĞǆƉůŽŝƚƚŚĞŶƚŚŝƐƉĞƌƐŽŶŝƐƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐĐŚĂŝŶdŚĞƌĞĐƌƵŝƚĞƌĐŽŶƚƌŽůƐƚŚĞŵŝŐƌĂŶƚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĨƌĂƵĚĚĞĐĞƉƟŽŶĂŶĚƚŚĞĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŵĞŶƚŽĨƐŽŵĞĨŽƌŵŽĨĚĞďƚƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĞƌ ƐƌŽůĞŝŶƚŚĞĐƌŝŵŝŶĂůĐŚĂŝŶŝƐƚŽĂƐƐŝƐƚŝŶƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƟŶŐĂŶĚŵŽǀŝŶŐŵŝŐƌĂŶƚƐƚŽĂŶĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟǀĞƐŝƚĞdŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĞƌ ƐŝŶǀŽůǀĞŵĞŶƚĐĂŶďĞŐŝŶĂƚĂŶǇƉŽŝŶƚĂůŽŶŐƚŚĞŵŝŐƌĂƟŽŶƉĂƚŚŝŶƐŝĚĞƚŚĞǀŝůůĂŐĞĂƚƚŚĞďŽƌĚĞƌ ŽƌǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶƚĂŬĞƐƉůĂĐĞĨƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĞƌĂĐƚƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŝŶƚĞŶƚƚŽĞǆƉůŽŝƚƚŚĞŶƚŚŝƐƉĞƌƐŽŶŝƐƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐĐŚĂŝŶ

^ŽŵĞƌĞĐƌƵŝƚĞƌƐĐĂŶĂůƐŽĂĐƚĂƐƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĞƌƐdŚĞĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞďĞƚǁĞĞŶĂƐŵƵŐŐůĞƌĂŶĚĂƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĞƌŝƐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƐŵƵŐŐůĞƌƐŝŵƉůǇŽīĞƌƐĂƐĞƌǀŝĐĞʹƚŽŵŽǀĞĂƉĞƌƐŽŶĨƌŽŵŽŶĞƉůĂĐĞƚŽĂŶŽƚŚĞƌ dŚĞŝŶƚĞŶƚƚŽĞǆƉůŽŝƚŝƐŶŽƚĂŵŽƟǀĂƟŶŐĨĂĐƚŽƌ dŚĞĐƌŝŵĞƐƚŚĂƚƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĞƌƐĐŽŵŵŝƚŽŌĞŶŝŶĐůƵĚĞĨƌĂƵĚĚĞĐĞƉƟŽŶŬŝĚŶĂƉƉŝŶŐŽƌŝůůĞŐĂůďŽƌĚĞƌĐƌŽƐƐŝŶŐƚŝƐŽŌĞŶƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĞƌǁŚŽƐĞůůƐƚŚĞǀŝĐƟŵƚŽƚŚĞĞǆƉůŽŝƚĞƌ dŚŝƐŝŶŝƚƐĞůĨ ŝƐĂĐƌŝŵĞ

dŚĞĚŝĸĐƵůƚǇǁŝƚŚďŽƚŚƌĞĐƌƵŝƚĞƌƐĂŶĚƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĞƌƐŝƐƚŚĂƚŝƚŝƐŶŽƚĂůǁĂǇƐƉŽƐƐŝďůĞƚŽŬŶŽǁƚŚĂƚƚŚĞǇĂƌĞŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚŝŶĂƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐĞǀĞŶƚƵŶƟůĂŌĞƌƚŚĞǀŝĐƟŵŚĂƐďĞĞŶŵŽǀĞĚƚŽƚŚĞĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟǀĞƐŝƚĞŶƚĞŶƚŝƐŶĞĂƌůǇŝŵƉŽƐƐŝďůĞƚŽƉƌŽǀĞƵŶƟůĂŌĞƌƚŚĞĨĂĐƚŽƚŚƌĞĐƌƵŝƚĞƌƐĂŶĚƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĞƌƐĂƌĞĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚŵŝŶŽƌƉůĂǇĞƌƐŝŶƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐĐŚĂŝŶdƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐŽƵƚĐŽŵĞƐŽŌĞŶŝŶĐůƵĚĞĨŽƌĐĞĚƉƌŽƐƟƚƵƟŽŶĨŽƌĐĞĚůĂďŽƵƌŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐĚŽŵĞƐƟĐǁŽƌŬĂŶĚƚŚĞůŝŬĞƚŝƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚƚŽŶŽƚĞƚŚĂƚǁŚŝůĞŵĂŶǇƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐĐĂƐĞƐŚĂƉƉĞŶĐƌŽƐƐďŽƌĚĞƌ ƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞĂůƐŽƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐĐĂƐĞƐƚŚĂƚƚĂŬĞƉůĂĐĞǁŝƚŚŝŶĂĐŽƵŶƚƌǇ ŬŶŽǁŶĂƐŝŶƚĞƌŶĂůƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐ

dŚĞƌĞĂƌĞƚǁŽĐƌŝŵŝŶĂůĐĂƚĞŐŽƌŝĞƐĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇϭͿƌĞĐƌƵŝƚĞƌƐĂŶĚƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĞƌƐĂŶĚϮͿĞǆƉůŽŝƚĞƌƐĂŶĚĞŶĨŽƌĐĞƌƐůůŽĨƚŚĞƐĞĐƌŝŵŝŶĂůƐƉůĂǇĂƌŽůĞŝŶƚŚĞƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĂƌĞĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĞĚƚƌĂĸĐŬĞƌƐƉĂƌƟĐŝƉĂƚĞŝŶĐƌŝŵŝŶĂůĂĐƟǀŝƚǇĂŶĚƐŚŽƵůĚďĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚǁŚĞŶĐĂƌƌǇŝŶŐŽƵƚĐƌŝŵŝŶĂůŝŶǀĞƐƟŐĂƟŽŶƐ



RECRUITERS AND TRANSPORTERSIn some cases migrants are targeted by unscrupulous people from within acommunity or from along the route These people who are known as recruitersin a migrantrsquos choices If the recruiter does this with the intent to exploit then thisperson is part of the chain The recruiter controls the migrant through frauddecep and the establishment of some form of debt A transporterrsquos role in the criminalchain is to assist in and moving migrants to an site The transporterrsquosinvolvement can begin at any point along the path inside the village at the borderor within the community where the takes place If the transporter acts with theintent to exploit then this person is part of the chain

Some recruiters can also act as transporters The between a smuggler and atransporter is that the smuggler simply a service ndash to move a person from one place toanother The intent to exploit is not a factor The crimes that transporters commit

en include fraud kidnapping or illegal border crossing It is the transporterwho sells the to the exploiter This in itself is a crime

The with both recruiters and transporters is that it is not always possible to knowthat they are involved in a event the has been moved to thee site Intent is nearly impossible to prove the fact Both recruiters andtransporters are considered minor players in the human chain outcomes

en include forced forced labour including work and the like Itis important to note that while many cases happen cross border there are also

ant cases that take place within a country known as internal

There are two criminal categories associated with modern slavery 1) recruiters andtransporters and 2) exploiters and enforcers All of these criminals play a role in thetr process are considered in criminal and should beincluded when carrying out criminal

24

ZDEgt^ ampKZLABOUR

ampKZPROSTITUTION

DZZdZampampltEKD^d^Zsdh

ZZhdZ ƌŽŬĞƌŐĞŶƚĨŽƌŵĂůŝŶĨŽƌŵĂůͿ ampĂŵŝůǇEĞŝŐŚďŽƵƌ

ŐĞŶĐǇŐĞŶƚƌŽŬĞƌĨŽƌŵĂůŝŶĨŽƌŵĂůͿ

TRANSPORTER ƐĐŽƌƚǁŝƚŚŝŶƚĞŶƚƚŽĞǆƉůŽŝƚ ƐĐŽƌƚǁŝƚŚŝŶƚĞŶƚƚŽĞǆƉůŽŝƚ

Public transport

EXPLOITER ampŽƌĞŵĂŶ Manager ƵƐŝŶĞƐƐŽǁŶĞƌ

WŝŵƉ DĂĚĂŵ ƵƐŝŶĞƐƐŽǁŶĞƌ

ŽƵƐĞŚŽůĚŵĞŵďĞƌƐ

EampKZZ ŶͲŚŽƵƐĞƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ampŽƌĞŵĂŶŵĂŶĂŐĞƌ


EXPLOITERS AND ENFORCERSdŚĞƌĞĂƌĞďĂƐŝĐĂůůǇƚǁŽĐĂƚĞŐŽƌŝĞƐŽĨĐƌŝŵŝŶĂůƐŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚŝŶƚŚĞůŽĐĂƟŽŶǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞǀŝĐƟŵŝƐŚĞůĚŝŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇdŚĞǇďƌĞĂŬŝŶ ĞŶĨŽƌĐĞĂŶĚŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶĂƉĞƌƐŽŶŝŶƚŚĞƐůĂǀĞͲůŝŬĞƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶǆƉůŽŝƚĞƌƐĂƌĞƚŚĞŵĂŶĂŐĞƌƐĂŶĚŽǁŶĞƌƐŽĨĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟǀĞƐŝƚĞƐdŚĞǇĂƌĞƚŚĞŽŶĞƐǁŚŽƉƵƚŝŶƉůĂĐĞĂƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶǁŚĞƌĞƐůĂǀĞƌǇŇŽƵƌŝƐŚĞƐdŚĞǇĂƌĞĂůƐŽƚŚĞŽŶĞƐǁŚŽďƵǇĂŶĚĐŽŶƚƌŽůƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐǀŝĐƟŵƐtŚŝůĞƚŚĞǇŵŝŐŚƚŶŽƚďĞƚŚĞŽŶĞƐƚŚĂƚĂĐƚƵĂůůǇĂďƵƐĞǀŝĐƟŵƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŝƌŽǁŶŚĂŶĚƐƚŚĞǇŵĂŶĂŐĞƚŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŶĨŽƌĐĞƌƐĂƌĞƚŚĞŽŶĞƐƚŚĂƚďƌĞĂŬŝŶĂŶĚŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐǀŝĐƟŵƐdŚĞŝƌĐƌŝŵĞƐŽŌĞŶŝŶĐůƵĚĞƌĂƉĞƚŽƌƚƵƌĞĂƐƐĂƵůƚƚŚƌĞĂƚƐĐŽĞƌĐŝŽŶĨŽƌĐĞĂŶĚĚĞďƚďŽŶĚĂŐĞĞƐƉŝƚĞƚŚĞŝƌďƌƵƚĂůŝƚǇƚŚĞĐƌŝŵŝŶĂůƐǁŚŽĐĂƌƌǇŽƵƚƚŚĞƐĞŚĞŝŶŽƵƐĂĐƚƐĂƌĞƐĞůĚŽŵƐŽƵŐŚƚĂŌĞƌŝŶŵŽƐƚƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐĐĂƐĞƐ

dŚĞƚĂďůĞďĞůŽǁƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐĂƐƵŵŵĂƌǇŽĨƚŚĞĐƌŝŵŝŶĂůƐŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚŝŶĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇƐĐĞŶĂƌŝŽƐ


ŵŽƌĞĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƵƌĐĂƚĞŐŽƌŝĞƐŽĨŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐŝƐƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĞĚďĞůŽǁ

ϭ dŽĚĂƚĞƉƌĞǀĞŶƟŽŶĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐŚĂǀĞůĂƌŐĞůǇďĞĞŶĐŽŶĐĞŶƚƌĂƚĞĚŽŶƚŚĞƐƵƉƉůǇͲƐŝĚĞĨŽĐƵƐŝŶŐŽŶĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚĞǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƟĞƐŽĨƚĂƌŐĞƚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐƐƵĐŚĂƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐͲƌĂŝƐŝŶŐĐĂŵƉĂŝŐŶƐǀŽĐĂƟŽŶĂůƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐŵŝĐƌŽĐƌĞĚŝƚŽƌƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐƚŽŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĨŽƌǀƵůŶĞƌĂďůĞĐŚŝůĚƌĞŶdŚĞƐĞƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐĂƌĞŶŽǁĞǀŽůǀŝŶŐƚŽĂĐŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞƚŚĞƌĞĂůŝƚǇŽĨŵŝŐƌĂƟŽŶƉĞŽƉůĞǁŝůůĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƚŽŵŝŐƌĂƚĞŽŌĞŶǁŝƚŚŵƵƚƵĂůďĞŶĞĮƚƐĨŽƌƐĞŶĚŝŶŐĂŶĚƌĞĐĞŝǀŝŶŐĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĞƐĂŶĚĨŽƌƚŚĞŵŝŐƌĂŶƚǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐͲƌĂŝƐŝŶŐĐĂŵƉĂŝŐŶƐĨŽƌĞǆĂŵƉůĞĂƌĞƚŚƵƐŵŽǀŝŶŐĨƌŽŵĂŝŵŝŶŐƚŽƌĞĚƵĐĞŵŝŐƌĂƟŽŶƚŽĂĨŽĐƵƐŽŶƌĞĚƵĐŝŶŐƌŝƐŬǇŽƌďůŝŶĚŵŝŐƌĂƟŽŶ

Ϯ WƌŽƐĞĐƵƟŽŶͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐŚĂǀĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĨƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĂŶƟͲƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐůĂǁƐĂŶĚƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐŽĨƉŽůŝĐĞŽĸĐĞƌƐƚŽĞīĞĐƟǀĞůǇƌĞƐƉŽŶĚƚŽƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐdŚĞĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŵĞŶƚŽĨƐƉĞĐŝĂůŝƐƚĂŶƟͲƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐƵŶŝƚƐĂŶĚƚĂƐŬĨŽƌĐĞƐŝŶŵĂŶǇĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŚĂƐďĞĞŶĂŚŝŐŚůǇƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚƌĞĐĞŶƚĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŝŶƚŚŝƐƌĞŐĂƌĚƐƚŚĞƐĞƵŶŝƚƐĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌŵĞĂƐƵƌĞƐďĞŐŝŶƚŽĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞƐƵĐĐĞƐƐŝŶƚŚĞĂƉƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐƐƵƐƉĞĐƚƐŝƐƐƵĞƐĂƌĞƐƚĂƌƟŶŐƚŽĂƌŝƐĞǁŝƚŚƌĞŐĂƌĚƚŽũƵĚŝĐŝĂůƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐĐůĞĂƌůǇ ŵŽƌĞĂƩĞŶƟŽŶŶŽǁŶĞĞĚƐƚŽďĞƉĂŝĚƚŽƚŚŝƐĂƌĞĂ


TRADITIONAL COUNTER TRAFFICKING RESPONSES AND RESPONDERSINTERVENTION CATEGORIES

ŝīĞƌĞŶƚŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐĂƌĞƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚƚŽĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐĚĞƉĞŶĚŝŶŐƵƉŽŶǁŚĞƌĞĂƉĞƌƐŽŶŝƐŝŶƚŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐampŽƌĞǆĂŵƉůĞƉƌĞǀĞŶƟŽŶĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĂƌĞƵƐĞĚďĞĨŽƌĞĂƉĞƌƐŽŶŝƐǀŝĐƟŵŝǌĞĚƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚƚŚŝƐĨƌŽŵŚĂƉƉĞŶŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƉůĂĐĞWƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐĂƌĞƵƐĞĚĂŌĞƌĂǀŝĐƟŵŝƐŽƵƚŽĨƚŚĞĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟǀĞƐŝƚĞdŚĞƚĂďůĞďĞůŽǁƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐĂƐƵŵŵĂƌǇŽĨƚŚĞĨŽƵƌŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶĐĂƚĞŐŽƌŝĞƐŽŌĞŶƵƐĞĚƚŽĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŚƵŵĂŶƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐƐůĂǀĞƌǇ20

ĞĨŽƌĞĂƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐĞǀĞŶƚPREVENTION

ƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĞƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐƉƌŽĐĞƐƐWZK^hdKE

ŌĞƌƚŚĞƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐƉƌŽĐĞƐƐWZKddKE

ampŽĐƵƐĞƐŽŶƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůǀŝĐƟŵƐŝŶĂĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇƐĞƫŶŐ

WĞƌƐŽŶƐŽůĚĂŶĚŽƌŚĞůĚŝŶƐůĂǀĞͲůŝŬĞǁŽƌŬƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƚŚƌŽƵŐŚĚĞďƚƚŚƌĞĂƚƐŝŶƟŵŝĚĂƟŽŶ

sŝĐƟŵŽƵƚŽĨƐůĂǀĞͲůŝŬĞĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞ

ĚĚƌĞƐƐĞƐǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƚǇĨĂĐƚŽƌƐƚŚĂƚŵĂǇĞǆŝƐƚƉŽǀĞƌƚǇ ŶŽƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐŽĨƐĂĨĞŵŝŐƌĂƟŽŶƚƌĂĸĐŬĞƌƐŝŶƚŚĞĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ

ŵƉŚĂƐŝǌĞƐĂůĞŐĂůƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞƵƐĞŽĨĐƌŝŵŝŶĂůĂŶĚĐŝǀŝůůĂǁƐdŚŝƐŵŝŐŚƚĂůƐŽŝŶĐůƵĚĞƚŚĞƵƐĞŽĨůĂďŽƵƌůĂǁƐĂŶĚĐŽĚĞƐŽĨĐŽŶĚƵĐƚ

ŵƉŚĂƐŝƐŽŶƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐǀŝĐƟŵƐǁŝƚŚŝŵŵĞĚŝĂƚĞĨŽŽĚƐŚĞůƚĞƌ ŵĞĚŝĐĂůĂƩĞŶƟŽŶƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶĂŶĚŽƌĐŽƵŶƐĞůůŝŶŐ

ƩĞŵƉƚƐƚŽĞŶĐŽƵƌĂŐĞƚŚŽƐĞƐĞĞŬŝŶŐǁŽƌŬƚŽŵĂŬĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĞĚĐŚŽŝĐĞƐ

dŚŝƐŽŌĞŶŝŶǀŽůǀĞƐŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚůĂǁĞŶĨŽƌĐĞŵĞŶƚĂŶĚůĂďŽƵƌŽĸĐŝĂůƐǁŽƌŬŝŶŐǁŝƚŚEKƐ

sŝĐƟŵŵĂǇƌĞƋƵŝƌĞůŽŶŐĞƌͲƚĞƌŵũŽďƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐũŽďƉůĂĐĞŵĞŶƚŵĞĚŝĐĂůƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ

WKgtz

WŽůŝĐǇŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐĐƵƚĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞƚŚƌĞĞĐĂƚĞŐŽƌŝĞƐůŝƐƚĞĚĂďŽǀĞƚŽŽīĞƌĂŶĞŶĂďůŝŶŐĞŶǀŝƌŽŶŵĞŶƚĨŽƌƚŚĞŵƚŽďĞŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĞĚ

26

ϯ ProtectionŽĨƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐǀŝĐƟŵƐŚĂƐďĞĞŶĂĐĐŽŵƉůŝƐŚĞĚƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƉƌŽǀŝĚŝŶŐĂǁŝĚĞƌĂŶŐĞŽĨƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐƐŚĞůƚĞƌ ŵĞĚŝĐĂůĂŶĚƉƐǇĐŚŽͲƐŽĐŝĂůƐƵƉƉŽƌƚůĞŐĂůĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞĂŶĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĨŽƌƐĂĨĞƌĞƚƵƌŶĂŶĚƌĞŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶŝůĂƚĞƌĂůĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞƌĞƚƵƌŶŽĨǀŝĐƟŵƐƚƌĂĸĐŬĞĚĂĐƌŽƐƐďŽƌĚĞƌƐŚĂƐŐĞŶĞƌĂůůǇďĞĞŶƐƚƌŽŶŐĂŶĚƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƋƵĂůŝƚǇĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐƚŽŝŵƉƌŽǀĞ

ϰ WŽůŝĐǇĂŶĚŽŽƉĞƌĂƚŝŽŶŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƚŚĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĂŶĚŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽĨŶĂƟŽŶĂůƉůĂŶƐĂŶĚƉŽůŝĐŝĞƐƚŚĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĨŶĂƟŽŶĂůŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵƐƐƵĐŚĂƐŵƵůƟͲƐĞĐƚŽƌĂůĐŽŵŵŝƩĞĞƐĂŶĚǁŽƌŬŝŶŐŐƌŽƵƉƐƚŽƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚĞŶĐŽŽƌĚŝŶĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚŝŶĂŶĚĂĐƌŽƐƐďŽƌĚĞƌƐĂŶĚƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĂŶĚŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĐŽůůĞĐƟŽŶ

THE RESPONDERS THOSE WHO ADDRESS THE PROBLEM

ƵŵĂŶƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐƐůĂǀĞƌǇŝƐĐŽŵƉůĞǆĂŶĚƌĞƋƵŝƌĞƐƌĞŵĞĚŝĞƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞƚĂŝůŽƌĞĚƚŽƚŚĞĐŝƌĐƵŵƐƚĂŶĐĞƐŽĨĞǀĞƌǇƐƚĂŐĞŽĨƚŚĞƉƌŽĐĞƐƐdŚĞŵĂŝŶƉĂƌƚŶĞƌƐƚŚĂƚŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚƚŚĞƐĞĂĐƟŽŶƐĂƌĞůŝƐƚĞĚďĞůŽǁ

Figure 9 Major modern slavery responders

^ĂĨĞŵŝŐƌĂƟŽŶ sŝĐƟŵƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ Legal support ǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐĐĂŵƉĂŝŐŶƐ

gtĞŐĂůƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƌĂŝĚƐĂŶĚƌĞƐĐƵĞƐͿ ZĞƉĂƚƌŝĂƟŽŶ sŝĐƟŵƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ

ŚŽŝĐĞŽĨƉƌŽĚƵĐƚƐďĂƐĞĚŽŶƌĞƉƵƚĂƟŽŶ Urge businesses to be responsible

ƵŵĂŶƌŝŐŚƚƐ Research ZĞƉĂƚƌŝĂƟŽŶ

gtĂďŽƵƌĐŽŵƉůŝĂŶĐĞ ^ƵƉƉůǇĐŚĂŝŶĂƵĚŝƟŶŐ

Government

ŝǀŝů^ŽĐŝĞƚǇEKƐͿ

Private Sector

ŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐ

hŶŝƚĞĚEĂƟŽŶƐ


3 ProtecƟŽn of has been accomplished through providing a wide range ofservices including shelter medical and psycho-social support legal assistance and supportfor safe return and Bilateral in the return of acrossborders has generally been strong and service quality to improve

4 Policy and CooperaƟŽn includes the development and of plansand policies the development of mechanisms such as andworking groups to strengthen and within and across borders andresearch and

THE RESPONDERS THOSE WHO ADDRESS THE PROBLEMHuman is complex and requires remedies that are tailored to the circumstancesof every stage of the process The main partners that implement these are listed below


e Safeee Legal supporte Awareness campaigns

e Legal response (raids and rescues)e Re

e Choice of products based one Urge businesses to be responsible

e Human rightse Researche R

e Labour compliancee Supply chain

Government

Civil Society (NGOs)

Private Sector

Consumers

27


INTERVENTION dsd^DE^ ^ZKhdKD

ǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐƌĂŝƐŝŶŐŝŶƚŚĞĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞͿ

dsZĂĚŝŽʹ^ŽĂƉŽƉĞƌĂƐƉƵďůŝĐƐĞƌǀŝĐĞŵĞƐƐĂŐĞƐĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƌŝĞƐ ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟǀĞďŝůůďŽĂƌĚƐĂŶĚůĞĂŇĞƚƐ ŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇƉƌĞƐĞŶƚĂƟŽŶƐ ŽŶĐĞƌƚƐǁŝƚŚĂŵĞƐƐĂŐĞ ŶǀĞƐƟŐĂƟǀĞƌĞƉŽƌƟŶŐĂƌƟĐůĞƐ

WŽƚĞŶƟĂůŵŝŐƌĂŶƚƐŵĂŬĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĞĚĐŚŽŝĐĞƐďĂƐĞĚŽŶĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ

ĞŶĞƌĂůƉƵďůŝĐĨĂŵŝůǇ ĨƌŝĞŶĚƐĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇŵĞŵďĞƌƐͿŽīĞƌĐŽƌƌĞĐƚŝŶĨŽƌŵĞĚĂĚǀŝĐĞƚŽƚŚŽƐĞǁŚŽĂƌĞƐĞĞŬŝŶŐǁŽƌŬĂůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞƐ

ŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚŽƉƟŽŶƐŽīĞƌĞĚƚŽĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƟĞƐ

gtŽǁŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚůŽĂŶƐƚŽƐƟŵƵůĂƚĞůŽĐĂůďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐǀĞŶƚƵƌĞƐ sŽĐĂƟŽŶĂůƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ ŽďƉůĂĐĞŵĞŶƚ

WŽƚĞŶƟĂůŵŝŐƌĂŶƚƐƐĞƚƵƉƚŚĞŝƌŽǁŶďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƟĞƐŽƌƌĞŵĂŝŶŝŶƚŚĞŝƌĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇƚŽĂĚĚƌĞƐƐƚŚĞŝƌĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚŶĞĞĚƐĂƐĂŶĂůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞƚŽŵŝŐƌĂƟŶŐ

^ƵƉƉŽƌƚƚŚĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶĂŶĚŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚŽĨůĞŐĂůĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐ

ĐĐƌĞĚŝƚĂƟŽŶ ĂƉĂĐŝƚǇďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐ ZĞŐƵůĂƌŝŶƐƉĞĐƟŽŶƐďŽƚŚƐŽƵƌĐĞĂŶĚĚĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶ ZĞůĞǀĂŶƚƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐĨŽƌĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞƐƐŬŝůůƐĂŶĚůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞͿ gtĞŐĂůŵĞĂŶƐƚŽďĞƩĞƌŽƉƟŽŶƐŽƚŚĞƌƚŚĂŶŝůůĞŐĂůŽŶĞƐĐŽƐƚ

ƐƉĞĞĚƐĂĨĞƚǇͿ

DŝŐƌĂŶƚƐƵƐĞůĞŐŝƟŵĂƚĞůĞŐĂůƌĞĐƌƵŝƚŵĞŶƚĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŽīĞƌŝŶŐƐĂĨĞĂīŽƌĚĂďůĞĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚŽƉƟŽŶƐ

ZĞĐƌƵŝƚŵĞŶƚĂŐĞŶĐŝĞƐŵĂŬĞĐŚĂŶŐĞƐƚŽĐŽŵƉůǇǁŝƚŚŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ

^ƵƉƉŽƌƚƚŚĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶŽĨ ŽƌŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚŽĨ ůĂďŽƵƌŝŶƐƉĞĐƟŽŶƐ

ĂƉĂĐŝƚǇďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŽĨŝŶƐƉĞĐƚŽƌƐ ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐƌĞĮŶĞĚĂŶĚŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĚ ZĞŐƵůĂƌŝŶƐƉĞĐƟŽŶƐ gtĞŐĂůƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞŽīĞƌĞĚǁŚĞƌĞŶĞĞĚĞĚ

dƌĂŝŶĞĚůĂďŽƵƌŝŶƐƉĞĐƚŽƌƐƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƌĞŐƵůĂƌ ĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞĨĂĐƚŽƌǇŝŶƐƉĞĐƟŽŶƐƚŽĞŶƐƵƌĞƚŚĞƉƌĞƐĞŶĐĞŽĨĞƚŚŝĐĂůůĂďŽƵƌƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐŝŶĂǁŽƌŬƉůĂĐĞ

ĂĚďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐĞƐŵĂŬĞĐŚĂŶŐĞƐƚŽĐŽŵƉůǇǁŝƚŚƚŚĞŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĂďŽƵƌĐŽĚĞƐŽƌĨĂĐĞƐƟīƉĞŶĂůƟĞƐŽƌůĞŐĂůƌĞĐŽƵƌƐĞ

^ƵƉƉŽƌƚƚŚĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶĂŶĚŝŵƉƌŽǀĞŵĞŶƚŽĨƐƵƉƉůǇĐŚĂŝŶĂƵĚŝƚƐ

ĂƉĂĐŝƚǇďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŽĨƐƵƉƉůǇĐŚĂŝŶĂƵĚŝƚŽƌƐ ŽŶǀŝŶĐĞďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐĞƐƚŽǀŽůƵŶƚĂƌŝůǇĂƵĚŝƚĂůůĂƐƉĞĐƚƐŽĨƚŚĞŝƌ

ƐƵƉƉůǇĐŚĂŝŶƐ ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐŝŶƉůĂĐĞƚŚĂƚƉƌŽƚĞĐƚǁŽƌŬĞƌƐ gtĞŐĂůƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞŽƵƚůŝŶĞĚĨŽƌĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚǀŝĐƟŵ

dŚŽƐĞĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚŽƌƐƐƵďͲĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚŽƌƐǁŚŽĂƌĞĞǆƉůŽŝƟŶŐǁŽƌŬĞƌƐŝŶƐůĂǀĞͲůŝŬĞƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƐĂƌĞĚŝƐƐƵĂĚĞĚĨƌŽŵĚŽŝŶŐƐŽďǇƐĞǀĞƌĞĮŶĂŶĐŝĂůĂŶĚůĞŐĂůŽƵƚĐŽŵĞƐƚŚĂƚŚƵƌƚƚŚĞŝƌďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐĂŶĚŐŽĂŌĞƌƚŚĞŝƌĂƐƐĞƚƐ

dŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐƐĞƌŝĞƐŽĨƚĂďůĞƐƐƵŵŵĂƌŝǌĞƐƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĂŶĚĚĞƐŝƌĞĚŽƵƚĐŽŵĞƐĨŽƌƚŚĞƚŚƌĞĞŵĂŝŶŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶĐĂƚĞŐŽƌŝĞƐƉƌĞǀĞŶƟŽŶƉƌŽƐĞĐƵƟŽŶĂŶĚƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶ21

PREVENTION ACTIVITIES

28



^ƵƉƉŽƌƚƚŚĞĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŵĞŶƚƌĞĮŶĞŵĞŶƚĂŶĚƵƐĞŽĨĐŽƵŶƚĞƌƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐůĂǁƐďŝůĂƚĞƌĂůĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƐƉĞĐŝĂůŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐ

ƌĂŌŝŶŐĂŶĚĮŶĂůŝǌĂƟŽŶŽĨůĂǁƐĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚƐĂŶĚƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐ ĂƉĂĐŝƚǇďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŽĨůĂǁĞŶĨŽƌĐĞŵĞŶƚĂŶĚůĞŐĂůƉƌĂĐƟƟŽŶĞƌƐƉŽůŝĐĞũƵĚŐĞƐƉƌŽƐĞĐƵƚŽƌƐͿ

gtĞŐĂůƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƵƐĞĚďǇĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐƚŽĂƐƐŝƐƚǀŝĐƟŵƐ

dŚĞůĞŐĂůĞƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŵĞŶƚƉŽůŝĐĞƉƌŽƐĞĐƵƚŽƌƐĂŶĚũƵĚŐĞƐͿƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚĂŶĚƵƐĞůĂǁƐƚŽŚĞůƉŐŽĂŌĞƌĐƌŝŵŝŶĂůƐǁŚŽƚƌĂĸĐĂŶĚďĞŶĞĮƚĨƌŽŵƐůĂǀĞůĂďŽƵƌ

^ƵƉƉŽƌƚƚŚĞĐƌĞĂƟŽŶƌĞĮŶĞŵĞŶƚĂŶĚƵƐĞŽĨƉƌŽĂĐƟǀĞŝŶǀĞƐƟŐĂƟŽŶƐƌĞůĂƚĞĚƚŽŚƵŵĂŶƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐthat do not rely on the ǀŝĐƟŵ

ĂƉĂĐŝƚǇďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŽĨůĂǁĞŶĨŽƌĐĞŵĞŶƚ ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐŝŶƉůĂĐĞƚŚĂƚƉƌŽƚĞĐƚƚŚĞǀŝĐƟŵ

gtĞŐĂůƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞŽƵƚůŝŶĞĚĂŶĚƉƌŽĂĐƟǀĞůǇƵƐĞĚ

ŚĂŶŐĞƚŚĞďĞŚĂǀŝŽƵƌŽĨƉŽůŝĐĞƚŽŵŽǀĞĨƌŽŵƌĞĂĐƟǀĞƚŽƉƌŽĂĐƟǀĞŝŶǀĞƐƟŐĂƟŽŶƐŽĨƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐƐŝƚĞƐ

Support responsible and ǁĞůůͲƉůĂŶŶĞĚƌĂŝĚƐĂŶĚƌĞƐĐƵĞƐƚŽŚĞůƉǀŝĐƟŵƐĂŶĚŐŽĂŌĞƌĐƌŝŵŝŶĂůƐ

ĂƉĂĐŝƚǇďƵŝůĚŝŶŐŽĨůĂǁĞŶĨŽƌĐĞŵĞŶƚ ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐŝŶƉůĂĐĞƚŚĂƚƉƌŽƚĞĐƚƚŚĞǀŝĐƟŵĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌǀƵůŶĞƌĂďůĞƉĞƌƐŽŶƐ

gtĞŐĂůƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞŽƵƚůŝŶĞĚĨŽƌĂƵƚŚŽƌŝƟĞƐĂŶĚǀŝĐƟŵƐ gtŝŶŬǁŝƚŚƉƌŽƚĞĐƟŽŶŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂůŝǌĞĚ

^ƚŽƉĐƌŝŵŝŶĂůƐǁŚŽĂƌĞĞǆƉůŽŝƟŶŐǁŽƌŬĞƌƐŝŶƐůĂǀĞͲůŝŬĞƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƐĨƌŽŵĚŽŝŶŐƐŽďǇŽīĞƌŝŶŐƐĞǀĞƌĞĮŶĂŶĐŝĂůĂŶĚŽƌůĞŐĂůŽƵƚĐŽŵĞƐƚŚĂƚŚƵƌƚƚŚĞŝƌďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐĂŶĚŐŽĂŌĞƌƚŚĞŝƌĂƐƐĞƚƐ

ŽŶǀŝŶĐĞůĂǁĞŶĨŽƌĐĞŵĞŶƚƚŽƵƐĞƚŚĞůĂǁƐƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐƚŚĂƚĂƌĞĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ

ŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĐƌŽƐƐͲďŽƌĚĞƌĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚƐƚŽƐŚĂƌĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĞǀŝĚĞŶĐĞŽŶƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐĐĂƐĞƐĂŵŽŶŐůĂǁĞŶĨŽƌĐĞƌƐ

ƐƚĂďůŝƐŚŵĞŶƚŽĨďŝůĂƚĞƌĂůĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚƐďĞƚǁĞĞŶĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐ KƉĞƌĂƟŽŶĂůŝǌĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞƐĞĂŐƌĞĞŵĞŶƚƐ ZĞŐƵůĂƌƵƐĞŽĨƚŚĞŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵƚŽŝŵƉƌŽǀĞĐƌŽƐƐͲďŽƌĚĞƌĐŽŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶ

gtĂǁĞŶĨŽƌĐĞŵĞŶƚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚĂŶĚƵƐĞĐƌŽƐƐͲďŽƌĚĞƌŵĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵƐƚŽŐŽĂŌĞƌĂŶĚƵŶƌĂǀĞůĞŶƟƌĞƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐŶĞƚǁŽƌŬƐĂŶĚŚĞůƉƌĞƐƉŽŶĚƚŽƚŚĞŶĞĞĚƐŽĨĨŽƌĞŝŐŶǀŝĐƟŵƐŝŶƚŚĞŝƌĐŽƵŶƚƌǇ

PROTECTION CRIMINAL JUSTICE


INTERVENTION ACTIVITIES MEANS DESIRED OUTCOME

Support the establishmentr and use ofcounter lawsbilateral agreementsand specialprocedures

e Dr and of laws agreements and protocolse Capacity building of law enforcement and legal

(police judges prosecutors)e Legal response used by to assist

e The legal establishment (police prosecutors and judges)understand and use laws to help go criminals whotr and from slave labour

Support ther and use ofprrelated to humanthat do not rely on the

e Capacity building of law enforcemente Standard procedures in place that protect the

e Legal response outlined and used

e Change the behaviour of police to move from topr of sites

Support responsible and well-planned raids andrescues to help andgo criminals


and other vulnerable personse Legal response outlined for ande Link with

e Stop criminals who are workers in slave-likesitua from doing so by severe andor legal outcomes that hurt their business and go theirassets

e Convince law enforcement to use the lawsprocedures thatare available

Implement cross-borderagreements to sharein and evidenceon cases amonglaw enforcers

e Establishment of bilateral agreements between countriese Oper of these agreementse Regular use of the mechanism to improve cross-border

c

e Law enforcement understand and use cross-bordermechanisms to go and unravelnetworks and help respond to the needs of foreign intheir country

PROSECUTION CRIMINAL JUSTICE

29



ĨƵůůƌĂŶŐĞŽĨƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚƚŽĂƚƌĂĸĐŬĞĚperson through a shelter or ĂůƚĞƌŶĂƟǀĞĨĂĐŝůŝƚǇƚŚĂƚŵĞĞƚĞƚŚŝĐĂůĂŶĚŚƵŵĂŶƌŝŐŚƚƐƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐ

ampŽŽĚƐŚĞůƚĞƌ ƐĞĐƵƌŝƚǇ ĐŽƵŶƐĞůůŝŶŐůĞŐĂůĂŝĚĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽũƵƐƟĐĞĨĂŵŝůǇƚƌĂĐŝŶŐŵĞĚŝĐĂůĐĂƌĞƌĞƉĂƚƌŝĂƟŽŶǀŽĐĂƟŽŶĂůƉůĂĐĞŵĞŶƚĂŶĚĨŽůůŽǁͲƵƉŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐ

dƌĂĸĐŬĞĚƉĞƌƐŽŶĚĞǀĞůŽƉƐƌĞƐŝůŝĞŶĐĞĂŶĚŝƐĞŵƉŽǁĞƌĞĚƚŽŵŽǀĞŽŶǁŝƚŚŚŝƐŚĞƌůŝĨĞďĞŝŶŐĞƋƵŝƉƉĞĚǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ

ĞĐŝƐŝŽŶͲŵĂŬŝŶŐƉŽǁĞƌ ĐĐĞƐƐƚŽŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ ƌĂŶŐĞŽĨŽƉƟŽŶƐĨƌŽŵǁŚŝĐŚƚŽŵĂŬĞĐŚŽŝĐĞƐ ŶƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐŽĨŽŶĞ ƐƌŝŐŚƚƐ dŚĞĂďŝůŝƚǇƚŽĞīĞĐƚĐŚĂŶŐĞŝŶŽŶĞ ƐůŝĨĞĂŶĚŽŶĞ ƐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇ dŚĞŽƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚǇƚŽůĞĂƌŶƐŬŝůůƐƚŚĂƚŽŶĞĚĞĮŶĞƐĂƐŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ dƌƵƐƚŝŶŽŶĞ ƐĐŽŵƉĞƚĞŶĐǇĂŶĚĐĂƉĂĐŝƚǇ ŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐƉŽƐŝƟǀĞƐĞůĨͲŝŵĂŐĞĂŶĚŽǀĞƌĐŽŵŝŶŐƐƟŐŵĂ

dĞĐŚŶŝĐĂůƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĂŶĚcapacity building provided to ĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĂůůĂƐƉĞĐƚƐŽĨǀŝĐƟŵĐĂƌĞĂŶĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĨƌŽŵǀŝĐƟŵŝĚĞŶƟĮĐĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƌĞƐĐƵĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŽƌĞŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶ

^ǇƐƚĞŵƐĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĂŶĚƚĞƐƟŶŐŐƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐŽƉĞƌĂƟŶŐƉƌŽĐĞĚƵƌĞƐĞƚĐͿ

dƌĂŝŶŝŶŐĂŶĚŵĞŶƚŽƌŝŶŐ ŝůĂƚĞƌĂůŶĞŐŽƟĂƟŽŶƐ

WŽƐƚͲƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐƉƌĂĐƟƟŽŶĞƌƐĐĂƌƌǇŽƵƚƚŚĞŝƌƌŽůĞƐŝŶĂŶĞĸĐŝĞŶƚĂŶĚĞīĞĐƟǀĞŵĂŶŶĞƌƚŚĂƚŵĞĞƚƐĞƚŚŝĐĂůĂŶĚŚƵŵĂŶƌŝŐŚƚƐƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐĂŐƌĞĞĚƵƉŽŶƉƌŽƚŽĐŽůƐĂŶĚƐǇƐƚĞŵƐ

ůůǀŝĐƟŵƐŚĂǀĞĂĐĐĞƐƐƚŽƐŝŵŝůĂƌƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐƌĞŐĂƌĚůĞƐƐŽĨŚŽǁƚŚĞǇǁĞƌĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚĂŶĚǁŝƚŚǁŚŝĐŚŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶƚŚĞǇĐĂŵĞŝŶƚŽĐŽŶƚĂĐƚ

ŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚŽƉƟŽŶƐŽīĞƌĞĚƚŽƚƌĂĸĐŬĞĚƉĞƌƐŽŶƐ

gtŽǁŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚůŽĂŶƐƚŽƐƟŵƵůĂƚĞůŽĐĂůďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐǀĞŶƚƵƌĞƐ sŽĐĂƟŽŶĂůƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐ ŽďƉůĂĐĞŵĞŶƚ ^ĂĨĞŵŝŐƌĂƟŽŶ KƉƉŽƌƚƵŶŝƚǇĨŽƌƐĂĨĞĨĂŝƌĞŵƉůŽǇŵĞŶƚǁŚĞƌĞŚĞƐŚĞĚĞƐŝƌĞƐ

dƌĂĸĐŬĞĚƉĞƌƐŽŶŝƐŝŶĂƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶǁŚĞƌĞŚĞƐŚĞĂĐŚŝĞǀĞƐĂƐƵƐƚĂŝŶĂďůĞůŝǀĞůŝŚŽŽĚĨŽƌŚŝƐŚĞƌĨƵƚƵƌĞ

ƐǇƐƚĞŵŝƐƉƵƚŝŶƉůĂĐĞƚŽŵŽŶŝƚŽƌǁŚĂƚŚĂƉƉĞŶƐǁŝƚŚĂǀŝĐƟŵ

WĞƌŝŽĚŝĐŵĞĞƟŶŐƐ WŚŽŶĞĐĂůůƐ

WŽƐƚͲƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐƉƌĂĐƟƟŽŶĞƌƐƌĞŐƵůĂƌůǇŵŽŶŝƚŽƌƚŚĞƌĞŝŶƚĞŐƌĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇƉƌŽĐĞƐƐŽĨĂǀŝĐƟŵƚŽƉƌĞǀĞŶƚ ƌĞͲƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐ

PROSECUTION VICTIM SUPPORT



A full range of servicesprovided to aperson through a shelter or

facility that meetethical and human rightsstandards

e Food shelter security counselling legal aid access tofamily tracing medical care r v placementand follow-up monitoring

e T person develops resilience and is empowered tomove on with hisher life being equipped with the following

e Decision-making powere Access to and resourcese A range of from which to make choicese An understanding of onersquos rightse The ability to change in onersquos life and onersquos communitye The opportunity to learn skills that one as importante Trust in onersquos competency and capacitye Increasing self-image and overcoming

Technical support andcapacity building provided to address all aspects ofcare and support fromiden and rescuethrough to

e Systems development and (guidelinesprocedures etc)

e Training and mentoringe Bilateral

e P carry out their roles in anand manner that meets ethical and human rightsstandards following agreed upon protocols and systems

e All have access to similar services regardless of howthey were and with which they cameinto contact

Employmentto persons

e Low interest loans to local business venturese V traininge Job placemente Safee Opportunity for safe fair employment where heshe desires

e T person is in a where heshe achieves asustainable livelihood for hisher future

A system is put in place tomonitor what happens witha

e Periodice Phone calls

e P regularly monitor ther and recovery process of a to prevent

PROTECTION VICTIM SUPPORT

30


RATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE CURRENT RESPONSEĞƐƉŝƚĞƚŚĞŵĂŶǇĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐďĞŝŶŐŝŵƉůĞŵĞŶƚĞĚŝƚŝƐŐĞŶĞƌĂůůǇĂŐƌĞĞĚƚŚĂƚŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐƚŽŐƌŽǁĂŶĚĞǀŽůǀĞƚŚĂƐďĞĐŽŵĞĞǀŝĚĞŶƚƚŚĂƚƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂůĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐǁŚŝůĞŽŌĞŶŐĞŶĞƌĂƟŶŐƉŽƐŝƟǀĞŽƵƚĐŽŵĞƐĂƚĂůŽĐĂůůĞǀĞůĂƌĞŶŽƚƐƵĸĐŝĞŶƚƚŽĞīĞĐƟǀĞůǇĐŽŵďĂƚƚŚŝƐŵƵůƟͲĨĂĐĞƚĞĚƉƌŽďůĞŵŽŶĂŶĂƟŽŶĂůĂŶĚƌĞŐŝŽŶĂůƐĐĂůĞĞƌĞĂƌĞƐŽŵĞŽĨƚŚĞƐƉĞĐŝĮĐĐŽŶĐĞƌŶƐ

ϭ ƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚŽĨŝŵƉĂĐƚƌĞŵĂŝŶƐǀĞƌǇůŝŵŝƚĞĚĂŶĚŵĂŶǇŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐƚŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞƌĞŵĂŝŶďĂƐĞĚŽŶƵŶƚĞƐƚĞĚĂƐƐƵŵƉƟŽŶƐĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞŝƌǀĂůƵĞĂŶĚƌĞĂůƌĞƐƵůƚƐ

Ϯ ŶƟͲƐůĂǀĞƌǇƉƌŽŐƌĂŵƐƚĞŶĚƚŽďĞĚŽŵŝŶĂƚĞĚďǇŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐĂƚƉŽŝŶƚƐŽĨŽƌŝŐŝŶĨŽƌƐůĂǀĞƌǇǀŝĐƟŵƐǁŝƚŚĨĞǁĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐĚŝƌĞĐƚĞĚĂƚƉŽŝŶƚƐŽĨĚĞƐƟŶĂƟŽŶǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞŵĂũŽƌŝƚǇŽĨƚŚĞĂďƵƐĞĂŶĚĞǆƉůŽŝƚĂƟŽŶƚĂŬĞƐƉůĂĐĞ

ϯ DĞĐŚĂŶŝƐŵƐĨŽƌǀŝĐƚŝŵŝĚĞŶƚŝĨŝĐĂƚŝŽŶƌĞŵĂŝŶůŝŵŝƚĞĚdŚŝƐŶĞŐĂƚŝǀĞůǇŝŵƉĂĐƚƐŽŶĂůůĂƌĞĂƐŽĨƚŚĞƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƚŽƚƌĂĨĨŝĐŬŝŶŐŝŶĐůƵĚŝŶŐŽĨĐŽƵƌƐĞƚŚĞƉƌŽǀŝƐŝŽŶŽĨƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐƚŽǀŝĐƚŝŵƐďƵƚĂůƐŽůĞƐƐŽďǀŝŽƵƐůǇŽŶůĂǁĞŶĨŽƌĐĞŵĞŶƚǁŚŝĐŚŝƐŚŝŐŚůǇĚĞƉĞŶĚĞŶƚŽŶǀŝĐƚŝŵƐĂƐǁŝƚŶĞƐƐĞƐĂŶĚ

ϰ ŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĐŽůůĞĐƚĞĚĨƌŽŵǀŝĐƟŵƐďǇindividual agencies is not currently collated and aggregated to provide a ďĞƩĞƌƉŝĐƚƵƌĞŽĨƚŚĞƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶƚŽĚĞƐŝŐŶďĞƩĞƌƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐŽƌƚŽĂƐƐŝƐƚŝŶƚĂƌŐĞƟŶŐĂŶĚĨŽĐƵƐŝŶŐƉƌĞǀĞŶƟŽŶĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ

dŚƵƐǁŚŝůĞĞīŽƌƚƐŽǀĞƌƚŚĞůĂƐƚĨĞǁǇĞĂƌƐŚĂǀĞďĞĞŶĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂďůĞƚŚĞƌĞŝƐĂŶĞĞĚĨŽƌŶĞǁĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐĂŶĚǁĂǇƐŽĨǁŽƌŬŝŶŐƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌ ƵŶĚĞƌƉŝŶŶĞĚďǇďĞƩĞƌŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐƐŝƚƵĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƚŚĞĞīĞĐƟǀĞŶĞƐƐŽĨĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐ

IMPACT OF HUMAN SLAVERY EFFORTS GLOBALLY

sŝĐƟŵƐƌĞƐĐƵĞĚĂŶĚŚĞůƉĞĚŌĞƌŶĞĂƌůǇϮϬǇĞĂƌƐŽĨĚŽŶŽƌͲĨƵŶĚŝŶŐĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĨŽƌŵĂũŽƌĂŶƟͲƐůĂǀĞƌǇƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐĞīŽƌƚƐĂƌŽƵŶĚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƚǁŽŝŶĚŝĐĂƚŽƌƐĂƌĞŶŽǁďĞŝŶŐƚƌĂĐŬĞĚŽŶĂŶĂŶŶƵĂůďĂƐŝƐdŚĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞƚĂďůĞďĞůŽǁƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐĂƐƵŵŵĂƌǇŽĨƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƐůĂǀĞƌǇǀŝĐƟŵƐŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚĂŶĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƚĞĚŝŶϮϬϭϱtŝƚŚĂůůŽĨƚŚĞEKhŶŝƚĞĚEĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚĞīŽƌƚƐĐŽŵďŝŶĞĚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚŽŶůǇŚĞůƉĞĚϬϮƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞƉĞŽƉůĞŝŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇ22

WƌŽƐĞĐƵƟŽŶƐĂŶĚĐŽŶǀŝĐƟŽŶƐdŚĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶŝŶƚŚĞƚĂďůĞďĞůŽǁƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐĂƐƵŵŵĂƌǇŽĨƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨŐůŽďĂůƉƌŽƐĞĐƵƟŽŶƐĂŶĚĐŽŶǀŝĐƟŽŶƐďǇǇĞĂƌ EŽƚĞƚŚĂƚƌĞůĂƟǀĞƚŽƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨ

ŚƵŵĂŶƐůĂǀĞƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚĞƐƟŵĂƚĞĚƚŽďĞϰϱϴϬϬϬϬϬͿƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌƐŽĨƉƌŽƐĞĐƵƟŽŶƐĂŶĚĐŽŶǀŝĐƟŽŶƐĂƌĞĞǆƚƌĞŵĞůǇůŽǁ23

ampŝŐƵƌĞϭϬDŽĚĞƌŶ^ůĂǀĞƌǇsŝĐƟŵƐZĞƐĐƵĞĚAnnually

Figure 11WƌŽƐĞĐƵƟŽŶƐĂŶĚŽŶǀŝĐƟŽŶƐ

ůŽďĂůƐůĂǀĞĮŐƵƌĞ

sŝĐƟŵƐƌĞƐĐƵĞĚϬϮйͿ

WƌŽƐĞĐƵƟŽŶƐ ŽŶǀŝĐƟŽŶƐ

998

ONLY 78000 PEOPLE HELPED OUT OF 458 MILLION

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

20000

10000

ONLY 4000 OUT OF 500000 CRIMINALS CONVICTED (08 percent)

31


REASONS FOR LOW RESULTS

tŚĞŶůŽŽŬŝŶŐĂƚƚŚĞĮŐƵƌĞƐĨŽƌƉƌŽƐĞĐƵƟŽŶĂŶĚǀŝĐƟŵĂƐƐŝƐƚĂŶĐĞŽŶĞŵŝŐŚƚƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƚŚĞĞĸĐĂĐǇŽĨƚŚĞĐƵƌƌĞŶƚĂŶƟͲƐůĂǀĞƌǇƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞtŚǇĂƌĞƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌƐƐŽůŽǁƌĞůĂƟǀĞƚŽƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƐůĂǀĞƐƌĞƚŚĞƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞƌƐŶŽƚĚŽŝŶŐƚŚĞŝƌũŽďƐƌĞƚŚĞŝŶƚĞƌǀĞŶƟŽŶƐŶŽƚĨŽĐƵƐĞĚĞŶŽƵŐŚdŚĞĂŶƐǁĞƌƚŽƚŚĞƐĞƋƵĞƐƟŽŶƐĐĂŶďĞĨŽƵŶĚŝŶƚŚĞĐŚĂƌƚďĞůŽǁdŚĞƌĞĂƌĞĨŽƵƌƌĞĂƐŽŶƐĐŝƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞůŽǁƌĞƐƵůƚƐ

REASON EXPLANATION

y^^sWZKampd^ ĐĐŽƌĚŝŶŐƚŽƚŚĞŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůgtĂďŽƵƌKƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶgtKͿƚŚĞƉƌŽĮƚƐŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞĚĨƌŽŵƚŚŝƐŝůůŝĐŝƚƚƌĂĚĞĂƌĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞĚƚŽĞǆĐĞĞĚh^ΨϭϱϬďŝůůŝŽŶĂŶŶƵĂůůǇƵƚĚĞƐƉŝƚĞƚŚĞƐŝǌĞŽĨƚŚĞƉƌŽďůĞŵĂŶŶƵĂůŐůŽďĂůĚŽŶŽƌĐŽŶƚƌŝďƵƟŽŶƐĂĚĚƵƉƚŽŽŶůǇĂƌŽƵŶĚh^ΨϯϱϬŵŝůůŝŽŶ24ǁŚŝĐŚƌĞƉƌĞƐĞŶƚƐůĞƐƐƚŚĂŶŽŶĞƉĞƌĐĞŶƚŽĨƚŽƚĂůƉƌŽĮƚƐŐĞŶĞƌĂƚĞĚďǇƚŚĞĐƌŝŵŝŶĂůƐƚŝƐŶŽƚƐƵƌƉƌŝƐŝŶŐƚŚĂƚƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƚƌĂĸĐŬĞĚƉĞƌƐŽŶƐĐŽŶƟŶƵĞƐƚŽŝŶĐƌĞĂƐĞŶĨĂĐƚƚŚĞhEŚĂƐŝŶĚŝĐĂƚĞĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞŵŽƌĞŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƐŝŶƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚƚŽĚĂǇƚŚĂŶĂƚĂŶǇŽƚŚĞƌƟŵĞŝŶŚŝƐƚŽƌǇZĞĂůŝǌŝŶŐƚŚĂƚǁĞĂƌĞŶŽƚŵĂŬŝŶŐĂĚŝīĞƌĞŶĐĞŝŶƚŚŝƐĮŐŚƚŝƚŝƐĐůĞĂƌƚŚĂƚƐŽŵĞƚŚŝŶŐƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚŶĞĞĚƐƚŽĐŚĂŶŐĞ

LIMITED NUMBER OF RESPONDERS

ƚŝƐĞƐƟŵĂƚĞĚƚŚĂƚƚŚĞƌĞĂƌĞĂƉƉƌŽǆŝŵĂƚĞůǇϭϱϬϬϬƉĞŽƉůĞǁŝƚŚŝŶEKhEĂŶĚŐŽǀĞƌŶŵĞŶƚŽĸĐĞƐĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƚŚŝƐŝƐƐƵĞdŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨĐƌŝŵŝŶĂůƐĂƌĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞĚƚŽďĞŽǀĞƌϱϬϬϬϬϬdŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŐƌĞĞĚͲŝŶĐĞŶƟǀŝǌĞĚĐƌŝŵŝŶĂůƐŝƐŽǀĞƌϯϬƟŵĞƐŵŽƌĞƚŚĂŶƚŚĞŶƵŵďĞƌŽĨƉĞŽƉůĞĮŐŚƟŶŐƚŚĞƉƌŽďůĞŵ

HIDDEN NATURE OF THE ISSUE

ĞĐĂƵƐĞŽĨƚŚĞĐůĂŶĚĞƐƟŶĞŶĂƚƵƌĞŽĨŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇ ŝƚŝƐŶŽƚĂůǁĂǇƐĞĂƐǇƚŽĮŶĚƚŚĞǀŝĐƟŵƐhŶůĞƐƐƚŚĞƌĞƐƉŽŶĚĞƌƐĂƌĞƚƌĂŝŶĞĚƚŽůŽĐĂƚĞƚŚĞŵƚŚĞǇǁŝůůŶŽƚďĞĨŽƵŶĚ

^hWWgtzEdZE^WZEzgtt

hƉƵŶƟůƌĞĐĞŶƚůǇ ĨĞǁĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƟŽŶƐŚĂǀĞůŽŽŬĞĚďĞůŽǁƚŚĞĮƌƐƚƟĞƌǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞŝƌƐƵƉƉůǇĐŚĂŝŶƐŶƚŚĞƉĂƐƚƚŚĞƌĞǁĂƐŶŽŝŶĐĞŶƟǀĞĚŽƚŽƐŽtŝƚŚŶĞǁůĞŐŝƐůĂƟŽŶŝŶƉůĂĐĞƚŚĂƚĞǆƉĞĐƚƐĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐƚŽŚĂǀĞĂŶƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞŝƌŽǀĞƌĂůůƐƵƉƉůǇĐŚĂŝŶŵĂŶǇĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐĂƌĞĚŽŝŶŐǁŚĂƚƚŚĞǇĐĂŶƚŽďĞŝŶĐŽŵƉůŝĂŶĐĞdŚŝƐŝƐŶŽƚƉŽƐƐŝďůĞĨŽƌŵŽƐƚŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶƐĂƚƚŚŝƐƟŵĞdŚĞƌĞĨŽƌĞŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇĨŽƌĐĞĚůĂďŽƵƌŵŝŐŚƚĞǆŝƐƚďƵƚŝƚŝƐŶƚďĞŝŶŐĚĞƚĞĐƚĞĚ

32

ABOUT THE MEKONG CLUBdŚĞDĞŬŽŶŐůƵďŝƐĂŵĞŵďĞƌƐŚŝƉͲďĂƐĞĚŽƌŐĂŶŝǌĂƟŽŶƚŚĂƚǁŽƌŬƐǁŝƚŚĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐƚŚĂƚǁĂŶƚƚŽƚĂŬĞĂĐƟǀĞƐƚĞƉƐƚŽŝĚĞŶƟĨǇƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůƌŝƐŬĂŶĚĞƌĂĚŝĐĂƚĞƐůĂǀĞƌǇĨƌŽŵƚŚĞŝƌďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐDĞŵďĞƌƐĂƌĞŝŶǀŝƚĞĚƚŽũŽŝŶŽƚŚĞƌůĞĂĚĞƌƐĚĞƚĞƌŵŝŶĞĚƚŽŝŵƉĂĐƚĐŚĂŶŐĞŝŶŝŶĚƵƐƚƌǇͲƐƉĞĐŝĮĐǁŽƌŬŝŶŐŐƌŽƵƉƐǁŚĞƌĞƚŚĞǇƌĞĐĞŝǀĞƵƉͲƚŽͲĚĂƚĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĞǆƉĞƌƚƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐŽŶŝƐƐƵĞƐƉĞƌƟŶĞŶƚƚŽƚŚĞƵŶŝƋƵĞĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐŽĨƚŚĞŝƌŝŶĚƵƐƚƌǇƐƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚŝƐĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚŵĞŵďĞƌƐŵĞĞƚƌĞŐƵůĂƌůǇƚŽƐŚĂƌĞďĞƐƚƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐůĞĂƌŶĂďŽƵƚƚŽŽůƐǁŚŝĐŚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƉƌĂĐƟĐĂůĂŶĚƚĂŶŐŝďůĞĂĐƟŽŶƐƚŽƚĂĐŬůĞƐůĂǀĞƌǇĂŶĚŶĞƚǁŽƌŬǁŝƚŚŽƚŚĞƌůŝŬĞͲŵŝŶĚĞĚƉƌŽĨĞƐƐŝŽŶĂůƐDĞŵďĞƌĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐĂůƐŽǁŽƌŬƚŽŐĞƚŚĞƌŽŶĂŶŶƵĂůĚĞůŝǀĞƌĂďůĞƐǁŚŝĐŚĂƌĞƵƐĞĚƚŽƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƚĂŶŐŝďůĞĂĐƟŽŶƐŝŶƚŚĞĮŐŚƚĂŐĂŝŶƐƚĨŽƌĐĞĚůĂďŽƵƌ

VISION AND MISSION

dŚĞǀŝƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞDĞŬŽŶŐůƵďŝƐƚŽŚĂƌŶĞƐƐƚŚĞƉŽǁĞƌŽĨƚŚĞƉƌŝǀĂƚĞƐĞĐƚŽƌƚŽƉƌŝŽƌŝƟǌĞƐůĂǀĞƌǇĂŶĚƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐƚŚĞƌĞďǇĐŚĂŶŐŝŶŐďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐǁŚŝĐŚǁŝůůƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶƚůǇƌĞĚƵĐĞƐůĂǀĞƌǇ

dŚĞŵŝƐƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞDĞŬŽŶŐůƵďŝƐƚŽĂĐƚĂƐĂĐĂƚĂůǇƐƚĨŽƌƚŚŝƐĐŚĂŶŐĞʹĞŶŐĂŐŝŶŐŝŶƐƉŝƌŝŶŐĂŶĚƐƵƉƉŽƌƟŶŐƚŚĞƉƌŝǀĂƚĞƐĞĐƚŽƌƚŽůĞĂĚƚŚĞĮŐŚƚĂŐĂŝŶƐƚŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇ

DĂũŽƌŽďũĞĐƟǀĞƐŝŶĐůƵĚĞϭͿƵƐŝŶŐĂĨĂĐŝůŝƚĂƟŽŶƉƌŽĐĞƐƐƚŽŝĚĞŶƟĨǇƚŚĞŐƌĞĂƚĞƐƚĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐŝŵƉĂĐƟŶŐĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐĂĚĚƌĞƐƐŝŶŐƐůĂǀĞƌǇϮͿŝĚĞŶƟĨǇŝŶŐƉƌĂĐƟĐĂůĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐĂŶĚƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐƚŽŚĞůƉĂĚĚƌĞƐƐƚŚĞƐĞĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞƐϯͿŝŶĐƌĞĂƐŝŶŐƚŚĞŽǀĞƌĂůůƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐĂŶĚĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚŝƐŝƐƐƵĞƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚƚŚĞďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚǇŝŶŽŶŐltŽŶŐĂŶĚϰͿĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚŽƵƚƚŚĞDĞŬŽŶŐƌĞŐŝŽŶƚŽĞǆƉĂŶĚƚŚĞƌĞĂĐŚĂŶĚŝŵƉĂĐƚŽĨƚŚĞƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶ ƐǁŽƌŬŶƐƵŵŵĂƌǇ ƚŚĞDĞŬŽŶŐůƵďƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐƚŚĞďĂƐŝĐĨŽƵŶĚĂƟŽŶĨŽƌĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞĐŚĂŶŐĞŝŶƚŚĞĮŐŚƚĂŐĂŝŶƐƚŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇǁŝƚŚŝŶŽŶŐltŽŶŐĂŶĚĂĐƌŽƐƐ^ŽƵƚŚĞĂƐƚƐŝĂ


FOUR INDUSTRY WORKING GROUPS

ƐĂŶƐƐŽĐŝĂƟŽŶƚŚĞDĞŬŽŶŐůƵďƚĂƌŐĞƚƐĨŽƵƌŝŶĚƵƐƚƌǇǁŽƌŬŝŶŐŐƌŽƵƉƐdŚĞǇŝŶĐůƵĚĞƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ

Financial ServicesŶŶƵĂůƉƌŽĮƚƐĨƌŽŵŵŽĚĞƌŶͲĚĂǇƐůĂǀĞƌǇĂƌĞĞƐƟŵĂƚĞĚƚŽďĞh^ΨϭϱϬďŝůůŝŽŶŵŽƐƚŽĨǁŚŝĐŚŐŽĞƐƚŚƌŽƵŐŚƚŚĞŐůŽďĂůďĂŶŬŝŶŐƐǇƐƚĞŵĞŝŶŐŽŶƚŚĞĨƌŽŶƚůŝŶĞŽĨĮŶĂŶĐŝĂůƚƌĂŶƐĂĐƟŽŶƐƚŚĞĮŶĂŶĐŝĂůƐĞƌǀŝĐĞƐŝŶĚƵƐƚƌǇŚĂƐĂĚŝƐƟŶĐƚĂĚǀĂŶƚĂŐĞŝŶďĞŝŶŐĂďůĞƚŽŝĚĞŶƟĨǇƐƵƐƉŝĐŝŽƵƐĂĐƟǀŝƚǇƐƐƵĞƐŽĨŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚŝŶĐůƵĚĞƚŚĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞŽĨƵƐŝŶŐďŝŐĚĂƚĂƚŽŚĞůƉŝĚĞŶƟĨǇƌĞĚŇĂŐƐ ƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐĐƌŝŵŝŶĂůƉĂƩĞƌŶƐƚŽĚĞǀĞůŽƉƐǇƐƚĞŵƐƚŽƚƌĂĐŬƚŚŝƐĂĐƟǀŝƚǇ ĂŶĚƚŚĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶĐĞŽĨƚƌĂŝŶŝŶŐƚŽƌĞĂĐŚĞŵƉůŽǇĞĞƐĂƚĂůůůĞǀĞůƐ

Apparel and Footwear tŝƚŚĞǆƚĞŶƐŝǀĞƐƵƉƉůǇĐŚĂŝŶĂŶĚŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌŝŶŐĐŚĂŶŶĞůƐŝŶŵƵůƟƉůĞƵƐƵĂůůǇƵŶĚĞƌĚĞǀĞůŽƉĞĚĐŽƵŶƚƌŝĞƐŝƚĐĂŶďĞĚŝĸĐƵůƚĨŽƌĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐƚŽŵŽŶŝƚŽƌƚŚĞŝƌŵĂŶǇŽƵƚůĞƚƐŶĐƌĞĂƐĞĚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐŽĨƚŚĞǁĂǇƐƚŚĂƚƐůĂǀĞƌǇĐĂŶĂƉƉĞĂƌŝŶƐƵƉƉůǇĐŚĂŝŶƐŝƐǀŝƚĂůƚŽĞīĞĐƟŶŐĐŚĂŶŐĞƐƐƵĞƐŽĨŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŝŶŐƌŝƐŬĂƐƐĞƐƐŵĞŶƚƚŽŽůƐƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚŝǌŝŶŐĂƵĚŝƟŶŐŵĞƚŚŽĚƐĂŶĚĂƉƉƌŽĂĐŚĞƐĐŽŶƐŽůŝĚĂƟŶŐŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĐŽůůĞĐƚĞĚĨƌŽŵĂƵĚŝƚƐĂĐƌŽƐƐŝŶĚƵƐƚƌŝĞƐĂŶĚŝŵƉƌŽǀŝŶŐĐŽŵŵƵŶŝĐĂƟŽŶǁŝƚŚŝŶĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐĂĐƌŽƐƐĚŝǀŝƐŝŽŶƐ

Retail ŶǇĂŵŽƵŶƚŽĨƉƌŽĚƵĐƚƐŽůĚƚŚĂƚŝƐĨŽƵŶĚƚŽŚĂǀĞĂůŝŶŬǁŝƚŚŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇŽƌĐŚŝůĚůĂďŽƵƌƉƵƚƐĂƌĞƚĂŝůĞƌŝŶĂƉŽƐŝƟŽŶŽĨůŝĂďŝůŝƚǇĂŶĚŚƵŐĞƌĞƉƵƚĂƟŽŶƌŝƐŬhƌŐĞĚďǇƉƵďůŝĐƉƌĞƐƐƵƌĞĂŶĚƚŚĞŶĞĞĚƚŽƐĂĨĞŐƵĂƌĚƚŚĞŝƌďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐĞƐŵĂŶǇŽĨƚŚĞďŝŐŐĞƐƚƌĞƚĂŝůĞƌƐǁŽƌůĚǁŝĚĞŚĂǀĞĞŶŐĂŐĞĚŝŶŵŽŶŝƚŽƌŝŶŐĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐƐƐƵĞƐŽĨŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚŝŶĐůƵĚĞƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐŚŽǁƚŽŝŶĨŽƌŵĂŶĚĞĚƵĐĂƚĞƐƵƉƉůŝĞƌƐŚŽǁƚŽŝĚĞŶƟĨǇƚŚĞďŽƵŶĚĂƌŝĞƐŽĨƐƵƉƉůǇĐŚĂŝŶŝŶǀŽůǀĞŵĞŶƚĂŶĚŚŽǁƚŽƌĞƐƉŽŶĚƚŽŶĂŵŝŶŐĂŶĚƐŚĂŵŝŶŐ

HospitalitydŚĞƌĞĂƌĞĚŽǌĞŶƐŽĨƚŽƵĐŚƉŽŝŶƚƐǁŚĞƌĞŚƵŵĂŶƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐĐĂŶŽĐĐƵƌŝŶƚŚĞŚŽƐƉŝƚĂůŝƚǇŝŶĚƵƐƚƌǇƐƚĂīƌĞĐƌƵŝƚŵĞŶƚĂŶĚĨŽŽĚƐŽƵƌĐŝŶŐĂƌĞŽŶůǇƐŽŵĞŽĨƚŚĞŵƵĞƚŽƚŚĞǀĂƐƚƐŝǌĞŽĨƚŚĞŝŶĚƵƐƚƌǇ ĞƌĂĚŝĐĂƟŶŐƚŚŝƐŝƐƐƵĞŚĂƐƚŚĞƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůƚŽĂīĞĐƚŚƵŶĚƌĞĚƐŽĨƚŚŽƵƐĂŶĚƐŽĨůŝǀĞƐƐƐƵĞƐŽĨŝŶƚĞƌĞƐƚŝŶĐůƵĚĞŚŽǁƚŽƚƌĂŝŶƐƚĂīĂƚĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚůĞǀĞůƐŚŽǁƚŽĂĚĚƌĞƐƐƚŚĞĨŽƵƌƉŽƚĞŶƟĂůǀƵůŶĞƌĂďŝůŝƟĞƐǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞŚŽƚĞůŝŶĚƵƐƚƌǇŝĞĨŽƌĐĞĚƉƌŽƐƟƚƵƟŽŶĨŽƌĐĞĚůĂďŽƵƌǁŝƚŚŝŶƐƵƉƉůǇĐŚĂŝŶƐƐĞƌǀŝĐĞĐŽŶƚƌĂĐƚƐĂŶĚĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶͿĂŶĚŚŽǁƚŽĚĞǀĞůŽƉƐƚĂŶĚĂƌĚŝǌĞĚƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐĂĐƌŽƐƐŚŽƚĞůĐŚĂŝŶƐ


FOUR INDUSTRY WORKING GROUPSAs an the Mekong Club targets four industry working groups They includethe following

Financial Services Annual from modern-day slavery are to be US$150billion most of which goes through the global banking system Being on the front lineof the services industry has a advantage in beingable to suspicious Issues of interest include the importance of using bigdata to help ldquored understanding criminal to develop systems totrack this and the importance of training to reach employees at all levels

Apparel and Footwear With extensive supply chain and manufacturing channels inusually underdeveloped countries it can be for companies to monitor

their many outlets Increased understanding of the ways that slavery can appear in supplychains is vital to change Issues of interest include developing risk assessmenttools standardizing methods and approachescollected from audits across industries and improving within companiesacross divisions

Retail Any amount of product sold that is found to have a link with modern slaveryor child labour puts a retailer in a of liability and huge risk Urgedby public pressure and the need to safeguard their businesses many of the biggestretailers worldwide have engaged in monitoring Issues of interest includeunderstanding how to inform and educate suppliers how to the boundaries ofsupply chain involvement and how to respond to naming and shaming

Hospitality There are dozens of touch points where human can occur in thehospitality industry recruitment and food sourcing are only some of them Due tothe vast size of the industry this issue has the to hundredsof thousands of lives Issues of interest include how to train at levelshow to address the four within the hotel industry (ie forcedpr forced labour within supply chains service contracts and andhow to develop standardized responses across hotel chains

34


Access to Tools and Initiatives

Practical guidance on best practices and successful case studies related to your industry

Knowledge Hub An online centre of regularly updated information on the relationship between modern slavery and the private sector

ĞgtĞĂƌŶŝŶŐŽƵƌƐĞƐĞƌŝĞƐŽĨĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶĂůǀŝĚĞŽƐĂŶĚŝŶĨŽŐƌĂƉŚŝĐƐ ƚĂŝůŽƌĞĚĨŽƌĂďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐĂƵĚŝĞŶĐĞ

Access to anti-slavery initiatives and practices across a wide range of sectors and industries

A range of technical logistical and support services to aid businesses in their efforts to address slavery

The knowledge and expertise of the Mekong Club and global slavery issue experts for advisory services where required

Access to Industry - Specific Working Groups

Quarterly practitioner-focused meetings on key issues trends with expert speakers and closed-door sharing

Potential for joint action advocacy Opportunities for networking and best practice sharing with experts in

the field of modern slavery and practitioners focused on this issue

WHAT DOES MEKONG CLUB MEMBERSHIP OFFERĞůŽǁŝƐĂƐƵŵŵĂƌǇŽĨƚŚĞďĞŶĞĮƚƐŽīĞƌĞĚƚŽŵĞŵďĞƌƐŽĨƚŚĞDĞŬŽŶŐůƵď

35

8The Mekong Club | Modern Slavery An Introduction Resource Guide

BASIC PILLARS OF ACTIVITY

MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP



The Mekong Club Associa n is centred on four ldquopillars ofac vityrdquo These represent core ini a ves that are used tostrategically collect informa analyze it and apply it tothe process of bringing about change The inter-rela pbetween these ac vi s o ers opportuni es for companies tolearn share and apply the lessons learnedbest prac ces thatare used in the process Below is a summary

MUTUAL LEARNING Each network will meet to convenefour scheduled working group sessionsover the course of each year that willfocus on content best toolsand approaches based onneeds and challenges to thatindustry The closed doorsharing nature of the network allows fornetworking and peer-to-peer mentoring

RESEARCH THOUGHTLEADERSHIP

The working groups will produce 1-2pieces of thought leadership each yearwhether industry or across theprivate sector as a whole

PROJECTS Projects may include products tools orto a industry

or across the private sector as a whole

ADVOCACY The Mekong Club represents the voice ofthe private sector when engaging withgovernments and other decision makerson issues to forced labour andmodern-day slavery

LEADERSHIP

ASSOCIATION The Mekong Club uses an Association model to bring four industry-specific working groups together This model encourages like-minded companies to share their experiences and work together in a safe environment

The Mekong Club helps to increase the influence of the private sector in stepping up and taking a leadership role We identify gaps in knowledge and actions related to modern slavery offer useful recommendations and encourage private sector partners to take a more active role

CORPORATE TOOLS The Mekong Club takes the recommendations made by the association members and operationalizes them with the help of technical experts in the field Once developed and tested these outputs are used to improve their responses to this issue

The objectives of these efforts are to create a general understanding of the issue to help companies understand the potential vulnerability to their business to desensitize the private sector and to encourage them to join the overall fight

AWARENESS AND ADVOCAY

CONCLUSIONStŝƚŚŽǀĞƌϯϬŵŝůůŝŽŶƉĞŽƉůĞůŝǀŝŶŐŝŶĐŽŶĚŝƟŽŶƐŽĨŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇŝŶƐŝĂWĂĐŝĮĐŝƚŝƐǀŝƚĂůƚŚĂƚĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐĚŽŝŶŐďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐŝŶƚŚĞƌĞŐŝŽŶĞŶŐĂŐĞĂůůƐƚĂŬĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐĨƌŽŵƐƚĂīƚŽƐŚĂƌĞŚŽůĚĞƌƐŝŶĐƌĞĂƟŶŐĂǁĂƌĞŶĞƐƐŽĨƚŚĞĐŽŵƉůĞǆŝƚǇŽĨƚŚĞƉƌŽďůĞŵǇĞŶƐƵƌŝŶŐƚŚĂƚǇŽƵƌĐŽŵƉĂŶǇŚĂƐĂƚŚŽƌŽƵŐŚƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚŝŶŐŽĨŚŽǁƚŚĞĚǇŶĂŵŝĐƐŽĨŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇĐĂŶĞŶĐƌŽĂĐŚŽŶǇŽƵƌďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐƉƌŽĐĞƐƐĞƐĂŶĚĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞŝŵĂŐĞĞīĞĐƟǀĞƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐĐĂŶďĞĐƌĂŌĞĚƚŚĂƚǁŝůůĞůŝŵŝŶĂƚĞĚƵďŝŽƵƐƉƌĂĐƟĐĞƐŝŶǇŽƵƌƐƵƉƉůǇĐŚĂŝŶĂŶĚƚŚƵƐŵŝƟŐĂƚĞƌŝƐŬ

DŽƌĞŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚůǇƚŚŽƵŐŚďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐĞƐŶĞĞĚƚŽƵŶĚĞƌƐƚĂŶĚƚŚĂƚĮŐŚƟŶŐŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇŝƐĂŶŽŶŐŽŝŶŐƉƌŽĐĞƐƐƚŚĂƚĚĞŵĂŶĚƐŽŶĂŵŝĐƌŽůĞǀĞůĂĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞĐŽŵƉĂŶǇƐƚƌĂƚĞŐǇ ĂŶĚŽŶĂŵĂĐƌŽůĞǀĞůĂĚĞĚŝĐĂƚĞĚŝŶĚƵƐƚƌǇĐŽŵŵŝƚŵĞŶƚ

ĞĮŶĞǁŚĂƚŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇŝƐĂŶĚŚŽǁŝƚĨƵŶĐƟŽŶƐ YƵĂŶƟĨǇƚŚĞŝŶĐŝĚĞŶĐĞŽĨŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇĂĐƌŽƐƐƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ KƵƚůŝŶĞƚŚĞƚĞƌŵƐĚĞĮŶŝƟŽŶƐĂŶĚƚĞƌŵŝŶŽůŽŐǇƵƐĞĚŝŶƌĞůĞǀĂŶƚŝŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůůĞŐŝƐůĂƟŽŶƚŚĂƚƚĂƌŐĞƚƐŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇ

ĞďƵŶŬƐŽŵĞŽĨƚŚĞĐŽŵŵŽŶŵǇƚŚƐĂƐƐŽĐŝĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇ

ĞƐĐƌŝďĞƚŚĞĐƌŝŵŝŶĂůĐŚĂŝŶďǇŝĚĞŶƟĨǇŝŶŐƚŚĞŬĞǇƚƌĂŶƐŐƌĞƐƐŽƌƐŝŶĂǀĂƌŝĞƚǇŽĨĐŽŶƚĞǆƚƐ

KƵƚůŝŶĞƚŚĞƌĂŶŐĞŽĨƚƌĂĚŝƟŽŶĂůƌĞƐƉŽŶƐĞƐŝŶƉůĂĐĞƚŽĐŽŵďĂƚŵŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇ

DŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇƉŽƐĞƐĂŐƌĞĂƚƌŝƐŬŶŽƚŽŶůǇƚŽƚŚĞǁĞůĨĂƌĞŽĨŝŶĚŝǀŝĚƵĂůƐďƵƚĂůƐŽƚŽƚŚĞƐƵƌǀŝǀĂůŽĨďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐĞƐƵĞŝƚƐĐůĂŶĚĞƐƟŶĞŶĂƚƵƌĞŝƚŝƐŽŌĞŶĚŝĸĐƵůƚĨŽƌďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐƚŽŝĚĞŶƟĨǇƚŚĞƐĞƌŝƐŬƐŶƚŚĞŶĞǆƚŵŽĚƵůĞĂŶŝŶͲĚĞƉƚŚĂŶĂůǇƐŝƐǁŝůůďĞŐŝǀĞŶŽĨƚŚĞƚǇƉĞƐŽĨƌŝƐŬĐŽŵƉĂŶŝĞƐĂƌĞĞǆƉŽƐĞĚƚŽ

39 The Mekong Club | Modern Slavery An Introduction

CONCLUSIONSWith over 30 million people living in of modern slavery in Asia it isvital that companies doing business in the region engage all stakeholders fromto shareholders in awareness of the complexity of the problem By ensuringthat your company has a thorough understanding of how the dynamics of modernslavery can encroach on your business processes and corporate imageresponses can be that will eliminate dubious in your supplychain and thus risk

More importantly though businesses need to understand thatmodern slavery is an ongoing process that demands on a micro levela comprehensive company strategy and on a macro level a dedicatedindustry commitment

With this resource manual we aimed to

eDe what modern slavery is and how iteQuan the incidence of modern slavery across the worldeOutline the terms and terminology used in relevant

in that targets modern slaveryeDebunk some of the common myths associated with modern

slaverye Describe the criminal chain by the key

transgressors in a variety of contextse Outline the range of responses in place to

combat modern slavery

Modern slavery poses a great risk not only to thewelfare of individuals but also to the survival ofbusinesses Due its nature it is

for business to these risks TheMekong Clubrsquos mission is to inspire businesses to tackle this global crime











for business to these risks The Mekong Clubrsquos mission is to inspire businesses to tackle this global crime

























REFERENCESϭ dŚĞŵƉĂĐƚŽĨůŽďĂůŝǌĂƟŽŶŽŶŽŵƉůŝĂŶĐĞǁŝƚŚgtĂďŽƌ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐWůĂŶƚͲgtĞǀĞů^ƚƵĚǇŶŶĂƌƌŝƐŽŶhĞƌŬĞůĞǇĂŶĚEZͿĂŶĚĂƐŽŶ^ĐŽƌƐĞ

hĞƌŬĞůĞǇͿƵůǇϮϬϬϯϮ dŚĞůŽďĂů^ůĂǀĞƌǇŶĚĞǆϮϬϭϲϯ ǁĂƐĂŵŽĚĞƌŶͲĚĂǇƐůĂǀĞŝŶŵĞƌŝĐĂEEDŽŶĞǇϮϬϭϯϰ DŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞŵŝŐƌĂŶƚƐƚŽŝůŝŶƚĂůǇƐƚŽŵĂƚŽĮĞůĚƐZĞƵƚĞƌƐϮϬϬϵϱ DŽĚĞƌŶƐůĂǀĞƌǇĂŶĚŚƵŵĂŶƚƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐŽŶƚŚĞƌŝƐĞŝŶhltdŚĞƵĂƌĚŝĂŶϮϬϭϲϲ dŚĞůŽďĂů^ůĂǀĞƌǇŶĚĞǆϮϬϭϲϳ ůŽďĂůƐƟŵĂƚĞŽĨampŽƌĐĞĚgtĂďŽƵƌZĞƐƵůƚƐĂŶĚDĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐǇgtKĞŶĞǀĂϮϬϭϮϴ ůŽďĂůƐƟŵĂƚĞŽĨampŽƌĐĞĚgtĂďŽƵƌZĞƐƵůƚƐĂŶĚDĞƚŚŽĚŽůŽŐǇgtKĞŶĞǀĂϮϬϭϮϵ dŚĞdƌĂŶƐĂƚůĂŶƟĐ^ůĂǀĞdƌĂĚĞďĂŐŽŶŐWĞĂƌƐŽŶĚƵĐĂƟŽŶŶĐDĂǇϮϬϭϬϭϬDĞŬŽŶŐZĞŐŝŽŶƵŵĂŶdƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐĂƚĂ^ŚĞĞƚƐ^ZE^ĞƌŝĞƐhEW ϮϬϭϬϭϭ ŶƚĞƌŶĂůŽĐƵŵĞŶƚhEW ϮϬϬϴϭϮDĞŬŽŶŐZĞŐŝŽŶƵŵĂŶdƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐĂƚĂ^ŚĞĞƚƐ^ZE^ĞƌŝĞƐhEW ϮϬϭϬϭϯ ĂƌǀĂƌĚŶƚĞƌŶĂƟŽŶĂůZĞǀŝĞǁtŝŶŶŝŶŐƚŚĞampŝŐŚƚϯϭϭͿ^ƉƌŝŶŐϮϬϬϵltĞǀŝŶĂůĞƐŝŶƚĞƌǀŝĞǁϭϰ WĂůĞƌŵŽWƌŽƚŽĐŽůWƌŽƚŽĐŽůƚŽWƌĞǀĞŶƚ^ƵƉƉƌĞƐƐĂŶĚWƵŶŝƐŚdƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐŝŶWĞƌƐŽŶƐƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇtŽŵĞŶĂŶĚŚŝůĚƌĞŶƐƵƉƉůĞŵĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞhŶŝƚĞĚ

EĂƟŽŶƐŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶĂŐĂŝŶƐƚdƌĂŶƐŶĂƟŽŶĂůKƌŐĂŶŝǌĞĚƌŝŵĞϭϱ ^ůĂǀĞƌǇŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶϭϵϮϲϭϲModern Slavery Act 2015ϭϳ ^ůĂǀĞƌǇŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶϭϵϮϲϭϴ ĞůůĂŐŝŽͲĂƌǀĂƌĚƵŝĚĞůŝŶĞƐŽŶƚŚĞgtĞŐĂůWĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐŽĨ^ůĂǀĞƌǇϭϵ WĂůĞƌŵŽWƌŽƚŽĐŽůWƌŽƚŽĐŽůƚŽWƌĞǀĞŶƚ^ƵƉƉƌĞƐƐĂŶĚWƵŶŝƐŚdƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐŝŶWĞƌƐŽŶƐƐƉĞĐŝĂůůǇtŽŵĞŶĂŶĚŚŝůĚƌĞŶƐƵƉƉůĞŵĞŶƟŶŐƚŚĞhŶŝƚĞĚ

EĂƟŽŶƐŽŶǀĞŶƟŽŶĂŐĂŝŶƐƚdƌĂŶƐŶĂƟŽŶĂůKƌŐĂŶŝǌĞĚƌŝŵĞϮϬDĞŬŽŶŐůƵďŽŵƉůŝĂŶĐĞdƌĂŝŶŝŶŐDĂŶƵƐĐƌŝƉƚϮϬϭϯϮϭDĞŬŽŶŐůƵďŽŵƉůŝĂŶĐĞdƌĂŝŶŝŶŐDĂŶƵƐĐƌŝƉƚϮϬϭϯϮϮ h^^ƚĂƚĞĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐŶŶƵĂůdƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐŝŶWĞƌƐŽŶƐZĞƉŽƌƚϮϬϭϭͿϮϯ h^^ƚĂƚĞĞƉĂƌƚŵĞŶƚƐŶŶƵĂůdƌĂĸĐŬŝŶŐŝŶWĞƌƐŽŶƐZĞƉŽƌƚϮϬϭϲͿϮϰ ƐƟŵĂƚĞƐŽĨDŽĚĞƌŶ^ůĂǀĞƌǇŽŶŽƌǆƉĞŶĚŝƚƵƌĞƐŶƚĞƌŶĂůŽĐƵŵĞŶƚhEW ϮϬϭϮ

38

Background

WHY A RESOURCE MANUAL


Hearing Victimsrsquo VoicesThe Cases

Modern Slavery

An Overview of the Data

What Makes up Modern Slavery Today





CONCLUSIONS

References

3

4

7

14

19

23

24

26

37

INDEX

Background

Hearing VictimsVoices The Cases

Modern Slavery An Overview of the Data

What Makes Up Modern Slavery Today






38

Conclusions

References


MODERN SLAVERY AN INTRODUCTION

33






























4







11








PLANTATION


















GLOBAL OVERVIEW








THE AMERICAS

2168600


RUSSIA AND EURASIA

ϮϴϬϵϳϬϬ

ASIA PACIFIC

ϯϬϰϯϱϯϬϬ

EUROPE

1243400

gtKt



2936800


SLAVERY BY COUNTRY




DR CONGO873100

PAKISTAN2134900

BANGLADESH1531300

CHINA3388400

INDONESIA736100

NIGERIA875500

RUSSIA1048500

INDIA18354700

NORTH KOREA1100000

UZBEKISTAN1236600





15




DR CONGO873100

PAKISTAN2134900

BANGLADESH1531300

CHINA3388400

INDONESIA736100

NIGERIA875500

RUSSIA1048500

INDIA18354700

NORTH KOREA1100000

UZBEKISTAN1236600


Highest rates

North Korea 437



SLAVERY BY COUNTRY










RATE OF SLAVERY







Forced Labour


75

76

25

24 Adults

Children





AFRICAWEST

INDIES

CENTRALAMERICA

NORTHAMERICA

SOUTHAMERICA

ATLANTICOCEAN

PACIFICOCEAN


TO EUROPE03 MILLION

05 MILLION

5 MILLION

05 MILLION

05 MILLION

45 MILLION









CHINA

VIETNAM

MIDDLEEAST

USA

EUROPE

LAOS

THAILAND

MYANMAR

CAMBODIA

MALAYSIA

Labour

Sex

Both













EXAMPLE


20










asked for in return





terrible price











EXAMPLE













DEBTCREDIT BONDAGE



EXAMPLE




EXAMPLE






$40000

$100

Ŷ2014


ABDUCTION

































DEFINITION ^ZWdKE

TRADITIONAL ^gtsZz


KEdZd^gtsZz


BONDED LABOUR




HUMAN dZampampltE











SLAVERYMARKERS

Withholding Wages



ŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ




ŝddKamp


ŝŝzDE^Kamp



EXPLOITATION


































Dzd Zgtdz






















24

ZDEgt^ ampKZLABOUR

ampKZPROSTITUTION





Public transport



























WKgtz


26











Government


Private Sector

ŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐ












Government


Private Sector

Consumers

27

























28





































c



29






































30

















998


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

20000

10000


31




REASON EXPLANATION






^hWWgtzEdZE^WZEzgtt


32


VISION AND MISSION


















34














35



MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP










LEADERSHIP































































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References






























4







11








PLANTATION


















GLOBAL OVERVIEW








THE AMERICAS

2168600


RUSSIA AND EURASIA

ϮϴϬϵϳϬϬ

ASIA PACIFIC

ϯϬϰϯϱϯϬϬ

EUROPE

1243400

gtKt



2936800


SLAVERY BY COUNTRY




DR CONGO873100

PAKISTAN2134900

BANGLADESH1531300

CHINA3388400

INDONESIA736100

NIGERIA875500

RUSSIA1048500

INDIA18354700

NORTH KOREA1100000

UZBEKISTAN1236600





15




DR CONGO873100

PAKISTAN2134900

BANGLADESH1531300

CHINA3388400

INDONESIA736100

NIGERIA875500

RUSSIA1048500

INDIA18354700

NORTH KOREA1100000

UZBEKISTAN1236600


Highest rates

North Korea 437



SLAVERY BY COUNTRY










RATE OF SLAVERY







Forced Labour


75

76

25

24 Adults

Children





AFRICAWEST

INDIES

CENTRALAMERICA

NORTHAMERICA

SOUTHAMERICA

ATLANTICOCEAN

PACIFICOCEAN


TO EUROPE03 MILLION

05 MILLION

5 MILLION

05 MILLION

05 MILLION

45 MILLION









CHINA

VIETNAM

MIDDLEEAST

USA

EUROPE

LAOS

THAILAND

MYANMAR

CAMBODIA

MALAYSIA

Labour

Sex

Both













EXAMPLE


20










asked for in return





terrible price











EXAMPLE













DEBTCREDIT BONDAGE



EXAMPLE




EXAMPLE






$40000

$100

Ŷ2014


ABDUCTION

































DEFINITION ^ZWdKE

TRADITIONAL ^gtsZz


KEdZd^gtsZz


BONDED LABOUR




HUMAN dZampampltE











SLAVERYMARKERS

Withholding Wages



ŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ




ŝddKamp


ŝŝzDE^Kamp



EXPLOITATION


































Dzd Zgtdz






















24

ZDEgt^ ampKZLABOUR

ampKZPROSTITUTION





Public transport



























WKgtz


26











Government


Private Sector

ŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐ












Government


Private Sector

Consumers

27

























28





































c



29






































30

















998


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

20000

10000


31




REASON EXPLANATION






^hWWgtzEdZE^WZEzgtt


32


VISION AND MISSION


















34














35



MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP










LEADERSHIP































































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References







11








PLANTATION


















GLOBAL OVERVIEW








THE AMERICAS

2168600


RUSSIA AND EURASIA

ϮϴϬϵϳϬϬ

ASIA PACIFIC

ϯϬϰϯϱϯϬϬ

EUROPE

1243400

gtKt



2936800


SLAVERY BY COUNTRY




DR CONGO873100

PAKISTAN2134900

BANGLADESH1531300

CHINA3388400

INDONESIA736100

NIGERIA875500

RUSSIA1048500

INDIA18354700

NORTH KOREA1100000

UZBEKISTAN1236600





15




DR CONGO873100

PAKISTAN2134900

BANGLADESH1531300

CHINA3388400

INDONESIA736100

NIGERIA875500

RUSSIA1048500

INDIA18354700

NORTH KOREA1100000

UZBEKISTAN1236600


Highest rates

North Korea 437



SLAVERY BY COUNTRY










RATE OF SLAVERY







Forced Labour


75

76

25

24 Adults

Children





AFRICAWEST

INDIES

CENTRALAMERICA

NORTHAMERICA

SOUTHAMERICA

ATLANTICOCEAN

PACIFICOCEAN


TO EUROPE03 MILLION

05 MILLION

5 MILLION

05 MILLION

05 MILLION

45 MILLION









CHINA

VIETNAM

MIDDLEEAST

USA

EUROPE

LAOS

THAILAND

MYANMAR

CAMBODIA

MALAYSIA

Labour

Sex

Both













EXAMPLE


20










asked for in return





terrible price











EXAMPLE













DEBTCREDIT BONDAGE



EXAMPLE




EXAMPLE






$40000

$100

Ŷ2014


ABDUCTION

































DEFINITION ^ZWdKE

TRADITIONAL ^gtsZz


KEdZd^gtsZz


BONDED LABOUR




HUMAN dZampampltE











SLAVERYMARKERS

Withholding Wages



ŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ




ŝddKamp


ŝŝzDE^Kamp



EXPLOITATION


































Dzd Zgtdz






















24

ZDEgt^ ampKZLABOUR

ampKZPROSTITUTION





Public transport



























WKgtz


26











Government


Private Sector

ŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐ












Government


Private Sector

Consumers

27

























28





































c



29






































30

















998


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

20000

10000


31




REASON EXPLANATION






^hWWgtzEdZE^WZEzgtt


32


VISION AND MISSION


















34














35



MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP










LEADERSHIP































































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References











GLOBAL OVERVIEW








THE AMERICAS

2168600


RUSSIA AND EURASIA

ϮϴϬϵϳϬϬ

ASIA PACIFIC

ϯϬϰϯϱϯϬϬ

EUROPE

1243400

gtKt



2936800


SLAVERY BY COUNTRY




DR CONGO873100

PAKISTAN2134900

BANGLADESH1531300

CHINA3388400

INDONESIA736100

NIGERIA875500

RUSSIA1048500

INDIA18354700

NORTH KOREA1100000

UZBEKISTAN1236600





15




DR CONGO873100

PAKISTAN2134900

BANGLADESH1531300

CHINA3388400

INDONESIA736100

NIGERIA875500

RUSSIA1048500

INDIA18354700

NORTH KOREA1100000

UZBEKISTAN1236600


Highest rates

North Korea 437



SLAVERY BY COUNTRY










RATE OF SLAVERY







Forced Labour


75

76

25

24 Adults

Children





AFRICAWEST

INDIES

CENTRALAMERICA

NORTHAMERICA

SOUTHAMERICA

ATLANTICOCEAN

PACIFICOCEAN


TO EUROPE03 MILLION

05 MILLION

5 MILLION

05 MILLION

05 MILLION

45 MILLION









CHINA

VIETNAM

MIDDLEEAST

USA

EUROPE

LAOS

THAILAND

MYANMAR

CAMBODIA

MALAYSIA

Labour

Sex

Both













EXAMPLE


20










asked for in return





terrible price











EXAMPLE













DEBTCREDIT BONDAGE



EXAMPLE




EXAMPLE






$40000

$100

Ŷ2014


ABDUCTION

































DEFINITION ^ZWdKE

TRADITIONAL ^gtsZz


KEdZd^gtsZz


BONDED LABOUR




HUMAN dZampampltE











SLAVERYMARKERS

Withholding Wages



ŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ




ŝddKamp


ŝŝzDE^Kamp



EXPLOITATION


































Dzd Zgtdz






















24

ZDEgt^ ampKZLABOUR

ampKZPROSTITUTION





Public transport



























WKgtz


26











Government


Private Sector

ŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐ












Government


Private Sector

Consumers

27

























28





































c



29






































30

















998


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

20000

10000


31




REASON EXPLANATION






^hWWgtzEdZE^WZEzgtt


32


VISION AND MISSION


















34














35



MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP










LEADERSHIP































































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References


THE AMERICAS

2168600


RUSSIA AND EURASIA

ϮϴϬϵϳϬϬ

ASIA PACIFIC

ϯϬϰϯϱϯϬϬ

EUROPE

1243400

gtKt



2936800


SLAVERY BY COUNTRY




DR CONGO873100

PAKISTAN2134900

BANGLADESH1531300

CHINA3388400

INDONESIA736100

NIGERIA875500

RUSSIA1048500

INDIA18354700

NORTH KOREA1100000

UZBEKISTAN1236600





15




DR CONGO873100

PAKISTAN2134900

BANGLADESH1531300

CHINA3388400

INDONESIA736100

NIGERIA875500

RUSSIA1048500

INDIA18354700

NORTH KOREA1100000

UZBEKISTAN1236600


Highest rates

North Korea 437



SLAVERY BY COUNTRY










RATE OF SLAVERY







Forced Labour


75

76

25

24 Adults

Children





AFRICAWEST

INDIES

CENTRALAMERICA

NORTHAMERICA

SOUTHAMERICA

ATLANTICOCEAN

PACIFICOCEAN


TO EUROPE03 MILLION

05 MILLION

5 MILLION

05 MILLION

05 MILLION

45 MILLION









CHINA

VIETNAM

MIDDLEEAST

USA

EUROPE

LAOS

THAILAND

MYANMAR

CAMBODIA

MALAYSIA

Labour

Sex

Both













EXAMPLE


20










asked for in return





terrible price











EXAMPLE













DEBTCREDIT BONDAGE



EXAMPLE




EXAMPLE






$40000

$100

Ŷ2014


ABDUCTION

































DEFINITION ^ZWdKE

TRADITIONAL ^gtsZz


KEdZd^gtsZz


BONDED LABOUR




HUMAN dZampampltE











SLAVERYMARKERS

Withholding Wages



ŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ




ŝddKamp


ŝŝzDE^Kamp



EXPLOITATION


































Dzd Zgtdz






















24

ZDEgt^ ampKZLABOUR

ampKZPROSTITUTION





Public transport



























WKgtz


26











Government


Private Sector

ŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐ












Government


Private Sector

Consumers

27

























28





































c



29






































30

















998


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

20000

10000


31




REASON EXPLANATION






^hWWgtzEdZE^WZEzgtt


32


VISION AND MISSION


















34














35



MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP










LEADERSHIP































































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References

SLAVERY BY COUNTRY




DR CONGO873100

PAKISTAN2134900

BANGLADESH1531300

CHINA3388400

INDONESIA736100

NIGERIA875500

RUSSIA1048500

INDIA18354700

NORTH KOREA1100000

UZBEKISTAN1236600





15




DR CONGO873100

PAKISTAN2134900

BANGLADESH1531300

CHINA3388400

INDONESIA736100

NIGERIA875500

RUSSIA1048500

INDIA18354700

NORTH KOREA1100000

UZBEKISTAN1236600


Highest rates

North Korea 437



SLAVERY BY COUNTRY










RATE OF SLAVERY







Forced Labour


75

76

25

24 Adults

Children





AFRICAWEST

INDIES

CENTRALAMERICA

NORTHAMERICA

SOUTHAMERICA

ATLANTICOCEAN

PACIFICOCEAN


TO EUROPE03 MILLION

05 MILLION

5 MILLION

05 MILLION

05 MILLION

45 MILLION









CHINA

VIETNAM

MIDDLEEAST

USA

EUROPE

LAOS

THAILAND

MYANMAR

CAMBODIA

MALAYSIA

Labour

Sex

Both













EXAMPLE


20










asked for in return





terrible price











EXAMPLE













DEBTCREDIT BONDAGE



EXAMPLE




EXAMPLE






$40000

$100

Ŷ2014


ABDUCTION

































DEFINITION ^ZWdKE

TRADITIONAL ^gtsZz


KEdZd^gtsZz


BONDED LABOUR




HUMAN dZampampltE











SLAVERYMARKERS

Withholding Wages



ŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ




ŝddKamp


ŝŝzDE^Kamp



EXPLOITATION


































Dzd Zgtdz






















24

ZDEgt^ ampKZLABOUR

ampKZPROSTITUTION





Public transport



























WKgtz


26











Government


Private Sector

ŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐ












Government


Private Sector

Consumers

27

























28





































c



29






































30

















998


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

20000

10000


31




REASON EXPLANATION






^hWWgtzEdZE^WZEzgtt


32


VISION AND MISSION


















34














35



MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP










LEADERSHIP































































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References


RATE OF SLAVERY







Forced Labour


75

76

25

24 Adults

Children





AFRICAWEST

INDIES

CENTRALAMERICA

NORTHAMERICA

SOUTHAMERICA

ATLANTICOCEAN

PACIFICOCEAN


TO EUROPE03 MILLION

05 MILLION

5 MILLION

05 MILLION

05 MILLION

45 MILLION









CHINA

VIETNAM

MIDDLEEAST

USA

EUROPE

LAOS

THAILAND

MYANMAR

CAMBODIA

MALAYSIA

Labour

Sex

Both













EXAMPLE


20










asked for in return





terrible price











EXAMPLE













DEBTCREDIT BONDAGE



EXAMPLE




EXAMPLE






$40000

$100

Ŷ2014


ABDUCTION

































DEFINITION ^ZWdKE

TRADITIONAL ^gtsZz


KEdZd^gtsZz


BONDED LABOUR




HUMAN dZampampltE











SLAVERYMARKERS

Withholding Wages



ŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ




ŝddKamp


ŝŝzDE^Kamp



EXPLOITATION


































Dzd Zgtdz






















24

ZDEgt^ ampKZLABOUR

ampKZPROSTITUTION





Public transport



























WKgtz


26











Government


Private Sector

ŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐ












Government


Private Sector

Consumers

27

























28





































c



29






































30

















998


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

20000

10000


31




REASON EXPLANATION






^hWWgtzEdZE^WZEzgtt


32


VISION AND MISSION


















34














35



MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP










LEADERSHIP































































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References



Forced Labour


75

76

25

24 Adults

Children





AFRICAWEST

INDIES

CENTRALAMERICA

NORTHAMERICA

SOUTHAMERICA

ATLANTICOCEAN

PACIFICOCEAN


TO EUROPE03 MILLION

05 MILLION

5 MILLION

05 MILLION

05 MILLION

45 MILLION









CHINA

VIETNAM

MIDDLEEAST

USA

EUROPE

LAOS

THAILAND

MYANMAR

CAMBODIA

MALAYSIA

Labour

Sex

Both













EXAMPLE


20










asked for in return





terrible price











EXAMPLE













DEBTCREDIT BONDAGE



EXAMPLE




EXAMPLE






$40000

$100

Ŷ2014


ABDUCTION

































DEFINITION ^ZWdKE

TRADITIONAL ^gtsZz


KEdZd^gtsZz


BONDED LABOUR




HUMAN dZampampltE











SLAVERYMARKERS

Withholding Wages



ŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ




ŝddKamp


ŝŝzDE^Kamp



EXPLOITATION


































Dzd Zgtdz






















24

ZDEgt^ ampKZLABOUR

ampKZPROSTITUTION





Public transport



























WKgtz


26











Government


Private Sector

ŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐ












Government


Private Sector

Consumers

27

























28





































c



29






































30

















998


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

20000

10000


31




REASON EXPLANATION






^hWWgtzEdZE^WZEzgtt


32


VISION AND MISSION


















34














35



MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP










LEADERSHIP































































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References








CHINA

VIETNAM

MIDDLEEAST

USA

EUROPE

LAOS

THAILAND

MYANMAR

CAMBODIA

MALAYSIA

Labour

Sex

Both













EXAMPLE


20










asked for in return





terrible price











EXAMPLE













DEBTCREDIT BONDAGE



EXAMPLE




EXAMPLE






$40000

$100

Ŷ2014


ABDUCTION

































DEFINITION ^ZWdKE

TRADITIONAL ^gtsZz


KEdZd^gtsZz


BONDED LABOUR




HUMAN dZampampltE











SLAVERYMARKERS

Withholding Wages



ŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ




ŝddKamp


ŝŝzDE^Kamp



EXPLOITATION


































Dzd Zgtdz






















24

ZDEgt^ ampKZLABOUR

ampKZPROSTITUTION





Public transport



























WKgtz


26











Government


Private Sector

ŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐ












Government


Private Sector

Consumers

27

























28





































c



29






































30

















998


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

20000

10000


31




REASON EXPLANATION






^hWWgtzEdZE^WZEzgtt


32


VISION AND MISSION


















34














35



MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP










LEADERSHIP































































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References











EXAMPLE


20










asked for in return





terrible price











EXAMPLE













DEBTCREDIT BONDAGE



EXAMPLE




EXAMPLE






$40000

$100

Ŷ2014


ABDUCTION

































DEFINITION ^ZWdKE

TRADITIONAL ^gtsZz


KEdZd^gtsZz


BONDED LABOUR




HUMAN dZampampltE











SLAVERYMARKERS

Withholding Wages



ŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ




ŝddKamp


ŝŝzDE^Kamp



EXPLOITATION


































Dzd Zgtdz






















24

ZDEgt^ ampKZLABOUR

ampKZPROSTITUTION





Public transport



























WKgtz


26











Government


Private Sector

ŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐ












Government


Private Sector

Consumers

27

























28





































c



29






































30

















998


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

20000

10000


31




REASON EXPLANATION






^hWWgtzEdZE^WZEzgtt


32


VISION AND MISSION


















34














35



MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP










LEADERSHIP































































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References

DEBTCREDIT BONDAGE



EXAMPLE




EXAMPLE






$40000

$100

Ŷ2014


ABDUCTION

































DEFINITION ^ZWdKE

TRADITIONAL ^gtsZz


KEdZd^gtsZz


BONDED LABOUR




HUMAN dZampampltE











SLAVERYMARKERS

Withholding Wages



ŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ




ŝddKamp


ŝŝzDE^Kamp



EXPLOITATION


































Dzd Zgtdz






















24

ZDEgt^ ampKZLABOUR

ampKZPROSTITUTION





Public transport



























WKgtz


26











Government


Private Sector

ŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐ












Government


Private Sector

Consumers

27

























28





































c



29






































30

















998


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

20000

10000


31




REASON EXPLANATION






^hWWgtzEdZE^WZEzgtt


32


VISION AND MISSION


















34














35



MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP










LEADERSHIP































































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References


EXAMPLE






$40000

$100

Ŷ2014


ABDUCTION

































DEFINITION ^ZWdKE

TRADITIONAL ^gtsZz


KEdZd^gtsZz


BONDED LABOUR




HUMAN dZampampltE











SLAVERYMARKERS

Withholding Wages



ŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ




ŝddKamp


ŝŝzDE^Kamp



EXPLOITATION


































Dzd Zgtdz






















24

ZDEgt^ ampKZLABOUR

ampKZPROSTITUTION





Public transport



























WKgtz


26











Government


Private Sector

ŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐ












Government


Private Sector

Consumers

27

























28





































c



29






































30

















998


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

20000

10000


31




REASON EXPLANATION






^hWWgtzEdZE^WZEzgtt


32


VISION AND MISSION


















34














35



MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP










LEADERSHIP































































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References

ABDUCTION

































DEFINITION ^ZWdKE

TRADITIONAL ^gtsZz


KEdZd^gtsZz


BONDED LABOUR




HUMAN dZampampltE











SLAVERYMARKERS

Withholding Wages



ŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ




ŝddKamp


ŝŝzDE^Kamp



EXPLOITATION


































Dzd Zgtdz






















24

ZDEgt^ ampKZLABOUR

ampKZPROSTITUTION





Public transport



























WKgtz


26











Government


Private Sector

ŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐ












Government


Private Sector

Consumers

27

























28





































c



29






































30

















998


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

20000

10000


31




REASON EXPLANATION






^hWWgtzEdZE^WZEzgtt


32


VISION AND MISSION


















34














35



MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP










LEADERSHIP































































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References






























DEFINITION ^ZWdKE

TRADITIONAL ^gtsZz


KEdZd^gtsZz


BONDED LABOUR




HUMAN dZampampltE











SLAVERYMARKERS

Withholding Wages



ŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ




ŝddKamp


ŝŝzDE^Kamp



EXPLOITATION


































Dzd Zgtdz






















24

ZDEgt^ ampKZLABOUR

ampKZPROSTITUTION





Public transport



























WKgtz


26











Government


Private Sector

ŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐ












Government


Private Sector

Consumers

27

























28





































c



29






































30

















998


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

20000

10000


31




REASON EXPLANATION






^hWWgtzEdZE^WZEzgtt


32


VISION AND MISSION


















34














35



MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP










LEADERSHIP































































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References









SLAVERYMARKERS

Withholding Wages



ŽĐƵŵĞŶƚƐ




ŝddKamp


ŝŝzDE^Kamp



EXPLOITATION


































Dzd Zgtdz






















24

ZDEgt^ ampKZLABOUR

ampKZPROSTITUTION





Public transport



























WKgtz


26











Government


Private Sector

ŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐ












Government


Private Sector

Consumers

27

























28





































c



29






































30

















998


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

20000

10000


31




REASON EXPLANATION






^hWWgtzEdZE^WZEzgtt


32


VISION AND MISSION


















34














35



MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP










LEADERSHIP































































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References































Dzd Zgtdz






















24

ZDEgt^ ampKZLABOUR

ampKZPROSTITUTION





Public transport



























WKgtz


26











Government


Private Sector

ŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐ












Government


Private Sector

Consumers

27

























28





































c



29






































30

















998


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

20000

10000


31




REASON EXPLANATION






^hWWgtzEdZE^WZEzgtt


32


VISION AND MISSION


















34














35



MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP










LEADERSHIP































































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References















24

ZDEgt^ ampKZLABOUR

ampKZPROSTITUTION





Public transport



























WKgtz


26











Government


Private Sector

ŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐ












Government


Private Sector

Consumers

27

























28





































c



29






































30

















998


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

20000

10000


31




REASON EXPLANATION






^hWWgtzEdZE^WZEzgtt


32


VISION AND MISSION


















34














35



MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP










LEADERSHIP































































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References

ZDEgt^ ampKZLABOUR

ampKZPROSTITUTION





Public transport



























WKgtz


26











Government


Private Sector

ŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐ












Government


Private Sector

Consumers

27

























28





































c



29






































30

















998


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

20000

10000


31




REASON EXPLANATION






^hWWgtzEdZE^WZEzgtt


32


VISION AND MISSION


















34














35



MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP










LEADERSHIP































































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References



















WKgtz


26











Government


Private Sector

ŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐ












Government


Private Sector

Consumers

27

























28





































c



29






































30

















998


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

20000

10000


31




REASON EXPLANATION






^hWWgtzEdZE^WZEzgtt


32


VISION AND MISSION


















34














35



MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP










LEADERSHIP































































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References











Government


Private Sector

ŽŶƐƵŵĞƌƐ












Government


Private Sector

Consumers

27

























28





































c



29






































30

















998


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

20000

10000


31




REASON EXPLANATION






^hWWgtzEdZE^WZEzgtt


32


VISION AND MISSION


















34














35



MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP










LEADERSHIP































































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References

























28





































c



29






































30

















998


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

20000

10000


31




REASON EXPLANATION






^hWWgtzEdZE^WZEzgtt


32


VISION AND MISSION


















34














35



MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP










LEADERSHIP































































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References





































c



29






































30

















998


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

20000

10000


31




REASON EXPLANATION






^hWWgtzEdZE^WZEzgtt


32


VISION AND MISSION


















34














35



MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP










LEADERSHIP































































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References






































30

















998


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

20000

10000


31




REASON EXPLANATION






^hWWgtzEdZE^WZEzgtt


32


VISION AND MISSION


















34














35



MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP










LEADERSHIP































































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References

















998


2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

20000

10000


31




REASON EXPLANATION






^hWWgtzEdZE^WZEzgtt


32


VISION AND MISSION


















34














35



MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP










LEADERSHIP































































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References




REASON EXPLANATION






^hWWgtzEdZE^WZEzgtt


32


VISION AND MISSION


















34














35



MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP










LEADERSHIP































































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References


VISION AND MISSION


















34














35



MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP










LEADERSHIP































































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References














34














35



MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP










LEADERSHIP































































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References














35



MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP










LEADERSHIP































































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References



MUTUAL LEARNING

LEADERSHIP










LEADERSHIP































































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References


























































38

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References

Background




Modern Slavery







CONCLUSIONS

References

Modern Slavery: An Introduction | RESPECT

Documents

Transcript of Modern Slavery: An Introduction | RESPECT