modern problems of nuclear physics

INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS UZ0602949

ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UZBEKISTAN

THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE

MODERN PROBLEMSOF NUCLEAR PHYSICS

September 19-22,2006Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan

MPNP'2006 INF-50

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICSACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UZBEKISTAN


MODERN PROBLEMSOF NUCLEAR PHYSICS

September 19-22, 2006Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Tashkent-2006


September 19-22, 2006, Tashkent, Uzbekistan,BOOK OF ABSTRACTS.- Tashkent, Institute of Nuclear Physics,

Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, -2006.-390p.

Institute of Nuclear Physics of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, 2006

SPONSORSOF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCEMODERN PROBLEMS OP NUCLEAR

PHYSICS

The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical

Physics, Trieste, Italy

Science and Technology Center in Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine

"CHEMOTRADE" GmH&Co.KG, Dusseldorf, GermanyLawrence Livermore National Laboratory

University of California, USA

Zimmermann BCS Stones LTD, Harxheim, Germany

Navoi Mining & Metallurgical Complex, Navoi, Uzbekistan

"RADIOPREPARAT" Enterprise, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Physical Technical Institute, Science Association "Physics-Sun", Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent,

Uzbekistan

Joint Venture "TEZINTOM", Tashkent, Uzbekistan

"TEZLATGICH" Enterprise, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Almalyk Mining & Metallurgical Complex, Almalyk,

Uzbekistan

Organizers thank the sponsors, authors of the reports andall participants for their contribution in success

of the conference

Dedicated to 50th anniversaryof Institute of Nuclear Physics

of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences


MODERN PROBLEMS OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS

September 19-22, 2006, Tashkent, Uzbekistan,

Organized byInstitute of Nuclear Physics,

Academy of Sciences, Uzbekistan

Ozbekiston Fanlar AkademiyasiYadro Fizikasi Instituti

50 yilligiga bag'ishlanadi

0LTJNCH1 XALQARO ANJUMANYADRO FISIKASINING HOZIRGI ZAMON

19-22 Sentyabr, 2006, Toshkent, Ozbekiston

Tashkilotchi:Yadro Fizikasi Instituti

Ozbekiston Fanlar Akademiyasi

INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD

V.Aksenov (JINR)D.Baye (Belgium)N.Birsen (Turkey)D.Blechschmidt (CERN)W.Burkart (IAEA)LBolshinsky (USA)M.Comsan (Egypt)B.Gabaraev (Russia)A.Garibov (Azerbaijan)B.Haas (France)V.Kadyshevsky 0INR)K.Kadyrjanov (Kazakhstan)F.Khanna (Canada)

M.Kirk (USA)V.Matveev (Russia)V.Ramamurthy (India)S.Randjbar-Daemi (ICTP)J.Richardson (USA)A.Sissakyan (JINR)H.Swyen (Germany)G.Thompson (ICTP)I.Vishnevsky (Ukraine)G.Voigt (IAEA)A.Wroblewski (Poland)T.Zhantikin (Kazakhstan)A.Zieminski (USA)

ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Chairman: B.YuldashevVice-Chairs: U. Salikhbaev, K.TurdalievSecretary: Z.Fazilova

M. AbdukayumovB.AkhmedovS.ArtemovS.BakievS.EgamedievM.FazylovI.GulamovA.DosimbaevN.JumaevE.IbragimovaM.KadyrovaZ.KhakimovA.KistZ.Kurbanova

S.LutpullaevSh.MakhkamovT.MuminovV.NavotnyR.RadyukI.SadykovR.SattarovaE.SergeevaM.TashmetovT.TillaevA.UmaralievR.YarmukhamedovKh.Yunusov

Secretariat of Conference:Institute of Nuclear Physics, Ulugbek, Tashkent, 100214, UzbekistanFAZILOVA Zekie,SERGEEVA ElenaTel.: (998712)/(3712) 60 61 41; 64 89 01; (99871)/(371)150 36 03Fax: (998712)/(3712) 64 25 90; (99871)/(371)150 30 80E-mail: conferences(g)jnp.uz; zekie(q)inp.uz;httn ://www.inp.u2/conf/index.htm

Dear Colleagues and Friends!

On behalf of the Organizing committee I am pleased very much to greet theparticipants of the VI international conference "Modern Problems of NuclearPhysics", which is organised by the Institute of Nuclear Physics AS RU and isdedicated to 50-th anniversary of the Institute of Nuclear Physics.

The history of our institute is tightly related to the foundation of the wide basicresearch in particle and nuclear physics and was also caused by fast development ofnuclear applications in various fields in 1950's. Since its organization in 1956 theInstitute has played important role in basic and applied researches and within theshort period of time become one of the leading nuclear centres not only in Uzbekistanbut also within the former Soviet Union, making significant contribution to particleand nuclear physics, material and reactor sciences, physics of condensed matter, spaceresearch, activation analysis and radiochemistry, scientific instrumentation and otherrelated areas, including the molecular biology, medicine, mining industry, geology,non-proliferation issues, safety and security of the country. That was possible due togreat personal contribution and commitment of our scientists, technical personnel andstudents. We are proud of them! Unfortunately some of them, to our deep regret, arenot able to celebrate this institute's anniversary due to passing to better world.

Today the Institute of Nuclear Physics with its five departments as well asbranch enterprises Radiopreparat, Tezlatgich and Special Design Bureau is the wholenuclear centre in which the basic and applied sciences are combined with productionof high-tech goods based on the results of research of our brilliant scientists andspecialists. And one should say that the every member of the staff of our institutefeels like living in one big family. We hope next fifty years will promote furtherdevelopment of our centre.

Our institute was and remains the initiator of the series of conferences called as"Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics". Starting from 1997, when we have organizedthe first of these meetings in Samarkand we then have been hosting every two yearsfive conferences in different cities of Uzbekistan. Those meetings, attended by manyleading scientists from different parts of the world, were able to provide fruitfuldiscussions of wide variety of basic and applied sciences, new technologies and othersubjects but most important result of those conferences is the creating scientific andfriendly relations which resulted eventually in joint projects and collaborations.

I hope very much that we will keep our traditions and attendees of thisconference, as usually, will have fruitful discussions, exchange ideas and willdetermine the main prospects of future development of nuclear sciences and theirapplications as well as will have a good chance to learn a little bit about our historyand culture.

Traditionally this conference is supported by sponsors from differentorganizations of various countries and on behalf of the organizing committee and thestaff of our institute I am pleased very much to acknowledge their support.

Best regards and good luck! y^ v

Academician Bekhzod YuldashevChairman of Organizing Committee

MPNP'2006

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sl§? The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MjPNP'2M6 INP-50

ACTIVATION ANALYSIS AT THE INSTITUTE OF NUCLEARPHYSICS OF UZBEKISTAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Aripov G.A., Bakiev S.A., Danilova E.A., Khaydarov R.A., Khataraov Sh.Kh.,Khudaybergenov U.Kh., Kist A.A.. Mukhammedov S.M., Mukhamedshina N.M.,

Pulatov D.D., Rakhmanov J., Sadikov I.I., Salikhbaev U.S., Sattarov G.S.,Tillaev T.S., Usmanova M.M., Yuldashev B.S., Zhuk L.I

Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, UzbekistanUZ0602950

One of the main scientific directions of the Institute of Nuclear Physics is the nuclearanalytical technique, especially, neutron activation analysis. The main objects of analysis arerocks, ores, water, pure materials and alloys, soil, fertilizers, plants, foods, biological liquids andtissues, etc. There were elaborated and are in use multielemental analytical techniques for thesesamples.

Using cyclotron (accelerated charged particles) the analytical techniques have beenelaborated especially for high sensitive determination of oxygen in various materials.

Using neutron generator rapid analytical techniques were elaborated for determination ofoxygen and other elements. Technique of determination of distribution of hydrogen nuclides isused in study material for thermal nuclear reactors.

High sensitive and productive technique of determination of gold and accompanyingelements were used in study of geochemistry of gold and gold prospecting. For geology andmining industry the automated system has been created for determination of gold and 10additional elements with the capacity of 70,000 samples of large grain size of ores and rocks peryear. For using of activation analysis in the field or at factories transportable system with nuclideneutron sources (252Cf and 124Sb-Be) has been constructed. There were also elaborated thetechniques of prompt gamma analysis for geology and mining industry.

If necessary to increase the sensitivity of determination there were elaborated techniqueswith radiochemical separation. These methods were used for studying of geochemistry ofelements of Pt group, lanthanides, gold and silver. As a result there were elaborated processes ofgold and silver extraction from wastes and Re, Sc, Te by production. These results allowed tocreate joint laboratories at gold producing factory, uranium producing factory, nonferrous metalsfactory, Ministry of geology, Ministry of internal affairs etc.

Studies of human liquids and tissues allowed to find significant correlations of humanelemental status and some diseases. Now this technique is used as an additional diagnostic tool.

The correlations were also found between soil elemental composition and cotton harvest.Mapping of the fields according to trace elements concentration in soil and addition of deficientelements allowed to increase significantly the cotton harvest.

Wide scale of work was carried out in the environment monitoring of background, impactand heavily contaminated areas.

At present within the STCU grant the radioanalytical center has been created which isequipped with modern devices. This allows to enhance the analytical capacity including theinternational programs.

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CATEGORY ANALYSIS:FROM BIOCHEMICAL MECHANICS TO ASTROPHYSICS

Mang HM Moskaliuk S.UZ0602951 University of Technology, Vienna, Austria

One of the main goals of this report is to bridge the gap between computer modelling andgroup analysis of nonlinear partial differential equations. But we can work with a category ofgroups rather than a Lie group. In view of the experience of the past development of the relationbetween mathematics, mechanics and physics, the categorical extension may be justified that oneday categoric structures will be as important as groups are today.

Also our aim is the application of the same category-theoretic methods in biochemicalmechanics and astrophysics.

As examples we consider the category analysis of material models for concrete, wood andreinforcing or prestressing steel, on the one hand, and process of the linear and circularpolarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation due to the quantum effects ofelectromagnetic field in anisotropic Bianchi-type cosmological models, on the other hand.

UZ0602952

NUCLEAR PHYSICS IN MINING INDUSTRYAT NAVOI MINING-METALLURGY COMBINE (NMMC)

Kuchersky N.I.Mining & Metallurgical Complex, Navoi, Uzbekistan

In the report the overview of nuclear geophysics methods at Navoi mining-metallurgycombine is given by demonstrating the technological processes used in mining industry.

The gamma-activation analysis (GAA) of samples, x-ray radiometric (XRR) sorting andseparation of the ore and rock materials are implemented at the gold-mining objects.

The gamma-activation laboratory (CGAAL) of the Muruntau deposit is aimed at thequantitative determination of gold in 500 g powdered samples with the error satisfying the Hl-rdcategory NCAM (at gold concentration more than 0.6 g/ton). The productivity of the CGAALallows provision of gold analysis of samples not only for mining deposit Muruntau, but also forother enterprises of the Navoi MMC and related organization of the Republic.

The gold contents determination method (GAA method) designed for non-crushed samples(pieces up to 100 mm) allowed accumulation of the technological collection large in number ofsamples, simulating various sorts (by gold concentration) and types (by elemental composition)of ores, and researches aimed at selection of optimal technological ways to enrich the ores bymeans of portion x-ray radiometric (XRR) sorting.

The XRR Method is used at the NMMC for sorting the gold bearing ores, mined at theKokpatass.

The radiometric method is used for large-portion sorting of phosphorytes in the trucks, aswell as at documenting the kern at the uranium deposits mined by the NMMC.

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Carotage by the fission neutrons method (CFNM) is used for direct determination ofuranium contents along the mined well section and is indispensable for tracking the uraniumleaching process, at which the radiological properties of ores (uranium-radium ratio) aredestroyed by the technological processes.

UZ0602953

PROLIFERATION RESISTANCE FEATURESIN NUCLEAR REACTOR DESIGNS

Gabaraev B.A., Cherepnin Yu.S.Research and Development Institute of Power Engineering, Moscow, Russia

The presentation gives an overview of the fundamental principles of non-proliferation ofnuclear materials and technologies in the process of designing the nuclear reactors. The nuclearpower engineering includes the activities involving the risk of proliferation of nuclear weapons(such as separation of uranium isotopes (enrichment), long-term storage of irradiated fuel,reprocessing of irradiated fuel by means of separation of plutonium and/or uranium wherefrom,storage of separated fissile materials). Proliferation resistance can be defined as the characteristicof a given nuclear power system which would prevent change-over or unauthorized productionand use of the nuclear materials or technologies intended to possession of nuclear weapons orother nuclear explosives. The basic principles of non-proliferation as formulated in the frame ofIAEA-sponsored international project INPRO have been analyzed for their relevance in designingthe innovative nuclear power systems based on lead-cooled fast reactors.

References:1. Prof. E.O. Adamov (ed.) "White Book of Nuclear Power", Moscow, 2001.2. IEAE - TECDOC - 1362. Guidance for the Evaluation of Innovative Nuclear Reactors and

Fuel Cycles. 2003.3. V.V. Orlov, A.V. Lopatkin et al. Fuel Cycle of BREST Reactors. Addressing the Problems

of Radioactive Waste and Proliferation. ICONE-11. Report 36405. 2003.

UZ0602954

HADRONS IN NUCLEAR MATTER

Khanna F.University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

TRIUMF, Vancouver, Canada

High energy collisions of Hadrons or finite Nuclei with nuclei can generate locally highdensity and temperature. In such a case there will be copious production of mesons and baryonswith strange, charm and bottom quarks. This will allow a study of their behaviour in nuclei, thus

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opening a vast range of new nuclear physics that complements the usual nuclear physics. Thepropagation and decay of these tagged particles will help us to understand the role of high densityand temperature. There is also a large probability of producing double hypernuclei, thus allowinga study of interaction among hyprons.

At present Japan Hadron Facility is focussed on such studies. However colliders like RHIC,that is able to study the deconfinement transition, and LHCb, the b meson facility at LHC, willadd a great deal of new information.

UZ0602955

ASYMPTOTIC NORMALIZATION COEFFICIENT (NUCLEAR VERTEXCONSTANT) AND NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS PROBLEM

(Review)

Yarmukhamedov R.', Artemov S.V.1, Burtebaev N.T.2, Igamov S.B.1

Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty, Kazakhstan

A reliable estimation of rates of nuclear astrophysical radiative cupture reaction A(o,y)Bresponsible for the abundance of the light elements B in the Universe is one of the mostimportant problems of the modern astrophysics [1]. Solution of this problem in its turn isimpossible without obtaining the cross sections (or their equivalent the astrophysical S(E) factorsfor the reactions under consideration.

In this report the review of the results of calculations of the astrophysical S- factors S(E) forthe t(oc, y )7Li, 3He(a, y ) 7Be, 7Be(p, y)8B, 12C(p, y)13N and !3C(p, y)14N reactions at extremelylow energies E, including value E=0, performed within the framework of the new two -bodyapproach and the R-matrix method are presented. The calculation is carried out taking intoaccount the information about the asymptotic normalization coefficient (or the respective nuclearvertex constant of virtual decay of the residual nuclei into two fragments of the initial states ofthe aforesaid reactions , which belong to the fundamental nuclear constants). The required valuesof the asymptotic normalization coefficients can be obtained from an analysis of both the samedirect cupture reactions performed within the modified two-body approach and the peripheralproton transfer reactions performed within the framework DWBA approach. A comparativeanalysis between the experimental and theoretical results obtained by different authors is alsodone.

Reference:1. E.G. Adelberger et al. Rev.Mod.Phys. 70(1998)1265.

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The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 __ __ _ BVP-50

MODERN TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONSOF RADIATION CONTROL TO COMBAT ILLICIT TRAFFICKING

OF NUCLEAR AND RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS ACROSS BORDERS

UZ0602956

Preventing the illicit nuclear and radioactive materials transportation across the stateborders has recently taken on a special significance due to ongoing threat of utilizing thesematerials for terrorist purposes. Currently more and more countries are gaining betterunderstanding of the importance of creating the national security system. It is obvious that thethreat of nuclear terrorism is not the only reason to stimulate these efforts and actions. Anotherreason is existence of "orphan" sources which number in the world is approaching to 200 000including the ones with a very high activity. Uncontrolled presence of such sources and materialsin the human environment can be hazardous to human health and it may cause significanteconomical losses. Radiation control at the borders of the countries in this case is the first line ofdefense on the route of illicit nuclear and radioactive material movement and therefore vitallyimportant for country/state radiation protection.

Radiation control at the borders of the states requires three steps: 1) primary control ordetecting the presence of radioactive sources on a controlled object; 2) additional radiationcontrol or locating the exact place of the radioactive source on the person, within the vehicle orinside the container; 3) identification of the nature of the radioactive source.

To accomplish the first and the main step of radiation control process the high sensitivegamma-neutron portal monitors operating in automatic mode are utilized. They are used to alertauthorities to the appearance of any radioactive source in the controlled area. These monitors aredeveloped and manufactured in some countries and currently deployed at the borders of thecountries and also in areas where the radioactive sources may appear.

However, the experience of deploying the portal monitors in various countries (Poland,Russia, Belarus) [1-3] has proved that the installation even the best of the best monitors is just anintegral part of the common task to be solved. It is very important that after the radioactive sourcehas been detected such procedures as saving, transferring and analyzing of the information shouldbe successfully completed. This requires performing the independent remote control of the statusof a portal monitor, technical and methodological support and monitoring of personnel actions.This part of the task can be solved by creating the specialized automated system.

The portal monitors and the RAVEN (Radiation Alarm and Video Event Notification)system developed and manufactured by the company TSA Systems Ltd is one and the mostsuccessful and efficient examples of how this task can be accomplished. RAVEN was designed toboth capture and view data and video images relating to a radiological detection incident. Storedsets of data and video can be used in the rapid identification of the method of transportation ofradioactive substances. Quick review of the incident can be made by using the on screen controlsthat allow the user to step through each image and pause whenever necessary. This allows theuser to relay any identifying information to response personnel in the field for possible secondaryinspection or other interdiction.

Local Alarm Stations (LAS) can be configured to only display information that will beuseful to the local user. The Central Alarm Station (CAS) can be configured to display muchmore detailed information that is useful for alarm trending and other data analysis. Multiple LAS

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The S ixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006 S ^MPNP'2006

or CAS locations can easily be established and through the use of wireless routers these locationscan be mobile. Multi-layered password protection will restrict unauthorized access to sensitivedata or video and will protect the privacy of innocent individuals. Graphs of detection levelsalong with the ability to view which individual detector is displaying the most activity will allowthe user to better understand where in a large container the radioactive source may be located.This will save time for personnel doing secondary inspections. The CAS operators will be alertedto a parameter change and will be able to view the original as well as the new setting. A view ofall the system parameters for each monitored location is displayed side by side to enable the userto better identify a change in any system.

References:1. T. Hadys. System of radiometric control on polish state border implemented by polish

national border guards. The Final Research Coordination Meeting on "Improvement ofTechnical Measures to Detect and Respond to Illicit Trafficking of Nuclear and RadioactiveMaterials", IAEA, Vienna April 2006.

2. Yu. Vakhnyak, N. Kravchenko. Border Monitoring Activities in the Russian Federation. TheFinal Research Coordination Meeting on "Improvement of Technical Measures to Detect andRespond to Illicit Trafficking of Nuclear and Radioactive Materials", IAEA, Vienna April2006.

3. V. Lishankov. Automated Support System of Customs Control over Nuclear and RadioactiveMaterials. The Final Research Coordination Meeting on "Improvement of TechnicalMeasures to Detect and Respond to Illicit Trafficking of Nuclear and Radioactive Materials",IAEA, Vienna April 2006.

UZ0602957

THE SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS PECULIARITIES INGAMMA- FAMILIES

Yuldashbaev T.S., Nuritdinov Kh.Physical-Technical Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The alignment phenomena of the most energetic particles revealed by Pamir X-rayEmulsion Chamber (XREC) experiment is interesting problem, which is not yet explained. Thecharacteristics of cosmic ray strong interactions at the super high energies are studied through theobservation of families (the groups of y-rays related by common origin) recorded in XREC.

An alignment parameter is defined as Xn = £cos<p kij / n(n-l)(n-2), where (pyj stands for theangle between two straight lines connecting the k-th center with i-th and j-th, n is the number ofthe most energetic particles, n=4. Parameter Xn=l correspond to the case of n centers alignedexactly along the straight line, while Xn~l/(n-l) - theirs isotropic distribution. Gamma familieswith parameter X4 > 0,8 are refered to aligned events. Independent confirmations of the alignmentphenomenon were made by different research groups. For the interpretation of such unusualphenomenon it is of interest to observe the energy dependence of alignment parameter X4.

To reduce the influence of electromagnetic cascading processes of initial y-quanta inatmosphere on the observed characteristics, the y-families are subjected to the decascading

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The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006

procedure. Pair of gamma quanta satisfied the condition Zjk<zo - 10 TeV-mm, where Zjk = Rjk (Ej"1 +Ek"1)"1, (Ej, Ek are respective energies and R.& their mutual distance) were combined into a single"initial" quantum with energy Ej +Ek at the position of the energy center of the two. Thus theobserved y-family is transformed into the initial y^ -family.

Energy Eest of primary particles was founded on using correlation relation:

lgEest=A + B-lg(nin),

where njn - a number of initial family quanta. The coefficients A and B were derived fromcomparison with MCO- Quark-Gluon String model, which gives a good description ofaccelerator data as well as cosmic-ray results up to energies Eo < 10 PeV.

It is analyzed No=731 gamma-families of Pamir experiment with energies SEY-100-900TeV, number of particles nin > 4, with energies Ey > 4 TeV selected within a circle of radiusRo=20 cm.

For the interpretation of the alignment phenomenon the heavy leading resonancesgeneration model was proposed by Tashkent group. The gamma-families produced from decay ofsuch resonances will not contain energy distinguished particles, i.e. secondaries energy spectrumof "aligned" family is "soft" in comparison with ordinary events.To check this assumption in the paper a new criterion sensitive to selection of events produced bysuch processes is considered. It is defined as r=Emax/£4E;, where Emax- maximal energy of familyparticle, ^ E ; - total energy of most energetic four particles. The families satisfied to criterionF < F (where F - its average value for the certain energy region) will has a "soft" energyspectrum.

The dependence the ratio of the fractions of «aligned» families was studied

where 8x=ANjL/N, AN^-number of "aligned" events with X4 > 0,8 between N-events satisfied to

criteria F< F and F>F on estimated primary energy Eest. As can see from this fig.l, in theenergy region Eest - 6-20 PeV experimental data for the gamma-families with "soft" energy

spectrum F < F and for the remaining events with

r F > F is in a good accordance with MCO-model (solidline correspond to MCO-model). However, the fraction 8^of "aligned" events between families, satisfying to

criterion F<F, sharply increase at the energiesAEest=20-70PeV and is not described by model.

For determination the nature of primary particlesI creating "aligned" families, we used some selection

— criteria sensitive to the primary composition. According^ obtained results, the most experimental "aligned" events

6

5-

2-

25 40 E.O. pev (65-72%) are produced by primary protons at the energiesabove 10 PeV.

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UZ0602958

FIRST STUDY OF a CLUSTER STRUCTURE IN THE MIRROR LIGHTNUCLEI USING RADIOACTIVE BEAMS OF 14C AND 14O

Chang Bo Fu1, Rogachev G.V.2, Goldberg V.Z.1'3. Brown S.2, Green B.2,Chubarian G.1, Johnson E.2, Roeder B.2, Kemper K.2, Momotyuk A.2,

Tabacaru G.2, Trache L.\ Tribble R.E.11 Texas A&M University, Cyclotron Institute, Texas, USA

7Florida State University, Florida, USA3RRC'KurchatovInstitute", Moscow, Russia

Alpha clustering is a remarkable phenomenon, which plays a very important role in ourunderstanding of nuclear forces [1]. Classical examples of alpha cluster nuclei are 12C, 160 and20Ne. These nuclei are very well studied and the striking features of the observed alpha clusterrotational bands inspired the development of theoretical models, capable of treating clusteringphenomena in nuclei. Much less is known about the alpha cluster states in nuclei with N^Z T=l.Recent studies [2,3] indicate the richness of the alpha clustering phenomena in these nuclei,providing evidence for unusual features, such as doubling of alpha cluster rotational bands. Thealpha cluster states also play a crucial role in stellar helium burning where the formation ofheavier elements through fusion process is driven through alpha cluster configurations in Tz=0and Tz=l nuclei. This also applies to explosive alpha-induced processes such as the alpha-p-process in the thermonuclear runaway on the accreting neutron stars which is driven throughalpha-cluster formation in Tz=-I nuclei [4].

The alpha cluster structure of T=l 18O and 18Ne nuclei will be the focus of the discussion.The alpha cluster states in these nuclei were populated in an elastic scattering of radioactive beam14C (delivered by Florida State Tandem-LINAC facility) or 14O (delivered by MARS facility ofTAMU) on helium. The Thick Target Inverse Kinematics technique [5] was used. The features ofmolecular rotational bands will be considered together with the isotopic shifts, which isdependent upon the hidden single particle structure.

References:1. S.D. Kurgalin, Yu.M. Tchuvilsky, J. Phys.(London) G25, 929 (1999)2. G.V. Rogachev et al., Phys. Rev. C64, 051302R (2001)3. V.Z. Goldberg et al., Phys. Rev. C69, 024602 (2004)4. Aprahamian et al., Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 54, 535 (2005)5. K.P. Atremov et al., Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 52,408 (1990)

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FIRST BROAD ENERGY RANGE STUDY OF THE 12N SPECTROSCOPYUSING THE n C RADIOACTIVE BEAM

Chang Bo Fu\ Chubarian G.\ Goldberg V.Z.1. Tabacaru G.1, Tang X.D.1,Tribble R.E.1, Perajarvi K.2, Rogachev G.V.3, Guo F.Q.2'4, Lee D.25, Moltz D.M.4,Powell J.2,

Skorodumov B.B.6, Brown B.A.7, Volya A.3,Cerny J.2'41 Texas A&M University, Cyclotron Institute, Texas, USA [|||||||||[|[||||||||||||[||||[|||||||2Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkley, USA UZ0602959

s Florida State University, Florida, USA4 University of California, Berkeley, USA

5Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, USAUniversity of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA

7Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA

Interest in the nuclear structure of 12N (and 12B) is primarily related to the idea that manylow-lying levels in 12N (and 12B) should manifest one-particle-one-hole configurations, andtherefore their features provide a test (and parameters) for shell model calculations. 12N is moreunstable to single particle decay than 12B. Therefore, the nucleon widths of the levels in 12N couldprovide direct information on their single particle structure.

In addition to the nuclear physics interest, studies involving 12N around its ' 'C + p thresholdat 0.601 MeV are often also driven by nuclear astrophysics interests [4-8]. Namely, to be able toaccurately determine the astrophysical rate of the nC(p,y) 12N reaction, detailed knowledge of thelow-lying level structure of 12N is also required. The n C (p,y) 12N reaction is associated with hotpp chains that might be able to bypass the triple alpha process in producing CNO material in lowmetallicity stars [1]. The 12N excitation region in the vicinity of the 8B + a threshold at 8.008MeV is also important for astrophysics due to the formation of 1!C in the 8B(a,p) reaction [1].

The level structure of 12N has been investigated from 2.2 to 11.0 MeV in excitation energyusing a n C + p resonance interaction with thick (gas and solid) targets and inverse kinematics[2]. The measurements were made at LBNL and TAMU facilities providing for radioactivebeams of nC [3,4]. Excitation functions were fitted using an R -matrix approach. Fig. 1 presentsthe R matrix fit to the low energy zero degree data. As a result sixteen levels in l N wereidentified, many of them are new. Spin-parity assignments, excitation energies and widths areproposed for these levels. A narrow state with a low spin was found about 200 keV below the 8B+ a threshold in !2N.

Conventional R -matrix calculations generated cross sections at the highest energies whichwere too large. We related this effect to the increasing role of direct reactions and took theirinfluence into account by adding imaginary parts (parameterized by a simple expression) to thephase shifts generated by the hard sphere scattering. Generally, the SM predictions were a goodguide for the analysis of the lowest excited states. However, at higher excitation energies, thespread of the dy2 strength appeared to be underestimated and the predicted dominant dm levelsappeared to be shifted to lower energies.

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<^> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 INP-50

2.6 4.6 E" in 12NT r-

1.5 2.0 2.S 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

EOT [MeV]

Fig. 1. The zero degree (Iab.sys.) excitation function and the corresponding R -matrix fit.Excitation energy E* is E + 0.601 MeV.

cm.

References:1. M. Wiescher, J. Gorres, S. Graff, L. Buchmann, and F.-K. Thielemann, Astrophys. J. 343,

352(1989).2. V. Z. Goldberg, Clustering Phenomena in Atoms and Nuclei, ed. by M. Brenner, T. Lonnroth,

F. B. Malik, Springer Ser. In Nucl. and Part. Phys., 1992.3. Z. Q.Xie, Rev. Sci.Instr. 69, 625(1998).4. R. E. Tribble, A. Azhari, C. A. Gagliardi, J. C. Hardy, A. Mukhamedzhanov, X. Tang, L.

Trache, and S. J. Yennello, Nucl. Phys. A701, 278c (2002). ..

UZ0602960

QUANTUM PHASE TRANSITION OF A MODEL MAGNETCOUPLED TO A NUCLEAR SPIN BATH

Ronnow H.M., Jensen J., Aeppli G., Rosenbeum T.F., McMorrow D.F.Institute LNS, ETH-Zurich & PSI, Villigen, Switzerland

The excitation spectrum of a model magnetic system, LiHoF4, was studied with the use ofneutron spectroscopy as the system was tuned to its quantum critical point by an appliedmagnetic field. The electronic mode softening expected for a quantum phase transition wasforestalled by hyperfine coupling to the nuclear spins. We found that interactions with the nuclearspin bath controlled the length scale over which the excitations could be entangled. It isdemonstrated how disturbing the spin-bath lead to increased criticallity in the electronic system.

Reference:1. H. M. Ronnow et al. Science v308 p389 (2005)

18Plenary Reports

The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006mp-so

THE EFFECT OF INTERSTITIAL HALOGEN ATOMSCONVERSION INTO SELF-TRAPPED HOLES IN ELASTIC

STRESSED ALKALI HALIDE CRYSTALS

Shunkevev K., Sarmukhanov Y., Barmina A.State Pedagogical Institute, Aktobe, Kazakhstan UZ0602961

An intensity redistribution of high temperature peaks of thermal stimulated luminescenceinto low temperature ones was found in the field of elastic stress, which is conditioned bystabilization of single VK,VKA, VF and //^-centers that belong to X2 -center family.

It has been established with the methods of absorption spectroscopy that there is aconversion of Xf - centers into X\~ -centers at constant concentration of F-centers in alkali halidecrystals (AHC) at low temperature stress. We have studied in details absorption features ofhalogen centers in AHC at low temperature uniaxial stress,

The Figure 1 shows spectra of optic absorption of non stressed (curve 1) and uniaxiallystressed (curve 2) KBr and KC1 crystals. As it is seen from Figure the nature of appearingradiation defects does not change at stress applying. It is known that in KBr and KC1 crystals themain radiation defects are F- and XI -centers. In KBr crystal F- and Br 3-centers have absorption

bands with maximums at 2.06 and 4.6 eV and in KC1 crystal - F- and CI3-centers - ate 2.3 and5.2 eV respectively (Fig. la). In KBr and KC1 crystals the concentration of F-centers does notchange at stress applying (curves 1 and 2, Fig. lb). It means there is no change in effectiveness ofstable radiation defect creation. Therefore in KBr crystal it has been noticed that there is aredistribution of halogen radiation defects between bands of Br^- and Rx~2 -centers in favor oflatter in the range of absorption spectrum that corresponds to absorption F^(3.25 eV),F^(Na)(3.02 eV), /fc(Na)(3.05 eV) and #(3.26 eV)-centers (Fig. la). The found absorption bandincrease at 3.25eV (Fig. lc) was thermally annealed at around 200K where Fj (180 K)- centersare destroyed. This excludes #^(Na)-center presence as on spectral content and as on temperaturestability. When comparing absorption band spectra maximums of all Br~2 -center family'withabsorption band maximum it is seen that at unixial stress there is an increase of concentrations,either F«(3.25 eV)-, F/<3.3 eV>, or #(3.26 eV)-centers (Fig. lc). It is known that //-centers at

Fig. 1. KBr and KC1 crystalabsorption spectra:a - KBr crystal absorption spectrawithout stress (1) and previouslyunixially stressed (s =2%) at 80 K(2) and after X-raying for 3 hours at80 K; b - dose dependences ofstable F-center concentration inKBr and KC1 crystals before (1)and at uniaxial (s =2%) stress (2);c - differed KBr crystal absorptionspectra before (1) and at uniaxialstress (e=2%) (2) from graph a.

0.8 -

0.6 -

0.4 -

0.2

D

0 .8

0 .4

-

f

_

a

i i i

KBr / 2 -. / 1 ""

Y1 f 1

6 0 1 2 0 t . M « n

. - ' • • .

' / ^

•7 -, 1 , , , ,

AD

o.os

0.04

1 1

e

/

i—. i i i

3 . 8 3 . 6 3 .

KB

H

1t |3 . 2

r

2

- - j -

\i . N

i

1i I

3.0 2.S 2.6JJ p I

/

5 4 33 H e p r H H 4 ) O T O H ( ) B > 3 S

19Plenary Reports

—;

The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006 &INP-SO

crystal ate thermally stable only at 4.2 K and higher 50 K begin to delocalize, and at temperatureswhere the absorption spectra measurements have taken place (80K), they are thermally nonstable. That is why we think the found absorption band with maximum at 3.25 eV at lowtemperature stress corresponds to F^-center, i.e. there is an effect of conversion of H- into VK-center.

Reference:1. Bekeshev A.Z., Vasil'chenko E.A., Sarmukhanov E.T., Sagimbaev Sh.Zh., Tuplebergenov S.K.,

Shunkeyev K.Sh., Elango A.A. Influence of one-axis stress at 80 K on radiation defect formationin KC1, KBr and KI crystal// J. FTT, t. 40, v.l, 1998

UZ0602962

THE INFLUENCE OF LOW TEMPERATURE STRESS ON NONIRRADIATIVE DECAY CHANNEL OF SELF TRAPPED EXCITONS

IN ALKALI HALIDE CRYSTALS

Shunkeyev K., Sarmukhanov Y., Myasnikova L.,Kukayev H., Shunkeyev S.

State Pedagogical Institute, Aktobe, Kazakhstan

The effect of intrinsic luminescence buildup of self trapped excitons (STE) has been foundin alkali halide crystals at lattice symmetry lowering [1]. The STE luminescence intensityincrease might be caused by the following mechanisms: either potential barrier decrease thatseparates quasi-free and self trapped exciton states, or the effectiveness decrease of exciton decayinto initial radiation effects. The free exciton luminescence at 100 K in KI crystal puts downcompletely and STE luminescence has maximum intensity that is why the realization of the firstmechanism has low probability [2]. At 100 K potential barrier for exciton self trapping in AHCdisappears. The growth of radiation defect creation effectiveness was found at STE luminescenceputting down. And the particular interest is given to the method which would allow yielding theinformation of exciton annihilation simultaneously on two channels at AHC lattice symmetrylowering by low temperature uniaxial stress. This problem can be solved by measuringtemperature putting down of STE luminescence of zone purified AHC in the absence and in thepresence of low temperature uniaxial stress, thus STE luminescence putting out energy activationis estimated.

Analyzing STE luminescence putting out energy activation for some AHC we can derive somerules:

1. The activation energy increase at elastic uniaxial stress is observed in the rangeKBr-»NaCl->KI-»RbI->CsBr and is interpreted by the increase of potential barrier of STEnon irradiative decay channel onto radiation defects.

2. The activation energy for Csl crystal for luminescence band redistribution at 3.67 and 4.2 eVis estimated in the favor of latter.

20Plenary Reports

<%& The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 _ _ _ „ INP-50

The table shows the values of STE luminescence intensity putting down activation energies forsome AHC in the absence and in the presence of low temperature uniaxial stress. The values of s,obtained by the authors are given in brackets.

Crysta

KI

KBr

NaCl

CsBr

Rbl

NaBr

Csl

STE luminescenceband maximum

(eV)

3.04

3.31

4.16

2.28

4.42

3.35

5.35

3.55

4.74

2.3

3.10

3.89

4.62

3.67

4.27

STE structure

weak off (Ex)

weak off {%)

on (a)

strong off (TI)

on (a)

weak off {%)

on (a)

strong off (%)

on (a)

strong off (%)

weak off (Ex)

on (a)

on (%)

weak off (n)

on (a)

Luminescencequantum yield (rf)

rel. Csl at 5 K

-

0.13

0.038

0.014

0.029

0.023

0.017

0.019

0.008

-

0.012

0.044

0.1

1

1

Activationenergy s (meV)

before stress

18

132(132)

-

37

23 (26)

99(103)

32 (32)

100(95)

-

-

-

43 (43.7)

160(154.7)

50 (50)

220(219.8)

Activation energyff(meV)

at uniaxial stress

-

(169)

-

-

(33)

(138)

(66.7)

(140)

-

-

-

(113.2)

(192.7)

(66)

(223)

The experimental results at low temperature uniaxial stress show for crystals whose quantumyield is close to one (7~>1, Csl) or close to zero(77=0,0021 KC1, /7=0,0014 KBr) the non irradiativeSTE transition activation energy values do not change sufficiently (for Csl s=219+223 meV, B KBr£=26+33 meV); for all the rest crystals - increase rapidly.

References:1. Babin V., Bekeshev A., Elango A., Kalder K., Maaroos A., Shunkeev K., Vasilchenko E.,

Zazubovich S. Effect in uniaxial stress on luminescence of updoped and thalluim-doped KI andRbl crystals. Hi. Phys.: Condens. Matter. 1999. Vol.11. P.2303-2317.

2. Luschik Ch.B., Luschik A.Ch. Electron de-excitation with defects production in solids. Moscow:Nauka, 1989.

21Plenary Reports

The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006

ELASTIC AND INELASTIC SCATTERING OF NUCLEONS AND LIGHTCLUSTER NUCLEI AT INTERMEDIATE AND HIGH ENERGIES

WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF MULTIPLE SCATTERING THEORY(Review of the Theoretical Results and Experimental Data)

III Ismatov Ye.1, Tartakovsky V.K.2, Ubaev J.K.1

State Pedagogical Institute, Aktobe, Kazakhstan2Institute for Nuclear Research, Kiev, UkraineUZO6O2963

The elastic and inelastic scattering of nucleons and light nuclei on nuclei at inter mediateand high energies have been studied for a long time. At such energies scattering has diffractioncharacter and Glauber-Sitenko diffraction multiple scattering theory (GSDMST) [1-6] is appliedto analyze the processes. The interpretation of nucleon-nucleus interactions in terms of GSDMSTis given in the presented work, as it successfully describes the nucleon-nucleon interactionswithin the framework of theory that suggests its extensions to nucleus- nucleus scattering.

Elastic and inelastic scattering of nucleons and light nuclei is interpreted on the basis of theGSDMST. The main assumptions underlying GSDMST are enumerated and the general structureof amplitudes and cross-sections of scattering are analyzed. The way of calculation of completewave functions in the final state is shown. In terms of GSDMST the amplitude of elastic nucleus-nucleus scattering may be written as

\nk=l

where profile functionA,A 2

r15

i=lk=l- are nucleon radius -vectors of the nuclei Ai and A2, aSjand \ - are nucleon whose

projection on impact parameter plane.Using formulae (1) and (2), the differential scattering cross-sections of protons on 6Li, 7Li

and 12C were obtained at different initial Ep. In the p6 Li scattering the contribution of D - waveother than S-wave it is taken into account. In the 7Li the importance of precise selection of wavefunctions of t, d - clusters is shown. Differential cross section of the inelastic scattering forprotons with energy 185. 152. MeV [4] on nuclei 6Li was calculated with perturbation level 3+

T=0(2.18 MeV) on nucleus 7Li for the first perturbation state T - (0.478 MeV). We calculateddifferential cross sections of elastic scattering of oc-particles, on 12C, 16O, 68Zn and 208Pb, nuclei.As well as were obtained date of scattering of nuclei 12C and 40Ca at incident energies 1.37; 1.44;1.503; 2.4 GeV. A comparison was made between theoretical numerical values and experimentalresults [6].

We calculated form-factor and differential cross section of disintegration deuterons independence of the impulse within of the quark structure of interactions particles.

22Plenary Reports

$Q The S ixth Internationa] Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 1NP-S9

References:1. A.G.Sitenko, V.K. Tartakovsky, Ye.I.Ismatov, K.Sh.Shunkeev, Sh.Kh.Djuraev "Theory of

the nucleus and nuclear reactions" // V.I,H, Aktobe, 2004, 740 p.2. A.G.Sitenko "Theory of nuclear reactions'V/M.Energoatomizdat, 1983.3. G.G.Arushanov, Ye.I.Ismatov, "Elastic and inelastic diffractions nuclear interaction"//

Tashkent. "FAN", 1988.4. Ye.I.Ismatov, Sh.Kh.Djuraev, A.V.Khugaev. "Phenomenological theory Interaction nucleons

and nucleus'V/Tashkent, "FAN". 19945. Ye.I.Ismatov'Theory of diffraction process'V/Tashkent, "FAN", 1978.6. M.M. EI-Gogary, A.S. Shabby, M.Y.M.Hassan.//Phys.Rev.l998,V.58.6, p. 3513-3522.

UZ0602964

IDAHO NATIONAL LABORATORY - A NUCLEARRESEARCH CENTER

Zaidi Mohammed K.Radiological and Environmental Sciences Laboratory, Idaho, USA

The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) is committed to providing international nuclearleadership for the 21st Century, developing and demonstrating compelling national securitytechnologies, and delivering excellence in science and technology as one of the United StatesDepartment of Energy's (DOE) multiprogram national laboratories. INL runs three majorprograms - Nuclear, Security and Science. Nuclear programs covers the Advanced test reactor,Six Generation IV technology concepts selected for R&D, tageting tumors - Boron NeutronCapture therapy. Homeland Security establishes the Control System Security and Test Center,Critical Infrastructure Test Range evaluates technologies on a scalable basis, INL conducts highperformance computing and visualization research and science. To provide leadership in theeducation and training, INL has established an Institute of Nuclear Science and Enginnering(INSE) under the Center for Advanced Energy Studies (CAES) and the Idaho State University(ISU). INSE will offer a four year degree based on a newly developed curriculum - two year ofbasic science course work and two years of participation in project planning and development.The students enrolled in this program can continue to get a masters or a doctoral degree. Thissummer INSE is the host for the training of the first international group selected by the WorldNuclear University (WNU) - 75 fellowship holders and their 30 instructors from 40 countries.INL has been assigned to provide future global leadership in the field of nuclear science andtechnology. Here, at INL, we keep safety first above all things and our logo is "Nuclearleadership synonymous with safety leadership".

23Plenary Reports

(§£> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006 V*p?'2006 [NP-50

S GAMMA-RAY SPECTROSCOPY AT GANILenCJO

gb{ GrandAcce le 'rateur National d'lons Lourds, Caen Cedex, France

O

.g de France G.

- The coupling of very efficient gamma-ray arrays with large acceptance (or highly selective)spectrometers has pushed away the limits and opened up new possibilities in nuclear physicsstudies. This is the case at GANIL with the setting up of EXOGAM (a large efficiency gamma-ray array) coupled to VAMOS (a large acceptance spectrometer). In this talk, the variouspossibilities offered at GANIL with such a coupling will be given.

In particular, this powerful coupling allows to exploit radioactive beams providing that therequired precautions have been cautiously considered. At GANIL radioactive beams can beproduced either via the fragmentation technique or via the ISOL method. Two examples ofexperiments using EXOGAM+VAMOS, the first one exploiting an ISOL beam and the secondone a high energy beams from fragmentation, will be described.

Another asset of GANIL is the availability of intense heavy beams like uranium. The use ofinverse kinematics optimises the efficiency of the spectrometer and allows the search for veryweakly populated channels. This technique has been used with the aim to access very exotic Caisotopes around N=34.

Finally, radioactive beams produced via the fragmentation technique are also available atGANIL. This allows the study of far off stability, short-lived nuclei produced with sometime verylow intensity but also limited background. Examples of the physics around the closed shells usingthis kind of beam will be shown.

In the longer term, the SPIRAL2 project will be built at GANIL. This new generation ofISOL facility will deliver intense beams of very exotic species. The future facility will bedescribed and the associated physics programme discussed.

UZ0602966

CROSS SECTION MEASUREMENTSAT INSHAS CYCLOTRON

Comsan M. N. H.Nuclear Research Centre, Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt

During the last 3 years, Inshas Cyclotron Facility, based on a k =20 AVF MGC-20machine, was engaged in activities related to the production of radioisotopes for use in medicine,industry and other applications. An extensive program for cross-section measurements of a widerange of isotopes is undertaken. The paper aims to cover such activities, and to underline otherpossible future applications of the cyclotron.

24Plenary Reports

<3& The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006 S.-J =INP-SO ^ M * " f

MPNP'2006 . . .. • ••• - ^ = =

SUPERHEAVY NUCLEI AT DUBNA jg Sass O

Oganessian Yu.Ts., Utyonkov V.K., Lobanov Yu.V., Abdullin F.Sh., Polyakov A.N., j g §Shirokovsky I.V., Tsyganov Yu.S., Mezentsev A.N., Itkis M.G. .^= ^

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia ^ =

The present report deals with actual problem of hypothetical superheavy elements.In spite of the enhanced stability of the superheavy nuclei, which was predicted in various

nuclear models 40 years ago, now these predictions are confirmed by our experiments.The reaction of superheavy nuclei synthesis, their formation cross sections and decay

properties are considered. Recently we have studied decay properties of element 114(A=287,288,289) and element 116 (A=293,293) new isotopes. ^

The results of the experiments aimed at the synthesis of element 115 in reaction Am+48Ca are reported. For the first time the chemical identification of Db as the terminal isotope ofthe decay element 115 was realized. . 293

The decay properties of 290116 and 291116 have been measured in the Cm ( Ca, xn)X116 reaction. These isotopes of element 116 are the decay daughters of element 118 isotopes,which are produced in the 249Cf + 48Ca reaction. We performed the element 118 experiments attwo projectile energies (245 and 251 Mev). During an irradiation with a total beam dose of 4.1048Ca projectiles, three similar decay chains consisting of two or three consecutive a -decay chainsand terminating by a spontaneous fission were observed. The isotope 294118 produced in 3n-evaporation channel of the 249Cf + 48 Ca reaction (decay properties are T1/2 = 0.9 ms, E B = 11.7Mev ).

The observed nuclear decay properties of nuclides with Z=104 - 118 are compared withtheoretical mass calculations and the systematic trends of spontaneous fission properties. As awhole, they give a consistent pattern of decay of the 18 even- Z nuclides with Z= 104-118 andN-163-177.

The present observation can be considered an experimental evidence of the existence of the"island of stability" of superheavy elements.The experiments were performed employing the Dubna Gas-Filled Recoil Separator and the U-400 cyclotron at FLNR (JINR, Dubna).

UZ0602968

ANALYSIS OF LOW LYING EXCITED STATESIN EVEN - EVEN DEFORMED NUCLEI

GaristovV.P.1'2, Solnyshkin A.A.21 Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria

2 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia

The description of the vast amount of experimental data on the low-lying collective spectraof even-even nuclei in the rare - earth and actinide regions is still a problem of particular interestin the nuclear structure physics. The classification of this data is mainly done from a "horizontal

25

Plenary Reports

<*•§!> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 INP-5Q

perspective" in sequences of nuclei, where the investigated nuclear characteristics are empiricallystudied as functions of the numbers of their valence nucleons. In this way the evolution of nuclearstructure with mass is empirically investigated, mainly for the yeast states of the nuclei in a givenshell.

We are interested in the behavior of the energies of sequences of collective states with afixed angular momentum L in the spectra of a given even-even nucleus. In some cases theexperimental information on a large sequences of states with L= 0+, 2+, 4+, 6+...is quite a lot.Indeed, the contemporary experimental technique is so advanced, that many well studied nucleican be listed around the nuclear chart. The theoretical approaches that are able to explain andcorrectly describe all the data in this respect are seemingly in depth to the experiment. Greatamount of theoretical and experimental investigations are dedicated to the analysis of the excited0+ states and the bands built on them. These investigations show that in the deformed nuclei thedependence of the energies of the rotational bands on the angular momentum L is qualitativelysimilar for the ground band and the "p - bands" constructed on each of these states. Therefore infirst approximation these bands may be considered without including the band head structure.Nevertheless the influence of the 0+ excited states structure on the rotational spectra is veryimportant. In order to explain the quantitative differences in the rotational bands on the differentband heads, as well as the energies and transition probabilities we have to take into account thebands heads collective structure. This has provoked an idea to link the structure of the Kn = 0+

excited states to the changes in behavior of rotational bands built on them. Thus as the first step itis straightforward to examine some models leading to understanding of the collective structure ofthe 0+ excited states in the same nucleus. For this purpose we first study the low - energy 0+

spectra of a large amount of even-even nuclei from the heavier nuclear shells, where most of thedeformed and transitional nuclei are observed. It is shown that the energies of the 0+ excitedstates can be described by the simple phenomenological formula En = An-Bn2 as a function of theinteger classification parameter n. Further we label every IC = 0+ state by an additionalcharacteristic n - number of monopole bosons determining its collective structure. As a result theexperimental energies for IC - 0+ excited states in the spectra of well deformed nuclei areclassified with great accuracy by the number of monopole bosons. In the framework of an 'algebraic approach, the correct reproduction of the energies of the collective states with particularL is related to the convenient choice of the dynamical symmetry and its reduction chain, thatcould be used for the classification of the states. The phenomenological Interacting Vector BosonModel (IVBM) was proven appropriate for a rather accurate description of the low laying spectraof even - even well deformed nuclei. The most general spectrum generating algebra of the modelis the algebra of the Sp(12,R) group. For instance, using this model the nicely good description offive rotational bands energies in 160Dy and six in 162Dy isotopes with one set of model parametersis done. The investigation was supported by Bulgarian Science Foundation under contracts F1501and F1496 and partially by RFBR.

26Plenary Reports


MODIFICATION OF MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND COATING j g tt

DEPOSITION USING PLASMA JET HI §• ' '• O

PogrebniakA.D.1. Rusimov Sh.M.2 gj o!Sumy Institute for Surface Modification, Sumy, Ukraine === 3

2Institute of Applied Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan ===

Using X-ray structure analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with micro-analysis, measurements of friction wear and micro-hardness, we studied surface melting effectsof powder coatings AN-35, which appeared as a result of action of concentrated energy flows(pulsed plasma flows). Plasma detonation deposition of a powder on a stainless steel substratewere accompanied by formation of an alloyed surface structure, which basic element wasa(hcp) and j3(fcc) cobalt. A temperature diapason chosen for coating formation (according to theXRD analysis) provided the formation of mtermetallic compounds of cobalt and chromium ofCoxCry type. Pulsed-plasma surface melting of powder coatings also induced doping of thenearsurface layer by molybdenum atoms. We found that chosen methods of analysis and surfacetreatment regimes provided essentially decreased wear, as well as increased microhardness andnanohardness of the irradiated surfaces. It was demonstrated that a resulting increase inservicing characteristics was related to the processes of phase transformations occurring in thepowder when it had been in a high temperature plasma-detonation flow as a result of pulsedplasma surface doping by molybdenum atoms, redistribution of the coating elements,appearance of micro- and nano^grain structure, as well as decreased coating porosity induced bythermal annealing by concentrated energy flows.

New experimental results on the structure and the elemental and phase composition ofhybrid coatings, which were deposited on a substrate of AISI 321 stainless steel using acombination of plasma detonation, vacuum arc and subsequent High-Current Electron Beam(HCEB) treatment, are presented. We found that an increase in energy density intensified mass-transfer processes and resulted in changes in aluminum oxide phase composition (y—>a andP—>a). Also we observed the formation of a nano-crystalline structure in AI2O3 coatings.Electron beam treatment of a hybrid coating surface induced higher adhesion, decreased theintensity of surface wear and increased corrosion resistance in a sulphuric acid solution. Thecorrosion resistance of the coatings was studied in several electrolytic solutions (0.5M H2SO4,1M HC1, 0.75M NaCl) using electrochemical techniques. In most cases the corrosion resistancewas improved, except those in NaCl solutions. The nano-hardness of the protecting coating was13GPa before electron beam melting and 9GPa after it (as a result of TiN and At2C>3 sub-layersmixing).

27Plenary Reports

•(§£> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006

ACCELERATOR BASED NUCLEAR ANALYTICALo METHODS FOR TRACE ELEMENT STUDIES INg> MATERIALS- CALCIFIED TISSUESoCD

^ Chaudhri M. Anwar3 Institute of Medical Physics, Klinikum-Nuernberg, Nuernberg, Germany

Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lahore, Pakistan

Various nuclear analytical methods have been developed and applied to determine theelemental composition of calcified tissues (teeth and bones). Fluorine was determined by promptgamma activation analysis through the 19F(p,ay)I6O reaction. Carbon was measured by activationanalysis with He-3 ions, and the technique of Proton-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) wasapplied to simultaneously determine Ca, P, and trace elements in well-documented teeth. Dentalhard tissues: enamel, dentine, cementum, and their junctions, as well as different parts of thesame tissue, were examined separately. Furthermore, using a Proton Microprobe, we measuredthe surface distribution of F and other elements on and around carious lesions on the enamel. Thedepth profiles of F, and other elements, were also measured right up to the amelodentin junction.

UZ0602971

SECONDARY NEUTRON PRODUCTION FROM PATIENTS DURINGTHERAPY WITH BREMSSTRAHLUNG AND HADRONS: ARE THERE

POTENTIAL RISKS WITH HADRONS; ESPECIALLY C-IONS?

Chaudhri M. AnwarInstitute of Medical Physics, Klinikum-Nuernberg, Nuernberg, GermanyPakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lahore, Pakistan

We were the first group in the world who accurately and unambiguously calculated andmeasured the secondary neutron produced from patients undergoing therapy with bremsstrahlungfrom 2-28 MeV end-point energies, and also estimated the corresponding radiation doses.Keeping in mind that the cross sections of neutron production from tissue are much higher underirradiation with heavier particles, such as protons, alpha particles, carbon and neon ions, etc. thanphoton bombardment, it would be expected that a lot more neutrons would be produced fromtissue during radiotherapy with hadrons (protons, alphas, carbon ions, Ne-ions, etc.).There is noreliable and useful data available on this subject in the literature.

By making use of the experimental neutron out put studies from different elements, we havebeen able to estimate the fiuence and energy distribution of these secondary neutrons from tissueunder irradiation with different hadrons. Our results indicate that at least 4.2 neutrons , withenergies greater than 5 MeV, are produced for every carbon ion of 400 MeV / u energy incidenton tissue. This number reduces to 3, 1.4 and 0.3 respectively at carbon energies of 300, 200 and100 MeV /u. The energy range of carbon ions considered here, 100 MeV/u to 400 MeV/u,corresponds to that being actually used in therapy. In the case of neon ions these figures (number

28Plenary Reports

<£g? The Sixth Internationa] Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 MP-50

of secondary neutrons / incident neon ion) are slightly higher. For irradiation with alpha particlesthe number of these secondary neutrons reduces to about 1 per alpha particle with incident energyof 200 MeV / nucleon. There would no doubt be even more neutrons with energies lesser than 5MeV which so far could not be estimated due to the lack of experimental data. In the case ofproton therapy the numbers of secondary neutrons of all energies (including those with energiesof lesser than 5 MeV) from tissue are estimated to be 0.05, 0.2 and 0.4 per proton of energies100, 200 and 300 MeV respectively.

For a physical treatment C-ion dose of 20 Gy in the Bragg Peak, the total number ofsecondary neutrons produced in patients are 1.6 x 10 9 / cm 2, 7.3 x 108 / cm 2, 2.5 x 10 8 / cm 2

and 4,1 x 10 7 / cm 2 respectively at carbon-ions energies of 400,. 300, 200 and 100 MeV / u.These approximately correspond to effective whole body doses of around 950, 120 and 19 mSvcm 2 respectively at C-ions energies of 400, 200 and 100 MeV / u, and doses to various organswhich could be as much as over 200 mGy cm 2 at 400 MeV / u energies of C-ions. In our opinionthe large number of secondary neutrons produced from patients during therapy with C-ions, andtheir corresponding doses, indicate they could have real potential to cause new primary cancersand cause other harmful side-effects in patients. It is therefore strongly recommended that seriousand careful considerations should be given before deciding to treat patients with C-ions,especially children, younger people and those who still have many years to live

UZ0602972

FORMATION OF NANOPARTICLES AND NANOSTRUCTURESUNDER IONISING IRRADIATION

Ibragimova E.M., Kalanov M.U., Khakimov Z.M.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Lately solid state physics and material sciences have been developing intensively towardsobtaining, studying and practical application of nano-particles and nanostructures, because ofunique properties capable of making technical revolution. Elaboration of tunnel and atom forcespectroscopy and also low angular X-ray scattering allowed one to see the form, determine thesizes and structure of nano-particles.

However one should mention that radiation material sciences have been dealing with sub-micron objects for a long time. Under interaction of high energy particles and ionizing radiationwith solids by elastic and inelastic mechanisms, at first point defects are created, then they formclusters, column defects, disordered regions (amorphous colloids) and finally precipitates ofanother crystal phase in the matrix. Such irradiation induced evolution of structure defects andphase transformations was observed by X-diffraction techniques in dielectric crystals of quartzand corundum, which exist in a, {3 and y crystal modifications. If there is no polymorphism, likein alkali halide crystals, then due to radiolysis halogen atoms are evaporated from the surface thatresults in non-stoichiometry or accumulated in the pores formed by metal vacancies in the sub-surface layer. Nano-pores are created by intensive high energy particles irradiation at firstchaotically and then they are ordered and in part filled by inert gas. It is well-known undesirablemechanism of radiation induced swelling and embrittlement of construction materials for nuclear

: 29Plenary Reports


reactors, which had been considered as a hardly resolved problem. But Nature has granted agenius solution - nano-structured materials, where there is neither swelling nor embrittlement atgas absorption due to very low density of the structure, while strength keeps high. Nuclearreactors of a new generation are being designed on the base of such nano-structures.

This review considers a few examples of computer modeling of nano-clusters andexperimental observations of radiation induced nano-inclusions in dielectrics andsemiconductors, which have been carried out at the Institute of Nuclear Physics recently.

Thus, after a long term gamma-irradiation of graphite at elevated temperature and pressure,nano-precipitates of diamond are formed with the critical size and definite orientation. Thestructure of graphite matrix changes so as to ensure the minimal lattice strains at the boundarywith diamond nano-crystallites.

We preformed research on obtaining hydrogen from water radiolysis and maximal physicalsorption on the carbon surface at the normal conditions. We could obtain carbon nano-tubes bygamma-irradiation of sooth and in the case of "wet" irradiation to observe intensive protonconductivity at room temperature. Since all mass is on the surface (2600 m2/g), the density ofnano-tubes is very low comparing with graphite and they possess very high hydrogen sorption-70 kgH/m3, and the conductivity increases from semiconducting to metallic. The initial materialwas powder of 70 % nano-carbon tubes, where gamma-irradiation in the dry air resulted in thefollowing structure transformations: amorphous phase, nano-graphite, nano-diamond onions.Gamma-irradiation of carbon films consisting of fullerene in liquid nitrogen and water vaporcaused formation of fullerite C60-..H...N and graphite, which contained up to 2 mass % of H andis denser than the initial one. This result has obvious application - nanocarbon is safe store forecologically pure hydrogen fuel. Hydrogen can be produced in the reactor from the cooling waterby means of ionizing radiation emitted at nuclear fission reactions.

Fundamental researches were done on radiation induced changes of structure, phasetransitions and electric conductivity in non-stoichiometric nano-structure materials in contactwith water. A clear example is: gamma-irradiation of highly porous wet silica glass results information of additional phase (nano-film of water on the pore surface) and peak increase inproton conductivity at room temperature. Due to water radiolysis oxygen atoms are accumulatedin the nano-pores of silica anode, and hydrogen is absorbed in carbon cathode, comprising ahydrogen fuel element.

Crystal lattice of the widest gap LiF dielectrics undergone to radiolysis lowers the inducedstrains by means of formation of twin structure. Being in contact with water vapor duringirradiation, at first amorphous precipitates are generated, and then there appear LiOH nano-crystallites of 50 nm size.

Due to gamma irradiation of silicon crystals rod like SiOx nano-inclusions are formed: theirdiameter is 2-3 nm and the length is up to 10 nm and they are distributed regularly (notchaotically) along [110] axis of Si matrix. The opposite process occurs in quartz glass under thereactor irradiation: rod-like nano-crystals of silicon and crystobalite (high temperaturemodification of quartz) are formed there.

Nanometer-size silicon clusters have been attracting much attention since the observation ofefficient luminescence from porous silicon, due to their potential use as light emitters in displaysor general illumination and as fluorescent probes for bioimaging. It is now well-understood thatthe small size of nanoparticles widens the band gap due to quantum confinement, relaxes theselection rules that decrease the efficiency of radiative recombination in indirect band gapmaterials, and reduces the probability of nonradiative recombination at defects. To date, Sinanoparticles ranging from 1 to 5 nm in diameter have been prepared by a variety of methods and

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^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006

found to exhibit photoluminescence at wavelengths ranging from blue to the near infrared. Note,main data on detailed structure of isolated nanostructures, unlike nanoscale structures in bulkmaterials, has been determined by theoretical calculations using ab initio and tight-bindingmethods. Though a large number of theoretical studies have been performed on the luminescentproperties and stability of silicon nanoparticles, defective clusters, particularly those withirregular shapes have received very limited attention; in fact, there is only one suchcomprehensive simulation for 1 nm diameter H-terminated particle involving 29 Si atoms.Almost all other simulations were performed on idealized, quasi-spherical (though including verylarge) structures with a diamond-like core, or on slight modifications of such structures. In thisreview we also consider recent results on computer simulations of realistic silicon clusters,performed by nonconventional tight-binding method (Z.M. Khakimov et. al. Phys. Rev. B 72,115335(2005)).

The work was supported by the Center for Science and Technology at Cabinet of Ministryof Republics Uzbekistan (F-2.1.2 and F-2.1.18), grants (4-04, 2-06, 6-06) of Uzbek AcademySciences Fund for Supporting Fundamental Research, as well as by international grants CRDFZC1-2519-TA-03 and STCU 23j.

UZ0602973

RADIATION STERILIZATION OF SOME PHARMACEUTICALPREPARATIONS AND MEDICAL PRODUCTS

Tashmetov M.YuA Makhkamov Sh.M.1, Urinov Sh.S.1,Turaev A.S.2, Sultanov M.S.2, Inagomov Kh.S.3

'institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2Institute ofBioorganic Chemistry, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

3OOO"Samitol", Tashkent, Uzbekistan

In connection with intensive development of pharmacology and medical techniques, use ofthe products contacting to blood, with the internal environment of an organism, with woundsurface, with mucous membranes and skin there were high requirements to sterility ofpharmaceutical preparations and medical products.

Traditional methods of sterilization (heat treatment, gas processing and processing theferry) have some restrictions in application, and not insufficient degree of sterilization requiredfor pharmaceutical preparations and medical products. Thermal processing can lead todegradation of structure (medicine), mechanical changes and loss of medical properties. Besides,it is impossible to carry out sterilization of many pharmaceutical preparations by a method of heattreatment. Sterilization of products in packing is very complicated, because sterilizationtemperature of packing and a product is different.

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-^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006 Mj-fMPNP'2006 IMP-50

Gas processing is basically applied to sterilization of medical products (syringes, bandage,cotton wools, etc.). However, the degree of sterility is low, because of rather low ability andheterogeneity of sterilizing substance. Sterilization in packing represents special difficulty anddemands additional charges related with delivery of the purified gas from abroad.

Last years alongside with known technological methods of sterilization of medical productsand pharmaceutical preparations radiating methods of processing have found wide application.

Use of electronic bunches with the moderate energy and various isotopes became a basis forformation and development of a new direction in the medicine, called by "radiation sterilization".The radiation technology is highly harmless and economic, not polluting substance andsurrounding space.

Unlike the specified traditional methods, radiating processing of products by the isotope60Co, radiating the gamma quantum, has unique opportunities - high penetrability in substance,providing uniformity of sterilization; a low power spectrum of radiation (1.25 MeV); radiatingactivity is completely excluded; low temperature at radiating processing; medical properties,quality and functional purpose of a preparation and a product are kept. Mechanical and structuralinfringements of processed production are excluded, high accuracy of the control of a phase ofirradiation, adaptability to manufacture and profitability of the method of processing areprovided.

By present time the technology of radiation sterilization of many kinds of pharmaceuticalpreparations and medical products is developed, however the sterilizing doze for each material -product in various different countries. It is connected with quality of materials and componentsfrom which pharmaceutical preparations and medical products are prepared, technologies of theirmanufacture, packing materials, and climatic conditions in each country.

Experimental works on development of technology of sterilization of pharmaceuticalpreparations and medical products is carried out in the two research channels gamma facility ofthe INP AS RU, designed for radiating processing of various products, substances andproduction.

As experimental objects for radiation sterilization: injection syringes for unitary application;surgical threads (catgut); hygienic packages, tampons, surgical cotton wool; the medical product"Glipil" are chosen.

Various dose and temperature regimes for sterilization of single use syringes, made inUzbekistan are studied, and certain optimal doze of sterilization is reached providing the highestdegree of sterility, as well as functionalities and initial optical parameters.

By the radiating of surgical threads (catgut, silk) in two gamma channels with variouscapacities at temperatures up to 25 °C a certain optimal doze of sterilization with preservation oftheir initial durability qualities was determined.

Medical product "Glipil" which demanding the special conditions of sterilization, connectednot only with sterilization, but also with preservation of medical properties and not destruction ofcommunication between radicals have been processed in six dose modes from D=105 Rad up toD= 4 MRad. The optimum doze of sterilization is determined.

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MPNP'2006The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006

ESTIMATION OF RISKS AND POSSIBLE ECOLOGICAL AND =ECONOMIC DAMAGES FROM LARGE-SCALE NATURAL AND B

MAN-INDUCED CATASTROPHES IN ECOLOGY-HAZARD SREGIONS OF CENTRAL ASIA AND THE CAUCASUS S

Vatyaev A.N.1. Kazakov S.V.1, Stepanets O.V.2

2 Nuclear Safety Institute, Moscow, RussiaInstitute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia

ocoo

It is our international Program with the participation of 6 countries: Russia, Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan. For all presented regions we single out thefollowing typical factors that significantly increase a risk of implementing natural and man-induced catastrophes:(l)these regions are located in the mountain areas with the high seismiclevel (5- 9 grades by Richter scale); (2)the largest mountain rivers have cascades of powerfulhydroelectric stations with their sizeable reservoirs and huge high dams (>100m); (3)on theregions' densely populated lands there are plenty of mines for extraction of metals/minerals,industrial facilities and plants with U-tailing dumps and burrows of varied pollutants with usingthe different radioactive, toxic and poisonous substances in their technologies; (3)the man-induced activity here increases probabilities for occurrence of not only severe man-inducedcatastrophes, but also natural ones; (4) An especially grave situation has been created on transboundary lands of these continue, due to the lack of common ecological and geochemicalmonitoring systems, that increases political and economic tension between the countries andgenerating negative migration processes; (5)risks and ecological-economic damages fromcatastrophes are not only regional but also global by nature, since they entail contamination ofvast lands, the basins of the Black, Caspian and Kara Seas, that of the Arctic Ocean and,consequently, the entire World Ocean; (6) opportunity to perform deliberate attacks of terroristswith the using of explosives, that are able to cause man-induced catastrophes and stimulatenatural calamities (earthquakes, mudflows, landslips, etc.). It is easier to implement attacks ofterrorists there due to the intersection of main lines, an available border with current centers ofinternational terrorism, located in Chechnya, Afghanistan and some others. The hazard isespecially great for new independent states, where the system of safety, boundary and customscontrol, that of strict visa control and other state safety measures have not yet been formedConsequences of terrorist attacks in the regions will be followed by major human and hugematerial losses, and extremely negative irreversible global scale environmental effects.

The humankind has faced the majority of the above issues for the first time and, therefore,there are no good suitable methods provided for their solving. A purposeful activity of allcountries of the world community is required. Program's results of Program 3 will be used in thefollowing: (1) When developing a methodology/strategy to regulate and manage risks inemergencies; (2)when mapping risk allocation by various lands; (3)when developing a commonsystem for emergency prevention/elimination.

Our Nuclear Safety Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences (IBRAE RAS) has ownexperience in these scientific directions (http://www.ibrae.ac.nA

This Program will promote the realization of concept of substantial development withgrowth of economical cooperation and stability, decreasing of political stress not only for thecountries- participants, but also at global scale for all countries, located at the continent.

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<{H? The Sixth International Conference " M o d e m Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006i MPNP'2006 INP-50

w STRUCTURAL MATERIALS FOR FUSION REACTORSr--o Kirk M.A.1, Yao Z.2, Jenkins M.L.2

o Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, USAID 2 Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

A long term solution to problems of energy production, green house gas generation, andpollution control may rest with controlled nuclear fusion reactors. Candidate structural materialsfor such reactors include low activation ferritic steels. Understanding and eliminating deleteriousirradiation effects in these materials is the goal of these experiments in this collaboration usingthe ANL facility.

In recent experiments on ferritic alloys we have recently found a significant difference withalloy composition in the microstructural response to irradiation, which corresponds to a bulkmechanical property change at a similar composition. In a collaboration between the Departmentof Materials at the University of Oxford and the Materials Science Division at Argonne NationalLaboratory, experiments which employ the unique transmission electron microscope and in situion irradiation user facility at ANL were performed on a series of Fe-Cr alloys. Enhancednanometer-sized defect formation with Cr concentrations up to II % have been found andcorrelated with a decrease in mechanical hardening and embrittlement in similar alloys.

UZ0602976

BETA-DECAY STRENGTH MEASUREMENT, TOTAL BETA-DECAYENERGY DETERMINATION, DECAY-SCHEME COMPLETENESSTESTING AND BETA-DELAYED PROCESSES STUDY BY TOTAL

ABSORPTION y - RAY SPECTROSCOPY

Izosimov I.N.1, Kalinnikov V.G.1, Solnyshkin A.A.1, Suhonen J.2i Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia

2 Department of Physics, University ofJyvaskyla, Finland

Total absorption y-ray spectroscopy (TAGS) is based on summation of cascade gamma-quantum energies in 47t-geometry [1]. TAGS may be applied for measurements of a (3-decaystrength function Sp(E), determination of the total P-decay energy Qp, and testing of decay-scheme completeness. The combination of TAGS with high-resolution y-spectroscopy may beapplied in studies of Sp(E) fine structure as well as in constructing detailed decay schemes [2].Total absorption spectrometers (TAS) are used in many laboratories and their constructions arebased on large-size Nal(Tl) crystals. Comparing the TAGS spectra with the existing data ondecay schemes, one may estimate the degree of decay completeness. It was shown that more than30 -50% of p,-decays to the high-lying nuclear levels (i.e. levels with excitation energies higherthan 2 - 3 MeV) in medium and heavy nuclei may not have been identified in decay schemes.The principles of construction of more complete decay schemes by using the combination ofTAGS spectroscopy with high-resolution y-spectroscopy are presented for both neutron-deficit

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$$£ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006_ MPNP'M06 WP-50

P+/EC- decay) and neutron-rich nuclei (P'-decay).The possibilities of TAGS applications intesting of completeness of decay schemes of fission products and more complete data using fordecay-heat calculations are discussed.

When using TOF systems with liquid or plastic scintillator detectors, there is the problemwith detection of low-energy neutrons (below ca. 500 keV), the energy region where most fissionproducts precursors have the main delayed neutron intensities. Applications of the 3He countersof special forms in combination with p-detectors and TAGS make it possible to study the delayedneutron emission with more high efficiency and to obtain new data about exotic neutron-richnuclei [3]. The 3He counters of special form with moderator and P-particle detector are placedinside total absorption gamma-spectrometer (TAGS) well and are used for neutrons and P-particle detection. TAGS is used for y-n, $-y, y-n-p coincidence/anticoincidence spectrameasurements. After moderation one increases the efficiency of neutrons detection and lossinformation about neutrons energy. Information about neutrons energy may be restored from p-n,y-n, P-y coincidence/anticoincidence spectra. Using our TAGS spectrometer and n-y coincidencetime window about few microseconds it is possible to obtain information about delayed neutronsspectra in the energy region below 500 keV with the efficiency about 10"2 [3]. Applications of the3He counters of special forms in combination with P-detectors and TAGS for the delayed neutronemission study are discussed.

The investigation was supported by the RFBR.

References:1. Yu.V.Naumov, A.A.Bykov, I.N.Izosimov. Fiz..Elem.Chastits At.Yadra. 1983. Vol 14. P.420

(in Russian) [SovJ.Part.Nucl. 1983. Vol.14. P. 175 (in English)].2. I.N.Izosimov, A.A.Kazimov, V.G.Kalinnikov, et al. Yadernaya Fizika. 2004. Vol. 67,No.lO.

P. 1901 (in Russian). [Physics of Atomic Nuclei. 2004. Vol. 67, No.10. P.1876 (in English)].3. I.N.Izosimov. In: Proceedings of the International Seminar on Interaction of Neutrons with

Nuclei (ISINN-13). JINR, Dubna, Russia 2005. (in print).

UZ0602977

INTERACTION OF RADIOACTIVE NUCLEI 129I, 237Np AND 127IWITH THE SECONDARY NEUTRONS FROM THE TARGET-BLANKET

SYSTEM "ENERGY + TRANSMUTATION"IRRADIATED BY 2.52 GeV DEUTERONS

Adam J.1'2, Katovsky K.1>3, Krivopustov M.I.1, Kumar V.4, Solnyshkin A.A.1,Steeailov V.I.1, Tsoupko-Sitnikov V.M.1, Westmeier W.5

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia2Institute Nuclear Physics, Rez, Czech Republic

^ Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic4Physics Department, University ofRajasthan, Jaipur, India

5Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universitat, Marburg, Germany

Target-blanket facility "Energy + Transmutation" was irradiated by deuteron beam of 2.52GeV extracted from the Nuclotron Accelerator in Laboratory of High Energies of Joint Institutefor Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia. Neutrons generated by the spallation reactions of

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2.52 GeV deuterons on lead target interact with subcritical uranium blanket. Integral of deuteronbeam during 9 h irradiation is 0.65(7) xlO13 particles. The RA samples of I (0.591 g of 129I),237Np(1.085.g) and stable 1271 (1.400g) were irradiated by secondary neutrons on the outsidesurface of uranium blanket. Transmutation of the samples - yields of residual nuclei wasinvestigated by gamma-spectroscopy methods. The energy spectrum of secondary neutrons wasalso investigated by threshold detectors. We obtain the data on absolute reaction rate (R- factors- per atom of the target, per one D or P) for some residual nuclei from our samples, and 127I wasused for subtraction its part (17% ) as a contamination of 129I. The results are given in tabs. Thedata on interaction of 2 GeV protons with the same targets at the same experimental conditionsare also presented [1]. Delay of measurement after end of irradiation was 5h for protons and 1 lhfor deuterons, and it made impossible registration of some short living nuclei as 128I, which hashigh issue on secondary neutrons. As it is possible to see from the tables 1 and 3, the results fordeuterons 2.52 GeV and protons 2 GeV are close with small deviations up and down, whichmeans that the main importance has the total energy of the input particles - deuterons andprotons. But for 237Np (table 2) the yield of residual nuclei for deuterons 2.52 GeV issystematically higher (near factor 1.3) then in case of 2.0 GeV protons.

Table 1. Residual nuclei produced and observedin 129I sample, R factor results for D and P.

Residualnuclei

^'Te™lI24II26i

130j

Tlfl

16.78d

13.27h

4.18d13.lid12.36h

Deut. 2.52GeVR

4.93(94) 10"*

4.38(125)10"*10.8(25)10"*816(40)10'"*

Prot. 2GeVR

3.9(7)10-*4.0(5)10"*22.5(44)10""809(33)10"*

Table 2. Residual nuclei produced and observedin 237Np sample, R factors results for D and P.

Residualnuclei

y / Zry yMo132Te

l J J I/ 3 SNp

T,/2

17.0h2.75d

3.26d

20.8h2.12d

Deut. 2.52GeVR

1.88(29)10""1.64(47)10-*2.17(32)10""

2.65(75)10""

1.70(8)10""

Prot. 2GeVR

1.59(8)10"

1.47(11)10""1.82(28)10""

1.33(3)10""

Table 3. Residual nuclei produced and observedin I sample, R factor results for D and P.

Residualnuclei

11 'In1L8mSb" y T emmTe

mll22Sb

124r

12iXeV2.br

T 1 / 2

16.78d5.00h16.03h

4.70d

2.12h2.72d

13.3h4.18d16.9h13.lid

Deut. 2.52GeVR

0.50(7)10"*

1.15(18)10"*1.15(26)10"*3.87(100)10"*1.24(15)10"*

11.6(14)10*18.3(11)10"*20.1(86)10"*70.4(3) 10"*

Prot. 2GeVR

0.38(10)10"*0.65(10)10"*

1.31(27)10"*1.03(12)10"*3.13(23)10"*

13.0(10)10"*19.0(10)10*

81(4)10*

Reference:1. J.Adam et al. // Abstracts of LV National conference on nuclear physics (June 28-July 1,

2005, Saint-Petersburg, Russia) p. 195.

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The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems ofNuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006

PARAMETRIC X-RAYS PRODUCED BY BETATRON INTERNAL BEAMIN CRYSTALLINE AND PERIODIC TARGETS

Kaplin V.V.1, Uglov S.R.1, Bulaev O.F.2, Voronin A.A.2, Piestrup M.A.3, Gary C.K.3

Nuclear Physics Institute, Tomsk, Russia2Research Institute of Introscopy, Tomsk, Russia

3Adelphi Technology Inc., California, USA UZ0602978

A number of the experiments have been carried out with using the betatron internal beamsto investigate the basic properties of parametric x-ray radiation generated in the crystals and amultilayer target (x-ray mirror). The betatrons B-18 and B-35 with maximum energies of 18MeV and 35 MeV were used for the experiments. The special goniometers were designed inorder to operate with the targets in the accelerator chambers in the alternating magnet fieldconditions. The orientational dependences of the spectra of PXR generated in the Si crystals anda pyrolitic graphite have been measured at the electron energies in the range of 12-33 MeV. Thespectra of PXR generated by 33 MeV electrons in the multilayer target have been measured too.The multilayer target is consisted of the 400 W/B4C bilayers with period T=1.486nm and has the15UM thick Si substrate. The investigations have shown that for the thin internal targets the yieldof x-ray radiation increases in dozens of times due to the multiple passes of the electrons throughthe targets.

The work is supported by the US Civil Research and Development Foundation (CRDF),project RUP2-581-TO-05.

UZ0602979

OBSERVATION OF X-RAYS GENERATEDBY RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS IN A FLAT WAVEGUIDE

Kaplin V.V.1, Sohoreva V.V.1, Uglov S.R.1, Bulaev O.F.2,Voronin A.A.2, Piestrup M.A.3, Gary C.K.3

Nuclear Physics Institute, Tomsk, Russia2 Research Institute of Introscopy, Tomsk, Russia

3Adelphi Technology Inc., California, USA

In this work, we have observed x-ray emission from x-ray waveguide radiator excited byrelativistic electrons. The experiment was carried out at the Tomsk betatron B-35. Such new typeof stratified target was mounted on a goniometer head inside the betatron toroid. The target isconsisted of the Ta-C-Ta layers placed on a Si substrate.

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The Sixth International Conference "Modem Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006

MPNP'2006

The photographs of the angulardistributions of the x-radiationgenerated in the target by 20-33MeV electrons have shown thewaveguide effect of the three-layer structure on thedistributions of the x-raysgenerated in the target. Theeffect proved in an angulardistribution of radiation as anadditional narrow peak of theguided x-rays intensity inside awide cone of usualBremsstrahlung. A result of thedivision the x-rays distributionson the principal wide andadditional narrow components isshown in Figure.

This work is supported bythe Russian Foundation forBasic Research (Project No.04-02-17-580).

%. mrad

Profiles of cross-sections of angular distributions ofx-rays generated at waveguide target orientations of-30 and - 20 mrad, curves 1 and 2, respectively.Curves 3- approximation of Bremsstrahlungcomponents of the distributions by the sum of theLorentz functions. Curves 1' and 2' - the guided x-rays components of the distributions.

UZ0602980

RECENT RESULTS ON INVESTIGATIONOF I6Op COLLISIONS AT 3.25 A GeV/C

Olimov K.1, Lutpullaev S.L.1, Olimov Kh.K.1, Petrov V.I.1,Yuldashev A.A.1, Yuldashev B.S.2, Bazarov E.Kh.2

'Physical-Technical Institute of SPA of "Physics-Sun", Tashkent, Uzbekistaninstitute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The experimental data reported here were collected with a 1 m hydrogen bubble chamberexposed to a beam of oxygen nuclei at a momentum of 3.25 GeV/c per nucleon at the JINR (JointInstitute for Nuclear Research, Dubna) synchrophasotron. Details of the experimental set-up havebeen published previously [1-2]. The mean relative errors of momentum measurements for surelyidentified protons (recoil protons) and ^-mesons, without any restrictions on their track length,are <AP/P> = 4.56%, and <AP/P> = 2.65%, respectively. For the reliable separation of fragmentsby mass we studied secondary particles with measured length L > 35 cm in the chamber. For thistype of selection, the mean relative errors in the measurements of the momentum did not exceed3.5% for all charges. The separation of proton-target and ^-mesons was done visually byanalyzing their ionization in the region of momentum p < 1.25 GeV/c. The absolute errors inmeasuring the azimuthal angle in the XOY plane proved to be <A{3> = (0.60±0.01) mrad, and

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<jj)p The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 . . . . INP-50

<Aa> = (1.5±0.02) mrad for the depth angle. In the definition of the inclusive cross-sections andmean multiplicities of fragments, the corrections taking into account the losses due to the above-mentioned restriction have been included.

The detailed analysis of energy characteristics of proton-fragments has been carried out andthe following results obtained [3-5]: the universal regularity is observed for the formation of theprotons flying forward in the rest system of fragmenting nucleus. It manifests itself asindependence of the mechanisms of production of these protons (except the evaporated protons)on the initial energy and on the nature of the nuclear target. It is established that the degree ofexcitation of the fragmenting nucleus has a substantial effect only on the shape of the momentumspectrum of backward protons and affects just partially the shape of the spectra of forwardprotons not originated from a cascade. In distribution of protons on kinetic energy in the region T= 60-90 MeV, an irregularity is observed which is due to the decay of two-nucleon systems as aresult of their absorption of the slow pions.

Experimental data on inclusive deuteron production in 16Op collisions [6] at high energieswere obtained for the first time under conditions of 4rc geometry. An irregularity in themomentum spectrum of deuterons in the rest frame of oxygen nuclei is found in the range 0.40 <p < 0.55 GeV/c, and the reasons for its appearance are discussed. The mean multiplicities ofsecondary fragments are correlated with the presence of deuterons in an event, these correlationsbeing positive for fragments of charge in the range Z{ < 4 and negative for fragments of charge inthe range 5 < Zf < 7. This is likely to be due to baryon-charge conservation. However nocorrelations are obtained between the mechanisms of formation of deuterons and other fragments.

The detailed analysis of formation of the "mirror" nuclei 3He2, 3Hi, and Li7, Be7 has beenperformed [2,7,8], It has been shown that the cross-sections of formation of the "mirror" nucleicoincide within the statistical uncertainties. For the nuclei 3He2,3Hj, their momentum and angularspectra also coincide when taking into account the differences in the errors of the measurement ofangle and momentum of these fragments.

For the first time, the new experimental data on the inclusive cross-sections of formationand yields of stable and unstable nuclei with the charge from 1 to 8 in !6Op interactions havebeen obtained [9]. Among multi-charge fragments, the a-particles have a highest inclusive cross-section of formation. The cross-sections of formation of the "mirror" nuclei with the massnumbers, differing on AA - ±1 from the main mass number, defined as A = 2Z, coincide withinthe statistical uncertainties. It should be noted that, within the statistical uncertainties, the cross-sections of formation of the "mirror" unstable isotope 9B and stable isotope 9Be coincide.

A phenomenological analysis of the channels for three- and four-a-particle production in16Op collisions at 3.25 A GeV/c [10, 11] for the 4^-geometry conditions is carried out for the firsttime. An experimentally observed azimuthal asymmetry in yields of a-particles in the transverseplane of collision is shown to be due to the transverse motion of the fragmenting nucleus.Herewith, the mean value of the transverse momentum, obtained by the fragmenting nucleus,equals to <P-t> = 0.24 GeV/c and practically does not influence the mean transverse momentumof the a-particles. An angular momentum, received by the fragmenting nucleus, is insignificant,and does not play a noticeable role in the azimuthal co-linearity experimentally observed information of three or four a-particles. The agreement of the Monte-Carlo simulations, supposingan absence of the angular momentum at the fragmenting nucleus, with the experiment supportsthis conclusion. In the exclusive channels (relative to the fragments) of the formation of three andfour a-particles, the "evaporation" process dominates over the insignificant cascade process,which shows the peripheral character of interactions for these channels.

For the first time, the phenomological analysis of the channels of three a-particleproduction in collisions of relativistic oxygen nuclei with protons is carried out [12]. It is shown

39Plenary Reports

<g§? The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September ] 9-22, 2006MPNP'2006 1NP-S0

that one third is realized as a result of decay of the excited nucleus 12C*, and the rest - throughdirect Fermi - decay of quazielastic knock out of one a particle from weakly bound recoilnucleus, containing three a-clusters. The results of Monte-Carlo modeling of decay of excitedsystem, containing three a-clusters on isotropic phase space model describes the experimentaldata at small values of excitation energy (AE < 15 MeV).

The analysis made on fragmentation of relativistic oxygen nuclei in interactions withprotons at 3.25 A GeV/c shows that the structure of the initial nucleus (alpha-cluster structure)plays a substantial role in the formation of the final products.

References:1. V.V. Glagolev et al., JETP Lett. 58, 497(1993).2. V. V. Glagolev et al., JETP Lett. 59, 336(1994).3. E. Kh. Bazarov, V. V. Glagolev et al., Yadernaya Fizika 67,736(2004).4. E. Kh. Bazarov, V. V. Glagolev et al., Yadernaya Fizika 68, 1607(2005).5. E. Kh. Bazarov, Yadernaya Fizika 68, 1611(2005).6. E. Kh. Bazarov, V.V. Glagolev et al., Yadernaya Fizika 68, 1451 (2005).7. V.V. Glagolev et al., The European Physical Journal, A l l , 285(2001).8. K. Olimov et al., Yadernaya Fizika, to be published (2007).9. E. Kh. Bazarov, V. V. Glagolev et al., Pis'ma v JETF 81,174(2005).10. E. Kh. Bazarov, V. V. Glagolev et al., Yadernaya Fizika 67, 730(2004).11. E. Kh. Bazarov, V. V. Glagolev et al., Yadernaya Fizika 67,2297(2004).12. E. Kh. Bazarov, V.V. Glagolev et al., Yadernaya Fizika 67, 2207(2004).

UZ0602981

POSITRON ANNIHILATION ON ATOMS OF SPACE PLASMA

Grafutin V.I., Svetlov-Prokop'ev E.F., Razinkova T.L., Zakharov A.F.Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia

Various atoms [A] and ions [A4"] of space plasma at interaction with free positron states ofplasma (fast and slow positrons, positronium atoms (Ps), Wheelers complexes (Ps~), etc. [1,2])can form the bound systems [A]e+ and [A]Ps. The problem of the bound positrons annihilation onthe space plasma atoms can give valuable information on their structure and energies that is onspace plasma is a structure. Calculation of energies Ei and annihilation characteristics of a boundpositron in atom systems [A]e+ and molecular systems [A]Ps is complicated. Therefore, theapproach is used according to which properties of systems [A]e+ and [A]Ps in space plasma aresimilar to properties of free systems [A]e+ and [A]Ps. Thus influence of plasma on [A]e+ and[A]Ps is neglected. For discussion of a positron annihilation problem in systems [A]e+ and [A]Psthe results of calculations within the limits of a method of [3-6] bound states of electron-positronpairs on atoms [A] and ions [A+] were used. Below the modified theory of this method andapproach of modeling the potential for calculation of energies and annihilation characteristics ofthe bound systems [A]e+ and [A]Ps in space plasma are offered.

From the results received by us it follows, that systems Ae* are stable concerningdisintegrations Ae+ ->A + e+ and Ae+ —> A+ + Ps(e~e+). Hence systems Ae+ in plasma are

40Plenary Reports

<$tfr The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNF'2006 _ Pff-50

dynamically stable in the accepted free atom approach. The results received by us also specifythat electronic density p(Ae+) by position of a bound positron in atom systems Ae+ is slightlyless than similar size for positronium atom p(e+e~)and increases from lithium to cesium.Annihilation rate ^ and half-life z2y of positron in systems Ae+ are practically equal to similar

average sizes for the case of positronium atom: X,r =2-109sec'1, r2y =5-10"10 sec.It is shown, that annihilation of the bound positrons on atoms and ions of space plasma

Ae+and A~e+ contributes to a component half life time of tly < 5 • 10"10 and intensity with half

time of the free positrons T2y ~ 3 • 106 years in plasma. [1,2].

References:1. E.M. Churazov, R.A. Syunyaev, S.Yu. Sazonov et al. // UFN 2006, T. 176, No. 3, p.334.2. E.P.Prokop'ev // Astronomical J.. 1994. Vol.70. N23. P.906.3. V.I.Goldanskii, A.V.Ivanova, E.P.Prokop'ev // In book: Nuclear chemistry. Moscow: Nauka,

1965. C.249.4. U.A.Arifov, P.U.Arifov. Physics of slow positrons. Tashkent: FAN, 1971. 244 p.5. P.U.Arifov et al. Quantum properties of atoms and ions and positron diagnostics. Tashkent:

FAN, 1975.242 p.6. P.U.Arifov et al. Atom systems with positrons and positrons diagnostics. Tashkent: FAN,

1978.192 p.

UZ0602982

INCOMMENSURATE MAGNETIC MODULATIONSIN THE MAGNETIC SUPERCONDUCTOR HoNi2B2C

Schneider M.\ Allenspach P.2, Kreyssig A.3, Zaharko O.1,Keller L/,Canfield P.C.4

1 Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, Zurich, Switzerland2 Laboratory for Developments and Methods, PSI Villigen, Switzerland

3Institutfur Festkbrperphysik, Germany4Ames Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, USA

The borocarbide HoNi2B2C is an unconventional superconductor of particular interest, sincelong-range magnetism coexists and competes with superconductivity on a common energy range[1]. Our study is based on high quality single crystals of nB-substituted HoNi2B2C. The neutrondiffraction investigations are devoted to two issues of specific relevance to HoNi2B2C. Firstly, thenear re-entrant phase between 5K<T<6K which is characterized by the commensurate-incommensurate competition of different magnetic structures. Secondly, starting from theantiferromagnetically ordered state at 2K we observed incommensurate magnetic modulations ofthe title compound stabilized as a function of the applied magnetic field. Comprehensive single-crystal neutron diffraction for an applied magnetic field in different directions stresses therichness of the system under investigation and revealed that the magnetic phase diagram ofHoNi2B2C is more complicated than proposed so fare [2]. Furthermore we performed a sphericalneutron polarimetry experiment to determine the two ICM magnetic structures of H0M2B2C andneutron spectroscopy investigations to obtain the microscopic magnetic coupling parameters. Allthese studies resulted in quite a consistent and complete picture of magnetism in HoNi2B2C,

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The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006INP-50

however, we could not find clear evidence for a strong interaction between superconductivity andmagnetism.

References:1. K.-H. Mailer, V. N. Narozhnyi Rep. Prog. Phys. 64(2001)943.2. T. E. Grigereit et al. PRL 73(1994)2756.

UZ0602983

OVERVIEW OF LONG-TERM OBSERVATIONSOF RADIOACTIVITY IN THE AREA AROUND INSTITUTE

OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS OF UZBEKISTANACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Salikhbaev U.S.. Yuldashev B.S., Radyuk R.I.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The radiation protection problem is mainly important with its relation with potentialradioactivity threat to society and environment. Therefore, development of nuclear science inUzbekistan since foundation of the Institute of Nuclear Physic (INP) is directly related toradiation protection of the personnel, population and environment.

One of the major tasks highlighted in this report, importance of complex approach to theradiation protection and security, is worth of mentioning. Development of such an approachallows creation of a concept to predict the radiation situation and transition to radiationmonitoring around the research nuclear centre. The aim of this complex approach to the solutionof the radiation protection task is to find the methods for making predictions and managing theradiation situation around the nuclear centre. Complex approach to this research impliesintegration of theoretical and experimental activities. Theoretical studies involve primarilyradiation prediction models. Experimental works are, on one hand, the data to approve thetheoretical models, the obtained empirical parameters, and, on the other hand, information on theradiation situation for its forecasting. Lack of reliable information on the radioactivity levelcreates various rumours and is the major reason for radiophobia.

The aim of this report is to present realistic information on the radioactivity level at the INPAS RU site and at the surrounding area, which is based on long-term measurements provided bythe radiation protection department. In this work the following results of the research arepresented:

• total beta and gamma-activity of herbs and soil:• specific activity of waters (waste, underground, and surface);• activity of the air aerosols;• activity of the atmospheric precipitations;• background at the site of the INP, at the sanitary-protection area and observation area.

What has been accomplished for these years?

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<jg£ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'1006 _ _ ___ INP-50

Firstly, the model for cobalt and caesium radionuclides migration in soils was elaborated.Here, the sorption of these radionuclides in the soil, and their form in the soil were studied aswell as the convective transition rate and diffusion coefficients were calculated for theirmigration in the bulk of the soil. The spatial-temporal distributions of cobalt and caesiumradionuclides in soils and their vertical distribution in soil were studied.

The proposed mathematical description of the abovementioned radionuclides migrationallows prediction of the migration processes in case of unexpected emergency situations causedby discharge radioactive materials to the environment.

Secondly, based on large experimental material, the model was proposed aimed atprediction of the radiation situation around the nuclear centre by means of calculation of thehuman collective radiation dose caused by the discharge and waste from the nuclear reactor.

The proposed method of dose calculation for human irradiation with the artificialradionuclides in the environment was concurred with the Health Ministry of the Republic ofUzbekistan, and is continuously used at evaluation of the radiation situation of the Institute.

Systematic control over the air aerosols allowed detection of consequences of nuclearweapon testing in China, India and Pakistan.

All environmental radioactivity information is entered to the database.Based on the long-term observations one can draw the following conclusion: environmental

radioactivity at the site of the nuclear research centre stays constant and is conditioned by thenatural radioactivity and global precipitations. Compared to those, the contribution from thenuclear-physical facilities is not discovered.

UZ0602984

TRANSMUTATION OF 129I,237Np, 238Pu, 239Pu AND 241AmUSING NEUTRONS PRODUCED IN TARGET-BLANKET SYSTEM

"ENERGY+TRANSMUTATION" BY RELATIVTSTIC PROTONS

Adam J.1'2, Katovsky K.w, Balabekyan A.4, Kalinnikov V.G.1,Krivopustov M.I.1, Kumawat H.1'5, Solnyshkin A.A.1, Stegailov V.I.1,

Stetsenko S.G.1, Tsoupko-Sitnikov V.M.1, Westmeier W.61 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia

2 Institute Nuclear Physics, Rez, Czech Republic3Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic

4State University, Yerevan, Armenia5University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India

Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universitdt, Marburg, Germany

Target-blanket facility "Energy+Transmutation" was irradiated by proton beam extractedfrom the Nuclotron Accelerator in Laboratory of High Energies of Joint Institute for NuclearResearch in Dubna, Russia. Neutrons generated by the spallation reactions of 0.7, 1.0, 1.5 and2 GeV protons on lead target interact with subcritical uranium blanket. In the neutron fieldoutside the blanket radioactive iodine, neptunium, plutonium and americium samples wereirradiated and transmutation reaction yields (residual nuclei production yields) have beendetermined using methods of gamma-spectrometry. Neutron field's energy distribution has also

43Plenary Reports

The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 INP-SO

been studied using a set of threshold detectors. Results of transmutation studies of 1291,237Np,238Pu ,239Pu, and 241Am are presented. A large number of absolute nuclide production yields(termed as R-values) from stable as well as highly radioactive samples have been measured onthe E+T setup for primary proton kinetic energies in the range 0.7 GeV < Ep< 2 GeV. The datamay serve as a viable database for the adjustment of theoretical model computer codes and forcomparison of calculated results with experimental findings. "Energy+Transmutation" is aunique facility and its potential has been used to make as much experimental work as possible.Using the obtained data we calculated transmutation of the radioactive samples, see Table 1, inwhich we have taken hypothetical 10 mA current of accelerator and irradiation time of 30 days.Presented experimental results are the first results on plutonium transmutation at"Energy+Transmutation" target-blanket system.

Table 1. Incineration [%] of radioactive nuclei with secondary neutrons produced inE+T setup using protons with various energies.

RadioactiveIsotope

12yI2 J 7 Np""Pu2 j yPu

2 4 1 Am

Incinerat ion30 days [%1

0.7 GeV0.081.64—

0.91

1.0 GeV0.0753.530.340.79

1.5 GeV0.1323.66

—0.90

2.0 GeV0.1533.180.341.17<2.6

44Plenary Reports

MPNP'2006

Section I

Physics of Particlesand Nuclei

Jfil • f%<%g The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006 t^p

MPNP'2006- • i • i • ••• _-. - _ I N P - S O

CROSS SECTION OF 6'7Li(d,6'7Li)2H AND 6Li(3He,d)7Be REACTIONS M «oAT ENERGIES OF 5-15 MeV/NUCLEON ^ <§

Burtebaev N.T., Sakhiev S.K., Sagindvkov Sh.Sh.. Zhurinbayeva G.S. jInstitute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty, Kazakhstan \

At present it is well-known, that direct methods for determination of radiative capturereaction cross sections encounter significant difficulties. This sharp exponential decrease of crosssection to about zero energy caused by increasing background at this energy range. To solve thisproblem laboratories were built underground, or procedure of background subtraction wasapplied. Using thick targets for these purposes resonance contribution can be smoothed. Thuslately the indirect methods of cross-sections evaluation: coulomb break-up, Trojan horse method,transfer reactions method [1] were widely obtained.

Li(p,y)7Be radiative capture reaction have a great value for build-up of 7Li nuclei, which isproduced from electron capture by final 7Be nucleus. Astrophysical S-factor for this reactionwere obtained at energies up to E>150 keV with 30% errors in low energy range [2]. Calculatedreaction rates for temperature T9 < 1.5 were 30 % higher than recommended values from work[3]. This discrepancies can be connected with a big experimental errors and unambiguities ofextrapolation procedure for S-factors in low energy range. In present work for evaluation ofastrophysical S-factor of the 6Li(p,y)7Be reaction the proton transfer reaction 6Li(3He,d)7Be wasused, which gives possibility for determination of nuclear vertex constant for virtual decay7Be-»6Li+p. It is possible because vertex of these reactions are identical.

For calculation of reaction cross-section in framework of distorted waves thephenomenological optical potential for 6Li-3He channel was used. Also in calculation the clusterfolding potential for d-7Be interaction was used. Calculations were carried out by using ofmodified version of DWUCK5 code, which adjust asymptotical normalized coefficient todifferential cross section of transfer reaction. From calculated differential cross sections at smallangles of scattering, the characteristics of virtual decay vertex 7Be->6Li+p were extracted.Results of calculation are compared with results of calculation in framework of standard model ofBorn distorted waves.

References:1. A.Tumino, C. Spitaleri ab, L. Pappalardo The Trojan-horse Method applied to the

6Li(p,a)3He reaction down to astrophysical energies // Nuclear Physics A734 (2004) p. 639-642

2. Z. E. Switkowski, J. C. P. Heggie, D. L. Kennedy and D. G. Sargood, F. C. Barker and R. H.Spear Cross section of the reaction 6Li(p, y)7Be //Nucl.Phys. A331 (1979) p. 50

3. F.E. Cecil, D. Ferg, H. Liu, J.C. Scorby, J.A. McNeil, P.D. Kunz Evaluation of reaction ratesfor (p,y) process on light nuclei //Nucl. Phys. - V.A539. - 1992. - N.I.- p. 75 - 87.

CMi O

!§IN

47Section I. Physics of Particles and Nuclei

•§*$ The Sixth International Conference "Modem Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006 K.&MPNP'2006 _, _ I N p - ? 0

INVESTIGATION OF INTERACTION BETWEEN THE BOMBARDINGIONS AND SURFACE ATOMS OF Ni-C ALLOY

SchurD.V.1, Matysina Z.A.2, Zaginaichenko S.Yu.'' Institute for Problems of Materials Science, Kiev, Ukraine

2 State University, Dnepropetrovsk Ukraine

UZ0602986

Solid ion-scattering spectroscopy can be used to determine the composition, atomic structure andsuperstructure of solid solutions, and to reveal the surface segregation of the solid solution componentsand the development of surface relaxation. It is known that the bombardment of solid surfaces byelementary particles, in particular, by hydrogen, helium, neon, argon, xenon and other elemental ionscan be studied to solve such problems [1-5]. Interaction between the bombarding ions and solid's atomscan change the composition and the structure of the solid. The emergence of solid component surfacesegregation, the origin of radiation damage and the development of ion-beam alloying are possible underion bombardment.

A quasi-amorphous layer with a thickness of approximately 10 A is formed on the surface as aresult of mechanical treatment (by grinding and polishing). The stability of this Beilby layer depends onthe carbon admixture in the nickel. The influence of ion bombardment and chemical etching on thepolishing surface of the carbon solid solution in the nickel and on the structure of the carbon filmformed during solution decay has been investigated. Ion bombardment of the Ni-C alloy surface hasbeen conducted within half an hour in highly pure argon at a voltage of 3 kV and a current of 5 mA. Thesurface of the carbon film has been observed with a microscope and it structure with an electron graphicmicroscope.

Three electron diffraction patterns of the films formed at the surface of Ni-0.4%C alloy specimenshave been received and are presented in Fig. 1. These films have been obtained (a) immediately aftermechanical polishing of the surface with diamond paste, (b) after ion bombardment of the polishingsurface by the argon beam and finally (c) after etching of the polished surface by nitric acid.

It has been established that the carbon films consists of graphite crystals if carbon isprecipitated on the surface treated by an ion stream or by chemical etching during solution decay. It isconcluded that the Beilby layer formed as a result of the mechanical polishing of a metal surface isdestroyed by ion bombardment. Its removal promotes carbon crystallization in the form of perfectgraphite crystals. It should also be noted that the phenomenon of carbon film graphitization using ionbombardment can serve as an indicator of the presence or absence of the Beilby layer on the surface ofcarbonaceous solid solutions, i.e. the appearance of the structural line (112) in the electron diffractionpattern of a carbon film indicates the disappearance of the polishing layer.

48

Fig. 1. Electron diffraction patterns of carbon films formed on the surface of Ni-0,4%Csamples: (a) surface subjected to mechanical polishing with diamond paste; (b) surfacesubjected to ion bombardment after mechanical polishing; (c) surface etched chemically by

Section I. Physics of Particles and Nuclei


nitric acid after mechanical polishing. The electron diffraction patterns have been obtainedwith the film perpendicular to the electron beam.

References1. M. Kaminsky Atomic and Ionic Impact Phenomena on Metal Surfaces (Berlin: Springer-

Verlag, 1965), 506 p.2. M.W. Thompson Defects and Radiation Damage in Metals (Cambridge: University Press,

1969), 367 p.3. J.W. Mayer, L. Eriksson, J.A. Davis Ion Implantation in Semiconductors (New York, NY:

Academic Press, 1970), 296 p.4. C. Lehmann Interaction of Radiation with Solids and Elementary Defect Production

(Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company, 1977), 296 p.5. Z.A. Matysina, M.I. Milyan, K.L. Tsinman (1990) Ordering of Atoms in CuZn Alloy under

Radiation // Fizika. Izvestiya. Vysshykh Uchebnykh Zavedeniy 5, P. 116-118 (in Russian).

UZ0602987

REACTION CROSS SECTION FOR THE INTERACTIONOF 6He AND 6Li WITH SILICON AT 5- 40 MeV/NUCLEON

Zholdvbaev T.K.1, Dlouhy Z.2, Kuznetsov LV.3, Kulko A.3, Kuhtina I.N.3, Kushniruk V.F.3,Kuterbekov K.A.1, Penionzhkevich Yu.E.3, Sobolev Yu.G.3, Ugryumov V.Yu.3

'institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty, Kazakhstan2Institute of Nuclear Physics, Rez, Czech Republic

3 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia

One of the most exciting recent events in nuclear physics has been the discovery ofextended neutron distributions in exotic neutron-rich nuclei. Reaction cross sections (CJR) of thesenuclei have been widely studied and have shown a remarkable sensitivity to the nucleondistribution [1] of nucleus under study. Particularly, this is due to the behaviour of nucleon-nucleon cross sections at low energies.

The energy dependence of CJR for the 6He and 6Li at energies 5-40 MeV/nucleon has beenmeasured by the transmission technique. In our experiments we have used a silicon multi-layertelescope. The first thin detector has measured an energy-loss of incoming particles. The nextdetector used as active target where various nuclear reactions takes place has measured theirdeposition energy. Thus we may separate the ions undergoing the reaction on the target fromthose ones which do not interact. The results of measurements, data from literature [2,3] andoptical model calculations [4] are presented in Figure 1.


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2dO6 INP-SO

2,0

1 , 8 -

1 , 6 -

1,4 -

1,2

O "He• sLi (direct measurement)SK Li (from angular distributions

of elastic scattering [2])20 30 40

E/A [MeV/nucleon]

Fig. 1: Energy dependence of reaction cross section on silicon.

References:1. A.Ozawa, T.Suzuki, and I.Tanihata, Nucl.Phys. A693, 32 (2001);2. M.El-AzabFarid and M.A.Hassanain, Nucl.Phys. A678, 39 (2000);3. R.E.Warneretal.,Phys.Rev. C54, 1700(1996);4. S.A.Fayans, O.M.Knyazkov et al, Phys.Lett. B357, 509 (1995).

UZ0602988

NUCLEAR FORM IN SCISSION POINTAT DIFFERENT KINETIC ENERGIES

Koblik Yu.N., Pikul V.P., Yuldashev B.S.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Form of a fission nucleus in the scission point is determined by the relation of the futurefragments masses, deformation, shell structure and quantum-mechanical effects (nucleartemperature, nuclear friction, intranuclear interaction). It is important to establish the contributionof each of these factors in dynamics of nuclear fission, that will allow more precisely to describeformation of the fragments nuclei at descent from the saddle point to the scission point. In thefinal account, the form of a nucleus determines kinetic energy of scattering fragments and theirenergy of excitation, and energy of deformation. The kinetic energy, charge and masses ofscattering fragments are experimentally determined. Using modeling performances of fissionprocess, by these experimental results it is possible to find the form of a fission nucleus in thescission point.

On procedure in detail described in [1] there was determined a distance between fragmentsin the scission point at the fixed values of kinetic energy EK for an easy fragment in a range ofmass numbers 68 < A < 110 in case of fission 235U by thermal neutrons. The values of a fragmentcharge ZL were used from work [2]. Further on a technique offered in work [3], there weredetermined sizes of fragments nuclei and their parameters of deformations pY and %.


<^> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 _____ INP-50

The executed accounts show, what at values 88 MeV < Ek < 108 MeV the spherical form atfragments with A__ = 76 H Ah = 134 (pL, (3h « 0 is observed. These fragments are formed withsmall excitation; the issue of neutrons from them practically is absent. At additional to them offragments (Ah = 160, A L = 102) are observed of the large energy of excitation and deformation.The fragments with AL < 76 and Ah < 130 pass from the spherical form to flatten form. Thefragments with Ah < 126 again get the extended form. If to fix any measuring parameters (EK,TKE, Zi7Zh, AiVAh) and to use independent yield of fragments, it is possible to determine adegree of influence of these parameters on the form of a fission nucleus in the scission point. Thedependences between these parameters are established.

References:1. Yu.N.Koblik, V.P. Pikul et al. Izvestiya RAN, s.p., 2006, v.70, JN° 5, p.673.2. W.Lang, H.-G.Clerc et al. Nucl.Phys., 1980, v. A345, p.34.3. S.Prakash, S.B.Manohar et al. J.Inorg.Nucl.Chem, 1972, v.34, p.*

UZ0602989

STUDY OF THE ELASTIC DEUTERON SCATTERINGON BORON ISOTOPES

Baktybayev M.K.1, Burtebayev N.T.1, Burtebayeva Ju.T.1, Duisebayev B.A.1,Dzhazairov-Kakhramanov V.1, Zazulin D.M.1, Zarifov R.A.1, Ismailov K.M.1,

Isabekova G.S.1, Satpayev N.K.1, Sargaskaev A.M.1, Seitembetov A.M.1, Artemov S.V.2,Bajajin A.G.2, Karakhodzhaev A.A.2, Kayumov M.A.2

'institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty, Kazakhstan2Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Research of one nucleon transfer reactions on the light nuclei with deuterons has importantrole for solving some astrophysical tasks. The realistic parameters of the optical potential (OP) ofdeuteron interaction with nuclei are needed for calculation of the cross sections of the reactions.Actually the only source of obtaining of these parameters is the analysis of the experimentaldifferential cross sections of the elastic scattering in the framework of Optical Model (OM).

For this purpose the measurements of the angular distributions of elastic scattering10B(d,d)I0B, llB(d.d)nB have been carried out on the external deuteron beam of the isochronouscyclotron U-I50-M of Institute of Nuclear Physics NNC of Kazakhstan at the energy Ed=25MeV. The measurements have been made in the angular region 7° - 97° with the step 2°. Thestatistical error of the data is not more 2 -5 % and in minimum of the angular distributions theycan be up to 6-^15%.

For experimental measurement of the angular distributions of elastically scattered deuteronson boron isotopes thin self-supported foils were manufactured of the enriched boron materials.The evaporation was carried out by the method of local heating of a sample by the focusedelectron beam. The boron isotope was put on the glass surface. After annealing during 12 hours atthe temperature 1500° C the films of boron were taken off from the glass plates and removed onspecially prepared frames. The thicknesses of the targets 10B and n B are equal 0.21 mg/cm2s and0.50 mg/cm2 correspondingly.



For registration and identification of the reaction products the (AE-E) - method was usedwhich is based on simultaneous measurement of specific energy losses dE/dx of the chargedparticle in the substance of AE-detector and its full kinetic energy E by a telescope of semi-conductor detectors.

The analysis of the obtained experimental cross sections of the elastic deuteron scatteringon the boron isotopes has been fulfilled in the frameworks of the OM with the Woods-Saxonpotential for systematization of the OP parameters in a wide energy range.The optimal description of the experimental data has been obtained at the fixed values of the OPgeometry parameters: rv=1.17 fm and AV=1-33 fin within the energy range 11.8 + 28 MeV [1-3].Thus the dependence of the depth of the real and imaginary parts of potential on the energy isestablished.

The work is carried out in the framework of the project ISTC #K-1I28 at the financialsupport of the state department of USA.

References:1. Fitz W. et al. Scattering and Pick-up Reactions with Deuterons on Be, B, C, N and O at 11.8

MeV//Nucl. Phys., -1967. - V. A101, - P.449.2. Busch C.E. et al. The Cross Section and Vector Analyzing Power for the Elastic Scattering of

15.0 MeV //Nucl. Phys. -1974.-V.A223. -P. 183..3. Gaillard M.et al. Comparaison des Reactions (d,3He) et (d,t) sur Quelques Noyaux N=Z //

Nucl. Phys. -1968. -V.A119, -P. 161.

UZ0602990

INVESTIGATION OF THE NEUTRON PICK-UP REACTIONS ON10 n B NUCLEI AT THE ENERGY OF 25 MeV

Artemov S.V.1, Bajajin A.G.\ Karakhodzhaev A.A.\ Kayumov M.A.1,Baktybayev M.K.2, Burtebayev N.T.2, Duisebayev B.A. 2, Zazulin D.M. 2, Zarifov R.A.

Isabekova G.S.2, Sagindykov Sh.Sh.2, Sargaskaev A.M. 2, Seitembetov A.M.2

'institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2 Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Investigation of nuclear reactions is the basic source of obtaining of the information aboutstructure of nucleus, its properties and mechanisms of nuclear interaction. The most convenientmean of obtaining such information is investigation of direct reactions which occurs in theperipheral part of a nucleus. There are plenty of works on studying the direct reactions on theboron isotopes, but it should be said that they were mainly carried out at the energies 8 -18 MeV.

We have obtained the experimental values of differential cross sections of the reaction (d,t)on the 10B and ' 'B isotopes at the energy Ea=25 MeV within the angular region 7° - 97° with step2° on the isochronous cyclotron U-150-M of Institute of Nuclear Physics NNC of Kazakhstan.The statistics in the peaks corresponding to population of the ground states of nuclei 9B and 10Bin the reactions 10B(d,t)9B and uB(d,t)10B is 200-300 events. The (AE-E) - technique was used inthe experiments for selection of the reaction products.


<^> The Sixth Internationa] Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006 l^jpMPNP'2006 rWP-50

The analysis of these processes has been carried out using the modified Distorted WaveBorn Approximation which includes formalism of the distorted wave method dispersionapproaches of the Direct Reaction Theory [1,2]. For calculation of the distorted waves the opticalpotentials of interaction in the systems d+10B and d+nB have been used which were obtainedfrom the analysis of deuterons elastic scattering by nuclei 10B and n B in the energy interval 12 +28 MeV within the framework of the optical model.

The asymptotical normalization coefficients of the overlapping functions as well as thespectroscopic factors for the configurations {n+9B} and {«+10B} have been obtained. Furtherthese data are planned to use for extrapolation of the cross sections of astrophysical radiativeneutron capture to the area of very low energies.The Work is executed within the framework of the Project STCU #3081 at financial support ofthe State Department of USA.

References:1. I.R. Gulamov et al. // Phys. At. Nucl. 1995. V.58. P. 1689.2. S.V. Artemov et al. //Phys. At. Nucl. 2000. V.63. P.I763.

UZ0602991

DETERMINATION OF nn SCATTERING LENGTH FROM DATAON nn FINAL STATE INTERACTION IN nd-BREAKUP REACTION

Konobeevski E.S., Mordovskoy M.V., Sergeev V.A., Potashev S.I,, Zuev S.V.Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia

An experiment is proposed for the high-precision determination of the neutron-neutronscattering length investigating the nn final state interaction in the nd breakup reaction. The singletpp and nn scattering lengths are very sensitive probes of the NN-interaction, and their differenceis a direct measure of charge-symmetry breaking (CSB) of the nuclear force. However CSB is asmall effect, and accurate values of the scattering lengths are needed for a theoretical analysis.The proton-proton scattering length is well known from pp-scattering data (app = -17.3±0.4 fm),and its uncertainty is mainly due to a model-dependent procedure of removing Coulomb effects.The neutron-neutron scattering length is determined from the following processes n+d->p+n+n,7f+ d-> y+n+n, d+d->2He+n+n by investigating the kinematic region of the nn final-stateinteraction (FSI) where two neutrons fly with low relative energy. The results obtained by noware characterized by a significant uncertainty in values of ann; they are grouped near -16 and -19fm [1,2], so even the sign of the difference ann - app is uncertain.

In this experiment neutron-neutron scattering length is determined by measuring the yieldof the nd breakup reaction as a function of the relative energy snn=(Ei +E2-2(EiE2)1/2cos9)/2 oftwo neutrons in the FSI region (two neutrons fly in a narrow angular cone) where nn-interactionis strongly revealed. The theory of reactions in 3N system predicts the 8nn dependence of the FSIcross section being sensitive to the value of ann. The measurements will be made using theneutron channel RADEX at Moscow meson factory of the Institute for Nuclear Research. Themomenta and angles of the two emitted neutrons and the energy of the proton will be measuredfor each breakup event. The measured dependence of the reaction yield on the relative energy ofthe two neutrons will be compared to results of the Monte Carlo simulation that includes the


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006 <^p

finite geometry and resolution of the experimental setup as well as rigorous three-bodycalculations of the nd breakup reaction.

In November, 2005 the test experiment at the neutron channel RADEX using multidetectortime-of-flight spectrometer was performed. The measurement of spectra of secondary protonsand neutrons in the nd->pnn and np->np reactions allow us to estimate the energy spectrum andintensity of fast neutrons (40-140 MeV) in neutron channel and the count rate for futuremeasurements required for determination of the nn scattering length.

The work is supported by RFBR Project 06-02-17462a

References:1. V.Huhn et al. // Phys. Rev. C. 2000. V.63 P.0140032. C.Baumer et al. // Phys. Rev. C. 2005. V.71 P.044003

UZ0602992

CHANNELLING PARTICLES INTERACTION

Krassovitskiv P.M.1. Takibaev N.Zh.2} Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty, Kazakhstan

2National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

The interaction of two channeling charged particles has been considered. While usingoscillatory approximation for particle-crystal interaction, it is shown that in the case of mass andcharge ratios' equality the problem of channeling particles' interaction is solved by description ofone particle's behavior on the field of two potentials:

+ — - + U(r) + ap2 \(p2 (p, z) = E(p2 (p, •2ju{pdp{'~ dp) p2 dz'

where ap2 is modified oscillatory potential of crystal-particle interaction. U(r) is between particleinteraction potential and fi is reduced mass of two particles.

Numerical analysis of the equation (1) for the deeply subliminal energy and "head oncollision" show, that in asymptotic (z—*<x>), the main part (up to 95%) is carried by the componentcoinciding to oscillatory level or falling wave. At the same time transmission coefficients equalzero with precision not more than digital. This result is coinciding with analytical solution forone-dimension Coulomb barrier. Therefore the probability of transmission coefficients isn't equalzero may exist only for non-direct collision. It can be expected that passing of barrier forchanneling particles will sufficient differ from three-dimension collision.

The result of this work can be useful for the investigation of opportunity thermonuclearreaction in crystal [12] .

References:1. N. Takibaev et al NNC Bulletin Almaty 2003 issue 4(16) p. 752. Yu.N. Demkov, J D Meyer // Eur. Phys. J B 2004 V. 42 p. 361


S§£> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 INP-SQ

ASYMPTOTIC NORMALIZATION COEFFICIENT FOR 12C+p->13N BAND THE ASTROPHYSICAL S-FACTOR OF THE 12C(p,y)13N REACTION B co

AT STELLAR ENERGIES m §s : O

Burtebaev N.T.1, Igamov S.B.2. Peterson R.J.3, Yarmukhamedov R.2, Zazulin D.M.1 g§ oInstitute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty, Kazakhstan === 3

2Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan = =3 University of Colorado, Boulder, USA = =

The 12C(p,y)13N reaction is the first in the CNO cycle and reliable values of its astrophysicalS-factor (ASF) S(E) are therefore of importance at stellar energies (E<50 keV). But, at thepresent a significant spread is found for the experimental data measured in the energy range E>200 keV [1,2] and this in turn leads to the noticeable ambiguities for extrapolated values of S(E)within the energy range 0<E<200 keV. The available calculations of S(E) at stellar energies,which were performed within the framework of several different methods, also show a strongmodel dependence and so the predictions for the S(E) at rather low energies have a significantuncertainty [3,4].

In this report on the results of new more detailed experimental measurements of the crosssections (or the ASF Sexp(E)) for 12C(p,y)13N reaction over the range 330<E<980 keV, performedin the electrostatic tandem accelerator UKP-2-1 at the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Kazakhstan,and comparison with those obtained in [3,4] as well as their joint analysis performed within theframework of the R-matrix method are presented. The overall experimental uncertainties in themeasured cross sections reported here are no more than 10 %. Data are shown in Fig. 1.

High resolution HpGe detector (ORTEC GEM20P of the volume of 111 cm ) was used toobserve the reaction y-rays. The resolution of the detector was typically 0.9, 1.8, and 2.5 keV atEr - 122, 1408, and 2614 keV, correspondingly. The absolute detector y-ray efficiency for En=661 -f- 3253.6 keV was determined by using calibrated 137Cs, 60Co and 56Co sources.

Analysis of the experimental ASF ,Sexp(E), is done taking into account the internalcontributions from captures to two resonances at Ei =0.457 MeV (J7t=l/2+) and E2 =1.603 MeV(J11 =3/2+) , in addition to the external direct capture and interferences contributions. For thereaction under consideration, values of the relative orbital angular momentum of the proton andI2C in the (p+12C)-channel (in the initial scattering state) are taken to be equal to zero (the El-transition for the first resonance) and one (E2- and Ml- transitions). The external contribution ofthe matrix element is expressed in the term of the asymptotic normalization coefficient (ANC) Cp

( or its respective nuclear vertex constant (NVC) Gp [5]) for the p+12C^13N(g.s.) channel. Thevalue of this ANC (NVC) was previously found from the measurement of the peripheral!2C(3He,d)13N(g.s.) reaction in [6], and is equal to Cp=1.44±0.06 fm"1/2 (\Gpf =0.34±0.03 fin ).The resonance parameters for the proton width (Tf,i = 1,2) and the y-ray width (Tf, i=l (2) for

the first (second) resonance) are considered as fitted ones since the available values [7] havesome uncertainty.

The result of the fit is shown in Fig.l and a new estimation for the parameters of the fit isobtained. To reproduce the behavior of the Sexp(E) at E>1.8 MeV (the energy range lying on theright of the second resonance tail), the internal contribution from the single pole at E 0 is included

to simulate the background. The parameters of the background are taken to be, Tgg =300 keV and

17 = 300 (1200) eV for El (Ml)-transition. The best fit is derived for the channel radius rc equal


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 INP-SO

to 5.0 fm ]. As it is seen from Fig.l, our fit gives an excellent agreement with our data and thosemeasured in [2] when the external contribution is fixed by parametrizing the R-matrix method interms of the previously measured ANC Cp [5]. The results of the calculations of the ASF S(E) atstellar energies are found to be equal to S(0)=1.64 KeVb, S(20 keV)=1.65 KeVb and S(50keV)=1.68 KeVb, A comparative analysis of both the results for the resonance parameters and forthe calculated S(E) obtained here with the results obtained other authors is also presented.

W

CO

1.0 l.S ?.O

E(MeV)

Fig.l. The astrophysical S-factor for the )2C(p,y)13N reaction, with our new data points assolid points, with previous data as open data [2]. The curve is the result of the present work.

The work has been supported by the ISTC (Grant K-497) and the Forum on InternationalPhysics of the American Physics Society (International Travel Grant)

References:1. J.L. Vogl. PhD thesis, California Institute of Technology, 1963.2. C. Rolfs and R.E. Asuma. Nucl.Phys. A227( 1974)291.3. F.C. Barker and N.Ferdous. Aust. J. Phys. 33(1980)6914. M.Dufour and P.Descouvemont. Phys.Rev. C56(1997)1831.5. L.D. Blokhintsev et al.Sov.J.Part.Nucl.8(1977)485.6. R. Yarmukhamedov. Phys.At.Nucl.60(1997)910; S.V. Artemov et al. Bul.Acad.Sci. USSR,

Phys.ser. 66(2002)60.7. F.Ajzenberg-Selove.Nucl. Phys. A523 (1970)1; A523 (1991)1.

UZ0602994

INFLUENCE OF THE COULOMB VERTEX EFFECTSON PERIPHERAL PARTIAL WAVE AMPLITUDES IN THE

MECHANISM OF SUCCESSIVE TWO-PROTON TRANSFER IN THEPERIPHERAL NUCLEAR A(X,Y)B REACTION INDUCED BY

WEAKLY BOUND LIGHT NUCLEI AT LOW ENERGIES

Blokhintsev L.D.1, Tadzhibaeva D.Kh.2. Yarmukhamedov R.2

'institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow, Russia2 Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

In the present work the peripheral two-proton (pi and P2) transfer A(X,Y)B reaction inducedby weakly bound light nuclei at low energies is considered. Herein X = ((Yp2 ) +pi) and B =


^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 _ INP-SO

((ApO+p2). We consider the case when the proton pi(p2) is loosely bound in the nucleus X (B)

with the binding energy Sx ( SB) and the binding energies of the protons p2 and p ]}

s (Yp j ands ( Ap } } , in the bound (Yp2 ) and (ApO states, respectively, satisfy the

conditions ^{Yp2)^> ^X » ^(Ap\) •> '> ^B>^X ~ ^B • One of the main mechanisms of theinvestigated reaction corresponds to that, the amplitude of which is described by the squarediagram. We have taken into account the fact that the main contribution to the amplitude of thatreaction comes from the peripheral partial-wave amplitudes ( /»1 ) , which are determined by thenearest to the physical region -1<COS0<1 singular point cos9 = £>1 (0 is the scattering angle inthe c.m.s.)- In the case under consideration, the nearest singular point corresponds to the

singularity of the Coulomb vertex form factors for the virtual decays X—>(Yp2)+pi and (Api)+p2

—>B (an anomalous mechanism).The explicit forms of the peripheral partial-wave amplitudes Mi( /»1) , which are determined by this singularity, as well as the peripheral partial-wave

amplitudes MfWBA corresponding to the same mechanism of the successive transfer within the

conventional DWBA (a usual mechanism), have been found. One notes that the behavior of

MfWBA is determined by the singularity £p, and t,v>C, since a value of L,v is determined by the

binding energies of Sx and £ (yp ) . The asymptotic expressions for Mi and MfWBA for l»\

show the different dependence on /. Besides, the explicit forms of the exact amplitude at cos9 -»£ and the singular part of the amplitude corresponding to the usual mechanism of DWBA at cosB-» Qp have been derived.

Investigation of analytic properties of the amplitudes of the peripheral transfer reactions6Li(12N,10B)8B, 10B(l2N,'°B)12N, and 1SN(12N,IOB)17F for the different projectile energies E hasbeen carried out. It is shown that, for these reactions, the fulfillment of the condition ^<^p<^0

occurs, where £,0 is the proper singularity in the cosG plane of the amplitude of the square

diagram. Comparison of the Mi and MfWBA for l»\ has been made for the aforesaid reactions

and the lower limits L of the values of/ (/ » 1), such that for 1>L the amplitudes Mi begin to

dominate (that is, I Mi I MfWBA I >1) have been determined for different energies E.

UZ0602995

NON-MARKOVIAN DYNAMICS OF OPEN QUANTUM SYSTEMIN CASE OF NON-STATIONARY COUPLING

Kalandarov Sh.1'3, Adamyan G.G.1'2, Muminov A.I.1

Heavy Ion Physics Department, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia

3Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany

Investigations of dynamics of open quantum system interacting with its environment arevery interesting and attractive due to its application in many fields of modern physics and due toits practical applications as well [1-3]. Understanding of dynamical behavior of quantum systemgives opportunity to predict final macroscopical state of the system.


<^> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006 ^ApMPNP'2006 INP-50

Let's assume that two heavy nuclei collide with each other with high enough energy to getover the coulomb barrier. Then it is known that there will be the distribution of kinetic energyamong many degrees of freedom and many of internal states will be excited. Here we can dividethe system variables into two kinds: slowly varying and fast varying. The slowly varyingvariables are collective variables in this case (for example, relative distance R between twocolliding nuclei, or momentum P, or charge asymmetry Z) and fast varying variables are theintrinsic degrees of freedom (the states of nucleons). As we have a lot of degrees of freedom ofintrinsic nucleon states, we can consider it as environment where collective variables are beingchanged. Here we consider the collective motion with a Langevin approach which is widelyapplied to finding the fluctuations and dissipations effects in macroscopical systems. We checkdependences of transport coefficients and energy dissipation from a modulation frequency of thesystem-heat bath (environment) coupling. Collective subsystem is taken as a fully coupledoscillator (FC) for simplicity. The heat bath is assumed to be a set of harmonic oscillatorsinteracting linearly in coordinates with the collective subsystem. The density and couplingconstants of the environmental modes are chosen in such a way that the equations of motion takethe familiar classical forms. From the results we can conclude about the decay rate anddecoherence.

From the calculation it follows that friction coefficient decreases with increasingmodulation frequency Q and take asymptotic value in about Q = 30 MeV. It means that thekinetic energy loss will be slowed down with increasing modulation frequency. And the result isunderstandable: if the energy transfers from collective motion to internal bath excitations andback from bath to collective motion, then the kinetic energy loss of collective system will beslowed. As interaction varies with time, the dissipation will not be as smooth. The result fordissipation of kinetic energy at Q =12 MeV is given below:

References:1. C. H. Bennett and P. W. Shor, IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 44,2724 (1998).2. W. H. Zurek, Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 715 (2003).3. Atsushi Goto et al., Phys. Rev. A 67, 022312 (2003).


^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 INP-50

NON-MARKOVIAN LANGEVIN EQUATIONSFOR TWO- LEVEL SYSTEMS

v , -« UZ0602996Kanokov Z. '

'joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia2National University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The model of a low-dimensional system coupled to the bath of harmonic oscillators hasbeen used extensively in various fields of physics and chemistry, such as molecular polaronformation, exciton motion, chaos in quantum, spin-phonon relaxation, attenuation of sound inglasses, the motion of defects in certain crystalline solids. In the classical limit, the harmonic bathleads to the well known generalized Langevin equation of motion where the conventional forceexerted on the system is supplemented by a "random" component as well as a frictional term.The two-level system coupled to a dissipative environment is defined by the Hamiltonian

H=-

In the present work, we introduce a fully quantum-mechanical derivation of generalizednon-Markovian Langevin equations. These equations fulfill the quantum fluctuation-dissipationtheorem. The time-dependent transport coefficients which take the memory effects intoconsideration are obtained for the general couplings between the operators of collective motionand bath subsystems.

UZ0602997

INFLUENCE OF EXTERNAL MAGNETIC AND ELECTRIC FIELDS ONTHE DYNAMICS OF OPEN QUANTUM SYSTEMS

Abdurakhmanov I.B.1'2, Kanokov Z.1'2

'joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia2National University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The behavior of solid-state matter under the influence of external fields is one of the maintopics in solid-state physics. In this work we consider the influence of external magnetic andelectric fields. Such external fields modify the distribution of the internal energy which in turnmodifies or alters some electronic properties, such as the carrier concentration or the carriermobility. Besides the carrier mobility, the electric current is also affected by the magnetic fieldwhich deflects its direction. Recently, we have introduced the quantum generalized Langevinequation (GLE) approach to the study of the electronic quantum transport. The Langevin method


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006INP-50

in the kinetic theory significantly simplifies the calculation of nonequilibrium quantum andthermal fluctuations and provides a clear picture of the dynamics of the process [1,3].

The basic idea of our theory is the following: we visualize the one charge carrier with thepositive charge e=|e| as a quantum particle, while the relative electrons of the host lattice act as aheat bath which is coupled to the charge carrier through electron-phonon interactions. In thecenter-of-mass the total Hamiltonian of such a system in the two-dimensional case is

H =2m

eB eB

where KX - Px + — y, ny - Py ~~x. The last two terms describe the heat bath and coupling

between the heat bath and the collective subsystem respectively. As the dissipative kernels in

GLE, we use the following kind of kernels Kxx{t) = mXxye~ , Kyy(t) = mXyye r' 5 where K

and ^-y are the friction coefficients in the Markovian limit and the memory time of dissipation7~ is inverse to the phonon bandwidth of the heat bath excitations. In the last stage one can seethe renormalization of the initial transport coefficients in GLE from the effect of heat bath. We donot show here the expressions of all of these effective transport coefficients but give the mostnotable expressions of the effective electric field's components after the setting of equilibriumstate {t -> °°).

E («) = x-Al+mco, ex cy

+ Vc

where K, ^-y,0*** , ^w are the effective friction coefficients and cyclotron frequencies. At thispoint one can see the directly effect of the combination of fields. The influence of magnetic fieldon the electric current induces the appearance of the cross electric field.

0,025

0,020

UJ" 0,015

0,010

0,005

• \ o

/ \°

• ^

-I

i°I

i • i

o - Exp dataTheory

-

1 . [ ,

0,0 0,2 0,4 D.6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4

8 (V si m2)

Fig.l. Dependence of the tangent of the Hall angle, Ey I Ex on the magnetic field for zinc at

4.22° K (Borovic [1]). As the parameters we take K = 2.66 x 109 sec"1 j =

Reference:1. E.S.Borovik, Doclady Akad.NaukS.S.S.R.70 601 (1951).



DOUBLE-DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONSOF 56Fe(p,xp), (p,xa) REACTIONS ON 29.9 MeV PROTONS

Duisebayev A., Ismailov K.M.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty, Kazakhstan

UZ0602998

The double-differential cross-sections of protons and ot-particles emitted from protoninduced reactions on 56Fe isotopes at Ep=29.9±0.1 MeV in angular range 30-135° with the step15° have been measured on isochronous cyclotron U-150M of Institute of Nuclear Physics.Typically, intensities between 40 and 180 nA have been utilised with a beam energy resolution of0.3%. The self-supporting isotopic enriched (95%) foil of 56Fe with thickness 2.7 mg/cm2 in theseexperiments has been used.

The two-detector telescope system (AE-E) registration of secondary particles has been used.The thicknesses of two silicon detectors were equal to AE-30 microns and E-2000 microns forreaction 56Fe(p,xa). In case of reaction 56Fe(p,xp) the silicon surface-barrier detector (500microns) and CsI(Tl) detector of full absorption (25000 microns) have been used. The solidangles subtended by a telescope of detectors were equal to 0=2.72* 10"5 sr +1 % and £2=2.59* 10"5

sr ±1%, respectively. The full energy resolution of the AExE - spectrometer has amounted to 400keV.

The analysis of the double-differential cross-sections has been made on the base of excitonmodel of pre-equilibrium decay by the program PRECO-D2. This code uses the Griffin excitonmodel for pre-equilibrium nuclear reactions to describe the emission of particles with massnumbers of I to 4 from an equilibrating composite nucleus. A distinction is made between openand closed configurations in this system and between the multi-step direct (MSD) and multi-stepcompound (MSC) components of the pre-equilibrium cross sections. Output of energydifferential and double differential cross sections is provided for the first particle emitted fromthe composite system. For that, there are additional subroutines in this program, which use thetotal MSD (including direct) and total MSC (including evaporation) cross sections to calculatethe angular distributions for the emitted particles. This is done phenomenologically.

The configuration (2plh) have been chosen as the initial particle-hole configuration in allcalculations. Single particle level density was calculated as g=A/13. The Huizenga opticalpotential parameters and channel have been used to generate reaction transmission coefficientsfor a-particle, and those of Bechetti-Greenlees for protons.

The comparison of experimental and calculated double-differential spectra shows in whole agood agreement (Fig. 1.). The exception has been observed in the soft part where the evaporated partof the cross-section is underestimated within the framework of the used exciton model. This may bebecause the preferred approach gives only the pre-equilibrium part of the MSC process withouttaking into account the emission from the complex equilibrium configuration of the compoundsystem.


<$$ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNF2006 [NP-50

^ 10°

*o 10"1

1 1Q2

W I O " 3

56Fe(p,xa)E -29.9 MeV

p

30° ;

Xt f !

5 10 15 20 25 30Elah (MeV)

5 10 15 20 25 30E.fMeV)

labv

Fig.l. Double-differential cross-sections for reactions 56Fe(p,xp), (p,xa) at the angle 30°

Points - experiment, line - theory (PRECO-D2)

UZ0602999

TOTAL NEUTRON CROSS SECTION FOR NATURAL CARBONIN THE ENERGY RANGE 2 -148 keV

Gritzav P.O., Kolotyi V., Klimova N., Kaltchenko O., Gnidak ML, Vorona P.Institute for Nuclear Research, Kiev, Ukraine

This investigation is devoted to the precise measurements of total neutron cross section fornatural carbon. This element is well known as reactor structure material and at the same time as oneof the most important scattering standards, especially at energies of less than 2 MeV, where theneutron total and elastic scattering cross sections are essentially identical.

The best experimental data in the area 1-500 keV has the uncertainty 1-4% [1, 2]. However,the difference between these data and those founded within R-matrix analysis and unified for allENDF libraries is evident (Fig.l), especially in the energy range 1-60 keV.

The use of the technique of neutron filtered beam developed at the Kyiv Research Reactormakes possible to reduce the uncertainty of the experimental data to 3% and less. These highprecision data on natural carbon could stimulate the new run of the R-matrix analysis for 12C.

O Heaton at al. [J]

ENDF libraries

1E4Energy, eV

1E5

Fig. 1. Natural carbon neutron total cross sections



An experimental investigation of the total neutron cross section for natural carbon wasmade at Kyiv Research Reactor using neutron filtered beams with energies 2, 3.5, 12, 24, 55,59, 133 and 148 keV. The intense neutron beams formed by composite neutron filters at reactorhorizontal channels had fluxes of about 106 to 107 neutron/cm2'S at the fixed neutron energieswhich enabled to measure the neutron cross sections with accuracy better than 3%. Transmissionmethod was used in these measurements. The results of the measurements are presented togetherwith the analysis of the known previous experimental data and the evaluated nuclear data fromENDF libraries. Sample thickness dependence of the observed neutron cross section, measured atthe 148 keV filter, has been detected which hypothetically may be connected with existence of avery strong resonance in the 13C neutron cross section in the energy range 119 to 157 keV.

References:1. H. T. Heaton, J. L. Menke, R. A. Schrack and R. B. Schwartz, "Total Neutron Cross Section

of Carbon from 1 keVto 15 MeV."Nucl. Sci. Eng., 56 (1975). pp. 27-31.2. Yu. A. Alexandrov, I. S. Guseva, A. B. Laptev, N. G. Nikolenko, G. A. Petrov, O. A.

Shcherbakov, Measurement of the Neutron Total Cross Sections for Bi, C, Si, Pb, ReprintJINR-E3-213, 1997,Dubna.

UZ0603000

FIRST EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE KLL AUGERSPECTRUM OF NEON FROM RADIOACTIVE DECAY OF 22Na

Inoyatov A.Kh.u

J Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia2Research Institute of Applied Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Existing studies of KLL Auger electrons of neon are limited by consideration of externalexcitation of freeiVe atoms [1,2]. In this work we present results of first experimental study of theKLL Auger spectrum arising after EC decay of parent 22Na (at a solid state source). Anelectrostatic spectrometer [3] was used to collect the energy spectrum of Auger electrons withinstrumental resolution at 4 eF(see figure).

KLL Auger spectrum ol Ne

M O 620

Derived absolute energy of dominant KL2L3('D2)-transition was found to be -20 eV higherthan that from theoretical predictions [4] as well from experiments [1,2] (see table). It's possible



that observed shift is caused by an atomic structure effect [5] or an influence of the physical-chemical environment [6] on Ne and Na atoms.

Table

Transition

KL,L,KL,L2

KL,Ll3

KL2L2

KL2L3

Nonidentif.line

Relative energies {KLjLj-KL2L}), e V

This workEC, nNa

-55,8(3)-32,6(2)-22,2(3)-4,5(3)

824,5(19)

+18,5(5)

Exp. [2]p,Ne3\Ne'°\Ar6+

-56,09-32,64-22,26-3,77

804,2(3)

-

Theor.[4]

HF(CE)

-56,36-32,8

-22,06-3,24

804,51

-

Relative intensities (A2,£/£A2L)

This workEC, 22Na

0,063(6)0,156(9)0,066(5)0,097(6)0,619(10)0,027(5)

Exp. [2]p,Ne3\Ar6*

0.059(3)0.173(3)0.063(3)0.097(1)0.609(8)

Exp. [7]Compilationofexp.data0.063(1)0.173(2)0.063(1)0.097(2)0.603(6)

--

Theor.[4]

HF(CE)

0,0580,1650,0590,1020,615

Contrary, as it seen from the table the relative energies of measured transitions are inexcellent agreement with previous works. With achieved experimental precision we can notconfirm an influence of solid state effects [6] on relative intensities of KLL Auger transitions atNe (table). Still, intensity of KL^fPi) line was found to be 2<r lower with respect to previousdata [2,7]. At 18.5 eV above of KL2Ls line an unknown bump with intensity 0.027 to that ofwhole KLL Auger group was observed. Apparently, the new feature can be associated with anAuger-like transition on residual (after EC decay) or (and) free electrons.

References:N.Stolterfoht et al. -Phys.Lett. A45 (1973) p.351; M.Krause et al. -Ibidem A31 (1970) p.81.I.Kadar et al. - Phys.Rev. A41 (1990) p.3518.Ch. Briancon et al. -Nucl . Instrum. & Methods, 1984. V.221. p.547.H.P.Kelly-Phys.Rev. A l l (1975) p.556.V.V. Bulgakov et al. - Izv. AN SSSR ser fiz, V.55 (1991) p.2147.J.Vayrynen et.al-Phys.Scripta v.16 (1977)p.452.M.I.Babenkov - Dr. of Science thesis, (1987) p. 169.

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.

UZ0603001

EFFECT OF OXIDATION DEGREEOF MANGANESE ON KL2L3(

!D2)-AUGER SPECTRUMOF 5 4O FROM £C-DECAY OF 54Mn

Inoyatov A.Kh.''2

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, RussiaResearch Institute of Applied Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Spectra of KL2L3 Auger electrons of chromium corresponding to different chemical states ofparent Mn have been investigated on an electrostatic spectrometer [1] under instrumentalresolution 4.5 eV. The chemical form (oxidation) of 54Mn has been changed by warming it upduring 30 minutes at an atmosphere of air at temperatures from 50 up to 300°C

As result, a complicated structure of KL2Ls(!D2) line was observed at experimental spectra.Behaviour of relative intensities and energies of satellite lines after warming of the source (see



the table) indicates "chemical" nature of the satellite, thus observed spectrum is a composition of^ lines originated at decays of 54Mn at different chemical states.

Table

Transition

KLjLjtyMn(II)

SatelliteKL2L3(D^

Mn(lll)

SatelliteKL2L3(

!D2)Mn(IV)

KL2L3('D2)Mn(ll)

t,°C

20-300

200250300

20-200250300

20-300

Relative intensities*'*This work

0,11(1)

0,12(3)0,14(5)0,16(4)0,30(2)0,17(3)0,10(4)

1

Exp.[3]

0,049(22)

--

-

1

Theor.[4]

0.1

-

1

Relative energies*, eVThis work

-14,7(2)

-9,3(8)

-5,1(2)

0

Exp.[3]

-11(2)

-

-

0

Theor.[5]

-14,4

--

~

0

* Normalized to the intensity of the KL1L3CD2) Mn(Il)+ Values [3,4,5] for normal temperature

"Just made" source of 54Mn consist mainly from atoms with oxidation number II (MnO),therefore it is reasonable that namely these atoms form prominent Auger lines observedexperimentally. Additionally, the source have smaller quantity (1/3) of atoms with oxidationnumber III (Mw^Oj), due which a satellite line with energy shift -5.1 eV appears in the spectrum.Such proportion of atoms is almost constant up to 200°C. For higher temperatures new satelliteline arise on a distance at -9.3 eFfrom main one. The line corresponds to atoms with oxidationnumber IV {MnOi). Another effect which has place above 200 C is significant decreasing ofintensity of first satellite (III). The clear explanation of the effect is in transition of namely atomswith oxidation number III to higher oxidation TV.

References:1. Ch. Briancon et al. - Nucl. Instrum. & Methods, 1984. V.221. p.5472. F.Tredvell, VT.Goll - In book "Rate of analytical chemistry" - v. 1 Goskhimizdat 19403. A.Kovalik et al. - Physica Scripta v.37 (1988) p.8714. M.H.Chen et al. - Physical Review V.A21 (1980) p.4425. EP.Larkins - At.Data Nucl .Data Tables v.20 (1977) p.311

UZ0603002

DEFINITION OF THE HADRON CONTRIBUTIONOF THE COMPONENT IN EVENTS WITH HALO

Babaev M.K., Baygubekov A.S., Kaldybaeva N.Sh., Martyanov LSM Mukashev KM.,Novolodskaya O.A., Sadvkov T.Kh., Zastrozhnova N.N.Institute of Physics and Technology, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Research of a spatial distribution of gamma-quanta of gamma - families, included in acomposition on the diagram of target, i.e. in a plane perpendicular to an axis of the family hasshown, that the considerable part of events has an azimuthal anisotropy. Some families of



gamma-quanta in a plane target of the diagram does not limited by a circle that should take placeat an isotropic dispersion of quanta, and look like the ellipse. This appearance was investigated inexperiment "Pamir" more carefully and on a lager statistical material [1]. For the analysis of ananisotropy in allocation of particles on the diagram of target in experiment of Pamir theparameter a was used [2]. It is remarkable, that the parameter a is sensitive to model ofinteraction and does not depend on multiplicity of quanta - nY.

With the help of XREC and ionization calorimeter in our experiment two interactions inatmosphere were registered at primary energies above 10!5 eV, which are characterized bypresence of "halo" in XREC and nuclear - electronic cascades in a calorimeter [3]. At observationin XREC the X-ray film (PT-6) and nuclear photographic emulsion (P-2T) was used.

For obtaining various characteristics of the registered halo events scanning a X-ray film andnuclear emulsions by a spiral meter SI-2 was carried out [4]. On a nuclear emulsion themeasurements of energy and coordinates EFC on microscopes MBI-9 were carried out. Theprocedure of measurement of the halo characteristics in the ionization calorimeter and theobserved data on XREC are published [3].

A central part of halo event structure shown on fig. 1 was detected in a nuclear emulsion.This could be explained by the fact that the size of a grain in a nuclear emulsion (average size ofa grain is 0,25-0,40 microns in diameter) is much less than sizes of a grain in X-ray film (averagesize of a grain is 2,16 microns in diameter). In figure 1, we precisely distinguish two-ink-jetstructures events such as binocular. Complete energy of the given event E is equal 4200,0 TeV.Energy between two events was as 1:2,2, that corresponds to energies of each event 2900 and1300 TeV.

Height of obtained event was estimated. Height was defined on the basis of constancy ofaverage transverse momentum. The decascading process, i.e. EFC association in the initialgamma-quanta and step by step decascading method was used. All methods have given height ofgeneration of the given event about 500 meters.

MM

1,4

1.2

1,0

0,6

0,2

0,2 0,6 1,0 1,2 1,4MM

Fig. 1. Research of a central part of event with an halo by a method of scanning of a nuclearemulsion with step 6 microns.

To interpret two-ink-jet events formation as product of the intermediate system decay, it ispossible to define a mass of this hypothetical system from a kinematic relation:

(1)Here R- distance between jets; Ei;2- energy of each jet; H- height of their generation. From

relation (1) we obtain value of a mass Mo~ 4,6 GeVY c2. It is necessary to note, that in this casethere is a complete mass, instead of about selected in the neutral component, as it is usually


<!§£• The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'M0<_

done. Presence of the information from an ionization calorimeter allows to spot the value Eowithout engaging the prior suppositions about value to Ky - part of energy transferred in gamma-quanta.

References:1. Collaboration "Pamir", Trudy FIAN, p. 154, (1984).2. Azimov S.A., Mulladjanov E. et al. // In: Proc. 16th Intern. Cosm. Ray Conf. (ICRC)., Kyoto,

v. 7,-p. 228-231,(1979).3. Babaev M.K., Baigubekov A.S., Sadykov T.H. et all. // In:Proc. 26th Intern. Cosm. Ray

Conf. Hamburg, Germany, 2001, vol.6, p.50-52, (2001).4. Eremenko Yu. A., et all. Preprint IFVE AN KazSSR, Almaty, p. 1-13, (1989).

UZ0603003

DETERMINATION OF IMPLANTATION'S DOSESOF LOW ENERGY IONS WITH ATOMIC NUMBER Z>14

USING PIXE-SPECTROMETRY

Kholbaev I.Research Institute of Applied Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The present work describes a technique of determining implantation's doses of low energyions with atomic numbers 2>14 in solid state material backing using a spectrometry ofcharacteristic X-ray radiation (CXR), appeared in ionizing of K and L-atom shells of analyzedsamples, which are exposed to accelerated protons (so-called PIXE spectrometry). This techniqueis realized on the beam of protons in electrostatic accelerator EA-2 "Sokol" [1].

The concentration of analyzed elements is defined, and an output of CXR in the excitationwith the accelerated ions is determined by the ionization cross-section o=o(E) of appropriateinternal atomic shell, which depends on £-ion's energy, a braking attitude S=S(E) of a substanceand a coefficient of absorption fi=fj.(Ey) in the substance of CXR photons with the energy Ex,emitted in transferring of electron to ionized shell. A braking attitude of ions in the substance,consisting of several elements is equal to weighted average value of braking attitude 5} (MeV•sm2/mg) of separate components of the substance (partial braking values):

JJ (1)j

where cj (%,mas.) - content of j component of substance in the target. Like weighted averagevalue defined the coefficient of absorption in multi-component of substance:

// = M£J = 0,0l2>^y(£,), (2)j

where #,• (sm2/mg) - partial coefficient of absorption, which was calculated by the tables (see forthe example [3]).



Integral characteristic of braking ions in the substance is so-called linear run of ions (runalong the side of trajectory), which is equal:

(3)

where EQ - energy of ions' beams (Mev) in input of target (value R is measured in mg/sm2).If the implanted (analyzed) element is j of n components of the substance, then in the

analysis of the spectrum the linear dependence of energy Ex=Ex(j) and cross-section a/E) can bechosen.

Let's introduce the function

G(J,E0,cl,...,cn,zmoi)= Jo-y(£)exp(-//(JEJt)z/cosp2)dk, (4)0

where E=E(z) - ions' energy, penetrated in the depth of z (mg/sm2) target. The value zmax is theupper limit of integration at the depth z and is equal to the minimal value of two magnitudes:thickness of -target and magnitude R/cosipi.

In the equation (4) the variable E under integral sign may be found by the solution of thefollowing differential equation

dz cos <p{

Then the dose of implantation (at./cm2) could be defined as [3]:

where NA - Avogadro number; Aj - atomic weight of implanted element; Q=Q(EX) - surface ofpeak of those appropriate elements in the spectrum from implanted samples; / - indications ofdisplay of number of ions of analyzed beams, which is targeted to this sample at the set ofspectrum; cjs - content (%,mas.) of this element in homogenous standard sample with the knowncontent of this and other elements, if any available, m - number of elements in the standardsubstance; Qs - surface of peak appropriate to the analyzed element in the specter from standard;Is - indications of display the number of ions of analyzed substance, targeted to the standardsample at the set of specter; parameters of functions G (with indexes s) are treated toward themeasures in the standard.

References:1. F.K. Aliev et all. The analytical complex on the base of electrostatic accelerator EA-2.

Abstract of V-th international conference "Modern problems of nuclear physics" 12-15August, 2003, Samarkand, p.281.

2. Cohen D.D., Harrigan M. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables-1985.-Vol.33.-P.255-3. Bondarenko V.N., Goncharov A.V., Kolot V.Ya. VAHT. Serial: Physics of radiation injuries

and radiation of science of materials. Kharkov: NNC HPhTI,1998, Vol.3, p. 177


<gg The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006 R?MPNP'2006 _________„„ INP-SQ

DETERMINATION OF THICKNESS OF HOMOGENOUS SURFACES-ELEMENTS WITH ATOMIC NUMBERS Z>14

USING PEKE-SPECTROMETRYi inn inn i

UZ0603004Kholbaev I.

Research Institute of Applied Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

This work describes the technique of determination of thickness of homogenous surfaces ofelements with atomic massesmore than that of Si using a spectrometry of characteristic X-rayradiation (CXR), appeared in ionizing of K and L-atom shells of analyzed samples, which areexposed to accelerated protons (so called PIXE spectrometry). This technique is realized on thebeam of protons in electrostatic accelerator EA-2 "Sokol" [1]. The basic criteria for the choice ofconcrete line for the analysis are the absence of overlapping with other lines of spectrum.

Integral characteristic of braking ions in the substance is so-called linear run of ions (runalong the side of trajectory), which is equal

- ^ - , (1)

where Eo - energy of ions' beams (Mev) in input of target (value R is measured in mg/sm2).For the determination of thickness the line of element-component with the index j and

energy Ex-Ex(j), appropriate to the defined serial (K, Li, L2 and L3) of that element with cross-section of electronic shell of the atom cr/E) are used.

Let's introduce the equation

r = r ( f ) B GU,E0,C],...,cn,t) ( 2 )

G(j,E0,clt...,cH,R/cos(p2)where

G(j,E0,Cl,...,cn,zm3X)= \aJ(E)exp(-^(Ex)z/cos (p2)dz, (3)0

where n - number of components in the substance of target, bombarded by the beam; E=E(z) -ions energy, penetrated in the depth of z (mg/sm2) target for the sample of comparison themagnitude zmax=R/cos<pi, and for the analyzed surface zmax is equal to its thickness t, wheret<R/cos(pi.

Obviously, r<\ and r —> 1 at / —* R/cosip;. The function r(t) is easily calculated numericallyat the different values of variables t in mg/cm2 and develop the appropriate reverse function

t = t(r). (4)

Because the output of PIXE is proportional to the integral (6), then the experimental valueof r is defined by:

OHr = * (5)

where Q=Q(EX) - surface of peak, appropriate to the energy Ex, in the energy of analyzedsurface; / - indications of display of number of ions of analyzed beams, which is targeted to thissample at the set of spectrum; Qs and Is - the same parameters, appropriate to the spectrum ofcompared sample.


<^> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006 ^$pMPNP'2006 _ 1NP-50

The needed experimental value of thickness (mg/cm2) of analyzed surface is defined fromthe equation

Recalculation in urn is done by the following formula

d(^m) = (\04/p)d(mg/cm2), (7)

where p- density of surface substance in kg/m3.The accuracy of magnitude d is defined as the accuracy of parameters, including the right side ofequation (4), also the parameters of equation (2). Those parameters EQ, Q, QS, I, Is, (pi, <p2 areindependent and their accuracy are determined by the experiment.

Reference:1. F.K. Aliev et all. The analytical complex on the base of electrostatic accelerator EA-2.

Abstract of V-th international conference "Modern problems of nuclear physics" 12-15August, 2003, Samarkand, p.281.

U20603005

PHOTOEXCITATION OF ISOMERIC STATES IN (y,n) REACTIONON 196198Hg NUCLEI IN THE RANGE OF 10-35 MeV

Palvanov S.R.1'2, Ruzimov Sh.M.2, Mamajusopova M.1

National University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2Institute of Applied Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

In this work present results of investigation of the isomeric yield ratios Ym/Yg and cross-section ratios ajag of the reactions 196Hg(y,n)195m'gHg and 198Hg(y,n)197m'gHg in the energyrange of 12+35 MeV with energy step of 1 MeV are presented.

The isomeric yield ratios were measured by the induced radioactivity method. Samples ofnatural Mo have been irradiated in the bremsstrahlung beam of the betatron SB-50. The inducedactivities were examined by detecting and analyzing y-rays with help of a 63 cm3 Ge(Li)semiconductor spectrometer equipped with a 4096 channel pulse height analyzer. The countingsystem had a resolution of-3,5 keV for the 1332 keV y-line of 60Co.

The yields of the metastable state decays were evaluated by using the 387,9 keV (195mHg:Ti/2=41,6 h, J*= 13/2") and 133,9 keV('97mHg: Ti/2=23,8 h, J*= 13/2*) y-rays. The yields of theground state decays were evaluated by using the 779,8 keV (195gHg: Titf=9,9 h, Jn= 1/2") and191,5 keV (197gHg: Ti/2=64,14 h, J*= 1/2") y-rays. The results of calculation are given in the tablebelow (25-30 MeV).



kymax,MeV

252627282930

Ym/Yg

Target nucleus, J71

iy&Hg, 0+

0,035+0,0030,036±0,0020,034±0,0030,037±0,0030,041+0,0040,037+0,003

JysHg, 0+

0,120±0,0080,118±0,0080,117±0,0090,110+0,0080,116±0,0080,121±0,009

In the field of 12-25 MeV our results are in good agreement with the date of ref./l/ Theisomeric yield ratios of the reaction (y, n) on 196Hg and 196Hg in the 25-30 MeV energy range areobtained at first, (y, n)m and (y, n)8 reactions cross section are obtained.. The results arecompared with the calculations made in the statistical Fermi-gas theory/2/.

References:1. Balabanov N.P. i dr. Tez. dokl. 44-go sovetsh. po yadernoy spectroskopii i structure

atomnogo yadra. SPb., 1994, s. 203.2. Arifov L.Y. i dr. YF, 1982, 34, p. 1028.

UZ0603006

ISOMERIC YIELD OF THE (y,p) REACTION ON 149Sm NUCLEI

Palvanov S.R.1'2, Ruzimov Sh.M.2, Mamajusopova M.1, Rahmonov B.S.3

National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2 Institute of Applied Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

']State University, Urgench, Uzbekistan

In this work present results of investigation of the isomeric yield ratios Ym/Yg of thephotoproton reaction 149Sm(y,p)148m'sPm in the energy range of 20+35 MeV with energy step of 1MeV are presented.

The isomeric yield ratios were measured by the induced radioactivity method. Samples ofnatural Sm have been irradiated in the bremsstrahlung beam of the betatron SB-50 of Institute ofApplied Physics of National University of Uzbekistan. A device for the intra-chamberbremsstrahlung irradiation of samples in a betatron, combined with a K5-2A pneumotransportsystem was used in order to increase the density of the bremsstrahlung flux was used.

The induced activities were examined by detecting and analyzing y-rays with help of a 63cm3 Ge(Li) semiconductor spectrometer equipped with a 4096 channel pulse height analyzer. Thecounting system had a resolution of-3,5 keV for the 1332 keV y-line of 60Co. The yields of the


QThe Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics"', September 19-22, 2006

MPNP'2006

metstable state decays were evaluated by using the 629,9 keV (148mPm, J"=6", Ti/2=41,29 d) y-rays. The yields of the ground state decays were evaluated by using the 1465,1 keV(148gPm;Ti/2=5,37 d; in- 6") y-rays. The results of calculation are given in the table below (254-30 MeV).

Table

EYmax, MeVYm/Yg

26

0,84±0,06

27

0,89+0,07

28

0,83±0,07

29

0,87±0,06

30

0,85±0,07

In the field of 20-25 IvbB our results are in good agreement with the date of ref./l/. In thefield of 26-35 IvfoB the isomeric yield ratios of the reaction (y,p) on I49Sm are obtained at first.

The results are compared with the calculations made in the statistical Fermi-gas theory. Theexperimental results are in agreement with the calculated ratios for values of spin cut-offparameter a between 2 and 3.

Reference:1. Balabanov N.P. i dr. Tez. dokl. 44-go sovetsh. po yadernoy spectroskopii i structure

atomnogo yadra. SPb., 1994, s. 203.

UZ0603007

EXPANSION OF OPPORTUNITIES OF THE NERD-METHODFOR DEFINITION OF CONTENTS AND CONCENTRATION

PROFILES OF HYDROGEN IN MATERIALSBY USING THE MONTE CARLO SIMULATION

Artemov S.V., Kayumov M.A., Radyuk G.A., Yakushev V.P., Zaparov E.A.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Among various methods of hydrogen determination in materials [1] the nuclear recoildetermination method (ERD) is the only way allowing one to analyze simultaneously the contentsof all hydrogen isotopes. Using monochromatic fast neutrons for this puipose (method NERD)one carry out the analysis of thick specimens without their destruction and irrespective of theircondition (gas, liquid, solid) [2]. The depth profiles of the hydrogen isotopes concentration areobtained from the energy spectra of the recoiled hydrogen nuclei. In this work some ways ofimproving the depth profile resolution and increasing sensitivity of the NERD method areanalyzed.

The operational experience with the NERD spectrometer, based on the neutron generatorNG-150 at the INP AS RUz, has shown that the analytical characteristics of the method can beessentially improved. At existing NERD installation their worsening is mainly defined by thefollowing reasons: .

- the background (n,p), (n,d), (n,t) reactions in the material (matrix) of the analyzedspecimen and detectors could not be separated from the hydrogen recoiled ions. Thiscircumstance restricts the definition limit of the method.



- the geometry of measurement strongly affects on the depth resolution of the hydrogenprofile as well as on the duration of measurement. These factors would preferably be knownbeforehand.

We develop the procedure of simulation of energy spectra of hydrogen recoils as well asthe charged particles from the reactions (n,p), (n, d) and (n, t) for specimens of various structure.Spectra are formed by the Monte Carlo method taking into account all features of the realprocedure of analysis, such as the energy spectrum of the neutrons generated via the reactionsd+T—m + a or fi?+D—•w+3He in thick TiT target, geometry of measurement, losses of energy ofthe charged particles, the energy and angular stragglings of the charged particles in the samplematerial, the energy resolution of the used AE-E telescope of semi-conductor detectors, etc.

The corresponding program is written using the Compaq Visual Fortran language. Thealgorithm of sampling procedure is built on analogy with the program "DRIN" [3] as "event byevent sequence". The database of differential cross sections for the reactions (n,p), {n, d) and («,t) on some materials often used in nuclear engineering and coverings of the "first wall" in fusionmachines is used. Comparison of experimental and simulated background spectra has beenfulfilled. A good consent has been achieved both on the form of the energy spectra, and on theabsolute values of events amount per energy step.

The work was supported by STCU Grant #3067.

References:1. P.K. Khabibullaev and B.G. Skorodumov, Determination of Hydrogen in Material. Nuclear

Physics Methods, Springer Tracts in Modern Physics (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg), vol. 117(1989) p.73.

2. B.G. Skorodumov, I.O. Yatsevich, V.G.Ulanov, E.V. Zhukovska, O.A. Zhukovsky. Nucl.Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B85 (1994) 803.

3. A.H. Abdurakhmanov, S.V. Artemov, E.V. Zhukovskaya, G.A. Radyuk, V.G. Ulanov andV.P. Jakushev., J. Neutron Research. 2002V. 10 (2) pp. 63-77

UZ0603008

FISSION - TRACK AGE OF THE MARJALAHTIPALLASITE

Bondar Yu.V.1, IgerelyginVJPJ'institute of Environmental Geochemistry, Kiev, Ukraine

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia

Investigation of fossil charged-particle tracks in various mineral phases of extraterrestrialsamples is a powerful method for research the early stages of the solar system. Over geologicaltime, meteorites crystals have accumulated a record of tracks produced by heavily chargedenergetic particles from both internal (spontaneous fission of 238U and some other extinctisotopes) and external sources (galactic cosmic rays with Z>20).

The fortunate fact that meteorite grains can accumulate latent and very long-lived trackssince soon after the end of nucleosynthesis in the solar nebula enables one to decode theirradiation history and to detect any thermal events in the meteorite cosmic history by revealingthese tracks through suitable etching procedures.


<^> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006 ^PMPNP'2006 n^- 5 "

Only a few minerals in meteorites (mainly phosphates) contain small amount of uranium;the fact that 238U undergoes fission with fission-decay constant ^~8.2xlO~17 yr"J allows one touse this isotope as a chronometer. By measuring the U concentration in the crystals (by reactorirradiation) and the density of the spontaneous-fission tracks it is relatively easy to calculate the"fission-track age" if 238U is the main source of fission tracks.

However the fission-track dating of extraterrestrial samples compared with the terrestrialones has some peculiar features due to presence of a number of other potential track sourcesexcept the spontaneous fission of 23SU, such as the spontaneous fission of presently extinct 244Pu,heavy nuclei of cosmic rays and induced fission by cosmic ray primaries. Only tracks from thespontaneous fission of U and Pu are suitable for fission-track dating. The competing effects ofthese fissioning elements, whose half-lives differ by a factor of -50, form a basis for a fission-track chronology for samples older than ~ 4.0 Gyr. Over small intervals in time (~ few xlO8 yr )the track density from spontaneous fission of 238U is nearly constant. However, the contributionfrom 244Pu doubles every 82 Myr providing a very sensitive measure of the age of a studiedsample.

The results of the determination of the fission-track age of the Marjalahti pallasite (stony-iron meteorite) are presented.

Thorough examination of fossil tracks in the phosphate (whitlockite) crystals coupled withU content determination in whitlockites allowed us to estimate the contributions of all possibletrack sources to the total track density and to calculate a value of the model fission-track age. Itwas found out that whitlockite crystals of the Marjalahti pallasite contain fossil tracks due togalactic cosmic rays (VH, VVH nuclei); induced fission of U and Th by cosmic rays;spontaneous fission of 238U; spontaneous fission of extinct short-lived 244Pu nuclei presented insignificant quantities in the early solar system. The initial ratio (244Pu/238U)o at the time of thepallasite parent body formation (taken as 4.6xI09 yr) was estimated as 0.015. A great trackdensity attributed to the extinct 244Pu testified to the high value of the fission-track age. Themodel fission-track ages of (4.37±0.02)xl09 yr for the Marjalahti pallasite was calculated.

The comparison of the represented data with petrographic analyses allowed us to interpret avalue of the fission-track age as the time of the last intensive shock/thermal event in the cosmichistory of the pallasite.

UZ0603009

FALLOUTS VARIATIONS OF COSMOGENIC 7Be, PRECIPITATIONAND SOLAR ACTIVITY (2004-2005, SAMARKAND)

Kungurov F.R.1, Muminov A.T.2'Muminov I.T.2, Safarov A.N.1

State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan2Research Institute of Applied Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Monthly values of Aj - activity of 7Be in atmospheric fallouts in 2004-2005 in Samarkand(research was done with method [1]) with corresponding data on P; - quantity of precipitation [2],Si - visual indices of solar activity of small symmetric semishadow class [3], average valuesq,=(Si-i+Si)/2, S,Pj and q;Pj (standardized values of A>Aj/54 Bk/m2 and P'r=Pj/44,5 mm areused) - figure 1, are compared in this work.



Consideration of these dependencies (figure 1 and tables 1 and 2) shows: Aj is minimalwhen Pj=O and are maximal when Pi and q;are maximal, but for intermediate values of Aj straightdependence from Pj and q, is broken in many cases, - Aj variations character are better reproducedby SjPj and qjSj values.

Conducted analysis allows to conclude:A, variations character is most satisfactorily described by multiplication of qP,For satisfactory quantitative description of A; variations necessary, besides S and P

values, to consider factors, connected with different processes taken place in atmosphere.

TableYearMonths

123456789101112

1. Values of A'j, P' i, Sj, SjP'j, and q;Pj in 20042004

A\1.921.082.131.712.460.461.790.580.461.545.422.50

P'1.910.372.441.130.97

0.30

0.482.661.82

S0.671.070.780.911.190.720.540.780.551.002.000.43

SP1

1.280.401.901.031.15

0.16

0.485.320.78

q1.330.870.920.851.050.960.630.660.660.771.501.22

qP2.540.322.240.961.02

0.19

0.374.002.22

A1,-2.250.791.831.543.830.71

1.83

0.711.382.00

and 2005

P'0.940.561.450.420.720.19

0.35

0.110.740.41

2005S

0.920.590.130.950.190.000.790.350.310.100.170.36

SP1

0.860.330.190.400.14

0.12

0.010.130.15

q0.670.790.360.540.570.100.400.570.330.200.140.26

qP0.630.440.520.230.410.02

0.20

0.020.100.11

5 •,

0

months

Fig. 1. Comparison ofvalues of A'j/2 (shadowed)with P'j, Siqi, SjP'j, qiP'j(light) in 2004 (1,2,..., 12)and 2005(1', 2', ..., 12')


The Sixth Internationa] Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006

Table;Year

Month123456789101112Avg

I. P'/A', S/A', q/A', SP and qP' ratios in 2004 and2004

P'i/A1

1.000.341.150.660.39

0.17

0.310.490.730.44

S/A'0.351.000.370.530.481.560.301.341.200.650.370.170.69

q/A'0.690.810.430.500.432.090.331.141.430.500.280.480.76

SP'/A'0.670.370.890.600.47

0.09

0.310.980.310.39

qP'/A'1.320.301.050.560.41

0.11

0.240.730.890.47

P'i/A1

0.420.710.790.270.190.27

0.19

0.150.540.210.31

2005

S/A1

0.410.750.070.620.05

0.19

0.140.120.180.21

2005q/A1

0.301.000.200.350.150.14

0.31

0.300.100.130.25

SP'/A'0.380.420.100.260.04

0.07

0.010.100.070.12

qPVA1

0.280.560.280.150.110.02

0.11

0.030.070.060.14

References:Kungurov F.R., Muminov A.T., Muminov I.T., Muhamedov A.K., Safarov A.N. Scintillationy-spectrometrical method of atmospheric fallouts of 7Be activity determination. The thirdEurasian conference. Nuclear science and its application. Book of abstract, Tashkent, 2004, p.183-184.Data of hydrometeorological department of Samarkand.http://www, alexeyryback.ru/index.htm.

UZ0603010

STRUCTURE OF ANGULAR DISTRUBUTION OF ELECTRONBREMSSTRAHLUNG BEAM FORMED BY SLIT COLLIMATOR

Aliev M.K.\ Alimov G.R.1, Kumakhov M.A.2, Muminov A.T.1, Norboev K.N.3,Osmanov B.S.3, Salikhbaev U.S.4, Safarov A.N.3, Skvortsov V.V.1,

Suleymanov R.D.3, Yuldashev B.S.4

'Research Institute of Applied Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2lnstitute of Roentgen Optics, Moscow, Russia

3State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan4Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The total external reflection (TER) effect for X-rays was experimentally discovered byCompton in 1922 [1]. This phenomenon is observed at the incidence of X-rays on the boundarybetween two media at the angles which are smaller than the critical. The latter is given by thefollowing formula:

0,=eh(ZNAplAmte,Tl2*Ex (1)


The Sixth Internationa] Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPW2006 INP-50

where Z,A and p are the atomic number, atomic mass and density of the material of thereflecting surface, respectively; Ex -the energy of incident photons.

In the framework of classical theory, the TER effect in y-region of EM radiation isimpossible, however, it can exist in quantum-mechanical theory [2,3], Experimentally this effecthas not been discovered yet.

We performed the series of experiments on the electron bremsstrahlung (EB) beam with theenergy of 13 MeV from the microtron MT-22C. The beam was formed by slit collimator (gap -20 u.) with the aperture of 25 firadian - fig. 1.

Xt

KtD

5,6 6,4 118 Z , M

Fig.l. Experimental setup, e - beam of electrons, T - bremsstrahlung target, G - slitcollimator, K - collimator (gap - 1 mm), D - mobile detector.

In the angular distribution of formed beam, the splitting (fig.2) was observed which wasprobably cause by TER effect on the inner surfaces of slit collimator. Similar phenomenon wasobserved in the experiments of Egorov and colleagues [4] in case of X-rays - fig.3.

A

i\ 6 = 25 ^radian

X = 0

-340 -170 0 170 340 510 680Q.juadian

40000-

3O0O0-

20000-

10000-

0 -

B

i•

/1

\

•

H\ .

8G= 25 jjradian

~ ^ " — • - — — . _ .

170 3406,>iradlan

Fig.2. Angular distribution of EB beam.XR - position of reflector's surface withrespect to the beam axis.

Detecor scanning angle (degrees)

Fig.3. The splitting effect in the angularprofile of the beam formed by collimatorwith gap s (from [4]).


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006 -\p

For certain interpretation of the physical nature of observed experimental facts it isnecessary to perform additional studies of angular distributions of formed EB beam at differentvalues of gap width of slit collimator.

References:1. Compton A., Total reflection of X-rays from glass and silver, Phys. Rev., v.20, p. 84-90

(1922).2. Arkadiev V.A., et al., 0 polnom vneshnem otrajenii y-kvantov ot poverhnosti, Pisma v JTF,

v. 12(21), p. 1307-1311(1986).3. Glebov V.I., et at., Otrajenie gamma-izlucheniya ot granitsi razdela dvuh sred, JTF, v.55(9),

p. 1785-1792(1985).4. Egorov V.K., Egorov E.V., Volnovod-rezonator rentgenovskogo izlucheniya kak vozmojnii

konkurent sinhrotronnih istochnikov radiatsii, Electronic Journal "Investigated in Russia",http://zhurnal.ape,relarn.ru/articles/2003/141 .pdl p. 1679-1692 (2003).

UZ0603011

SILICON DETECTORS WITH INTERNAL AMPLIFICATIONBASED ON FUNCTIONALLY INTEGRATED STRUCTURES

Kol'tsov G.I.1, Chubenko A.P.2, Mukhamedshin A.3, Murashev V.N.1, Shchepetov A.L.2

institute of Steel and Alloys, Moscow Russia2Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia

3Institutefor Nuclear Research, Moscow, Russia

A new coordinate-sensitive semiconductor silicon detector capable both to determineparticle coordinates and detect single-charged relativistic particles and X-rays is considered. It isproposed to improve the functional integration of VLSI circuit element base and achieve a highinternal amplification directly inside the detector chip. To resolve these problems, we usefunctionally integrated active pixels made on the basis of a hybrid of p-i-n diode and bipolartransistor manufactured with using a specific technology. Bipolar coordinate-sensitive detectorscould provide the information access time less than 5 ns, coordinate accuracy better than 5050mm2, sensitivity higher than that of p-i-n diodes by a factor of 100 or more. Single pixels arejoined into a 1010 mm2 matrix. nS\ wafers with a specific resistance r > 5 kOhmcm and carrierlifetime / = 2500 ms have been used as a basis.

The ion-implantation and following annealing are used to create active areas. To make theshallow-junction emitter, arsenic ions were implanted into polysilicon (Si*) with a (1-2) 1016 cm"2

dose and then were diffused in substrate; the p"-base area was formed with the boronimplantation; p+ region was created with inserting boron ions into the substrate. For gettering,phosphorus ions were implanted into the wafer back side. The detectors manufactured arecharacterized by dark currents of few nanoamperes and breakdown voltage of ~250 V.

Features of detectors have been studied with using particle sources (238Pu, 239Pu> and 226Ra).All the structures have demonstrated an internal amplification. For example, some structureshows a 0.57-V spectral maximum produced by 239Pu (5.105 MeV) at 20-V power supply


^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 flST-50

voltage, i.e. an amplification factor of 250 is achieved; half-amplitude maximum width is 16%.Output signal amplitudes and resolution depend on magnitude of applied external voltage.

UZ0603012

ANGULAR TRANSFORMATION OF ELECTRON BREMSSTRAHLUNGSPECTRA FROM SLIT COLLIMATOR

Aliev G.Sh.1, Khamrakulov Kh.3, Muminov A.T.\ Norboev K.N.3, Rumi R.F.\Salikhbaev U.S.2, Skvortsov V.V.1, Safarov A.N.3, Sulevmanov R.D.3

Research Institute of Applied Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

Bremsstrahlung radiation of relativistic electrons (EB) is one of the most powerful sourcesof X- and gamma-radiation which finds wide application both in technological process and inscientific research. In case of relativistic electrons with energy E, bremsstrahlung has "forward"direction and is concentrated in the cone with angular divergence 9 = mec

2 IE which is widely

used to obtain intensive y-quanta beams on electron accelerators. However, in certain cases (see[1]), it is necessary to obtain y-beams with angular divergence of 0«mec

21E which can be

done by collimating the primary EB beam. High penetrating ability of y-radiation imposes certainrestrictions on angular divergence value of collimated EB beam and, in addition, there is atransformation of energy-angle distribution of primary EB beam.

In our studies of microtron MT-22C's [1] EB (E=l 1.5 MeV, derivation from 20th orbit) y-quanta scattering on ultra-small angles from macroscopically-smooth surface , it is necessary toobtain y-radiation beams with angular divergence of the order of 5><10"5 radian. Energy-angulardistribution of primary EB beam corresponds to Schiff s spectrum with boundary energy of 11.5MeV. Collimation of EB beam is done by slit collimator which consists of two lead-glass plates(800x300*30) aligned with respect to beam axis. Width of the slit between plates varies from 50\i and smaller (up to "slitless" configuration of the collimator where slit width is determined onlyby surface processing quality which, in our case, corresponds to 14th degree of accuracy). Onfig.l (A and B) the spectra of EB beam at detection angles of 0 and 1.5xlO"4 radian (normalizedspectrum) are given at 50 u. slit-width of the collimator. Such small angular resolution indetection is achieved by placing Nal(Tl) detector at 118 m from the slit collimator. The ratio ofspectra A/B is shown on fig.l(C) where it is seen that in energy-angular distribution of EB at^ = 1.5xlO~4 radian detection angle there is an increase in the number of high-energy quanta ascompared to the spectrum at 0 = 0. Such energy-angular anisotropy of EB is caused by"piercing" effects in slit collimator.



100

10

100

EB spectrum at 6= OradS(0)

a

r 2

EB spectrum at 6=1,5*10"*rad

Ratio of S(l.S*W4)and S(0)

-400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400

Detection angle, urad

Fig.2. Angular distribution of EB beam.1-experimental distribution,2-simulation (Monte-Carlo).

2500 5000 7500 10000 12500

Energy, keV

Fig.l. EB beam spectra.

Angular divergence of collimated EB beam is also significantly wider than the geometricalone. The latter is determined by the geometry of the experiment. On fig.2 the angular distribution 'of EB beam is shown at 50 (a slit width of the collimator (detecting equipment is placed at 118 mfrom the slit collimator). "Piercing" effects in slit collimator are mainly caused by the passage ofhigh-energy quanta through the slit collimator since for such quanta the probability ofpropagation through collimator's material is high which causes the energy-angular anisotropy ofcollimated beam.

Reference:1. G.R.Alimov, M.A.Kumakhov, A.T.Muminov, T.M.Muminov, B.S.Osmanov,

U.S.Salikhbaev, A.N.Safarov, V.V.Skvortsov, R.R.Usmanov, B.S.Yuldashev, A setup forstudies of ultra-small angle scattering of hard y-quanta, NIMB, v.222, p.681-685 (2004).



PRECISION SYSTEM OF HIGH VOLTAGE STABILIZATIONOF MASS-SPECTROMETER

Kazantsev S.I., Koblik Yu.N., Pikul V.P.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

UZ0603013

In the report the development of the high voltage stabilization precision system of the INPAS RUz mass - spectrometer is presented.

Source of the high voltage of the nuclei products fission mass - spectrometer was madeabout 35 years ago [1]. The element base of a source is physically and mentally out of date and,therefore stability of high voltage made only ± 0.03 %. Therefore was decided to make the sourceof the high voltage with a long-term stability ± 0.005 % [2]. The three-step circuit of the highvoltage stabilization was developed. The first step of the high voltage stabilization here isprovided with application of the modified power supply TES-20 and of the high voltage precisionconverter. This step provides installation and maintenance of a high voltage with accuracy notworse than 0,1 %. The second step of stabilization consists from high-sensitivity and stable R-3003 potentiometer, and circuit of pulse-width modulation (PWM) in structure of the converterregulation, incorporated in a loop, by negative feedback. This step provides measurement of ahigh voltage to within 0,0001 % and maintenance of the established value with accuracy 0,001%. Besides, the built - in balancing of shoulders also works on PWM - principle, and providesadjustment of equality of positive and negative voltage on an output within ± 0,3 %. The layoutof the high-voltage power supply is shown on fig. 1.

+UBMC

-UBUC

Fig. 1. Layout of the high-voltage power supply stabilization.

The basic circuit of the high voltage converter is presented on fig. 2, and the made converteris shown on fig. 3. Besides, the multipliers of a high voltage were altered. So, for example, it waspossible to design the non - oil variant of multipliers. It has allowed to lower losses, to supplymore stable work, to facilitate possible repair work, and completely to take off problems ofoutflow of oil, its ageing or increase of moisture content.


<£§• The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22 ,2006 ^ pMPNP'2006 INP-50

4 4 K E 1 4 0 K

JjKopn.

Fig. 2. Basic circuit of the high voltage converter block.

Fig. 3. The high voltage converter.

Tests of the high voltage source at U = ± 60 KV have shown, that the stability of a voltagewithin 8 hours was not worse than ± 0.005 %. Tests of the source for the maximal value of avoltage with excess on 10 % also are carried out. Thus was not observed of the electric holes,formation characteristic for high-voltage installations ozone or oxides of nitrogen. It testifies toqualitative work as directly of source of a high voltage, and about serviceable work of all high-voltage connections

References:1. Arifov U.A., Belyaev A.D., Kogan V.I. et al. Separation of nuclei fission fragments in electrical

and magnetic fields. RAS SSSR, 1972, v.204, #3, p.586-589.2. Pikul V.P., Jovliev U.Yu., Koblik Yu,N. et al. Analysis of Fragment Distribution in Asymmetric

Area at Fission of 235U Induced by Thermal Neutrons- Physics of Atomic Nuclei, 2005, v. 68, #2,p.177-183.


<$ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNF'2006

PRECISION SYSTEM OF THE MAGNETIC FIELDSTABILIZATION OF MASS-SPECTROMETER

Kazantsev S.I., Koblik Yu.N., Pikul V.P. UZ0603014Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

In the report the development of the magnetic field stabilization system of the INP AS RUzmass - spectrometer, created on the basis of the device Sh-1-1, is presented [1]. The necessity forsuch development was caused by a moral and physical deterioration of the existing equipment.Existing system of the mass- spectrometer magnetic field stabilization already qualitatively didnot correspond to the requirements of experiments directed on search not enough of intensivemodes of heavy nuclei fission under action of reactor neutrons [2]. Such experiments require forthe statistical accuracy of long expositions and, hence, of maintenance of the magnetic fieldstability in limits ± 0,001%... ± 0,002 % in a working range from 0,15 T up to 0,6 T and thenecessity in the precision system of the mass - spectrometer magnetic field stabilization isobvious.

For the decision of a task the variant of a compound power unit (PU) with three-step systemof magnetic field stabilization on its basis was chosen, thus all three steps of the magnetic fieldstabilization system is worked on the basic winding of an electromagnet. The feed of PU iscarried out from a network of 220 V with the entrance step of the crude stabilization on the basisof the electromechanical regulator, which the shaft is set in motion by the electric motor. Signalsof the control of the electric motor are manufactured by the watch scheme. The first and secondstep of stabilization provide installation and maintenance of constant value of a feed current of awinding with accuracy not worse than 0,1 %. The function of stabilization with required accuracyof a magnetic field in a backlash of magnetic system is provided with the third step ofstabilization.

For maintenance of required accuracy of measurement of a magnetic field induction in aworking backlash of a magnet by us was modified standard device Shi-I, and the block of quartzstabilization of the frequency of generator (BQSGF) for given device is created. As a result,accuracy and long-term stability of the generator frequency, and accordingly accuracy ofmeasurement of a magnetic induction stabilization are increased by the order of three. The circuitof the stabilization system is shown on figure 1, and circuit of BQSGF - on figure 2. The tests ofthe created system of the mass-spectrometer magnetic field stabilization have shown betteraccuracy, than 0,0005 %.

References:1. Arifov U.A., Belyaev A.D., Kogan V.I. etal. Separation of nuclei fission fragments in electrical

and magnetic fields. RAS SSSR, 1972, v.204, Ws 3, p.586-589.2 Pikul V.P., Jovliev U.Yu., Koblik Yu,N. et.al. Analysis of Fragment Distribution in Asymmetric

Area at Fission of 235U Induced by Thermal Neutrons- Physics of Atomic Nuclei, 2005, v. 68, N°2, p. 177-183.


M 4«§§f The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006 '-J^

MIW2006 INP-50

ENHANCEMENT OF FUSION PROBABILITIES FOR NEUTRON -RICHCOLLIDING NUCLEI USING DIFFERENT MODELS

In recent years, researchers are able to produce nuclei with neutron / proton rich content.The neutron rich nuclear beams are also exploring new dimensions in the field. The range ofneutron deficient to neutron rich nuclei is quite large. For example: one has isotopes from 48Ni to78Ni and from 12O to 28O [1]. Naturally, the dynamics involved in the collisions of these proton orneutron rich nuclei could be quite different. In addition, large experimental information is alsoavailable on fusion in recent years [1],

Nuclear dynamics at low, intermediate andrelativistic energies is governed by the interplaybetween real and imaginary parts of the potential. Due to (Pauli) blocking of nucleon-nucleonscatterings at low incident energies, only real part of the potential is enough to explain variouslow energy and density phenomena such as fusion, few nucleon transfer, fission etc. On the otherhand, nucleon-nucleon scatterings (represented by the imaginary part of the potential) dominatethe reaction at relativistic energies. Since we are interested in the low energy fusion dynamics, weshall discuss the real part of the potential only. We shall here present our recent analysis of fusionof stable and neutron/proton rich nuclei using different theoretical models.

The reaction dynamics is followed using the Skyrme Energy Density Formalism [SEDF],Bass Potential, Christen-Winther Potential, Ngo-Ngo potential as well as original proximity

potential [1]. Each of these potentials can be written as a product of geometrical factor (R ) anduniversal constant ^ ( s ) [ VN (R ) = 2TT R (f> ( s ) ] - The original proximity potential is

found to overestimate the observed barrier heights by 4-8 % [2]. Therefore, recently, ageneralized proximity potential was also reported which eliminates the problems of its previousversion. We extended the above study [2] to include also the generalized proximity potential [3]

For better understanding, we studied normalized barrier heights and positions defined as:

(2)

VBwhere R°B and V°B are, respectively, the positions and heights of the barriers for N=Z

symmetric colliding pair. Similarly, one can define normalized fusion cross-section:

cr r. . {r .... \ tr 7 I F . 1

A <J fl,

We used a large number of nuclei of Ca-Ni series and other nuclei for which the experimentaldata is available. Our findings of the above detailed studies are [1, 3]:

S All the above mentioned potentials are able to explain the experimental fusion barrier heightsand positions within reasonable limits. The fusion cross-sections, however, do not follow theexperimental trends in some cases.


^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MWP'Z006 ^ .

S The normalized barrier heights and positions are very close to each other in differenttheoretical approaches and to experimental data.

S All theoretical potentials have same trend, namely, there is a decrease in the barrier heightwith neutron content and the barriers are pushed outwards. The fusion cross-sections,however, have unique feature. One observes a sharp enhancement in the fusion probabilitywith neutron content.

S All these variations with neutron content can be parameterized with second order non linearrelation. Experiments are called for to verify our predictions.

Work supported by the Department of Atomic Energy, Govt. of India.

References:1. N. Dhiman and R.K. Puri, Acta Physica Polonica B in press (2006) and references therein.2. W.D. Mayers and WJ. Swiatecki, Phys. Rev. C 62 , 044610 (2000).3. Shivali Tandon, Maters's Thesis, Panjab Univ., Chandigarh, India, 2006.

U20603016

FERMION DYNAMICAL SYMMETRY MODEL OF NUCLEIAND ITS ASYMPTOTIC LIMITS

Baktybayev K.National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Dynamical symmetry is an important concept in physics. A shell-model description ofcollective states in medium-heavy nuclei remains a formidable task. In the interacting bosonmodel (IBM) boson degrees of freedom are introduced which are believed and, at least in somecases, have been shown, to be related to collective shell-model fermion pairs. Recently a fermiondynamical symmetry model (FDSM) [1], which aims at a description of collective states andrelies on algebraic symmetry concepts have been proposed. By assuming that coherent S and Dpairs are the most important building blocks in low-energy collective states, it is demonstratedthat a variety of dynamical symmetries exists due to the nuclear shell structure in nuclei.

All the nuclear dynamical symmetries exhibited phenomenologically by IBM are recoveredby the FDSM from a more fundamental fermionic level without the necessity of boson mapping.The energy formulas for each limiting case in the FDSM with no broken pairs are similar to theIBM ones. However, the Hamiltonian for FDSM is potentially more useful than that for thepairing plus quadrupole model since it allows a more general residual interaction, and can havebenchmark dynamical symmetries with analytical solution. The model has everyone asymptoticsymmetry limits of IBM approach. A new vibration symmetry limit (SO7) has been predicted,and observed. This symmetry is the transition symmetry, lying between the SO5 and SO6 limits.

The primary symmetry limits Sp6 x SU2 and SOs x SU2 of the FDSM are described. Thethree "vibrational-like" subchains, two of SOs symmetries and one Sp6 symmetry are compared.

The results of the SUg z> SU(3) - asymptotic limit of the model is compared withexperimental data for the even isotopes Gd.


SJXfr The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006

References:1. Ch. L. Wu, D. H. Fneng et al. // Phys. Rev. C, 1987, v. 36, p. 1157:2. Baktybaev K. et al. // Bulletin of KazSU, physics series, No.2, 2005.

UZ0603017

COMPARISON OF INTERACTING BOSON-FERMION MODELWITH SPIN-DEPENDENT GENERALIZED

COLLECTIVE MODEL FOR THE J=3/2

Baktybaev K.1, Koilyk N.\ Ramankulov K.2

'National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan2National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Collective Schrodinger equations are applied to describe low-energy spectra of even-evennuclei [1]. Spectra for even-odd nuclei are calculated by coupling the single particle degrees offreedom to the collective degree of freedom of the core nucleus, which is of even-even type. Thecollective spin has a value of 3/2. This leads to the assumption that the linearized equation maybe applied to describe nuclei with spin 3/2 in the ground state. Good description of the lowenergy spectra and electromagnetic transition probabilities can be obtained only with introductionof spin-dependent potentials, which apart from coordinates and momenta also depend on thematrices of the Clifford algebra arising in the linearization,.

The interacting boson-fermion models (IBFM) [2] represent another approach to describespectra of even-odd nuclei. For even-odd nuclei with spin 3/2 in the ground state one uses so-called j=3/2 - IBFM, which is also denoted as the UB(6)xUF(4) IBFM.

In this paper we establish the relation between the matrices of the Clifford algebra, whicharise in the linearization procedure, and the fermion operators of the j=3/2 IBFM. This allows usto establish a connection between the j=3/2 IBFM and spin dependent generalized collectivemodel (SGCM). The results of the SGCM for Ir and Au nuclei are presented and compared withthe results of the j=3/2 IBFM with a dynamical spin symmetry [3] present. In this respect wecould apply the linearized collective Schrodinger equation and IBFM with arbitrary spin to allother even-odd nuclei.

References:1. M. Greiner, W. Scheid, R.Herrmann. //Mod. Phys. Lett. 1988 A3, p. 859.2. M. Greiner, W. Scheid //Phys. Rev. 1990 C42, p.262.3. F. Iachelo, Nucl. Phys. 1980, A347, p.51.



ON THE y - SOFT LIMIT IN THE SO8 SYMMETRYOF FERMION DYNAMICAL SYMMETRY MODEL

Baktybayev K.1, Koilyk N.1, Ramankulov K.2

'National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan UZ06030182National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Bosonic and fermionic descriptions for the nuclear many body system are complementary.Without distinguishing between proton and neutron bosons, it gave rise to a successfulphenomenology for medium and heavy nuclei, and is built from the concept of dynamicalsymmetry whose genesis is a group chain. The fermionic algebra, on the other hand, such as thefermion dynamical symmetry model (FDSM) [1], is necessarily more complex because itoriginates from the shell structure and uses protons and neutrons as building blocks. In thispicture, it lacks the phenomenological freedom to separate the normal states from the exoticstates and they should all be eigenstates of a Hamiltonian whose dominate feature mustemphasize the intricate interplay between the long-range n-p quadrupole force and the short-range n-n and p-p pairing forces. Therefore the Hamiltonian is not symmetric under proton-neutron exchange. In the fermion description, the n-p quadrupole interaction responsible forsplitting these types of state and give rise to two classes of states. One class is invariant under theexchange of the protons and neutrons. These states are referred as "normal". Another class is notinvariant under the exchange and they are referred to as "exotic" or "mixed-symmetry" states.

As an example, we examine the spectrum and electromagnetic properties of !34Ba andi96Os.

Reference:1. X-W. Pan, D. H. Feng, //Phys. Rev. 1994 C50, p.818. _

UZ0603019

COLLECTIVE-SINGLE-PARTICLE EXCITED STATES OF DEFORMEDODD 155Eu AND 161Tm NUCLEI WITH SMALL TRIAXIALITY

Sharipov Sh., Ermamatov M.J., Bavimbetova J.K.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Recently we have developed non-adiabatic approach of deformed odd nuclei with smalltriaxiality [1]. In this work exponential type of potential for the longitudinal vibrations of thenuclear surface has been used and angular momentum of external nucleon has been considered asgood quantum number. This approach has explained a number of regularities observed in thespectra of some deformed nuclei with small triaxiality. Here we apply the same approach for theinvestigation of the excited states of two deformed 155Eu and161Tm nuclei.

Values of the parameters are determined from the fittng of the calculated spectra of abovenuclei with their experimental counterparts. Then the same values are used for the calculation ofreduced E2-transition probablities and quadrupole moments of the excited states of the deformedodd 155Eu and161Tm nuclei.



Comparison of calculated values of the spectra, the reduced E2-transition probabilitiesinside the rotationally - single-particle band and the quadrupole moments of the excited states ofdeformed odd !55Eu and 161Tm nuclei with experimental data shows that the model satisfactorilydescribes above properties of nuclei through only three parameters of the theory, includingstates up to high spins.

Reference:1. Sh. Sharipov, M. J. Ermamatov, Int.J.Mod.Phys., El5, 951 (2006)

UZ0603020

ANOMALOUS ASYMPTOTICS OF NUCLEAR WAVE FUNCTIONSWITH ACCOUNT OF THE COULOMB INTERACTION

Blokhintsev L.D.1, Mukhamedzhanov A.M.2

Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow, Russia1 Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, Texas, USA

The asymptotic terms of the projection of nuclear wave functions onto two-fragmentchannels (overlap integrals (01)) determine the cross sections of peripheral astrophysical nuclearreactions, in particular, of radiative capture reactions [1]. The adopted 'normal' type of theasymptotic behavior of the radial OI for the virtual a->b+c process is determined by the bindingenergy of the composite system a in the b+c channel. It was stated in the earlier work [2] that if aconsists of three or more constituents, then the asymptotic behavior of the 01 may differ fromthat 'normal' form. In the given work, the asymptotic behavior of the OI's for charged particleshas been derived by relating the asymptotic form with the singular points of the form factorcorresponding to the a—» b+c vertex. The nearest to the physical region singular point of theform factor leads to the 'anomalous' asymptotic term which fades off most slowly with r, r beingthe distance between b and c. This singular point represents the proper singularity of the triangleFeynman diagram. If one writes the a->b+c process as {cdj} -> {df}+c where braces denote abound state of the corresponding constituents (fragments), then this diagram includes three innerlines d, e = {cf}, and/and three vertices a-^d+e (vertex 1), e-> c+f (vertex 2), and d+f->b(vertex 3). Singling out the singular part of the amplitude of that diagram has been done by directinvestigation of the corresponding Feynman integral taking into account the Coulomb effects inthe vertices of the diagram. The sought-for asymptotic behavior of the 011(r) is obtained in theform

KX = (mb Imd)(Kx + *r3). (1)In eq.(l) C is the so-called asymptotic normalization coefficient (ANC) for the a-+ b+c

process, m, is the mass of the particle (fragment) /, /ryand r/• are respectively the bound-state

wave number and the Coulomb (Sommerfeld) parameter for the vertex y and K(TJ) is the bound-state wave number (the Coulomb parameter) for the a—> b+c vertex. An explicit form for theC coefficient is obtained in terms of m^ Kj VJ > K> V> ar>d C,, C: being the ANC for the y-thvertex. Two terms in the r.h.s. of eq.(l) correspond to the normal and anomalous asymptotic


<$ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'ZOOa INP-SO

behavior, respectively. If /r, < K , then the second (anomalous) term dominates at r -> oo.Examples of the anomalous asymptotic behavior of the 011{f) (*;, <K) have been found. Thenormal asymptotic term corresponds to the configuration when the distance between d and /fragments is finite at r -»oo, whereas the anomalous term originates from the configurationwhen the distance between c and/is finite at r —>• co . The anomalous asymptotic terms of the 01corresponding to the 'generalized' triangle diagram containing an arbitrary number n of innerlines in place of lines d, e, and/have also been found.

References:1. A.M. Mukhamedzhanov and R.E. Tribble, Phys. Rev. C, V. 59, P. 3418 (1999).2. L.D. Blokhintsev, Yad. Fiz. V. 34, P. 944(1981).

UZ0603021

ALPHA-CLUSTER MODEL OF NUCLEAR STRUCTURE

NieG.K.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The approach based on the a-cluster model proposes some formulas to calculate the bindingenergies and the charge radii of the nuclei of the ^-stability valley and around it [1]. The formulashave been derived on the basis of the idea of isospin independence of inter-nucleon interactions.

The approach implies that the nucleus is a dense package of alpha-clusters. The inter-clusterdistances are determined by the charge radii of the clusters, so the radius of the nucleus R isdefined by their number. Some amount of excess neutrons fill in the gap between the matterbodies of the a-clusters of the core [2]. Then the radius Rm of a p - stable isotope can beestimated by the volume occupied by the matter of the core and the volume of the charge of afew peripheral clusters. It has been shown that the condition Rm = R determines the amount ofexcess neutrons. The energy of these excess neutrons is described by a smooth function on thenumber of the neutron pairs. The formula to calculate the binding energy proper for the nucleuswith five a-clusters turned out to be good for the other nuclei up to the most heavy ones.

The formula to calculate the nuclear binding energy is evidently different from the wellknown Weizsacker formula. These two approaches give different estimations of the totalCoulomb energy and the energy due to all inter-nucleon interactions, but the values of the totalbinding energies of these approaches are close. To calculate the charge radii both the approachespropose successful but different formulas, one is R ~A1/3 and the other R~ZI/S.

A few useful phenomenological formulas have been found in the approach. These are theformulas to calculate the root mean square charge radius, the Coulomb radius and the radius ofthe last proton's position in dependence on the number of a-clusters. Besides, the empiricalvalues of the Coulomb energy and the surface tension energy with a good accuracy have beenobtained for the nuclei with N=Z.

The values of the Coulomb repulsion energy and the nuclear force energy of the inter-cluster interaction, which are 1.925 MeV and 4.350 MeV, correspondingly, could be a good testin a microscopic description of the light nuclei 12C and 16O in the framework of the few-bodyapproach.


<^> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPW'2006 'NP-SO

References:1. G. K. Nie, arXiv:nucl-th/0512023vl 07Dec2005, accepted for publication in Modern Physics

Letters A.2. G. K. Nie, arXiv:nucl-th/0603054vl 22Mar2006, accepted for publication in Modern Physics

Letters A

UZ0603022

ASYMPTOTIC NORMALIZATION COEFFICIENTSOF BINDINGS 3 t ^ d + n AND 3He -+ d + p

Nie G.K., Artemov S.V.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

One nucleon transfer reactions (d,t) and (3He,d) are important tools for obtainingspectroscopic information about nuclei [1,2]. For analysis of these reactions the values of neutronand proton asymptotic normalization coefficients C2 and Cp

2 of overlapping integrals of thenuclei t H d for the vertex t-^d+n and the nuclei 3He and d for the vertex 3He-»d+p are needed.

In [3] the value of the vertex constant for t->d+n: |G t^d+J2 = 1.34 ± 0.02 fm, whichcorresponds to Cn

2 = 4.29 fm, was obtained from analysis of the experimental data on the reactiond+d->t+p made in the framework of Dispersion Theory of nuclear reactions. Since Cn

2 = Snbn2

and Cp2 =Spbp

2 [4], where ill/p is the asymptotic coefficient of the normalized to unit bound statewave function, Sn/P is the spectroscopic factor for the neutron and proton bindings, which areequal in the case, the value of Cp

2 can be obtained from equation Cn/Cp2 - bn

2/bp2.

In [5] the values bn/? have been obtained for the symmetric and mirror nuclei of lp shell bymeans of the Shrodinger equation where the equivalent neutron and proton nuclear bound statepotentials are used. The equivalence of the single particle potentials is a consequence of isospinindependence of nuclear force. For the nucleus 4He and the mirror nuclei 3t H He the radius ofthe last proton position is less than Coulomb radius, therefore the method is not proper for thenuclei.

In the work the values of Cn2/Cv

2 for the symmetric and mirror nuclei of lp shell independence on the difference between the proton and neutron binding energies AEnp areextrapolated into AEnp=0 with Cn

2/Cp2=l for neutron and proton bindings in deutron. The value

of C/=4.37 fm for 3He-*d+p has been obtained.The work has been supported by Grant CST of Uzbekistan F-2.1.27.

References:1. I.R. Gulamov, A. M. Mukhamedzhanov and G.K. Nie// Phys. At. Nucl., V. 58. (1995)1689.2. S.V. Artemov, I.R. Gulamov, E.A. Zaparov, I.Yu. Zotov, G.K. Nie. Phys. At. Nucl. V. 59. 3

(1996)428.3. I. Borbei, A.M. Mukhamedzhanov, Intern. Conf. "Nuclear Spectroscopy and Structure of

Nuclei" Almaty, 17-20 April, 1984, Nauka, p. 413.4. L.D. Blokhintsev, I. Borbei, E.I. Dolinskii //EPAN 1977. T.8. p. 11895. G.K. Nie, Proceedings of Russian Academy of Sciences, physics series, V69, 1 (2005) 95.


$$$ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 , DVp.50

NEUTRON AND PROTON ASYMPTOTIC COEFFICIENTSFOR SYMMETRIC AND MIRROR NUCLEI

Nie G.K., Artemov S.V.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan UZ0603023

The asymptotic normalization coefficient (ANC) Cn/P2 of overlap function of nuclei A and B

where A—»B+n/p is calculated with using the spectroscopic factor Sn/P as follows [1]Cn/p ~Sn/pbn/p , where bn/p stands for the asymptotic coefficient of the normalized to unit boundstate wave function of the nucleon. The spectroscopic factors of the last neutron and proton in thesymmetric and mirror nuclei are equal. Therefore C2ICp-b^lbp.

It was shown in [2] that the requirement of equivalence of the nuclear bound state potentialsof the neutron and the proton belonging to one pair for the nuclei with N=Z and the mirror nucleitogether with the well-depth procedure for Woods-Saxon potential in numerical calculations ofthe Shrodinger equation makes bp and the root mean square radius <r2

p>m of the square wave

function distribution dependent on each other.The requirement of equivalence of the nuclear bound state potentials for neutron and proton

is a consequence of the isospin independence of the nuclear force. The representation allows oneto estimate the radius of the last proton position Rp in the nucleus on the value of the difference ofthe experimental binding energies of the neutron and the proton [3,4]. On the assumption that<r p> =RP the bound state potential parameters and the values of bnip have been obtained for aset of the nuclei of \p and \d shells.

That allows one to calculate the theoretical values of C^p for the known values oftheoretical 5n/p, as well as to obtain the empirical values of the spectroscopic factors in theframework of the standard DWBA analysis of one nucleon transfer reactions. It is also possible to

O O O*7 **}*! *^o

calculate the proton ANC Cp , if Cn is known and in reverse, as it was done for AI, Si H Si[5].

The work has been supported by the international grant STCU 3081.

References:1. L.D. Blokhintsev, I. Borbey, E.I. Dolinsky//EPAN. 1977. v.8. p. 11892. G.K. Nie, Proceedings of Russian Academy of Sciences, physics series, T69, 1 (2005) 953. G.K.Nie, Radii and binding energies in the alpha-cluster model, arXiv:nucl-th/0603054vl

22Mar20064. G.K.Nie, Charge radii for P-stable nuclei, MPLA 2006, to be published.5. G.K. Nie, S.V.Artemov, E.A.Zaparov, Frontiers in the Physics of Nucleus, LV National

Conference on Nuclear Physics, June 28-July 1, 2005, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Book ofAbstracts, P. 269


<^> The Sixth Internationa] Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006 L ^PNP'2006 _ WP-50

NEW E0-TRANSITIONS BETWEEN 0+-STATES IN 160Dy

Bogachenko D.D.1, Egorov O.K.1, Islamov T.A.2, Kalinnikov V.G.3, Kolesnikov V.V.1,Silaev V.I.1, Solnyshkin A.A.3

1 Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia^National University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

3 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, RussiaUZ0603024

Five 0+ - states in 160Dy are now known. They are as follows: ground state, and 4 excitedstates with energies 1280.0, 1456.7, 1708.2 and 1952.3 keV [1]. Apart from the mentioned statesone can expect ten more E0 states. Two of them with energies K1280.0 and 1952.3 keV werereferred in [2]. It transitions go to ground state. Recently we found EO transition with energy672.4 keV between 0+ states with energies 1952.3 and 1280.0 keV [3] and measured its intensity.Now we found some new E0 transitions:K244.1 keV between 0+ states 1952.3 and 1708.2 keV,K495.6 keV between 0+ states 1952.3 and 1456.7 keV,K1708.2 keV between 0+ states 1708.2 and 0.0 keV.

For that search we used MAS-1 set up in ITEP and photo plates, irradiated in magneticspectrograph in JINR. Moreover we found (E0+E2) transition K 1962.0 between 2+ states withenergies 2012.7 and 86.8 keV.

Now we investigate appointed transitions, with aim to define their intensity.

References:1. I. Adam, Yu.A. Vaganov, V. Vagner e.a. // Izvestia RAN, ser.phys. 2002, v. 66, # 10, p. 13742. C.W. Reich // Nucl. Data Sheets, 1996, v. 78, p. 5473. D.D. Bogachenko, I.V. Gaydaenko, O.K. Egorov e.a. // Izvestia RAN, ser.phys. 2006, v. 70, #

2, p. 320

UZ0603025

WIDE RESONANCE STATES IN 15F NUCLEUS

Irgaziev B.F.1, Goldberg V.Z.2, Mukhamedzhanov A.M.2

'institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan2Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, Texas, USA

As known many important reactions of the radiative capture reactions interesting fornuclear astrophysics go through resonance states. The Breit-Wigner formula for analysisresonance reactions is conventionally used. It is correct for a narrow resonance. There are a lot ofimportant resonance states with the wide widths. This is a common situation for the resonances indrip line nuclei, where the mistakes in the analysis of the resonance widths can result in thewrong conclusions on the nuclear structure.


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 1NP-50

In 15F nucleus, the ground state (I/2*) and the fist exited state (5/2"1") are wide resonancestates and poorly known. The 5/2+ state is narrower than state l/2+, the earliest estimation wasperformed many years ago [1], the latest results are represented in [2,3].

In this report, we have applied the Schrodinger equation, which is better suited to taking theCoulomb interaction into account. We have calculated the Gamov wave functions for bothresonance states (I/2+, 517^). The calculation is made by using a Wood-Saxon potential with setof parameters from paper [2], The potential generates the s\a and dsa states in 15F. The"standard" method definition of resonance energy is to find the point where the phase shift ofscattering is 90°, the width of resonance is equal to T=2/(d5 /dE) calculating at 5= 90° . Thescattering wave function is calculated at real energies while the Gamov function is related to thepole of S-matrix at the complex energy in the second Riemann sheet of energy. In the first stepwe find resonance energy corresponding to the scattering phase shift 8=90°, then we solve theSchrodinger equation in the neighborhood of the complex energy W=E-;T/2 obtained by thephase shift method. As a result we find the complex energy determining the coefficient atincoming wave equals to zero. Null value of this coefficient corresponds to the pole of S-matrix.Results for the energies and widths of state are shown in Table I. In the method ^max the peak ofthe interior wave function is searched solving the Schrodinger equation at the real energy. Usingthe results presented in the Table I, one can conclude that the position and the width of the broadstate significantly depends on the method of calculation.

Table I. The energies and widths of I5F are calculated by three methods.

Ground state l/2+

First exited state 5/2+

E (MeV)1 2900 0 8

1.4631.203

2.795 ±0.0452.6972.677

T (MeV)0.7

1.3260.538

0.325 ±0.060.2660.257

Methodsx max

5=7t/2

Pole of S-matrix

1 max

.S=7i/2

Pole of S-matrix

In Ref. [3] the lowest states of isospin T=3/2 in A=15 was treated as combination of one-particle, two-hole and three-particle, four-hole states with various percentage according to theshell model and the authors predicted the following energies : 1.19-1.29 MeV for l/2+ , and 2.75-2.78 MeV for 5/2+. If the state is narrow the position and width is less sensible to the methods ofcalculations. The Gamov wave function of the resonance state is complex. Fig. 1 shows the realand imaginary parts of the wave function describing the 5/2+ state. From this figure we canconclude that the probability to find the proton interior of the potential well is high and thesolution of Schrodinger equation coincidences with the outgoing wave at the external part of thepotential well.


^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'20M INP-50

1

0.6

0.6

0.4

0.2

- 0 . 2

10 \20 30 , 4 0E tlfi

0 . 2

0 . 1

-0.1

-0.2

-0.3

-0.4

1 0 20

Fig. 1. Real and imaginary parts of the wave function of the 5/2+ resonance state of 15F.Solid line is the solution of the Schrodinger equation, dashed line is the outgoing Coulombfunction (Whittaker function).

References:1. G.J. KeKelis et al, Phys. Rev. C 17, 1929 (1978).2. V.Z. Goldberg et al., Phys. Rev. C 69, 031302(R) (2004).3. H.T. Fortune, R. Sherr, Phys. Rev. C 72, 024319 (2005).

UZ0603026

ASYMPTOTIC NORMALIZATION COEFFICIENTSFOR THE STATES OF NUCLEUS 14N AND ASTROPHYSICAL

S-FACTORS FOR THE 13C(p,y)14N REACTION

Artemov S.V., Bajajin A.G., Igamov S.B, Karakhodzhaev A.A., Nie G.K., Zaparov E.A,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The values of asymptotic normalization coefficients C2 of overlapping functions for thestates of nucleus 14N lying below the proton separation energy have been obtained from analysisof the reaction I3C(3He,cf)14N to be used in calculation of astrophysical S-factor in radiativeproton capture in 13C(p,y) 4N. The astrophysical reaction belongs to CNO cycle in the stellarelement production reactions [1], which defines its importance.

Our experimental data on the reaction at £3He = 22.3, 32.5 and 34.0 MeV, partly publishedearlier [2] (0.0 MeV (I4),- 2.313 MeV (0+), 3.948 MeV (I4)), partly new (4.915 MeV (0'), 5.106MeV (2), 7.028 MeV (2+)), as well as the other experimental data known from literature atother energies, have been analyzed in the framework of the modified DWBA [2, 3]. The value ofC2 of the light vertex 3He —• d + p has been corrected according to our separate investigation ofthe symmetric and mirror nuclei [4]. New and revised values of C2 and S of 14N —» 13C + p forseven states are presented in the work.

The obtained values of ANCs have been used for the calculation of the contributions fromboth resonant and nonresonant proton captures in analysis of radiative proton capture in reaction13C(/?,y)14N in the framework of R- matrix approach to calculate the astrophysical S-factor. Thecalculated values of S-factor are in agreement with the experimental data.

The work was supported in part by grant of Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences # 5-04.



References:1. J.D. King,R.E. Azuma, J.B. Vise, J.Gorres, C. Rolfs, H.P. Trautvetter, A.E. Vlieks. Nucl.

Phys. A567 (1994) 354.2. S.V. Artemov, I.R. Gulamov, E.A. Zaparov, I.Yu. Zotov, G.K. Nie. Phys. At. Nucl. V. 59 # 3

(1996)428.3. I.R. Gulamov, A.M. Mukhamedzhanov, G.K. Nie. Phys. At. Nucl., V.58 (1995) 1689.4. G.K. Nie, S.V. Artemov, Asymptotic normalization coefficients of 3He —* d+p and 3t ,

Abstarct of the Conference.

UZ0603027

IVBM ANALYSIS OF 162Dy ROTATIONAL BANDS

Solnvshkin A.A.1, Garistov V.P.1'2! Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia

2Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Sofia, Bulgaria

Recently [1] from 7Li + 160Gd reactions a large amount of experimental data in 162Dy hasbeen extracted and especially for the energies of more than six bands - ground band, S-band, y-band, K* = 4+ band and three negative parity bands with K* = 5", K" - 2" and K* = 0".

In present paper applying the Interacting Vector Bosons Model (IVBM) [2] we perform theanalysis of the energies of these rotational bands. The general expression for the energy providedby model Hamiltonian in terms of the N, X and ]i, looks like [2]:

E((X,p.);L;T0) = aN+ai N(N+5)+p3 L(L+l)+a3 (k2+\L2+'k\i+3'k+3}i)+cTo2, (1)

where a, a-t, P3, 0(3, c - model parameters.As shown in [2] the moment of inertia of the nucleus in any monopole excited state |n> can

be written as a function of number of monopole bosons "n" in the form :J(n)=J(0)(l+xn), (2)

where J(0) - moment of inertia of the nucleus in the ground state, and x determined by nuclearradius R, diffuseness parameter s and compressibility coefficient Q :

_ EoR2((2On-3)R4 +30)(4;r-l)i? V + 4 5 ( 4 ; r - 1 > 4 )

X~ SC0n2(R6 +\3R4s2 +45R2s4 +45s6) (3)

This approach allows us to define the parameter of inertia P3 as:p3=l/(2J(n)) = po/(l+nx). (4)

In our calculations we use one set of model parameters for all the bands and their values arepresented in table

a0.007 -0.0010463

a30.004

X

0.0542Po

0.0102

The mean-root deviation of theoretical and experimental energies for all bands underconsideration in 162Dy nucleus is A = 11.7 keV per point and the agreement between theory andexperiment can be estimated as nicely good.

The investigation was supported by Bulgarian Science Foundation under contracts O1501and Ol 496 and partially by RFBR.


The Sixth Internationa) Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006

f~\;~!

INP-50

Conpariscn of 1VBM calculations wth experiment in mTfy

<D

BandK"=O- /

References:A.Jungclaus, B.Binder, A.Dietrich, T.Hartlein, H.Bauer, Ch.Gund, D.Pansegrau, D.Schwalm,J.L.Egido, Y.Sun, D.Bazzacco, G.de Angelis, E.Farnea, A.Gadea, S.Lunardi, D.R.Napoli,C.Rossi-Alvarez, C.Ur, G.B.Hagemann \\ Phys. Rev. C. 2002. P. 66. P. 014312.H.Ganev, V.P.Garistov, A.Georgieva, Phys. Rev.C. 2003. V.69. P. 0143305.

UZ0603028

ON THE DETERMINATION OF THE VERTEX CONSTANTSAND ASYMPTOTIC NORMALIZATION COEFFICIENTS

Blokhintsev L.D., Yeremenko V.O.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow, Russia.

The nuclear vertex constant (VC) Gabc is the on-shell matrix element of the virtual decay (orsynthesis) of a composite system into fragments b and c: a<rJ>b+c. It is proportional to theasymptotic normalization coefficient (ANC) of the wave function of the system a in the b+cchannel. VC's and ANC's are important nuclear characteristics. They determine the crosssections of low-energy nuclear reactions with charged particles, in particular, of the peripheralastrophysical nuclear reactions [1]. There are different methods to obtain information on thevalues of VC's and ANC's, either from the analysis of experimental data or by calculating themusing approaches of nuclear structure theory. Some of these methods are described in the review


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MFNP'2006

article [2]. In the given work, the new method of determining VC's is suggested, which makesuse both of the experimental information and of the analytical properties of the scatteringamplitudes. We consider two integrals over k of the partial wave amplitude f,{k) of the elasticb+c scattering in the complex k plane, k being the relative momentum of b and c. In the firstintegral (/j) /,(&) is integrated along the real k axis where its values could be in principle takenfrom the phase-shift analysis of the corresponding data. The integration path of the secondintegral (72) is chosen along the dynamical cut of fi(k), which is situated on the positive

imaginary k semi-axis. The integrand of I2 is the discontinuity of f} (k) on this cut. Its explicit

form follows from the analytical properties of /,(&). If there exists the bound state a with the

angular momentum / in the b+c system, then, according to the Cauchy theorem, the sum /1 + /2

is equal to 2m res/,(k), where res//(k) is the residue of /,(£) at the pole corresponding to the

binding energy of a in the b+c channel. This residue is expressed directly in terms of the sought-

for VC Gabc [2]. The integration limits of /[ and I2 are infinite and practically one knows the

integrands in the limited intervals only. To improve the convergence of the integrals, one may

multiply the integrand / , (k) by exp(ikR) where R is an arbitrary parameter, the value of which

does not influence the value of the extracted Gabc-

To test the suggested method, a model example was considered. The amplitude fo(k) was

constructed in the explicit form, which satisfied the unitarity conditions and displayed the correct

behavior at k -> 0 and k -> oo. In the upper half-plane of k, f0 (k) possesses a dynamical cut

beginning at k = iy and a pole at k - \K corresponding to the single bound state. The parameters

of fo(k) were fitted to the low-energy parameters of the neutron-proton scattering in the triplet S

state. In the example under consideration, the integrands of 7, and I2 are written in the explicit

form and the integration could easily be done. Using the method described above resulted in the

determination with a high accuracy of the VC Gdnp corresponding to the d —> n + p vertex. It was

corroborated that including the exp(ikR) factor considerably improved the convergence of the

values of the VC.It is worth noting that VC's are more fundamental quantities than ANC's. Indeed, VC's are

related in the model-independent way to scattering amplitudes whereas the formula relating theANC to the corresponding VC contains the combinatorial factor depending on the model of thewave function used, namely, on the way of its antisymmetrization.

References:1. A.M. Mukhamedzhanov and R.E. Tribble, Phys. Rev. C, V. 59, P. 3418 (1999).2. L.D. Blokhintsev, I. Borbey, and E.I. Dolinsky, EChAYa, V. 8, P. 1189 (1977).


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006 '

ANALYTIC APPROACH TO THE RELATIVISTIC PROBLEMOF CONSTRUCTING EFFECTIVE NUCLEON-NUCLEON

AND PION-NUCLEON INTERACTION OPERATORS AT LOWAND INTERMEDIATE ENERGIES

UZ0603029 Safronov A.N.1, Safronov A.A.21 Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow, Russia.

2State Institute of Radioengineering, Electronics and Automation, Moscow, Russia

A nonperturbative character of QCD at low and intermediate energies generates seriousmathematical difficulties in describing the dynamics of hadron-hadron interactions in termsquark-gluon degrees of freedom. Therefore much effort has gone in past years into developingQCD-motivated approaches that formulate the theory of strong interaction in terms of hadrondegrees of freedom. The path-integral technique together with idea of spontaneous chiral-symmetry breaking leads to Effective Field Theory (EFT) [1]. Unfortunately EFT can be appliedto description of hadron-hadron interactions only at very low energies. On the other hand, mesontheories of nuclear forces have long since been used to describe the properties of nucleon systemsand scattering processes. Now it is not quite clear, up to what distances the meson-exchangepattern of nuclear forces is valid. Recently the new relativistic approach to the problem ofconstructing effective hadron-hadron interaction operators has been proposed [2-4] on the basisof analytic S-matrix theory and Gelfand-Levitan-Marchenko-Martin methods for solving theinverse quantum scattering problem. In this approach effective potential is defined as a localoperator in a partial-wave equation of the quasipotential type such that it generates on-shellrelativistic (Feynman) scattering amplitude that has required discontinuities at dynamical cuts.The discontinuities of partial-wave amplitudes are determined by model-independent quantities(renormalized vertex constants and amplitudes of subprocesses involving on-mass-shell particlesoff the physical region) and can be calculated by methods of relativistic quantum field theorywithin various dynamical approaches. In particular, EFT can be used to calculate thediscontinuities across dynamical-cut segments closest to the physical region. In [2-4] we haveexamined the basic features of the proposed approach. Attention has been given primarily toanalyzing the new mechanism of formation of a short-range repulsive core. In the given work thisapproach is generalized for constructing effective hadron-hadron interaction operators inframework multichannel formalism in arbitrary angular momentum states taking into accounteffects of inelasticity. The methods of taking into account mechanisms of formation a quark-gluon compound states in hadron-hadron interactions are elaborated also. The developed methodsare applied to constructing nucleon-nucleon interaction operators in different partial-wave states.The boson-exchange model was used to calculate the discontinuities of the partial-wavescattering amplitudes taking into account TT, a, p, a), rj, a0 -meson contributions. The effective

nucleon-nucleon potentials in our approach (as against the one-boson-exchange model in usualsense) contain nonlinear contributions on dynamic discontinuities of partial-wave scatteringamplitudes, which play essential role at small distances. Note that in realistic Bonn potentialmodel [5] the short-range repulsion is due to co -meson exchange contribution. It is required inthis theory non-realistically large value («20) of the coupling constant g2

mNN I An . The value ofthis coupling constant in our approach is consistent with available experimental data [6] and also



with theoretical quark-model calculations. The theoretical predictions of the proposed approachare in fairly good agreement with partial-wave-analysis data for laboratory kinetic energies ofincident nucleon up to T=\.5-2.0 GeV. The developed approach is applied also to pion-nucleonscattering at kinetic energies of incident pion up to T=2.Q GeV.

This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under the projectNo 04-02-16967.

References:1. S. Wenberg, Nucl. Phys. V. B363, P. 3 (1991).2. A.N. Safronov and A.A. Safronov, Yad. Fiz. V. 69, P. 408 (2006).3. A.N. Safronov and A.A. Safronov, Izv. RAN, ser. fiz., V. 68, P. 1195 (2004).4. A.N. Safronov and A.A. Safronov, Izv. RAN, ser. fiz., V. 70, P. 258 (2006).5. R. Machleidt. Phys. Rev. C, V. 63, 024001 (2001).6. O. Krehl et al. Phys. Rev. C, V. 62, 025207 (2000).

UZ0603030

CORRELATION FEMTOSCOPY OF HEAVY ION COLLISIONS

Lednicky R.Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia

Institute of Physics, Prague, Czech Republic

The momentum correlations of two or more particles at small relative momenta in theircenter-of-mass system are widely used to study space-time characteristics of the productionprocesses on a level of fm = 10"15 m, so serving as a correlation femtoscopy tool. Particularly, fornon-interacting identical particles, like photons or, to some extent, pions, these correlations resultfrom the interference of the production amplitudes due to the symmetrization requirement ofquantum statistics. The momentum correlations of particles emitted at nuclear distances are alsoinfluenced by the effect of final state interaction (FSI). Thus the effect of the Coulomb interactiondominates the correlations of charged particles at very small relative momenta (of the order of theinverse Bohr radius of the two-particle system), respectively suppressing or enhancing theproduction of particles with like or unlike charges. Though the FSI effect complicates thecorrelation analysis, it is an important source of information allowing for the coalescencefemtoscopy, the correlation femtoscopy with unlike particles including the access to the relativespace-time asymmetries in particle production and a study of strong interactions between specificparticles. In this review, I will shortly discuss the recent results obtained from the femtoscopyanalysis of like and unlike particle correlations in relativistic heavy ion collisions.

99Section 1. Physics of Particles and Nuclei

< ^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006 KJ-MPNP'2006 . jNP-50

m FORMATION OF THE PROTONS IN CTA-COLLISIONS AT 4.2 A GeV/S= ^ = CO

! OCO Bekmirzaev R.N.1, Olimov Kh.K.2, Olimov K.2, Jomuradov D.1

! § 'State Pedagogical University, Djizakh, Uzbekistan| N 2Physical-Technical Institute of SPA "Physics-Sun", Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The present work is devoted to the study of the momentum and angular distribution of theprotons produced in CTa-collisions at 4.2 A GeV/s. The experimental results are compared withpredictions of Dubna version of the cascade-evaporation model (DCM) [1,2].

The experimental data were obtained with the use of 2-m propane bubble chamber wherethree Tantalum (A=181) plastics, having the width 1 mm and located at the distance 93 mm fromeach other, were placed in its working volume. The chamber was exposed to a beam of carbonnuclei accelerated at Dubna synchrophasotron to the momentum 4.2 A GeV/s. The statistics ofthe analyzed data consists of 2420 measured CTa-events. The methodological questionsconnected with determination of kinematical characteristics of the secondary particles and theiridentification by mass and charge are shown in [3-5].

The protons having the momentum less than 200 MeV/s were absorbed in tantalum plasticsand therefore could not be registered. Up to the momentum 1 GeV/s, the protons and TC- mesonswere separated by ionization and track length. Among the singly-charged positive particles withthe momentum higher than 1 GeV/c, iC- mesons were excluded based on an assumption that thenumber of positive and negative pions is equal in this momentum range, since an impingingnucleus (C) contains the same number of protons and neutrons. The fraction of n+- mesons wasproved to be about 8 % among the singly-charged positive particles. The inclusion of correctionsdue to non-measured protons is similar to that used for n—mesons [6]. In addition, the momentaof the protons, having the measured angles only, were restored statistically as it follows. Theseprotons are mainly either "quasi" or inelastic scattered ones with the momentum 0.2<p<0.8GeV/s. Due to this the momenta distributions of the well measured protons in the momentumrange 0.2-1.0 GeV/s were constructed dividing them on 18 groups according to their ejectionangles with the angular interval AO IO0. This was necessary to somehow account for theirexperimental momentum-angle distributions. Then according to the ejection angle of the proton,its momentum was simulated by Monte-Carlo method from the corresponding group distributionon momenta. The separation of the stripping protons was done according to [7], i.e. the singly-charged positive particles having the momentum greater than 3 GeV/s and ejection angles <2.5°were taken as the stripping ones.

The mean multiplicity of the protons taking into account all the corrections in theexperiment proved to be <np>exp = 14.1 ± 0.3, which coincides within statistical uncertaintieswith the corresponding value <np>DCM - 13.7 ± 0.4 calculated according to DCM. It should benoted that also the mean values of the full and transverse momenta and ejection angles of theprotons in the experiment coincided within statistical uncertainties to the corresponding valuescalculated according to DCM.

The momentum distribution of the protons in the momentum range 0.2<p<6 GeV/s isshown in fig. 1. There the predictions of DCM are given by the solid line. It is seen that DCMdepicts satisfactorily the experimental data almost in the whole momentum range. The slightdeviations observed in the region p>5 GeV/s are probably due to the mixture of deuterons amongthese particles. DCM depicts satisfactorily the angular distribution of the protons in the


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006INP-SO

experiment too (see fig. 2). But DCM does not depict the experimental spectrum of the protonson the squared transverse momentum; the experimental spectrum continues up to pt

2<4 (GeV/s)2,whereas the calculated spectrum ends at pt

2<3 (GeV/s)2. In the region pt2>l (GeV/s)2 there are 7

% of the protons in the experiment, whereas the model data give 3.7 %, i.e. the model lessens thefraction of the protons with high transverse momenta by 3.3 %. These protons with hightransverse momenta could be produced via the scattering of the protons on the multi-quarkclusters.

Fig.l. The momentum distribution of the protons: • - experiment, the solid line - DCMpredictions.

2 0 4 0 6 0 S O 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 6 0 1 8 0

e, g r a d .

Fig.2. The angular distribution of the protons: • - experiment, the solid line - DCMpredictions.

References:1. Gudima K.K., Toneev V.D. Yad. Fiz., 1978, v. 29, p. 6692. Gudima K.K., Toneev V.D. Nucl. Phys. A.1983, v. 400, p.173.3. Agakishiev G.N. et al. JINR Comm. Pl-81-176, Dubna, 1981.4. BatarTs.etal. JINR Comm. Pl-81-516, Dubna, 1981.5. AngelovN et al. JINR Comm. El-12548, Dubna, 1979.6. Agakishiev G.N. et al. JINR Comm. PI-82-288, Dubna, 1982.7. R.N. Bekmirzaev et al. JINR Comm. PI-85-680, Dubna, 1985.


<£§? The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'aOM 1W-50

TWIST -4 DISTRIBUTION AMPLITUDES OF PIONSAND THEIR IMPACT ON SOME EXCLUSIVE PROCESSES

l l l i n l l l l l l l l , f nUZ0603032 Institute for Physical Problems, Baku, Azerbaijan

The leading and higher twist distribution amplitudes (DAs) of hadrons are importantingredients in investigation of numerous exclusive processes within QCD. The traditional methodfor the description of DA is based on the conformal symmetry of the QCD Lagrangian. In theframework of this approach the leading and higher twist DAs are expanded over the conformalspin. Because of the increasing number of parameters at higher conformal spins and practicaldifficulties in phenomenological applications, one has to restrict one's self by only the first fewterms in the conformal expansion of DAs. At the same time, the suppression of higher spincontributions and the convergence of conformal expansion at present experimentally availableenergy regimes is by no means obvious and may be wrong. Therefore, one needs to draw newapproaches to clarify this problem.

The renormalon model of higher twist DAs [1] pursues to test precisely this issue, that is toset a plausible upper bound for the possible contributions of higher conformal spins that so farescaped attention.

In the renormalon approach the light mesons' twist -3 and -4 DAs are determined in terms

of the corresponding leading twist DAs. Within this approach the pion twist -4 DAs q>\*\u) and

<p^ {u) are given by the expressions

>, ( 1 )

where 82 =0.2GeV2 is the parameter estimated from the two-point QCD sum rules, and

u s l - w . The functions Ln(Q2) determine the evolution of the DAs on the factorization scale

Q2). (2)

The components <px^2\u) of the twist -4 DAs are given as:

n2

<p\ (u) = u[ln u — Li2 (w)] + u [in u - Li2 {u)] ~uu + — ,6

-~u2 +-uA\nu --uu -~u2u2, (3)2 3 ) 6 4

3, x ( 1 3 1 4 1 s i { 1-3 1-4 1 - 5 \ - 1 - 1 2-2 17 3_3

<pUu)= - - w + - « u lnw+ — u +-u M lnw uu +—uu uu ,] { 6 4 10 ) {6 4 10 ) 60 10 36and

+uu, (p\{u)~—u2u2, (p\(u) = u2u2 M3M3 (4)



These DAs can be employed for computation of the pion electromagnetic F^(Q2) and

transition F (Q ) form factors (FFs) within the light -cone sum rules method. Our aim is to

compare the light -cone sum rules predictions for the electromagnetic and transition FFs withexperimental data and to extract constraints on the parameters

b\ = b2(Q2 =\Gev2), b%=b4(Q

2 =\Gev2) of the pion twist-2 (leading twist) DA (pK{u,Q2),

n(Q2)(uuy. (5)

The values obtained from the analysis of the pion electromagnetic FF are [2]:

&2°= 0.2 ±0.03, bl =-0.03 ±0.06 . (6)From consideration of the transition FF we get [3]

62°=0.27, 64°=-0.3, (7)where the corresponding \cr region of the parameters has a complicated form. This \a areaoverlaps with (6) in the region determined by the following values of the parameters

Z>2° =0.2-0.23, bl= -0.05 -(-0.09). (8)Equation (8) is our estimate for the parameters in the pion twist -2 DA.

References:1. V. M. Braun, E. Gardi and S. Gottwald, Nucl. Phys. B685, 171 (2004).2. S. S. Agaev, Phys. Rev. D 72, 074020 (2005).3. S. S. Agaev, Phys. Rev. D 72, 114010 (2005); Erratum-ibid. D 73, 059902 (2005).

UZ0603033

SEARCH FOR TIME-REVERSAL VIOLATION IN KAON DECAYS

Depommier P.University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada

I will report on experiments which have been performed at the Japanese NationalLaboratory KEK, Tsukuba, Japan, using stopped kaons from the 12 GeV synchrocyclotron.

The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics has been extremely successful in describing abroad range of phenomena, sometimes with extreme accuracy. However, we are not completelysatisfied with the SM, for several reasons. And we are hoping to observe some "physics beyondthe Standard Model".

An attractive possibility is to search for observables which are not present (or are negligiblysmall) in the SM. An example is the transverse polarization of the muon in the decaysK * -> 7tafi*v and K

+ -+Y/SV, the first one being particularly attractive because it is practically

exempt from final-state interaction. The experimental method and experimental set-up will bedescribed and the upper limits obtained will be presented.


The Sixth International Conference "Modem Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP-2006

UZ0603034

ROLE OF THE 9Be NUCLEUS STRUCTURE INPROTON AND TI-MESON SCATTERING

tbraeva E.T.1, Zhusupov M.A.2, Imambekov O.2

Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty, Kazakhstan2National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

The nucleus 9Be has nonzero spin, large quadruple moment and anomalously low bindingenergy in cfra+N channel. The most preferable model of this nucleus is the 2oN model with itswave function (WF) calculated in [1, 2] for realistic potentials of inter-cluster interactions. Thefollowing three components make comparable contributions into the ground state of the nucleus9Be (f=3/2-):

j(r,R) = £Vu(f ,R) =%n(r,R) ,R) 0)AIL

where f and ifare the coordinates of relative motion of two a-particles and the center of mass ofthe system of two a-particles and a nucleon; X and / - their conjugate orbital moments; L - total

orbital moment of the nucleus; Z +1=L.

Table. Configurations accounted in 9Be WF and their relative weights in %.

Quantum numbersX022

1111

L112

S1/21/21/2

Models (units of basis)1 (7*7)40.7834.7121.31

2(7*9)42.9535.5419.57

3 (8*9)38.75934.95825.902

The calculations were performed for 3 pair interactions V^, Va>n, Va^n. As pair interactions

we used the following ones: Vaa - Ali-Bodmer potential that includes repulsion at small distances;.

Vm- a potential with even-odd splitting of phase shifts (model 1); Vaa- deep attracting potential

with Buck-form forbidden states; Vm - the same as in model 1 (model 2); Vaa - the same as in

model 2; Vm - Sack-Biedenharn-Breit (SBB) potential (model 3).Particular interest is represented in this case by the opportunity to study aa-interactions. As

it is known, the compound nucleon structure of a-particles can be taken into account in two waysby the WF of relative motion. In the first model consideration of fermion statistics is related toutilization of the /-dependant Ali-Bodmer potential that includes repulsion at small distances. Inthe second model the same purpose is achieved by the Buck's deep aa attracting potential thathas Gauss form and includes states forbidden by Pauli principle. At that description of phaseshifts in both models is of almost equal quality. In general, description of energy spectra andsome nuclear characteristics for 9Be in the model with narrow /-dependant potential with Ali-Bodmer repulsion is somehow better than the same in deep attraction potential with forbiddenstates.

We have calculated differential sections (DS) for proton scattering at energies 0.2 - 1.0GeV and 7i+-mesons at energies 0.13 - 0.5 GeV within the Glauber diffraction scattering theoryusing the presented above 3-particle WFs for the 9Be nucleus and compared the results with


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006

available experimental data. Our calculations of WFs presented at the figure for the model 1(solid line 1) at low (0<12°) and moderate (0>15°) scattering angles agree well with theexperimental data while at intermediate angles 12°>8>15° the inflection is more evident than thesame of the experimental data. In this region the curves 2 (model 2) and 3 (model 3) are locatedcloser to the experimental points. The inflection is stipulated by interference of differentscattering multiplicities in the multiple scattering operator Q. The curves 2 and 3 provide similardescription of the sections since WFs in models 2 and 3 are different in the form of cm-potentialonly (with even-odd splitting of phase shifts in the model 2, and SBB - in the model 3) which haslittle influence on the form of WF and, therefore, on the section. Unfortunately, at E=1.0 GeVexperimental sections have been measured up to the angle 20° only [3].

Upon comparing the calculated with different aa-interaction potentials DS in WF of the 9Benucleus, one can get to the conclusion that at moderate scattering angles the section could bebetter described by WF in Buck's potential with qualitatively better description for the entireangle range provided by WF in Ali-Bodmer potential.

Fig. Differential scattering sections of protons at the nucleus 9Be. Curves 1, 2 and 3represent calculated WF in the models 1,2 and 3. Dots represent experimental data from [3].

103

102

8- io'voa

§ 10-'

10-2

103

a :E =1,04 TsB T

p i

1

1

\Oi- 1

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

9, rpaa.

We have also calculated the contribution into differential sections from various WFcomponents for the nucleus 9Be (formulae 1). It was shown that partial sections vary slightly andhave similar structures since the weights of these components are almost the same (see the tableabove). Non of the partial sections along describes experimental data; joint contribution of all WFcomponents assures such fit.

References:1. Kukulin V.I. et al. // Nucl.Phys., 1995, V.A586, p. 151.2. Zhusupov M.A. et.al. II Izv.RAN, ser.fiz., 1996, v.60, p. 123.3. AlkhazovGD. // Yad.Fiz., 1985, v.42,p.8.


Pn<{§> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006

MPNP'20M . . . ?

ETA-MESIC NUCLEI FORMATION IN dA-COLLISIONS AT THENUCLOTRON (FIRST RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY)

Artemov A.S.1, Afanasiev S.V.1, Bekmirzaev R.N.1, Dryablov D.K.1, Igamkulov Z.A.1,Ivanov V.I.1, Isupov A.Ju.1, Malakhov A.I.1, Lebedev A.I.2, L'vov A.I.2,

Pavlyuchenko L.N.2, Polyansky V.V.2, Sidorin S.S.2, Sokol G.A.2

'joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia2Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia

UZ0603035

We present the first results on searching up of r|-mesic nuclei obtained on an internal beamof Nuclotron. The reaction d + C-»K + p + was investigated for two energies of deuterons - 1.4AGeV and 1.5 AGeV. For energy 1.5 AGeV in the spectrum of effective mass of proton-mesonpairs the similarity of a resonance in region 1500 MeV is found. The analysis of the obtained datais given.

UZ0603036

CROSS SECTION OF pp- ANNIHILATION AT 32 GeV/s

Boos E.G., Temiraliev T., Samoilov V.V., Pokrovsky N.S., Zhautykov B.O.Institute of Physics and Technology, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Experimental data (-200000 events) of pp- interactions at 32 GeV/s has been obtainedfrom 5 m hydrogen bubble chamber "Mirabelle" expose at Serpukhov accelerator. The statisticalidentification of secondary charge particles was carried out in all allowed kinematical region,which provided detail coincidence of the differential cross section of particles and antiparticles ina mirror symmetry system. The average number of protons < n >, antiprotons < n~ > perinteraction for every topology was estimated by taking into account the statistical weight. Thecross section of pp - annihilation was calculated on the base of < np > and <n~>.

The cross section of antiproton - proton annihilation has been evaluated in the i -thtopology by following expression

ANN _ i _ np,p \PP) ~ ;

I <np(PP)>, ,The formula was reduced ^ in assumption, that the number of protons and antiprotons

< np - [NAN) >. per one nonannihilation interaction is the same as the average number of

protons < np (pp) >t in inelastic proton-proton collisions. At the calculations of the cross sections

of annihilation from the foregoing formula the value of < np (/?/?)>, was taken from the data of

PP - interactions at 24 GeV/s ^ . Experimental data are given in Table 1.


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 1NP-50

Table 1. The mean number of protons, antiprotons and cross section of PP - annihilationat 32 GeV/c.

topology(02

4

6

8

10

12

all

<np>

0,448 ± 0,007

0,535 ± 0,005

0,499 ± 0,005

0,439 ± 0,007

0,346 ±0,010

0,266 ±0,017

0,483 ± 0,003

<

0,440

0,527

0,486

0,438

0,324

0,254

0,477

np>

± 0,006

± 0,005

± 0,005

±0,007

±0,010

±0,016

± 0,003

1,08 ±

2,05 ±

2,36 ±

1,88±

1,00 ±

-

0,33

0,16 i

0,13

0,10

References:1. Boos E. G., Ermilova D.I., et al. // Nucl. Phys. (Russian) 1986, 43, B 1,2. Blobel V., Brandenburg G. W., et al. Nucl. Phys. 1974, B 69, p. 454

p. 105

UZ0603037

CLUSTERING IN PERIPHERAL FRAGMENTATION OF LIGHTRELATIVISTIC NUCLEI IN NUCLEAR TRACK EMULSION

Zarubin P.I.Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia

The relativistic nuclei dissociation in peripheral interactions can reach a total destructioninto nucleons and single and double charged fragments. In spite of the relativistic velocity of thefragments system as a whole, the relative motion of fragments is non-relativistic one. Theinvariant presentation makes it possible to extract qualitatively new information about few-clustersystems from fragmentation of relativistic nuclei in peripheral interactions. The emulsiontechnique allows one to observe these systems to the smallest details and gives the possibility ofstudying them experimentally (http://becquerel.lhe.jinr.ru/).

The results of investigations dealing with the charge topology of the fragments produced inperipheral dissociation of 1.2A 8B nuclei in emulsion are presented. Events of peripheraldissociation of the 8B nucleus were selected from the events which do not involve the productionof the target-nucleus fragments and mesons ("white" stars). A leading contribution of the8B—>7Be+p mode having the lowest energy threshold was revealed on the basis of those events.Information on the relative probability of dissociation modes with a larger multiplicity wasobtained. The dissociation of a 7Be core in 8B indicates an analogy with that of the free 7Benucleus. The transverse momentum distributions of the fragments from the B—* Be+pdissociation mode were obtained. Their small average value, <PT >=52 MeV/c in the c.m.s.

107' Section I. Physics of Particles and Nuclei

<§J The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MWP'2006 rNp-?»

reflects a low binding energy of the external proton in the 8B nucleus. An indication for a strongazimuthal correlation of the 7Be and p fragments was observed.

For the particular case of the 1.2A 9Be nucleus dissociation it is shown that precise angularmeasurements play a crucial role in the restoration of the excitation spectrum of the alpha particlefragments. This nucleus is dissociated practically totally through the 0+ and 2+ states of the 8Benucleus.

The cluster degrees of freedom in nuclei are deeply associated with the process of theirsynthesis. The given event of the breakup with simultaneous charge-exchange of the 10B nucleusinto 3 He nuclei points to a possible population of the excited states of the 10C nucleus with adeep rearrangement of the cluster structure of this nucleus. Observation of this process can pointto the occurrence of an inverse fusion process 23He+4He in stellar media.

UZ0603038

INCLUSIVE PRODUCTION OF DEUTERONSIN I6Op-INTERACTIONS AT 3.25 A GeV/s

Bazarov E.Kh., Olimov K., Karshiev D.A., Yuldashev B.S.Physical-Technical Institute of SPA "Physics-Sun ", Tashkent, Uzbekistan

One of the most important problems of high energy physics is an investigation ofmechanisms of fragmentation of relativistic nuclei in interactions with nucleons and nuclei. Thecross section of production of light particles is comparable to the total cross section of thereaction and, consequently, the production of the light particles is the characteristic feature of theprocess of fragmentation of nuclei. The study of mechanisms of production of light nuclei helpsto understand the processes of fragmentation.

The present work is devoted to the study of production of deuterons formed in ^Op-interactions.

The experimental data were obtained with the use of I-m hydrogen bubble chamber ofLaboratory of High Energies of JINR. The statistics analyzed in the present work consists of11098 measured ' Op - events. The methodical singularities of the experiment are given in works[1-3].

The experimental results are compared with the predictions of cascade fragmentationevaporation model - CFEM [4].

The mean multiplicity of deuterons in experiment proved to be <nj> - 0.331 ± 0.007, whichis 1.4 times higher than the value calculated according to CFEM, <nd> = 0.239 ± 0.003. Theinclusive cross sections of production of deuterons proved to be 110.6 ± 2.3 and 79.8 ± 1.0 mb inthe experiment and in the model, respectively. The distribution on full momentum of deuteronsflying to the forward and backward hemisphere, and in total, as well as separate distribution inthe oxygen rest frame was obtained. The distribution on transverse momentum of deuterons wasstudied.

The main results of this investigation are as follows. In the momentum distribution of"forward-deuterons" in the oxygen rest frame in the region 0.4 < p < 0.55 GeV/c the "shoulder"was found out, which can be connected with the mechanism of coalescence of cascade nucleons,


^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 _ ^ _ _ _ _ ^ _ _ _ _ _ _ ^ _ tNP-S0

decays of relatively fast light fragments, and also with the quasi-elastic knock-out of deuteronsfrom the oxygen nucleus by proton-target.

The mean multiplicities of fragments correlate with the presence of deuterons in event.These correlations are positive for fragments with charges Zf < 4, and negative for those withcharges 5 < Zf < 7, which is probably connected with the conservation of baryon charge. Themean multiplicities of light fragments do not depend on mechanisms of deuteron production.CFEM does not reproduce the experimental data on production of deuterons.

References:1. V.V. Glagolev et al. Pis'ma v JETF, 58,497 (1993)2. V.V. Glagolev et al. Pis'ma v JETF, 59, 316 (1994)3. V.V. Glagolev et al. Yad. Fiz., 58, 2005 (1995)4. A.S. Botvina, E.S. Golubeva et al., Preprint ILI AN USSR P-0657 (Moscow, 1990)

UZ0603039

FORMATION OF PROTON-FRAGMENTS IN HADRON-NUCLEUS ANDNUCLEUS-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS AT HIGH ENERGIES

Bazarov E.Kh., Olimov K., Petrov V.I., Lutpullaev S.L.Physical-Technical Institute of SPA "Physics-Sun", Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The investigation of production of protons in hadron- and nucleus-nucleus interactions is akey problem allowing one to establish the singularities of dynamics of nuclear interactions. Theformation of proton-fragments at high energies of colliding particles proceeds within both theinteraction of hadrons with nuclei and in the process of decay of the nucleus or its de-excitation atperipheral interactions. At different stages of interaction of impinging particle with targetnucleus, the different mechanisms of formation of proton-fragments: the direct knock-out ofintranuclear nucleons in the process of high energy cascade of an initial hadron, intranuclearcascade of produced particles, decay of the excited multi-nucleon fragments and of thethermalized remnant nucleus, and the coalescence of nuclear fragments to the new clusters arerealized with the certain probability, connected to the interaction parameters (the interactionenergy, the parameter of collision, the intranuclear density, the configuration of Fermimomentum of nucleons and clusters of target nucleus et al.). In its turn, the mechanisms offormation of the final nuclear fragments are closely related to the type of excitation of an initialnucleus. The peripheral interactions proceed at small transfers of the momentum of an impingingparticle and represent the wide class of reactions covering the processes from diffractive orcoulomb collective excitations of the whole nucleus to the direct quasi-elastic knock-out of theseparate nucleons. Non-peripheral interactions are caused by comparatively high local transfersof momentum to the intranuclear clusters allowing the development of intranuclear cascade andthe asymmetric redistribution of energy of an impinging particle. The central collisions causingthe full decay of nucleus on nucleons or few-nucleon fragments, are the limiting case of themaximal development of the intranuclear cascade. The interaction of the initial particles with themassive intranuclear systems, where the nucleons are located very close to each other (< 1 frn),may cause the appearance of the so-called "cumulative" nucleons, i.e. the nucleons with themomenta forbidden by kinematics of scattering of the particles on free nucleon. The reactions of



absorption of produced slow pions or resonances by few-nucleon systems can be one of thepossible mechanisms causing the formation of the relatively energetic nucleon-fragments. As aresult of these reactions, the "cumulative" protons can be produced provided that the energy ofthe absorbed pion or resonance is high enough.

The study of production of proton-fragments was carried out in iinC interactions at 4.5 and40 GeV/c, n12C interactions at 7 GeV/c, rfNe interactions at 25 and 50 GeV/c, p20Ne interactionsat 300 GeV/c, I6Op interactions at 3.25 A GeV/c. The limiting behavior of some characteristics ofproton-fragments was found out in these classes of interactions for the first time. Theindependence of the mean multiplicity of protons with momenta 0.2 - 1.2 GeV/c and of thedistributions on multiplicity from the energy of an impinging particle was established pointingout the dominating role of the processes of high energy cascade of the initial and secondaryparticles. The weak (or may be none) dependence of characteristics of proton-fragments from thetype of the impinging particle was found out. The dependence of the mean multiplicity from themass number has the power-like form A" with n close to 2/3, which is characteristic for thegeometrical approach.

In pNe interactions at 300 GeV/c and %'i2C interactions at 4.5 and 40 GeV/c, the presenceof the structure - the deviation of the differential cross section of protons flying back inlaboratory frame from the monotonous dependence in region Pp ~ 0.3-0.5 GeV/c in themomentum spectrum - was found out. It was shown that the observed singularity is due to thereactions of absorption of pions or meson resonances by the highly bound few nucleon systems.This phenomenon, showing up stronger at relatively small nuclei, is interpreted by the presenceof the short time correlations of intranuclear nucleons. The more detailed analysis of 16Opinteractions at 3.25 A GeV/c showed that the structure observed at energy spectrum of protons inthe range T ~ 70-90 MeV in the oxygen rest frame is due to the decay of two-nucleon (deuteron-like) system as a result of its absorption of the slow pion. The universal singularity was found outin the momentum spectrum of protons flying forward in the rest frame of fragmenting nucleus,expressed by an independence of mechanism of formation of these protons (excluding the"evaporated" protons) from the initial energy and the type of target-nucleus. The shape of themomentum spectrum of protons flying to the forward hemi-sphere in the rest frame offragmenting nucleus does not depend on degree of nucleus excitation, which characterizes theextent of the intranuclear cascade. The existence of strong correlation between the shape of themomentum spectrum of proton-fragments, especially the slow ones, and the degree of excitationof the fragmenting nucleus was shown.

UZ0603040

PRODUCTION AND RECOMBINATION OF GLUONS

Temiraliev A.T.Institute of Physics and Technology, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Nonlinear Markov process of parton production has been considered. The Kolmogorovequation is applied for the evolution equation based on the approximation of independent gluonsproduction in every decay act. We introduced a "crossing" parameter and used the combinationrelations to obtain nonlinear recombination equation for the evolution of gluon structure function.


q§? The Sixth Internationa! Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 MP-50

SOLUTION OF THE UNITARITY CONDITION OF AMPLITUDEOF ELASTIC AND INELASTIC SCATTERING AT HIGH ENERGIES

Ismatov E.I.1, Tshav K.V.2, Medeuova A.B.1, Ubaev J.K.1

'State Pedagogical Institute, Aktobe, Kazakhstan2State University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan

UZ0603041

Earlier we found the unitarity condition for the amplitude of elastic scattering at highenergies and obtained contribution of inelastic processes and phase of pure elastic scattering [1].It allowed description of the main features and behaviour of the differential elastic scatteringcross-section within a wide range of transferred momentum. This work shows that themomentum range can be expanded significantly by solving solution of the unitarity conditionunder the following approximations. The effect of corrections at t=0 is also discussed, and theaccount of the corrections -k2 causes qualitatively the same effect of the amplitude on thegeometric scaling hypothesis.

The unitarity condition of the target parameter presentation with the accuracy till the second

order on k'2 can be written as

where

<p0 = / - exp(2icc(p)) - Zg (p)l 2 (2)

] (4K2 ) ' " exp fc/o(p)) - Xg (p)/2M ( p \ n = 1,2 ( 3 )cpn = 2 (4K )exp fc/o(p)) Xg

At high energies (pi (p) and q>2 (p) may be substantial at solving the unitarity condition in therange of small values of the target parameter responsible for large angular scattering. Followingby Hankel presentation [2] for scattering amplitude, a strong (or weak) dependence of the spectralfunction on/? corresponds to a weak (or strong) dependence on /. The considered correction termsmay have a stronger dependence on the target distance, than the main term q>o (p) responsible forthe presentation of the target parameter (1) without the correction terms which are valid only atnot very small values of p, corresponding values of transferred pulses - t « s . We choosefunctions a (p) and x (p) as

2a(p) = -dexp(y(p)), %g(p)=2a exp (-

where d and a - phase shift and absorption parameters at p=0, but y (p) and p (p) - derivedfunction of target parameter square, showing that the correct description of the differential cross-section of elastic scattering is possible within the diffraction cone and the neighborhood at notvery large -t, when the zero approximation is allowed for solving the unitarity equation.

I l lSection I. Physics of Particles and Nuclei

<S*£> The Sixth International Conference "Modem Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'20M INP-50

Effect of the corrections ~k~2 was considered for the case of forward scattering (t=0) in theframework of geometric scaling hypothesis of the overlapping function so as to simplify theanalysis. According to the condition of unitarity, the function puts the limitation for the scatteringamplitude i(p(p,s). Given (1) - (3) we get

(4)

where R(s) -an effective radius of interaction. Parameterization of the solution of the unitaritycondition at zero approximation allows expressing with a sufficient accuracy

a(p,s)*a(p/R(s))lK, @)

which is valid P* in the interval of 3-100 GeV/s. Thus,ImF(S, t)/R 2 (s) = <P0(k

2t) + ®}(R 21)/K2R2 .

(6)

Having (4) and (6), we have

Aa(s) + BK~2 oin (s) = (2B+ln(s/s0 ))mbn a d(s)=(A-l)oin (s)+BK72.

Here A and B -dimensionless constants. The correction ~k"2 in the unitarity condition leadsqualitatively leads to the same effect as that of the real part of the amplitude. For illustrations wecalculated differential elastic pp- scattering at 19.2 GeV/s, and found the dependence of totalcross-section on the momentum P*

References:1. Arushanov G.G., Ismatov E.I. "Elastic and inelastic diffraction nuclear interaction, "FAN";

Tashkent, 1988, 281 p.2. Ismatov E.I., Djuraev Sh.Kh. ICNP-99, Almaty, p. 120-1273. Ismatov E.I., Kuterbekov K.A., Djuraev Sh.Kh et.al Proceedings of II Eurasian Conference,

Almaty, 2002, p.216-234.

UZ0603042

PRIMARY COSMIC RAYS NUCLEAR COMPOSITION ABOVE 10 PeV

Yuldashbaev T.S., Nuritdinov Kh.Physical-Technical Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Primary Cosmic Ray (PCR) Mass Composition analysis performed on the basis of PamirCollaboration X-Ray Emulsion Chambers (XREC) data. A number of selection criteria of gamma- families imitated by primary protons are considered.


%> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 ?y

For the PMC determination the method was proposed to compare the energy dependence ofthe registered events fraction, satisfied to the definite selection criteria, with models, simulated onthe different assumptions about PCR composition. As a result, it was shown that Pamirexperimental data are in agreement with assumption about "normal" PCR mass compositionslowly enriched by heavy nuclei at the energies above 1016eV.

To select the gamma-families mainly initiated by primary PA-interactions the following familycharacteristics were used:

£ i n = EEy /n i n , d = n y /n i n , R1E, %R=SEy/R t,

where E m - average energy of family, ny, nm number of observed and initial quanta, Rt=ERjn, R;nand RIE - distances of the initial quanta and quanta with the highest energy particle EIE on familycenter, respectively.

The families were subjected to the electromagnetic "decascading" procedure. Pair familyparticles satisfied the condition Z^<Z(f=\0 TeV mm, (where Zik=Riic(l/Ej+l/Ek)"1, Rik is a distancebetween the particles, Ej, E|<- their energies), were united into initial quantum. Thus the observedy-families are transformed in the initial families.

Pamir experimental data consisted of No = 807 families with observed energies 2Ey=100-2000 TeV, number of particles ny>4 and minimal energies Eymin >4 Tev, nin =6-70 selected withina circle of radius Ro=2O cm are analyzed.

Experimental data are compared with MCO Quark-Gluon String model that gives a gooddescription as accelerator data as Cosmic Ray results in energy region Eo<lO PeV [2]. The MCO- model was simulated at the assumption about "normal" (PCR) composition (28% P, 18% a,27% Fe) enriched by heavy nuclei with energy increasing at the energies above 1016eV.

In XREC experiment number of events N = Np + NA, consisting from Np (proton P) and NA(nucleus A) families is registered. After using above mentioned selecting criteria number ofselected events will be equal: Ncr = Ncr

P + NcrA , where Ncr

P and NcrA - number of P and A

selected families. The value of fraction P - families, registered by XREC at the Pamir mountainlevel, is obtained from correlation:

Ap = Acr(I-nA)AiP,where Acr = NC7 N, TJP = Ncr

P / N - selected P - family fraction (criterion "efficiency"), nA=NcrA /(Ncrp + NcrA) background A - families fraction between total selected events ("admixture"). Thecriterion parameters r|p and FIA is derived from MCO - model. According to [1] weak dependenceof these parameters on a wide set of models was obtained.

Fig.l presents the experimental dependence of the registered P - family fraction Ap on the

primary energy Eest by means of using selection criteria: d > 0,8d and %R > 0,4% R •

(Fig. la black and white points) and R I E < 0 , 9 ^ ] £ and Ejn>0,7 (E^).

( Fig.lb)crosses and triangles). As can see from fig.l at the energies Eest = 10-20 PeV the

experimental values A"p~ 70%. At the same time these values obtained at the energy Eest~70

PeV is essentially less and are of 30-40 %. At that P- family the fraction derived from MCO -model is Ap

mod = 50 % at the same energy.



1.0

0,8-

0,6-

0,4

0.2-

0,010

a)

20 50

1,0

0,8-

0,6-

0,4

0,2

E , PeVest.

-. 0,0100 10PeV

Fig.1.

20 50 100, PeV

Thus, the fraction of registered by XREC gamma - families, originating from primary PAinteraction, is ~ 70 - 80 % at the energies ~10 PeV and essentially decrease up to value Ap

exp :

30-40 % at the energy Eest~ 70 PeV.

References:1. Yuldashbaev T.S. et al, Nucl. Phys., B (Proc. Suppl.), 1999, 75 A, p. 153.2. Muchamedshin R. Proc. 24th ICRC, Roma, Vol. 1, 1995, p. 347.

UZ0603043

OBSERVATION OF THE HUGE NEUTRON BURSTS IN TIEN-SHANNEUTRON SUPERMONITOR IN THE CORES OF EXTENSIVE AIR

SHOWERS WITH ENERGY ABOVE 3 PeV

Shchepetov A.L.1, Antonova V.P.3, Chubenko A.P.1, Kryukov S.V.3,Nesterova N.M.1, Piscal V.V.2, Vildanova L.I.2

'Physical Institute, Moscow, Russia2Tien-Shan Mountain Scientific Station, Almaty, Kazakhstan

3Ionosphere Institute, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Investigations being carried out at the NM64 type neutron supermonitor [1] based on theshower installation of the Tien-Shan mountain station of the Lebedev Physical Institute, have ledto the discovery of an anomalous delay of the neutron signals in EAS cores [2]. The essence ofthis phenomenon consists of the following. The NM64 monitor (just as all other types of neutronmonitors) registers the evaporation neutrons from nuclear fission produced by high energyhadrons (with energies above 100 MeV) within the lead monitor's generator. Before detection,these evaporation neutrons, created with energies of a few MeV, are thermalized to the energiesabout 10" eV) diffusing inside the monitor. The diffusion process results in an exponential timedistribution of the neutron signals with a characteristic relaxation time of about 360^4-00 us. Sucha picture is reproduced with high accuracy when EAS with an energy below 3 PeV passesthrough the monitor. However, at energies above 3 PeV a small part of the showers (of about 2-


•§£? The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPMP'2006 IW-50

3% of the whole) has a prolonged shape of the intensity of neutron signals. The fraction of suchanomalous showers rapidly increases with increasing energy, and reaches about 20-30% at anEAS energy of about 10 PeV.

An attempt to explain this effect as a result of neutron signal losses in registration channels[3] leads to a contradiction with the existing models of EAS development in the atmosphere,because the hadron multiplicities, necessary for an explanation of the experimental timedistribution of the intensity of neutron signals, prove to be two to three orders of magnitudehigher than the values predicted by the models. It should be noted that the observed effect has athreshold character: it starts to become apparent in the energy region above 3 PeV, where acharacteristic knee in primary cosmic ray spectrum, of still unknown nature, is present.

In the same energy region, a wide range of unexplained phenomena are also observed inmountain and stratospheric cosmic ray experiments (for example, the "halo" events [4],"Centaurus" and "Anticentaurus" [5], the coplanar events in X-ray chambers [6]). Thus, the effectof prolongation of neutron intensity time distributions is representative of the whole series ofanomalous processes, which points to the necessity of a thorough investigation in the energyrange above 10 PeV.

References:1. Hatton C.J., Progress in Elem. Phys. Particl. and Cosmic Ray Phys., 10 (1971) 3.2. Antonova V.P., Chubenko A.P., Kryukov S. V. et al., J.Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys., 28 (2002)

251.3. Stenkin Yu.V., Bakatanov V.N., Smirnov D.V. et al., Study of Neutron Bursts with Baksan

Array., Proc. of 27th ICRC, vol.3, Hamburg, 2001, p.1449.4. Wilczynski H. for JACEE Collab., Nucl.Phys.B (Proc.Suppl.) 52 B (1997) 81.5. Borisov A.S., Guseva Z.M., Denisova V.G. et al., Nucl.Phys.B, (Proc.Suppl.), 52B (1997)

185.6. Jones L.W., Nucl.Phys.B,(Proc.Suppl.), 52 B (1997) 103.

UZ0603044

NUCLEAR-PHYSICAL DATA EDITING AND ANALYSIS

Abdurakhitnov A.U, Zaynobidinov.S.Z.State University, Andijan, Uzbekistan

At the modern stage of high energy physics development, investigation of multipleproduction processes of particles and nucleus-fragments and their automatical editing becomesone of the central problems of high energy physics (elementary-particles).

Enormous experimental information accumulated from various registering installation putglobal physical problems before physicists-experimenters. One of these problems -automaticediting and receiving of correct physical data and thereby to make scientific conclusions [l] .

In the article, some questions of automatic editing of experimental data are presented.Modern automatic systems of mathematical editing of data are complex programme,

consisting of various components, which are called in definite sequence [2].



The editing of experimental results on ECM is a complex process, connected with using oftens thousands of information storage devices (discs and cartridges) and other external memoryequipment. For processing of experimental data the programme system complexes are preparedand created. This system is used for study of hypernuclear and multiparticle processes in differentscientific research institutions of Commonwealth of Independent Countries and other countriesabroad [3].

At the present in Andijan State University some of processors and methodic systems areused by students of Physics Department in preparing graduation papers. In particular, thedependence of average number of fragments from energy of particles bombarding nucleus-targetwas investigated. The investigations made in the framework of different models of nuclei, showslow increase of the number of nuclei-fragments, depending of the energy of bombarding particle

W-In the further the similar systems for investigation and automation of rapid and superrapid

reactions, as well as processes in solid and fluid crystals will be created [5].

References:1. Abdurakhimov A.U. In.Proc. All-Union seminar on Automatiz Nucl.Phys.Protvino, 1986,p-

72-732. Abdurakhimov A.U. et al .Preprint JINR, Dubna,1992,p-10-92-1.3. Abdurakhimov A.U. et al. Inter.Scien.Conf ."History,Culture and the economy of South

Kyrgyzistan " Osh.2000.p-222-226.4. Abdurakhimov A.U. The Four.Int.Conf. "Modern problems of nuclear Physics" Tashkent, 25-

29 September, 2001,p-41,5. Zaynobidinov.S.Z. Teshaboyev A.T, Ermatov.Sh. "Solid State Physics" Tashkent, "Moliya",

2001

UZ0603045

L2)3 INTENSITY INTERNAL CONVERSION LINES FROM 161HoTRANSITION WITH Er = 148.16 keV

Egorov O.K.1, Islamov T.A.2, Kalinnikov V.G.3, Poluhina N.G.4,Solnyshkin A.A.3, Starkov N.I.4

1 Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia2National University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

3 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, RussiaPhysical Institute, Moscow, Russia

Intensity of internal conversion lines from I61Ho especially L-lines are not enough studied,.For example, map of internal conversion lines [1] present L-lines intensity only for transitionwith Ey = 148.16 keV. A multiplicity of the transition is E2 + Ml [1]. On the contrary, amultiplicity of that transition is E2, as it is presented in [2].

We measured an intensity of L2 and L3 lines, using PAVICOM-1 set-up of Lebedevphysical institute. Results of the measurements are presented in table 1.


<§^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006 I^pMPNP'2006 MP-50

Table 1. K, L-lines intensity from 161Ho for transition with EY= 148.16 keV

K, L-lines:

Intensity:

K

4.0*

L,

0.8*

u0.07

L3

0.05

*That intensity from [1], Our data normalized on intensity of Li.

As it is possible to see from table 1 more preferable to count, that transition is Ml.

References:1. A.A.Abdurazakov, A.Kh.Kholmatov, A.A.Tangabaev et al.// Map of internal A=131-172.

TauiKeHT, y36eKHCTaH, 1991

2. K.H. Kaun, L. Funke, P. Kemnitz, et al. WNucl. Phys. A 194. (1972). P. 177.

U20603046

COMPTON SCATTERING AT FINITE TEMPERATURE:THERMAL FIELD DYNAMICS APPROACH

Juraev F.I.Institute of Railway Transport Engineers, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Compton scattering is a classical problem of quantum electrodynamics and has been studiedin its early beginnings. Perturbation theory and Feynman diagram technique enablescomprehensive analysis of this problem on the basis of which famous Klein-Nishina formula isobtained [1, 2]. In this work this problem is extended to the case of finite temperature. Finite-temperature effects in Compton scattering is of practical importance for various processes inrelativistic thermal plasmas in astrophysics. Recently Compton effect have been explored usingclosed-time path formalism with temperature corrections estimated [3]. It was found that thethermal cross section can be larger than that for zero-temperature by several orders of magnitudefor the high temperature realistic in astrophysics [3]. In our work we use a main tool to accountfinite-temperature effects, a real-time finite-temperature quantum field theory, so-calledthermofield dynamics [4, 5]. Thermofield dynamics is a canonical formalism to explore field-theoretical processes at finite temperature. It consists of two steps, doubling of Fock space andBogolyubov transformations. Doubling leads to appearing additional degrees of freedom, calledtilded operators which together with usual field operators create so-called thermal doublet.Bogolyubov transformations make field operators temperature-dependent. Using this formalismwe treat Compton scattering at finite temperature via replacing in transition amplitude zero-temperature propagators by finite-temperature ones. As a result finite-temperature extension ofthe Klein-Nishina formula is obtained in which differential cross section is represented as a sumof zero-temperature cross section and finite-temperature correction. The obtained result could be


^p§!Q The Sixth Internationa] Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 _ m _ _ INP-5Q

useful in quantum electrodynamics of lasers and for relativistic thermal plasma processes inastrophysics where correct account of finite-temperature effects is important.

References:1. N.N. Bogolyubov, D. Shirkov, Introduction to the theory quantized fields, Moscow, Nauka,

1984.2. Akhiezer, Berestetskiy, Quantum electrodynamics, Moscow, Nauka, 1968.3. Hong-Hua Xu, Chao-Hui Xu, Phys. Rev. D Vol. 52, 6116 (1995).4. H. Umezawa, H. Matsumoto and M. Tachiki, Thermofield Dynamics (North-Holland.

Amsterdam, 1982).5. Y. Takahashi and H. Umezawa, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B Vol. 10, 1755 (1996).

UZ0603047

LOW ENERGY ELECTROMAGNETIC TRANSITIONSIN 167Yb NUCLEUS

Karahodzhaev A.K.National University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

At decay !67Lu (Ti,2=55min.) levels of rotational bands 167Yb are observed: l/2~[ 521 ], 5/2"[ 523 ], 3/2~[ 521 ], 5/2"[ 512 ], 5/2+ [642] and 7/2+ [633]. In the shells model an odd proton in167Lu and an odd neutron in 167Yb are accordingly in subshells \giri and 2f7/2- Spins of the basicstates are 167Lu (7/2+) and 167Yb (5/2").

We investigated low energy electromagnetic transitions between various rotational bandsand between levels belonging to the same rotational band. These gamma - transitions satisfyI Ki-Kf | < L condition. Such transitions are resolved and not delayed. At performance of thiscondition Clebsch-Gordan coefficient are different from zero.

It is known, that for the relation of electromagnetic transitions intensities inside andbetween rotation states Alaga rules are fulfilled. Performance of this rule specifies that wavefunctions of these levels have no presence of the other a component of rotational states.

Experimental data on properties of transitions are collected in the table. The data on energyEY, intensity IT and multipole aL gamma - transitions are received in [1]. In the table quantumcharacteristics of initial and final states of a nucleus are given, where I is a spin of a level and Kis a projection of the total angular moment onto the nucleus symmetry axis, of the multipole ofmixing parameter 82, relations intensity E2-components of gamma - quantum and rule Alaga.


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics"* September 19-22, 2006MPW2006

Table. Experimental data on transitions between levels of bands in a nucleus 167YbIiKi-»IfKf

9/25/2-^7/25/2^5/25/2

9/23/2^7/23/2->5/23/2

7/25/2-^9/25/2->7/25/2

11/23/2->9/23/2-»7/23/2

keV24.6328.88102.08180.34232.12332.3133.84235.90

Iy, y-un.

4.7(6)0.15(2)13.8(28)

10(3)5.3(13)4.5(12)105(15)23(3)

orL

M1+E2E2

M1+E2E2

M1+E2M1+E2M1+E2

E2

82

0.026(6)

0.029(20)

1.0(4)0.22(3)0.005(1).

T E 2 / T E 2

11.26(23)

126(5)

10.31(11)

144(8)

AL(aL)

10.73

1261

0.151

44

Gamma - transitions with energy 24.63 and 28.88 keV belong to a rotational band 5/2+

[642], 102.08 and 180.34 keV to 3/2"[ 521 ], 232.12 and 332.3 keV gamma - transitions betweenrotational bands 5/2~[ 512 ]. 5/2"[523], 133.84 and 235.90 keV transitions occur inside arotational band 3/2~[521].

The received results show that the Alaga rule is indeed fulfilled for E2-component of theelectromagnetic transition [2]. As one can see from the table the experimental relations gamma -quanta intensity within the limits of errors are close to theoretical values. Performance of a ruleintensity on' experience confirms conditions of adiabatic and correctness of quantum numbers ofthe excited states of a nucleus.

References:1. Vilov S. etc. JINR, R6-9369, Dubna, 1975.2. Karakhodjaev A.K.Uzb.fiz.zhurnal, 2004, Vol. 6, We 3, p.224.

UZ0603048

167,GAMMA - TRANSITIONS FROM J0/Yb 178.88 keV LEVEL

Karakhodjaev A.K.National University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

At disintegration of !67Lu (T]/2 =55 min) the rotational level 9/2 5/2 [ 523 ] with energy178.88 keV is formed. Spin of a level is 9/2". From this level the gamma - transitions withenergies of 100.22, 120.31, 144.97 and 178.87 keV can be observed. Quantum characteristics ofthe excited states, intensity of gamma - quanta, multipole gamma - transitions aA, relationsintensity gamma - quanta and Alaga rule AL(crA) are given in table 1. Multipole gamma -transitions were determined from the relation intensity subshells LI, L2, L3 of internalconversion electrons spectrum.


$Q The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 1NP-50

Table 1. Gamma - transitions in )67YbEY, keV

100,22178.87120.31144.97

2I2K[NnzA]initial

95 [523]95 [523]95 [523]95[523]

finish75 [523]55 [523]95 [642]75 [642]

Iy, y-unit

8.4(12)59.0(36)24.7(14)43(2)

CJL

E2E2ElEl

ExperimentIYl(aL)/IY2(aL)

17.0(11)

11.74(13)

AL(CJL)

16.01

2.15

From the table one can see that Alaga rule will well be coordinated to experimentalrelations intensity gamma - quanta. From here it is possible to conclude, that wave functions ofexcited states between, which there is a gamma - transitions, do not contain components of othersrotational states.

UZ0603049

SEPARABLE REPRESENTATION OF THE IMPROVED aN POTENTIAL

Khuiamqulova G.S., Nishonov M.M,Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Advantage of using the separable form potentials in few body calculations is obvious. Wepresent, here, the separable representation of the improved Sack-Biedenharn-Breitt (SBB) aNpotential which has in coordinate space the form

where

After conversion to momentum space the potential takes the form

with

7t3/2

PPVa

Q(p,p') =

where ia{— 2 ) - modified Bessel function. The parameters of the potential presented in the

following table:

g«g,(MeV)(3aQ,(fm"!)

Q=S,a=c-66.5800.6203

Q=S,a=c-46.3030.4221

Q=S,a=SL-12.1690.8032

Q=P,a=SL-15.9310.6282


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 WP-50

This potential contains exchange Majoran component in both central and spin-orbital termswhich follows from all microscopic considerations and brings to the so-called even-odd phaseshift splitting. Because of this the potential adequately describes the Pauli principle. Because ofstrong change of the form in even states the new potential describes the SV2 and Di/2S/2 phaseshifts better than old SBB potential which revealed in appreciable difference of the three-bodybound state energy values. In last it describes the P3n wave appreciably better.

To calculate the separable potential parameters the Bateman separable representationmethod was used. This method allows to take a separable potential in the following form

M

'.7=1

where (D'])o = V(st,Sj) and M- the rank of the separable potential. The results for Bateman

points obtained from numerical calculations are presented in the below table:

Partial wavesL=0, 3=1/2L=l,J=l/2L= 1,1=3/2L=2, J=3/2L=2, J=5/2

S], fm"1

00000

S2,fm"1

1.57901.33801.62402.16902.9040

S3,fm"'

2.84102.20802.68903.32204.4740

S4, fm"1

4.50104.74204.08504.03806.4560

The separable potential obtained approximates well the origin of local one and describescalculated values and experimental data for the Na scattering phase shifts very well.

One can use this separable potential for three-body calculations of light nuclei such as Heand 6Li in (a+N+N)- channel in the framework of Faddeev formalism. Such research is underway.

UZ0603050

A STOCHASTIC DESCRIPTION OF DEFORMED NUCLEI

Kanokov Z.1, Tursunmahatov K.2

National University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

In dynamic decay models of composite nuclei generated from the full fusion of heavy ionsthe emissions of the light particles and gamma quanta that competent to the decay and going withit are vital importance. In these models the decay process is considered as a straying of theimaginary Brownian particle in the space of collective variables. The most important physicaleffects are the fluctuation of these variables and energy dissipation. As a dynamical equations thestochastic classical Langevin type equations (LE) are used.

The aim of the present work is a development of the method for determination ofnonstationary friction and diffusion coefficients for the collective subsystem in case of arbitrary


<^> The S ixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006 RpMPNP'2006 _ INP-50

temperature and damping. These transport coefficients include the nonmarkovnian effects, too.As a reference point one uses the Langevin approximation that is widely applied for thedescription of fluctuation and dissipative effects in macroscopic systems as a reference point.

A microscopic collective Hamiltonian of global motion that evidently depends on therelative distance R, canonically conjugated momenta and internal variables has the followingform

H= - — Y —Mid^— +U(R) +ZVS ( R ) (b+s +os b s) +

kV G ) (b+ -a b ) + X© b+ bsG.) (b+

s -a, b s) + X©s b+

s bs

(s - state, that conjugate by time s; o"s - phase factor). Where b+s, bs - phonon operators that

describes inner excitation of the system. By using harmonic approximation for the description ofthe inner excitations, the systems of generalized nonlinear Langevin equations are obtained. Onbasis of obtained equations, the quantum fluctuation- dissipative relations are specified. It isshown that the motion equations for collective coordinates satisfies the fluctuation- dissipativerelations, which means that the obtained dissipative kerns for nonmarkovnian dynamic motionequations for the relative coordinates are correct.

UZ0603051

VARIATIONS OF GALACTIC COSMIC RAYS

Alimov T.A., Mahmudov B.M.State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

As it is known, the variation of galactic cosmic rays (CR) is caused by uneven distributionof the cosmic rays sources in the Galaxy, diffusion of particles from Galaxy, flashes supernova,generation of particles of closely disposed neutron stars and the possible explosions in the centerof the Galaxy.

That's why this class of variation is particularly interesting for the problem of the origin ofcosmic rays and for many questions of astrophysics.

The investigation of extra - solar anisotropy in the region of low moderate energies isessentially complicated because of the solar wind with freeze magnetic fields in the interplanetaryspace. Only at minimal solar activity, in the period of the quiet Sun, when the flux of scatteredparticles becomes larger or compared with the size of the region of modulation, one can estimatethe extra - solar anisotropy by measuring on the Earth.

In work [1], according to experimental data obtained from the neutron super monitor ofSamarkand State University, the daily variation of cosmic rays was analysed.

Samarkand complex neutron super monitor is sensitive to the primary cosmic rays from 7 tosome tens of GeV (with effective energy of about 15 GeV). The full neutron count rate is - 710thousands impulses per hour. It corresponds to calculation error of about 0,12% per hour whichis sufficient for investigation of daily variations of CR. The detailed description of thesupermonitor is given in [2].

The analysis of daily variations [1] showed that daily variation of cosmic rays has 3harmonics: 24-hour, 12-hour and 8-hour. The 12-hour harmonic of daily variations of CR is



assumably related with the of CR density gradient in perpendicular direction of plane of ecliptic,i.e. with anisotropy of galactic cosmic rays.

The daily variation of intensity of cosmjc rays in summer and winter, according to themeasurements of Samarkand supermonitor is given in Fig. 1. The daily effect changes sharply,i.e. the seasonal changes of daily effect of CR appear all along year, but summer changes ofmotion of intensity of galactic cosmic rays are very different from winter ones.

It is determined by many researches [2] that during a year not only amplitude, but also thephase of daily variations changes. The maximum of 24-hour harmonic comes to the afternoon.Thus, the experimental data shows that the seasonal change of daily motion of intensity ofneutron components of cosmic rays conforms to the laws and can be observed in Samarkand.

o,

0

0

wmte

Thq hours of

Fig.l.. The average daily changes of intensity ofneutron components of cosmic rays in winter and in

In general, the seasonal variations of daily effect can be caused by extra atmosphericreasons, for example, during a year, by the change of primary CR on border of an atmosphere. Itis known that the main part of cosmic radiation is generated and is kept in our Galaxy, that's whythe possibility of existence of stellar daily variation of CR is not excluded. It may be connectedwith uneven distribution of the sources of CR and diffusion of particles from the Galaxy whichcan bring to the certain predominant flow of particles in some direction i.e. to some anisotropy ofcosmic radiation and such anisotropy can be found measuring of the stellar - daily variation ofcosmic rays.

References:1. B.D. Abdurakhmanov, T.A. Alimov, N.S. Sirojev, B.M. Makhmudov. "Investigation of

variations of intensity of cosmic rays in the interval of frequencies (0,03-0,3)/(3hour)". Inbook: Magnetic fields of the Sun and helioseismology. Saint Petersburg. 1994, pp. 171-173.

2. L.I. Dorman. "Experimental and theoretical principles of astrophysics of cosmic rays". Publ.house "Science". M. 1975.


4§jJ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPiVP'2006 __ INP-50

ENERGY LEVELS OF COLLECTIVE STATES IN EVEN-EVEN NUCLEIWITH QUADRUPOLE AND OCTUPOLE DEFORMATIONS

Sharipov Sh., Nadirbekov M.S.'nstitute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The analytical expressions for energy levels, reduced probabilities of the E2-transitionsinside levels of positive and negative parities and the El-transitions between contrary parities ofdeformable axial-symmetrical even-even nuclei with quadrupole and octupole deformations forpotential energy of the surface vibrations

R fP" R B2

are obtained. Here a2 =—2—^—-\ —-— and B2,Bi~ mass parameters for quadrupole andB + B B + BB2 + B3 B2 + B3

octupole deformations, Vo and Oo - parameters of the potential energy.

The ratio energy of levels with positive parities of ground bands are determined by

parameter A+v, and with negative parities of octupole bands are determined by two parameters A*

and A~, where A* < A" is always fulfilled. The reduced probabilities of E2-transitions are

determined by parameters A* or A~, and El-transitions are determined by two parameters

A* ,A~, also El-transitions direct proportional to polarization electric dipole moment (PEDM)

Do and inversely proportional to inside quadrupole moment Qo.At theoretical calculations of the energy levels the quantum number of vibrations is not

integer number, but is a solution of the transcendental equation. At calculations of the reducedprobabilities of E2 and El-transitions it is an integer number. These calculations show, which ofthese theoretical model satisfactorily describes the energy levels, reduced probabilities of E2 andE1-transitions of deformable axial-symmetries even-even nuclei, including high spin states.

UZ0603053

NUCLEAR SPIN STATES AND QUANTUM LOGICAL OPERATIONS

Orlova T.A., Rasulov E.N.State Pedagogical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

To build a really functional quantum computer, researchers need to develop logicalcontrollers known as "gates" to control the state of q-bits.

In this work , equal quantum logical operations are examined with the emphasis on 1-, 2-,and 3-q-bit gates. I-q-bit quantum logical operations result in Boolean "NOT"; the "NOT" and

"•/"NOT" operations are described from the classical and quantum perspective. For the "NOT"

operation to be performed, there must be a means to switch the state of q-bits from <0> to <1>


<g$ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 P"?-?1

and vice versa. For this purpose either a light or radio pulse of a certain frequency can be used. Ifthe nucleus has the spin-down <0> state, the spin will absorb a portion of energy fromelectromagnetic current and switch into the spin-up <1> state, and the radio pulse will force it toswitch into <0> state. An operation thus described from purely classical perspective is clearlyunderstood. However, operations not analogous to the classical type may also be performed. Ifthe above mentioned radio pulses are only half the frequency required to cause a state switch inthe nuclear spin, the nuclear spin will enter the quantum superposition state of the ground state(I) and excited states (f). A recurring radio pulse will then result in an operation equivalent to

"NOT", for which reason the described operation is called "^/"NOT". Such an operation allowsfor the state of quantum superposition in quantum computing, which enables parallel processingof several numbers.

The work also treats the principles of 2-q-bit logical operations of the controlled "NOT"type (CNOT), 2-q-bit (SWAP), and the 3-q-bit "TAFFOLI" gate.

UZ0603054

ELASTIC DIFFRACTION INTERACTIONSOF HADRONS AT HIGH ENERGIES

Ismatov E.I.1, Tshav K.V.2, Zholdasova S.M.2, Juraev Sh.Kh.3,Ubaev J.K.1, Essaniazov Sh.P.3

1State Pedagogical Institute, Aktobe, Kazakhstan2 State University, Aktobe, Kazakhstan3State University, Termez, Uzbekistan

1. The diffraction theory of elastic and inelastic scattering of hadron-hadron and hadron-nucleus processes is developed. The description of experimental data on differential cross sectionof elastic scattering p p,~p p in wide range of transferred momentum is made in the frames of thedeveloped inelastic overlap function model. The investigation of nuclei elastic scattering at thelow, middle and high energies is carried out, that allowed to execute quantitative control ofefficiency or quantum-field and phenomenological theories and make critical analysis of theirutility. The principle of construction of realistic amplitudes of the elastic scattering is confirmedon the basic of the s- and t-channel approaches both conditions stationary of amplitudes. For awide range of models the comparative analysis of amplitude of inelastic scattering inrepresentation of impact parameter is executed. The expression for effective radius of interaction,effective trajectory Regge and slope of inelastic function of overlapping are analysed. Indiffraction approximation the satisfactory description of the data on hadrons interaction at theenergy of tens GeV with proton and deuterons is received. The features of spectra of fast particlesare analysed. The theory of collective variables S, T, P which characterize a deviation degree ofangular distribution of particles from spherical symmetry, the general formula for dispersion ofany density of obtained, the particles decays are investigated. [1-2]

2. The solution of Lippman-Schwinger equation investigated within the frameworks offrameworks of high -energy approximation satisfies the generalized Huygens principle used in


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006 SA~!'''

the diffraction theory nuclear processes. The diffraction emission is considered at the interactionof charged hadrons one with another and the nuclei. [3]

3. Study of elastic interactions of hadrons at high energies is of great interest due to the factthat the amplitude of this process is the simplest, and at the same time, it is a fundamental objectfor theoretical and experimental researches. Study of this process allows one to have aquantitative check of various theories and experimental researches. Study of this process allowsone to have a quantitative check of various theories and models, and to make a critical selection.By using of fundamental property of theory-unitarity condition of scattering matrix- elasticscattering can be connected with inelastic reaction. Based on S-channel unitarity conditionexpressing elastic amplitude via inelastic overlapping function, it is important to study the latter,as well as to describe the experimentally measured characteristics of hadron-nucleon interactionat high-energies and to have results prediction. By using experimental data on differential crosssection elastic scattering of hadrons at various energies and by theoretical information on ratio ofa real part and an imaginary part of scattering amplitude 5 (t) the t- dependence of inelastic andelastic overlapping functions is studied. Influence of a zigzag from differential cross-section ofelastic p pj~p) scattering on profile function and inelastic overlapping function to violation ofgeometric scaling was studied. In frames of scaling the general expressions for s- and t-dependences of inelastic and elastic overlapping function are derived. Comparison of thisfunction in three elastic scattering models was carried out. It was demonstrated that one wouldneed to assume that hadrons become blacker at central part in order to correctly describeexperimental angular distribution data. Dependence of differential cross-section on transfermomentum square for elastic hadron scattering at energies of ISR and SPS in the model ofinelastic overlapping function is studied [1-2]

References:1. E.I Jsmatov, K.A.Kuterbekov, Sh.Kh.Djuraev "Elastic and inelastic diffraction interactions of

the hadrons and nuclei at low, intermediate, and high energies", Almaty, 2002, 311 p.2. E.I.Ismatov, K.A.Kuterbekov, Sh.Kh.Djuraev, Z.F.Fazilov et.all.Prac.il Ec "Nuclear Science

and its Application" Volume 1,2002, Almaty, p. 216-235, p. 235-243.3. A.G.Sitenko, V.K.Tartakovsky, E.I.Ismatov, Kh.Sh.Shunkeev, Sh.Kh.Djuraev "Theory of the

nucleus and nuclear reactions" v.ILAktobe, 299 p.

UZ0603055

QUASIFISSION ROLE IN THE ANISOTROPY OF FRAGMENTANGULAR DISTRIBUTION OF 19F+208Pb REACTION

Muminov A.I.1, Nasirov A.K.1>2, Utamuratov R.K.1

'Heavy Ion Physics Department, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia

Role of quasifission was analyzed in the angular anisotropy of the fission-like reactionfragments in the framework of the model based on the conception of dinuclear system (DNS) andused to calculate the partial capture and complete fusion cross sections [1,2,3]. This model allows


^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006 ^ PMPNP'2006 BVP-50

us to calculate the entrance channel dynamics of the nuclei to be captured with differentorientation angles of their axes. We theoretically analyzed the experimental data for mean squarevalues < l2 > and the angular anisotropy A for the 19F+208Pb reaction which was studied in Ref.[4, 5]. The experimental studies of fission angular distributions in heavy ion reactions showdistinct deviation from the SSM theory. Our results of the reaction cross sections showed thepresence of quasifission process. Considering the quasifission as "fission" of the dinuclear systemfrom a non compact shape we estimated mean square values of the angular momentum andanisotropy of the angular distribution of reaction fragments. This was possible with the knownangular momentum distributions of complete fusion and quasifission calculated in our model.Comparison of the results with the experimental data shows that the fission data presented in Ref.[4, 5] are in good agreement with our fusion cross sections at energies near the barrier andcontain contributions of quasifission at higher energies. Our results of the mean square values ofthe angular momentum and anisotropy of the angular distributions of reaction fragments are ingood agreement with the experimental data if we include quasifission contributions. From a fit ofthe experimental data for fusion-fission cross section we found which part of quasifissionfragments is mixed with the fragments from the compound nucleus fission. So, we conclude thatthe main reason of the failure of the standard statistical model for the description of the angularanisotropy of the fission fragments at higher than Coulomb barrier is the presence of thequasifission contribution in the experimental data. This conclusion supports the statement of R.Back et al. [6] that the assumption of fusion (and formation of a truly equilibrated compoundnucleus) during the first step of reaction is not valid in the analysis of the experimental data offission fragments.

References:1. G. Fazio, G. Giardina, A. Lamberto, A.I. Muminov, A.K. Nasirov, F. Hanappe, L. Stuttge,

Eur. Phys. J. A22, 75, (2004).2. A.K. Nasirov, G. Giardina, A.I. Muminov, W. Scheid, U.T. Yakhshiev, Acta Physica

HungaricaA19 (2004) pp. 109-120.3. A.K. Nasirov, et al., Nucl. Phys. A759, 342 (2005).4. D.J. Hinde, A. C. Berriman, M. Dasgupta, J. R. Leigh, J. C. Mein, C. R. Morton, and J. O.

Newton, Phys. Rev. C60, 054602 (1999).5. H Zhang, Z. Liu, J. Xu, K. Xu, J. Lu and M. Ruan, Nucl.Phys A512, 531 (1990).6. B.B. Back, et al., Phys. Rev. C32, 195 (1985)

UZ0603056

SCATTERING OF PROTONS FROM 12C

Zazulin P.M., Burminskii V.P., Burtebayev N.T., Dzhazairov-Kakhramanov V.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty, Kazakhstan

The elastic scattering of protons from 12C has been experimentally studied in the energyrange 350 to 1050 keV using a recently constructed precision scattering chamber. Excitationfunctions have been measured at the centre-of-mass angles 90° and 160°, and angular


4& The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006 X$pMPNP'2006 INP-50

distributions have been measured at 350, 400, 457, 500, 550, 650, 750, 850, 950 and 1050 keV.These data have been parameterized in terms of nuclear scattering phase shifts and the phaseshifts have been analyzed. The 1/2+ state in 13N was observed at 422 keV. A set of parametershas been derived for a global optical potential from elastic p-12C scattering with present range ofenergy. The optical model predictions were tested with data from elastic scattering.

UZ0603057

<j>- MESON DECAYS IN THE CfflRAL MODEL

Nasriddinov K.R., Rajabov N.Z., Iskandarov N.E.State Pedagogical University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

In this paper the <j> -> K+K~,KlKs,K°K° decay channels of the ^-meson are studied inthe chiral model. It should be noted, that at present decay channels of the <j> -meson are notconsidered in chiral models and there are attempts to calculate only some radiative decays of thismeson [1]. Besides, this model was also employed by us to describe the <f> -» con decay of the <j>-meson [2].

These decay channels are proceed due to the strong interactions and described by the nextdiagrams

The strong interaction lagrangian of the <j> -meson with K~ and K+ mesons has a form

where, g = ^/l 2,8^ is the universal coupling constant.

The decay amplitude is defined as

where, s" {k) - is the polarization vector of the <j> -meson; kifl - and k2)J - are the momenta of

the £+and K~ mesons, respectively.

The decay probability of the <j> -» K+K~ decay is defined according to the following expression


< ^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006 t^pMPNP'2006 INP-SO

2

3 2m,

where, O = j • [mj - Am2K]2m^ is the phase space.

Therefore, finally, we obtained for the decay probability the following expression

1 2 ' 8 r - _ 2 _ , , 2 - , 2

96wAmi -Ami]2.

*

According to this expression we calculated the partial widths for all decay channels and haveobtained the following values:

/O0 = 48,12%

Br(<f> -> K°LK°S)= Br{</> -> K°K°) = 31 ,7%

Further, the obtained results for all decay channels are compared with the experimental data andthe chiral model status in describing <j> -meson decays, and possibilities taking into accounttemperature factores of the medium to the decay probabilities of particles in the framework ofthis model are discussed.

References:1. Marco E., et al., Phys. Lett. B 470,20 (1999).2. Nasriddinov K.R.,et al. LANL preprint hep-ph/0404076, 2004.3. Nasriddinov K.R.,et.al. NATO Science Series II. Springer. Netherlands. 2006. V.213, P.293-

301

UZ0603058

TO ANALYSIS OF EARTH MAGNETIC FIELD VARIATIONSAND THEIR CORRELATIONS WITH SEISMIC EVENTS

Khugaev A.V., Koblik Yu.N.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

From the observations it was established, that some correlations exist between earthquake

events and variations of the Earth Magnetic Field (EMF). The aim of the paper is to consider the

nonregular part of the EMF and to establish the value of the nonregular part of the EMF in any given

case and establish the distance length where these nonregularities can play an important role. The

next step of the consideration is devoted to the detail investigation of the correlation between these

nonregularities and seismic activity in the considering region. A given approach is a simple

extension of the method of investigation variations of Galactic Magnetic Field [1], which was

; 129Section I. Physics of Particles and Nuclei

^ > The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'1006 __

developed by us in the [2] for the similar problems arising at the determination of the EMFvariations on the Earth surface and its correlations with earthquake events in the considering region.

References:1. R.J. Rand and S.R. Kulcarni, ApJ, 343,1989, p.7602. Final Report of the Project P-10.38, " Development both research of a neutron technique and

equipment of forecasting of earthquakes", INP, Tashkent, 2005.

UZ0603059

NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS OF UNSTABLE DIRECTAND INVERSE DYNAMIC PROBLEMS

Rakhmonov T.T.1, Imomnazarov Kh.Kh.2, Koblik Yu.N.1

'institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics, Novosibirsk, Russia

Mathematical models of wave propagation theory give an instrument to determine thenumerical values of the propagation speed and absorption coefficients of elastic waves. The morerealistic and reliable is the mathematical model, the more accurate the determined are values ofpropagation speed and the absorption coefficient of elastic waves. At present the peculiarities ofelastic wave absorption in media that have been established by now and the simultaneousmanifestation of multiple electroseismic effects are not consistent with the simplest models. Inthe process of propagation, seismic waves dissipate, which is associated with energy absorption.In applied objective including earthquake prediction [1], mathematical apparatus of direct andinverse dynamic problems for equation's system is often used, and reflects condition of spreadingthose waves [2-3].

We obtain a solution to the linearized system of equations for the entire homogeneous spacein the frequency domain in the case when wave processes are caused by a point source of theconcentrated force type. To determine the seismic moment tensor, we use, in contrast to [3], apart of the components of the displacement vectors P -longitudinal and S- transverse wavesmeasured only at one point source of the concentrated force type. The noise stability of thesolutions to the inverse problems considered is investigated numerically with the use of themethod of critical components.

References:1. Final report of the Project FI-10.38, "Elaboration and research of neutron method and

apparatus of earthquake prediction", INP, Tashkent, 2005 (in Russian).2. Imomnazarov Kh.Kh. Some remarks on the Biot system of equations // Dokl. Ross. Akad.

Nauk. - 2000, Vol. 373, Jfe.4, pp. 536-537 (in Russian).3. Erokhin G.N., Bortnikov P.B. Inverse problem of determining seismic moment tensor //

Geologiya i Geofizika. - 1987, Jfe 9, pp. 115-123 (in Russian).



SOLUTION OF BBGKY'S CHAIN OF KINETIC EQUATIONSTHROUGH THE WIEGNER EQUATION

Rasulova M.Yu.1, Hassan T.2 UZ0603060'institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

2International Islamic University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

In the present paper the chain of kinetic equations for quantum correlation "functions"(q.c.f)- the analog classical correlation functions (c.c.f) is obtained for description of thedynamics of quantum system particles, interacting through pair potential, based on BBGKYchain of quantum kinetic equations.

The method of solution of this chain of equations for q.c.f. in the form of series issuggested. The solution of chain of equations for q.c.f. is reduced to solution of homogeneousand non homogeneous Wigner equations. It is shown, that in Oth term the solution of quantumkinetic equation for one particle q.c.f. reduces to the solution of the Wigner equation - analog ofclassical Vlasov equation. The solution of the Wigner equation is defined through soliton solutionof nonlinear Schroedinger equation. The definition of all other terms of the series, which issolution of quantum kinetic equations for q.c.f., through this soliton solution has been shown.

The structure of first two quantum kinetic equations for q.c.f. is coincidence with knownkinetic equations for classical correlation functions, used in the plasma physics. This givespossibility to generalization of the classical results to quantum case.

UZ0603061

SINGULARITIES OF PRODUCTION OF THE LIGHT FRAGMENTSWITH A=2 AND 3 IN 16Op-INTERACTIONS AT 3.25 A GeV/s

Olimov K.\ Lutpullaev S.L.1, Olimov Kh.K.1, Petrov V.L1, Yuldashev A.A.1,Yuldashev B.S.2, Usarov A. A.1

1 Physical-Technical Institute of SPA "Physics-Sun ", Tashkent, Uzbekistan2 Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The process of formation of the secondary nuclei is influenced by the complexsuperposition of several mechanisms of interactions of the proton with 16O nucleons and theproduction of the quasi-free few-nucleon associations, since its details are connected to theisotope singularities of fragments, the final state interactions, and finally, the non-direct, but thecascade character of the fragment origination.

The investigation of formation of the light fragments (p, d, t, 3He2, and 4He2) at nucleusfragmentation allows one to obtain the more detailed information on mechanisms of productionof the final products of reaction, rather than the heavier fragments (A>5), due to the followingreasons. Firstly, the cross section of formation of light fragments is comparable to that of the totalinelastic interactions of the considered reaction. Secondly, these particles can be produced both inthe initial stage of hadron-nucleus collisions and in the final stage of interactions. Contrary tothat, the heavier fragments may "forget" their origination, being formed at peripheral or non-


$$? The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'20M 1NP-50

peripheral interactions of colliding nuclei, and do not contain the useful information on dynamicsof the initial act of the interaction.

The present work contains the intermediate results on investigations of processes of theoxygen fragmentation in interactions with protons at 3.25 A GeV/s and is devoted to the study ofinclusive cross sections of formation of 3Hi, 3He2, and 4He2 nuclei at different topologicalchannels of the initial nucleus decay and identification of mechanisms of production of the few-nucleon nuclei based on the experimental material consisting of 13759 measured 16Op-events.

The momentum spectra of the formed deuterons were investigated, and their multiplicitiesand inclusive cross sections determined. It is shown, that in formation of the deuterons flyingback, the main contribution comes from the "evaporation" process and the Fermi-break-upmechanism. In formation of the deuterons flying forward, besides the above mentionedmechanisms, the mechanisms of coalescence of cascade nucleons, the decays of the relatively fastexcited light fragments, and the direct knock-out of the deuterons from the oxygen nucleus can bethe reasons for the hardness of the process and for formation of the irregularities at theirmomentum spectrum. The mechanism of capturing one of the neutrons of the oxygen nucleus bythe leading proton is also possible.

The momentum spectra of the formed 3H], and 3He2 nuclei were investigated, and theirmultiplicities and inclusive cross sections determined. The correlations of multiplicities of thefragments and Tt-mesons with formation of the few-nucleon isotopes were investigated. Thedifference in mechanisms of formation of 4He2, and few-nucleon nuclei 3H], and 3He2 wasestablished, that is, the formation of 3H]5 and 3He2 nuclei proceeds at conditions of highexcitations of the oxygen nucleus. It was shown that the process of coalescence of the cascadenucleons, knocked out quasi-elastically from the oxygen nucleus, is the main mechanism offormation of the fast fragments with A=3, whereas for the slow fragments the mechanisms of theFermi-break-up of the excited oxygen nucleus and the knocking-out one of the nucleons of an a-cluster of the initial nucleus are responsible for their production.

UZ0603062

PRODUCTION OF CUMULATIVE PROTONS IN HADRON- ANDNUCLEUS-NUCLEUS INTERACTIONS AT HIGH ENERGIES

Olimov K.1, Olimov Kh.K.1, Petrov V.I.1, Olimov A.K.1, Lutpullaev S.L.1,Bekmirzaev R.N.2, Sattarov A.R.1, Yuldashev B.S.3

1 Physical-Technical Institute of SPA "Physics-Sun ", Tashkent, Uzbekistan2State Pedagogical University, Djizakh, Uzbekistan3 Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The present report is devoted to the investigation of the singularities of formation of thecumulative protons in interactions of ri~ mesons, protons, 4He2, and 12C nuclei with carbon nucleiat high energies. The interest to the study of formation of the particles in the kinematicallyforbidden region, called as the cumulative particles, is caused by the principal possibility toinvestigate the properties of the nuclear matter at ultra-short distances to detect the quark degreesof freedom, which is extremely important for the progress in the hadron physics.



The experimental data analyzed here were obtained in conditions of 4 % -geometry with theuse of 2-m propane bubble chamber of the laboratory of high energies of JINR (Dubna),irradiated by %~ -mesons having the momentum 40 GeV/c at Serpukhov accelerator U-70, andirradiated by protons, 4He2 and 12C nuclei with the momentum 4.2 A GeV/c at DubnaSynchrophasotron. The methodological questions, connected with the analysis of stereo-photos,determination of the kinematical characteristics of the secondary particles and their identification,and inclusions of corrections due to the loss of protons ejected at high angle relative to the planeof the photo-shooting, are described in [1-4]. The separation of protons (of target) and 7t+ -mesons was done visually by their ionization in the region p<0.8 GeV/c. The total experimentalstatistics is 67073 events, which is the quite high number for the bubble chamber experiments.The protons with the cumulative parameter [3>1.2, where p=(E-P*cose)/mn ( E - total energy, P -total momentum, 0 - ejection angle of the proton, mn - nucleon (proton) mass), and having themomentum P>0.2 GeV/c (i.e. excluding the «evaporation» protons) were considered as thecumulative ones.

As an example, the distributions of the protons on the cumulative number P in the regionp>1.2 in CC and TCC - interactions at 4.2 A GeV/c and 40 GeV/c, respectively, are given infigure. There the results of approximation of the experimental data by the expression fifi) —aexp(-bfi) (1) are shown by the straight lines.

1000 c-

I2a

<<.o

Ii

100

10 r

1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 1,9

PFig. The distribution of the cumulative protons on the cumulative number ft (in the region fi> 1.2) in CC and %~C- interactions at 4.2 A GeV/c (o) and 40 GeV/c (•), respectively. Thestraight lines - the results of approximation of the experimental data by the expression (1)

The results of approximation of all the experimental data on the cumulative number /?according to the expression (1) are given in table. It is seen from table that the values of the slopeparameter b coincide within statistical uncertainties for all types of the considered interactionsand initial energies. The value of b averaged over all ensembles is 8.1 ± 0.1. It is interesting tomention that not only the invariant inclusive cross sections of production of the cumulativeprotons on the cumulative number, but also the distributions of protons on the same number, havethe exponential character.


The Sixth Internationa) Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006

Table. The slope parameters according to the parameterization (1) and the mean number of thecumulative and non-cumulative protons for the events with production of the cumulative proton

The type ofinteraction,P0(GeV/c)if C, 40.0pC,4.2pC, 9.9

4HeC, 4.2 ACC, 4.2 A

The slopeparameter, b

8.18 ±0.268.09 ± 0.498.10 ±0.258.00 ± 0.288.14 ±0.20

X2/deg. offreed.

1.11.00.91.20.4

The mean number ofnon-cumulative

protons1.23 ±0.032.03 ± 0.061.90 ±0.032.43 ± 0.052.61 ±0.04

The mean numberof the cumulative

protons1.06 ±0.031.04 ±0.031.06 ±0.031.06 ±0.051.05 ±0.04

The mean multiplicities of the cumulative and non-cumulative protons in the momentumregion 0.2 < P <0.8 GeV/c for the events with formation of the cumulative proton are alsopresented in table. It is seen that the mean multiplicities of non-cumulative protons depend on thetype of projectile, whereas the multiplicities of the cumulative protons depend neither on the typeof projectile nor on the initial energy, within statistical uncertainties, and have the average value1.05 ±0.02.

Such a behavior of the characteristics of the cumulative protons was predicted by the theorylong ago [5], according to which, upon an increase by the momenta of the constituent quarks ofthe confinement threshold (0.3-0.5 GeV/c), the quark degrees of freedom of the colliding objectsstart to manifest themselves. Above this threshold, the universality of the behavior of the spectraof the cumulative particles, which can be characterized as "the nuclear scaling", is observed. Thatis, the slopes of the energy spectra of the cumulative particles do not depend on the initial energy,the type of projectile, and the mass number of the target.

Based on the presented results, one can say about observation of the local properties of thenuclear matter - the scaling invariance in the cumulative processes.

References:1. A.U. Abdurahimov et al., Preprint JINR, Pl-6277, Dubna (1972).2. G.N. Agakishiev et al., Preprint JINR, PI-83-327, Dubna (1983).3. I.A. Ivanovskaya, Preprint JINR, PI-91-264, Dubna (1991).4. A.I. Bondarenko et al., Preprint JINR, PI-98-292, Dubna (1998).5. A.M. Baldin, The short reports on physics of USSR AS, 35 (1971).

UZ0603063

ELECTRON SCATTERING STUDIES BY MEANSOF VARIOUS NUCLEAR MODELS

Essaniyazov Sh.1, Juraev Sh.1, Ismatov E.I.2

State University, Termez, Uzbekistan2State Pedagogical Institute, Aktobe, Kazakhstan

Let us consider a general case of various interaction processes of electrons with nuclei. Thestudy of the scattering o electrons of nuclei is the source of information on the structure of nuclei.At collision of fast electrons with nuclei, both elastic and inelastic scattering can be observed.


^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 nyp-50

Elastic scattering gives information on the sizes of nuclei, whereas the electrons inelasticscattering processes give important information on the dynamical properties of nuclei.In the first case, the characteristics of excited states, energy levels, their widths and others, and inthe second case, momentum distribution of nucleons and other particles in nuclei are studied.Let us denote the momentum and the energy of the incident electron before and after thescattering as k and e, and F and e\ respectively. The angle between the vectors k and F isdenoted as 8. The scattering process is characterized by three parameters: k, k" and 6. However, itis convenient to introduce three other parameters instead of the indicated above. They are: energyco = s - e"and momentum q = k-k\ transferred by electron at scattering, and the scattering angle6. It is worth of mentioning the two reasons why the study of electron scattering is very effectivetool to study the nuclear structure. First of all, the character of electron interaction with nucleus isa well-known electromagnetic interaction of electron with current and charge in nucleus.

fe2]Secondly, this interaction is relatively weak — « 1 , and therefore, the scattering processes is

\hc)not accompanied by significant distortion of the nuclear characteristics. In other cases, thescattering mechanism and structure effects caused by the changes in the state of nuclei are wellseparated compared to the strongly interacting particles (for example, nucleons) with nuclei.Electron scattering cross-section can be directly expressed via charge and current densities matrixelements in the nucleus, which reflect the changes of structure of nucleus. These conditions arealso valid for photonuclear processes in which real photon take part. The advantage of electronscattering for nuclear structure studies is represented by the following fact, that on the contraryfrom the photons for which at some definite energy transfer co the strictly determined momentumtransfer q2 = co2 is possible (since the photon mass is zero). In case of electrons, at fixed energytransfer co various momentum transfer are possible. Therefore, at electron scattering study onecan establish the dependence of the matrix elements of q, which are the Fourier-representations ofthe charge and current densities. Thus, it is possible to determine directly the spatial distributionof charge and current in nucleus. The inelastic scattering is accompanied by transition of nucleusinto the excited state in the region of the discrete spectrum (co>0). The study of the scatteredelectrons energy spectrum directly allows separation of the excited energy levels.The study of the inelastic electrons scattering gives opportunity to establish possible applicationof various nuclear models.

Quasi-elastic scattering. A wide maximum in the energy spectrum of the scattered electronscorresponds to the direct collisions of the electron with particular nucleons in nucleus.

References:1. A.G. Sitenko Scattering of electrons with nuclei and the structure of nuclei. Structure of

nucleus. - Tashkent: FAN. 1969. -P.91-1322. A.I. Akhiezer, A.G. Sitenko, V.K. Tartakovsky. Electrodynamics of nuclei. - K.: Naukova

Dunka. 1989.-p.4323. E.I. Ismatov, Sh. Kh. Juraev, K.A. Kuterbekov Elastic and inelastic diffraction interactions of

hadrons and nuclei at low, intermediate and high energies. - Almaty:2002. p.311


4§£> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 INP-50

UZ0603064"EFFECTIVE" RAPIDITY STOPPING

IN Au+Em INTERACTIONS AT 10.6 AGeV

Abdurakhmanov U.U., Navotny V.S., Zhokhova S.I.Physical -Technical Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The class of events with "effective" rapidity stopping in which the shower particles rapiditydistribution has pronounced narrow peak in the middle of central region caused by the presenceof non-stochastic (coherent) dynamic in particles production process was found in Au+Eminteractions at 10.6 AGev. There is no enmarkness in the rapidity of dense groups position instochastic processes whereas particles must group in certain rapidities in non-stochasticprocesses. The method of events choice was the following.For each event the ordered rapidities of shower particles were scanned with a fixed narrowrapidity window (bin) across the rapidity region 0<rj<4 of the event and the groups with nc

number particles (spikes), that hit in the window 5r\=0.1, were determined. The approximationr\--lntan(B/2) was used as a measure of real rapidity, where 8 is a polar angle of a secondarycharged particle emission with respect to the projectile direction. Distribution of the rapidity

1 ^Vo - IJli

centers c 1=I of spikes with nc>18 in the 8r\=0.1 shows (fig. 1) their anomalous highnumber in the middle of the central rapidity region (Jrjo =2.2+2.3) exceeding the independentparticles emission model by 7 standard deviations.

140-

120-

100-

8 0 -

6 0 -

4 0 -

2 0 -

0 -

n

• 1 * 1

Fig.l. Spike-centerjapiditydistribution for nc>18number of particles indr]=0.1. Solid line is an •experiment. The dash lineis the model ofindependent particleemission.

The sample of events that have spikes with the number of particles nc>18 in Sn=0.1 wasdisintegrated into two ensembles:

I. The events with "effective" rapidity stopping in the middle of central rapidity region,i.e. the events that have nc>18 particles spikes in Sn-0.1 with the centers in the regionAr}o=2.2-^2.3. The contribution of this events into non-elastic cross section is 1.8% .

II. The events, in which the centers of nc>18 particles spikes in 8rj=0.1 don't hit regionAt}o=2.2-Jr2.3. The contribution of these events into non-elastic cross section ofAu+Em interactions at 10.6 AGev is 3.1%.


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 DW-50

Fig.2. Rapidity distribution of singly charged particles with p>0.7 in ensembles I (solidline) and II (dash line) of the events.

In the ensemble I of events rapidity distribution of singly charged particles with f}>0.7 haspronounced narrow peak in the middle of central region (fig.2). The distribution is asymmetricaround the peak value {Arj=2.2^-2.3). The asymmetry is partly caused by non-interacting protons(spectator protons), emitted from the Au nuclei. To study the contribution from non-interactingprotons we have disentangled the rapidity distributions into two distributions one dominated byspectator protons and one by produced mesons and participant protons. In table 1 we show theresults of simultaneous fit of two Gaussians to rapidity distribution in ensembles I and II ofevents. All fitted values as well as the integrated contents of each Gaussian distribution

« , = v W r , * 2 = V W r are shown, where tf"\ <\ *""" and ^ , *2, PT is thepeak position, width and the height of gauss distributions of production particles and spectator

protons, respectively. In the fitting procedure °*2 and ^2 were held constant at °"2 ~ and/72

max=4.8

Table 1Ensemble

III

nr2.272.28

«i0.931.06

P\126.8105.7

* i

296.5280.7

r,r4.84.8

02

0.670.67

PT7.78.3

« 2

12.914.0

From comparison of the experimental rapidity distribution of shower particles with Gaussian fit itwas found that the exceeding of the experimental density in the region (Arj=2.2-^2.3) in ensembleI of events caused by non-stochastic processes is Ap = 36 ± 9.In average, the events in ensemble I are more central than those in ensemble II. In ensemble I ofevents the average number of projectile participant protons <npan(cj>=64.6 is higher than<npart(C)>=59 in ensemble II of events.



CONTINUOUS CONFINEMENT OF ENERGY

Kolesnik V.G., Yuldashev B.S., Urusova E.V., Ulugmurodov S.E.,Basova E.S., Trofimova T.P.


The objective of experiments performed with specially designed facilities at Institute ofnuclear physics was to explain mechanisms of EM energy pumping into oscillating systems to thevalue of binding energy of nucleon in nucleus under resonance conditions and the confinement ofthe energy of produced systems. Interactions of rotating electromagnetic waves with a bunch ofcharged particles were initiated in the potential electrostatic field under parametric resonance. Asshown in our experiments, in the system "EM wave-charged particles bunch" there appeared astable self-consistent resonant state of energy, which was called as magnetic V dipole (MVD).When held in energy balance, this system was intentionally pumped by energy to enhancing theintensity of EM waves and the volume charge density.

Fig.L Formation of MVD at 8 kV. Fig.2. Layout of MVD formation.

Fig.l shows the photo of clockwise-rotating MVD taken from the direction of the anode.

The white boundary circle is the cathode. In our experiments, MVD rotated both like right-and left-hand screw as well as it happened to change the direction of its rotation during its life.According to calculations and current measurements (the current in the external circuit is ~ 1MA, observed volume of luminous point is ~ lmm3) the magnetic field in points 1-10 attains thevalue of ~R107 Oe. Ions first follow a parabolic line - a part of Larmor spiral turn along whichEM wave travels, and then gather into a ball. Fig.2 shows three bright parabolic parallel lines"coming out" of point 9; between two of them there is one more, less bright one. A straight brightline turning about 90 deg and joining the four parallel curves leaves point 10; in point 2 the linemakes a loop, then breaks and connects with the cathode. This line is produced by a wave havinga higher frequency and energy. It is confirmed by its high brightness, straight exit from MVD andquick break. Loops in break points 2, 2' and twist point 2" can be considered as the centers ofvortices due to inhomogeneity of EM field. Line 5 travels parallel to the above four lines and cutsoff at point 2. The four lines go farther but on reaching some inhomogeneity of the field, they goit round and make one turbulent turn. Leaving the turn the lines-waves remain parallel to eachother.

The system cannot exist without current feedback so the internal oscillatory circuit must beclosed. This connection from the center (points 9,10) to the cathode (points 1,2,2') is provided by


Vg? The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2flO6 INP-50

the lines-waves propagating counterclockwise in a parabolic spiral. Their frequencies lie in high-frequency range; calculations and measurements on the horn detector R2-78 give ~ 106- 1015 Hz.The brighter and straighter line, the higher is its frequency and wave energy. Trajectories-orbitsand their brightness seem to originate in the center and manifest themselves in the space betweenthe anode and the cathode.

Since MVD process becomes stable, the confining field (magneto-gravitation) gets quasi-constant. Such state is due to a continuous transformation of energy components of unitedelectro-gravy-magnetic field, which has a general energy reserve, according to the followingscheme: electric -^ magnetic -> gravitational.

A series of experiments on obtaining stable long-living state "wave - particle bunch" wasmade. A bunch of charge particles - a ball with a bright point rotating in the form a comma wasfound. Its formation accompanying with a loud roar was taken with digital camera. The exposuretime (1/8000 sec) was chosen to register processes corresponding to RLC circuit frequency (8kHz). In the presence of MVD the current in the active load Ri=0.30 ohm reached 0.9 MA. Withincreased capacity as high as 30 kJ the current in the MVD external circuit was 10 MA, themagnetic field - 107 Oe. The current and the magnetic field were continually held. The magneticfield was registered by inductive detectors and estimated by the current measured in the externalinertial system of RLC circuit. The magnetic field in MVD reached 108 Oe.

Reference:1. Kolesnik V.G., Urusova E.V. et al; "The way of obtaining nuclear energy"// Patent application

RU#IAP 20050358 from 12.10.05.

UZ0603066

ON AGING OF THE CSP AND CSX COUNTERS

Artikov A . u

1 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia2 State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

The CDF muon scintillator counter system consists of 4 main subsystems:• Central Muon Scintillators (Top and Bottom CSP, North Wall and South Wall CSP);• Central Scintillator Extension (CSX);• Barrel Scintillator Upgrade (BSU);• Toroid Scintillator Upgrade (TSU).

All Top and Bottom CSP and all BSU counters, which were newly constructed at JINR(Dubna) for Run 2, using polystyrene scintillator plates manufactured at Kharkiv seem to beperforming as expected. However, one of these subsystems is still equipped with "old" counters,which were used in the CDF Run 1. Amongst these are the CSP wall (North and South walls)counters which were found to suffer from premature aging and were refurbished during the CDFupgrade. These scintillators are 320 cm long. The 180 cm long CSX (270 counters) counters wereconstructed from the same material (NE112) and therefore suffer from the same premature agingproblems. New plateau voltages were determined for all of them but it was noted that, on the


<!§£> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2000 _ 1NP-50

basis of projections of the observed rate of degradation, they were expected to become inefficientat the end of 2005.

Measurements of parameters of the CSX and Wall CSP counters were performed usingcosmic muons, which were selected by a trigger telescope. The coincidence of these scintillatorswas used to trigger the data acquisition (DAQ) and to start the ADCs, which registered pulsesfrom the counter outputs.

The photomultipliers (PMT) were calibrated by illuminating them with weak light pulsesfrom a fast blue LED ("MICHIA" NSPB310A). This procedure allows a calibration constant k (inchannels/photoelectron) to be extracted for each PMT and ADC combination. On the basis of thiscalibration, the number of photoelectrons npe, emitted by the photocathode for cosmic muonstraversing the counters normally, was measured for all counters.

Measurements of a sample 24 wall counters were made in September-October, 2003 haveshown that the average number of photoelectrons from the far end of these scintillation bars is ~6and that the average efficiency of this sample «97%. The ratio of the average responses(N1999/N2003=l 5.3/5.9*2.60) and it corresponds to a degradation rate of ~19%/year. On thebasis of this new estimate of the rate of degradation, the average light output from the far end ofthe CSP counters is expected to be ~5ph.e./MIP by the end of 2004. Assuming Poisson statisticsand discriminator thresholds corresponding to 1 ph.e., this corresponds to an efficiency of 98%.

The responses of the CSX counters were also sampled during the same period. A total of 16CSX counters was removed from the arches and tested on the bench following the sameprocedure as was used for the CSP counters and described above. The average number ofph.eJMIP is 8.1 which means that the average counter efficiency is «99%. On the basis of themean of measurements reported in table 2. (8 ph.e./MIP) and of the average measured in 1998(12 ph.e./MP), we expect a deterioration rate of ~ 8%/year. On the basis of this estimate onwould therefore expect the average light output from the far end of the CSX counters to be -7.5ph.e. by the end of 2004, corresponding to an average efficiency of 99%.

UZ0603067

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF NEW MUONSCINTILLATION COUNTERS FOR CDF II

Artikov A.1'21 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia

2State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

The importance of muons detection at CDF and of measuring their momentum accurately isimportant. Muons are produced large branching fractions from the decay of the top quark and ofbeauty-flavored hadrons. Detailed studies of production and decay properties of the top quark areplanned and can be best performed in the muon decay channels. An extended beauty physicsprogram, ranging from relatively simple lifetime studies to the study of subtle CP-violationeffects can be performed on a muon event sample. A search for the light Higgs boson, that isexpected to decay predominantly into b-quark pairs, can be made in the muon b-decay channel.Finally, muons are expected to appear as products of the decay chain in most SUSY processes.


<^> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 . PVP-SQ

A considerable effort was therefore made in the CDF upgrade to increase the muonacceptance. As a result, the refurbished CDF detector has started a new run (Run 2) in March2001, covering up to pseudorapidity values r\ of ±1.5.

The complex and compact CDF geometry has required the construction and installation of alarge set of counter hodoscopes employing a total of about 1200 plastic scintillators with differentdimensions and light collection assemblies. Part of those (more than 600 counters) constructedfor the CDF upgrade was designed to overcome the space restrictions and to improve on lightcollection from long counters.

This paper describes the design and performance of these new counters, which distinguishthemselves by their unconventional and compact light collection system.

A novel technique for light collecting from large area scintillation counters has beendeveloped and successfully applied to the construction of more than 600 counters ranging from160 to 320 cm in length, to be used for the CDF experiment muon upgrade. The technique isbased on a wavelength shifter fiber to extract the light from the longer side of the scintillator bar,thereby reducing the path length of the light in the bulk material and consequently the importanceof good light transmission in the counter. Performance of long bars is therefore less dependent onthe scintillator transmission properties and less susceptible to its deterioration as compared toconventional light guides.

Another important feature of this technique is the reduced cross-section of the fiber bundle,which allows using smaller area phototubes. The elimination of lucite light guides and of largephotomultipliers results in a much more compact design for which the ratio of sensitive to totalarea is close to one. The reduced sensitivity of small photomultipliers to magnetic fields can alsobe an important advantage.

The results of quality control tests performed at JINR show that the average light outputranges between 21 ph.e./MIP (for the longest counters) and 28 ph.e./MIP (for the shortest ones)for muons traversing the counters transversely at the furthest ends from the photomultipliers. Theobtained light collection efficiency is more than adequate for a 100% detection efficiency overthe entire counter area. Allowing for a typical deterioration rate of 5-10% per year, full efficiencyshould be retained more than 10 years and it will be over than useful lifetime of CDF.

UZ0603068

"MINISKIRT" COUNTER ARRAY AT CDF II

Artikov A . u

'joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia2 State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

Muon detection is fundamental for the most of the interesting analyses at CDF. At thecourse of Run II, the collaboration expects to collect hundreds of tt decays yielding a muon aswell as several million 5-hadron events involving J/y/—>//+ju- decays. Muon detection is also offundamental importance in the study of J^-boson properties and in the search for Higgsproduction associated with W or Z bosons. Considerable effort therefore went into extending themuon detector coverage for Run II, which started in March 2001.


< ^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'20CI6 INP-50

The CDF II muon detector system consists of multiple layers of drift chambers andscintillation counters, which span the pseudorapidity (\q\) range between 0 and 1.5. Detectorsspanning different ranges have different geometries, and the muon scintillation counter systemincludes subsystems in the regions that have come to be known as the "central" (0 < \q\ < 0.6),"extended" (0.6 < \tj\ < 1.2) and "intermediate" (1.2 < \rj\ < 1.5) regions of the detector. DuringRun I, the "extended" region (referred to as the CMX) spanned two thirds of the azimuthalacceptance with eight layers of drift tubes sandwiched between two layers of scintillationcounters (known as the CSX). Though much of the missing 90° of the azimuthal coverage, onboth the east and west sides of the detector, were constructed before Run I, installation wasdelayed until the "CDF Upgrade" and, at that time, it was found necessary to introduce severalmodifications to the original design. These subsystems of the CMX came to be known as the"miniskirts", because they covered the lower section of the azimuthal range.

Like the CSX, the MSX are trapezoidal counters constructed from NE114 scintillator,produced about 15 years ago by Nuclear Enterprises. However, the MSX are 15 mm thick (asopposed to the CSX, which are 20 mm thick) and the scintillator which is apparently of superiorquality in that it has not yet shown any evidence of the premature aging which has shown up inthe central counters (known as the CSPs) and the CSX. Due to space restrictions the MSX coveronly one side (that closest to the interaction point) of the "miniskirts" and, in order to retain theability to do "mean timing", the counters were designed to be read out of both ends, throughcurved Lucite light guides coupled to 5.1-cm-diameter EMI 9814B photomultipliers (PMTs).

The worst acceptable estimation of the timing resolution from the MSX to be a standarddeviation a = 3 ns, which was sufficient to extract the signal from the background during Run I.

Trapezoidal counters are not symmetrical and the mixed "miniskirt" (MSX') counters,which are read out through a conventional light guide on the one end and via a WLS fiber ribbonon the other, are much less so. One might therefore expect a significant systematic contributionfrom this asymmetry to the overall a. Furthermore, because the n^ for WLS fiber readout issmaller than for conventional readout, we can also expect an increase in the statisticalcontribution to the overall uncertainty. Our first concern, before adopting this solution, wastherefore to ascertain that the mean timing resolution obtained under these conditions wasadequate. The modifications, testing and installation of these counters within the CDF UpgradeProject are described in detail. The timing characteristics of MSX' counters are also investigatedusing cosmic muons. The measurements show that the time resolution does not exceed 2.2 ns.

UZ0603069

SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF LEADING NEUTRAL PIONS

Babaev M.K., Baygubekov A.S., Mukashev M.K., Novolodskaya O.A., Sadykov T.Kh.Physical - Technical Institute, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Main source of high energy gamma-quanta are 7i°-mesons. A high threshold energy ofgamma-quanta registration and, therefore, of 7t°-mesons, in X-ray emulsion chamber reduces, theinformation only about the energy selected leading neutral pions, that that obtained from theemulsion experiment.


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 1NP-50

The integral spectrum, shown in fig. 1, is based on 75401 events with Eo> 10 TeV,obtained in a series of researches of interactions of hadrons with iron target of our complexinstallation; a metric of energy distribution of incident hadrons is g = -1.78±0.07.

io3

3A

io2

IO1

10 10 Fo, T3B10*

Fig. 1. An integral energy distribution of hadrons: 1-all interactions, 2-interaction with Ny> 1

To study of the characteristics of leading 7i°-mesons we selected interactions in, the target,that is target sets registered simultaneously in an ionization calorimeter and roentgen-emulsionchamber, with energy Eo> 10 TeV, in an amount N=2227, E^O.75 /0.25, EB°=1.33E.

The experimental data allows observation of the change of energy length of the selected TC°-mesons with increase of the parameter un

o=EK°/Eo. For this purpose, first of all, it is necessary toeliminate influence of threshold energy on efficiency of registration that is to select interactionsonly in that area of energies Eo, where the threshold effects are not essential.

In the table 1 the interactions length of the leading 7i°-mesons with various relative energiesUJI

O=ETIO/EO a r e presented depending on primary energy.

Table 1. Dependences of an interactions length with leading neutral pions from relative Un0

and primary energy Eo.

>0,2>0,3>0,4>0,5>0,6>0,7

E0,TeV3-5---

0,07+0,010,04±0,010,02+0,01

5-10-

0,13±0,020,11 ±0,020,08+0,020,05+0,020,02±0,01

10-150,22 ± 0,040,14+0,030,09±0,030,06±0,020,04±0,030,03±0,02

15-300,20 ±0,050,09±0,050,10±0,040,06±0,03

**

30-500,20±0,060,11+0,070,08±0,06

***

Note: « - » indicates that energy of a primary particle is insufficient for observation of aneutral pion with the data Un°; « * » - the static material is insufficient for reliable definition ofinteractions length.

As follows from reviewing the represented data, in the studied interval of energy (3-50)TeV of the interactions length of leading 7t°-mesons with various Un° do not vary within Eo errors.The obtained outcome testifies the persistence of decrease in leading 7t°-mesons production atchange of an electrostatic energy from 3 up to 50 TeV.


Q^ The Sixth International Conference "Modem Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006 - v^ INP-50

ROLE OF THE ORBITAL ANGULAR MOMENTUMIN DYNAMICS OF HEAVY ION COLLISIONS

i § Nasirov A.K.1'2, Giardina G.G.3, Muminov A.I.2, Utamuratov R.K.uVo Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia

Z) 2/feavy /o« Physics Department, Tashkent, UzbekistanM

Z|1§ Z / f e a v y / o « Physics D p a r , ,I H 3Sezione di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica deU'Universita, Messina, Italy

An important facet of the heavy-ion physics is the dynamics of the ion-ion collisions.However, it is not yet clear how the collision properties and the nuclear aspects govern thedivision of the total reaction cross section into the particle cross sections for the complete fusion,incomplete fusion, quasifission, fast fission, deep-inelastic collisions. The yield of reactionfragments is defined by the masses and charges of the projectile and target nuclei, their shellstructure, energy and orbital angular momentum {{) of collision. Both the experimental andtheoretical studies of the reaction mechanisms are actual due development of the experimentalfacilities and modern computer software.

The comparison of the reaction products in heavy ion collisions leading to the samecompound nucleus allows us to establish a dependence of the reaction mechanism on the shellstructure and mass asymmetry of the projectile- and target pair. Division of the total reactioncross section into the cross sections of different exit channels as a function of the orbital angularmomentum depends on the projectile- and target pair. A knowledge of this division is useful indetermination of the favorable conditions for the synthesis of superheavy elements, production ofnuclides far from the region of stability in heavy ion collisions.

The calculations are performed in the framework of the semi-microscopical model based onthe dinuclear system (DNS) concept and advanced statistical model [1]. The capture of theprojectile by the target is a trap of the system into pocket of the nucleus-nucleus potential afterdissipation of the kinetic energy and orbital angular momentum of the relative motion (Fig. 1)[2]. Friction and mass coefficients are found by calculation of the evolution of the coupling term,between the relative motion of nuclei and the intrinsic excitation of nucleons and nucleonexchange in DNS. The complete fusion being considered as the transformation of the dinuclearsystem into compound nucleus is calculated statistically. The evolution of charge (mass)distribution of the dinuclear system is defined by solving of the transport equations with thecoefficients which were calculated taking into account the non-equilibrium distribution of theexcitation energy between the nucleon systems in the fragments. An importance of i values liesin the fact that: for the given beam energy I defines competition between capture and deep-inelastic collision (Fig. 1); the intrinsic fusion barrier Bfus, and quasifission barrier (Bqf), whichdetermine competition between complete fusion and quasifission, depend on I, and at last thefission barrier 5fiss characterizing competition of the evaporation residue formation with fissionof compound nucleus is a function of i.

We found that the mass asymmetry, orientation angles of the axial symmetry axis of thedeformed nuclei and nuclear shell structure determine the angular momentum distribution of thedifferent reaction channels: deep-inelastic collisions, quasifission, fast-fission, complete andincomplete fusion and fission for the given beam energy [3]. The Coulomb barrier and depth ofthe potential well of nucleus-nucleus interaction are different for collisions of the deformedtarget- or/and projectile-nucleus with the various orientations of symmetry axis. The dependence



MPNP'2006

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of the excitation function of evaporation residues on the mass asymmetry of the colliding nucleiis connected with the formation of the same compound nucleus with different angular momentumdistribution [2].

We conclude that the yields of evaporation residues in the mass asymmetric reactions aresignificantly larger in comparison with the more symmetric ones due to the smallness of theintrinsic fusion barrier. The successes in synthesis of superheavy elements Z= 114, 115, 116,and 118 in reactions of projectile 48Ca with 244Pu, 243Am, 548Cm and 249Cf targets, respectively, isconnected with the large mass (charge) asymmetry of projectile-target pair in these reactions.Favorable beam energies, at which events indicating to synthesis of superheavy elements wereobserved, correspond to the near "side-side" orientations of the symmetric axis of interactingnuclei.

10 11 12 13 14 15

CD

Fig. 1. The capture (a) and deep inelasticcollisions (b) in the dinuclear systemconcept. The solid and dotted lines are totalkinetic energy (TKE) of the ingoing andoutgoing paths of collision, respectively.The dashed and dot-dashed lines arenucleus-nucleus potential (V(R)) for theingoing and outgoing paths, respectively.E*DNS is the excitation energy of thedinuclear system formed at capture.

0 10 20 30 40 50Fragment charge number, Z1

Fig. 2. The driving potential (a) andquasifission barrier (b) for the dinuclearsystem formed in the reactions leading tothe 216Th* compound nucleus as a functionof the charge number of its light constituentcalculated for the three values of orbitalangular momentum: I (h)=0 (thick line), 35(dotted line) and 50 (thin line).

References:1. G.Fazio, G. etal., Eur. Phys. J. A 22 (2004)75.2. G.Fazio, G. et al., Phys. Rev. C 72 (2005) 064614.3. K. Nasirov, et al, Nucl. Phys. A759 (2005) 342.


qg? The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 . . . . . . . _ i _ _ _ _ J _ _ INP-50

PRODUCTION OF A-ISOBARSIN HADRON-NUCLEON AND HADRON-NUCLEUS COLLISIONS

IIUIllllllJt(llfHI!IIEIIIIEir«llillllfl , p ,UZ0603071 State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

2Physical-Technical Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The study of the non-nucleon degrees of freedom in the nuclear matter presents an interestfor the modern nuclear physics, especially, for investigation of the spin-isospin excitations andcollective states of a nucleus. The modern nuclear physics relying exclusively on the nucleondegrees of freedom meets significant difficulties in describing all the sets of the nuclearphenomena, bringing about the wide spectrum of the nuclear models and postulating the specialproperties of interacting nuclei (drop model, shell model, collective model, the model of paircorrelations, nucleon-hole model, the theory of finite Fermi-systems et al.). Introduction of thenotion about intranuclear quasi-particles and the use of the theoretical field models of extendedbaryons opened on the one hand the opportunities for investigation of the pion degrees offreedom of a nucleus, but on the other hand put the new problems, connected to an existence ofthe pion condensate and ultra-dense states of the nuclear matter.

Let us bring the arguments which make the investigation of the processes with formation ofA-isobars extremely important. The spin-isospin excitations are closely related to the problem of anexistence of rc-condensate and ultra-dense nuclei. Apart from this, as follows from the comparisonof the quantum numbers of a nucleon (S—1/2, T =1/2) and a A-resonance (S=3/2, T = 3/2), thesimplest response of a nucleus to the spin-isospin excitation with an energy transfer of the order of300 MeV is the (7V-A)-transition of a nucleon into a A-isobar. If a A-isobar produced obtains notso high momentum (comparable to Fermi-momentum), it has the favorable conditions for thesubsequent interaction with nucleons of a nucleus, which due to its peculiarities of the decayingprocess may cause the excitation of the specific collective state as the pion-like wave whichinvestigation promises an interesting physics.

Furthermore we assume that the A-isobar, being produced at nucleus excitation, existssome time before its decay, in spite of the neighborhood of the nucleons interacting stronglyamong each other and with the A-isobar. The question arises in this approach - what is thedifference of the nuclear A-isobar from the free one?

Let us remind the well known properties of the free A-isobar, i.e. the one produced atexcitation of the free nucleon. The free (nucleon, vacuum) A-isobar presents itself as theisotopic quartet (A**, A+, A0 , A") of the non-strange particles with the mean mass - 1232 MeV,entering into the set of the baryon decuple 3/2+. The A-isobar - is the hadron, i.e. the particle,produced with the high cross-section in strong interactions, but differs from other usual long-lived hadrons, such as proton, neutron, and rc-meson, by the very short - nuclear life time, i.e.pertains to the resonances which are not only produced but also decay at strong interactions. Themost probable decay channel of the A-isobar is A—> N + K with the width T - (115+5) MeV.Despite the extremely small life time t = M~"~ 0,6 10~23 s, the A-isobar, as all the usual long-livedparticles, can be characterized by the full set of the quantum numbers, i.e. by the certainvalues of the kinetic energy and momentum and etc., even though the A-isobar can not beseparated from the single event.

Let us turn now to the preliminary investigation of parameters of a A-isobar. Firstly, letus remind that in the model of quarks the A-resonance is "constructed" analogously to anucleon which can be seen especially from the comparison of quark compositions of a proton


$$ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 ?

and the A+-resonance. Each of them consists of the same set of quarks (uud), but differs from eachother only by that that one of the quarks of this set has the spin and isospin which are flipped Sp = Tp=l/2,SA

+= r / = 3/2.The question about the collective excitations of a nucleus, connected with manifestation of

A-isobar degrees of freedom, is rather complicated. Let us firstly mention that the A-isobar degreesof freedom are closely connected to those of 7i-meson. The A-isobar in a nucleus is excited as aresult of the manifold and various processes, brought about by the initial 7i-mesons (strictlyspeaking, not only); its formation is closely related to the pion exchange currents, and the mesondecay channel is accompanied by an emission of 7i-mesons. The quasi-particle of a type of A-holeexcitation with the quantum numbers of a pion is sometimes called "quasi-pion".

Due to the strong interaction with the nucleons and pions of a nucleus, the nuclear A-isobarby its properties can and must differ from the free one. Formally this difference brings thechanges of only several parameters: the position of A-maximum on the energy scale, its width andheight (calculated for one nucleon) and some peculiarities of decay. But there are much morepossible reasons which can cause these changes. Among them, there exist necessarily the trivialeffects, which are of the nuclear origin and rather evident, as well as non-trivial collective effectswhich should be tried to discover at the background of the evident ones. As an example of non-trivial effects, the renormalization of the vertex of A-isobar production, an excitation of the virtualpion field, a collective excitation of a nucleus, connected with the movement of a A-isobar in itsvolume and etc. can be given.

The investigation of production of A-isobars in hadron-nucleon collisions leads to the widthof F = (115+5) MeV. In the nucleus-nucleus (CC) collisions, we obtained the diminishing of thewidth of A-isobar (70 ±7) MeV, pointing out the substantial growth of the life-time of A-isobar ina nucleus. This fact can be explained probably by an influence of the nuclear potential leading tothe diminishing of an effective mass of a A-isobar due to the binding energy. This leads to anincrease of the decay time, i.e. to the observed narrowing of the width. The observed decay timeis determined by the time of flight of a A-isobar through the potential sphere of the fragmentingnucleus. Therefore it is necessary for the more justified conclusion to study the production of A-isobars in interactions of hadrons with heavy nuclei.

UZ0603072

CORRELATION OF VIBRATIONAL AND CLUSTERING STATESIN SPHERICAL AND WEAK DEFORMATIONAL HEAVY NUCLEI

Baimbetova G., Kabulov A.B.National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

The correlation of collective and clustering motions of nucleons in spherical and weakdeformational heavy nuclear by the clustering boson model U(6)®U(4) is investigated. Iffragments of the nucleus are spherical or weak deformational, the group redaction takes place

U(6)®U(4) D U(5)® U(3) D 0(5)®Op(3) D O/3)®O f(3) D 0(3) . (1)

The group reduction (1) corresponds to vibrational limit of the clustering boson modelU(6)®U(4). The solving of the group reduction (1) are marked as


l8J A M•£§)> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006 <\d

MPNP'2006 UVP-SO

p "Xp,Lp;d d,Xd,Ld;I,M) by computational methods. When p-boson number is equal to

one, the solving of the problem has the analytical form

,Ld=2Nd) + sp + Nd(2Ld +1)£ (2 J + 1)X,ud •<• *• ^d

1 1 JThey are calculated by means of transition probabilities B(E2) and B(E1)

i,-2 2 Ly (2)

The comparison of theoretical calculations with experimental data for atomic nuclei Ra(A=218,220, 222) and Th(A=220, 222) gives the satisfactory agreement. The model predicts correctly thestructure of nuclear states and transition probabilities B(E1), B(E2).

UZ0603073

CORRELATION OF ROTATIONAL AND CLUSTERING STATESIN DEFORMATIONAL ACTINIDES

Baimbetova G., Kabulov A.A., Kabulov A.B., Ospanova A.National Pedagogical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

In this work for investigation of correlation of collective and clustering motions of nucleonsin deformational nuclei the clustering boson model U(6) ® U(4) is used, including quadrupole,dipole and the interrelation of quadrupole and dipole degrees of freedom. The rotational limit ofthe group U(6)® U(4) is formed in the following way

U(6) ® U(4) 3 SUd(3) ® Up(3) => SUd(3) ® SUp(3) 3 577(3) r> 0(3) . (1)

Representations of group (1) determine quantum numbers of nuclear states:N = N] +N2,(A,ju)d,Np>(A,ju)p,(/l,ju\IiM,K. Eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian for the groupreduction (1) has the following form

E = spNp+apC(Zp,Mp) + kdC(Ad>Md) + kCU,M) + k'I(I + ]), (2)where C{X,/S) is the quadratic Casimir operator of SU(3) group

C(A,M) = £+112+AM + XA+M)- (3)For practical calculations it is necessary the correlation of dipole states (/lp,0) with the

quadrupole states of the (Ad,/ud) representation of the SUd(S) group. In this case the eigenvaluesof Hamiltonian are given by

E = spNp+aNp(Np+3) + kdC(Ad,Md) + kC(l,M) + k'I(I + l). (4)

Quantum numbers X and /J. are determined by Yang's rule. With the help of group methodstransition probabilities B(E2) are calculated. The comparison of theoretical calculations withexperimental dates of following nuclei Ra(A=224, 226, 228, 230), Th(A=224, 226, 228, 230,232), U(A=230, 232, 234, 236, 238) and Pu(A=238, 240,242) gives the satisfactory agreement.


MPNP'2006

Section II

Radiation Physics ofCondensed Matter


DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH OF METHODS AND SYSTEMS FORINFRA-RED SYNCHROTRON DIAGNOSTICS OF HIGH-SPEED

PROCESSES IN BEAMS OF ELECTRONS AND PROTONS

Mal'tsev A.A.Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia UZ06 03074

I would like to present the methods and systems of nondestructive diagnostics and study ofcharged-particle (electron, electron-ion, and proton) beams based on the use of their magnetic-bremsstrahlung (synchrotron) radiation in a wide spectral range, from the ultraviolet to the farlong-wave infrared region [1, 2].

I draw attention to the great diversity of problems, both in accelerator experiments (forexample, the study of the coherence of synchrotron radiation) and in other, sometimes quiteunrelated fields, such as metrology, high-temperature superconductivity, biology, medicine etc.,which might be solved by means of infrared synchrotron accelerator diagnostics, covering theinterval of wavelengths 0.3 - 45 um, which is much larger than the spectral range that is widelyused at present (basically, the range 0.3 -1.1 um) in various experiments and investigations [3].

References:1. A.A. Mal'tsev - Phys. Part. Nucl. 1996. Vol. 27. No. 3. P. 797.2. A.A. Mal'tsev - Phys. Part. Nucl. 2006. Vol. 37. No. 1. P. 135.3. A.A. Mal'tsev, M.A. Mal'tsev - Atom. Energy. 80 (3) 1996. P. 190.

UZ0603075

OPTICAL LOSS ESTIMATION OF THE IRRADIATED FIBRESBY MEASURING THEIR OWN LUMINESCENCE

Abdurakhmanov B.S., Gasanov E.M.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The new practical applications of the optical fibres suppose their continuous operationunder the influence of various external factors. When the fibres are used as of shower detectors[1], formed in collisions of charged particles in the vast relativistic energies, such factors, in thefirst instance, are the following: y-radiation, neutron fluences, X-ray radiation and others. Uponthe influence of these fluences the physical properties of fibres, the main of which areluminescent properties and optical losses, are changed. To take into account the effective signaldistortion, which is formed by mentioned changes of fibre properties the effective methods ofmeasuring optical losses is necessary.

In present work, the method to measure optical losses is suggested, by using fibre's own X-ray luminescence as a probing light. The essence of the method consists of the following. In somepoint (about 1,5-2 Cm) of long fibre X-ray radiation excites the luminescence. The part ofluminescence light transported by fibre spreads along fibre and is detected at the end of fibre. By

151Section II. Radiation Physics of Condensed Matter

< ^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNF2C06 P

scanning luminescence excitation area the dependence of the passed light intensity from thelength of fibre is measured. Obtained dependence allows calculation of the quantity of the opticallosses in investigated fibre.

The obtained measurement results were discussed. The existing methods for measuring ofoptical losses [2, 3], are analyzed and the advantages and disadvantages of the offered method arepresented.

References:1. K Arrington, D.Kefford, V. Podrasky and et al. 1994 CERN test beam results of a 0° fiber

Cherenkov fiber sampling hadron test calorimeter: a preliminary study for CMS very forwardcalorimetry. // CMS TN/94 - 327, December, 1994.

2. V.V. Grigoryants, V.I. Smirnov, Yu.A. Chamorovskiy. Opredelenie opticheskikhkharakteristik mnogomodovykh volokonnykh svetovodov metodom obratnogo rasseyaniya. //Kvantovaya elektronika 1979, v. 6, Jfe5, p.1337-1339.

3. Belov A.V., Neustruev V.B. Metrika mnogomodovykh volokonnykh svetovodov i voprosistandardzatsii izmereniy. //Izvestiya vuzov MV H SSO SSSR. Radioelektronika, 1983, v.26,X25.p.l8-26.

UZ0603076

X-RAY DOSIMETRIC PROPERTIES OF TlGaS2<Cr> SINGLE CRYSTALS

Mustafaeva S.N.Institute of Physics, Baku, Azerbaijan

Single crystals of the TlGaS2 compound belong to the class of wide-band-gapsemiconductors with a layered structure and a high sensitivity to x rays /I/.

The purpose of this work was to investigate how the chromium doping of TlGaS2 singlecrystals affects their x-ray dosimetric characteristics.

Homogenous samples of TlGaS2 and TlGaS2<Cr> crystals at a chromium content of 0.5mol % were synthesized directly from the initial components. Single crystals of the TlGaS2 andTIGaS2<Cr> compounds were grown by the Bridgman method.

Samples of TlGaS2<Cr> single crystals were prepared in the form of plates in such a waythat the dc electric field applied to the sample would be directed parallel to the C-axis of thesingle crystal and the x-rays would be incident along the C-axis. Ag paste was used as a contactmaterial.

As an x-ray source we used a URS-55a instrument with a BSV-2 (Cu) tube. The x-rayintensity was controlled by varying the electric current in the tube at each specified value of theaccelerating voltage. The absolute values of the x-ray dose were measured on a DRGZ-02dosimeter. All measurements were curried out at the temperature T = 300 K.

The x-ray conductivity coefficient (K<j), which characterizes the x-ray sensitivity of thecrystal under investigation, can be defined as the relative change in the conductivity due to x raysper unit dose:


• ^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006

K =(TE-O'0 _ A<JE,0

ao-E C7O-E

where ao is the dark conductivity and OE is the conductivity under exposure to x-rays at a doserate E(R/min). The characteristic x-ray conductivity coefficients were determined for undopedand chromium-doped TlGaS2 single crystals at different accelerating voltages Va across the tubeand at corresponding x-ray dose rates.

As can be seen from obtained experimental results, the x-ray sensitivity of TlGaS2 singlecrystal varies in the range 0.025 - 0.174 min/R, whereas the x-ray conductivity coefficient of theTlGaS2<Cr> single crystal falls in the range 0.1 - 0.43 min/R; i.e. the x-ray conductivitycoefficient of the TlGaS2<Cr> single crystal is approximately 2.5 - 4.0 times greater than thecoefficient Ka of the TlGaS2 single crystal. The analysis of the x-ray conductivity coefficient Ko

of the TlGaS2<Cr> single crystal regularly decreases with an increase in the dose rate E from0.75 to 78 R/min and the accelerating voltage Va from 25 to 50 keV.

From analyzing the current-dose characteristics of TlGaS2<Cr> single crystal, it followsthat the dependence of the steady-state x-ray current (Ir) on the dose rate can be adequatelydescribed by a power law:

Ir ~ E",

where a- 1.3 at low dose rates of soft x-rays (at low voltages Va) and a = 0.7 at relatively highdose rates of hard x rays (at high voltages Va).

The obtained results have demonstrated that TlGaS2<Cr> single crystals are characterizedby a high x-ray sensitivity and can be used in the design of uncooled (operable at roomtemperature) x-ray detectors.

Reference:1. S.N. Mustafaeva. Physics of the Solid State. Vol. 47. No. 11. 2005. P. 2015 - 2019.

UZ0603077

DEFINITION OF DOSIMETRIC CHARACTERISTICSOF RADIATION BY MEANS OF QUASIADIABATIC CALORIMETER

Ibragimova E.M., Muminov M.I., Sandalov V.N.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The basic problems of standardization of measurement of the absorbed doze of reactorradiation are connected with transfer of energy of radiation from sample to working dosimeters.Consequence of this problem is the overestimated supposed error of dosimeters of reactors (up to30 %). If in irradiated material there is no reorganization of a crystal lattice, the radio-inducedchemical reactions are not observed and there are no sources of secondary radiation the energy ofradiation absorbed by substance, completely turns to thermal energy. The quantity of this heat Q


<§§? The S ixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006 MpMPNP'20p6 _ _ _ _ .'.NF'50

depends on energy which is allocated at one act of disintegration and activity of a source of anirradiation.

0)

where Ea,Ep,Ey - energy of a, p, y-radiation, respectively; r]a,r]/},T}y- the factors showing a

share of energy, absorbed in a calorimeter. Q proportional to the absorbed doze of radiation, canbe measured by various calorimetric ways precisely enough. The basic advantage of calorimetricmeasurements consists that these measurements have absolute character since results ofmeasurement is expressed directly in power units, considerably reducing errors of recalculation.The calorimeter represented the lead cylinder 20 mm in diameter and 50 mm in height. In thecenter and lateral sides differential copper - constantan 6 m long thermocouples are placed. Adifference of temperatures in the center of a calorimeter and on its surface was measuredrelatively to the free ends of the thermocouple which are at 0°C. Readout of thermoelectricalforce was carried out by voltmeter V7-21 with 10"8 V accuracy.

At rather small power of a thermal emission, heat exchange due to convection behaves tothe VA power law, and the factor of dispersion of heat from an external surface to an environment

can be found from a ratio:

t:~t,1/4

•Jv\(m2/s) (2)

where p - factor of volumetric expansion, K"1; g - acceleration of a gravity, m/s2; Pr - Prandtlcriterion; vm - kinematical viscosity, m2/s; Xm - heat conductivity, Wt/m; tit tc- temperatures ofwall of the calorimeter and an environment, accordingly; L - determined size, for verticallyfocused surface - height, m; N - factor of orientation of a hot surface.

Measurements of 6 lateral channels of INP gamma facility have been lead. Measurementswere spent on height of each channel. In figure distribution of temperature in the center of acalorimeter on height from a bottom of the channel No 1 is presented. From these measurementsthe analytical expression of dependence of doze power on temperature of the calorimeter iscalculated in the form of:

-760.77 (3)

TeMnepaTypa, CFig. Distribution of temperature of a calorimeter depending on the height measured in thelateral channel No 1.

[54Section II. Radiation Physics of Condensed Matter

The Sixth Internationa] Conference "Modem Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPW2006

The constant factors in the formula depend on material of the calorimeter, its geometry,material of thermocouples, temperature inside the channel, etc., i.e. are constants for the givencalorimeter. The results received for all channels are shown in the table from which one can see,that measurements sufficiently accurate.

Table. Values of the maximal temperature and doze power of lateral channels of INPgamma facility determined from calorimetric measurements.

Nochannel

T• maxP, Gy/s

p* experim)

Gy/s

1

28,83,12

3,145

2

30.553,84

3,799

3

29.063,22

3,242

4

24,141,40

1,405

5

28,93,173,183

6

24,61,631,577

Earlier for the given type of the calorimeter we calculated the losses of heat dissipation inair. It has been shown that these losses are rather small, and they can be neglected. Hence, thegiven design of the calorimeter can be applied to dosimeters of small power radiation, forexample several hundreds Gy/sec. The expediency of application of calorimetric methods fordosimeter of radiation sources is experimentally shown. High accuracy and simplicity of thegiven measurements gets the special importance at comparative measurements of the absorbeddoze by various types and designs of dosimeter.

UZ0603078

MODEL OF RADIATION-INDUCED EVOLUTION OF DIELECTRICCRYSTAL STRUCTURE UNDER REACTOR IRRADIATION

Abdukadirova I.Kh.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Due to a variety of properties the crystalline dielectric - quartz is widely used as one of thepromising materials in optical and electronic industry, in atomic, space and semi conductivitytechniques. The aim of this work is investigation of the properties of modification of syntheticquartz samples, by using the dielectric and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy methods.

Structural modifications of the reactor-irradiated crystals were investigated by method of X-ray scattering. It turned out that, at O > On (where On = 4-1019cm~2 is some threshold value ofneutrons dose) a diffuse halo with sin 0A, = 0,123 A "! appeared on X-ray patterns, which istypical for the amorphous state of quartz. This peak's intensity changes with the sampleirradiation time in active zone of a reactor.

It is remarkable that an approximation of the obtained dose dependence Yih(O) of the halointensity showed that radiation effect of the change of amorphous state of a quartz is welldescribed by a power dependence:

/ R /= const / t /A , where R = Y / Y lh- 1 , t = <D / <Dn - 1 ( 1 )


<2^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 INP.50

with the power exponent Ai = 0,83 ± 0,09 close to the index of correlation distance in theShklovskij-de Djennes model for the 3-dimensional sphere packing problem [1].

By the dielectrical spectroscopy method a nonlinear change of the structural sensitivity ofthe electrical parameter of a quartz - the dielectric permittivity s with a increase of the neutronsfluence was discovered. An approximation of the dielectric response as a function of the reduceddose of neutron radiation showed that it is described by a power dependence of the type formula(1) with A2 = 0,79 ± 0,07. The comparison of the empirical values of exponent power obtainedfor the optical and X-ray diffraction parameters for the neutron-irradiated quartz reveals theircoincidence and with the index in sphere problem.

The dielectric permitivity s of quartz is another electric parameter sensitive to its structure.A nonmonotonous behavior was established for the function:

f (<D)=l - [ s 2 (<E>)/e, (<&)], ( 2 )where £2 (O ) and sj (O ) are the dose-dependent permittivities of crystalline and amorphousphases, respectively, both having cusp at the critical point On. An analogous radiation kinetics isalso characteristic of a process of variation the crystalline phase bulk fraction in a mixture at aphase transition.

Based on the received results a model was proposed for the radiation modification ofthrigonal structure quartz under irradiation in reactor channel.

Let each sphere disposed in a crystal lattice node include an ensemble of disordereddomains of the cluster type, which are, most probably, nuclei of the amorphous phase. Then,making use of the necessary condition for the presence of percolation in the sphere packingproblem, we evaluated, in a first approximation, the critical concentration of those spheres Hn (n ,= 0,7.1017CM-3).The evaluation showed that the condition [1] :

i / L 3 < n K , 0 )where L - is a distance between clusters, nK - is concentration of those spheres, is really fulfilledin our case :

3,0.1015< 0/7.1017. (4)This evidences for the validity, in the first approximation, of the idea of the appearance of

percolation in quartz under exceeding a threshold dose, which is accompanied by the formation ofan infinite cluster. In this case, we may assume that the intense growth of the amorphous phase inthe whole mixture of a solid solution. Thus growth is considered as a transformation of the solutioninto a disordered state at the contact areas of a crystal with the clusters of new amorphous phase.We can conclude that, at this stage of neutron irradiation, local amorphized regions complete thereconstruction of the crystalline quartz into totally amorphous state.

Thus, based on proposed model of the radiation modification of a thrigonal quartz structureirradiated in reactor one can conclude that a mechanism of this phase transition is in general verycomplicated. The studied process of the C - A phase transition (crystal - amorphous state)includes several channels where the reconstruction of a crystalline quartz structure is performed.It is namely: a continuous remolding of a-quartz at the points of thermal peaks or displacementpeaks, a displacement mechanism according to a direct ( a -» A ) and indirect ( a -» p-> A )schemes, and a threshold mechanism of the radiation-induced crystal amorphization.

Reference:1. Efros A.L. Physics and Geometry of Disorder. M: Nauka. 1982.


<53$> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'200S _ Pf-SO

CHANGE OF WWER-440 FUEL ROD GEOMETRY BUNDER OPERATION UP TO 65 MW-day/kgU FUEL BURNUP j H ro

I H oIvashchenko A., Markov D., Rogozyanov A., Polenok V., Smirnov A., Smirnov V. = = o

Federal State Unitary Enterprise "State Scientific Center of Russian ^ = oFederation - Research Institute of Atomic Reactors", Dimitrovgrad, Russia ^ ^ 3

The paper describes results of analysis and summary of data on post-irradiation examination =of 13 WWER-440 fuel assemblies irradiated up to the fuel burnup of 22-65-MW/kgU. Themechanism of changes of diameter, length, fuel-to-cladding gap in fuel rods, as well theprocesses causing such changes are in focus of the paper. Experimental data were analyzed usinga multi-component radiation-thermal creep model.

Significant changes in the mode of deformation at the fuel-to-cladding interaction aredescribed. At this stage of operation the swelling fuel influences the cladding to increase itsdiameter up to -35 \xm at the burnup of ~65 MW-day/kgU. The discovered peculiarities of thefuel rod length changes (increase of the elongation rate at the burnup of 50 MW-day/kgU andshortening at the burnups higher than 50 MW-day/kgU) are due to the fuel-to-claddinginteraction. The described effects were shown to occur at lower burnups than in case of ratedpower in the fuel rods that were operated at the reduced linear power.

As far as the limit value criterion is concerned, the values of the observed strains areacceptable and do not reduce efficiency of the fuel rods.

UZ0603080

RESULTS OF POST-IRRADIATION EXAMINATIONOF WWER FUEL ASSEMBLY STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS

MADE OF El 10 AND E635 ALLOYS

Polenok V., Smirnov A., Markov D., Smirnov V., Ivashchenko A., Strozhuk A.Federal State Unitary Enterprise "State Scientific Center of Russian

Federation - Research Institute of Atomic Reactors, Dimitrovgrad, Russia

The paper presents the main examination results on the condition of fuel rods, guide tubesand spacer grids of the WWER FA made of E-l 10 and E-635 alloys. The paper is based on thedata obtained during the examination of 28 WWER-1000 FA and 12 WWER-400 FA.

Taking into account the high effect of the zirconium alloy behavior in the water-cooledreactors on the competence of Russian fuel, the comparison of Russian alloys with those of thezircaloy and M5 type was performed.

It is shown that under the normal operating conditions the E-l 10 alloy proved to be suitablematerial for the WWER fuel rod claddings. The E-635 alloy is used, mainly, in the WWER-1000FA skeleton elements. The registered oxide film thickness on the elements made of this alloy ishigher as compared to the E-100 alloy. Nevertheless, it does not influence much on theserviceability of the bearing elements of the WWER-1000 FA skeleton.


J J L ^ S k t h I n t e r n a t i O n a 'C o n f e r e n c e " M o d e m P'oblems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006 ^"""" ' ' " ' ' ' ' 1NP-5I

5 STUDIES OF HYDROGEN ISOTOPES PERMEATIONg THROUGH STAINLESS STEEL SS316IG

KulsartQvT.^Shestakov V.«, AfanasyevS > Chikhray Y.\Kenzhin Ye.2,, . Gordiyenko Y.2, Barsukov N.2, Tazhibayeva 1 3

Saence-Research Institute of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, Almaty, KazakhstanInstitute of Atomic Energy, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan

National Nuclear Center, Almaty, Kazakhstan

oiO! CD

ITER. It represents so-called class of modified materials for ITER

Given work presents the results of experiments on hydrogen permeation through SS316LN

coefficients, permeation constants, hydrogen (deuterium) solubility h S S S ^ G fteel

S i iUZ0603082

™ ^ ^ I ^ S T R U C T U R E OF RADIATION DAMAGEIN FCC-METALS AFTER DIFFERENT TYPES OF IRRADIATION

Ivchenko V.A.1, Popova E.V.\ Kozlov A.V.2, Ovchinnikov V V 'Institute ofElectrophysics, Ekaterinburg, Russia

'FSUEAU-RSRINM, Zarechny, Russia

Experimental data on atomic structure of radiation damage (individual point defects and theirsmall complexes as well as radiation clusters, formed in nolov,r\m^lZ^Z)t nureplatinum after different types of irradiation were obtained } P

T t S f * IT * ! ^ f <*«™*u* of radiation damage formed during) ' a n d u n d e r i r r a d j a t i o" with fast (E > 0.1 MeV)neutrons For stuHvd b i d i i ^ T X l t

l°n "• " " ™ uuucr ™a«non with tast (E > 0.1 MeV) neutrons For" 7Vu W m^ U U "^ 1 C / I l l i m i e Q b y i r r a d i a t i o n ' t h e method of field ion microscopy (FIM) wasused. The FIM method makes it possible to carry out direct precise investigation on an atomic

158 .

Section II. Radiation Physics of Condensed Matter

^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006 K>JMPNP'2006 _ INP-SO

scale of defects of crystal lattice of a material on an atom-pure surface, and of cascades whichcause atom displacement. At the same time the method allows analyzing the object of research involume by controlled and sequential removal of surface atoms by an electric field at cryogenictemperatures.

The purpose of this work was experimental investigation of radiation clusters, formed inpure platinum (purity of 99.99 %) after neutron irradiation in reactor RWW-2M at temperature310 K up to fast neutrons fluence (E > 0,1 MeV) 6.7-1021m"2 and 3.5-1022 m'2. Ion implantation ofaccelerated Ar+ beams carried out on an installation with a plasma source of charged particles,generation of ions working in a continuous mode.

In the crystal lattice of platinum irradiated up to fluence 6.7-102lm'2, radiation damage hasbeen found. The found defects presented, as a rule, either separate vacancies or small vacancycomplexes with the sizes comparable with interatomic distances, or presented interstitials. Thestructure of defects was revealed by controlled and sequential removal of surface atoms by anelectric field.

As a result of irradiation of platinum up to fluence 3.5-1022m"2, in this material by methodsof FIM many radiation clusters initiated by interaction of accelerated neutrons with the substancewere revealed. It is established that these damaged areas represent depleted zones containingseparate vacancies, and also small vacancy complexes, with a "belt" of interstitial atoms.Quantitative estimation of the sizes of such radiation defects was carried out and their density involume was experimentally established. By method FIM it is established, that after neutronirradiation of platinum at temperature 310 K up to fluence 3.5-1022m"2 clusters were formed in itof 3.2 nanometers average size, with concentration ~ 9-1022 m"3, at average concentration ofvacancies in clusters 9 %. In this work an attempt has been made to find out spatial geometry ofthe depleted zones in the platinum irradiated up to fluence of fast neutrons 3.5-1022 m"2. Theexterior shape of zone was generally found to be highly irregular as vacancies making them arelocated extremely irregularly.

In investigation of defect structure of platinum after irradiation with Ar+ ions specimenswith an atom-smooth surface were exposed to ion implantation preliminarily certified in FIM.The atomic structure of radiation damage, both on the implanted surface and in the subsurfacevolume, after various dozes of irradiation, has been finally analysed. It is established, that there isa strong dependence of the size and density of radiation defects on their depth bedding in amaterial. Comparison of the atomic structure of the defects received after different types ofirradiation in pure platinum is carried out.

The research described in this paper was made possible by grant No. 03-02-16560-a fromthe Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the Program of State Support to Leading ScientificSchools of the Russian Federation (grant No. NSh-639.2003.2), and also with the support fromthe Urals Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (the grant for young scientists and post-graduate students).


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 INP-50

SWELLING OF STAINLESS STEEL OF BN-350 REACTOR

Azraliev A.B., Ganeev G.Z.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty, Kazakhstan

UZ0603083

In the present work, we study a model of a swelling of austenitic steel of a reactor BN-350,based on calculations of defect ensemble evolution [1,2]. The theoretical analysis is based on thediatomic nucleation model where two helium atoms are assumed to compose a stable nucleus.The pressure of gas in a pore submits to Van der Waals law, regulating inflow of point defects(vacancies and interstitials) to a pore. Two interstitial atoms of matrix composing a nucleus ofdislocation loop. In the model we consider a mechanism for radiation-enhanced helium diffusionby which helium atoms dissociate from vacancies as a result of interaction between self-interstitials and helium atoms. Dislocation network is taken into account as a sink of pointdefects. Bubble formation on dislocations and coalescence of bubbles in matrix were also takeninto account.

Computer calculations have been carried out to estimate a degree of swelling ofconstructional steel at a neutron exposure with a helium agglomeration in dependence of doseand temperature of exposure. The parameters for generation of point defects and accumulation ofhelium are selected typical of reactor BN-350. Diffusion coefficients of point defects and otherparameters correspond to constructional stainless steels [2]. The calculated data is compared toexperimental results obtained for materials of reactors BN-350 and EBR- II [3].

Dependence of swelling on irradiation temperature. The calculated values of swelling bytemperature are shown in the fig. 1. The results are qualitatively in agreement with theexperimental results obtained for steel 08X16H11M3- a material of reactor BN-350.

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a) 6)Fig. 1. Temperature dependence of steel swelling a) - for reactor BN-350 (solid line-theory,markers-experiment), 6) - for reactor EBR-II ((solid line-theory, markers-experiment, steeltype 304 [3]).

References:1. C.Y. Zhang, K.Q. Chen, Z.Y. Zhu. Nuclear Instr, and Methods in Physics Research B 2000,

169, 64-71.2. K.K.Kadyrzhanov, A.B.Azraliev, G.Z.Ganeev, S.B.Kislitsyn. XVI Intern. Workshop

"Radiation Solid State Physics" Sevastopol', 3-8 June 2006.



3. Harkness S.D., Li Ch.-Y. A model for void formation in metals irradiated in fast neutronenvironment. - In: Radiation damage in reactor materials, Vienna: IAEA, 1969, V.2, P. 189-213.

UZ0603084

ELECTRIC FIELD GRADIENT AT m Cd IN THE SAMPLES OF RA13

SYNTHESIZED AT HIGH PRESSURE

Budzynski M.3, Velichkov A.I.1, Wiertel M.3, Komissarova B.A.4, Kochetov O.I.1,Ryasny G.K.4, Sorokin A.A.4. Salamatin A.V.1, Fomicheva L.N.2, Tsvyashchenko A.V.2

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia2High Pressure Physics Institute, Troitsk, Russia

3Institute of Physics, M. Curie-Sklodowska University, Lublin, Poland4Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow, Russia

The electric quadrupole interaction of n iCd in the intermetallic compounds RAI3 (R=Dy,Ho, Er, Tm,Yb, Lu) were synthesized at a pressure of 8 GPa. All the samples were single phaseof the type CU3A11. Note that DyAl3 and H0AI3 crystallize in this structure only at high pressure.Measurements were performed by the time-differential perturbed angular correlation methodusing the 4-detector coincidence spectrometer. Shown here is the TDPAC spectrum for DyAl3and its Fourier transformation. In all cases spectra could be fitted with a single quadrupolecoupling constant VQ with the asymmetry parameter r\ = 0. For all samples, except YbAl3, VQvaries slightly with increasing atomic number and decreasing lattice constant from 83.3 MHz forDyAl3 to 85.6 MHz for LuAl3. For YbAl3 vQ = 73.3 MHz, the difference reflecting theintermediate valence of Yb in this compound which is known to be «2.8 as compared to other R-elements in the studied samples

[y.e.]0.08

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References:1. A.V. Tsvyashchenko, L. N. Fomicheva, et al., Phys. Rev. B, 65, 174513 (2002).2. V.B. Brudanin, et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 547, 389 (2005).


i in

IS!8

MPSODS ^ ^ ^ M e r n a t i O n a l C o n f e r e n c e "M°dern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006 W

HETEROGENEITY OF STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES™ ° F 1 2 C r l 8 N i l 0 T i A N D 08Crl6NillMo3 STAINLESS STEELSIRRADIATED UP TO HIGH DAMAGING DOSES IN REACTOR BN-350

Maksimkin O.P., Jivanova O.V, turubarova L.G., Silnyagina N.S., Doronina T AInstitute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty, Kazakhstan

f ^IZ^™?^™?^:0^??0^ .™d s'™^« of reSpOnsibIe unitstreate TT t ^ ? T ^ "> 2' ** ^ ^ M <*«*** of Ptrea ment of austenite stainless steel (austenization, cold deformation, mechanical andtreatment) radiation effects could be different. In 111 one could observe S

" At eXahedmI " " I 5 dOng Perimet6r ' in Particular ' the s w e l l i"S of c o S S wa 1 JA the same time after mechanical-thermal treatment the comers swell in 3-5 times

XoVth ' ^ J S *"?? *"" " " ^ a S S U m p t i°n S a b°U t ° ^ « ^of the duct <S " 6 ° d e f 0 r m a t i 0 n d e g r e e o f material in corners and plates

It is known that 131 external effects (including deformation) induce martensitic v->aransformaton in austenitic steels, due to which the structure and properties of sTeefare hangtd

In particular, paramagnetic FCC matrix reveals sites with ferromagnetic BCC structureSteel heating, containing martensitic a-phase higher than -450-800X, results in reversef n ! j O r m a t i o n i n rafria1' w h i c h in its turn leads to formation of phase phase-hardenedite. We can expect that only peculiarities of processes of direct and reverse

T x s s i di diiTaking into account the above mentioned there have been carried out complex material

^ r S f t °f '2 C r l 8 N i l 0 T i Md 08CrI6NillMo3 steei sampled u, of fot

i r s ^ t r . t o coraers md far from thm) °f he^nai **» °f •>« «There were used samples in the form of plates of different sizes:•5x10x2 mm - for metallographic investigations (microscope Neophot-2) and

determination of microhardness (PMT-3); ^cupnoi z; ana

• 2x20x0,3 mm - for mechanical tests (testing machine Instron-1195), for determination of

^ ^ " S a m p l G ( F - 1 0 5 3 ) ^ S t U ^ ° f t h i n d i s l 0 C a t i - structure and

As a result there was determined that, firstly, hydrostatic density of 12Crl8NiI0Ti steelsamp es cut out of duct corner of the fuel assembly CC19 is higher than the density of steel

Z t , T r , ° ? I a t e - SeC°ndIy ' microhardness " e d on perimeter of hexagona duappeared to be higher in corners then in plates. At that radiation strengthening of steel wasmaximal ,„ sites of 12-15 mm in width, 7-8 mm being distant from a comer According tometa lograph.c investigations the m i c r o s t o r e in these sites considerably differed from thestructure in corner and in the center of duct plate.

The quantity of ferromagnetic phase is much more near corners than in the middle of theplate accordmg to its determination and distribution on plate width. There was revealed increased

Zi^T^z::intemal surface of a duct wai1-The

162


§g? The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MfNI"2006

Analysis of the obtained results shows considerable heterogeneity in structure andproperties of irradiated stainless steels even within one distance from the center of active zone. Itis also recommended to study separately corners and plates of hexagonal ducts at characterizationof fuel assembly ducts.

References:1. Krasnoselov V.A., Kosenkov V.M., Ostrovskiy Z.E., Goncharenko Yu.D. // Radiation defects

in metal crystals "Science" Kaz SSR, Alma-Ata, 1978, P. 117-123.2. Vakhtin A.G., Porollo S.I., Dmitriyev V.D., Alexandrov Yu.I. // Radiation material science,

Kharkov, 1990, Vol. 7, P. 189-195.3. Kadyrzhanov K.K. and Maksimkin O.P. Martensitic Transformations in Neutron Irradiated

and Helium Implanted Stainless Steels. Journal of ASTM, 21st International Symposium"Effects of Radiation on Materials", v.l, Mb4,2004, p.105-118.

UZ0603086

INFLUENCE OF NEUTRONIRRADIATION ON THE HEAT-CONDUCTIVITY AND

MICRO-HARDNESS OF ALUMINIUM ALLOYS CAB-1 AND AMG-2

Olimov K.\ Saidov A.S.1, Olimov Kh.K.1, Baytelesov S.2

'Physical-Technical Institute of SPA "Physics-Sun", Tashkent, Uzbekistan2Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

One of the technical problems of this Treaty is a conversion of research reactors with highfuel enrichment (with 90 or 60 % of 235U) to the use of the low fuel enrichment with 36 % of23SU. This is possible after the test and certification of the corresponding heat-ejecting set-upaccording to the requirements of the safety of exploitation of the reactor.

In the light of the above-mentioned, it is necessary to keep the nominal power of the reactornot changing the construction of the heat-ejecting set-up. To solve this task, one has to increasethe useful volume of the heat-burned elements of heat-ejecting set-up. This is achieved bydecreasing the thickness of the walls of the pipes of the heat-burned elements, which inevitablycauses the qualitative deterioration of their physical-chemical properties.

One of the fundamental problems in material construction of the nuclear reactors is acreation of the radiation-stable material, usable for the long-term exploitation at high doses of theneutron irradiation. At the moment, the aluminium alloys of the type CAB-1 and AMG-2,differing from other alloys by their physical-mechanical properties (i.e. by their high durability,corrosion-resistance and high reserve of after flow), are used for the reactors of the type WWR-Min the heat-burned elements of the heat-ejecting set-up.

In our previous work [1] the results of investigation of the influence of the neutronirradiation on the elemental composition and the structure of the samples CAB-1 and AMG-2were presented. For this purpose, these samples were irradiated by the neutron flux in WWR-Mof the Institute of Nuclear Physics of Uzbek Academy of Sciences at the flow rates ~ 101 and1019 neutrons/cm2. It was noted that the initial elemental composition of these samples was



identical within statistical uncertainties to those of the manufacturer plant. It was also shown that,after irradiation of these samples at the flow rates ~ 1018 and 1019 neutrons/cm2, the diminishingof the local intermetallic insoluble phases occurs with their almost homogeneous redistributionover the whole volume of the samples. Based on this, an assumption was made that the physical-mechanical and heat-physical properties of the samples changed significantly. To check thisassumption the heat conductivity of the investigated samples was measured in the temperatureregion 25-500 °C as well as their micro-hardness before and after irradiation at the flow rate ~1019 neutrons/cm2.

The results of the measurements of the heat conductivity averaged over the abovementioned temperature region and of the micro-hardness before and after exposure to the neutronflux are given in table.

The measured unit

Heat-conductivity

(Watt/(m*°C))

Micro-hardness

(MPa)

Before irradiation

AMG-2

157

56,2

CAB-1

135

90,5

After irradiation at the neutronflux ~ 1019 neutrons/cm2

AMG-2 J

146

68,6

CAB-1

137

109,6

As is seen from table, the mean values of the heat conductivity in the temperature region25-500 °C stay practically the same within the accuracy limits of the measurement device IT- k400 (6%). But it should be noted that for non-irradiated samples the heat-conductivity depends onthe heating temperature: first it decreases as the temperature increases to 100-125 °C, thenincreases by 35-40 % at t=200 °C. For the irradiated samples the heat conductivity does notdepend on the heating temperature within the experimental uncertainties. It is seen from table thatafter exposure to the neutron flux the micro-hardness of the samples increases by practically thesame percentage (=20%).

It can be concluded that upon irradiation of the alloys AMG-2 and CAB-1 by the neutronflux their heat-conductivity stays practically the same, being independent from the heatingtemperature, and their micro-hardness increases by 20 %.

Reference:1. S. Baytelesov, K. Olimov, A.S. Saidov, B.S. Yuldashev, "The investigation of the influence

of neutron irradiation on the elemental composition and structure of aluminium alloys CAB-1and AMG-2", The book of abstracts of the scientific congress "Physics in Uzbekistan" held inTashkent on 27-28 September, 2005.


<£$• The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22 ,2006 K MINP-50

MPNP'200S _ . . , -- • • • . . . . . . . . . . .

D O S I M E T R Y O F M I X E D G A M M A - N E U T R O N F L U X E S [I N T H E A C T I V E Z O N E O F W O R K I N G R E A C T O R {__

A N D G A M M A - F L U X A F T E R Q U E N C H I N G f== <*>

Mussaeva M.A., Zinov'ev V., Ibragimova E.M., Muminov M.I. |Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan |

For carrying out experiments in the channels of nuclear reactor, it is necessary to know the "distribution of neutron flux and the intensity of accompanying gamma-radiation both in theworking and quenched regimes. Dosimetric parameter of transparent dielectrics is based on theeffect of monotonous changing of optical absorption or luminescence under neutrons and/orgamma-radiation. While the radioactivity induced in an element monitor is proportional only to aneutron fluence beginning from a threshold energy.

Therefore the aim of this work was to determine the values of neutron and gamma-component fluxes separately and evaluate the contribution of each into the defect production indielectrics. We used very pure quartz glass of KU-1 type, produced in Russian State OpticalInstitute by fusion from SiCl4 in the mixed flow of O2+H2 (impurities of Cl and OH up to 10" %and the rest - below I0"4 %), SiO2 glasses with 30 % Ba, and also pure Ni wire. Since underirradiation in the working reactor samples were undergone mixed neutron and gamma fluxes, wesuggested determination of intensity of gamma-radiation from radio-nuclides (products ofuranium fission) after quenching the reactor by the current of ionization chamber and glassdosimeters. Samples of SiO2-BaO together with Ni monitors were irradiated for 1 hour in 18channels of the active zone of the working reactor both in the sealed ampoules and in the contactwith water of the 1-st cooling circuit at 40 °C. The linear dependence of the induced opticaldensity on the absorbed dose of n° + y-radiation was obtained. Ni -monitors not sensitive to y-radiation gained the induced radioactivity proportional to the absorbed energy of neutron fluxabove 1 MeV. Neutron fluxes in the 18 channels varied from 9.53-1011 to 1.21-10 3 cm" -s"corresponding to fluences from 3.43-1015 to 4.3-1016 cm"2. Optical density of band 215 nmascertained to E' - center, which is sSi* near oxygen vacancy, varied within 0.57 - 2.8. Besides,pure SiO2 samples in the Cd - can filled with water were irradiated in the thermal column ofoperating reactor for 6 hours. Under these conditions the fast neutron flux was estimated as weakas 6-10 n/cm2s, the fluence was 1.3-1015 cm'2. The optical density of band 215 nm was 2.5,while the neutron fluence was -30 times less. Thus, the concentration of E'-centers does notcorrelate with a neutron fluence.

To extract the contribution from gamma-rays into the induced optical absorption in theglass matrix, samples of pure SiO2 were irradiated by gamma-rays in 4 hours after quenching thereactor at the ionization current of 50 nA during 30 minutes, 12 and 24 hours; next time in 9hours after the quenching at 40 nA and for 120 hours at 10 nA. In this case the gamma-spectrumdid not include 10 MeV line from oxygen due to the short life-time, which prevails in thespectrum of working reactor. Maximal dose of y-radiation of the quenched reactor was shown toinduce the band at 215 nm up to the density of 0.5. When the sample was in contact with waterthe efficiency of E'-center production was 2 times higher that in dry condition. Thus, the highefficiency of structure defect production in SiO2 glass owes to the influence of 10 MeV y-radiation of the working reactor.

The work was carried out under the grant F2.1.2 from Center of Science and Technologyof Uzbekistan and supported by NATO CBP.EAP.CLG.981765.

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•$£> The Sixth International Conference "Modem Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPWP'20()6 INP-50

UZ0603088PHOTOLUMINESCENCE

QF IRRADIATED NANOPOROUS SDLICON

Kalvkova G.K., Gorelkinskii Yu.V., AbduIIin Kh.A., Kikkarin S.M., Mukashev B.N.Institute of Physics and Technology, Almaty, Kazakstan

The effects of electron (2.5 MeV) and proton (30 MeV) irradiation on photo luminescenceand microstructure of porous silicon (PS) were investigated, using scanning probe microscope andelectron paramagnetic resonance (EPR).

Porous silicon layers were prepared in 40% HF in ethanol with directly added HC1 acid (upto 30%) in electrolyte. Boron-doped CZ- (100) silicon wafers of resistivity from 7 to 10 Ohm.cmwere etched at a current density ranging from 5 to 20 mA/cm2 for a period of 5 -10 min. As-prepared samples reveal high intensity signals of photoluminescence (PL) that centered at nearred (-700 nm), blue (425 nm) and ultraviolet (370 nm) region. Two bands were observedsimultaneously in the same point of sample with excitation by 325 nm - laser. Ultravioletemission of as-prepared PS samples (without high temperature treatment) is observed for the firsttime. By means of varying the current density (at etching) the ultraviolet band can be shifted toblue region (-412 nm) while red emission disappeared completely. It should be noted that aboutcritical role of chloride solution in significant enhancement of red PL and its long-durationstabilization was previously reported [1-3]. Investigations data of EPR have shown that hydrogenincorporated in porous silicon surface from etching electrolyte as well as HC1 acid plays criticalrole in formation nanoporous structure of silicon (with nanocrystallites size < 3 nm). Irradiationof PS samples with dose ~100 Mrad lead to increase of the PL intensity and its long-durationstabilization.

300 400 500 600 700 800

X, nmFig. 1. Photoluminescence spectrum of porous silicon in blue and also red ranges. The redand blue bands were generated simultaneously, from the same point of porous silicon.


4@ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 INP-50

un.

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300 400 500 600 700 800

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Fig. 2. Photoluminescence spectrum of porous silicon in near ultraviolet range.Electrolyte with addition HCl.

Fig. 3. The image of porous silicon surface (150x150 nm) corresponding to PL of Fig.l,received by scanning probe microscope JSPM-5200

References:1. Belogorokhov A.I.,.Belogorokhova L.I. //Semiconductors 33 (1999) 169.2. Gole J.L., DeVincentis J.A. et al. //Phys.Rev.B 61 (2000-11) 5615.3. Prokes S. M, Carlos W. E. et al. //Phys.Rev.B 62 (2000-1) 1878.


<^> The Sixth International Conference "Modem Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006IHPNP'2006 rNP-50

UZ0603089

INVESTIGATION OF DIFFUSION OF PALLADIUMIN NEUTRON-TRANSMUTATED SILICON

Makhkamov Sh., Tursunov N.A., Sattiev A.R., Rakhmanov J.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

A controllable introduction of impurities into silicon by diffusion techniques enables one toregulate in a wide range its electrophysical and photoelectrical parameters such as electricalconductivity, concentration, mobility and life-time of charge carriers, photoionization cross-section etc. However, in a number of cases conventional techniques has principal disadvantagesthat does not allow one to introduce impurities into the material in sufficient amounts andhomogeneity. Therefore, in order to resolve this problem a new approach is advanced forobtaining materials with desirable properties, based on combination of neutron-transmutation ofsemiconductors and formation of impurity-defect states in the bulk material by thermal diffusion.

This work presents the results of studies on diffusion of palladium in the neutron-transmutated silicon. Single-crystall silicon samples of p-type conductivity and resistivity of ~103

Q.-cm were used for studies.Samples were irradiated by neutrons with fluencies of 1018 cm"2. At this a part of silicon

atoms are transformed into phosphorous atoms, donor impurities in silicon, due to the followingnuclear reaction

151H 2,62 hrsAs a result, initial p-type silicon are overcompensated and transformed into n-type silicon withresistivity of 35 •*- 40 Qcm and phosporous concentration of 1.2-1014 cm"3.

Diffusional doping of silicon by palladium were performed in the temperature range of10004-1200°C during 0.5-7-5 hrs. Identification of palladium and determination of its concentrationalong depth of silicon samples were carried out by X-ray-fluorescent technique using a setupconsisting of the silicon-lithium (Si<Li>) detector SL-30165 and the multi-channel analyzingapparatus DSA-100. For scanning particular regions of samples and excitement of specific X-rayradiation (SXR), we used "irradiative headings" with two sources of primary 24lAm y-irradiationwith activity of each source equal to 200 mCu.

Fig. 1. Specific X-ray radiation spectra ofsilicon samples doped by palladium at 1200°C.

Fig. 2. Distribution of palladiumalong depth of silicon.


<|^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'200S

Before measurements of SXR spectra, standard chemical processing of surface of dopedsilicon samples were performed after each removal of surface layer with thickness of 0.5 - 1 um.

. Figure 1 depicts SXR spectra of silicon samples doped by palladium at 1200°C. As followsfrom SXR measurements, the amplitude of palladium peak at energy of 21.123 keV decreasesmonotonically and practically saturates after removal of 4 |am thick layer (Figure 2). At diffusionaldoping of industrial silicon by palladium, homogeneous region of palladium distribution starts afterdepth of a few tens of microns. Such a deviation of results for industrial and neutron-transmutatedsilicon can be explained as follows. Degree of homogeneity of neutron-transmutated silicon issignificantly higher than that of usual industrial silicon, and palladium can diffuse faster over latticeimperfections in industrial silicon because of its lower homogeneity.

This work was supported by the grant F-2.1.23 of the Center for Science and Technology atCabinet of Ministry of Republic of Uzbekistan.

UZ0603090

SOFTWARE FOR THE ON-OFF-LINE A-A-T-COINCIDENCEEXPERIMENT WITH USE OF SEMICONDUCTOR DETECTOR

OF NUCLEAR RADIATION

Samatov Zh.K.1*2. Fominyh V.I.\ Gromov K.Ya.\ Safarov A.N.2

'joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia2State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

In y-spectra measurements with 200 cm3 HPG-detector with energy resolution (FWHM) of3.5 keV for a-rays 1.33 MeV 60Co, 60 cm3 Ge(Li)-detector with energy resolution of 1.9 keV fory -rays 1.33 MeV 60Co, 2 cm3 HPGe-detector with energy resolution of 1.0 keV for a-rays 122keV 57Co and planar 250 mm3 HPGe-detector with energy resolution of 0.5 keV for y -rays 53keV 133Ba. For accumulation and analysis of the experimental information the analog electronicsproduced companies ORTEC, CANBERRA, Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problem ofJINR, units of the digital electronics of standard KAMAK, personal computers were used. Theaccumulation of information on the coincidence spectra was provided by record of each event(Ei, E2,t)-coincidence (in list mode) and single spectra Ei and E2 that gave the broad possibilitiesfor analysis result after completion experiment by means of the multiple sorting of informationon spectra of the coincidences with installation the energy and time windows.

In the report, a description of programs of the management and control of the on-off-lineexperiment designed at the begin 90-s being performed in Dubna by theYASNAPP-2 program[1-3] on the experimental complex for study nuclei far from the drip-line (i-stability is given. Thepublication of the description of controlling programs is retard from publication of descriptions ofthe measuring equipment and result of the physical studies [4-6] due to in particular with creationin Institute of Nuclear Physics in Tashkent of the experimental complex y -y -coincidences, whichcan be used to accumulate the unpublished material by authors.



The programs are formed in the Turbo-Pascal language with reference to the KAMAK-standard digital equipment and spectrometric equipment in standard NIM. It is properly toclassify beforehand the programs in amount of 50 items:

• Program of the accumulation coincidence spectra of the type A-A-T with using the digitalwindows and ANC for 4096 or 8192 channels (off-5).

• Program of the accumulation spectra coincidences of the type A-A-T in mode (in listmode), i.e. formation of 3-domensional matrixes of the coincidences, (conexe, co-on-wd,on-separ, online3, on-co-pi, recoilt, coin-buf, coin-tim, off-stab).

• Program for the diagnostics of the equipment.• Program of the long-term storage of single spectra with ensuring the stabilizations on the

reference peaks in spectra (07-11-tm, 07-11-bf, 11-07-tm, 11-07-bf).• Program for the sorting of the coincidence spectra (pl32sort, p231sort, s!23sort, sum-a-g,

sum-g-a, sum-g-g).• Tools software (kll9-nl6, 8k-to-4k, bin-dat, sum-4k, sum-8k, sub-4k, sub-8k, compr-4k,

compr-8k, multi-4k, multi-8k).• Program of the preliminary and final visualization of the measured results (pict-vec,

surfsort, pol-3, z-pol-c).• Program of the transformations of the accumulated information in type suitable for the

following analysis and quantitative processing. The descriptions of the programs, blockdiagrams, necessary explanations upon their using are presented. In application, in viewof significant volume, listings of some programs are given only.

The equipment, program of management and control of experiment are used for study of thestructure of the exited states of nuclei at decay of 213Bi, 209Tl [4], 221Rn [5]. The methods todetermination of the absolute activity of the radioactive sources, absolute efficiency of detectorsof y-radiations and intensities weak cross-over y-transitions [6].

References:1. V.G. Kalinnikov, K.Ya. Gromov, M. Janickii et al., NIM, 1992. V.B70,p.622. E.Augustynyak, V.V.Kuznetsov, V.I.Fominyh, M.I.Fominyh, JINR Preprint, Rl3-88-160,

Dubna, 1988.3. V.I.Fominyh, Ya.Vavryschuk, G.V.Veselov, et al., PTE, 5, 1995, p. 19-304. K.Ya.Gromov, S.A.Kudrya, Sh.R. Malikov, et al. Izv. RAN, Ser. Fiz. 2000, V.64, No.l 1

p.2228-2239.5. K.Ya.Gromov, S.A.Kudrya, Yu. V. Norseev, Zh.K. Samatov, V.A. Sergienko, V.I. Fominyh,

V.G. Chumin. Izv. RAN, Ser. Fiz. 2003. V.67, 1, p.27-29.6. S.I. Vasiliev, K.Ya.Gromov, Zh.K. Samatov, et al., PTE, 2006, 1 p. 1-7


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006INP-SD

INFLUENCE OF GAMMA D3RADIATION ON ELECTRIC ANDDIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF TlGaTe2 CRYSTALS gj g

£ = = CD

Sardarly R.M., Samedov O.A., Abdullayev A.P., Zeynalova E.A., Safarova G.R.Institute for Radiation Problems, Baku, Azerbaijan I

TlGaTe2 has a quasi-one-dimensional layered structures and exhibit para-to-ferroelectricphase transitions through an intermediate incommensurate phase. TlGaTe2 exhibit nonlineartransport properties. This structure is body-centered tetragonal and features c-axis chains ofatoms and edge-sharing GaTe4 tetrahedra.

The TlGaTe2 monocrystals were grown by the modified Bridgman-Stockbarger method.The measurements were carried out on the sides perpendicular to polar axis The sides wereground and covered by silver paste. Dielectric constant s(T) and angle tangent of dielectric losseswere measured by the alternating current bridge E7-8 (1 KHZ), P5058 (10 KHZ), E7-12 (1 MHZ)and Tesla BM560 (100 KHZ) in the temperature region 150-250K. The velocity of temperaturescanning was 0,1 K / min. The loops of dielectric hysteresis were studied at frequency 50 Hzusing the modified circuit Soyer-Tower. The pyroeffect has been investigated by the quasistaticmethod using universal voltmeter V7-30.

The samples were irradiated (Co60) at room temperature. The j^diation dose wasaccumulated through sequential exposures of the same sample and reached 100,200 300 and 400Mrad The dependences e(T) and c(T) were measured after each exposure of the sample toirradiation Conductivity was measured by the alternating current method. The temperaturedependencies of dielectric constant E(T) of TlGaTe2 crystals at different frequencies aremeasured. . f

It is known that the presence of an impurity in the semiconductor results in occurrence otlocal states near the Fermi level. On these local states the hopping mechanism of charge transportis realized, which essentially influences both on electrical, and dielectrically properties otsemiconductor-ferroelectrics. TlGaTe2. ^ ^ T .

According to the temperature dependencies of dielectric constant e(T) study, TlGaTe2 hastemperature instabilities of the crystal lattice lead to ferroelectric ordering.

UZ0603092

INFLUENCE OF RARE EARTH ELEMENTSON RADIATION DEFECT FORMATION IN SILICON

Nazyrov DJE.National University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

It is known that efficiency of form and kinetics annealing of radiation defects influence greatlypresence of initial in controlling electrically active or inactive impurities, their concentration andposition in a lattice of a semiconductor. From this point of view of impurities of group of rare earths

171


<(§£> The Sixth Internationa! Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006 L!$J£1MPWP'2006 INP-50

elements (REE) are of great interest, they interact with primary radiation defects creating electricallypassive complexes such as <impurity + defect>. Thus they increase radiation stability of silicon.

The purpose of the given work was the investigation of effect of irradiation by y-quanta 60Coproperties of silicon doped REE-by samarium, gadolinium and erbium. The doping of silicon wascarried out by growth process. Concentration of REE - samarium, gadolinium and erbium in siliconaccording to neutron-activation analysis equaled 1014+5-1018 cm2. Silicon doped by phosphorus -15 -50 Q-cm were used as control samples. The results of investigations were obtained from DLTS(deep level transient spectroscopy) measurements, Hall effect and electrical measurements ondefinition of a resistivity, lifetime of minority carriers of a charge and optically active ofconcentrations of oxygen and carbon. The optical recharge by the infrared light emitting diode (P-10mV, X.=0,95 pun) was used for investigation of deep levels (DL) situated in lower half of band gap.

In control samples irradiated by the y-quanta 60Co with a dose 1016 + 5-1018 cm"2 formationDL was found in band, the parameters of which are well-known: A-, E-centers etc. Depending ona dose of an effect of irradiate in an energy spectrum of radiation defects in Si<REE> of essentialchanges, except for concentration is not observed. The deep levels concentration the Ec-0,17 eVand Ec-0,4 eV in Si<REE> is essentially reduced with respect control samples. The comparisonthe dose of associations of observable levels in irradiated n-Si<REE> with similar associations incontrol samples shows, that a velocity of introduction rate of radiation imperfections in samplescontaining REE much lower, than in control.

Thus the presence REE - samarium, gadolinium and erbium does not reduce in formation ofnew radiation imperfections in silicon.

Established that the doping of n-type silicon when growing by the by samarium, gadoliniumand erbium raises radiation stability.

The obtained results are considered in complex with results on DLTS, infrared (IR)-absorption,measurement of values of a lifetime of minority carriers of a charge, and on the basis of the literarydate.

UZ0603093

FEATURES OF THERMAL AND RADIATION DEFECT FORMATION INSILICON DOPED WITH HOLMIUM

Daliev Kh.S., Utamurodova Sh.B., Atabaev T.ShInstitute of Applied Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The problems of defect formation in silicon are one of the actual problems in study ofsemiconductor materials and microelectronics, because the process of the fabrication practicallyof any semiconductor devices comprises different cycles of thermal processing. To modify thecharacteristics of silicon (increasing the photosensitivity, tenzosensitivity, changing of resistivityetc.), its doping with different impurities, influence with ionizing radiations that finally brings tothe formation of different sort of defects.

In this work the results of complex investigations of thermal and radioactive defectformation in silicon doped with holmium are given. As investigated samples n-Si doped withholmium, and the control samples n-Si with identical electric parameters were used.


M$& The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006

WPNP'2006 nvP-50

From the measurements of samples n-Si<Ho> with DLTS and PC methods, was shown thatatoms of holmium do not create deep levels in forbidden zone of the base structuresAu-Si<Ho>-Sb, though their full concentration in silicon volume, accordingly to neutron-activation analysis constitutes 1016-1018.

It was shown, that high temperature processing of Au-Si<Ho>-Sb structure in interval ofthe temperatures from 900° C to 1250° C and different range of time from 0,5 to 50 hours bringsto appearance of two deep levels with energies Ec-0,38 eV and Ev+0,29 eV. Efficiency of creatingthose levels depends on concentrations of holmium atoms, temperature of processing andpresence of oxygen in initial silicon doped with holmium.

Investigations with gamma irradiation of Au-Si<Ho>-Sb structures do not renderobservable influence to the parameters connected with deep level (energy of ionizing and sectionof the seizure of current carriers). It was discovered, that presence of Ho in Si delays theefficiency of formation known radiative defects-complexes, vacancy-oxygen (A-centre) andvacancy-phosphorus (E-centre).

UZ0603094

COMPUTER SIMULATION OF Ne+ AND Ar +IONS SCATTERINGFROM THE DEFECT SURFACES AT GRAZING INCIDENCE

Dzhurakhalov A.A. *, Kutliev U.O.2 , Kalandarov B.S.2

institute of Electronics, Tashkent, UzbekistanState University, Urgench, Uzbekistan

If ions are scattered from ordered crystals at grazing incidence, the particle motion is to a greatextent determined by the mutual position of the surface atomic layers of the irradiated target.Currently there are some experimental and theoretical results concerning ions scattering fromsurface atomic chains and semichannels at grazing incidence of the beam on the one-componentcrystal surface [1, 2]. In particular, the ion focusing effect of scattered particles [3-6] observed in theregime of surface semichanneling, the ion refocusing [7] observed at very small grazing angles ofincidence have been investigated in detail.

Ion bombardment of a solid surface leads to radiation-induced vacancy defects, atomicsteps and their clusters, as well as the atomic scale relief (< 100A) formation. The concentrationand the type of the radiation defects being formed depends upon the experimental conditions andsignificantly influences the trajectories, angular and energy distributions, as well as the number ofthe scattered particles. Moreover, there is a correlation between the defect type, the blockingangles of the reflected beam and the energy distributions of the scattered particles, that allows adetermination of the defect type and its surface concentration [8-10]. Thus the detection ofscattered ions provides a powerful tool for surface analysis that is exclusively sensitive to theoutermost atomic layers.

The aim of present work is to study by both computer simulation the refocusing effect ofparticles reflected from the surface semichannels versus the shape of semichannels and the ionscattering from the surface atomic steps of single crystals in the case of grazing incidence.

The numerical code used in this work is based on the binary collision approximation. Usingthe universal potential of Ziegler-Biersack-Littmark interaction [11] and accounting for time


•§§> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MBTOP'200<S _ _ W?

integral the trajectories of ions testing for grazing scattering were simulated on discrete chains ofatoms and on semichannels on a single crystal surface. The elastic and inelastic losses of energywere summarized along the trajectory of scattered ions. Inelastic losses of energy were calculatedby modified Firsov formula [2] and included into the scattering kinematics. The simulations wererun with the crystal atoms initially stationary at equilibrium lattice sites because in the conditionsof grazing incidence the influence of the thermal vibrations of lattice atoms at room temperatureon ion sputtering results is insignificant.

The peculiarities of the low energy Ne+ ion scattering by the GaP(lOO) stepped surfaceand the refocusing effect of particles reflected from the surface semichannels of single crystalshave been investigated by both computer simulation and analytical methods. For the differentsurface semichannels the analytical expressions of refocusing energy have been obtained. Theenergy and angular distributions of ions dechanneled from semi-infinite steps on the GaP(lOO)surface have been calculated. At a sliding incidence on a defect surface of a single crystals theincident ions may be captured by the surface atomic steps, are channeled in a layer under atomicsteps. The reflected part of a beam in process of scattering by edge atom of step and ofdechanneling undergoes the scattering for large angles. It was shown that the dechanneling ionsform the characteristic peaks in the angular and energy distributions of scattered ions.

References:1. Mashkova E.S., Molchanov V.A., Medium-Energy Ion Reflection from Solids. North-Holl.

Publ., Amsterdam, 1985. 444 p.2. Parilis E.S., Kishinevsky L.M., Turaev N.Yu. et al. Atomic Collisions on Solid Surfaces.

Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1993. 664 p.3. Shulga V.I., Rad. Effects. 1975. V. 26. P. 61.4. Yamamura Y., Takeuchi W., 1980. V. 49. P. 251.5. Thompson M.W., Pabst H.J., Rad. Effects. 1978. V. 37. P. 105.6. Shulga V.I., Zhurn. Tekhn. Fiz., 1982. T. 52. C. 534.7. Dzhurakhalov A.A., Umarov F.F., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys.Res. 136-138 (1998) 1092.8. Begemann S.H.A., Boers A.L., Surface Sci. 1972, V. 30, P. 134.9. Luitjens S.B., Algra A.J., Suurmeijer E.P.Th.M, Boers A.L.. Surf. Sci. 1980, V.I00, P. 315.10. Umarov F.F., Parilis E.S., Dzhurakhalov A.A., Vacuum, 1993, V. 44, P. 889.11. D.J. O'Connor and J.P. Biersack, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys.Res. B15 (1986) 14.

UZ0603095

EFFECT OF y- IRRADIATION ON THE BEHAVIOUROF SILICON DOPED WITH HAFNIUM

Utamuradova Sh.B., Daliev Kh.S., Vlasov S.I., Daliev Sh.Kh.Institute of Applied Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

In given work by means of complex methods the properties of silicon, doped by thehafnium at the growing and by the diffusion method are studied. Also results of research ofprocesses formation radiation defects in Si doped with impurity of hafnium are presented.

It is shown that entering the atoms of hafnium in silicon in the process of growing frommelt reduces the concentrations of optical active oxygen No

opt, moreover, the higher


•g^- The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 ^ ^ _ _ ^ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ flVP-50

concentration of hafnium atoms, the less Noopt. It is found that the high temperature treatment of

the samples Si<Hf> brings about increasing concentrations of optical active oxygen.It is shown that hafnium atoms in the silicon lattice do not show an electrical activity, but in

ditto time render an observable influence upon processes of defects formation. It is found thatpresence of hafnium atoms in silicon reduces efficiency of forming thermodefects with deep levelEc-0.23 eV and in ditto time raises efficiency of forming the nickel centres in silicon

It is found that diffusive introduction of Hf in Si changes resisitivity of samples. Profile ofsharing resisitivity consists of two areas: near surface area before 80 urn, where sharp growing ofresisitivity is observed, hereinafter in the volume of silicon where value of resisitivity isstabilized. It is shown that diffusive introduction of Hf in Si reduces the concentrations of opticalactive oxygen on 10-15%.

Results of measurements of specific resistance of sample gamma-radiation have shown, thatin Si, doped Hf, introduction rate and the concentration of radiation defects (RD) is much lowerin comparison with control samples (without Hf).

It is found that gamma - radiation of appreciable effect to deep levels (DL) parameters inSi, doped Hf does not influences. Measurements of dose dependences of deep levelsconcentration in such samples have shown, that variation concentration DL (Nt) have nonlinearcharacter and depend on initial concentration DL.

It is found that presence of any Hf impurity in silicon brings to the delay of process offormation RD, but speed of accumulation of these defects in Si with different impurity variously.And, the more is the concentration this or that hafnium, that is less concentration RD. Theseeffects are explained especially of interaction of atoms Hf with RD.

UZ0603096

SELF-TRAPPED ELECTRONIC EXCITATIONS AND GENERATIONOF COLOUR CENTRES IN Gd3Ga5O12 CRYSTALS

Kurbanov A.M., Nuritdinov I., Gapparov A.U.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Electronic excitations created under influence of radiation in crystals plays an essential rolein processing radiation stimulating such as charge and energy transfer or disturbs the order in acrystal. They are studied with the help of traditional method for solid radiation physics based onresearch absorbing and the luminescent characteristics of irradiated materials and theirtemperature dependences. In this paper reduction will be discussed the results of researcheselectronic excitation crystals such as GdsGasO^.

In a spectrum of y -luminescence a wide non-central luminescence zone is observed whichmaximum moves from 420 nm to 500 nm at increasing of the temperature from 77 up to 300Kelvin. Anticymbate character of temperature dependences of intensity of /-luminescence at420 and 500 nm to point the way their belonging to minimum two centers of recombination. Thezone of luminescence at 420 nm is exited in all investigated crystals independent of defectpresence and it is represented as typical crystals Gd3Ga5Oi2.

175Section II. Radiation Physics of Condensed Matter.

< J> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006 *$pMPNP'2006 _ _ _ i _ _ _ ^ _ INP-50

Reduction of short-wave components of /-luminescence coincides with destruction ofabsorption zone at 600 nm. This absorption zone y - induced at 77Kalvin is typical for crystalsGd3Ga5O]2 and apparently has hole nature. So the intensity of this zone is reduced in crystalswhich have p-type admixture Cr3 + . They capture holes during irradiation and at concentrationCr3 + > 1019 cm" is not observed. Moreover, after destruction of the coloring centers responsiblefor a zone at 600 nm the quantity of p-type Cr4+ centers (with maximum 500nm) is increased.

Thus from the result it is possible to assume that the luminescence at 420 nm is own andarises at radiant structural breakdown excitation similar electronic excitation which is formed atelectronic recombination with auto localized holes which responsible for wide absorption zonewith maximum 600 nm.

UZ0603097

INFLUENCE OF y-IRRADIATION ON DIELECTRICRELAXATION OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITION

ON THE RECYCLED POLYPROPYLENE BASES

Fazilova Z.1, Gafurov U.1, Grigoreva O.2, Bardash L.2

institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, UzbekistanInstitute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Kiev, Ukraine

The temperature dependence of dielectric relaxation for unirradiated and y-irradiatedrecycled polypropylenes (PP) and thermoplastic composition on its bases has been investigated.The dielectric loss study was performed using E8-4 bridge. The testing temperature was variedfrom -150 to 120°C at a heating rate of 2 K/min and a frequency of lkH. The PP samples werey-irradiated at different dose of the irradiation (y- source Co60 with energy of 1.25 MeV).

The experimental data obtained are shown in Figures 1 -4. One can see significantdifferences between the unirradiated and y-irradiated samples. Figure 1, 3, 4 shows that dielectricloss curve of y-irradiated recycled PP samples are characterized by presence of sharp peak at thetemperature of about 30°C and for PP composite about 10°C . The mentioned peaks are assignedto association of absorbed water molecules with polar groups of polymer backbone. It issupported the measurements of the relaxation in regime of temperature increasing and decreasing.

tg 5 1 0"4

1 0 0 -

80

40

Ig 6 1 0 '

300 -

200

-100 -50 50 100 -100 -50 50 100

Fig. 1. Typical dielectric loss curves forrecycled PP samples in regime oftemperature increasing and decreasing

Fig. 2. Typical dielectric loss curves forrecycled PP samples y-irradiated at differentirradiation doses, kGy: 1- 0; 2- 1000; 3 -2000kGy.



19 5 1 0 '

400 -

300 -

200-

tg S 10 ' '

!00 -

-100 -50 . 1 0 0 - so so 100

Fig. 3. Dielectric loss curves for polymercomposite PP-r+EPDM+GTR/plast inregime of temperature increasing anddecreasing

Fig. 4. Dielectric loss curves for y-irradiatedpolymer composite PP-r+EPDM+GTR/plastin regime of temperature increasing anddecreasing (2000kGy)

An existence of some polar groups, i.e. RC=O, RC=C-0 has been confirmed by IRinvestigations (Fig.5) for y-irradiated samples and for unirradiated composites on the recycled PPbases.

0 kGy2- 1000 kGy

\

1300 teOO H00 1500 1000

Fig. 5. FTIR Spectra curves for recycled PP samples y-irradiated at different irradiationdoses, kGy: 1-0; 2-1000

It was found that the higher dose of y-irradiation the higher amount of polar groups in PPand its thermoplastic composites samples studied. It was established by IR and DSCinvestigations that removing of molecules of absorbed water is observed and after irradiationtreatment PP and its thermoplastic composites samples absorb much lower amount of watercompared to the un-irradiated samples.

Sol-gel analysis has shown that recycled PP and its thermoplastic composites samples y-irradiated at different doses the irradiation stimulated cross-linking of the samples are observed.

The work was supported by EC (STCU Project Jte U3009).


$$ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MKYP'2006 INP-50

ON THE NATURE OF CAPTURE CENTERSUZ0603098 IN IRRADIATED CERAMICS SK-1

Ashurov M.Kh., Gasanov E.M., Kim Gen Chan, Nuritdinov I., Saidahmedov Kh.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Along with other methods, for detection of radiation defects, the luminescent methods arewidely used. One of such methods is the thermo-stimulated luminescence (TSL) method. Byusing this method, information on nature and energy depth (Ec) of capture centers can beobtained. In this work, the influence of high dose y-irradiation on magnesial ceramics SK-1 wasstudied by the TL method. The samples were irradiated with 60Co source, and the y-irradiationdose varied between 104 and 1010 R. The TL curves were measured in the temperature rangesfrom 80 to 700 K. As a result of irradiation the samples acquired brown colour. After y-irradiation one can see the peak with maximum of 220 K and the peaks with 428, 548 and 658 Kin the low-temperature (<300K) and high temperature(>300K) regions of the TL curves,respectively. To determine the nature of capture centers the samples were annealed in the air-conditions environment. Annealing conditions do not lead to changes in intensities of theexisting TL peaks. After heat treatment in air the increase in intensity of 220, 428 and 548 K ofTLS peaks can be observed, whereas in 10-hour treatment the saturation can be observed.Besides, the TL peaks at 353-363 K appears. Consequent restoring annealing decreasesintensities of 220, 428 and 548 K and leads to disappearing peaks at 353-363 K. The energydepth values Ec calculated by the Uhrbach formula Ec=T,K/500 occurred to be : 0,44 eV; 0,86 eVand 1,096 eV for 220, 428 and 548 K, respectively. Besides, at annealing the increase ofreflection characteristics of ceramics samples within 300-700 nm in observed, whereas thereflection intensities fall for the samples undergone the annealing. The analysis of theexperimental results demonstrated that 220, 428 and 548 K peaks and additional absorption in theregion of 300-700 nm are conditioned by V-centers. Possible mechanisms of CC formation andimprovement of explanation characteristics of SK-1 ceramics in the ionization fields arediscussed.

UZ0603099

INFLUENCE OF PRELIMINARY REACTOR IRRADIATION ON DEFECTFORMATION IN QUARTZ FIBERS UNDER y - RAY ACTIVITY

Ashurov M.Kh.1, Baydjanov M.I.1, Gasanov E.M.2, Ibragimov J.D.1,Islamov A.Kh.2, Nuritdinov I.2, Rustamov I.R.1, Yuldashev B.S.2

iPhonon Scientific Industrial Association, Tashkent, Uzbeksiatn2Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

For study of influence of preliminary structure defects and type of cladding material onadditional defects accumulation kinetics we investigated the absorption spectra of optical fibers(OF) marked FVP-400 (quartz core and quartz clad) and FSHA-800 (quartz core and polymericclad) preliminary irradiated by fast neutrons fluencies 1012, 1013, 1014, 1015cm"2 before and after



additional irradiation by y-rays of 60Co source. Preliminary irradiation of samples was conductedin cadmium-plated channel of the reactor. Dose rate of accompanying y-radiation is determinedas 1250R/s using KI quartz glass based dosimeter. The spectra of the induced absorption (losses)were calculated by an expression A(X)=(lO/L)xlg[T(X)/To(?i)], where To(X,) and T(A,) aretransmissions of samples before and after irradiation, L-sample length [m], A(X.)- optical losses[dB/m].

It's established that the transformation processes of previously existing structure damagesarising during fiber drawing into other ones and creations of additional defects under influence ofneutrons depends on hydroxyl content and type of fibers cladding material.

It's shown that under influence of y-rays at doses 105, 5-105, 106, 5.106, 107, 5-107 and 108Rthe two-stage accumulation of non-bridging oxygen hole centers (NBOHC) is observed inpreliminary neutron-irradiated OF. The first stage is caused by appearance of potential NBOHCarising during fiber drawing and irradiation of OF by neutrons. The dose value of y-rays at thebeginning of the second stage that is connected to creation of additional NBOHC under y-raysaction decreases with growth of preliminary irradiation fiuence.

We suppose that under neutron irradiation of OF along with transformation of previouslyexisting damages and creation of additional point defects there is formation of areas with thehigher density than in quartz glass which concentration increases with growth of irradiationfiuence. Hence, the volume of such areas where =Si-O-Si= bonds are strained increases too. Incondensed quartz glasses the rupture of strained =Si-O-Si= bonds under y-irradiation arisingduring condensation is dominant during NBOHC creation processes.

Thus, we assume that the first stage of increasing the number of NBOHC is caused bycreation of previously existing NBOHC and transformation of potential centers into NBOHCunder y-rays action. After the certain values of y-irradiation doses the creation of additionalNBOHC in OF begins at the expense of strained =Si-O-Si= bonds rupture under y-rays action.The probability of formation of additional NBOHC near and in volume of germs is higher than inother structure damage types. The increase of concentration and type of structure defects withgrowth of neutron fiuence results in decreasing the value of y-irradiation dose at which thesecond stage of NBOHC increase is observed.

UZ0603100

INFLUENCE OF IONIZING RADIATION ON OPTICAL HARDNESSOF TRANSPARENT DIELECTRICS TO ACTION

OF HUGE INTENSITY LASER LIGHT

Bedilov M.R.1, Khalilov R.A.21 Research Institute of Applied Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

2Heavy Ion Physics Department, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

This paper presents results of researches of optical hardness of y -irradiated with doze 104-109 rad alkali-silicate (K, GLS, LGS) and quartz (KU, KV, KSG) glasses against influence ofradiation neoduimium laser with intensity q = 0,1-1000 GWt/cm2. It is observed, that the laserproduces damage of surface and volume of investigated glasses before and after y -irradiation.


<!§£> The S ixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 _ ^

This damage has threshold character and is always accompanied by a bright luminescence ofplasma. Definition of threshold values of intensity superficial qs and volumetric qa laser produceddamage was made by the complex method - fixing the moment of damage of transparentdielectric by simultaneous registration of the laser impulse which has passed through plasma ofbreakdown, mass-charge spectrum of ions of plasma and measuring the energy falling on theglass, and of penetrated and mirror-image radiations; and by optical microscopy. This method ofresearch of influence /-induced in transparent dielectric radiating defects on its optical stabilityagainst influence of laser radiation allows not only to define values qs and qj in the investigatedinterval of dozes, but also to investigate in details physical phenomena taking place in thisprocess of interaction. On the basis of the received data quantitative characteristics of opticaldurability of the investigated glasses on wave length of 1= 1,06 microns depending on dozes ofy -irradiation and intensity of laser radiation are made. Doze dependences of charge and powerspectra and quantitative characteristics of ions of plasma of breakdown were investigated atq^qs. In the investigated interval of dozes of y- irradiation and intensity of laser radiation by amethod of optical microscopy the morphology of occurring laser damage as surfaces, and volumeof glass is also studied. It is found, that /-induced defects in investigated glasses strongly effecton thresholds of damage qs and qa and on characteristics of ions of plasma. Significant growth oftotal number of ions of all frequency rates of charge Ny reduction of maximal energy Emax and

frequency rates of a charge Zmax ions are observed. Correlation between parameters of superficialdamage - threshold qs and the size of damage d and characteristics of ion plasma - N y , Zmax

and Emax are also observed.Damages, as microscopic researches have shown, looked like the microcrater representing

the fused layer with a flat bottom and melted edges. Such structure of craters is consequences ofthe thermal action accompanying damages by plasma. With growth of a doze / -irradiations ofinvestigated glasses the sizes of damage grow considerably with the increase in diameter d offormed the craters received at the same values q. It is shown that the increase in intensity of alaser radiation up to 1000 GWt/cm2 leads to the catastrophic damage of the surface leading tobreaking of glass. Results of microscopic researches show that the damage of surface and volumeof the investigated non- irradiated glasses begins locally in the separate from each other smallsize parts where the congestion of the absorbing defects breaking the structure of glass wasformed. Those are initially present in structure of glass alien impurity inclusions, dislocations andvacancies, bubbles and pores and others of heterogeneity.

Concentration of absorbing defects in glass considerably increases due to formation of theradiating defects caused by / - irradiation. This leads to an additional power consumption of alaser radiation on heating and evaporation of substance of a target, and consequently to reductionof a part of laser radiation, too, which is spent for heating and ionization of plasma. This seems tobe a reason for reduction Z max and Emax of emitted ion by plasma and strong growth of output ofions from plasma of / - irradiated glass connected with recombined processes taking place inplasma.


<j > The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 __ pff-SO

INTENSIFICATION OF ELECTROLUMINESCENCEOF ZnSe(Te,O) CRYSTALS AFTER GAMMA-IRRADIATION

Elmurotova D.B., Ibragimova E. M.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan UZ0603101

Wide-gap A2B6 semiconductors are of special interest within eyeshot of energy-saving, onthe base of which light sources are produced. Excitation voltage for injection electroluminescence (EL) corresponds to a transition potential barrier height, and wavelengthdetermines the radiative transition energy and a recombination level position. The problem is inincreasing the EL excitation efficiency, in particular the way of lowering the working voltage.

The aim of the present work is experimental researches of possible amendment of ELcharacteristics of wide-gap ZnSe(Te,O) single crystals by influence of ionizing gamma-radiationon the electrical and optical active centers, and also exposure of possibility for creation of lightemitting structures.

We studied ZnSe crystals grown with Bridgman method at the Research Institute for SingleCrystals (Kharkov, Ukraine). Diffusion doping with Te was used for creation of p-n transition inZnSe crystals, that resulted in additional generation of Zn vacancies, treatment in oxidizingenvironment caused formation of extra Zn interstitials. Dominating evaporation of Zn, which isstipulated by a higher mobility of Zn;, leads to the increase of defect concentration of Vzn type,this process is vividly expressed in the crystals doped with Te that may be explained by theformation of stable VznTeseZnj associates. A few samples of each series were irradiated withwl.25 MeV gamma-rays of 60Co radioisotope source at the dose power of 10 Gy/s to the dose of106 Gy at 300 K and compared with the non-irradiated reference samples. Spectra of EL weremeasured in the wave range of 200-900 nm at 300 K. A constant voltage in the range of 7-80 Vwas applied in straight and inverse direction for exposing hysteresis in the EL voltage-brightnessdependences.

The EL spectra include a wide band with the maximum at 600 nm. For the untreatedsamples the threshold voltage was 70-80 V, when the EL intensity began growing sharply,depending on polarity. The threshold voltage was essentially down to 12 V after treating in Znvapour. The treatment in Zn vapour resulted in significant decreasing of the threshold voltage forexciting EL, the intensity of which depended from polarization. The irradiation did not changethe EL spectrum and the maximum remained at 600 nm, although the El maximum moved by 5-10 nm in the dependence on applied voltage. Irradiation of untreated samples resulted in 8-timesincreasing of the EL brightness. The working voltage went down to 60 V, while the intensity ELdid not change in the treated samples.

These crystals can work as light diodes at the alternative current mode, because the ELefficiency is kept in both polarities of the applied voltage. The mechanism of EL excitation inthese crystals is of a sub-threshold type: Te centres obtain necessary energy both at the expenseof the resonance energy transmission from the sensibilization centres, the role of which is playedby the self-activated Zn interstitial centres excited by the applied electric field, and directly fromimpact excitation by secondary electrons produced under gamma-irradiation.

This work was supported by contract F 2.1.2 from the Centre of Science and Technology ofUzbekistan Republics.


q$g The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 _ _ . _

INVESTIGATION OF INFLUENCE OF Co60 y- QUANTA TORECOMBINATION PROPERTIES OF THE COPPER DOPED SILICON

Makhmudov Sh., Karimov M.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

U20603102

The aim of the work is to study the influence of post-thermal diffusion and y- irradiation tothe recombination properties of rapid and slow cooled copper doped silicon.

As an initial material the n-Si<P> with ~5 and 2000 Ohm-cm specific resistance was used.The dislocation density is taken to be ~104 cm'2. Doping of silicon by copper carried out in thetemperature range of 1050+1300 °C with succeeding I and II type cooling those rapidity was 30-40 deg/min (I type samples) and 250-300 deg/min (II type samples). At the same time it isinvestigated n-Si<P> samples which were under analogically heat treatment but without copperdoping. The life-time of the charge carriers was determined using the stationaryphotoconductivity method.

A new series of results are obtained.They are: it is revealed that by increasing of the copper concentration in p-Si<P,Cu> and n-

Si<P,Cu> the magnitude of T increases in comparison with control silicon. The effect is explainedby intensification of micro-heterogeneity on conductivity in the compensation process of thematerial.

It is shown that by electro physic and recombination properties in the I type n-Si<P,Cu>and p-Si<P,Cu> samples the thermo stability in 350 - 500 °C is observed.

It is discovered that the changing of (x/xo) appreciably differs one from other in I and II typesamples after irradiation by y- quanta. In the rapid cooled samples x is more radiation stable thanslow cooled samples up to dose ~ 2- 10s R and this effect is explained with a high concentration ofelectroactive copper atoms in the samples. Last ones connected with post diffusion cooling. Atthat by increasing of copper atoms concentration the radiation stability increases.

UZ0603103

ORIENTATION OF QUARTZ NANOCRYSTALLITESIN THE SILICON LATTICE

Kalanov M.U.1, Uramatov Kh.D.2, Ibragimova E.M-1,Khamraeva R.N.1, Rustamova V.M.1

'institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2Engineering Pedagogical Institute, Namangan, Uzbekistan

Basing on the study of medium angle diffuse X-ray scattering from silicon single crystals, itwas supposed to be due to rod like oxygen precipitates [1]. It was shown by us later, thatdepending on the growth conditions, as-grown silicon single crystals contain quartz crystalinclusions at an amount of 0.3 -e- 0.5 wt. % [2]. Since it has not been done before, the aim of this


•£§J The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPMP'2006 INP-50

work was to study the shape and orientation of quartz inclusions relative to a chosen axis of thesilicon crystal lattice.

We studied p-Si single crystals of one crucible origin with the specific resistance p0 « IH-10Ohm-cm with different cut surfaces parallel to the crystal planes (100), (110) and (111). All thesamples were cut and polished in the bar form with the sizes of 20x12x1.5 mm3. The dislocationdensity was ND ~ lO'-rlO3 cm"2, the concentrations of oxygen and boron were No « 2^-4xlO17 cm"3 and NB * 3-1015 cm"3. Structure was analyzed at the set-up DRON-3M (XcuKa = 0.1542 nm) atthe room temperature in the angle range of angles 2® = 10-r70°.

The diffraction spectrum of the sample cut in (111) includes 5 selective reflections and theonly diffuse one at 2® « 20° (d/n » 0.3136 nm), having a large width 0.1032 rad, which is due topresence of amorphous SiOx precipitate in the surface layer of silicon single crystal. Thedominative selective line with d/n « 0.3136 nm at 2® « 28.5° belongs to reflection from {111}planes of the silicon lattice and the second less intensive one comes from the same planes withCUKP radiation. Another selective reflection of a medium intensity at 2® « 59° with d/n « 0.1568nm is its second order (222) and forbidden by the weakening laws. The rest narrow but weaklines with d/n « 0.3345 nm at 2® « 26.6° and 0.2468 nm at« 36.6° correspond to the diffractionreflections (101) and (110) from the crystal quartz lattice SiC>2. It means that they are caused byoptimally oriented quartz particles with the normals coinciding with that of reflecting (111) planeof the silicon matrix. Besides, there also occurs modulation of the background level in thescattering angle range 2® « 43-70° with some maximum about 52°, which is indicative of otherquartz particles with the normal parallel to another crystal axis. The maximum observed at 52°did not appear by case, since the angle between (111) and (100) planes is ~ 54° in a diamond likestructure, and may relate to the enhanced background modulation in the samples cut on (100).

Indeed, the X-diffraction pattern for the samples cut on (100) contains 4 intensive selectivepeaks and 2 diffuse reflections. The selective peak with d/n ~ 0.1358 nm at 2® « 69.3° belongs tothe main reflection (400) from the silicon matrix. The other with a medium intensity at» 61.2° isits p-component. The structure peaks with d/n « 0.2711 nm at 33° and « 0.5431 nm at « 16.2°,having a medium intensity too, are the second (200) and the first (100) orders of the mainreflection (400). They are forbidden for diamond structures by the weakening laws, yet they canbe observed experimentally in this case. Thus, all selective reflections observed in this orientationbelong to the silicon lattice. Therefore in this case there the quartz particles do not exist with theoptimal orientation coinciding with (100) of silicon crystal, so it is impossible to see theirselective reflections. The first diffuse reflection of a medium intensity with d/n « 0.493 nmoccurred at 2® « 18.2° belongs to amorphous SiOx on the surface of silicon crystal. The seconddiffuse reflection with d/n « 0.246 nm at 42.5° is due to these particles, but in the sample bulk,which are oriented mainly along [110] direction, because the angle of this peak coincides withthat ~ 45° between the (100) and (110) planes.

The diffraction spectrum of silicon cut along (110) contains 5 selective reflections and onediffuse scattering. The analysis has shown that the most intensive selective peak with d/n «0.1358 nm at 2® « 47.5° belongs to reflection from (220) planes of silicon lattice, while a line at« 42.5° is its p-component. The rest selective reflections come from the crystal lattice of silicondioxide particles, among them (202) peak with d/n « 0.1669 nm at 2® « 54.8° dominates, (211)peak with d/n « 0.1538 nm at 60° is medium, and (100) with d/n * 0.4254 nm at« 20.8° is weak.It is indicative that the normal [110] of the (110) plane of the silicon lattice almost coisides withthat [202] of (202) plane of the quartz crystal particle with the characteristic size of- 14.5 nm,therefore the peak (202) is high intensive. Normals [211] and [100] to planes (211) and (100) of


The Sixth International Conference "Modem Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006

quartz particles make the angles of 30 and 45° with the normal [110] of the corresponding planeof silicon lattice. Diffuse reflection with d/n » 0.271 nm at 20 « 33° is due to SiOx precipitates atthe Si-SiC>2 boundary.

Thus, it was shown from the analysis of selective reflections of silicon crystals cut along(111) and (110) that SiC>2 quartz crystal nano-particles are oriented along [110] direction of thesilicon matrix.

The work is supported by the grant F2.1.2 from the Center of Science and Technology ofUzbekistan.

References:1. Lyutt R.N., Sitnikov A.A., Sorokin L.M. Diffuse scattering from rod-like defects in silicon

crystals with oxygen // Sol. Stat. Phys. 1985. Vol. 27, # 3. P. 673-677.2. Ummatov Kh.D., Kalanov M.U., Paizullakhanov M.S., Rustamova V.M. Study of phase state

of as-grown silicon crystal // Uzbek. Phys. Journ. 1999, vol. 1 #4, p. 288-292.

UZ0603104

STUDY OF GAS-SOLID EXCHANGE PROCESSESIN HIGH-TEMPERATURE PROTON CONDUCTORS

Aksenova T.I.1, Khromushin I.V.1, Munasbaveva K.K.1, Zhotabaev Zh.R.2

institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty, Kazakhstan2National Nuclear Center, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan

Properties of oxides with perovskite structures are of interest both from applied andscientific points of view. It is well known that properties of the oxides depend dramatically onoxygen stoichiometry. Often it is necessary to create oxygen vacancies in the oxide lattice to getthe needed oxide properties such as proton conductivity. As a rule vacancies in oxide lattice arecreated by partial substitution of cation B in oxide with ABO3 structures by cation with lowervalence. Further it is considered that properties of the oxides, for example, proton conductivitydepend mainly on cation-dopant nature not on structure and state of electron subsystem. Butsome results indicate that both "fine" features of lattice structure (symmetry group) and featuresof electron structure due to e.g. mixed valence states of cations of transition elements areresponsible for wide variety of the oxide properties.

Special role of oxygen in proton conductivity is caused by the fact that oxygen ion in theoxide lattice serves both as a trap for hydrogen and preferable way of hydrogen migration. That iswhy it is necessary to know states and mobility of oxygen in the oxide lattice.

Analysis and comparison of the results received by different methods allows getting newinteresting information about processes of gas-oxide exchange.

In this work the results on oxygen exchange for barium cerates received by equilibrium andnon-equilibrium methods are discussed. As a result a model for description of oxygennonstoichiometry of barium cerates as a function of PO2 is suggested.

Thermodesorption spectra of oxygen molecule release from barium cerates for differentsample treatments are shown in fig. 1.



IP -

as -

•eTO

03 -

* annealing

* annealing* annealinfl

in air SSO'C A

n air 750*C / • "m wel N, „•/

/ * *.« *•

- ' / *

i\\ •

* '•: 4*'i *

T'C

Fig. 1. Normalized spectra of oxygen desorption from BaCeo;9Ndo,iC>3 samples afterdifferent oxide treatments.

These results together with experimental procedure of sample treatment and researches aredescribed in [1]. It was shown that oxygen molecule desorption from barium cerates is controlledby second order kinetic reaction. This conclusion was made on the base of peak shapes anddependence of peak temperature on oxygen concentration in the oxides. Parameters of thereaction were determined. In this work we used these data for processing of the results onequilibrium oxygen saturation of barium cerates received by Kishio [2].

Dependence of oxygen index on equilibrium oxygen pressure received by Kishio for bariumcerates doped by neodymium [2] is shown in fig. 2.

a

log(Po/atm)

Fig. 2. Oxygen nonstoichiometry of Ba(Ceo.9Ndo.i)C>3-8. Solid lines are calculated data.

As it was mentioned above an oxygen molecule desorption from barium cerates iscontrolled by second order kinetic reaction. This fact together with shapes of experimental curvesreceived by Kishio allowed us to suggest the following system of differential equations fordescription of oxygen saturation process

dnldt =

dm/dt = - +kdxn2

m + n = a3-5= n+b

where, a - maximal number of sites in the sample available for sorption, m(t) - number of sitesavailable for sorption at the moment, n(t) - number of occupied by oxygen sites from those sitesthat are available for sorption, ks=kso*exp(-Q/kT) constant of sorption rate, kd=kdo*exp(-E/kT) -


•£§$> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'200<S _ 1WF-50

constant of desorption rate, P02 - oxygen pressure, b - parameter corresponding to equilibriumoxygen index in vacuum at given temperature.Solution of the equations in equilibrium conditions is:

- h x T J P Q 2 + Jks2 xPQ2 + Akdxksxax3 _ § —

2kdExperimental data of Kishio were digitised and parameters of the equations were

determined by fitting of experimental and calculated data. It is necessary to notice that kd wascalculated for every temperature in suggestion that kdo =1013 lie. Value of energy activation ofoxygen desorption (2.99 eV) used in data processing was experimentally determined by us in [1].As it can be seen from fig. 2 there is a good agreement between experimental and calculated data.

In addition mathematical model, describing water molecules release from doped cerates wassuggested and dependences of activation energy of water desorption on gas concentration in thematerials were calculated.

References:1. T.I. Aksenova, I.V. Khromushin, K.D. Bukenov, A.K. Berdauletov, Z.V. Medvedeva,

Thermodesorption Study of Barium and Strontium Cerates, International Conference SSPC-11, London, 2002.

2. Kishio Kohji, "Oxygen Nonstoichiometry, Defect Equilibrium and Phase Stability ofPerovskite-based Ionic and Mixed Conductors" in: Dynamic of Fast Ions in Solids ans ItsEvolution for Sold State Ionics" Report of a Priority Area Research Program (FY 1995-1997) ed. Iwahara Hiroyasu et al, September 1998, pp.23-26.

UZ0603105

RESONANCE DIFFUSION OF COMPOUND PARTICLES

Krassovitskiy P.M., Pen'kov F.M.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Recently predicted effect of the barrier transparence for the resonance energy [1,2] can bevery important for the interaction problems of the real molecular system with the surface of realmaterials [3]. In addition, there is an attractive possibility to investigate the new mechanisms forthe quantum diffusion of two-atomic molecules when usual processes of one-atomic diffusion areinhibited.

The effect of resonance transparence is based on the arising of a meta-stable state for thebounded pair and the repulsive barrier when the real part of the scattering amplitude tends tozero.

At this time the effect of resonance transparence for bounded identical bosons or particles,which are even at transposition, was considered only. In this work the effect has been expandedto the pair, which consists of identical fermions, it corresponds to the passing of Be2 moleculethrough intercrystalline barrier.

The numerical solution for the tunneling of the bounded pair with half-integer spin through theone-dimension repulsive barrier is presented. The using of canonical coordinates gives possibility to


<^> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 INP-50

reduce the problem to solution of two-dimension Schrodinger equation. The numerical solution hasbeen found with block-three-diagonal scheme of matrix chaser. The result is shown in the figure.The evident resonance dependence of the passing coefficient via energy can be observed like thepassing of boson pair through the barrier. In this case the probability of the molecular passing is notonly significantly higher than the probability of non-structure pair of particles (in figure it is "2atoms") but it is higher than probability of passing for one atom through barrier.

ID"3

Iff*

10"

io-2

Iff*

molecula1 atom2 atoms

10 20 30 40

E, osc. units

The comprising of passing through barrier for two-atomic molecule and atom beryllium.

The molecular diffusion process for the two-atomic beryllium molecule through potentialbarrier, which altitude is 4000 K and width is 1.61 A, has been considered in the frame ofpresented model (see fig.).

The inter-atomic potential has been chosen as four-order polynomial, it has givenpossibility to reproduce the average distance between particles and the lowest energetically statesof the molecular spectra. The analysis of obtained results shows that resonance passing ofberyllium molecule through the potential barrier is much more than one-particle passing and themolecular resonance diffusion is much more too than one-particle one in region of energy forquantum passing of barrier.

References:1. N. Saito and Y. Kayanuma, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 6, (1994) p.37592. F. M. Pen'kov, Phys. Rev. A 62 (2000) p.044701-1,43. G. L. Goodvin and M.R.A. Shegelski, Phys. Rev. A 71 (2005) p.032719-1,10


§g? The Sixth International Conference "Modem Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006i MPW2O06• — — ' - — " " ' - ' • " — ' " • i • • • - • • • • - . . IIVP-50

\ g RESEARCH OF nCdS/pCdTe HETEROBORDER STRUCTURESi CO

i o Muzafarova S.A., Mirsagatov Sh.A., Mahmudov M.A., Shukurov A.H.io Physical-Technical Institute of SPA "Physics-Sun", Tashkent, Uzbekistan

I Results on intermediate layer CdTei.xSx on heteroborder structures nCdS/pCdTe wereobtained with photoelectrical methods. Value of the forbidden zone Eg of solid state material canbe calculated via the fundamental edge of self-absorption. It is shown that the structure andthickness of CdTe,.x Sx strongly depends on selection of temperature of a substrate.

It is established that at temperatures of substrate Ts ~ 220-240 °C the metastable CdTe^XSX is formed, and disappears after an ultrasonic irradiation with capacity of 1 W/cm2 for 10minutes for all found solid state structures CdTe|.xSx, for which spectrum of photoconductivitynCdS/pCdTe are calculated for structure (x) and constant crystal lattices ao(x) under empiricalformulaEg= 1.74x2-1.0Ijt+1.51 and a(^)-0.6477-0.0657.

The calculated values of x and a(x) for detection of solid structures CdTe^ Sx occurred tobe between values ao(x) corresponding to sulfide of telluride of cadmium. It is shown that attemperatures of substrate Ts >I80°C on heteroborder nCdS/pCdTe a thin CdTe,.x Sx withstructure x=0.2-0.22 p.m is always formed with the gap width of Eg~1.39 eV. According tocapacitor measurements thickness of this solid state occurred to be equal to d« 2-10"3 um.

2

UZ0603107

ENERGETICALLY COMPETITIVE PATTERNSOF SILICON CLUSTERS GROWTH

Tereshchuk P.L.1. Khakimov Z.M.1, Sulaymanov N.T.1, Umarova F.T.1, Swihart M.T.1 Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

2 University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA

Nanometer-size silicon clusters attract much attention due to their technologicalimportance, in particular, as promising building blocks for nanoelectronic and nanophotonicsystems. Particularly, silicon wires are of great of interest since they have potential for use inone-dimensional quantum wire high-speed field effect transistors and light-emitting devices withextremely low power consumption. In spite of a great number of experimental studies of thesewires, their detailed atomic structures remain unknown, and they are generally assumed to beeither amorphous or to have the diamond structure of the bulk.

Recently we have suggested [1] a regular, quasi-one-dimensional growth pattern of Siclusters, that is energetically competitive with a growth pattern predicted by ab initio methods forclusters of up to 20 Si atoms. This pattern starts from Si7 with a bicapped pentagon geometry. Itreaches icosahedraJ Si]3 by sequential addition of Si atoms to complete another pentagon aboveSi7 then capping this pentagon by a sixth Si atom. Such a cluster growth can be continuedinfinitely in one direction, provided that there are no significant distortions and otherenergetically more favorable growth channels. One of them, of course, would consist of clusterswith a diamond-like core.


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 BVP-50

In this report we used computer simulations to find the maximum size to which clustersfrom this regular pattern can grow, and to identify a mechanism that restricts such a growth. Wealso comparatively studied spherical clusters with a diamond-like core. These simulations wereperformed using a combination [1] of the non-conventional tight-binding method with amolecular-dynamics approach. Note that clusters of Si,3+6 (n=0,l,2...) from the regular growth

pattern as a rule are magic ones. Hence we considered only magic clusters of this pattern, whichcan be obtained by sequentially adding the capped pentagonal motif to Si?, Si^, Sii9, etc. Forclusters with a diamond-like core, energetically unfavorable dangling bonds on their surface werepartially eliminated by dimerization or overcoordination of Si atoms with two dangling bonds.

The figure shown below depicts the geometries of the optimized clusters from the regulargrowth pattern, consisting of up to 61 atoms.

4.112 »V

The clusters are observed to be significantly distorted from the idealized growth pattern ofstacked pentagons. The distortion of clusters increases with increasing cluster size due toaccumulation of strain in the bonds between silicon atoms along the central axis of the clusters.These atoms are shown as black balls for ease of identification. In the idealized clusters, thesebonds are much shorter than would be expected based on their coordination numbers, and arecloser to the bond length in Si2 (-2.25 A). As a result these atoms tend to form a zigzag, ratherthan a straight line, leading to distortion of the pentagons formed by the surface atoms. Thiscauses very strong distortion of one end of the S125 cluster, preventing any further growth of thisend via the regular one-dimensional growth pattern [1]. In the larger clusters, this distorted endserves as a sink for accommodating further bond strains and grows more two-dimensional. In theSi49 cluster, this end contains a two-dimensional four-atom motif within its interior. In the Si6icluster, this end became almost two-dimensional. This cluster has the largest binding energy peratom (4.5 eV, which is ~0.13 eV lower than the value for bulk silicon) among clusters of thispattern; results for Si67 predict a smaller binding energy per atom than for Siei -

We found that clusters with a diamond-like core were less stable than the clusters from thisone-dimensional growth pattern, over the range of cluster sizes considered. The diamond-likestructures of the former tend to become amorphous because of a large number of surface states;the mixing of fully and partially occupied states initiates a great variety of distortions from theideal quasi-spherical diamond-like structure.

This work was supported by Uzbek Academy Sciences Fund for Supporting FundamentalResearch (No 6-06). PLT was supported by CRDF ANNJSF grant (No UZC1-2671-TA-05).

Reference:1. Z.M. Khakimov, P.L. Tereshchuk, N.T. Sulaymanov, F.T. Umarova, M.T. Swihart, Phys.

Rev. B 72, 115335(2005).


S§S<J The Sixth International Conference "Modem Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MFNP'2006 INP-50

QUANTUM THEORY OF POINT MUTATIONFORMATION MECHANISM IN DNA

UZ0603108 Oksengendler B.L.l, Turaeva N.2

'institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

According to the Lowd in-Watson-Crick mechanism of point mutation the mutation key isthe change of proton position connecting nucleotides (A and T, G and C) during the untwistingdouble DNA spirals. The proton can stay in its deep potential well (well 1) or transfer into theneighbor shallow well (well 2) realizing the tautomer configuration. The kinetics of protontransfer from the well 1 into the well 2 has the form of

dnx _

atHere nx is the occupation number of the well 1, COl2 is the probability of proton transition from

the well 1 into the well 2, <2?2i is t n e probability of proton transfer from the well 2 into the well

1. Solving the equation at initial conditions of t0 = 0, », = 1 with accounting two mechanisms ofproton transition by tunneling from one stationary level into the another one (Kagan-Maksimovand Andreev-Meyerovich mechanisms) [2], we receive the following expression

• + •T1 -t-

IT1 + e*D(hcof IT1 + 04D(h6))3

Here A is the transfer integral of hydrogen atom, 0D is the Debye temperature of DNA, T

is the temperature, ha) is the energy between oscillation levels of neighbor potential wells.Accounting the dependence of transfer integral from the replicon untwisting rate we can receivethe following expression for the probability of initial mutation

! - « , = ! - [const' + const"e-Alxexip(-B'2) ]= const" x [l - *

HereD

2T

7ho

{0D1

3

const' =T1

IT1 +eAD(ncof

const =2T1

> Y is the material constant and it is proportional to the de Boer

parameter of hydrogen atom in DNA, % is the geometric factor connecting the distance betweenwells at different degrees of spiral untwisting with replicon displacement.

In result of analysis of this expression we can write the following formula for maximummutation probability (MMP)


-§£> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 DW-50

1 - n. = const" x

The dependence of MMP on the replicon rate v has the form

A 1

l-n^consfxe

The mutation probability increases evenly from 0 to lA with temperature increasing. This isexplicable result as at high temperatures the depth difference of potential wells vanishes.

The factor of SHF influence on the process of point mutation formation in DNA is heatliberation. The temperature increasing in unit volume in dielectric is defined by the followingformula

xt S x \ 0 E f x t .dt yC

Here E is the electromagnetic field strength, f is the characterized frequency ofelectromagnetic field, g is the material density, C is the specific heat, s" is the imagine part ofmedium dielectric constant, A7" — T — To (To is the SNA temperature before irradiation). At

other types of irradiation (neutrons, ion beam) AT is calculated by thermal spike formulas (0-spike).

References:1. Ladik Ya. Quantum biochemistry for chemists and biologists. M.:Mir. 1975. 256p.2. Andreev A.F. Uspehi Fizicheskich Nauk, 1976, v. 118, p.251.

UZ0603109

STRUCTURAL FORMATION OF ALUMINIDE PHASESON TITANIUM ALLOY DURING ANNEALING

Mamaeva A.A., Romankov S.E., Sagdoldina Zh.Institute of Physics and Technology, Almaty, Kazakhstan

The aluminum layer on the surface of titanium alloy has been formed by thermaldeposition. The structural formation of aluminide phases on the surface has been studied. Thesequence of structural transformations at the Ti/Al interface is limited by the reaction temperatureand time. The sequence of aluminide phase formation is occurred in compliance with Ti-Alequilibrium phase diagram. At the initial stages at the Ti/Al interface the A13Ti alloy startsforming as a result of interdiffusion, and gradually the whole aluminum films is spent on theformation of this layer. The A13Ti layer decomposes with the increase of temperature (>600C).At 800C the two-phase (Ti3Al+TiAl) layer is formed on the titanium surface. The TiAl


Sg£> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 INP-50

compound is unstable and later on with the increase of the exposure time at 800C graduallytransforms into the Ti3Al. The chain of these successive transformations leads to the formation ofthe continuous homogeneous layer consisting of the Ti3Al compound on the surface. Attemperatures exceeding the allotropic transformation temperature (>900C) the Ti3Al compoundstarts decomposing. All structural changes taking place at the Ti/Al interface are accompanied byconsiderable changes in micro hardness. The structure of initial substrate influences on kineticsof phase transformation and microstructure development.

UZ0603110

POSSIBILITY OF METAL- INSULATORTRANSITIONS IN HOLE-DOPED CUPRATES INDUCEDBY STRONG ELECTRON CORRELATION, DISORDER

AND EXTRINSIC CARRIER SELF- TRAPPING

Dzhumanov S., Karimov M., Khudayberdiev Z.S.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

After the discovery of the doped high-Tc cuprate superconductors, it is recognized that theirsuperconducting (SC) properties are closely related to the metal-insulator transitions (MITs).Therefore the MITs in the hole-doped cuprates would be the important clue to elucidate themechanism underlying high-Tc superconductivity. The strong electron correlation and disordercan cause carrier localization and produce the MITs in doped systems, which are called the Mottand Anderson transitions [1]. The questions concerning the applicability of these two basicmechanisms for MITs to doped high-rc cuprates are still not settled [2-4]. The MITs may be alsocaused by the strong carrier-phonon-defect interactions which become dominating in polarsystems including high-^ cuprates. Here, we study the possibility of the Mott and AndersonMITs driven by the strong electron correlation (in a narrow impurity band) and disorder (in thespecial distribution of dopants) and the new MITs caused by the strong dopant (impurity)-carrier-phonon interactions. By considering the correlation and screening effects of two carriers in thesame hydrogen-like impurity center, the formation of the different superlattices of dopants andthe effect of randomness in the dopant distribution, we obtain the adequate criteria for the Mottand Anderson transitions and discuss the validity of the criteria for the MITs in hole-dopedcuprates. The new criteria for the Anderson MIT are derived taking into account the polaroniceffects in these materials. We also derived the quantitative criteria for the new MITs driven bythe strong dopant-carrier- phonon interactions which lead to the extrinsic self-trapping of carriersand the formation of large polarons and bipolarons. It is shown that the criteria for the Mott MITare not well satisfied in hole-doped cuprates. While the newly derived criteria for the AndersonMIT and the new MITs are more applicable to these polar materials. Our results are inquantitative agreement with existing well-established experimental data and shed important lighton the different mechanisms of the MITs that occur in doped polar systems, such as high-Tcoxides and related materials.

The work is supported by STCU grant U3505.

References:1. N.F. Mott, Metal-Insulator Transitions, Taylor & Francis, London, 1990.


^ The Sixth Internationa] Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPW2006 INP-50

2. P. Quemerais, Mod. Phys. Lett. B9 (1995) 1665.3. A.A. Abrikosov, Phys. Usp. 41 (1998) 605.4. S. Dzhumanov, Solid State Commun. 115 (2000) 155.

UZ0603111 .

STRONG COUPLING OF LARGE POLARONS AND BIPOLARONSIN OXIDE HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS

Dushanov E.,. Dzhumanov S.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The formation of large polarons and bipolarons in oxide high temperature superconductors(HTS) play an important role in the occurrence of high-rc superconductivity [1-3]. Thereforemany authors (see [1-3]) have studied the formation of large (bi)polarons in HTS and theirrelevance to high-Jc superconductivity. Nevertheless, the appropriate (bi)polaron wave functionsand ground-state energies of the large polaron and bipolaron have not yet been found. This workis devoted to study of these questions and the formation of large (bi)polarons in doped HTSwithin the continuum model and adiabatic approximation. The functionals of the total energies ofthe one- and two-carrier systems coupled to the optical and acoustic phonons, describing theformation of the polaronic and bipolaronic states depend on the lattice deformation andpolarization as well as on the form of trial wave functions. These functionals after minimizingwith respect to the lattice deformation and polarization have the forms

EMr)}=~— Ur^VWr--S- \^(r)d3r-— f ^ ^ W V (1)p{ W i 2m* •> W W 2K i X ^ 2e J \rr\

and

JJ V, d\,_\

K

respectively, where m* is the effective mass of a carrier, Ed is the deformation potential, K is anelastic constant, 7: = s^ /(I - rj) is the effective dielectric constant, rj =sM Iso, sm and so are thehigh frequency and static dielectric constants, ip{r) and ( n , ri) are the one- and two-electronwave functions, respectively, rt are the positions of the electron (or holes) (/ = 1,2,...).

In order to minimize the functionals (1) and (2) with respect to y/(f) and (ri , ri) the trialwave functions are chosen in the forms

Kr)=Ar,(l + flr)exp(-or) (3)

and


<%£ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'200< INP-50

where A = (f>l{ln)m and N2 - o'lijn ^/C, (j) ) are the normalization factors, y = (3/a, 0- a IOQ

and /? are variational parameters, characterizing the localization degree of carriers and thecorrelation in their motions, respectively, r\2 is the distance between the carriers, C\{j) = 1 +773197/12544+ 8I72/ 7, a0 is the lattice constant.

The binding energy of a large bipolaron is defined as EbB = \EB - 2EP\. We use the followingvalues of the parameters: ao = 6 A, m* = me, Sco^ 4, £ s 1.4-10!2dyn/cm2 [4] and £> s 7 eV [5].The other parameters are equal to Ed = 2£>/3 and 5 2 0.3179 eV, gs = 0.3624. The calculatedvalues of the characteristic energies of large acoustic-optic polarons and bipolarons are presentedin Table 1.

Table 1. Therj0.000.050.100.15

calculated values of large acoustic-opticEP

- 0.093- 0.084-0.075- 0.067

polarons andEB

- 0.287-0.236-0.190-0.150

bipolarons for different values of 77EbB

0.1010.0680.0400.016

As can be seen from Table 1, the two large polarons can form a bound state at 77 < t)c =0.18. This value of t]c can be compared with the values of rjc = 0.079-0.14 reported in theliterature [3] for a large optic bipolarons. It is seen that the stability region of a large acousto-optic bipolaron obtained by the direct variational method is much broader than the stabilityregion of a large optic bipolaron. Our results show that the trial wave functions (3) and (4) forthree-dimensional polaron and bipolaron are really good trial ones.

The work is supported by STCU grant U3505.

References:1. D. Emin, Phys.Rev.Lett. 62, 1544 (1989)2. S. Dzhumanov, Phys.Rev. B54, 13121 (1996-11)3. G. Verbist et al., Physica Scripta T39, 66 (1991)4. R.C. Baetzold, Phys.Rev. B42, 56 (1990)5. Ch. Lushchik et al., Trudy Inst.Fiz. AN EstSSR 63,137 (1989)

UZ0603112

NEUTON DIFFRACTION STUDY OF TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCEOF ATOM DISTRIBUTION IN CUBIC ZIRCONIUM CARBOHYDRIDES

Khidirov I., Sultanova S.Kh., Mukhtarova N.N., Mirzaev B.B.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Earlier we have shown that the complex distribution of interstitial atoms takes place in thecrystal lattice of cubic zirconium carbohydrides prepared by self-propagating high-temperaturesynthesis (SHS). One of the features of SHS-synthesis of inorganic compounds is high burningtemperature and fast cooling from combustion temperature after synthesis. At that, self-hardeningof the prepared product takes place, and structural state of the compound can correspond to high-


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006 * S '

temperature state. But the question about distribution of interstitial atoms over the crystalstructure of cubic carbohydrides at the relatively low temperatures (T< 1100 °C) is opened.

The aim of the present work is neutron and X-ray diffraction study of distribution ofinterstitial atoms at relatively low temperatures (T< 1100 °C).

Neutron diffraction patterns were obtained using the neutron diffractometer DN-500 of INP

AS RUz (A. = 1.085 A), and X-ray diffraction patterns - using the X-ray diffractometer DRON-

3M (A.=1.5418 A). The samples were annealed in evacuated and sealed quartz ampoules.Over the homogeneity range the samples of cubic carbohydrides were annealed at different

temperatures. The annealings up to 900 °C during 50 h at each temperature: 500, 600, 700, 800°C did not result to change of neither character of interstitial atoms distribution in the disorderedsolid solutions (space group (sp. gr.) Fm3m), nor degree of long-range order and sizes of anti-phase domains (APhD) in the ordered zirconium carbohydrides (sp. gr. Fd3m). So, at T< 900 °Cprocess of diffusion of interstitial atoms is essentially slowed down. Quenching in water afterannealing at the temperature of 1000 °C during 50 h did not lead to change of distribution ofinterstitial atoms in the disordered zirconium carbohydrides. The same annealing results toincreasing degree of long-range order (rj) of carbon sublattice in the ordered carbohydrides: up toone unit in ZrC0.63H0.28 and up to r| = 0.86 in ZrC0.71H0.i8 at practically constant value of thedegree of long-range order of hydrogen sublattice. At this temperature the sizes of APhD grow upto 210 A. It should be noted that in the initial samples the sizes of APhD are 120 and 180 A forZrCo.71H0.i8 H ZrCo.63H0.28, respectively. Hardening after annealing at 1100 °C practically leads torestoration of the initial parameters of the long-range order that is to reduction them up to thevalues corresponding to the initial SHS-products.

The obtained results on heat treatment allow one to assume: firstly, the temperature of theorder - disorder transition decreases with increasing carbon concentration, and respectively, withdecreasing of number of octahedral vacancies and so stoichiometry of the carbon ordered phasecorresponds to the stoichiometry of Z^C; secondly, the temperature of the order - disordertransition in zirconium carbohydrides is above 1100 °C.

It is shown that unlike in Zr-C system, in cubic zirconium carbohydrides the temperature ofthe order - disorder transition is much higher, and over the wide homogeneity range in thetemperature interval of 1000-500 °C the formation of trigonal ordered phase is not observed.Hence, hydrogen suppresses the formation of the ordered trigonal phase, expanding temperaturerange of stability of the ordered cubic phase.

This work was supported by the Center of Science and Technology at the Cabinet ofMinisters of Uzbekistan (the contract N° F-2.1.2).

UZ0603113

DEGRADATION MECHANISM IN HTS La2X Srx CuO 4 - CERAMICS

Karimov Z.I.1, Oksengendler B.L.21Tashkent Auto Road Institute, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

In previous experiments it was revealed that HTS critical temperature in La2.x Srx C11O4ceramics is degrading with time. Here we present the model of this phenomenon.



According to the model proposed by Oksengendler et al. (1991) HTS critical temperature ingranulated La2.x Srx CUO4 ceramics is the function of free bipolaron concentration inside thegrain n: kT°c=(h2/2m) no2/3 (the scenario of Shafroth (1956) super-conductive transition), wheren(t=0)=n0

Free carriers being captured at the grain boundaries, free bipolarons concentration ndecreases with time and so does critical temperature T c .

Kinetic equation describing this process is:dn/dt=-ns/r

s_> - nn ha-^+ni/t

1->; n=n s+nn+ni ; n»ni ,

where ns, nn - bipolaron concentration in superconductive and normal phases , iij - concentrationof carriers captured by traps; Ts_ , Tn_ - average lifetime of bipolarons in superconductive andnormal phases respectively, T ' _ - average time of the carriers to be back from the traps to thegrains.

Kinetic equation for n (t) under initial condition n(t=0)=n0 has the solutionn ( t ) = n o [ y + ( l - Y ) e x p ( - t / T ) ] = n O ( f > ( t ) ; 7 = L

1/ 9 = 1 / TS^ * 1/(1+^ /TT) + 1/ TD^ * 1/(1+

where Tf and T are times of bipolaron movement from normal to superconductive phase andvice versa.

Joining the above mentioned equations one can getkTc(t)=(h2/2rn)[n(t)]2/3=h2n0

2/3 [<|>(t)]2/3/2mand

(T°c-Tc)/ T°c=5Tt/ T°c=l-[ (p(t)]2/3

Time for T°c decrease by 5TC can be described as t*:t*=9 In {(l-y)/[(l- 5TC/ T£)

3/2- Y]}Final degradation (t—>oo) results in the following Tc value:

kTc(oo)=[h2n02/3/2m] (G/TL) 2 / 3

Our estimations show that T°c can depredate up to the helium temperature during the widerange of time intervals t* (10s -*- 1020

c) depending on y.TTie work is supported by STCU grant U3505.

UZ0603114

NEUTRON DIFFRACTION STUDY OF PHASERELATIONSHIP OF Ti-C-H SYSTEM

Khidirov I.1, Mukhtarova N.N.1, Mirzaev B.B.1, Serikbaev B.T.1,Zaginaichenko S.Yu.2, Schur D.V.2, Pishuk V.K.2,

Kuzmenko L.V.2, Garbuz V.V.2, Nuzhda S.V.2, Pishuk O.V.2

institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2Institute for Problems of Materials Science, Kiev, Ukraine

Due to such properties as high temperature of melting, solidity, stability in aggressiveenvironments, etc., titanium carbide is widely used in modern techniques. It is necessary to knowthe phase relationships in Ti-C system for scientifically proved using. According to the phasediagram of Ti-C system, there are three phases in it: the solid solutions of carbon in thehexagonal lattice of oc-Ti and in the body-centered cubic (BCC) lattice of p-Ti with rather limited


• ^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 _ _ W

solubility and also the face-centered cubic (FCC) titanium carbide TiCx with wide homogeneityrange (TiCo,32 * TiCi,oo)- A number of the ordered phases was observed on the basis of FCC-phase. It isknown, that even insignificant hydrogen impurity strongly influences at the phase relations in Ti-C system. At the same time because of specificity of some technologies of titanium carbidereception, it contains an impurity of hydrogen in its composition. However influence of hydrogenon phase relations of Ti-C system is not investigated enough.

The aim of the work is to study hydrogen influence on the phase relations in Ti-C system byneutron (X =1.085 A) and X-ray (X =1.5418 A) diffraction methods. Samples of TiCxHy (x =C/Ti,y - H/Ti) were synthesized in the wide interval of carbon and hydrogen concentrations (0,1< C/Ti < 0,47; 0,1 < H/Ti < 0,90) by sintering method from the powder of titanium of PTS trade-mark containing 0,35 mass % of hydrogen, by addition both of given quantity of TiH2 and of sootof the trade-mark "very pure"; the samples were studied by neutron and X-ray diffractionmethods. Quartz ampoules with briquettes of the samples were pumped out up to vacuum of1.33X10"4 Pa at the room temperature and were sintered in the furnace using the special regimeselected by us. The briquettes were annealed from the temperature of 600 °C. As our experimentsshow, at this temperature the formation of Ti2Ci_xH2-x solid solution and rapid absorption ofhydrogen by this solution were observed. Also at this temperature the sintering process is veryactive. Later on, the step increasing of temperature was carried out till 1000 °C with a step of 100°C. The briquettes were exposed during 24 h at each temperature. With increasing temperature upto 800-1000 °C the pressured powder became well sintered and hydrogen emission from thesample was prevented. The final product was prepared after the annealing at 1000 °C followed byquenching in water. Compound of the samples was controlled by chemical analysis andcompound of the single-phase samples also was controlled by minimizing the divergence factorsof structure determination using neutron diffraction patterns.

It is established that at hardening from 1000 °C in the samples with low concentration of Cand H (JC < 0.10 andy< 0.17) the solid solution of C and H in BCC (3-Ti (with impurity of FCC-TiCxHy-phase) is formed. This metastable phase is stable enough at the room temperature. It isshown that at carbon concentration of 0.30 < x < 0.50 and y > x in Ti-C-H system the orderedhexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure is stabilized, and at>> < x it is FCC-phase.

It is found that in the concentration interval of 0.30 < x < 0.50 and y > x over the widetemperature range the TiCxHy compounds have the ordered HCP structure corresponding toformula Ti2Ci-zH2-z. The crystal structure of the phase is described within the framework of spacegroup P3ml, where metal atoms are strongly displaced along c axis (zMe=0.234±0.001) withrespect to their ideal positions (z ,-a =1/4). Step annealing of the single-phase solid solutions attemperatures of 700-600-500 °C during 24 h leads to decay of the samples, having concentrationC/Ti<0.43, the hydride phases being separated. Hence, the ordered solid solution Ti2Ci.xH2.y isstable at concentrations 1.00>C/Ti>0.43 (near carbon stoichiometry Ti2C), but it is metastable atconcentrations 0.30<C/Ti<0.43.

Compound TiCxHy at concentrations 0.45 < x < 0.55 and y < x can have both disordered (sp.gr. Fm3m) and ordered FCC-structure (sp. gr. Fd3m) depending on temperature. At temperatureslower than 600 °C the decay of cubic titanium carbohydrides with reparation of hexagonal solidsolution is observed. It is interesting to note that at temperatures lower than 500 °C in metastablecubic carbohydrides the formation of long-period structure (of the ordered antiphase domains) isobserved.

The work was supported by Science and Technology Center of Ukraine, Project N° Uzb-1310').


<$Q The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006 <^pMPNP'200« INP-50

RADIATION EFFECTS ON VIBRATION SPECTRA OF SILICA

inllllllWlPlllMlll Abdukadi.vaI.Kh.UZ0603115 Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The radiation effects in spectroscopy of different modifications of silica are studiedinsufficiently and it is necessary to develop this investigations. In most cases authors examine theinfluence on luminescence and absorption of silica crystal or glass. They usually use smallirradiation doses, different samples and different irradiation sources, mostly applying gamma-irradiation and ion implantation . In particular there is no exhaustive information about problemof neutron-activated phase transition in the crystalline silica by method of vibration spectroscopy,when the silica subjected to long time exposition in nuclear reactors channel.

In this work nonlinear effects of light scattering in the crystalline modification silica (CS) atneutron-activated phase transition were studied. As a results of the high fluxes of fast neutronsbombardment the alpha-phase transformed into another crystalline phase. This process ofradiation damage of crystalline structure has been studied by vibration spectroscopic methods.The vibration spectra were measured before and after irradiation with the fluxes (F) of samples.

The influence of radiation on spectral characteristics of CS crystalline lattice of mainvibrations: intensity R, frequency v in region of low frequencies 100-400 cm"1 was studied. It isshown that neutron irradiation of crystals to the neutron fluxes from lxlO19 cm"2 to lxlO20 cm"2

strongly influences on their vibration spectra. Radiation effect on the parameters R, v of lines inthis region (at frequencies of 265(E), 357(A) cm"1) was determined.

For example dose dependencies of spectral characteristics for the sort modes at 265(E) cm"1

are investigated. It can be seen from this curves that at the initial stage of irradiation theseparameters change little. Noticeable changes of functions v(F) and R(F) occur for F>1019 cm"2,when a rapid phase transition takes place.

It is found that the both dose dependencies exhibit breaks and then at some critical point (Fc=7.1019 cm"2) these parameters are not registered, and one can see nonlinear changes of thesecurves. It was seen from the series of determined spectra that at this critical point spectroscopicparameters of lines are highly transformed and many bands disappear (for instance 265, 357 cm"1

). It can be seen from curves R;(F)-radiation changed for this modes to very nonmonotonously inthe dose range, where according to XRD - X-ray diffraction methods of a data the phase of a - {3transition occurs.

The results on both lines (v = 265(E), 357(A) cm"1) and for other lines are analyzed incomparison with the vibration spectra of the single crystal silica temperature dependence. It issupposed that in a-phase samples irradiated to fluxes near Fc the p-phase silica-like structure isformed, whereas at neutron-activated phase transition in the crystalline silica a high change of theinner vibration in S1O4 molecules is established.

The work was done under the grant of Uzbekistan CST F-2.1.2


MPNP'2006


RADIATION CHANGED ELECTRICAL PROPERTIESOF THE VITREOUS DIELECTRIC MATERIALS

Abdukadirova I.Kh.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Taskent, Uzbekistan UZ0603116

In this paper the results of the ionizing radiation influence on the electrical properties of avitreous dielectric (c-SiC>2) in a whole temperature and dose range are presented.

The result of the direct-current conduction (a) of two types (I and I I ) samples c-SiO2

prior and after irradiated doses D= 1 • 104 Gy is received in the whole temperature range T- 25 to400 °C. Comparison of function o-i(l/T) H CJ2O/T) for non-irradiated and irradiated specimens,respectively, allows us to conclude that the effect of radiation leads to some decrease of the <jvalue.

The treatment of a graphs a(l/T) for gamma irradiated samples was shown that thesegraphs can be described by a following formula:

a = A-exp(-B/T) + a-P-T3/2. (1)We calculated constant values (a, A, B) in this formula and the activation energy Ea of the

conduction process. In general, the calculated values are typical for vitreous dielectric. However,the values of some constants are closer to those for crystals (A,B) and ceramics (a,E). The valuesof activation energy in the high temperature region (i.e. in the region with steeper dependence)have been obtained as follows: Ea = 1,02 eV and Ea = 1,00 eV for non-irradiated and irradiatedspecimens, respectively. The calculated results allow us to conclude that the character ofelectrical conduction of radiation-treated vitreous dielectric has not changed significantly.

A study of the influence of higher gamma radiation doses (constant radiation power P=8Gy/s) on the electrical conduction of vitreous dielectric is of particular interest.

The results of measurements of a for samples at an approximately constant temperature,varying the absorbed dose from 1 • 103 to 1 • 106 Gy, are shown in tablel.

Table 1. Radiation-thermal dependence of the electrical conduction of irradiated samplesfor several temperatures, 1/ (Om.m)

TUC50100150

103

7,8-10"13

3,9-10-n

2.0-10'11

104

5,2-lO'13

l,3-10'12

1,7-10""

D,Gy

105

3,9-10'13

7,8-10"13

l,6-1042

7,1,

9,

106

8-10"13

3-10'12

MO"12

A characteristic feature of the dose dependence of a specimens studied, is a rj(D) non-linearity. A critical point is found at D = MO5 Gy. A gradual decrease of ionization effectivenessapparently occurs during the initial period of irradiation. Then, at the irradiation dose increase,the ionization effectiveness also increases. It can be seen from table 1 that such radiation kineticsof electrical conduction takes place at T < 150°C. Therefore, a «small dose effect» is observedunder the experimental conditions described, when the electrical conduction of a specimendecreases with the radiation dose increase. This result determined as well as their presentation ina materials after the irradiation has been demonstrated.

199Section n. Radiation Physics of Condensed Matter

<£§? The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNF'2006 ^ _ _ ^ _ _ _ INP-50

The dose dependence of optical and electrical parameters was compared and the nature ofcharge carriers was discussed. The change of those dielectric parameters (for example, tg5) upontemperature and frequency of non-irradiated and irradiated materials has been found out. Theobtained results have been analyzed in the framework of the known models of change transfer.

The work was supported by the contract of Uzbekistan CST F-2.1.2

UZ0603117

INFLUENCE OF CRYSTAL TARGET ON THE CHARACTERISTICSOF IONS IN LASER - PLASMA

Bedilov M.R., Beysembaeva H.B., Sabitov M.S.Institute of Applied Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The process of plasma formation at moderate density laser radiation on a surface of a targetis interconnected to destruction of the latter. Therefore various static and dynamic defects ofvarious static targets can obviously influence efficiency of processes occurring at interaction oflaser radiation with a target.

We investigate influence of structural defects of a target on process of its interaction withneodymium laser radiation (1 = 1.06 u.m). The structural defects in a studied sample are createdby radiation reactor of 1015-1020 neutrons /cm2. Coronado was chosen as object of researches as itis possible to find out not only influence of structural defects created by neutrons, but also toestimate a role y- component of reactor radiation.

The radiation of a neodymium laser (pulse length T~ 50 ns, pulse energy 3 J) was focusedon the surface of a sample. The radiation intensity at the target surface (q) was varied by usingneutral density filters between 1-100 GW/cm2. Electronic and ion currents were studied togetherwith charge and power distributions of multiply charged ions scattered in structure of formedplasma.

Measurement of electronic and ion currents was conducted by a collector method and thecharge and energy characteristics of ions were analysed by the technique of time-of- flight massspectrometry.

The dominant role of structural defects, which influence the interaction efficiency, inmodifying the properties of investigated targets was clearly demonstrated by the results obtainedwith an Al 2O3 target (corundum). For example, y -ray irradiation of corundum of 1010 R, whichdoes not induce structural disruptions in it, has no effect on the charge Zmax of Al and O ions. Bycontrast, when the laser radiation with the same q acts on a reactor-irradiated sample, the charge-state distributions of Al and O ions are broader than they are prior to reactor irradiation. Inparticular, when an unexposed AI2 O3 sample was irradiated at q =10u W cm"2, Zmax for O and Alwas respectively 4 and 3; when the target was per-exposed to a fluency 2.1018 neutrons /cm2, theintensity of ion-produced signals recorded from plasma increased in comparison with the plasmaof an unexposed sample while the charge- state spectrum itself was supplemented by the lines ofO5+-O7+,Al4+ions.

The influence of structural disruptions is also confirmed by the results obtained on recoveryannealing of reactor - irradiated corundum. When irradiating AI2O3 previously exposed toneutrons at the specified fluency and annealed for lh at 6000°C, the ion charge state of theresultant plasma is somewhat lower than prior to annealing but higher than it was prior to neutron



irradiation. If a sample thus annealed subsequently exposed to additional y-irradiation with adose up to 108 R, the O5+-O7+ ions recorded as before in the plasma produced at q =10n W/cm2.

A comparison of the ion energy spectra of the plasma produced from a per- irradiated targetand the plasma from an initial (unexposed) sample revealed that radiation processing of thesample to be studied is reflected in the regularities of ion formation. The energy distribution ofthe Al and O ions produced by irradiation of corundum previously exposed to y-rays is identicalto that observed with an unexposed AI2O3. An investigation of the energy spectra of the plasmaorigination from a reactor- irradiated target showed that ions with any Z value are characterizedby distribution broadening owing to the addition of low- and high- energy ions with increase inthe radiation dose. Apart from that, there occurs a reduction of the minimum energy Emjn requiredof an ion with a given Z to escape the dense plasma region.

UZ0603118

EXPERIMENTAL INSTALLATION FOR INVESTIGATIONOF SOLID-STATE LASER PERFORMANCE EFFICIENCY

UNDER ACTIVE IRRADIATION MODE

Brodin M.S.2, Bedilov M.R.1, Beysembaeva H.B.1, Negriyko A.M.2, Sabitov M.S.1

institute of Applied Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2Institute of Physics, Kiev, Ukraine

The devices based on generation electromagnetic fluctuation of the compelled radiationlasers are called. Laser is essentially new sources of radiation.

Solid-state laser includes several components: an active element, gaffer, source ofexcitation, reflecting mirrors. All of them bring in the essential contribution to reliability ofoperation of laser, as influence both parameters stimulated radiation, and on all generationprocess as a whole.

At use of the solid-state laser in extreme conditions, including those under direct radiation,all above listed components of a laser are exposed to its influence. Clearly, before moving toconsideration of operation laser in the given conditions, it is necessary to have preciserepresentation about influence of the certain kind of radiation on each element. This requirementis caused by the circumstance that failure of such sensitive to quantum electronics device, at itsoperation in extreme conditions is defined by a number of degradation processes simultaneouslyproceeding in all components of lasers. Therefore in this case hypothesis about small probabilityof simultaneous occurrence of two or more failures of separate furnishing elements of the laserhas no a place. At lasers operation in a field of radiation it is necessary to know, whichcomponent of the given quantum device most intensively proceeds degradation the processdetermining reliability of the used laser in the specified conditions.

As the analysis it has shown this task can be solved only in complex way, on the based onuniform methodological approach ensuring reception of self-consistent results. Based on theseprinciples it is necessary to investigate all probable degradation processes, which can proceed ineach component of the laser during of its operation in general and under radiation in particular.


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPWP'2006

With this purpose the small-sized laser head was designed allowing researches under radiation(active mode of irradiation), and without it (passive mode of an irradiation).

The basic circuit of experimental installation allowing the research in "passive", and in"active" modes of irradiation is given in figure for a case of influence by an electronic beam,where 1- gas laser; 2- flat mirrors; 3- lighting heads with an active element; 4- rejecting plates; 5-calorimeter; 6- charge device; 7- condensers; 8-block of start; 9- FEM; 10-oscillograph; 11-power units FEM; 12- spectrograph.

12

UZ0603119

NEUTRON DIFFRACTION STUDY OF TETRAGONAL e-Ti2Nlx-PHASE

Khidirov I., Mukhtarova N.N., Sultanova S.Kh., Kholmedov M.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Till now it is considered in literature that in Ti-N system there is the strictly stoichiometric s-Ti2N-phase with tetrahedral structure of anti-rutile (TiC>2)-type (space group P42/mnm). So, wehave attempted to obtain s-phase near the composition of N/Ti = 0.5. However the annealing ofthe obtained samples with concentration 0.45<N/Ti<0.55 at temperatures 1470-1170 K during 15days has not led to formation of pure s-phase: the samples were consisted of two phases s + 8,where 8 has the face-centered cubic structure. But the samples with compositions of 0.38 < N/Ti< 0.42 consisted of only s-phase after such annealing and quenching in water. In the figure theneutron diffraction pattern of s-Ti2No.go -phase is shown. The results of processing of the neutrondiffraction patterns of the samples with concentration 0.38<N/Ti<0.42 by Full-profile analysis(Ritveld method) confirm the data of chemical analysis about composition of the studied samples(E-phase).


<g$ The Sixth Internationa] Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 ENP-SO

I,arb.units.

II II III III Ml III II

26. 3 0 . 4 0 . 56. 6 8 . 7 0 . Aon

Fig. Neutron diffraction pattern of e-T^No.so-phase. Solid line and dots - calculated andexperimental values of diffraction intensity, A - difference between calculated andexperimental intensities. Above peaks the Miller indices of reflecting planes are indicatedfor space group P42/mnm.

Thereby, s-phase is in fact nonstochiometric; so, one can suppose that during longannealing it will tend to stoichiometry and will decay. However the annealing by regime: (1270 K-> 1170 K -> 1070 -») during 24 h -> (970 K -> 920 K -» 870 K -» 770 ->) during 48 h -> 720K 168 h -> 670 K 196 h (in all, over temperature interval 1270-670 K during 608 h) has not led toany change of X-ray and neutron diffraction patterns. Hence, s-phase is stable nonstoichiometriccompound and its homogeneity range is shifted far to the left side of stoichiometric compoundTi2N - to the concentration interval of 0.38<N/Ti<0.42. It follows from this, that it is necessary todescribe s-phase by the formula e-Ti2Ni_y where y = 0.24- -0.16.

This work was supported by the Supporting Fund for Fundamental Researches ofUzbekistan Academy of Sciences (grant N° 3-06).

UZ0603120

INFLUENCE OF y- RADIATION ON THE RECOMBINATIONPROPERTIES OF p-TYPE NICKEL DOPED SILICON

Kurbanov A.O., Karimov M.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

It is well known that the life-time of the charge carriers is most sensitive parameter of thesemiconductors. The results of numerous investigations show that by irradiation of the multi-crystal silicon with high-energy particles (electrons, protons, y- quanta) the life-time of the minorcharge carriers appreciably decreases. Ones think that the reason of such effect is the generationof the recombination radiation defects by irradiation. In this connection in this work theinvestigation of the nickel doped silicon with various post-diffusion cooling is performed.

203Section fl*. Radiation Physics of Condensed Matter

• ^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'100< INP-50

As an initial material the p- Si<B> with -10 Ohm-cm specific resistance was used. Thedislocation density is taken to be ~104 cm"2. Doping of silicon by nickel carried out in thetemperature range of 1050- -1150 °C with succeeding I and II type cooling. The life-time of thecharge carriers was determined using the stationary photoconductivity method.

It is discovered that the life-time of the charge carriers in p-Si<B,Ni> is longer than that inthe control silicon as well as T slightly increases by increasing of the nickel's atoms concentration(in these samples the acceptor centers concentration changes in the range of l,5.1014 +• 3,5.1014

cm"3). This effect is explained on a basis of investigations of the photoconductivity relaxationkinetics (at 70 K) by the capture of the charge carriers to the sticking level.

It is revealed that the relative life-time changing is appreciably various one from other in Iand II type samples. In the rapid cooled samples x more stable than slow cooled samples. In therapid cooled samples x more stable than slow cooled samples up to doze ~ 2,5-108 R.

UZ0603121

EMISSION OF WATER CLUSTERS:MOLECULAR DYNAMIC SIMULATION

Kutliev U.O., Kalandarov K.S.State University, Urgench, Uzbekistan

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a wonderful technique for providing massspectrometric information of molecules on surfaces. Theoretical studies of the keV bombardmentof organic films on metallic surfaces have contributed to our understanding of the mechanismsgoverning these processes. Many experiments of keV bombardment, however, are performedboth thick and thin organic targets[ 1 ].

Molecular systems investigated experimentally by SIMS include adsorbed films on a metalsubstrate, molecular solids, polymers, or even biological cells. In this account, we focus on thinorganic layers on metal substrates as they are used for analytical purposes, are intriguing from afundamental viewpoint, and are computationally tractable[2].

There are we present molecular dynamics (MD) simulations aimed at obtaining such amicroscopic picture and mass spectrum of sputtering particles. Because of the importance of H2Oin many of the experiments, we have chosen it as our system. Water is also attractive as a systembecause of the extensive literature available on its physical properties. The interaction potentialsavailable for MD simulations of H2O are sufficiently reliable such that a quantitative analysis ofthe simulation results can be directly related to the parameters of water. From the variety ofsubstrate materials used in different experiments, we have chosen to perform our simulationsusing Au. This substance is chosen to match preliminary experiments with the selective killing ofcells by inserted Au nanoparticles and because of the availability of good interaction potentialsfor gold. In the simulations, we bombarded by ions Ar the surface Au(l 11) covered by ice film.

The interaction potential employed to describe the H2O-H2O interaction is the simple-point-charge (SPC) water potential developed by Berendsen et al.[3] This potential has been usedextensively to study the properties of H2O as a solid[4,5]. It has been shown that the SPCpotential is able to reproducemany of the properties of bulk H2O [6]. In the SPC model, themolecular interaction potential Umter consists of an electrostatic component /electrostatic describing


<^> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MfflP'2006 _ _ __ _ INP-50

the charge-charge interaction between pairs of atoms in the two molecules. In order to describethe dispersion and repulsive interactions between the two oxygen sites, a Lennard- Jones functionUu is included.

The Au-Au interactions are represented by the MD/Monte Carlo corrected effectivemedium (MD/MC-CEM) potential function for fee metals[7]. For metal- water systems has beendeveloped a potential by Spohr[8]. The Spohr potential consist a Morse function combined with acorrugation term defining various surface sites for the oxygen-surface interaction and a repulsiveterm for the hydrogen -surface interaction. For our calculation we used modified Spohr function.Because we need the metal atoms to move and interact the water molecules, we have modifiedthe Spohr function so that the interactions are pairwise additive between the O and H atoms in theH2O molecule and the metal atoms.

The process of sputtering water molecules from the metal surface have been investigated bycomputer simulation. For the 2 layers water molecules on the Au(l 11) have been obtained massspectra secondary particles. The mass spectra consists peaks corresponding to the both watermolecules and clusters. On the mass spectra also observed peaks of gold atoms. The visualobservations shown that at the bombardment observed " small iceberg" 's which can notregistered by mass detectors. These results are of interest for mass spectrometry of molecules,study of surfaces, biological molecules and medical procedures.

References:1. H.M. Urbassek, W.O. Hofer, Det kongelige Danske Vid. Selsk. Mat. Fys. Medd. 43 (1993),

972. J.C. Vickerman, D. Briggs, A. Henderson, Surface Spectra: Manchester, 1998; (a) pp 39-46.

(b) p2:3.1-4. (c)p 3:3.29. (d)p3:5.13A.3. H. J. C.Berendsen, J. P. M., Postma, W. F.van Gunsteren, J.Hermans. in Intermolecular

Forces; Pullman, B., Ed.; Reidel: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1981.4. R. W.Impey, M.L.Klein, T.S. Tse. J. Chem. Phys. 1984, £7,8406.5. M.Lombardero,C. Martin, S.Jorge, F.Lado, E.Lomba. J. Chem.Phys. 1999,110, 1148.6. A.Wallqvist, O. Teleman. Mol. Phys. 1991, 74, 515.7. 12. E.Spohr. J. Mol. Liq. 1995, 64, 91.

UZ0603122

NEUTRON DIFFRACTION STUDYOF TiNo.40Ho.19D0.19 SOLID SOLUTION

Khidirov I.1, Mukhtarova N.N.1, Padurets L.N.2, Shilov A.L.2,Zaginaichenko S.Yu.3, Schur D.V.3, Pishuk V.K.3

'institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2 Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia

3Institute for Problems of Materials Science, Kiev, Ukraine

It is of interest to study the distribution of hydrogen isotopes in solid solutions of nitrogenand hydrogen in a-Ti lattice by neutron diffraction. Results of this research can give theimportant information about the role of hydrogen and solvent atoms as well as of straininteraction energy of interstitial atoms in the formation of structure and phase relationship in


The Sixth International Conference "Modem Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006 u^jhMPNP'2006

hydrogen - containing solid solutions of nitrogen in a-Ti. The aim of the present work is neutronand X-ray diffraction study of distribution of interstitial atoms in a-Ti lattice when isotopiccompound of hydrogen atoms is shifted, namely in TiN0.40H0.19D0.19.

Neutron diffraction patterns were obtained using the neutron diffractometer DN-500 of INPAS RUz (X = 1.085 A), X-ray patterns - using the X-ray diffractometer DRON-3M (X = 1.5418A). The treatment of neutron diffraction patterns was carried out using the Rietweld full-profileanalysis (program of DBW 3.2). The sample was prepared by Siverts method in the Institute ofGeneral and Inorganic Chemistry of RAS.

According to X-ray diffraction pattern, the sample was single-phase and had hexagonal unitcell (a = 3.009; c = 4.875 A). Neutron diffraction pattern of the solid solution was indexed withinthe framework of space group P3ml. The neutron diffraction pattern can be accounted for onlyif to assume that all nitrogen atoms locate in the octahedral interstices \(a) with coordinates 0, 0,0; and hydrogen and deuterium isotopes locate in one type of tetrahedral interstices of two - 2 (d)

- with coordinates 1/3,2/3, z; 2/3, 1/3, , but with different coordinate z: zH = 0.795±0.007 and zD

= 0.582±0.004. At that, the divergence factors on Bragg maxima R&. - 5.9 %. If to assume that Nand D have identical coordinate z, firstly, Rsr increases up to 20 %; secondly, at that the error ofdetermining z sharply increases, so that dz ~ z. Therefore, the crystal structure of the sampleunder study is analogous with the structure which was earlier determined for the ordered solidsolutions TiNxHy and TiNxDy; but as distinct from them, in TiN0.40H0.19D0.11 (with combinedisotopic composition) a peculiar splitting of tetrahedral positions 2 (d) is observed.

The work was supported by Science and Technology Center of Ukraine, Project N° Uzb-131(j) and Russian Foundation for Fundamental Researches, Project 05-08-33589a.

UZ0603123

ELECTROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF nCdS/pCdTe HETEROSYSTEM

Muzafarova S.A.Physical-Technical Institute of SPA "Physics-Sun", Tashkent, Uzbekistan

In this work results of research of electrophysical properties nCdS/pCdTe heterostructureare given. It is shown that at density of current 10"8-I0'5A.cm"2 voltamper characteristics inheterosystem CdTe/CdS is described by thermoionic law, and in the range 10"4-10'2 A.cm"2 thecurrent in heterostructure is limited by recombination in electronic neutral part of high-resistanceof solid structure CdTei.xSx. Certain life time zp and length of diffusion Lp of nonbasic currentcarriers in solid structure CdTei.xSx, as well as superficial recombination rate v^ on border ofsection between CdS and solid structures were considered at influence of irradiation and y-quantaon the mechanism of current in nCdS/pCdTe heterostructure. From the analysis of dependencedoze of sites the direct volt-ampere characteristics were obtained. It is shown that monotonousincrease of doze of irradiation and y-quanta leads to nonmonotonous change of microparametersof nCdS/pCdTe heterostructure, superficial recombination rate- v#, values of both tp and lengthsof diffusion Lp of nonbasic carriers of potential barrier - q(ps . On border of CdTei-xSx there isCdS-solid structure.


$j& The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 .

EXAMINATION OF THE CONTAMINANT COMPOSITION H j £AND THE CHEMICAL STATE OF CADMIUM TELLURIDE (CdTe) j§ §

LAYERS ON MOLYBDENUM BACKING SYNTHESIZED jg §FROM THE STEAM PHASE BY APPLYING THE METHOD § = ^

OF ELECTRONIC AUGE SPECTROSCOPY jg

Aliev A., Mirsagatov Sh., Muzafarova S.A., Abduvayitov A., Kurbanov F.F, Xatamov D.O.Physical-Technical Institute of SPA "Physics-Sun ", Tashkent, Uzbekistan

It is generally known that CdTe layers are widely used for the production ofmultilayered semi conducting structures of the Mo-CdTe-CdS type, which, in turn, are neededfor the creation of semi conducting photosensitive devices.

In the works [1,2], the authors demonstrate the way, in which the technologicalthermodynamic balance of CdTe layers' stoichiometrical composition is ensured by means of thecondensation-from-the steam phase method. These layers can be synthesized in bothpolycrystalline and monocrystalline states in the stream of hydrogen [3]. Judging by the dimplesresultant from the steam etching process and the results of roentgen structural analysis, it wasdetermined that the crystalline structure of the CdTe compound consists of two crystallinemodifications: cube-shaped and hexagonal. Factors such as the contaminant composition and thechemical state of CdTe play a major role in the improvement of photosensitivity of the Mo-CdTe-CdS structure.

In this connection, the authors have examined the concentration ratio of CdTe componentswith regard to each other, their contaminant composition and chemical state using the EOSmethod.

Vacuum in the electronic AUGE spectrometry camera was obtained with the help of the oil-free pumping system, with the level of vacuum being within the limits of 3,510-9 Torr. To receiveAUGE spectra of the material under examination (target), a Yuz - Rozhansky type electronicanalyzer characterized by a good rarefying capacity was used.

The surface of the examined material (CdTe) was cleaned by heating and, in some cases,by ion etching, i.e. layer-by-layer removal of the material under examination (target) by ionbombardment. The surface of the examined material was heated by electron bombardment fromthe back of the target. The degree of cleaning of the material under examination, in particular theCdTe compound, was assessed by the absence (or emergence) of AUGE-peaks of carbon, oxygen,nitrogen and other elements in the AUGE-spectrum of electrons. The AUGE-spectrum ofelectrons was recorded in accordance with the dynamic method with the help of a PDS-1201type two-coordinate plotter. The AUGE-spectrum of electrons was decoded in accordance withthe calculation method and, in some cases, with the help of OGE-spectra of electrons.

Shows the OGE-spectrum of CdTe, which was cultivated on the surface of Mo byevaporating the initial materials Cd and Te in the form of powder with the help of theirbombardment by a beam of electrons with initial energy E=2.8 keV . It can be seen that, apart fromintensive (low-energy) and high-energy AUGE-peaks of Cd and Te, there are AUGE-peaks ofcontaminants such as P, S, Cl, K, C, O, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni. Assessment of their AUGE-peaksshowed that concentration of these contaminant elements in the CdTe alloy is within the limitsbelow 10-4 at%.

For the CdTe layer, the authors determined a concentration ratio of elements with regard toeach other. Using the method of quantitative element analysis of solids with the help of AUGE-spectroscopy, they calculated concentration levels of Cd and Te in the composition of CdTe


n$P The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006

MPNP'2006 __ _ nVP-50

cultivated on the Mo backing. Summing up, the following conclusions can be drawn: quantitativechemical analysis carried out with the help of the AUGE-spectroscopy method makes it possible toobtain more accurate data on relative concentration of alloy components as compared with themethods used in the work. This method is much simpler than others. On the basis of theundertaken examination of chemical shifts in OGE-peaks in the spectrum, it was determinedthat heating of the CdTe alloy at temperature exceeding 1,200° K leads to partial oxidation ofCd and Te atoms.

It was also found that partial oxidations of the CdTe layer's surface results in deterioration ofsome physical and chemical properties of CdTe layers synthesized on the Mo backing.

For the denominator of the above expression, it is necessary to sum the J/S ratio for allfound AUGE-peaks for each element in the spectrum.

Calculation results showed that the relative 1 concentration levels of components in the CdTealloy reached 63 per cent of Te atoms and 37 per cent of Cd atoms. When comparing the figures ofrelative concentration of CdTe components with the data obtained by the authors with help of othermethods [1,2], one can see that the indicators measured are well coherent. To find out the degree ofCdTe layer's temperature resistance, the authors examined changes in relative concentration of thecompound's components at various temperatures (300° -1500 ° K) and time of fixation (10-30min.). The latter was received after thermal processing at temperature 1200 ° K within 25-30min. It is clearly seen that after such thermal processing, there appear satellite (additional) OGE-peaks near the OGE-peaks of Te and Cd. The emergence of such additional peaks is a result ofpartial oxidations of Te and Cd atoms, which, in turn, start combining with O atoms under theinfluence of heating temperature.

References:1. Muzafarova S.A. Photoelectric devices on the CdTe basis. Transactions of the

conference dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the Academy of Sciences of theRepublic of Uzbekistan and the Physical-Technical Institute, November 27-28, Tashkent, 2003,pp. 386-388.

2. Zhanabergenov Zh., Karazhanov S. Muzafarova S.A. at all. The Effect of Radiation on theProperties of p-n-p Structures Based on Polycrystalline Cadmium Telluride. TechnicalPhysics Letters. Vol. 29, No 11, 2003, pp. 917-919.

3. Zhanabergenov Zh., Karazhanov S. Muzafarova S.A. at all. Effect of y-Radiation onPhotoelectrical Properties of nCdS-pCdTe Solar Cells. The 5th International Conferenceon Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics, Book of Abstract, Samarkand, August 12-15,2003,B.I 92,

U20603125

INFLUENCE OF PRETREATMENT TEMPERATURE CYCLINGON THE RADIATING DEFECT FORMATION

IN SILICON DOPED BY SAMARIUM

Abdurakhmanov K.P., Nazyrov D.E.National University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The raise of thermal and radiation stability as it is known, is one of actual problems ofphysics semiconductors. Recently it is established, that the rare-earth elements (REE) raise a



stability of silicon to exterior action. In this connection the investigation of silicon doped REE bysamarium and influence on its properties of heat treatments and radiation exposure is important.

In sectional operation the outcomes of investigations of influence of samarium on thermal(600°C are reduced; 600°+900°C; 900°C; 900°C+600°C; 1100°C; 600°C+900°C+1100°C; 900°C+600°C+1100°C) thermal defect formation and radiation defect formation (exposure of y-quanta60Co) both in beforehand wrought, and in thermally unfinished samples. After each cycle of heattreatments samples cool fast (throwing off in oil) or slowly (together with the furnace).

Doping n-silicon REE by gadolinium and samarium was carried out during cultivation. Theconcentration of gadolinium and samarium in silicon, on sectional of a neutron-activationanalysis was equaled 1014—51018 cm"3. As control is model monocrystal silicon such as KEP-15-r50. Para-meters of deep levels originating in control and doped REE samples, both past heattreatment or temperature cycling, and irradiated by the y-quanta are defined by methods of acapacity spectroscopy: DLTS and IRC.

The obtained outcomes have shown, that in irradiated with the y-quanta 60Co deep levelssamples are formed with energies: Ec-0,17 eV, Ec-0,32 eV, Ec-0,41 eV. Thus the parameters ofdeep levels vary depending on requirements of prestress heat treatment. For example heattreatment at 600°C essentially increments a velocity of introduction of and centre (deep level ofEc-0,17 eV), in comparison with a velocity of introduction of this level in samples with prestressheat treatment at 900°C. In samples n-Si doped by samarium effectiveness of formation ofradiation imperfections and the diminution of a lifetime of minority carriers of a charge is muchless, in 3-4 jas, than in control (not doped REE) samples.

The influence of heat treatments and effectiveness of introduction of radiation defects (RD)is explained by properties of samarium, as getter, formation of clusters and sinks RD, andmodification of states of rigid solutions silicon - oxygen and silicon - carbon.

UZ0603126

INFLUENCE OF THE RADIATION TYPE ON PROPERTIESOF SILICON DOPED BY ERBIUM

Nazyrov D.E.National University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

It is known that on effectiveness of formation and kinetics of annealing of radiationdamages presence causing, uncontrollable electrical of fissile or inactive impurities, theconcentration and position in a lattice of the semiconductor strongly influence. From this point ofview, the impurities of group of rare earths elements (REE) represent major interest, sinceinteracting with primary radiation imperfections they create electrical passive complexes such as"impurity+defect", thus raising radiation stability of silicon.

The purpose of sectional operation was the investigations of influence such as radiationexposures: in y-quanta 60Co and high-velocity electrons with an energy 3,5 MeV on properties ofsilicon doped REE-erbium. The doping of silicon REE was carried out during cultivation. Theconcentration REE in silicon, on sectional of a neutron-activation analysis was equaled 1014-1018

CM"3. AS control is model the monocrystalline silicon such as KEP-15-50 was investigation. The

; 209Section II. Radiation Physics of Condensed Matter


experimental outcomes are obtained through methods DLTS, IRC, and also at examination of aHall effect and conductance is model, measuring of concentration optically active of centers ofoxygen and carbon. In samples irradiated in the y-quanta 60Co in an interval of doses 1016-5-1018cm~2 and high-velocity electrons from 5-1013 up to 1018 el.-sm'2 the formation various DL ina forbidden region is revealed, which parameters are well-known A- and, E-centres etc.Depending on a radiation dose in an energy distribution of radiation imperfections in Si<Er> ofessential concentration modifications is not observed. The comparison doses of associationsdetected DL in irradiated n-Si<Er> with similar associations in control samples shows, that avelocity of introduction of radiation imperfections (A- and E-centres) and imperfection with adeep level Ec-0,32 eV) in samples containing REE much lower, than in control samples. Thelifetime of non-equilibrium charge carriers in crystals Si<Er> changes at an exposure byelectrons, considerably, 5-10 times more slowly, than in control samples. Also it is revealed, thatat an expo-sure by electrons the velocity of introduction and centers in Si<Er> is less (in 2-3 u.s),than in control samples.

UZ0603127

BRAKING OF IONS OF BORON AND NITROGENIN SILICON AND SILICON CARBIDE

Yarkulov U.Ya., Eshbekov A.A., Ochilov M.J.State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

In this work the elastic and inelastic energy losses of ions are investigated, as well as rangesof boron and nitrogen in samples Si and SiC. It is shown that using the potential of Bohr nuclearstopping power Sn(E) is defined by formula

E M 2

where Zi, Z2 - atomic numbers of ion and stopping material, respectively, Mi, M2 - their masses,E - energy of ion, Ko(cc), Ki(a) - function Macdonald. Importance of a is defined fromexpression

«exp(a)= I 2 , aB = inl/3 °_2f3^n' a , y 2/3 7 2 /3 \

• aB ( z , + z 2 )a = 0,53 • 10~8 cm is the Bohr radius.

It is shown in the work [1] that under &« V-U, electronic stopping power Se(E) is defined

by formulaSe(E) = A-S, (2)

whereZ , 2 g 4

v n , a , K 0 ( g , ) K , { a , ) (3)

m h U 1


qg? The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'200< [NP-50

fij, Ui - number and velocity of electrons on i-th shell atoms, m - mass of electron, V - velocity ofion; the summation is conducted on all shells of atom stopping material. Here, by taking intoaccount the formula (2) potential interactions is used as

[ ^ (4)where a - screening parameter, taking into account charge condition of implanted ion. In thework [1] it is shown that for neutral (a0) and charged (a+l) condition screening parameter are for

B+ a0 =0,349 A and o+1 =0,552^; for N"1" a° =0,335 A and a+1 =0,554^.If nucleus stopping power Sn(E) and electronic stopping power Se(E) are known, the

average range of ions is defined by formula

I 1 T" p /~f / ~r^ \ {~1 f T I \ T ? ^- *

where Ea«15 eV - is the threshold energy of displaced atom in silicon,

E _ AM ,M 2 £ . N - i s the number of atoms per cm3 of the substance." ( M , + M 2 ) 2 _

As a matter of convenience calculation of average range R on formula (1), electronicstopping power Se(E) can be presented as:

Se(E) = A, • E> , (6)

where

Al = / 1,39 -10 6 ' ^

A - is defined in formula (3), Mi - mass of ion, E - energy of ion, eV.Substituting values of Sn(E) and Se(E) from formula (1) and (6) in formula (5), and is

integrated by the numerical method, find the average range of ion R . It was established that theresults of calculation ranges of ions B+ in SiC with use the parameter of screening for neutralcondition are in satisfactory agreement with experimental values [3].

Thereby, analysis of the results of calculation and experimental data show that the results offormula (2) are in good agreement with experimental values [2-3] if samples C and Si use theparameter of screening in one-shot ionized conditions, but for SiC parameter of screening is theneutral condition. Consequently, at determination of inelastic losses of energy of boron a rule toadditivities Bragg is broken. The similar effect was discovered in work [4] at study of braking ofions 4He+ (E=0,24-2,0 MeV) in SiO2 and A12O3. We expect that breach of rule Bragg is connectedwith influence of density of electrons in the stopping substance on charge condition of implantedion.

References:1. Yarkulov U.Ya. J. Tech. Phys,T.54, Jfsl, pp. 120-123. 1984.2. Thompson D.A., Robinson J.E. Walker R.S. Rad. Effects, v.32, pp. 169-175. 1977.3. Ryssel X., Ruge I. "Ion implantation". "Science" M, p.249. 1983.4. D.C.Santry, R.D. Werner, Nucl. Instrum and Meth. Phys.Res. v.14, M 2, pp. 169-172, 1986.


g

<§§j> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006 ^ ^MPNP'2006

STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF THE COMBINEDg PROTECTIVE COATINGS ON THE BASIS OF NICKEL<§ DEPOSITED SUBSTRATES OF STEEL

Ruzimov Sh.M.1, Pogrebnjak A.D.2, Kuroda S.3, Alonseva D.L.4, Kolisnichenko O.V.S

' Research Institute of Applied Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan,2Institute for Surface Modification, Sumy, Ukraine

3National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan4East-Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk Kazakhstan

5Electric Welding Institute, Kiev, Ukraine

Recently alongside with traditional technologies of surface hardenings like, chemical-technical processing and other highly concentrated sources of heating as plasma jet and electronicbeam are more actively used.

One of the most perspective and modern methods of reception of materials are thecombined methods of processing of materials. The results of structure and element compositionof the coatings researches conducted the plasma-detonation method on a substrate from steel aresubmitted. In practice plasma powder coatings from nickel alloys are widely applied.

As coatings from a powder on the basis of nickel: PG-I0N-01 (Ni- the base; Cr -14-20%;Fe -7%; Si - 4,3%; B - 3,3%; C -0,8%;), PGAN-33 (Ni-the base; Cr -24%; Mo -4%; Si -2%; B -2%; W -1%) and PG-19N-01 (Ni- the base; Cr-8-14%; Fe-5%; Si-1,2-3,2%; B-2,3%; C-0,5%;)are used. After drawing coatings from powders PG-10N-01 and PGAN-33 a part of samples havemelted off high-current electron beam in two modes: soft and rigid. Under high-temperatureinfluence electron melting plastic inter metalloid connections Cr3Ni2 and CrB are formed in asurface of a coating.

Coatings from PG-19N-01 are deposited either preliminary heated, or as taken a coldsubstrate for some passes. Repeated melting of coating surfaces was conducted by a pulse plasmajet without adding of a powder in it. In this work to study coating surfaces and their transversalcross sections, we applied XRD and SEM with a microanalysis. Also we measured micro-hardness and wear.

The studies demonstrated that the plasma-detonation technology could provide theformation of the coatings with a dense adhesion to a substrate. It is shown that additionalprocessing of a coating by a plasma jet result in change of a shape of a surface, redistribution ofelements to reduction the size of grains. In turn it considerably changes mechanical properties ofcoatings.



MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF INTERMETALLIC CeAgSb2

COMPOUND UPON GAMMA-IRRADIATION

Saxena S.S.1, Ibragimova E.M.2, Kalanov M.U.2, UZ0603129Yusupov A.A.3, Kuvandikov O.3, Salakhitdinova M.K.3

; University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom2 Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

3State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

The interaction of superconductivity and magnetism in the compounds with rare-earthrepresents a high scientific interest, in connection with a rapid progress which has been reachedin this area within the last ten years. The compounds of rare-earth metals give possibility toinvestigate interaction between the superconducting phase and distant magnetic order in them asso as atoms of rare-earth elements form spatially-ordered state in its sub-lattice. Hence, uniquesuperconducting and magnetic properties of triple compounds are connected with feature of theircrystal structure and stoichometry.

In this work we studied magnetic properties of CeAgSb2 upon various dozes of gamma-radiation. The crystal was synthesized at 1073 K, its magnetic properties CeAgSt>2 wereinvestigated by Faraday method. The experimental curve of magnetic susceptibility in thetemperature interval (393-873 K) before irradiation has a linear character, and after gamma-irradiations to dozes 4-107 and 4-108 P dozes it has maximum. After 4-107 P doze the magneticsusceptibility decreases monotonously up to temperature 453 K, and further increases. Atirradiation doze increasing to order (5-1O8) the curve of the magnetic susceptibility and %(T)decreases in steps and sharply falls down to the minimal value at the temperature 783 K andfurther abruptly increases. After the measurements and irradiations the sample has changedcolour and structure.

UZ0603130

HOPPING CONDUCTIVITY ON RELAXOR FERROELECTRICSTIInS2<V> EXPOSED GAMMA IRRADIATION

Sardarly R.M., Samedov O.A., Sadigov I.Sh., Nadzhafov A.I., Salmanov F.T., Aslanov I.I.Institute for Radiation Problems, Baku, Azerbaijan

The TlInS2 compound is a crystal in which temperature instabilities of the crystal lattice leadto ferroelectric ordering. It has been established with confidence that the TlInS2 compound ofstoichiometric composition is an improper ferroelectric with an incommensurate phase.

Our earlier investigations [1-4] revealed that doping of the TlInS2 semiconductorferroelectric crystal with some impurities leads to a rapid relaxation of the dielectric susceptibilityin the temperature range of existence of the incommensurate phase. It was established that thisrelaxation is caused by the formation of polar nanodomains owing to which the ordered phase ispreceded by the state of a dipole (or ferroelectric) glass. In turn, the doping atoms, which are


$$g The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'ZOW _ _ INP-50

responsible for the formation of the relaxor state, form attachment levels in the band gap of thesemiconductor ferroelectric crystal. In filling these levels, charge carriers turn out to be spatiallyconfined. As a result, electrical conduction is provided by tunnelling charge carriers throughpotential barriers. It is this mechanism of conduction that was observed in the study of chargetransfer in TlInS2 crystals doped with Fe, Mn and Cr; i.e., it was established that, in the range ofexistence of the incommensurate phase, these crystals exhibit nonactivated temperature-independent hopping conduction.

Thus, we carried out comprehensive investigations into the temperature dependences of thepermittivity s(7) and the electrical conductivity a(T) of TlInS2 crystals exposed to gammairradiation. It was established that there exists a correlation between the behavior of relaxors, inwhich the relaxor state is formed as a result of inhomogeneous polarization in nanoregions due tothe localization of charges at defects, and the electrical conduction, which has a hopping natureand is governed by thermal activation transitions from defects levels. The results obtained in theabove investigations made it possible to determine the density of states of defect levels inirradiated TlInS2 crystals, as well as the localization length and the hopping distance. It wasdemonstrated that varying the electronic subsystem could control the dielectric properties ofrelaxors. It was assumed that charge transfer in the temperature range of existence of a stablerelaxor state is provided by tunnelling from electron levels of the quantum dot through thepotential barriers generated by the superlattice of the TlInS2 crystal.

References:1. R.M. Sardarly, O.A. Samedov, LSh. Sadykhov and V.A. Aliev, Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St.

Petersburg) 45 (6), 1067 (2003) [Phys. Solid State 45 (6), 1118 (2003)].2. A. Sardarli, I.M. Filanovsky, R.M. Sardarli, O.A. Samedov, I.Sh. Sadigov, and I.I. Aslanov,

in Proceedings of the International Conference on MEMS, NANO, and Smart Systems,Banff, Alberta, Canada, 2003 (Banff, 2003), p. 159.

3. R.M. Sardarly, O.A. Samedov, I.Sh. Sadykhov, A.I. Nadzhafov, N.A. Eyubova, and T.S.Mamedov, Neorg. Mater. 39 (4), 406 (2003).

4. R.M. Sardarly, O.A. Samedov, A.I. Nadzhafov and I.Sh. Sadykhov, Fiz. Tverd. Tela (St.Petersburg) 45 (6), 1085 (2003) [Phys. Solid State 45 (6), 1137 (2003)].

UZ0603131

INFLUENCE OF LOW TEMPERATURE STRESSON CONFIGURATION OF SELF TRAPPED EXCITONS

IN ALKALI HALIDE CRYSTALS

Shunkeyev K., Sarmukhanov Y., Barmina A., Myasnikova L., Shunkeyev S.State Pedagogical Institute, Aktobe, Kazakhstan

Based on the experimental data on influence of directed elastic stress at 80 K onluminescence features of self-trapped excitons (STE) in alkali halide crystals (AHC) we will usestructure classification of STE. When using this approach the regulations of STE irradiativerelaxation appear: the directed low temperature stress promotes AHC luminescence buildup.


<§£ The Sixth Internationa] Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 _

The planes of the best sliding for face centered (FC) AHC at low temperatures are theplanes of {110} type. In fact, the real lattice stress in direction <100> from the face of AHC atlow temperature stress occurs in crystallographic direction <110> that corresponds to STEdirection of FC AHC. I.e. mechanical outer external stress will act in crystal direction <100> andeffective lattice stress will occur on STE length. The Figure a shows that there is a probability ofstrong asymmetric exciton transfer to weak asymmetric STE configuration (strong off-»weakoff) at anion sliding in direction <110>. That is why directed action of uniaxial stress betweenstrong off and weak off in favor of weak off in KI and Rbl crystals is logically obvious.

When stressing FC AHC in direction <100> the lattice experiences stress only due to anioneffective sliding in direction <110>. In this case the creation of initial radiation defects at STEdecay from strong asymmetric state must run into difficulties. This means low temperature AHCstress in direction <100> must favor the STE irradiative annihilation probability increase. Thisinterpretation meets the experimental results on AHC intrinsic luminescence strengthening. Ifuniaxial stress acts in crystallographic direction <1IO> then besides stressing there is aprobability of stretching between STE components. Such situation is observes in KBr crystal.

In volume centered (VC) lattices the external stress in a crystal is realized in direction<110> (See Fig. b). That is why in the process of Csl crystal stress along STE direction excitoncomponent stretching must be observed that brings to asymmetric configuration. It is consideredthat the lattice stretching would be prevailing.

F.H

F,H

Fig. A schematic sketch of uniaxial stress infuence on different self trapped excitonconfigurations in AHC. (STEon- structure of central-symmetric STE configuration; STEweakoff- structure of weak symmetric STE configuration; STEstrong off- structure of strongsymmetric STE configuration.

This meet experimental results on X-ray luminescence of uniaxial stressed Csl and CsBrcrystals. In Csl crystal at uniaxial stress the luminescence band with maximum at 4.25eVdisappears and the luminescence band with maximum at 3.67eV strengthens; these two band,according to Canno [1] have central symmetric (on) and asymmetric (weak off) STE


^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNT'2006 _ _ _ y

configurations respectively. The same situation on redistribution of STE luminescence bands infavor of asymmetric configuration (strong off) at uniaxial stress in <110> is observed in Cslcrystals.

Thus, STE structure is sensitive to low temperature uniaxial stress: in FC AHC there is aredistribution of luminescence intensities in favor of symmetric STE configuration and in BCAHC, vice versa, - in favor of asymmetric STE configuration.

Reference:1. K.Kan'no, K. Tanaka, T. Hayashi. Rev. of Solid State Science, 4 N 2&3 (1990) 383^01.

UZ0603132

PECULIARITIES OF STABILIZATION OF INTERSTITIAL HALOGENATOMS IN ELASTIC STRESSED ALKALI HALIDE CRYSTALS

Shunkeyev K,, Sarmukhanov Y., Barmina A., Shunkeyev S., Bizhanova K.State Pedagogical Institute, Aktobe, Kazakhstan

One of the commonly accepted physical phenomena in alkali halide crystals (AHC) is self-trapped exciton (STE) decay in regular crystal lattice sites into luminescence and initial radiationFrenkel defects. It is known that at non irradiative self-trapped exciton decay in AHC the initialcomplementary defects are e^-^F + H, where F -center is electron self-trapped in anion

vacancy field, thermally stable for all AHC until 400 K, //-center is internodal haloid atom thattakes anion lattice site, low temperature radiation defect. That is why the effectivenessmechanism of stable F-center accumulation is conditioned by the stabilization of traveling H-centers, especially at temperatures higher than the delocalization temperature (>55 K). This isproved by the fact that first we observe sharp decrease of F-center concentration in temperaturerange of H-centers instability and then starting form 80 K - gradual growth to initial level as forthe case at 4.2 K. This is conditioned by the realization of different unstable H-centerstabilization channels:

->VK, (2)

H-*VK+I. (3)

For the experimental reaction disclosure, especially for (2) and (3) we used high sensitivethermal stimulated luminescence (TSL) method; the physical meaning of which is in theregistration of recombination luminescence of electron-hole pairs. As an example the Fig. 1shows the TSL curves, and Fig. 2 - luminescence spectra at optic stimulation and spectra F, F'-KBr crystal luminescence flash. As it is seen from Figure in stressed KBr crystal the TSLintensity peaks FA-(180K)-, F^{240K)-centers increase more than ten times.


$g? The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'MW INP-50

120

100 -

.3 80 -

60 -

£ 40 -

20 -

-

\«LJ

V type

1

V

I\1

2

\

tCBr

Br, (Br2)2

A

100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

Temperature, K

Photon energy, eV

Fig. 1. TSL curves of X-rayed KBr at 80 K Fig. 2. The luminescence spectra of opticin isodosed mode for 1 hour: 1- not stimulated (a) and F spectra, F-flashes ofstressed; 2- stressed (e =2%) at 80 K; 3 - stressed (b) (E=4%) and X-rayed for 2 hours atafter heating to 500 K firstly stressed, X- 80 K KBr: 1 - luminescence spectra at opticrayed and cooled to 80 K. stimulation at 80 K in the zone of F-

absorption band by photons with energy of 2.0eV; 2 and 2' - luminescence spectra at opticstimulation at 80 K in the zone of F-absorption band by photons with energy of 1,2eV before and after crystal stressing; 3 and 3' -optic luminescence spectra of cr-luminescenceat 80 K and after heating to 140 K.

After mechanical stress removal with heating to 500 K the intensity of F/rcenter sharplydecreases and becomes comparable with intensity of VJC— center before stress. The same effect ofVK -center intensity strengthening at lattice symmetry lowering by low temperature stress isfound practically for all AHC. According to reaction (2) besides VK - center, an traveling halogenion must be created; and with ^-center interaction a free electron must be created. A free electronself-trapping can occur in two ways:

e~ + F -> F' (4);r) (5)

The similarity of spectrum cr-luminescence of self-trapped exciton and luminescencespectrum (Fig. 2, curve 2) (registered at optic stimulation in spectral zone of F! -center, whichwas firstly stressed and X-rayed at 80 K) proves experimental disclosure of reaction (5). In KBrcrystal the luminescence spectrum (Fig. 2, curve 2') does not exist before stress at opticstimulation in spectral zone of .p'-centers.


S§£ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 _

SELF-COMPENSATION MECHANISM OF CHEMICAL BONDDESTRUCTION IN POLYMERS

UZ0603133 Oksengendler B.L.1, Turaeva N.2> Ruban I.N.2

Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2Institute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

After the physical and chemical stages of radiation influence on condensed matter thesurplus of thermalized electrons and holes are formed in the system. They can be involved intothe thermofluctuation elementary acts of destruction enhancing these elementary acts.Model. Two states (1 and 2) of polymer molecule are considered in solution with one electron-hole pair generated by radiation.

First state: Polymer molecule (N segments) in solution + free electron-hole pair in the freeelectron energy zone of solvent. The free energy of the state is defined as

Fx=eg- TSl - TSf + N(-Do) - TSN

Here £ is the energy of forbidden energy zone of solvent, S{ is the electron entropy in

conductivity energy zone, S^ is the entropy of hole in the valent energy zone, SN is theconformational entropy of polymer with N segments, Do is the dissociation energy of onechemical bond of polymer, T is the system temperature.Second state: two molecules with N/2-1 and N/2 segments (The first molecule is broken into thetwo molecules) + hole in the valent energy zone of solvent + electron trapped on one of two endsof broken chemical bond (compensated radical). The free energy of the system is equal

F2 = et - TSi -TS? + (N- l)(-D0) -T{SNI1_X + SNI2) -kTlnNHere £• is the electron energy localized on one of two ends of broken chemical bond (this energy

is counted from the top of solvent valent energy zone as in the first state; e > et ), St is the

entropy of the electron localized on one of two ends of broken chemical bond. If Fx > F2 and

AF > 0, then the first state is metastable and the second one is stable. At this condition thespontaneous thermofluctuational transition is possible to happen that is the rupture of polymermolecule into two molecules with self-compensated trapping electron on the ends of the brokenbond. The field under the condition of N > N* = f(T) on the surface (N - T) corresponds to thedispersion field.

Consider various conformational states of polymer tangle.

1) Ideal polymer tangle. The spontaneous rupture of gauss chain into two gausschains (N/2-1 and N/2 segments) takes place at the condition

) T3/2e * ^e3

2) Stretched polymer chain without relaxation. The spontaneous rupture ofstretched polymer chain into two chains of stretched conformation takes place. In this case wehave


The Sixth Internationa) Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNF'2006 INP-50

N>e~3l2f{T)3) Stretched polymer chain with relaxation. The spontaneous breakage of stretched

chain with forming two molecules of gauss tangle conformation takes place in result of carryingout of the following condition

JV>-ln3

4) Turgid tangle. The condition of spontaneous transition into the dispersed stablestate with localized electron has the following form

5

BIT•<N<

In/CDx1/5

5) Globule. The spontaneous breakage of polymer molecule of globular state takesplace at the following condition

Note that it is possible the cascade of thermofluctuation destruction (dispersion) at thetemperature To

N(T0)> —.

NHere m is the number of dispersion acts, — is the number of segments defining the size of

molecule to which the dispersion occurs.

UZ0603134

SPECTRA AND BOUND STATES OF THE ENERGY OPERATOROF TWO-MAGNON SYSTEMS IN NON-HEISENBERG FERROMAGNET

WITH ARBITRARY SPIN VALUESAND NEAREST-NEIGHBOR INTERACTIONS

Tashpulatov S.M.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

We consider two-magnon system in the v-dimensional integer-valued lattice Zv in a non-Heisenberg ferromagnet with arbitrary spin values S and nearest-neighbors interaction. Thespectrum and bound states (BS) of the system are investigated.


pi•{§§> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006

MPNP'2006 INP-50

The Hamiltonian of the system are under consideration, H = -2^2^,1 n(Sm Sm+r)", where

/„ > 0,« = 1,2,...,25 are the multipolar interaction parameters for nearest-neighbor atoms, Sm is

the atomic spin s operator in the node m, and r denotes summation over the nearest-neighbors, s

is the spin value, s e I - ; 1 ; - ;2;-;.. . L

The Hamiltonian # acts in the symmetrical Fock's space K. Let K2 be the two-magnoninvariant subspace of operator H, H2 =HfH . The operator H2 is a bounded self-adjoint

operator. The operator //2 in the momentum representation in the space X2 = L2\TV xTvJ acts

according to the formula \H2f\x;y) = h(x;y)f(x;y) + fa(x;y;t)f(t;x +y-t)dt, wherer

h(x\y) = 8A4^][1 - cos^ ^ cosX' ~y* and A,(x;y;02 2 J

+yk)-2cos——^-cos-^—— -4C2, cos * . * - cos xk+yk ooJfLtZL-.lH

ere A,B,C - coefficients of parameters Ik, k = 1,2,...,25, and spin value s, i.e.A = ^(/1;/2;...;/25;.y),5 = 5(/2;73;...;/2jr;5) and C = C(7, ;/2;...;/2j;5) and 2 is a v-dimensionaltorus with the normalized Lebesque measure dX, A(7*)=I.

We found recurrent formula for the coefficient A,B5C:A = Ii- 2sl2 + {2s)173 - (25)3 J4 +.. + (-1

-(48055-76854+44853-12852+185-I)/5+...

Spectrum and BSs of operator H2fov all values of parameters Ix,I2,...,I2s and total

momentum A and dimensionality v and for arbitrary values of spin 5 are investigated.Denote the 2s-ka (Ix,I2,...,I2s) via P and introduce the following ranges of the 2s-ka P for

dimensionality v=l;

ft = {P: A < 0,B < 0,C <0},Q2 = {P:A>0,B> 0,C > 0},Q3 ={P :A>0,B>0,C < 0,}Q4 = {P : A < 0,B < 0,C > 0}, Q5 = {P: A < 0,B > 0,C < 0},g6 = {^: ^ > 0,5 < 0,C > o},

Q7 = [p: 5 = otA = C > 0}, Q8 = {P : B = 0,A = C < o}.

In the case where v=l, the change of the energy spectrum is described by the followingtheorems.



THEOREM 1. Let PeQl and A = ]0;TC[ (Ae]%;2n[): a) If C* 2s(2s-l)B, then the

operator H2 has two BSs q>\ and (pi with corresponding energy levels zx < mA and z2 > MK; b)

If C=2s(2s-1)2? then the operator H2 has only one BS cp with the energy level z <mk.

THEOREM 2. Let P e f t and A = ]0;TI[ (Ae]w;2w[): a) If C>-2s(2s-l)£ then the

operator H2 has a two BSs q>\ and <pi with corresponding energy values zi <mAand z2 > MA;

b) If C<-2s(2s-l)Z? then the operator H2 has only one BS ^ with energy value z<mK.

For arbitrary values of the full quasi momentum A of the system, the operator H2 has nomore than 2v+l BSs (taking the energy degeneration order into account) with the energy valueslying outside the continuous spectrum.

We proved the spectrum and BSs of system for s=l/2 and J>1/2 differently. Solwing theproblem of differency the spectrum and BS,s of the system for the whole and the naif an wholevalues of s and for odd values and even values of s.

References:1. S.M.Tashpulatov. Theor.Math.Phys. 107. No. 1.544 (1996).2. S.M.Tashpulatov. Theor.Math.Phys. V.107. tfo 2. P. 620-628. (1996).3. S.M.Tashpulatov. Theor.Math.Phys. V.107. N° 2. P.629-634 (1996).4. S.M.Tashpulatov. Theor.Math.Phys. V.125. M> 2. P.1539-1551 (2000).

UZ0603135

ON ESSENTIAL AND DISCRETE SPECTRUM OF THE ENERGYOPERATOR OF TWO-MAGNON SYSTEMS IN THE THREE-

DIMENSIONAL ISOTROPIC FERROMAGNETIC IMPURITY NON-HEISENBERG MODEL WITH NEAREST-NEIGHBOR INTERACTIONS

Tashpulatov S.M.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The use of films in various areas of physics and technology is of great interest in studying alocalized impurity state (LIS) of a magnet. The LISs in a Heisenberg ferromagnet withferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic impurities were investigated in many papers, where thesituations with linear and cubic lattices were considered in details. It was shown that there aretwo LIS types in the linear case and three types in the cubic case.

In [I], the case of a v -dimensional lattice was considered, and it was proved that there areat most three types of LISs (not counting the degeneracy multiplicities of their energy levels) inthe v -dimensional case. It was shown that the number of types LISs in the system changes withvarying parameters of the Hamiltonian, and the LIS domains were found. In this case, it turns outthat the three types LISs in the system are respectively nondegenerate, v-fold degenerate, and( v - l ) - fold degenerate. In [2], the LISs in a non-Heisenberg ferromagnet with ferromagnetic


<{§•£ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNF'2006 1NP-5Q

and antiferromagnetic impurities with arbitrary values spin s are investigated in a v -dimensionallattice Z".

In this work, we consider the energy operator of two-magnon systems in a three-dimensional isotropic ferromagnetic impurity non-Heisenberg model with coupling with betweennearest neighbors with an arbitrary spin value s. We investigated essential and discrete spectrumof energy operator of two-magnon system in the non-Heisenberg isotropic ferromagneticimpurity model with arbitrary spin values s in the three-dimensional lattice Z3 .The considering systems is consists of three body systems; two-magnons and one impurity spins.

The Hamiltonian of the system in question has the form

n=\ r n=l

Here Jn>0 are the parameters of the multipole exchange interaction between the nearest-neighbor atoms in the lattice, J° are the atom-impurity multipole exchange interactionparameters, t = ±eJ}j = 1,2,..., y, where ej are unit coordinate vectors, i.e., the summation over

r ranges the nearest neighbors, and Sm = {Sxm\Sy

m;Szm) is the operator of the atomic spin of

magnitude s at a lattice point m. We set S^=Sxm±Sy

m, where <S~ and S1* are the respectively

magnon creation and annihilation operators at the site m.

Hamiltonian (1) acts in the symmetric Fock space F. We let t//0 denote the so-called

vacuum vector uniquely determined by the conditions S*y/0 -0 and Szmy/0 =si//0,\\y/0 ||=1.

The closure of the space spanned by vectors {S~iy0} and {S~S~ysQ} is denoted the correspondingby Fi and F2.

Finitness or infinitness of discrete spectrum of the system depends of number of two-bodysubsystems and has a virtual state at the edge of essential spectrum of three-particle system. Iftwo or three two-body subsystems have virtual levels, then the discrete spectrum of three-bodysystem is infinite, if only one of two-body subsystems is having a virtual level or is not a virtuallevels, then the discrete spectrum of the system is finite. Therefore, we investigated one-magnonsystem with impurity spins, i.e. two-body subsystems consisting of one-magnon and impurityspins. There are two such subsystems.

For investigated essential spectrum of the system we use of the results of work's [3,4] byT. Ichinose.

We prove the essential spectrum of the system consists no more than four segments.

References:1. S.M. Tashpulatov, "One-magnon systems in an isotropic Heisenberg impurity model",

Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, 2001,vol. 126, No 3, pp. 482-488.2. S.M. Tashpulatov, "One-magnon systems in an non_Heisenberg ferromagnetic impurity

model, Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, 2005,vol. 142, No 1, pp.71-78.3. T. Ichinose, "Spectral properties of Tensor Products of Linear Operators. 1", Trans, of the

American Math. Soc.,vol.235, pp.75-112.,1978.4. T. Ichinose, "Spectral Properties of Tensor Products of Linear Operators, 11: The

Approximate Point Spectrum and Kato Essential Spectrum, Trans. Of the American Math.Soc, vol. 237, pp.233-254., 1978.


M The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006•C* INP-50

:

FEATURES OF PRODUCED FLOWS OF MULTIPLY !CHARGED IONS AT INTERACTION OF LASER RADIATION j

WITH SINGLE -COMPONENT SOLIDS j:!

Bedilov M.R., Bedilov R.M., Beysembaeva H.B., Sabitov M.S., Kamalova J.O. \Research Institute of Applied Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan j

•

The results of study features of formation multiply charged ions spectra of single-component solids depending on a target element composition in an interval of laser radiatonpower density q = 107 - 1012 W/cm2 with using of the laser multiply charged mass spectrometer[1] are given in this work. As single-component targets are used Be, B, C, Al, Ti, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu,Ag Ta W Pt Au as tablets in diameter of 10 mm and thickness of 3-5 mm.

Analysis of the obtained mass-charge and energy spectra of multiply charged ionsdepending on a target element composition has allowed us to find features of formation spectraand escape multiply charged ions of a single-component targets. These features consist incharacteristic changes: a threshold produced of ions; formation of mass-charge and energyspectra of multiply charged ions; nonlinear dependence of maximal charge number (Zmax) ot ionsfrom power density (q) of the laser; etc.

Experimentally it was found that, with target atomic weight increase, threshold power otions occurrence, nonlinearity ionization target structure, and intensity of ions, and energy spectraof ions increase. Let's note that, in case of targets Be B, C, Al by laser radiation it is completelyionized and multiply charged ions and nuclei Be* B * C6+, Al13+ are formed. The major eve ofionization is attained in case of targets from Ti <Ti1*) and Co (Co18+). It is peculiar that structureformation and escape of multiply charged ion flows with Zmax and nuclei depending on targetelement composition corresponds to various maximal values q of the laser. Increase of hemaximal charge number of ions (atoms) observed with increase q of the laser for all mvesbgatedtargets has nonlinear dependence in various levels that is especially shown beginning fromq >10u W/cm2 It is found that depending on target element composition multiply charged ions havea wide energy range with a maximum of allocation. With increase of maximal charge number ofions the width of energy spectra is decrease, and maximum of allocation move asuie majorenergies but thus their intensity decreases. A target element composition feebly influence on thegeneral 'character of allocation energy spectra, unlike its high-energy part is revealed.Mechanisms of formation flows multiply charged ions depending on target element compositionare discussed.

Reference:1. Bedilov M.R., and Khaitbaev K. Prib. Tekh. Eksp., 1996, Jfe 6, p. 139.

COoCO

i O

223


•£j$> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 _ _ _ ^ _ _ ^ _ _ _ _ _ INP-50

DEVELOPMENT OF METHOD OF HOMOGENEOUS DOPING OFSILICON BY SILVER AND ZINC

Makhkamov Sh., Tursunov N.A., Khakimov Z.M., Ashurov M.,Sattiev A.R., Normurodov A.B.


The obtaining doped semiconductor materials with intended and stable properties anddevices based on them is of great importance for modern solid-state electronics. In this respectthe doping with deep level fast-diffusing impurities plays particularly important role, because itenables one to regulate properties of the material in a wide range and improve them. Main dopingtechnique is high-temperature diffusion by variety of ways. Among them the diffusion from solidsources of impurities has a number of advantages.

This work presents the results on development of a technology for preparation of solid-statesources of silver and zinc, based on the single-crystal silicon, and on obtaining homogeneouslydoped silicon and p-n-structures using the solid-state sources.

For preparation of solid sources of Ag and Zn with different concentrations, a few layers ofAgNC>3 and ZnCb solutions were put on surface of silicon wafers, than the latter was annealed atthe temperature range of 1150-rl320°C for 10- 20 hrs, enabling Ag and Zn to diffuse into thematerial. After diffusion silicon wafers were subjected to chemical and mechanical processing toremove surface layers with inhomogeneous distribution of Ag and Zn, receiving solid sourceswith certain concentrations of Ag and Zn.

The single-crystal n- and p-type silicon samples with resistivities from 0.3 to 40 Q-cm weredoped with Ag and Zn from the obtained solid sources by thermal diffusion in the temperaturerange of 1000+1250°C.

In order to determine concentrations of silver and zinc in their solid sources and samplesdoped by Ag and Zn, a number of samples from each series were selected and they together withreference samples were irradiated by neutrons in WWR-SM nuclear reactor. Concentrations ofsilver and zinc were determined by comparision of activation effects (areas of measuredphotopeaks 11OmAg with energy of 0.658 MeV and 65Zn with energy of (1.12 MeV) in samplesunder interest and reference samples. The results are presented in the table below.

Impurity

Silver

Zinc

Concentration of impurityin solid source

Tdiff,°C

1250

1280

1320

1150

1200

1250

Tdiff, hrs

20

15

10

20

15

10

N, cm'J

l,8-10]6

6,0-1016

l,0-1017

l,5-1016

2,0-1016

2,4-1016

Concentration of impurityin doped silicon

Tdiff,°C

1050

1100

1150

1200

1050

1100

11501200

Tdiff, hrs

10

105

5

10

10

5

5

N, cm"J

<101 5

l,0-1015

2,0-1015

2,8-1015

l,0-1015

2,0-1015

2,4-1015

2,5-1015



A program based on the diffusion theory and Microsoft Excel sheet was developed, whichenables one to determine distribution profiles of impurities and depth of p-n-junctions in n+-n-p+-and n+-p-p+-structures prepared, depending on regimes and conditions of diffusion. Figures belowdepict calcutaled distributions of Ag (Figure d) and Zn (Figure b) in solid sources (curve 1) andin p-n-structures (curve 2), as well as phosphorous (curves 3,4) and boron (curve 5) in p-n-structures.

10"

1 0 " ,

1 " • ]S io"-i

10™ -,

1 0 " ,

3 • 4

1

a

iI

II

i

,

]

•

•

3'.4

•

I

2

*

ii

— t5ii

0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6

x/L0,8 1,0 0,0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,3

x/L1,0

Analysis of such distributions of impurities for different diffusion temperatures anddiffusuion times shows that homogeneous doping of silicon with deviation less than 5% can beachieved for Zn already at diffusion time of 5 hrs for both solid sources and ready p-n-structures.To achive the same degree of homogeneous distribution of Ag, diffusion must be performed atleast 10 hrs in solid sources, while in p-n-structures it is necessary to do this simultaneously fromboth opposite sides of structures.

This work was supported by the grant F-2.1.23 of the Center for Science and Technology atCabinet of Ministry of Republic of Uzbekistan.

UZ0603138

INFLUENCE OF y-IRRADIATION ON DIELECTRICPERMITTIVITY OF RECYCLED POLYPROPYLENE

AND ITS THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES

Fazilova Z., Gafurov U.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The y-irradiation influence on dielectric permittivity (e') of recycled polypropylenes (PPR )and of thermoplastic composites on its bases has been investigated. The dielectric permittivitywas performed using E8-4 bridge (a frequency of lkH). The samples were y-irradiated atdifferent dose of the irradiation (y- source Co60 with energy of 1.25 MeV).The dose interval is 0 - 2000 kGy.The following thermoplastic composites were investigated:PPR+EPDM (ethylene-propylene diamine)


The Sixth International Conference "Modem Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 BVP-SO

PPR+EPDM+GTRPPR+EPDM+GTR/plast

The experimental data obtained are shown in Figure 1.

E4,0

3,6-

3,2-

2,8-

2,4-

2,0-

0 500 1000 1500 2000 D, kGy

Fig.l. The dose dependence of dielectric permittivity curves for different composites:1 - PPR+EPDM; 2 - PPR+EPDM+GTR; 3 - PPR+EPDM+GTR/plast; 4- PPR

One can see differences between dielectric permittivity dose dependence of recycled PP andits thermoplastic composites. Figure 1 shows that dielectric permittivity more for compositePPR+EPDM. The permittivity increasing up to dose ~ 100 kGy one can explained of radiationstimulated peroxide radicals formation [1-4]. It is supported the measurements of the IR spectraof irradiated samples.The dielectric permittivity for the PPR+EPDM and PPR+EPDM+GTR/plast composites have littlechange up to the dose of ^-irradiated 1500 kGy and the composites have stable dielectricproperties. The stable properties is defined the radiation stable of polymer (PPR) matrix.

The doses raise more lead to the permittivity decreasing for the plasticized compositePPR+EPDM+GTR/plast. It is result of crystallinity degree reduction and by plasticization ofdestruction products. It is supported the measurements of the X-ray scattering spectra ofirradiated samples.

The work was supported by EC (STCU Project Ks U3009).

References:1. Electric properties of polymers / Sazhin B.I., Lobanov A.M.,Romanovskaya O.S. at al.;

Edited by Sazhin B.I.-Leningrad: Chimiya. 1986.224p.2. Briksman B.A., Milinchuk V.K. Influence of ionization irradiation on irradiation effects in

organic substrates. (View)// Chimiya visokikh energiy, 1989, vol. 23, N°3, pp.195-206.3. Maxlis F. A. Radiation Chemistry of elastomers. M., Atomizdat, 1976, P.2214. Bryan B. Sauer "Dielectric Relaxation in Polymers: Molecular Mechnismus, Structure-

Property Relationship, and Effects of Crystallinity". In Performance in Plastics, ed. ByWitold Brostow, Hanser Publishers, Munich 2001, pp 208-237


$0$ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006 i^P MPNP'200» l^P-SO

RADIATION-STIMULATED PHENOMENA IN QUARTZ GLASS IRRADIATED BY GAMMA-RAYS AND NEUTRON

Nuritdinov L, Islamov A.Kh., Amotiov M.Z., Khaydarova Kh.A. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The talk deals with the influence of radiation (gamma and neutron) effects on optical and luminescence properties of quartz glass. By now, little is understood about the nature of both absorption band at 243nm and luminescence band at 294nm and 396 nm in quartz glass. So the present experiment was aimed at investigating samples of quartz glass, particularly pure and Ge-doped.

In pure glass samples there were no absorption bands in ultraviolet and visible ranges of the optical absorption spectrum. On the contrary, in the case of Ge-alloyed samples there was an intensive absorption band having a peak at 243nm. After gamma-irradiation of pure samples (beginning from D7= 5-104 Rad) in the optical absorption band there appeared an absorption band with a peak at 215 nm. This band was due to the absorption of radiation-induced E1-centers. Under such conditions, in Ge-alloyed samples one more absorption band at 270-280 nm was observed, which was due to the absorption of Ge-center - E'i. As the irradiation dose increased (up to 5-106 Rad), the intensity of the absorption band rose strongly and then achieved its saturation. It is difficult to make a conclusion on the kinetics of intensity of the absorption band with a peak at 243 nm because both short-wave (X<243 nm) and long-wave (X>242 nm) parts of this band are overlapped with the two-peaks (215 and 280 nm) band, which also grow with the irradiation dose.

After reactor neutron irradiation (1019 n/cm2 fluency) the intensity of absorption band having the peak at 215 nm grows strongly in the spectra of optical absorption of Ge-alloyed and pure samples. In addition, a more effective growth of the absorption band with peaks at 243nm and 270-280 nm is characteristic of samples irradiated with neutrons.

The intensity of luminescence band with 400nm peak decreases after gamma-irradiation, which was observed in photolumintsence (PL) H Roentgen -luminescence (RL) spectra of pure Ge-samples. This tendency was also observed in neutron-irradiated samples at 1019 n/cm2 neutron fluency, and its intensity was much lower than that produced at gamma-irradiated samples. It should be noted that in pure samples irradiated with 107Rad y-rays and 1019 n/cm2 neutron, 400nm luminescence band was not practically found in PL H RL spectra. After preliminary neutron irradiation by 1019 n/cm2 fluency, 460nm luminescence band due to recombination of h and e at oxygen vacancy was seen in this sample.

As mentioned above, there is no common opinion about the model for absorption band in the 240-243 nm range and for luminescence at 294 and 396nm. However, from our results 243nm absorption band and 400nm luminescence band manifest themselves more effectively in Ge-alloyed samples. If both of the bands have Al-impurities, an absorption band in the vicinity of 550 nm, which is characteristic of defect of aluminum-hole center, should be registered. As follows from our results, no bands are observed in the visible part of the spectrum after gamma-and neutron irradiation. On the other hand, it is improbable to relate 243nm absorption band and 400nm luminescence to the defect of interstitial silicon because an increased intensity of the band should be expected after reactor irradiation. In practice, however, 400nm luminescence band was not observed in pure samples after gamma- and neutron irradiation. This circumstance favors 400nm luminescence band dependent on Ge-impurity in glass.

227 Section II. Radiation Physics of Condensed Matter

r co = 0O [ CO ! O = CO

; o I N

0 s ^ <!§£• The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006 i^*j

MPNP'2006 . rNP-50

One can conclude from our findings that the most probable model for 243nm absorption band and for 400 nm luminescence is the center of oxygen vacancy with two neighboring atoms of silicon and germanium (=Si-Ge=). We also find that not an essential change in intensity of 243nm absorption band is observed as the irradiation dose increases. Moreover, 400nm luminescence band shows decrease in intensity. The observed radiation-induced effects seem to related to y-radiation, which causes a change in local surroundings of initial defect state (^Si-Ges) and lengthen thus bonds between Ge and Si (=Si —Ge=). In this case, depending on local surroundings there can be both vacancies, which are incapable to produce luminescence, and vacancies, which have ordinary bonds between atoms (=Si-Ge=) and become luminescence centers. In this picture, the absorption band in the vicinity of 243nm must present for both of the types of defects.

UZ0603140

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RADIATION-INDUCED OPTICAL BEHAVIOR OF QUARTZ GLASSES AND SAPPHIRE CRYSTALS

Nuritdinov I., Islamov A.K., Amonov M.Z., Boboyerova S.G. Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Different parameters of plasma in accelerators and fusion reactors, such as density, temperature, dynamics of relaxation, are often estimated by emission in the optical spectral range. So that optics of detecting devices (windows, lenses, etc.) should be transparent in the range of 170-1200nm. Their parameters, however, appear to be changed under radiation influence (fast neutrons, gamma-quanta etc). It may lead to misrepresenting of useful signal due to both transparency decreasing and undesirable radiation stimulated luminescence of optical material. In this connection comparative study of the radiation damage of optical absorption and luminescent behaviors of KU-1 quartz glass and sapphire crystals was undertaken with the aim to predict to what extent the properties of these materials may degrade in the field of radiation. The samples were bombarded with neutrons of the fluencies 10 -lCr cm" (neutron flux 10 cm" s" , E>0.1MeV) and gamma-irradiated in the dose interval of 106-1010 Rad (60Co, E=1.25MeV, gamma dose rate 670R/s). It should be noted, however, that such a huge fluencies and dose couldn't be reached in real conditions.

In the gamma dose interval mentioned sapphire crystals do not show any additional absorption bands. On the contrary KU-1 quartz glass exhibits the radiation-induced absorption band peaked at 215nm, the intensity of which is increased with gamma dose up to 5.108R with following saturation. At the same time the transparency in the spectral range of 300-900nm doesn't decrease significantly. Sapphire crystals show gamma-stimulated luminescence in the range 300-330nm while quartz glasses do not emit under gamma excitation at room temperature. Neutron bombardment leads to deep coloration of sapphire crystals but does not change the transparency of quartz glasses in the spectral range of 300-600nm. At the same time neutron irradiation causes the appearance of gamma-luminescence in both materials. Quartz glasses show two luminescence bands at 470 and 650nm, intensity of which is increased with neutron fluence and saturated at the fluence 1019cm"2. Two gamma-luminescence bands at 330nm (F^-centre) and

228 Section II. Radiation Physics of Condensed Matter

The Sixth International Conference "Modem Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006

420nm (F-centre) appear in sapphire crystals after neutron irradiation. Their intensity is increasedwith neutron fluence up to 1018 cm"2 and then decreased. It should be noted that gamma-luminescence intensity in sapphire crystals is ten times larger in magnitude than in quartz glassesis. From the date obtained one can conclude that both materials may be applied to design opticalelements for nuclear sets with neutron flux less than 1012cm"V\ In these conditions the rate ofaccumulation of intrinsic radiation defects would be less and, consequently, the extent ofdegradation of transparency and luminescence appearance would depend on initial disordering ofmaterial.

UZ0603141

QUANTUM CRITICAL POINTS AND THEIR ROLEIN fflGH-Tc SUPERCONDUCTIVITY, STRIPE AND PSEUDOGAP

FORMATION IN HOLE-DOPED CUPRATES

Dzhumanov S.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The discovery of the new copper oxide (cuprate) high-7^ superconductors (HTSC) and theintensive studies of the physical properties of these materials have led to the revolutionary era incondensed matter physics [1]. After this discovery, it has become clear that these high-7c cupratesdeviate most strongly from conventional low-rc superconductors, both in the normal and in thesuperconducting (SC) state [1,2]. The breakdown of the well-known one-electron band theory,Fermi-liquid and BCS pairing theories (see Refs. [1, 2]) occurs in a wide range of the phasediagrams of the hole-doped cuprates, and the competitions between different ground states of thecuprates in a substantial region of the phase diagrams, lead to the occurrence of the distinctpseudogaps (PGs) and quantum critical points (QCPs) and to the stripe formation in thesesystems. The high-7^ superconductivity in the hole-doped cuprates occurs also in this region oftheir phase diagrams. Although much experimental and theoretical works have been carried outin the past two decades, they have not yet reached any conclusive understanding on the electronicphase diagrams of these high-Tc cuprates, and on the distinct QCPs and their role in high-j^superconductivity, stripe and PG formation. The exotic properties of the high-rc cuprates andtheir understanding require radically new theoretical approaches and physical concepts. In thiswork, we discuss the possible origins of the QCPs, metal-insulator transitions, PGs, dynamic(metallic or SC) and static (insulating) stripes, and high-re superconductivity in hole-dopedcuprates. We develop the new and more pertinent theoretical approaches and methods forstudying the quantum criticality and the existence of the distinctly different QCPs in thesematerials at the strong electron-phonon interactions and to examine the role played by the QCPsin high~rc superconductivity, PG behavior and stripe formation in the cuprate HTSC. We obtainquantitatively the real and adequate phase diagrams of the hole-doped cuprates and focus on keyquestions related to the entire phase diagram of the different cuprates, from underdoped toheavily overdoped region. This should allow us to check whether the usual Fermi-liquid and BCSpairing theories valid also for the cases of the intermediate and strong electron-phonon couplingregimes or they break down. We show that the QCPs, dynamic and static stripes, PG behaviorand unconventional high-rc superconductivity are emerged in hole-doped cuprates in the strong

. 229Section II. Radiation Physics of Condensed Matter

The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006 ^J-MPNP'2006 INP-SO

and intermediate electron-phonon coupling regimes. We explore two types of poiaronic QCPswhich result from the self-trapping of hole carriers in doped polar cuprates. The first onecorresponds to the carrier segregation or stripe formation and the metal-insulator crossover. Wedetermine the existence possibility of this QCP in a wide range of the phase diagram of the hole-doped cuprates depending on material parameters and dimensionality. We argue that the secondpoiaronic QCP lies hidden under the SC dome in the overdoped region of the phase diagrams ofthe cuprates and it separates the usual and unusual Fermi-liquid states [3] and corresponds to theformation of large temperature independent poiaronic PG. This QCP separates also two BCS andnon-BCS regimes of superconductivity in the hole-doped cuprates [3]. We analyze within thelarge (bi)polaron model and the new Fermi-Bose-liquid model [3] the occurrence of BCS-likesuperconductivity in overdoped cuprates and novel high-rc superconductivity in optimally dopedand underdoped cuprates. Further, we show that the large bipolaron formation is manifested inhole-doped cuprates as the small temperature independent PG and the third bipolaronic QCP intheir phase diagrams. We also discuss the precursor BCS-like non-SC pairing of large polaronsleading to the formation of the small temperature dependent pairing PG in optimally doped andunderdoped cuprates in the normal state. This pairing PG is unrelated to superconductivity andpersists in the SC state down to 7" = 0. Our results are in close agreement with the existingexperiments in doped cuprates.

The work is supported by STCU grant U3505References:

1. A.Damascelli et. al., Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 473 (2003).2. I. Bozovic et. al., Nature 422, 873 (2003).3. S.Dzhumanov, Int. J. Mod. Phys. B12,2151 (1998); Solid State Commun. 115, 155 (2000).

UZ0603142

STUDY OF STRUCTURE AND HEAT CAPACITYIN MULTICOMPONENT TITANIUM CARBIDES

AT LOW TEMPERATURES

Tashmetov M.Yu.1, Urinov Sh.S.1, Sheptyakov D.2, Joel ML2, Podlesnyak A.2, Furrer A.2

'institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2Paul Sherrer Institute, Zurich, Switzerland

The low-temperature study of carbide structure [1] have shown existence of the new low-temperature phase, which connected with non-stoichiometry. It is of interest to find out anopportunity of existence of this phase in systems where the part of metal atoms is replaced byother atoms. In this case, alongside with deficiency of a part of metalloid positions, there are theadditional pressure connected with the difference of nuclear radii and the polytypic of metals.Small differences of radii of metal atoms cannot be shown precisely at a room temperature. But atlow temperatures this difference can be shown. Because, the temperature "compression" of alattice is accompanied by a local pressure (indignation), brought in metal sublattice by "another"atoms of metal. In this connection it is of interest to investigate the system in which the part ofatoms of the titan is replaced by atoms of other metals. Sample Tio.77Tao.11Nbo.12Co.71 has been



synthesized in the high-vacuum high-temperature furnace at temperature of 1923 K. The samplewas annealed with downturn of temperature up to 873 K within 12 hours for ordering.

Tio.77Tao.nNbo.12Co.71 has been placed in the low-temperature refrigerator. The researches ofstructure was carried out on the high resolution neutron diffractometer [2]. These reflexes onneutron diffraction (at 300K) correspond to FCC structure type NaCl (sp. gr.Fm3m). Thosemeasurements were carried out at 270K, 200K, 140K, 86K, 20K and 12K. For definition ofstructural parameters measurements were carried out at 12K within 4 hour 15 minutes. Anoccurrence of new reflections was not observed on the neutron diffractions, removed right afterestablishments of the set temperature (from 300 K up to 12K). There was only the displacementof peaks caused by change of parameter of a lattice. On neutron diffractions, removed after 180minutes of endurance at necessary temperature, additional reflections were also not visible. Theyhave appeared only after endurance within 260 minutes.

On the neutron diffraction the reflections, which belong to unknown phase, similar to thosefound out in the titanium carbides, are found out. The intensity of the low-temperature reflex inTio.77Tao.11Nbo.i2Co.71 is much less than in TiCo.71 [1]. It can be caused by influence ofreplacement of atoms of the titan by atoms of tantalum and niobium.

The kind of the function, which is describing dependence of parameter of a lattice from

temperature has been certain: Y = A + Bj x T + B2 x T . Also factors of a polynomial are certain.The calculations have shown that discovered low-temperature reflections in

Tio.77Tao.11Nbo.12Co.71 mismatch reflectionsTiCx (a- Ti, |3- Ti, to- Ti; sp. gr. P3121, sp. gr. R3m,sp. gr. Fd3m, sp. gr. C222i, sp. gr. P3ml, sp. gr. Pm3m), TiNx, Ta, Nb, C.

Thus, low-temperature neutron diffraction researches have shown the formation of the newlow-temperature phases in Tio.77Tao.nNbo.12Co.71, the structural characteristics of which areestablished.

Researches of a heat capacity were spent in Tio.9Tao.1Co.66 (7=2.72 mJ/molexK2) andTio.8Tao.1Nbo.1Co.68 (y=2.76 mJ/molexK2) with downturn of temperature from 150K up to 3K.

The density of electronic states at Fermi level, Debye temperature, lattice constituent of theheat capacity (a) for the investigated samples are resulted in the table 1.

Table 1.

The sample

Tio.9Tao.1Co.66

Tio.8Tao.1Nbo.1Co.68

T=5.06 K

146

177

©D,K

T=10.05K

158

192

©D, K

T-20.1 K

199

240

ax 1(T4

J/molexK4

6.253

3.512

N(EF)eV'xatom"1

0.75±0.06

0.76±0.06

The present work is supported by National Scientific Fund of Switzerland (SCOPESIB7420-110849).

References:1. Tashmetov M. Yu. Uzbek Physic Journal. 2005. V.7. N3. P. 208 - 212.2. Fischer P., Frey G., Koch M., et al. Physica (B). 2000. V. 276 - 278. P. 146 - 147.



LOW-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIESOF THE TITANIUM CARBIDE AND NIOBIUM OXYCARBIDE

Tashmetov RlYu.1. Urinov Sh.S.1, Podlesnyak A.2

'institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2Paul Sherrer Institute, Zurich, Switzerland

UZ0603143

Carbides of the transitive metals of Periodic system are characterized by high hardness,wear resistance, refractory, and plasticity at a heat, by low density, corrosion and radiatingstability and are widely used in the industry. Studying physical, mechanical, chemical propertiesof these alloys and their components is necessary for improvement of their properties anddesigning of new alloys.

The purpose of the present work is study low-temperature thermophysic characteristics(properties) of the titanium carbide and niobium oxycarbide in the temperature dependence (low).

The heat capacity is one of quantities from which it is possible to receive the informationabout electronic and phonon constituent of the heat capacity, about electronic states density atFermi's level, about Debye temperature.

TiCo.65, TiCo.66 ,TiCo.67 and NbC0.77O0.06 has been prepared by of the solid-phase sinteringmethod in the high-temperature vacuum furnace. Low-temperature heat capacity researches werespent on PPMS (Quantum Design, USA) from 160 K to 10K, and up to 2K, respectively.Measurements up to temperature 10K were spent with step 10K, and from 10K to 2K - with stepIK (for sample TiCo.66)-

The low-temperature heat capacity is investigated in non-stoichiometric titanium carbide -TiCo.66 (fig-l),TiCo.67- Value y (y= 1.65 mJ/molexK2) is certain, coefficient, which is disposed theelectronic constitution of heat capacity inTiCo.66 •

The Debye temperature, the phonon heat capacity and electronic states density at Fermi'slevel has been certain also. For TiCo.ee 9D = 218K (at temperature 3.039K), a = 0.1969mJ/molexK4, N(Ep) = 0.46±0.06 eV'xatom"1, respectively. In calculations also as in [1], valuesXwere accepted for 0.5±0.2.

The heat capacity in NbC0.77O0.06 was investigated with downturn of temperature from 120K up to 2K (fig.2).

2.5

^i 2.0

i"0.5 - .o

T, K

Fig.l. The heat capacity of TiCo.66 Fig.2. The low-temperature heatcapacity NbC0.77O0.06

The value of an electronic constituent of heat capacity (y = 4.08 mJ/molexK2) is certain byextrapolation of this curve in a temperature interval from 6 K up to 2 K.


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006mesa

To find out influences of ordering on a heat capacity (is more exact on the phononsubsystem), sample TiCo.67 has been investigated and in the disordered (ordered) condition. It isestablished, that the heat capacity of the ordered condition is less, than the disordered conditions(tab.l).

Table 1. Values and a difference of a heat capacity ordered and disordered conditions ofsample TJCQ.67

T,K

30.140.150.260.370.780.890.9100.9

Cp (J/molexK)(disordered)

2.363.765.397.269.3411.6213.8816.15

Cp (J/molexK)(ordered)

1.963.284.866.588.4910.5612.8015.11

ACp(J/molexK)

0.40.480.530,680.851.061.081.04

The present work is supported by National Scientific Fund of Switzerland (SCOPESIB7420-110849).

Reference:1. Lipatnikov V. N., Kottar A., Zueva L. V., Gusev A. I. Solid State Physics. 1998. V.40. N7. P.

1332-1338.

UZ0603144

TEMPERATURE EFFECT ON PHASE STATESOF QUARTZ NANO-CRYSTALS IN SILICON SINGLE CRYSTAL

Kalanov M.U.1, UmmatovKh.D.2, Ibragiraova E.M.1, Khamraeva R.N.1, Rustamova V.M.1

Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2Engineering Pedagogical Institute, Namangan, Uzbekistan

Oxygen penetrates into the silicon lattice up to the concentration of 2-1018 cm"3 in the courseof growing [1]. By the author's opinion at a low oxygen content the formation of solid solution ispossible in the local defect places of the silicon single crystal lattice due to the difference ineffective ion radius of oxygen and silicon (ro = 0.176 and rsi = 0.065 nm). Upon reaching somecritical content (~ 10!7 cm"3), it becomes favorable energetically for oxygen ions to formprecipitates (SiOx) and finally a dielectric layer (stoichiometric inclusions of SiO2). It was shownlater that depending on the growth conditions, indeed the quartz crystal inclusions are formed inthe silicon single crystals at an amount of 0.3 4- 0.5 wt. % [2]. However the authors did not studya phase state of the quartz inclusions. Therefore the aim of this work was to study a phase state ofthe quartz inclusions in silicon crystal at various temperatures.

We examined the silicon single crystals grown by Czochralski technique, which were cut in(111) plane in the form of disk of 20 mm diameter and 1.5 thickness and had hole conductivitywith the specific resistance p0 « l-e-10 Ohm-cm. The dislocation density was No » lO'-^lO3 cm2"2


<(§£• The Sixth International Conference "Modem Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 __ _ _

the concentrations of oxygen and boron were No « 2-f-4xlO17 cm"3 and NB * 3-1015 cm"3. Structurewas analyzed at the set-up DRON-UM1 with high temperature supply UVD-2000 (A-cuKa ~0.1542 nm) at the temperatures of 300, 1173 and 1573 K measured with platinum-platinum-rhodium thermocouple.

The high temperature diffraction spectrum measured at 1573 K in the angle range (2® «10-r70°) there is only one main structure reflection (111) with a high intensity and d/n « 0.3136nm (2® « 28.5°) from the matrix lattice of silicon single crystal. The weak line at 2© « 25.5° (d/n« 0.3136 nm) is p-component of the main reflection (111), and the weak structure peak at 2© «59° (d/n » 0.1568 nm) is its second order (222). But the reference peak (111) is a singlet with nosplitting over ai and (X2 radiation that should occur in the equilibrium state of the sample. It isindicative of a statistic oxygen distribution over the energy equivalent interstitials in the siliconlattice at the high temperature (1573 K), yet a bit lower than the melting point (Tm « 1685 K).The intensity ratio of the "forbidden" reflection (222) to the allowed peak (111) came toI(222)/I(l 11) « 10"4. Such a small value also points to a statistic oxygen distribution in the latticeand practical absence of micro-strains having the component normal to the reflecting siliconsurface. Thus the diffraction pattern at 1573 K corresponds to the silicon matrix crystal withoxygen ions distributed evenly over interstitials.

Diffraction pictures of the silicon crystal at 300 and 1173 K were practically the same, butdiffered essentially from the high temperature spectrum. Low temperature diffraction spectraincluded weak additional selective reflections with d/n « 0.3345 nm (2® « 26.6°) and 0.2468 nm(2® * 36.6°), which correspond to the diffraction reflections (101) and (110) of quartz crystalsS1O2. The characteristic size of the quartz inclusions was determined ~ 4 nm from the width ofthe singlet reflection (110). Besides, the main reflection (111) was observed to split over a( anda2 radiation, and also 6-times increase in the forbidden (222)-reflection intensity I(222)/I(l 11) «6-10"4 of the silicon matrix. These facts evident of non-even oxygen distribution over the latticeinterstitials and increase in local area with micro-strains.

Possible reason of changing the diffraction pattern depending on the temperature is thechange of oxygen phase state in the silicon lattice. According to the silicon-oxygen phasediagram solid solution is formed at temperatures close to the melting point. In this case oxygenbehaves like a point defect and does not influence on the structure reflection intensities of siliconlattice. At lowering temperature the isotropic oxygen distribution in silicon, which ischaracteristic of high temperatures, violates and there appears anisotropy. The last results inexceeding the solubility limit for oxygen concentration at this temperature especially in severaldefect places like {111} since they are the densest layers. Such a state of the solid solution isunstable thermodynamically and decomposes into two phases enriched and depleted with oxygen[I]. The perfect fragments of silicon lattice release the average statistic strain caused bydifference in ionic radius of silicon and oxygen by means of oxygen ion replacement into thedefective regions. In this way the extra oxygen bounds chemically with silicon forming SiC>2inclusions responsible for the additional structure reflections in the silicon diffraction pattern. Itexplains the splitting of the main reflection (111) of the silicon lattice over oci and 0:2 radiation.The ratio of elementary units of quartz and silicon V(SiC>2)/V(Si) « 2, meaning that quartzinclusions distort the silicon lattice and hence the intensity of the "forbidden" silicon reflectionwith d/n « 0.1568 nm increases. The obtained results agree with those of [3], where beginningfrom the oxygen concentration ~ 1017 cm"3 and higher, the value of the upper limit of siliconcrystal plastic fluidity decreases presumably due to sedimentation of dispersed particles.

The work is supported by contract F2.1.2 with the Center for Science and Technology ofUzbekistan.


• ^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006_MPNP'20B6 ^ __ INP-50

References:1. Borghtsi A., Pivak B., Jassella A. and Stella A. Oxygen precipitation in silicon // J. Appl.

Phys. 1995. V. 77. P. 4169-4204.2. Ummatov Kh.D., Kalanov M.U., Paizullakhanov M.S., Rustamova V.M. Study of phase state

of as-grown silicon crystal // Uzbek. Phys. Journ. 1999, vol. 1 #4, p. 288-292.3. Petel J. R. X-Ray anomalous transmission and topography of impurities clustering in perfect

crystals // Bull.Soc. Frans. Mineral et de Crystallography. 1972. V.95, N° 6. P. 700-712.

UZ0603145

MARTENSITE TRANSFORMATION KINETICS IN HTSC - CERAMICS

Khaydarov T., Khamraeva R.N., Kuchimov I.K.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

In several papers the spectrum of intrinsic friction (Q'1) of YBaaCusO* ceramics had a peakat a temperature near 373 K [1-4], the value of which depended on the heating rate and after thesecond measurement it disappeared. The authors of [1] ascertain this peak to water absorbed inpores, those of [2] ascribe it to relaxation of thermal elastic strains, according to [3] it has adeformation character, and [4] suggest the existence of the first type phase transition at thistemperature. Thus, the nature of this peak is still unclear, since the explanations in various papersare not in agreement and enough convincing.

The aim of this work was to understand physics of the peak at 373 K in the spectrum ofintrinsic friction in high-Tc superconducting YBa2Cu3O* ceramics, having different oxygenindexes x = 6.77 ^ 6.86. The narrow peak was found in all the samples about 373 K, the positionof which was constant at varying the frequency from 20 to 400 kHz, but the magnitude dependedon the heating rate. For example, at the rate of 0.3 K / min there is no peak, while it appears at arate above 2 K / min. The peak position depends on the oxygen index, defectiveness and- twinstructure of the ceramic samples.

The Q"!(T) measurements were conducted both at heating and cooling within 300 - 523 K.Depending on the sample structure particularity, the peak appeared in the temperature interval of323 - 423 K, but always disappears at the second measurement. It is absent also after ageing thesamples in the liquid nitrogen (at 77 K) less than 70 hours and appears after a longer overcooling.Isothermal curves taken in the temperature range of 300 - 523 K in all ceramics with an oxygenindex within x = 6.77 + 6.86 demonstrate the peak appearing in 25 minutes after the beginning ofmeasurement and existing for 30 min.

One can suggest a long term martensite transition at low temperatures, and the amount ofthe formed martensite is about 15 •+ 20 %. At a higher temperature of ageing, the accumulationperiod and the amount of martensite decrease, and if a temperature is much higher than themartensite point, the following isothermal transformation is suppressed. Our results show that theformation of martensite phase is related with the ordering of covalent bonds betweenCu - O"1'5 in the CuO2 plane in addition to the well-known antiferromagnetic ordering in thecopper sublatttice [5], and the temperature of 370 K is the beginning of the ordering whentemperature decreases.

The work is supported by STCU grant U3505


<$$& The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 __ ___ TNP.S0

References:1. Lemanov V. B., Sherman A. B., Andrianov G. O., Irgashev I. A. Ultrasonic properties of

YBa2Cu30x in the temperature range 300 - 500 K. // FERROELECTRICS", 1992. Vol. 130,pp. 35-44 .

2. Arzhavitin V.M., Golovin V.N. Anomaly of sound absorption and elastic module ofsuperconducting ceramics in the temperature range of 4.2 -s- 300 K. // Superconductivity 1988.V. 2 #10. P. 153-156.

3. Kalanov M.U., Khaydarov T, Payzullakhanov M.S. Temperature dependence of elastic andinelastic characteristics of YBa2Cu307-5 //Pisma v JTF, 2002. V. 28 #23. P. 63-69.

4. Zhu J. S., Wang Y. N., et. al. Elasticity behavior (5° C •*• 350° C) and superconductivity inYBa2Cu307.x. // Modern Physics Letters B, 1989. Vol. 3 # 6. P. 493 - 498.

5. Anshukova N.V., Golovashkin A.I. Effect of superstructure ordering on properties of oxideHTSC systems. // JETF, 2003. V. 123, # 6. P. 1188 - 1199.

UZ0603146

INFLUENCE OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON SURFACE AND VOLUMERESISTIVITY OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES ON RECYCLED

HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE BASES

Kabisova L., Gafurov U.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The dose dependence of surface and volume resistivity of thermoplastic composites on y-irradiated recycled high density polyethylene - HDPE bases has been investigated. The compositesamples were y-irradiated at different dose of the irradiation (y- source Co with energy of 1.25MeV).

It was investigated follows thermoplastic composites:1- 31-III HDPER :EPDM:GTR, EPDM(ethylene-propylene diamine)2-119-4h-III HDPER :EPDM:GTR/plast-2(l/l)3 - 166 HDPER :EPDM:GTR/plast-2(2/l)4 -49-111 HDPER:EPDM

The experimental data obtained are shown in Table and figure 1

Table 1. The volume resistivity of thermoplastic composites on y-irradiated recycled highdensity polyethylene - HDPE bases

D,kGy

0500

236

pv-10"14 OM-CM

49-1112.12.3

31-1113.97.9

119-4h-III2.57.1

1662.27.0


The Sixth rnternationaJ Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006IW-SO

8

7 -

6 -

I5:V

3 -

2 -

150 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

D. KGv

Fig.l. The dose dependence of the volume resistivity of thermoplastic composites on y-irradiated recycled HDPE bases

One can see significant differences between different polymer composite y-irradiated dosedependences. Figure 1 shows that the volume resistivity isn't change for composite samplewithout rubber - HDPER :EPDM (49-111) with low value the resistivity, while for otherinvestigated polymer composites takes place the increasing ones with y-irradiated dose raisingafter -100 kGy. For plasticized composite 166- HDPER :EPDM:GTR/plast-2(2/l) takes place theresistivity continuously increasing and showing down with dose raising.

The resistivity behavoiur was explained by radiation stimulated cross-links formation andoxidation processes. It is supported the measurements of the IR spectra of irradiated samples.

The testing of electrical properties shows (according to GOST 6433.2-71) the recycledpolyethylene and thermoplastic TDV compositions on its bases have high radiation resistanceand high electro-isolation dielectric properties (pv > 1014 OM • CM, ps > 2properties

The work was supported by EC (STCU Project X<> U3009).

1015 OM).

UZ0603147

INFLUENCE OF GAMMA AND E-BEAM IRRADIATIONON MICROHARDNESS OF RECYCLEDPOLYOLEFIN-RUBBER COMPOSITES

Atabaey B.G.1, Gafurov U.G.2, Fainleib A.M.3, Tolstov A.3

Institute of Electronics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

^Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Kiev, Ukraine

The dose dependencies of surface Vickers microhardness (H) for gamma and e-beamirradiated (E=5 MeV) recycled polyethylene-rubber and polypropylene-rubber composites hasbeen investigated. The new techniques for measuring of polymer surface microhardness usingdecoration of indenter imprint under load lower lOOg are developed.


$$#• The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 _ _ _ _ __ _ __ __ . 'MP-50

The measurements under 50g load shown the microhardness sharp decreasing for e-beamirradiation up to dose 50-150 kGy. The optimal dose Dopt for improving of viscoelastic propertiesat minimal microhardness HV for HDPE-rubber blends-100 kGy and PP-rubber blends-75 kGyare defined. The microhardness change depend on irradiation dose can be explained byconcurrence of irradiation stimulated chain cross-linking, oxidation and destruction processes. Inour work samples of polyolefin powder were irradiated in air to form peroxide andhydroperooxide groups and heated to form polar groups capable of improving the compatibilitywith the radiaton devulcanized rubber particles. The absolute value of microhardnes ofpolyolefin-rubber composites extremely low for polyolefins and close to microhardness of highelastic rubber. The viscoelastic properties can be explained by new model of formation mixingamorphous interface between semicrystalline polyolefin and devulcanized rubber.

The work was supported by EC (STCU Project N° U3009).


MPNP'2006

Section III

NuclearApplications

^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006 X^pMPNP'200S ^ ^ ^ ^ INP-50

REVIEW OF TECHNOLOGICAL ELABORATIONS IN INNOVATIONACTIVITY IN INSTITUTE OF ATOMIC ENERGY

Logachev U.V.1, Koltigin O.V.2

institute of Atomic Energy, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan UZ06031482 Research Institute of Automatic Devices, Novosibirsk, Russia

One of the most important directions of IAE activity is works on safety substantiation ofperspective reactors on fast neutrons with liquid metallic heat-transfer. Hard conditions of reactorand out-of pile experiments have required the elaboration of series of special measurementsystems. Realized system parameters allow to use them not only in the experiments above, but inother industrial fields.

One of the basic controlled experiment parameters is short-time pressure impulse appearedunder melt hitting of fuel composition into metallic heat-transfer. The original measurementsystem of pressure impulse in liquid sodium was elaborated. System operating conditions are asfollows:• influence of reactor gamma radiation;• operating temperatures span 273 - 673 K;• pressure measurement span 5 MPa and 20 MPa;• transfer temperature in impulse 273 - 1500 K;• sizes in power point are no more than 050 mm;

At the same time the system should provide pressure measurement error no high than 6 %.Block of factors data did not allow using state or pressure impulse measurement systems

offered at the market. During system elaboration a number of difficult technical problems weresolved.

As the result the pressure impulse measurement system in liquid sodium for reactorexperiments with models of reactor channels on fast neutrons with liquid metallic heat-transferunder temperature up to 400°C was elaborated. The system includes a pressure sensor, thermoprotective device consisting of a membrane unit and impulse line with metallic extender withboiling temperature higher than 1000°C. The line length is up to 5 m.

A generator of pressure impulses for pressure impulse measurement system control waselaborated. The generator allows to form the regulated pressure impulse with amplitude up to 60MPa and leading edge duration up to 5 ms. Impulse duration is from 20 to 100 ms.The operation results can be used during elaboration of fast operating pressure impulsemeasurement systems in high-temperature liquid mediums.

The pressure impulse generator is used as a prototype of gas-dynamic system of cleaning ofoil and other types of pipelines.

For visual observation of process of fuel composition melt discharge the two-channelsystem of physical processes visualization under difficult optical conditions (steams of melt andwater, dustiness, absence and sharp change of lightning and so on) was elaborated. It allowsrecording of almost nonaberrational video picture in apparent and infrared spans during long timewith sufficiently high parameters (resolving capacity is 30 pc/mm, recording rate on apparentchannel is up to 200 frames a second).

It was assumed to perform two variants of system - for reactor and out-of-pile experiments.The necessary test-constructive works were performed, however, now the system is realized andconfirming high parameters only in out-of-pile variant because of insufficient financing.

241Section III. Nuclear Applications

<!§£• The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP;2006

To solve the problems of nondestructive control of significant experimental devices beforeand after the experiment and melt fragmentation inside their elements the digital roentgennondestructive control system was elaborated and inculcated. The distinctive feature of system isan original introscope usage elaborated conjointly with Russian partners. Having sufficient lowcost the device has high sensitive characteristics (1.6-2.0 %) and solving capacity ( 1 - 2 mm), inopinion of leading Russian specialists in the field of introscopy the device appreciably excels inparameters the existing analogs and is a significant progress in this field of techniques. Under thesame radiator power the controlled steel thickness is increased on 30 mm and achieved 100 - 110mm.

System characteristics allow the nondestructive control conducting in dynamic mode and itis especially important during control in the field conditions as pipelines mounting and alsoduring the other problems solving required an operative dynamic material control and taking adecision in the real time mode.

Excepting technical usage the introscope can be effectively used in medicine allowing tomodernize the existing film roentgen devices as well.

UZ0603149

SPECTROMETRIC CONTROL OF RADIONUCLIDESPRODUCTION PARAMETERS

Zhukl.1, Potapenko A.1, Yaroshevich O.1, Hluboky N.1,Kerko P.2, Bogdanov V.2, Dyatel N.2

1 Joint Institute of Power and Nuclear Research-Sosny, Minsk, Belarus2 Closed Joint Stock Company "Isotope technologies'', Minsk, Belarus

A radioactive preparations and sources are widely used all over the world for scientific,industrial and medical purposes. These preparations in Belarus are planned to produce by theJoint Belarussian-Russian Closed Joint Stock Company "Isotope technologies" (CJSC IT). Thecompany was created in 1998 by two leading scientific centers — SSI "Joint Institute of Powerand Nuclear Research-Sosny" the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus and the State Centerof Science of the Russian Federation "Scientific research institute of nuclear reactors".

One of the mainstream directions in CJSC IT activities is production of radioactivepreparations for the industrial and scientific application (such as 133Ba, 109Cd, 63 Ni, 60Co) and forthe medical purposes (such as 192Ir, 60Co). All radioactive preparations have a good exportpotential and adequate to modern technical and consumer requirements. X-y spectrometricanalysis of considered radioactive sources is one of the basic methods for quality control ofradioactive sources. At present, we are developing x-y spectrometric support of purificationprocess from contaminating radionuclides of 109Cd -y preparation and 63Ni - p preparation. Workon x-y spectrometric quality control of Ba preparation is carried out.

The description of the used equipment is given. Techniques of contaminating radionuclidesdetermination (contents ~ 10"6 from activity of the basic radionuclide) are presented. Problems ofthe choice of geometry of measurements of sources with activity about 107-109 Bq and possiblesources of errors are discussed.


<g$ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006 L ^ SMPNP'2006 ^ IMP-SO

NEW NEUTRON COUNTERS WITH HIGH TIME RESOLUTION BASEDON BORON CONTAINING PLASTIC SCINTILLATOR

Chubenko A.P.1, Britvich G.I.2, Vasil'chenko V.G.2, Gilitskiy Yu.V.2, Kushnirenko A.E.2,Mamidzhanyan E.A.1, Pavluchenko V.P.1, Pikalov V.A.2, Soldatov A.P.2,

Sumaneev O.V.2, Chernichenko S.K.2, Shein I.V.2, Shchepetov A.L.1

Physical Institute, Moscow, RussiaInstitute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia

UZ0603150

Measurements of neutron fluxes play a vital part in modern physics. Such investigationfields as nuclear physics, physics of elementary particles, physics of cosmic rays and astrophysicsuse the neutron measurements as instruments to gain information about the structure of the matteron the scales from one fermi up to hundreds of kiloparsec. The neutrons are also widely used insuch important applications as nuclear energetics, medicine, defectoscopy and others.

Usually, neutron detection is based on proportional counters. The gas filling used in thesecounters is either expensive (3He) or dangerous because of its toxicity (10BF3) to be dealt with.Moreover, these counters have a bad, not better than 2-3 mcs temporal resolution, which resultsin a limitation of the maximum trustworthy counting rate due to a pile up neutron pulses: thehighest registered intensity cannot exceed a value of about 2xlO5 s " , whereas measurement ofneutron fluxes up to I07-I08 is necessary for many experiments.

Depending on the energy of the investigated neutrons, various methods are used for theirregistration. Detection of neutrons with the energy £>10 MeV succeeds via interactions with Cnuclei in carbon-reach substances. Detection of neutrons having energies £<0.1 MeV isaccomplished through the scattering of neutrons in a hydrogen-containing medium with thesubsequent registration of knocked out protons. In the energy range below 0.1 MeV, neutronsmay be slowed down to energies E-Q.5 keV with subsequent registration of the products of n(p,d)y reaction. Further neutrons deceleration until the thermal energies (£~10'2 eV) could even bedone if necessary.

Plastic scintillators enriched by 6Li or 10B may be used as an active medium for thedetection of decelerated neutrons. Inside a boron-containing plastic scintillator, the registration ofcharged products of the reaction !0B(«,a)7Li takes place. In 6% of the events this reactionproduces a ground state 7Li nucleus along with a 1.78 MeV a-particle. In 94% of the events thelithium nucleus is created in an excited state 7Li*, which is accompanied by emission of a 1.47MeV a-particle and a 0.478 MeV y-quantum.

In contrast to lithium, the use of more inexpensive boron in plastic scintillators ispreferable, because the percentage of the necessary 10B isotope in natural boron is high enough(19.9%), permitting one to avoid the expensive procedure of its enrichment. Cross-sections a of 1eV neutrons on 6Li and 10B are 149 b and 609 b, respectively; with the energy increase theychange as o~E~05 . It is seen that the use of 10B for the neutron registration is four times moreeffective than that of 6Li (but for the case of lithium, the energy release of the 6Li(n,a)t reaction is4.8 MeV and no y-radiation is emitted).

We used a boron-containing molded polystyrene scintillator SC-331 which is manufacturedin the Institute of High Energy Physics. The light output of the scintillator is about 56-60% ofthat for anthracene, luminescence maximum wavelength is about 420 nm and it contains 2-3% byweight of natural boron. It is known, that the light output of a-particle-induced scintillations isconsiderably lower than that from (3-particles of corresponding energy. Our measurements haveshown that the SC-331 scintillator light output for the reaction 10B(«, cc)7Li is equivalent to the |3-


The Sixth Internationa] Conference "Modem Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006

particle of an energy of about 110-130 keV. At the same time, the SC-331 scintillator light outputfor a minimum ionizing particle is equivalent to that from a p-particle depositing an energy ofabout 2000 keV per 1 cm of the thickness of the boron-containing scintillator.

As opposed to boron ionization counters, the boron containing plastic scintillators do nothave the defects spoken above. Indeed, the radiation decay times for scintillators being onlyabout a few nanoseconds, the temporal resolution of scintillation neutron counters is of the sameorder, which permits to study neutron fluxes three orders more intensive than the gas counters do.At the same time, their amplitude resolution in the range of neutron peak corresponds to the best(helium) gas counters.

APPLICATION OF X-RAY RADIOMETRIC METHODAND INSTRUMENTAL NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS

FOR Mo- AND W- CONTAINING MATERIALS

Mukhamedshina N.M., Mirsagatova A.A.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

UZ0603151

X-ray radiometric method (XRP) and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) havebeen used separately and together for determination of elemental composition of Mo- and W-containing materials (oxide, metal, alloy and compound). Various techniques of XRF have beendeveloped for determination of the composition of two- and three- component alloys and thestoichiometric ratio compound with minimal sample preparation and even often withoutstandards. The 241Am and 109Cd sources were used for excitation of the characteristic X-rays.Theoretically calculated values and experimental data showed that the "thin" layers method canbe also used for determining of elemental composition of alloys on the base of heavy metals (W-Ni-Fe, W-Co), i.e. there is no need for accounting the matrix effects. The measurement error ofthe Ni, Fe, Co contents in alloys (W -90.0%; Ni - 7.0%; Fe - 3.0%) and (W - 91.0%, 94.0%; Co- 9.0%, 6.0%) was 0.05. XRF techniques were used for determining major components of anymaterials, so as to get tentative knowledge of major components necessary for correct choice ofthe irradiation conditions, including neutron flux of various energy spectra, and an optimalirradiation time (Table 1) for determination of a large number of impurities (Na, K, Sc, V, Cr,Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Zr, Mo, Ag, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Au, Th and U).

Table 1. Parameters of impurities determined in Mo, MoSi2 , W, WSi2

244

El-t

Mo

W

Elements determined

Na, K, Mn, Cu, As, W, ReV,Ca

Sc, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Se,Zr, Ag, Sn, Sb, Cs, Hf, Ta,

ThNa, K, Mn, Cu, As

Neutron flux andspectra, CM"2-S"]

6.5-101" thermal6.5-1011 thermal5,7-10" fission

spectra

5,7-1013 fissionspectra

Time of

irrad.

16h10m10 h

30 s

cool.

3h3m

25-30 d

2-3 h

measur

5-10 m3m

0.5-1 h

5-10 m

Section III. Nuclear Applications

The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 INP-SO

Sc, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Se,Zr, Ag, Sn, Sb, Cs, Hf, Ta,

Th,Mo

5,7-10u fissionspectra

5-10 h 15-20 d 0.5-1 h

As a direct method, when a measured peak area is directly proportional to a content of animpurity and there are no losses and contamination caused by chemical manipulation of a sample,INAA allows to carry out multiple-elemental analysis of materials in the same matrix and indifferent physical state for a wide range of impurities with one reference material. This isespecially important, when the same material is subjected to different stages of treatment. Thedetection limits in Mo, MoSi2, W, and \VSi2 are presented in Table 2.

Table 2. INAA detection limit of elements in Mo, MoSi2 , W, WSi2

El-t

NaKCaScVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnSe

Detection limit, mg/kgMo

MoSi2

5.0- 10-J

0.50.5

1.0 - l o - 4

0.11.0- 10'J

5.0-10"4

0.55.0 • 10"4

0.11.0- 10-2

0.15.0 • 10~3

wWSi20.11.0

1.0- 10^

1.0-10'3

5.0 • 10'2

0.55.0 • 10-4

0.11.00.1

5.0 • I0'J

El-t

AsZrMoAgSnSbCsHfTaWReTh

Detection limit, mg/kgMo

MoSi2

5.0-10"J

5.0- 10"2

1.0- 10-J

0.15.0 • 10"4

5.0 -10"4

5.0-10"J

5.0- 10"4

5.0 • 10"3

1.0 • 10~2

1.0 • 10~2

wWSi20.5

5.0 • 10~2

5.01.0 • 1 0 3

0.15.0- 10"4

5.0 • 10"4

5.0 • 10'3

5.0 -10"4

1.0-10'2

Complex of XRF and INAA techniques increases the number of analyzable elements andthe determination accuracy. The study is supported by STCU grant UZB-126.

UZ0603152

INFLUENCE OF STABLE MOLYBDENUMON ELUTION BEHAVIOUR OF 99mTc GENERATORS

Skuridin V.S., Chibisov E.V., Nesterov E.A., Golovkov V.M., Varlamova N.V.Nuclear Physics Institute, Tomsk, Russia

Activity of 99mTc educed from the generator at full saturation is determined by equation:A(Tc) = 0,875 • BB -Ao-mMo (1)

where AQ - 99Mo specific activity, mu0 - total molybdenum mass, adsorbed in the column, BE -elution yield, that defines completeness of cumulative"mTc extraction in given eluent volume(physiological solution).


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPW2006 1NP-50

More than 100 mg 98Mo are usually deposited in the generator column when low active99Mo obtained by 98Mo(n,;r) reaction [1]. As it was shown in experimental investigations, eluentvolume VE , required for total 99mTc extraction from this kind of generators, depends on two mainfactors: geometrical sizes of chromatographic column and from packing degree of the column bymolybdenum. Distribution of molybdenum in AI2O3 column was determined by scanning of thecolumn over detector with collimator. Obtained results are used to determine the change ofadsorbed 98Mo mass along the length, highest possible sorptive capacity of W oxides and columnpacking degree by molybdenum.

Fig.l. Molybdenum distribution along the length of chromatographic column for theadsorbed molybdenum masses are /MM>= 175 mg (1) and 105 mg (2).

Packing degree Q for given dynamic adsorption conditions for curves 1 and 2 occurred tobe 82 and 65% of the most possible, and elution yields of 99mTc at its elution by the same volumeof eluent (8,5 ml) occurred to be 96 and 85%, respectively. Equation Q = m^o /W-L was used forassessment of Q.

To explain effect of yield BE decreasing at insufficient packing degree of the column bymolybdenum it was suggested that 99mTc washing-out is braked by unoccupied active centers ofthe oxide. To suppress decrease total sorptive capacity there is a need to shift pH-form of theoxide to the alkaline region.

As a result of the research the relation between BE, pH-form of sorbent and % values wasestablished, allowing calculation need of the required pH-form of oxide for given adsorbedmolybdenum mass to receive 99mTc yield at level of 92-95 %

Reference:1. Ryabchikov A.I, Skuridin V.S., Nesterov E.A., Chibisov E.V., Golovkov V.M. Obtaining

Molybdenum-99 in Research Reactor IRT-T With Using Resonance Neutrons // NuclearInstruments and Methods in Phys. Res., 2004, B 213, p. 364-368.


The Sixth Internationa] Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 BSP-50

CONDITIONS FOR TITANIUM- MOLYBDAT SORBENT SYNTHESIS

Khujaev S., Markelova E.A., Mamatkazina A.Kh.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

UZ0603153

Reception of new types of the mineral sorbents possessing selective properties in relation tovarious ions is considered to be very important at present time. Mineral sorbents is of highinterest to many fields of chemistry that are related to the separation, allocation and concentrationof elements from the perspective of low-cost and efficiency. For radiochemical problems, mineralsorbents are more preferable in comparison to widely used ion-exchange resins because of termo-and radiation stability.

The given work presents the conditions of titanium molibdat gel reception as a possiblesorbent on the base of titan (IV). Research of such gel is also interesting for production of the gel-type generator 99Mo —> 99mTc. As formation of the gel, its composition and structure verystrongly depend from the synthesis procedure, the influence of the following parameters wastaken into account: pH and concentration of initial solutions, the order of mixing of reagents,temperature of a mix, ageing of gel and a condition of its drying.

Metal titan and molybdenum oxide were used for reception of initial solutions.Molybdenum oxide was dissolved in 5M ammonia solution at heating. The resulting solution hadconcentration of molybdenum of 0,05mol/l. The metal titan was dissolved in 8M sulfuric acidsolution at long heating. Concentration of the titan was 0,05mol/l. Structure of the obtained gelwas controlled by the content of molybdenum by using the radioindicative method. For thispurpose natural MOO3 was irradiated with thermal neutron flux of 2-1013 n/cm2/s in atomicreactor WWR-SM INP AS RU. The irradiating molybdenum-99 that was received by reaction98Mo (n,y) 99Mo was introduced into ammonium molibdat solution. Distribution of isotopemolybdenum 99 between a water phase and forming gel precipitate was controlled by measuringthe activity of phases on the analyzer.

The result of experiments showed that depending on order of mixing of two initial solutionsthe precipitations of different composition and structure are obtained. At introduction of titanilsulfate gels solution in of an alkaline solution ammonium molibdat with smaller contents ofmolybdenum on lg precipitation are formed, than at the reverse order of mixing. Probably in firstcase simple Ti- molibdat are formed, as in second case more complex structure described byformation of connections of izopolimolibdat with the titan are syntheses. And pH reactionary mixplays also an important role. At pH <1 formation of gel does not occur, in an interval pH 4-6formation of gel with maximal parity Mo:Ti is observed, at pH > 7 simple molibdat are formed.Results of experiments are presented in tables 1 and 2.

Table 1. Dependence of pH of the reactionary mix on Mo content in gelX°1.2.3.4.5.6.

Ti,mg.4,84,89,69,64,84,8

Mo,mg5,05,05,05,010,010,0

PH of mix3-48-93-48-93-48-9

Mass of gel,mg211540302715

sorption, %907

9513759

content of Mo, mg/g214331252014833


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 rNP-so

Table 2. Dependence of content Mo and Ti in the reactionary mix on Mo content in gel.

1.2.3.

Ti, mg4,89,64,8

Mo, mg5,05,010,0

Mass of gel232922

sorption, %766651

content of Mo, mg/g166133231

The tables show, that the increase of content of the one of reacting components does notincrease the weight of a formed product, as well as does not it increase amount of molybdenum inobtained precipitation. Thus, optimum conditions for formation of gel with the maximal yieldand with maximal parity Mo:Ti is pH reactionary mix 4-6. It is necessary to support a parity ofreactants 1:1, temperature of a mix 60-80°C. For formation of larger particles gel is maintained20-30 more minutes.

Further, adsorption properties of synthesized gel in relation to some ions and also thefacilities of preparation on its basis of the radioisotope generator Tc-99m will be investigated.

UZ0603154

ADMINISTERING OF 1-125 PREPARATIONFROM BLOOD OF TORTOISE INTO ORGANS OF RATS

WITH EXPERIMENTAL OVARIAN CARCINOMA

Alexandrov V.V.Institute of Biochemistry, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Complexes of substances of the peptide nature, received mainly from lymphoid bodies thatnormalize immune processes, are offered. The preparation "Tortesin" can be related to this group.

Tortesin is a drug isolated from the blood cells of the Central Asian tortoise, an animal witha unique radioresistance (LD5o = 100 Gy). During a short spring the tissues of tortoises producebiogenetic stimulators that can positively affect the organisms of irradiated animals. Tortesin actsby stimulating haemo- and immunopoietic systems and aids in recovery from radiation exposure.Thus, at animals treated with Tortesin, DNA and RNA synthesis in the bone marrow wasenhanced, both antibody forming cells number and spleenic size increased, and haemopoieticparameters normalized. The survival rate also increased.

That is why the determination of the point of initial application of the preparation is animportant scientific objective. The research with the use of I was carried out for this purpose.The labeling was conducted via reaction with chloramine T. The preparation i25I issued by"Radiopreparat" (Tashkent) was used. After the purification by chromatography the activity of1000 impulse/min by 1 ug of protein was got. The experiment was carried out in the Center ofoncology and radiology Republic of Uzbekistan.

The including of the marker was being determined in young rats at the age of 1 month withan experimental ovarian carcinoma in 15 min, 1 hour and 1 day after the injection. Thepreparation was injected into the tail vein. The following 22 organs were examined:

blood, ascitic fluid with cells, ascitic fluid without cells, tumor, liver, spleen, stomach,bowels, lungs, heart, testicles, kidneys, cerebral, marrow, thymus, fat, muscles, skin, thyroidgland, thigh-bone, tail, excrements.


<j$ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006 c(rfMPNP'2006 cvp-50

The results can be classified into three groups. The first group of organs (heart, cerebral,cells from tumor, thigh-bone, marrow, thyroid gland, thymus,) do not include the marker in anyperiod of observation.

The second group (liver, spleen, muscles, fat, testicles) includes a substantial amount of themarker. The maximum amount of including, 1000 impulse/min per lg of tissue, was observed in1 hour after the injection.

Including of the marker is particularly significant in the third group. That is - blood, asciticfluid without cells, stomach, bowels, lungs, skin, kidneys, excrements. The including of about6000 impulse/min per lg of tissue was observed there. It is interesting that all these organs areorgans of excretion.

We can assume that immediately after the injection all organs and systems start working forexcretion of the marked preparation. Apparently, our preparation doesn't metabolize. This isillustrated by low level of the marker in liver and thyroid gland, which would otherwise contain125-1. It is also illustrated by high level of the marker in excrements, which is 5 times higher thanthat in blood in 1-day period.

As long as in all periods of observation the level of the marker in blood and ascetic fluid islower than in stomach, bowels and lungs, it is obvious that in these tissues the marker wasincorporated into cells. Although there is a barrier in some organs that doesn't let the markedpreparation come in, in stomach and bowels some system collects and, possibly, keeps thepreparation in cells.

This can be connected with the function of excretion, which is inherent to these organs. It'sinteresting though, that number of stem cells particularly in these organs is relatively high. If weanalyzed the results from this perspective we would get the following. The tissues that containsmall amount of stem cells per unit of weight, almost doesn't include the marker. These are cellsfrom heart, cerebral, tumor, thigh-bone and others.

In the tissues of stomach, bowels and skin where a constant process of shelling of thesurface cells takes place and where there are more stem cells, the volume of the marker is alsolarge enough.

The interaction between the preparation and cells of blood, thymus and bone marrow isparticularly interesting. We checked it with the marker on intact rats in vitro. However, theincluding was very little, 0,8%. This is the bottom margin of the mistake of the experiment.However, the calculations show that in this case 8 million molecules of the marker can be relatedto 1 cell. Possible change in the structure of the preparation after procedure of marking withchloramine T should be also taken into account.

Further experiments in this direction can be connected with the usage of different types ofthe marker that don't modify native structure, like l4C or 3H, for example.

UZ0603155

CROWN ETHERS AS EXTRACT ANT FOR STRONTIUM

Usarov Z.O.1, Khujaev S.S.1, Mirzaeva N.1, Abdusalyamov N.N.2,Abdukayumov M.N.2, Rikhsiev A.Z.2

'institute of Nuclear Physic, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2State Enterprise "Radiopreparat", Tashkent, Uzbekistan

At present the strontium radionuclide is widely used in various areas of science, technologyand, especially, medicine. Recently, has found its wide application the radiopharmaceutical


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006INP-50

preparation «Metastron» based on 89Sr radionuclide. Basically the preparation is used for removalof painful syndromes at bone metastases.There are three methods for the production of strontium-89 radionuclide:

1. Irradiation of strontium-88 isotope by the thermal neutrons via (n, y) nuclear reaction;2. Separation of strontium-89 from fission products of uranium-235 via (n, f) reaction;3. Irradiation of yttrium-89 by the fast neutrons in nuclear rector via (n, p) reaction.

The third method is the most perspective for production of strontium-89 from technologicalpoint of view. Besides, the strontium-89 has high radionuclide purity. Nevertheless, in allmethods of obtaining strontium-89, it is necessary to develop a selective scheme for theseparation and purification of the radionuclide from the accompanying radioactive and inactiveadmixtures.

The present work presents the results of preliminary experiments on development of theradiochemical scheme on reception of radionuclide 89Sr. Systems Dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DB-18-C-6) and Di-tert-butyl Dibenzo-18-crown-6 (DTBDB-18-C-6) were considered. The crown-ethers DB18K6 and DTBDB18K6 were investigated for extraction of strontium from watersolutions of mineral acids. Nitrate solutions with various pH values were considered.

The experiments were carried out by means of radioactive indicators of strontium. Theconcentration of strontium in initial radioactive solution was 0, 4 mg/ml. In each separate case ofthe experiment 2-10~4moll of strontium was taken. The data of experiments are resulted in figures1 and 2.

D 0,2 -,

0,18 -

0,16 -

0,14 -

0,12 -

0,08 -

0,06 -

0,04 -

0,02 -

0 -

0

•pH=3,0

•pH=5,0

pH=7,0

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

t(min)

Fig. 1. Correlation of 89Sr extraction in 0, 5 M DTBDB18K solution with time



D 0,14

0,12 -

0,1 -

0,08

0,06 -

0,04 -

0,02 -

0

0

15-min

6 8

pH

89Fig. 2. The extraction of Sr in 0, 4 M DB18-K-6 solution on the pH

The obtained data shows that the more favorable reagent for strontium extraction fromwater solutions is crown-ether DTBDB18K6. The optimum values of pH for the DTBDB18K6extraction is pH=7, and in case of DB18K6 is pH=5. In both systems, the kinetics of extractionprocesses is low and takes about -15-30 minutes. The obtained results show that, the investigatedcrown-ethers can be used for extraction and purification of carrier-free quantities of radionuclide89,Sr.

UZ0603156

OBTAINING OF CADMIUM-109 RADIONUCLIDEBY EXTRATION-CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD

Abdukayumov M.N., Khujaev S., Rikhsiev A.Z., Abdusalyamov N.N., Usarov Z.State Enterprise "Radiopreparat", Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Present work describes the study of Cadmium-109 obtaining in the nuclear reactor vianeutron irradiation of enriched targets of Silver-107 and purification of radionuclide admixturesby extraction-chromatographic method.

251Section HI. Nuclear Applications

<$$ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'tpM INP-50

DETERMINATION OF GOLD IN LUMPBY THE GAMMA-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS METHOD

Yantsen V.A., Ermakov K.S.Navoi Mining-Metallurgy Combine, Navoi, Uzbekistan

UZ0603157

In the report the installation is described used in the Central gamma-activation analysislaboratory (CGAAL) for express quantitative determination of gold concentration in largepowdered samples.

The method of gold contents determination for non-crushed samples (pieces up to 100 mm).The given gamma-activation analysis method is widely used in mining industry, and at researchesrelated with selection of optimal technological circuits designed for sorting the pieces of ore androck materials. By developing this method it is now possible to create the technological collectionof separated pieces by size, large by the amount of samples, imitating various sorts (by goldconcentration in them) and types (by elemental composition) ores, and, based on these collection,to compare the efficiencies of various enrichment methods by knowing in advance theconcentrations of gold in these lumps being the final sorting products. The Gamma-activationanalysis method of large pieces is mainly used as foundation for the x-ray radiometric (XRJR)method of pieces separation of gold-bearing ores from the deposits mined by the Navoi miningcombine. It allows significant increase in the rate of research and development works on selectionof the most reliable separation characteristics. Based on these one can develop optimaltechnological circuits for ore enrichment with portion sorting methods.

UZ0603158

OPERATIVE AND INFORMATIVE NUCLEAR-PHYSICAL METHODSFOR ANALYSIS OF MINERAL RAW MATERIALS AND CONTROL OF

TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS

Sattarov G.S.', Muzafarov A.M.1, Komilov J.M.1, Kadirov F.1, Kist A.A.2

Navoi Mining-Metallurgy Combine, Navoi, Uzbekistan2Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

In the Navoi region uranium and gold are mined for more than 35 and 30 years,respectively. Various nuclear-chemical and nuclear-physical analysis methods are applied forelemental analysis of gold and uranium bearing ores and technological elements. The nuclear-physical analysis methods have a number of advantages: high sensitivity, capabilities forsimultaneous determination of a number of elements, capabilities for automation of analysisprocess and their expressness at determination of short-living radionuclides.

In the given work the comparative characteristics of nuclear-physical methods are shownapplied for operative control of gold, uranium and some other rare elements at technologicalseparation processes by sampling and at continuous flow of crushed ore and solution. They are:control of gold sorption leaching; quality control of ore, gravio- and flotation concentrate; x-ray


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006_ _ _

spectral analysis; x-ray energy disperse analysis; radio-indicator and gamma-absorption analysismethods; neutron-activation analysis with using the ampoule neutron sources; elemental analysisat continuous flow of crushed ore and solution; and others.

The analytical capabilities of some developed nuclear-physical research methods, whichprovide information on for geochemical and technological behaviour of gold, uranium andaccompanying elements. Like photo-registration of radioluminescence; neutron-activationautoradiography and radioscanning; natural radiation radiometry; alpha, beta and gammaspectrometry of naturally active samples; determination of form in which the elements are presentin sewage and underground waters; study of leachability of elements in dynamical and staticconditions; determination of time of products being in technological apparatus.

Practical examples are presented showing application of the developed methods for thestudy of geochemical behaviour of main and accompanying elements; for control of the gold,uranium, and some other rare and scattered elements (V, Sc, Mo, Re) technological separationfrom ores and intermediate production wastes; for analysis of uranium oxide; and for evaluationof radioecological situation at tail deposits of the industrial enterprises.

UZ0603159

URANIUM ISOTOPES RADIOACTIVE EQUILIBRIUMCOEFFICIENT VIOLATION MECHANISM STUDIES

Muzafarov A.M., Sattarov G.S.Navoi Mining-Metallurgy Combine, Navoi, Uzbekistan

It is well-known that natural uranium has three isotopes - 234U, 235U and 238U with half-livesof 2.445-105, 7.038-108 and 4.468-109, respectively. Proportion of i34U, 235U and 238U in naturalequilibrium uranium is equal to 0.0054%, 0.724% and 99.27%, respectively. The content of 234Uat the equilibrium of uranium isotopes is 53.41 ug/g. However, latest researches discovered someviolation in proportion between 34U and 238U isotopes in chemical concentrates, mined atdifferent points of uranium deposit, and final production (uranium oxide). Contents of 234U variesfrom 48 to 67 u.g/g. Therefore, it is very important to investigate the mechanisms of radioactiveequilibrium coefficient violation for 234U and 238U.

These isotopes were identified by 4198 keV (235U), 4395 keV (234U) and 4773 keV (238U)lines using with the spectrometric equipment of "Canberra" (USA) and "Progress-Alpha" (R&DDosa, Russia) companies. The method of radiochemical treatment of the samples for analysisconsisted of: removing the organic and interfering natural isotopes, applying the 5.3 cm2 activespot 34 mm diameter metal base by electrolytic precipitation with isotropic distribution of 234U,

U and 238U ions. Root-mean square error of the analysis was no more than ± 1.4%. TheInternational and all-Russia standard reference materials with known contents of 234U (from 43.3to 67.8 (xg/g) were used as standards. More than 1000 uranium bearing samples of natural andtechnogenic origin were analysed.

It is discovered that at uranium leaching from ores by chemical reagents and water theuranium isotopes separation is not observed.

The reason for the violation of radioactive equilibrium can be:• formation of 234U at alpha-decay from 234Th existing in the ore, due to different

leachability of uranium and thorium at the natural and technogenic processes, which canlead to additional transition of 234U into the solution

• difference in uranium bearing rocks and ores at underground leaching


MPNP'2006The Sixth International Conference "Modem Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006 «

DETERMINATION OF THE CONTENTS OF NITROGENg AND SOME OTHER LIGHT ELEMENTS BY PROMT GAMMAsS

ACTIVATION ANALYSIS

Aripov G.A., Kurbanov B.I., Allamuratova G., Umaralyev MInstitute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent Uzbekistan

neutrons allows determining the majority of elements accompanies me capture

experimental device using low-

UZ0603161

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY USING IGR FOR FAST REACTORSAFETY - MEASUREMENT OF IMPURITY-GAS AMOUNT

IN THE WWER-1000 TYPE FUEL

Vassiliev Yu \ Vurim A.1, Pakhnits A* Truhachev A.1, Aleinikov Yu.1, Popov Yu »Toktaganov M.1, NosovS.1, Sato I.2, Konishi K.2, Kubo Sh.3

^ Institute of Atomic Energy, Kurchatov, KazakhstanJapan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute, Tokyo, Japan

Japan Atomic Power Corporation, Tokyo, Japan

he Hypothet ca Core Disruptive Accident (HCDA) of fast reactors, formation of a largeuel pool could lead to a significant mechanical energy release with re-criticality caused

by rapul movement of high-mobility pool materials. If fuel escapes from the core region wellbetore such high mobihty-pool formation, possibility of energetics would be excludedTherefore, m order to eliminate the re-criticality issue, it is effective to study possibility of anearly fuel escape from the core through possible escape paths, such as space for the controlld-

254



guide-tube in the conventional design or fuel-escape duct intentionally introduced into the fuelassembly in an advanced design option [1]. An in-reactor experimental program focusing on thisaspect is going on using the IGR research reactor.

In this program, the test sections simulating the above escape paths and core region in thevicinity of them are prepared. Selection of IGR reactor for performing these researches isdetermined by its unique technical and physical properties. IGR research reactor is one of the bestfacilities for examining of research and power reactors fuel assemblies behavior at modelingsevere accidents - flux and fluence of thermal neutrons in the experimental channel withdiameter 220 mm and height about 1400 mm amount to the values 0.7xl017 (n/cm2 xs) and3.7xlO16 (n/cm2) respectively [2].

The design of test sections, developed for tests in IGR reactor, is to provide for a possibilityof generation of molten fuel and steel mixture inside the test-section hermetic casings. Generatedmelt is to destroy the wall of the duct simulating the escape path, installed in the cavity of test-section casing and meant for melt discharging from the casing cavity to the trap simulating theinlet sodium plenum.

One of the most important parameter in the melt discharge scenario is the pressuredifference between the casing cavity and inner duct, which drives melt movement. Therefore thepressure source during the fuel melting should be known in advance of the main tests. As apressure source, impurity gases content which will be released during the fuel melting has largeuncertainty.

According to the above background, the researches on determination of impurity gasesamount in WWER-1000 type fuel were performed in IGR reactor. Measurements of parameters,characterizing the process of fuel melting in the hermetic casing cavity, including pressure, havebeen conducted for this purpose. Energy release in fuel was provided by realizing controlledneutron impulse on IGR reactor.

The experimental results showed that the amount of impurity gases in the researchedsamples does not exceed 2.5x10"6 mole/gr UO2 that is less than the certified value for WWER-1000 type fuel.

The results of measurements will be used in preparing and performing the main tests of theprogram.

Acknowledgement:This study was performed as the part of the EAGLE project under the contract between

JNC and NNC RK.This study includes the outcome of collaborative study between JNC and JAPC( that is the

representative of 9 electric utilities in Japan, Electric Power Development Company and JAPC)in the accordance with "the agreement about the development of a commercialized fast breederreactor cycle system".

References:1. H. Niwa, S. Kubo and K. Kurisaka. "LMFBR Design and its Evolution: (3) Safety System

Design of LMFBR" GENES4/ANP2003, Kyoto, Japan.2. I.V. Kurchatov, S.M.Fainberg and others. "IGR Pulse Graphite Reactor". Atomic Energy,

1964, vol.17, edition 6, pages 463...474.



EXTRACTION OF 153Sm BY ORGANIC REAGENTS

Khujaev S.1, Nishonov Sh.1. Markelova E.A.1, Usarov Z.O.1, Rikhsiev A.Z.2,Abdukayumov M.N.2, Abdusalyamov N.N.2

institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2State Enterprise "Radiopreparat", Tashkent, Uzbekistan

UZ0603162

Radionuclides of rare earth elements (REE) are widely used in various areas of science andtechnology, and, lately, in medicine, which is connected with highly efficient results of REEradioisotope application for diagnostic and treatment of some cancer diseases. 153Sm radionuclideused in nuclear medicine is basically produced in a nuclear reactor by irradiation of samariumsamples.

The present work illustrates the results of preliminary experiments aimed at obtaining153Sm radionuclide in nuclear reactor WWR-SM and its cleaning by means of TOA (tri-n-okhtilamin) and D2EGFK (di-2-etilgekhsil-ortofosfor acid).

The following nuclear reaction was used:152Sm + n -» 153Sm + y

Under irradiation of samarium samples is basically formed !53Sm radionuclide, where asother radionuclides of samarium practically do not stir because of low section of activation andlow value of half-life. Section of nuclear reaction 153Sm is 140 barn and the half-decay is 1,96days.

Experiments were performed by a radio display method. Samarium samples were irradiatedin the vertical channel of the reactor, the weight of the sample was 10 mg and irradiation timewas 5-10 hours.

For estimation of radionuclide's purity the radiometric and spectrometer analysis wasmade. The lead measurements of samarium samples have shown that received 153Sm radionuclidehas impurity of others REE, mainly europium radionuclides. This demonstrates that purificationof 153Sm is necessary.

For this purpose, systems with extracting TOA - LiNO3 and D2EGFK - HC1 areconsidered. The first system with TOA is anion-exchanger and is aimed at larger concentrationsof lithium nitrate (LiNO3 type) more than 4-5 mol/1 and pH > 3,0 at which light REE (La, Ce, Pr,Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd) can have single charged anion complexes of [Ln (NO3) 4] - or [Ln (NO3) 5] 2"type.

The second system with D2EGFK is cation exchanger and is used for on separation of REEin the environment of chloride solutions in which they are in the form of cations - Ln+3. Resultsof experiments are presented in the table and figures.

Table 1. Samarium and europium distributions coefficient in TOA-LiNO3 and D2EGFK-HCI systems.

TOA-L1NO3Cone. LiNO3

mol/14,05,06,07,08,0

Sm

1.042.75.711.219.4

Eu

0.481.32.85.59.6

D2EGFK-HCICone. HCI

mol/10.10.30.51.02.0

Sm

31.01.3

0.310.04

-

Eu

60.72.60.610.08

-

256 , - , -Section III. Nuclear Applications

The Sixth Internationa] Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 INP-SO

D-0

15

10

5

0

-

-

-

i . i

Sm•

/ Eu

, 1 . 1 . 1

5 6 7 8

Concentration LiNC>3 mol/1

0.4 0.6 0.8 10

Concentration HC1 mol/]

Fig. 1. Sm and Eu distribution coefficientfrom L1NO3 concentration.

Fig. 2. Sm and Eu distribution coefficientfrom HCI concentration.

Hence, for compose the radiochemica! scheme of separation !53Sm radionuclide it ispossible to use both systems. As the challenge in this case 153Sm purification from radioactiveimpurity of europium system TOA-UNO3 has some advantage.

UZ0603163

DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR PRODUCINGNICKEL - GALLIUM CYCLOTRON TARGETS

BY GALVANIC METHODSUmerov R.A., Kim A.A., Tushakov S.A., Djuraeva G.T.,

Khudaybergenov U., Tahirova M.N., Uzakov Ya.M.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

At present radioactive nuclides and their radioactive preparations are widely applied invarious branches of science and technique. The present investigation is aimed at study of theopportunities for gallium-nickel cyclotron targets production. These targets should be utilized forproduction of cobalt - 57 and germanium - 68. These two isotopes have medical and commercialvalue. Generally Germanium - 68 is used as a calibrating source for positron emissiontomography (PET). PET becomes an admitted agent for the diagnosis of cardiac, neurologic andoncologic diseases in clinical practice. Every PET instrument should be calibrated by a source,containing positron emitter. Besides, each clinical scanning should be accompanied by carefulscanning of "transmission" to receive correct interpretation of image. Germanium - 68 decays ongallium - 68 which is the positron emitter. The long half-life of germanium - 68 (271 day) and itsdisadvantage caused by single photon emission makes its an ideal as isotope for this calibrationand source of transmission.

Actually any other isotope does not come nearer to its opportunity and safety for theseapplications. Now every PET camera uses this isotope as a sources of transmission and, withrapidly growing demand propagation in use of this technology, the inquiry on 68Ge for these


<Jj§J The Sixth International Conference "Modem Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 INP-50

sources extends. Therefore the generator 68Ge - 68Ga represents a major interest for a positronemission tomography due to unique accuracy and informativity.

Electrochemical deposition of metals is widely used in cyclotron technology for producingof cyclotron targets. The given method has the following advantages:

1. This method is relatively cheap.2. The opportunity to receive high purity metallic coating as, in many cases, at

electrochemical deposition of metals there is additional purification (refining) of settled metals.Thus the bulk of impurities remains in electrolyte solution. Selecting compositions of electrolyteand conditions of deposition, in many cases, it is possible to achieve very high-purity of somesettled metals. This effect has a huge technological value as allows to avoid some additionalimpurities of undesirable isotopes. In turn the effect of refining of superimposed metals allows toa yield a radionuclide with very high radiochemical purity.

3. The electrochemical method allows to adjust very precisely both thickness of a covering,and physical properties of covering - density of a settled covering and its crystal structure.

Besides, it is necessary to underline that on the contrary to other methods of producing ofcyclotron targets, the electrochemical method does not require the complex of expensiveinstrumentation.

We had explored various systems for gallium - nickel cyclotron targets productions.Systems for deposition of two-layer gallium - nickel targets, and conditions of deposition ofgallium basic layer and coating nickel layer were selected.

The requirements for reliable production of the two-layer cyclotron target with adjustablethickness of gallium and nickel layers were determined. Received results allow to developtechnological parameters for production of gallium - nickel cyclotron targets.

UZ0603164

RADIOCHEMICAL SEPARATION OF CADMIUM-109

Egamediev S., Mukhtarov A., Nurbaeva D., Rakhmanov A.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Cadmium-109 has a half-life of 461.9 days and decays by electron capture to 109Ag with theemission of 88 keV y-ray (3.79%) along with the characteristic X-ray from the K level of Ag,with energy of 22.5 keV.

This radionuclide has found widespread use as a photon source in x-ray fluorescenceanalysis devices employed in industry for numerous applications such as the direct determinationof gold in ores, the analysis of metals and identification of steels. Other applications range fromits use as an electron source for measurement of densities of air-pollution samples, to tracerstudies in mushrooms and mice and rats. In the nuclear medicine field there is growing interest inemploying 109Cd in a 109Cd/109mAg generator, as an alternative to other biomedical generators ofultra short-lived gamma emitters.

There are several methods for the production of ]09Cd in literature:1. Bombardment of silver cyclotron target via 109Ag(d,2n) 109Cd reaction with 16 MeVdeuterons.2. Bombardment of natural silver target via l09Ag(p,n) 109Cd reaction with 14 MeVprotons.



3. Proton bombardment of natural indium target with 96 MeV protons.4. Irradiation of enriched Ag target in high-flux nuclear reactor at neutron flux2 x 1015 n-cnfV1 via 107Ag(n,Y) 108Ag->108Cd (n,y) 109Cd reaction.5. Irradiation of enriched Cd target in nuclear reactor at neutron fluxlxlO14 n-cm-V via I08Cd (n,y) 109Cd reaction.The production of 109Cd with proton beam via 109Ag(p,n) 109Cd reaction is ideal for the

cyclotron U-150, since it is not required the change of the regime for the machine functioning.Because of its relatively long half-life the time required for separation is also not an importantfactor, but its use as an X-ray source requires a very high radiochemicai purity.

In the present work we studied two methods for separation of !09Cd from model solution ofsilver targets.

First method is based on precipitation of silver as chlorides with 6 M HC1 from nitric acidsolutions of Ag, Cu and Cd. Then the solution is filtered to remove silver. The filtrate isevaporated almost to dryness and the solid residue is dissolved in 2 M HC1. The solution obtainedis passed through an anion-exchange column with DOWEX 1x8. Cadmium is retained on columnat this concentration of HC1 while Cu is completely eluted with 30 ml of 2 M HCI. Finallycadmium is eluted with 200 ml of 1 N HNO3, while the traces of silver remain on the column.Thus a pure solution of cadmium nitrate is obtained that can be evaporated to the desirablevolume. Measuring the activity of the initial and obtained quantity of10 Cd it is found that 80%of the total cadmium is recovered.

Second method is based on the selective adsorption of silver on column containing 0.5 g ofpolyethenemonosulphide (PEMS or trade name TR-1) from nitric acid solutions of Ag, Cu, Znand Cd. This sorbent has high adsorptive capacity to silver, its adsorptive capacity reaches to1920 mg/g from 1.5 M nitric acid solutions. After adsorption of silver the solution obtainedevaporated to dryness and the solid residue is dissolved in 0.5 M nitric acid containing 0.1 Mhydrobromic acid. Then the solution obtained is percolated through the column, containing 5 mlof Dowexlx8 resin. The copper(II) and zinc are completely eluted with 70 ml of 0.5 M HNO3 +0.1 M HBr. The cadmium-109 is eluted with 50 ml of 3 M nitric acid. The obtained solution isevaporated to dryness and the dry residue is treated by evaporation with 2 ml of 12 Mhydrochloric acid. After treatment the damp residue is dissolved in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid. Theyield of cadmium-109 is higher than 90% and the radiochemicai purity was more than 99.9%.

These methods will be used for separation and purification of cadmium-109 to make ofsealed sources for X-ray fluorescence analysis.

The Science and Technologies Center at Cabinet of Ministers of Republic of Uzbekistansupport this work (contract N° 13-092).

UZ0603165

EVALUATION OF NEUTRON FLUX IN THE WWR-SM REACTORCHANNEL AND IN THE IRRADIATING ZONE OF U-150 CYCLOTRON

Sadikov I.I., Zinov'ev V.G., Sadikova Z.O., Salimov M.I.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

For effective work of a reactor, and correct planning of experiments related to the reactorirradiation of various materials it is required to control a neutron flux in the given irradiation



point for a long irradiation period. For realization of research works on topazes ennobling underirradiation by reactor neutrons as well as by secondary neutrons produced in a cyclotron it isnecessary to know the total neutron flux and spectra. To resolve the problem a technique forregistration of neutrons with different energy and calculation of a neutrons spectrum in the givenirradiation points in reactor channels and in cyclotron behind the nickel target has beendeveloped.

Neutron flux density and energy spectra were monitored by use of the following nuclearreactions: 59Co(n,y)60Co, 197Au(n,y)198Au, 58Ni(n,p)58Co, 54Mg(n,p)24Na, 48Ti(n,p)48Sc,46Ti(n,p)46Sc, 54Fe(n,p)54Mn, 89Y(n,2n)88Y, 60Ni(np)60Co. Gamma spectrometer composed ofHPGe detector (Rel. Eff. - 15%) and Digital Spectra Analyzer DSA-1000 (Canberra Ind., USA)was used to measure gamma activity of irradiated samples. Acquired gamma spectra wereprocessed by means of Genie 2000 standard software package. The O(E) functions and neutronspectra were calculated by using the least squares method and approximating the tabular andexperimental data with power polynomials.

The developed technique was applied for the adjustment of the topazes irradiation regimesin the reactor core and under secondary neutrons flux from a nickel target in the cyclotron. Thegiven technique allows to calculate a logarithmic spectrum of neutrons in a energy range from0,025 eV up to 12 MeV with the uncertainty of about 10 %.

UZ0603166

NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF THE PREHISTORICAND ANCIENT BONE REMAINS

Vasidov A.1, Osinskaya N.S.1, Khatamov Sh.\Rakhmanova T.1, Akhmadshaev A.Sh.2

1Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2 Museum of Geology, Geology State Committee, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

In the work results of the instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) of prehistoricbone remains of dinosaurs and ancient bones of bear, archantrop found out on the territory ofUzbekistan are presents. A bone of dinosaur from Mongolia, standard a bone of the person andsoils taken from a surface and from of the femoral joint of a dinosaur were also subject to INAA.The INAA method determines of contents of about 30 elements in bones and soils in an interval0.043 - 3600 mg / kg. Among found elements Ca (46 %), Sc, Cr, Fe (up to 2.2 g/kg), Ni, Zn, Sr(up to 3.6 g/kg), Sb, Ba, Sb and some others are mainly found in bones. The contents of someelements in bones of dinosaurs reach very high values 280-3200 mg / kg, and are mainlylanthanides La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb and Lu. In our opinion, lanthanides and some otherelements, like As, Br, and Mo in bones were formed as a result of fission of uranium andtransuranium elements. Because content of uranium in bones of dinosaurs is very high, up to 180mg / kg, and those of thorium is 20 mg/ kg. However U and Th in soils are 4.8 mg/kg and 3.7 mg/ kg, respectively. The content of uranium in bones of the archantrop is 1.53 mg / kg, while U instandard bone of the human is less than 0,016 mg/kg.


^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 _ __ _ ^ _ l\p-50

RADIOCHEMICAL NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS BASEDMULTI-ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF HIGH PURITY GALLIUM

Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Gallium is one of the widely used materials in semiconductor and optoelectronics industry.Gallium is used to produce infrared detectors, piezoelectric sensors, high- and low-temperaturetransistors for space and defense technology. One of the most important requirements forsemiconductor materials of gallium compounds is an excessive high purity for layers and films.Information on impurities (type of an impurity, concentration, character of distribution) isimportant as for better understanding of the physical and chemical processes taking place informed semiconductor structures and for the "know-how" of devices on their basis.

The object of this work is to develop radiochemical neutron activation technique foranalysis of high purity gallium.

Irradiation of 0.1 g of gallium sample in neutron flux of 5i013 cm"V for 5 hours will resultin induced activity of more than 108 Bq, due to 72Ga radionuclide, half-life of which is 14.1hours. Therefore to perform instrumental NAA of gallium long period (10 day) cooling isrequired, and high sensitive determination of elements producing short- and long-livedradionuclides (Tj/2 <2 days) becomes impossible.

The radiochemical variant NAA of gallium provides separation of radionuclides of traceelements from 72Ga. We have studied the behavior of gallium in extraction-chromatographicsystem "TBP-HCI". The experiments have shown that higher factor of distribution (D) andcapacity on gallium can be achieved when "TBP-4M HCI" system is used. However more than10 trace elements have high D and thus they cannot be separated from 72Ga. To resolve theproblem and increase the number of separated trace elements we have used preliminarysatisfaction of chromatographic column with tellurium, which has D higher than the most ofelements in "TBP-4M HCI" system and thus suppresses extraction of elements. Distributionprofile of gallium along the column and elution curve of 25 trace elements have been measured.Chemical yields of separated elements measured by using radiotracers are more than 93%.

On the basis of the carried out researches the radiochemical technique of NAA for highpurity gallium has been developed. The technique uses extraction-chromatographic separationand allows to determine up to 25 elements with LD ni0"5-nl0"9% mass with Sr 0.15-0.2

UZ0603168

MODERNIZED SPECTROMETER FOR THE HYDROGENCONTENTS ANALYSIS IN SAMPLES

Artemov S.V.1, Abdullaeva Ya.S.\ Karakhodzhaev A.A.1, RadyukG.A.1, Yakushev V.P.1,Zaitsevsky I.L. , Kozgushko B.V.3, Shevchenko S.V.3, Saltykov L.S.", Slusarenko L.I.4

Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, UzbekistanR&D Institute "Microprylad", Kiev, Ukraine

Institute of Physics, Kiev, Ukraine4Institute for Nuclear Research, Kiev, Ukraine

Determination of the concentration profiles of the hydrogen isotopes in various materials isvery actual problem now since hydrogen, if presents, rather strongly affects on physical,

Tashimova F.A., Sadikov I.I., Salimov M.I., Zinov'ev V.G. ^ = oH= o== N


<$£ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ^ _ _ INP-SO

chemical, electrical, mechanical and other properties. In the INP AS (Uzbekistan) the specificmethod of hydrogen isotopes profiling (Neutron-induced Elastic Recoil Detection (NERD)method) has been developed. The energy spectrum of H-ions that are knocked out by fastneutrons gives the information on the depth and concentration of hydrogen in a sample. Themethod allows obtaining of the concentration profiles for all hydrogen isotopes simultaneouslyand has the analysable depth up to 1.5 mm for ;H.

We have improved the analytical characteristics of the method:By sufficient decreasing the background of the charged particles and reduction of the

gamma quanta background in the energy spectra of hydrogen recoils;By reduction of quantity of scattered neutrons along the neutron's trajectory to the analyzed

sample;By using the fast output (short pulses) of the detector's preamplifier in the character of

spectrometric circuit of electronics before the final "slow" spectrometric amplifier.We have excluded the background of the charged particles using graphite as a

constructional material for the box of the detectors' telescope. The background of gamma -quanta was reduced by removing the metallic elements and materials of the radiation protectionas far as possible from a telescope of detectors. We have reduced the quantity of the scatteredneutrons worsening the energy resolution by reducing up to a minimum the amount of metalbetween the neutron source and the sample, and using the materials with small cross sections ofelastic scattering of neutrons.

We have achieved the precise work of electronics with fast signals due to speciallydeveloped electronics: change -sensitive preamplifiers and linear gates. The change - sensitivepreamplifiers have small signal duration (not more than 380 ns) and the counting rate ~ 4+5* 105

counts/s. The linear gate has switching time ~20 ns and dynamic range not less then 102.Duration of the driving signal can be varied from 300 up to 1000 ns.

Due to these improvements we can operate with two-detectors variant of the detectingsystem instead of the three detectors and simplify essentially the electronics of the spectrometer.Thus we have increased the analyzable depth of a sample.

Check of the spectrometer's operation at the neutron flux (En-14 MeV) using the testsamples containing hydrogen, deuterium and tritium has shown that the real (full) energyresolution of the spectrometer is equal 400 keV.

The energy resolution is determined basically by the geometrical resolution and includes theown resolution of the detectors, energy dispersion of the neutron flux and the effect of scatteringof neutrons on small angles before hit on the analyzed sample. This energy resolution results inthe following calculated depth resolution:

For hydrogen - 60 micronsFor deuterium - 22 micronsFor tritium- 11 micronsThus the analyzable depths (for example, in silicon) make:

For hydrogen - 1200 micronsFor deuterium - 500 micronsFor tritium - 260 microns.

This work was supported by STCU Project # 3067.


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006 H/

mt _ . . .

NOISE PROPERTIES OF THE PREAMPLIFIERON THE BASIS OF TRANSRESISTANCE AMPLIFIER

Babaev M.K., Baygubekov A.S., Kaldybaeva N.Sh., Kalinin Yu.G., Martyanov IS.,Tashimov M.A., Sadykov TJCh., Zastrozhnova N.N.Physical ~ Technical Institute, Almaty, Kazakhstan

UZ0603169A thermal noise generator, that is close to the "white noise" generator by its power spectra

is presented. This generator is constructed on the basis of the transresistance operational amplifier(OA) and allows noise power increase km times and conserving initial noise bandwidth, where kis a number of parallel branches of the amplifier.

The transresistance amplifier for generating the thermal ("white") noise was used. It isknown that the transresistance amplifier provides an output voltage proportional to the inputcurrent [1]. The transresistance transfer function, Rf, is the ratio of the output voltage Uo to theinput current /;.

The main contribution to the summary output noises of such amplifier gives the thermalnoise of the feedback resistor when the OA with field-effect transistors are used, and providedthat Rj » Rf, Rg >> Rf and A»Rf/Rg , where Rg is the resistance on the inverting inputterminal of the OA.

The summary output noise of the transresistance amplifier for a limited signal band is equalto

U 2KTAarctg (2nf2 RfCf)/nCf

Where Cf is the feedback capacitor,^ is the upper frequency of an equivalent bandwidthB=f2-f, (letf2»f,) [2,3].

If A» Rf/Rg, then this equation is reduced to

U*o =2KTA arctg (2nf2 RfCf) / nCf

For nonlimited cutoff frequency band we obtain £/n20 = AKT/Cf. So, the thermal voltage noise

in a nonlimited frequency band of the transresistance amplifier is determined just as for usual RC-network but with the gain A.

The limit to further increase of power of noise in this generator by means of increase invalue of feedback network resistor Rf sets the time constant Rf Cf of feedback network, whichrestricts a bandwidth. For all that, if the noise voltage is incremented, according to the Nyquistformula E = (4KTRB)i/2 is proportional to Rf'

2, the bandwidth is narrowed down proportionally

to Rf . Thus band is narrowed down faster, than noise power increases. It does not allowessentially (in some cases) to increase power of noise with saving of the initial band. Thislimitation is eliminated in the following circuit (see Fig.l), where SA is a summing amplifier [4].

It is known, that at the linear summing up of root-mean-square voltage of uncorrelated sourcesof noise the summary voltage is U*s = U* + U^2 +...+ U*k.ln case of equal resistors offeedback on outputs k of the parallel branches of the generator we shall have identical power ofnoise Ul = U^ = ...= U*k = TJl and summary noise level (at Rfs = Rs) will be U*s =kU*.Thus, the effective value of summary noise on an output of the generator is equal to Uns = k1/2 Un.



Fig.l. High level white noise generator

References:1. G.Nieu. Op amps as universal gain elements. Electronic Design 2, January 18. 1968, p.84-86.2. Martyanov I.S. Thesis, JINI, Dubna, 1985.3. I.S.Martyanov, T.Kh.Sadykov, N.N. Zastrozhnova. The set of simple analog converters. Nucl.

Instr. and Meth. A455(2000)784-7904. The white noise generator. Patent Jfe 4364, RK, 1997.

UZ0603170

APPLICATION OF X-RAY FLUORESCENCEAND INSTRUMENTAL NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS

AT PROCESSING OF DIFFERENT MO- AND W- WASTE

Mirsagatova A.A.^.Mukhamedshina N.M1, Yarmolik A.C.2

Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2OOONTF "Mezon - Ch", Chirchik, Uzbekistan

Lack of molybdenum and tungsten in republic in increasingly forces technologists toprocess Mo - and W- man-caused waste and utilize Mo - products - catalysts, casing of nuclearmaterials etc. These wastes can contain various elements and before development of theirprocessing method it is necessary for technologists to know their elemental composition. For thispurpose the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method is most suitable allowing determining instant of allelements with Z > 19 and their relative contents. The quantitative contents of each element can bedetermined when the contents of one of them is known. Usually the contents of the basic metal(Mo, W) and elements which can be determined under the given conditions of an irradiation andmeasurement are determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA).

The aim of this work is the development and application of Mo and W extraction modesfrom the above-named materials and techniques of INAA and XRF analysis for determining thecontent of Mo, W and other elements.The following mode of processing of Mo man- caused waste has been proposed:

i) Burning of the material at a temperature of 600-700°C for removal of organic substancesand transfer the undecomposed molybdenite to molybdenum trioxide and decomposition of



ferromolybdate to MOO3 and FeO3; ii) Leaching of the burnt material by sodium carbonate.Treatment by the soda solution ensures transfer in aqueous phase of the Ca, Fe, and Cumolybdates. It does not achieve at ammonia leaching; iii) Acidation of solutions to pH = 2 - 3 andthe Mo extraction on anionites VP-1P and A-100 with production of the marketable ammoniummolybdate.

Control of Mo and other accompanying elements contents is necessary at each of thetechnology stage. Using the XRF in technological processes requires the standards, which shouldbe close to analyzed products not only by composition, but also by granularity in case ofpowders. To prepare a standard for each product is very difficult, so it is necessary to know inadvance its chemical composition and physical state. The Mo contents in samples, taken indifferent places of the waste storage, were determined by semiquantitative analysis on the MoKaintensity. The points (7) with maximal intensities were marked on map of the waste storage.Samples were taken from each of them and analyzed by INAA and XRF (Fe, Pb and Cu) (seeTable).

JVS

1234567

Table. Content of elements in1 samples taken at 7 points of the waste storageContent, %

Mo

9.59.89.06.911.35.86.0

Fe

2.341.741.771.142.190.802.33

Cu

0.710.430.310.280.390.160.23

As

0.0300.0580.0400.0360.0530.0170.068

Ag

0.020.0230.0220.0210.0270.0250.022

Sb

0.0430.0580.0270.0320.0350.0400.042

W

0.410.270.330.180.400.210.44

Re

0.0550.0090.0230.0040.04

0.0170.012

An

0.00320.00920.00720.00660.00820.0100.010

Pb

2.383.591.932.452.442.932.56

The circuit processing of the tungsten waste consists of the following stages: 1. washingHNO3 during 2 hours to pH =1; 2. separation on fractions; 3. addition in fine fraction ofconcentrated HNO3 for production of tungstic acid.

Counts

320 i.\ c

280 I

240 j .

200;.

i160 I

124|40 =

2

3

j

|LiK

Hi'I

4

VFe

j fa j

III I l'' v1 v / / V'sA6 8 10 12 14 16

teV

i

;;

: |: ;

Ii !18

Count1080.

960 •

I840 i

720J

600 I

480*t

360 L

240 :

120 [

i

Ti!ii!

17.5

j

TIn

j

I

| |

Sn

!! I

i ;i :

Ba ii

1 !y

20 22.5 25 27.5 30 32 5 35 37.5keV

/ 2Fig. Spectra of the initial W -waste sample, excited by the 109Cd (1) and 241Am (2) sources.The spectra of the initial W - waste sample measured using the 109Cd and 241Am sources areshown in Fig.

The study supported by STCU grant Uzb-126


•%$ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP;2006

BACTERIAL EFFECT OF ACCELERATED ELECTRONSON SEVERAL PATHOGENES

HUM Hill Hill Iflllllilll Mill iiiiiiHM*^i ^ I A

UZ0603171 Butaev M.K. , Bulkhanov R.U. , Safarov A.N. ,Ryasnyanskii I.V.1, Mirzaev B.Sh.1, Suleymanov R.D.2

'Research Institute of Veterinary of Uzbekistan, Samarkand, Uzbekistan2State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

Applied radiobiology assumes the use of results of fundamental studies of radiobiologicalphenomena which can serve as the basis for the development of certain technological processes.Radiation biotechnology (RBT) arises from applied radiobiology and is its natural sequel. RBTincludes the development of the methods and techniques to use the energy of ionizing radiation invarious areas of human activities including scientific research which is aimed at the production ofbiological medications which are useful for veterinary [1].

It is known that in order to obtain the vaccine for veterinary it is necessary to use physical,in particular, thermal and chemical effects. It was noted that in these processes the antigenicstructure of bacterial cells which is responsible for creation of immunity is destroyed. The use ofionizing radiation as one of the factors of influence on bacteria gives the possibility to reduce thevirulence to a minimum while preserving immunogenic properties of microorganism and notdestroying its antigenic structure.

The issue of simultaneous vaccination of the cubs of farm animals against several infectiousdiseases is important not only in theoretical but also in applied area since it determines the choiceof strategy to increase the efficiency of preventive measures. Taking into account frequent casesof cubs' infection by pasteurellesis, salmonellesis and colibacterillesis in mono- and mixedforms, the radiation biotechnology to construct radiovaccines against infectious diseases wasdeveloped in laboratory of radiobiology of Research Institute of Veterinary of Uzbekistan(RIVU) [2].

Radiation biotechnology allows to produce highly effective mono-associated and polyvalentradiovaccines against the most widespread diseases of farm animals, especially the cubs. Usingthe mentioned radiation biotechnology, "Associated radiovaccine against colibacterillesis andsalmonellesis of small cattle" and "Associated radiovaccine against colibacterillesis andsaimonellesis of calves" were developed in RIVU. By widening the application field ofdeveloped radiation biotechnology the "Polyvalent vaccine against pasteurellesis, salmonellesisand colibacterillesis of farm animals" was created in recent years. The mentioned radiovaccineswere successfully tested in laboratory and working environment and are widely used in veterinarypractice in the farms of the Republic of Uzbekistan [3].

For further broadening of the possibility to use the radiation biotechnology and to enrich thenative arsenal of veterinary biomedication, it is presently planned to conduct large-scale researchon the use of accelerated electrons (AE) to obtain in perspective new preventive materials.Several results of the beginning stage of this research are given in the present report.

The suspensions of pathogenic strains of pasteurellesis, salmonellesis and Escherichia Colistrains were exposed to irradiation by accelerated electrons of microtron MT-22C. Taking intoaccount the slightly higher resistance of bacteria against irradiation by accelerated electrons ascompared to gamma-irradiation, the doses from 400 to 1100 kRad were used. At this, the specialattention was paid to control the distribution of linear density of the current in scanning of AEbeam, the distribution of linear density of the current in perpendicular scanning of AE beam andthe value of absorbed dose. The studies showed that at AE irradiation by 400 kRad dose the


<{§§> The Sixth Internationa] Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September ] 9-22, 2006MPNP'2006

bacterial survival rate is about 10 %, at 500 kRad - 2-3 %, 600 kRad - less than 1 %. At the doseof 800 kRad only isolated colonies of bacteria survived. At AE irradiation by 900 kRad -1 .1MRad dose, there was no increase the growth of bacteria's number. Since these data wereobtained at the multiple repetition of results, it can be supposed that the minimal absoiutedevitalizing AE irradiation dose of bacteria lies in the region 0.9-1.0 MRad. At this, someinterspecies and even intraspecies peculiarities in the sensitivity of pasteurellesis, salmonellesisand Escherichia Coli strains were discovered.

It was determined that salmonellesis and Escherichia Coli strains are more stable to AEirradiation than the strains of pasteurellesis. In the nearest perspective it is planned to workthrough all physical and biological irradiation parameters for these bacteria in order to developradiation biotechnology (using AE) for designing the vaccines for veterinary.

References:1. A.M.Kuzin D.A.Kaushanskii, Prikladnaya radiobiologiya, M., Energoizdat, 1981.2. Bulkhanov R.U., Butaev M.K., Mirsaev B.Sh., Ryasnynskiy I.V., Yuldashev R.Yu. Vaccines

for veterinary, made the help of radiative technique// The Third Eurasian Conference NuclearScience and Application/ Book of Abstracts, Tashkent, 2004, p.235-236.

3. R.U.Bulkhanov, Polivalentnaya radiovaktsina protiv paterelleza, salmonelleza ikolibakterioza sleskohozyaistvennih jivotnih // Proceedings of 2nd International Conference«Monitoring rasprostraneniya i predotvrasheniya osobo opasnih boleznei jivotnih»,Samarkand, 2004, p. 50-5 3.

UZ0603172

SEARCH AND STUDYING OF SALT RESISTINGBACTERIA -DESTRUCTORS OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES

WITH HELP OF TRITIUM LABELED PCBs

Kim A.A.1, Djumaniyazova G.I.2, Djuraeva G.T.1, Dadakhanov J.A.1,Yadgarov Kh.T.2, Zinovev P.V.2, Norbaeva Kh.2

Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2 Institute of Genetics and Experimental Biology of Plants, UJcari-Uz, Uzbekistan

Salinization of soils is one of serious problems of agriculture of Uzbekistan. The problem isalso aggravated as the salted soils are strongly contaminated with pesticides. We isolatedaboriginal active strains of bacteria - destructors of organochlorine compounds from soilscontaminated by pesticides (HCCH, DDT, PCBs). We investigated their cultural-morphologicaland physiological -biochemical properties and determined their taxonomic position.

In laboratory experiments the effect of various concentrations of NaCl - 3%-5-7-10-20-30-40-50 % and reproduction of the active strains - destructors was investigated. It was found thatthe culture N° 20 stands the NaCl concentration -up to 3 %, culture N° 505 - up to 7 % salt inmedium that specifies ability of this culture to survive in the middle salinated soils, cultures N° 28and 33 stand the NaCl concentration up to 30-40 % that characterize their survival rate in


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNF'2006

strongly salinated soils; the culture N° 26 stood the NaCl concentration up to 50 % thatcharacterizes its ability to survive and propagate in brackish soils.

With the help of designed radiochemical methods we had been explored ability of the activesalt resisting strains of bacteria to utilize and destroy the tritium labeled PCBs. The precisequantity and quality characteristics of the PCB-destructive activity of each investigated strainwere received. The salt resisting strains of bacteria having high PCB-destructive activity weredetermined.

At present, investigation on development of the new biological preparation designed fordestruction of persistent organochlorine compounds in salted soils are carried out.

UZ0603173

RESEARCH OF PROPERTIES OF ACTIVE NITROGENFIXING STRAINS OF CYANOBACTERIA- DESTRUCTORS

OF PESTICIDES WITH USE OF TRITIUM LABELLEDPOLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS

Kim A.A.1, Kadirova G.H.2, Djuraeva G.T.1, Dadakhanov J.A.1,Khalilov I.M.2, Djabarova O.I.2

institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2 Institute of Microbiology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Earlier we developed the approach of integrated estimation of PCB-destructive activity ofsoil bacteria, including method of gas chromatography (GC) and developed complex ofradiochemical methods with use of tritium labeled PCBs.

For study of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) biodegradation we developed the complexof simple and effective radiochemical methods of estimation of PCB-destructive activity of soilbacteria strains. All these radiochemical methods are based on use of tritium labeled complextechnical mix of PCB congeners (Sovol) as radiotracer.

The purpose of our researches is studying activity of nitrogen fixation and destructions ofpesticides by local salt resistant strains of cyanobacteria isolated from of salinized soils ofUzbekistan, genus: Nostoc, Anabaena, Gloeothece, Synechococcus.

Cyanobacteria are widespread in the soil biocenoses. High resistance of cyanobacteriaagainst desiccation, salinity, high temperatures, ultra-violet and radioactive irradiation allowsthem to survive in extreme ecological conditions. They are widespread on virgin lands and playthe big role in nitrogenous balance of soils of moderate region. So, cyanobacteria have anexclusive adaptability to changed environmental conditions because of presence of somephysiological features: ability to carry out of oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis,heterotropheous photoassimilation, ability to carry out of fixation of molecular nitrogen, ability tooxidize of sulfur compounds, ability to destroy of many organic substrates, including herbicides,pesticides, mineral oil.

Studying of salinity resistance of various strains of cyanobacteria has shown that practicallyall researched cultures survive at the highest concentrations (600mM) NaCl.

For definition of a physiological state of cyanobacteria at a salt stress nitrogen-fixingactivity of salt resisting strains which grew on nitrogen-free medium at concentration of chloride


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNF'2006

of sodium 100 - 500 mM has been investigated. (Fig. 1). It was found that the salification up to200 mM does not influence on the growth and nitrogen-fixing activity of researched strains ofcyanobacteria. Visible fall of nitrogen-fixing activity is marked at concentration of salt of 300mM. So, the increase of concentration NaCl up to 500 mM results in supression activity ofnitrogenase. It is necessary to note, that active nitrogen fixers in conditions of a salification aresalt resistant local strains of cyanobacteria: Nostoc pruniforme, Nostoc calcicola and Gloeothecerupestris.

- • - 1-*~2

: 3• • * • • 4

100 200 300 400 500 600

mM, NaCl

Fig.l. Acetylene-reductase activity of nitrogenase of cyanobacteria depending onconcentration of NaCl in without nitrogen media.1. Nostoc calcicola. 2. Cloeothece rupestris. 3. Nostoc pruniforme. 4. Anabaena variabilis.

With the help of developed radiochemical methods we investigated the PCB-destructiveactivity of active cyanellae strains.

The velocity of degradation of tritium labeled PCBs by cyanobacteria strains was measured.We obtained precise quantitative characteristics of PCB-destructive activity of each investigatedstrain of cyanobacteria. Additionally samples were analyzed by gas chromatography. Thus,application of the developed approach allows rather fast and precisely to determine the PCB-destructive activity of cyanobacteria strains.

UZ0603174

RADIOAUTOGRAPHIC TEST FOR GENETIC COTTONTRANSFORMATION BY pCaVItoxneo HYBRID PLASMID

Iraamkhodjaeva A.S."Botanika " Scientific-Production Center, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Search for novel technologies in biology, application of up-to-date methods in geneengineering, manipulation with the recombinant DNA, in particular, open opportunities forexperiments with plants.



To identify some DNA fragments in an organism's genome, radioautographic methods,such as dot- and blot-hybridization are frequently used. As a rule, genomic DNA is first isolatedfrom the plant's organ. Its purification and subsequent manipulation is followed by hybridizationwith a probe labeled with radioactive components. The purified DNA, cDNA of RNA reversetranscription or a DNA fragment cloned in E-coli could serve as the probe. Radioautographvshows homologically hybridized fragments.

We have performed express dot-hybridization analysis on hybrid plasm id transformation ofG.Hirsutum L. (108F) and G. Barbadense L. (C-6037) cotton sorts. pCaVItoxneo plasmidobtained on the basis of independently replicated plasmid-Iike DNA of the G.Hirsutum L.(pGHm2) cotton mitochondria was used (Yusupov T., 1994). There are hybrid two-domain geneof insectotoxin and enzymatically active kanamycine - phosphotransferase in the plasmid. Thewhole content is controlled by the plant promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus (19 S SFMV). Theplasmid in question was added to the pollen sprouting medium followed by the transfer of thesuspension on the pistil stigmas of the pre-prepared cotton flowers. The seed budding as theresult of the experiment were analyzed by means of dot-hybridization method.

DNA probes used for radioactive hybridization were labeled by method of Fainberg andVagelstein (1990). To perform that DNA was dissolved in Tris-EDTA (10:1), containing lOmMof Tris HC1 and lmM EDTA, denaturated at 100°C for 2 minutes with subsequent addition ofoligonucteotide primers and annealing. DNA synthesis in the presence of 32P labeled dATP anddCTP (Tashkent) was performed in the reaction mixture of potassium-phosphate buffercontaining 67mM of MgCl2, 1 mg/ml of BSA, lmM methyl ester, 0.5mM of GTF and TTF, 10-20 mkCu of dATF and dCTF labeled with 32P, 2.5 Units of activity of Klyonov's fragment(DNA polymerase I). Radioactive phosphorous inclusion percent was determined by means offollowing successive washing of filters from the labeled mixture with phosphate buffer andethanol.

As the result of 20 G.Hirsutum L. and 44 G. Barbadense L plants grown from theexperimental seeds 12 and 25 versions of positive dot-hybridization signals were respectivelyobtained. This is to be the evidence for integration of hybrid plasmid into the genome ofexperimental plants. The subsequent generation DNA was treated with the Hind III and BamH Irestriction fragments to perform blot-hybridization.

Thus, radioautography has been found important for analysis of genome of experimentalplants without signs morphologically manifested.

UZ0603175

ABOUT NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY METHOD DEVELOPMENTAT WWR-SM REACTOR IN INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS

OF UZBEKISTAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Abdullaeva G.A.1, Baytelesov S.A.1, Gritsay O.O.2, Dosimbaev A.A.1, Koblik Yu.N.1

'institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2Institute for Nuclear Research, Kiev, Ukraine

Neutron capture therapy (NCT) is developing method of swellings treatment, on whichspecialists set one's serious hopes, as at its realization the practical possibilities of the effect on


• ^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNF2006 ffl??...

any swellings open. The essence of method is simple and lies in the fact that to the swelling enterpreparation containing boron or gadolinium, which one have a large capture cross-section of thethermal and slow neutrons. Then the swelling is irradiated once with the slow (epithermal)neutron beam with fluency about 109 neutrons / cm2s for a short time and single. As a result ofthermal neutrons capture by the boron (or gadolinium) nuclei secondary radiation which affectingswelling cells is emitted.

NCT of oncologic diseases makes the specific demands to physical parameters of neutronbeams. Now research reactors are often used for NCT. However, research reactor WWR-SM(INP, Uzbekistan AS, Tashkent) doesn't provide with the epithermal neutron beams and todevelop this technique the reactor, first of all, needs for obtaining the epithermal neutron beamswith energy spectrum in range from 1 eV up to 10 keV and with intensity ~ 109 neutron /cm2-s.Practically it is connected with upgrade of at least one of existed reactor channels, namely withequipping with the special equipments (filters), forming from the reactor spectrum the beam ofnecessary energy neutrons. It requires realization of preliminary model calculations, includingcalculations of capture cross-sections, of filters types and their geometrical parameters on thebasis of optimal selected materials. Such calculations, as a rule, are carried out on the basis ofMonte-Carlo method and designed software for calculation of nuclear reactor physical andtechnical characteristics [1].

In this work the calculation results of devices variants and problems discussion, related withpossibility of WWR-SM reactor using for NCT are presented.

Reference:1. Briesmeister J.F. MCNP - A general Monte Carlo n-particle transport code. 2000, LA-

13709M.

UZ0603176

DETERMINATION OF BROMINE AND ACCOMPANYING ELEMENTSIN HYDROMINERAL RAW MATERIALS BY INSTRUMENTAL

NEUTRON ACTIVATION TECHNIQUE

Bakiev S-n.A.1, Bakiev S-m.A.2, Rakhmanov J.1, Khasanov F.Kh.1, Khudayberdieva F.1

Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2Institute Hydroingeo, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

At present the important problem is to find new sources of mineral raw materials. Amongthem underground waters can be the source of most industrial-valuable and rare elements (I, Br,Sr, Cs, Rb, B, Li and others)

Previously, we have developed the method for determination of iodine in hydromineralsamples by using neutron activation analysis.

In present work we have developed the method to determine the bromine and otheraccompanying elements in hydromineral raw materials. The bromine is also important elementafter iodine in hydromineral raw material. The bromine is determined by radioisotope 82Br,Ti/2 =1,47 days, EY=554,3 keV.



The nuclear-physical properties of bromine and radioisotopes of other elements with closehalf-lives, the influence of competitive nuclear reactions and interference lines have been studied.The optimization of temporary parameters of analysis has been carried out. Thus, the method fordetermination of Br, Au, Sm, La and Na in hydromineral raw materials by instrumental neutronactivation analysis has been developed.

The dry residue (after evaporation of 1 ml sample) is irradiated in vertical channel ofnuclear reactor (neutron flux is lxl01 4 n/cm2 s) for 15 hours. The samples were measured(tmeas=400 sec) with Ge detector after 10-15 days of "cooling".

The determination limits of elements are Br-0.8 mg/1; Au-0.7 u.g/1; Sm-0.1|j.g/l; La-15 ug/1;Na-2mg/l at this regime of analysis.

The analysis for a number of industrial samples to determine these elements is carried out.The samples with enhanced industrial -valuable concentration of elements have been found.

The correlation dependence between bromine and sodium contents is determined.The comparison of results for neutron activation analysis and chemical analysis methods

has been carried out. It shows the satisfactory agreement between them.

UZ0603177

NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF PURE URANIUMUSING PRECONCENTRATION

Sadikov I.I., Rakhimov A.V., Salimov M.I., Zinov'ev V.G.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Uranium and its compounds are used as nuclear fuel, and requirements for purity of initialuranium are very high. Therefore highly sensitive and multielemental analysis of uranium isrequired. One of such methods is neutron activation analysis (NAA).

During irradiation of uranium by nuclear reactor neutrons the induced radioactivity of asample is formed by uranium radionuclide 239U (Y\a — 23,4 min.) and its daughter radionuclide239Np (T1/2 = 2,39 d). Short-lived 239U almost completely decays in 24 hours after irradiation and theradioactivity of the sample is mainly due to 239Np and is more than 109 Bq for 0.1 g of uraniumsample (F = MO14 cm"2s"', tjn-. = 5h). That is why nondestructive determination of the impurities isimpossible and they should be separated from 239Np.

When irradiated uranium yields fission products - radionuclides of some elements withmass numbers 91-104 and 131-144. The main problem in NAA of uranium is to take into accountcorrectly the influence of fission products on the analysis results.

We have developed a radiochemical separation procedure for RNAA of uranium [1].Comparing the results of analysis carried out by radiochemical NAA and instrumental NAA withpreconcentration of trace elements can be used for evaluating the interference of fission productson uranium analysis results. Preconcentration of trace elements have been carried out byextraction chromatography in "TBP - 6M HNO3" system [1]. Experiments have shown that if 0.1g uranium sample is taken for analysis (F = MO14 cm'V1 , tjrr. =5h) the apparent concentration ofY, Zr, Mo, Cs, La, Ce, Pr, Nd exceeds the true concentration by 2500-3000 times and sodetermination of these elements is not possible by radiochemical NAA.


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006mp-so

Reference:1. Sadikov 1.1., Salimov M.I., Rakhimov A.V., Zinov'ev V.G/ Radiochemical separation of

neptunium for radiochemical activation analysis of pure uranium.// The fifth Intern.Conf."Modern problems of Nuclear Physics" 12-15 August, 2003, Samarkand. Book of abstract, p.325

UZ0603178

ON THE POSSIBILITY OF USING SMALLAMOUNTS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN MEDICINE

Abibullaev N.A., Begimkulov Kh.Kh., Osmanov B.S., Safarov A.N.Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

It is known that the use of nuclear radiation for diagnoses andtreatment of human diseases represents the modern method. Highradioactivities are shipped to countries and regions and are distributedinto certain doses for preparation of vaccines. However, it is often thecase when the region does not require high radioactivities. Forexample, consultation with doctors showed that not more than 10patients arrive to hospitals for treatment in the city of Samarkand andthe province per day. For the region, it is sufficient to obtain severalradionuclides.

The radionuclides 57Co, 99mTc and 115mIn obtained by us possesnuclear-physics properties which meet the requirements of beammedicine. On fig. a, b, c, y-spectra of mentioned radionuclides obtainedby nuclear reaction schemes on microtron bremsstrahlung are shown:

a) 58Ni (y, n) 57Ni ,keV,T. /2271d)

-^--99mTc(Ey140 keV, T/2 66 h)

n 6 115c) n 6Cd (y, n) 115Cd n5m In(EY366 keV, T>/2 4,5 h) 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 BOO 900

Production and radiochemical techniques for consideredradionuclides were developed. 1

In the presentation, the issues of wide application of generated |radionuclides obtained at microtron will be discussed. i

10'

10'

1

3

S

V

C .s

S

j

. 1,1,1150 300 450 600

E.keV


The S ixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006.. . ' . . _ ;_ __

INTERACTIVE USER'S APPLICATION TO GENIE 2000SPECTROSCOPY SYSTEM FOR AUTOMATION OF HAIR

NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS

UZ06031179 B a k i e v s-A-> Danilova E.A., Kadirova M.. Kadirov U.S.,Kist A.A., Osinskaya N.S., Rakhmanov J.


In recent years lower plants such as mosses or lichens and for arid countries bark and leavesof tree have been used as biomonitors in environmental studies. Alongside with plants the traceelemental human hair composition also has been used as an indicator of pollution of natural andindustrial environments. Because of convenience, easy access, nondestruction of sampling, andalso preservation of information for a long time period, human hair even more often and widelyused in various researches. In the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Academy of Sciences of theRepublic of Uzbekistan hair trace element analysis in environment monitoring and mapping andin health status studies have been used.

Scientist of activation analysis laboratory always has a lot of routine work on biologicalobjects analysis, so they regularly improved applied nuclear techniques. At present one of suchgood work-out technique is consider a hair multielement instrumental neutron activation analysisusing single comparator standard method.

Since in frames of the "Enhanced nuclear techniques for materials identification" STCUproject, the Radioanalytical Center (RAC) was created in October 2004, for analysis such objectsas metals and alloys, minerals and ores, hydrogeological samples, technological products, soils,fertilizers, biological samples, foodstuff, water, sediments, construction materials, as well asmaterials of unknown composition the unique equipment of RAC have been used. For example,human hair analysis has performed on the base of HP Ge-detector with high resolution gamma-spectrometer of Canberra Industries, Inc. Genie-2000 Spectroscopy System of Canberraspectrometers, represents the true state of the art in spectroscopy software platforms. Genie 2000is a comprehensive set of capabilities for acquiring and analyzing spectra from MultichannelAnalyzers (MCA). Its functions include MCA control, spectral display and manipulation, basicspectrum analysis and reporting.

Genie 2000 software is available in several variations and with several layered optionalpackages. Genie 2000 Basic Spectroscopy and Gamma Analysis Software, which available inRAC permitting us automatically obtain nuclide identification report with all needed parameters.Any applications of Genie 2000 software have not possibility to calculate analyzed elementsconcentration. For automation this step of INAA by using Canberra Genie 2000 SpectroscopySystem we developed user's "Human hair analysis Application" software for single comparatorstandard method of hair INAA. The work with the developed Application for GENIE-2000begins with the menu, which contains four items.

1. Copying of the data2. Data input3. Viewing, editing and analyzing of the data4. EXITThe item "Copying of the data" makes copying the entered values of special user

parameters from one data source into another. It is very user-friendly. It is enough to him once inone data source to enter values of necessary parameters (nuclides name, y-lines value, factors of


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006 a(p

transformation for various times of an irradiation and cooling). Further, with the help ofprocedure "Copying of the data" he can transfer them to any other data source. The item "Datainput" is carried out with the help of Graphical Batch Tools function GBT_PARS and speciallydeveloped set of Form Design Specification (FDS) files for this function.

This developed Application works in interactive environment as a dialogue system withuser and allows calculating required nuclides concentration in analyzed samples, separately forlong-lived, middle-lived and short-lived nuclides. Using the Nuclide Library Editor andcomprehensive standard libraries of Genie package we created three custom libraries:Stdlib.HairL, Stdlib.HairM, Stdlib.HairS, accordingly for long-, middle- and short-lived nuclides.After processing of the next data source the Application returns the user to the menu. From herehe can continue data processing, having chosen the following data source, or through menu itemEXIT to leave from the application. Thus, the user has opportunity to calculate various typerequired nuclides concentration (with sufficient algorithm for long-, middle- and short-livednuclides) any number of data sources not leaving from the application. In report will be shownexamples of some real human hair spectra's processing with developed Application by usingGraphical Batch Tools, FDS files and REXX script language packaged in Genie 2000Spectroscopy System.

The studies are supported by STCU Grant Uzb-109.

U20603180

RADIOCHEMICAL NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSISOF HIGH PURE PALLADIUM AND PLATINUM

BY ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY

Sadikov LI., Zinov'ev V.G., Sadikova Z.O., Salimov M.I.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The palladium and platinum are widely used for jewel manufacture because of theirbeautiful white color. However the most part of these metals are widely adopted in the world ascatalysts. Many works on analytical chemistry of platinum group elements published during lastyears are devoted to determination of platinum and palladium in other materials. There are noarticles on analysis technique of the palladium and platinum purity published during last 20 years.Available publications are very old and are published till 70th of the last century, and implementchemical and spectral methods. At the same time, the palladium and platinum are very suitablefor NAA. Therefore the purpose of our research was development of high-sensitivity andmultielement techniques of radiochemical neutron activation analysis of a high pure palladiumand platinum.

Research of nuclear characteristics of palladium and platinum has shown that radioactivenuclides with different yields are formed under the reactor neutrons. 109 ' ln> ulmPd, 109m' i nAg,!9U97'199Pt, 199Au are the most important among them. 109Pd separation factor is equal to 1.105 atpalladium analysis, whereas 197Pt and i99Au separation factor is equal to 1.104 at the platinumanalysis every other day after irradiation.


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems ofNudear Physics", September 19-22,2006

Palladium and platinum can be separated by precipitation, extraction and ion exchangemethods. For separation of radioactive nuclide of the matrix elements from the impurity elementswe used ion exchange chromatography system Dowex-lx8 - 1 M HNO3 for palladium andDowex-lx8 - 0.1 M HNO3 for platinum.

At the HNO3 acid concentrations variation from 0,1 M to 1 M more then 25 elements havedistribution factors less than 1 and 10 elements have distribution factors 5 while matrix elementshave distribution factors higher than 100. It allows an effective separation of these elements frompalladium and platinum. Optimum sizes of the chromatographic column and the column effluentvolume was obtained by elution curve of the determined elements and distribution profile of thematrix elements. Chemical yields of determined elements were measured by «entered - found»method. Chemical yields of Sn is 31.2%; Zn is 54.5%; Se is 74.% 1, and for other elements it ismore than 85 %.

Based on the carried out researches the radiochemical neutron activation analysistechniques of a high pure palladium and platinum are developed. These techniques allowdetermination of more than 30 elements with detection limits 10"5-10"9 % with Sr 0.15-0.2

UZ0603181

SCINTILLATION y-SPECTRUM OF RAIN

Azimov A.N.1, Muminov A.T.2, Muminov I.T.2, Khudoiberdiev A.T.2,Muhamedov A.K.1, Safarov A.A.1, Safarov A.N.1

1 Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan2 Research Institute of Applied Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Natural radionuclides (NRN) in the atmosphere are caused by the exhalation of radon fromthe surface, by entrance from Earth's surface with dust and evaporation of NR of uranium-thorium families and 40K, by penetration with cosmic dust, meteorites, etc. of several cosmogenicradionuclides (CRN) which are formed in atmosphere in nuclear splitting reactions of oxygen andnitrogen atoms by cosmic rays. In the atmosphere radionuclides are captured by dust particles andaerosols and are deposited on Earth's surface with precipitation. Apparently, radioactivity ofatmosphere and atmospheric fallouts depends on various geo- and cosmic factors, weatherconditions, etc. and its study gives the information necessary for solving many applied andfundamental tasks of the physics of atmosphere [1].

In the present work, the scintillation y-spectrometric method to study radioactivity ofrainwater is proposed.

The collection of rainwater was done at the start of rainfall from the gutter on the roof of thebuilding of Nuclear Physics Laboratory of Samarkand State University into 1-litre Marinellibeaker. The time from sample collection to the measurement was 9 min.

The measurements of sample's y-spectrum was done on y-spectrometer with Nal(Tl) crystal0 63x63 mm. the calibration of the detector by registration efficiency was done with the help of226Ra source from OSGI set with filling densities p = 880 gr/1 and activity AR=8,I47 (570) Bq/1[2].


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 DNIP-50

i = 1,2,...,8 consecutive measurements of samples were done with duration t - 30 min each(fig.l). They can be presented as Dj=Pj+ B;+L+F - sums of y-radiation components: P; and B,-decay chain -> 2!4Pb (26.8 min) -* 214Bi (19.7 min) ->.., daughter RN 222Rn (3.83 d), L-long-lived CRN and NRN, F-background. We can set D8=L+F, since P8«B8« «0, then V|=Di-D8=Pj+Bj. Comparison, for example, of V] and V2 allows to decompose Vj into Pi and Bi: - atfirst, the component aBi= V2expA,pt-Vi is extracted, where a<l, then, by empirically selecting thefactor b=l/a, we set Pi= Vi-baBi. The number of decays AAf and AAf which correspond to thecomponents Pi and Bi is set by their comparison with the standard source's spectrum of 226Ra(measurement duration TR) which can be presented as R=r+Pconst+BConst (background was

226 214Tsubtracted), where r- the spectrum of 186 keV Ra, Pconst and Bconsrequilibrium spectra of Pb

and 214Bi (AP=AB): starting from r=R-cPj-dBi, we empirically determine factors c and d (fig.l)

which allow to determine AA f =ART/CTR and AA f = ART^XR. If we assume that there is an

equilibrium between 214Pb and 214Bi during the formation (to) of rain drops, then the values AAf

and AAf allow to determine t\=Ln[a^,Xp/ap(X^-AXAAf/AAf)] /AX, Ao=(AAfexpX.pti)/<Tp,

where CTB=[l-exp(-A,BT)]/^B, cfp-[l-exp(-A,px)]M,p, AX,=XB-A-P. Intensities of the spectra Vj, P, andBj and their decay curves are shown on fig.2.

1 0 '

E . k i V

—

X^ ~ :

—p,

N

r. =

B

= - • - • • - =

1

^ >

J

NT , rn In

Fig. 1. Spectra of samples D (t]-240 min), Di(ti-30 min), D2 (ti +210-240 min), differencespectra Vi = Dj - D2, spectra Pi(214Pb), Bi(fl4Bi), R (226Ra), r (186 keV 226Ra).

Fig. 2. Intensities of spectra Vj, Pi, B;and their decay curves T1/2(214Pb^214Bi->) » 32 min, Ao =265(30) Bq/1, ti = 30(1) min.

References:1. I.L.Karol, S.G.Malakhov, Voprosi yadernoi meteorologii, M., Gosatomizdat, 1962.2. Certificate of VNIIM named after D.I.Mendeleev JVe 110/95.



UZ0603182

Y-SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF ATMOSPHERICFALLOUT RADIOACTIVITY

Kungurov F.R.1, Muminov LT.2, Muhamedov A.K.1,Safarov A.A.1, Safarov A.N.1, Tangabayev A.1

1 Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan2Research Institute of Applied Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The basic contribution in y-spectrum of atmospheric fallouts is made by 7Be (Ti/2=54 days)cosmogenic radionuclide (CRN) and 40K, 226Ra subrow and 232Th row of natural radionuclides(NRN) [1].

Atmospheric fallouts selection method consists of:Exposing for a period of 1 month on the roof of the building of 100x100x10 cm3 ditch,

whose bottom is smeared with glycerin and covered with gauze pad,Water steaming in ditch (in rainy seasons), wiping it with gauze and drying gauze,Packing gauze in one-liter Marinelli vessel (probe's density p=200-250 g/1).

Measurements were carried out on y-spectrometers with scintillation (S) NaJ(Tl) 063x63mm, AEY/661 keV~10% and Ge(Li) detector (g) V=100 cm3, AE^6,3 keV at EY=1332 keV.Spectrometers calibration and resolution of scintillation y-spectra on components was done bymeans of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K standard sources from OMACH set with p=215, 230 and 250 g/1fillers densities, respectively [2].

7Be activities in monthly atmospheric fallouts in 2004 and 2005 in Samarkand are shown inthe table.

Table.7Be activity (Bk/m2) in 2004 and 2005.

MonthA(AA)2004A(AA)2005

1104(10)124(14)

258(5)43(5)

3115(10)99(10)

492(8)83(9)

5133(12)208(21)

624(3)38(8)

797(7)<1

831(4)99(10)

924(3)<1

1083(8)38(5)

11300(40)74(8)

12135(15)108(11)

Measured probe's spectra of exposed - Ps and Pg and unexposed - Ms H Mg (as backgroundspectrum) gauze pads and spectrum differences APS=PS-MS and APg=Pg-Mg (atmospheric fallouts"clean" spectra) are shown on figure 1. Here is also demonstrated APS spectrum resolution oncomponents, where ERa, En, and EK are spectra of standard sources [3], and 7Be-B=APs-AE-m-AERa-AEK. "clean" spectra standardized by intensity to APS were used as components. APS andAPg spectra comparison (Ge(Li) spectra intensities standardized by cost of channel toscintillation) shows more than 3 times superiority of scintillation detector over GE(Li) in y-radiation registration efficiency.


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006DVP-SO

P ( 6,05 x1Os imp.)

I"c.400-

400

hji Bn (2,80x10" imp). A ^ 5,8(15) Bk/m2

xiO

- | X10

1 CK (1,26x10* imp). A,,= 6,8(20) Bk/m2

800

400

0

B=APs-ETh-ERi-Et (3,78x103 imp.)

A ^ 108(11) Bk/m2

0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 2100 2400 2700E7, keV

Fig. 1. Scintillation-S (0,65 keV/ch) and Ge(Li)-g (2,6 keV/ch) y-spectrum of exposed Ps,Pg and unexposed Ms and Mg gauze pads, "clean" spectrums of atmospheric fallouts APS

and APg. Spectrum resolution APs on standardized spectrums Ejh, ER3 and EK, "clean"spectrum 7Be-B (spectrum intensities in brackets)

References:1. Kungurov F.R., Muminov A.T., Muminov I.T., Muhamedov A.K., Safarov A.N. Scintillation

y-spectrometrical method of atmospheric fallouts of 7Be activity determination. The thirdEurasian conference. Nuclear science and its application. Book of abstracts, Tashkent, 2004,p. 183-184.

2. Certificate of VNIIM named after D.I.Mendeleev JfollO/95.3. Application of NaI(Tl) detector for measurement of natural radionuclides and l37Cs in

environmental samples: new approach by decomposition of measured spectrum.I.T.Muminov, A.K.Muhamedov, B.S.Osmanov, A.A.Safarov, A.N.Safarov. Journal ofEnvironmental Radioactivity, v.84 p.321-331, (2005).


$Q The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006

RADIOACTIVITY OF SOIL(SCINTILLATION y-SPECTROMETRIC TECHNIQUE)

Azimov A.N.1, Kalanov S.2, Kungurov F.R.1, Muminov T.2,Muhamedov A.K.1, Safarov A.N.1, Tangabaev A.A.2, Khazratov T.1

'Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

Illllllllllllilllllii 2ResearchInstitute °J'Applied Physics, Tashkent, UzbekistanUZ0603183

In the present work the technique for decomposition of scintillation y-spectra [1] as appliedto soil samples is demonstrated.

The measurement was done on y-spectrometer with Nal(Tl) crystal, 0 63x63 mm,AEY/1332 keV = 10%. The sample was prepared by selecting the upper soil layer on virgin areawith subsequent drying, powdering, sieving (2x2 mm fraction) and hermetical packing in 1-litreMarinelli beaker (sample density 1350 gr/1). The calibration of the spectrometer in y-radiationregistration efficiency and decomposition of spectra into components were done using standardsources 226Ra (A=8147(570) Bq), 232Th (A=7349(514) Bq), 40K (A=l3790(965) Bq) and l37Cs(A=2083(146) Bq) from OMACH set [2].

Radioactivity of upper soil layers is mainly caused by natural radionclides (NRN) 40K anduranium-thorium families, by fallout technogenic 137Cs and cosmogenic 7Be radionuclides (RN).The spectrum of soil sample can be presented as

S=SRa+STh+SK+Scs+SBe+F (1)

where Si-components of corresponding RNs, F-background.The spectrum of low-active common salt (ARa, Th«3Bq/kg, A K < 1 0 Bq/kg, p-1400 gr/1) was

taken as the background F [1].Components S; were substituted by normalized spectra Es of corresponding standard

sources. Their normalization was done by empirical selection of standard spectra's factorsstarting from the condition

SBe=S-F-ERa-ETh-EK-Ecs (2)

Activities of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs in sample were determined from normalized spectraof standard sources, and for 7Be - by traditional method from the intensity (area) of totalabsorption peak 478 keV of 7Be - Ir, its registration efficiency £y, quantum yield ay andmeasurement time t:

(3)

The procedure of decomposition of the spectra is shown on fig. 1.


qg? The Sixth Internationa] Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 INP-50

12 0 0 0

B 0 0 0

4 0 0 0

04 0 0 0

2 0 0 0

02 5 0 0

1 2 5 0

02 5 0 0

1 2 5 0

S 0 = S - F

E R . A R a = 2 9 ( 3 ) B q / k 8

E T K A T h = 4 5 ( 4 ) B q / k

E K A R = 8 1 0 ( 7 0 ) B q / k g

A = 7 2 ( 6 ) B q / k g

A = 1 9 0 ( 2 0 ) B q / m

5 0 0

Fig. 1. Scintillation y-spectrum of soil sample S (9.05-105 pulses) and its components So

(2.9-105 pulses), Ena (5.91-104 pulses), ETK (1.06-105 pulses), EK (5.66-104 pulses), Sj(6.66-104 pulses), ECs (3.96-104 pulses), SBe (2.7-104 pulses).

This technique was developed with the purpose to study the erosion processes in soils ofUzbekistan from the activities of fallout radionuclides 137Cs and 7Be.

References:1. I.T.Muminov, A.K.Muhamedov, B.S.Osmanov, A.A.Safarov, A.N.Safarov. Application of

Nal(Tl) detector for measurement of natural radionuclides and 137Cs in environmentalsamples: new approach by decomposition of measured spectrum, Journal of EnvironmentalRadioactivity, v.84, p.321-331 (2005).

2. Certificate of VNIIM named after D.I.Mendeleev >f° 110/95.



DRUG-BINDING ABILITY OF HUMAN SERUM ALBUMINAT CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC VIRUS HEPATITIS

RADIOCHEMICAL DEFINITION METHOD

Kim A.A.1, Dadakhanov J.A.1, Djuraeva G.T.1, Shukurov B.V.1>2, Mavlyanov I.R.2

institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2Medicine Academy, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

UZ0603184

The chronic virus hepatitis produces numerous abnormalities of liver function. The virusesof B, C, D, F and G hepatitis possess the ability to cause chronically proceeding diseases. Earlierwe have found that binding ability of serum albumin at patients with acute forms of virushepatitis is authentically reduced in comparison with the given parameters of control group. At anacute virus hepatitis B with middle severity the reducing of binding ability of serum albumin wasobserved at 70 % of patients. At an acute virus hepatitis A the reduce of binding ability of serumalbumin is less expressed than at acute virus hepatitis B. At of chronic virus intoxication inhuman organism there is a formation and accumulation of toxic compounds in the excessiveconcentrations, which are not inherent to a normal metabolism.

One of universal mechanisms of reaction of an organism on the increasing concentration ofmetabolism products is formation of complexes of various compounds with blood plasmaproteins. The formation in an organism of endo- and exotoxins excessive concentrations results inblocking the binding centers of albumin molecule that causes the change of its complexingability.

The purpose of the present research: investigation of binding ability of serum albuminwith use of radiochemical method at children with a chronic virus hepatitis B and C.

Materials and methods. Under clinical observation there were 52 children in the age from3 till 14 years. From them at 32 the chronic virus hepatitis B was confirmed, at 20 chronic virus -hepatitis C. Etiological diagnostics was carried out by definition of specific markers of a hepatitisB and C method IFA and PCR. Binding ability of serum albumin was defined by radiochemicalmethod with use of the tritium labeled no-spa (drotaverine hydrochloride). The control groupconsists from 10 conditionally health children of similar age.

Results and their discussion. The results of investigation have shown, that at a chronicvirus hepatitis B and C at children the hypoproteinemia and disproteinemia are observed. Thusthe contents of common protein and albumin fraction at chronic hepatitis B is reduced incomparison with control group 1,3 times on the average (P> 0,05). It was marked disproteinemiadue to increasing of gamma-globulin fraction of blood serum. At a chronic virus hepatitis B atchildren the ability of serum albumin to bind the tritium labeled drotaverine hydrochloride wasreduced in comparison with control groip on the average in 1,3 times. At a chronic hepatitis Chypoproteinemia was expressed less than at a chronic virus hepatitis B, however paid to itselfattention more expressed disproteinemia due to increasing of gamma-globulin fraction. Thusability of serum albumin to bind the tritium labeled drotaverine hydrochloride dropped incomparison with control group on the average in 1,5 times (P <0,05).

Thus, received results testify that at a chronic virus hepatitis B and C at childreninfringement of complexing properties of albumine of a blood is marked that testifies todownstroke of drug-binding function. The radiochemical method of definition of ability of serumalbumin to bind the tritium labeled drotaverine hydrochloride is efficient and high informative.


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 DXP-SO

REGULATION OF ELEMENTAL COMPOSITIONOF THE OSTEAL TISSUE WITH THYROXINEIN THE EXPERIMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS

Abduvaliev A.A.1, Azimova B.Zh.1, Gildieva M.S.1,Danilova E.A.2,Osinskaya N.S.2, Saatov T.S.1

'institute of Biochemistry, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

UZ0603185

Lately a number of authors published results of their researches approving that thyroxine -hormone, developed by thyroid gland is capable to inhibit a proliferation of cells of breast cancerand dermal limph when the traditional hormonal preparations from group of steroids cannot beused [Funahashi H. ate, 1999; Lowe M.N., Plosker G.L., 2000; Varas S.M. etc, 2002]. At thesame time, experience of use of thyroxine in therapeutic practice shows that the largeconcentrations of this hormone can produce pathological changes in osteal tissue [GerasimovG.A., 1996; Kowalczyk P. etc, 2001].

We studied the influence of various doses of thyroxine (T4) on inhibition of proliferation oftumoral tissue and change of element composition of osteal tissue in an experimentalcarcinogenesis on model of tumour of melanoma B-16. Antiproliferative activity T4 defined onchange of weight, volume, quantity of sharing (mitotoxical index - MI) and apoptosis cells(apoptotic index - AI) of tumour of melanoma B-16. The elemental structure of a bone tissue wasdefined with the help of neutron-activation analysis [Zhuk L.I. etc., 1987]. T4 is used in 2 doses:caused giperteriosis -1 mg/kg (group I); physiologically allowable - 0,1 mg/kg (group II).

T4 (1 mg/kg) T4 (0,1 mg/kg)* control

Fig. 1. Mitotic index (MI) and apoptosis index (AI) in a tumoral tissue of melanoma B-16of experimental animals after introduction of researched preparations by day of the terminalof experiment. - p <0,001 for MI (n=50).

Application of T4 in 1 mg/kg dose did not result in decrease of proliferative activity of atumoral tissue, and the values MI to AI at these groups was not more than 1 (MI/AI=1,34 andMI/AI=1,65 respectively), that indicates a progression of a tumour, thus growth rate of a tissuecorresponds to a similar parameter in control group of animals (MI/AI=1,85), that is significant


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPJVP'2006

(fig. 1). Influence of T4 in a dose has resulted of 0,1 mg/kg in significant inhibition ofproliferative activity of a tumour, thus AI values in these groups exceeded values of MI(MI/AI=0,56 and MI/AI-0,75 respectively), which points on regression of a tumour (fig. 1).

The augmentation of a dose of influence T4 has a negative effect on a state of an ostealtissue, there is a decrease of contents Ca, Na, Fe, augmentation of contents C and Sr, that speaksabout passing process of an osteoporosis (tab. 1). At the same time, application T4 inphysiologically suitable concentrations, i.e. at a level of the natural contents of hormone in ablood, allows to avoid negative transformations in an osteal tissue.

Table 1. The contents of trace elements in bones of mice, mkg /

Group 1 0,504±0,04

1,138±0,06

4590±165,5

3380±145,4

1900±187,8

31,38±2,23

0,504±0,1

2,06±0,22

0,1±0,01

0,1±0,01

Group II 0,558±0,02

0,97±0,06

5248±120,6

3818±203,7

1792±43,05

33,3±1,77

0,576±0,06

1,46±0,07

0,1±0,01

0,1±0,01

Control 0,546±0,006

1,178±0,113

5829,8±163,3

2770±292,6

1863±171,4

38,98±1,71

0,792±0,22

1,54±0,16

0,1±0,01

0,1±0,01

Group 1 0,1±0,01

20,0±0,01

258,8±14,2

0,1±0,01

0,01±0,001

0,5±0,01

34,14±5,39

207±12,94

0,01±0,002

0,144±0,01

Group II 0,1±0,01

20,0±0,01

252,6±16,7

0,1±0,01

0,008±0,0009

0,5±0,01

61,86±5,41

214,6±2,22

0,024±0,002

0,036±0,02

Control 1,88±1,37

20,0±0,01

235,2±29,3

0,1±0,01

0,01±0,004

0,5±0,01

92,02±20,73

216±21,7

0,08±0,02

0,45±0,14

Conclusion. Use of a thyroxine in small doses effectively inhibits a proliferation andinduces apoptose cells of an experimental tumour of melanoma B-16. The augmentation of a doseof action of hormone does not result in enriching antitumoral action and at the same time rendersnegative influence on passing of a normal metabolism in an osteal tissue.

UZ0603186

APPLICATION OF RADIOCHEMICAL METHODS FORDEVELOPMENT OF NEW BIOLOGICAL PREPARATION DESIGNED

FOR SOIL BIOREMEDIATION

Kim A.A.1, Djuraaniyazova G.I.2, Djuraeva G.T.1, Yadgarov Kh.T.2

'institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2Institute of Genetics and Experimental Biology of Plants, Ukari-Uz, Uzbekistan

Internationally the bioremediation of agricultural lands contaminated by persistentchloroorganic compounds by means of the microbial methods are used as the most low-cost andthe most effective. One of the factors reducing efficacy of microbial degradation, is often the lowquantity of microorganisms - destructors in the soil. Therefore, we have designed bioremediation


<$ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 _

technology of soils, contaminated by organochlorine compounds, with use of the alivemicroorganisms as active agent. We developed the biological preparation containing 5 aboriginalactive strains of bacteria - destructors of persistent chloroorganic compounds and investigatedthe ability of biological preparation to increase the bioremediation potential of contaminatedsoils.

To carry out the investigation we developed the complex of radiochemical methods withuse of tritium labeled PCBs, including the following methods:

1. The method to define the accumulation and degradation of PCBs in soil bacteria inculture allows determination of quantitative characteristics of bacterial strains.

2. The method to define the PCBs degradation by soil bacteria strains in model conditionsin the soil allows to estimate the PCB-destructive activity of strains after introducing insoil.

3. A method to define the PCB-destructive activity of own microbiota of contaminatedsoil.

4. A method to define the effect of stimulation of the PCB-destructive activity ofbiological preparation and own microbiota of soil with the help of biofertilizers.

By using the developed radiochemical methods we have carried out investigation oncreation of new biological preparation on the basis of strains of soil bacteria - destructors ofPCBs. We also determined the quality and quantity characteristics of HCCH and PCBs-destructive activity of new biological preparation. It is shown that the new biological preparationis capable of accumulation and destruction of the PCBs in culture and in soil at model conditions.Thus, the developed complex of radiochemical methods allowed to determine the PCB-destructive activity of bacteria at initial screening, selection and investigation of strains of soilbacteria.

Stability of the positive influence of biological preparations is defined by behaviour ofintroduced population in soil and by status of soil microbial community. We found the goodsurvival rate of bacteria of genus Bacillus (up to 108-109 cells / g of soil) from biologicalpreparation which has been introduced in contaminated by HCCH and PCBs soil in dynamicsduring one year. Besides the introduction of association of active bacteria strains-destructors oforganochlorine compounds in contaminated soil makes the positive effect on development of soilmicroflora - stimulates the development of the useful (ammonifiers, oligonutophiles, nitrogenfixers and actinomyces) and suppresses development of a harmful microflora (micromycetes).We found that microbial processes in the soil contaminated by organochlorine compoundsproceeded more intensively at addition of biofertilizer. Hence, biofertilizer appeared suitableorganic substrate for stimulation of introduced and natural microflora of contaminated soil.

Thus artificial enrichment (introduction) of contaminated soils by the microbial preparationdesigned on the basis of associations of bacteria - destructors of pesticides can be perspective andeconomic way of elimination of residual amounts of organochlorine pesticides in soil.Biofertilizer can be recommended as additional organic substrate for stimulation of introducedand natural microflora of contaminated soils. The combined application of bacterial preparationand biofertilizer can be recommended as most efficient way for biodegradation of organochlorinecompounds.


^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006

OPTIMIZATION OF TIME CHARACTERISTICSIN ACTIVATION ANALYSIS

UZ0603187 Gurvich L.G., Umarahev A.T.institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The activation analysis temporal characteristics optimization methods developed at presentare aimed at determination of optimal values of the three important parameters - irradiation time,cooling time and measurement time. In the performed works, especially in [1-5] the activationanalysis processes are described, the optimal values of optimization parameters are obtained fromequations solved, and the computational results are given for these parameters for a number ofelements.

However, the equations presented in [2] were inaccurate, did not allow one to haveoptimization parameters results for one element content calculations, and it did not take intoaccount background dependence of time. Therefore, we proposed modified equations todetermine the optimal temporal parameters and iteration processes for the solution of theseequations.

It is well-known that the activity of studied sample during measurements does not changesignificantly, i.e. measurement time is much shorter than the half-life, thus the processes takingplace can be described by the Poisson probability distribution, and in general case one can applybinomial distribution. The equation and iteration processes use in this research describe bothprobability distributions. Expectedly, the cooling time iteration expressions obtained for oneelement analysis case are similar for the both distribution types, as the optimised time valuesoccurred to be of the same order as half-life values, whereas the cooling time, as we observed,depends on the ratio of the studied sample's peak value to the background peak, and can besignificantly larger than the half-life value.

This pattern is general, and can be derived from the optimized time expressions, which issupported by the experimental data on short-living isotopes [3,4], For the isotopes with largehalf-lives, up to years, like cobalt-60, the cooling time values given in the abovementioned worksare equal to months which, apparently, correspond to the experiment time, rather than thecalculated half-life itself. The analysis of calculated results and experimental data from the works[1-5] allows one to conclude that the optimal conditions of activation analysis when calculatedshould be described by binomial distribution. However, the comparison of the obtained optimaltime values demonstrated that they are the same for the both distributions, like in case of coolingtime, or slightly different in absolute values.

References:1. V.T. Tustakovsky - Estimation of sensitivity and accuracy of activation analysis, - Moscow,

Atomizdat, 19762. G.P. Gordadze - Optimization of activation analysis, - Moscow, Energoatomizdat, 19853. N.P. Roslyakov - Optimization of biological objects instrumental activation analysis, PhD

dissertation abstract - Moscow, MIFI, 19734. S.G. Pushkin, V.A. Mikhaylov Comparative neutron-activation analysis. Atmospheric

aerosols studies, - Novosibirsk, Nauka, SO AS USSR, 19895. N.A. Shubina, G.M. Kolesov - Isolation of analytical signals and estimation gamma-lines

interference at instrumental neutron activation analysis of rock samples. - Journal ofanalytical chemistry, 1998, v.53, ed.9, p.902 - 908


< ^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006

HISTORY OF ACTIVATION ANALYSIS TECHNIQUEWITH CHARGED PARTICLES IN UZBEKISTAN

Mukhammedov S.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan UZ0603188"

The researches on activation analysis with charged particles (CPAA) were startedimmediately after beginning of constructing of 150-sm cyclotron U-150 in 60-th years of lastcentury. CPAA laboratory organized on bases of the cyclotron and neutron generator NG-200 (infollowing 1-150) in 1971 existed up to-the end of 1985.

We have used Ion beams of these devices to elaborate two types of nuclear analysistechniques: 1.Delayed Nuclear Analysis (DNA) involving Charged Particle Activation Analysis(CPAA) and Fast Neutron Activation Analysis (FNAA); 2. Prompt Nuclear Analysis (PNA)involving the spectrometry of particles induced X-Ray emission (PIXE).DNA with using accelerators has the following subdivisions:

1. Proton Activation Analysis (PAA);2. Deuteron Activation Analysis (DAA);3. 3He Activation Analysis (3HeAA):4. 4He Activation Analysis (4HeAA or a-AA);5. Fast Neutron Activation Analysis (FNAA)

PAA and DAA found wide application were used to derive a good sensitivity indetermination of contents of more than 20 chemical elements in some materials of high purity.For example, we have applied these techniques for the determination of Li, B, C, N, O, F at levelof 10"8 - 10"10 g/g in different high purity semiconductors (Si, SiC, Ge, AsGa, InP et al.),nonferrous metals (Li, Be, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ta, W, Re, Al, Ti etc.), nonconductive materials (differentglasses, optical materials, diamonds et al.) and environmental objects (soil, plants, water). Thetechniques provided good results on the determination of B, C and N contents and others.

3HeAA and 4HEAA were generally used to determine of O and C contents insemiconductors ands metals of high purity. We have elaborated rapid radiochemical techniquesfor separation of short-lived positron emitters For example, the separation of !5O, formatting bynuclear reaction 16O (3He, a )15O, the reducing fusion technique was used. Radionuclide l lC wasseparated chemically by the oxidization of samples in the solutions of HNO3., HJO4, KMnO4 andH2SO4.

U-150 cyclotron was used for generating of large flux of fast neutrons by the transform ofion beams on Be or Li targets which was used on activation analysis for determination of the N,F, Al, Si, P and other elements. Neutron generators with 14 MeV fast neutrons were used foranalysis of industrial specimens.

In the last years we developed new direction of CPAA based on nuclear reactions excitedby secondary charged particles produced as a result of interactions of fast and thermal neutronswith H and Li in the nuclear reactor WWR-SM.


<§£> The Sixth Internationa! Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22 ,2006MPNP'200«

YIELD OF Be-7 PRODUCED IN THE NUCLEAR REACTORBY CHARGED PARTICLE NUCLEAR REACTIONS

Khaydarov A., Mukhammedov S., Barsukova E.G.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

UZ0603189

We investigated the yield of the radionuclide Be-7 produced on the nuclear reactor bysecondary nuclear reactions excited with recoil protons and deuterons on Li and B - 7Li(p, n) +l0B(p,a) + nB(p, an) + 6Li(d,n) +7Li(d,2n). The radionuclide Be-7 emits ^-quantum withenergy of 477.5 keV and intensity of 10.3% with half-life of 53.61 days. The powder specimensof LiOH and H3BO3 were fixed in some hydrogen - containing material, for example in variousorganic compounds - polystyrene, polyfoam or epoxy. The investigated samples were carefullymixed in this viscous liquid. The weight of the polyfoam must be approximately 3 times morethan weight of the investigated samples. The samples placed in quartz ampoule were irradiatedfor 20 hours in neutron flux 2.1013cm"2s"Jof the INP nuclear reactor. The saturated radioactivityof irradiated samples was measured by the CANBERRA company semiconductor detectorREGE.

Yield of radionuclide Be-7 is defined by simple expression:

^ Where,Y- Yield of radionuclide;Y — ^—. m- Mass of irradiated chemical element;

1 — e o6'\ t 6 - Irradiation time; A - The decay constant;YYl\ 1

X Ao-Initial activity of radionuclide (7coo/=0);

Yield of radionuclide Be-7 produced in nuclear reactions with lithium was 18.7 ±2.8kBq/g.h, while in nuclear reactions with boron 6.06+0.88 kBq/g.h.

Our data for lithium obtained in the nuclear reactor is 200 times smaller than such cyclotrondata, while for boron it is 80 times smaller.

The obtained results were used to estimate the analytical possibility of the Li and B contentsdetermination. The real spectrum of irradiated lithium sample for LD gives the valueapproximately equal 9.10"5g, while that for boron is 7.10"4 g.

It is worth of saying that the proposed method can be used simultaneously with NAA. Theirradiation of investigated sample in and without proton - forming shell allows using neutronreactions with recoil protons that in turn allows to increase the circle of simultaneouslydetermined elements.

Besides, the possibility to increase yield of the Be-7 nuclides produced in a nuclear reactorappears.



INVESTIGATION OF DUBNIUM CHEMICAL BEHAVIOUR.ION EXCHANGE SEPARATION OF GROUP V ELEMENTS

Tereshatov E.E.1, Bruchertseifer H.2, Bozhikov G.A.1, Aksenov N.V.1,Shishkin S.V.1, Dmitriev S.N.1

1 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia1Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland

UZ0603190Chemical behaviour of group V elements in the aqueous hydrofluoric acid solutions was

studied. The radiochemical method for the cation exchange separation of Nb (Pa) and Ta from Zr,Hf and lanthanides is presented.

10 15 20 25

100-

80-

•5 60-

40-

20-

0,2 M HC1/SiIO' M HF <UMKCI/I,5XIO°MHF ':-'; IMHNO, IUAIHCI

Ta

NbZt

"r-10 15 20 25

Eluate volume, mlFig. 1. Separation of Nb, Zr, Hf, Ta, Sr and Lu by cation exchange. (Dowex 50x8.100-200 mesh, 6x30 mm)

The opportunity for ion exchange separation of Zr and Hf is shown. The developed schemeallows to exclude the presence of SF heavy actinides in fractions of separated elements.

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28

8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28Eluate volume, ml

Fig. 2. Separation of Pa, Zr, Hf, Ta, Sr and Lu by cation exchange. (Dowex 50x8. 100-200 mesh, 6x30 mm)


289


Based on of the data of the present work, it is possible to suggest the following order of thestability fluoride complexes of group IV and V elements: Nb (Pa) > Zr > Hf > Ta. The order ofthe complex formation is in agreement with theoretical predictions. Moreover, the radiochemicaltechnique for the coprecipitation of group IV elements and Pa with LaF3 followed by the an ionexchange separation of Nb and Ta was developed.

5,3 5,7 6,1 6,5 6,980

70

60-

S9 50 -

£n

I 30-

20 -

10-

7,3i

7,7 a.1

3 M HNO,/1,5 M HF 0,5 M HNO/1,5 % H2O2

Nb

5,3 5,7 8,16,1 6,5 6,9 7,3

Eluate volume, mlFig. 3. Separation of Nb and Ta by anion exchange. (Dowex 1x8, 200-400 mesh, 6x10 mm)

This analytical procedure may be used in future heavy nuclei synthesis experiments for theseparation of dubnium (Db) from other reactions products and for the study of its chemicalproperties.

UZ0603191

SCANDIUM - PROBLEM OF ULTRA-TRACE-ELEMENTESSENTIALITY

Kist A.A.1, jZkuk L.I.1!, Danilova E.A.1, Makhmudov E.A.21 Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2Central Military Hospital, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Role of constitutional and essential elements in Life is known quite well. It is also well knownthat all chemical elements present in the living matter. Nevertheless essentiality of at least 55chemical elements (more than a half of number of natural elements) is still not accepted. In manycases these elements presumably play important role in the Life. On the other hand their essentialityis still under doubt. One of the "strange" elements in this connection is scandium.

Scandium is an element which is very "simple" for instrumental neutron activation analysis(INAA). For many years in our laboratory were carried out studies on animals and human tissuesand fluids elemental composition using INAA in which data for scandium were obtained as"redundant" information.


<§£• The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics" , September 19-22 ,2006MPNP'IMW INP-5Q

Essentiality of scandium was newer proven using accepted criteria of elements. Neverthelessin our studies were found various regularities, statistically significant inter-elemental correlationsand correlations between elements in tissues and fluids versus clinic and biochemical data. There aresome examples. There were found correlations of scandium hair concentration and blood glucose(r=0.68 + 0.13), body mass index (r=0.86 + 0.07), leukocyte with phagocytic activity migrationinhibition test (r=0.68 + 0.18), size of cavity of the left heart auricle (r=-0.65 + 0.16), final systolicbulk (r=0.80 + 0.12), stroke output of heart (r=-0.79 + 0.12), final diastolic bulk (0.88 + 0.0080) etc.In addition using gel filtration in rat liver cytosol was found peak of scandium in elution curve.

Examples and correlations given in the paper say in favor that scandium may play quiteimportant role in biological processes and that the biological role of scandium should be studiedmore intensive.

The most important criterion is an appearance of the organism dysfunction in case of removalof the studied elements from the diet (intake) which in all other sides remains completely valuableand disappearance of all manifestations of the dysfunction after addition of deficient element. This isvery convincing criterion but hardly acceptable for ultra trace elements as follows from the modelgiven in the present paper. It is very simple to prepare diet with decreased level for constitutionalessential and some trace-elements according to this criterion. It is enough to reduce someconstitutional elements uptake for 50% to observe the organism dysfunction. For such traceelements like Mn, Cu, Zn it is enough to reduce its intake 1.5 - 5 times to reach the same effect. ForSc the factor of removal for humans should be about 500-1000. It is clear that preparation ofnutrition which removal of ultra-trace elements with a purification factor of hundreds and thousandsis practically impossible and there is a necessity to elaborate additional criteria for ultra-traceelements.

IllllllllllillWIliUZ0603192

GAMMA-RADIATION OF SOME BUILDING MATERIALSAhmedova G.A., Mamatkulov O.B., Muhamedov A.K.

State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

Introduction. In environment samples both natural, and artificial radionuclides can befound out. However the population of Globe receives the basic part of irradiation from naturalradioactive elements [1]. Radioactive elements in organism can pass a biological chain: ground-water-air-plant-food products-persons and can become a sources of internal irradiation.Accumulation of radioactive elements in tissues of alive organisms in quantities more thanlimiting admissible concentration can cause in an organism pathological processes, in the form ofmalignant formations and other changes.

For many years radioactivity of environments are researched in the Department of nuclearphysics of Samarkand State University. Such researches have begun by the founder of theSamarkand school of nuclear physics, professor Muso Muminovich Muminov. This direction ofscience at the radiating control and protection from radioactive radiations are actual problem forall mankind for present today. The researches proceed pupils Muso Muminov with application ofmodern experimental techniques [2-3]. The semi-conductor gamma-spectrometer method ofdefinition of small quantities natural and artificial radionuclides in samples of an environment on



their natural gamma-radiation is developed. With use of the given method concentration naturaland technogenic radionuclides in various natural samples (ground, plants, water, air, foodproducts, mollusks, medical products, etc.) have been defined. The obtained results aresystematized. It is known, that all life and activity of man is connected with housingaccommodation. Therefore at construction of housing accommodation the research of theradiating characteristic of building materials represents significant interest.

In this work results of researches of a radio-activity of some building materials measured in2005 are presented.

Materials and technique. The gamma-radiation spectra of investigated samples weremeasured in scientific laboratory of nuclear physics of Samarkand State University by usinggamma-spectrometer with Ge (Li) -detector. The sensitive volume of detector were 100 cm3, theenergy resolving ability to 1333 line KeV60 Co were 6 KeV. The multichannel analyzer ofimpulses of «NOKIA» type was used. At measurements Marinelli vessel which providesmeasurement geometry close to 2n was used. Thus investigated samples in regular intervals aredistributed by the top and lateral part of the detector.

Results. In the investigated samples the lines of gamma-radiation of natural-radioactivenuclide 40K with energy 1460 KeV and the lines gamma-radiation belonging to radionuclides ofnatural-radioactive families 238U, 232Th are precisely shown. In the chain of fall to pieces offamily 238U are found out basically gamma-line radionuclides: 2I4Pb (295; 351 KeV) 214Bi (609;1120; 1238; 1764 KeV), in a chain of fall to pieces 232Th - 212Pb (238 KeV), 228Ac (339; 911; 968KeV), 208Tl (583; 2614 KeV), and also weak gamma line 137Cs with energy 661 KeV. As seen,the radio-activity of the investigated samples basically is caused the gamma-radiations, formed atfall to pieces of natural radionuclides 40K, 238U, 226Ra and partially 137Cs.

The certain specific gamma-activity radionuclides 40K, 232Th, 226Ra, 137Cs in theinvestigated building materials the B/kg are resulted in the table.

Table

1234

The name ofsamplesBurning brickCementLimeSand

226Ra

30231213

232Th

288416

40K

2124426568

137Cs

1,5-

0,83

It is shown from table, the gamma-activity 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, I37Cs in the investigatedbuilding materials possesses various values. The greatest values of gamma-activity of theseradionuclides is observed in the brick. In all investigated samples the gamma-activity 40K isdefined in the greatest quantity. It is possible to explain it with the greatest prevalence ofpotassium in the earth (2,5 %). The gamma-activity Ra and 232Th for different materials isvarious. It is known, that the brick, lime, cement are prepared in various technological conditionswhich can influence on radio-activity of these materials. By many scientists has shown, thatincreasing S1O2, K2O andNa2O in alloys leads to increase concentration of radioactive elements.The burning brick also can be consider as alloy. Probably, the technology of preparation of brickalso leads to increase concentration of radioactive elements. In gamma-spectra of brick, lime andsand are identified weak gamma-line technogenic radionuclides I37Cs with energy 661 KeV, andin gamma-spectrum of cement this line in the limit of sensitivity the gamma-spectrometer is not


<%$ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006

found. On the gamma-line 661 KeV is calculated gamma-activity l37Cs. Distinction of gamma-activity 137Cs in brick and sand not essential, i.e. (1,5-1,7) B/kg, and in lime - 0,83 B/kg. Thedetection 137Cs can be understood if to consider its half-life period Tin (137Cs) = 30 years.

The gamma-activity of found radionuclides ( Ra, Th, K, Cs) in investigatedsamples does not exceed of maximum concentration limit of these radionuclides. The mean-square error of measurements is 10-15 %.

References:1. Radiation, dozes, effects, risk. Translation from English by Yu.A.Bannikova. Moscow,

World, 1988.2. A.A.Dorofeev, T.M.Muminov, A.Muhammedov, G.V.Poteshkin, D.S.Rashidova,

U.S.Salihbaev, T.Hazratov, I.Holboev. Determination of natural radionuclides concentrationsin the tests of an environment. ABSTRACTS of the Second. Uzbekistan conference " ModernProblems of nuclear physics " Samarqand, 9-12 September 1997.

3. GAhmedova, S.Hushmuradov, S.Omonov, A.Gadoev, I.Mahmudova. Determination ofconcentration of radon in atmospheric air. Physics and modern problems of Physics andbiological sciences. Proceeding of scientific conference. Samarkand-2005, May, 28th.

UZ0603193

ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF MICROELEMENT CONTENTSIN FOOD STUFF OF TRADITIONAL CHILDREN FOOD

IN REPUBLICS UZBEKISTAN

Rasulov S.K.Medical Institute, Samarkand, Uzbekistan

Recent years Hematogists and Pediatricians pay more attention to the issue of disturbanceof microelement homeostasis which is the most important in formation of microelementosis inchildren.

To prevent and to treat the deficient forms of microelementosis the determination ofmicroelement contents in traditional food of the population in any particular region is an issue ofgreat importance. Provision of school age children with essential microelements and deficiencyof many micronutrients are not sufficiently studied. In this aspect the issue of microelementcontents in food stuffs of the children of Zarafshan valley is not enough investigated. Therefore,it is advisable to study the specific weight of microelements such as iron, zinc, copper, cobalt andmanganese in vegetable and animal products and phytomedium which are consumed as thetraditional food of the population of this region.

We have studied 47 types of food stuffs mainly of vegetable and animal origin as well aswidely used phytomedium. Microelement concentration in food stuffs were defined by neutron-activation analysis method worked out at Nuclear Physics Institute Republic of Uzbekistan. Forthe first time we have investigated national dishes - sumalak, halisa, shinni which are theessential part of traditional food of Central Asian population and the contents of microelementsbeing studied.


$$& The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MFNP-MM _ ^

As per results of investigation it was found out that the most highest contents of iron was indried apricot (358 mg/kg), then in black (180 mg/kg) and white (110 mg/kg) raisins. Nationaldish - shinni (the grapes syrup) contained iron equal to 103 mg/kg, local apple - 100 mg/kg. Itshould be noted that not only raisins and shinni are rich with iron but the decoction from wildvineyard stalks too which contains 366 mg/1. Moderate iron contents ( 50-100mg/kg) was foundin the following dried fruits: blackberry, haw, bitter and sweet almond, dried fig, and mulberry.Low concentration of iron (less than 50 mg/kg) is in walnut, kernel of an apricot, peach, plum,melon and oleaster.

Out of food products prepared from fruit and garden stuff the most rich with zinc appearedto be shinni from grapes and mulberry (960 and 486 mg/kg respectively). The decoction fromwild vineyard contains 950 mg/1 zinc. Zinc from 50 to 100 mf/kg was found in kernel of anapricot and bitter almond, from 30 to 50 mg/kg in dried black raisins, dried apricot, walnut; lessthan 30 mg/kg - in peanut, sweet almond, oleaster, dried mulberry and fig, blackberry and haw.

Cobalt was rich with dried apricot (0.75 mg/kg), decoction of vineyard (o.75mg/kg), raisins(0.42 mg/kg) and haw (0.3 mg/kg). Significant contents of manganese was found in foodproducts prepared from garden stuff ( mg/kg): black raisins - 30, hips - 24, shinni from grapes -22, dried apricot - 1 1 . The remaining products contain zinc less than 10 mg/kg. Black raisins,dried apricot, decoction from vineyard, walnut, peanut, almond differed from others by highconcentration of copper in them (51, 24, 33, 17, 16, 15 mg/kg respectively). Insignificant quantityof copper was found in pear, shinni, haw, fig, raisins, plum, apple.

Out of products of animal origin high contents of iron was revealed in egg yolk (94 mg/kg),national dish halisa (70 mg/kg) and beef (59 mg/kg). High contents of zinc was marked in milk,meat, halisa and egg yolk (280, 326, 85, 55 mg/kg respectively). Trace concentration of zinccontained in egg yolk, and milk. Cobalt was in very low concentration - less than 0.05 mg/kg.Halisa is rich wih manganese (14 mg/kg), in remaining products less than 1 mg/kg. Egg yolk,beef were rich with copper (480 and 25 mg/kg, respectively).

The study of microelement contents in food stuffs of vegetable origin showed that moderateiron contents (60-100 mg/kg) revealed in white bread from flour of coarse grinding and firstgrade, pea, traditional national dish - sumalak, beans, tomato. Low contents (30-50 mg/kg) -indaily food, other bread varieties, national dish - halvaytar, popcorn, red carrot, potato and othervarieties of leguminious and vegetables. High concentration of zinc is in pea, beans, tomato,sumalak, bread of 1 and 2 grades, potato and tomato. Less concentration of it in barley, popcorn,beetroot, carrot, garlic and other vegetables. Moderate contents of cobalt (0.1-0.3 mg/kg) is intomato, beans, different varieties of leguminious. White bread from flour of coarse grinding isrich with manganese to 42, sumalak - 15, pea and beans - 20, tomato - to 16, beetroot - 13mg/kg. Copper is in sufficient volume ( from 30 to 100 mg/kg) in white bread from flour ofcoarse grinding, sumalak, pea and beetroot. In many vegetable product investigated theconcentration of copper was insignificant, and in 15 of them neutron-activation analysis showedthe absence of copper.

Main objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of iron-deficiencymicroelementosis among school aged children in some areas of Republic of Uzbekistan by meansof up-to-date diagnostic methods.

In this paper the author presents the data of comparative analysis in indication ofhemoglobin in school aged children, as per obtained results there is recommended to implementhemoglobin meter BMS-10 101 R into practice of public health service which results in higheconomical effect, accuracy and usability while carrying out investigations on a wide scale.

Author used hematological and ferro kinetic methods in his investigations and obtained dataon occurrence of iron-deficiency status in school children of the region.



MODERN DIAGNOSTIC METHOD OF MICROELEMENTOSISOF SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN

Rasulov S.K.Medical Institute, Samarkand, Uzbekistan UZ0603194

Human and animal pathology stipulated by deficiency of vitally important (or "essential")microelements or their excess, has got its combined name microelementosis (1).

In connection with high biological activity of microelements in organism in differentphysiologic and pathologic status the quantitative determination of several metals in biomediumof organism is of great importance in the study of microelement metabolism. However, objectiveand representative data on estimation of school children's provision with microelements arepractically absent.

The objective of the study was to investigate contents of microelements connected withdeficiency of biometals participating in hemopoiesis (Cu, Zn, Co, Mn) in biomedium of theorganism of school children in Zarafshan region of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

We have applied the method of neutron-activation analysis for determination ofmicroelements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Mn) in hair, whole blood, blood serum, urine, saliva, food-stuffsamples and in more than 20 elements of other biomedia, as per designed method in NuclearPhysics Institute, Republic of Uzbekistan (4).

The study was carried out on 245 practically healthy children aged 7-17, 131 boys and 33girls living in four different areas of Samarkand region. According to the designed method thedetermination of Mn, Cu was done as follows: samples together with standards were packed inpolyethylene container and underwent irradiation in vertical channel of the reactor by neutronflow 5.1O13 neutron cm2 sec, (for 15 seconds). The measurement of direct activity was conductedin 2 hours for determining of Cu and Mn. For determining of iron, cobalt, zinc the irradiation testmeasurement was done within 15 hours one month after irradiation by the correspondingradionuclides. In all measurement of element contents different standards were applied:Intralaboratory data was received by fixing a certain number of elements on ashless filter paperand comparison standard sample MAGATE NN and NN-1 (hair homogenate) as well ascomparative method. Accuracy of analysis results of the applied method made up from 7 to 30%depended on concentration and nuclear-physical characteristics.

Results and DiscussionObtained results showed that microelemental contents in hairs and other liquids in children

of school age somehow differed from that of in adults. So, contents of iron in children's hair aresignificantly higher (three times - 81.38±8.55 mkg/g). In erythrocytes of 22 examined soundchildren the contents of the iron equaled to 2964±52 mg/1, in saliva - 5840±351.7 mg/1.

In the study of Zn contents in blood of healthy children it was equal to 59 mkg/g, in formedelements of blood it was equal to 32.3 mkg/g which was much less than similar index in adults(3). According to our data the contents of Zn in blood made up 39.25±4.30 mkg/g which wassignificantly low compared with similar index in adults (according to V.V.Nasolodin, 1987 thecontents of zinc in plasma varies from 86 to 106 mkg/g). In 20 examined children the contents ofZn in erythrocytes equaled to 32.3±1.5 mkg/g. The contents of Zn in saliva of sound children ofschool age was 518.0±54.17 mkg/g and in urine 386±18.24 mkg/g. In practically sound school


The Sixth International Conference "Modem Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPW2006

children of Zarafshan valley the contents of Zn in hair made up 182.9±6.6 mkg/g. It wasestablished that the contents of Zn in sound school children of Zarafshan valley is in middleposition amongst similar data referred in scientific articles (2).

The contents of Cu in hairs of practically sound school children in Zarafshan valley was9.24±0.84 mkg/g which was low (two times) compared with adults. We found out that thecontents of Cu in hairs of healthy school children in Zarafshan valley was lower compared withthe data presented by other authors (2) and other regions respectively. A low content of Cu inhairs probably depends on the food-stuff ingredients and peculiarities of the natural condition inbiogeochemical area.

The obtained results have shown that practically sound school children in Zarafshan valleythe contents of cobalt and manganese in hair formed: 0.11±0.017 and 2.75±0.76 and mkg/grespectively and somehow differ from similar indices in adults. So, the contents of cobalt in hairsof children were 2-5 times lower, manganese 2-3 times higher compared with adults. Thecontents of cobalt in hairs were approximately uniform in boys and girls, and as for manganese ingirls it was a little bit higher than in boys. In practically healthy children concentration of cobaltin blood serum makes 0.07 mg/1. in formed elements of blood - 0.019±0.002 mg/1. which isinsignificantly lower than in adults. (3).In blood serum of 22 examined practically sound children the contents of cobalt made 0.08±0.03mg/1, in their saliva - 2.7±1.2 mg/1. These data considered to be the average value of cobalt andmanganese concentration which we received during examination of schoolchildren in differentage groups.

Thus, the results of our investigation indicate that in estimation of microelement index -cobalt and manganese in biosubstrate of practically sound children of school age, it is necessaryto take into account the age and sex, as well as biogeochemical peculiarities of the place ofresidence of the children. The limits of normal values (M±m) indices of the namedmicroelements in children of school age which we have established should be recommended forimplementation in making diagnosis of the deficiency of these microelements. It affords to makeearly reveal of deficiency of Fe, Cu, Zn and other microelements in girls of puberty age out ofhigh risk groups. Its prevention in due time can help the girls to be ready for their pregnancy andsuccessful outcome and in further to decrease anemia and other microelementosis amongpregnant and children of early age.

References:1. A.P.Avtsin., A.A.Zhavoronkov, M.A.Rish, L.S.Strochkova Microelementosis of man. -

Moscow, 1991.2. A.A.Kist Phenomenology of biogeochemistry and bioinorganic chemistry. 1987,236 pages.3. V.V.Nasolodin Contents of microelements in biologic substrate of man //Gigiena i Sanitaria,

1987, No 10, P. 82-83.4. L.I.Zhuk, A.A.Kist, Human hair neutron activation analysis: Analysis on population level,

mapping// Czechoslovak journal of physics, vol. 49, (1999) Suppl.S.


m The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006^ ffff-50

MPNP'2006 . . • i - • • • • "

PGAA METHOD FOR CONTROLOF THE TECHNOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT ELEMENTS

AT PROCESSING OF SULFIDE ORES

Kurbanov B.I., Aripov G.A., Allamuratova G., Umaraliev M.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Many precious elements (Au, Re, Pt, Pd, Ag, Cu, Ni, Co, Mo) in ores mainly exist in the formof sulfide minerals and the flotation method is often used for processing of such kind of ores. Toenhance the efficiency of the process it is very important to carry out the operative control of theelements of interest at various stages of ore processing.

In this work the results of studies for developing methods for control of technologicallyimportant elements at processing and enrichment sulfide ores, which content the gold, copper,nickel, molybdenum in the ore-processing plants of Uzbekistan. The design of transportableexperimental PGAA device on the basis of low-power radionuclide neutron source ( Cf) withneutrons of 2x107 neutr/sec allowing to determine element content of the above named ores andtheir processing products is offered.

It is shown that the use of the thermal neutron capture gamma-ray spectrometry in real samplesand technological products allows prompt determination of such elements as S, Cu, Ti and others,which are important for flotation of sulfide ores.

Efficiency control of the flotation processing of sulfide ores is based on quick determination ofthe content of sulfur and some other important elements at different stages of the process. It wasfound that to determine elements the following gamma lines are the most suitable - 840.3 keV forsulfur, 609 keV and 7307 keV for copper and 1381.5 keV, 1498,3 keV and 1585.3 keV for titanium.

Based on the measurements of original ores, concentrates of various stages of flotation andflotation slime the possibility for prompt determination of S, Cu and Ti content and thus to getnecessary information on the efficiency of the flotation process was shown.

COoCD

UZ0603196

NUCLEAR ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR CONTROLOF IMPORTANT TECHNOLOGICAL ELEMENTS

FOR EXTRACTION OF AMMONIUM PERRHENATE

Kurbanov B.I.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

One of the important issues for insuring efficiency of technological process for productionof chemical substances is analytical control. For passing extraction of rhenium in ammoniumperrhenate form from waste sulphate solutions of copper-smelting process at Almalyk Miningand Metallurgical Complex (AMMC), elemental analysis is required at various stages oftechnology.


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006 ^MPNP'2006

In this work the results of researches on developing nuclear analytical techniques and devicesfor content control of some important elements for extraction of ammonium perrhenate from wastesof copper-smelting process at AMMC are presented. The use of instrumental nuclear analyticalmethods (Neutron Activation Analyses - NAA and Prompt Gamma Activation Analyses - PGAA)allows monitoring process parameters and promptly taking required measures.

Whereas chemical analysis methods commonly used in plant laboratories cannot meet therequirements due to their long duration and they are not instrumental.

The possibility of analysis of important elements (Re, Cu, Mo, Fe, F, Ti, Ca) in wastesulphate solutions (before and after sorption column), solid extragent and strippants has beenstudied. NAA method with use of the nuclear reactor WWR-SM, INP, Tashkent) and PGAAmethod with use radionuclide 252Cf - neutron source were used.

It is shown that the use of these methods allows determining concentration of Re, Cu, Mo, Fe,F, Ti and Ca in waste solutions from which ammonium perrhenate is extracted, as well as in solidextragents in extraction columns for rhenium extraction and strippants.

UZ0603197

DEFINITION OF THE MICROELEMENTAL CONTENTSIN ENDOMETRIUM AND HAIR OF PATIENTS

WITH VARIOUS FORMS OF INFERTILITY

Gazieva Sh.S., Danilova E.A.Scientific Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan


Research of human's endometrium condition (a mucous membrane of a cavity of a uterus)is undoubtedly of interest for the solution of some problems of clinical medicine, in particular,infertility reasons. In spite of the fact that endometrium is one of the most accessible tissues toresearch, and the object of the numerous versatile researches, there are still many questions on itsphysiology and pathology, in particular, those connected with its preparation for implantation,processes of cellular interactions during implantation and placentation.

Today the exclusive role of microcells (MC) in pathology development in human, sinceinfantile age to old age is known. As a result of laborious researches it was possible to establishthat MC are regulators of chemical processes of a metabolism, growth and reproduction,immunologic and hormonal activity, and life expectancy. In reproductology, the influence of thesome people essential (vital) and toxic MC demands the further detailed studying.

The purpose of the present research is studying microelement structure of endometrium andhair of women with various infertility forms, with the subsequent development of a techniqueaimed at correction of discovered microelementosis.

We examined 20 patients with infertility. All patients apart from the traditional complex,general laboratory and endoscopic researches, passed the neutron-activation analysis ofmicroelemental structure of endometrium and hair. The age of patients varied from 21 to 39years. Duration of infertility (primary and secondary) has made up 3-11 years. The somatic status


•{8$ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September ] 9-22,2006MPNP'2006 P

was complicated with diseases of digestion, endocrynologic, urinary, respiratory andcardiovascular systems, whereas the anemia was observed at 70 % of patients. Endoscopicalexaminations (laparo-, histero-, falloposcopy) have revealed presence of adhesive process ofvarious degree of expressiveness in an abdominal cavity and a small basin cavity, peritubaladhesive process, various degree of expressiveness genital endometriosis, cysts, cystomas andpolycysts ovaries, uterus myomas, various ethiology inflammatory diseases of uterus appendages.

The contents of 9 essential (vital) (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Mo, Co, Cr, Se, I), 2 conditionally-essential (Ni, Br), 5 potentially toxic (Rb, Ag, Au, Sr, Sc) and 3 toxic microcells (Ba, Hg, Sb),and also 5 macroelements (Ca, K, Na, Cl, Mg) in hair and endometrium of the examined patientsis studied. Significant decrease in the contents of MC in hair of patients with infertility existingnormative parameters (A.A.Kist, 1987; A.V. Skalnyi, I.A.Rudakov, 2004). Was observed the firstdata on contents of MC in endometrium are obtained for women with infertility, laws of contentsof MC in hair and endometrium of the women, suffering infertility were searched and thescreening-research for establishment of normative parameters was conducted.

UZ0603198

INVESTIGATION BY PHOSPHORUS-32 ISOTOPETHE CAPABILITIES OF MUSHROOMS TO DECOMPOSE

INSOLUBLE PHOSPHORIC COMPOUNDS

Takhtobin K.S.1, Tashpulatov D.T.2, Shulman T.S.2

'institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2Institute of Microbiology, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

One of global ecological problems of agriculture is the problem "phosphatization" of soils.Only of 10 %-25 % of phosphorus, introduced by the way fertilizers to acquire by plants, the othermain part, as a result of chemical changes in soil, transforms in insoluble, hard-to-reach for plantsforms. The study of possibility to extract the phosphorus from this insoluble forms is veryimportant. Our investigations devoted to study of some strains of soil mushrooms which arecapable to decompose insoluble phosphoric compounds, secreting an acids and enzymes. Soilmushrooms have symbiotic relationship with roots systems of plants and other microorganisms,they augment the contents of solvable phosphorus in soil, which is easy assimilate by plants. Itincreases efficiency of other kinds of fertilizers, keeping nitrogen, the potassium and as a wholeleads to favourable, balanced composition of soil. In order to investigate quantitatively thecapacity of different strains of soil mushrooms to canker insoluble forms of phosphorus we areintroduce an isotope phosphorus-32 in such compound as Ca3(PO4)2. we are investigate by anisotope phosphorus-32 some characteristics of strains, in particular, the absorption capabilities ofphosphorus-32 from Ca3(PO4)2,. It find out that the part of mushrooms absorbed phosphorus fromCa3(PO4)2, in particular, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, Penicillium sp., Fusarium solani.


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006_ _ _ INP-SO

A NARROW- BEAM X - RAY ATTENUATIONOF PHOTONS 0.05 - 0.5 MeV IN CHEMICAL EXPLOSIVES

Cherkasov A.S.National University, Kharkov, Ukraine

UZ0603199

Basic explosives [1] are - Tetryl (CeHsNsOg); Hexamethylenetetramine (urotropin) (HMT-C6Hi2N4); 2,4,6 - Trinitrotoluene (TNT - C7H5N3O3); 1,3 - Dinitrobenzene (DNB - C6H4N2O4);Picric acid (2,4,6 - trinitrophenol - C6H3N3O7); TATP (C9Hig06); Hexogen (RDX -C3H6N6O6); Pentaeritronitrate-Nitropenta (PETN - C5H8N4O12); Octogen (HMX - C^NgOg).RDX and/or PETN are usually used in plastic explosives. Examples include C-4, Detasheet, andSemtex). HMX (Octogen) is a very powerful and expensive military explosive, which has beenemployed in solid-fuel rocket propellants and in military high performance warheads. Currentlyused military explosives are mostly a combination of TNT, RDX, PETN, HMX, with a numberof organic compounds (waxes (e.g. nitroparaffine - C10H8N2O4), plasticizers, stabliers, oil, etc.);example Composition B (RDX, TNT), Composition C-4 (or PE-4) (RDX), Detasheet (PETN),Octol (HMX, TNT), Semtex-H (RDX, PETN), etc.

Nitroglycerin (NG - C3H5N3O9)5 Nitrocellulose (QKWMONCfefc. C6H803(ON02)2,C6H9O4(ONO2)) and Ammonium Nitrate (AN - H4N2C>3) are used as a basis of other families ofexplosives: a) dynamites in case of NG with nitroglycol (C4H8N2O2), powders of Al or Mg, withTNT and ammonal (TNT with Al-powder), wood flour, etc.; b) white(smokeless)gunpowders(guncotton-nitrocotton - collodion cotton, pyroxylinies (e.g. tetranitrate of pulp -colodion wool - C^HigOeONTC^), cordites, ballistites with ammonium perclorate (NH4CIO4) asoxidizer. Dynamites are typically used as a high explosive for industrial applications and in solidrocket propellants. Note that pure AN does not contain carbon; it has been widely used tofabricate bombs, but it is also widely diffused as a fertiliser. Ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN -C2H4N2O6) is a trasparent, colourless liquid explosive, which has been used in mixtures with NGfor low-temperature dynamites. Its use has greatly decreased due to the replacement of dynamiteswith ammonium nitrate-fuel oil (ANFO) and slurry explosives.

Black powder is a low-order explosive consisting of potassium nitrate (KNO3) or sodiumnitrate (NaNO3), charcoal, and sulphur (it does therefore probably not contain hydrogen).

Materials that initiate explosions are hydrazine (N2H4), lead azide (PbN3), nitrogentrichloride (NCI3), nitrogen triiodide (NJ3), fulminate of mercury (Hg(ONC)2).

An analysis of mass narrow-beam X-ray attenuation coefficients for photons 0.05-0.5 MeVwhich were carried out on the basis of handbook [2] shows :

1. For 17 basic kinds explosives as well as for the second explosives (TNT, NG, Octogen,Hexogen, Picric acid, pyroxylines (1,2), Tetyl, PETN, nitronaphtalene, nitroglycol, EGDN,nitrourle, nitrocellulose (1,2,3), AN), with the exception of HMT, and for explosive-proofmelamine (C3H6N6) and polyurethane (micromolecula - CHNO2) mass attenuation coefficientsfor photon with energies indicated above are in coincidence in fact with accuracy 1 -3 %. Theaverage values (through 19 kinds of substances) of these mass coefficients ( ,w(cm2/g) =

,'n, •> where o, - the weight part of element / in the chemical combination) are in this table

(Group 1). The most divergences from average values are for AN and melamine (~ 4.8% at 0.06MeV and ~ 6.5% at 0.5 MeV accordingly). The more of hydrogen, the more value of p.

In the table the group of materials used for production explosives or fire- and explosion-dangerous ones adjoins to group 1 with HMT. Then the substances used for production black


< ^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 1NP-S0

powders, initiative explosives, dangerous and explosion-dangerous gases as well as some widelyused organic compounds, for comparison, follow.

Ey, MeVSubstanceGroup-]

HMT

0.05 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

0.2040.203

0.1870.197

0.1700.176

0.1570.164

0.1390.139

0.1250.133

0.1090.116

0.0980.104

0.0890.101

Benzine(CeH6)Peroxide(H2O2)Alcogol(C2H6O)Alcogol(C2H4O)Eth. GIycol(C2H6O2)Dieth.Glucol(C4Hi0O3)Urle (CH4ON2)Am.perchl.(NH4C104)Sodium (Na)Magnesium (Mg)Aluminium (Al)Potassium (K)

0.1980.2170.2180.2160.2130.2110.2070.3380.2750.3200.3550.836

0.1870.2060.1990.2010.1970.1960.1890.2640.2240.2530.2700.550

0.1780.1710.1950.1850.1810.1810.1750.2010.1790.1930.2000.320

0.1620.1630.1710.1700.1670.1660.1620.1740.1580.1680.1690.233

0.1450.1430.1520.1520.1480.1480.1440.1440.1340.1300.1380.159

0.1320.1300.1350.1380.1340.1310.1310.1280.1200.1240.1220.132

0.1280.1130.1160.1200.1160.1170.1140.1100.1030.1070.1040.108

0.1040.0980.1080.1070.1040.1040.0850.0980.0920.0950.0930.095

0.0940.0900.0980.0980.0950.0960.0760.0860.0840.0860.0840.086

Carbon (C)Sulphur(S)Sod. Nitrate. (NaNO3)Potas. nitrate (KNO3)

0.1860.5620.2010.444

0.1750.3930.1970.327

r0.1690.2540.1700.226

0.1510.1990.1540.185

r 0.1350.1500.1350.145

0.1230.1300.1220.117

0.1070.1090.1060.108

0.0960.0970.0950.095

0.0870.0880.0860.087

Hydrazine (N2H2)Lead azide(PbN3)Nitrog. trichlor.(NCl3)Nitrogen triiodite(NJ3)Fulm.merc. (Hg(OC)2)

fo.2136.6340.57511.775.327

0.1994.0960.3957.8903.312

0.1821.9850.2533.3721.639

0.1714.5750.1961.8823.726

0.1511.6790.1460.6871.373

0.1380.8390.1260.3630.697

0.1200.3460.1050.1740.298

0.1070.2020.0930.1220.182

0.0670.1470.0850.0970.134

Hydrogen (H)Oxygen (0)Chlorine (Cl)Methane (CH4)Nitrocarbin.(CH3NO2)Acetylene (C2H2)Ammonia (NH3)

0.3350.2100.6250.2230.2100.1980.220

0.3260.1890.4260.2130.1910.1870.207

0.3080.1670.2650.2040.1730.1800.190

0.2940.1550.2020.1860.1610.1770.172

0.2650.1360.1480.1680.1420.1430.157

0.2430.1230.1260.1530.1290.1340.144

0.2110.1070.1050.1330.1120.1170.125

0.1890.0960.0930.1130.1000.1030.111

0.1730.0870.0840.1080.0900.0930.103

Water (H2O)Polyethylene (CH2)Polystyrene (C8H8)Pol.Methac.(C5H8O2)Saccharose (Ci2H22O4)

0.2240.2070.1970.2050.208

0.2040.1970.1880.1950.189

0.1830.1800.1800.1790.180

0.1710.1710.1620.1630.165

0.1510.1530.1450.1460.144

0.1370.1400.1320.1270.131

0.1190.1210.1150.1150.114

0.1060.1020.1030.1030.102

0.0970.0990.0930.0940.093


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006 [M P N F 2 0 0 6 . . . . . I N P - 5 0

Note that in the table the values of /*(cm2/g) for lead azide 1.564 and 6.396 at Ey = 0.088 MeV(X-line) and for fulminate of mercury 1.458 and 5.725 at Ey = 0.083 MeV (iT-line) are notindicated.

2. From this table you can see that mass attenuation coefficients for the basic (first) groupof explosives are the least with the exception, of course, of helium, lithium, beryllium, boron,carbon and nitrogen.

The results of analysis can be used for designing of X-ray customs techniques for findingout of explosive's presence in the luggage without recognizing of the type of the explosive'smaterial (group 1). The method is similar to the so-called dual energy method [3] which is widelyused throughout the world in X-ray customs inspection systems for luggage control in airports isimpossible to except from our consideration.

References:1. Grodzins L. Nuclear techniques for finding chemical explosives in airoport luggage. - Nucl.

Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Research, B56/57, 1991, p.829 - 833.2. Storm E., Jsrael H. Photon Cross Section from 0.001 to 100 MeV for Elements 1 through

100. - Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, New Mexico, 1967.3. Novikov V., Ogorodnikov S., Petrunin V. Dual energy method of material recognition in high

energy introscopy systems.-Topics on Atomic Science and Technique . 1999. N° 4. Series:Nuclear-physics studies (35), p.93 - 95.

UZ0603200

TO THE PROBLEM OF THE CORRECT CALCULATIONOF THE COULOMB REPULSIVE ENERGY

OF CHARGED PARTICLES IN NUCLEI

Cherkasov A.S.National University, Kharkov, Ukraine

The correct calculations of the Coulomb repulsive energy in nuclei of charged particles withcharges Ze (Z-l - protons; Z=2 - alpha-particles; clusters and etc.) are important forunderstanding of the nuclear structure.

It is known that in the ground states of nuclei for the description of the particle motion it ispossible to use with a good precision the oscillator approximation (approximation of smalloscillations), i. e. it is possible to assume that a particle / with mass M and charge Ze movesaround its equilibrium position Rt in the central(force) field with potential energy U(r) =

Mco2^^ (spherical-harmonic oscillation well potential ) [1], where P = Fi-Ri (f— currentcoordinate of the particle / ) ; Rjk =| R, -Rk | - an equilibrium distance between particles / and k.As it is known [1] in this case orthonormal particle wave function of the ground state is *F -2-exp(-orV/2) where a2-n/(Mco2) (in the single-space coordinate case and in classical limita>=k/M- frequency of the particle-oscillations , &-the elastic constant).

The most convenient nuclear objects for investigation of the problem of the correctcalculation of the Coulomb repulsive energy of charged particles (in terms of the averaged value)


•£*£• The Sixth Internationa] Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MfNP'20B6 J j . . !

are nuclei which consist of TV identical charged particles, particular, so-called alpha- particlenuclei which are regarded in alpha- particle-cluster model as nuclei consisting of two (TV =2 -8Be); three (TV =3 - 12C); four (TV =4 - 16O) and etc. identical charged alpha-particle-bosons.

n=N

If the origin is a centre of mass coordinates of TV identical particles then ^R, = 0. At any

time 2 J ^ = 0, where ft'. — a current coordinate of the particle i. So (TV -l)(TV/2-l) bondsJ=I

(distances) from N(N -l)/2 bonds (distances) between individual particles are"free" but (TV -1)bonds (distances) are "unfree" so far as a position of the "last" particle in the system of TV -particles is always conditioned by positions of the others "free" particles.

So, if orthonormal and symmetric wave functions are used, the following values of theCoulomb repulsive energy for one "free" or "unfree" bond were obtained for the systemconsisted of N=2,3,4 and 5 alpha-particles. We show here the results for only N~2 H TV=5. ForN=4 and 5 (because of cumbersome of results) we restricted for only top values.

1. N=2(8Be)- one "unfree" bond.

- - , i • n - , 2 — , whereT l + exp(-a2Rn /4) Ru l + exp(-a2i? )2 /4)

(Ze)2

t- an error integral. (O(y) ~ 1 if y >3). For a —> co Eunf.(2) —* ;

(7e)2

for a -* 0 Eunf.(2) - » ~ ^ ~ -a.4

2. N=3 (I2C) - inscribed equilateral triangle in circle with radius R; one "free" bond;

two - "unfree".

E f ( 3 ) =

2 [\

[exp(-a2Ri22/4)+exp(-a2Ri32/4)+exp(-a2R232/4)]+O(aRi2/V5)/Ri2+O(aRi3/A./5)/R13+

a>(aR23/'/5)/R23 +exp(-a2R252/4)-[l+ exp(-a2R23

2/4)] • <E>(3aRi/(2,f5 ))/(3Ri/2)

+ exp(-a2R132/4 [1+ exp(-a2R13

2/4)] • O(3aR2/(2-/5 ))/(3R2/2)+ exp(-a2R2i2/4)- [1+

exp(-a2Rl22/4)] • O(3aR3/(2 V5))/(3R3/2)+ exp(-a2R23

2/4)[exp(-a2Ri22/4)+

exp(-a2Ri32/4)]-2O(aR23/(2-V5))/R23+exp(-a2R,32/4)[exp(-a2R12

2/4)+

exp(-a2R232/4)]-2O(aR13/(2 V5))/Ri3+exp(-a2Ri22/4)[exp(-a2R,32/4) + exp(-a2R23

2/4)]

2O(aR,2/(2V5))/Ri2}.

For a -+oo Eunf.(3)^(Ze)2-{l/Ri2+l/R13+l/R23}/3; E,3 = E23.


<$? The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 INP-50

For a -> 0 Eunf.(3) -* (Ze)

E f ( 3 ) =

2 2a

•[exp(-a2Ri22/2)+exp(-a2R,32/2)+

+4-[exp(-a2R223/4)-O(3cK/?1/2V2)/3R1+exp(-a2R2i3/4>O(3cKK2/2-N/2)/3R2+exp(-a2R2i2/4)-

O(3ai?3/2A/2)/3R3]+4-[exp(-a2Ri22/4)-exp(-a2Ri32/4)-O((ai?23/2V2)/R23+

+exp(-a2Ri22/4)-exp(-a2R2

23/4)-<D((ai?13/2A/2)/R,3+exp(-a2R]32/4)-exp(-a2R232/4)-

•O((ai?12/2V2)/RI2]}.

For a-* oo Ef(3)-^ (Ze)2-{l/Ru+l/Ri3+l/R23}/3.

For a -> 0 Ef3) -* —^ • a4l.

3. N=4 (16O) -regular tetrahedron inscribed in sphere with radius R; 3 bonds are free,

3 -unfree.

Fora-»oo Eunf.(4)-»(Ze)2-{l/Ri2+l/Ri3+M

(Ze)2 aFor a-^0 E u n f . ( 4 ) - » ^ U •

-471

Ef.(4)->

4. N-5 (20Ne) - regular tetrahedron inscribed in sphere with radius R2; one particle incenter i.g. Rs=0; R i=R 2-R 3=R 4=R 2 ; 6 bonds are unfree: R12 = R13 = R23= R14- R24

=

R34=Ri=l,12584-lo, where lo - equilibrium distance; 4 bonds are free:0,6901- Jo.

For a -+00 Eunf(5)^(Ze)2-{4/R2+6/Ri)/10^Ef.(5).

For a -*0 Eunf.(5)->

Reference:

1. A.S.Davidov. Quantum mechanics, State Pub. House of phys. math, literature. Moscow,1963,748 p.


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006BVP-50

Sodium Iodide (Na123I) is well known as a radioisotope used for thyroid and its metastasesstudies. It has gradually replaced 123I for diagnostic. Reactions for production of I from

gas target are:m 123'Xe (p,2n) UiCs

123Xe_ ml12 4•Xe

123I was produced in NRCAM form reaction of 28Mev protons on 99.99 enriched Xe gasby cyclotron (Cyclone 30). The home made xenon gas target was bombarded for 2 hours. Weleaved the target for 6 hours for production of 123I through 123Cs. Target was rmsed by 80mldistilled water, a clear and colorless solution containing 123I was pumped to the hot cell. All stepsof production was performed on the safely from the view of the health physics. For adjusting thepH, sodium citrate buffer was added to the solution. A sample of Resolution was sent tomeasurement the activity and quality control, gamma spectroscopy analyzing by HP Ge detectorhas shown 99 96% 123I For determination of chemical impurity which may made from the cavityand window different cation such as Copper, Ferric, Zinc, Nickel and Cobalt VA 757 Metrohmpolarograph was used. More than 98% radiochemical purity was obtained by TLC. In this systemcationic resin was not used and solution was added directly to the capsules which were alreadyfilled with inert powder. Each capsule contained 200ul of Na m l with 210 uCi activity. Capsuleswere put in special lead containers. Production parameters, quality control results comparing theUnited States pharmacopoeia and polarography results are shown in tables 1, 2 and i,

respectively.Table 1. Production Parameters

Proton'sEnergy28Mev

Current

20uA

Duration ofBombardment

L 2h

TotalActivity80mCi

ProductionYeild

2mCi/uAh

SpecificActivity

lmCi/ml

Table 2. Results of production quality control

Na123I

pH= 7.7Clear and Colorless solution

r , Io 3 "<2%Na123I %98i23j 99 9 6 o/ o

U S P 2005

pH= 7.5-9Clear, Colorless solution

%95<Na123I

99.7 % < 123I

Table 3. Polarography results (ppb)

Cu"<10 C o ^ ^ l O Fe++=19 Zn~<10 M^<10

FORMATION OF SODIUM IODIDE (Na 123I) ORAL CAPSULE jjj^=-

Sattari A., Aslani G., Bahrami A., Rajamand A.A.Cyclotron and Nuclear Medicine Department, Nuclear Research Center for Agriculture and

Medicine, Karaj, Iran

: OICO:o

IS


305

* 'The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006INP-50

STUDY OF EXPRESSION OF 5'-DEIODINASE IIUSING SOUTHERN BLOT HYBRIDIZATION

Artykbaeva G.M.Institute of Biochemistry, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

« • • • «*BB *H««

UZ0603202

The thyroid produces prohormone L-thyroxine (T4) and the active thyroid hormone3,3\5-triiodothyronine (T3), which mediates most of effects of thyroid hormones on growth,differentiation, energy and structural metabolism. The prohormone T4 is metabolized by two5'-deiodination enzymes, type I (DI) and type II (DO), to yield the active thyroid hormone. Theseenzyme are encoded by two genes, regulated in different way, and expressed in different tissuesat different developmental time points.

DII is the most recently cloned of the deiodinases. One of the most surprising aspects ofDII are the differences in tissue specific expression between rats and humans. DII mRNA isexpressed in rat and human CNS, pituitary, brown fat and placenta, but not in rat, thyroid,skeletal and cardiac muscle. While we had previously thought that DII provides primarilyintracellular T3, now it has been considered that in humans it can provide plasma T3 as well.

These recent data raise the question on the biological nature of 5'DII mRNA. In thisconnection it would be interested to study its expression in normal, benign and malignant humanthyroid tissues.

Materials and methods.We used 11 samples of thyroid tissues from patients with different thyroid tumors.Thyroid tissues were subjected to RNA extraction. Total RNA was reverse transcribed

Superscript Reverse Transcriptase ("Life Technologies", Germany) following by PCR reactionspecific for the above indicated gene. All RT-PCR products were subjected to Southern blothybridizatopn using Random Prime Labelling system (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, England)to confirm the specifity of the reaction. A cDNA probe was made by random priming of templateDNA with [32P]-dCTP. 25 ng DNA was exposed to heat denaturation following by priming ofrandom hexamers and insertion of [ P]-dCTP and dATP, aGTP, dTTP using Klenov enzyme ofDNA-polimerase I E.coli.

Although handling with radioactive labels involves strong safety measures non-radioactivemethods do not provide as high sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility of results asradioactive ones, especially in hybridization on membranes.

Results.RT-PCR amplification of RNA extracted from normal as well as benign or malignant

thyroid tissue generated 796 bp band for DII after 35 cycles detectable by agarose gelelectrophoresis. The 796 bp bands were also detected after Southern blot hybridization withradioactive probe (Fig. 1). The specificity of RT-PCR products were confirmed for all samplescDNA bands for DII. Fig.l shows an extensive hybridization of progressive cDNA species, withprominent band of transcripts clearly visible after shorter exposure time.


^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 INF-SO

I

Fig. 1. Southern blot hybridization of [32P]-cDNA DII probe in thyroid tumor tissues.

In present study we proved the DII availability in human thyroid gland. Short forms of DIImRNA in human thyroid tissues were identified by using a RT-PCR analysis that allows theidentification of abundant transcripts. Gel-electrophoresis shows different level of expressionPCR-product for D II in different thyroid pathology exhibiting regulation for D II on mRNAlevels. After hybridization with DII probe, the prominent bands appeared in all the thyroidsamples.

UZ0603203

35SYNTHESIS OF ^S-LABELLED DEIODINASE RIBOPROBESBY TRANSCRIPTION IN VITRO

Artykbaeva G.M.Institute of Biochemistry, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Local production of triiodothyronine (T3) appears to be especially important in centralnervous system (CNS) because of the necessity to maintain T3 concentrations for developingbrain. T3 is produced from thyroxine (T4) by 5'-deiodination. This reaction is catalysed by 5'-(outer ring)-iodothyronine deiodinases, named type I (DI) and type II (DII) which are present inseveral tissues. In the CNS, local production of active T3 is produced by the DII enzyme.

No clear data has been established on region-specific expression of deiodinase enzymes inbrain. Due to the large number of cell types in CNS it is of interest to establish in which brainareas deiodinases are expressed. This was done at RNA level by using in situ hybridization withlabeled riboprobes in chicken embryos.

To determine in which brain areas the deiodinase are expressed, brain tissue was collectedfrom 18-old-day chicken embryos and used for in situ hybridization study. In short, brain sectionswere hybridized with 35S-labelled deiodinase subtype specific antisense riboprobes.Hybridization with respective sense riboprobes were included as a control for signal specificity.The probes were generated by performing PCR using forward primer 5'(1027)-GCT GGT GGAAGA GTT CTC TGG AGT-(1050)3' and reverse primer 5'(1262)-GCA CAC TCG CTC AAA


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006 ^PMFNP;20IKi

TGA AAC CCC-( 1285)3'. The obtained 260 bp PCR fragment was subsequently subcloned in apCR®H-TOPO® plasmid vector (Invitrogen). Choice of vector is defined by necessity to obtaintranscripts of sense and antisense RNA. Since it is appropriate to choose vector with two distinctpromoters and not to insert DNA-template in different orientation in plasmid with one promoter.The sense probe was digested with Sad, while the antisense probe was cut using Apal, allowingamplification of the cRNA probes using the T7 and SP6 transcription kit (Roche) respectivelyand 35S-labelled rNTP (Fig. 1).

Signal detection was done by dipping the hybridized slides in photographic emulsionfollowed by 4-5 weeks of exposure. Maximal specific radioactivity may be reached if youconduct the labeling in volume of 20 u.1 and use 100 uCi UTP with specific radioactivity 400Ci/mmol.

Riboprobes have successive advantages as compared with double-chain DNA-probesobtained by nick-translation or random priming. High specific radioactivity, lack of hybridizationbetween probes themselves, and exact size refer to these benefits. Higher thermostability ofRNA-RNA hybrids compared to DNA-DNA ones increases a sensitivity of method, and apossibility to cleave non-hybridized (single-chain) RNA by RNAse A allows substantially todecrease a background and to obtain high ratio signal/background. To define tissue localizationof signal after hybridization in situ better to use 35S-label allowing to obtain the higher resolutionthan 32P.

Fig. 1. Scheme of DII-RNA-35S-probe construction

Synthesis of cDNA by PCR

iSubcloning PCR-product in plasmid pCR®II-TOPO® vector in E.coli

4Extraction of plasmid DNA from E.coli

IRestriction of plasmid DNA

ITranscription DII-RNA-35S from linear DNA

IHybridization RNA probe with brain tissue slices


MPNF2006

Section IV

Nuclear and RadiationSafety,

Non ProliferationIssues

<!§£• The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 _ _ _ _ _ _ i . . . .

DEVELOPMENT OF NMCA SYSTEM AND SOFTWARE

Chernyadyev V.Institute of Atomic Energy, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan

I VBBtH • • • • • •

UZ0603204

Development of the NMCA system in the Institute of Atomic Energy is described. TheInstitute is the one of research scientific subdivisions of the National Nuclear Center of theRepublic of Kazakhstan. Four nuclear facilities in the country is operating. Institute is a facilitywith two research reactors, located on the remote sites of the former Semipalatinsk nuclear testsite. Layouts and main parameters of the reactors are attached. In additional to reactors, NMstorages, on-pile stands, research labs and hot cell are located on sites. The NM storing andhandling are covered by NMCA system which after USSR disintegration was in a bad condition:on-paper account, lack of personal training, normative documents, measuring system, and accesscontrol. After ratification of Safeguards Agreement all Kazakhstan's nuclear facilities became tobeing inspected by IAEA and State authority. Putting of the NMCA system according tointernational rules is started. Since 1993 a collaboration with Departments of Defense and Energyis begun, particularly with Los-Alamos, Sandia and Oak-Ridge National labs. Directions ofdevelopment and needs of technical and methodical assistance were defined. In the followingtime a computers for account, spectrometric and weighing equipment for NDA, TID and otheroffice equipment were delivered. Development of a number of documents concerning regulationof NM handling, IAEA inspectors cooperation, reporting was conducted under ORNL support.NMCA custodians were participants of many training courses held in Kazakhstan, NIS, LANL,NRC. The computerized NMCA system "AIMAS" developed in ANL and delivered to theInstitute was implemented successfully in 1995. During some followed years the "AIMAS"system was modified step by step and spread to other nuclear facilities of Kazakhstan andUzbekistan under DOE support. The important element of supporting of SSAC development inKazakhstan is funding and providing with methodic of annual workshops-conferences for NMCAcustodians from Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. These meetings are conducted continuously on theall nuclear facilities so that the NMCA specialists have a chance to meet their progress in NMCAarea. Last such meeting was conducted in August 2005 at the Institute of Atomic Energy.

•UZ0603205

STUDYING THE EFFECTS OF 1974 FRENCH ATOMIC TESTS SERIESIN THE PACIFIC ON AUSTRALIAN ATMOSPHERE - A NOVEL

APPROACH TO NUCLEAR METROLOGY

Chaudhri M. Anwar u

institute of Medical Physics, Nuernberg, Germany2 Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lahore, Pakistan

PRINCIPLE:A novel approach for nuclear metrology has been selected to study the effects of French

Atomic Tests in the Pacific of 1974 on the Australian atmosphere. This is to investigate the

Section IV. Nuclear and Radiation Safety, Non Proliferation Issues

311

ygf The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 pijp.50

changes in the elemental concentrations of the atmospheric particulates coilected in Australia justbefore and after the onset of the atomic tests in the Pacific. Any additional radioactivity due tothe tests would either be still there or would decay into stable isotopes. If by some very sensitivetechniques one could determine the elemental / isotopic composition of the air particulate, onecan work backwards in estimating the sort and quantity of activities that could have existed justafter conducting of the tests. We decided to use the technique of charged-particle activationanalysis to estimate the elemental / isotopic concentrations of the Australian Atmosphere. Thistechnique has the potential to provide concentrations in the ppb and sub ppb regions.

METHOD:The atmospheric particulates were collected on Polystyrene filters in high-volume air

samplers placed all along the Australian East Coast at locations in Port Moresby (New Guinea),Townsville, Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne and Hobart.

The filters were cut into small pieces and placed in the grove of an AI-Target holder,covered by a thin Al-foil, which was cooled by liquid nitrogen. The samples were irradiated forone hour each with 8.5 MeV proton beam at an intensity of 1 uA. After waiting period of onehour the irradiated samples were counted with a high resolution and high sensitivity Germaniumdetector. Suitably prepared "Standards", for quantifying the absolute concentrations, were alsoirradiated in identical fashion and their induced activities were measured.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:A number of elements, like S, Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Se and Hg, were detected in the

two types of samples- one taken just before the Atomic Tests started and the other set taken justafter the finishing of the tests. Their concentration of different elements ranged from 0.001- 3.27u.g/m3. Certain changes in the concentrations of different elements were observed in the two sets.However, these changes were attributed to synoptic effects rather than due to Nuclear Fall-outEffects.

The ease, strength and potential of this sort of approach for nuclear metrology will bediscussed.

UZ0603206RADIATION RISK IN REPUBLICS BELARUS

AFTER CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT

Saltanova I.Joint Institute for Power and Nuclear Research "SOSNY", Minsk, Belarus

Radiation pollution of the territory of the Republic of Belarus has been considered for along time as a basic ecological danger source.

Since the disaster at Chernobyl, a considerable number of the inhabited areas turned out tobe situated on the territory contaminated with the radioactive substances. A risk value of theradiation-inducible affections is used in order to appraise the damage to the health of thepopulation, residing in such regions, in other words - of the long term (stochastic) effectsprobability, among which malignant neoplasm represents the most serious danger.

312Section IV. Nuclear and Radiation Safety, Non Proliferation Issues

<g£ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 __ _ INP-SO

In many countries the systems of radiological protection and safety criteria are based onecocentric approaches. Nevertheless the post-Chernobyl situation in the Republic of Belarus iscontinually producing a wide spectrum of hard questions of human health and social activity oncontaminated territories. That is why present work is completely produced in the frameworks ofanthropocentric approach.

The radiation risk has been evaluated for a number of regions of Gomel areas and Mogilevregion in accordance with the linear non-threshold model "Dose-Effect".A lifelong risk coefficient of the radiation-inducible cancers of 5% / Zv, offered by the ICRP, isused in the evaluations.

The doses, used for the risk assessment, are taken from the Doses Catalogue-1992 of theMinistry of Health, Republic of Belarus, which contains the doses, referring to the years 1991-1992. Correspondingly, our evaluations determine potential cancers, conditioned by the radiationexposure during this period of time. Obtained evaluations do not take into account either theradiation-inducible cancers of the thyroid gland, or the leukemia cases, observed in theliquidators as a result of the radiation exposure in the year 1986.

The work also contains an evaluation of the component, specific for the Chernobylradiation risk, conditioned by the radiation dose, accumulated in the population of the regionsunder observation by the year 2004. The obtained results conform to the other authors'conclusions (Malko M.V., 2001,2003).

In the framework of the ICRP model it's shown that a maximum possible influence of theradiation contamination factor can't be a source of the actually registered carcinogenic risk. Inthis connection, an analysis of the ecological hazard non-radiation components is of importance.

By now, the scientific community has achieved the understanding of the fact that achemical pollution risk can be compared with a risk of the radiation contamination even in theregions mostly suffered from the accident at the Chernobyl atomic power station. Furthermore,under a combined influence of a complex of factors, there is a risk of a nonlinear enhancement ofthe adverse effects. In this connection, an urgent problem appeared consisting of the newapproach elaboration on the evaluation of the technogenic environment contamination, underwhich an influence of different adverse factors would be expressed in comparable values, suitablefor their comparative analysis. This problem solving refers first of all to the decision makingoptimization at the safety arrangements planning on the contaminated territories.

UZ0603207

SAFE USE OF THE INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS REACTORWITH LOW ENRICHED FUEL

Baytelesov S.A., Dosimbaev A.A., Koblik Yu.N.,Salikhbaev U.S., Khalikov U.A., Yuldashev B.S.


The requirements for safe exploitation of reactor do not accept boiling of water on thesurface of fuel elements. At determination of safe thermal regime of reactor (permissible level ofpower) the regime of the most heat-stressed fuel assembly (FA) in the active core was analyzed.

Section IV. Nuclear and Radiation Safety, Non Proliferation Issues313

<C\.ih.The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006

MPNP'2006 _ 1NP-50

By using ASTRA code [1] the heat-stressed sector is determined by most heat-stressed FA.In calculations the power of reactor was selected so that stock factor prior to the water boiling onthe FA surface was not less than 1,45. Besides, in calculations the value of maximal energydensity in examined FA is decreased by 10 %. As the part of the energy generated in the FAcores will be lost in constructional materials of the active zone and on the reflector. The stocks ofsafety before occurrence of instability of flow in gaps between of FA and before crisis of heatexchange are also analyzed. Further, by using the MCNP-4C code [2], densities of fast (E > 0,821MeV) and thermal flows (E < 0,625 eV) of neutrons were calculated for those experimentalchannels where the irradiation of samples would be carried out.

References:1. M.K. Emelianov, A.V. Taliev. The ASTRA code for the calculation of a thermal mode of FA

with tubular coaxial heat irradiation elements. // Institute of Atomic Energy, Moscow, 1985.2. J.F.Briesmeister (Ed.); MCNP - A general Monte Carlo N-particle transport code. Los

Alamos National Laboratory, LA-13709, Version 4C , 2000.

UZ0603208

EXPERIMENT CALCULATED ASCERTAINMENT OF FACTORSAFFECTING THE ENERGY RELEASE IN IGR REACTOR CORE

Kurpesheva A.M.1, Zhotabayev Zh.R.2

institute of Atomic Energy, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan2National Nuclear Center, Almaty, Kazakhstan

At present energy supply resources problem is important. Nuclear reactors can, of course,solve this problem, but at the same time there is another issue, concerning safety exploitation ofnuclear reactors. That is why, for the last seven years, such experiments as "Investigation of theprocesses, conducting severe accidents with core melting" are being carried out at our IGR(impulse graphite reactor) reactor. Leaving out other difficulties of such experiments, it isnecessary to notice, that such experiments require more accurate IGR core energy releasecalculations. The final aim of the present research is verification and correction of the existingmethod or creation of new method of IGR core energy release calculation. IGR reactor is uniqueand there is no the same reactor in the world. Therefore, application of the other research reactormethods here is quite useful. This work is based on evaluation of factors affecting core energyrelease (physical weight of experimental device, different configuration of reactor core, i.e.location of absorbers, initial temperature of core, etc), as well as interference of absorbers group.

As it is known, energy release is a value of integral reactor power. During experiments withrays, Reactor power depends on currents of ion production chambers (IPC), located round thecore. It is worth to notice that each ion production chamber (IPC) in the same start-up has its ownratio coefficient between IPC current and reactor present power. This task is complicated due to"IPC current - reactor power" ratio coefficients, that change continuously, probably, because ofnew loading of experimental facility and different position of control rods. That is why, in orderto try about reactor power, before every start-up, we have to re-determine the "IPC current -reactor power" ratio coefficients for each ion production chamber (IPC). Therefore, the present



work will investigate the behavior of ratio coefficient within the different situations, after allempiric dependences between reactor physical parameters are checked, and based on which, ratiocoefficient is determined.The main aspects of the work are:1. Examination of empiric dependences between reactor physical parameters by means of

designed model.po=f(Xr) - "initial reactivity step from working position of control rod",There are three start rods at IGR reactor. The reactor starts-up when they are removed. There is a

linear dependence of insertion teactance on position of the start rod, when two other rodsremain at their initial position. At start-up, initial insertion reactance from displacement oftwo or three start rods is defined by total reactivity for each rod position. That is why themain objectives of this paragraph will be the examination of empirical dependence "reactivity- working position of control rod" and creations of tables of insertion reactance fromdisposition of two or three start rods. Also, rods group interference theory will be reviewedTo=f(p0) - " reactor runaway period from initial reactivity step",Qmax=f(Po) - "maximum power in flash from initial reactivity step".

2. Definition of design energy release in executed start-ups with blank experimental channel.In this paragraph, influence of different core configurations on "IPC current - reactor power"ratio coefficient for each IPC will be studied. Design energy release value will be comparedwith averaged value of energy release for each chamber. Therefore, power "averaging"method for each chamber will be developed.

3. Definition of the design energy release in the executed start-ups with loaded experimentalchannel.In this paragraph, influence of physical weight of experimental device on "IPC current -reactor power" ratio for the same core configuration, and, vice versa, influence of differentconfiguration for the same physical weight on "IPC current - reactor power" will be analyzed.

4. Thorough analysis of work executed.In this paragraph, results of the above mentioned work will be analyzed, by comparing ofdesign energy release with experimental results.

5. Based on of paragraph 6, new method of IGR core energy release definition will be improvedor created.

UZ0603209

DEVELOPMENT OF MONITORING SYSTEM FOR STUDYINGOF RADIONUCLIDE AND CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION LEVEL

IN TRANS BOUNDARY RIVER BASINS OF CASPIANAND KARA SEAS AT RUSSIAN FEDERATION TERRITORY

Valyaev A.N.1, Stepanets O.V.21Nuclear Safety Institute, Moscow, Russia

2 Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia

Intensive and insufficiently controlled human industrial activities, ignoring regionalgeological and geochemical processes, resulted in considerable chemical pollution and


315

$gb The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNFZ006 INP-SO

radioactive contamination of these river's basins, where some large nuclear power plants,uranium and chemical enterprises, oil and gas productions are also located. This epidemiologicaland environmental situation aggravated further after USSR collapse and the establishment of newindependent states due to lack of the appropriate environmental monitoring in those countries andon their near-border areas in particular, that contributed to further aggravation of the politicaltension and economic destabilization between transboundary countries. The environmentalsituation here is one of most unfavorable among world water ecosystems.

In recent years different pollutants (radionuclides, toxins, organic substances and heavymetals) activate reduction processes in bottom sediments, that lead to changes in sulfur andcarbon cycles, the oxygen deficit in water, to eutrophication of water reservoirs and theirbiological degradation. Today the development of total environmental monitoring systems isclearly necessary for operative current control, ensuring preparedness and prediction of anypotential emergencies of global and local scales and their long-term effects. The objectives forpresented monitoring systems are to: (l)study sources and mechanisms of chemical pollution andradioactive contamination of water basins of Volga (the largest river in Europe and Russia),Terek and Ural rivers flowed into Caspian Sea, and Ob, Irtysh and Tom ones, flowed into KaraSea in Arctic Ocean within RF territory; (2) develop the well-ground database (DB) oncontamination; (3) the using of the obtained results for the operative current trans boundarycontrol, monitoring and protection of freshwater resources; (4) modeling of pollutant's migration.There is no way to provide solution of environmental protection problems by some separateregion or state and only the joint coordinated efforts of all countries are necessary. The presentedour development is the important part in two International Programs: "Joint Internationalresearches and creation of common system of radiation and hydrochemical monitoring of riversof Caspian Sea Basin on the territories of Russia, Kazakhstan, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijanfor trans boundary control objectives" and "Study of the sources and peculiarities of radionuclideand chemical contamination for the creation of joint radiation monitoring system of the Ob -Irtysh rivers on the territories of RF and Kazakhstan Republic" In result the new data oncontamination and pollution of these basins will be obtained; the most contaminated areas andobjects will be identified and described from the viewpoint of their potential and real hazard; thedeveloped detail DB, comprising a variety of information on ecological situation of these basins,will be generated; scientifically-justified recommendations and proposals on control, limitationand prevention of the main possible mechanisms of pollutant/contaminant discharges to theriver's system will be developed and then used for solution of the problem of trans boundarycontrol and water resource protection. Two well-grounded Program's schemes on theradioecological and hydrochemical monitoring with DB will provide to the development of thegeoinformation ecological monitoring system (GIS), that will be used in forecast of health effectsand the degree of their manifestation and spreading, decision making on countermeasures andprophylaxis of local population, protection of flora and fauna, agricultural production, etc. Thesemeasures will result in enormous savings of financial expenditures to cover consequences ofecological disasters that can happen due to diseases following environmental contamination andconsumption of contaminated products. In 21st century fresh water is becoming a new greatdeficit source and also these Programs will promote the development and realization of a newinternational complex well-grounded ecological policy, including rational usage and managementof all fresh water resources under trans-boundary influence. These Programs will be promote therealization of concept of substantial development with growth of economical cooperation andstability, decreasing of political stress not only for the countries- participants, but also at globalscale for all countries, located at the continent.


MPNP'2006

The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006P<P-50

DISTRIBUTION AND MIGRATION PATHWAY OF RADIONUCLIDESIN THE OB AND YENISEI RIVERS ESTUARIES AND

ADJACENT PART OF THE KARA SEA BASEDON 2003-2005 YEARS INVESTIGATION DATA \ CM

• C O: O

Stepanets P., Borisov A., Ligaev A., Solovjeva G., Travkina A., Valyaev A. = 5

'institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia ss| bj2Nuclear Safety Institute, Moscow, Russia ^ =

The modern radioecological situation of the Arctic region is substantially connected withmigration of polluting substances (including radionuclides) in system Kara sea-estuaries of therivers of Ob and Yenisei. Drains of the Siberian rivers, due to possible presence at them ofproducts of activity of the radiochemical enterprises of Urals and Siberia ( Mayak ProductionAssociation, Krasnoyarsk-26 Mining and Chemical Combine), are, last years, one of the mainsources of anthropogenous pollution of the Kara sea.

Radioactive elements by river waters are transferred in the Kara sea, passing through a zoneof interaction the river-sea, a natural geochemical barrier in which distribution and behavior ofchemical elements and their radioactive isotopes can significant changes. The estimation ofprevalence and carry of a radio-activity on water area is impossible without taking into accountavailable sources of pollution and data on migration separate radionuclides in the seaenvironment that is defined by their chemical nature and set of geochemical and hydrophysicalparameters in the investigation areas.

The received results on horizontal distribution of radionuclides in the top layer of surfacesediments testifies to significant influence lithological structure of sediments on a level ofconcentration separate radionuclides, first of all caesium-137 and plutonium-239,240. Carried outof granulometric analysis the structure of sediments has allowed to receive direct dependence ofspecific activity radionuclides from percentage of clay fraction in samples.

The received dependences in a combination with geological and geochemical characteristicsof the top layer of surface sediments have allowed to reveal features of distribution on the coresradiation dangerous radionuclides - caesium-137, strontium-90 and plutonium-239,240 in variouswater areas on a route the river-sea, including and shallow bays of archipelago Novaya Zemlya.

Processing of structures of vertical distribution radionuclides caesium-137 and lead-210 onlength of a core have allowed to estimate sedimentation rate of modern sediments for the Arcticbasin, and the revealed fluctuations of caesium-137 have enabled to identify the periods of themassed receipt in the past of a radio-activity in the region from Mayak Production Associationand Krasnoyarsk-26 Mining and Chemical Combine.

Studying of a condition radionuclides and chemical elements in water carry out using afiltration and a ultrafiltration of water samples of great volume a radiochemical method, and alsoa method membrane fractionation small volume samples of water passing a solution through thecartridge of filters with a decreasing size of pores and final definition of separate elements by amass-spectrometer method. Suspended matter of the near-bottom seawater contains up to 1-5% ofCs-137 and strontium-90, for zones acTyapneB these sizes can reach 20-40 % This means that thecesium-137 concentration coefficient by suspended matter may be as high as 10 -10 and thatsuspended load may transport considerable amount of radiocaesium. It was found that more than50% of Sr-90 and plutonium-239,240 enable to form complexes with dissolved organic matter.This effect is smaller in saline waters. We suppose that this effect is related with the behavior of


317

•§& The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006 L ^ PMPNP'2006 INP-50

sulvic acid type organic matter in sea water: Fulvic compounds are typical of river water andnear-shore sea water and are low in concentration in the marine waters of high salinity.

Obtained data have appeared necessary for long-term forecasting a radioecological situationin water area of Kara sea due to consequences of influence of sources of pollution, including theradiochemical enterprises and places of a burial place of radioactive waste.

UZ0603211

RADIOACTIVITY OF THE ENVIRONMENT OF NORTH-WEST SPURSOF ZARAFSHAN MOUNTAIN RANGE

Azimov A.N.1, Begimkulov Kh.1, Muminov I.T.2, Muhamedov A.K.1,Rashidova D.Sh.2, Safarov A.A.1, Safarov A.N.1, Khushmuradov Sh.1

1 Samarkand State University, Samarkand, Uzbekistan2Research Institute of Applied Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The study of radioactivity is one of the components of background monitoring ofenvironmental condition.

In the present work the new approach is used in the processing of scintillation y-spectra [1].The concentrations of natural (NR) long-lived 226Ra, 232Th, 235U, 40K, short-lived 222Rn (T1/2=3.83d), technogenic I37Cs and cosmogenic 7Be (T1/2=54 d) radionuclides are studied in samples ofnatural waters, soil, rocks and plants collected in various seasons in 2001-2006 at samplinglocations along auto-route Samarkand-Kitab from the village of Kizilbash (1010 m above sea-level) through Tahtakoracha mountain pass (1650 m) to the village of Kainar (950 m).

The selected and prepared samples were hermetically packed into 1-litre Marinelli beakers,kept from 4 hours to 30 days (depending on the task) and measured on scintillation y-spectrometer with 63x63 mm, AEy/1332 = 10% Nal(Tl) crystal. The standard sources 226Ra,232Th, 40K and 137Cs with filling densities p=215-1770 gr/1 [2] from OMACH installation wereused for calibration by registration efficiency of y-radiation and for decomposition of spectra intocomponents.

Table 1. Activity of 222Rn in water

Samples*Altitudeabove sea-level, mAmin, Bq/1

Amax, Bq/1

11010

22.(2)

27(3)

21025

25(3)

30(3)

31060

55(4)

65(5)

41275

40(3)

50(4)

51640

80(6)

110(8)

61500

100(8)120(9)

71310

90(7)

100(8)

8875

25(3)

37(3)

91300

<7

101030

<5

*) Springs: 1-Kizilbash, 2-Tersakchashma, 3-Issikchashma, 4-Toshbulok, 5-Takhtakoracha,6-Enbulok, 7-KushbuIok, 8-Kainar. Rivers: 9-Amankutan sai, 10- Tersak sai.


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 INP-SO

As an example, on fig.l and 2, the y-spectra of lichen and water as well as their componentsare shown. In table 1, seasonal fluctuations of 222Rn concentration in springs and rivers are given.In water of springs, activity is the lowest in April and June. In this data a correlation with thealtitude h of spring's location can be observed. Concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, 137Cs instudied samples differ depending on sampling location, and in case of 7Be, it also depends on theseason, Amax- December-April and Amin - July-October (table 2).

Table 2.Activities of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, 137Cs and 7Be.

Sample

Soil layer, 0-1 mm

Lichen

Archa needles

St.-John's wortMilfoilMarbleGranite

A, * Bq/kgm R a22-52

29-68

0,8

<2,2<2,23-658

232 T h

29-56

48-67

<1,8

<1,8<1,85-7130

4 0 K

430-790360-53

165

680961<201220

137Cs50-85

220-270

7Be270-450

300-470

19-160

*errors 8=8-15%.

1 0 0 0 -

1 0 0 0 -

0 3 0 0 B O O 9 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 5 0 0 1 8 0 0 2 1 0 0 2 4 0 O 2 7 0 0

z o c o -

I 0 0 0 -

+ * • • 'A „ , - 3 0 ( ] ) B ( | /

J 8 ( 4 ) B q . k !

" 1 ' » j " ! " ( < t ) B q H j

^UJl A C r » 2 4 5 (2 0 ) 8 (

A , . - 2 7 0 C 3 0 ) B q '

Fig. 1. y-spectrum of water sample V0(t0=0) F«g- 2. y-spectra of lichen sample - S andand Vi(t1=20 days) and the component of its components, F-background, ERa,Th,K,cs222Rn- VRn=V0-Vi. - normalized spectra of standard sources,

SBe-478 keV 7Be.

References:1. I.T.Muminov, A.K.Muichamedov, B.S.Osmanov, A.A.Safarov, A.N.Safarov, Application of

Nal(Tl) detector for measurement of natural radionuclides and 137Cs in environmentalsamples: new approach by decomposition of measured spectrum, Journal of EnvironmentalRadioactivity, v.84, p.321-331 (2005).

2. Certificate of D.LMendeleev VNIIM JVel 10/95.


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< £> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006IHPNP'2006 P^P-SO

NOVEL TECHNIQUE OF REDUCING RADON LEVELSIN LIVING PREMISES

I!! Jill III! Khavdarov R.A.. Gapurova O.U., Khaydarov R.R.• .mill Illl Illl .•_.. _r\r 1 nr • T> I 1 ± T T 7 i • ^UZ0603212 Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Radon is a naturally occurring gas seeping into homes and underground structures(buildings, tunnels, hangars, garages, etc.) from the surrounding soil through walls, floor, etc. andemanating from construction materials such as concrete, granite, etc. The level of radon isespecially great in regions with the higher content of uranium in soil and water and withgeological breaks of the Earth's crust. Concentrations of uranium higher than 10 g per ton of soilhave been found in 14% of territory of Uzbekistan. As a result, for instance, concentration ofradon 10-100 times exceeds the regulation level in 14% of premises in Tashkent, 41% ofpremises in Almalik town and 44% in Yangiabad town.

The purpose of this work was creating a method to reduce concentration of radon gas inbuildings and undeground structures. We suppose that the most effective technique is a treatmentof walls, floors, etc. of basement and underground structures by special chemicals which sealmicropores inside the construction materials. Sealing the pores stops radon diffusion and, inaddition, it blocks another radon pathway - water migration and emanation from concrete,gypsum or other construction materials. In the paper polymeric silicoorganic compounds areinvestigated and selected as the chemicals to prevent radon seeping indoors.

Gas (air, Ar, 222Rn, H2O) permeability of concrete and gypsum after treatment by chemicalshas been examined. Influence of types of cement and sand, preliminary treatment by differentchemicals, different types of polymeric silicoorganic compounds, time between treatments,moisture of concrete, time between preparation of chemicals and treatment of concrete (ageing ofchemicals), time between treatment of concrete and testing (ageing of treated concrete) have beenexamined. Surfaces of the samples were treated by spray.

Experiments have shown that chosen method of treatment of the construction materialsallows reducing the coefficient of gas permeability in 200 - 400 times. The treatment of floor,walls and ceiling of basements of 5 various houses has reduced the radon concentration in thepremises of the first floor from 400 - 600 Bq/m3 to the background value of 17-20 Bq/m3.

UZ0603213

MEASUREMENTS OF RADON LEVELS AND EXHALATION RATEOF RADON IN DWELLINGS BY DETECTORS CR-39

Vasidov A., Tillaev T.S.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

In the paper, results of radon level measurement by CR-39 detectors in multistory and onestory buildings as well as exhalation rate of radon from a surface of walls of houses are reported.Is shown, that in some one and two story houses constructed of brick and clay the concentrationof radon reached up to 520 Bq/m3 and higher. The exhalation rate of radon from the surface of


<g$ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'200< _ i _ J _ _ J _ ^ 1NF-50

walls of dwellings constructed from different construction materials are within limits of 0.083-1.12 Bq m h' . At average levels of radon 44-384 Bq/m for inhabitants of multistory and onestory buildings an annual effective doze and fatal factor of risk are estimated occurred to be (0,7-6,\) mSv/year and (0,5-4,57) x 10"4 , respectively.

UZ0603214

INFRARED PRECISION MEASURING COMPLEXFOR INVESTIGATION OF HIGH-SPEED PROCESSES

IN SUBCRITICAL ELECTRONUCLEAR INSTALLATION

Mal'tsev A.A., Maslova M.VJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia

The description of multi-channel system for investigation of the energy generationdynamics by infrared radiation is given [1]. The system consists of an optical channel, infraredradiation detector, a unit of amplifiers, monitoring electronics and coupling with a computer. Theappropriate software reads out operations in the real time disc operation system.

Reference:1. M.V.Maslova et al. - Atomic Energy, 2002. Vol. 93. No. 4. P. 832/"

UZ0603215

FUEL ASSEMBLIES OF LOW ENRICHED 235U IN REACTOR OFINSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS OF UZBEKISTAN ACADEMY OF

SCIENCES

Dosimbaev A.A., Baytelesov S.A., Koblik Yu.N.,Salikhbaev U.S., Khalikov U.A., Yuldashev B.S.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

On the WWR-SM reactor of INP Uzbekistan AS since March 1987 till March 1989 theresource tests of 3 fuel assemblages (FA) such as IRT-3M with 36 % enrichment on 235U werecarried out. Uranium density in FA cores were 2,5 g/cm3. The FA tests have passed successfullywith more than 50 % of the fuel burnt out. Thus increase of the radioactive emissions levelthrough reactor ventilating center above control was not observed.

The WWR-SM reactor conversion the FA such as IRT-3M with fuel (UO2-A1) 36 %enrichment on 235U was started in August 1998 and was completed in February 1999. Uraniumdensity in FA cores was 2,7 g/cm3. From the end of 2000 till March 2002 the resource tests of FAsuch as IRT-4M with lower enrichment (19,7 %) on 235U were carried out on the WWR-SMreactor and were successfully finished with average burning out of 62 %.

In the given work the accumulated experience on the WWR-SM INP AS RU reactorexploitation with of lowered 235U enrichment on fuel is discussed.


321

•3.S

The Sixth International Conference "Modem Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006 »•* Q

MPNP'2006

j§ £ SAFETY CONCEPT OF LEAD-COOLED FAST REACTORS- = CO

fij g Orlov V.V., Smirnov V.S., Filin A.I.i ^ ^ Research and Development Institute of Power Engineering, Moscow, Russia

Apart from nuclear, there appear to be no economically competitive energy sources today,which could be an alternative to use of fossil fuels for meeting long-term energy demands ofmankind. On the other hand, review of the traditional nuclear technologies suggests that, evenwith regard to their possible improvement, they are incapable of giving an integral solution to themain problems of the nuclear power industry developed to a scale large enough to provide for thegreater part of increase in electricity production.

Meanwhile, studies carried out in Russia suggest that a nuclear technology that will meetthe requirements of large-scale nuclear power in terms of fuel resources, safety, non-proliferationof nuclear weapons, environmental protection and economic competitiveness, may be developedaround certain design solutions that have been successfully applied already in civil and militaryfields. The key elements of this innovative technology are a fast reactor of natural safety, withhigh-density, heat-conducting fuel of equilibrium composition, non-combustible, high-boiling,low-activated, inexpensive heavy metal coolant and a closed fuel cycle involving fuelregeneration without separation of plutonium and minor actinides from uranium. The principle ofnatural safety lies in deterministic exclusion of the most severe accidents through use of inherentproperties of the reactor, rather than through buildup of engineered barriers and requirements. Itsimplementation is a sure way towards economic efficiency, while technological elimination ofplutonium separation and its production in blankets together with incineration of actinides offerproliferation resistance and allow radioactive waste disposal without upsetting the naturalradiation balance of the Earth.

Development of the innovative reactor raises a whole number of questions on physics,technology and design, whose solution may only be demonstrated in real operation or in a settingas close as possible to field conditions. To this end, NIKIET in cooperation with other instituteshas designed a 300 MWe demonstration fast reactor with uranium-plutonium nitride fuel and leadcoolant, BREST-OD-300. The capacity of the reactor is close to a minimum chosen so as toensure full plutonium reproduction in the core (CBR-1), required for operation with fuel ofequilibrium composition, and economically acceptable fuel burnup, Bmax~10 %, over the lifetimeof ~5 years.

Pilot operation and experimental studies at BREST-OD-300 are to demonstrate, first andforemost, the new natural safety features of such reactors which will rule out severe accidentswith impermissible radioactive and toxic releases primarily due to feedbacks, physical andchemical properties and behaviour inherent in the chain reaction, fuel, coolant and other reactorcomponents.

Up to now, safety improvement of NPPs in operation, under construction or being designedhas been achieved mostly by building up barriers, systems and other engineered features, whichinevitably add to the plant cost. It will not be a great exaggeration to say that the high cost ofpresent-day NPPs is the price paid for their safety, with the requirements for the latter growing asthe scale of nuclear power increases.



As distinct from the "engineered safety" approach, implementation of the principle ofnatural safety will not be very expensive, making it possible at the same time to reconcile therequirements for plant safety and cost-effectiveness.

Nothing but at least pilot operation of BREST-OD-300 may demonstrate the reactorperformance with fuel of equilibrium composition, small reactivity margin, with regenerated fuelreplenished by natural or depleted uranium alone, etc.

This paper briefly describes the specific design features of the core, reactor control andprotection system, and coolant circuit. The main technical data are presented, together with theresults of research and development work performed to validate the design characteristics ofBREST-OD-300.

Special emphasis is placed on demonstration of safety. The paper identifies the ways andmeans of attaining natural safety, which exclude prompt neutron excursion, loss of cooling, andfuel failure owing to the small reactivity margin, Aptot ~ P, low pressure in the circuit, largemargins to limiting temperatures, high level of natural circulation, passive removal of decay heatby air (unlimited in time), high heat storage capacity of the lead circuit, passive coolanttemperature and flow rate feedbacks, etc.

The BREST reactor safety was verified by successive analyses of accidents arising from themost hazardous and credible initiating events and by proving deterministically the impossibilityof the off-normal conditions growing into an accident which would require evacuation of localresidents.

The only features to ensure reactor stability considered in the accident analyses were thefeedbacks of core components and coolant flow rates. In some severe cases, consideration wasalso given to operation of threshold passive safety features responding to coolant flow drop andexcess of the limiting temperature at the core outlet.

UZ0603217

NAVRUZ PROJECT: SHARING RADIOACTIVITY DATAFOR THE RIVERS OF UZBEKISTAN

Yuldashev B.S.1, Salikhbaev U.S.1, Passel H.D.2, Radyuk R.L1, Radyuk G.A.1,Zhuravlev A.A.\ Vasileva V.S.1, Lespukh E.E.1

institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan2Sandia National Laboratories, USA

The Navruz Project is an international, collaborative, transboundary data collection and datasharing project for rivers in the Aral Sea basin engaging scientist and water managers fromKyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Tadjikistan, Uzbekistan and the United States. Standardized samplingand data collection methods assure that data are comparable across international borders, and dataare shared among all partners and public through a website athttp://ironside.sandia.gov/Central/centralasia.html.


<{§§}• The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 ?

As a result of measurement of pollution of water and bottom sediments, the areas with highconcentration of radionuclides are revealed. In particular, the Akhangaran and Syr-Darya riverswere studied and it was shown that the beta- and an alpha-activity of Akhangaran river water issignificant in the sampling point 19 (former uranium mine). Migration of uranium seriesradionuclides up to a water deposit (point 21) is observed. At the inflow to the water deposit asmall aura of uranium salts was formed due to migration of soluble salts of uranium. However, atconfluence of Akhangaran and Syr-Darya the increase of both total beta- and alpha-activity isobserved occurring, apparently, due to drainage waters.

The beta- and alpha-activity of Syr-Darya river water gradually grows and reaches 1.02 and0.65 Bq/L, respectively. This increase is possibly caused by the human technogenic activity.Thus, it is necessary to note that the alpha-activity level of water exceeds permissible level fordrinking water in practically all investigated points. For the Akhangaran river, alpha-activity ofbottom sediments is significant and subjected to seasonal fluctuations (autumn - increase, spring -decrease). Migration of radionuclides in bottom sediments can be observed at the distance up to60 km from the point where the pollution source is located, which is especially pronounced foruranium series nuclides. This demonstrates the geochemical properties of uranium, and showsthat salts of uranium are more mobile, than salts of thorium.

UZ0603218

URANIUM CONTAMINATION OF DRINKING WATERIN KAZAKHSTAN AND UZBEKISTAN

Kawabata Y.\ Aparin V.2. Shiraishi K.3, Ko S.3,Yamamoto M.4, Nagaia M.5, Katayama Y.5

1Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan2Kyzyltepageologya, Complex Geo-ecological Expedition, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

* National Institute of Ragiological Science, Chiba, Japan4Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan

5Human Environment University, Aichi, Japan

Uranium is a naturally occurring radioactive metal, and is widely distributed in the Earth'scrust. But it is concentrated in certain rock formations. Most of the uranium for nuclear weaponproduced in the Soviet Union during the Cold War came from Central Asia.

Uranium has negative effects on the human body, both as a carcinogen and as a kidneytoxin. WHO (2004) prescribed that uranium concentrations in drinking water should be less than15 mcg/1 for only chemical aspects of uranium addressed.

We determined high uranium concentrations in drinking water in the central region ofUzbekistan (Y. KAWABATA et al. 2004). In this area, some discharge water from farmland hashigher uranium concentration.

Irrigation systems Kyzyl-orda in Republic of Kazakhstan and in Karakalpakstan in theRepublic of Uzbekistan have drains deeper than 5m, in order to protect against salinization.


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPWP'2006

Water in these drains can mix with ground water. In this area, ground water is used for drinkingwater.

We investigated uranium concentrations in water in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. In the halfof drinking water sampling points, uranium concentrations exceeded the WHO (2004) guidelinelevel for drinking water. Uranium is a suspected carcinogen that can also have a toxic effect onkidney. However, WHO addresses only the chemical aspects of uranium by giving uraniumconcentrations in drinking water. The effect of uranium exposure from drinking water on peoplein these areas is significant. The uranium concentration in the Aral Sea was higher than that insea water. Aral Sea is accumulating uranium.

References:1. WHO(2004) : Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality Third Edition. Vol. 1., World Health

Organization, Geneva, 2004, 1-5152. Y. KAWABATA, M. YAMAMOTO, K. SHIRAISHI, S. KO and Y. KATAYAMA, Uranium

Pollution in the Republic of Uzbekistan, Journal of Arid Land Studies, vol. 13-4,227-233(2004)

UZ0603219

PRODUCTION OF SORPTION-ACTIVE POLYPROPYLENE FIBERSBY RADIATION-INDUCED GRAFTING OF GLYCIDYL

METHACRYLATE AS A PRECURSOR MONOMER

Bondar Yu.V.1, Kim H.J.2, Lim Y.J.3

institute of Environmental Geochemistry, Kiev, Ukraine2Korea Dyeing Technology Center, Daegu, Korea

3Kyunpook National University, Daegu, Korea

The design and development of sorption-active natural and synthetic polymer fibers andtextile materials is of great scientific and practical interest. The advantages of that type ofpolymeric adsorbents, as their highly developed specific surface, excellent ion-exchange andadsorption parameters and ease of their use especially under continuous conditions, allow them tofind a great application in the chemical, biomedical, ecological and industrial fields.

To obtain functional polymer materials with the desired performance, the non-activepolymer surface have to be modified. Among different innovative techniques used for theintroduction of graft chains, the radiation-chemical method of initiation has some economical andecological preferences over others. It allows to introduce into inert polymeric matrix chains of amonomer already containing a desirable functional group, or to graft chains of a precursor-monomer and subsequently its chemical modification to form required functional groups. Atpresent an epoxy-group containing monomer, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), is successfully usedas a precursor-monomer for production of polymeric adsorbents of variety applications on thebase of membranes, films, fibers and fabrics.


325

^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 1NP-50

Two types of sorption-active polypropylene fiber carrying strong-acid sulfonate groups andamino groups have been synthesized by radiation-induced graft polymerization of GMA, withsubsequent chemical modification of the epoxy groups of poly-GMA graft chains. The effect ofvarious polymerization parameters on the GMA grafting degree was investigated in detail. Theepoxy ring-opening of poly-GMA graft chains with introduction of strong-acid sulfonate groupswas carried out with sodium hydrogensulfite in water-dimethylformamide solution at 70°C. Themain peculiarities of the sulfonation reaction in depending on the reaction time and GMAgrafting degree have been investigated. Amine groups were incorporated by treatment of theGMA-grafted polypropylene fibers with excess of diethylene triamine reagent. The conversion ofthe epoxy groups into the functional groups was investigated as a function of the degree of GMAgrafting and reaction time. The ion-exchange characteristics of obtained sorption-activepolypropylene fibers have been determined.

Keywords: Nonwoven polypropylene fibers, synthesis, electron beam irradiation,functionalization of polymers, graft copolymerization.

UZ0603220

SUSTAINABILITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLESIN SOLUTIONS AND POLYMER MATERIALS

Khavdarov R.R., Malikov Sh., Khaydarov R.A., Mironov V.V.Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The technology of obtaining stable silver nanoparticles in solutions and composite materialsfor attainment of antimicrobial and antifungal properties to different surfaces has been developed.The shape of particles is spherical, diameter is about 5 nm.

Various concentartions of silver nanoparticles have been deposited onto surfaces ofdifferent materials (cotton and synthetic fabrics, fibroid sorbents and polymer materials).Different ways of treatment and densities of nanoparticles on the treated surface have beenstudied during 6 months with respect to the best sustainability. In order to prevent agglomerationof obtained metal nanoparticles on the surface of materials treated, stabilizing reagents (ethyleneglycol, formic acid, sodium dodecyl sulphate, etc.) have been used and their relative efficacy hasbeen examined. Residual concentrations of the nanoparticles on various fabrics after 1, 3, 5 and10 cycles of washing have been also studied. The treated fabrics keep their antibacterialproperties after at least 3 times of laundering. The best finishing process to attach silvernanoparticles combination to various materials has been compared with biocidal properties ofsuch antibacterial agents as metal salt solutions and zinc pyrithione.The possibility of treatmentof nuclear track membranes by silver nanoparticles in order to prevent microbial growth on thesurface of membranes has been discussed.



FILTERS FOR WATER PURIFICATION FROM RADIONUCLIDES

Mironov V.V., Khaydarov R.R., Khaydarov R.A, Gapurova O.IJLInstitute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

UZ0603221At present purification of waste water and drinking water from radionuclides, heavy metal

ions, and organic contaminants is one of the most important problems. One of widely usedmethods for solving this problem is the ion exchange method based on using of different types ofresins and fibroid sorbents. This paper deals with new chemically modified polyester fibroidfilters having satisfactory adsorption characteristics. The process of the filter production includestheir treatment by acrylonitrilic emulsion for improving mechanical characteristics.

An advantage of the fibroid ion-exchange sorbents over resin is in their high sorption rate,effective regeneration and small value of pressure drop of the sorbent layer for purified water.The specific surface of the fibroid sorbents is (2 - 3) 104 m2/ kg, i.e. about 102 times greater thanthat of the resin (102 m2/ kg). Owing to that fact the rate of the sorption process on the developedfibroid sorbents is much greater than that on the resin.

The developed cation- and anion-exchange filters can be used for removing metal ions(Zn, Ni, Cu, Sb, Co, Cd, Cr, etc.) and organic compounds (M- 32P, M- 131I, M-99Mo+99mTc, etc.)from water. Capacity of the cation-exchange sorbents is 0.25 meq/g (Cu2+) and that of the anion -exchange is 0.45 .meq/g (Cr6+). The cation- and anion-exchange filters are also selective forremoving radionuclides 134'137Cs, 90Sr, 60Co and 129I in presence of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl" ionsin water at concentrations up to 500 mg/L.

New developed ion-exchange sorbents have been used in drinking water filters and mini-systems for removing organic and inorganic contaminants, in the equipment for waste waterpurification from oil products (at atomic power stations, car-washing stations, etc), from heavymetal ions (in electronic industry, match fabrics, leather processing plants etc).

UZ0603222

IAEA AND INIS ACTIVITIES ON MANAGINGNUCLEAR KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION(Information on the Base of IAEA Full Text Resource Materials)

Kadirova M.Institute of Nuclear Physics, National INIS Center, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

The term 'knowledge management' was coined in the mid-1990s. At present, more than80% of the world's leading nuclear industries, institutions and international organizations arepursuing knowledge management strategies. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)developed own strategy in Helping Member States to Manage Nuclear Knowledge, key elementsof which are following:


327

A ».'; i*>The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006

MPNP'2006

1. • Providing guidance for policy formulation and implementation of nuclear knowledgemanagement;

2. • Strengthening the contribution of nuclear knowledge in solving development problems,based on needs and priorities of Member States;

3. • Pooling, analyzing and sharing nuclear information to facilitate knowledge creation andits utilization;

4. • Implementing effective knowledge management systems;5. • Preserving and maintaining nuclear knowledge;6. • Securing sustainable human resources for the nuclear sector; and7. • Enhancing nuclear education and training.

Details of the strategy and future activities and examples of such activities in MemberStates related to Nuclear Knowledge Management will be given in report paper.

The International Nuclear Information System (INIS), which currently has 136 members, isin the process of redefining its mission to become the nuclear knowledge management tool of theMember States. INIS grants free access to universities, in support of education and training, anoffer that has been taken up by 283 academic organizations - a further 33 during 2005. In co-operation with the National INIS Centers, the first electronic version of the IMS multilingualThesaurus (Arabic-Chinese-English-French- German-Russian-Spanish) has been developed. INISis playing an active role in the preservation of information by digitizing printed information. In2005 over 1.5 million pages were digitized in close cooperation with Russian and French INISCenters and with the Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications. The Computer-assistedIndexing (CAI) system has been improved and upgraded. The CAI software Version 1.10 is nowused instead of FIBRE, by the INIS subject specialists. There are at present more than 2.6 millionitems and 600,000 full text documents in the INIS Database. IAEA Nuclear KnowledgeManagement Initiative any can find in Portal:

http://www.iaea.org/km andhttp://www.iaea.org/inis

Supporting education and trainingThe INIS&NKM Section has supported the first Summer Institute of the World Nuclear

University through a Technical Meeting, held in June 2005, to develop the curriculum of theSummer Institute. Learn more about the WNU at:

http://www.world-nuclear-university.org

The Asian Network for Education in Nuclear Technology (ANENT), established by theIAEA in 2004, has become operational in 2005. ANENT was established through an IAEATechnical Meeting to support education and training in Asia. A website has been set up and isbeing expanded to include a long-distance learning platform for teachers and students. Areference curriculum for nuclear engineering is being developed, in cooperation with theEuropean Nuclear Education Network (ENEN), the World Nuclear University and the WorldAssociation of Nuclear Operators. Please log-on to the ANENT website

www.anent-iaea.org

Bellow some Internet Resources on MNK and Preservation:

Knowledge Management. Personal Training and Qualification

http://www.iaea.org/worldatoni/Programmes/NucIear Energy/NENP/NPES/pact/trng.html

328 : :Section IV. Nuclear and Radiation Safety, Non Proliferation Issues

^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 3 9-22,2006MPNP'2006 mr-so

Knowledge Management Research Center (CIO)

http://www.cio.com/research/knowledge/index.html

Russian Federation CIS Science & Technologies Portal (CIS)

http://www.tech-db.ru/ISTC/DB/techdb.nsyiEHomeEng7ReadForm fRussian. English)

CIS - Atom Site: http://sng.ainf.ru/

Knowledge Services for Nuclear Industries (XINEXUS)

http://www.xinexus.com

Learn more about other projects, publications and activitiesThe INIS&NKM Section is also pursuing NKM projects in nuclear industry operating

organizations, for knowledge management in CIS countries, for knowledge loss risk assessmentsand others. At present ther is Establishing Regional project on Nuclear Knowledge Preservationin CIS Countries.

Workshop on Nuclear Knowledge ManagementThe INIS&NKM Section organized a workshop on managing nuclear knowledge in August

2005 at the International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy, supported also by theWNU. 41 participants from 24 Member States and international organizations shared bestpractices in transferring knowledge to young nuclear professionals.

The next workshop at ICTP on that topic will be held as School of Nuclear KnowledgeManagement, 18-22 September 2006, in Trieste, Italy.

Coordinated Research Project on Knowledge PreservationA new Coordinated Research Project (CRP) on Comparative Analysis of Methods and

Tools for Nuclear Knowledge Preservation has commenced. The main objective of the CRP is toassist Member States in the selection and implementation of appropriate cost-effective knowledgepreservation technological solutions to ensure preservation of critical knowledge in the nuclearsector. More information, please have a look at the detailed Information Sheethttp://www.iaea.org/km/documents/InformationSheet CRP.pdf

More detailed information about IAEA and INIS with Member States co-operationactivities on Managing and Preservation of Nuclear Knowledge will be given in report paper.

Section IV. Nuclear and Radiation Safety, Non Proliferation Issues329

The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006 l^jPMPNP'2006

ON EXPANDING AND REALISATION OF RADIATION MONITORINGPROGRAM AT THE BORDER CUSTOMS POINTS OF UZBEKISTAN

Petrenko V.D.. Karimov Yu.N., Podkovirin A.I.,Fazylov M.I., Shipilov N.N., Yuldashev B.S.

UZ0603223 Institute of Nuclear Physics, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

In the modern world the waves of terrorism spreading into international level the fightagainst has become one of most important tasks, in particular for Uzbekistan. Uzbekistan isgeographically located at the crossroads from Europe (Western Europe, Russia) to Asia(Turkmenistan, Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan and further to the South) and its territory is one of thepossible routes for illegal transportation of nuclear fissile and radioactive materials used byterrorists as a "pure" or "dirty" bomb.

Its threat is significant, and therefore, the aim of the civilized world is to stop any possibleillegal trafficking of such materials through Uzbekistan.

To accomplish this task, the program aimed at equipping the customs check-points with thesystems of pedestrian, vehicle and railroad portal radiation monitors was developed and initiatedunder international support.

Realization of this program and its results are reported in this presentation.


MPNP'2006

ALPHABETICAIINDEX

§g? The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 £NP-S0

Abdukadirova I.Kh.Abdukaymov M.N.Abdullaeva G.A.AbdullaevaYa.S.Abdullayev A.P.Abdullin Kh.A.Abdullin F.Sh.Abdurakhimov A.U.Abdurakhmanov B.S.Abdurakhmanov I.B.Abdurakhmanov K.P.Abdurakhmanov U.U.Abdusalyamov N.N.Abduvaliev A.A.Abduvayitov A.Abibullaev N.A.Adam J.Adamyan G.G.Aeppli G.Afanasiev S.V.Agaev S.S.Ahmedova G.A.Akhmadshaev A.Sh.Aksenov N.V.Aksenova T.I.Aleinikov Yu.

155,198,199249,251,2562702611711662511515159208136249,251,25628320727335,435718106,158102291260289184254

Alexandrov V.V.Aliev A.Aliev G.Sh.Aliev M.K.Alimov G.R.Alimov T.A.Allamuratova G.Allenspach P.Alonseva D.L.Amonov M.Z.Antonova V.P.Aparin V.Aripov G.A.Artemov A.S.Artemov S.V.Artikov A.Artykbaeva G.M.Ashurov M.Ashurov M.Kh.Aslani G.Aslanov I.I.AtabaevT.Sh.Atabaev B.G.Azimov A.N.Azimova B.Zh.Azraliev A.B.

248207797676122254,29741212227,2281143249,254,29710612,51,52,72,90,91,94,261139,140,141306,307224178305213172237276,280,318283160

B

BabaevM.K.Bahrami A.Baimbetova G.Bajajin A.G.Bakiev S-m A.Bakiev S-n A.Baktybayev K.Baktybayev M.K.Balabekyan A.Bardash L.Barmina A.Barsukov N.Barsukova E.G.BasovaE.S.Baydjanov M.I.

65,142,263305147,14851,52,942719,271,27485,86,8751,524317619,214,216158288138178

Beysembaeva H.B.Bizhanova K.Blokhintsev L.D.Boboyerova S.G.Bogachenko D.D.Bogdanov V.Bondar Yu.V.Boos E.G.Borisov A.Bozhikov G.A.Britvich G J.BrodinM.S.Brown B.A.Brown S.Bruchertseifer H.

Alphabetical Index

200,201,22321656,88,962289224273,3251063172892432011716289

333


Baygubekov A.S.Bayimbetova J.K.Baytelesov S.A.Bazarov E.Kh.Bedilov M.R.Bedilov R.M.Begimkulov Kh.Kh.Bekmirzaev R.N.

65,142,26387163,270,313,32138,108,109179,200,201,223223273,318100,106,132

Budzynski M.Bulaev O.F.Bulkhanov R.U.Burminskii V.P.Burtebaev N.T.Burtebayeva Ju.T.Butaev M.K.

16137,26612712,47,51,52,55,12751266

Canfield P.C.Cemy J.Chang Bo FuChaudhri M. A.Cherepnin Yu.S.Cherkasov A.S.Chernichenko S.K.

411716,1728,31111300,302243

Chernyadyev V.Chibisov E.V.Chikhray Y.Chubarian G.Chubenko A.P.Comsan M. N. H.

31124515816,1778,114,24324

D

Dadakhanov J.A.Daliev Kh.S.Daliev Sh.Kh.Danilova E.A.Depommier P.Dhiman N.Djabarova O.I.Djumaniyazova G.I.Djuraeva G.T.Dlouhy Z.Dmitriev S.N.

267,268,282172,1741749,274,283,290,29810384268267,284257,267,268,282,28449289

Doronma T.A.Dosimbaev A.A.Dryablov D.K.Duisebayev A.Duisebayev B.A.Dushanov E.Dyatel N.Dzhazairov-Kakhramanov V.Dzhumanov S.Dzhurakhalov A.A.

162270,313,3211066151,5219324251,127

192,193,229173

Egamediev S.Egorov O.K.Elmurotova D.B.Ermakov K.S.

25892,116181252

Ermamatov M.J.Eshbekov A.A.Essaniazov Sh.P.

87210125,134

334Alphabetical Index


F-G

Fazilova Z.Fazylov M.I.Filin A.I.Fomicheva L.N.Fominyh V.I.France G. DeFrymire A.Furrer A.Fainleib A.M.Gabaraev B.A.Gafiirov U.Ganeev G.Z.Gapparov A.U.Gapurova O.U.Garbuz V.V.Garistov V.P.Gary C.K.

176,225330322161169241323023711,176,225,236,237160175320,32719625,9537

Gasanov E.M.Gazieva Sh.S.Giardina G.G.Gildieva M.S.Gilitskiy Yu.V.Gnidak M.Goldberg V.Z.Golovkov V.M.Gordiyenko Y.Gorelkinskii Yu.V.Grafutin V.I.Green B.Grigoreva O.Gritzay O.O.Gromov K.Ya.Guo F.Q.Gurvich L.G.

151,1782981442832436216,17,92245158166401617662,27016917286

H-l-J

Hassan T.Hluboky N.Ibraeva E.T.Ibragimov J.D.Ibragimova E.M.

Igamkulov Z.A.Igamov S.B.Imambekov O.Imamkhodjaeva A.S.Imomnazarov Kh.Kh.Inagomov Kh.S.Inoyatov A.Kh.Irgaziev B.F.Isabekova G.S.Iskandarov N.E.Islamov A.Kh.

13124210417829,153,165,181,182,213,23310612,55,941042691303163,649251,52128178,227,228

Islamov T.A.Ismailov K.M.Ismatov Ye.I.Isupov A.Ju.Itkis M.G.Ivanov V.I.Ivashchenko A.Ivchenko V.A.Izosimov I.N.Jenkins MX.Jensen J.Joel M.Johnson E.Jomuradov D.Juraev F.I.Juraev Sh.Kh.

92,11651,6122,111,125,1341062510615715834341823016100117125,134

K

Kabulov A.A.KabulovA.B.Kabisova L.

148147,148236

Khudayberdieva F. 271Khudoiberdiev A.T. 276KhugaevA.V. 129

Alphabetical Index

335


Kadirov F.Kadirov U.S.Kadirova G.H.Kadirova M.Kagan L.Kalandarov B.S.Kalandarov K.S.Kalandarov Sh.Kalanov M.U.Kalanov S.KaldybaevaN.Sh.Kalinin Yu.G.Kalinnikov V.G.Kaltchenko 0.Kalykova G.K.Kamalova J.O.Kanokov Z.Kaplin V.V.Karahodjaev A.K.Karakhodzhaev A. A.Karimov M.Karimov Yu.M.Karimov Z.I.Karshiev D.A.Katayama Y.Katovsky K.Kawabata Y.Kayumov M.A.Kazakov S.V.Kazantsev S.I.Keller L.Kemper K.Kenzhin Ye.Kerko P.Khakimov Z.M.Khalikov U.A.Khalilov I.M.KhalilovR.A.Khamraeva R.N.Khamrakulov Kh.Khanna F.Khasanov F.Kh.Khatamov Sh.Kh.Khaydarov A.Khaydarov R.A.Khaydarov R.R.Khaydarov T.Khaydarova Kh.A.

336

252274268274,327131732045729,182,213,23328065,26326334,43,92,1166216622359,12137118,11951,52,94,261182,192,20333019510832435,4332451,52,723381,83411615824229,188,224313,321268179182,233,23579112719,2602889,320,326,327320,326,327235227

Khujaev S.Khujamqulova G.S.Khushmuradov Sh.Kikkarin S.M.Kim A.A.Kim G.Ch.KimH.J.Kirk M.A.Kist A.A.Klimova N.KoS.Koblik Yu.N.

Kochetov O.I.KoilykN.Kolesnik V.G.Kolesnikov V.V.Kolisnichenko O.V.Kolotyi V.Koltigin O.V.Kol'tsov G.I.Komilov J.M.Komissarova B.A.Konishi K.Konobeevski E.S.Kozgushko B.V.Kozlov A.V.Krassovitskiy P.M.Kreyssig A.Krivopustov M.I.Kryukov S.V.Kubo Sh.Kuchersky N.I.Kuchimov I.K.Kuhtina I.N.Kukayev H.Kulko A.Kulsartov T.Kumakhov M.A.Kumar V.Kumawat H.Kungurov F.R.Kurbanov A.M.Kurbanov A.O.Kurbanov B.I.Kurbanov F.F.Kuroda S.Kurpesheva A.M.

247,249,251,256120318166257,267,268,282,284178325349,252, 274,2906232450,81,83,129,130,270,313,32116186,871389221262241782521612545326115854,1864135,431142541023549204915876354374,278,280175203254,297207212314

Alphabetical Index


Khazratov T.Khidirov I.Kholbaev I.Kholmedov M.Khromushin I.V.Khudaybergenov U.Kh.Khudayberdiev Z.S.

280194,196,202,20567,692021849,257192

Kushnirenko A.E.Kushniruk V.F.Kuterbekov K.A.Kutliev U.O.Kuvandikov 0.Kuzmenko L.V.Kuznetsov I.V.

2434949173,20421319649

INP-50

Lebedev A.I.Lednicky R.LeeD.Lespukh E.E.Ligaev A.

1069917323317

Urn Y.J.Lobanov Yu.V.Logachev U.V.Lutpullaev S.L.L'vov A.I.

3252538,24138,109,131,132106

M

Mahraudov B.M.Mahmudov M.A.Makhkamov Sh.M.Makhmudov E.A.Makhmudov Sh.Maksimkin O.P.Mal'tsev A.A.Malakhov A.I.Malikov Sh.Mamaeva A.A.Mamajusopova M.Mamatkazina A.Kh.Mamatkulov O.B.Mamidzhanyan E.A.Mang H.Markelova E.A.Markov D.Martyanov I.S.Maslova M.V.Matysina Z.A.Mavlyanov I.R.McMorrow D.F.MedeuovaAJB.Mezentsev A.N.Mironov V.V.Mirsagatov Sh.A.Mirsagatova A.A.MirzaevB.B.

12218831,168,224290182162151,32110632619170,7124729124310247,25615765,263321482821811125326,327188,207244,264194,196

Mirzaev B.Sh.Mirzaeva N.Moltz D.M.Momotyuk A.Mordovskoy M.V.Moskaliuk S.Muhamedov A.K.Mukashev B.N.Mukashev K.M.Mukashev M.K.Mukhammedov S.M.Mukhamedshin A.Mukhamedshina N.M.Mukhamedzhanov A.M.Mukhtarov A.MukhtarovaN.N.Muminov A.I.Muminov A.T.Muminov I.T.Muminov M.I.Muminov T.Munasbayeva K.K.Murashev V.N.Mussaeva M.A.Mustafaeva S.N.Muzafarov A.M.Muzafarova S.A.Myasnikova L.

Alphabetical Index

26624917165310276,278,280,291,318166651429,287,288789,244,26488,92258194,196,202,20557,126,14474,76,79,27674,276,278,318153,16528018478165152252,253188,206,20720,214

^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006 ^pMPNP'2006 WP-50

N

Nadirbekov M.S.Nadzhafov A.I.Nagaia M.Nasirov A.K.Nasriddinov K.R.Navotny V.S.Nazyrov D.E.Negriyko A.M.Nesterov E.A.Nesterova N.M.Nie G.K.

124213324126,144128136171,208,20920124511489,90,91,94

Nishonov M.M.Nishonov Sh.Norbaeva Kh.Norboev K.N.Normurodov A.B.Nosov S.Novolodskaya O.A.Nurbaeva D.Nuritdinov I.Nuritdinov Kh.Nuzhda S.V.

12025626776,7922425465,142258175,178,227,22814,112196

Ochilov M. J.Oganessian Yu.Ts.Oksengendler B.L.Olimov A.K.Olimov K.Olimov Kh.K.

21025190,195,218132,14638,100,108,109,38,100,131,132,

131,132,163163

Orlov V.V.Orlova T.A.Osinskaya N.S.Osmanov B.S.Ospanova A.Ovchinnikov V.V.

322124260,274,28376,273148158

Padurets L.N.Pakhnits A.Palvanov S.R.Passel H.D.Pavluchenko V.P.Pavlyuchenko L.N.Pen'kov F.M.Penionzhkevich Yu.E.Perajarvi K.Perelygin V.P.Peterson R.J.Petrov V.I.Petrenko V.D.Piestrup M.A.Pikalov V.A.Pikul V.P.Piscal V.V.

20525470,713232431061864917735538,109,131,1323303724350,81,83114

Pishuk O.V.Pishuk V.K.Podkovirin A.I.Podlesnyak A.Pogrebnjak A.D.Pokrovsky N.S.Polenok V.Poluhina N.G.Polyansky V.V.Polyakov A.N.Popov Yu.Popova E.V.Potapenko A.Potashev S.I.Powell J.Pulatov D.D.Puri R.K.

196196,205330230,23227,212106157116106252541582425317984


<%$ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPW2006 INP-50

Radyuk G.A.RadyukR.I.Rahmonov B.S.Rajabov N.Z.Rajamand A.A.Rakhimov A. V.Rakhmanov A.Rakhmanov J.Rakhmanova T.Rakhmonov T.T.Ramankylov K.Rashidova D.Sh.Rasulov E.N.Rasulov S.K.Rasulova M.Yu.

72,261,32342,323711283052722589,168,271,27426013086,87318124293,295131

Razinkova T.L.Rikhsiev A.Z.RoederB.Rogachev G.V.Rogozyanov A.Romankov S.E.Ronnow H. M.Rosenbeum T. F.Ruban I.N.Rumi R.F.Rustamov I.R.Rustamova V.M.Ruzimov Sh.M.Ryasny G.K.Ryasnyanskii I.V.

40249,251,2561616,17157191181821879178182,23327,70,71,212161266

Saatov T.S.Sabitov M.S.Sadigov I.Sh.Sadikov I.I.Sadikova Z.O.SadykovT.Kh.Safarov A.A.Safarov A.N.

Safarova G.R.Safronov A.A.Safronov A.N.Sagdoldina Zh.Sagindykov Sh.Sh.Saidahmedov Kh.Saidov A.S.Sakhiev S.K.Salakhitdinova M.K.Salamatin A.V.Salikhbaev U.S.Salimov M.I.Salmanov F.T.Saltanova I.Saltykov L.S.Samatov Zh.K.Samedov O.A.Samoilov V.V.

283200,201,2232139,259,261,272,275259,27565,142,263276,278,31874,76,79,169,266,273,276,278,280,318171989819147,52178163472131619,42,76,79,313,321,323259,261,272,275213312261169171,213106

Shchepetov A.L.Shein I.V.Sheptyakov D.Shestakov V.Shevchenko S.V.Shilov AX.Shipilov N.N.Shiraishi K.Shirokovsky I.V.Shishkin S.V.ShukurovA.H.Shukurov B.V.Shulman T.S.Shunkeyev K.Shunkeyev S.Sidorin S.S.SHaev V.I.Silnyagina N.S.Skorodumov B.B.Skuridin V.S.Skvortsov V.V.Slusarenko L.I.Smirnov A.Smirnov V.S.Sobolev Yu.G.Sohoreva V.V.Sokol G.A.

Alphabetical Index

78,114,2432432301582612053303242528918828229919,20,214,21620,214,216106921621724576,79261157157,3224937106

339

<%$ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 . . PiP-50

Sandalov V.N.Sardarly R.M.Sargaskaev A.M.Sarmukhanov Y.Sato I.Satpayev N.K.Sattari A.Sattarov A.R.Sattarov G.S.Sattiev A.R.Saxena S.S.Schneider M.SchurD.V.Seitembetov A.M.Sergeev V.A.Serikbaev B.T.Sharipov Sh.Sharipova S.A.

153171,21351,5219,20,214,216254513051329,252,253168,2242134148,196,20551,525319687,124146

Soldatov A.P.Solnyshkin A.A.Solovjeva G.Sorokln A.A.Starkov N.I.Stavrov A.Stegailov V.I.Stepanets O.V.Stetsenko S.G.Strozhuk A.Suhonen J.Sulaymanov N.T.Suleymanov R.D.Sultanov M.S.Sultanova S.Kh.Sumaneev O.V.Svetlov-Prokop'evEP.Swihart M.T.

24325,34,35,43,92,95,1163171611161335,4333,315,317431573418876,79,26631194,20224340188

Tabacaru G.Tadzhibaeva D.Kh.Tahirova M.N.Takhtobin K.S.TakibaevN.Zh.Tandon Sh.Tang X.D.Tangabaev A.A.Tartakovsky V.K.Tashimov M.A.Tashimova F.A.Tashmetov M.Yu.Tashpulatov D.T.Tashpulatov S.M.Tazhibayeva I.Temiraliev A.T.Temiraliev T,Tereshatov E.E.Tereshchuk P.L.

16,1756257299548417278,2802226326131,230,232299219,221158110106289188

Tillaev T.S.Tivanova O.V.Toktaganov M.Tolstov A.Trache L.Travkina A.Tribble R.E.Trofimova T.P.Truhachev A.Tshay K.V.Tsoupko-Sitnikov V.M.Tsvyashchenko A.V.Tsyganov Yu.S.Turaev A.S.Turaeva N.Tursunmahatov K.Tursunov N.A.Turubarova L.G.Tushakov S.A.

9,3201622542371631716,17138254111,12535,431612531190,218121168,224162257


The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006JNP-50

uUbaev J.K.Uglov S.R.Ugryumov V.Yu.Ulugmurodov S.E.Umaraliev A.T.Umaralyev M.Umarova F.T.Umerov R.A.Ummatov Kh.D.Urinov Sh.S.

22,111,1253749138286254,297188257182,23331

Urinov Sh.S.Urusova E.V.Usarov A. A.Usarov Z.O.Usmanova MM.Utamuradova Sh.B.Utamuratov R.K.Utyonkov V.K.Uzakov Ya.M.

230,232138131249,251,2569172,174126,14425257

v-w-xValamova N.V.Valyaev A.N.Vasidov A.Vasil'chenko V.G.Vasileva V.S.Vassillev Yu.Velichkov A.I.Vildanova L.I.

24533,315,317260,320243323254161114

Vlasov S.I.Volya A.Vorona P.Voronin A. A.Vurim A.Westmeier W.Wiertel M.Xatamov D.O.

17417623725435,43161207

Yadgarov Kh.T.Yakushev V.P.Yamamoto M.Yantsen V.A.YaoZ.Yarkulov U.Ya.Yarmolik A.C.Yarmukhamedov R.

267,28472,2613242523421026412,55,56

Yaroshevich O.Yeremenko V.O.Yuldashbaev T.S.Yuldashev A.A.Yuldashev B.S.

Yusupov A.A.

2429614,11238,1319,38,42,50,76,108,131,32,138,178,313,321,323330213

Zaginaichenko S.Yu.Zaharko O.Zaidi Mohammed K.Zaitsevsky I.L.Zakharov A.F.Zaparov E.A.Zarifov R.A.

48,196,20541232614072,9451,52

Zhokhova S.I.Zholdasova S.M.Zholdybaev T.K.Zhotabaev Zh.R.Zhuk I.Zhuk L.I.Zhurinbayeva G.S.

Alphabetical Index

13612549184,3142429,29047

341


Zarubin P.I.Zastrozhnova N.N.Zaynobidinov.S.Z.Zazulin D.M.Zeynalova E.A.Zhautykov B.O.

10765,26311551,52,55,127171106

Zhusupov M.A.Zinov'ev V.G.Zinovev P.V.Zuev S.V.Zhuravlev A. A.

rw-5o

104165,259,261,272,27526753323


MPNP'2006

CONTENTS

m$$ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006

MPNP'20p«

CONTENTS

PLENARYREPORTS

Activation Analysis at the Institute of Nuclear Physicsof Uzbekistan Academy of SciencesAripov G.A., Bakiev S.A., Danilova E.A., Khaydarov R.A., Khatamov S.Kh.,Khudaybergenov U.Kh., Kist A.A., Mukhamedov S.M., MukhamedshinaN.M., Pulatov D.D., Rakhmanov J., Sadykov LI., Salikhbaev U.S., SattarovG.S., Tillaev T.S., Usmanova M.M., Yuldashev B.S., [Zhuk L.I.I 9

Category Analysis: from Biochemical Mechanics to AstrophysicsMang H., Moskaliuk S 10

Nuclear Physics in Mining Industryat Navoi Mining-Metallurgy Combine (NMMC)Kuchersky N.1 10

Proliferation Resistance Features in Nuclear Reactor DesignsGabaraev B.A., Cherepnin Yu.S 11

Hadrons in Nuclear MatterKhannaF 11

Asymptotic Normalization Coefficient (Nuclear Vertex Constant) and NuclearAstrophysics Problem (Review)Yarmukhamedov R., Artemov S.V., Burtebaev N., Igamov S.B 12

Modern Technical and Technological Solutions of Radiation Control to CombatIllicit Trafficking of Nuclear and Radioactive Materials across BordersFrvmire A., Kagan L., Stavrov A 13

The Spatial Characteristics Peculiarities in Gamma- FamiliesYuldashbaev T.S., Nuritdinov Kh 14

First Study of a Cluster Structure in the Mirror Light Nuclei UsingRadioactive Beams of I4C and 14OChang Bo Fu, Rogachev G.V., Goldberg V.Z.. Brown S., Green B.,Chubarian G., Johnson E., Roeder B., Kemper K., Momotyuk A.,Tabacaru G., Trache L., Tribble R.E 16

First Broad Energy Range Study of the 12N SpectroscopyUsing the n C Radioactive BeamChang Bo Fu, Chubarian G., Goldberg V.Z., Tabacaru G., Tang X.D.,Tribble R.E., Perajarvi K., Rogachev G.V., Guo F.Q., Lee D., Moltz D.M.,Powell J., Skorodumov B.B., Brown B.A.,VoIya A., Cerny J 17

345CONTENTS

< ^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MjPW"20(j6 INP-51

Quantum Phase Transition of a Model Magnet Coupled to a Nuclear Spin BathRonnow H. M., Jensen J., Aeppli G., Rosenbeum T. F., McMorrow D.F 18

The Effect of Interstitial Halogen Atoms Conversion intoSelf-Trapped Holes in Elastic Stressed Alkali Halide CrystalsShunkevev K., Sarmukhanov Y., Barmina A 19

The Influence of Low Temperature Stress on Non Irradiative DecayChannel of Self Trapped Excitons in Alkali Halide CrystalsShunkevev K., Sarmukhanov Y., Myasnikova L.,Kukayev H., Shunkeyev S 20

Elastic and Inelastic Scattering of Nucleons and Light Cluster Nuclei atIntermediate and High Energies within the Framework of Multiple ScatteringTheory (Review of the Theoretical Results and Experimental Data)Ismatov Ye., Tartakovskv V.K., Ubaev J.K 22

Idaho National Laboratory- A Nuclear Research CenterZaidi Mohammed K 23

Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy at Ganilde France G 24

Cross Section Measurements at INSHAS CyclotronComsanM. N.H 24

Superheavy Nuclei at DubnaOganessian Yu.Ts., Utyonkov V.K., Lobanov Yu.V., Abdullin F.Sh., PolyakovA.N., Shirokovsky I.V., Tsyganov Yu.S., Mezentsev A.N., Itkis M.G 25

Analysis of Low Lying Excited States in Even - Even Deformed NucleiGaristov V. P., Solnvshkin A.A 25

Modification of Material Properties and Coating DepositionUsing Plasma JetPogrebniakA.D., Rusimov Sh.M 27

Accelerator Based Nuclear Analytical Methods for Trace ElementStudies in Materials- Calcified TissuesChaudhri M. A 28

Secondary Neutron Production from Patients During Therapywith Bremsstrahlung and Hadrons: are there Potential Riskswith Hadrons; Especially C-Ions?Chaudhri M. A 28

346CONTENTS

<%£ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006

MPNP'2006 _ — ,. i - — .ffl?^

Formation of Nanoparticles and Nanostructures under Ionising IrradiationIbragimova E., Kalanov M.U., Khakimov Z 29

Radiation Sterilization of Some PharmaceuticalPreparations and Medical ProductsTashmetov M.Yu., Makhkamov Sh.M., Urinov Sh.S.,Turaev A.S., Sultanov M.S., Inagomov Kh. S 31

Estimation of Risks and Possible Ecological and Economic Damagesfrom Large-Scale Natural and Man-Induced Catastrophes inEcology-Hazard Regions of Central Asia and the CaucasusValvaev A.N., Kazakov S.V., Stepanets O.V 33

Structural Materials for Fusion ReactorsKirk M.A., Yao Z., Jenkins M.L 34

Beta-Decay Strength Measurement, Total Beta-Decay Energy Determination,Decay-Scheme Completeness Testing and Beta-Delayed Processes Study by TotalAbsorption y - Ray SpectroscopyIzosimovLN., Kalinnikov V.G., Solnyshkin A.A., Suhonen J 34

Interaction of Radioactive Nuclei 1291,237NP and 127I with the Secondary Neutronsfrom the Target-Blanket System "Energy + Transmutation" Irradiatedby 2.52 GeV DeuteronsAdam J., Katovsky K,, Krivopustov M.I., Kumar V., Solnyshkin A.A.,Stegailov V.I.. Tsoupko-Sitnikov V.M., Westmeier W 35

Parametric X-Rays Produced by Betatron Internal Beam inCrystalline and Periodic TargetsKaplin V.V., Uglov S.R., Bulaev O.F., Voronin A.A.,Piestrup M.A., Gary C.K 37

Observation of X-Rays Generated by RelativisticElectrons in a Flat WaveguideKaplin V.V., Sohoreva V.V., Uglov S. R., Bulaev O.F.,Voronin A.A., Piestrup M.A., Gary C.K 37

Recent Results on Investigation of 16Op Collisions at 3.25 A GeV/sOlimov K., Lutpullaev S.L., Olimov Kh.K., Petrov V.I.,Yuldashev A.A., Yuldashev B.S., Bazarov E.Kh 38

Positron Annihilation on Atoms of Space PlasmaGrafutin V.I., Svetlov-Prokop'ev E.P., Razinkova T.L., Zakharov A.F 40

Incommensurate Magnetic Modulations in the MagneticSuperconductor HoNi2B2CSchneider M., Allenspach P., Kreyssig A.,Zaharko O., Keller L., Canfield P.C 4 1

347CONTENTS

S§£> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006 c(pMPNF'2006 INP-50

Overview of Long-Term Observations of Radioactivityin the Area Around Institute of Nuclear Physicsof Academy of Sciences of Republics UzbekistanSalikhbaev U.S., Yuldashev B.S., Radvuk R.I. 42

Transmutation of 1291,237Np, 238Pu, 239Pu AND 241Am Using Neutrons Produced inTarget-Blanket System "Energy+Transmutation" by Relativistic ProtonsAdam J., Katovsky K., Balabekyan A., Kalinnikov V.G.,Krivopustov M.I., Kumawat H., Solnysfakin A.A., Stegailov V.I.,Stetsenko S.G., Tsoupko-Sitnikov V.M., Westmeier W 43

Section I "PHYSICS OF PARTICLES AND NUCLEI"

Cross Section of 6JLi(d,6'7Li)2H and 6Li(3He,d)7BeReactions at Energies of 5-15 MeV/NucleonBurtebaev N.T., Sakhiev S.K., Sagindvkov Sh.Sh.. Zhurinbayeva G.S 47

Investigation of Interaction Between the Bombarding Ionsand Surface Atoms of Ni-C AlloySchur D.V., Matvsina Z.A., Zaginaichenko S.Yu 48

Reaction Cross Section for the Interactionof 6He and 6Li with Silicon at 5- 40 MeV/NucleonZholdvbaev T.K., DIouhy Z., Kuznetsov I.V.,Kulko A., Kuhtina I.N., Kushniruk V.F., Kuterbekov K.A.,Penionzhkevich Yu.E., Sobolev Yu.G., Ugryumov V.Yu 49

Nuclear form in Scission Point at Different Kinetic EnergiesKoblik Yu.N., Pikul V.P., Yuldashev B.S 50

Study of the Elastic Deuteron Scattering on Boron IsotopesBaktybayev M.K., Burtebayev N., Burtebayeva Ju.T., Duisebayev B.A.,Dzhazairov-Kakhramanov V., Zazulin D.M., Zarifov R.A., Ismailov K.M.,Isabekova G.S., Satpayev N.K., Sargaskaev A.M., Seitembetov A.M.,ArtemovS.V., Bajajin A.G., KarakhodzhaevA.A., Kayumov M.A 51

Investigation of the Neutron Pick-up Reactionson 10"nB Nuclei at the Energy of 25 MeVArtemov S.V., Bajajin A.G., Karakhodzhaev A.A., Kayumov M.A.,Baktybayev M.K., Burtebayev N., Duisebayev B.A., Zazulin D.M.,Zarifov R.A., Isabekova G.S., Sagindykov Sh.Sh., Sargaskaev A.M.,Seitembetov A.M 52

348CONTENTS

•§£> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 IMP-SO

Determination of nn Scattering Length from Dataon nn Final State Interaction in orf-Breakup ReactionKonobeevski E.S., Mordovskoy M.V., Sergeev V.A.,Potashev S.I., Zuev S.V 53

Channeling Particles InteractionKrassovitskiy P.M., Takibaev N.Zh 54

Asymptotic Normalization Coefficient for 12C+P-»13N andthe Astrophysical S-Factor of the 12C(P,y)13N Reaction at Stellar EnergiesBurtebaev N., Igamov S.B., Peterson R.J.,Yarmukhamedov R., Zazulin D 55

Influence of the Coulomb Vertex Effects on Peripheral Partial Wave Amplitudes inthe Mechanism of Successive Two-Proton Transfer in the Peripheral NuclearA(X,Y)B Reaction Induced by Weakly Bound Light Nuclei at Low EnergiesBlokhintsev L.D., Tadzhibaeva D.Kh., Yarmukhamedov R 56

Non-Markovian Dynamics of Open Quantum Systemin the Case of Non-Stationary CouplingKalandarov Sh., Adamyan G.G., Muminov A.1 57

Non-Markovian Langevin Equations for Two- Level SystemsKanokovZ 59

Influence of External Magnetic and Electric Fieldson the Dynamics of Open Quantum SystemsAbdurakhmanov I. B., Kanokov Z. 59

Double-Differential Cross-Sectionsof 56Fe(p,xp), (p,xa) Reactions on 29.9 MeV protonsDuisebayev A., Ismailov K. 61

Total Neutron Cross Section for Natural Carbon in the EnergyRange 2 -148 keVGritzav P., Kolotyi V., Klimova N., Kaltchenko O.,Gnidak M., Vorona P 62

First Experimental Investigation of the KLL Auger Spectrum of Neon fromRadioactive Decay of 22NaInoyatov A.Kh 63

Effect of Oxidation Degree of Manganese on ^Z^Z^ZJ^-Auger Spectrum of 5 4 Ofrom£C-Decayof54M«Inoyatov A.Kh 64

349CONTENTS

^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 CVP-SO

Definition of the Hadron Contribution of the Componentin Events with HaloBabaev M.K., Baygubekov A.S., Kaldybaeva N.Sh., Martyanov I.S.,Mukashev K.M., Novolodskaya O.A., Sadykov T.Kh., Zastrozhnova N.N 65

Determination of Implantation's Doses of Low Energy Ionswith Atomic Number Z>14 Using PIXE-SpectrometryKholbaevI 67

Determination of Thickness of Homogenous Surfaces- Elementswith Atomic Number Z>14 Using PIXE-SpectrometryKholbaevI 69

Photoexcitation of Isomeric States in (y,n) Reaction on 196;198Hg Nucleiin the Range 10-35 MeVPalvanov S.R., Ruzimov Sh.M., Mamajusopova M 70

Isomeric Yield of the (y,p) Reaction on 149Sm NucleiPalvanov S.R., Ruzimov Sh. M., Mamajusopova M., Rahmonov B.S 71

Expansion of Opportunities of the NERD-Method for Definitionof Contents and Concentration Profiles of Hydrogen in Materialsby Using the Monte Carlo SimulationArtemov S.V., Kayumov M.A., Radyuk G.A., Yakushev V.P., Zaparov E.A 72

Fission - Track Age of the Marjalahti PallasiteBondar Yu. V., [Perelygin V.P.1 73

Fallouts Variations of Cosmogenic 7Be, Precipitationand Solar Activity (2004-2005, Samarkand)Kun2urov F.R., Muminov A.T., Muminov I.T., Safarov A.N 74

Structure of Angular Distrubution of Electron BremsstrahlungBeam Formed by Slit CollimatorAliev M.K., Alimov G.R., Kumakhov M.A., Muminov A.T., Norboev K.,Osmanov B.S., Salikhbaev U.S., Safarov A.N., Skvortsov V.V.,Suleymanov R.D., Yuldashev B.S 76

Silicon Detectors with Internal AmplificationBased on Functionally Integrated StructuresKol'tsov G.I., Chubenko A.P., Mukhamedshin A.,Murashev V.N., Shchepetov A.L. 78

350CONTENTS

•£>$• The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006 ^MPNP'2006 nVP-50

Angular Transformation of Electron Bremsstrahlung Spectra from Slit CollimatorAliev G.Sh., Khatnrakulov Kh., Muminov A.T., Norboev K.N., Rumi R.F.,Salikhbaev U.S., Skvortsov V.V., Safarov A.N., Sulevmanov R.D. 79

Precision System of High Voltage Stabilization of Mass-SpectrometerKazantsev S.I., Koblik Yu.N., Pikul V.P 81

Precision System of the Magnetic Field Stabilization of Mass-SpectrometerKazantsev S.I., Koblik Yu.N., Pikul V.P 83

Enhancement of Fusion Probabilities for Neutron -Rich Colliding NucleiUsing Different ModelsTandon Sh., Dhiman N., Puri R.K 84

Fermion Dynamical Symmetry Model of Nuclei and its Asymptotic LimitsBaktybayevK 85

Comparison of Interacting Boson-Fermion Modelwith Spin-Dependent Generalized Collective Model for the J=3/2Baktvbaev K., Koilyk N., Ramankvlov K 86

On the y - Soft Limit in the SOg Symmetry of FermionDynamical Symmetry ModelBaktvbavev K., Koilyk N., Ramankulov K 8 7

Collective-Single-Particle Excited States of Deformed ODD 155Eu and !69TmNuclei with Small TriaxialitySharipov Sh., Ermamatov M.J., Bayimbetova J.K 87

Anomalous Asymptotics of Nuclear Wave Functionswith Account of the Coulomb InteractionBlokhintsev L.D., Mukhamedzhanov A.M 88

Alpha-Cluster Model of Nuclear StructureNieG.K 89

Asymptotic Normalization Coefficients of Bindings 3t—> d + n and 3He —* d + pNie G.K., Artemov S.V 90

Neutron and Proton Asymptotic Coefficients for Symmetric and Mirror NucleiNie G.K., Artemov S.V 91

351CONTENTS


New EO-Transitions Between O+-States in 160DyBogachenko D.D., Egorov O.K., Islamov T.A.,Kalinnikov V.G, Kolesnikov V.V., Silaev V.I., Solnysh kin A.A. 92

Wide Resonance States in 15F NucleusIrgaziev B.F., Goldberg V.Z., Mukhamedzhanov A.M 92

Asymptotic Normalization Coefficients for the States of Nucleus 14N andAstrophysical S-Factors for the 13C(p,y)14N ReactionArtemov S.V., Bajajin A.G., Igamov S., Karakhodzhaev A.A.,Nie G.K., Zaparov E.A 94

IVBM Analysis of 162Dy Rotational BandsSolnvshkin A.A., GaristovV.P 95

On the Determination of the Vertex Constants andAsymptotic Normalization CoefficientsBlokhintsev L.D.. Yeremenko V.0 96

Analytic Approach to the Relativistic Problem of Constructing Effective Nucleon-Nucleon and Pion-Nucleon Interaction Operators at Low and Intermediate EnergiesSafronov A.N., Safronov A.A 98

Correlation Femtoscopy of Heavy Ion CollisionsLednickyR 99

Formation of the Protons in CTA-Collisions at 4.2 A GeV/sBekmirzaev R.N., Olimov Kh. K., Olimov K., Jomuradov D 100

Twist -4 Distribution Amplitudes of Pionsand their Impact on Some Exclusive ProcessesAgaevS.S 102

Search for Time-Reversal Violation in Kaon DecaysDepommier P 103

Role of the 9Be Nucleus Structure in Proton and rc-meson ScatteringIbraeva E.T., Zhusupov M.A., Imambekov 0 104

Eta-Mesic Nuclei Formation in dA-Collisions at the Nuclotron.(First Results of the Experimental Study)Artemov A.S., Afanasiev S.V., Bekmirzaev R.N., Dryablov D.K.,Igamkulov Z.A., Ivanov V.I., Isupov A.Ju., Malakhov A.I., Lebedev A.I.,L'vov A.I., Pavlyuchenko L.N., Polyansky V.V., Sidorin S.S., Sokol G.A 106

352CONTENTS

$§? The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 _ INP-51

Cross Section of pp - Annihilation at 32 GeV/sBoos E.G., Temiraliev T., Samoilov V.V., Pokrovsky N.S., Zhautykov B.0 1 0 6

Clustering in Peripheral Fragmentation of Light RelativisticNuclei in Nuclear Track EmulsionZarubinP.1 107

Inclusive Production of Deuterons in 16Op-Interactions at 3.25 A GeV/sBazarov E.Kh., Olimov K., Karshiev D.A., Yuldashev B.S 108

Formation of Proton-Fragments in Hadron-Nucleusand Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions at High EnergiesBazarov E.Kh., Olimov K., Petrov V.I., Lutpullaev S.L 109

Production and Recombination of GluonsTemiraliev A.T 110

Solution of the Unitarily Condition of Amplitude of Elastic andInelastic Scattering at High EnergiesIsmatovE.I.,Tshay K.V., Medeuova A.B., Ubaev J.K I l l

Primary Cosmic Rays Nuclear Composition above 10 PeVYuldashbaev T.S., Nuritdinov Kh 112

Observation of the Huge Neutron Bursts in Tien-Shan Neutron Supermonitorin the Cores of Extensive Air Showers with Energy above 3 PeVShepetov A.L., Antonova V.P., Chubenko A.P., Kryukov S.V.,Nesterova N.M.. Piscal V.V.. Vildanova L.I 114

Nuclear-Physical Data Editing and AnalysisAbdurakhimov A.U, Zaynobidinov.S.Z. 115

L23 Intensity Internal Conversion Lines from 161Ho Transitionwith E r= 148.16 keVEgorov O.K., Islamov T.A., Kalinnikov V.G., Poluhina N.G.,Solnyshkin A.A., Starkov N.I 116

Compton Scattering at Finite Temperature: Thermal Field Dynamics ApproachJuraevF.1 117

Low Energy Electromagnetic Transitions in 167Yb NucleusKarahodjaev A.K 118

Gamma- Transitions from !67Yb 178.88 keV LevelKarakhodjaev A.K 119

353CONTENTS

•^> The Sixth Internationa] Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNT"2q0i y

Separable Representation of the Improved aN PotentialKhujamqulova G.S., Nishonov M.M 120

A Stochastic Description of Deformed NucleiKanokov Z., Tursunmahatov K 121

Variations of Galactic Cosmic RaysAlimov T.A., Mahmudov B.M 122

Energy of Levels of Collective States of Even-Even Nucleiwith Quadrupole and Octupole DeformationsSharipov Sh., Nadirbekov M.S 124

Nuclear Spin States and Quantum Logical OperationsOrlova T.A., Rasulov E.N 124

Elastic Diffraction Interactions of Hadrons at High EnergiesIsmatov E.I., Tshay K.V., Zholdasova S.M., Djuraev Sh.Kh.,Ubaev J.K., Essaniazov Sh.P 125

Quasifission Role in the Anisotropy of FragmentAngular Distribution of 19F+208Pb ReactionMuminov A.I., Nasirov A.K., Utamuratov R.K 126

Scattering of Protons from 12CZazulin D.M., Burminskii V.P., Burtebayev N., Dzazairov-Kakhramanov V 127

^ ~ Meson Decays in the Chiral ModelNasriddinov K.R., Rajabov N.Z., Iskandarov N.E 1 2 8

To Analysis of Earth Magnetic Field Variationsand their Correlations with Seismic EventsKhugaevA.V.,KoblikYu.N 129

Numerical Solutions of Unstable Direct and Inverse Dynamic ProblemsRakhmonov T.T., Imomnazarov Kli.Kh., Koblik Yu.N 130

Solution of BBGKY's Chain of Kinetic Equationsthrough the Wiegner EquationRasulova M.Yu., Hassan T 131

Singularities of Production of the Light Fragments with A=2and 3 in 16Op-Interactions at 3.25 A GeV/sOliraov K., Lutpullaev S.L., Olimov Kh.K., Petrov V.I.,Yuldashev A.A., Yuldashev B.S., Usarov A.A 131

354CONTENTS

^ The Sixth Internationa] Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 INP-50

Production of Cumulative Protons in Hadron- andNucleus-Nucleus Interactions at High EnergiesOlimov K., Olimov Kh.K., Petrov V.I., Olimov A.K., LutpuIIaev S.L.,Bekmirzaev R.N., Sattarov A.R., Yuldashev B.S 132

Electron Scattering Studies by Means of Various Nuclear ModelsEsaniazov Sh., Djuraev Sh., Ismatov Ye 134

"Effective" Rapidity Stopping in Au+Em Interactions at 10.6 AGeVAbdurakhmanov U.U., Navotny V.S., Zhokhova S.I 136

Continuous Confinement of EnergyKolesnik V.G., Yuldashev B.S., Urusova E.V.,Ulugmurodov S.E., Basova E.S., Trofimova T.P 138

On Aging of the CSP and CSX CountersArtikovA 139

Design and Construction of New Muon Scintillation Counters for CDF IIArtikovA 140

"Miniskirt" Counter Array at CDF IIArtikovA 141

Some Characteristics of Leading Neutral PionsBabaev M.K., Baigubekov A.S., Mukashev M.K., Novolodskaya O.A.,SadykovT.Kh 142

Role of the Orbital Angular Momentum in Dynamics of Heavy Ion CollisionsNasirov A.K., Giardina G.G., Muminov A.I., Utamuratov R.K 144

Production of A-Isobars in Hadron-Nucleonand Hadron-Nucleus CollisionsSharipova S.A., Olimov A.K 146

Correlation of Vibrational and Clustering Statesin Spherical and Weak Deformational Heavy NucleiBaimbetova G., Kabulov A.B. 147

Correlation of Rotational and Clustering States in Deformational ActinidesBaimbetova G., Kabulov A.A., Kabulov A.B., Ospanova A 148

355CONTENTS

^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 tNP-50

Section II "RADIATIONPHYSICS OF CONDENSED MATTER"

Development and Research of Methods and Systems for Infra-Red SynchrotronDiagnostics of High-Speed Processes in Beams of Electrons and ProtonsMaI'tsevA.A 151

Optical Loss Estimation of the Irradiated Fibresby Measuring their Own LuminescenceAbdurakhmanov B.S., Gasanov E.M 151

X-Ray Dosimetric Properties of TlGaS2<Cr> Single CrystalsMustafaeva S.N 152

Definition of Dosimetric Characteristics of Radiationby Means of Quasiadiabatic CalorimeterIbragimova E.M., Muminov M.I., Sandalov V.N 153

Model of Radiation-Induced Evolution of Dielectric Crystal Structureunder Reactor IrradiationAbdukadirova I.Kh 155

Change of WWER-440 Fuel Rod GeometryUnder Operation Up to 65 MWday/kgU Fuel BurnupIvashchenko A., Markov D., Rogozyanov A., Polenok V.,Smirnov A., Smirnov V 157

Results of Post-Irradiation Examination of WWER Fuel Assembly StructuralComponents Made of El 10 and E635 AlloysPolenok V., Smirnov A., Markov D., Smirnov V.,Ivashchenko A., Strozhuk A 157

Studies of Hydrogen Isotopes Permeation through Stainless Steel SS316IGKulsartov T., Shestakov V., Afanasyev S., Chikhray Y., Kenzhin Ye.,Gordiyenko Y., Barsukov N., Tazhibayeva 1 158

Atomic Structure of Radiation Damage in FCC-Metals afterDifferent Types of IrradiationIvchenko V.A.. Popova E.V.. Kozlov A.V., Ovchinnikov V.V 158

Swelling of Stainless Steel of BN-350 ReactorAzraliev A.B., Ganeev G.Z 160

Electric Field Gradient at m Cd in the Samplesof RAI3 Synthesized at High PressureBudzynski M., Velichkov A.I., Wiertel M., Komissarova B.A.,Kochetov O.I., Ryasny G.K., Sorokin A.A., Salamatin A.V.,Fomicheva L.N., Tsvyashchenko A.V 161

356CONTENTS

<§§}• The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuc lea r Phys ics" , September 19 -22 ,2006MPNP'2006 ? ^

Heterogeneity of Structure and Properties of 12Crl8NilOTi and 08Crl6NillMo3Stainless Steels Irradiated Up to High Damaging Doses in Reactor BN-350Maksimkin O.P., Tivanova O.V., Turubarova L.G.,Silnyagina N.S., Doronina T.A 162

Influence of Neutron Irradiation on the Heat-Conductivityand Micro-Hardness of Aluminum Alloys CAB-1 and AMG-2Olimov K., Saidov A.S., Olimov Kh.K., Baytelesov S. 163

Dosimetry of Mixed Gamma - Neutron Fluxes in the Active Zone of WorkingReactor and Gamma-Flux after QuenchingMussaeva M.A., Zinov'ev V., Ibragimova E.M., Muminov M.I.. 165

Photoluminescence of Irradiated Nanoporous SiliconKalykova G.K., Gorelkinskii Yu.V., AbduUin Kh.A., Kikkarin S.M.,Mukashev B.N 166

Investigation of Diffusion of Palladium in Neutron-Transmutated SiliconMakhkamov Sh., Tursunov N.A., Sattiev A.R., Rakhmanov J 168

Software for the On-Off-Line A-A-T-Coincidence Experiment with UseSemiconductor Detector of Nuclear RadiationSamatov Zh.K., Fominyh V.I., Gromov K.Ya., Safarov A.N 169

Influence of Gamma Irradiation on Electric and DielectricProperties of TlGaTe2 CrystalsSardarlv R.M., Samedov O.A., Abdullayev A.P., Zeynalova E.A.,SafarovaG.R 171

Influence of Rare Earth Elements on Radiation Defect Formation in SiliconNazyrovD.E 171

Features of Thermal and Radioaction Defect Formation inSilicon Doped with HolmiumDaliev H.S., Utamurodova Sh., Atabaev T.Sh 172

Computer Simulation of Ne+ and Ar + Ions Scatteringfrom the Defect Surfaces at Grazing IncidenceDzhurakhalov A.A., Kutliev U.O., Kaiandarov B.S 173

Effect of y- Irradiation on the Behaviour of Silicon Doped with HafniumUtamuradova Sh.B., Daliev Kh.S., Vlasov S.I., Daliev Sh.Kh 174

Self-Trapped Electronic Excitation and Generationof Colour Centres in Gd-iG&sOn CrystalsKurbanov A.M., Nuritdinov L, Gapparov A.U 175

357CONTENTS

<2gj> The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006 ^ - t PMPNP'MHM _

Influence of y-Irradiation on Dielectric Relaxation of ThermoplasticComposition on the Recycled Polypropylene BasesFazilova Z., Gafurov U., Grigoreva O., Bardash L 176

On the Nature of Capture Centers in Irradiated Ceramics SK-1Ashurov M.Kh., Gasanov E.M., Kim G.Ch., Nuritdinov I.,Saidahmedov Kh 178

Influence of Preliminary Reactor Irradiation on DefectFormation in Quartz Fibers under 7- Ray ActivityAshurov M.Kh., Bavdianov M.I., Gasanov E.M., Ibragimov J.D., IslamovA.Kh., Nuritdinov L, Rustamov I.R., Yuldashev B.S 178

Influence of Ionizing Radiation on Optical Hardnessof Transparent Dielectrics to Action of Huge Intensity Laser LightBedilov M.R, Khalilov R.A 179

Intensification of Electroluminescence of ZnSe(Te,O) Crystalsafter Gamma-IrradiationElmurotova D.B., Ibragimova E.M 181

Investigation of Influence of Co60 y- Quant to RecombinationProperties of Copper Doped SiliconMakhmudov Sh., Karimov M 182

Orientation of Quartz Nanocrystallites in the Silicon LatticeKalanov M.U., Ummatov Kh.D., Ibragimova E.M., Khamraeva R.N.,Rustamova V.M 182

Study of Gas-Solid Exchange Processes in High-Temperature Proton ConductorsAksenova T.I., Khromushin I. V., Munasbayeva K.K., Zhotabaev Zh.R 184

Resonance Diffusion of Compound ParticlesKrassovitskiv P.M., Pen'kov F.M 186

Research of nCdS/pCdTe Heteroborder StructuresMuzafarova S.A., Mirsagatov Sh.A., Mahmudov M.A, Shukurov A.H 188

Energetically Competitive Patterns of Silicon Clusters GrowthTereshchuk P.L., Khakimov Z.M., Sulaymanov N.T.,Umarova F.T., Swihart M.T 188

Quantum Theory of Point Mutation Formation Mechanism in DNAOksengendler B.L., Turaeva N 190

Structural Formation of Aluminide Phases on Titanium Alloy During AnnealingMamaeva A.A., Romankov S.E., Sagdoldina Zh 191

358CONTENTS

qf$ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 1NP-50

Possibility of Metal- Insulator Transitions in Hole-Doped Cuprates Induced byStrong Electron Correlation, Disorder and Extrinsic Carrier Self- TrappingDzhumanov S., Karimov M., Khudayberdiev Z.S 192

Strong Coupling of Large Polarons and Bipolaronsin Oxide High Temperature SuperconductorsDushanov E., Dzhumanov S 193

Neutron Diffraction Study of Temperature Dependence ofAtom Distribution in Cubic Zirconium CarbohydridesKhidirov I.. Sultanova S.Kh., Mukhtarova N.N., Mirzaev B.B 194

Degradation Mechanism in HTS La2-x Srx CUO4 - CeramicsKarimov ZJL Oksengendler B.L 195

Neutron Diffraction Study of Phase Relationship in Ti-C-H SystemKhidirov I., Mukhtarova N.N., Mirzaev B.B., Serikbaev B.T.,Zaginaichenko S.Yu., Schur D.V., Fishuk V.K., Kuzmenko L.V.,Garbuz V.V., Nuzhda S.V., Pishuk O.V 196

Radiation Effects on Vibration Spectra of SilicaAbdukadirova I.Kh 198

Radiation Changed Electrical Properties of the Vitreous Dielectric MaterialsAbdukadirova I.Kh 199

Influence of Crystal Target on the Characteristics of Ions in Laser - PlasmaBedilov M.R., Bevsembaeva H.B., Sabitov M.S 200

Experimental Installation for Investigation of Solid-StateLasers Performance Efficiency under Active Irradiation ModeBrodin M.S., Bedilov M.R., Beysembaeva H.B., Negriyko A.M.,Sabitov M.S 201

Neutron Diffraction Study of Tetragonal e-Ti2N1.x-Ph.aseKhidirov I , Mukhtarova N. N., Sultanova S. Kh., Kholmedov M 202

Influence of y- Radiation on the RecombinationProperties of p-Type Nickel Doped SiliconKurbanov A.O., Karimov M 203

Emission of Water Clusters: Molecular Dynamic SimulationKutliev U.O., Kalandarov K.S 204

Neutron Diffraction Study of TiN0.40H0.19D0.19 Solid SolutionKhidirov I., Mukhtarova N.N., Padurets L.N., Shilov A.L.,Zaginaichenko S.Yu., Schur D.V., Pishuk V.K 205

359CONTENTS

<^> The Sixth International Conference "Modem Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 INP-50

Electrophysical Properties of nCdS/pCdTe Hetero SystemMuzafarova S.A 206

Examination of the Contaminant Composition and the Chemical State of CadmiumTelluride (CdTe) Layers on Molybdenum Backing Synthesized from the SteamPhase by Applying the Method of Electronic AUGE SpectroscopyAliev A., Mirsagatov Sh., Muzafarova S.A., Abduvayitov A., Kurbanov F.F,KhatamovD.0 207

Influence of Pretreatment Temperature Cycling on the RadiatingDefect Formation in Silicon Doped by SamariumAbdurakhmanov K.P.. Nazvrov D.E 208

Influence of the Type Radiation on Properties of Silicon Doped by ErbiumNazyrovD.E 209

Braking of Ions of Boron and Nitrogen in Silicon and Silicon CarbideYarkulov U.Ya., Eshbekov A.A., Ochilov M. J. 210

Structure and Properties of the Combined Protective Coatingson the Basis of Nickel Deposited Substrates of SteelRuzimov Sh.M., Pogrebnjak A.D., Kuroda S., Alonseva D.L.,Kolisnichenko O.V 212

Magnetic Properties of Intermetallic CeAgSb2 CompoundUpon Gamma-IrradiationSaxena S.S., Ibragimova E.M., Kalanov M.U., Yusupov A.A., Kuvandikov O.,Salakhitdinova M.K. 213

Hopping Conductivity on Relaxor Ferroelectrics TlInS2<V> ExposedGamma IrradiationSardarly R.M., Samedov O.A., Sadigov I.Sh.,Nadzhafov A.I., Salmanov F.T., Aslanov I.I 213

Influence of Low Temperature Stress on Configurationof Self Trapped Excitons in Alkali Halide CrystalsShunkeyev K., Sarmukhanov Y., Barmina A., Myasnikova L., Shunkeyev S 214

Peculiarities of Stabilization of Interstitial Halogen Atomsin Elastic Stressed Alkali Halide CrystalsShunkevev K., Sarmukhanov Y., Barmina A., Shunkeyev S., Bizhanova K 216

Self-Compensation Mechanism of Chemical Bond Destruction in PolymersOksengendler B.L.. Turaeva N., Ruban I.N 218

360CONTENTS

< ^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 _ ^ _ _ _ INP-50

Spectra and Bound States of the Energy Operator of Two-MagnonSystems in Non-Heisenberg Ferromagnet with Arbitrary Spin Valuesand Nearest-Neighbor InteractionsTashpulatov S.M 219

On Essential and Discrete Spectrum of the Energy Operatorof Two-Magnon Systems in the Three-Dimensional Isotropic FerromagneticImpurity Non-Heisenberg Model with Nearest-Neighbor InteractionsTashpulatov S.M 221

Features of Produced Flows of Multiply Charged Ions at Interaction of LaserRadiation with Single -Component Solid StatesBedilov M.R., Bedilov R.M.. Beysembaeva H.B., Sabitov M.S.,KamalovaJ.0 223

Development of Method of Homogeneous Doping of Silicon by Silver and ZincMakhkamov Sh., Tursunov N.A., Khakimov Z.M.,Ashurov M., Sattiev A.R., Normurodov A.B 224

Influence of y-Irradiation on Dielectric Permittivity of RecycledPolypropylene and its Thermoplastic CompositesFazilova Z., Gafurov U. 225

Radiation-Stimulated Phenomena in Quartz Glass Irradiatedby Gamma- Rays and NeutronsNuritdinov I., Islamov A.Kh., Amonov M.Z., Khaydarova Kh. A 227

Comparative Study of Radiation-Induced Optical Behaviorof Quartz Glasses and Sapphire CrystalsNuritdinov I., Islamov A.Kh., Amonov M.Z., Boboyerova S.G 228

Quantum Critical Points and their Role in High-Tc Superconductivity,Stripe and Pseudogap Formation in Hole-Doped CupratesDzhumanov S 229

Study of Structure and Heat Capacity in MulticomponentTitanium Carbides at Low-TemperaturesTashmetov M.Yu.. Urinov Sh.S., Sheptyakov D.,Joel M., Podlesnyak A., Furrer A 230

Low-Temperature Properties of the Titanium Carbide and Niobium OxycarbideTashmetov M.Yu.. Urinov Sh.S., Podlesnvak A 232

Temperature Effect on Phase States of Quartz Nano-Crystalsin Silicon Single CrystalKalanov M.U., Ummatov Kh.D., Ibragimova E.M.,Khamraeva R.N., Rustamova V.M 233

361CONTENTS

<Z§? The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", S eptember 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006 INP-SO

Martensite Transformation Kinetics in HTSC - CeramicsKhaydarov T., Khamraeva R. N., Kuchimov I. K 235

Influence of Gamma Irradiation on Surface and Volume Resistivity ofThermoplastic Composites on Recycled High Density Polyethylene BasesKabisova L, Gafurov U 236

Influence of Gamma and E-Beam Irradiation on Microhardnessof Recycled Polyolefin-Rubber CompositesAtabaev B.C. Gafurov U.G., Fainleib A.M., Tolstov A 237

Section III "NUCLEAR APPLICA TIONS "

Review of Technological Elaborations in Innovation Activityin Institute of Atomic EnergyLogachev U.V.. Koltigin O.V 241

Spectrometric Control of Radionuclides Production ParametersZhuk I., Potapenko A., Yaroshevich O., Hluboky N., Kerko P.,Bogdanov V., Dyatel N 242

New Neutron Counters with High Time Resolution Based on Boron ContainingPlastic ScintillatorChubenko A.P., Britvich G.I., Vasil'chenko V.G., Gilitskiy Yu.V.,Kushnirenko A.E., Pikalov V.A., Mamidzhanyan E.A.,Pavluchenko V.P., Soldatov A.P., Sumaneev O.V.,Chernichenko S.K., Shein I.V., Shchepetov A.L 243

Application X-Ray Radiometric Method and Instrumental NeutronActivation Analysis for Mo- and W- containing MaterialsMukhamedshina N.M., Mirsagatova A.A 244

Influence of Stable Molybdenum on Elution Behavior of 99mTc GeneratorsSkuridin V.S.. Chibisov E.V., Nesterov E.A.,Golovkov V.M., Valamova N.V 245

Conditions for Titanium- Molybdat Sorbent SynthesisKhuiaev S., Markelova E.A., Mamatkazina A.Kh 247

Administering of 125I Preparation from Blood of Tortoiseinto Organs of Rats with Experimental Ovarin CarcinomaAlexandrov V.V 248

Crown Ethers as Extractant for StrontiumUsarov Z.O., Khujaev S., Mirzaeva N., Abdusalyamov N.N.,Abdukaymov M.N., Rikhsiev A.Z 249

362CONTENTS

fy.The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006

MPW2006 me-so

Obtaining of Cadmium-109 Radionuclide by Extraction-Chromatographic MethodAbdukayumov M.N. Khujaev S., Rikhsiev A.Z.,Abdusalyamov N.N., Usarov Z.O. 251

Determination of Gold in Lump by the Gamma-Activation AnalysisYantsen V.A., Ermakov K.S 252

Operative and Informative Nuclear-Physical Methods for Analysis of Mineral RawMaterials and Control of Technological ProcessSattarov G.S., Muzafarov A.M., Komilov J.M., Kadirov F., Kist A.A 252

Uranium Isotopes Radioactive Equilibrium CoefficientViolation Mechanism StudiesSattarov G.S., Muzafarov A.M 253

Determination of the Contents of Nitrogen andSome other Light Elements by Prompt Gamma Activation AnalysisAripov G.A., Kurbanov B.I., Allamuratova G., Umaralyev M 254

An Experimental Study Using IGR for Fast Reactor Safety - Measurement ofImpurity-Gas Amount in the WWER-1000 Type FuelVassillev Yu., Vurim A., Pakhnits A., Kubo Sh., Truhachev A., Aleinikov Yu.,Popov Yu., Toktaganov M., Nosov S., Sato I., Konishi K 254

Extraction of 153Sm by Organic ReagentsKhujaev S., Nishonov Sh., Markelova E.A., Usarov Z.O., Rikhsiev A.Z.,Abdukayumov M.N., Abdusalyamov N.N 256

Development of Technology for Producing Nickel-GalliumCyclotron Targets by Galvanic MethodsUmerov R.A., Kim A.A., Tushakov S.A., Djuraeva G.T.,Khudaybergenov U., Tahirova M.N., Uzakov Ya.M 257

Radiochemical Separation of Cadmium-109Egamediev S., Mukhtarov A., Nurbaeva D., Rakhmanov A 258

Evaluation of Neutron Flux in the WWR-SM Reactor Channeland in the Irradiating Zone of U-150 CyclotronSadikov I I , Zinov'ev V.G., Sadikova Z.O., Salimov M.1 259

Neutron Activation Analysis of the Prehistoric and Ancient Bone RemainsVasidov A., Osinskaya N.S., Khatamov Sh., Rakhmanova T.,Akhmadshaev A.Sh 260

363CONTENTS

<2§? The Sixth International Conference "Modem Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2004 INP-50

Radiochemical Neutron Activation Analysis based Multi-ElementalAnalysis of High Purity GalliumTashimova F.A., Sadikov LI., Salimov M.I., Zinov'ev V.G 261

Modernized Spectrometer for the Hydrogen Contents Analysis in SamplesArtemov S.V., Abdullaeva Ya.S., Karakhodzhaev A.A., RadvukG.A.,Yakushev V.P., Zaitsevsky I.L., Kozgushko B.V., Shevchenko S.V.,Saltykov L.S., Slusarenko L.I

261Noise Properties of the Preamplifier on the Basis of Transresistance AmplifierBabaev M.K., Baygubekov A.S., Kaldybaeva N.Sh., Kalinin Yu.G.,Martyanov I.S., Tashimov M.A., Sadykov T.Kh., Zastrozhnova N.N 263

Application of X-Ray Fluorescence and Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysisat Processing of Different Mo- and W- WasteMirsagatova A. A., Mukhamedshina N.M., Yarmolik A.C 264

Bacterial Effect of Accelerated Electrons on Several PathogenesButaev M.K., Bulkhanov R.U., Safarov A.N., Ryasnyanskii I.V.,Mirzaev B.Sh., Suleymanov R.D 266

Search and Studying of Salt Resisting Bacteria-Destructors of OrganochlorinePesticides with Help of Tritium Labeled PCBsKim A.A., Djumaniyazova G.L, Djuraeva G.T., Dadakhanov J.A.,Yadgarov Kh.T., Zinovev P.V., Norbaeva Kh 267

Research of Properties of Active Nitrogen Fixing Strains of Cyanobacteria-Destructors of Pesticides with Use of Tritium Labeled Polychlorinated BiphenylsKim A.A., Kadirova G.H., Djuraeva G.T., Dadakhanov J.A.,Khalilov I.M., Djabarova O.I 268

Radioautographic Test for Genetic Cotton Transformationby pCaVItoxneo Hybrid PlasmidImamkhodjaeva A.S 269

About Neutron Capture Therapy Method Development at WWR-SM Reactor inInstitute of Nuclear Physics of Uzbekistan Academy of SciencesAbdullaeva G.A., Baytelesov S.A., Gritzay O.O., Dosimbaev A.A.,KoblikYu.N 270

Determination of Bromine and Accompanying Elements in Hydromineral RawMaterials by Instrumental Neutron Activation TechniqueBakiev S-n A., Bakiev S-m A., Rakhmanov X, Khasanov F.Kh.,Khudayberdieva F 271

Neutron Activation Analysis of Pure Uranium Using PreconcentrationRakhimov A.V., Salimov M.I., Zinov'ev V.G 272

364CONTENTS

7$gb The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006 c w /

MPNP'2006 __ INP-50

On the Possibility of Using Small Amounts of Radionuclides in MedicineAbibullaev N.A., Begimkulov Kh.Kh., Osmanov B.S., Safarov A.N 273

Interactive User's Application to Genie 2000 Spectroscopy System for Automationof Hair Neutron Activation AnalysisBakiev S.A., Danilova E.A., Kadirova M., Kadirov U.S., Kist A.A.,Osinskaya N.S., Rakhmanov J 274

Radiochemical Neutron Activation Analysis of High Pure Palladium and Platinumby Ion Exchange ChromatographySadikov I.I.. Zinov'ev V.G., Sadikova Z.O., Salimov M.I 275

Scintillation y-Spectrum of RainAzimov A.N., Muminov A.T., Muminov I.T., Khudoiberdiev A.T.,Muhamedov A.K., Safarov A.A., Safarov A.N 276

y-Spectroscopic Studies of Atmospheric Fallout RadioactivityKuneurov F.R., Muminov I.T., Muhamedov A.K., Safarov A.A.,Safarov A.N., Tangabayev A 278

Radioactivity of Soil (Scintillation y-Spectrometric Technique)Azimov A.N., Kalanov S., Kungurov F.R., Muminov T., Muhamedov A.K.,Safarov A.N., Tangabaev A.A., Khazratov T 280

Drug-Binding Ability of Human Serum Albumin at Children with Chronic VirusHepatitis Radiochemical Definition MethodKim A.A., Djuraeva G.T., Dadakhanov J.A., Shukurov B.V.,Mavlyanov I.R 282

Regulation of Element Composition of the Osteal Tissue with Thyroxinein the Experimental CarcinogenesisAbduvaliev A.A., Azimova B.Zh., Gildieva M.S., Danilova E.A.,Osinskaja N.S., Saatov T.S 283

Application of Radiochemical Methods for Development of New BiologicalPreparation Designed for Soil BioremediationKim A.A., Djumaniyazova G.I., Djuraeva G.T., Yadgarov Kh.T 284

Optimization of Time Characteristics in Activation AnalysisGurvich L.G., Umaraliev A.T 286

History of Activation Analysis Technique with Charged Particles in UzbekistanMukhammedov S 287

Yield of Be-7 Produced in the Nuclear Reactorby Charged Particle Nuclear ReactionsKhaydarov A., Mukhammedov S., Barsukova E.G 288

365CONTENTS

<%£ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPNP'2006

Investigation of Dubnium Chemical Behaviour.Ion Exchange Separation of Group V ElementsTereshatov E.E., Brucherfseifer H., Bozhikov G.A., Aksenov N.V.,Shishkin S.V., Dmitriev S.N 289

Scandium - Problem of Ultra-Trace-Element EssentialityKist A.A., ZhukL.I., Danilova E.A., Makhmudov E.A 290

Gamma-Radiation of Some Building MaterialsAhmedova G.A., Mamatkulov O.B., Muhamedov A.K 291

Activation Analysis of Microelement Contents in Food Stuffof Traditional Children Food in Republics UzbekistanRasulovS.K 293

Modern Diagnostic Method of Microelementosis of School Age ChildrenRasulovS.K 295

PGAA Method of the Control for Technologically Important Elements atProcessing of Sulfide OresKurbanov B.L, Aripov G.A., Allatnuratova G., Umaraliev M 297

Nuclear Analytical Techniques for Control of Important Technological Elementsfor Extraction of Ammonium PerrhenateKurbanov B.I 297

Definition of the Microelemental Contents in Endometrium andHair of Patients with Various Forms of InfertilityGazieva Sh.S., Danilova E.A 298

Investigation by Phosphorus-32 Isotope the Capabilities of Mushrooms toDecompose Insoluble Phosphoric CompoundsTakhtobin K.S., Tashpulatov D.T., Shulman T.S 299

A Narrow- Beam X - ray Attenuation of Photons 0.05 - 0.5 MeVin Chemical ExplosivesCherkasovA.S 300

To the Problem of the Correct Calculation of the Coulomb Repulsive Energyof Charged Particles in NucleiCherkasovAJS 302

Formation of Sodium Iodide (Na 123I) Oral CapsuleSattari A., Aslani G., Bahrami A., Rajamand A.A 305

Study of Expression of 5'-Deiodinase II Using Southern Blot HybridizationArtykbaeva G.M 306

Synthesis of 35S-Labelled Deiodinase Riboprobes by Transcription in VitroArtykbaeva G.M 307

366CONTENTS

< ^ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 . . __ r . EVP-50

Section IV NUCLEAR AND RADIATION SAFETY,NONPROLIFERATIONISSUES"

Development of NMCA System and SoftwareChernyadyev V 311

Studying the Effects of 1974 French Atomic Tests Series in the Pacific on AustralianAtmosphere - A Novel Approach to Nuclear MetrologyChaudhri M.A 311

Radiation Risk in Republics Belarus after Chernobyl AccidentSaltanoval 312

Safe Use of the Institute of Nuclear Physics Reactor with Low Enriched FuelBavtelesov S.A., Dosimbaev A.A., Koblik Yu.N., Salikhbaev U.S.,Khalikov U.A., Yuldashev B.S 313

Experiment Calculated Ascertainment of Factors Affectingthe Energy Release in IGR Reactor CoreKurpesheva A.M., Zhotabavev Zh.R 314

Development of Monitoring System for Studying of Radionuclide and ChemicalContamination Level in Trans Boundary River Basins of Caspian and Kara Seas atRussian Federation TerritoryValvaev A.N., Stepanets O.V 315

Distribution and Migration Pathway of Radionuclidesin the Ob and Yenisei Rivers Estuaries and Adjacent Partof the Kara Sea Based on 2003-2005 Years Investigation DataStepanets P., Borisov A., Ligaev A., Solovjeva G., Travkina A., Valyaev A 317

Radioactivity of the Environment of North-West Spurs of Zarafshan Mountain RangeAzimov A.N., Begimkulov Kh., Muminov I.T., Muhamedov A.K.,Rashidova D.Sh., Safarov A.A., Safarov A.N., Khushmuradov Sh 318

Novel Technique of Reducing Radon Levels in Living PremisesKhaydarov R.A., Gapurova P.U., Khavdarov R.R 320

Measurements of Radon Levels and Exhalation Rateof Radon in Dwellings by Detectors CR-39Vasidov A., Tillaev T.S 320

Infrared Precision Measuring Complex for Investigationof High-Speed Processes in Subcritical Electronuclear InstallationMartsev A.A., Maslova M.V 321

367CONTENTS

$$ The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22, 2006MPWF20W j g q

Fuel Assemblies of Low Enriched 235U in Reactor of Institute of Nuclear Physics ofUzbekistan Academy of SciencesDosimbaev A.A., Baytelesov S.A., Koblik Yu.N., Salikhbaev U.S.,Khalikov U.A., Yuldashev B.S 321

Safety Concept of Lead-Cooled Fast ReactorsOrlov V.V., Smirnov V.S., Film A.1 322

Navruz Project: Sharing Radioactivity Data for the Rivers of UzbekistanYuldashev B.S., Salikhbaev U.S., Passel H.D., Radyuk R.I., Radyuk G.A.,Zuravlev A.A., Vasileva V.S.. Lespukh E.E 323

Uranium Contamination of Drinking Water in Kazakhstan and UzbekistanKawabata Y., Aparin V., Shiraishi K., Ko S., Yamamoto M., Nagaia M.,KatayamaY 324

Production of Sorption-Active Polypropylene Fibers by Radiation-Induced Graftingof Glycidil Methacrylate as a Precursor MonomerBondar Yu.V., Kim H.J., Lim Y.J. 325

Sustainbility of Silver Nanoparticles in Solutions and Polymer MaterialsKhavdarov R.R., Malikov Sh., Khaydarov R.A., Mironov V.V 326

Filters for Water Purification from RadionuclidesMironov V.V.. Khavdarov R.R., Khavdarov R.A., Gapurova O.U 327

IAEA and INIS Activities on Managing Nuclear Knowledge and Information(Information on the Base of IAEA Full Text Resource Materials)KadirovaM 327

On Expanding and Realisation of Radiation Monitoring Programat the Border Customs Points of UzbekistanPetrenko V.D., Karimov Yu.N., Podkovirin A.I.,Fazylov M.I., Shipilov N.N., Yuldashev B.S 330

368CONTENTS

MPNP'2006

ADDRESSES OFCONFERENCEPARTICIPANTS


NAMEAbdukadirovaIzidaAbdurakhmanovBaynazarAbdurakhmanovUlugbekAbdurakhimov A.

AbdullaevaGayaneAbibullaevNarimanAdamJindrichAfanasievSergeyAgaevShahinAkhmedovaGuljahonAlexandrovVitaliyAllenspachPeterAparinVyacheslav

AripovGaipArtemovSergeyArtykbaevaGulnoraAzimov A.

AzimovaBakhtigulAzralievAbayBakievSaydaminBaktybaev K.

BaydjanovMaksudbekBayimbetovaJamilaBaytelesovSaparBazarovErkinBedilovMelis

ORGANIZATION, COUNTRYInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANPhysical —Technical Institute, TashkentUZBEKISTANAndijan State University, AndijanUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANSamarkand State University, SamarkandUZBEKISTANJoint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna,RUSSIAJoint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna,RUSSIAInstitute for Physical Problems, BakuAZERBAIJANSamarkand State University, SamarkandUZBEKISTANInstitute of Biochemistry, TashkentUZBEKISTANPaul Scherrer Institute, VilligenSWITZERLANDGGP "KIZILTEPAGEOLOGY" ComplexGeological-ecological expedition, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Biochemistry, TashkentUZBEKISTANSamarkand State University, SamarkandUZBEKISTANInstitute of Biochemistry, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, AlmatyKAZAKHSTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANKazakh National University, Almaty,KAZAKHSTANPhonon Scientific Industrial Association, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANResearch Institute of Applied Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTAN

INP-50

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afanasev(5),Ihe.jinr.ru

agaev shahin(5),vahoo.com

orif(5>,samdu.uz

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aparin@,inbox.ru

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maksudb77(a!vahoo .com

bayimbetovajami @mail.ru

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ADDRESSES

371


NAMEBedilovRavshanBegimkulov Kh.

BekmirzaevRakhmatillaBlokhintsevLeonidBondarYuliyaBoosErnstBuikhanovRafailBurtebayevNasurllaChaudhriAnwarCherepninYuriy

ChernyadyevValeriyChubenkoAlexanderComsanMohammed N.H.

Dadakhanov J.

Daliev Kh.

DepommierPierreDosimbaevAbdurakhimDjomuradov D.

DjuraevaGulnoraDuisebayevAlnurDushanovErmuhammadD'yachenkoValeriiDzhumanovSafaraliEgamegievSerikEgorovOleg

ORGANIZATION, COUNTRYResearch Institute of Applied Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANSamarkand State University, SamarkandUZBEKISTANJizzakh State Pedagogical Institute, JizzakhUZBEKISTANSkobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, MoscowRUSSIAInstitute of Environmental Geochemistry, KievUKRAINEInstitute of Physics and Technology, AlmatyKAZAKHSTANResearch Institute of Veterinary, SamarkandUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, AlmatyKAZAKHSTANInstitute of Medical Physics, Klinikum-Nuernberg,GERMANYResearch & Development Institute of PowerEngineering (NIKIET), MoscowRUSSIAInstitute of Atomic Energy, KurchatovKAZAKHSTANP.N.Lebedev Physical Institute, MoscowRUSSIA

. Nuclear Research Centre,Atomic Energy AuthorityEGYPTInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANNational University of Uzbekistan, TashkentUZBEKISTANUniversity of Montreal, Quebec,CANADAInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANJizzakh State Pedagogical Institute, JizzakhUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, AlmatyKAZAKHSTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, DubnaRUSSIAInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute for Theoretical andExperimental Physics MoscowRUSSIA

INP-50

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nphl(%uzsci.net

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anwar.chaudhri(5),amx.net

tam-gontifalnikiet.ru

chern(3jnnc.kz

chubenko(3)ti en-shan. uni .sci .kz

comsanmnfolhotmail.com

andrew(5),inp.uz

shahrik(2),vandex.ru

pom(2),lps.umontreal.ca

dosimbaev(S),inp.uz

dustmurod(3).inbox.ru

andrew(2}inp.uz

alnur(2),inp.kz

dushanov(a!inp.uz

dvachenkofa>,lhe. i inr.ru

dzhumanovf3irambler.ru

serik(3),inp.uz

eeorov(3).iteD.ru

372ADDRESSES


GafurovUlmasGazieva Sh.

MPM>'2006

NAMEElmurotovaDilnozaErmamatovMirshodErmakovKonstantinEssaniyazovShakirde FranceGilles

FrymireAllanGabaraevBoris

GaristovVladimir

ORGANIZATION, COUNTRYInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANNavoi Mining & Metallurgical Complex, Navoi,UZBEKISTANTermez State University, TermezUZBEKISTANGrand Acce'le'rateur National d'lons Lourds,Caen CedexFRANCETSA Systems Ltd, LongmontUSAResearch & Development Instituteof Power Engineering (NEK.IET), MoscowRUSSIAInstitute for Nuclear Research andNuclear Energy, SofiaBULGARIA

INP-SO

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tam-gontif2jnikiet.ru

gari stov(2),mail .rugaristov(2),inme.bas.bg

Institute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTAN

ulmastglinp.uz.ulmasnew(a)vahoo .com

Scientific Research Institute of Obstetrics andGynecology, TashkentUZBEKISTAN

GoldbergVladilenGolovkovVladimirGritzayOlenaGurvichLevIbraevaElenaIbragimovaElviraIgamovSayrambayImamkhodjaeva A.

InoyatovAnvarIrgazievBakhadir

Ismail ovKairatIsmatovErmakhan

Texas A&M University, Cyclotron Institute, TexasUSANuclear Physics Institute, TomskRUSSIAInstitute for Nuclear Research, KyivUKRAINEInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, AlmatyKAZAKHSTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTAN"Botanika" Scientific-Production Center,Tashkent,UZBEKISTANResearch Institute for Applied Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANGIK Institute of Engineering Sciences andTechnology, Topi, District Swabi,PAKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, AlmatyKAZAKHSTANAktobe State Pedagogical Institute, Aktobe,KAZAKHSTAN

goldberg(5),comp.tamu.edu

eolovkov(2>,npi .tpu.ru

[email protected]

gurvich@,inp.uz

ibr(2)jnp.kz

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isamov(2),inD.uz

botan v(3).uzsci .net

ino vatov(3).nusun .iinr.ru

qcd@,uzsci.net,bakhadir(3),giki.edu.pk

ismail(5}inp.kz

aktobeagpi(5),mail.kz

373ADDRESSES

The Sixth International Conference "Modern Problems of Nuclear Physics", September 19-22,2006MPNP'2006 mp-50

NAME

IvashchenkoAlexey

IzosimovIgorJuraevFarhod

Kabulov A.

KadirovaGulchekhraKadirovaMakhtubaKadirzhanovKairatKaganLeonidKalandarovShuhratKalanovMakhmudKalykovaGulbakytKanokovZokirKarahodjaevAshrafhonKarimovZafarKarshiyevDilshodKazantsevSergeyKistAlexanderKirkMarquis AlbertKenzhinYergazyKhannaFakhirKhakimovZakirKhalilovRavshanKhalilovIlkhomKhaydarovRashidKhaydarovRenat

ORGANIZATION, COUNTRYFederal State Unitary Enterprise "State ScientificCenter of Russian Federation - Research Instituteof Atomic Reactors", Dimitrovgrad,RUSSIAJoint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna,RUSSIAInstitute of Railway Transport Engineers,TashkentUZBEKISTANAbai's National Pedagogical University, AlmatyKAZAKHSTANInstitute of Microbiology, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANNational Nuclear Centre, KurchatovKAZAKHSTANTSA Systems Ltd, LongmontUSADepartment of Heavy Ion Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Physics and Technology, AlmatyKAZAKHSTANNational University, TashkentUZBEKISTANNational University, TashkentUZBEKISTANTashkent Auto Road Institute, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANArgonne National Laboratory, ArgonneUSAInstitute of Atomic Energy, KurchatovKAZAKHSTANUniversity of Alberta, EdmontonCANADAInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANDepartment of Heavy Ion Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Microbiology, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTAN

E-MAIL ADDRESSiw(3),niiar.ru

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kagan(5),tsas ystems. com

ion(5>,inp.uz

ibragimova(3),inp.uz

vesv2004(S)mail.ru

zokiri on(3),vandex.ru

ashrafhon(5),vandex.ru

nturaeva(®ishonch.uz

olimov(S>uzsci .net

koblik(3),inp.uz

kist(S).inp.uz

[email protected]

keafoinnc.kz

khanna(5>,phvs.ualberta.ca

khakimov(3),inp.uz

ion(5}inp.uz

ilkhom2002(3),vahoo.com

green(5)sarkor.uz

ph vsici stfSsarkor.uz

374ADDRESSES


NAMEKhaydarovTurdaliKholbaevIsabekKhudayberdievZafarKhugaevAvasKhujamqulovaGulchehraKolesnikViktorKonobeevskiEvgenyKrassovitskiyPavelKulsartovTimurKungurovFakhrulloKurbanovBakhtyarKurbonovKomilKurbonov A.

KurpeshevaAnaraKutliev U.

KucherskiyNikolayLednickyRichardLespukhElenaLobanovYuriLogachevYuriMakhmudovBakhramMakhkamovShermakhmatMal'tsevAnatolyMamaevaAksauleMamatkulovOrisonMangHerbert

ORGANIZATION, COUNTRYInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANResearch Institute of Applied Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute for Nuclear Research, MoscowRUSSIAInstitute of Nuclear Physics, AlmatyKAZAKHSTANKazakhstan State University AlmatyKAZAKHSTANSamarkand State University, SamarkandUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANBukhara State University, BukharaUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Atomic Energy, KurchatovKAZAKHSTANUrganch State University, KhorazmUZBEKISTANNavoi Mining & Metallurgical Complex, Navoi,UZBEKISTANJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, DubnaRUSSIAInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, DubnaRUSSIAInstitute of Atomic Energy, KurchatovKAZAKHSTANSamarkand State University, SamarkandUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, DubnaRUSSIAInstitute of Physics and Technology, AlmatyKAZAKHSTANSamarkand State University, SamarkandUZBEKISTANUniversity of Technology, ViennaAUSTRIA

EVP-50

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kolesnikfSinp.uz

konobeev(3),al20.inr.ru

pavel.kras(2!inp.kz

kulsartov(S),phvsics.kz

nphl(a),uzsci.net

bkurbanov(3),inp .uz

2ores2003@,bk.ru

karimov(5),inp.uz

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a skrinnik(S!nemk.uz

lednickv(SJfzu.cz

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lobanov(2),sunsns.iinr.ru

Ioeachev(S),nnc.kz

makhmudovb(5)jambler.ru

[email protected]

amaltsev@,cv.iinr.ru

ak78@,mail.ru

orif(5>.samdu.uz

aui(S),quark.itp.tuwien.ac.at

ADDRESSES

375


NAMEMarkelovaElenaMartyanovIgorMaslovaMarinaMironovVadimMirsagatovShavkat

MirsagatovaAdibaMirzaevBakhadirMitrofanovSemenMoskaliukStepanMukhamedshinaNuranyaMukhammedovSuyunMukhtarovaNinaMuminovTolibMuminovMukhtarMunasbayevaKarligashMussaevaMalikaMustafaevaSolmazMuzafarovaSulnanpasha

NadirbekovMakhmudjonNasirovAvazbekNasriddinovKomiljonNazyrovDilshadNieGalinaNishonovSherzodNosovSergey

ORGANIZATION, COUNTRYInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Physics and Technology, AlmatyKAZAKHSTANJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, DubnaRUSSIAInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANPhysical-Technical Institute of SPA"Physics—Sun", TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, DubnaRUSSIAUniversity of Technology, ViennaAUSTRIAInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute for Applied Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, AlmatyKAZAKHSTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Physics, BakuAZERBAIJANPhysical-Technical Institute of SPA"Physics—Sun", TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANDepartment of Heavy Ion Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANTashkent State Pedagogical University, TashkentUZBEKISTANNational University .TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Atomic Energy, KurchatovKAZAKHSTAN

INP-50

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khidirov{3),inp.uz

semen(3>fobos. iinr.ru

aui(3),quark.itp.tuwien.ac.at

mnuranva(o).mail.ru

m-suvun(S}ramb]er.ru

khidirov(5>jnp.uz

tolib m(S)uzsci.net

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info(2>inp.kz

mmukhtartalvandex.ru .ibragimova(5),inp.uzasadov sa]im(@,mail.ru

samusu@,rambler.ru

nmakhmud@,vandex.ru

nasirov(H>,i inr.ru

kamil6(5),vandex.ru

dnazirov2004(a>,mail .ru

[email protected]

nisherO7(S)rambler.ru

nosov(o),nnc.kz

376ADDRESSES


NAMENuritdinovIzzatulloOchilovMurodullaOlimovKosim

OlimovKhusniddin

OrlovaTatyanaOsmanovBariPalvanovSatirnbayPetrenkoVitaliyPetrovVladimir

PetrovNikolaiPishukVasiliyPikulValeriyPogrebnjakAlexanderPolenokVladimir

PopovaElenaPuriRajeev KumarRadyukGennadiyRadyukRaisaRakhimovAlimardonRakhmonovTurdimukhammadRakhmanovJumaboyRasulovSaidulloRasulovaMukhayoRauchHelmut

ORGANIZATION, COUNTRYInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANSamarkand State University, SamarkandUZBEKISTANPhysical-Technical Institute of SPA"Physics—Sun", TashkentUZBEKISTANPhysical-Technical Institute of SPA"Physics—Sun", TashkentUZBEKISTANTashkent State Pedagogical University, TashkentUZBEKISTANSamarkand State University, SamarkandUZBEKISTANNational University of Uzbekistan, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANPhysical-Technical Institute of SPA"Physics—Sun", TashkentUZBEKISTANMain Computer Center JSCo "RussianRailways" Moscow RussiaInstitute for Problems of Materials, KievUKRAINEInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANSumy Institute for Surface Modification, SumyUKRAINEFederal State Unitary Enterprise "State ScientificCenter of Russian Federation - Research Instituteof Atomic Reactors", Dimitrovgrad,RUSSIAInstitute of Electrophysics, YekaterinburgRUSSIAPanjab University, ChandigarhINDIAInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANSamarkand Medical Institute, SamarkandUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANUniversity of Technology, ViennaAUSTRIA

DflP-SO

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satimbay(5)/y andex.ru

petrenko(2>,inp.uz

olimov(3),uzsci.net

petroff@,evc. rzd. runv.petrov(5),mtu-net.ruvpishuk@,ipms.kiev.uavpishuk(3>,ukr.netkoblik(2>jnp.uz

apogrebniak(5),simp.sumv.ua

iw(2!niiar.ru

lena@,i ep.uran.ru

rkpuri(3),pu.ac.in

koblik(2)inp.uz

radvuk(a).inp.uz

alimardonrakhimov(2),vahoo.com

t.rakhmonov@,mail.ru

bakiev(o),inp.uz

nphl(2>uzsci.net

rasulova(5),inp.uz

aui(2),quark.itp.tuwien .ac. at

377ADDRESSES


NAMERichardsonJefferyRonnowHenrikRuzimovShamuratSadikovaZaryaSadikovIlkhomSadykovTurlanSafarovAskarSafarovAkmalSafronovArkadySagindykovShakenSaidahmedovKhahramonSalakhitdinovaMaysaraSaltanovaIrina

SalikhbaevUmarSamatovZhuraboySamoilovVladimirSandalovVladimirSardarlyRaufSattariAli

SattarovGayivilloSattorov A.

ScuridinViktorSharipovShukurShchepetovAlexanderSeniorDmitry

ORGANIZATION, COUNTRYLawrence Livermore Nat'l Lab, LivermoreUSAInstitute LNS, ETH-Zurich & PSI, Villigen,SWITZERLANDNational University of Uzbekistan, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Physics and Technology, AlmatyKAZAKHSTANSamarkand State University, SamarkandUZBEKISTANSamarkand State University, SamarkandUZBEKISTANSkobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, MoscowRUSSIAInstitute of Nuclear Physics, AlmatyKAZAKHSTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANSamarkand State University, SamarkandUZBEKISTANJoint Institute for Power and Nuclear Research"SOSNY", MinskBELARUSInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANSamarkand State University, SamarkandUZBEKISTANInstitute of Physics and Technology, AlmatyKAZAKHSTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute for Radiation Problems, Baku,AZERBAIJANCyclotron and Nuclear Medicine Department,Nuclear Research CenterIRANNavoi Mining & Metallurgical Complex, Navoi,UZBEKISTANJizzakh State Pedagogical Institute, JizzakhUZBEKISTANNuclear Physics Institute, TomskRUSSIAInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANP.N.Lebedev Physical Institute, MoscowRUSSIAInstitute for Problems of Materials Science, Kiev,UKRAINE

nw-so

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nphlfaluzsci.net

nphl(3luzsci.net

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[email protected]

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samatov(5),nus un.iinr.ru

samoilov(2>satsun.sci.kz

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378ADDRESSES


NAMESmirnovValery

Shukurov B.

ShunkeyevKuanyshbekSolnyshkinAlexanderSorokinArtemiyStavrovAndreiStepanetsOleg

Suleymanov R.

SultanovaSvetlanaSvetlov-Prokop'evEugene

Tadzhibaeva D.

TakhtobinKonstantinTandonShivaliTashimovaFeruzaTashmetovMannabTashpulatovSadullaTemiralievTursynhanTemiralievAbzalTereshatovEvgenyTereshchukPolinaTivanovaOksanaTshayKonstantinTsoupko-SitnikovVsevolodTuraevaNigora

TursunovNigmatilla

ORGANIZATION, COUNTRYN.A. Dollezhal Research and DevelopmentInstitute of Power Engineering, MoscowRUSSIAInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANAktobe State Pedagogical Institute, AktobeKAZAKHSTANJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, DubnaRUSSIASkobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow,RUSSIATSA Systems Ltd, LongmontUSAVernadsky Institute of Geochemistry of AnalyticalChemistry, MoscowRUSSIASamarkand State University, SamarkandUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANA.I.Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical andExperimental Physics, Moscow,RUSSIAInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANPunjab University, ChandigarhINDIAInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Physics and Technology, AlmatyKAZAKHSTANInstitute of Physics and Technology, AlmatyKAZAKHSTANJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, DubnaRUSSIAInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, AlmatyKAZAKHSTANAktobe State University, AktobeKAZAKHSTANJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, DubnaRUSSIAInstitute of Polymer Chemistry and Physics,TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics', TashkentUZBEKISTAN

INP-50

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stavrovf5),tsasystems.com

stepanet(2),geokhi.ru

nphl(2>,uzsci.net

svetlana(5),inp .uz

epprokopievf2),mail.ru,spep(2z)pochta.ru

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temirfa),sci.kz

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[email protected]

379ADDRESSES


YusupovAmijonZaidiMohammed K.

MPNP'2006

NAMEUbaevJigerUglovSergeyUmerovRafaelUmmatovKhudoyberdiUsarovZafarUsarovAzamat

UtamuratovRavshanbekUtamurodova Sh.

UtkelbaevBekmukhamedValyaevAlexanderVasidovAbdisamatVildanovaLudmilaYarmukhamedovRakhimYuldashbaevToymasYuldashevAnvar

ORGANIZATION, COUNTRYAktobe State Pedagogical Institute, Aktobe,KAZAKHSTANNuclear Physics Institute, TomskRUSSIAInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANEngineering-Pedagogic Institute, NamanganUZBEKISTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANPhysical-Technical Institute of SPA"Physics—Sun", TashkentUZBEKISTANDepartment of Heavy Ion Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANNational University of Uzbekistan, TashkentUZBEKISTANInstitute of Atomic Energy, KurchatovKAZAKHSTANNuclear Safety Institute, MoscowRUSSIAInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANTien-Shan Mountain Scientific Station, Almaty,KAZAKHSTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTANPhysical-Technical Institute, TashkentUZBEKISTANPhysical-Technical Institute of SPA"Physics—Sun", TashkentUZBEKISTAN

INP-50

E-MAIL ADDRESSaktobeagpi(2).mail.kz

uglov@,npi .tpu.ru

tezIatsichOinp.uz

[email protected] ail.ru

Z.A.U(S),rambler.ru

olimov@,uzsci.net

ion(2!inp.uz

shahrik(3),vandex.ru

bekdu(5}nnc.kz

alexandr valvaev(S),newmail.ru;vaJvaev(3),ibrae.ac.rusamadfflUnp.uz

vild@,tien-shan.uni. sci.kz

rakhim(3),inp.uz

tsiu(5),uzsci.net

anvar(2!uzsci.net

Samarkand State University, SamarkandUZBEKISTAN

[email protected],msalakhitdinova@,vahoo.com

Radiological and Environmental SciencesLaboratory, IdahoUSA

[email protected]

ZaporozhetsIgor

ZaginaychenkoSvetlanaZarubinPavelZazulinDenisZholdybayevTimurZhukIgor

Zinov'evVladimir

Novosibirsk Chemical Concentrates Plant, Inc.,NovosibirskRUSSIAInstitute for Problems of Materials Science, Kiev,UKRAINEJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, DubnaRUSSIAInstitute of Nuclear Physics, AlmatyKAZAKHSTANInstitute of Nuclear Physics, AlmatyKAZAKHSTANJoint Institute for Power and Nuclear Research"SOSNY", MinskBELARUSInstitute of Nuclear Physics, TashkentUZBEKISTAN

nzhkfolnccp.ru

shurzag(2),materials.kiev.ua:shurzag(3),mail.ruzarubin@,lhe.iinr.ru

Denis(S),inD.kz

zholdvbavev@,inp.kz

zhuk(S),sosnv.bas-net.bY

zinovjev(o!inp.uz

380ADDRESSES

MPNP'2006

Products of Instituteof Nuclear Physics

Uzbekistan Academy ofSciences

&its Enterprises

RADIOPREPARATENTERPRISE

OF THE INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS100214, Ulugbek, Tashkent, UZBEKISTAN

Phone/Fax (998-712) 64-90-62E-mail: [email protected]

Radiopharmaceuticalpreparations and articles for

medicine

For differential diagnostics of virusalhepatitises B

Radioimmunoassay kits are of high sensitivity

IRMA-HBsAg-[!2SI],RIA-anti-HBs-[125I],HBsAg-ELISA,

For diagnostics of infectious diseases

Kits of reagents for Technetium-99mgenerators are intended for use in expressdiagnostics liver, kidneys, bones andhepatobiliary system.

Recombinant-anti-HCV-strip,Recombinant-anti-HIV-strip,Recombinant-antipallidum-IgG-stripTechnephite, Technetrin,Technephore, Carbomek,Mezida, Butylida, Pyrphotech, Technemek,Technemag, Pentatech.

Testing of kidney function, therapy ofblood diseases, the diagnostics of cancerdiseases.

Sodium o-Iodohippurate, 131I;Albumin, 131I; Sodium Iodide, 131I, capsulated;Bengalian rose, 131I; Sodium Phosphate, 32P.

Comizole, 198Au.The ray therapy of malignant tumors thediagnostics of liver diseases.

Compounds with radioactive isotopes for biotechnology

Orthophosphoric (32P and 33P) Acids,carrierfree;Sulphuric Acid, 35S, carrier free.

Radionuclide generators

Compounds are of high chemical purityand specific radioactivity.

Simplicity of operation, duration of using,high radiochemical and chemical puritiesof the radionuclide.

Technetium-99m generator

Preparations for general purposes

High specific and bulk volume radio-activity, radionuclide purity, as theisotopes to label the compounds formedical and biological investigations.

Sodium iodide, 125I, carrier free;Sodium iodide, 131I, carrier free;Ferrum-55,55Fe; Cobalt-58,58Co;Mercury-203, 203Hg.

383

6T

ENTERPRISE

RADIOPREPARAT100214, Ulugbek, Tashkent, UZBEKISTAN

Tel: (998-712) 60-64-63 Fax (998-712) 64-90-62E-mail: pgchistyakov@mail uznet. net

INTERNATIONALGOLD STAR

ELISA TEST-SYSTEMS

Recombinant-anti-HCV-strip ELISA kit for the detectionof antibody to the hepatitis "C" virus in human serum or plasma

The immuno-enzymetic test system of the 3-rdgeneration intended for specific diagnostic of the viralhepatitis C. Principle of the method is based on thetwo stage interaction of the test-system components:1) antibody to the hepatitis C virus from the tested

sample with the hepatitis C virus structural and unstructural recombinant antigens immobilized in thewells of polystyrene plate;

2) and interaction of the immuno-enzymeticconjugate specific to the human antibody with theantibody from the sample.

The test-system "Recombinant-anti-HCV-strip" isdesignated for qualitative determination of antibody tohepatitis C virus in human blood serum or plasma. Itmay be used to facilitate differential diagnosis of viralhepatitis C, to perform blood control.

Amount of tests: 96 or 192Sample: 0.1 ml (serum or plasma)Sensitivity: 100%Specificity: not less than 99,5%Duration of analysis: 2 hours, 42°CDetection: at 450 nmExpiry: 6 months at 2-8°C

HBsAg-ELISA kit for the detection of the surfaceantigen of the hepatitis "B" in human serum or plasma

HBsAg-ELISA for Hepatitis B surface antigendetection is the test-system of the 3-rd generation.Principle of the method is based on the simultaneousinteraction of HBsAg from the tested sample withpolyclonal antibody immobilized to the wells ofpolystyrene plate and with the immuno-enzymeticconjugate specific to HBsAg.

HBsAg (Hepatitis B Surface Antigen) is astructural component of hepatitis B virus externalprotein envelope. This makes it as the best indicator ofinfection caused by hepatitis B virus though theantigen itself is not infectious.

HBsAg-ELISA kit is designated for qualitativeor semi quantitative determination of HBsAg inhuman blood serum or plasma. It may be used tofacilitate differential diagnosis of viral hepatitis, toevaluate the prognosis of infected patients, to revealHBsAg chronic carriers, to perform blood control.

Amount of tests: 96 or 192Sample: 0.1 ml (serum or plasma)Sensitivity: 0,25 ng/mlSpecificity: not less than 99,5%Duration of analysis: 2 hours, 42 CDetection: at 450 nmExpiry: 6 months at 2-8°C

384

T

ENTERPRISE

RADIOPREPARAT100214, Ulugbek, Tashkent, UZBEKISTAN

Tel: (998-712) 60-64-63 Fax (998-712) 64-90-62E-mail: pgchistyakov@mail. uznet. net

INTERNATIONALGOLD STAR

ELISA TEST-SYSTEMS

Recombinant-anti-HIV-strip ELISA kit for the detection of antibodyto the human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2 type in human serum or plasma

The immuno-enzymetic test system of the 3-rdgeneration is intended for specific determination ofantibody to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Principle of the method is based on the two stageinteraction of the test-system components:3) antibody to the Human Immunodeficiency Virus

from the tested sample with the HIV-1,2 structuraland unstructured recombinant antigensimmobilized in the wells of polystyrene microplate;

4) and interaction of the immuno-enzymeticconjugate specific to the human antibody with theantibody from the sample.

The test-system "Recombinant-anti-HIV-strip" isdesignated for qualitative determination of antibody toh Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and 2 type inhuman blood serum or plasma.

Amount of tests: 96 or 192Sample: 0.1 ml (serum or plasma)Sensitivity: 100%Specificity: not less than 98,5%Duration of analysis: 2 hours, 42°CDetection: at 450 nmExpiry: 6 months at 2-8°C

Recombinant-antipallidum- IgG -strip ELISA kit for detection ofantibody To Treponema pallidum

The immuno-enzymetic test system of the 3-rdgeneration intended for specific diagnostic of suphylis.Principle of the method is based on the two stageinteraction of the test-system components:1) antibody to Treponema pallidum from the tested

sample with the recombinant antigens immobilizedin the wells of polystyrene plate;

2) interaction of the immuno-enzyrnetic conjugatespecific to human antibody with antibody from thesample.

The test-system "Recombinant-antipallidum- IgG -strip" is designated for qualitative determination ofantibody to Treponema pallidum in human bloodserum or plasma. It may be used to facilitatedifferential diagnosis of syphilis, to perform bloodcontrol.

Amount of tests: 96 or 192Sample: 0.1 ml (serum or plasma)Sensitivity: not less than 99%Specificity: not less than 99%Duration of analysis: 2 hours, 42°CDetection: at 450 nmExpiry: 6 months at 2-8°C

385

STE "TEZLATGICH" ^ S j ^ k Tel: ("8-?12> 64-87-32100214, Tashkent, UZBEKISTAN " t >, f Fax (998-712) 64-84-30

iggrCOBALT-57 radionuclide, carrier free

(Half-life 271.7 days)

Scientific technological enterprise TEZLATGICH, has been carrying outproduction of Co57 radionuclide in industrial volume for last 15 years.

The using of enriched raw materials and original extraction of Co57 fromcyclotron targets allow us to receive the final product with high radionuclidepurity -0.05 - 0.15% relatively to the content of such by product isotopes asCo56, Co58 and Co60.

We are able to warrant the following parameters certified by leadingpharmaceutical companies:

• Co57 as Co(II) in 0.1M - 0.5M HC1 with specific activity >7 000 mCi/mg• Specific activity >7 000 mCi/mg• Radionuclide purity ~ 0.05 - 0.15%• Chemical purity (as content of Fe, Cu, Ni) ~0.02 mg/Ci• Package (for 1 Ci) 300x300x300 mm, package weight - 6 kg

We would like to remind that the gamma sources made from Co57 producedon cyclotron are widely utilized in nuclear medicine, defectoscopy of materials,geology, in the prospecting work and as a part of control systems of varioustechnologies. The unique ability of Co57 to form stable resonance on Fe57 lets itto be used for Messbauer sources utilized in the chemical analysis, in theanalysis of magnetic properties of various materials, in the researches ofcorrosion, catalysis and diffusion.

We hope that high quality and attractive price of our product will beinteresting. Don't hesitate to contact us.

We are always ready to meet the requirements of our clients.

386

STE "TEZLATGICH" j g j ^ , Tel: (998~712) 64~87-32

100214, Tashkent, UZBEKISTAN " ~ ^ ' ^ t Fax (998~712) 64-84-30

PALLADIUM-103, carrier free(Half-life 17 days)

Regional producer of cyclotron isotopes, scientific technological enterpriseTEZLATGICH with 15 years experience of isotope production in industrialvolume offers high quality Pd103 radionuclide. The using of enriched materialsand original extraction of the isotope from cyclotron targets let us to receive theisotope with following parameters:

• Pd103 as Pd(II) in 0.1M - 0.5M HCI• Specific activity - 2000 - 2400 mCi/mg• Radionuclide purity ~ 0.1 %• Chemical purity (as content of Rh) ~ 0.5microgr/mCi• Package (for 1 Ci) 3 00x3 00x3 00mm, package weight ~ 6 kg.

CADMIUM-109, carrier free(Half-life 453 days)

Regional producer of cyclotron isotopes, scientific technological enterpriseTEZLATGICH with 15 years experience of isotope production in industrialvolume offers high quality Cd109 radionuclide. The using of enriched materialsand original extraction of the isotope from cyclotron targets let us to receive theisotope with following parameters:

• Cd109 as Cd(II) in 0.1M - 0.5M HCI• Specific activity ~ 300 mCi/mg• Radionuclide purity - 0 . 1 %• Chemical purity (as content of Ag, Cu, Fe) ~ 0.5microgr/mCi• Package (for 1 Ci) 300x300x300mm, package weight ~ 6 kg.

We hope that quality and attractive price of our product will be interesting.Don't hesitate to contact us.

387

MINI-SYSTEMS FOR PURIFICATION DRINKING WATER

PORTATIVE DISINFECTING DEVICE IVK -1

The device is intended for disinfection of drinking water from bacteria (E. Coli, V.Cholera, Typhoid - Paratyphoid, L pneumophila, Salmonella and other pathogens) andLamblia. IVK-1 can be used in household conditions, tourist trips, in regions of a disaster, etc.for treatment of potable water, water for washing vegetables, fruit, table-ware, etc. The devicehas a shape and size of a usual pen. Water treated by the device saves disinfectant propertiesfor a long time and even at a recontamination, does not change taste, has not odor and is notharmful. The device can kill bacteria at very high concentration up to 1012 bacteria per liter.The principle of work is based on the oligodynamic water disinfecting method.

Specifications

treatment time of 1 litre of water, 1 -5minutes

bacteria killing time after watertreatment, minutes

dimensions, mm

resource of the unit, litres

Voltage, V

120(L)xl5(D)

3000

12V

IVK-1 has been tested in USA, Germany, Russia, Korea, Malaysia, and approved by theMinistries of Public Health of Uzbekistan and Russia.

DISINFECTING DEVICE IVK -2P

The device is intended for disinfection of drinking water from bacteria {E. coli, Typhoid- Paratyphoid, L pneumophila, Salmonella, V. cholera and other pathogens) in villages,schools, hospitals, hotels, private houses, for a bottle water production, meal production etc.The principle of the work is based on using water disinfecting electrochemical processes. Thedevice consists of disinfecting unit and control box.

Specificationsproductivity, m3/hbacteria killing time after watertreatment, minutesdimensions of electronic unit,mmheightdiameterresource of the disinfectant unit,m3

AC voltage, Vpower, W

1-5060

230170

2000 - 5000

220V ±15%5-50

IVK-2P has been tested in USA, Germany, Russia, Korea, Malaysia, and approved by theMinistries of Public Health of Uzbekistan and Russia.

388

MINI SYSTEM FOR WATER PURIFICATION FBK-2

Mini-system is intended for purification of drinking water from heavy metal ions (Zn,Cd, Sr, Cu, Hg, Pb, U, etc.), radionuclides, nitrates, pesticides, phenols, dioxin, bacteria (E.Coli, Typhoid - Paratyphoid, L. pneumophila, Salmonella, V. cholera and other pathogens) inschools, hospitals, hotels, etc. It consists of sorbents, catalyst, silver-containing unit,disinfecting unit.

Specifications

productivity, m3/h

cleaning coefficient

5-10

for chemical contaminationsfor pathogens

resource of the sorbent unit, m3

resource of the disinfectant unit, m3

dimensions, mm

AC voltage, V

power, W

10-100 m m K•till 0 CFU llfli i l l ip5000 H ^ l5000 IMIBfp'800x600x400 ^ H S B

•1DEB^E

220V ± 15% H H ^ H50 W

Mini-systems have been tested and approved by the Ministries of Public Health of Uzbekistanand Russian Federation, tested in Germany, USA, Korea, India. Mini-systems are used indifferent Uzbek enterprises, hospitals, in one of the villages of Samarkand region with thepopulation of10000.

MINI SYSTEM FOR WATER PURIFICATION FBK-1-2

Mini-system is intended for purification of drinking water from heavy metal ions (Zn,Cd, Sr, Cu, Hg, Pb, U, etc.), radionuclides, nitrates, pesticides, phenols, dioxin, bacteria (E.Coli, Typhoid - Paratyphoid, L. pneumophila, Salmonella, V. cholera and other pathogens),to decrease a water hardness and remove suspended solids. The mini-system is used inschools, hospitals, hotels, in producing water, beverages, beer, etc. It consists of threecolumns to remove suspended solids, organic and inorganic contaminants, and disinfectingunit.

Specifications

productivity, m3/h

cleaning coefficientfor chemical contaminationsfor pathogens

resource of the sorbent unit, m3

resource of the disinfectant unit, m3

height of columns, mm

AC voltage, V

power, W

5-10

10-100

till 0 CFU

5000

5000

1960 and 1600

220V ±15%

50 W

Mini-systems have been tested and approved by the Ministries of Public Health of Uzbekistanand Russian Federation, tested in Germany, USA, Korea, India. Mini-systems are used indifferent Uzbek enterprises and hospitals.

389

THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCEMODERN PROBLEMS OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS

BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

Editors: B. Yuldashev, M.Fazylov, E.Ibragimova, U.Salikhbaev

Computer preparation original model: Z.Fazilova, S.Sergeeva, Z.Kurbanova

The content of all abstracts is published in the author's edition

Chopetishga 28.08.2006 da ruxsat berildiNashriyot-hisob tabog'i

Adadi 300 nusxa, Buyurtma N°

Ozbekiston Respublikasi Fanlar Akademiyasi Yadro Fisikasi Instituti bosmaxonasida"Rizograf nusxa kopaitirish qurilmacida chop etildi.

100214, Toshkent, Mirzo-Ulug'bek tumani, Ulug' bek shaharchasi

Mailing address: Institute of Nuclear Physics, UlugbekTashkent, UZ-100214, Republics Uzbekistan,

Telephone: (998-712) 64-15-52, 60-61-18, (998-71) 150-36-03Fax: (998-712) 64-25-90, (998-71) 150-30-80E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected];

http://www.int).uz/conf/index.htm

'•''•iftilffsittiSSKsy'Ci

:•:'-: S A £ S

Z$3

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