For Citation of this Paper See Below:

Twumasi, Y.A., and E.C. Merem. (2006). Management of watersheds with remote sensing and GIS: A case study of River Niger Delta Region in Nigeria. In Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS): Prospecting for Geospatial Information Integration, ACSM-ASPRS Annual Convention and Exhibition on CD ROM ISBN: 1-57083-081-9; Softcover ISBN: 9781604237290. May 1-5. Reno, NV, U.S.A.: pp.1475-1484.

Website: http://www.proceedings.com/00814.html

ASPRS 2006 Annual Conference Reno, Nevada May 1-5, 2006

MANAGEMENT OF WATERSHEDS WITH REMOTE SENSING AND GIS: A CASE STUDY OF RIVER NIGER DELTA REGION IN NIGERIA

Yaw A. Twumasi, Ph.D. Research Assistant Professor

Edmund C. Merem, Ph.D. Assistant Professor Center for Hydrology, Soil Climatology, and Remote Sensing.

Department of Plant and Soil Science. P.O. Box 1208. Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL 35762

Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Jackson State University. Jackson, MS 39211 USA

yaw.twumasi@email.aamu.edu edmund.c.merem@jsums.edu

ABSTRACT The growing incidence of global environmental decline, especially the depletion of ozone layer, loss of biodiversity and degradation of large watersheds caused by deforestation, have attracted the attention of decision makers worldwide for quite sometime. After a series of global environmental conferences between 1987 through 1992, policy debates within the field of environmental protection identified the conditions of watersheds as a vital component of ecosystem health. While human impact on the environment has intensified, considerable attention has been directed towards the search for a means to preserve existing biodiversity and management of large watersheds. In the process the question of the watershed management in a tropical ecosystem continues to draw substantial interests from researchers. Increasingly, in the past decade, Nigeria’s River Niger Delta has been under intense pressure because of the threat posed by multiple factors. Human activities inland have exerted a lot of pressure through intense use of land surrounding the watershed for oil and gas drilling, agriculture, logging, and fuelwood extraction and increasing reliance on the river for electricity consumption to satisfy both domestic and foreign exchange needs. Compounding the problems are the lack of efficient, inventorying and precise data to sustainably manage the watershed. Notwithstanding the gravity of these trends there has not been any major effort by resource managers aimed at examining these issues in watershed management within the Niger Delta Region of Southern Nigeria. This calls for the need to find appropriate tools to aid the management of the river. Perhaps the most important element in the efforts to manage the Niger Delta is the need to provide a baseline data about the ecology and forest cover to form the basis of future management. This study therefore adopts a remote sensing technique to provide baseline information about the surrounding ecology of River Niger Delta to facilitate future monitoring. INTRODUCTION: BACKGROUND INFORMATION AND THE ISSUES

In the literature watersheds are described as an important source of water, energy and biological diversity. Furthermore, they are a source of such key resources as forests, agricultural products and of recreation. As a key ecosystem representing the complex and interrelated ecology of our planet, watershed environments are essential to the survival of global ecosystem (Heal 2000). From a planning standpoint, watershed is considered the most ideal unit for analysis and management of natural resources. For optimal use of environmental resources in a region, integrated watershed development approach is still viewed by many to be the most ideal as it helps in maintaining the ecological basis of resources utilization (Sahai 1988). Accordingly, watershed management deals with optimizing the use of land, water, vegetation, animal, and environment to prevent soil erosion, improve water availability, increase, food, fuel and timber production on a sustainable basis (Bhardwaj and Dogra 1997).

To further put the role of watersheds in a context as noted by (Heal 2000) requires a further digression towards the attributes and the importance of watersheds from a global perspective. In line with the goal of protecting the Earth’s basic riparian resources and environmental systems, the conservation of watersheds is of great importance, in part because they are significant in their own right, but also because they cover many regions of the world in the form of as forests, which contribute genetic diversity. Additionally, conservation of watersheds enhances the protection of many habitats that are essential to other life support systems of the planet. To demonstrate this point, the world’s 106 biggest watersheds cover 53 percent of the Earth’s surface. Close to 3 billion people representing 50

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“Prospecting for Geospatial Information Integration”

May 1-5, 2006 Reno, Nevada, USA

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Annual Conference of the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing

2006

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Mapping Shallow Water Depth from Satellite ...................................................................................1

Abileah, Ron

Land Use/Land Cover Change Detection in Metropolitan Lagos (Nigeria): 1984-2002 .......................................................................................................................................................8

Adepoju, M.O.; Millington, A.C.; Tansey, K.T.

Zoom-Dependent Camera Calibration .............................................................................................15Al-Ajlouni, Salaheddin; Fraser, Clive S.

Registration of Terrestrial Laser Scanner Data Using Imagery ....................................................26Al-Manasir, Khalil; Fraser, Clive S.

Mapping Vegetation and Saline Soil Using NDVI in Arid Irrigated Lands....................................35Aldakheel, Yousef Y.; Elprince, Adel M.; Aatti, Masoud Abdel

Fuzzy Cellular Automata Approach for Urban Growth Modeling .................................................41Alkheder, Sharaf; Wang, Jun; Shan, Jie

Role of Geo-Information Sciences in Disaster Management ........................................................52Altan, Orhan

United States Geographic Information Standards; International, National, and Federal ................................................................................................................................................61

Andersen, Norman C.; Shin, Sharon

Automatic Extraction of Physiographic Features and Alluvial Fans in Nevada, USA from Digital Elevation Models and Satellite Imagery Through Multiresolution Segmentation and Object-Oriented Classification.........................................................................68

Argialas, Demetre; Tzotsos, Angelos

The U.S. Geological Survey Creates the National Geospatial Programs Office; Providing Leadership to Place Geographic Knowledge at the Fingertips of the Nation ..................................................................................................................................................78

Armstrong, Leslie; Stevens, Alan

Spatial Conflation of Non-Plannar Polygons Toward Automation in Building Extraction from Aerial Photograghs ................................................................................................82

Avrahami, Yair; Raizman, Yuri; Doytsher, Yerach

Using Artificial Neural Networks to Evaluate the Effect of Landcover in Estimating Snowpack Properties with SSM/I Data ............................................................................................92

Azar, Amir E.; Khanbilvardi, Reza; Mahani, Shayesteh; Ghedira, Hosni

Combination of Active and Passive Microwave to Estimate Snowpack Preoperties Using Artificial Neural Networks in Great Lakes Area, United States........................................103

Azar, Amir E.; Ghedira, Hosni; Khanbilvardi, Reza; Shahroudi, Narges

Accuracy Analysis of Hyperspectral Imagery Classification Using Level Sets ........................110Ball, John; Bruce, Lori Mann

A Combinatorial Approach to an Autonomous Registration of Laser Point Clouds................122Barnea, Shahar; Filin, Sagi; Alchanatis, Victor

Object Tracking Using Multi-Source Persistent Surveillance .....................................................132Barrett, Richard L.; Camp, Christopher M.; Knize, Nicholas W.; Landis, Richard L.

Estimating Land-Cover Change in RSIM; Problems and Constraints........................................139Baskaran, Latha; Dale, Virginia; Garten, Chuck; Vogt, David; Rizy, Colleen; Efroymson, Rebecca; Aldridge, Matthew; Berry, Michael; Browne, Murray; Lingerfelt, Eric; Ahktar, Farhan; Chang, Michael; Stewart, Catherine

Radiometric Processing Scheme for Multispectral ADS40 Data for Mapping Purposes...........................................................................................................................................149

Beisl, Ulrich; Woodhouse, Neil; Lu, Suqin

An Evaluation of the Effect of Terrain Normalization on Classification Accuracy of Landsat ETM+ Imagery....................................................................................................................159

Bishop, Jesse B.; Congalton, Russell G.

Geoenvironmental Characterization and Land Use in the Purus National Forest, Western Amazon, Brazil; A Contribution to the Management Plan............................................171

Brandão, Pedro Christo; Soares, Vicente Paulo; Simas, Felipe N.B.; Schaefer, Carlos Ernesto R.G.; de Souza, Agostinho Lopes

Multi-Temporal and Multi-Platform Agricultural Land Cover Classification in Southeastern Michigan ...................................................................................................................179

Brooks, Colin N.; Schaub, David L.; Powell, Richard B.; French, Nancy H.F.; Shuchman, Robert A.

An Improved Method for Precise Automatic Co-Registration of Moderate- and High-Resolution Spacecraft Imagery.............................................................................................191

Bryant, Nevin A.; Logan, Thomas L.; Zobrist, Albert L.

Comparison of Very High Resolution Space Images...................................................................197Buyuksalih, Gurcan; Jacobsen, Karsten

A Machine Learning Approach for Automatic Road Extraction .................................................205Cai, Xiongcai; Sowmya, Arcot; Trinder, John

MERIS Based Land Cover Characterization; A Comparative Study...........................................237Carrão, Hugo; Caetano, Mário; Gonçalves, Paulo

Contrast Enhancement of Satellite Image Based on Adaptive Unsharp Masking Using Wavelet Transform ...............................................................................................................250

Chitwong, S.; Phahonyothing, S.; Nilas, P.; Cheevasuvit, F.

The Hayman Fire Area; IFSAR Elevation Data and Practical Applications................................256Crawford, Robert E.

Fast Rendering of Massive Textured Terrain Data.......................................................................265Dai, Chenguang; Zhang, Yongsheng; Deng, Xueqing; Geng, Zexun

Pyramidal Approach Toward Merging Topographic Data from Different DTM Datasets ............................................................................................................................................270

Dalyot, Sagi; Doytsher, Yerach

Rigorous Sensor Modeling and Triangulation for OrbView-3.....................................................279de Venecia, Kurt J.; Paderes Jr., Fidel; Walker, A. Stewart

A Bold New Look at the National Spatial Data..............................................................................287DeLoatch, Ivan; Armstrong, Leslie; Stevens, Alan

New Photogrammetric Techniques Used in the 2003 Mars Exploration Rover Mission..............................................................................................................................................295

Di, Kaichang; Wang, Jue; Agarwal, Sanchit; Brodyagina, Evgenia; Yan, Lin; Li, Ron; Matthies, Larry H.

Combining Multispectral Imagery with Habitat Specific Elements to Locate Eastern Hemlock..............................................................................................................................306

Doucette, Jarrod; Stiteler, William, IV; Quackenbush, Lindi J.

A Comparative Study of Landsat 5 TM Landuse Classification Methods Including Unsupervised Classification, Artificial Neural Network and Support Vector Machine for Use in a Simple Hydrologic Budget Model ..............................................................311

Earls, Julie; Dixon, Barnali; Candade, Nivedita

Decision Based Data Fusion Techniques for the Analysis of Settlement Areas from Multisensor Satellite Data ......................................................................................................325

Ehlers, Manfred; Michel, Ulrich; Bohmann, Guido; Tomowski, Daniel

Stochastic Assessment of Terrestrial Laser Scanner Measurements to Improve Data Registration .............................................................................................................................333

Elkhrachy, Ismail; Niemeier, Wolfgang

A Region Quadtree Approach to Content Based Image Retrieval..............................................345Emerson, Charles W.; Chinniah, Sivagurunathan

Merging of Variable-Resolution Imagery Using Geostatistics and Sensor PSFS.....................356Erickson, Tyler; Michalak, Anna M.

Hyperspectral Aquatic Radiative Transfer Modeling Using Cluster Computing ......................365Filippi, Anthony M.; Bhaduri, Budhendra L.; Naughton, Thomas J., III; King, Amy L.; Scott, Stephen L.

Accident Reconstruction via Digital Close-Range Photogrammetry .........................................371Fraser, Clive S.

Precison Change Detection; Based on Knowledge-Based and Object-Oriented Satellite Image Analysis in Central Zimbabwe .............................................................................378

Gamanya, Ruvimbo; De Maeyer, Philippe; De Dapper, Morgan

Terrain Anomaly Reconstruction in a Single Fully Polarized SAR Data....................................391Ghayourmanesh, Shaheen; Zhang, Yun

The Effect of Vegetation Cover on Snow Cover Mapping from Passive Microwave Data ...................................................................................................................................................403

Ghedira, Hosni; Arevalo, Juan Carlos; Lakhankar, Tarendra; Khanbilvardi, Reza; Romanov, Peter

Using DEMs to Register Oblique Photographs and Web Cameras............................................411Guth, Peter L.; Craven, Tom

Urban Expansion in a Developed Coastal Region, China ...........................................................422Han, Ding; Renchao, Wang; Jia-ping, Wu; Bin, Zhou; Zhou, Shi; Li-xia, Ding

Techniques for Discrimination Between Agriculture and Similar Land Cover Types with Fuzzy Logic and Spectral Polygon Characteristics .................................................435

Hansen, David; Curlis, Chris; Simpson, Barbara

Performance Analysis of Autonomous Multi-Image Road Tracking ..........................................444Harvey, Wilson A.; Cochran, Steven D.; McKeown, David M.

Evaluation of City Environment with Vegetation Covers by Using Several Kinds of High-Resolution Satellite Images...................................................................................................456

Hashiba, Hideki; Tanaka, Sotaro; Sugimura, Toshiro

Estimating Daily Evapotranspiration for Forests in Atlantic Maritime Canada: Application of MODIS Imagery .......................................................................................................465

Hassan, Quazi K.; Bourque, Charles P.-A.

Photogrammetric Mapping of Mediterranean Defense Structures Using an Amateur Digital Camera, GPS and Theodolite..............................................................................476

Hatzopoulos, John N.; Vasilakos, Christos; Christofidis, Sevastos; Htouris, Sotoris; Loupou, Athina-Christiane

Locating Historical Features on Recent Imagery Using an Evolutionary Algorithm................486Hixson, Rachel; Brumby, Steven; David, Nancy; Edlund, Kim; Van Eeckhout, Ed

Integration of a Profiling Lidar with GeoSAR ...............................................................................496Hoffman, George R.

Geospatial Thermal Mapping with the Second Generation Airborne Firemapper® 2.0 and Oilmapper Systems............................................................................................................503

Hoffman, James W.; Grush, William H.; Riggan, Philip J.

Concept Assessment IFSAR Generated High Quality Digital Elevation Models ......................508Hogarty, Jim; Rodarmel, Craig; Johanesen, Todd E.

Object-Based Change Detection in High Resolution Image .......................................................518Hong, Gang; Zhang, Yun; Lavigne, Daniel A.

Mapping Spatial Variation in Surface Moisture Using Reflective and Thermal ASTER Imagery for Southern Africa ..............................................................................................523

Hossain, A.K.M. Azad; Easson, Greg; Boken, V.K.

Classification of Hyperspectral Images Using Wavelet Networks .............................................535Hsu, Pai-Hui

Subpixel Line Extraction Based on Blurred Edge Model and Adaptive Least Square Template Matching .............................................................................................................545

Hu, Xiangyun

Detection of Multiple Outliers by Random Robust Testing.........................................................551Hu, Yong; Gao, Yang; St-Onge, Benoit; Wang, Ruisheng

Locating Targets Under Perspective Projection with Genetic Algorithms and Tabu Search ...............................................................................................................................................563

Hu, Yong; Wu, Huayi; Wang, Ruisheng; St-Onge, Benoit

Detecting Ground Surface Movements with Differential INSAR Techniques............................575Huang, Yishuo; Lee, Cheng-Hsiu

VOLUME 2

Character Maps from Classified Satellite Images ........................................................................585

Hung, Ming-Chih

Tidal Wetland Classification from Landsat Imagery Using an Integrated Pixel-Based and Object-Based Classification Approach ......................................................................590

Hurd, James D.; Civco, Daniel L.; Gilmore, Martha S.; Prisloe, Sandy; Wilson, Emily H.

Geomorphometry from LIDAR DEMs; Issues of Scale and Comparison to Cartographic DEMs..........................................................................................................................601

Hyde, Jean; Guth, Peter L.

A Comparison of Inter-Analyst Differences in the Classification of a Landsat ETM+ Scene in South-Central Virginia ..........................................................................................613

Iiames, John; Congalton, Russell G.

Development of a Motion Imagery Quality Metric ........................................................................622Irvine, John M.; Fenimore, Charles; Cannon, David; Roberts, John; Israel, Steven A.; Simon, Larry; Miller, James; Avilés, Ana Ivelisse; Brennan, Michelle

The Utility of Hyperspectral Data on Exploration of Sandstone-Hosted Uranium Deposits............................................................................................................................................632

Jie-lin, Zhang

Road Tracking by Maximization of Mutual Information ...............................................................637Jin, Xiaoying; Paswaters, Scott; Davis, Curt H.

2005 NOAA International Remote Sensing Research ..................................................................645Johnson, Shawana P.; Loy, Sherry; Duffy, Linda

Automatic Urban Road Extraction from Digital Surface Model and Aerial Imagery .................654Jung, Wonjo; Kim, Wonkook; Youn, Junhee; Bethel, James

Piecewise Spatial Confaltion and Mergins of DTMs; Continuous Transition of Overlapping Zones ..........................................................................................................................664

Katzil, Yaron; Doytsher, Yerach

Precise Calibration of Fisheye Lens Camera System and Projection Model ............................673Kedzierski, Michal; Walczykowski, Piotr; Kaczynski, Romuald

Multi-Stage Hyperspectral Exploitation.........................................................................................678Keshava, Nirmal; Young, Mon; Gerber, Meredith; McGurrin, Rob; Peli, Tami

Fusion of Airborne Optical and LiDAR Data for Automated Building Reconstruction.................................................................................................................................688

Kokkas, Nikolaos; Dowman, Ian

Robust and Affine Invariant Image Fusion; ARC Algorithm and ArcGIS Plug-In .....................701Kovalerchuk, Boris; Kovalerchuk, Michael; Sumner, William

Three-Dimensional Mapping Using Both Airborne and Spaceborne IFSAR Technologies....................................................................................................................................710

Kuuskivi, Trina; Li, Xiaopeng

Rectification, Georeferencing, and Mosaicking of Images Acquired with Remotely Operated Aerial Platforms ..............................................................................................................722

Ladd, Gabriel B.; Nagchaudhuri, Abhijit; Earl, Tracy J.; Mitra, Madhumi; Bland, Geoffrey L.

Neural Network and Fuzzy Logic for an Improved Soil Moisture Estimation............................732Lakhankar, Tarendra; Ghedira, Hosni; Khanbilvardi, Reza

Spatial Mapping of Soil Moisture Using RADARSAT-1 Data.......................................................739Lakhankar, Tarendra; Ghedira, Hosni; Khanbilvardi, Reza

Separating Green and Senescent Vegetation in Very High Resolution Photography Using an Intensity-Hue-Saturation Transformation and Object Based Classification........................................................................................................................746

Laliberte, Andrea S.; Rango, Albert; Fredrickson, Ed L.

Mapping Whitebark Pine Distribution Throughout the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem ........................................................................................................................................754

Lisa Landenburger; Rick L. Lawrence; Shannon Podruzny; Charles C. Schwartz,

AMIR; A New Automated Multisensor Image Registration System ............................................764Lavigne, Daniel A.

Combining High Spatial Resolution LiDAR Data with Aerial Photography to Automate Individual Tree Measurements .....................................................................................775

Lee, Jun-Hak; Fisher, Joshua B.

Landsat ETM+ Sub-Pixel Analysis of Urban Landscape Using Fuzzy C-Means Clustering and Differentiated Impervious Surface Classes ........................................................784

Lee, Sangbum

Minimizing Ground Control When GPS Photogrammetry Isn’t Practical ..................................791Lembicz, Boguslaw W.

Seasonal Urban Thermal Patterns Based on Land Surface Temperatures Measured from ASTER Imagery .....................................................................................................804

Liu, Hua; Weng, Qihao

“And the Verdict Is?”; A Map Accuracy Assesment of Film Versus Digital Imagery in Support of Large Scale Photogrammetry for the Pennsylvania Department of Transportation..................................................................................................................................815

Loose, Michael; Shillenn, Michael

Building Model Reconstruction from Data Integration ................................................................821Ma, Ruijin

Comparing ASTER and Landsat 7 ETM+ for Change Detection .................................................828Mahmood, Taufique; Easson, Greg

Consideration and Comparison of Different Remote Sensing Inputs for Regional Crop Yield Prediction Model...........................................................................................................840

Mali, Preeti; O’Hara, Charles G.; Anantharaj, Valentine

Statistical Assessment of Geopositioning Estimates From Black-Box Geomatics Systems ............................................................................................................................................847

Marshall, John D.

Prediction of Skin Cancer Epidemiology for Decision Making Using Geostatistical Analyses ...........................................................................................................................................854

Massoomy, Zohreh; Mesgari, M. Saadi

Identification of Pertinent Regions in Spectro-Temporal Maps for Vegetative Target Detection...............................................................................................................................863

Mathur, Abhinav; Bruce, Lori Mann; Robles, Wilfredo; Madsen, John

Modeling, Visualizing, and Mining Hydrologic Spatial Hierarchies for Water Quality Management........................................................................................................................871

McGuire, Michael P.; Gangopadhyay, Aryya

Classifying Infrastructure Using Thermal IR Signatures.............................................................882McInerney, Michael; Trovillion, Jonathan; Lozar, Robert; Abdallah, Tarek; Majumdar, Arjun

Generalized Relevance Learning Vector Quantization For Classification-Driven Feature Extraction from Hyperspectral Data ................................................................................893

Mendenhall, Michael J.; Merényi, Erzsébet

Classification and Change Detection of Salt Cedar Through CASI-2 Hyperspectral Imagery in Lovelock, Nevada .........................................................................................................905

Miao, Xin; Heaton, Jill; Tracy, C. Richard

Integrated Remote Monitoring for Coastal Geohazards and Heritage Sites .............................915Miller, P.E.; Mills, J.P.; Edwards, S.J.; Bryan, P.; Marsh, S.; Hobbs, P.

A Unified System of Transformation Parameters for Combining Different Geodetic Networks in Egypt ...........................................................................................................926

Mina, Ehab

A New Index for the Differentiation of Vegetation Fractions in Urban Neighborhoods Based on Satellite Imagery .................................................................................933

Moeller, Matthias S.; Blaschke, Thomas

Genetic Programming as a Preprocessing Tool to Aid Multi-Temporal Imagery Classification....................................................................................................................................940

Momm, H.G.; Easson, Greg; Wilkins, Dawn

New Geometric Modeling and Workflow for the Airborne Digital Sensor (ADS40): A Fast, Efficient, Reliable and Highly Accurate Approach ..........................................................951

Morgan, Michel; Welter, John

Assessing Forest Fuel Models Using LIDAR Remote Sensing ..................................................962Mutlu, Muge; Popescu, Sorin

Mapping Potential Land Degradation in Bhutan ..........................................................................967Myint, Moe; Thinley, Pema

A Geometric Active Contour Model for Highway Extraction.......................................................976Niu, Xutong

Reconstruction of Buildings from Airborne Laser Scanning Data.............................................988Nizar, Abo Akel; Filin, Sagi; Doytsher, Yerach

Forest Monitoring with Remote Sensing; A Web Application for the Common User...............998Nunes, António; Caetano, Mário

Assessment of the Health and Resources of Bankhead National Forest, Alabama Using GIS and Remotely Sensed Data ........................................................................................1006

Nwaneri, Sam; Tadesse, W.

Land-Use Change Inputs to Ground Water Modeling ................................................................1013Olson Jr., Charles E.

Land Cover and Land Use Change Detection and Analyses in Plovdiv, Bulgaria, Between 1986 and 2000.................................................................................................................1017

Pangelova, Boriana; Rogan, John

Mapping and Spatial Characterization of Nonnative Grasses in the Big Island, Hawaii Using Hyperspectral Imagery...........................................................................................1028

Park, Sunyurp

Accuracy Investigation on Large Blocks of High Resolution Images......................................1035Passini, Ricardo; Jacobsen, Karsten

Detection and Classification of Plant Species Through SpecTIR Airborne Hyperspectral Imagery in Clark County, Nevada .......................................................................1047

Patil, Rohit; Miao, Xin; Heaton, Jill; Tracy, C. Richard

A Methodology for Integrating Images and Text for Object Identification ..............................1057Paulson, Patrick; Hohimer, Ryan; Doucette, Pete; Harvey, Wilson A.; Seedahmed, Gamal; Petrie, Gregg; Martucci, Lou

Modeling Flammability in Disturbed Tropical Forests Using an IKONOS Tasseled Cap Transform ...............................................................................................................................1066

Pereira, Gary M.

GPS and Geo-Wikis; Mapping for the People, by the People....................................................1080Ponnusamy, Thirumurugan

3D Point Locations Through the Use of Non-Metric Video Cameras and Photogrammetric Bundle Adjustment .........................................................................................1085

Pope, Paul; Stephens, John

Performance Evaluation for Aerial Images and Airborne Laser Altimetry Data Registration Procedures ...............................................................................................................1095

Pothou, Anna; Karamitsos, Spiros; Georgopoulos, Andreas; Kotsis, Ioannis

Use of Lidar Data to Aid in Discriminating and Mapping Plant Communities in Tidal Marshes of the Lower Connecticut River; Preliminary Results.......................................1108

Prisloe, Sandy; Wilson, Emily H.; Civco, Daniel L.; Hurd, James D.; Gilmore, Martha S.

Assessing the Performance of Different Direct-Georeferencing Strategies ...........................1116Qtaishat, K.S.; Smith, M.J.; Park, D.W.G.; Jamieson, A.

Investigating New Advances in Forest Species Classification; Establishing a Baseline ..........................................................................................................................................1125

Quackenbush, Lindi J.; Ke, Yinghai; Kroll, Charles N.

Detecting Waste Tire Piles Using High-Resolution Satellite Imagery and an Image Processing Model in Two Regions of California ........................................................................1137

Quinlan, Becky; Huybrects, Catherine; Schmidt, Cindy; Skiles, J.W.

Array Algebra Automation in Photogrammetry and Range Sensing .......................................1144Rauhala, Urho

VOLUME 3 Developing Geospatial Literacy Through Experiential Learning; A Close-Range Photogrammetry Module ..............................................................................................................1174

Richards, Heather M.; Arias, Veronica; van der Elst, Judith

Automatic Contour Line Generation Using Intermap’s Digital Terrain Model ........................1185Riegler, Gertrud; Hoeppner, Erik; Li, Xiaopeng

Real Time Processing of Hyperspectral Images ........................................................................1196Robila, Stefan

Synthetic Spotlight SAR Image Generation to Improve Geopositioning Accuracy ...............1204Rodarmel, Craig; Theiss, Henry J.; Johanesen, Todd E.

Using Digitized Spacecraft Film and a Revised Lunar Control Network for Photogrammetric Mapping ...........................................................................................................1216

Rosiek, Mark R.; Kirk, R.L.; Archinal, B.A.; Becker, T.L.; Weller, L.; Redding, B.; Howington-Kraus, E.; Galuszka, D.

Spatial Data Integration Through the New York Statewide Digital Orthoimagery Program ..........................................................................................................................................1228

Ruhren, Tim

Using LIDAR in Determining Forest Canopy Parameters..........................................................1233Rutledge, Alicia M.; Popescu, Sorin C.

Feasibility and Accuracy of MODIS 250M Imagery for Forest Disturbance Monitoring ......................................................................................................................................1238

Sader, Steven A.; Jin, Suming

Integration of Multiple Geo-Spatial Datasets ..............................................................................1244Safra, Eliyahu; Doytsher, Yerach

The Effect of Using Complete and Partial Forested FIA Plot Data on Biomass and Forested Area Classifications from MODIS Satellite Data ........................................................1252

Salajanu, Dumitru; Jacobs, Dennis M.

Clustering Based Planar Roof Extraction from Lidar Data .......................................................1262Sampath, Aparajithan; Shan, Jie

National Treasures - Data Preservation with Metadata..............................................................1268Shin, Sharon

GIS Applications for the Mississippi Cropland Data Layer, 1999-2006....................................1272Shore, Fred L.; Gregory, Thomas L.; Mueller, Rick

Strategies for Alternate Approaches for Vegetation Indices Compositing Using Parallel Temporal Map Algebra ....................................................................................................1285

Shrestha, Bijay; O’Hara, Charles G.; Younan, Nicolas H.

The Differential Superposition Method for Combining Imagery of Differing Sources and Resolutions..............................................................................................................1296

Siddiqui, Yusuf

Curvelet Techniques for Analyzing Radar Polarimetric Data ...................................................1304Simental, Edmundo; Guthrie, Verner

Image Texture; An Untapped Resource for Estimating Forest Biophysical Parameters? ...................................................................................................................................1313

Simpson, Catherine

Extraction of Different Buildings from LIDAR Data....................................................................1323Singh, Lakhwinder

Satellite Data Archive Development and Data Distribution to Promote Research and Applications in Wyoming ......................................................................................................1332

Sivanpillai, Ramesh; Driese, Kenneth L.

Static Horizontal Hyperspectral Scanning and Interpretation of Vertical Targets: Hydrothermal Alteration and Mineralization Along Geiger Grade, Nevada .............................1338

Smailbegovic, Amer; Anklam, Sean M.; Aslett, Zan B.; Peppin, William “Bill”; Weatherbee, Oliver

A Framework for Automated Rock Segmentation from the Mars Exploration Rover Imagery ................................................................................................................................1346

Song, Yonghak; Shan, Jie

Monitoring Hurricane Effects on Aquifer Salinity Using ALSM ................................................1353Starek, Michael; Sedighi, Ali

Automated Stand Delineation and Fire Fuels Mapping .............................................................1365Stefanacci, Jennifer

Image Analysis Using Elemental Operations and Genetic Algorithms....................................1372Stiteler, William, IV

Post-Fire Regeneration Assessment in Yosemite National Park .............................................1378Syfert, Mindy; Rudy, Jacqueline; Anderson, Lindsey; Cleve, Casey; Jenkins, Jeffery; Skiles, J.W.; Schmidt, Cindy

Applications for LIDAR “Imaging” ...............................................................................................1387Tack, Joseph; Graham, Lewis

Development of Cloud and Shadow Free Compositing Technique with MODIS QKM.................................................................................................................................................1395

Takeuchi, Wataru; Yasuoka, Yoshifumi

Calibration of Consumer Cameras in a Multimedia Environment ............................................1403Telem, Gili; Filin, Sagi

Enhancing Access and Use of Nasa Satellite Data via Terrafly................................................1413Teng, William; Rishe, Naphtali; Rui, Hualan

Mapping Urban Land Cover Using Quickbird NDVI Image and GIS Spatial Modeling for Runoff Coefficient Determination..........................................................................1421

Thanapura, Pravara; Helder, Dennis L.; Burckhard, Suzette; Warmath, Eric; O’Neill, Mary; Galster, Dwight

Independent Validation of Sensor Models in the Community Sensor Model Program ..........................................................................................................................................1433

Theiss, Henry J.; Johanesen, Todd E.

Automated Shadow Compensation in Color Aerial Images ......................................................1445Tsai, Victor J.D.

On GPS and GPS-RTK Assisted Aerotriangulation ...................................................................1453Tsai, Victor J.D.; Kao, Jr-Shih; Chen, Chun-Nan

Mapping Underground Infrastructure Using Photogrammetric Methods................................1463Tulloch, Mark; Hu, Wensong; Chapman, Michael; Tierney, Kevin

Management of Watersheds with Remote Sensing and GIS; A Case Study of River Niger Delta Region in Nigeria .......................................................................................................1475

Twumasi, Yaw A.; Merem, Edmund C.

MSEG; A Generic Region-Based Multi-Scale Image Segmentation Algorithm for Remote Sensing Imagery ..............................................................................................................1485

Tzotsos, Angelos; Argialas, Demetre

Quickbird Satellite Images Application to 1;10 000 Topographic Chart Actualization...................................................................................................................................1498

Walczykowski, Piotr; Kedzierski, Michal

Satellite Imagery Simulation by Means of Video Technology...................................................1507Walczykowski, Piotr; Kedzierski, Michal; Jasinski, Janusz

Sampling Designs Over Time Based on Spatial Variability of Images for Mapping and Monitoring Soil Erosion Cover Factor .................................................................................1514

Wang, Guangxing; Anderson, Alan B.; Gertner, George

3D Object Reconstruction from Non-Georeferenced Monocular Imagery...............................1528Wang, Ruisheng; Sohn, Gunho; Tao, Vincent; Li, Jonathan

Estimation of Root-Zone Soil Moisture Using MODIS-Derived NDVI in Semiarid and Humid Conditions ..................................................................................................................1540

Wang, Xianwei; Guan, Huade; Xie, Hongjie

Impacts of Land-Cover Change on the National Parks of the Northeast Temperate Network...........................................................................................................................................1551

Wang, Y.Q.; Nugranad, Jarunee; Bonynge, Gregory; Slinko, Christine; Shriver, Gregory; Mitchell, Brian

Use of a Spatially Weighted Multivariate Classification of Soil Properties, Terrain and Remote Sensing Data to Form Land Management Units ...................................................1563

Warren, Georgina; Metternicht, Graciela; Speijers, Jane

Sub-Pixel Land Cover Classification Using Support Vector Machines ...................................1575Watanachaturaporn, Pakorn; Arora, Manoj K.; Varshney, Pramod K.

Assessment, Prioritization, and Monitoring of an Ecosystem’s Environmental services;a Modeling Approach with Remote Sensing and GIS ................................................1585

Weissling, Blake P.

Spatial Characterization of Corn Tissue Phosphorus Utilizing Remote Sensing ...................1593White-Hansen, Susan; Hansen, David; Binford, Gregory

Range Condition as Input to Water Quality Monitoring in the Northern Plains ......................1599Wood, Eric C.; Wylie, Bruce K.; Brown, Jesslyn F.; Meyer, David J.; Maxwell, Susan; Reed, Bradley C.

Mapping Invasives Plants Using Hyperspectral Imagery, Classification Trees, and Classification Thresholds .............................................................................................................1607

Wood, Shana D.; Lawrence, Rick L.; Sheley, Roger L.

Analysis of Urban Land Use Change in the Las Vegas Metropolitan Area Using Multi-Temporal Satellite Imagery .................................................................................................1616

Xian, George; Crane, Mike; McMahon, Cory

Using Enterprise Grid Computing Technologies to Manage Large-Scale Geoimage and Raster Databases.................................................................................................1626

Xie, Jeffrey; Li, Zhun; Xu, Weisheng

Image Correction for Digital Mapping..........................................................................................1634Xin, Yubin

An Initial Study of Moving Target Detection Based on a Single Set of High Spatial Resolution Satellite Imagery.........................................................................................................1640

Xiong, Zhen; Zhang, Yun

Automatic 3D Building Extraction from Stereo Ikonos Images ................................................1649Xiong, Zhen; Zhang, Yun

Combined Spectral and Spatial Clustering with Agents ...........................................................1659Yoon, Taehun; Schenk, Tony

Mapping Impervious Surface Area Using High Resolution Imagery; A Comparison of Object-Based and Per Pixel Classification .............................................................................1667

Yuan, Fei; Bauer, Marvin E.

Remote Sensing of Vegetation Growth on a Restored Wetland ...............................................1675Zeledon, Esther; Kelly, Maggi; Tuxen, Karin

Automatic Terrain Extraction Using Multiple Image Pair and Back Matching ........................1680Zhang, Bingcai; Miller, Scott; DeVenecia, Kurt

The Utility of Hyperspectral Data on Exploration of Sandstone-Hosted Uranium Deposits..........................................................................................................................................1691

Zhang, Jie-lin

Automated Road Network Extraction from High Resolution Multi-Spectral Imagery ...........................................................................................................................................1696

Zhang, Qiaoping; Couloigner, Isabelle

A Fuzzy Logic Approach to Supervised Segmentation for Object-Oriented Classification..................................................................................................................................1706

Zhang, Yun; Maxwell, Travis

Vector Road Map Compression - A Prediction Approach .........................................................1717Zhang, Zongyu

An Integrated 3D GIS Data Extraction and Applications Based on High Resolution Imagery Technology ......................................................................................................................1728

Zhao, Yongping; Aiothman, Amani; Alhashash, Hanan; Kawiani, Mostafa

UAV Real-Time Data Processing Through Flight Trajectory and Resample Rate Analysis ..........................................................................................................................................1739

Zhou, Gouqing; Li, Chaokui

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Data Flow Processing For Natural Disaster Response........................................................................................................................................1746

Zhou, Gouqing; Wu, Jun

Extraction of Impervious Surface Area Using Orthophotos in Rhode Island .........................1754Zhou, Yuyu; Wang, Y.Q.

Aerial Image Matching Incorporating Object Recognition ........................................................1764Zhu, Hongwei; Scarpace, Frank L.

AUTHOR INDEX