EURASIP

NEWSLETTER

ISSN 1687-1421, Volume 16, Number 3, September 2005

European Associationfor Signal, Speech,and Image Processing

Newsletter, Volume 16, Number 3, September 2005

Contents

EURASIP MESSAGES

President’s Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

EURASIP Secretary-Treasurers Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

SHORT TUTORIALS

Content-Based Music Retrieval from a Pattern Recognition Perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

EURASIP (CO-)SPONSORED EVENTS

Calendar of Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Call for Papers: 5th International Conference on Technology and Automation . . . . . . . 21

Call for Papers: 12th International Workshop on Systems,Signals & Image Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Call for Papers: International Conference “Technical Computing Prague 2005” . . . . . . 23

Call for Papers: Second International Symposium on Communications,Control and Signal Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Call for Papers: 18-th Biennial International EURASIP Conference(BIOSIGNAL 2006) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Call for Papers: COGnitive systems with Interactive Sensors (COGIS’06) . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Call for Papers: 14th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO 2006) . . . . . . 28

Call for Papers: Fifth International Workshop on Information Optics (WIO-06) . . . . . 29

Call for Papers: 15th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO 2007) . . . . . . 30

Report on CBMI 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Report on 2005 IST Summit and ICC 2009 in Dresden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Report on the 47th International Symposium ELMAR-2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Report on WIAMIS’2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Report on 5th EURASIP Conference, EC-SIP-M 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

STUDENT ACTIVITIES

Recent European Ph.D. Theses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Postdoc Openings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

EURASIP JOURNALS

Signal Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Signal Processing: Image Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Speech Communication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems

EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

EURASIP JES Call for Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing

Abstracts of EURASIP JASP, Volume 2005, Issue 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

Abstracts of EURASIP JASP, Volume 2005, Issue 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Abstracts of EURASIP JASP, Volume 2005, Issue 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

Abstracts of EURASIP JASP, Volume 2005, Issue 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

EURASIP JASP Forthcoming Special Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85

EURASIP JASP Call for Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking

EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Abstracts of EURASIP JWCN, Volume 2005, Issue 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112

EURASIP JWCN Forthcoming Special Issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

EURASIP JWCN Call for Papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

EURASIP Book Series on Signal Processing and Communications

EURASIP Book Series on Signal Processing and Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Smart Antennas—State of the Art . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

UWB Communication Systems—A Comprehensive Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

Resource Allocation and Management over Wireless Networks:

Basics, Techniques, and Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

Signal Processing for the Acoustic Human-Machine Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138

Digital Fingerprinting for Multimedia Forensics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Advances on Nonlinear Signal and Image Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

Genetic and Evolutionary Computation for Image Processing and Analysis . . . . . . . . . . 141

How to Become a EURASIP Member . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142

EURASIP Membership Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

EURASIP MESSAGES

President’s Message

Most of us will receive and read this issue of the Newsletter in Antalya, duringEUSIPCO-2005. It is, thus, very tempting to announce with this message the launchingof two new EURASIP journals.

EURASIP Journal on Signal Processing and Bioinformatics, whose first Editor-in-Chiefwill be Professor Ioan Tabus from Finland, and EURASIP Journal on Multimedia and In-formation Security, whose first Editor-in-Chief will be Professor Benoit Macq, from Bel-gium. Both journals will be published using the Open Access (OA) publishing model. Thesetwo journals follow the EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems, which was just recentlylaunched, with Editor-in-Chief Professor Zoran Salcic from New Zealand. All three jour-nals address research and application areas of significant importance in today’s science andtechnology forefront.

Concerning our experiences with Open Access publishing; although it is still early toassess the results, so far the numbers are very encouraging. As an example, the EURASIPJournal on Applied Signal Processing, which has optional Open Access, has seen a dramaticrise in authors choosing this alternative. In 2003, only one author chose the OA option(Which was introduced late in the year). In 2004, there were 14 OA articles in JASP. Thisyear, more than 60 authors have chosen the Open Access option, which will account formore than 700 pages! The EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networkinghas seen similar success. Last year, EURASIP JWCN was converted to a full Open Accessmodel, and it has been growing steadily since then. This year, the journal is expected topublish its 100th article, which is quite a success for such a young journal.

Looking forward to seeing all of you in Antalya and having the chance to discuss withyou all of the above, as well as other challenging issues concerning EURASIP, our friendlyand dynamic society.

With the active participation of all of us, we can shape the future and leave our scientificstamp on today’s global happenings.

Sergios TheodoridisPresident

EURASIP MESSAGES

EURASIP Secretary-Treasurer’s Report:1st July 2004–30th June 2005

The opening balance on the 1st of July 2004 was as specified in the following table, in Euros(€).

The currency conversion considered (30th June 2005) was:

1CHF=0,64480 €

Opening balanceof 1st July 2004

Current accounts: EURO account 203.27€

CHF account 942.28€

USD account 152.66€

Total: 1,298.21€

Savings accounts: EURO Money Market account 52,880.03€

CHF Postal account 10,695.48€

Total: 63,575.51€

Total available 64,873.72€

Loans to be reimbursed: EUSIPCO-02 15,000.00€

EUSIPCO-04 15,000.00€

EUSIPCO-05 15,000.00€

NSIP-03 1.330.00€

Total: 46,330.00€

Total 111,203.72€

The EURASIP main account movements during the financial period considered are docu-mented in the following two tables, for income and expenses, respectively:

Income:

Membership (incl. Journal subscriptions) 37,313.53€

Donations/review charges: EUSIPCO-2002 21,750.00€

EUSIPCO-2004 19,944.00€

Total income: 79,007.53€

Reimbursed loans: EUSIPCO-2002 15,000.00€

NSIP-03 1,330.00€

EUSIPCO-2004 15,000.00€

Total 110,337.53€

EURASIP Secretary-Treasurer’s Report 3

Expenses:

Elsevier (various concepts) 12,644.60€

Hindawi (various concepts, incl. Newsletter) 37,386.30€

EURASIP Awards 3,762.47€

Web development 8,397.13€

Administrative expenses 5,240.19€

Taxes, bank costs, interests, currency conversions −246.12€

Total: 67,184.57€

Loans: ISMM’05 1,000.00€

EUSIPCO’2006 15,000.00€

Total: 16,000.00€

Total expenses 83,184.57€

During the period covered by this report the USD current account and the Postal savingsaccounts were closed, the money being transferred to EURO current account. The closingbalance on the 30th of June 2005 is as specified in the table below:

Closing balanceof 30th June 2005

Current accounts: EURO account 45,328.88€

CHF account 13,883.87€

Total: 59,212.75€

Savings accounts: EURO Money Market account 32,813.94€

Total available 92,026.69€

Loans to be reimbursed: EUSIPCO-05 15,000.00€

EUSIPCO-06 15,000.00€

ISMM-05 1.000.00€

Total: 31,000.00€

Total 123,026.69€

EURASIP AWARDS

Awards

Technical Achievements Award

Georgios B. GiannakisNominated by Sergios Theodoridis

For fundamental contributions in Statistical Signal Processing and Signal Processing for Com-munications.

Professor Giannakis is a truly exceptional researcher, teacher, and innovator. His in-terests and contributions include probability and statistics, time-series analysis, and sys-tem identification. He has played an important role in the expansion and enhancementof two broad areas: signal processing (e.g., non-Gaussian and non-stationary signal anal-ysis, higher-order statistics, and applications in seismic, sonar, radar, and synthetic aper-ture radar processing); and digital communications (synchronization, channel estimation,spread spectrum and multi-carrier communications, fading counter-measures, diversity,spatial multiplexing and space-time coding, ultra-wideband communications, and cross-layer network design).

In the course of about 20 years, Prof. Giannakis has written numerous ground breakingpapers on these subjects. His publication record constitutes a class of its own: not only interms of landmark papers and consistently high quality of every paper that he co-authors,but also in terms of sheer productivity. His credits include over 200 refereed journal papersin the most prestigious archival journals, plus over 360 refereed conference papers in themost prominent scientific conferences in his areas. Among his publication credits there are2 edited books, and 2 graduate textbooks currently in the final stages of preparation; plus14 contributed book chapters.

A few representative research highlights of his work are presented below:

• Higer-Order Statistics (HOS), System Identification (SID): His results had major im-pact and found successful application in a broad range of diverse fields: from seismicexploration, sensor arrays, and noise cancellers, to radar, sonar, speech, and imageprocessing.

• Optimal energy-compacting wavelets: In the early 90’s, Prof. Giannakis co-authoreda paper that constituted a paradigm shift in wavelet analysis: Taking wavelets fromthe deterministic to the stochastic regime, and deriving optimal energy-compactingwavelet bases (so-called principal component filterbanks) for sub-band analysis ofrandom signals.

• Spread Spectrum: Spread spectrum communication techniques, primarily in theform of direct-sequence code-division multiple access (CDMA), have permeatedthird generation wireless standards and fourth generation drafts. Prof. Giannakis andone of his PhD students came up with an innovative idea: they showed that, using ablock transmission and simple interleaving and de-interleaving, it is possible to main-tain orthogonality (and thus perfect separability) among the user transmissions, withonly single-user equalization at the receiver.

Awards 5

• Multicarrier Communications: Prof. Giannakis and his group also pioneered out-standing developments in multicarrier and space-time communications and mostnotably in code designs for maximum diversity transmission-reception that harnesstime-varying multipath fading to the communicator’s advantage.

• Ultra-Wideband (UWB) communications: More recently, Prof. Giannakis has beenengaged in cutting-edge research in UWB communications, a technology slated forthe wireless personal area network (WPAN) market. Prof. Giannakis and his studentshave contributed UWB synchronization algorithms that are the current state-of-art.

Meritorious Service Award

Peter M. GrantNominated by Ferran Marques

For fundamental activities in adaptive signal processing and CDMA and for continuous com-mitment with EURASIP in this last 10 years in almost all aspects from co-chairing EUSIPCO1994 to being the association President (2000–2002).

Peter Grant was born in Scotland in 1944. He graduated from Heriot-Watt University,Edinburgh BSc (Hons) in Electrical and Electronic Engineering in 1966 and received hisdoctorate from the University of Edinburgh (1972-1975). Initially, his research interestswere in SAW devices and in particular programmable analogue matched filters, employ-ing hybrid microelectronic switching matrices, for detecting phase coded waveforms. Hepioneered the application of these programmable devices as spread spectrum communica-tion receivers. He also made significant contributions to the design of SAW discrete Fouriertransform processors, for the realisation of fast, coherent, frequency hopped waveform syn-thesisers, and investigated their application to wideband signal analysis.

Throughout the 1980s he initiated and supervised studies on the design of digital adap-tive filters. This covered the use of linear tapped transversal, lattice, frequency domain “fastconvolution” and neural network based nonlinear equaliser techniques. This latter workhas investigated both Volterra series and radial basis function (RBF) structures. These su-pervised studies on linear and nonlinear adaptive filter based receivers have widespread ap-plications in interference cancellation and equalisation for communications systems rang-ing from speech-band data modems, spread spectrum systems, to line of sight digital mi-crowave radio-relay equipments.

With the resurgence of interest in civilian spread spectrum or code division multipleaccess (CDMA) systems he instigated the investigation of new receiver designs. The Edin-burgh group is recognised internationally for its pioneering contributions on CDMA multi-user detection techniques as they were one of the first groups to investigate this techniquethrough the design of signal dependent (adaptive) receivers. Also their contributions tocellular base-station array processing, through the use of advanced DSP techniques for re-ducing the spatial interference, are internationally recognised. In 2002 he was elected to theexecutive board of the Mobile VCE, the UK industry-academia collaborative programme inmobile systems research and, currently, he is the Head of School of Engineering & Electron-ics at the University of Edinburgh.

6 EURASIP Messages

Beyond, and maybe above all the previous points, Peter has actively contributed to thegrowth, the promotion and the management of our association. Therefore, the EURASIPAdCom wishes to honour Peter Grant for his merits and services with the medal for Meri-torious Service Award 2005.

European Group Technical Achievement Award

Micheal G. StrintzisNominated by Moncef Gabbouj

For significant contributions to the theory and application of digital filtering, image processing,and coding.

Prof. Strintzis is a truly exceptional researcher, teacher, and innovator. His formal train-ing is in electrical engineering, but his interests and contributions also include digital filtersanalysis and design, time-series analysis, probability and statistics. Prof Strintzis has madehighly significant contributions with profound impact in four areas of electrical engineer-ing: 1) Stability of two- and multi-dimensional discrete-time systems, 2) Coding of stereo-scopic, multiview and three-dimensional images, 3) Wavelet and filter-bank image coders,4) Content-based semantic multimedia content analysis. In the course of about 20 years,Prof. Strintzis and his Group have written numerous ground-breaking papers on these sub-jects. Their publication record is in a class of its own. These include over 90 refereed journalpapers in the most prestigious archival journals, plus over 230 refereed conference papers inthe most prominent scientific conferences in their areas, and all these only the last 8 years.This averages to 12 refereed journal papers per year. Their publication credits also include 1edited book, and 2 graduate textbooks; plus 8 contributed book chapters. It is very difficultto capture the breadth, depth, and impact of Prof. Strintzis Group’s contribution in a con-cise nomination. In the following, I shall provide a few representative research highlights ofthe Group.

Prof. Strintzis was named an IEEE Fellow in 2004, “For contributions to the theory andapplication of digital filtering and image processing and coding”. Each year, less than 0.1%of the IEEE membership can be elevated to the grade of Fellow. He is also a Member of theNew York Academy of Sciences and one of the four Greek scientists (and 1984 scientistsworldwide) awarded the IEEE Centennial Medal in 1984. In 1999, Prof. Strintzis receivedthe “Empirikion” award for research excellence in the Engineering field.

Prof. Strintzis is one of the most frequently-cited authors in his areas: a search in ScienceCitation Index expanded yields 270 citations. SCI only counts citations in journal papers. Itis worth mentioning that many of these citations come from some of the most prominentresearchers in his areas. There are also numerous publications (both journal papers andbooks) that cite the DeCarlo-Strintzis theorem. As another impact metric, Prof. Strintzishas served or is currently serving as principal investigator/project director for about €10million worth of competitive research funding. There are also numerous publications (bothjournal papers and books) that cite the DeCarlo-Strintzis theorem.

Prof. Strintzis’ Group is among the most well known scholars in their discipline. TheGroup is one of the top European engineering teams worldwide. Prof. Strintzis is truly aninspiring role model to his Group and aspiring European scientists and engineers, and aboost to the European pride.

Awards 7

BEST PAPER AWARDS

EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing (1 award annually)

The Journal on Applied Signal Processing Best Paper Award this year goes to:

Z. J. Wang, M. Wu, W. Trappe, and K. J. Ray Liu, “Group-Oriented Fingerprinting for Mul-timedia Forensics,” EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, 2004:14, 2153–2173.

For outstanding contributions to digital fingerprinting of multimedia data.

This paper describes a method for enhancing the collusion resistance performance offingerprinting systems using orthogonal modulation. A group oriented fingerprinting sys-tem is proposed that exploits a fundamental property of the collusion scenario and a well-controlled amount of correlations is introduced into user fingerprints, in order to improvecolluder identification. Additionally, a more flexible tree structure-based fingerprinting sys-tem is derived to represent the natural hierarchical relationships between users due to so-cial and geographic circumstances. An efficient and simple scheme for fingerprint designis derived, and a multistage colluder identification scheme proposed that exploits the hier-archical nature of the group-oriented system Performance criteria were analyzed to guidethe parameter settings during the design process. By exploiting knowledge of the dynamicsbetween groups of colluders, our proposed scheme illustrates a promising mechanism forenhancing the collusion resistance performance of a multimedia fingerprinting system.

Signal Processing (1 award annually)

The Signal Processing Best Paper Award this year goes to:

I. C. Sikaneta and J. -Y. Chouinard, “Eigendecomposition of the multi-channel covariancematrix with applications to SAR-GMTI,” Signal Processing, Vol. 84, No. 9, September 2004,pp. 1501–1535.

For outstanding contributions to SAR signal processing for ground moving target detection.

This paper presents and assesses new ground moving target indication (GMTI) detec-tors from multi-channel SAR data, leading to novel theoretical developments in the fieldof random matrices, and to new detection schemes (in particular, the so-called hyperbolicdetector) which are shown to outperform classical SAR-GMTI methods in the practicallyimportant case of heterogeneous terrain. The paper begins with an illuminating presen-tation of multi-channel SAR principles, along with the limitations of conventional GMTIdetectors. Then the authors propose new detection metrics based on the eigenvalue decom-position of the sensor array covariance matrix. These detectors are analyzed theoreticallyin a very rigorous way, yielding a set of new results on the joint distribution of eigenvaluesand eigenvectors of complex Wishart matrices. Based on these results, constant false alarmrate (CFAR) thresholds for all detectors are determined. In addition, the new methods areassessed on real data where they are shown to outperform conventional detectors in theimportant practical case of an heterogeneous terrain.

8 EURASIP Messages

Speech Communication (1 award every 2 years, this year)

The Speech Communication Best Paper Award, for the best paper published in the period2004-2005, this year goes to:

Julia Hirschberg, Diane Litman, Marc Swerts, “Prosodic and Other Cues to Speech Recog-nition Failures,” Speech Communication, 43(1-2): 155-176, 2004.

For outstanding contributions to Spoken Dialogue Systems.

The paper describes original and important work for improving spoken dialogue sys-tems. It is known that due to the fact that semantic dialogue knowledge is imperfect andincomplete and that automatic speech recognition systems often make errors, it is impor-tant to recover from failures due to these limitations. The paper contains new concepts,introduces new features, notably prosodic and other cues and provides useful solutions fordeveloping reliable applications.

Image Communication (1 award every 2 years, not this year)

Status: this award is not to be assigned this year. Next year the committee will have to assignthe award for the best paper published in the period 2004-2005.

SHORT TUTORIALS

Content-Based Music Retrieval froma Pattern Recognition Perspective

Aggelos Pikrakis

Department of Informatics, University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, 15784 Athens, GreeceEmail: pikrakis@di.uoa.gr

Sergios Theodoridis

Department of Informatics, University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, 15784 Athens, GreeceEmail: stheodor@di.uoa.gr

This paper presents an overview of the emerging field of content-based music retrieval (CBMR) froma pattern recognition perspective. Although CBMR is an interdisciplinary field, an attempt is made tohighlight those aspects that are closely related to pattern recognition. An overview of typical featuregeneration schemes from music recordings is first presented. In the sequel, a categorization of CBMRsystems into five main categories is attempted, namely: “query-by-example,” “musical genre classifica-tion,” “music summarization,” “instrument recognition,” and “tempo/music-meter tracking”. Towardthis categorization, a major effort was focused to resolve certain confusion, related to the terminologyused by various authors. In CBMR, being an interdisciplinary area, it is quite common to refer to thesame or similar tasks using different names.

1. Introduction

Content-based retrieval from music databases has recently attracted significant research in-terest. Large corpora of recorded music, that are already available over the Web, have high-lighted the need for content-based retrieval possibilities as well as automatic music annota-tion and indexing mechanisms, in order to circumvent limitations imposed by the classicalretrieval and indexing schemes that rely solely on text-based metadata. Automatic musicanalysis and retrieval is envisaged to be one of the main services to facilitate content distri-bution. Automatic musical genre classification, querying music databases by humming thetune of a song, and querying by example, that is, providing a music extract of short dura-tion in order to locate and retrieve the complete recording, are examples of services that areexpected to facilitate content distribution.

In order to address these goals, content-based music retrieval (CBMR) has recentlyemerged as an interdisciplinary field, attracting researchers with diverse research back-grounds. In the context of CBMR, various problems have already been addressed and havealready reached a level of maturity, while at the same time new ones come into the sceneand are being shaped. In this paper, we have made an attempt to review, from a patternrecognition perspective, the more mature tasks in the area of CBMR. The reason that a pat-ten recognition viewpoint has been adopted stems from the fact that a variety of pattern

10 Short Tutorials

recognition schemes lie in the core of the majority of approaches in CBMR. For exam-ple, “query-by-humming” systems usually employ dynamic time warping techniques andhidden Markov models for music similarity measurement; “musical genre classification”can be viewed as a typical pattern classification task and the same holds for “instrumentrecognition.” Toward this end, we present a categorization of CBMR systems into five keycategories, namely: “query-by-example,” “musical genre classification,” “music summariza-tion,” “instrument recognition” and “tempo/music-meter tracking.” It has to be noted thatthis is not a restrictive categorization. Our decision in favour of such a choice was drivenby the existing key papers in the field and the need to resolve certain terminology-relatedconflicts that are inherent in most emerging research disciplines. It must also be pointedout that this paper is not an exhaustive review of CBMR and where appropriate, referencesto key papers in the field are provided.

The paper is structured as follows: the next section is a brief overview of widely usedfeature generation schemes in the context of CBMR. As it is already known, a key stagein any pattern recognition system is the right choice of the features on which subsequentclassification techniques will operate. Each one of the remaining sections is devoted to aseparate category of systems, following the categorization that we have adopted. Finally,conclusions are presented in the last section.

2. Feature Extraction Techniques for CBMR Systems

This section presents the most widely used features for classification employed in CBMRsystems. Various feature combinations have been used by researchers depending on thespecific CBMR application field. Feature extraction schemes in CBMR typically follow ashort-time processing approach, in order to deal with the nonstationary statistical natureof music signals. The reader, who is familiar with speech processing applications, will im-mediately recognize that a number of features used in CBMR were originally developed forspeech processing applications. In addition, an increasing understanding of the psychoa-coustics of music perception has also led to the adoption of music-specific features, as is thecase when modeling musical timbre or human perception of pitch [1]. Early work by Wold[2] has proposed loudness, pitch, brightness, bandwidth, and harmonicity as critical audioparameters for the classification of short sounds to a predefined set of audio classes. Overthe years a number of features were added in the list [3, 4].

2.1. Spectral features

In an attempt to model musical timbre the following features have been proposed by a num-ber of researchers mainly in the context of musical genre classification [3] and instrumentrecognition [4].

• Spectral centroid: a measure of the spectral shape, with high values correspondingto “brighter” music sounds.

• Spectral rolloff : the frequency below which certain percentage (usually 85% or 90%)of the magnitude distribution of the spectrum is concentrated.

• Spectral flux: a measure of the local spectral change between successive frames.

CBMR From a Pattern Recognition Perspective 11

• Time-domain zero crossing rate: a measure of the noisiness of the signal.• Mel frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCCs): these are the well-known, from the

speech processing research, variants of the cepstral coefficients that take into accountthe pshychophysical evidence, which suggests that perception of the frequency con-tent of pure tones does not follow a linear scale [5].

• Bandwidth: the magnitude weighted average of the differences between the spectralcomponents and the centroid.

• Harmonicity: a measure of the deviation of the sounds line spectrum from a perfectlyharmonic spectrum.

2.2. Features related to pitch perception• Fundamental frequency. Harmonic signals, as is the case with the signals produced

from musical instruments or voiced speech segments, possess the distinct character-istic of fundamental frequency. For musical instruments, the fundamental frequencymay vary a lot and in some cases may not even be present in the frequency spec-trum, although the ear can have the ability to perceive it, by processing the informa-tion provided by the higher harmonics. Psychoacousticians, as well as musicologists,use the term “pitch” in order to define the perceived frequency by the ear, which, insome cases, may even be different from the fundamental one. Fundamental frequencytracking of music signals is not an easy task and a large number of techniques havebeen proposed in the published literature, especially in the case of monophonic mu-sic signals, e.g., [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]. Lately, multipitch tracking algorithms have also beenproposed [11, 12].

• The chroma vector. Based on early studies on the human perception of pitch [13],Wakefield proposed a 12-element representation of the spectral energy of a music sig-nal, known as the “chroma vector” [1, 14, 15]. Each element of the vector correspondsto one of the twelve traditional pitch classes (i.e., twelve notes) of the equal-temperedscale of the Western music. The chroma vector can encode and represent harmonicrelationships within a particular music signal. It is worth noticing that, using short-term processing of audio, a chroma vector can be easily computed for each frame,using the FFT coefficients. The resulting sequence of chroma vectors is known as thechromagram (as an analogy to the spectrogram).

2.3. Features related to the perception of rhythm

It has recently been acknowledged by a number of researchers that short-term processingof music signals can yield better results, if the length of the moving window is synchronizedwith the beat onsets that are extracted by a robust beat-tracking algorithm. This impliesthat the length of the moving window need not remain constant but rather follow the beatvariations. More generally, exploitation of the rhythmic structure of music, provided bytempo and music-meter tracking algorithms, is an added value for a number of CBMRapplications [3, 15, 16].

2.4. Other features• Loudness: the root mean-square (RMS) level measured in decibels, which is calcu-

lated by taking a sequence of windowed frames of the music signal and computing the

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square root of the sum of the squares of the windowed sample values. If desired, thefrequency response of the human ear can be taken into account by applying equal-loudness contours [2].

3. Query by Example

We have chosen to use the term “query by example” to describe a wide range of systems,which operate on the basis that a user provides an “example” in order to describe whathe/she is looking for. The example can be a hummed, sung, or whistled tune recorded bythe user, a melody performed on a MIDI keyboard, or even a music extract recorded from aradio program or a mobile device. Ideally, such systems should be able to perform matchingof any audio pattern, provided by the user, against a database of possibly polyphonic rawaudio streams. In other words, this is a typical pattern matching task. In the general case,this problem yet remains to be solved. However, a number of more restricted problems havereceived significant attention over the last decade and have actually been the seeds givingbirth to the first content-based music retrieval systems ever built [17, 18].

3.1. Query by humming/singing/whistling

The basic idea behind query by humming/singing/whistling systems is that a user may re-member part of a melody of a song, but is unable to identify which song this melody comesfrom. Therefore, the user hums, sings, or whistles a tune over a microphone and submitsthis tune to a database of recordings, in expectation of the identity of the song. Early work inthe field by Ghias [17] converted user’s input to a melodic contour (i.e., sequence of relativepitch transitions) by means of a fundamental frequency tracking algorithm. The contourwas actually mapped to a string in a 3 letter alphabet (U, D, and S characters). Additionally,for each recording in the database the most representative melody was manually convertedto a character sequence, following the same philosophy and was stored as metadata for therecording. Therefore, Ghias converted query-by-humming to a string matching problemand employed variations of the edit distance [19] in order to compute the best match.

The aforementioned approach highlights the fact that query by humming and its vari-ants actually match a monophonic melody (i.e., user’s input) against monophonic melodiesthat have been manually inserted in the database as metadata for the audio recordings.Therefore, researchers in the field have tried to improve both the front-end to such sys-tems (i.e., build robust pitch tracking front-ends for hummed input [20, 21]) as well as thematching procedure. To this end, standard hidden Markov models (HMMs [19, 22]) havebeen employed for the modeling of the melodies in the database [23] and dynamic timewarping algorithms have been proposed for the matching task [24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30].Variants of these techniques, based on measures and costs especially derived for musicsignals, in order to better exploit the specific nature of the input, have been proposed in[31, 32].

3.2. Melody spotting

In an effort to circumvent the need for metadata for each recording in the database, certainresearchers have proposed a different melody matching philosophy, when compared with

CBMR From a Pattern Recognition Perspective 13

“query-by-humming” systems. The idea is that the user’s input, that is usually provided insymbolic (e.g., MIDI like [33]) format, is modeled by a hidden Markov model. Each record-ing in the database is converted to a sequence of feature vectors by means of an appropriatefeature extraction scheme. Each feature sequence is then fed as input to the HMM andthe best-state sequence generated by a Viterbi algorithm is postprocessed in order to locateoccurrences of the pattern. This approach to the problem is described as “melody spot-ting” and has so far been used for locating monophonic melodies in databases consisting ofraw audio recordings, where each recording contains either instruments performing in solomode [34, 35] or ensembles of instruments where one of them has a leading role [36, 37].

3.3. Query by music fragment

We have used the term “query by music fragment” to refer to the problem of providing asinput to a CBMR system part of a music piece that has been recorded from a sound sourceon a recording device (e.g., a mobile phone). The recorded music fragment is treated as apattern and is submitted to a database of music recordings in order to return its identity.It has to be noted that this problem has so far attracted significant commercial interest.The challenge in this case is to address frequency and noise distortion due to the mediumover which audio transmission took place and due to the recording device. Early work inthe field [38] employed a problem-dependent feature extraction and pattern recognitionscheme to solve the task. More recent work [39] has experimented with the local maximaof the audio waveform as a feature stemming from the time domain and has used dynamicprogramming for audio matching.

4. Musical Genre Classification

Musical genre classification of audio signals refers to the problem of automatically classify-ing pieces of music to a hierarchy of musical genres [3]. Due to the subjective definition ofgenre taxonomies, musical genre classification is an ill-defined problem [3, 40], because hu-mans tend to create genre taxonomies driven by their cultural background. Despite this fact,there have been several attempts to develop genre classification schemes for a small num-ber of widely used musical genres, mainly for database indexing purposes, by treating theproblem from a pattern recognition perspective. To this end, Tzanetakis [3] has proposedthe extraction of a feature vector from the audio recording consisting of long-term averagesof timbral, melodic, and rhythmic features, including MFCC’s, spectral flux, spectral cen-troid, pitch and beat histogram, and so forth. The extracted feature vector is subsequentlytreated as a pattern and is classified to a hierarchical taxonomy of genres, each of which isrepresented as a cluster of features vectors stemming from selected audio recordings. Forthe classification stage, standard techniques are employed, such as the k-nearest neighbor-hood classifier. Other researchers, following a similar approach to the problem have usedsupport vector machines [41], neural networks, and vector quantizers for the classificationstage [40].

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5. Music Summarization

Music summarization is an emerging research discipline which aims at extracting “keyphrases” from an audio recording. A “key phrase” (or thumbnail) is usually defined as themost frequently repeated audio pattern of the recording. This is why in the literature theterm “repeated pattern finding” is often used alternatively. The extracted “key phrases” canbe subsequently used for indexing purposes in databases of audio recordings. Most reportedwork has focused on popular music, since this type of music possesses certain structure thatis easier to explore, that is, it usually alternates between verses and a repeated chorus or re-frain.

The vast majority of music summarization systems employs self-similarity analysis [42]in order to extract repeated patterns. Therefore, at a first step, a moving window techniquegenerates a sequence of feature vectors from the audio recording, with standard MFCCsand the chroma vector [15, 43, 44] being the most popular. The length and step of themoving window, although reported to have little effect on the success of the method, haveboth been a field of experimentation. Various researchers suggest that for popular music,with an approximately steady tempo, it is preferable to preprocess the audio recording witha beat-tracking algorithm and tune the moving window algorithm to the beat onsets [15].

In the second stage, the extracted feature sequence is used to generate a self-similaritymatrix (SSM) for the audio recording [45]. To this end, the Euclidean, cosine, and Maha-lanobis distance metrics have mainly been used [42, 45].

At a third stage, a number of researchers have focused on the information conveyed bythe diagonals of the SSM. This is because repeated patterns (i.e., similar audio segments)manifest themselves as consecutive low values in the diagonals of the similarity matrix.Therefore, by postprocessing a range of diagonals of the SSM, it is possible to locate similaraudio segments. In order to improve this methodology, dynamic time warping has also beenproposed [43, 44]. As an alternative to diagonal processing, the SSM content is turned intoan image and clustering techniques have been used in order to locate regions within theimage that correspond to “similar segments” [45, 46, 47, 48].

6. Instrument Recognition—Classification of Musical Instrument Timbres

Ideally, instrument recognition systems should be able to identify, given an audio stream,which instruments perform over a given time period. This is a general problem that yet re-mains to be solved. However, a simplified version of this problem has attracted the attentionof many researchers during the last five years. Specifically, given a sound stream consistingof a succession of isolated instrument tones (i.e., succession of musical instruments per-forming in solo mode), the challenge is to classify each isolated sound to the respectiveinstrument. This restricted version of the more general problem is also highly relevant withthe philosophy of the MPEG-7 family of protocols [49] for the description of audio content,that is, instrument labels are expected to be used as audio descriptors. By the way the prob-lem is defined, it is not a surprise that pattern classification techniques are again mobilizedin order to come with a solution.

CBMR From a Pattern Recognition Perspective 15

Before proceeding any further, it is important to notice that most systems in the field ex-plore the “timbre” of instrument tones as a means to achieve classification of sounds [4]. Inother words, it is assumed that different instruments possess distinct timbral characteristics.Therefore, it makes sense to model musical instrument timbres by means of appropriatelyselected features. Unfortunately, “timbre” is an ill-defined term. For example, the AmericanNational Standards Institute (ANSI) has defined timbre as “that attribute of auditory sensa-tion in terms of which a listener can judge that two sounds similarly presented and havingthe same loudness and pitch are dissimilar” [50]. In order to circumvent the inherent ill-definition of “timbre,” researchers have resorted to a number of spectrally derived featuresas an approximation to the notion of “timbre.” The proposed features include MFCCs, spec-tral centroid, inharmonicity, and so forth, [4, 51, 52, 53, 54]. These are extracted by meansof a moving window technique followed by an averaging operation over the entire instru-ment tone. This feature extraction scheme is usually preceded by a segmentation process,which aims at breaking the audio stream into a sequence of isolated tones.

Having extracted a feature vector from an instrument tone, the next step is to treatdistinct instrument timbres as classes and classify the unknown feature vector to the cor-responding instrument. To this end, a large number of pattern classifiers have been testedincluding variants of the classic bayesian classifier, k-nearest neighbours, support vectormachines, neural networks, and hidden Markov models. In a number of systems, principalcomponent analysis and related techniques have been employed in order to improve thequality of the selected features. The above methods have been used on diverse data sets,including orchestral and percussive instruments. Most researchers have reported promisingresults. For a recent review in the field, see [4, 53].

7. Tempo and music meter tracking

Since the early 90’s, several attempts have been made to create an algorithmic perceptionof rhythm. Early research has focused on tempo tracking of MIDI signals, [55, 56, 57, 58,59, 60]. The need to circumvent the limitations imposed by MIDI signals led to the de-velopment of several tempo and music meter tracking methodologies that were appliedon raw polyphonic audio. Goto and Muraoko [61, 62] focused on real-time beat trackingof popular music, assuming a tempo range of 61–120 bpm and music meter 4/4. Shceirer[63] introduced a tempo tracking approach that is independent of musical genre and doesnot demand a constant beat track. Foote [16, 45, 46, 64] investigated the properties of the“self-similarity matrix” and proposed the generation of the “beat spectrum” from audiorecordings. A comparative study of tempo trackers was given by Dixon in [65], who alsopresented a real-time tempo tracker capable of displaying tempo variations in an animateddisplay [66].

The majority of the above methods suggest that tempo and music meter appear as re-peating events (patterns) in the structure of a music piece [16, 67, 68, 69], therefore thechallenge is to reveal the respective periodicities by means of appropriate analysis.

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8. Conclusions

This paper has been an attempt to present the area of CBMR from a pattern recognitionperspective, acknowledging the fact that pattern recognition lies in the core of most systemsin the field. This viewpoint has permitted categorizing CBMR systems to five categories.Current trends in CBMR indicate that as the area matures, the demand for advanced patternrecognition techniques and methodologies will continuously increase.

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EURASIP (CO-)SPONSORED EVENTS

Calendar of Events

Year Date Event LocationEURASIPInvolvement

Chairperson/Information

2005 October15–16

5th International Conferenceon Technology and Automa-tion (ICTA05)

Athen,Greece

Cooperation Constantinos Batashttp://icta05.teithe.gr/

September22–24

12th International Workshopon Systems, Signals and ImageProcessing, IWSSIP05

Chalkida,Greece

Cooperation Stamatis Voliotishttp://www.teihal.gr/iwssip05/

November15

Humusoft05: InternationalConference Technical Com-puting Prague 2005

Prague, CZ Cooperation Ales Prochazkahttp://www.humusoft.cz/akce/matlab05/indexen.htm

2006 March13–15

2nd international Symposiumon Communications, Con-trol and Signal Processing,ISCCSP06

Marrakesh,Marocco

Cooperation Omar Fassi Fehrihttp://www.fsr.ac.ma/ISCCSP2006/

March15–17

Cognitive Systems with inter-active sensors (COGIS06)

Paris,France

Cooperation Roger Reynaudhttp://www.cogis06.org

June5–7

Fifth International Workshopon Information Optics

Toledo,Spain

Cooperation Gabriel Cristobalhttp://www.iv.optica.csic.es/WIO-06.html

June26–28

48th Intern. SymposiumELMAR06

Zadar,Croatia

Cooperation Mislav Grgichttp://www.elmar-zadar.org/

June28–30

18th international ConferenceBiosignal 2006

Brno,CzechRepublic

Cooperation Jiri Janhttp://www.dbme.feec.vutbr.cz/bs2006.html

August21–23

4th International Workshopon Total Least Squares andErrors-in-Variables Modeling

Leuven,Belgium

Cooperation Sabine Van Huffel,Ivan Markovskyhttp://www.esat.kuleuven.be/∼imarkovs/workshop.html

September4–8

14th European Signal Pro-cessing Conference (EUSIPCO2006)

Florence,Italy

Sponsor Marco Luisehttp://www.eusipco2006.org/

2007 September4–8

15th European Signal Pro-cessing Conference (EUSIPCO2007)

Poznan,Poland

Sponsor Marek Domanskihttp://www.multimedia.edu.pl

Markus RuppWorkshops/Confs Coordinator EURASIP

5th International Conference on Technology and Automation ICTA'05 15-16 October 2005 Thessaloniki, Greece

Dept. of AutomationTechn. Educ. Inst. of Thesaloniki

Call for Papers

The Department of Automation, Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki, Greece, organizes the 5th International Conference on Technology and Automation (ICTA’05), to be held in Thessaloniki, Greece, 15-16 October 2005. The conference is sponsored by the IEEE-Greek Section and IEEE-Control Systems Society-Greek Chapter, and it is held in cooperation with EURASIP (European Association for Signal-Image Processing). As stated in the title, this is the 5th in a row of a series of conferences held in Greece, the first one held back in 1996.

Scope: The scope of ICTA'05 is to bring together researchers from all over the world and to promote activities in various areas of control and automation by providing a forum for the presentation of technical achievements and future directions. Leading experts from all over the world participate in the International Program Committee. A number of prestigious journals, technical societies and associations are represented by their editors and chairmen.

Venue: Vellidion Conference Center, Thessaloniki,

Main Areas Automatic Control and Systems Modeling Intelligent Control Systems Robotics Automation, Instrumentation and Measurements Signal and Image Processing

website: http://icta05.teithe.gr

Important Dates 10 May 2005 Full paper submission deadline 20 June 2005 Notification of acceptance 15 July 2005 Camera-ready submission deadline

General Chair Constantinos Batas

Program Chair Panagiotis Tzionas

Editors Dimitris Manolakis Aristides Gogoussis

International Program Committee

Job van Amerongen, Univ. of Twente, The Netherlands Panos Antsaklis, Univ. of Notre Dame, USA Jim Bezdek, Univ. of West Florida, USA Abdess. Bouzerdoum, Univ. of Wollongong, Australia Denis Dochain, Univ. Catholique de Louvain, Belgium Paolo Dario, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Italy Gintautas Dzemyda, Inst. of Math. and Inf., Lithuania Behrouz Farhang-Boroujeny, Univ. of Utah, USA Mo Jamshidi, Univ. of New Mexico, USA Toshio Fukuda, Nagoya Univ., Japan Brian Johnson, Univ. of Idaho, USA Nicos Karcanias, City Univ., London, U.K. Derong Liu, Univ. of Illinois, USA Vitor Nascimento, Univ. of Sao Paolo, Brazil Bradley Nelson, ETH Zurich, Switzerland Thomas Parisini, Univ. of Trieste, Italy Gabor Peceli, Tech. Univ. of Budapest, Hungary Marios Polycarpou, Univ. of Cyprus, Cyprus Joe Qin, Univ. of Texas, Austin, USA Markus Rupp, Tech.Univ. of Vienna, Austria Dierk Schroeder, Tech.Univ. of Muenchen, Germany Bruno Siciliano, Univ. di Napoli Federico II, Italy Zidong Wang, Brunel Univ., U.K.

Hong Wang, UMIST, Manchester, U.K. Lipo Wang, Nanyang Technol. Univ., Singapore John Andreadis, Democritus Univ. of Thrace, Greece Yiannis Boutalis, Democritus Univ. of Thrace, Greece George Chamilothoris, Tech. Educ. Inst. Piraeus, Greece George Chasapis, Aristotle Univ. of Thessaloniki, Greece Manolis Christodoulou, Techn. Univ. of Crete, Greece Nikos Constantinides, Tech. Educ. Inst. of Thess. Greece Robert King, Univ. of Patras, Greece Stamatis Manesis, University of Patras, Greece Basil Mertzios, Tech. Educ. Inst. of Thessaloniki, Greece Simira Papadopoulou, Tech. Educ. Inst. of Thessal, Greece Paraskevas Paraskevopoulos, NTU, Athens, Greece Stavros Perantonis, Nat. Centre Sci. Res., Athens, Greece Vasilis Petridis, Aristotle Univ. of Thessaloniki, Greece Loukas Petrou, Aristotle Univ. of Thessaloniki, Greece Ioannis Pitas, Aristotle Univ. of Thessaloniki, Greece George Stavrakakis, Techn. Univ. of Crete, Chania, Greece Basil Tourasis, Democritus Univ. of Thrace, Greece Panos Trahanias, Univ. of Crete, Heraklion, Greece Antonis Vardoulakis, Aristotle Univ. of Thess., Greece Spyros Voutetakis, Chem. Process Engin. Res. Inst., Greece

Contact Information 5th Int. Conf. on Technology and Automation (ICTA'05) Dept. of Automation Technological Educational Institute of Thessaloniki 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece tel.: (+30) 2310 791 291, 2310 791 288 fax.: (+30) 2310 791 291, 2310 791 425 email: infoicta@teithe.gr, website: http://icta05.teithe.gr

Paper Submission Authors should submit their full papers electronically in PDF format in English language. Six camera-ready pages in IEEE two-column format, including figures, tables and references are allowed for each paper. Author guidelines and sample papers can be found at the conference site

ORGANIZING COMMITTEEGeneral ChairStamatis Voliotis, Greece

General Co-ChairTheodore Zahariadis, Greece

Program ChairDimitrios Karras, Greece

Publicity ChairPanos Liatsis, UK

Financial ChairIoannis Statharas, Greece

Tutorials ChairMarek Domański, Poland

Special Sessions ChairMislav Grgic, Croatia

Proceedings ChairDimitrios Bargiotas, Greece

MembersKosmas Kouroumbas, GreeceChristos Manasis, GreeceNikolaos Katevas, GreeceAntonios Baldoukas, Greece

PROGRAM COMMITTEEL. Chariglione, ItalyP. Cristea, RomaniaZ. Cucej, SloveniaM. Domanski, PolandB. Doshi, USAT. Ebrahimi, SwitzerlandK. Fazekas, HungaryM. Grgic, CroatiaS. Grgic, CroatiaU. Heute, GermanyA. K. Katsaggelos, USAD. Kazakos, USAP. Liatsis, UK R. Lukac, CanadaB. Mertzios, GreeceF. Pereira, PortugalI. Pitas, GreeceP. Podhradský, Slovak RepublicK.R. Rao, USAG. Rozinaj, Slovak RepublicR. Schaefer, GermanyM. Sonka, USAB. Šimák, Czech RepublicR. Stasinski, PolandM. Tekalp, USAJ. Turán, Slovak RepublicK. Wajda, PolandN. Zervos, GreeceM. Zorzi, ItalyB. Zovko-Cihlar, Croatia

September 22-24, 2005 - Chalkida, Greece

CALL FOR PAPERSThe 12th International Workshop on Systems, Signals and Image Processing, IWSSIP'05 is organised by the TEI of Chalkida, Greece, in co-operation with the IEEE, the IEEE Signal Processing Society, the IEE and the EURASIP. IWSSIP'05 is an International Workshop on the theoretical, experimental and applied signal and image processing techniques and systems which brings together researchers and developers from both academia and industry to report on the latest scientific and theoretical advances, to discuss and debate major issues and to demonstrate state-of-the-art systems. The IWSSIP'05 Program will also include a variety of special sessions and tutorials devoted to recent and important developments in the field.

SCOPE 1. Signal Processing - Adaptive DSP algorithms; Filter Bank Theory; Spectrum Estimation and Processing; Non-linear Systems; Digital Transforms; Multidimensional Signal Processing. 2. Technologies. Neural Networks; Fuzzy Systems; Expert Systems; Genetic Algorithms; Pattern Recognition; Data Fusion. 3. Multimedia Content Processing: Speech Processing & Recognition, Audio Enhancement, Image Representation and Modelling, Image Restoration and Enhancement, Colour & 3D Vision, Image and Video Analysis, Watermarking, New Media. 4. Multimedia Data Compression: Speech and Audio Compression, Image and Video Coding, Scalable Techniques, Standards. 5. Multimedia Systems: Multimodal Interfaces, Networked Multimedia, Seamless Audiovisual Networks, Multimedia Services; Multimedia Servers; Multimedia Streaming, Wireless and Mobile Multimedia, Universal Multimedia Access, Right Protection and Management. 6. Metadata and Media Abstracts, Content Description, Audiovisual Databases. 7. Implementations. Analog/Digital Circuits & Systems for Audio, Image & Video Processing; Architectures and VLSI Hardware, Programmable Signal Processors, Real-time Software. 8. Applications: Bioinformatics, Broadcasting, Communications, Digital Production, Medical; Robotics; Speech; Television; Telepresence, e-learning; Virtual Reality.

SUBMISSION PROCEDUREProspective authors are invited to submit original research papers in any of the technical areas listed above. They should submit their full paper in English, including the summary of the accomplishments and the significance of the contribution. Submission should include in a separate sheet the author(s) name(s) and affiliation(s); the contact author should be identified by providing his/her mail and e-mail address, telephone and fax numbers. All papers will be fully peer reviewed. Hardcopy and electronic submission, along with www uploading are available. For more information please visit the official IWSSIP05 Site: http://www.teihal.gr/iwssip05Accepted papers will be published in the IWSSIP’05 Proceedings. At least one author of each accepted paper must register for the conference and present the contribution. After further peer reviewing, selected papers will be proposed for publication in special issues of scientificjournals.

SCHEDULE Deadline for submission of full papers: May 23, 2005Notification of acceptance mailed out by: June 27, 2005Speakers and Early Registration deadline: July 4, 2005Deadline for submission of camera-ready papers: July 11, 2005Registration deadline: August 12, 2005

CONFERENCE SITE IWSSIP’05 will be held at LUCY HOTEL, 10 Voudouri Av., GR-34100 Chalkida, Greece Information:http://www.teihal.gr/iwssip05 and iwssip05@teihal.gr

IWSSIP'0512th International Workshop on Systems, Signals & Image Processing

Technological Educational Institute of Chalkida

International Conference Technical Computing Prague 2005

November 15, 2005, Prague, Czech Republic

Congress Center of the Czech Technical UniversityMasarykova college, Thákurova 1, Prague 6, CZ

http://www.humusoft.cz/akce/matlab05/indexen.htm

The conference aim is to present the latest developments andapplications of advanced software tools in technical computation, dataanalysis, modelling and simulation.

The conference will provide a forum where engineers and researchersfrom both industry and academia share their experience. Papers willcover applications of MATLAB, Simulink and FEMLAB in a diverserange of disciplines.

Authors are invited to submit original papers describing recent workrelated to the conference suggested topics.

The conference proceedings will consist of printed AbstractProceedings and CD-ROM Proceedings with full papers andpresentations in electronic form - each author has 5MB of disk spaceallocated.

Please send your paper abstracts and full papers by email to theconference address at: conference@humusoft.com in PDF format.

Requirements for all proceedings submissions:

Languages: English, Czech, SlovakPage size: A4 Length: Abstracts - 1 page Full Papers - 5 MB Format: PDF, all fonts included,

filename = author's last name Margins: top and bottom 2cm left and right 2,5cm Title of paper: Capitals, 12pt, Bold, centered Author names: Centered beneath the Title, plain Italics Author affiliations: Centered beneath author names, normal fontOther contact information can be placed at the end of an article(address, email, phone etc.)

Abstract Submission Deadline: September 18, 2005.Notification of Acceptance: September 30, 2005.Paper Submission Deadline: October 9, 2005.

Conference partners: Media partners:

Conference topics

Methods and algorithms, analysis,modelling and simulation in:

• Control Engineering• Video and Image Processing• Applied Mathematics and Physics• Communication Technology• Chemical Technology• Medical Applications• Data Acquisition & Interpretation• Multiphysics Modelling• Structural Computation• Biotechnology• Earth Science and the Environment• Finance

Conference Committee

Prof. Cleve Moler, The MathWorks, USAProf. Aleš Procházka, VSCHT Praha, CZBertil Walden, Comsol, SERóbert Bartko, TnU A.D., SKMartin Foltin, STU Bratislava, SKJan Houška, Humusoft, CZPetr Byron, Humusoft, CZ

CALL FOR PAPERS

For further information, check theconference Web pagehttp://www.humusoft.cz/akce/matlab05/indexen.htmor contact:

HUMUSOFT s.r.o.Pobřežní 20186 00 Praha 8Czech Republic

Tel. +420 284 011 730Fax +420 284 011 740E-mail conference@humusoft.com

Network of excellence on IT

FIRST CALL FOR PAPERS Second International Symposium on

Communications, Control and Signal Processing

Kenzi Farah Hotel, Marrakech, Morocco March 13-15, 2006

http://www.fsr.ac.ma/ISCCSP2006/

Symposium Organizing Committee

Honorary Chair Omar Fassi Fehri

General Co-Chairs

Driss Aboutajdine, Morocco Sanjit K. Mitra, USA

Mohamed Najim, France

Technical Program Co-Chairs Moncef Gabbouj, Finland

Janah Saadi, Morocco

Special Sessions Co-Chairs Jao Hespanha,USA Urbashi Mitra, USA

Ali Sayed, USA

Finance Chair Mohamed Zyoute, Morocco

Publicity Co-Chairs Eric Grivel, France

Abdellah Adib, Morocco

Publication Co-Chairs Ioan Tabus, Finland

Rachid Oulad Haj Thami, Morocco

Local Arrangements Co-Chairs

Abdellah Ait Ouhmane, Morocco M’hammed Bakrim, Morocco,

The 2006 International Symposium on Communications, Control and Signal Processing (ISCCSP ’06) will be held at the KENZI FARAH Hotel, Marrakech, Morocco. Its purpose is to be a forum for technical exchange among scientists, with common interests in control, communications and signal and image processing. Marrakech is one of the four Imperial Cities of medieval Morocco and belongs to UNESCO patrimony. We also hope every participant will have an opportunity to discover the fascinating city of Marrakech. SCOPE: The technical program will include invited plenary lectures, regular technical sessions, and special sessions covering the three major tracks: Control, Communications and Signal & Image Processing. CONFIRMED PLENARY SPEAKERS:

K. Diepold, Germany N.S. Jayant, USA V. Kucera, Czech Republic. M. A. Lagunas, Spain. R. Schultz, USA M. Vetterli, Switzerland.

SCHEDULE: Electronic submission of the four-page paper: Sept. 19, 2005 Notification of acceptance: Nov. 18, 2005 Final version due Dec. 23, 2005 Registration due: Feb. 1, 2006

For up-to-date information and paper submission, please visit the Symposium web site. Please note that, at least one author of each accepted paper must register.

Technical program committee in Control

L. Giarre, Italy R. Guidorzi, Italy J. Hespanha, USA M. Jamshidi , USA M. Khammash, USA S. Menani, Finland M. Msaad, France Z. Vukic, Croatia M. Zribi, Kuwait

Communications

H. Abdel Nour, Palestine A. F. Almutairi, Kuwait S. Benedetto, Italy G. Fettweis, Germany N. Fliege, Germany R. Hamila, UAE M. Jaidane, Tunisia K. B. Letaief, Hong Kong S. Saoudi, France D. Slock, France L. Tong, USA J. Vidal, Spain

Signal & Image Processing A. Beghdadi, France Z. Belhaj, Tunisia B. Boashash, Australia J. M., Chassery, France A. Delbimbo, Italy B. Grosky, USA S. Hemami, USA T. Jurij, Slovenia M. Kunt, Switzerland Ph. Loubaton , France F. Pereira, Portugal A Sbihi, Morocco A. Tewfik, USA M. Viberg, Sweden

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Conference Chairman Prof. Jiří Jan Department of Biomedical Engineering Brno University of Technology

Organiser Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology

Co-sponsor EURASIP - European Association for Speech, Signal and Image Processing

Technical Co-sponsor IEEE - Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society

Collaborating Institution Czech Society for Biomedical Engineering and Medical Informatics

International Program Committee I. Bajla, Slovakia E. R. Carson, United Kingdom G. Christé, France J. Cmíral, Czech Republic J. L. Coatrieux, France D. Evans, United Kingdom H.-J. Hein, Germany U. Heute, Germany J. Jan, Czech Republic D. Levický, Slovakia J. P. Marques de Sá, Portugal I. Provazník, Czech Republic C. A. Swenne, The Netherlands J. Šimurda, Czech Republic N. V. Thakor, United States E. Tkacz, Poland R. Vích, Czech Republic J. Zvárová, Czech Republic

Local Organising Committee I. Provazník (chairman), J. Jan, J. Kozumplík, J. Bardoňová, P. Fedra R. Kolář, R. Jiřík

Conference Secretariat BIOSIGNAL 2006 Conference Department of Biomedical Engineering Brno University of Technology Kolejní 4 61200 Brno, Czech Republic tel. (+420) 541 149 562 fax. (+420) 541 149 542 E-mail: bs2006@feec.vutbr.cz

CCAALLLL FFOORR PPAAPPEERRSS

CONFERENCE PROFILE A. Measurement and Interpretation of Physiological Signals B. Medical Imaging and Image Analysis C. Signal Based Modelling and Simulation in Biomedicine D. Multimedial Data in Clinical Decision Making E. Education in Biomedical Engineering/Medical Informatics

The conference should give a forum for information exchange among theoreticians, engineers, and medical people. Original pa-pers, research results, and contributions concerning interesting technical solutions will be appreciated as well as clinical experiences and survey lectures for presentation in A, B, C, and D sessions. The development in curricula for graduate and postgraduate students of biomedical and clinical engineering and of medical informatics will be discussed in E session. There will be also a possibility for poster presentation in all sessions. The conference will be open to contribu-tions from related fields.

STUDENT PAPER COMPETITION The Student Paper Competition will provide opportunities for gradu-ate and doctoral students to present their work to a panel of experts and to get special recognition from the biomedical engineering community.

CONFERENCE VENUE The conference will be held in Brno, Czech Republic, in the central part of Europe. Brno is situated in a picturesque countryside and represents the centre of the province of Moravia. The city of Brno official information source can be found on http://www.brno.cz.

INFORMATION SOURCES Prospective participants may get the information by E-mail at bs2006@feec.vutbr.cz. On-line registration, updates on confer-ence news and technical program information will be provided con-tinuously on http://www.dbme.feec.vutbr.cz/bs2006.html.

IMPORTANT DATES today till December 1, 2005 on-line registration December 1, 2005 extended abstract deadline June 28, 2006 conference opening

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14th European Signal Processing Conference

EUSIPCO 2006 September 4-8, 2006, Florence, Italy

European Associationfor Signal, Speech and

Image Processing

General Chairman Marco Luise

University of Pisa, Italy m.luise@iet.unipi.it

Technical Program ChairmanFulvio Gini

University of Pisa, Italy f.gini@iet.unipi.it

Special Sessions and Plenary Talks

Giovanni Sicuranza University of Trieste, Italy sicuranz@univ.trieste.it

Helmut Bölcksei ETH Zürich, Switzerland

boelcskei@nari.ee.ethz.ch

Tutorials Ercan E. Kuruoğlu

CNR, Pisa, Italy kuruoglu@isti.cnr.it

Publications Maria S. Greco

University of Pisa, Italy m.greco@iet.unipi.it

Luca Fanucci CNR, Pisa, Italy

l.fanucci@iet.unipi.it

Local Arrangements Filippo Giannetti

University of Pisa, Italy f.giannetti@iet.unipi.it

Arianna Morelli University of Pisa, Italy

arianna.morelli@iet.unipi.it

Publicity G. Tong Zhou

Georgia Tech, USA gtz@ece.gatech.edu

Romano Fantacci University of Florence, Italy fantacci@lenst.det.unifi.it

US Liason Georgios B. Giannakis University of Minnesota, USA

georgios@ece.umn.edu

Exhibits & Awards Fabrizio Berizzi

University of Pisa, Italy f.berizzi@iet.unipi.it

Secretariat and Registration D.G.M.P. srl

info@dgmpincor.it tel. +39 050 879740 fax +39 050 879812

Best Student Paper Awards There will be a student paper contest. Student authors who appear as first authors in a paper may enter the student paper contest.

Submission Procedures to submit a paper, proposals for special sessions/tutorials, can be found at www.eusipco2006.org. Submitted papers must be camera-ready, final, no more than four pages long all inclusive and conforming to the format specified on the EUSIPCO web-site above.

Important Dates

Proposals for Special Sessions and Tutorials: December 02, 2005 Submission of Full papers: January 20, 2006 Notification of Acceptance: April 07, 2006 Submission of Camera-Ready Papers and Registration: May 05, 2006

www.eusipco2006.org

• Audio and Electroacoustics • Design and Implementation

of Signal Processing Systems • Image and Multidimensional Sig-

nal Processing • Multimedia Signal Processing • Signal Detection and Estimation • Sensor Array and Multichannel

Processing • Signal Processing for Communi-

cations

• Speech Processing • Education in Signal Processing • Nonlinear Signal Processing • Medical Imaging and Image

Analysis • Signal Processing Applications

(Biology, Geophysics, Seismic, Radar, Sonar, Remote Sensing, Astronomy, Bio-informatics, Positioning etc.)

• Emerging Technologies

CALL FOR PAPERS The 2006 European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO-2006) is the four-teenth in a series of conferences promoted by EURASIP, the European Associa-tion for Signal, Speech, and Image Processing (www.eurasip.org). Formerly bian-nual, this conference turns for the second time into a yearly event. This edition will be organized by the University of Pisa in the Palazzo dei Congressi, at the very heart of Florence, the capital of Italian Renaissance.

EUSIPCO-2006 will focus on the key aspects of signal processing theory and ap-plications as listed below. Exploration of new avenues and methodologies of signal processing will also be encouraged. Accepted papers will be published in the Pro-ceedings of EUSIPCO-2006. Acceptance will be based on quality, relevance and originality. Proposals for special sessions and tutorials are also invited.

Areas of Interest

WORKSHOP Co-chairs G. Cristobal, CSIC, Spain B. Javidi, Univ. Connecticut (USA) S. Vallmitjana, Univ. Barcelona (Spain) LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS G. Bueno (Spain) PROGRAM COMMITTEE P. Andres (Spain) H.H. Arsenault (Canada) A. Beghdadi (France) B. Beferull (Spain) J. Campos (Spain) L. Cohen (USA) S. Cuenca (Spain) M. Desco (Spain) B. Escalante (Mexico) C. Ferreira (Spain) J. Flusser (Czech Rep.) L. Galleani (Italy) N. Garcia (Spain) J. Hernández-Andres (Spain) M. Keil (Spain) P. Loughlin (USA) J. Lopez (Spain) T. Lourens (Japan) S. Marcos (Spain) M. S. Millán (Spain) D. Nelson (USA) H. Neumann (Germany) I. Pratikakis (Greece) D. Psaltis (USA) P. Refregier (France) A. Santos (Spain) J. Sheridan (Ireland) F. Sroubek (Czech Rep) B. Suter (USA) L. Torres (Spain) J. Villanueva (Spain) W. Williams (USA) M. J. Yzuel (Spain) CONFERENCE

ANAGEMENT M Univ. Castilla la Mancha WEB ADMINISTRATOR Univ. Castilla la Mancha SPONSORS IEEE (Spanish Section) EURASIP

Fifth International Workshop on Information

Optics (WIO-06) June 5-7, 2006

Toledo, Spain Edificio Universitario de San Pedro Mártir

Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha CALL FOR PAPERS

http://www.iv.optica.csic.es/WIO-06.html The 2006 Workshop on Information Optics (WIO-06) will be a forum for scientific interaction and collaboration between well known scientists in the field and educational outreach to students. This workshop will feature keynote addresses, technical presentations and special sessions that will be included in the registration. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

• Time-frequency time-scale representations • Fractional Fourier optics • Wavelets, multiwavelets and complex wavelets • Gabor functions. Overcomplete representations • Theoretical developments. Basis function design • Fast algorithms. Special purpose hardware • Denoising, detection and classification • Image segmentation and texture analysis • Image formation. Optical sensing. Optoelectronic devices. Optical computing and

trapping. Non-linear optics. • Microscopy, image deconvolution, image fusion, superresolution, 3D imaging. • Distributed wireless sensors. • Applications such as: pattern recognition, computer vision, information security, aerial

surveillance, video, biomedical, etc Paper submission

Prospective authors are invited to submit extended summaries of no more than eight (8) pages including results, figures and references (PostScript or PDF format). Paper will be accepted only by electronic submission through the conference web site. A cover sheet with the author names and affiliations is also requested, with the complete address of corresponding author and abstract (200 words). Prospective authors are expected to present their paper at the Workshop. The style guides and templates for the 6x9 inch Proceedings volume will be available from the web site of the publisher (to be announced soon).

Proposal for special sessions WIO-06 will include a number of special sessions. Proposal for special sessions must include title, rationale, description, session chairs, list of authors that agreed to present a paper in the session and abstract of each paper. Proposal for special sessions should be submitted to wio-06@optica.csic.es before December 15, 2005.

IMPORTANT DATES Paper submission: Jan 15, 2006 Notification of acceptance: March 1, 2006 Camera-ready manuscript: April 1, 2006 Registration: May 15, 2006

ABOUT THE VENUE Toledo is one of the Spanish cities with the greatest wealth of monuments. Known as the "city of the three cultures", because Christians, Arabs and Jews lived together there for centuries, behind its walls. Toledo preserves an artistic and cultural legacy in the form of churches, palaces, fortresses, mosques and synagogues. The city of Toledo has its origins in Toletum, the name the Romans gave to this settlement on the banks of the River Tagus after its conquest in 190 BC. The old city is located on a mountaintop, surrounded on three sides by a bend in the River Tagus. Today, San Pedro Martir Church is home to the seat of the University of Castilla-La Mancha. It was once a Dominican convent which extended all along San Clemente street and San Pedro Martir street. A highlight of the interior of the building is the royal cloister, a work by Alonso de Covarrubias, and which was the prototype of the patios built in Toledo during the mid-16th century.

EURASIP (CO-)SPONSORED EVENTS

Report on CBMI 2005

Following the three successful previous events of CBMI (Toulouse, France 1999, Bres-cia, Italy 2001 and Rennes, France 2003), Tampere University of Technology organized CBMI2005 from 21st to 23rd June. In order to open up to our new EU neighbouring memberstates, it was decided to hold CBMI 2005 in the beautiful city of Riga, the capital of Latvia.The election of the workshop venue, the Reval hotel, was a success since it offers mod-ern meeting facilities and it is conveniently located few minutes walk from Riga’s old city.Moreover, during the dates of the workshop, the Summer Solstice celebration Lido tookplace, which allowed the attendees to participate in several local celebrations.

As for the technical program, 71 papers were submitted to the CBMI 2005, out of which49 were accepted after peer review. These papers were gathered into 6 oral sessions and 2poster sessions. In addition to the regular sessions, CBMI 2005 featured two special sessions.The first day there was a special session devoted to the MUSCLE Network of Excellencewhile the second day there was a special session presenting part of the research being carriedout in COST 292. Both sessions include regular and invited papers.

In the CBMI 2005 programme, four invited plenary talks were included: three technicalones covering different aspects of the most relevant problems in content-based multimediaindexing by Professors Fernando Pereira, Edward Delp and Dr. Henri Sanson and a fourthtalk dealing with the policy of the European Commission in the INFSO/E.2 area “Knowl-edge and Content Technologies” by Dr. Stefano Bertolo.

During the workshop banquet, the best paper award was presented. The awarded paperwas “Indexing and querying drum loops databases” by Olivier Gillet and Gal Richard (GETENST). In addition, it was announced that, after having analyzed the three different bids,CBMI 2007 will take place at Bordeaux and will be organized by Professor Benois-Pineau.

32 EURASIP (Co-)Sponsored Events

The organizing committee wishes to thank all authors for submitting their work toCBMI 2005 and members of the technical committee for their time and efforts in reviewingthe papers. Our special thanks are due to our invited speakers Professors Fernando Pereira,Edward Delp and Dr. Henri Sanson and Dr. Stefano Bartolo. We thank Professors Benois-Pineau, Bouthemy and Izquierdo for organizing the special sessions. We wish to thank ourlocal hosts Professors Glaz and Zaiceva as well as Ms. Jekaterina Bule, and our local team atTUT, Mari Partio, Esin Guldogan and Virve Larmila. The assistance of SuviSoft Team withthe technical program and the CD-ROM proceedings is gratefully acknowledged. Finally,the Chairman wishes to thank the members of the Organizing Committee, especially,Jenny, Patrick, Bernard and Ricardo for their valuable help during the organization of theworkshop.

Moncef Gabbouj, Jaakko Astola; CBMI 2005 Co-ChairsFerran Marques; CBMI 2005 Technical Program Chair

EURASIP (CO-)SPONSORED EVENTS

Report on 2005 IST Summit andICC 2009 in Dresden

Having recently gained the leading position in Europe’s semiconductor industry, Dresdennow took a major step towards positioning itself as a centre of excellence for mobile com-munications. From June 19 to 23, the chair hosted the IST Mobile and Wireless Communi-cations Summit.

Gerhard Fettweis at the opening ceremony.

More than 300 scientific contributions from 34 countries and sessions and workshopswith more than 700 participants fueled an extensive exchange about latest developmentsand research in the world of mobile communications.

It was a diverse summit, with numerous tutorials, panels, special sessions, workshops,and a small yet broad exhibition featuring some 40 exhibitors from projects, companiesand research institutions. The summit helped in identifying trends for wireless research ingeneral, and it gave directions for the European framework programme in particular.

Panel discussion on B3G/4G activities (V. Brankovic, A. de Albuquerque,

W. Mohr, Y. K. Kim, M. Kremling, G. Fettweis).

34 EURASIP (Co-)Sponsored Events

Of particular interest were future wireless communications standards (Do we need asuccessor of UMTS, and how will it be done?), the trend towards simplification of devicesand services, and the internet access via DVB networks.

We are grateful to the European Commission for their active role in making the ISTSummit in Dresden possible. The IST Summit has become a truly large international con-ference, but at the same time it remained what is has been since its inception in Nuremberg14 years ago: The most important event and platform for all European research initiativesin the wireless and satellite domain. We would like to thank Dr. Joao da Silva, Dr. Jorge M.Pereira and Francisco Guirao for their strong and consistent commitment in bringing theconference to Dresden.

The Vodafone Chair exhibiton booth.

The event was strongly supported by Vodafone, Siemens, TES Electronic Solutions, Er-icsson, Radioplan, Atmel, Signalion, Lufthansa, and numerous international bodies - thankyou!

We would also like to thank all members of the Technical Programme Committee andour reviewers for working so hard towards a solid technical programme.

Last not least it was the city and its unique, charming atmosphere that contributed tothe success of the conference . . .

We now look forward to hosting the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Commu-nications (ICC 2009) in Dresden, and again we will be happy to welcome you!

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Gerhard FettweisPatrick Herhold

Reiko Schlager

EURASIP (CO-)SPONSORED EVENTS

Report on the 47th International SymposiumELMAR-2005 focused on Multimedia Systems andApplications, 8–10 June 2005, Zadar, Croatia

The 47th International Symposium ELMAR-2005 focused on Multimedia Systems andApplications was organised by the Croatian Society Electronics in Marine, Zadar, Croatia,together with Department of Radiocommunications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering andComputing, University of Zagreb, Croatia, during 8th, 9th and 10th of June 2005.

ELMAR-2005 symposium was organized in cooperation with The European Associa-tion for Signal, Speech and Image Processing - EURASIP. Symposium took place under thetechnical co-sponsorship of IEEE Signal Processing Society, IEEE Region 8 and IEEE Croa-tia Section. As every year, ELMAR-2005 symposium was supported by Tankerska plovidbaZadar.

The ELMAR-2005 symposium programme consist of one keynote talk, three plenarytalks, and 16 sessions, where 95 papers written by 231 authors were presented. The authorsof the papers presented in ELMAR-2005 symposium are prominent researchers from 30different countries. Overall, more then 60% papers are from abroad.

The keynote talk was given by Professor Kalman Ziha from the Faculty of Mechani-cal Engineering and Naval Architecture of the University of Zagreb. He presented recentresearch on boat design and boat building. First plenary talk was given by Professor Mo-hammed Ghanbari from the University of Essex, United Kingdom, on video transmissionover mobile networks. Second plenary talk was given by Professor Luis Torres, Technical

36 EURASIP (Co-)Sponsored Events

University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain, on face recognition. Third plenary talk was givenby Professor Fernando Pereira, Instituto Superior Tecnico - Instituto de Telecomunicacoes,Portugal, on new MPEG-21 standard.

As every year, social events were organized to offer a further opportunity to discussboth technical and non-technical subjects between attendees. First event was guided Zadarcity sightseeing, visit to museum and concert in old St. Donat church, and the second eventwas boat excursion to one of the beautiful islands.

Mislav GrgicELMAR-2005 Program Chair

mgrgic@ieee.org

EURASIP (CO-)SPONSORED EVENTS

Report on WIAMIS’2005

(Prof. Touradj Ebrahimi during the welcome session).

The Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) and SwissMedia success-fully organized the 6th International Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia InteractiveServices (WIAMIS’2005) on April 13–15 in Montreux, Switzerland. WIAMIS is one of themain international fora for the presentation and discussion of the latest technological ad-vances in interactive multimedia services. The workshop brings together researchers anddevelopers from academia and industry working in all areas of image, video and audio ap-plications, with a special focus on analysis.

WIAMIS’2005 saw a record attendance of more than 150 researchers from academiaand industry, the largest attendance ever for WIAMIS. While most participants were fromEurope, the United States, China, Japan and South Korea were also represented. We re-ceived 135 submissions, of which 50 were invited. To ensure the scientific quality of theworkshop, all submissions were reviewed with the help of more than 130 experts. The 50invited contributions were part of 9 special sessions on topics including video surveillance,real-time object tracking, mixed and virtual reality, media security, universal media access,3D reconstruction and rendering, semantic analysis, personalized knowledge systems andmultimodal analysis. Of the remaining 85 submissions, 60 were accepted for oral or posterpresentation, for an acceptance rate close to 70%.

Besides the technical program, breakfast round-tables were organized every morning,giving participants the opportunity to brainstorm and exchange ideas on various interestingtopics leading to lively discussions.

The Technical Program Committee has selected the organizers of the 2006 and 2007editions, which will take place in South Korea and Greece, respectively.

Prof. Touradj Ebrahimi and Dr. Frederic Dufaux, EPFLChairs of WIAMIS’2005

EURASIP (CO-)SPONSORED EVENTS

Report on 5th EURASIP Conference focused onSpeech and Image Processing, MultimediaCommunications and Services, EC-SIP-M 2005,Smolenice Castle, Slovakia

The 5th EURASIP Conference focused on Speech and Image Processing, MultimediaCommunications and Services, EC-SIP-M 2005 has been organized by the Slovak Universityof Technology in Bratislava, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology,Department of Telecommunications together with Slovak Academy of Sciences, Instituteof Molecular Biology and Telecommunication Users Group of Slovakia, under auspices ofthe European Association for Speech, Signal and Image Processing - EURASIP in the pic-turesque place of Smolenice Castle from June 29th to July 2nd 2005.

After reviewing process, the International Program and Review Committees have se-lected 76 from 104 submitted papers. The amount of 58 articles has been chosen for oralpresentation and 18 contributions for poster session. The number of the submitted papershas been influenced by the fact that EURASIP has organized since this year the EUSIPCOconference annually. The conference participants become not only from European coun-tries, but also from Asia, America and Africa. We have obtained proposals from 18 coun-tries. Two keynote speakers, Prof. Branka Zovko-Cihlar from the University of Zagreb andProf. Jiri Jan from the University of Brno presented invited papers at the conference.

With a great pleasure we can announce that the quality of submitted papers was on avery high level. We express our gratitude to all authors for their contribution and confidenceto the conference EC-SIP-M 2005.

The next conference EC-SIP-M 2007 will be held in Maribor, Slovenia from June27–July 1, 2007 under supervision of Prof. Zarko Cucej from the University of Maribor(http://ec2007.feri.uni-mb.si/).

Pavol Podhradsky, General ChairGregor Rozinaj, Program Chair

STUDENT ACTIVITIES

Recent European Ph.D. Theses

Title: Security Issue and Collusion Attacks in Video WatermarkingInstitution: Eurecom Institute / Universite Nice Sophia-Antipolis, FranceAuthor: Gwenael DoerrAdvisor: Jean-Luc DugelayDate: 10th June 2005Link: http:/ecwww.eurecom.fr/ doerr/phd2005.pdf

Please send details of recent Ph.D. theses in the above format for publication in futureNewsletters to Jonathon Chambers, e-mail: chambersj@cf.ac.uk.

Jonathon ChambersEURASIP AdCom Academic Coordinator

STUDENT ACTIVITIES

Postdoc Openings

Postdoctoral Positions at ISR-Lisbon

The Associated Laboratory ISR-Lisbon

The Institute for Systems and Robotics, ISR-Lisbon, offers three postdoctoral research po-sitions in the field of Robotic Monitoring and Surveillance.

ISR-Lisbon is a research institute of the Instituto Superior Tecnico, the oldest and largestschool of Engineering in Portugal. ISR-Lisbon has a long standing tradition of researchand development and offers a modern and enthusiastic research environment with stronginterdisciplinary and international links. Responsibilities of successful candidates includeproject work and research, publication of research results, supervision of student projects.The working language is English.

The successful candidate will receive a competitive salary in accordance with the uni-versity regulations for a senior researcher, with an annual gross income starting at 42,220€.The contract offered will have duration of up to 3 years, renewed yearly based on mutualagreement.

Applicants

Applicants should have obtained a PhD in Electrical and Computer Engineering, ComputerScience, or other areas related to the domain of research of the ISR Lisboa Associated Lab-oratory. Candidates should have a high quality research record, know-how and researchexperience in the following areas:

C1. Mobile robotics, multi-robot systems, navigation, control and mapping.C2. Computer Vision (tracking, 3D reconstruction) image processing, pattern recogni-

tion and learning.C3. Vision based control and servoing, visuo-motor coordination (biological inspira-

tion), computer vision, and learning.

The successful candidates are expected to do research in these fundamental disciplines andcontribute to R&D deliverables in “Search and Rescue,” “Visual Surveillance,” “3D recon-struction,” and the “Robotic Assistant.”

For more information, consult

http://www.isr.ist.utl.pt/∼jasv/temaB

or contact Prof. Jose Santos-Victor, E-mail: jasv@isr.ist.utl.pt.

How to Apply

By email to secretariado@isr.ist.utl.pt with the following information:- Identification of the candidate- Curriculum Vitae/resume- Letters of Reference- Statement of purpose for the period of the contract

Deadline: 11th July 2005.

EURASIP JOURNALS

SIGNAL PROCESSING

Editorial Policy

Signal Processing is an interdisciplinary journal presenting the theory and practice of signalprocessing. Its primary objectives are the following:

• dissemination of research results and of engineering developments to all signal pro-cessing groups and individuals;

• presentation of practical solutions to current signal processing problems in engineer-ing and science.

The editorial policy and the technical content of the journal are the responsibility of theEditor-in-Chief and the Editorial Board. The journal is self-supporting from the subscrip-tion income and contains a minimum amount of advertisements. Advertisements are sub-ject to the prior approval of the Editor-in-Chief. The journal welcomes contributions fromevery country in the world.

Scope

Signal Processing incorporates all aspects of the theory and practice of signal processing(analogue and digital). It features original research work, tutorial and review articles, andaccounts of practical developments. It is intended for a rapid dissemination of knowledgeand experience to engineers and scientists working on signal processing research, develop-ment, or practical application.

Subjects

Subject areas covered by the journal include: Signal Theory; Stochastic Processes; Detectionand Estimation; Spectral Analysis; Filtering; Communication Signal Processing; BiomedicalSignal Processing; Geophysical and Astrophysical Signal Processing; Earth Resources SignalProcessing; Acoustic and Vibration Signal Processing; Signal Processing Systems; SoftwareDevelopments; Image Processing; Pattern Recognition; Optical Signal Processing; Multidi-mensional Signal Processing; Data Processing; Remote Sensing; Signal Processing Technol-ogy; Speech Processing; Radar Signal Processing; Sonar Signal Processing; Special SignalProcessing; Industrial Applications; New Applications.

Editor-in-Chief

Murat Kunt, Laboratoire de Traitement des Signaux, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lau-sanne, Ecublenz CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

EURASIP JOURNALS

SIGNAL PROCESSING: IMAGE COMMUNICATION

Editorial Policy

Signal Processing: Image Communication is an international journal for the development ofthe theory and practice of image communication. Its primary objectives are the following:

• to present a forum for the advancement of the theory and practice of image commu-nication;

• to simulate cross fertilization between areas similar in nature which have traditionallybeen separated, for example, various aspects of visual communications and informa-tion systems;

• to contribute to a rapid information exchange between the industrial and academicenvironments.

The editorial policy and the technical content of the journal are the responsibility of theEditor-in-Chief and the Editorial Board. The journal is self-supporting from the subscrip-tion income and contains a minimum amount of advertisements.

Advertisements are subject to the prior approval of the Editor-in-Chief. The journalwelcomes contributions from every country in the world.

Scope

Signal Processing: Image Communication publishes articles relating to aspects of design,implementation, and use of image communication systems. Signal Processing: Image Com-munication features original research work, tutorial and review articles, and accounts ofpractical developments.

Subjects

Subject areas covered by the journal include: TV, HDTV, and 3DTV systems; Visual Sci-ence; Image; TV and Advanced TV; Broadcasting; Image Storage and Retrieval; GraphicArts; Electronic Printing; Image Transmission; Interactive Image Coding Communication;Imaging Technology; Display Technology; VLSI Processors for Image Communications.

Editor-in-Chief

Murat Tekalp, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, 204 HopemanBld River Campus, Rochester, NY 14627-0126, USA

EURASIP JOURNALS

SPEECH COMMUNICATION

Editorial Policy

The journal’s primary objectives are the following:

• to present a forum for the advancement of human and human-machine speech com-munication science;

• to stimulate cross fertilization between different fields of this domain;• to contribute towards the rapid and wide diffusion of scientifically sound contribu-

tions in this domain.

Speech Communication is an interdisciplinary journal whose primary objective is to fulfillthe need for the rapid dissemination and thorough discussion of basic and applied researchresults. In order to establish frameworks of inter-relate results from the various areas of thefield, emphasis will be placed on viewpoints and topics of a transdisciplinary nature. Theeditorial policy and the technical content of the journal are the responsibility of the Editorsand the Institutional Representatives. The Institutional Representatives assist the Editors inthe definition and the control of editorial policy as well as in maintaining connections withscientific associations, international congresses, and regional events. The Editorial Boardcontributes towards the gathering of material for publication and assists the Editors in theeditorial process.

Scope

Speech Communication is an interdisciplinary journal for the development and dissemi-nation of all basic and applied aspects of speech communication processes. Speech Com-munication features original research work, tutorial and review articles dealing with thetheoretical, empirical, and practical aspects of this scientific field.

Subject Coverage

Subject areas covered in this journal include:

• Basics of oral communication and dialogue: modelling of production and perceptionprocesses; phonetics and phonology; syntax; semantics of speech communication;cognitive aspects.

• Models and tools for language learning: functional organisation and developmen-tal models of human language capabilities; acquisition and rehabilitation of spokenlanguage; speech and hearing defects and aids.

• Speech signal processing: analysis; coding; transmission; enhancement, robustness tonoise.

• Models for automatic speech communication: speech recognition; language identifi-cation; speaker recognition; speech synthesis; oral dialogue.

44 EURASIP Journals

• Development and evaluation tools: monolingual and multilingual databases; assess-ment methodologies; specialised hardware and software packages; field experiments;market development.

• Multimodal human-computer interface: using speech I/O in combination withmodalities, for example, gesture and handwriting.

Editors-in-Chief

Renato De Mori, Universite d’Avignon, Laboratoire d’informatique, chemin des Menajaries339, 84911 Avignon Cedex 9, France

Julia Hirschberg, Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, 1214 AmsterdamAvenue, M/C 0401, 450 Computer Science Building, New York, NY 10027, USA

Yoshinori Sagisaka, Weseda University, GITI 29-7 Building, 1-3-10 Nishi-Waseda,Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan

EURASIP JOURNALS

EURASIP JOURNAL ONAPPLIED SIGNAL PROCESSING

Scope

The overall aim of EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing (EURASIP JASP) is tobring science and applications together with emphasis on practical aspects of signal pro-cessing in new and emerging technologies. It is directed as much at the practicing engineersas at the academic researchers. EURASIP JASP will highlight the diverse applications of sig-nal processing and encourage a cross fertilization of techniques. All papers should attemptto bring theory to life with practical simulations and examples. Tutorial articles on topicsof interest are also welcomed. EURASIP JASP employs paperless, electronic review processto foster fast and speedy turnaround in review process.

There are two different issues: regular issues and special issues. The regular issues publishcollections of papers without special solicitation. The special issues have specifically aimedand targeted topics of interest contributed by authors responding to a particular Call-for-Papers or by invitation, edited by invited guest editor(s). Regular papers can be submitted atany time, while special issue papers can be submitted only based on planned schedules andsubmission guidelines of the Call-for-Papers. Proposals for special issues can be submitteddirectly to the Editor-in-Chief.

Subjects

Subject areas include, but are by no means limited to:

• Signal processing theory, algorithm, architecture, design, and implementation• Speech processing, coding, compression, and recognition• Audio signal processing, coding, and compression• Image/video processing, coding, compression, restoration, analysis and understand-

ing, and communications• Multimedia signal processing and technology• Signal processing for communications and networking• Statistical and adaptive signal processing• Nonlinear signal processing techniques• Signal processing design tools• Signal processing for security, authentication, and cryptography• Analog signal processing• Signal processing for smart sensor and systems

46 EURASIP Journals

Application areas include, but not limited to: communications; networking; sensors andactuators; radar and sonar; medical imaging; biomedical applications; remote sensing;consumer electronics; computer vision; pattern recognition; robotics; fiber optic sens-ing/transducers; industrial automation; transportation; stock market and financial analysis;seismography; avionics.

Indexed/Abstracted In

The articles of the EURASIP JASP are reviewed/indexed in Acoustics Abstracts; Computerand Communications Security Abstracts (CCSA); CompuMath Citation Index; CurrentContents: Engineering, Computing & Technology; Engineering Information database; IN-SPEC; Mathematical Reviews; Science Citation Index Expanded; Technology and Manage-ment (TEMA); and Zentralblatt fur Mathematik.

Editor-in-Chief

Marc Moonen, Department of Electrical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven,ESAT-SISTA, Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium

EURASIP JOURNALS

EURASIP JOURNAL ON WIRELESSCOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

Scope

The overall aim of EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking(EURASIP JWCN) is to bring science and applications together on wireless communica-tions and networking technologies with emphasis on signal processing techniques and tools.It is directed at both practicing engineers and academic researchers. EURASIP JWCN high-lights the continued growth and new challenges in wireless technology, both for applicationdevelopment and basic research. Papers should emphasize original results relating to thetheory and/or applications of wireless communications and networking. Tutorial papers,especially those emphasizing multidisciplinary views of communications and networking,are also welcomed. EURASIP JWCN employs a paperless, electronic submission and evalu-ation system to promote a rapid turnaround in the peer review process.

The journal publishes two types of issues: regular issues and special issues. Regular issuespublish collections of papers without special solicitation. The special issues feature specifi-cally aimed and targeted topics of interest contributed by authors responding to a particu-lar Call-for-Papers or by invitation, edited by invited guest editor(s). Regular papers can besubmitted at any time, while special issue papers can be submitted only based on plannedschedules and submission guidelines of the Call-for-Papers. Proposals for special issues canbe submitted directly to the Editor-in-Chief.

Subjects

Subject areas include, but are by no means limited to: Ad hoc networks; Channel mod-eling and propagation; Detection, estimation, and synchronization; Diversity and space-time techniques; End-to-end design techniques; Error control coding; Iterative techniquesfor joint optimization; Modulation techniques (CDMA, OFDM, multicarrier, spread-spectrum, etc.); Multiuser, MIMO channels, and multiple access schemes; Network per-formance, reliability, and quality of service; Resource allocation over wireless networks;Security, authentication, and cryptography; Signal processing techniques and tools; Ultrawideband systems; Wireless network services and medium access control.

Editor-in-Chief

Phillip Regalia, Institut National des Telecommunications, 9 rue Charles Fourier, F-91011Evry Cedex, France

EURASIP JOURNALS

EURASIP JOURNAL ON EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Scope

“EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems” is an international journal that serves the largecommunity of researchers and professional engineers who deal with the theory and prac-tice of embedded systems, particularly encompassing all practical aspects of theory andmethods used in designing homogeneous as well as heterogeneous embedded systems thatcombine data-driven and control-driven behaviors.

There are two different issues: regular issues and special issues. The regular issues publishcollections of papers without special solicitation. The special issues have specifically aimedand targeted topics of interest contributed by authors responding to a particular Call-for-Papers or by invitation, edited by invited guest editor(s). Regular papers can submitted atany time, while special issue papers can be submitted only based on planned schedules andsubmission guidelines of the Call-for-Papers. Proposals for special issues can be submitteddirectly to Editor-in-Chief.

Subjects

Original full and short papers, correspondence and reviews on design and developmentof embedded systems, methodologies applied for their specification, modeling and design,and adaptation of algorithms for real-time execution are encouraged for submission.

The coverage includes complex homogeneous and heterogeneous embedded systems, spec-ification languages and tools for embedded systems, modeling and verification techniques,hardware/software trade-offs and co-design, new design flows, design methodologies andsynthesis methods, platform-based design, component-based design, adaptation of signalprocessing algorithms to limited implementation resources, rapid prototyping, comput-ing structures and architectures for complex embedded systems, real-time operating sys-tems, methods and techniques for the design of low-power systems, interfacing with the realworld, novel application case studies and experiences, and does not exclude other interest-ing related and emerging topics like software defined radio. Example applications includewireless and data communication systems, speech processing, image and video-processing,digital signal processing applications as well as control and instrumentation.

Editor-in-Chief

Zoran Salcic, University of Auckland, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Science Centre (Building 303, level 2, room 242), Private Bag 92019, 38 Princess Street,Auckland, New Zealand

Associate EditorsSandro Bartolini

Neil Bergmann

Shuvra S. Bhattacharyya

Ed Brinksma

Paul Caspi

Liang-Gee Chen

Dietmar Dietrich

Stephen Edwards

Alain Girault

Rajesh Gupta

Susumu Horiguchi

Thomas Kaiser

Bart Kienhuis

Chong-Min Kyung

Miriam Leeser

Koji Nakano

Antonio Nunez

Sri Parameswaran

Zebo Peng

Marco Platzner

Marc Pouzet

S. Ramesh

Partha Roop

Markus Rupp

Asim Smailagic

Leonel Sousa

Jarmo Takala

Jean-Pierre Talpin

Juergen Teich

Dongsheng Wang

Roger Woods

Editor-in-ChiefZoran Salcic z.salcic@auckland.ac.nz

Website: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/es/

Aims and Scope“EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems” is an international journal that serves the large community of researchers and professional engineers who deal with the theory and practice of embedded systems, particularly encompassing all practical aspects of theory and methods used in designing homogeneous as well as heterogeneous embedded systems that combine data-driven and control-driven behaviors.

Original full and short papers, correspondence, and reviews on design and development of embedded systems, methodologies applied for their specification, modeling and design, and adaptation of algorithms for real-time execution are encouraged for submission.

The coverage includes complex homogeneous and heterogeneous embedded systems, specification languages and tools for embedded systems, modeling and verification techniques, hardware/software trade-offs and codesign, new design flows, design methodologies and synthesis methods, platform-based design, component-based design, adaptation of signal processing algorithms to limited implementation resources, rapid prototyping, computing structures and architectures for complex embedded systems, real-time operating systems, methods and techniques for the design of low-power systems, interfacing with the real world, and novel application case studies and experiences. The coverage, however, does not exclude other interesting related and emerging topics like software-defined radio. Example applications include wireless and data communication systems, speech processing, image and video processing, digital signal processing applications, as well as control and instrumentation.

There are two types of issues: regular issues and special issues. The regular issues publish collections of papers without special solicitation. The special issues have specifically aimed and targeted topics of interest contributed by authors responding to a particular Call-for-Papers or by invitation, edited by invited guest editor(s). Regular papers can be submitted at any time, while special issue papers can be submitted only based on planned schedules and submission guidelines of the Call-for-Papers.

Special Issue ProposalsProposals for special issues can be submitted directly to the Editor-in-Chief or to es.si@hindawi.com.

Open AccessThe EURASIP JES, as an open access journal, enables immediate, worldwide, barrier-free online access to the full text of research articles for the best interests of the scientific community. All interested readers can read, download, and/or print any article published in the EURASIP JES.

A publication of the European Association for Speech, Signal, and Image Processing

Hindawi Publishing Corporation410 Park Avenue, 15th Floor, #287 pmb, New York, NY 10022, USA

EURASIP Journal on

Embedded Systems:: Open Access ::

EURASIP JOURNAL ON EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Special Issue on

Signal Processing with High Complexity:Prototyping and Industrial Design

CALL FOR PAPERS

Some modern applications require an extraordinary large amount of complexity in sig-nal processing algorithms. For example, the 3rd generation of wireless cellular systems isexpected to require 1000 times more complexity when compared to its 2nd generation pre-decessors, and future 3GPP standards will aim for even more number-crunching applica-tions. Video and multimedia applications do not only drive the complexity to new peaks inwired and wireless systems but also in personal and home devices. Also in acoustics, mod-ern hearing aids or algorithms for de-reverberation of rooms, blind source separation, andmultichannel echo cancelation are complexity hungry. At the same time, the anticipatedproducts also put on additional constraints like size and power consumption when mobileand thus battery powered. Furthermore, due to new developments in electroacoustic trans-ducer design, it is possible to design very small and effective loudspeakers. Unfortunately,the linearity assumption does not hold any more for this kind of loudspeakers, leading tocomputationally demanding nonlinear cancelation and equalization algorithms.

Since standard design techniques would either consume too much time or do not resultin solutions satisfying all constraints, more efficient development techniques are requiredto speed up this crucial phase. In general, such developments are rather expensive due tothe required extraordinary high complexity. Thus, de-risking of a future product based onrapid prototyping is often an alternative approach. However, since prototyping would delaythe development, it often makes only sense when it is well embedded in the product de-sign process. Rapid prototyping has thus evolved by applying new design techniques moresuitable to support a quick time to market requirement.

This special issue focuses on new development methods for applications with high com-plexity in signal processing and on showing the improved design obtained by such methods.Examples of such methods are virtual prototyping, HW/SW partitioning, automatic designflows, float to fix conversions, automatic testing and verification, and power aware designs.

Authors should follow the EURASIP JES manuscript format described at the journalsite http://www.hindawi.com/journals/es/. Prospective authors should submit an electroniccopy of their complete manuscripts through the EURASIP JES’s manuscript tracking systemat http://www.mstracking.com/es/, according to the following timetable:

Manuscript Due December 1, 2005

Acceptance Notification March 1, 2006

Final Manuscript Due June 1, 2006

Publication Date 3rd Quarter, 2006

GUEST EDITORS:

Markus Rupp, TU Wien, Gusshausstr. 25/389, A-1040 Wien, Austria;mrupp@nt.tuwien.ac.at

Thomas Kaiser, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057 Duisburg, Germany;thomas.kaiser@uni-duisburg.de

Gerhard Schmidt, Harman Becker / Temic-SDS, Germany;gerhard.schmidt@temic-sds.com

Jean-Francois Nezan, IETR/Image group Lab, France;jean-francois.nezan@insa-rennes.fr

http://www.hindawi.com

EURASIP JOURNAL ON EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Special Issue on

Field-Programmable Gate Arraysin Embedded Systems

CALL FOR PAPERS

Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are increasingly used in embedded systems toachieve high performance in a compact area. FPGAs are particularly well suited to pro-cessing data straight from sensors in embedded systems. More importantly, the reconfig-urable aspects of FPGAs give the circuits the versatility to change their functionality basedon processing requirements for different phases of an application, and for deploying newfunctionality.

Modern FPGAs integrate many different resources on a single chip. Embedded pro-cessors (both hard and soft cores), multipliers, RAM blocks, and DSP units are all availablealong with reconfigurable logic. Applications can use these heterogeneous resources to inte-grate several different functions on a single piece of silicon. This makes FPGAs particularlywell suited to embedded applications.

This special issue focuses on applications that clearly show the benefit of using FPGAsin embedded applications, as well as on design tools that enable such applications. Spe-cific topics of interest include the use of reconfiguration in embedded applications, hard-ware/software codesign targeting FPGAs, power-aware FPGA design, design environmentsfor FPGAs, system signalling and protocols used by FPGAs in embedded environments, andsystem-level design targeting modern FPGA’s heterogeneous resources.

Papers on other applicable topics will also be considered. All papers should addressFPGA-based systems that are appropriate for embedded applications. Papers on subjectsoutside of this scope (i.e., not suitable for embedded applications) will not be considered.

Authors should follow the EURASIP JES manuscript format described at the journalsite http://www.hindawi.com/journals/es/. Prospective authors should submit an electroniccopy of their complete manuscript through the EURASIP JES manuscript tracking systemat http://www.mstracking.com/es/, according to the following timetable:

Manuscript Due December 15, 2005

Acceptance Notification May 1, 2006

Final Manuscript Due August 1, 2006

Publication Date 4th Quarter, 2006

GUEST EDITORS:

Miriam Leeser, Northeastern University, USA; mel@coe.neu.edu

Scott Hauck, University of Washington, USA; hauck@ee.washington.edu

Russell Tessier, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA; tessier@ecs.umass.edu

http://www.hindawi.com

EURASIP JOURNAL ON EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

Special Issue on

Synchronous Paradigm in Embedded Systems

CALL FOR PAPERS

Synchronous languages were introduced in the 1980s for programming reactive systems.Such systems are characterized by their continuous reaction to their environment, at aspeed determined by the latter. Reactive systems include embedded control software andhardware. Synchronous languages have recently seen a tremendous interest from leadingcompanies developing automatic control software and hardware for critical applications.Industrial success stories have been achieved by Schneider Electric, Airbus, Dassault Avia-tion, Snecma, MBDA, Arm, ST Microelectronics, Texas Instruments, Freescale, Intel .... Thekey advantage outlined by these companies resides in the rigorous mathematical seman-tics provided by the synchronous approach that allows system designers to develop criticalsoftware and hardware in a faster and safer way.

Indeed, an important feature of synchronous paradigm is that the tools and environ-ments supporting development of synchronous programs are based upon a formal math-ematical model defined by the semantics of the languages. The compilation involves theconstruction of these formal models, and their analysis for static properties, their opti-mization, the synthesis of executable sequential implementations, and the automated dis-tribution of programs. It can also build a model of the dynamical behaviors, in the formof a transition system, upon which is based the analysis of dynamical properties, for ex-ample, through model-checking-based verification, or discrete controller synthesis. Hence,synchronous programming is at the crossroads of many approaches in compilation, formalanalysis and verification techniques, and software or hardware implementations generation.

We invite original papers for a special issue of the journal to be published in the firstquarter of 2007. Papers may be submitted on all aspects of the synchronous paradigm forembedded systems, including theory and applications. Some sample topics are:

• Synchronous languages design and compiling• Novel application and implementation of synchronous languages• Applications of synchronous design methods to embedded systems (hardware or

software)• Formal modeling, formal verification, controller synthesis, and abstract interpreta-

tion with synchronous-based tools• Combining synchrony and asynchrony for embedded system design and, in particu-

lar, globally asynchronous and locally synchronous systems

• The role of synchronous models of computations in heterogeneous modeling• The use of synchronous modeling techniques in model-driven design environment• Design of distributed control systems using the synchronous paradigm

Authors should follow the EURASIP JES manuscript format described at the journalsite http://www.hindawi.com/journals/es/. Prospective authors should submit an electroniccopy of their complete manuscripts through the EURASIP JES’s manuscript tracking systemat http://www.mstracking.com/es/, according to the following timetable:

Manuscript Due June 1, 2006

Acceptance Notification October 1, 2006

Final Manuscript Due December 1, 2006

Publication Date 1st Quarter, 2007

GUEST EDITORS:

Alain Girault, INRIA, France; alain.girault@inrialpes.fr

S. Ramesh, IIT Bombay, India; ramesh@cse.iitb.ac.in

Jean-Pierre Talpin, IRISA, France; jean-pierre.talpin@irisa.fr

http://www.hindawi.com

EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, Volume 2005, No. 9, 1 June 2005

c© 2005 Hindawi Publishing Corporation

Special Issue onAnthropomorphic Processing of Audio and Speech

Werner Verhelst

Department of Electronics and Information Processing, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussel, BelgiumEmail: wverhels@etro.vub.ac.be

Jurgen Herre

Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits (IIS), 91058 Erlangen, GermanyEmail: hrr@iis.fhg.de

Gernot Kubin

Signal Processing and Speech Communication Laboratory, Graz University of Technology,8010 Graz, AustriaEmail: g.kubin@ieee.org

Hynek Hermansky

IDIAP Research Institute, 1920 Martigny, SwitzerlandEmail: hynek@idiap.ch

Søren Holdt Jensen

Department of Communication Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Aalborg University,Fredrik Bajers Vej 7A, DK-9220 Aalborg, DenmarkEmail: shj@kom.aau.dk

Anthropomorphic systems process signals “at the image of man.” They are designed to solvea problem in signal processing by imitation of the processes that accomplish the same taskin humans. In the area of audio and speech processing, remarkable successes have beenobtained by anthropomorphic systems: perceptual audio coding even caused a landslide inthe music business.

At first sight, it could seem obvious that the performance of audio processing systemsshould benefit from taking into account the perceptual properties of human audition. Forexample, front ends that extract perceptually meaningful features currently show the bestresults in speech recognizers. However, their features are typically used for a stochastic op-timization that is itself not anthropomorphic at all. Thus, it is not obvious why they shouldperform best, and perhaps the truly optimal features have not yet been found because, afterall, “airplanes do not flap their wings.”

In general, we believe that there are several situations when an anthropomorphic ap-proach may not be the best solution. First, its combination with nonanthropomorphic sys-tems could result in a suboptimal overall performance (the quantization noise that was

Special Issue on Anthropomorphic Processing of Audio and Speech 57

cleverly concealed by a perceptual audio coder could become unmasked by subsequentlinear or nonlinear processing). Second, other approaches that are not anthropomorphicmight be better adapted to the technology that is chosen for the implementation (airplanesdo not flap their wings because it is technically much more efficient to use jet engines forpropulsion). Nevertheless, a lot can be learned from imitating natural systems that were op-timized through natural selection. As such, anthropomorphic and, by extension, biomor-phic systems can be considered to play an important role in the process of developing newtechnologies.

This special issue brings together a dozen papers from different areas of audio andspeech processing that deal with aspects of anthropomorphic processing or in which ananthropomorphic or perceptual approach was taken.

The first of two papers on perceptual audio coding proposes a perceptual model for thespecific distortion that is typically encountered in sinusoidal modelling, while the secondpaper introduces a novel parametric stereo coding technique based on binaural psychoa-coustics. While these papers illustrate the use of human auditory perception for efficientaudio coding, the three following papers present examples of efforts towards using differentlevels of neurophysiologic modelling directly for the representation and processing of audiosignals: from a model for the adaptation behaviour in the chemical synapses between theinner hair cells and the auditory neurons, to a signal processing model for the early auditorysystem, and then a cortical audio representation for sound modification. In the last pair ofaudio papers, signal features that are based on our knowledge of the auditory system areused in conjunction with machine learning techniques, such as neural networks, to achievemore cognitive goals, such as audio source separation and classification.

A generally applicable technique that allows for discriminative training of hiddenMarkov models is introduced and applied on the confusable set of visemes for lip read-ing purposes in the first of five papers on speech processing. The next three of these papersall deal with the important problem of finding objective distortion measures for speech,and the last paper describes an articulatory speech synthesizer that, among other things,brought a better understanding of the Portuguese nasal vowels.

While the papers in this special issue can represent only a small sampling of anthro-pomorphic techniques in audio and speech processing, they are all very valuable in theirown right and together, if nothing else, they show that anthropomorphic sound processingsystems are invaluable in the form of computational models for human perception and thatthey can fuel our quest for further understanding of human nature and self-knowledge.

Werner VerhelstJurgen Herre

Gernot KubinHynek HermanskySøren Holdt Jensen

58 EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, Vol. 2005, No. 9, 1 June 2005

Volume 2005, No. 9, 1 June 2005

Contents and Abstracts

A Perceptual Model for Sinusoidal Audio CodingBased on Spectral Integration

Open AccessSteven van de Par, Armin Kohlrausch, Richard Heusdens,Jesper Jensen, and Søren Holdt Jensen

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1292

Psychoacoustical models have been used extensively within audio coding applications overthe past decades. Recently, parametric coding techniques have been applied to general au-dio and this has created the need for a psychoacoustical model that is specifically suited forsinusoidal modelling of audio signals. In this paper, we present a new perceptual model thatpredicts masked thresholds for sinusoidal distortions. The model relies on signal detectiontheory and incorporates more recent insights about spectral and temporal integration inauditory masking. As a consequence, the model is able to predict the distortion detectabil-ity. In fact, the distortion detectability defines a (perceptually relevant) norm on the un-derlying signal space which is beneficial for optimisation algorithms such as rate-distortionoptimisation or linear predictive coding. We evaluate the merits of the model by combiningit with a sinusoidal extraction method and compare the results with those obtained withthe ISO MPEG-1 Layer I-II recommended model. Listening tests show a clear preferencefor the new model. More specifically, the model presented here leads to a reduction of morethan 20% in terms of number of sinusoids needed to represent signals at a given qualitylevel.

Parametric Coding of Stereo AudioOpen Access

Jeroen Breebaart, Steven van de Par, Armin Kohlrausch,and Erik Schuijers

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1305

Parametric-stereo coding is a technique to efficiently code a stereo audio signal as a monau-ral signal plus a small amount of parametric overhead to describe the stereo image. Thestereo properties are analyzed, encoded, and reinstated in a decoder according to spatialpsychoacoustical principles. The monaural signal can be encoded using any (conventional)audio coder. Experiments show that the parameterized description of spatial properties en-ables a highly efficient, high-quality stereo audio representation.

Special Issue on Anthropomorphic Processing of Audio and Speech 59

Analysis of the IHC Adaptation for the AnthropomorphicSpeech Processing Systems

Alexei V. Ivanov and Alexander A. Petrovsky

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1323

We analyse the properties of the physiological model of the adaptive behaviour of the chem-ical synapse between inner hair cells (IHC) and auditory neurons. On the basis of the per-formed analysis, we propose equivalent structures of the model for implementation in thedigital domain. The main conclusion of the analysis is that the synapse reservoir model isequivalent in its properties to the signal-dependent automatic gain-control mechanism. Weplot guidelines for creation of artificial anthropomorphic algorithms, which exploit prop-erties of the original synapse model. This paper also presents a concise description of theexperiments, which prove the presence of the positive effect from the introduction of the de-picted anthropomorphic algorithm into feature extraction of the automated speech recog-nition engine.

Anthropomorphic Coding of Speech and Audio:A Model Inversion Approach

Open AccessChristian Feldbauer, Gernot Kubin, and W. Bastiaan Kleijn

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1334

Auditory modeling is a well-established methodology that provides insight into human per-ception and that facilitates the extraction of signal features that are most relevant to the lis-tener. The aim of this paper is to provide a tutorial on perceptual speech and audio codingusing an invertible auditory model. In this approach, the audio signal is converted into anauditory representation using an invertible auditory model. The auditory representation isquantized and coded. Upon decoding, it is then transformed back into the acoustic domain.This transformation converts a complex distortion criterion into a simple one, thus facili-tating quantization with low complexity. We briefly review past work on auditory modelsand describe in more detail the components of our invertible model and its inversion pro-cedure, that is, the method to reconstruct the signal from the output of the auditory model.We summarize attempts to use the auditory representation for low-bit-rate coding. Ourapproach also allows the exploitation of the inherent redundancy of the human auditorysystem for the purpose of multiple description (joint source-channel) coding.

Neuromimetic Sound Representation forPercept Detection and Manipulation

Dmitry N. Zotkin, Taishih Chi, Shihab A. Shamma, and Ramani Duraiswami

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1350

The acoustic wave received at the ears is processed by the human auditory system to separatedifferent sounds along the intensity, pitch, and timbre dimensions. Conventional Fourier-based signal processing, while endowed with fast algorithms, is unable to easily represent asignal along these attributes. In this paper, we discuss the creation of maximally separable

60 EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, Vol. 2005, No. 9, 1 June 2005

sounds in auditory user interfaces and use a recently proposed cortical sound representa-tion, which performs a biomimetic decomposition of an acoustic signal, to represent andmanipulate sound for this purpose. We briefly overview algorithms for obtaining, manipu-lating, and inverting a cortical representation of a sound and describe algorithms for manip-ulating signal pitch and timbre separately. The algorithms are also used to create sound ofan instrument between a “guitar” and a “trumpet.” Excellent sound quality can be achievedif processing time is not a concern, and intelligible signals can be reconstructed in rea-sonable processing time (about ten seconds of computational time for a one-second signalsampled at 8 kHz). Work on bringing the algorithms into the real-time processing domainis ongoing.

Source Separation with One Ear: Propositionfor an Anthropomorphic Approach

Jean Rouat and Ramin Pichevar

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1365

We present an example of an anthropomorphic approach, in which auditory-based cues arecombined with temporal correlation to implement a source separation system. The audi-tory features are based on spectral amplitude modulation and energy information obtainedthrough 256 cochlear filters. Segmentation and binding of auditory objects are performedwith a two-layered spiking neural network. The first layer performs the segmentation of theauditory images into objects, while the second layer binds the auditory objects belonging tothe same source. The binding is further used to generate a mask (binary gain) to suppressthe undesired sources from the original signal. Results are presented for a double-voiced (2speakers) speech segment and for sentences corrupted with different noise sources. Com-parative results are also given using PESQ (perceptual evaluation of speech quality) scores.The spiking neural network is fully adaptive and unsupervised.

A Physiologically Inspired Method for Audio Classification

Sourabh Ravindran, Kristopher Schlemmer, and David V. Anderson

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1374

We explore the use of physiologically inspired auditory features with both physiologicallymotivated and statistical audio classification methods. We use features derived from a bio-physically defensible model of the early auditory system for audio classification using aneural network classifier. We also use a Gaussian-mixture-model (GMM)-based classifierfor the purpose of comparison and show that the neural-network-based approach worksbetter. Further, we use features from a more advanced model of the auditory system andshow that the features extracted from this model of the primary auditory cortex performbetter than the features from the early auditory stage. The features give good classificationperformance with only one-second data segments used for training and testing.

Special Issue on Anthropomorphic Processing of Audio and Speech 61

A Two-Channel Training Algorithm for Hidden MarkovModel and Its Application to Lip Reading

Liang Dong, Say Wei Foo, and Yong Lian

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1382

Hidden Markov model (HMM) has been a popular mathematical approach for sequenceclassification such as speech recognition since 1980s. In this paper, a novel two-channeltraining strategy is proposed for discriminative training of HMM. For the proposed train-ing strategy, a novel separable-distance function that measures the difference between a pairof training samples is adopted as the criterion function. The symbol emission matrix of anHMM is split into two channels: a static channel to maintain the validity of the HMM anda dynamic channel that is modified to maximize the separable distance. The parameters ofthe two-channel HMM are estimated by iterative application of expectation-maximization(EM) operations. As an example of the application of the novel approach, a hierarchi-cal speaker-dependent visual speech recognition system is trained using the two-channelHMMs. Results of experiments on identifying a group of confusable visemes indicate thatthe proposed approach is able to increase the recognition accuracy by an average of 20%compared with the conventional HMMs that are trained with the Baum-Welch estimation.

Disordered Speech Assessment Using Automatic MethodsBased on Quantitative Measures

Lingyun Gu, John G. Harris, Rahul Shrivastav, and Christine Sapienza

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1400

Speech quality assessment methods are necessary for evaluating and documenting treat-ment outcomes of patients suffering from degraded speech due to Parkinson’s disease,stroke, or other disease processes. Subjective methods of speech quality assessment are moreaccurate and more robust than objective methods but are time-consuming and costly. Wepropose a novel objective measure of speech quality assessment that builds on traditionalspeech processing techniques such as dynamic time warping (DTW) and the Itakura-Saito(IS) distortion measure. Initial results show that our objective measure correlates well withthe more expensive subjective methods.

Objective Speech Quality MeasurementUsing Statistical Data Mining

Wei Zha and Wai-Yip Chan

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1410

Measuring speech quality by machines overcomes two major drawbacks of subjective listen-ing tests, their low speed and high cost. Real-time, accurate, and economical objective mea-surement of speech quality opens up a wide range of applications that cannot be supportedwith subjective listening tests. In this paper, we propose a statistical data mining approachto design objective speech quality measurement algorithms. A large pool of perceptual dis-tortion features is extracted from the speech signal. We examine using classification and

62 EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, Vol. 2005, No. 9, 1 June 2005

regression trees (CART) and multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), separatelyand jointly, to select the most salient features from the pool, and to construct good esti-mators of subjective listening quality based on the selected features. We show designs thatuse perceptually significant features and outperform the state-of-the-art objective mea-surement algorithm. The designed algorithms are computationally simple, making themsuitable for real-time implementation. The proposed design method is scalable with theamount of learning data; thus, performance can be improved with more offline or onlinetraining.

Fourier-Lapped Multilayer Perceptron Methodfor Speech Quality Assessment

Moises Vidal Ribeiro, Jayme Garcia Arnal Barbedo,Joao Marcos Travassos Romano, and Amauri Lopes

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1425

The paper introduces a new objective method for speech quality assessment called Fourier-lapped multilayer perceptron (FLMLP). This method uses an overcomplete transformbased on the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and modulated lapped transform (MLT).This transform generates the DFT and the MLT speech spectral domains from which severalrelevant perceptual parameters are extracted. The proposed method also employs a multi-layer perceptron neural network trained by a modified version of the scaled conjugated gra-dient method. This neural network maps the perceptual parameters into a subjective score.The numerical results show that FLMLP is an effective alternative to previous methods. Asa result, it is worth stating that the techniques here described may be potentially useful toother researches facing the same kind of problem.

Simulation of Human Speech Production Applied to theStudy and Synthesis of European Portuguese

Antonio J. S. Teixeira, Roberto Martinez, Luıs Nuno Silva,Luis M. T. Jesus, Jose C. Prıncipe, and Francisco A. C. Vaz

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1435

A new articulatory synthesizer (SAPWindows), with a modular and flexible design, is de-scribed. A comprehensive acoustic model and a new interactive glottal source were imple-mented. Perceptual tests and simulations made possible by the synthesizer contributed todeepening our knowledge of one of the most important characteristics of European Por-tuguese, the nasal vowels. First attempts at incorporating models of frication into the ar-ticulatory synthesizer are presented, demonstrating the potential of performing fricativesynthesis based on broad articulatory configurations. Synthesis of nonsense words and Por-tuguese words with vowels and nasal consonants is also shown. Despite not being capableof competing with mainstream concatenative speech synthesis, the anthropomorphic ap-proach to speech synthesis, known as articulatory synthesis, proved to be a valuable tool forphonetics research and teaching. This was particularly true for the European Portuguesenasal vowels.

EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, Volume 2005, No. 10, 1 July 2005

c© 2005 Hindawi Publishing Corporation

Special Issue onSignal Analysis Tools for OpticalInformation Processing

Christi K. Madsen

Department of Electrical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 312 B Zachry Engineering Center,College Station, TX 77843, USAEmail: cmadsen@ee.tamu.edu

Daniela Dragoman

Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, P.O. Box MG-11, 077125 Bucharest, RomaniaEmail: daniela@solid.fizica.unibuc.ro

Jose Azana

Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) Energie, Materiaux et Telecommunications,800 de la Gauchetiere Ouest, bureau 6900, Montreal, QC, Canada H5A 1K6Email: azana@emt.inrs.ca

The application of advanced signal analysis tools (e.g., fractional Fourier transforms or jointtime-frequency signal representations) to a wide variety of optics and photonics problemshas led to a new and deeper understanding of several optical phenomena of fundamentaland practical importance, including diffraction, holography, nonlinear optical processes,dispersion, and optical filtering. Signal analysis methods also constitute the basis of pow-erful techniques for the measurement and full characterization of ultrafast optical eventsor systems, which otherwise could not be characterized by conventional means. Moreover,novel analysis and synthesis methods for different photonics devices (e.g., fiber gratings,ring resonators, etc.) have been developed based on well-known continuous and discrete-time signal processing tools.

The use of different photonic technologies for processing spatial or temporal informa-tion in the optical domain is also a field of growing importance, with a strong potentialfor interesting applications in fields such diverse as optical telecommunications, ultrafastmetrology, microwave engineering, image processing, and optical computing, to name onlya few. Advantages of processing the information in the optical domain include the tremen-dous available bandwidth and the parallelism intrinsic to the optical approach, which trans-late into ultrahigh processing speeds, which otherwise are not possible.

The broad area of optical signal processing is becoming today one of the most activeresearch areas in optics and photonics. Research in this area will have an important im-pact far beyond the conventional frontiers of photonic technologies. The present issue ofEURASIP JASP is devoted to this increasingly important topic. Specifically, the aim of thisspecial issue is to highlight innovative research in signal processing applied to optics and

64 EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, Vol. 2005, No. 10, 1 July 2005

photonics problems, thus paving the way for future developments in the field. The presentissue was thought of with the intention of providing an overview as complete as possibleof the recent progress and current problematics in optical signal processing, while bringingthe work in this area closer to the signal processing community. This was the philosophybehind the decision to prepare a special issue of the EURASIP JASP devoted to this area. Inexpressing this philosophy, we are very grateful to Dr. Jacob Benesty, who first suggested andencouraged us to proceed ahead with this special issue.

The special issue comprises both original research contributions and review papers byleaders in their respective arenas. This includes works ranging from applications of signalanalysis tools to optical problems to the proposal and demonstration of innovative con-cepts, technologies, devices, and architectures for all-optical information processing. Inparticular, the current issue consists of fourteen contributions, namely, seven invited papersand seven regular contributions. The latter were selected by the Guest Editors following asuitable evaluation via a standard international peer-review process. As mentioned above,the intention was to cover most of the relevant topics in the area. Specifically, the invitedcontributions in this special issue are the following.

(1) “Active optical lattice filters” by L. R. Hunt et al.(2) “Advanced optical processing of microwave signals” by B. Ortega et al.(3) “Fractional transforms in optical information processing” by T. Alieva et al.(4) “Applications of the Wigner distribution function in signal processing” by D. Drago-

man.(5) “Concepts for the temporal characterization of short optical pulses” by C. Dorrer and

I. A. Walmsley.(6) “Time-frequency (Wigner) analysis of linear and nonlinear pulse propagation in op-

tical fibers” by J. Azana.(7) “A novel optical vector spectral analysis technique employing a limited-bandwidth

detector” by C. K. Madsen.

Hunt et al. were invited to present and review their recent developments in active op-tical lattice filters. This work constitutes a relevant example of how well-known conceptsof signal processing (i.e., adaptive lattice filtering) can be successfully applied in photonics.All-optical adaptive filtering devices are proposed and demonstrated. In their invited con-tribution, Ortega et al. give an extensive overview about their work on microwave signalprocessing based on photonics technologies. The authors review some recent, relevant ap-proaches to implement high-performance transversal RF filters using optical devices suchas fiber Bragg gratings, arrayed waveguide gratings, or interferometric structures. Experi-mental evidence of their proposals is also provided. Pasrija et al. propose the use of discrete-time signal processing tools for designing and synthesizing nonlinear optical devices. Thisproposal is based on the pioneer work by Madsen, where concepts of discrete-time signalanalysis were applied for synthesizing linear allpass optical filters.

In their invited paper, Alieva et al. provide a comprehensive overview on the use of frac-tional linear integral transforms for different optical information processing applications,including phase retrieval, beam characterization, pattern recognition, adaptive filter design,encryption, watermarking, and motion detection. The contribution by Dragoman focuseson the application of phase-space representations, and in particular Wigner analysis, to awide variety of signal processing problems with an emphasis on optical signals and systems.

Special Issue on Signal Analysis Tools for Optical Information Processing 65

Her paper is a review of classical and relevant work on the use of advanced signal analy-sis tools in the context of optics and photonics. In their contributed paper, Bastiaans andAlieva elaborate further on the concept of Wigner distribution applied to optical systems.

In their invited contribution, Dorrer and Walmsley present an extensive review of sig-nal analysis-based methods for the full (amplitude and phase) characterization of (ultra-)short optical pulses. It is discussed how an optical pulse can be analyzed and fully char-acterized through its representation in terms of correlation functions or time-frequencyrepresentations, and different methods to experimentally obtain these representations inthe optical domain are discussed and demonstrated. In his work, Azana makes use of jointtime-frequency signal representations for investigating an optical problem of fundamentaland practical significance, namely, the dynamics of picosecond pulse propagation throughoptical fibers in the linear and nonlinear regimes. A deeper insight into this problem isprovided through this analysis.

The paper by Madsen introduces and analyzes a new and simple technique for char-acterizing both chromatic and polarization-mode dispersions in an optical channel. Thetechnique is based on discrete-time signal analysis concepts and should prove to be veryuseful for applications in WDM optical communication systems. In their contribution, Cin-cotti et al. present a comprehensive overview of wavelet signal processing and multiplexingin the optical domain, using photonics integrated technologies. These developments areof interest for broadband multiple access networks. The work by Ut-Va Koc deals withimproved adaptive equalization algorithms for the electronic compensation of chromaticand polarization-mode dispersions in fiber-optics communication links. In their paper,Llorente et al. propose and experimentally demonstrate an interesting application of theso-called real-time Fourier transformation technique, where the spectrum of an optical sig-nal is mapped into the temporal domain via chromatic dispersion, for evaluating channelcrosstalk in DWDM optical communication networks. The work by Garba et al. deals withthe increasingly important topic of optical CDMA (OCDMA). In particular, different cod-ing strategies for OCDMA are proposed and evaluated in terms of their capacity limits andnoise performance for multiple-access networking.

Finally, the paper by Goren et al. introduces a novel signal analysis-based techniquefor synthesizing laser beams with extended depth of focus, of specific interest for scanningprinted bar codes.

In the coming years, it is expected that the area of optical signal processing will be-come even more important from both fundamental and applied perspectives. We hope thatthis special issue will appeal to the signal processing community and will further stimulatework in this area. To finalize, we would like to thank all the people who have participatedin the elaboration of this special issue, especially the authors of the published papers, theresearchers who submitted their work for consideration, and last, but not least, the refereeswho helped in the revision and selection of the submitted works.

Christi K. MadsenDaniela Dragoman

Jose Azana

66 EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, Vol. 2005, No. 10, 1 July 2005

Volume 2005, No. 10, 1 July 2005

Contents and Abstracts

Active Optical Lattice Filters Open Access

L. Roberts Hunt, Vishnupriya Govindan, Issa Panahi,Jian Tong, Govind Kannan, Duncan L. MacFarlane, and Gary Evans

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1452

Optical lattice filter structures including gains are introduced and analyzed. The photonicrealization of the active, adaptive lattice filter is described. The algorithms which map be-tween gains space and filter coefficients space are presented and studied. The sensitivitiesof filter parameters with respect to gains are derived and calculated. An example which isrelevant to adaptive signal processing is also provided.

Advanced Optical Processing of Microwave Signals

Beatriz Ortega, Daniel Pastor, Jose Mora, Jose Capmany, and Miguel V. Andres

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1462

The authors present a review on the recent approaches proposed to implement transversalRF filters. Different tunable transversal filters consisting of wavelength tunable optical tapsand those employing the tunability of dispersive devices are presented showing their high-performance characteristics. A comprehensive review of the fundamentals and a discussionon the main limitation of these structures are also included.

DSP Approach to the Design of NonlinearOptical Devices Open Access

Geeta Pasrija, Yan Chen, Behrouz Farhang-Boroujeny,and Steve Blair

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1485

Discrete-time signal processing (DSP) tools have been used to analyze numerous opticalfilter configurations in order to optimize their linear response. In this paper, we propose aDSP approach to design nonlinear optical devices by treating the desired nonlinear responsein the weak perturbation limit as a discrete-time filter. Optimized discrete-time filters canbe designed and then mapped onto a specific optical architecture to obtain the desired non-linear response. This approach is systematic and intuitive for the design of nonlinear opticaldevices. We demonstrate this approach by designing autoregressive (AR) and autoregressivemoving average (ARMA) lattice filters to obtain a nonlinear phase shift response.

Special Issue on Signal Analysis Tools for Optical Information Processing 67

Fractional Transforms in OpticalInformation Processing Open Access

Tatiana Alieva, Martin J. Bastiaans, and Maria Luisa Calvo

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1498

We review the progress achieved in optical information processing during the last decadeby applying fractional linear integral transforms. The fractional Fourier transform and itsapplications for phase retrieval, beam characterization, space-variant pattern recognition,adaptive filter design, encryption, watermarking, and so forth is discussed in detail. A gen-eral algorithm for the fractionalization of linear cyclic integral transforms is introduced andit is shown that they can be fractionalized in an infinite number of ways. Basic properties offractional cyclic transforms are considered. The implementation of some fractional trans-forms in optics, such as fractional Hankel, sine, cosine, Hartley, and Hilbert transforms, isdiscussed. New horizons of the application of fractional transforms for optical informationprocessing are underlined.

Applications of the Wigner Distribution Functionin Signal Processing

Daniela Dragoman

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1520

We present a review of the applications of the Wigner distribution function in various areasof signal processing: amplitude and phase retrieval, signal recognition, characterization ofarbitrary signals, optical systems and devices, and coupling coefficient estimation in phasespace. Although reference is made to specific signals and systems, the mathematical formu-lation is general and can be applied to either spatial, temporal, or spatio-temporal phasespaces, to coherent, partially coherent, or discrete signals. The universal and intuitive char-acter of the Wigner distribution approach to signal characterization and processing and itssimplicity in solving many issues are evidenced throughout the paper.

Wigner Distribution Moments Measured as IntensityMoments in Separable First-Order Optical Systems

Open AccessMartin J. Bastiaans and Tatiana Alieva

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1535

It is shown how all global Wigner distribution moments of arbitrary order can be measuredas intensity moments in the output plane of an appropriate number of separable first-orderoptical systems (generally anamorphic ones). The minimum number of such systems thatare needed for the determination of these moments is derived.

68 EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, Vol. 2005, No. 10, 1 July 2005

Concepts for the Temporal Characterizationof Short Optical Pulses

Christophe Dorrer and Ian A. Walmsley

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1541

Methods for the characterization of the time-dependent electric field of short optical pulsesare reviewed. The representation of these pulses in terms of correlation functions andtime-frequency distributions is discussed, and the strategies for their characterization areexplained using these representations. Examples of the experimental implementations ofthe concepts of spectrography, interferometry, and tomography for the characterization ofpulses in the optical telecommunications environment are presented.

Time-Frequency (Wigner) Analysis of Linear andNonlinear Pulse Propagation in Optical Fibers

Jose Azana

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1554

Time-frequency analysis, and, in particular, Wigner analysis, is applied to the study of pi-cosecond pulse propagation through optical fibers in both the linear and nonlinear regimes.The effects of first- and second-order group velocity dispersion (GVD) and self-phase mod-ulation (SPM) are first analyzed separately. The phenomena resulting from the interplaybetween GVD and SPM in fibers (e.g., soliton formation or optical wave breaking) are alsoinvestigated in detail. Wigner analysis is demonstrated to be an extremely powerful toolfor investigating pulse propagation dynamics in nonlinear dispersive systems (e.g., opticalfibers), providing a clearer and deeper insight into the physical phenomena that determinethe behavior of these systems.

A Novel Optical Vector Spectral Analysis TechniqueEmploying a Limited-Bandwidth Detector

C. K. Madsen

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1566

A new technique for obtaining frequency-dependent magnitude and phase informationacross an optical channel is presented using tunable allpass optical filters and a detectorwith a small bandwidth relative to the full channel width. This technique has applica-tion to optical monitoring of intersymbol interference distortions, including chromatic andpolarization-mode dispersion effects, and thus can provide vector information for input tothe control of adaptive optical filters. A method for generating a test signal spanning thespectrum of a modulated data signal without introducing intersymbol interference is dis-cussed. This technique can also be used to characterize an optical pulse source and does notscale in complexity or cost as the bandwidth of the source increases.

Special Issue on Signal Analysis Tools for Optical Information Processing 69

Optical Wavelet Signals Processing and Multiplexing

Gabriella Cincotti, Michela Svaluto Moreolo, and Alessandro Neri

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1574

We present compact integrable architectures to perform the discrete wavelet transform(DWT) and the wavelet packet (WP) decomposition of an optical digital signal, and weshow that the combined use of planar lightwave circuits (PLC) technology and multires-olution analysis (MRA) can add flexibility to current multiple access optical networks.We furnish the design guidelines to synthesize wavelet filters as two-port lattice-formplanar devices, and we give some examples of optical signal denoising and compres-sion/decompression techniques in the wavelet domain. Finally, we present a fully opticalwavelet packet division multiplexing (WPDM) scheme where data signals are waveform-coded onto wavelet atom functions for transmission, and numerically evaluate its perfor-mances.

Adaptive Electronic Dispersion Compensator for Chromatic andPolarization-Mode Dispersions in Optical Communication Systems

Ut-Va Koc

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1584

The widely-used LMS algorithm for coefficient updates in adaptive (feedforward/decision-feedback) equalizers is found to be suboptimal for ASE-dominant systems but variouscoefficient-dithering approaches suffer from slow adaptation rate without guarantee of con-vergence. In view of the non-Gaussian nature of optical noise after the square-law optoelec-tronic conversion, we propose to apply the higher-order least-mean 2Nth-order (LMN) al-gorithms resulting in OSNR penalty which is 1.5–2 dB less than that of LMS. Furthermore,combined with adjustable slicer threshold control, the proposed equalizer structures aredemonstrated through extensive Monte Carlo simulations to achieve better performance.

Linear and Nonlinear Crosstalk Evaluation in DWDM NetworksUsing Optical Fourier Transformers

R. Llorente, R. Clavero, F. Ramos, and J. Marti

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1593

A novel DWDM channel monitoring technique based on the conversion from wavelengthdomain to time domain by performing a real-time optical Fourier transform over the wholeDWDM system bandwidth is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The use of chro-matic dispersion-based optical Fourier transformers has been validated in the case of a spec-trum comprising light from different uncorrelated sources. Linear and nonlinear crosstalksbetween the DWDM channels appear as amplitude noise at specific time positions. Thecorrespondence of this amplitude noise with the crosstalk spectral distribution is evaluatedtheoretically and experimentally.

70 EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, Vol. 2005, No. 10, 1 July 2005

Analysis of Optical CDMA Signal Transmission:Capacity Limits and Simulation Results Open Access

Aminata A. Garba, Raymond M. H. Yim,Jan Bajcsy, and Lawrence R. Chen

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1603

We present performance limits of the optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA)networks. In particular, we evaluate the information-theoretical capacity of the OCDMAtransmission when single-user detection (SUD) is used by the receiver. First, we model theOCDMA transmission as a discrete memoryless channel, evaluate its capacity when binarymodulation is used in the interference-limited (noiseless) case, and extend this analysis tothe case when additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is corrupting the received signals.Next, we analyze the benefits of using nonbinary signaling for increasing the throughputof optical CDMA transmission. It turns out that up to a fourfold increase in the networkthroughput can be achieved with practical numbers of modulation levels in comparisonto the traditionally considered binary case. Finally, we present BER simulation results forchannel coded binary and M-ary OCDMA transmission systems. In particular, we applyturbo codes concatenated with Reed-Solomon codes so that up to several hundred concur-rent optical CDMA users can be supported at low target bit error rates. We observe thatunlike conventional OCDMA systems, turbo-empowered OCDMA can allow overloading(more active users than is the length of the spreading sequences) with good bit error ratesystem performance.

Design of Extended Depth-of-Focus Laser BeamsUsing Orthogonal Beam Expansions

David P. Goren, Joseph Katz, and Leonard Bergstein

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1617

Laser beams with extended depth of focus have many practical applications, such as scan-ning printed bar codes. Previous work has concentrated on synthesizing such beams byapproximating the nondiffracting Bessel beam solution to the wave equation. In this paper,we introduce an alternate novel synthesis method that is based on maintaining a minimumMTF value (contrast) over the largest possible distance. To achieve this, the coefficients ofan orthogonal beam expansion are sequentially optimized to this criterion. One of the mainadvantages of this method is that it can be easily generalized to noncircularly symmetricalbeams by the appropriate choice of the beam expansion basis functions. This approach isfound to be very useful for applications that involve scanning of the laser beam.

EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, Volume 2005, No. 11, 11 July 2005

c© 2005 Hindawi Publishing Corporation

Special Issue onSystem-Integration-Oriented Transceiver Designsfor Wireless Networks Beyond 3G

Sofiene Affes

Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-EMT), Universite du Quebec,800 de la Gauchetiere Ouest, bureau 6900, Montreal, QC, Canada H5A 1K6Email: affes@inrs-emt.uquebec.ca

Jacob Benesty

Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS-EMT), Universite du Quebec,800 de la Gauchetiere Ouest, bureau 6900, Montreal, QC, Canada H5A 1K6Email: benesty@inrs-emt.uquebec.ca

David Gesbert

Institut Eurecom, 2229 route des Cretes, BP 193, 06904 Sophia Antipolis Cedex, FranceEmail: david.gesbert@eurecom.fr

Laurence Mailaender

Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Room R-139, 791 Holmdel Road, Holmdel, NJ 07733, USAEmail: lm@lucent.com

Mamoru Sawahashi

Wireless Access Laboratory, Wireless Laboratories, NTT DoCoMo, 3-5 Hikarinooka,Yokosuka, Kanagawa 239-8536, JapanEmail: sawahasi@mlab.yrp.nttdocomo.co.jp

Current research in wireless transceiver design will extend wireless system performance be-yond the capabilities of third-generation (3G) systems. Yet the prospective innovative so-lutions that are most likely to make their shortest way to integration in a future real-worldwireless system are those that take into account interaction with other subsystem compo-nents, any source of imperfection such as estimation and modeling errors, implementationfeasibility and costs, software/hardware codesign issues, and so forth to the proof of con-cept.

This special issue has solicited original research contributions in the design of newtransceiver solutions for wireless networks beyond 3G with a development and assessmentapproach oriented towards implementation and integration in a real-world wireless system,that is, the methodology ranging from (i) realistic link/system-level software simulation, to(ii) off-line verification and validation over channel measurements, (iii) real-time proto-typing and validation, and (iv) on-air demonstration and field trials.

72 EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, Vol. 2005, No. 11, 11 July 2005

The papers included in this special issue address a broad range of topics such asMIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) systems, space-time coding (STC), multiuser de-tection and interference suppression, synchronization and channel identification, and soforth applied in most cases to code-division multiple access (CDMA), wideband CDMA(WCDMA), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), or multicarrier CDMA (MC-CDMA). A relatively large number of contributions also come from industry and henceprovide an invaluable industrial perspective on current research issues in wireless. In thefollowing, the specific contributions of the papers included in this special issue are summa-rized and grouped according to the adopted methodology.

Simulation-based performance evaluationwith system-design approach

Maljevic and Sousa introduce a new paradigm in the design of DS-CDMA receivers thatmixes analog and digital processing based on a five-port device to achieve direct conversionand analog despreading with symbol-rate sampling only. They also exploit the five-portdevice to propose a noncoherent code-tracking scheme and a RAKE combiner for mobileterminals. Under Rayleigh fading channels, simulations suggest that the proposed receiverstructures based on five-port devices offer robustness and high performance while main-taining low complexity.

Tsai et al. present the architecture of a downlink baseband transceiver for a MC-CDMAradio access under the same channel bandwidth and channel conditions as a WCDMA ac-cess. Along with subcarrier data scrambling at the transmitter, joint carrier and frequencyestimation and channel estimation based on frequency-domain interpolation are presented,providing the maximum aggregate uncoded data rates of 8 and 16 Mbps in mobile and sta-tionary multipath fading channels, respectively.

Peppas et al. propose a reconfigurable space-time coding technique for HSDPA by in-troducing reconfigurability at the link level using a linear processor for space-time blockcoding according to the antenna correlation. The paper also develops a novel link-to-systeminterface for realistic system-level performance evaluations. The simulation results show theperformance enhancement achieved by the application of reconfigurable techniques com-pared to that of the conventional techniques.

Zhang et al. consider issues in the encoding of MIMO signals. They compare “joint en-coding” to a per-antenna “separate encoding” that facilitates the detection and subtractionof the individual MIMO signals. When such systems are rate controlled, a link quality met-ric is needed that summarizes the MIMO channel capacity. They focus on the performanceof these metrics in multipath channels.

Impact of channel estimation and modeling accuracyon MIMO performance

Mysore and Bajcsy study the impact of channel estimation errors and cochannel interfer-ence on the performance of a coded MIMO system. One fundamental condition for a suc-cessful integration of MIMO solutions into real-life systems is the availability of MIMOreceiver algorithms that can operate under nonideal channel scenarios. In particular, theMIMO decoder typically operates with imperfect channel estimation due to finite training.One approach is to combine (turbo) coding with MIMO signaling to provide extra ro-bustness with respect to error-prone channel estimates and other detrimental propagation

Special Issue on System-Integration-Oriented Transceiver . . . 73

effects like antenna correlation. Such aspects are investigated in this paper and new algo-rithms are proposed and evaluated.

Tang and Mohan study the impact of clustering on the performance of indoor MIMOsystems. They propose a simple and efficient channel model which combines the statisticalcharacteristics of signal clusters with the deterministic ray-tracing approach and validate itover on-site measurements. Their investigation reveals that the clustering of signals signifi-cantly affects the spatial correlation and the achievable indoor MIMO capacity.

Measurement-based performance evaluationTrautwein et al. evaluate the performance of advanced MIMO transceiver designs based onchannel measurements. Real-life deployments of MIMO systems are likely to be met withchannel conditions featuring frequency selectivity. In this case, the turbo concept can alsobe put to use to help the spatial multiplexing transceiver deal with equalizing the channel. Inthis paper, such turbo equalizers are further investigated in the presence of real channels. Byincorporating channel sounder measurements into the physical layer simulator, the authorsare able to explore the real-time dynamics of MIMO channels and their impact on MIMOlink adaptation.

Hagerman et al. evaluate the performance of parallel interference cancellation (PIC)on the WCDMA uplink based on both link/system-level simulations and measurementsfrom a prototype field trial. System-level simulations suggest an increase of 40% in capacitywith limited-complexity PIC versus the conventional RAKE receiver. Additionally, mea-surements from a single-cell field trial confirm the increase in capacity and battery life inaccordance with system-level simulations.

Cheikhrouhou et al. verify the analysis/synthesis-based design of a new widebandCDMA receiver, the spatio-temporal array receiver (STAR), by illustrating its capacity toextract accurately the channel parameters (multipath time delays and drifts, carrier fre-quency offset, Doppler spread, etc.) from measured data and to adapt on-line to their timeevolution. They also verify the performance of STAR by comparing the results achieved bygeneric and measured channels. Results suggest that STAR achieves high capacities despiteabout 1 dB loss in SNR due to its operation in real-world conditions.

Prototype-based performance evaluationJalloul and Lin develop a novel architecture for a cellular base station modem engine(CBME), a single-chip multichannel transceiver that is capable of simultaneously process-ing and demodulating multiple users. Through key functional system partitioning, tightlycoupled small DSP cores, and time-sliced reuse architecture, CBME achieves a high de-gree of algorithmic flexibility while maintaining efficiency. When channel estimation andboth the frequency-locked and delay-locked loops are enabled with two diversity antennas,the simulations of the baseband performance of the chip correlate well with the laboratorybench testing.

Samardzija et al. evaluate the performance of a prototype of a MIMO HSDPAtransceiver that implements a new multiuser detection scheme to discriminate the signalsconveyed over interfering beams aimed at different terminals. The experimental testbedcomprises a commercial multiantenna base station, multiantenna terminals, and customMIMO ASICs. The measurement results confirm the power of multiuser detection, espe-cially when the number of receive antennas does not exceed the number of transmit anten-nas at the base station.

74 EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, Vol. 2005, No. 11, 11 July 2005

This special issue gathers eleven significant research contributions both from academiaand industry on system-integration-oriented transceiver design for beyond 3G wireless net-works, a relatively large number given the challenging scope of the issue. We believe thatthey represent an excellent sampling of state-of-the-art research on the subject. We wouldlike to thank all the authors for their timely contributions and we hope that their workswill offer valuable references to researchers and practicing engineers in the field. It is ourhope, also, that this issue will promote further research on new transceiver design from thechallenging perspective of system integration in real-world wireless systems.

Sofiene AffesJacob Benesty

David GesbertLaurence MailaenderMamoru Sawahashi

Special Issue on System-Integration-Oriented Transceiver . . . 75

Volume 2005, No. 11, 11 July 2005

Contents and Abstracts

DS-CDMA Receiver Based on a Five-Port TechnologyIvo Maljevic and Elvino S. Sousa

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1628High data rates, low-power consumption, and low complexity will be the most importantparameters in the design of the next-generation mobile terminals. In this paper we are intro-ducing a new paradigm in the design of direct sequence spread spectrum receiver by com-bining analog and digital signal processing. The main difference with respect to the conven-tional all-digital receiver design approach is that the proposed mixed analog/digital process-ing results in a symbol rate sampling rather than the high-rate subchip sampling. Analogsignal despreading is the key part of the proposed receiver solution, which is based on a five-port device, a passive RF square-law-type device. It is used to perform two important tasksat the same time, namely, the direct conversion and analog despreading. To achieve lowercomplexity, the proposed receiver uses rectangular instead of pulse-matched despreadingat the cost of only a small performance degradation. Also, we propose a new noncoherentpseudonoise (PN) code tracking scheme based on error signal generated through the L1norm. This results in comparable or even better PN code tracking performance than L2norm circuitry, using less complex hardware. Further, we explore how this technology canbe applied in the design of DS-CDMA RAKE receiver for mobile terminals. Depending onhow the pilot signal is multiplexed, we propose two types of RAKE receivers. It is shownthat under Rayleigh fading channel such receiver structures offer robustness and high per-formance, while maintaining the low complexity achievable through the five-port device.

Design of a Baseband Transceiver for MulticarrierCDMA CommunicationsPei-Yun Tsai, Hsin-Yu Kang, and Tzi-Dar Chiueh

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1645Multicarrier systems have become popular for their spectral efficiency and robustnessagainst frequency-selective fading. Multicarrier code-division multiple access (MC-CDMA)is a technique that combines the advantage of multicarrier modulation with that of code-division multiple access (CDMA) to offer reliable high-data-rate downlink cellular com-munication services. In this paper, we present the architecture of a downlink basebandtransceiver using the MC-CDMA technology under the same bandwidth requirement andchannel condition as the third-generation wideband CDMA system. In the transmitter, ascrambling code is applied in order to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) ofthe transmitter output. In the receiver, we use a joint weighted least-squares (WLS) syn-chronization error estimation algorithm and a novel channel estimator. Both algorithmsgreatly enhance the system error-rate performance, as indicated by functional simulation.Simulation results also verify maximum aggregate coded data rates of 5.4/10.8 Mbps from32/64 users in mobile/stationary multipath fading channel with a 3/4 convolutional code,respectively.

76 EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, Vol. 2005, No. 11, 11 July 2005

Performance Evaluation at the System Level of ReconfigurableSpace-Time Coding Techniques for HSDPA

Kostas Peppas, Angeliki Alexiou, Fotis Lazarakis,Tareq Al-Gizawi, and Dimitrios I. Axiotis

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1656

A reconfigurable space-time coding technique is investigated, for a high-speed downlinkpacket access multiple-antenna network, which combats the effects of antenna correlation.Reconfigurability is achieved at the link level by introducing a linear precoder in a space-time block coded system. The technique assumes knowledge of the long-term characteris-tics of the channel, namely the channel correlation matrix at the transmitter. The benefits ofthe proposed reconfigurable technique as compared to the conventional non-reconfigurableversions are evaluated via system-level simulations. In order to characterize the system-levelperformance accurately and, at the same time, use a feasible approach in terms of computa-tional complexity, a suitable link-to-system interface has been developed. The average sys-tem throughput and the number of satisfied users are the performance metrics of interest.Simulation results demonstrate the performance enhancements achieved by the applicationof reconfigurable techniques as compared to their conventional counterparts.

Receivers and CQI Measures for MIMO-CDMA Systems inFrequency-Selective Channels

Jianzhong (Charlie) Zhang, Balaji Raghothaman,Yan Wang, and Giridhar Mandyam

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1668

We investigate receiver designs and CQI (channel quality indicator) measures for the jointlyencoded (JE) and separately encoded (SE) types of MIMO transmission. For the JE trans-mission, we develop a per-Walsh code joint detection structure consisting of a front-endlinear filter followed by joint symbol detection among all the streams. We derive a classof filters that maximize the so-called constrained mutual information, and show that theconventional LMMSE and MVDR equalizers belong to this class. This constrained mutualinformation also provides us with a CQI measure describing the MIMO link quality, sim-ilar to the notion of generalized SNR. Such a measure is essential for both link adaptationand also to provide a means of link-to-system mapping. For the case of SE transmission,we extend the successive decoding algorithm of per-antenna rate control (PARC) to mul-tipath channels, and show that in this case successive decoding achieves the constrainedmutual information. Meanwhile, similar to the case of JE schemes, we also derive properCQI measures for the SE schemes.

Special Issue on System-Integration-Oriented Transceiver . . . 77

The Impact of Channel Estimation Errors andCo-antenna Interference on the Performanceof a Coded MIMO System

Open Access

Naveen Mysore and Jan Bajcsy

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1680

This paper considers the problem of uplink transmission over multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels affected by slow frequency-nonselective uncorrelated and corre-lated Rayleigh fading. We consider the case when channel state information, corrupted byestimation errors, is available at the receiver only. In this setting, we generalize the deriva-tion of our previously proposed linear-complexity MIMO signal detector and derive closed-form expressions for the distribution of its soft outputs and the approximate symbol errorprobability. Based on this soft decision detector, we consider a turbo-coded MIMO uplinkarchitecture with iterative processing, which enables performance within 1.6 to 2.8 dB ofthe ergodic capacity limit and outperforms the T-BLAST (turbo-Bell Laboratories layeredspace-time) system by about 10 dB at bit error rates of 10−5. The presented results illustratethat this linear-complexity MIMO signal detector is highly robust to channel estimationerrors.

Impact of Clustering in Indoor MIMO PropagationUsing a Hybrid Channel Model

Zhongwei Tang and Ananda Sanagavarapu Mohan

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1698

The clustering of propagating signals in indoor environments can influence the perfor-mance of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems that employ multiple-elementantennas at the transmitter and receiver. In order to clarify the effect of clustering prop-agation on the performance of indoor MIMO systems, we propose a simple and efficientindoor MIMO channel model. The proposed model, which is validated with on-site mea-surements, combines the statistical characteristics of signal clusters with deterministic raytracing approach. Using the proposed model, the effect of signal clusters and the presenceof the line-of-sight component in indoor Ricean channels are studied. Simulation results onchannel efficiency and the angular sensitivity for different antenna array topologies insidea specified indoor scenario are also provided. Our investigations confirm that the cluster-ing of signals significantly affects the spatial correlation, and hence, the achievable indoorMIMO capacity.

Measurement-Based Performance Evaluationof Advanced MIMO Transceiver Designs Open Access

Uwe Trautwein, Christian Schneider, and Reiner Thoma

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1712

This paper describes the methodology and the results of performance investigations on amultiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transceiver scheme for frequency-selective radio

78 EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, Vol. 2005, No. 11, 11 July 2005

channels. The method relies on offline simulations and employs real-time MIMO channelsounder measurement data to ensure a realistic channel modeling. Thus it can be classi-fied in between the performance evaluation using some predefined channel models andthe evaluation of a prototype hardware in field experiments. New aspects for the simula-tion setup are discussed, which are frequently ignored when using simpler model-basedevaluations. Example simulations are provided for an iterative (“turbo”) MIMO equalizerconcept. The dependency of the achievable bit error rate performance on the propagationcharacteristics and on the variation in some system design parameters is shown, whereasthe antenna constellation is of particular concern for MIMO systems. Although in many ofthe considered constellations turbo MIMO equalization appears feasible in real field scenar-ios, there exist cases with poor performance as well, indicating that in practical applicationslink adaptation of the transmitter and receiver processing to the environment is necessary.

WCDMA Uplink Parallel InterferenceCancellation—System Simulationsand Prototype Field Trials

Open Access

Bo Hagerman, Fredrik Gunnarsson, Hideshi Murai,Mioko Tadenuma, and Jonas Karlsson

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1725

Interference cancellation (IC) is one identified key technology to enhance WCDMA up-link performance. The goal of this contribution is to highlight the relative uplink systemcapacity improvement available for WCDMA, especially in realistic typical urban radio en-vironments when employing receiver implementations including realistic channel estima-tion, searcher, and so forth. The performance of the selected limited-complexity parallel ICreceiver is first evaluated with link-level simulations in order to provide input to system-level simulations. The system-level methodology is explained and a 40% system-level up-link capacity increase compared to utilizing the conventional RAKE receiver is found. Thelimited-complexity parallel IC receiver is then evaluated in a single-cell field trial. The tri-als show that both the mean and the variance of the outer-loop power control is reduced,which implies an overall increased capacity and an increased battery life of the terminals.Furthermore, the observed capacity gains are in accordance with system simulations.

Design Verification and Performance Evaluationof an Enhanced Wideband CDMA ReceiverUsing Channel Measurements

Open Access

Karim Cheikhrouhou, Sofiene Affes, Ahmed Elderini, Besma Smida,Paul Mermelstein, Belhassen Sultana, and Venkatesh Sampath

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1736

The spatio-temporal array receiver (STAR) decomposes generic wideband CDMA chan-nel responses across various parameter dimensions (e.g., time delays, multipath compo-nents, etc.) and extracts the associated time-varying parameters (i.e., analysis) before re-constructing the channel (i.e., synthesis) with increased accuracy. This work verifies the

Special Issue on System-Integration-Oriented Transceiver . . . 79

channel analysis/synthesis design of STAR by illustrating its capability to extract accuratelythe channel parameters (time delays and drifts, carrier frequency offsets, Doppler spread,etc.) from measured data and to adapt online to their observed time evolution in real-worldpropagation conditions. We also verify the performance of STAR by comparing the resultsachieved with generic and measured channels for an average multipath power profile of[0,−4,−8] dB and a vehicular speed below 30 km/h. The results suggest that losses due tooperations with real channels are only 1 dB in SNR and 20–30% in capacity with DBPSKand single transmit and receive antennas. The corresponding SNR threshold for operationwith real channels is about 5 dB.

Multichannel Baseband Processor for Wideband CDMA

Louay M. A. Jalloul and Jim Lin

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1753

The system architecture of the cellular base station modem engine (CBME) is described.The CBME is a single-chip multichannel transceiver capable of processing and demodulat-ing signals from multiple users simultaneously. It is optimized to process different classesof code-division multiple-access (CDMA) signals. The paper will show that through keyfunctional system partitioning, tightly coupled small digital signal processing cores, andtime-sliced reuse architecture, CBME is able to achieve a high degree of algorithmic flex-ibility while maintaining efficiency. The paper will also highlight the implementation andverification aspects of the CBME chip design. In this paper, wideband CDMA is used as anexample to demonstrate the architecture concept.

Design and Experimental Validation of MIMO MultiuserDetection for Downlink Packet Data

Dragan Samardzija, Angel Lozano, and Constantinos B. Papadias

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1769

In single-user MIMO communication, the first-order throughput scaling is determined bythe smallest of the number of transmit and receive antennas. This typically renders termi-nals the constraining bottleneck. In a multiuser downlink, this bottleneck can be bypassedby having the base station communicate with multiple terminals simultaneously, in whichcase the receive antennas at those terminals are effectively pooled in terms of the capac-ity scaling. This, however, requires that the base have instantaneous channel information.Without such information, the structure and statistics of the channel can be exploited toform multiple simultaneous beams towards the various users, but these beams are in gen-eral mutually interfering. This paper proposes the use of multiuser detection to discrimi-nate the signals conveyed over interfering beams. This approach is formulated and experi-mentally evaluated on an HSDPA MIMO testbed that involves a commercial base station,multiantenna terminals, and custom ASICs.

EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing, Volume 2005, No. 12, 21 July 2005

c© 2005 Hindawi Publishing Corporation

Volume 2005, No. 12, 21 July 2005

Contents and Abstracts

Perceptual Audio Hashing Functions Open Access

Hamza Ozer, Bulent Sankur, Nasir Memon, and Emin Anarım

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1780

Perceptual hash functions provide a tool for fast and reliable identification of content. Wepresent new audio hash functions based on summarization of the time-frequency spectralcharacteristics of an audio document. The proposed hash functions are based on the peri-odicity series of the fundamental frequency and on singular-value description of the cepstralfrequencies. They are found, on one hand, to perform very satisfactorily in identificationand verification tests, and on the other hand, to be very resilient to a large variety of attacks.Moreover, we address the issue of security of hashes and propose a keying technique, andthereby a key-dependent hash function.

A Statistical and Spectral Model for RepresentingNoisy Sounds with Short-Time Sinusoids Open Access

Pierre Hanna and Myriam Desainte-Catherine

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1794

We propose an original model for noise analysis, transformation, and synthesis: the CNSSmodel. Noisy sounds are represented with short-time sinusoids whose frequencies andphases are random variables. This spectral and statistical model represents informationabout the spectral density of frequencies. This perceptually relevant property is modeled bythree mathematical parameters that define the distribution of the frequencies. This modelalso represents the spectral envelope. The mathematical parameters are defined and theanalysis algorithms to extract these parameters from sounds are introduced. Then algo-rithms for generating sounds from the parameters of the model are presented. Applicationsof this model include tools for composers, psychoacoustic experiments, and pedagogy.

Reduced-Complexity Deterministic Annealingfor Vector Quantizer Design

Kemal Demirciler and Antonio Ortega

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1807

This paper presents a reduced-complexity deterministic annealing (DA) approach for vec-tor quantizer (VQ) design by using soft information processing with simplified assignmentmeasures. Low-complexity distributions are designed to mimic the Gibbs distribution,

Regular Issue, Vol. 2005, No. 12, 21 July 2005 81

where the latter is the optimal distribution used in the standard DA method. These low-complexity distributions are simple enough to facilitate fast computation, but at the sametime they can closely approximate the Gibbs distribution to result in near-optimal perfor-mance. We have also derived the theoretical performance loss at a given system entropy dueto using the simple soft measures instead of the optimal Gibbs measure. We use the derivedresult to obtain optimal annealing schedules for the simple soft measures that approxi-mate the annealing schedule for the optimal Gibbs distribution. The proposed reduced-complexity DA algorithms have significantly improved the quality of the final codebookscompared to the generalized Lloyd algorithm and standard stochastic relaxation techniques,both with and without the pairwise nearest neighbor (PNN) codebook initialization. Theproposed algorithms are able to evade the local minima and the results show that they arenot sensitive to the choice of the initial codebook. Compared to the standard DA approach,the reduced-complexity DA algorithms can operate over 100 times faster with negligibleperformance difference. For example, for the design of a 16-dimensional vector quantizerhaving a rate of 0.4375 bit/sample for Gaussian source, the standard DA algorithm achieved3.60 dB performance in 16 483 CPU seconds, whereas the reduced-complexity DA algo-rithm achieved the same performance in 136 CPU seconds. Other than VQ design, the DAtechniques are applicable to problems such as classification, clustering, and resource alloca-tion.

New Hybrid Error Concealment for Digital Compressed Video

Ofer Hadar, Merav Huber, Revital Huber, and Shlomo Greenberg

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1821

Transmission of a compressed video signal over a lossy communication network exposesthe information to losses and errors, which leads to significant visible errors in the recon-structed frames at the decoder side. In this paper we present a new hybrid error conceal-ment algorithm for compressed video sequences, based on temporal and spatial conceal-ment methods. We describe spatial and temporal techniques for the recovery of lost blocks.In particular, we develop postprocessing techniques for the reconstruction of missing ordamaged macroblocks. A new decision support tree is developed to efficiently choose thebest appropriate error concealment method, according to the spatial and temporal charac-teristics of the sequence. The proposed algorithm is compared to three error concealmentmethods: spatial, temporal, and a previous hybrid approach using different noise levels.The results are evaluated using four quality measures. We show that our error concealmentscheme outperforms all the other three methods for all the tested video sequences.

Optimized Multichannel Filter Bank with Flat FrequencyResponse for Texture Segmentation

Nezamoddin N. Kachouie and Javad Alirezaie

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1834

Previous approaches to texture analysis and segmentation use multichannel filtering by ap-plying a set of filters in the frequency domain or a set of masks in the spatial domain. Thispaper presents two new texture segmentation algorithms based on multichannel filtering

82 Regular Issue, Vol. 2005, No. 12, 21 July 2005

in conjunction with neural networks for feature extraction and segmentation. The featuresextracted by Gabor filters have been applied for image segmentation and analysis. Suitablechoices of filter parameters and filter bank coverage in the frequency domain to optimize thefilters are discussed. Here we introduce two methods to optimize Gabor filter bank. First,a Gabor filter bank with a flat response is implemented and the optimal feature dimensionis extracted by competitive networks. Second, a subset of Gabor filter bank is selected tocompose the best discriminative filters, so that each filter in this small set can discriminate apair of textures in a given image. In both approaches, multilayer perceptrons are employedto segment the extracted features. The comparisons of segmentation results generated us-ing the proposed methods and previous research using Gabor, discrete cosine transform(DCT), and Laws filters are presented. Finally, the segmentation results generated by apply-ing the optimized filter banks to textured images are presented and discussed.

An Integrated Dynamic Scene Algorithm forSegmentation and Motion Estimation

Ikhlas Abdel-Qader and Tomislav Bujanovic

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1845

Segmentation and motion estimation are two problems that require accurate estimation formany applications in computer vision and image analysis. This work presents a solution tothese two problems simultaneously. Both the segmentation and motion fields are integratedand estimated in parallel to reduce computation time. The presented algorithm is based onproducing motion estimates and restored pixel intensity values through an optimizationprocess that uses deterministic mean-field annealing (MFA) framework. The MFA resultsat different temperature values are used to run a segmentation process using the concept ofregion-growing-based algorithm. The segmentation process starts at high temperatures andcontinues in parallel to the annealing process to refine the segmentation process at lowertemperatures. The algorithm results are good and dependent on the annealing parameters.Several experimental results from synthetic and real-world sequences are presented.

Ultra-Wideband Source Localization Usinga Particle-Swarm-Optimized CaponEstimator from a Frequency-DependentChannel Modeling Viewpoint

Yifan Chen and Vimal K. Dubey

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1854

We introduce a realistic frequency-dependent channel model for ultra-wideband (UWB)communication systems and develop a generalized broadband Capon spatial spectrum esti-mator for localization of multiple incoherently distributed scattering clusters. The proposedestimator is able to address the three crucial features of practical UWB impulse propaga-tion: presence of local scattering for multiple incoherently distributed clusters, widebandarray signals, and frequency-dependent dispersive effects. The particle-swarm optimiza-tion, which is a recently invented high-performance optimizer based on the movement

Regular Issue, Vol. 2005, No. 12, 21 July 2005 83

and intelligence of swarms, is then implemented to perform a multidimensional param-eter search to jointly estimate the source central angles, the polynomial regression coeffi-cients for angle spreads, and the frequency-dependence of various clusters. Numerical ex-periments are also carried out to examine the performance of the algorithm under variousenvironments and model mismatches.

Real-Time Landmine Detection with Ground-Penetrating RadarUsing Discriminative and Adaptive Hidden Markov ModelsHichem Frigui, K. C. Ho, and Paul Gader

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1867We propose a real-time software system for landmine detection using ground-penetratingradar (GPR). The system includes an efficient and adaptive preprocessing component; ahidden Markov model- (HMM-) based detector; a corrective training component; and anincremental update of the background model. The preprocessing is based on frequency-domain processing and performs ground-level alignment and background removal. TheHMM detector is an improvement of a previously proposed system (baseline). It includesadditional pre- and postprocessing steps to improve the time efficiency and enable real-timeapplication. It also treats the sensors’ channels independently and uses one backgroundmodel per channel. This allows parallel processing of the different channels and better adap-tation. The corrective training component is used to adjust the initial model parameters tominimize the number of misclassification sequences. This component could be used of-fline, using a signature library, to adjust the parameters of a generic model. It could also beused in a real-world operational mode, using feedback, to adapt an initial model to specificsites and environments. The background update component adjusts the parameters of thebackground model to adapt it to each lane during testing. The proposed software system isapplied to data acquired from several outdoor test sites, using a state-of-the-art array GPRprototype. Three data collections, acquired from three different geographical sites, wereused. The first collection was used to construct a large signature library of both mines andclutter/background. This library was used to train the baseline system. The other two col-lections contain lane data acquired from over 12 000 m2 of simulated dirt and gravel roads.One lane from each collection was used to adapt the baseline parameters to each site, andthe remaining lanes were used for testing. Our results indicate that, on average, the correc-tive training can improve the performance by about 10% for each site. For individual lanes,the performance gain can reach 50%. In general, the best gain in performance is usuallyobtained for the difficult lanes that had low mine detection and high false-alarm rates usingthe baseline parameters.

Instantaneous Frequency Estimation UsingStochastic Calculus and BootstrappingA. Abutaleb

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1886Stochastic calculus methods are used to estimate the instantaneous frequency of a signal.The frequency is modeled as a polynomial in time. It is assumed that the phase has aBrownian-motion component. Using stochastic calculus, one is able to develop a stochastic

84 Regular Issue, Vol. 2005, No. 12, 21 July 2005

differential equation that relates the observations to instantaneous frequency. Pseudo-maximum likelihood estimates are obtained through Girsanov theory and the Radon-Nikodym derivative. Bootstrapping is used to find the bias and the confidence interval ofthe estimates of the instantaneous frequency. An approximate expression for the Cramer-Rao lower bound is derived. An example is given, and a comparison to existing methods isprovided.

Fast DCT-I, DCT-III, and DCT-IV via MomentsJ. G. Liu, Y. Z. Liu, and G. Y. Wang

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1902This paper presents a novel approach to compute DCT-I, DCT-III, and DCT-IV. By using amodular mapping and truncating, DCTs are approximated by linear sums of discrete mo-ments computed fast only through additions. This enables us to use computational tech-niques developed for computing moments to compute DCTs efficiently. We demonstratethis by applying our earlier systolic solution to this problem. The method can also be ap-plied to multidimensional DCTs as well as their inverses.

Design of Nonrecursive Digital Filters Usingthe Ultraspherical Window FunctionStuart W. A. Bergen and Andreas Antoniou

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1910An efficient method for the design of nonrecursive digital filters using the ultrasphericalwindow function is proposed. Economies in computation are achieved in two ways. First,through an efficient formulation of the window coefficients, the amount of computationrequired is reduced to a small fraction of that required by standard methods. Second, thefilter length and the independent window parameters that would be required to achieveprescribed specifications in lowpass, highpass, bandpass, and bandstop filters as well as indigital differentiators and Hilbert transformers are efficiently determined through empiricalformulas. Experimental results demonstrate that in many cases the ultraspherical windowyields a lower-order filter relative to designs obtained using windows like the Kaiser, Dolph-Chebyshev, and Saramaki windows. Alternatively, for a fixed filter length, the ultrasphericalwindow yields reduced passband ripple and increased stopband attenuation relative to thoseproduced when using the alternative windows.

Cryptanalysis of the Two-DimensionalCirculation Encryption AlgorithmChristophe De Canniere, Joseph Lano, and Bart Preneel

DOI: 10.1155/ASP.2005.1923We analyze the security of the two-dimensional circulation encryption algorithm (TD-CEA), recently published by Chen et al. in this journal. We show that there are several flawsin the algorithm and describe some attacks. We also address performance issues in currentcryptographic designs.

EURASIP JASP FORTHCOMING SPECIAL ISSUES

Advances in Intelligent Vision Systems: Methods and Applications

Guest Editors: Jacques Blanc-Talon and Wilfried Philips

Computer vision has proved especially successful in well-constrained industrial environ-ments (for instance, when illumination, objects types, and orientations are known). How-ever, in many practical applications such as airborne or remote sensing, medical imaging,face recognition, outdoor robotics, and surveillance applications, the environment canscarcely be controlled.

These challenging applications require a more sophisticated approach. The resultingintelligent computer vision systems usually integrate several image and video processingalgorithms, ranging from low-level preprocessing and medium-level algorithms to high-level recognition techniques. These solutions usually involve a specific adaptation of genericimage processing techniques to the application.

This special issue will be dedicated to original contributions on state-of-the-art com-ponents at any of the above-mentioned three levels of an intelligent vision system and ontheir interconnection. We also welcome submissions detailing complete vision systems orspecific applications.

Trends in Brain-Computer InterfacesGuest Editors: Jean-Marc Vesin and Touradj Ebrahimi

Brain-computer interfaces (BCI), an emerging domain in the field of man-machine inter-action, have attracted increasing attention in the last few years. Among reasons, one maycite the expansion of neurosciences, the development of powerful information processingand machine learning techniques and, last but not least, the mere fascination exerted by adirect control of human intellect upon the material world.

The goal of this special issue is to present a broad overview of state-of-the-art ap-proaches to brain-computer communication with emphasis on signal processing issues.

DSP-Enabled RadioGuest Editors: Robert W. Stewart, Stephan Weiss, and Michael W. Hoffman

Digital signal processing has experienced a tremendous growth in order to bring applica-tions such as 2G and 3G mobile communications and wireless LAN to mass markets. Theadvance in DAC and ADC technology to sampling rates of around 100 MHz at high bit res-olution has allowed DSP to be employed for versatile transmission and receiver tasks, whichare most pronounced in programmable software radios characterised by their reconfigura-bility for multiband and/or multimode operations in potentially mobile devices.

In the past five years, this research area has witnessed a substantial increase in activity,with a number of events and special issues dedicated to the fast-expanding topic of software-defined radios. However, as the foundations advance, with sampling rates reaching the GHzrange with good multibit resolution over the next few years and smart antennas being in-corporated into transceiver systems, the challenges for both the design and implementationof DSP algorithms in programmable radio systems advance as well.

86 EURASIP JASP Forthcoming Special Issues

Therefore, this special issue aims to present an overview of current research into DSPdesign, algorithms, and methods that may shape the development of future radio systemsand wireless networks.

DSP in Hearing Aids and Cochlear Implants

Guest Editors: Søren Holdt Jensen, Simon Doclo, Philippe Pango,Søren Riis, and Jan Wouters

Digital signal processing for hearing aids was initiated as a topic of research in the mid-late 1980s. However, it was not until 1995 that technology was matured to a level wheresize and power consumption made a market introduction of hearing aids with full digitalsignal processing possible. Today more and more hearing aids are turning digital even in thelow-price segments. Current technology enables hearing aids that fit completely in the earcanal, and the introduction of truly programmable platforms has allowed the developmentof advanced digital signal processing algorithms that provide a natural sound picture withincreased speech intelligibility and comfort to the hearing-impaired user.

Such signal processing technology is now also being adopted in cochlear implants. Acochlear implant needs, in addition, a sound processing strategy that converts the acousticalsignal into electrical signals to be applied to the electrodes placed in the cochlea. The designof such sound processing strategies poses additional signal processing challenges, but at thesame time builds on knowledge acquired through physiological and psychophysical studies.

The goal of this special issue is to present research in signal processing methods andalgorithms for hearing aids and cochlear implants.

Applications of Signal Processing in Astrophysics and Cosmology

Guest Editors: Ercan E. Kuruoglu and Carlo Baccigalupi

Recent satellite missions such as WMAP (Wilkinson anisotropy probe) have provided scien-tists with vast amounts of data which need to be analysed to extract vital information aboutthe universe. In particular, scientists are interested in separating various sources in the ra-diation maps such as the cosmic microwave background radiation which provides a pictureof the early universe shortly after the big bang and information about the future evolutionof the universe. Many astrophysics problems, as in this specific example, require dealingwith prohibitive amounts of the data which are nonstationary, non-Gaussian, and are cor-rupted severely by noise and nonlinearities in the measurement process. These challenges,which cannot be met by classical data analysis methods, have required the utilisation ofthe state-of-the-art signal processing techniques and, in the lack of suitable methods, havefuelled research into the development of new ones such as in the case of nonlinear spec-tral estimation. Similarly, techniques such as wavelet transforms and advanced signal sep-aration techniques have been translated into the astrophysics field and have demonstratedpromising results. Data mining and classification techniques coupled with the advances inthe computational power have enabled the processing of data of big dimensions almost inreal time which allowed the focusing of the astrophysics and the cosmology community onpreviously untractable problems in anticipation of new measurements to arrive from thePlanck satellite.

EURASIP JASP Forthcoming Special Issues 87

This new and active research field is producing a wealth of scientific papers and con-ference proceedings. On the other hand, up to now, most literature have been published inastrophysics and cosmology journals and therefore have not attracted much attention in thesignal processing field delaying crucial input from signal processing experts. In this specialissue, we would like to create a forum in which the signal processing community would beintroduced to the real problems in the astrophysics field as well as drawing the attention ofthe astrophysics community to the availability of signal processing tools for the solution ofthe problems, hence aiming at a cross fertilisation of ideas.

Advances in Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar Processing

Guest Editors: Gianfranco Fornaro, Fabrizio Lombardini, Roland Romeiser,and Shane Cloude

Interferometric methods have successfully expanded in the last two decades the remote-sensing capabilities of high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR), providing efficientoperational topographic mapping and displacement monitoring tools for land and ice ap-plications, and promising techniques for surface ocean velocity sensing and forest param-eters estimation. The need for advanced signal processing techniques within the interfero-metric SAR processing field is continuously increasing, for improving existing functional-ities, producing novel parameter extraction capabilities, and fully exploiting the potentialsoriginated by new complex experimented and planned interferometric SAR sensor systems.

This special issue is seeking original research contributions in the development andassessment of advanced models and new signal processing algorithms in the interferometricSAR field, with an approach oriented towards the exploitation of statistical methods and of(baseline, time, frequency, or polarization) acquisition diversity, to face the challenges of anaccurate, reliable, and fully capable interferometric radar remote sensing and to deal withincreasingly various and difficult scenarios.

In particular, papers are concerned with the fertilization and application of methodsand concepts from areas such as filtering, parameter estimation, detection, spectral estima-tion, array processing, model inversion, data fusion, and phenomenological-or physical-based statistical modeling.

Information Mining from Multimedia Databases

Guest Editors: Ling Guan, Horace H. S. Ip, Paul H. Lewis,Hau-San Wong, and Paisarn Muneesawang

The main focus of this special issue is on information mining techniques for the extractionand interpretation of semantic contents in multimedia databases. Due to the spatiotempo-ral nature of most multimedia data streams, an important requirement for this informationmining process is the accurate extraction and characterization of salient events from theoriginal signal-based representation, and the discovery of possible relationships betweenthese events in the form of high-level association rules. The availability of these high-levelrepresentations will play an important role in applications such as content-based multi-media information retrieval, surveillance, and automatic image/video annotation. For thisproblem, the main challenges are in the design and analysis of mapping techniques betweenthe signal-level and semantic-level representations, and the adaptive characterization of the

88 EURASIP JASP Forthcoming Special Issues

notion of saliency for multimedia events in view of its dependence on the preferences ofindividual users and specific contexts. In other words, the eventual objective is to bridgethe gap between the low-level feature representation and the high-level interpretation ofmultimedia contents.

Frames and Overcomplete Representations in Signal Processing,Communications, and Information Theory

Guest Editors: Radu V. Balan, Yonina C. Eldar, and Thomas Strohmer

Many problems in signal processing, communications, and information theory deal withlinear signal expansions. The corresponding basis functions usually constitute a nonre-dundant set. It is well known that the use of redundancy in engineering systems improvesrobustness and numerical stability. Motivated by this observation, the use of redundantlinear signal expansions (a.k.a. “frames” or “overcomplete representations”) has foundwidespread use in many different engineering disciplines. Recent examples include sam-pling theory, A/D conversion, oversampled filter banks, multiple description source cod-ing, error correcting codes, wavelet- and frame-based denoising, quantum detection andestimation, and space-time coding for wireless communications.

This special issue aims to present survey papers on frame theory and its applications andto bring together original contributions from the different areas mentioned above, contain-ing original applications of frame theory. Prospective papers should be unpublished andpresent novel contributions, either in terms of fundamental research or from an applica-tions perspective, or should be of survey nature.

Design Methods for DSP Systems

Guest Editors: Bernhard Wess, Shuvra S. Bhattacharyya, and Markus Rupp

Industrial implementations of DSP systems today require extreme complexity. Examplesare wireless systems satisfying standards like WLAN or 3GPP, hearing aids components ortransceivers for home building automation. At the same time, often harsh constraints likelow power requirements burden the designer even more. Conventional methods for ASICdesign are not sufficient any more to guarantee a fast conversion from initial concept to finalproduct. In industry, the problem has been addressed by the wording design crisis or designgap. While this design gap exists in a complexity gap, that is, a difference between existing,available, and demanded complexity, there is also a productivity gap, that is, the differencebetween available complexity and how much we are able to efficiently convert into gate levelrepresentations. This special issue intends to present recent solutions to such gaps address-ing algorithmic design methods, algorithms for floating-to-fixed-point conversion, auto-matic DSP coding strategies, architectural exploration methods, hardware/software parti-tioning, virtual and rapid prototyping, as well as automatic testing and verification.

EURASIP JASP Forthcoming Special Issues 89

Radar Space-Time Adaptive Processing

Guest Editors: Jacques G. Verly, Fabian D. Lapierre, Joseph R. Guerci, BrahamHimed, Richard Klemm, Marc Lesturgie, and James Ward

Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is a technique originally developped for detectingslow-moving targets from airborne radars. Although the main principles of STAP have beenknown for many years, the field has experienced a regain of interest in the early 1990s as aresult of the significant increase in computational power.

Much of the 1990s focused on monostatic STAP configurations (where the transmit-ter and receiver are collocated) and on computationally efficient partially adaptive andbeamspace techniques. More recently, much of the attention has shifted to the much morechallenging case of bistatic configurations (where the transmitter and receiver are locatedon distinct, independently moving platforms).

Another major challenge to STAP systems is operation in strong heterogeneous environ-ments that preclude conventional covariance estimation techniques based on a wide-sensestationarity assumption. Knowledge-aided methods have recently emerged as a potentialsolution to this problem. In addition, we are currently seeing STAP techniques moving intonew areas such as sonar and communications.

The goal of this special issue is to discuss the state of the art in radar STAP techniques(suboptimal, bistatic, etc.) and to explain why STAP techniques are also proving useful indomains that were probably not initially anticipated.

Papers should emphasize advanced signal processing techniques, applications to realdata, systems issues, and new concepts and applications.

Super-Resolution Imaging: Analysis, Algorithms, and Applications

Guest Editors: Michael Ng, Tony Chan, Moon Gi Kang, and Peyman Milanfar

The recent increase in the wide use of digital imaging technologies in consumer (e.g., digitalvideo) and other markets (e.g., security and military) has brought with it a simultaneousdemand for higher-resolution images. The demand for such high-resolution (HR) imagescan be met by algorithmic advances in super-resolution (SR) technology in place of—orin tandem with—hardware development. Such HR images not only give the viewer a morepleasing picture but also offer additional details that are important for subsequent analysisin many applications.

The current approach to obtaining HR images mainly relies on sensor manufacturingtechnology that attempts to increase the number of pixels per unit area by reducing thepixel size. However, the cost for high-precision optics and sensors may be prohibitive forgeneral purpose commercial applications, and there is a limitation to pixel size reductiondue to shot noise encountered in the sensor itself. Therefore, a resolution enhancement(super-resolution) approach using computational, mathematical, and statistical techniqueshas received a great deal of attention recently. The relevant signal processing technology forthis SR approach to high-quality imaging is the topic of this special issue.

The scope of techniques intended to overcome the above limitations that will be coveredin this special issue will include: enhancement in spatial resolution for both gray-scale andcolor images and video, suppression of signal dependent noise, and various other associatedartifacts.

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Because of the recent emergence of many key relevant computational, mathematical,and statistical techniques, and the increasing importance of digital imaging technology, aspecial issue of the EURASIP JASP dedicated to the topic of SR imaging is quite timely.

Implementation Aspects and Testbeds for MIMO SystemsGuest Editors: Andre Bourdoux, Thomas Kaiser, Markus Rupp, and Ulrich Heute

MIMO (multiple input multiple output) systems have emerged as a key technology forwireless local area networks (WLAN), wireless metropolitan area networks (WMAN), andcellular mobile communication systems (3G, 4G) because they promise greater coverage,higher data rates, and improved link robustness by adding a spatial dimension to the time,frequency, and code dimensions. Recent progress in standardization and first MIMO pro-totype chipsets force manufacturers worldwide to pay more attention to MIMO implemen-tation aspects. Moreover, MIMO testbeds become more and more attractive to universitiesand research institutes as has been observed in the past few years. The aim of this specialissue is to reflect the current state of the art of MIMO testbeds and to point out the nu-merous MIMO implementation challenges for current and future wireless communicationstandards.

Advanced Signal Processing for Digital Subscriber LinesGuest Editors: Raphael Cendrillon, Iain Collings, Tomas Nordstrom, Frank Sjoberg,Michail Tsatsanis, and Wei Yu

The recent deployment of digital subscriber line (DSL) technology around the world israpidly making broadband access for the mass consumer market a reality. DSL allows tele-phone operators to get maximum leverage out of their existing infrastructure by deliver-ing broadband access over existing twisted-pair telephone lines. At the heart of DSL lies aplethora of advanced signal processing techniques which enable such high-speed transmis-sion to be achieved over a medium originally designed with only voice-band transmissionin mind. As DSL networks are deployed, customer demand for ever higher data rates isgrowing. This has been fueled by the increasing popularity of applications like peer-to-peer(P2P) file-sharing networks, video streaming, and HDTV.

Achieving such high data rates will require the development of new, advancedsignal processing techniques to address many issues that still exist in DSL networkssuch as crosstalk, impulse noise, high peak-to-average power ratios (PAPR), intersym-bol/intercarrier interference (ISI/ICI), and radio frequency interference (RFI). The goal ofthis special issue is to discuss the state of the art in signal processing techniques for DSL.

Advances in Multimicrophone Speech ProcessingGuest Editors: Jacob Benesty, Joerg Bitzer, Israel Cohen, Simon Doclo, SharonGannot, Rainer Martin, and Sven Nordholm

Speech quality may significantly deteriorate in the presence of interference, especially whenthe speech signal is also subject to reverberation. Consequently, modern communicationssystems, such as cellular phones, employ some speech enhancement procedure at the pre-processing stage, prior to further processing (e.g., speech coding).

EURASIP JASP Forthcoming Special Issues 91

Generally, the performance of single-microphone techniques is limited, since thesetechniques can utilize only spectral information. Especially for the dereverberation prob-lem, no adequate single-microphone enhancement techniques are presently available.Hence, in many applications such as hands-free mobile telephony, voice-controlled sys-tems, and teleconferencing and hearing instruments, a growing tendency exists to movefrom single-microphone systems to multimicrophone systems. Although multimicrophonesystems come at an increased cost, they exhibit the advantage of incorporating both spatialand spectral information.

The use of multimicrophone systems raises many practical considerations such as track-ing the desired speech source and robustness to unknown microphone positions. Further-more, due to the increased computational load, real-time algorithms are more difficult toobtain and hence the efficiency of the algorithms becomes a major issue.

The main focus of this special issue is on emerging methods for speech processing usingmultimicrophone arrays.

Performance Evaluation in Image Processing

Guest Editors: Michael Wirth, Matteo Fraschini, Martin Masek, MichelBruynooghe, and Chandrasekhar

The task of analyzing the results of an algorithm through testing is an essential qualificationof algorithm design. A major limitation in the design of image processing algorithms liesin the difficulty in demonstrating that algorithms work to an acceptable measure of perfor-mance. The purpose of algorithm testing is twofold. Firstly, it provides either a qualitative ora quantitative method of evaluating an algorithm. Secondly, it provides a comparative mea-sure of the algorithm against similar algorithms, assuming similar criteria are used. One ofthe greatest caveats in designing algorithms incorporating image processing is how to con-ceive the criteria used to analyze the results. Do we design criteria which measure sensitivity,robustness, or accuracy? Performance evaluation in the broadest sense refers to a measureof some required behavior of an algorithm, whether it is achievable accuracy, robustness, oradaptability. It allows the intrinsic characteristics of an algorithm to be emphasized, as wellas evaluation of its benefits and limitations.

Selection of an appropriate evaluation methodology is dependent on the objective ofthe task. For example, in the context of image enhancement, requirements are essentiallydifferent for screen-based enhancement and enhancement which is embedded within a sub-algorithm. Screen-based enhancement is usually assessed in a subjective manner, whereaswhen an algorithm is encapsulated within a larger system, subjective evaluation is not avail-able, and the algorithm itself must determine the quality of a processed image. Very fewapproaches to the evaluation of image processing algorithms can be found in the literature,although the concept has been around for decades. A significant difficulty which arises inthe evaluation of algorithms is finding suitable metrics which provide an objective measureof performance. A performance metric is a meaningful and computable measure used forquantitatively evaluating the performance of any algorithm. There is no single quantitativemetric which correlates well with image quality as perceived by the human visual system.The process of analyzing failure is intrinsically coupled with the process of performanceevaluation. In order to ascertain whether an algorithm fails or not, the characteristics ofsuccess have to be defined. Failure analysis is the process of determining why an algorithm

92 EURASIP JASP Forthcoming Special Issues

fails during testing. The knowledge generated is then fed back to the design process in or-der to engender refinements in the algorithm. The goal of this special issue is to present anoverview of current methodologies related to performance evaluation, performance met-rics, and failure analysis of image processing algorithms.

Video Analysis and Coding for Robust TransmissionGuest Editors: Beatrice Pesquet-Popescu, Adriana Dumitras, and Benoıt Macq

Increasing heterogeneity of networks and diversity of user capabilities have determined andsustained a strong interest in robust coding of visual content and flexible adaptation of thebitstreams to network and user conditions. As a result, several methods for robust codingand transmission have been proposed that include multiple description coding, motion-compensated subband video coding, joint source-channel coding, integrated compressionand error control, and adaptation/transcoding solutions. These typically increase transmis-sion robustness and network- and user-awareness by using scalability, error resilience, andadaptivity at little or sometimes no extra cost in coding efficiency. However, the perfor-mance of these methods is affected by the diversity of, and complex interactions within, thevisual content. Analysis methods can improve the performance of robust methods for cod-ing and transmission by providing solutions to account for vastly different characteristics ofthe synthetic and natural, still and moving, 2D, 3D, and 4D pictures, complex interactionsbetween natural and synthetic data, and security requirements related to the visual content,to achieve optimal or near-optimal robust solutions.

Visual analysis methods provide low-level and high-level descriptions of the contentin terms of their spatial and temporal characteristics. They have been shown to improvecompression efficiency when applied to frame-type decisions, coding parameters selections,mode decisions, rate control, and background modelling. The application of visual analy-sis methods within robust coding and transmission frameworks such as those mentionedearlier yields content-aware error resilient solutions, improves prioritization of the visualcontent for coding and transmission, and enables the application of content security meth-ods to the visual content.

Advanced Signal/Image Processing Techniques for Bioinformatics

Guest Editors: Xue-Wen Chen, Sun Kim, Vladimir Pavlovic, and David Casasent

The success of bioinformatics in recent years has been prompted by the advanced signalprocessing technologies, in particular, estimation theory, classification, pattern recognition,information theory, networks, imaging, image processing, coding theory, and speech recog-nition. For example, Fourier analysis methods are used to elucidate the relationship betweensequence structure and function; wavelet analysis methods have been applied in sequencecomparison and classification; and various image processing methods have been developedto improve microarray image quality.

The development of advanced high-throughput technologies, such as genome sequenc-ing and whole genome expression analysis, creates new opportunities and poses new chal-lenges to the signal processing community. It provides an interesting application domainfor signal processing that analyzes data for life science problems such as time series simu-lation and prediction, casual modeling, and structure prediction. It is drawing a growing

EURASIP JASP Forthcoming Special Issues 93

interest from the signal processing community. The goal of this special issue is to presentcutting-edge signal processing methods with applications to bioinformatics. While such re-search is of interdisciplinary nature, this special issue will focus on computational aspectsof bioinformatics research.

Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar

Guest Editors: John Homer, James Palmer, Marco Martorella, Brad Littleton,Fabrizio Berizzi, Victor Chen, and Dennis Longstaff

Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) is a powerful signal processing technique that canprovide an electromagnetic image of a target. ISAR images may be obtained by coherentlyprocessing the received target echoes of wide bandwidth transmitted pulses. This techniqueis typically applied to a stationary monostatic radar configuration observing a moving tar-get, and relies on the target’s rotation to form the synthetic aperture. ISAR imaging tech-niques have been extensively employed over the last few years in improving target classifica-tion algorithms, specifically those attempting to identify ship, airborne, and orbiting targets.These improvements have been made possible through the advances that have occurred insignal processing techniques, such as those made in ISAR blind motion compensation orautofocussing, polarimetry-based classification, super resolution, and the suppression orexploitation of multipath effects.

Furthermore, the recent resurgence of bistatic and multistatic radars has resulted in anawareness of extra parameters in the fundamental ISAR imaging processes that provide, forexample, 3D and/or interferometric capabilities. The significant advances made in comput-ing technology also impacts on the ability of the user to employ these new signal processingtechniques in applications that require rapid target identification.

The goal of this special issue is to discuss the state of the art in ISAR imaging and signalprocessing techniques.

This special issue will focus on such seamless integration of visual analysis methods in,or joint design with, robust compression and transmission solutions.

Wireless Location Technologies and Applications

Guest Editors: Ian Oppermann, Domenico Porcino, and Thomas Kaiser

The development of communications systems that include location and tracking capabili-ties has generated great interest in cellular and wireless local/personal area networks. A hostof potential services can be enabled by suitably accurate location and tracking facilities inconjunction with appropriate communications and data transfer platforms.

From established radio techniques, such as WLAN (e.g., IEEE 802.11 a/b/g), to emerg-ing WPAN networks (e.g., Bluetooth and IEEE 802.15.4) to newer Ultra-Wideband (UWB)systems (e.g., IEEE 802.15.3a and IEEE 802.15.4a), a common denominator to drive adop-tion and growth is implementing innovative services in addition to data transfer. Whetherthe positioning techniques are based on signal strength, time of flight, or on fingerprintingtechniques, they offer the potential for new applications which rely on the knowledge of thelocation of the wireless nodes.

A large number of issues must be addressed to move from coarse delay measurementto useful range estimation for tracking purposes. Issues include generation of accurate

94 EURASIP JASP Forthcoming Special Issues

delay/ranging estimates, proper operation in dense multipath environments, delay/ranginginformation sharing between nodes, computationally efficient algorithms, algorithms forlow infrastructure environments, dealing with NLOS as well as integration with usable ap-plications. This special issue will address the state of the art in wireless location technologiesand applications with particular emphasis on accurate results in low infrastructure environ-ments.

Reliable Communications over Rapidly Time-Varying Channels

Guest Editors: Geert Leus, Georgios Giannakis, Jean-Paul Linnartz, Xiaoli Ma,Ananthram Swami, and Cihan Tepedelenlioglu

Wireless communications have become an important part of everyday life. Think for in-stance about mobile telephone applications, wireless local area networks (WLANs), wire-less ad hoc networks, and so forth. Most of these systems have been designed assuming thatthe channel can be regarded as constant over a block of data. Nonetheless, market studiespredict a rapid growth of high data rate mobile applications such as watching TV on mobilephones. In such mobile applications, Doppler shifts introduce temporal channel variations,which become more pronounced as the carrier frequency increases, and basically violatethe time-invariance assumption. As a result, many existing wireless systems can only pro-vide low data rates at high mobility (e.g., UMTS) or even break down completely at highspeeds (e.g., DVB-T and IEEE802.16).

This special issue therefore focuses on communications over rapidly time-varying chan-nels, which can not be viewed as time invariant over a frame. Different time-varyingchannel models have recently been proposed, such as the basis expansion model and theGauss-Markov model. Results are welcomed on how to estimate the channel parametersfor such models, and, related to that, what is the optimal training strategy. In addition,low-complexity equalization schemes for time-varying channels should receive some atten-tion, as well as joint precoder-decoder designs to boost the performance. Also, the behav-ior of existing multiple-access schemes in rapidly time-varying channels, such as the well-known code-division multiple-access (CDMA) scheme, as well as the development of novelmultiple-access schemes for rapidly time-varying channels are important research topicsthat require further investigation. Finally, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) com-munications and space-time coding (STC) over time-varying channels are very new areasthat urgently need to be covered.

This special issue is intended to gather new and insightful results on wireless communi-cations over rapidly time-varying channels, a challenging research topic that gains increas-ing attention due to its importance in future wireless applications. The results might forinstance be useful in the frame of the mobile extensions of DVB-T and IEEE802.16, e.g.,DVB-M and IEEE802.20.

EURASIP JOURNAL ON APPLIED SIGNAL PROCESSING

Special Issue on

Advances in Blind Source Separation

CALL FOR PAPERS

Almost every multichannel measurement includes mixtures of signals from several underly-ing sources. While the structure of the mixing process may be known to some degree, otherunknown parameters are necessary to demix the measured sensor data. The time coursesof the source signals and/or their locations in the source space are often unknown a prioriand can only be estimated by statistical means. In the analysis of such measurements, it isessential to separate the mixed signals before beginning postprocessing.

Blind source separation (BSS) techniques then allow separation of the source signalsfrom the measured mixtures. Many BSS problems may be solved using independent compo-nent analysis (ICA) or alternative approaches such as sparse component analysis (SCA) ornonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), evolving from information theoretical assump-tions that the underlying sources are mutually statistically independent, sparse, smooth,and/or nonnegative.

The aim of this special issue is to focus on recent developments in this expanding re-search area.

The special issue will focus on one hand on theoretical approaches for single- and mul-tichannel BSS, evolving from information theory, and especially on nonlinear blind sourceseparation methods, and on the other hand or their currently ever-widening range of ap-plications such as brain imaging, image coding and processing, dereverberation in noisyenvironments, and so forth.

Authors should follow the EURASIP JASP manuscript format described at the jour-nal site http://www.hindawi.com/journals/asp/. Prospective authors should submit an elec-tronic copy of their complete manuscript through the EURASIP JASP manuscript trackingsystem at http://www.mstracking.com/asp/, according to the following timetable:

Manuscript Due October 1, 2005

Acceptance Notification February 1, 2006

Final Manuscript Due May 1, 2006

Publication Date 3rd Quarter, 2006

GUEST EDITORS:

Scott Makeig, Swartz Center for Computational Neuroscience, Institute for NeuralComputation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0961, USA;smakeig@ucsd.edu

Andrzej Cichocki, Laboratory for Advanced Brain Signal Processing, Brain ScienceInstitute, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako,Saitama 351-0198, Japan; cia@brain.riken.go.jp

Frank Ehlers, Federal Armed Forces Underwater Acoustics and Marine GeophysicsResearch Institute, Klausdorfer Weg 2-24, 24148 Kiel, Germany; frankehlers@ieee.org

http://www.hindawi.com

EURASIP JOURNAL ON APPLIED SIGNAL PROCESSING

Special Issue on

Tracking in Video Sequences of Crowded Scenes

CALL FOR PAPERS

Object tracking in live video is an enabling technology that is in strong demand by largeapplication sectors, such as video surveillance for security and behavior analysis, trafficmonitoring, sports analysis for enhanced TV broadcasting and coaching, and human bodytracking for human-computer interaction and movie special effects.

Many techniques and systems have been developed and demonstrated for tracking ob-jects in video sequences. The specific goal of this special issue is to provide a status re-port regarding the state of the art in object tracking in crowded scenes based on the videostream(s) of one or more cameras. The objects can be people, animals, cars, and so forth.The cameras can be fixed or moving. Moving cameras may pan, tilt, and zoom in ways thatmay or may not be communicated to the tracking system.

All papers submitted must address at least the following two issues:

• Processing of live video feeds

For many applications in surveillance/security and TV sports broadcasting, the resultsof processing have value only if they can be provided to the end user within an application-defined delay. The submitted papers should present algorithms that are plausibly applicableto such incremental (causal) processing of live video feeds, given suitable hardware.

• Handling of crowded scenes

Crowded-scene situations range from relatively simple (e.g., players on a planar field ina soccer match) to very difficult (e.g., crowds on stairs in an airport or a train station). Thecentral difficulties in crowded scenes arise from the constantly changing occlusions of anynumber of objects by any number of other objects.

Occlusions can be resolved to some degree using a single video stream. However, manysituations of occlusion are more readily resolved by the simultaneous use of several camerasseparated by wide baselines. In addition to resolving ambiguities, multiple cameras also easethe exploitation of 3D structure, which can be important for trajectory estimation or eventdetection.

Topics of interest include principles and evaluation of relevant end-to-end systems orimportant components thereof, including (but not limited to):

• Handling of occlusions in the image plane in single-camera scenarios

• Handling of occlusions in a world coordinate system (3D, possibly degenerated to2D) in single- or multicamera scenarios

• Fusion of information from multiple cameras and construction of integrated spa-tiotemporal models of dynamic scenes

• 3D trajectory estimation• Tracking of multiple rigid, articulated, or nonrigid objects• Automatic recovery of camera pose from track data• Detection and recognition of events involving multiple objects (e.g., offside in soccer)

Papers must present a thorough evaluation of the performance of the system ormethod(s) proposed in one or more application areas such as video surveillance, security,sports analysis, behavior analysis, or traffic monitoring.

Authors should follow the EURASIP JASP manuscript format described at the jour-nal site http://www.hindawi.com/journals/asp/. Prospective authors should submit an elec-tronic copy of their complete manuscript through the EURASIP JASP manuscript trackingsystem at http://www.mstracking.com/asp/, according to the following timetable:

Manuscript Due October 1, 2005

Acceptance Notification February 1, 2006

Final Manuscript Due May 1, 2006

Publication Date 3rd Quarter, 2006

GUEST EDITORS:

Jacques G. Verly, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science,University of Lige (ULg), Sart Tilman, Building B28, 4000 Liege, Belgium;jacques.verly@ulg.ac.be

John MacCormick, Microsoft Research, Silicon Valley, 1065 La Avenida Mountain View,CA 94043, USA; jmacc@microsoft.com

Stephen McKenna, Division of Applied Computing, University of Dundee, Dundee DD14HN, Scotland, UK; stephen@computing.dundee.ac.uk

Justus H. Piater, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Universityof Liege (ULg), Sart Tilman, Building B28, 4000 Liege, Belgium; justus.piater@ulg.ac.be

http://www.hindawi.com

EURASIP JOURNAL ON APPLIED SIGNAL PROCESSING

Special Issue on

Advances in Subspace-Based Techniques for SignalProcessing and Communications

CALL FOR PAPERS

Subspace-based techniques have been studied extensively over the past two decades andhave proven to be very powerful for estimation and detection tasks in many signal process-ing and communications applications. Such techniques were initially investigated in thecontext of super-resolution parametric spectral analysis and the related problem of direc-tion finding. During the past decade or so, new potential applications have emerged, andsubspace methods have been proposed in several diverse fields such as smart antennas, sen-sor arrays, system identification, time delay estimation, blind channel estimation, imagesegmentation, speech enhancement, learning systems, and so forth.

Subspace-based methods not only provide new insight into the problem under inves-tigation but they also offer a good trade-off between achieved performance and computa-tional complexity. In most cases they can be considered as low cost alternatives to compu-tationally intensive maximum likelihood approaches.

The interest of the signal processing community in subspace-based schemes remainsstrong as is evident from the numerous articles and reports published in this area eachyear. Research efforts are currently focusing on the development of low-complexity adaptiveimplementations and their efficient use in applications, numerical stability, convergenceanalysis, and so forth.

The goal of this special issue is to present state-of-the-art subspace techniques for mod-ern applications and to address theoretical and implementation issues concerning this use-ful methodology.

Topics of interest include (but are not limited to):

• Efficient and stable subspace estimation and tracking methods• Subspace-based detection techniques• Sensor array signal processing• Smart antennas• Space-time, multiuser, multicarrier communications• System identification and blind channel estimation• State-space model estimation and change detection

• Learning and classification• Speech processing (enhancement, recognition)• Biomedical signal processing• Image processing (face recognition, compression, restoration)

Authors should follow the EURASIP JASP manuscript format described at the jour-nal site http://www.hindawi.com/journals/asp/. Prospective authors should submit an elec-tronic copy of their complete manuscript through the EURASIP JASP manuscript trackingsystem at http://www.mstracking.com/asp/, according to the following timetable:

Manuscript Due October 1, 2005

Acceptance Notification February 1, 2006

Final Manuscript Due May 1, 2006

Publication Date 3rd Quarter, 2006

GUEST EDITORS:

Kostas Berberidis, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece; berberid@ceid.upatras.gr

Benoit Champagne, McGill University, Qubec, Canada H3A 2T5;champagne@ece.mcgill.ca

George V. Moustakides, University of Thessaly, 38221 Volos, Greece; moustaki@uth.gr

H. Vincent Poor, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; poor@princeton.edu

Peter Stoica, Uppsala University, 75105 Uppsala, Sweden; peter.stoica@it.uu.se

http://www.hindawi.com

EURASIP JOURNAL ON APPLIED SIGNAL PROCESSING

Special Issue on

Image Perception

CALL FOR PAPERS

Perception is a complex process that involves brain activities at different levels. The avail-ability of models for the representation and interpretation of the sensory information opensup new research avenues that cut across neuroscience, imaging, information engineering,and modern robotics.

The goal of the multidisciplinary field of perceptual signal processing is to identify thefeatures of the stimuli that determine their “perception,” namely “a single unified aware-ness derived from sensory processes while a stimulus is present,” and to derive associatedcomputational models that can be generalized.

In the case of vision, the stimuli go through a complex analysis chain along the so-called“visual pathway,” starting with the encoding by the photoreceptors in the retina (low-levelprocessing) and ending with cognitive mechanisms (high-level processes) that depend onthe task being performed.

Accordingly, low-level models are concerned with image “representation” and aim atemulating the way the visual stimulus is encoded by the early stages of the visual systemas well as capturing the varying sensitivity to the features of the input stimuli; high-levelmodels are related to image “interpretation” and allow to predict the performance of ahuman observer in a given predefined task.

A global model, accounting for both such bottom-up and top-down approaches, wouldenable the automatic interpretation of the visual stimuli based on both their low-level fea-tures and their semantic content.

Among the main image processing fields that would take advantage of such models arefeature extraction, content-based image description and retrieval, model-based coding, andthe emergent domain of medical image perception.

The goal of this special issue is to provide original contributions in the field of imageperception and modeling.

Topics of interest include (but are not limited to):

• Perceptually plausible mathematical bases for the representation of visual informa-tion (static and dynamic)

• Modeling nonlinear processes (masking, facilitation) and their exploitation in theimaging field (compression, enhancement, and restoration)

• Beyond early vision: investigating the pertinence and potential of cognitive models(feature extraction, image quality)

• Stochastic properties of complex natural scenes (static, dynamic, colored) and theirrelationships with perception

• Perception-based models for natural (static and dynamic) textures. Theoretical for-mulation and psychophysical validation

• Applications in the field of biomedical imaging (medical image perception)

Authors should follow the EURASIP JASP manuscript format described at the jour-nal site http://www.hindawi.com/journals/asp/. Prospective authors should submit an elec-tronic copy of their complete manuscript through the EURASIP JASP manuscript trackingsystem at http://www.mstracking.com/asp/, according to the following timetable:

Manuscript Due October 1, 2005

Acceptance Notification April 1, 2006

Final Manuscript Due July 1, 2006

Publication Date 3rd Quarter, 2006

GUEST EDITORS:

Gloria Menegaz, Department of Information Engineering, University of Siena, Siena,Italy; menegaz@dii.unisi.it

Guang-Zhong Yang, Department of Computing, Engineering Imperial College London,London, UK; gzy@doc.ic.ac.uk

Maria Concetta Morrone, Universit Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy;concetta@in.cnr.it

Stefan Winkler, Genista Corporation, Montreux, Switzerland;stefan.winkler@genista.com

Javier Portilla, Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence (DECSAI),Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; javier@decsai.ugr.es

http://www.hindawi.com

EURASIP JOURNAL ON APPLIED SIGNAL PROCESSING

Special Issue on

Music Information Retrieval Based onSignal Processing

CALL FOR PAPERS

The main focus of this special issue is on the application of digital signal processing tech-niques for music information retrieval (MIR). MIR is an emerging and exciting area ofresearch that seeks to solve a wide variety of problems dealing with preserving, analyzing,indexing, searching, and accessing large collections of digitized music. There are also stronginterests in this field of research from music libraries and the recording industry as theymove towards digital music distribution. The demands from the general public for easy ac-cess to these music libraries challenge researchers to create tools and algorithms that arerobust, small, and fast.

Music is represented in either encoded audio waveforms (CD audio, MP3, etc.) or sym-bolic forms (musical score, MIDI, etc.). Audio representations, in particular, require robustsignal processing techniques for many applications of MIR since meaningful descriptionsneed to be extracted from audio signals in which sounds from multiple instruments and vo-cals are often mixed together. Researchers in MIR are therefore developing a wide range ofnew methods based on statistical pattern recognition, classification, and machine learningtechniques such as the Hidden Markov Model (HMM), maximum likelihood estimation,and Bayes estimation as well as digital signal processing techniques such as Fourier andWavelet transforms, adaptive filtering, and source-filter models. New music interface andquery systems leveraging such methods are also important for end users to benefit fromMIR research.

Although research contributions on MIR have been published at various conferencesin 1990s, the members of the MIR research community meet annually at the InternationalConference on Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR) since 2000.

Topics of interest include (but are not limited to):

• Automatic summarization (succinct representation of music)• Automatic transcription (audio to symbolic format conversion)• Music annotation (semantic analysis)• Music fingerprinting (unique identification of music)• Music interface• Music similarity metrics (comparison)

• Music understanding• Musical feature extraction• Musical styles and genres• Optical music score recognition (image to symbolic format conversion)• Performer/artist identification• Query systems• Timbre/instrument recognition

Authors should follow the EURASIP JASP manuscript format described at the jour-nal site http://www.hindawi.com/journals/asp/. Prospective authors should submit an elec-tronic copy of their complete manuscript through the EURASIP JASP manuscript trackingsystem at http://www.mstracking.com/asp/, according to the following timetable:

Manuscript Due December 1, 2005

Acceptance Notification April 1, 2006

Final Manuscript Due July 1, 2006

Publication Date 3rd Quarter, 2006

GUEST EDITORS:

Ichiro Fujinaga, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 2T5;ich@music.mcgill.ca

Masataka Goto, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology,Japan; m.goto@aist.go.jp

George Tzanetakis, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada, V8P 5C2;gtzan@cs.uvic.ca

http://www.hindawi.com

EURASIP JOURNAL ON APPLIED SIGNAL PROCESSING

Special Issue on

Visual Sensor Networks

CALL FOR PAPERS

Research into the design, development, and deployment of networked sensing devices forhigh-level inference and surveillance of the physical environment has grown tremendouslyin the last few years.

This trend has been motivated, in part, by recent technological advances in electronics,communication networking, and signal processing.

Sensor networks are commonly comprised of lightweight distributed sensor nodes suchas low-cost video cameras. There is inherent redundancy in the number of nodes de-ployed and corresponding networking topology. Operation of the network requires au-tonomous peer-based collaboration amongst the nodes and intermediate data-centric pro-cessing amongst local sensors. The intermediate processing known as in-network process-ing is application-specific. Often, the sensors are untethered so that they must communicatewirelessly and be battery-powered. Initial focus was placed on the design of sensor networksin which scalar phenomena such as temperature, pressure, or humidity were measured.

It is envisioned that much societal use of sensor networks will also be based on em-ploying content-rich vision-based sensors. The volume of data collected as well as the so-phistication of the necessary in-network stream content processing provide a diverse set ofchallenges in comparison with generic scalar sensor network research.

Applications that will be facilitated through the development of visual sensor network-ing technology include automatic tracking, monitoring and signaling of intruders within aphysical area, assisted living for the elderly or physically disabled, environmental monitor-ing, and command and control of unmanned vehicles.

Many current video-based surveillance systems have centralized architectures that col-lect all visual data at a central location for storage or real-time interpretation by a humanoperator. The use of distributed processing for automated event detection would signif-icantly alleviate mundane or time-critical activities performed by human operators, andprovide better network scalability. Thus, it is expected that video surveillance solutions ofthe future will successfully utilize visual sensor networking technologies.

Given that the field of visual sensor networking is still in its infancy, it is critical thatresearchers from the diverse disciplines including signal processing, communications, andelectronics address the many challenges of this emerging field. This special issue aims to

bring together a diverse set of research results that are essential for the development ofrobust and practical visual sensor networks.

Topics of interest include (but are not limited to):

• Sensor network architectures for high-bandwidth vision applications• Communication networking protocols specific to visual sensor networks• Scalability, reliability, and modeling issues of visual sensor networks• Distributed computer vision and aggregation algorithms for low-power surveillance

applications• Fusion of information from visual and other modalities of sensors• Storage and retrieval of sensor information• Security issues for visual sensor networks• Visual sensor network testbed research• Novel applications of visual sensor networks• Design of visual sensors

Authors should follow the EURASIP JASP manuscript format described at the jour-nal site http://www.hindawi.com/journals/asp/. Prospective authors should submit an elec-tronic copy of their complete manuscript through the EURASIP JASP manuscript trackingsystem at http://www.mstracking.com/asp/, according to the following timetable:

Manuscript Due December 1, 2005

Acceptance Notification April 1, 2006

Final Manuscript Due July 1, 2006

Publication Date 3rd Quarter, 2006

GUEST EDITORS:

Deepa Kundur, Department of Electrical Engineering, Texas A&M University, CollegeStation, Texas, USA; deepa@ee.tamu.edu

Ching-Yung Lin, Distributed Computing Department, IBM TJ Watson Research Center,New York, USA; chingyung@us.ibm.com

Chun Shien Lu, Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan;lcs@iis.sinica.edu.tw

http://www.hindawi.com

EURASIP JOURNAL ON APPLIED SIGNAL PROCESSING

Special Issue on

Multirate Systems and Applications

CALL FOR PAPERS

Filter banks for the application of subband coding of speech were introduced in the 1970s.Since then, filter banks and multirate systems have been studied extensively. There has beengreat success in applying multirate systems to many applications. The most notable of theseapplications include subband coding for audio, image, and video, signal analysis and rep-resentation using wavelets, subband denoising, and so forth. Different applications also callfor different filter bank designs and the topic of designing one-dimensional and multidi-mentional filter banks for specific applications has been of great interest.

Recently there has been growing interest in applying multirate theories to the area ofcommunication systems such as, transmultiplexers, filter bank transceivers, blind deconvo-lution, and precoded systems. There are strikingly many dualities and similarities betweenmultirate systems and multicarrier communication systems. Many problems in multicar-rier transmission can be solved by extending results from multirate systems and filter banks.This exciting research area is one that is of increasing importance.

The aim of this special issue is to bring forward recent developments on filter banks andthe ever-expanding area of applications of multirate systems.

Topics of interest include (but are not limited to):

• Multirate signal processing for communications• Filter bank transceivers• One-dimensional and multidimensional filter bank designs for specific applications• Denoising• Adaptive filtering• Subband coding• Audio, image, and video compression• Signal analysis and representation• Feature extraction and classification• Other applications

Authors should follow the EURASIP JASP manuscript format described at the jour-nal site http://www.hindawi.com/journals/asp/. Prospective authors should submit an

electronic copy of their complete manuscripts through the EURASIP JASP manuscripttracking system at http://www.mstracking.com/asp/, according to the following timetable:

Manuscript Due January 1, 2006

Acceptance Notification May 1, 2006

Final Manuscript Due August 1, 2006

Publication Date 4th Quarter, 2006

GUEST EDITORS:

Yuan-Pei Lin, Department of Electrical and Control Engineering, National Chiao TungUniversity, Hsinchu, Taiwan; ypl@mail.nctu.edu.tw

See-May Phoong, Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute ofCommunication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan;smp@cc.ee.ntu.edu.tw

Ivan Selesnick, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, PolytechnicUniversity, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA; selesi@poly.edu

Soontorn Oraintara, Department of Electrical Engineering, The University of Texas atArlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA; oraintar@uta.edu

Gerald Schuller, Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Media Technology (IDMT),Langewiesener Strasse 22, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany; shl@idmt.fraunhofer.de

http://www.hindawi.com

EURASIP JOURNAL ON APPLIED SIGNAL PROCESSING

Special Issue on

Multisensor Processing for Signal Extractionand Applications

CALL FOR PAPERS

Source signal extraction from heterogeneous measurements has a wide range of applica-tions in many scientific and technological fields, for example, telecommunications, speechand acoustic signal processing, and biomedical pattern analysis. Multiple signal receptionthrough multisensor systems has become an effective means for signal extraction due toits superior performance over the monosensor mode. Despite the rapid progress made inmultisensor-based techniques in the past few decades, they continue to evolve as key tech-nologies in modern wireless communications and biomedical signal processing. This hasled to an increased focus by the signal processing community on the advanced multisensor-based techniques which can offer robust high-quality signal extraction under realistic as-sumptions and with minimal computational complexity. However, many challenging tasksremain unresolved and merit further rigorous studies. Major efforts in developing advancedmultisensor-based techniques may include high-quality signal extraction, realistic theoret-ical modeling of real-world problems, algorithm complexity reduction, and efficient real-time implementation.

The purpose of this special issue aims to present state-of-the-art multisensor signalextraction techniques and applications. Contributions in theoretical study, performanceanalysis, complexity reduction, computational advances, and real-world applications arestrongly encouraged.

Topics of interest include (but are not limited to):

• Multiantenna processing for radio signal extraction• Multimicrophone speech recognition and enhancement• Multisensor radar, sonar, navigation, and biomedical signal processing• Blind techniques for multisensor signal extraction• Computational advances in multisensor processing

Authors should follow the EURASIP JASP manuscript format described at the jour-nal site http://www.hindawi.com/journals/asp/. Prospective authors should submit an elec-tronic copy of their complete manuscripts through the EURASIP JASP manuscript trackingsystem at http://www.mstracking.com/asp/, according to the following timetable:

Manuscript Due January 1, 2006

Acceptance Notification May 1, 2006

Final Manuscript Due August 1, 2006

Publication Date 4th Quarter, 2006

GUEST EDITORS:

Chong-Yung Chi, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan; cychi@ee.nthu.edu.tw

Ta-Sung Lee, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan; tslee@cc.nctu.edu.tw

Zhi-Quan Luo, University of Minnesota, USA; luozq@ece.umn.edu

Kung Yao, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; yao@ee.ucla.edu

Yue Wang, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA; yuewang@vt.edu

http://www.hindawi.com

EURASIP JOURNAL ON

WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONSAND NETWORKING

http://www.hindawi.com

The overall aim of EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Net-working (EURASIP JWCN) is to bring science and applications together onwireless communications and networking technologies with emphasis on signalprocessing techniques and tools. It is directed at both practicing engineers andacademic researchers. EURASIP JWCN will highlight the continued growth andnew challenges in wireless technology, both for application development andbasic research. Papers should emphasize original results relating to the theoryand/or applications of wireless communications and networking. Tutorial papers,especially those emphasizing multidisciplinary views of communications andnetworking, are also welcomed. EURASIP JWCN employs a paperless, electronicsubmission, and evaluation system to promote a rapid turnaround in the peerreview process.The journal publishes two types of issues: regular issues and special issues. Regularissues publish collections of papers without special solicitation. The special issuesfeature specifically aimed and targeted topics of interest contributed by authorsresponding to a particular Call-for-Papers or by invitation, edited by invited guesteditor(s). Regular papers can be submitted at any time, while special issue paperscan be submitted only based on planned schedules and submission guidelines ofthe Call-for-Papers. Proposals for special issues can be submitted directly to theEditor-in-Chief.Subject areas include, but are by no means limited to: Ad hoc networks; Channelmodeling and propagation; Detection, estimation, and synchronization; Diversityand space-time techniques; End-to-end design techniques; Error control coding;Iterative techniques for joint optimization; Modulation techniques (CDMA,OFDM, multicarrier, spread-spectrum, etc.); Multiuser, MIMO channels, andmultiple access schemes; Network performance, reliability, and quality of service;Resource allocation over wireless networks; Security, authentication, and cryptog-raphy; Signal Processing Techniques and Tools; Ultra wide band systems; Wirelessnetwork services and medium access control.Editorial Board: Phillip Regalia (Editor-in-Chief), Thushara Abhayapala, FaridAhmed, Alagan Anpalagan, Anthony C. Boucouvalas, Jonathon Chambers, BiaoChen, Pascal Chevalier, Chia-Chin Chong, Soura Dasgoupta, Petar M. Djuric,Abraham Fapojuwo, Michael Gastpar, Alex B. Gershman, Wolfgang Gerstacker,David Gesbert, Fary Ghassemlooy, Alfred Hanssen, Stefan Kaiser, George K. Kara-giannidis, Hyung-Myung Kim, Chi Chung Ko, Richard J. Kozick, Bhaskar Kr-ishnamachari, Vincent Lau, Dave Laurenson, Tho Le-Ngoc, Tongtong Li, Wei(Wayne) Li, Steve McLaughlin, Marc Moonen, Eric Moulines, Sayandev Mukher-jee, Arumugam Nallanathan, Kamesh Namuduri, Athina Petropulu, H. VincentPoor, Brian Sadler, Ivan Stojmenovic, Lee Swindlehurst, Sergios Theodoridis, LangTong, Luc Vandendorpe, Yang Xiao, Lawrence Yeung, and Weihua Zhuang.

EURASIP Journal on on Wireless Communications and Networking, Volume 2005, No. 3, 1 August 2005

c© 2005 Hindawi Publishing Corporation

Special Issue on

Reconfigurable Radio for Future GenerationWireless Systems

Frederik Petre

Wireless Research, Interuniversity Micro-Electronics Center (IMEC), Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, BelgiumEmail: frederik.petre@imec.be

Ahmet Kondoz

Centre for Communication Systems Research (CCSR), University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UKEmail: a.kondoz@surrey.ac.uk

Stefan Kaiser

DoCoMo Communications Laboratories Europe GmbH, Landsberger Str. 312, 80687 Munich, GermanyEmail: kaiser@docomolab-euro.com

Ashish Pandharipande

Communication and Networking Lab, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology,P.O. Box 111, Suwon 440-600, KoreaEmail: p.ashish@samsung.com

1. BACKGROUND

Future-generation wireless systems aim to support a spectrum of services over a variety ofnetworks in a way transparent to the user. Flexibility and adaptivity are key ingredients ofsuch future-generation wireless systems in order to deliver optimal quality of service (QoS)for different applications over diverse communication environments. Rather than relyingon the traditional horizontal communication model, consisting of a single wireless accesssystem, these future 4G systems will employ a vertical communication model, which inte-grates different existing and new evolving wireless access systems on a common IP-basedplatform, to complement each other for different service requirements and radio environ-ments. To enable seamless and transparent interworking between these different wirelessaccess systems, or communication modes, through horizontal (intrasystem) and vertical

Special Issue on Reconfigurable Radio for Future Generation Wireless Systems 113

(intersystem) handovers, multimode functionality is needed to support the different exist-ing air interfaces and the newly emerging ones.

It is expected that multimode capabilities will be ultimately focussed on the terminalside to target a larger market base. New challenges then appear in terms of minimizing theterminal cost, size, and power consumption, while at the same time maximizing its flexibil-ity with respect to communication standards as well as its adaptivity with respect to varyinguser requirements and changing communication conditions. The conventional approachto the design of a multimode terminal is the provision of a custom baseband processor forevery communication mode. However, with the growing number of standards and commu-nication modes, this approach is becoming increasingly infeasible and economically unac-ceptable. A more efficient approach towards this design is to adopt a reconfigurable (asopposed to fixed) radio concept, such that the terminal can adapt to the best-suited com-munication mode under the control of a QoS manager. A high degree of flexibility is notonly required for the digital baseband processing but also for the analog radio frequency(RF) front end, which should accept a large range of carrier frequencies, possess a flexiblebandwidth, and deal with a wide variety of operational conditions. Likewise, the same highdegree of flexibility is not only called for at the physical layer but also at the medium accesscontrol (MAC) (and possibly higher) layer(s), to be compatible with the protocols of thedifferent standards.

2. OVERVIEW OF THE SPECIAL ISSUE

This special issue, which has been conceptualized within the framework of the IST-FP6Network of Excellence in Wireless COMmunications (NEWCOM), and, more specifically,within the context of NEWCOM Project D on “Flexible Radio,” contains 3 invited papersand 9 regular papers.

The first (invited) paper “Software-defined radio-basics and evolution to cognitive ra-dio,” by F. K. Jondral, reviews the basic concepts and terminology of software-defined ra-dio (SDR), and discusses its future evolution towards cognitive radio. The author furtheremphasizes the importance of standardization and introduces the so-called software com-munications architecture (SCA) as an example framework that allows an object-orienteddevelopment of SDRs.

2.1. Flexible baseband processing

The second (invited) paper “Flexible radio: A framework for optimized multimodal opera-tion via dynamic signal design,” by I. Dagres et al., introduces a general framework for thestudy and design of flexible/reconfigurable radio systems, with a special focus on the base-band portion of the physical layer and its interactions with procedures taking place in thehigher layers. Furthermore, the authors describe specific tools and fundamentals that un-derpin such flexible transceiver architectures to provide multistandard capabilities, channeladaptivity, and user/service personalization.

The third (invited) paper “Adaptive transmitter optimization in multiuser multi-antenna systems: Theoretical limits, effect of delays, and performance enhancements,” byD. Samardzija et al., considers optimum linear precoders for multiantenna, multiuser sys-tems. Optimality is considered in terms of maximizing the sum rate capacity subject to anaverage transmitter power constraint. Performance limits of the proposed schemes underchannel prediction and delayed feedback are presented.

114 EURASIP JWCN, Vol. 2005, No. 3, 1 August 2005

The fourth paper “Flexible MIMO transmission scheme for 4G wireless systems withmultiple antennas,” by Francois Horlin et al., presents a generic transmission scheme thatallows to instantiate combinations of OFDM and cyclic-prefixed single-carrier modulationschemes with DS-CDMA. Additionally, space-division multiplexing (SDM) and orthogonalspace-time block coding (STBC) have been integrated in the generic transmission scheme.For each resulting mode, the optimal linear MMSE multiuser receiver has been derived. Amode selection strategy has also been proposed that trades off efficiently the communica-tion performance in a typical suburban dynamic outdoor environment with the complexityand PAPR at the mobile terminal.

The fifth paper “Reconfigurable signal processing and hardware architecture for broad-band wireless communications,” by Y.-C. Liang et al., proposes a flexible basebandtransceiver, which can be reconfigured to any type of cyclic-prefix-based communicationscheme. In addition, the authors introduce a corresponding reconfigurable hardware archi-tecture, and identify the common blocks that can be reused across the different communi-cation schemes. Finally, they recognize that the major challenge is to have an efficient systemconfiguration and management function that will initiate and control the reconfigurationbased on user requirements and channel conditions.

The sixth paper “Modular software-defined radio,” by A.-R. Rhiemeier, proposes amodel of signal processing software including irregular, connected, directed, acyclic graphswith random node weights and random edges. Several approaches for mapping such soft-ware to a given hardware are discussed. Taking into account previous findings as well as newresults from system simulations presented, the paper concludes on the utility of pipeliningas a general design guideline for modular software-defined radio.

The seventh paper “Adaptive mobile positioning in WCDMA networks,” by B. Dong andX. Wang, introduces a technique for mobile tracking in wideband code-division multiple-access (WCDMA) systems employing multiple receive antennas. To achieve a high estima-tion accuracy, the algorithm utilizes the time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) measurementsin the forward link pilot channel, the angle-of-arrival (AOA) measurements in the reverselink pilot channel, as well as the received signal strength. The proposed algorithm jointlytracks the unknown system parameters as well as the mobile position and velocity.

2.2. Flexible analog RF front ends

The eighth paper “Flexible frequency discrimination subsystems for reconfigurable radiofront ends,” by B. Carey-Smith et al., surveys recent advances in flexible, frequency-selective,circuit components (including bandpass and bandstop filters, and narrowband tunable an-tennas) applicable to software-defined radio front ends. In this perspective, the authorsdiscuss the filtering requirements in the SDR context and advocate the use of intelligent,adaptive control to provide environment-aware frequency discrimination.

The ninth paper “Flexible analog front ends of reconfigurable radios based on samplingand reconstruction with internal filtering,” by Y. S. Poberezhskiy and G. Y. Poberezhskiy,pursues several ways to overcome the challenges of practical realization and implementationof novel sampling and reconstruction techniques with internal filtering. In this perspective,the impact of these novel techniques on the analog front-end architectures and capabilitiesof software-defined radios is discussed.

The tenth paper “A reconfigurable spiral antenna for adaptive MIMO systems,” by B. A.Cetiner et al., studies the design of spiral antennas that are reconfigurable in the sense thatthey can alter antenna characteristics through structural change. In their work, the authors

Special Issue on Reconfigurable Radio for Future Generation Wireless Systems 115

propose a reconfigurable spiral antenna architecture based on RF-MEMS technology. Thepresented technology allows monolithic integration of RF-MEMS with antenna structureson any microwave laminate substrate, with the capability to change the impedance andradiation characteristics of the antenna. As a reference model, the design, fabrication, andcharacterization of conventional single-arm rectangular spiral antennas radiating circularlypolarized fields along their axes are presented in the paper.

2.3. Flexible MAC and higher-layer protocols

The eleventh paper “Multimode communication protocols enabling reconfigurable radios,”by L. Berlemann et al., proposes a generic protocol stack, comprising common proto-col functionality for reconfigurable wireless communication systems. More specifically, theproposed generic protocol stack contains parameterizable modules of basic protocol func-tions that reside in the data link layer and the network layer of the open systems intercon-nect (OSI) model. It is demonstrated that the presented parameterizable modules can beregarded as a toolbox for the timely and cost-efficient development of future communica-tion protocols.

The twelfth paper “Towards a fraud-prevention framework for software defined radiodevices,” by A. Brawerman and J. A. Copeland, considers a framework for security enhance-ment in mobile SDR devices through the introduction of new hardware units and protocols.The presented framework offers enhanced security by incorporating features like monitor-ing against malicious attacks and viruses, authentication, critical information-protection,and anticloning. Proofs and experimental results are also given to validate the presentedfraud-prevention framework.

Acknowledgments

Many people deserve our gratitude for helping us to put together this special issue. First ofall, we wish to express our gratitude to the Editor-in-Chief, Phil Regalia, for giving us theopportunity and the support to realize this special issue within the context of the IST FP6Network of Excellence in Wireless COMmunications (NEWCOM). Naturally, we wouldlike to thank the authors of the regular papers for their valuable and timely contributions.We are also grateful to the authors of the three invited papers: Friedrich Jondral, AndreasPolydoros and his coauthors, and Narayan Mandayam and his coauthors. Fianlly, our ap-preciation goes to the many obliging reviewers, without them our decision making wouldhave been impossible.

Frederik PetreAhmet Kondoz

Stefan KaiserAshish Pandharipande

116 EURASIP JWCN, Vol. 2005, No. 3, 1 August 2005

Volume 2005, No. 3, 1 August 2005

Contents and Abstracts

Software-Defined Radio—Basics and Evolutionto Cognitive Radio

Open Access

Friedrich K. Jondral

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.275

We provide a brief overview over the development of software-defined or reconfigurableradio systems. The need for software-defined radios is underlined and the most importantnotions used for such reconfigurable transceivers are thoroughly defined. The role of stan-dards in radio development is emphasized and the usage of transmission mode parametersin the construction of software-defined radios is described. The software communicationsarchitecture is introduced as an example for a framework that allows an object-orienteddevelopment of software-defined radios. Cognitive radios are introduced as the next step inradio systems’ evolution. The need for cognitive radios is exemplified by a comparison ofpresent and advanced spectrum management strategies.

Flexible Radio: A Framework for OptimizedMultimodal Operation via Dynamic Signal Design

Open Access

Ioannis Dagres, Andreas Zalonis, Nikos Dimitriou,Konstantinos Nikitopoulos, and Andreas Polydoros

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.284

The increasing need for multimodal terminals that adjust their configuration on the fly inorder to meet the required quality of service (QoS), under various channel/system scenar-ios, creates the need for flexible architectures that are capable of performing such actions.The paper focuses on the concept of flexible/reconfigurable radio systems and especially onthe elements of flexibility residing in the PHYsical layer (PHY). It introduces the variousways in which a reconfigurable transceiver can be used to provide multistandard capabil-ities, channel adaptivity, and user/service personalization. It describes specific tools devel-oped within two IST projects aiming at such flexible transceiver architectures. Finally, aspecific example of a mode-selection algorithmic architecture is presented which incorpo-rates all the proposed tools and, therefore, illustrates a baseband flexibility mechanism.

Special Issue on Reconfigurable Radio for Future Generation Wireless Systems 117

Adaptive Transmitter Optimization in MultiuserMultiantenna Systems: Theoretical Limits,Effect of Delays, and Performance Enhancements

Open Access

Dragan Samardzija, Narayan Mandayam, and Dmitry Chizhik

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.298

The advances in programmable and reconfigurable radios have rendered feasible transmit-ter optimization schemes that can greatly improve the performance of multiple-antennamultiuser systems. Reconfigurable radio platforms are particularly suitable for implementa-tion of transmitter optimization at the base station. We consider the downlink of a wirelesssystem with multiple transmit antennas at the base station and a number of mobile termi-nals (i.e., users) each with a single receive antenna. Under an average transmit power con-straint, we consider the maximum achievable sum data rates in the case of (1) zero-forcing(ZF) spatial prefilter, (2) modified zero-forcing (MZF) spatial prefilter, and (3) triangular-ization spatial prefilter coupled with dirty-paper coding (DPC) transmission scheme. Weshow that the triangularization with DPC approaches the closed-loop MIMO rates (upperbound) for higher SNRs. Further, the MZF solution performs very well for lower SNRs,while for higher SNRs, the rates for the ZF solution converge to the MZF rates. An impor-tant impediment that degrades the performance of such transmitter optimization schemesis the delay in channel state information (CSI). We characterize the fundamental limits ofperformance in the presence of delayed CSI and then propose performance enhancementsusing a linear MMSE predictor of the CSI that can be used in conjunction with transmitteroptimization in multiple-antenna multiuser systems.

Flexible Transmission Scheme for 4G WirelessSystems with Multiple Antennas

Open Access

Francois Horlin, Frederik Petre, Eduardo Lopez-Estraviz,Frederik Naessens, and Liesbet Van der Perre

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.308

New air interfaces are currently being developed to meet the high requirements of theemerging wireless communication systems. In this context, the combinations of the mul-ticarrier (MC) and spread-spectrum (SS) technologies are promising candidates. In thispaper, we propose a generic transmission scheme that allows to instantiate all the combi-nations of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) and cyclic-prefixed single-carrier (SC) modulations with direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA).The generic transmission scheme is extended to integrate the space-division multiplexing(SDM) and the orthogonal space-time block coding (STBC). Based on a generalized matrixmodel, the linear frequency-domain minimum mean square error (MMSE) joint detectoris derived. A mode selection strategy for up- and downlink is advised that efficiently tradesoff the cost of the mobile terminal and the achieved performance of a high-mobility cellularsystem. It is demonstrated that an adaptive transceiver that supports the proposed commu-nication modes is necessary to track the changing communication conditions.

118 EURASIP JWCN, Vol. 2005, No. 3, 1 August 2005

Reconfigurable Signal Processing andHardware Architecture for BroadbandWireless Communications

Open Access

Ying-Chang Liang, Sayed Naveen, Santosh K. Pilakkat, and Ashok K. Marath

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.323

This paper proposes a broadband wireless transceiver which can be reconfigured to anytype of cyclic-prefix (CP) -based communication systems, including orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), single-carrier cyclic-prefix (SCCP) system, multicarrier(MC) code-division multiple access (MC-CDMA), MC direct-sequence CDMA (MC-DS-CDMA), CP-based CDMA (CP-CDMA), and CP-based direct-sequence CDMA (CP-DS-CDMA). A hardware platform is proposed and the reusable common blocks in such atransceiver are identified. The emphasis is on the equalizer design for mobile receivers. It isfound that after block despreading operation, MC-DS-CDMA and CP-DS-CDMA have thesame equalization blocks as OFDM and SCCP systems, respectively, therefore hardware andsoftware sharing is possible for these systems. An attempt has also been made to map thefunctional reconfigurable transceiver onto the proposed hardware platform. The differentfunctional entities which will be required to perform the reconfiguration and realize thetransceiver are explained.

Modular Software-Defined RadioOpen Access

Arnd-Ragnar Rhiemeier

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.333

In view of the technical and commercial boundary conditions for software-defined radio(SDR), it is suggestive to reconsider the concept anew from an unconventional point ofview. The organizational principles of signal processing (rather than the signal processingalgorithms themselves) are the main focus of this work on modular software-defined radio.Modularity and flexibility are just two key characteristics of the SDR environment whichextend smoothly into the modeling of hardware and software. In particular, the proposedmodel of signal processing software includes irregular, connected, directed, acyclic graphswith random node weights and random edges. Several approaches for mapping such soft-ware to a given hardware are discussed. Taking into account previous findings as well as newresults from system simulations presented here, the paper finally concludes with the utilityof pipelining as a general design guideline for modular software-defined radio.

Adaptive Mobile Positioning in WCDMA NetworksOpen Access

B. Dong and Xiaodong Wang

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.343

We propose a new technique for mobile tracking in wideband code-division multiple-access(WCDMA) systems employing multiple receive antennas. To achieve a high estimation ac-curacy, the algorithm utilizes the time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements in theforward link pilot channel, the angle of arrival (AOA) measurements in the reverse-link pi-

Special Issue on Reconfigurable Radio for Future Generation Wireless Systems 119

lot channel, as well as the received signal strength. The mobility dynamic is modelled by afirst-order autoregressive (AR) vector process with an additional discrete state variable asthe motion offset, which evolves according to a discrete-time Markov chain. It is assumedthat the parameters in this model are unknown and must be jointly estimated by the track-ing algorithm. By viewing a nonlinear dynamic system such as a jump-Markov model, wedevelop an efficient auxiliary particle filtering algorithm to track both the discrete and con-tinuous state variables of this system as well as the associated system parameters. Simula-tion results are provided to demonstrate the excellent performance of the proposed adaptivemobile positioning algorithm in WCDMA networks.

Flexible Frequency Discrimination Subsystemsfor Reconfigurable Radio Front Ends

Open Access

Bruce E. Carey-Smith, Paul A. Warr, Phill R. Rogers,Mark A. Beach, and Geoffrey S. Hilton

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.354

The required flexibility of the software-defined radio front end may currently be met withbetter overall performance by employing tunable narrowband circuits rather than pursuinga truly wideband approach. A key component of narrowband transceivers is appropriatefiltering to reduce spurious spectral content in the transmitter and limit out-of-band inter-ference in the receiver. In this paper, recent advances in flexible, frequency-selective, circuitcomponents applicable to reconfigurable SDR front ends are reviewed. The paper containsdiscussion regarding the filtering requirements in the SDR context and the use of intelligent,adaptive control to provide environment-aware frequency discrimination. Wide tuning-range frequency-selective circuit elements are surveyed including bandpass and bandstopfilters and narrowband tunable antennas. The suitability of these elements to the mobilewireless SDR environment is discussed.

Flexible Analog Front Ends of ReconfigurableRadios Based on Sampling and Reconstructionwith Internal Filtering

Open Access

Yefim S. Poberezhskiy and Gennady Y. Poberezhskiy

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.364

Bandpass sampling, reconstruction, and antialiasing filtering in analog front ends poten-tially provide the best performance of software defined radios. However, conventional tech-niques used for these procedures limit reconfigurability and adaptivity of the radios, com-plicate integrated circuit implementation, and preclude achieving potential performance.Novel sampling and reconstruction techniques with internal filtering eliminate these draw-backs and provide many additional advantages. Several ways to overcome the challenges ofpractical realization and implementation of these techniques are proposed and analyzed.The impact of sampling and reconstruction with internal filtering on the analog front endarchitectures and capabilities of software defined radios is discussed.

120 EURASIP JWCN, Vol. 2005, No. 3, 1 August 2005

A Reconfigurable Spiral Antenna forAdaptive MIMO Systems

Open Access

Bedri A. Cetiner, J. Y. Qian, G. P. Li, and F. De Flaviis

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.382

We present a reconfigurable spiral antenna for use in adaptive MIMO systems. The an-tenna is capable of changing the sense of polarization of the radiated field. It is fabricatedby using an RF-MEMS technology compatible with microwave laminate substrates devel-oped within the author’s group. The proposed antenna structure is built on a number ofrectangular-shaped bent metallic strips interconnected to each other with RF-MEMS actu-ators. Two senses of polarization, RHCP and LHCP, are achieved by configuring the physicalstructure of the antenna, that is, by changing the winding sense of the spiral, through judi-cious activation of MEM actuators. The fabrication process for the monolithic integrationof MEM actuators with bent microstrip pixels on RO4003-FR4 microwave laminate sub-strate is described. The measured and calculated radiation and impedance characteristics ofthe antenna are given. The operating frequency of the presented antenna design can easilybe adjusted to be compatible with popular IEEE networking standards such as 802.11a.

Multimode Communication Protocols EnablingReconfigurable Radios

Open Access

Lars Berlemann, Ralf Pabst, and Bernhard Walke

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.390

This paper focuses on the realization and application of a generic protocol stack for recon-figurable wireless communication systems. This focus extends the field of software-definedradios which usually concentrates on the physical layer. The generic protocol stack com-prises common protocol functionality and behavior which are extended through specificparts of the targeted radio access technology. This paper considers parameterizable mod-ules of basic protocol functions residing in the data link layer of the ISO/OSI model. System-specific functionality of the protocol software is realized through adequate parameterizationand composition of the generic modules. The generic protocol stack allows an efficient real-ization of reconfigurable protocol software and enables a completely reconfigurable wirelesscommunication system. It is a first step from side-by-side realized, preinstalled modes in aterminal towards a dynamic reconfigurable anymode terminal. The presented modules ofthe generic protocol stack can also be regarded as a toolbox for the accelerated and cost-efficient development of future communication protocols.

Towards a Fraud-Prevention Framework forSoftware Defined Radio Mobile Devices

Open Access

Alessandro Brawerman and John A. Copeland

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.401

The superior reconfigurability of software defined radio mobile devices has made it themost promising technology on the wireless network and in the communication industry.

Special Issue on Reconfigurable Radio for Future Generation Wireless Systems 121

Despite several advantages, there are still a lot to discuss regarding security, for instance, theradio configuration data download, storage and installation, user’s privacy, and cloning.The objective of this paper is to present a fraud-prevention framework for software definedradio mobile devices that enhances overall security through the use of new pieces of hard-ware, modules, and protocols. The framework offers security monitoring against maliciousattacks and viruses, protects sensitive information, creates and protects an identity for thesystem, employs a secure protocol for radio configuration download, and finally, establishesan anticloning scheme, which besides guaranteeing that no units can be cloned over the air,also elevates the level of difficulty to clone units if the attacker has physical access to the mo-bile device. Even if cloned units exist, the anticloning scheme is able to identify and denyservices to those units. Preliminary experiments and proofs that analyze the correctness ofthe fraud-prevention framework are also presented.

Extended Lock Range Zero-Crossing DigitalPhase-Locked Loop with Time Delay

Open Access

Qassim Nasir

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.413

The input frequency limit of the conventional zero-crossing digital phase-locked loop(ZCDPLL) is due to the operating time of the digital circuitry inside the feedback loop.A solution that has been previously suggested is the introduction of a time delay in thefeedback path of the loop to allow the digital circuits to complete their sample processingbefore the next sample is received. However, this added delay will limit the stable operationrange and hence lock range of the loop. The objective of this work is to extend the lockrange of ZCDPLL with time delay by using a chaos control. The tendency of the loop todiverge is measured and fed back as a form of linear stabilization. The lock range extensionhas been confirmed through the use of a bifurcation diagram, and Lyapunov exponent.

Intersymbol Decorrelating Detector forAsynchronous CDMA Networks with Multipath

Open Access

Gaonan Zhang, Guoan Bi, and Qian Yu

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.419

Most reported multiuser detection techniques for CDMA systems need the channel esti-mation including the delay spread and the parameters of the multipath channel of the de-sired user. This paper proposes an intersymbol decorrelating detector that makes use of thecross-correlation matrix constructed by the consecutively received symbols. The proposeddetector is attractive for its simplicity because no channel estimation is required except forthe synchronization of the desired user. Compared with other reported multiuser detectors,simulation results show that the proposed detector provides a good performance when theactive users have significant intersymbol interference.

122 EURASIP JWCN, Vol. 2005, No. 3, 1 August 2005

Supporting QoS in MANET by a Fuzzy PriorityScheduler and Performance Analysis withMulticast Routing Protocols

Open Access

C. Gomathy and S. Shanmugavel

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.426Mobile ad hoc network is an autonomous system of mobile nodes characterized by wirelesslinks. The major challenge in ad hoc networks lies in adapting multicast communicationto environments, where mobility is unlimited and failures are frequent. Such problems in-crease the delays and decrease the throughput. To meet these challenges, to provide QoS,and hence to improve the performance, a scheduler can be used. In this paper we design afuzzy-based priority scheduler to determine the priority of the packets. The performance ofthe scheduler is studied with the multicast routing protocols. The scheduler is evaluated interms of the quantitative metrics such as packet delivery ratio and average end-to-end delayand the results are found to be encouraging.

A Low-Complexity Approach to Space-TimeCoding for Multipath Fading Channels

Open Access

Mari Kobayashi and Giuseppe Caire

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.437We consider a single-carrier multiple-input single-output (MISO) wireless system wherethe transmitter is equipped with multiple antennas and the receiver has a single antenna.For this setting, we propose a space-time coding scheme based on the concatenation oftrellis-coded modulation (TCM) with time-reversal orthogonal space-time block coding(TR-STBC). The decoder is based on reduced-state joint equalization and decoding, wherea minimum mean-square-error decision-feedback equalizer is combined with a Viterbi de-coder operating on the TCM trellis without trellis state expansion. In this way, the decodercomplexity is independent of the channel memory and of the constellation size. We showthat, in the limit of large block length, the TCM-TR-STBC scheme with reduced-state jointequalization and decoding can achieve the full diversity offered by the MISO multipathchannel. Remarkably, simulations show that the proposed scheme achieves full diversityfor short (practical) block length and simple TCM codes. The proposed TCM-TR-STBCscheme offers similar/superior performance with respect to the best previously proposedschemes at significantly lower complexity and represents an attractive solution to imple-ment transmit diversity in high-speed TDM-based downlink of third-generation systems,such as EDGE and UMTS.

New PN Even Balanced Sequences forSpread-Spectrum Systems

Open Access

J. A. L. Inacio, J. A. B. Gerald, and M. D. Ortigueira

DOI: 10.1155/WCN.2005.447

A new class of pseudonoise even balanced (PN-EB) binary spreading sequences is derivedfrom existing classical odd-length families of maximum-length sequences, such as those

Special Issue on Reconfigurable Radio for Future Generation Wireless Systems 123

proposed by Gold, by appending or inserting one extra-zero element (chip) to the originalsequences. The incentive to generate large families of PN-EB spreading sequences is moti-vated by analyzing the spreading effect of these sequences from a natural sampling pointof view. From this analysis a new definition for PG is established, from which it becomesclear that very high processing gains (PGs) can be achieved in band-limited direct-sequencespread-spectrum (DSSS) applications by using spreading sequences with zero mean, giventhat certain conditions regarding spectral aliasing are met. To obtain large families of evenbalanced (i.e., equal number of ones and zeros) sequences, two design criteria are proposed,namely the ranging criterion (RC) and the generating ranging criterion (GRC). PN-EB se-quences in the polynomial range 3 ≤ n ≤ 6 are derived using these criteria, and it is shownthat they exhibit secondary autocorrelation and cross-correlation peaks comparable to thesequences they are derived from. The methods proposed not only facilitate the generationof large numbers of new PN-EB spreading sequences required for CDMA applications, butsimultaneously offer high processing gains and good despreading characteristics in mul-tiuser SS scenarios with band-limited noise and interference spectra. Simulation results arepresented to confirm the respective claims made.

EURASIP JWCN FORTHCOMING SPECIAL ISSUES

Ad Hoc Networks: Cross-Layer Issues

Guest Editors: Sergio Palazzo, Leandros Tassiulas, and Lang Tong

Ad Hoc Networks, due to their intended support of “no-limit” infrastructure-less commu-nication, pose many significant new challenges with respect to traditional wireless networks.The main particularities of ad hoc networks, which typically require new solutions for dis-tributed signal processing and control, can be summarized as follows: the autonomousand spontaneous nature of nodes which leads to dynamic unpredictable topology; nodemobility which may cause link failures and network partitions; battery limitations whichimply constraints on transmission power and network connectivity; and the need for co-operative and/or opportunistic behaviour in spite of the natural energy conservative selfishattitude of nodes.

Traditional layered protocol architectures are not well suited to deal with these mul-tifaceted issues, because they do not exploit the potential improvement in performancethat can be obtained through cross-layer design. Typical examples of transversal objectiveswhich deserve joint interaction of algorithms and techniques that span multiple layers areenergy efficiency, quality-of-service support, reliability, and network scalability. This spe-cial issue sollicits research papers which shed new light on the potential benefits gained byapplying a cross-layer design perspective to ad hoc networks. We seek original and unpub-lished contributions addressing novel architectures, algorithms, and/or protocols, whereevidence of the performance gain obtained is shown by either theoretical analysis, simula-tion, or experimental results.

Wireless Sensor Networks

Guest Editors: Biao Chen, Wendi Heinzelman, Mingyan Liu,and Andrew T. Campbell

Recent advances in integrated circuit and digital wireless communication technologies haveenabled the design of wireless sensor networks to facilitate the joint processing of spatiallyand temporally distributed information. Such networks greatly enhance our ability to un-derstand and evaluate complex systems and environments. Using wireless connectivity forsensor networks offers increased flexibility in the deployment and reconfiguration of thenetwork and reduces the infrastructure cost. These advantages will enable sensor networksto monitor complex environments for applications ranging from battlefield surveillance toenvironment monitoring and telemedicine control.

Enormous challenges in the understanding of sensor networks presently impede de-ployment of many of the envisaged applications. In particular, for wireless sensor networksthat employ in situ unattended sensors, physical constraints integrating power, bandwidth,and cost have presented significant challenges as well as research opportunities in the field.One of the major concerns is maintaining connectivity: the geographical disperseness ofthe sensor nodes and the ad hoc network structure, coupled with the above-mentioned re-source constraints, make this a unique challenge. Maintaining efficient network operationis further exacerbated by the volume of data generated by the sensors, which is dispropor-tionally large compared with the network capacity. This special issue is intended to provide

EURASIP JWCN Forthcoming Special Issues 125

a venue for the dissemination of high-quality research addressing these challenges for wire-less sensor networks. We solicit original contributions that have direct connection to orimpact on the communications and networking design of wireless sensor networks.

Quality of Service in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Guest Editors: Wei (Wayne) Li, Mohsen Guizani, and Demetrios Kazakos

Mobile ad hoc networking is a challenging task due to a lack of resources residing in the net-work as well as frequent changes in network topology. Although much research has beendirected to supporting QoS in the Internet and traditional wireless networks, present re-sults are not suitable for mobile ad hoc network (MANET). QoS support for mobile adhoc networks remains an open problem, drawing interest from both academia and indus-try under military and commercial sponsorship. MANETs have certain unique characteris-tics that pose several difficulties in provisioning QoS, such as dynamically varying networktopology, lack of precise state information, lack of central control, error-prone shared radiochannels, limited resource availability, hidden terminal problems, and insecure media, andlittle consensus yet exists on which approaches may be optimal. Future MANETs are likelyto be “multimode” or heterogeneous in nature. Thus, the routers comprising a MANET willemploy multiple, physical-layer wireless technologies, with each new technology requiringa multiple-access (MAC) protocol for supporting QoS. Above the MAC layer, forwarding,routing, signaling, and admission control policies are required, and the best combinationof these policies will change as the underlying hardware technology evolves.

The special issue solicits original papers dealing with state-of-the-art and up-to-date ef-forts in design, performance analysis, implementation and experimental results for variousQoS issues in MANETs. Fundamental research results as well as practical implementationsand demonstrators are encouraged.

CMOS RF Circuits for Wireless Applications

Guest Editors: Kris Iniewski, Mourad El-Gamal, and Robert Bogdan Staszewski

Advanced concepts for wireless communications present a vision of technology that is em-bedded in our surroundings and practically invisible, but present whenever required. Fromestablished radio techniques like GSM, 802.11, or Bluetooth to more emerging ones likeultra-wideband (UWB) or smart dust moats, a common denominator for future progressis underlying CMOS technology. Although the use of deep-submicron CMOS processesallows for an unprecedented degree of scaling in digital circuitry, it complicates implemen-tation and integration of traditional RF circuits. The explosive growth of standard cellularradios and radically different new wireless applications makes it imperative to find archi-tectural and circuit solutions to these design problems.

Two key issues for future silicon-based systems are scale of integration and ultra-lowpower dissipation. The concept of combining digital, memory, mixed-signal, and RF cir-cuitry on one chip in the form of System-on-Chip (SoC) has been around for a while.However, the difficulty of integrating heterogeneous circuit design styles and processes ontoone substrate still remains. Therefore, System-in-Package (SiP) concept seems to be gainingmore acceptance.

126 EURASIP JWCN Forthcoming Special Issues

While it is true that heterogeneous circuits and architectures originally developed fortheir native technologies cannot be effectively integrated “as is” into a deep-submicronCMOS process, one might ask the question whether those functions can be ported intomore CMOS-friendly architectures to reap all the benefits of the digital design and flow.It is not predestined that RF wireless frequency synthesizers be always charge-pump-basedPLLs with VCOs, RF transmit upconverters be I/Q modulators, receivers use only Gilbertcell or passive continuous-time mixers. Performance of modern CMOS transistors is nowa-days good enough for multi-GHz RF applications.

Low power has always been important for wireless communications. With new develop-ments in wireless sensor networks and wireless systems for medical applications, the powerdissipation is becoming a number one issue. Wireless sensor network systems are beingapplied in critical applications in commerce, healthcare, and security. These systems haveunique characteristics and face many implementation challenges. The requirement for longoperating life for a wireless sensor node under limited energy supply imposes the most se-vere design constraints. This calls for innovative design methodologies at the circuit andsystem level to address this rigorous requirement.

Wireless systems for medical applications hold a number of advantages over wired alter-natives, including the ease of use, reduced risk of infection, reduced risk of failure, reducedpatient discomfort, enhanced mobility, and lower cost. Typically, applications demand ex-pertise in multiple disciplines, varying from analog sensors to digital processing cores, sug-gesting opportunities for extensive hardware integration.

The special issue will address the state of the art in CMOS design in the context of wire-less communication for 3G/4G cellular telephony, wireless sensor networks, and wirelessmedical applications.

EURASIP JOURNAL ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

Special Issue on

Ultra-Wideband (UWB) CommunicationSystems—Technology and Applications

CALL FOR PAPERS

The opening of unlicensed frequency band between 3.1 GHz and 10.6 GHz (7.5 GHz)for indoor wireless communication systems by the Federal Communications Commission(FCC) spurred the development of ultra-wideband (UWB) communications. Several wire-less personal area networking (WPAN) products have been demonstrated recently. Theseproducts implement one of the two leading proposals to the IEEE 802.15.3a High-SpeedWPAN Standards Committee. On the other hand, the IEEE 802.15.4a Standards Commit-tee is focusing on low power, low bit rate applications, emphasizing accurate localization.This flurry of activity has demonstrated the feasibility of high-bit-rate and low-bit-rate/low-power UWB communications. Further improvement in UWB transmission speed and re-ductions in power consumption and UWB transceiver cost require a comprehensive inves-tigation of UWB communications that simultaneously addresses system issues, analog anddigital implementation constraints, and RF circuitry limitations. In the application area,coexistence with other wireless standards plays an important role.

The aim of this special issue is to present recent research in UWB communication sys-tems with emphasis on future applications in wireless communications. Prospective papersshould be unpublished and present novel innovative contributions from either a method-ological or an application perspective.

Suggested topics include (but are not limited) to:

• UWB channel modeling and measurement• High-bit-rate UWB communications• UWB modulation and multiple access• Synchronization and channel estimation• Pulse shaping and filtering• UWB transceiver design and signal processing• Interference and coexistence• Ultra-low-power UWB transmission• MIMO-UWB• Multiband UWB• Spectral management• UWB wireless networks and related issues

• Ranging and positioning• Applications

Authors should follow the EURASIP JWCN manuscript format described at the jour-nal site http://www.hindawi.com/journals/wcn/. Prospective authors should submit an elec-tronic copy of their complete manuscript through the EURASIP JWCN manuscript trackingsystem at http://www.mstracking.com/wcn/, according to the following timetable:

Manuscript Due September 1, 2005

Acceptance Notification February 1, 2006

Final Manuscript Due May 1, 2006

Publication Date 3rd Quarter, 2006

GUEST EDITORS:

Nallanathan Arumugam, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, NationalUniversity of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260; elena@nus.edu.sg

Arne Svensson, Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Signals and Systems,41296, Goteborg, Sweden; arne.svensson@s2.chalmers.se

A. H. Tewfik, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 4-174EE/CSCI Building, 200 Union st. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455; tewfic@ece.umn.edu

http://www.hindawi.com

EURASIP JOURNAL ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

Special Issue on

Wireless Network Security

CALL FOR PAPERS

Recent advances in wireless network technologies have rapidly developed in recent years,as evidenced by wireless location area networks (WLANs), wireless personal area networks(WPANs), wireless metropolitan area networks (WMANs), and wireless wide area networks(WWANs), that is, cellular networks. A major impediment to their deployment, however,is wireless network security. For example, the lack of data confidentiality in wired equiva-lent privacy (WEP) protocol has been proven, and newly adopted standards such as IEEE802.11i robust secruity network (RSN) and IEEE 802.15.3a ultra-wideband (UWB) are notfully tested and, as such, may expose unforeseen security vulnerabilities. The effort to im-prove wireless network security is linked with many technical challenges including compat-ibility with legacy wireless networks, complexity in implementation, and cost/performancetrade-offs. The need to address wireless network security and to provide timely, solid tech-nical contributions establishes the motivation behind this special issue.

This special issue will focus on novel and functional ways to improve wireless networksecurity. Papers that do not focus on wireless network security will not be reviewed. Specificareas of interest in WLANs, WPANs, WMANs, and WWANs include, but are not limitedto:

• Attacks, security mechanisms, and security services• Authentication• Access control• Data confidentiality• Data integrity• Nonrepudiation• Encryption and decryption• Key management• Fraudulent usage• Wireless network security performance evaluation• Wireless link layer security• Tradeoff analysis between performance and security• Authentication and authorization for mobile service network• Wireless security standards (IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.15, IEEE 802.16, 3GPP, and

3GPP2)

Authors should follow the EURASIP JWCN manuscript format described at the jour-nal site http://www.hindawi.com/journals/wcn/. Prospective authors should submit an elec-tronic copy of their complete manuscript through the EURASIP JWCN manuscript trackingsystem at http://www.mstracking.com/wcn/, according to the following timetable:

Manuscript Due October 1, 2005

Acceptance Notification February 1, 2006

Final Manuscript Due May 1, 2006

Publication Date 3rd Quarter, 2006

GUEST EDITORS:

Yang Xiao, Computer Science Division, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152,USA; yangxiao@ieee.org

Yi-Bing Lin, Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, NationalChiao Tung University, Taiwan; liny@csie.nctu.edu.tw

Ding-Zhu Du, Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Minnesota,Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; dzd@cs.umn.edu

http://www.hindawi.com

EURASIP JOURNAL ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

Special Issue on

Radio Resource Management in 3G+ Systems

CALL FOR PAPERS

The 3G+ wireless systems can be characterized by aggregate bit rates in the range of Mbps,QoS support for interactive multimedia services, global mobility, service portability, en-hanced ubiquity, and larger user capacity. All digital entirely packet-switched radio net-works involving hybrid networking and access technologies are envisioned in 3G+ systems.In such systems, radio resource management (RRM) plays a major role in the provision ofQoS and efficient utilization of scarce radio resources. With the required support for multi-media services to multiple users over diverse wireless networks and ever-increasing demandfor high-quality wireless services, the need for effective and efficient RRM techniques be-comes more important than ever. The addition of efficient packet data channels in bothforward and reverse directions and QoS support in 3G standards leads to a more flexiblenetwork, but at the same time increases the complexity of determining the optimal alloca-tion of resources especially on the radio interface. This special issue is devoted to addressingthe urgent and important need for efficient and effective RRM techniques in the evolvingnext-generation wireless systems.

We are seeking original, high-quality, and unpublished papers representing the state-of-the-art research in radio resource management aspects of the next-generation wirelesscommunication systems. Topics of interests include, but are not limited to:

• Resource optimization for multimedia services• Rate allocation and adaptation• Transmit power control and allocation• Intelligent scheduling• Subcarrier allocation in multicarrier systems• Antenna selection techniques in MIMO systems• Call admission control• Load balancing, congestion, and flow control in radio networks• Modeling and analysis of QoS in wireless networks• Adaptive QoS control for wireless multimedia• Delay and jitter management in wireless networks• Handoff and mobility management• RRM techniques in hybrid radio networks• Distributed versus centralized RRM

• RRM in mesh networks• Cross-layer optimization of radio resources• H-ARQ techniques and issues• Performance of multihop and cooperative networks• Challenges in implementation of VoIP over radio networks• Experimental and implementation issues

Authors should follow the EURASIP JWCN manuscript format described at the jour-nal site http://www.hindawi.com/journals/wcn/. Prospective authors should submit an elec-tronic copy of their complete manuscript through the EURASIP JWCN manuscript trackingsystem at http://www.mstracking.com/wcn/, according to the following timetable:

Manuscript Due October 1, 2005

Acceptance Notification February 1, 2006

Final Manuscript Due May 1, 2006

Publication Date 3rd Quarter, 2006

GUEST EDITORS:

Alagan Anpalagan, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, RyersonUniversity, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M5B 2K3; alagan@ee.ryerson.ca

Rath Vannithamby, Ericsson Inc., 5012 Wateridge Vista Drive, San Diego, CA 92126,USA; rath.vannithamby@ericsson.com

Weihua Zhuang, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University ofWaterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, Canada N2L 3G1;wzhuang@bbcr.uwaterloo.ca

Sonia Aissa, INRS-EMT, Universite du Quebec, Place Bonaventure, 800 GauchetiereOuest, Suite 6900, Montreal, QC, Canada H5A 1K6; aissa@inrs-emt.uquebec.ca

http://www.hindawi.com

EURASIP JOURNAL ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

Special Issue on

Multiuser Cooperative Diversityfor Wireless Networks

CALL FOR PAPERS

Multihop relaying technology is a promising solution for future cellular and ad-hoc wire-less communications systems in order to achieve broader coverage and to mitigate wirelesschannels impairment without the need to use large power at the transmitter. Recently, a newconcept that is being actively studied in multihop-augmented networks is multiuser coop-erative diversity, where several terminals form a kind of coalition to assist each other withthe transmission of their messages. In general, cooperative relaying systems have a sourcenode multicasting a message to a number of cooperative relays, which in turn resend a pro-cessed version to the intended destination node. The destination node combines the signalreceived from the relays, possibly also taking into account the source’s original signal. Co-operative diversity exploits two fundamental features of the wireless medium: its broadcastnature and its ability to achieve diversity through independent channels. There are threeadvantages from this:

(1) Diversity. This occurs because different paths are likely to fade independently. Theimpact of this is expected to be seen in the physical layer, in the design of a receiverthat can exploit this diversity.

(2) Beamforming gain. The use of directed beams should improve the capacity on the in-dividual wireless links. The gains may be particularly significant if space-time codingschemes are used.

(3) Interference Mitigation. A protocol that takes advantage of the wireless channeland the antennas and receivers available could achieve a substantial gain in systemthroughput by optimizing the processing done in the cooperative relays and in thescheduling of retransmissions by the relays so as to minimize mutual interferenceand facilitate information transmission by cooperation.

The special issue solicits original research papers dealing with up-to-date efforts in de-sign, performance analysis, implementation and experimental results of cooperative diver-sity networks.

We seek original, high-quality, and unpublished papers representing the state-of-the-art research in the area of multiuser cooperative diversity as applied to the next generation

multihop wireless communication systems. We encourage submission of high-quality pa-pers that report original work in both theoretical and experimental research areas.

Topics of interests include, but are not limited to:

• Information theoretic aspects of cooperative diversity• Cooperative diversity from the standpoint of multiuser information theory:

Shannon capacity• Cooperative diversity and its relation to network coding• Security aspects

• Physical layer and networking aspects of cooperative diversity• Cooperative protocols for wireless relay, ad hoc, and sensor multihop networks• Cross-layer protocol design• Power allocation in networks with cooperative diversity• Reducing transmission energy and extending terminal battery life in coopera-

tive diversity networks• Relay networks architectures

• MIMO transmission and cooperative diversity networks• Cooperative systems with space-time coding• MIMO transmission in multihop networks• Cooperative MIMO

Authors should follow the EURASIP JWCN manuscript format described at the jour-nal site http://www.hindawi.com/journals/wcn/. Prospective authors should submit an elec-tronic copy of their complete manuscript through the EURASIP JWCN manuscript trackingsystem at http://www.mstracking.com/wcn/, according to the following timetable:

Manuscript Due November 1, 2005

Acceptance Notification March 1, 2006

Final Manuscript Due June 1, 2006

Publication Date 3rd Quarter, 2006

GUEST EDITORS:

George K. Karagiannidis, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, AristotleUniversity of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; geokarag@auth.gr

Chintha Tellambura, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University ofAlberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2V4; chintha@ece.ualberta.ca

Sayandev Mukherjee, Lucent Technologies, 600-700 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, NJ07974, USA; sayan@lucent.com

Abraham O. Fapojuwo, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, TheUniversity of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4;fapojuwo@ucalgary.ca

http://www.hindawi.com

EURASIP BOOK SERIES ON

SIGNAL PROCESSINGAND COMMUNICATIONS

http://www.hindawi.com/books/spc/

EURASIP Book Series on Signal Processing and Communications publishes monographs,edited volumes, and textbooks on signal processing and communications.

Published Titles

• High-Fidelity Multichannel Audio Coding, Dai Tracy Yang, Chris Kyriakakis, andC.-C. Jay Kuo

• Genomic Signal Processing and Statistics, Edited by: Edward R. Dougherty,Ilya Shmulevich, Jie Chen, and Z. Jane Wang

Forthcoming Titles

• Smart Antennas—State of the Art, Edited by: Thomas Kaiser, Andre Bourdoux,Holger Boche, Javier Rodrıguez Fonollosa, Jorgen Bach Andersen,and Wolfgang Utschick

• UWB Communication Systems—A Comprehensive Overview,Edited by: Andreas Molisch, Ian Oppermann, Maria Gabriella Di Benedetto,Domenico Porcino, David Bateman, Phillip Rouzet, and Thomas Kaiser

• Resource Allocation and Management over Wireless Networks: Basics,Techniques, and Applications, K. J. Ray Liu and Zhu Han

• Signal Processing for the Acoustic Human/Machine Interface, Walter Kellermannand Herbert Buchner

• Digital Fingerprinting for Multimedia Forensics, K. J. Ray Liu, Wade Trappe, Z. JaneWang, Min Wu, and Hong Zhao

• Advances on Nonlinear Signal and Image Processing, Edited by: Stephen Marshalland Giovanni L. Sicuranza

Editor-in-Chief

K. J. Ray Liu, University of Maryland, USA; kjrliu@eng.umd.edu

Editorial Board

Zhi Ding, University of California, USA; zding@ece.ucdavis.eduMoncef Gabbouj, Tampere University of Technology, Finland;moncef.gabbouj@tut.fiPeter Grant, University of Edinburgh, UK; pmg@ee.ed.ac.ukFerran Marques, ETSETB Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Spain;ferran@gps.tsc.upc.esMarc Moonen, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium;marc.moonen@esat.kuleuven.ac.beHideaki Sakai, Kyoto University, Japan; hsakai@i.kyoto-u.ac.jpGiovanni Sicuranza, Dipartimento di Elettronica/Informatica, Italy;sicuranza@univ.trieste.itBob Stewart, University of Strathclyde, UK; r.stewart@eee.strath.ac.ukSergios Theodoridis, University of Athens, Greece; stheodor@di.uoa.gr

For more information, please contact spc.ed@hindawi.com.

Forthcoming Volumes in the EURASIP Book Series on Signal Processing and Communications

Smart Antennas−−Stateof the ArtEdited by: Thomas Kaiser, Andre Bourdoux, Holger Boche, Javier Rodrıguez

Fonollosa, Jorgen Bach Andersen, and Wolfgang Utschick

“Smart Antennas—State of the Art” brings together the broad expertise of 41 Eu-ropean experts in smart antennas. They provide a comprehensive review and anextensive analysis of the recent progress and new results generated during thelast years in almost all fields of smart antennas and MIMO (Multiple Input MultipleOutput) transmission. The book covers Receiver Signal Processing, Channel, Trans-mitter, Network Information Theory, Technology, and Systems/Applications.

This book serves as a reference for scientists and engineers, who need to be awareof the leading edge research in multiple antenna communications, an essentialtechnology for emerging broadband wireless systems.

UWB CommunicationSystems−−A ComprehensiveOverviewEdited by: Andreas Molisch, Ian Oppermann, Maria Gabriella Di Benedetto,

Domenico Porcino, David Bateman, Phillip Rouzet, and Thomas Kaiser

Ultrawideband (UWB) communication systems offer an unprecedented opportunityto impact the future communication world. The enormous available bandwidth,the wide scope of the data rate/range trade-off, as well as the potential for verylow-cost operation leading to pervasive usage, all present a unique opportunity forUWB systems to impact the way people and intelligent machines communicate andinteract with their environment.

The book is targeted at advanced academic researchers, wireless designers, andgraduate students wishing to greatly enhance their knowledge of all aspects ofUWB systems.

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Forthcoming Volumes in the EURASIP Book Series on Signal Processing and Communications

Resource Allocation and Managementover Wireless Networks: Basics,Techniques, and ApplicationsK. J. Ray Liu and Zhu Han; ISBN: 977-5945-11-9

With the advancement of technologies, wireless networks have become ubiquitousowing to the great demands of pervasive mobile applications. To satisfy the grow-ing requests of wireless services, the future wireless networks are characterizedby broadband, high data rate capabilities, integration of services, heterogeneousQoS provisioning, flexibility, and scalability. Many technical challenges yet remainto achieve these requirements, such as the adverse natures of wireless channels,scarce wireless resources, and conflicts among users. Resource allocation is a gen-eral strategy to combat detrimental effects of wireless channels, optimize the allo-cations of limited resources, and control the interferences, so as to provide thedesired services and optimize the system performances. Foreseeing the emerg-ing needs and the potentials of resource allocation in the future wireless networkdesign, this book will provide the overview of the background, the optimizationframework, and recent progress and advancement.

This book aims at developing a unified view on how to efficiently optimize thedynamic allocations of scant wireless resources over assorted wireless networkscenarios. It covers concepts in signal processing, economics, decision theory, op-timization, information theory, communications, and networking to address theissues in question.

The book is partitioned into three parts. In Part I, the basic concepts of resourceallocation are considered for multiple users to share the limited wireless resourcesfor their transmissions under some practical constraints. Topics included are wire-less network models, power control, rate adaptation, scheduling, channel alloca-tion, admission control, handover, etc. In part II, the optimization techniques com-monly used for wireless resource allocation problems are considered. They includestatic optimization, dynamic optimization, game theory approach, and other sig-nal processing techniques. Finally, in Part III, the resource allocation issues fordifferent networking scenarios are presented, in particular, the MIMO systems, het-erogeneous QoS provisioning, OFDM networks, wireless multimedia, packet accesssystems, and ad hoc and sensor networks.

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Forthcoming Volumes in the EURASIP Book Series on Signal Processing and Communications

Signal Processing for the AcousticHuman-Machine InterfaceWalter Kellermann and Herbert Buchner; ISBN: 977-5945-16-X

This monograph presents a coherent treatment of the state of the art in acous-tic signal processing for speech and audio, especially for ‘natural’ human-machineinterfaces, where users are untethered and mobile. This area has attracted manyresearchers in recent years due to that novel highly advanced signal processingalgorithms promise significant practical benefits. For a direct access to the state ofthe art, this book is designed as a textbook and reference for graduate students,practicing engineers, and researchers with some background in digital signal pro-cessing.

The book starts with a discussion of the properties of acoustic systems and speechand audio signals involved in the scenario, and then defines the fundamental prob-lems and basic signal processing concepts for both reproduction and acquisitionof such signals. For each of these concepts, we start with single-channel algorithmsand then strongly emphasize the increasingly important multichannel techniques,which open the door to new solutions by exploiting the spatial domain.

The first of these concepts to describe is the extension of acoustic echo cancellationfrom the single-channel case to multiple loudspeaker channels, to the combinationwith microphone arrays, and also to nonlinear echo paths.

For the enhancement of speech and audio signals as acquired in noisy and reverber-ant environments, we first examine single-channel noise reduction and dereverber-ation schemes. Multichannel schemes are discussed in three chapters on statisticalmultichannel signal enhancement, classical spatial filtering (supervised beamform-ing), and blind signal separation for convolutive mixtures, which can be seen asblind beamforming.

As an additional building block of natural human-machine interfaces, localizationof sources, e.g., as needed for supervised beamforming, is addressed and the cur-rent state of the art is reviewed.

Finally, the integration of several of the above algorithmic modules into real-worldsystems is discussed, by way of both general strategies and specific examples.

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Forthcoming Volumes in the EURASIP Book Series on Signal Processing and Communications

Digital Fingerprinting for Multimedia ForensicsK. J. Ray Liu, Wade Trappe, Z. Jane Wang, Min Wu, and Hong Zhao

ISBN: 977-5945-18-6

The popularity of multimedia content has led to the widespread distribution andconsumption of digital multimedia data. As a result of the relative ease with whichindividuals may now alter and repackage digital content, ensuring that media con-tent is employed by authorized users for its intended purpose is becoming anissue of eminent importance to both governmental security and commercial ap-plications. Digital fingerprinting is a class of multimedia forensic technologies totrack and identify entities involved in the illegal manipulation and unauthorizedusage of multimedia content, thereby protecting the sensitive nature of multime-dia data as well as its commercial value after the content has been delivered to arecipient.

This book covers the essential aspects of research in this emerging technology, andexplains the latest development in this field. It describes the framework of multi-media fingerprinting, discusses the challenges that may be faced when enforcingusage polices, and investigates the design of fingerprints that cope with new fam-ilies of multiuser attacks that may be mounted against media fingerprints. Thediscussion provided in the book highlights challenging problems as well as futuretrends in this research field, providing readers with a broader view of the evolutionof the young field of multimedia forensics.

Topics and features:• Comprehensive coverage of digital watermarking and fingerprinting in multime-dia forensics for a number of media types.• Detailed discussion on challenges in multimedia fingerprinting and analysis ofeffective multiuser collusion attacks on digital fingerprinting.• Thorough investigation of fingerprint design and performance analysis for ad-dressing different application concerns arising in multimedia fingerprinting.• Well-organized explanation of problems and solutions, such as order-statistics-based nonlinear collusion attacks, efficient detection and identification of collud-ers, group-oriented fingerprint design, and anti-collusion codes for multimedia fin-gerprinting.

Presenting the state of the art in collusion-resistant digital fingerprinting for mul-timedia forensics, this invaluable book is accessible to a wide range of researchersand professionals in the fields of electrical engineering, computer science, infor-mation technologies, and digital rights management.

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Forthcoming Volumes in the EURASIP Book Series on Signal Processing and Communications

Advances on Nonlinear Signaland Image ProcessingEdited by: Stephen Marshall and Giovanni L. Sicuranza

ISBN: 977-5945-21-6

The interest in nonlinear methods in signal processing is steadily increasing, sincenowadays the advances in computational capacities make it possible to implementsophisticated nonlinear processing techniques which in turn allow remarkable im-provements with respect to standard and well-consolidated linear processing ap-proaches.

The aim of the book is to present a review of emerging new areas of interest in-volving nonlinear signal and image processing theories, techniques, and tools.

More than 30 leading researchers have contributed to this book covering the majortopics relevant to nonlinear signal processing. These topics include recent theoreti-cal contributions in different areas of digital filtering and a number of applicationsin genomics, speech analysis and synthesis, communication system, active noisecontrol, digital watermarking, feature extraction, texture analysis, and color imageprocessing.

The book is intended as a reference for recent advances and new applications oftheories, techniques, and tools in the area of nonlinear signal processing. The tar-get audience are graduate students and practitioners working on modern signalprocessing applications.

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Forthcoming Volumes in the EURASIP Book Series on Signal Processing and Communications

Genetic and Evolutionary Computationfor Image Processing and Analysis

Edited by: Stefano Cagnoni, Evelyne Lutton, and Gustavo Olague

ISBN: 977-5945-22-4

Image analysis and processing is steadily gaining relevance within the large num-ber of application fields to which genetic and evolutionary computation (GEC) tech-niques are applied. Although more and more examples of such applications can befound in literature, they are scattered, apart from a few exceptions, in proceedingsand journals dedicated to more general topics. This book is the first attempt tooffer a panoramic view on the field, by describing applications of most mainstreamGEC techniques to a wide range of problems in image processing and analysis.More than 20 leading researchers in the field have contributed to this book, cover-ing topics ranging from low-level image processing to high-level image analysis inadvanced computer vision applications. Although the book is mainly application-oriented, particular care has been given to introducing GEC methods, in each chap-ter, at a level which makes them accessible to a wide audience. The expected targetof the book comprises practitioners and researchers in image analysis and pro-cessing who may not be familiar with GEC techniques. At the same time, the bookcan as well be of interest for researchers in evolutionary computation, since mostcontributions focus on applications of genetic and evolutionary techniques whichare based on nontrivial implementations of such methods. This feature reflects thenature of the contributions which are authored both by researchers for which GECis the main field of interest and by researchers whose work is mainly focused onimage processing and analysis.

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How to Become a EURASIP Member

EURASIP membership is open to all persons and institutions active or interested in sig-nal processing within Europe or outside. Membership benefits include free subscriptionto EURASIP Newsletter; reduced subscription to the journals “Signal Processing,” “SpeechCommunication,” “Signal Processing: Image Communication,” “EURASIP Journal on Ap-plied Signal Processing,” and “EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Net-working”; reduced fees for conferences and workshops that are sponsored or cosponsoredby the Association; and reduced fees for EURASIP’s short courses.

Personal (individual) membership must be paid by personal funds. To validate theircategory, students should provide an endorsement from school of ricials stating that theyare enrolled in regular academic programs. Please send an application letter containing yourname, title, position, company/institution, full mailing address, country, phone number,telefax number, and the desired journals to EURASIP, European Association for Signal,Speech, and Image Processing, EPFL-STI-LTS, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, togetherwith your remittance.

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2005 Membership Fees in Euros for EURASIP Members

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2005 Print Only Journal Prices for EURASIP Members (Elsevier journals)

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How to Become a Member of EURASIP 143

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All EURASIP members that subscribe to an Elsevier journal have access to its electronicversion by the Elsevier Website.

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2005 Print and Online Journal Prices for EURASIP Members (Hindawi Journals)

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Online only subscribers will be able to download articles from all back volumes as wellgiving them access to EURASIP JASP volumes 2001-2004 in addition to EURASIP JASPand EURASIP JWCN volumes 2005.JWCN will be Open Access online starting with 2005.

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