Ko Min Ko Naing Book(နောက်ကြည့်မှန်)
-
Upload
khangminh22 -
Category
Documents
-
view
1 -
download
0
Transcript of Ko Min Ko Naing Book(နောက်ကြည့်မှန်)
yk HE S dy fr Swfwrf;yk HE S dy fr Swfwrf;yk HE S dy fr Swfwrf;yk HE S dy fr Swfwrf;yk HE S dy fr Swfwrf;xkwfa0ol / EdkifiHtusOf;om;rsm;ulnDapmifha&Smufa&;toif;(jrefrmEdkifiH)
xkwfa0jcif; / yxrtBudrf? 2009 ckESpf atmufwdkbmv
rsufESmzHk;ESifhtwGif;'DZdkif; / oD[armifarmif
qufoG,f&ef / P.O Box 93, Maesod, Tak, 63110, Thailand
Tel: 66(0)55 545 495
e.mail: [email protected] website: www.aappb.org
pDpOfolYpum;pDpOfolYpum;pDpOfolYpum;pDpOfolYpum;pDpOfolYpum;
PMAYO N FpDKI FI �A��� �O �MC�R�KWF� WP �KW�MU DKAX MU FC��EF� O DKR�KWFU EFU U F�EFO N FPMAYT pKYN M
� �N F�\FCSU FR�KWFAY� PMAYO N FT pKYN MYP �N F�JZPFU M \�FAU S�R U DP �JZPFO N F� O DKAO MFPMAYO N FX DKPMAYU DK
ZEFW z�O L AEX DKI FJZWFO EF� �AO MACWF� T V I F�T AR�MI F� T Q DK�T AU MI F� WDKU DKRL X I F�YF AZMFJYAV O N F�
T pKYN MZ E FW z �O L� P MA��O LW DKO N F AV MU X tR � T V �W �M�U DK �U D� �P M� AZ MFX KW F�U O N F�
R �E FU E FP M\�K�U N FR p �I FH V LO M��AU MI F�U SD��CSRF�O MU DK U MU \FAP MI FHA��MU FJCI F�O N F U R rMAV MU U DK
V �YAPAO MW�M�� O P �MRN FYGO N F� O DKA�U MI FHYI F PMAYT pKYN M�LO N F AV MU T V �W�M�p�I FH\��FU M ZL�YI FHAO M
YEF��KQ DKX DKU FO N F� O DKAO MF X DKYEF�U DK PDKU FYSD��O LWDKB yU M� AJZMI FHJZ��V �YJCI F� R��DWWF�
\�K�U N FR T W U F O LB y�T AU MI F�Q �K�T CSDEFRSM�U DK E ���AV �B U F�U M� �I F�p�z�JR ��YFp��C tH� \CKW ZEF
�I F�p�z�JR��YFp��Q tJZPFAO MFV N F� O LO N F pDKI FI �A��O W &yGR�O MR�KWFAY� PU M�V �K�RSM�� T AW �PDWFU L�RSM�JZI FH ZEFW z�CtH
AO MFV N F� O LO N FT DYFRU Fp�I FH AWMU PM�AEAO M T pKYN MO N FR�O MR�KWF� O Lp�V �K�O M�O N F O EFPI F O EFRMP M
V YFCKEFAEAV O N F� CSPFJCI F�T M�JZI FH \�K�U N FR O N F YDKV DKV I F�V U FAWMU FYV MO N F� O LO N F O LJZW FO EF�AO M
O RDKI F�ACWFU DK �DK���I F�V �YP M Z tptWWFO LJZPFA�U MI F�AW JRI F�O N F� X DKT Z tT ptO N F O RDKI F�� R�EFU LU U FWCKT JZPF
JYD��JYU FU SEFCtHV DRFHRN F�K U SAEMFWDK \�K�U N FO N F�
O LO N F V LT CI FHT A��p�I FH 'DRDKU A�P zU DK CSU F�U D��p�I FHT WLT JZWFC�CtH�AO M RS�D�Q U FU DK U DK\FPM�JY�O N F�
2yy� CKp�PF AT MU FWDKB M �� �U FW I F O LT O U F �� p�PFJYN FH�Yz� O �WDKI FAEMU FU AR�AE �U DWFAY�W I F U SAEMFWDK
Z A\MI F�W DKI F X E F�C I FHR�AO MFV N F� O Lp �V �K�O M��T V I F�A�MI FU DK T M�V �K�X � YS �p � ��E F O N FP MT KYF
I \FX KWFAyJCI F�O N FYI F U SAEMFWDK O LT AY�X M�AO M T CSPFp�I FH iG�yJZPFO N F�
T R�EFp�I FHT R�M�� T AU MI F�p�I FHT Q DK�� T O PFp�I FHT A�MI F�WDKRN FO N FT M��YD�I F�Rt� \��F�YD�I FWDKU FCDKU F�RtJZPFO N F� T Q �K�W I FRL
T AU MI FU pDKI F�Rt� T R �EFU AT MI FY tC ��Rt� T O PFU T PM�WDK�AE�M\L�RtO MJZPFA�U MI F� O RDKI F� �MWFA�U MI F�RSM�U
O U FAO C�AEO N FU DKO WDRLT YFO N F� T R�EFWU \FW I FX DK�MWFU U FRSM�U DKO L�tAU MI F� RSM�JZI FHO M U JYCtHO N FR�KWF�
V LT Z tT PN F�WCK� T AJCC�T U SQ �K� V LX K�U z�O N FO M O RDKI F�� �MWFV DKU F AU SMFRSM�JZPFA�U MI F� O LU V �Y�DK���I F�P M
Z I FH�AZMFU S��JYCtHO N F�
V DK�MC�z�U DK ARMI Fp�I F�MW I F A��U DKO M��EF AEMU FU DK�U N FH�U �O N FO M� O LCSPFCI FAO M JYN FO LV LX K�U z�X �
O LU DK\FW DKI FAY�YDKV DKU FAO M AR �AE V U FAQ MI FR �M AE MU F�U N FHR �E FW CSYFJZ P FA�U MI F� T �T M�O I FHZ \F�M
AW �U �AYO N F�
AT AT YzYz
pDKI FI �A��T U S�F�O M�RSM�U LN zAPMI FHA��MU FA��T O I F�
aemufMunfhrSefaemufMunfhrSefaemufMunfhrSefaemufMunfhrSefaemufMunfhrSef
onfyef;csDum;wcsyfwGif wpkHw&m jznfUpGuf&efvkdaeonf[k olrtaejzihf awmifhwrdonf
RrSmMumNyD/ ckvkdaEGOD;wGif ykdíxif&Sm;onfrSm aemufcHuGif;jyifESifh rSKefysysum;vrf; NyD;awmU [kdwykHonfwykH
pkxm;onfU oHvrf;wkd&Snfrsm;eSifhZvDzm;wkH;tykHwkdUa&SUrSm xD;wnf; ukuúKdyifBuD;u cg;EGJUEGJUESifhxD;aqmif;
xm;aom rdef;rES,f/
wHvSyfawG<u,fonfU aeUvnfcif;rSm ndKwa,mufxJ xkdjrifuGif;ukd MunfU&if; vufawGU
Muaom tvkyfudk vkyfjzpfcJUonf? axGaxGxl;xl;pOf;pm;raeawmU tdrfab;&Sd opfwkdopfprsm;qGJxkwfum
vuform;ud&d,mrsm;yg ,lcJUonf/
]bmvJ rdef;uav;...usKyfudk bmckdif;OD;rSmvJ}
tbarmifonf q&morm;jzpfol\ orD;rkdU tvkdvkduf&onfxuf aysmfp&maumif;aom
upm;enf;wckudk rBuD;ri,ft&G,frSm ysif;ysif;&Sdwkdif; upm;cGifh&olES,f cHpm;wwf&í xkdokdUtar;ukd rJU
&SKHU&SKHU[efvkyfum ar;&if; uGrf;w,m0g;onf/ ndKu 'gudk'Davmufjzwfay;? 'gudkoHeJU&kdufr,f? 'DvkdykH[k
taqmufttkHBuD;wcrf;wem;aqmufvkdoleS,f ñTefjyae\/ pdwfvkdvuf&&SdonfESifh tbarmif Zkd;Zdk;Zwf
Zwfvkyfay;vkdufNyD/ olrñTefMum;&mae&mrSmwwfqifay;cJUNyD/
ndKwa,muf tdrfxJ0ifNyD; a&tdk;wvkH;o,fvmum ae&mcsNyD;wgif ukuúdKyifcg;yef;ü a&csrf;
pifwcktjzpf usufoa&&Sd&Sd wnfNyD;jzpfawmUonf/ tvSK&SifuAnf;xkd;OD;av[k tbarmifu wkdufwGef;
NyD; ajrjzLwcJ,lvmum a&csrf;piftajcopfwef;wGif rnfokdUa&;&efrnfudk trlt,mjzihf ar;onf/
]tbarmif aumif;rSKaygU}
]tdk...usKyfurdef;uav;ckdif;vkdU vkyfay;&wmyJ rdef;uav;wkdUrdom;pk emrnfa&;ygvm;}
][m..rvkyfygeJU ?aeOD;pOf;pm;OD;r,f}
ndKu tBuH&cufí awGa0aepOf tbarmifuyif 0kdif;pufaom pm;vkH;rsm;jzihf apwem
&Sif a':uRJraumif;rSK[k a&;onf/ ndKpdwfysufNyD tdrfbufjyefxGufoGm;\/ a':wifwifonf a&aomuf
rnfBuHNyD;rS aomufa&tdk;aysmufaejcif;aMumifh [JU..[ka&&Gwfum [kd[kd'D'D&Smonf/
tdrfay:wufvmaom ndKtm;awGUí nnf;ckeu aomufa&tdk;vS,faewm bmvkdUa&tdk;
pifrSm jyefrxm;wmvJ[k ar;\/
]a&tdk;pifrSmxm;vkdufwmyJ}
ndKUtajzaMumifh a':wifwifrsufapmif;xkd;í b,frvJ[JU 'DrSmr&Sdbl; tawmifaygufNyD;
ysHoGm;vkdUvm;[k bkdqwfqwfar;\/
]tif;..'gjzpfedKifw,f ?o'́gw&m;u tawmifwyfay;vkdufwmaygU}
raeUuyif pmar;yGJBuD;ajzNyD;í bmvkyf&rSef;rod a,mif&SmaeNyD[k orD;jzpfoltm; oem;
rdcJUonfukdyif aemifw&rd\/
BuD;us,faom ndKUpum;aMumifh a':wifwifa&iwf&onfUtxJ pdwfr&SnfawmU
?b,frvJ[ komxy far;\/ nd Kar;x k d ;í ñGe f jyv k du fonf/ uku ú d Kyi fce f ;ye f ;w Gi f
tcefUom;ae&m,loGm;onfUa&tkd;udkjrifonfeSifh...[if...igwkdUu bmeJUaomuf&rvJ[kar;\/
]avmavmq,f 'efcsdKifhBuD;xJ xnfUaomufr,ftar&m?tazjyeffvmrS tdk;wvkH;topf0,f
MuwmaygU? ndKo'̈gaygufNyD;vSKNyD;NyD? jyef,lvkdUr&awmUzl;/
]&moDOwk yl&wJUtxJ 'efcsdKifhxJua&u aEG;aEG;BuD;jzpfaerSmaygU? aps;utopf0,fvkdUvJ
ajrtkd;yJ&rSm 'DoJpdrfUtkd;rsdK;u&Sm;ygbd igawmU rajymvkdufcsifzl;? pdwfuL;aygufwkdif; udkU,dkUum;,m;x
xvkyfaewmyJ}
ndKum; olrrdcifa&&Gwfaeonfudk *&krjyKawmU topfpufpuf a&tdk;pifwGif yxrqkH;vm
rnfU tvSKcHyk*¾dKvf\ auseyfyDwdjzifh okH;aqmifrnfU rsufESmudkom cHpm;&efpdffwfapmae\/
________________________________________
waeUcif;vkH;arQmfonfUwkdif tvSKcHyk*¾Kdvfu ay:awmfrrl/ awGUaeusr[kwfí trSwfrJh
jzwfausmfoGm;MuonfvJ &Sdrnf[k em;vnfxm;onfhwdkif aEGtylwGif a&csrf;pifudk r&SmazG&aumif;vm;
[k olr NidKjiifrdonf / wa,mufwavu jrifoGm;ygvQuf udk,fhvrf;udk,fqufoGm;onfudk ndK jrifaomf
rcsdwifuJ usefcJh\ /
]vlawGu BuD;us,fvdkY ig'Davmuftyifyrf;cH vkyfay;xm;wm apwemudk todtrSwf
jyK&aumif;rSef;rodMuzl; / 'DwaeYvHk; wa,mufrS raomufvdkYuawmh igudk,fwdkifa&tdk;udk vuf0g;apmif;
eJY &dkufcGJvdkufr,f...[,f zG..zG..a,mifvdkY ? 'geukodkvfqdkwm tukodkvfpdwf rxm;&zl;wJh ?
tif;..at;jrMuap..aomufoHk;olawG}
tvdkrusjcif;udk csKd;ESdrfí olr qkawmif;&if; Asmrsm;aeonfudk tbarmif Munfhí&,fum
tvSL&Sif a':uRJrqdkawmh vlawGu tcwfcH&rSm aMumufMuw,f / emrnfajymif;ay;vdkuf&rvm;[k
rxdwxdp&if;ar;onf / olr a&at;tvGefBudKufí a&csKd;vQif rNyD;EdkifaomaMumifh taru pdwfwdkwdkif;
uRJr[k ac:onfudk tbarmif oHa,mifvdkufjcif;twGuf olr ydkítvdkrusjzpfvmonf/
naea&mufvmaomfvnf; tyl&Sdefu ravsmhao; ? ta0;rS OdD;xkyfaysmhwvHk; idkufidkuf
apmif;í pdkufpdkufvmaeolwOD; a&tdk;pifjrifNyD; tjrefavQmufvmonfudk ndKawGUvdkuf&í 0rf;omtm;&
NcHpnf;&dk;axmifhhodkY ajy;oGm;um tuJcwfaevdkuf\ /
olrESifh av;iG;vHcefUtuGm&Sd a&tkd;pif\ a&rSKwfudk xkdoluqGJudkifNyD; tirf;r&aomufae
onfudk aemufausmzufrS jrifNyD; ndKaysmf&Tifaeonf;/
]tm;..aumif;ygUAsm;? tvSK&Sifa':uRJr csrf;omokcjynfUygapownf;}
a&ESpfrSKwfqifhaomufNyD; auseyf0rf;omjzihf xkdol pmwrf;u uAsnf;ukd zwfum qkawmif;
ay;íxGufoGm;onfwGif ndKrSmESpfoufjcif;ESifh tvkdrusjcif; ESpfrsdK;a&mvsuf uRJNrD;wkdusef&pfcJU\/
_________________________________________
nutdyf&m0ifonfUwkdif vlwa,muf&Tifystm;&aomufokH;cGifh&cJUaom olr\'getwGuf
ndKrSm MunfeK;rqkH;? bk&m;&Spfckd;NyD; acgif;tkH;ay:acgif;cstdyfNyD;onfUwkdif trQrQ[líay;írNyD;edKifao; /
'geftkd;xJrSa&udk owÅKapmfeHonf[k nnf;wGm;&SKUHrJUaomufcJU&aom a':wifwifum; om"kygawmf om"k
yg tvSKUtrBuD;&JU[k cyff&GJU&GJUjyefatmfae\/ ndK&,farmvsuf ESpfNcdKufpGmtdyfaysmfcJUonf/
reufrvif;rDyif olrcsrf;ompGmedK;aeNyD? wHrsufpnf;udkqGJí jrLawGqkdif;aeaom jcHtjyif
xGuffcJUonf/ ukuúdKyifajcw0kduf w*Rrf;*Rrf;jrnfatmif olrwHrsufpnf;vSnf;oHaMumifh iSufuav;wkdUapm
apmedK;oGm;NyD; yuspfyuspfESifh atmifMuonf/ bmvJ[JU apmapmxumr*Fvm&Sdw,f/ usef;rma&;aumif;
apw,f eifwkdUbmodvJ[k ndKwa,mufwnf; iSufuav;awGudk jyefí&efvkyfae\/
a0vDa0vif;tcsdefwGif oHvrf;ay:rS &xm;jzwfarmif;onfudk MunfU&if; olra&tdk;udk
vS,fae&mrS igawmUtwef;wifpmar;yGJNyD;vdkU a,mifaewm tckrStvkyf&w,f [kawG;um auseyfaeonf/
aejrifhvmonfESifhtrs blwmav;w0kduf a&mufvmolwkdU a&iwfajyaomufMuonfudkvnf; olrowd
jyKrd&if; auseyfrqkH;? txl;ojzihf olrwkdU\ Mum;blwmav;wGifqkdufaom taES;&xm;ay:rS qif;vm
onfU c&D;onfawG aeylxJrjzwfcif wa,mufwvSJU apmifhqkdif;í aomufae&onfudkyifjrifí a&rSKwf
wckawmU xyfvkyfOD;rSyJ[k awG;rdjyefonf/
tbarmiftm; tkef;yifwufckdif;NyD; tvkH;ao;ao;a&G;cl;ckdif;onf/ tkef;oD;wvkH;xJeJU usKyf
tyif&wuf&wm rumrdzl;[k nnf;&if;tcGHEGmtkef;oD;cGJpm;MuNyD;? tkef;rSKwfcGufjzifh a&rkwftopfxyfvkyf
&onfESifhyif aeapmif;NyD/ raeUutcsdef raeUuyk*¾dKvfxyfa&mufvmjyef\/ olr\ yxrqkH; tvSLcHyk*¾Kvf
rdkU ndKrSwfrdaeNyD; *&kwpkduf tem;odkUra,mifrvnfuyfoGm;rdonf/
ndKxufig;ESpf ajcmufESpfcefUBuD;rnf[kxif&aom xkdolrSm OD;xkyfpkyfESifh t0wfEGrf;rsm;aMumifh
vlBuD;wa,mufvkd omrefMunfUvQif awGU&rnfjzpfonf/ olum;vG,ftdwfpkwfwvkH;udk pvG,fodkif;vsuf
a&w0BuD;cyfaomufum om"kyg a':uRJr&,f[k ac:aejyef\/
&uftwefMumaomf waeUndKaomufa&jznfUaeckduf ola&mufvmonf/ aomufa&ppfwGif
trSKefrsm;uyfaeí? olraq;aMumoefUpifaeonfudk olapmifhaeí ndKtm;emum cPav;aemf..'DaeU
tvkyfawG&SKyfoGm;vkdU a&jznfUwmaemufusoGm;w,f[k pum;pajymrdonf/
olum;&ygw,f ajz;ajz;vkyf? tckrS aeylxJuvmawmU acR;odyfvkdufOD;r,f[k ajymum
ndKUtm;&yfMunfUaeonf/ tom;ndKpdrfUpdrfUESifh ESpfvkdzG,frsufESmydkif&Sifuav;\ usufoa&rSm olr&ifwGif;
uapwem"gwfcHaMumifh ykdíqGJaqmifrSK&Sdavovm;[k olawG;ae\/ ukuúdK&Gufrsm;avta0SUwGif wzGJzGJ
a<uvGifhvmonf/ tzkH;rygaom a&ykH;xJusrnfpkd;í ndKtvkyf&SKyfoGm;onfudk ol0iful&if; 'DrSm..a':uRJr
qkdwm 'Dtem;rSmaewmvm;[k ar;\/
ndK&,fcsifpdwfukd NrdKodyf&if; tif;aygU[komajzvkdufonf/
b,ftdrfuvJ[k olxyfar;índKu olrwkdUtdrfukdom ñGefjyvkdufonf/ jcHpnf;&kd;av;ao
oyfpGm umxm;onfU tkyf<uyfeDrkd;tdrfuav;udk olMunfU&if;
]aMomf...'g...&kHykdifBuD;tdrfyJ?} [ka&&Gwfaeonf/
]awm blwmqkdawmU &kHykdifuav;vkdUyJ ac:oifhw,f} [k ndKua0zefonf/
]blwmBuD;BuD;ao;ao;Asm....a':uRJrudk tm;emwJUtaeeJU &kHydkifBuD;vkdUyJac:r,f}
r,f}
ndKonf olaomufa&cyfaomufaepOf þodkUajymrd\/
]tJ'Da':uRJru olUudk a':uRJrvdkUac:&if rBudKufzL; odyfpdwfqdk;w,f? olUtvSLukd om"k
ac:wm?'geajrSmufatmif okH;aqmifwmawmU olu0rf;omw,f}
][m tJ'g .pdwfqkd;w,f rac:bl; ?uRJNrD;wkdw,fvkdUac:w,f/ a':uRJrqkdawmU uRJNrD;wkd
w,fqkd ykdobm0usw,f/ [m..vlBuD;udk aemufajymifrdNyD uefawmU uefawmUAsm}
xkdolonf ndKwkdUtdrfbuf rvkHrvJvSrf;MunfUNyD; xkdokdU jymjymovJ aemifw&ae\/
ndKum;&,fvsuf &ygw,f a':uRJru oabmaumif;ygw,f? 'gayr,fU uRJNrD;wkdw,fqkd
wm olUrl&if;ykHjyifu b,fvkdvJ od&ifajymjyyg[k awmif;qkkd\/ olu tif;...[kqkdum tdyfuyfxJvuf
edKufonf/ vufrvkH;cefU&SdNyD; wxGmrjynfUaom opfom;wvkH;xGufvm\/ olvSnfUícRwfaomf twGif;
rSaq;vdyfwwkd xyfxGufvmjyefonf/ tawmfuyfap;ESJwJU vlBuD;[k ndKBudwfí a0zef&if; NyKH;rdonf/ ol
uvG,ftdwfxJ vufedKufprf;jyef\/ twefMumrS "gwfqDokH; ykvif;rD;jcpfBuD; vufxJygvmonf/ *sdueJ
jcpfNyD; rD;nSdum 'Dvkd[k pum;ponf/
tbarmifonf &xm;vufrSwfa&mif;onfU &kHtwGif; ikdufjrnf;ae&mrS ukuúdKyifatmuf
vSrf;MunfUrdonf/ aomufa&ykH;udk vufwzufuqGJvQuf wzufua&ppfudk vSKyf,rf;vsuf ndKonf olra&SUrSm
OD;xkyfaysmU aqmif;aomvl\pum;0,fw&if;wESD; &,fyGJzGJUaeonfukd jrif&\/
]wcgu v,fulvDwa,mufu uRJESpfaumifeJUv,fxGefae&w,f}
v,fuEGm;eJUrxGefbl;vm;? bmvkdUuRJeJUxGefwmvJ}
]uRJu ykdNyD;EGm;xufxGeftm;aumif;w,fAsm..aeprf;ygOD;?usKyfpum;ysufw,f? tJ'gaeUvnf
xrif;ykdUcsdefausmfwJUtxd v,f&Sifxrif;vmrykdUzl;? olvJAkdufqmaeNyD/ bmrS pm;p&maomufp&mr&SdawmU
tcsdefvGefawmif a&mufrvmzl;qkdNyD; uRJtNrSD;jzwfNyD; rD;zkwfpm;vkdufwmaygU}
]tJ'Dvkdpm;NyD;rS v,f&Sifu xrif;xkyfeJU a&mufvmw,f/ olUv,fulvDudk ar;w,f Akduf
qmvkdU pdwfqkd;aeNyDvm;wJU? 'DawmU v,fulvDu at;at;aq;aq;yJajzw,f? pdwfrqdk;ygzl;? 'gayr,fU
uRJNrD;awmU enf;enf;wkdoGm;w,fwJU}
ndKraeedKifyJ yGifhvif;pGm&,fí &,fp&maumif;w,f[k rSwfcsufcsonf/
xkdolu NyHK;&kHNyHK;í usKyfwkdUab;u MunfU&ifawmU &,fcsifp&myJ um,uH&Sif v,fydkif&Sif
awmU b,favmufuRJNrD;wkdrvJqkdwm pOf;pm;omMunfU[k wkHUjyefonf/ olUpum;tqkH; ndKtdrf0if;xJjyef
&efpdwful;NyD;rS tdrfudk odrSmpkd;í a,mifawmifawmifvkyfae&onf/ xkdolum; pum;tp&vQif NyD;csifyHk
ray: tpudk qGJxkwfí csnfvkH;ukefatmifqGJcsifaeykHjzihf
]Oyrm...[kdrSm a':uRJrBuD;tdrfukdyJMunfU? ta0;ajy;um;vrf;ukd aemufausmcdkif;NyD;
aqmufxm;&w,f? olUtdrf0if; tdrfomNyD;&if ajruGufNyD;&if um;vrf;yJ?'g...um;ay:u MunfU&if
b,favmuftlaMumifaMumifedKifrvJ? 'gayr,fU a':uRJrBuD;&JU tdrf[m &xm;0efxrf;qkdawmU &xm;vrf;
udk rsufeSmrlxm;&wm obm0tusqkH; trSefqkH;ygyJ/
xkdokdUqkdNyD; udkif; usKyfoGm;OD;r,f[k qkdumxGufoGm;aom olUausmjyiftm;MunfU&if;? igwkdU
tdrfu um;vrf;zufuMunfU&if&,fp&maumif;owJU? BuD;us,fvkdU[k olrtoHwdwfajym&if; usefcJUonf/
bmrSvkyfp&mvnf;r&Sd zwfp&mpmtkyfvJuif;rJUjcif;avmuf a'gojzpfp&m avmavmqnf
olpOf;pm;r&/ q&mawmfU rSefbD&kdxJrS "r®usrf;xlBuD;rsm;,lMunfUNyD; wynfUawmf OmPfrrDygzl;bk&m;[k
ol0efcHcJUonf/ q&mawmfum; 'grqef;ygbl;? avmukwÅ&mukd avmuDaysmfwa,mufu pl;prf;zkdU 0efav;
aewwfwmobm0yJ/ rpifxJrSmavmuf[maysmfw,f/l a&Tyef;uefay:a&aq;NyD; wifay;&if; olaorSm
[krdefUonf/
]rSefygUbk&m;..wynfUawmfu avmuDrSm &SKyfaeawmU avmrukwfedKifao;yg}
]at;..uDrSm&SKyf&if; raeedKifavmufatmif ,m;,Hvm&ifawmU ukwfaygU}
odkUESifhyif olusrf;pmtkyfrsm;ukd vufajrSmuft&SKH;ay;NyD; tMuHopfxkwf&onf/ wu,fawmU
olUtaejzifh tjyifxGufzkdUroifhvS? vlol&Sif;í opfBuD;0g;BuD;wkdUjzifh tkyfrkd;xm;aom bkef;BuD;ausmif;0if;xJ
&SnfUwaumifvkd vkHjcHKpGmaeoifhrSef; odygvsuf wGif;atmif;&ufausmf ykZGefvkH;waumifvkd jyKwpfjyLwpfvkyf
aerdonf/
v,fuGufukd jzwfausmfa&mufedKifaom Mum;blwmuav;udk olpGJvrf;aeNyD/ txl;ojzifh
nae aejcnfapmif;csdef taemufaumif;uif yef;Ek&ifha&miforf;csdef tarmqkdUvmaom jrif;eufwaumif
vkd blwmxJ0ifvmaom pmykdU&xm;qkdufcsdef taMumftavSmf oGm;&nfpmESifh pmapmiftcsdKU vufayGUa&mif;ol
rsm; wa&;edK; vSKyf&Sm;csdefukd olwrufwarmMunfU&ef olzwfcsifonfU pmtkyfpmapmif&Sm0,f&ef a&mufcJU
onfrS tpjyKí a&csrf;piftvSL&Sif a':uRJrBuD;taMumif; ajymjywwfonfU ndKpdrfUpdrfUuav;ukdvJ rjrif
&vsif [mwmwmjzpfaewwf\/
olraeedKifonfU tqkH; a&mufvmjyef\/
onfwcgawmU a&tkd;pifab; ikwfwkwfxkdifí blwm&kHuav;\ naecif;udk ur®Xmef;&SK
ovkd &SKaerdonf/ Akdufqmwkdif; a&xaomufvkduf xkdifMunfUvdkufvkyfaepOf 'efUovGefoD;rsm;ayGUydkufvsuf
oleHab;avQmufvmaeaom olrukdjrif\/
ESpfOD;om;tm;yg;w& NyHK;eKwfqufMuonf/
]'DrSm...usKyfudk wckulnDrvm;}
olUtar;ukd qef;ppfraeyJ &ygw,f[komajz\/ naecif; aejcnfazsmUwGif 'efUovGefoD;]
rsm;ayGUí olUeHab;rSefrSefavQmufvmaom olrrSm olUrsufpdxJ MunfUaumif;vSonf[kom rzGJUEGJUpwrf;
0efcHcsifonf/
]'gawGb,f,loGm;rvdkUvJ tvkyf&Sdao;vm;}
'efUovGefoD;rsm;ar;aigUjyí olar;onf/ todawGtdrfvkdufa0rvkdUyg/ bmvkyfay;&rSm
vJ[k jyefar;\/
]'Dem;rSm pmtkyfiSm;qkdifr&Sdbl;vm;}
olUtar;aMumifh ndK pOf;pm;p&m&vmonf/ xkdolonf 'DteD;tyg;&Gmw&GmrS r[kwfbl;
vm;? 'D0ef;usiftaMumif; rodovkdar;aeí b,frSmaevkdUvJ[k olrjyefar;rdonf/ olajzcsifykHr&/ usKyf
uawmu vmwmyg [kom ra&r&majymonf/
]'gvJ..awmyJ ?awmblwmyJ}
][kwfygw,f? usKyfaewJUawmu 'DxufykdawmuswJUawmaygU}
olrqufrjiif;awmU pmtkyfiSm;wm [kdem;u tauGUrSm&Sdw,fav rodzl;vm;[k jyefar;
onf /aMomf...[k ola&&Gwfum usKyfrodzl;/ usKyfudkvnf;rodawmU olwdkUiSm;ygUrvm;rodzl; /tJ'g
Mum;u0ifNyD;iSm;ay;edKifrvm;rodzl; [k rodzl; okH;vkH;qufum oljyefar;\/
]ndKu ...tmrcHay;&rSm [kwfvm;}
oltemrnfudk xnfUajymvmí olowdxm;rdNyD; [kwfygw,f[k ajzonf/
ndKpOf;pm;aeonf /blwmw0kdfufwGif &xm;oHMum;í aps;onftcsdKUvSKyf&Sm;vmMu\/pm
ykdU&xm;rSm a[m[JjrnfoHjzihf ta0;rSvmaeNyD/
]b,frSmaevJqkdwmawmif rod&yJ ..ndKu..}
olrpum;rqufedKifyJ cufaeí oluyif [kwfygw,fav...usKyfudk ,kHNyD;pmtkyfzkd;avsmf
ay;&r,fU tjzpfudk vefUaerSmaygU/ 'gqkdvJ &SdygapawmUav ..usKyfrSmiSm;NyD; xGufrajy;ygbl;qkdwm yg;
pyftaeeJU b,fvkdrS oufaojyvkdUr&yJ}
olpdwfysufpGm x&yfonf/ ndKtm;emoem;pGmjzihf
]vmyg vkdufcJYyg/ 'Dwcg iSm;MunfUr,fav? ndKeJUawmU qkdifeJUodygw,f}
at;Asm..pdwfcsprf;yg...[k ol0rf;yrf;wom ajymíab;csif;,SOfavQmufvm\/
]wu,fAsm ?pmrzwfyJ ckESpf&ufavmufaeNyD; ajymwJUpum;[m bmt&omrS r&Sdzl;? usKyf
pmudk bdef;pm;bdef;pGJovkd pGJaewm ...odyfaus;Zl;wifw,f/ 'DrSm ..'efUovGefoD;jrifvkdU ajym&OD;r,f/
pma&;q&mwa,muf 'efUovGefoD;a&mif;wJU tjzpfzwfzl;vm;}
olUxkH;pHtwkdif; pum;csnfpqGJxkwf&oGm;í trQifrjywfajymawmUrnfudk ndKem;vnfvkduf
onf/ rzwfzl;ygbl; ajymjyygOD;[kom NyHK;íajz\/
]aomfwmaqG a&;zl;wmavAsm ..MumvSNyD/ olUjcHxJu xGufwJU'efUovGefoD;awGckvkdyJ
ayGUNyD; aps;rSmoGm;a&mif;zkdU tdrfuxGufvmw,f/ tJ'g....}
oltdyfuyfxJedKufí opfom;tacgif;xJrS aq;vdyfwkdudk xkwfjyefonf/ oltvkyf&SKyfaeckduf
olUab;rS avQmufvmaom ndKu 'DOD;xkyfaysmUtpkwfBuD;yJ q,fUeSpf&moD olaqmif;aewmyJ eKwfcrf;arG;
xlvyspfBuD;eJU tzdk;BuD;&kyfolzrf;xm;&wm tawmfauseyfaew,f xifw,f[k awG;aerd\/
]tJ'g..oltdrfab;u rdef;rwa,mufuawGUawmU ar;NyD;0,fa&mAsm..oluqkdygawmU
tJ..wusyfzdk; av;awmifhqkdawmU [kdrdef;ru udkaqG&,f tcsif;csif;awGyJ r&zl; ig;awmifhxm;qkdNyD; qpfw,f/
olvJtm;emNyD; ay;vkdufw,f/ wcg aemufwa,mufawGUjyefawmU tm;ay;OD;r,fqkdNyD; 0,f
r,fvkyf? aps;ar;awmU wusyfzkd;av;awmifhukd ig;awmifh&atmif [kdwa,mufuqpfoGm;wmyJ /uJ..
cifAsm;vnf; ig;awmifhyJ ,lqkdawmU 'kwd,trsdK;orD;u [m..b,f&rvJ usreJU&Sifu 'Davmuf&if;ESD;
wm ajcmufawmifhay;&r,fqkdNyD; tedKifusifha&m}
olUpum;aMumifh ndKrSm 'efUovGefoD;rsm;ayGUvm&if; NyHK;rdonf/ pmydkU&xm;olrwkdUeHab;rS
jzwfoGm;onftxd acwÅpum;wdwf avQmufvmNyD;rS olqufonf/
]'geJU wwd, wa,mufeJU vrf;xJwGif awGUjyefa&m ...0,fr,fqkdawmU ...}olpum;r
qufyJ oHvrf;udk jzwful;&ef ZvDzm;wkH;rsm;ukd ei;fausmfaeckduf
]tJ'D rdef;rBuD;u olusawmU r&zl; ckESpfawmifhay;udkay;&,fvkdU tedKifusifhhjyefa&mr[kwf
vm;}[k ndKuNyHK;vsuf ar;onf/
][m..rzwfzl;yJ w,foavmaygufvG,fygvm;}
olauseyfpGm ndKrsufESmtm; vSnfUMunfUonf/ oeyfcg;uykdu&kd yGwfxm;aom ndKUyg;jyif
wGif aejcnfEkkjzifh azG;um wifhw,fygbd..}
]uJ 'DvkdeJU aemufwa,mufawGUawmU &Spfawmifhay;&a&m qkdygawmU ...'geJU 'efUovGef
oD;awG ukefa&mvm;}
]at;avAsm ..'DavmufeJU b,fpmzGJUOD;rvJ ?nusawmU Zmwfvrf;uwpfuaejyefpw,f}
[k olpum;udkqufonf / oJEkEkcif;xm;aom awmvrf;uav;xJ olwkdUauGU0ifcsdK;vdkufMu\/
]uJ ...ckESpfawmifh&vkdufwJUolu &Spfawmifh r&vkdU rauseyf? ajcmufawmifheJU&vkdufwJU
olu ckeSpfawmifhray;vkdUqkdNyD; &efawGU? olUcrsm auseyfwJUeKef;eJU a&mif;cJUNyD;ygvsuf 0kdif;NyD;&efawGUcH&wm
yJaygU}
ndKtoH wkd;wkd;&,faepOfyif pmtkyfqkdifuav;udk tauGUrSm bGm;ueJawGUvkduf&\/ olaysmf
&TifpGm þodkUajymonf/
]a[m ...pmtkyfzwf&awmUr,f..aus;Zl;wifw,fAsm usKyfrSm t&uform;awGajymo
vkd aeapmif;&if azaomif;wkdU t&nfawmif;NyD qkdwmrsdK; pmzwfcsifwJU a0'emxvGef;vkdU...ckrSjynfUawmU
w,f/
olajcvSrf;usJBuD;rsm;jzihf OD;aqmifvkdufaomoltm; trSDvkduf&if; ndKu ...aeygOD; pm
tkyfiSm;awmU tmrcHay;&atmif ndKUudkemrnfajymxm;OD;av[k owday;\/
]at;Asm...azaomif;vkdUyJ rSwfxm;Asm [kom olajymonf/
______________________________________
vQyfppfrD;BudK;oG,fxm;ygvsuf npOfvkdvdk rSefrD;tdrfxGef;ae&onfrSm uarmufuredKifvS
aom jzpfpOfwck[k ndKawG;rdonf/ tzdkeJUtrBudK;ESpfacsmif;wGJygvsuf tvif;"gwfum;r&? rDwmykH;\jzpf
wnfrSKonf ydkif&Siftm; xdrf;odrf;apmifha&Smufcawmif;cH&efoufoufom/
tazu "gwfcJa&'D,kdjzihf w*DG;*DG;w*Grf;*Grf;avwkd;oHrsm; tMum; jynfyrS vTYifhaom vkdif;
udk BudK;pm;yr;fpm;zrf;aeonf/ ndKrSm rSefrD;tdrfatmuf Murf;ay:arSmufvsuf pmtkyfxJrS pmtcsdKUukd ul;
a&;wefa&; ausmfzwfwefzwfae\/
azaomif;[k olUtm;ac:apí 'Dpmtkyfzwfygvm;..[kd[mxufpm&if awmfao;w,f? pojzifh
tBuHay;&if; olpGufzuforQ ndKzwfavUr&SdonfU pmtkyftcsdKUzwfzl;vmonf/ okdUwkdifatmif