Digital content from: Irish Historic Towns Atlas (IHTA), no. 12, Belfast, Part I, to 1840 Authors: Raymond Gillespie and Stephen A. Royle Editors: Anngret Simms, H.B. Clarke, Raymond Gillespie Consultant editor: J.H. Andrews Cartographic editor: Sarah Gearty Editorial assistant: Angela Murphy Printed and published in 2003 by the Royal Irish Academy, 19 Dawson Street, Dublin 2 Maps prepared in association with the Ordnance Survey Ireland and the Ordnance Survey of Northern Ireland  

The contents of this digital edition of Irish Historic Towns Atlas no. 12, Belfast, Part I, to 1840, is registered under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License. Referencing the digital edition Please ensure that you acknowledge this resource, crediting this pdf following this example: Topographical information. In Raymond Gillespie and Stephen A. Royle, Irish Historic Towns Atlas, no. 12, Belfast, Part I, to 1840. Royal Irish Academy, Dublin, 2003 (www.ihta.ie, accessed 14 April 2016), text, pp 1–40. Acknowledgements (digital edition) Digitisation: Eneclann Ltd Digital editor: Anne Rosenbusch Original copyright: Royal Irish Academy Irish Historic Towns Atlas Digital Working Group: Sarah Gearty, Keith Lilley, Jennifer Moore, Rachel Murphy, Paul Walsh, Jacinta Prunty Digital Repository of Ireland: Rebecca Grant Royal Irish Academy IT Department: Wayne Aherne, Derek Cosgrave

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View from the south, 1789 (Lawson)

BELFAST In 1841 Belfast was, in population terms, the third largest town in

Ireland, exceeded only by Dublin and Cork. Within ten years it displaced Cork and at the end of the century briefly overtook even Dublin. These three places had many similarities. A l l were ports and all were situated at crossing sites on major rivers. Yet what separated them was more significant than what united them. In 1841 over half of Belfast's workers were employed in manufacturing, while in Dublin and Cork manufacturing's share of employees was about a third. In other ways, too, they diverged. Cork and Dublin were medieval settlements with strong monastic backgrounds, and had evolved slowly. Belfast, by contrast, was the product of landlord planning in the early seventeenth century. While Cork and Dublin were largely shaped by town councils, and only partly by a number of landlord interests, in Belfast one landlord family, the Chichesters (after 1647 earls of Donegall and later marquises), controlled the town's development exclusively. Belfast was, as many nineteenth-century commentators observed, a very untypical Irish town and had an untypical history.1

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At first sight Belfast seems an unpromising site for a town. It lies at the head of what, in the sixteenth century, was the poorly drained and densely wooded valley of the River Lagan (Fig. 1, Map 1). Most of the town is constructed on estuarine clays, or 'sleech', deposited after the last glaciation. As a result the town is low-lying, in places being less than 6 m above sea level. The seventeenth- and eighteenth-century town was even closer to sea level, the street level being about a metre below the present to judge from excavations.2 This meant that the town was subject to periodic flooding at exceptionally high tides as in 1796 and 1838 and the 1696 map marked areas along High Street liable to flooding.3 Behind these low-lying slob lands the ground rises onto the raised beach at Peter's Hil l and Shaftesbury Square. To the south-west of the town deposits of sand — the Malone Sands, deposits in a late glacial lake created as the ice retreated — and glacial clays create the Malone Ridge, which forms the main routeway to the south. Northwards the town is dominated by the basaltic Antrim plateau, rising to 478 m at Divis Mountain, which forms a prominent escarpment at Cave Hil l . To the south are the gentler lower Palaeozoic sub-greywackes of the Castlereagh Hills, rising to no more than 152 m. The valley itself is floored by soft Permo-Triassic sandstone and marl, which was important in the evolution of brickfields around the town. 4 The significance of the site was its position as the lowest fordable point across the River Lagan. Where two rivers, the Farset and the Owenvarra, better known as the River Blackstaff, rising in the mountains to the north of the town entered the Lagan, a sand bar was utilised to create a ford (Figs 1 and 2). Exactly where the ford was located is a matter of debate, even generating a legal dispute in the nineteenth century. Some commentators placed it north of where the Farset entered the Lagan, roughly as a continuation of what is now Waring Street.5 Another theory favoured the other side of the Farset near the Long Bridge, built to replace the ford in the 1680s, and yet others suggested a site further up river.6 The most likely position is a site close to the Long Bridge. The map of 1696 shows what seems to be a causeway described as 'Long Cross' just upstream from the Long Bridge (Map 6). Evidence of the construction of a causeway was seen here in the 1840s.7 This is almost certainly the site of the ford. Around this ford a network of roads developed (Fig. 2). The line of Ann Street may represent the main routeway away from the ford. Travellers to Carrickfergus presumably crossed the Farset somewhere near where Bridge Street is now and made for higher ground along North Street and Peter's Hil l where the road to Carrickfergus lay. Those travelling south probably followed the Farset along what is now Castle Street, until they turned south to cross the Blackstaff before continuing in that direction along the higher land of the Malone Ridge.

The ford was of significance in the middle ages not only as a crossing point but also because the tongue of land between the Farset and the

TO 1840 Blackstaff was eminently defensible. By 1226 a castle was built to protect the ford and by 1306 a chapel attached to the parish church at Shankill, which lay on the higher land above Peter's Hi l l , was established at the ford. By 1333 a small settlement, described as a borough in an inquisition post mortem, had grown up around the castle. Both were destroyed in the disorder following the murder of William de Burgh, earl of Ulster, in that year. In the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries the castle remained strategically important since it stood on the border of the O'Neill lordships of Upper and Lower Clandeboy and in 1568 a bridge was proposed to replace the ford. 8 As one observer noted in 1643, the position of Belfast was 'in the navel, as it were, and central point of two regions'.9 According to the annals the castle was repeatedly demolished and rebuilt, up to the 1550s.10

It probably resembled a sixteenth-century tower house since, according to an early eighteenth-century account of Belfast, it had been 'an old square castle with a court or bawne'. There may have been an associated settlement. A map of north-eastern Ireland c. 1580 shows a large schematic castle on the site of Belfast with a number of adjoining cabins and a map of c. 1601, attributed to Ralph Lane, also shows a number of cabins on the site. The eighteenth-century account refers to 'some few cottages or cabins' near the castle.11 Whether there were any other activities in this centre is unclear, although early nineteenth-century excavations in High Street revealed 'a good many silver coins, chiefly of Elizabeth'. These may have been a hoard or the result of losses at an informal trading site.1 2

The importance of Belfast as a strategic centre was underlined in the early 1570s when Sir Thomas Smith identified the site as 'a place meet for a corporate town' as part of his plantation scheme for the Ards. 1 3 The scheme made no progress but the property was subsumed into the earl of Essex's grant for a plantation in south Antrim. In 1574 Essex began to 'intrench a large town here at Belfast'. A brewhouse, storehouse and mill for a garrison were intended, although plans were scaled down considerably by 1575.14 The plan collapsed and by the 1580s the castle was back in the hands of the O'Neills. 1 5 It was the Nine Years' War that forced the Dublin administration to retake the castle. Sir John Chichester seized it in 1597 and subsequently placed it into the custody of the muster master-general, Ralph Lane. 1 6 In 1599 the possibility of building a town at Belfast was again mooted but came to nothing. 1 7 By 1603 the castle was said to be ruinous and in July of that year the governor of Carrickfergus, Sir Arthur Chichester, offered to rebuild it in return for a grant of the castle and the surrounding property.18 In August 1603 he obtained a king's letter for the governorship of Carrickfergus and the castle of Belfast, together with its lands, which it was claimed he already occupied. A patent was issued in November, but subsequently surrendered as a new grant was given in May 1604.1 9

Chichester thus became the landlord of what would become Belfast. Over the next six years Belfast developed as a planned town. There is

little doubt that this was Chichester's intention. The original king's letter for the property explained that its aim was 'that his [Chichester's] tenants in the said lands may be the better encouraged to plant and manure the same when they may have from him some certain estate therein'. 2 0 While the 1611 commissioners, who surveyed the works undertaken by settlers, mentioned the defensive importance of the site, Chichester had other plans.21 Unlike his other town at Carrickfergus, Chichester did not wall the new settlement at Belfast, which left it difficult to defend. Moreover he aligned his new town along the north bank of the River Farset, which now runs under High Street thus giving it its curving appearance (Maps 4 and 5). This moved the focus of the settlement to the mouth of the Farset, important as an anchorage for ships, rather than to the older fording point. The trading role of the town was emphasised by the early grants of markets and fairs. Confusion over property rights led to an adjoining landlord, Sir James Hamilton, receiving what may be regarded as a speculative grant of a market in Belfast in 1605. The 1608 grant of the fairs was made to Chichester's nephew, Arthur Basset, stressing the importance of family connections. By the 1620s the market and

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fair rights were transferred into Chichester's own hands and expansion of trade necessitated the formalising of market rules in 1639.22 By the 1690s the fair green was located to the west of the town (Map 6). A second function of the town was as an administrative centre for the Chichester estates in south Antrim. Sir Arthur Chichester dismantled the medieval castle and built a more impressive structure, described in 1635 as 'the glory and beauty of the town' . 2 3 He did not live there, preferring Carrickfergus when he was in Ulster. It was not until after his death that his brother took up residence in Belfast. The castle was as much a symbol of landlord power and a centre for estate administration as it was a residence. The third rationale for the town was profit. Establishing a large number of people on unproductive marginal land brought income to the landlord. By 1630 the town and manor of Belfast yielded the Chichesters £400 a year, more than Carrickfergus and most of the family's south Antrim manors 2 4

D i v i s c • , River Mountain ^ m ™ . s . Farset

(478m) Bog ™ R l v e r

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Black Mountain

Meadows Blackstaff Cave B e l f a s t Lough

Hill

Holywood Hills

Dundonald Gap

Castlereagh Hills

River Lagan Ballymacarret

I HTA 2003 Based on Evans, p.138

Fig. 1 Site of Belfast

The medieval structures existing on the site provided a framework for the new town. In 1611 the castle was dismantled to the cellars and rebuilt in brick. 2 5 The chapel of the ford, on the site of the present St George's Church, became in practice the parish church since that at Shankill had fallen into ruins. This new parish church was extensively rebuilt by 1622, although a good deal of the medieval fabric must have been reused since Richard Pococke described it in his 1752 visit to the town as being 'an old tower or castle to which they have built so as to make it a Greek cross'.2 6 Across the Farset from these two centres Chichester developed a town. That it was at least partly planned seems clear from the 1611 commissioners' comment that Belfast was 'plotted out in good form' . 2 7 That plan comprised two streets: High Street, which followed the Farset, and Waring Street to the north of it. A Phillips map of 1685 shows this area laid out in long burgage plots and according to seventeenth-century leases the holders of these plots were entitled to a share in the town fields of Belfast, which they were bound to enclose. In one grant of 1615 the share was as large as 9'A acres (Map 4) 2 8

The plan of the town was a rectangle since, according to Phillips's map, Waring Street terminated on a line with the market house at the end of High Street rather than carrying through to meet Hercules Lane. This rectangular plan, however, was imposed on an existing road network. Ann Street, for instance, is not parallel to High Street as Waring Street is and, according to Phillips's map, it was not laid out with house plots on the south side. This suggests that it was an older route way that pre-dated the plan and may be, as suggested above, the medieval path to the ford. Similarly North Street does not have the tidy set of burgage plots characteristic of High Street and Waring Street, and probably marked an earlier route way from the ford as did the line of Castle Street. The result was that early seventeenth-century Belfast emerged as a planned settlement with certain irregularities due to the alignment of older roads.

This attempt at planning reveals the limited control that was exercised over the settlement. While the town acquired a corporation in 1613, that body had virtually no powers. A l l the land of the town was in the hands of the Chichester family with the result that the corporation had no income and was unable to control urban development. Moreover, the corporation was a limited body. The town was administered by a sovereign and twelve burgesses. The first holders of the offices were nominated by Chichester and vacancies were filled with the consent of the Chichesters and the other burgesses. The corporation was, in effect, nominated by and under the control of the landlord. Freemen had little say in the running of the town and none in the election of the town's two members of parliament. The early corporation may not have met or, i f it did, operated in an informal way. A town hall is not mentioned before 1639, when it seems to have been opposite the gate to the castle, and the earliest contemporary entries in the Corporation Book date from the late 1630s, although some earlier resolutions were copied i n . 2 9

Landlord control over the evolution of Belfast was stronger than that of the corporation, but even it was limited by a shortage of capital since the Chichester family had little money to develop the town. As a result the family resorted to a technique frequently used in the seventeenth and

eighteenth centuries to develop Belfast — the building lease. Surviving seventeenth-century leases of this form usually required the tenant to build a house on the leasehold in addition to paying the rent and entry fine. The cost of house building was offset by a low rent and an extended term for the lease. Building leases from late seventeenth-century Belfast varied between two and four lives, although at least two freeholds were created for Thomas Theaker and John Vesey, which ensured that some property passed out of Chichester's control. 3 0 A problem with this mechanism for financing the development of the settlement was that unless the building conditions were carefully detailed, which in the seventeenth century they were not, the town could develop a rather ramshackle appearance. Since Belfast had no local building stone, early inhabitants resorted to timber. They may also have used what bricks remained from the building of the castle.31 The presence of large numbers of timber buildings made the town a fire risk. Malt kilns were found to increase this risk in 1638 and new kilns were banned. In the same year wooden chimneys were also banned because they, too, were a fire risk. These orders of the corporation were repeated in 1667.32

While the technique of the building lease, with its attendant difficulties, shifted the financial obligation for urban building from landlord to tenants the problem remained of how the tenants acquired the capital to fulfil the terms of their leases. In the early seventeenth century the wealth of Belfast families came from a number of sources. A few early members of the corporation, such as Moses Hil l or Humphrey Norton, held property outside the town and drew income from rents, but such individuals did not reside in Belfast for long, i f at all. Most of the town's money was made in trade. The early freemen's rolls are rather fragmentary but by the 1640s almost a quarter of those admitted to freedom were described as merchants. Many of these did not live in Belfast, but became freemen in order to acquire trading rights. 3 3 In terms of imports into the town the correspondence of one merchant, Christopher Lowther, suggests that cloth and salt were important and that the main export commodities were beef and timber.3 4 Certainly the freemen's rolls imply that there were a number of butchers in the town. The respective rights of butchers and corporation were a political flashpoint. The customs of cattle passing through the town were the largest source of revenue for the corporation in 1640.35 The importance of trading is reflected in the early development of a formal market place around the Corn Market area, close to the market house and castle, and another apparently informal one around Bridge Street nearer to the core of the planned town. It may well be that by 1639 enough trade had developed in Belfast to support permanent shops rather than simply periodic markets or fairs. The 1639 orders for the market stipulated that those orders were not to apply 'to the standings to be made about the walls of the Market Place', suggesting that these differed from the normal marketing structures and were probably permanent features.36

By the outbreak of rebellion in 1641 Belfast had grown significantly. When a rampart was built around the town in 1642, the inhabitants fearing insurgent attack, the area it enclosed (including the castle and its grounds) was eighty-six acres, making it larger than the area of Carrickfergus walled by Sir Arthur Chichester in the early seventeenth century though still smaller than the area of Downpatrick, the county town of Down (Fig. 3). Belfast saw little military action in the war of the 1640s, apart from a three-or four-day siege in 1649 when it surrendered to Colonel Robert Venables. The urban fabric was little affected and in 1666 the French traveller, Jorevin de Rocheford, could comment that the town had 'a very fine castle and two or three large straight streets as in a new town' . 3 7 I f the cess lists of the 1640s are, as seems likely, compiled on a street by street basis then the town was socially little differentiated with high cess payers living beside those who paid much less, a situation presumably reflected in building quality. 3 8

War did have some impact. The Chichesters lost control of their estate, including the town, between 1644 and 1656, depriving them of their rents. The church had been fortified but by the mid 1650s it was returned to its original use. There were two other long-term developments that had their roots in the 1640s. For most of that decade Belfast was garrisoned by a Scottish army under the control of Robert Munroe. This force introduced Presbyterianism as a form of church organisation into Belfast. The first congregation was formed there in 1642, although the first church was not built in Rosemary Street until 1672. This building had the effect of extending Rosemary Street westward to meet Hercules Lane. Even more important for the development of the town was an influx of new merchants in the 1650s following the end of the war. This reflected both the significant inflows of Scots into Ulster during the 1650s and the economic possibilities that existed in the aftermath of war. Some of the most important merchant families of late seventeenth-century Belfast arrived there from Scotland in the 1650s, including the Anderson, Biggar, Eccles, Macartney and Smith families.

The arrival of the new merchant families in Belfast was opportune, since in the years after 1660 the local economy began to shift away from trade in unprocessed beef to more value-added goods for the provision trade such as barrelled beef and butter. By the 1680s exports of beef and butter to continental Europe and, to a lesser extent, to the colonial world of North America and the West Indies dominated the trade of Belfast.39 Given the importance of butchery in the beef trade, the establishment of a new butchers' shambles in 1686 is unsurprising. Belfast merchants made further profits by discounting bills and carrying cargoes for others. This enhanced

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the significance of international trade and the importance of Belfast as a trading centre correspondingly increased. By 1693 the Williamite army chaplain, George Story, could describe Belfast as 'the greatest [town] for trade in the north of Ireland' and in 1702 William Sacheverell mistakenly, but plausibly, declared it was 'the second town in Ireland'. 4 0 The importance of the town was indicated by the removal of the custom house for the area from Carrickfergus to Belfast. A new custom house was built there by the 1670s which is marked on the map of 1696 (Map 6). Goods for export were obtained by extending the trading area of the town into the Lagan valley and by the late 1670s Belfast merchants were monopolising the butter trade there and were threatening the business of nearby towns such as Lisburn. 4 1 Across the Lagan the inhabitants of north Down could travel to the expanding town of Belfast only by the medieval ford and were keen to improve access to take advantage of its prosperity. By 1680 a bridge across the Lagan was proposed, being funded not only by grand jury presentments but also by voluntary contributions of £400 from the Co. Down gentry.42 The outcome was the Long Bridge of twenty-one arches, which is shown on one of Phillips's maps as being under construction and which survived until 1840 when it was replaced by the Queen's Bridge (Map 4).

The expansion of trade inevitably increased the size of the merchant community in Belfast. During the 1660s the number of merchants admitted as freemen was double what it had been in the 1650s and by the 1670s it had doubled again. More importantly the town acquired a significant resident merchant community generating considerable profits from trade.43 Much of that merchant capital was used to fund ongoing trading but some entrepreneurs looked for other outlets. The most obvious outlet was land. John Corry, for instance, purchased the manor of Coole in Co. Fermanagh, Thomas Knox bought a Dungannon estate from the earl of Donegall in 1692 and William Anderson acquired 1,547 acres of land in Counties Antrim, Down and Kildare as a result of the Williamite settlement in 1703. While many Belfast merchants held some land outside the town by 1700, these holdings were not extensive, mainly because the land market in late seventeenth-century Ulster was less fluid than previously. Mercantile profits were thus available to improve the town. One of the principal merchants of the town, George Macartney, provided half the cost of a water supply from the mill dam since the Farset had become too polluted for drinking. Macartney also presented the property on which the new market house stood by 1664. More importantly some of the profits of trade were diverted into setting up new economic ventures in the town. In the early part of the seventeenth century Belfast had little by way of manufacturing or industrial

activity. Ships had been built in the town from at least the 1630s, which is not surprising given the importance of overseas trade in the urban economy. The late seventeenth century saw a considerable advance in manufacturing activity led by a number of the Belfast merchants. George Macartney, for instance, developed the potential of the Farset for milling. While there had been a manorial mill at Millfield and another on the Falls in the early seventeenth century these were confined to grinding the corn of the manor's tenants. By 1686 Macartney had acquired the manorial mill and had expended £300 in repairing it, building a new corn mill and tuck mill as well as a new brick house in the area.44

In more strictly industrial categories mercantile capital also funded new developments. Leather manufacturing became commoner as hides became more readily available with the rise in the export of barrelled beef, and the tree bark necessary for tanning the hides was a by-product of charcoal-making necessary for iron smelting at the ironworks close to Belfast. By 1670 William Waring, the son of a tanner and merchant who came to Belfast in the 1640s, had established a tannery on the south side of Broad (or Waring) Street. This may be the building with associated outbuildings on Phillips's pictorial map of 1685 opposite the large freestanding house on the north side of Waring Street (Map 4). In addition the rise of the West India trade brought unrefined sugar into Belfast. George Macartney established a sugar house on the south side of Broad Street some time before its first mention in his wil l of 1683, in which he referred to a recent addition or enlargement of the sugar house. The third significant industrial activity that emerged in the late seventeenth century was commercial delft-making. The growth in affluence of the late seventeenth-century townspeople supported a number of luxury crafts. The freemen's rolls include several goldsmiths, a watchmaker, a clockmaker and a confectioner, and clearly a market existed for manufactures such as commercially produced pottery, much of which had to be imported from England, France and Holland. By 1698 a pottery had been established to the north of Waring Street, apparently with the support of Robert Leathes, a wealthy Belfast merchant, and by 1700 it was owned by a consortium of four Belfast merchants. A l l these industrial developments were clustered together, marking out an industrial district in Belfast at the eastern end of Waring Street and along the undeveloped banks of the Lagan to the north, presumably because the prevailing wind would carry out to sea the smells of tanning and the smoke of firing pottery. Industrial activity also had the effect of stimulating other developments in this part of the town. George Macartney's interest in the sugar house resulted in him building a new brick house in this area by 1678. The large free-

Fig. 2 Late medieval Belfast

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standing building shown between High Street and Waring Street on the Phillips pictorial map of 1685 may represent this development (Map 4). William Waring's lease of the tannery required him to build nouses and plant trees there, which became known as The Plantation in the eighteenth century.45 Further development was proposed in 1685 when it was suggested that a military fort costing £42,054 should be built on the Strand.46 The plan was marked on some versions of the Phillips maps of 1685 (Map 5) but no development ever took place. Instead a barracks was built to the south-west of the town before moving to Barrack Street by 1715 (Maps 6 and 7).

The economic development of late seventeenth-century Belfast inevitably led to a growth in the urban population and an expansion in the number of houses. By 1693 George Story described it as 'a very large town' and a few years later William Sacheverell recorded it as 'well built, full of people and of great trade'. 4 7 By 1707 the original Presbyterian church in Rosemary Street was too small for its congregation and a second church had to be built adjoining the original building. The hearth money roll of 1668 listed 530 buildings in Belfast and by 1725 Arthur Dobbs, also on the basis of hearth money data, claimed that this total had almost quadrupled. Despite this the urban area remained largely within that delineated by the ramparts of 1642. A few new streets, such as M i l l Street, were laid out towards the end of the seventeenth century, but this was an exception and this western part of the town remained undeveloped until the later eighteenth century. The growth of Belfast was contained by making more intensive use of the property already leased in the early seventeenth century. The burgage shares, which seem to have been limited to the area of the planned settlement, were large, as the Donegall rental of 1719 reveals. One way of developing these grants was to sub-let them to a number of householders as half shares in burgages. A second way of making more intensive use of these shares was to lay out lanes at right angles to the main street frontages. Early eighteenth-century deeds refer to houses being built behind the main street frontages with lanes growing up to give access to these.48 Maclanachan's map of 1715 shows this technique being deployed between the north end of High Street and the southern part of Rosemary Street. The names of these new streets, Biggar's Lane and Clugston's Lane, are those of prominent Belfast merchants, Alexander Biggar and John Clugston, which suggests that they were the developers (Map 7). As Ann Street developed, further lanes would be added between it and High Street. Pottinger's Lane, shown on Maclanachan's map, is also named after a Belfast merchant indicating the same process at work. Richard Pococke, visiting the town in 1752, described it as consisting of 'one long broad street and of several lanes in which the inferior people l ive ' . 4 9 In other Ulster towns the poor lived in suburban straggles but in Belfast they were accommodated within the town itself. As late as 1813 one traveller commented that, unlike other towns, Belfast had no suburbs of cabins for the poor. 5 0 This is also indicated by the representation of houses on Maclanachan's map. While the houses in High Street and Waring Street are depicted as having two storeys, those in the lanes between High Street and Rosemary Street are shown as one-storey, cabin-like structures without chimneys. A variant on this process is displayed on the Phillips pictorial map of 1685 which shows a terrace of houses constructed in the middle of the wide part of Castle Street, towards the M i l l Gate (Map 4). Each of these houses is depicted differently which suggests private enterprise rather than formal planning. The effect was to narrow the wide space, creating Castle Place and, on the north side of the development, to encourage the laying out of Long Lane.

A further possibility for growth within the limits of the late seventeenth-century town was the use of previously unavailable land. On the north side of the River Farset the process of land reclamation was well under way by the 1690s. In 1692 the area to the north of the quay and east of Waring Street had been reclaimed using wooden fencing and 'good brick houses' had been constructed here to form what would become Quay Lane. 5 1 By 1757 there had been further reclamation, with a salt works being established there, and by 1791 the Ballast Office and Store Lane had been constructed on reclaimed land (Map 9) . 5 2 On the south side of the River Farset by 1711 the Belfast merchant, Isaac Macartney, leased unreclaimed land between the church and the Lagan. 3 3 On this he laid out a new residential development, Brunswick Square, marked on Maclanachan's map (Map 7) but not then fully built, work still being under way in 1718-21. 5 4 The technique that Macartney used to develop the area was the building lease, pioneered in the town by the Donegalls. The leaseholders were required to build houses of stone or brick with slate roofs in the development, in return for which they were granted a rent-free period. 5 5 The venture was clearly profitable as by the mid 1720s Macartney was clearing £400 a year from his Belfast property, including this development. In addition he built two quays in the area, Hanover Quay and Custom House Quay (Donegall Quay). In 1720 he persuaded the commissioners for revenue to rebuild the custom house at this dock to encourage its use. By 1721 he was charging merchants 2d a ton for goods unloaded in the dock. 5 6

Private developments, such as that of Macartney, were rare in late seventeenth-century Belfast. Most development was controlled by the Donegall family. Building leases for three or four lives continued to be made for undeveloped areas such as Castle Street.57 Most of these leases say little about the urban fabric, which continued to be mixed. The Phillips pictorial map of 1685 (Map 4) provides a little detail on building types, the houses depicted being highly schematised except around the castle area where the larger buildings are clustered. By the end of the seventeenth century some of the larger merchants had built brick houses in High Street and Castle

Street, which presumably had slate roofs. 5 8 There were still a large number of timber structures. The Chichester minority accounts record the thatching of two houses in 1714 and thatched houses existed in Church Lane in 1717. In 1686 the corporation required that the inhabitants of Belfast provide 'cupple poles' to pull down thatch or timber burning buildings and prevent the spread of fire. 5 9 Given the landlord's power and the limited role of the corporation, that body could do little to improve the urban world, although some attempts were made to enhance the infrastructure. Market juries regulated the working of the market. The corporation legislated, with the consent of the Donegalls, for householders to supply lights in the street, to prevent butchers from polluting the town with blood and offal, to stop timber and barrels being left in the streets and to prevent abuses in inns. Householders were enjoined to build up the banks of the Farset and were permitted to construct bridges across the river in order to make the two sides of the High Street more accessible.60 Despite its shortcomings Belfast at the end of the seventeenth century had a prosperous air. It was little affected by the wars of 1689-90 and Thomas Molyneux in 1708 described it as 'a very handsome, thriving, well peopled town with a great many new houses and shops in i t ' . 6 1

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For the Donegall family Belfast proved to be a good investment. The annual rental income of the town and manor of Belfast rose from £400 in 1630 to £2,175 14s 2d in 1706 and by 1715 it stood at £2,335 10s 6d. 6 2 In return the Donegalls provided the settlement with an infrastructure. They were responsible for laying out the town and for building the church and castle. In 1666 they built the schoolhouse. They may also have been responsible for the attempts to drain the lands to the south of the town with the 'new cut', the 'sea bank' and 'improvements made out upon the strand' marked on the Phillips pictorial map of 1685 (Map 4). The first earl of Donegall also attempted to improve the port facilities by endowing the corporation with his office of water bailiff so that it could have an income to maintain the quay.63 He may have rebuilt part of the castle, since the building shown on Phillips's map is rather more impressive than that described by the 1611 commissioners. From the 1630s the Donegalls' residency made Belfast a local social centre. The Presbyterian minister, Patrick Adair, described the town in the 1640s as 'the place where the country gentlemen and their officers then most haunted'.6 4 Given the dominance in the town of the Donegalls, the fate of the family was important to Belfast. Those fortunes began to decline in the late seventeenth century and into the early eighteenth century there remained debts, legacies and annuities which had been unpaid since 1675.65

Aside from these problems, three developments made matters worse for Belfast in the early eighteenth century. The first was the death of the third earl in 1706 while serving with Marlborough's army in Spain, leaving his son as a minor. The second was a major rift between the town and the Donegall family, ostensibly over the enforcement of the Sacramental Test introduced in 1704 but in practice about securing the control of the town in the hands of the family. Presbyterian sympathisers, who formed the majority of the population of Belfast, were removed from the corporation. The corporation made one final attempt to hold onto its power in 1709 when it promoted a parliamentary bill challenging the rights of the Donegalls to levy tolls in the port of Belfast, but following opposition they withdrew the b i l l . 6 6

Lady Donegall had reasserted her power over the corporation. The town had so few substantial members of the Church of Ireland that the corporation degenerated into a group of mediocre burgesses who had little authority.67 It was certainly not a body that could resolve the problems of a rapidly growing town, as Belfast would become in the late eighteenth century. The third development that affected Belfast was the destruction of the castle by fire on 24 April 1708, which killed three sisters and one servant of the fourth earl of Donegall. As a result the family left the town and did not become resident there again until the early nineteenth century, the site of the castle remaining undeveloped.

By the beginning of the eighteenth century Belfast lacked any guiding hand. The corporation had been rendered ineffective and the landlord, a minor, was also an absentee. The first two decades of the eighteenth century were marked by a slowdown in Irish economic performance that seriously affected Belfast merchants. A number of businesses collapsed in the 1720s, most significantly the pottery established by Isaac Macartney two decades earlier. Given their contacts with North America, Belfast merchants could benefit from the rising trade in emigrants who left Ulster in the early eighteenth century. Between 1750 and 1775 over a third of emigrant ships leaving Ulster did so from Belfast, a situation that probably prevailed earlier in the century.68 One of the leading sectors of the economic recovery in Ulster in the 1730s was the linen trade but Belfast, given its depressed state, was not well placed to take advantage of this. Newry, better positioned to act as port for the main south Ulster linen producing areas, proved to be more important. Belfast did make some inroads in the trade. A yarn market was established by 1729. The Donegall family, probably wishing to boost flagging rentals, provided £1,500 towards building the first Linen Hall in Cooney's Court. By 1746 it was said that the linen trade of the town was 'greatly increased', although as late as 1784 the average weekly sales of brown linen at Belfast were half those of Lisburn or Lurgan and equal to those of Ballymena, Newry or Deny. 6 9 Apart from marketing, few Belfast merchants saw themselves as providers of capital for the trade, but by the 1750s some had involved themselves and Pococke noted that they were

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'buying the yarn and giving it to be wove'. 7 0 By 1771 there were 300 looms in Belfast as linen weaving moved from the surrounding countryside into the town, relying on merchants to put out work to them. 7 1 Most general merchants in Belfast, however, did not involve themselves in manufactures and the Ulster linen trade looked to Dublin for capital and marketing infrastructure.

It was not merely economic difficulties that assailed Belfast in the early eighteenth century. The cutting of the summit-level canal between Newry and Lough Neagh in 1731^-2 and the completion of the first ship canal below that town between 1759 and 1769 saw the rise of Newry as a port that could threaten the dominance of Belfast. Indeed the possibility of the establishment of a Linen Hall at Newry was one of the factors leading to the opening of the White Linen Hall at Belfast in 1784. This rivalry also prompted the development of a canal connecting Belfast and Lough Neagh. The Canal Act was passed in 1753 and work began in 1756. By 1765 it had reached a point south-west of Lisburn. Work ceased for want of funds and was not resumed until 1779. Much of the rest of the scheme was funded by the first marquis of Donegall, the canal being completed by 1793.72 By 1816 the inhabitants of Belfast were pressing for the extension of the canal route by linking Lough Neagh and Lough Erne to permit goods to be brought from the west of Ulster to Belfast.73

Such economic problems had an impact on the form and fabric of the town. The property on which the ruins of the castle stood remained undeveloped until the late eighteenth century. Isaac Macartney's development, planned on land reclaimed between the church and the river by 1715, was shown as incomplete on the 1757 map (Maps 7, 8). In 1738 one author admitted that, apart from the market house, 'the other public buildings are not very magnificent'.7 4 The causes of this were not solely economic. In 1716, after a long minority, the absentee fourth earl of Donegall succeeded to the title and the estates. In 1718, as part of a post­nuptial settlement, the estate was placed under trustees. Under the deed of trust, leases of just forty-one years were permitted and surviving leases suggest that this was adhered to in Belfast.75 Leases of this length did not encourage investment by urban tenants. To make matters worse the trustees argued among themselves over estate policy. In 1752 Richard Pococke commented that 'the town [Belfast] are [sic] very uneasy that they cannot get new leases to build, all of them near expiring . . . . This lord [Donegall] is as in a state of infancy and in the hands of relations who agree to divide all between them'. 7 6 The earl of Masserene was more forceful, claiming that ' I live in the neighbourhood of Belfast and know it to be in a ruinous condition and wil l lose both its trade and inhabitants i f it is not speedily supported by

proper tenures'.77 In the event the number of houses in the town declined. In 1752 the trustees, despite opposition from the guardians of the fourth earl's heirs, obtained a private act of parliament allowing them to grant leases of ninety-nine years or three lives. In 1754-6 the process of negotiating these leases began, although such leases as do survive from this leasing are for only forty-one years.78 A l l contain building or repairing clauses. The effect on the fabric of Belfast was dramatic. According to a note on the 1757 map, which may be partly aspirational, the central parts of the town were 'handsome, several storeys high' and built of brick, although some of the areas at the edge of the town from The Plantation to Peter's Hi l l and along M i l l Street were still 'only low thatched dwellings of a mean appearance' (Map 8). The inhabitants of Belfast appeared to have been encouraged to invest money in their town by the modest economic revival of the 1750s, indicated by the opening of Belfast's first bank in 1752, but the food crises of 1756 served to curb the economic expansion.

The attempted re-leasing of the town in 1754-6 did not confine itself to replacing existing leases. It also attempted to alter the townscape. New streets, including Berry Street, were laid out. The motive was undoubtedly profit. One correspondent explained the alternatives for land being used: ' i f the trustees set [the] remainder for grazing it is worth 40 shillings an acre, but i f for building it is worth much more'. 7 9 The most important new street was Donegall Street. This was intended to open up a previously undeveloped area between Waring Street and the road to Carrickfergus. A Brown Linen Hall was to be built to provide an economic focus for this area.

The re-leasing of the mid 1750s ceased with the death of the fourth earl of Donegall in 1757 and the estate passed to his nephew, the fifth earl (and later first marquis) of Donegall. He did not visit Belfast until 1765 but after that visit new leases were again set for most of the town, the most extensive re-leasing to date (Map 14). The leases were all for three lives or ninety-nine years, whichever was the longer, and all carried significant rent increases, up to 50 per cent in some cases. As a result Donegall's income rose. About 1700 the rent of the town and manor of Belfast stood at £2,000 a year, while by 1776 the town itself fetched that. 8 0

The 1765 leases comprised four main types.81 The first was a simple renewal that stipulated that the property was to be kept in good repair. The second was a repairing lease, which required tenants to repair their existing property, and the third was a building lease under which tenants had to demolish existing buildings and build new ones. These leases showed considerable attention to detail, stipulating that houses should be built of brick with slated roofs. Sash windows were required and the dimensions of houses were set out. Even the dimensions of the timbers to be used in roof

Coastline or river certain/uncertain

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Fig. 3 Belfast, c. 1680

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construction were stipulated. Provisions were made restricting the dumping of rubbish on the property or in front of it. The social topography of the town was also regulated. Houses in Castle Place should be twenty-eight feet high, those in High Street twenty-five feet. Ann Street was to have houses eighteen feet high and the cabins on Peter's Hi l l were to be ten feet high. 8 2

The final type of lease was of new ground, previously unbuilt. Donegall Street, according to the map of 1757, remained unfinished and new leases, containing stringent building conditions, were made of this area (Map 8). Roger Mullholland, the most prominent eighteenth-century Belfast builder, received leases in Donegall Street in 1767 and 1787 that he developed, con­structing Talbot Street, Church Street and Academy Street in the process.83

The distribution of the various types of lease was uneven across the town. Along the east-west axis of High Street, Waring Street and Ann Street about half the leases demanded rebuilding, while in the more recently developed north-south axis of Donegall Street, Bridge Street and North Street only a fifth were building leases. The failure of Isaac Macartney's project in Brunswick Square led to two-thirds of the leases in this area being building leases. The impact of the building lease was greatest in the suburbs of Millfield, Barrack Street and in the area north of Waring Street, where almost two-thirds of the leases called for rebuilding of the property.84 The scale and relative speed of this re-leasing allowed a blueprint to be co­ordinated, a fact not missed by contemporary observers. Richard Twiss, travelling through Ireland in 1775, commented of Belfast that 'the town is regularly built and the streets are broad and straight'.8 5 Arthur Young in 1776 similarly commented that Belfast was 'a very well built town of brick', almost certainly from local brickyards.8 6 One American visitor went as far as to record that Belfast was 'a large, populous and beautiful town' . 8 7 The physical fabric of the town had been dramatically transformed.

The fifth earl of Donegall never lived in Belfast but he remained a driving force in its late eighteenth-century development. He was responsible for a number of important public buildings including St Ann's Church, built in 1774-6 on the site of the old Brown Linen Hall in Donegall Street. This replaced the church on High Street, which was downgraded to a chapel of ease, but rebuilt in 1816. He presented the site for the poor house, opened in 1774, and the site for the new White Linen Hall in Donegall Place. His activities in developing the north-eastern part of the town as a fashionable new centre indicate that the town's main axis was already moving from the east-west line of High Street to a north-south axis along Donegall Street. This also seems clear from the positioning in 1769 of the Exchange, or new market house, at the junction of North Street, Waring Street and Donegall Street and in 1776 the addition of a second storey comprising the fashionable assembly rooms, funded by Donegall. That general movement was confirmed, i f slightly modified, by another of Donegall's ventures. In 1785 he granted land for a new White Linen Hall, which was built by private subscriptions of £17,550. At the same time he laid out Donegall Place connecting the Linen Hall with the west end of High Street. The building form was strictly regulated, especially since this was planned as a high status residential area. It was intended that the entrance at the High Street end would be ornamental and that a canal would be built around the Linen Hall which would be 'eminently useful and ornamental to the thriving town of Belfast', but most of these works were never executed.88 Charles Abbot, visiting the town in 1792, described the houses in this area in approving terms, noting that they were built 'of good red brick on a modern London plan' and one house 'is equal to many in Grosv[eno]r Square'.89 One further piece of urban planning, though on a much smaller scale, was the laying out of Smithfield as a market in 1788 to f i l l up the previously undeveloped area between Millfield and Hercules Lane. This had the effect of tying Hercules Lane more into the built-up area and its alignment with Donegall Place formed a new axis that was to be developed later as Royal Avenue.

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These improvement schemes were of considerable importance in reshaping Belfast, especially in developing new fashionable residential areas. Equally powerful changes were at work in the urban economic structure that transformed the town in more radical ways. As the Irish economy expanded from the 1740s, Belfast's trade began to recover. By the 1750s the merchant families of the seventeenth century had disappeared, either because the families had died out or because they had moved to landed estates outside the town. A new group of mercantile families emerged, including the Greggs and the Cunninghams, both of which had powerful North American contacts.90 The volume of shipping passing through the port rose dramatically. This expansion in overseas trade necessitated a considerable reshaping of the port. In the later seventeenth century the port infrastructure was little more than a quay on the north side of the east end of High Street. There was a custom house with associated offices at the east end of High Street which was some distance from the quay owing to its late construction in an already built up area (Map 6). There seem to have been few warehouses: the only candidates for such buildings on the 1685 pictorial map are the large three-gabled chimney-less building shown on the quay and the chimney-less buildings at the end of Waring Street (Map 4). The earliest documented occurrence of a merchants' warehouse is in 1719, positioned beside the Strand, and in the 1730s further warehouses are positioned in North Street, some way from the quay.91 Entry to the port was hazardous since the Lagan was tidal and no proper channel existed to the deep water area — the Pool of Garmoyle in Belfast Lough. Only ships of two to four feet draught could be accommodated at the Belfast

Quay and the Phillips pictorial map of 1685 shows most ships anchored in the Lagan itself, their loads presumably transported to the quay by gabbard or other small craft (Map 4). Land reclamation in this area in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries allowed the quay to be lengthened into the river proper, which made access easier. To the south of the Farset, Isaac Macartney's development of the Brunswick Square area incorporated new port facilities including a custom house although a dock had been established there by 1696 (Map 6). Land reclamation to the north of the river, however, meant that more modern docks could be constructed in this area. By the 1760s Lime Kiln Dock had been developed which would later be used for the Hutchinson and McGlynn shipyard. To the south of this by 1769 the Belfast merchant, Thomas Gregg, had developed a new quay on land leased from the earl of Donegall. 9 2 As the growth of shipping using the port accelerated in the 1780s a Ballast Board, independent of the corporation and composed of merchants, was established by the Irish parliament in 1785 to improve the port by taking responsibility for scouring the channel, maintaining the dock, setting buoys and providing pilots. 9 3 It built its office on reclaimed land in the developing port area between Lime Kiln Dock and Chichester Quay. By the early 1790s Belfast was reckoned to be the third port in Ireland after Dublin and Cork.

Expansion in trade promoted specialisation within the merchant community and in many businesses the wholesale and retail elements were separated. The emergence of banking and the discount house in Belfast is a good example of this as discounting bills, previously undertaken by merchants, became a specialist activity. Such specialisms required increased technical knowledge. The passage of the Anonymous Partnerships Act in 1782 introduced limited liability into Irish companies and encouraged the relatively risk-free formation of partnerships between those with technical knowledge and those with surplus capital, who were often 'sleeping partners' in the venture. In Belfast those with capital tended to be found not as general merchants but in the new specialised branches of trade where they appreciated the value of technical knowledge.9 4

The sector that prospered most dramatically was the cotton industry. The earliest evidence of cotton manufacture comes from the poor house where, in 1777, cotton spinning was introduced as a way of providing employment. Already in 1779 cotton manufacture had expanded sufficiently to raise funds for the institution. By 1784 the venture proved so successful that its promoters, Robert Joy and Thomas McCabe, moved the business to the old sugar house in Rosemary Street.95 The Belfast cotton industry expanded rapidly. There were 322 cotton looms in the town in 1791 and the number of weavers had doubled since 1782.9 6 Reasons for this rapid expansion included the high wages paid and less strenuous work in the cotton trade, while the fact that cotton required little bleaching encouraged small manufacturers to enter the trade. By 1806 there were 629 cotton looms, but only four linen looms. At least some of this early weaving was carried on in domestic houses, but increasingly mechanised spinning demanded a factory system, although cheap labour in the weaving sector of the trade retarded mechanisation. Apart from the early mil l at Whitehouse belonging to Nicholas Grimshaw, one of the promoters of the cotton enterprise at the poor house, most factories grew up on the north-western side of the town, especially around Smithfield. There they could take advantage of the water power provided by the rivers, especially the Farset, coming off the Antrim plateau, although by the 1820s steam was the normal power source. Cotton was the most spectacular example of Belfast's industrial growth in the late eighteenth century but William Seaward in 1795 could add 'cambric, sail­cloth, linen, glass, sugar and earthenware' to the list of Belfast's industries.97

In retrospect shipbuilding, engineering and shoemaking based on the tanneries could also be included. Some of these, such as sugar, were well-established manufactures but others, such as glass and pottery, were new or renewed developments. The late eighteenth century, and in particular the 1780s, proved to be very fruitful decades for Belfast's growth.

Economic prosperity attracted migrants into the town and between 1782 and 1802 Belfast's recorded population rose from 13,105 to 19,001. By 1791 its population was about one-tenth that of Dublin, a quarter of that of Cork and about the same as that of Drogheda and Waterford. The urban housing stock expanded rapidly to meet this demand. One traveller in 1791 noted of Belfast: 'the town is, of course, opulent. I remarked upwards of three hundred new houses erecting there. Rents are very high notwithstanding and the houses are in the greatest demand'.9 8 In fact the housing stock almost doubled between 1782 and 1806. Most of this development was undertaken in the north-west of the town, which was previously little developed apart from the laying out of Smithfield in 1788, by individuals holding building leases from the earl of Donegall. In 1788 Hugh Dunlop received a lease of a large property in the Hercules Lane-Mill Street area on which he built dwellings intended for artisans. The leases he made of these properties between 1791 and 1797 were to labourers, carpenters, a gluemaker and a publican. 9 9 Likewise John Brown received a lease in the North Street-Peter's Hil l area in 1776 and by the 1780s he was advertising houses to let. These were aimed at new industrial workers since some were built with facilities for looms. 1 0 0

Such economic and physical growth inevitably caused difficulties. Between the 1780s and 1811 the population of the town doubled (Map 12). Yet there were no mechanisms to deal with the social problems which that expansion generated. The landlord was an absentee and the corporation had been effectively shorn of its powers in the early eighteenth century. In effect it only regulated the markets and returned members to parliament. The

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vestry attempted some fire-prevention measures but it did not have the resources to enforce these. Legislation was tried as a way of dealing with these shortcomings and the most significant outcome of this was the Paving Act of 1800, which provided for the cleaning and lighting of Belfast streets, attempts to do this on a voluntary basis having failed. 1 0 1 The Paving Act also resulted in houses being numbered for the first time and street name-plaques being erected. 1 0 2 More significantly the act also provided for the establishment of the first police force in Belfast. 1 0 3

Legislation, however, was little used to manage social problems. Such issues were usually dealt with by voluntary action, given that there was no resident landlord to lead. A case in point was the management of the poor. There had been a problem of urban poverty since the seventeenth century because the corporation had no income to provide a poor relief scheme. Attempts were made to gather available resources into one fund but these proved ineffective.1 0 4 In 1752 the Belfast Charitable Society was founded to raise money by a lottery for the building of a poor house and church. The lottery had a rather troubled history and minds were certainly refocused on the issue by the 1756 grain riots in the town. By 1763 enough had been raised to construct a poor house and the need for a church had been made redundant by the construction of St Ann's by Lord Donegall. In 1768 Donegall promised a site to the Charitable Society at the top of the newly laid out Donegall Street. On this site the poor house (now known as Clifton House) was opened in 1774 and subsequently extended in 1821 and 1825. The Charitable Society quickly became a body which, in the absence of other mechanisms, took upon itself the regulation of many aspects of Belfast life. By the end of the eighteenth century it dealt not only with the poor but also with the water supply and managed the New Burial Ground, opened when the churchyard became too f u l l . 1 0 5

The emergence of the Charitable Society is an example of the importance of voluntary associations in late eighteenth-century Belfast. The non-residence of the landlord, the ineffectiveness of the corporation and the absenteeism of most of the other major landlords around the town gave rise to a society in which voluntary associations were important. As late as 1823 one commentator noted that 'the men of Belfast ... are, however, very attentive to the public institutions of their town and are said to be very liberal in making provision for them'. 1 0 6 A wide range of associations developed. Freemasonry, for instance, first appeared in 1748, and six lodges were known in the late eighteenth century, although that number grew enormously in the early nineteenth century.1 0 7 In more commercial areas, too, voluntary associations grew. The Chamber of Commerce, for instance, was established in 1783, imitating those of Dublin and Glasgow, and from this grew the Ballast Board to improve the docks. This tradition of voluntary associations spread into the world of politics. The American war of 1776 led to concern in Belfast. Many of those living in the town had American connections, given the emigration there over the previous fifty years. Moreover war affected trade and Belfast was felt to be vulnerable to attack. In 1760 the town had been threatened when Carrickfergus had been taken by Thurot and in 1778 the American revolutionary, John Paul Jones, destroyed a British warship in Belfast Lough. 1 0 8 In the spring of 1778, when the government claimed that it could not afford the costs of summoning a militia, the inhabitants of Belfast formed the first Belfast company of Volunteers. As the Volunteering movement became politicised in the late 1770s it was around the issue of free trade, a matter with which the Belfast merchants could sympathise.109

The Volunteers may have begun the process of political radicalisation in Belfast but they worked on fertile ground. Late eighteenth-century Belfast had a strong educational tradition, demonstrated by the large number of schools in the town. Nevertheless the only Irish university available for those wishing to study medicine or law, Trinity College, Dublin, was confined to members of the Church of Ireland. Many of the dissenting Belfast professional class were educated in Scottish universities, where they encountered the radical ideas of the Scottish enlightenment. Among those at home, similar views were also circulating. Reading societies, such as the Belfast Reading Society (later the Belfast Society for Promoting Knowledge) founded in 1788, printers, including the Joy family, booksellers and newspapers all served to disseminate radical ideas through print. 1 1 0

Radical ideas could also be absorbed from the pulpits of Presbyterian churches. Sinclair Kelburn, the minister of Third Presbyterian Church, built in Rosemary Street in 1722 as a non-subscribing Presbyterian church, was imprisoned for his views in 1798. Such ideas, together with the enthusiasm for voluntary association, led to the formation of the Society of United Irishmen in the town in 1791.

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In the fifty years before 1800 Belfast had been transformed (Plates 1, 2). It had also shifted its economic focus from being a commercial town to an industrial one. The early nineteenth century saw one further radical change, that in the relationship between the Donegall family and the town. The first marquis died in 1799 and was succeeded by his son who was, by then, hopelessly mired in debt.1 1 1 In an attempt to escape from his debtors he arrived in Belfast in 1802 and, apart from a brief sojourn in Edinburgh, remained there until his death in 1844, residing first in Donegall Place and then at his newly built house at Ormeau. His presence in the town had a positive effect. He became involved in a series of urban initiatives, including the establishment of the Belfast Academical Institution in 1814, the Fever Hospital in 1817, the Commercial Buildings in Waring Street in 1820 and

the gas works in 1823. To raise money to satisfy his creditors, he renewed leases in the town on very favourable terms in return for substantial entry fines. Under the restrictions imposed by his father's settlements on the estate he could not sell land. Some of the most favourable terms were granted to Donegall's brother-in-law, Edward May, who received prime building leases at low rents and in 1807 developed May's Market. With debts of £217,000 such renewals were insufficient and it was necessary to break the entail on the estate to make new leases. Such a settlement was eventually made in 1822. Over the next ten years 600 new perpetuity leases were granted for property in and around Belfast. These were three-life leases renewable for ever. When one of those named in the lease died, a new name could be inserted for a fine. The fines for the 1822 leases were moderate, since many sitting tenants had had their leases renewed recently at low rents and hence were not prepared to pay large sums for the property. The leading Belfast merchants seized the opportunity to buy their houses and business premises, possibly fearing that others might buy them instead. They gained the advantage of being able to build, sub-divide and sub-let the property without landlord interference at a time of considerable urban growth. In the 1850s the freehold of the perpetuities was finally sold in the Encumbered Estates Court. The Donegalls were no longer the landlords of Belfast. 1 1 2

The consequences of the lessening of control by the Donegalls for the growth of the town were enormous. The new leaseholders began to develop their property to generate income. Areas to the south-east of the town were built up. Streets such as Franklin Street, Joy Street, Alfred Street, Hamilton Street, Donegall Pass and part of Great Victoria Street were all laid out. To the west of the Linen Hall, Wellington Place, College Square and College Place were also products of this process (Maps 10, 11). H.D. Inglis, visiting Belfast in 1834, noted the rapid expansion of the town, recording that a third of it had been built in the previous fifteen years. He commented on the rather low quality of some of the buildings, noting ' in the improvements and extension of Belfast architectural beauty has been so little consulted. Regularity appears to be all that is aimed at ' . 1 1 3 The explosion of church building in early nineteenth-century Belfast, while certainly related to population growth and evangelical zeal, was also helped by the easier than hitherto access to building land, although the growth in churches lagged behind the expansion of population as a whole (Fig. 4).

Much of this development in the early nineteenth century was funded by the profits of industrial expansion. Three sectors were of considerable importance. The first was textiles. Cotton manufacturing, mainly spinning, was already well established in 1800 and this had reached its peak by 1825, when some 3,611 people were employed in the industry and Belfast accounted for half the Irish imports of raw cotton. Between 1825 and 1833 the number of cotton mills in Belfast fell but the textile trade as a whole

Fig. 4 Belfast churches in 1840

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increased. During the 1820s cotton and linen spinning were the most heavily capitalised industries in Belfast.1 1 4 When Mulholland's cotton mill burned down in 1828 the two Mulholland brothers, hearing of the profits to be made in linen using the new wet-flax spinning process, rebuilt the mill as a flax spinning mil l . The introduction of this process, together with changes in market conditions, caused both capital and labour to shift into linen. The movement was a slow one and cotton mills in operation in 1833 were still operating in 1839, although they had declined significantly by 1850, while a boom in mil l construction, mainly for linen, took place after 1825. 1 1 5

The second area of development in the early nineteenth-century economy was shipbuilding. William Ritchie had set up a shipyard in Belfast in 1791 and a second was established by the family in 1798. By 1812 the Ritchies claimed to have built forty ships and in 1820 the first steam vessel built in Ireland was launched from this family shipyard. 1 1 6 They had also constructed a graving dock. Another graving dock, the Clarendon Dock, was constructed by 1840. By 1838 there was a third shipyard owned by Kirwan and McCune and in that year the first Belfast-built iron steamer was launched. The expansion of the business may be attributed to two factors: first, the expansion of Belfast's overseas trade in the early nineteenth century and secondly, the dramatic improvement in harbour facilities which made the port more accessible. Shipping tonnages entering Belfast rose threefold between 1815 and 1835. By 1815 larger ships were having difficulties in navigating the channel from the Pool of Garmoyle at the head of Belfast Lough to the town docks. Initial explorations in 1821 proved cutting a ship canal to be too expensive and it was not until 1829 that the Ballast Board commissioned new reports on resolving the problem. 1 1 7 Two new cuts were proposed in the winding channel which, it was recommended, would be carried out in stages. The plan was opposed by the marquis of Donegall, probably hoping for increased compensation, but a settlement was reached in 1837. Work by William Dargan began in 1839 and the spoil from the cut was dumped on the Co. Down side of the river to create a seventeen-acre island known as Dargan's Island, later extended to become the site of the Harland and Wolff shipyard (Fig. 5). The first cut was opened in 1841. 1 1 8

Such improved port facilities increased both trade and shipbuilding activity. The third area of early nineteenth-century growth, the engineering

industry, was linked to shipbuilding and cotton manufacturing, although most cotton machinery was imported from England. The earliest foundry had been established in Hi l l Street by 1741. By the end of the eighteenth century there were three more and others were operating before 1840. By the early nineteenth century the largest of the foundries, that of Victor Coates (later Lagan Foundry), was located on the east side of the Lagan in Ballymacarret. This area had not been part of the original Donegall grant but

Fig. 5 Development of the harbour

was purchased by the family in 1786 when its owner, Barry Yelverton, attempted to develop a town there. Lord Templemore, from the branch of the Donegall family who inherited the property, had an ambitious but unrealised plan for the improvement of housing and infrastructure in the late 1840s. Instead Ballymacarret became a focus for industrial development. By 1791 potteries had been established there, one of which was owned by Victor Coates. By 1798 there were two glass works and a vitriol works had been set up by 1813. It was also one of the areas in which Glasgow linen merchants promoted muslin working. This industrialisation of Ballymacarret in the early nineteenth century was mirrored in house building for employees. The local population increased from 4,363 in 1824 to 6,697 by 1841. Churches followed people and in 1827 the Church of Ireland built a church in Ballymacarret, followed in 1837 by the Presbyterians and the Catholics.1 1 9

Such industrial growth inevitably produced an increase in population as people migrated from the surrounding countryside to seek employment in factories. Belfast's population almost tripled between 1802 and 1841; of those living in the town of 1841 about a quarter had not been born there. Demand for housing grew and some mill owners built streets of houses for their own workers. These were subsequently named after the developers including Ewart Street, Boomer Place, Boomer Lane and Brown Square. Housing conditions in some parts of the town were appalling. The York Street area was laid out on a grid pattern with a maze of small, insanitary courts, to maximise housing density. This was made worse by the periodic slumps in the cotton trade, as in 1816-18, 1825-6 and 1837, which required the establishment of soup kitchens in the town. Health became a matter of concern in a town where the water supply was inadequate, the Blackstaff flooded regularly and the sewerage system was left to the proprietors of individual houses. There had been some improvement in the cleanliness of streets after the passage of the Paving Act of 1800, but the situation was far from ideal. Typhus epidemics in 1817 and the ravages of cholera in 1832, particularly in the industrial parts of the city, only emphasised the problem. The Belfast Fever Hospital, run by a voluntary society, moved to increasingly larger premises during the early nineteenth century in an attempt to cope with the challenge. Education, too, was a problem. The middle classes were better provided for but the poor also needed some level of education to work effectively in an industrial world. Initial attempts at educational improvement focused on founding Sunday schools in 1810 and 1811. The Belfast Sunday School Society built a large Lancasterian School in 1811. One triumph in urban infrastructure was the establishment of gas street lighting by the Police Committee with the opening of the gas works in 1823, one of the earliest in the British Isles. A second was the creation of open spaces on the edge of the growing town, beginning in 1828 with the establishment of the Botanic Gardens by the Belfast Botanic and Horticultural Society.1 2 0

By 1840 a rapidly expanding Belfast (Plates 3, 4) possessed many of the features of the modern city and had established itself as the regional capital of Ulster. In that year the Municipal Corporations Act replaced the old ineffective corporation with a new council elected from five wards by householders of £10 valuation (Map 13). The new council met in 1842. In the same year a new body, the Belfast Water Commissioners, was set up to supervise the urban water supply. In the area of poor relief the Poor Law Act of 1838 resulted in the creation of a poor law union based on Belfast and the workhouse was built in 1841, though not without local opposition. 1 2 1 In 1839 Ulster's first railway connecting Belfast and Lisburn was opened. Yet the developments of the previous half century brought new problems. The valuation of 1837 revealed a highly segregated town (Fig. 6). The very rich lived outside the town, moving from the low-lying areas of the town centre but stepping over the Blackstaff flood plain to the south of the main town before establishing themselves in the higher land of Malone. By 1837 the Malone area had more large houses than sixty years previously. 1 2 2 On the north side of the town the Antrim Road provided a similar focus for development. The rich and the middle class still remained in the urban core, around the Linen Hall in Donegall Square and Donegall Place. The poor, many of whom were recent immigrants seeking work in the factories, were clustered in the courts and entries in the older part of the town, where up to nine persons per house were known, and in the new developments around Millfield and Smithfield. 1 2 3 Inevitably this increased tension within the town. Many of the recent poorer immigrants from rural areas were Catholic. Previously Belfast had been an overwhelmingly Presbyterian town, two-thirds of its population being Presbyterian in 1792 according to one visitor. 1 2 4 The number of Catholics in the town rose sharply from about 1,000 in 1784 (or less than 7 per cent of the town's population) to 19,712 in 1834 (or about a third of the population), marking a significant shift in the denominational balance. Moreover these newcomers were confined to the lower end of the social spectrum. According to an estimate of capital employed in Belfast businesses c. 1820 only seven of 139 individuals listed as entrepreneurs were Catholic and these contributed less than 3 per cent of the capital employed in Belfast businesses.125 Many of these new arrivals had settled in the rapidly expanding areas of the north and west of the town, creating a religious geography which persists into the present day. By 1815 a new Catholic church was erected in Donegall Street to relieve the pressure on St Mary's, built in 1784. This shift in the denominational balance occurred as evangelical Protestantism began to take hold in Belfast, championed by the Presbyterian Henry Cooke for whom May Street Presbyterian Church was built in 1829. William Thackeray, visiting the town

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in the early 1840s, noted that 'the stranger cannot fail to be struck (and haply a little frightened) by the great number of meeting houses that decorate the town and give evidence of great sermonising on Sundays'.1 2 6 Increasing politicisation generated by the Catholic Emancipation movement and the Reform Act of 1832 helped to shape confessional allegiances into political forms. The acrimonious election of 1832 in the town was the occasion for the first election riot in the Catholic Hercules Street, when the victorious Tory candidates and their supporters were attacked. The Riot Act was read and the police and army fired on the crowd, killing four. 1 2 7 The pattern of these events was to be repeated in the late nineteenth-century city. I f the seeds of Belfast's future urban and economic development were present by 1840, so too were many of its problems.

Valuation >£5

£2.10.0 to £4.19.11

£1.10.0 to £2.9.11

£1.0.0 to £1.9.11

M < £1.0.0

Base map from 1833 (OS) IHTA 2003

Fig. 6 Buildings valued, 1837 (Val.)

NOTES

1. Inglis, i i , p. 249. 2. Grainger, p. 116. 3. Young, 1892, pp xiii, xiv. 4. Manning et al. 5. Getty 6. Lowry, 1856, pp 253-60; Benn, 1877, pp 751-3. 7. Lowry, 1856, p. 260. 8. Benn, 1877, p. 19. 9. MacCana, p. 44.

10. Benn, 1877, pp 10-12. 11. Coast map: National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, MS P49/25; Paterson, p. 110. 12. Grainger, p. 115. 13. Benn, 1877, pp 39-40. 14. Ibid., pp 47, 50, 61. 15. Fiants Eliz., 4960. 16. Benn, 1877, pp 67-9; Fiants Eliz., 6235. 17. Cecil MSS, ix, p. 102. 18. Ibid., xv, pp 196-7.

19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34.

35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87.

90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99.

100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127.

Pat. rolls Ire.. Jas I , i , pp 23, 31, 109-10. Ibid., p. 23. Benn, 1877, p. 86. Young, 1892, pp 13-14. Falkiner, p. 370. Roebuck, p. 22. Benn, 1877, p. 86. Pococke, p. 38. Benn, 1877, p. 86. Ibid., pp 246-7, 273, 283, 285; Young, 1892, p. 7; RD 7/25/541; RD 1/477/371. Young, 1892, pp 1-13. PROM, D509/13, 25, 28; D 298/1, 2, 6, 7; Benn, 1877, p. 275. Benn, 1877, pp 86-7. Young, 1892, pp 10-11, 180. Ibid., pp 249-53. D.R. Hainsworth (ed.), The commercial papers of Sir Christopher Lowther, 1611-44 (Gateshead, 1977), pp 1, 3, 10-12, 15, 29, 107, 110, 121, 123. Young, 1892,pp 1-3, 17. Ibid., p. 15. Falkiner, p. 423. Young, 1892, pp 19-22, 25-7. Benn, 1877, pp 317-18. Story, p. 38; Sacheverell, p. 125. Cal. S.P. dorn., 1679-80, pp 282-3, 298. Ibid., pp 455^6. Agnew, passim. Benn, 1877, pp 359-60. Ibid., pp 284-5. HMC, Ormonde MSS, [old sen] i i , p. 331. Story, p. 38; Benn, 1877, p. 321. RD 4/231/908; RD 4/232/909. Pococke, p. 38. Staples, p. 7. RD 7/98/1805. PRONI, D509/222, 326. RD 6/429/2479. Grand jury presentments, pp 103, 154-5, 293. RD 15/474/8141; RD 15/103/6900. Benn, 1877, p. 479. PRONI, D509/25, 28, 29. RD 4/232/909; RD 4/392/1068; RD 4/394/1072; RD 7/301/2456. Minority accounts, i i , p. 15; Benn, 1877, p. 539; Young, 1892, p. 155. Young, 1892, pp 97-9, 105, 155. Young, 1896,p.155. Minority accounts, i , ff 2v, 14. Young, 1892, pp 120-27. Adair, p. 168; Cal. S.P. Ire., 1647-60, p. 336. PRONI, D509/31; Minority accounts, passim. Young, 1892, pp 200-9. Agnew, pp 94-104. R.J. Dickson, Ulster emigration to colonial America, 1718-75 (London, 1966), pp 229-30. Benn, 1877, pp 345-7. Pococke, p. 37. Hutton, i , p. 145. McCutcheon, 1965, pp 40-45. BL, Add. MS 40260, f. 239. Paterson, p. 112. PRONI, D509/44, 45, 49. Pococke, pp 37-8. Brett, 1985, p. 2; Benn, 1877, pp 538-40. PRONI, D811/2^1, 34-5; D509/6O-8, 76-8, 83-98. 101, 104-26, 127-8, 131-7, 139, 144-5. Benn, 1877, p. 540. Hutton, i , p. 146. PRONI, D811/5-17, 43-9, 78-80, 97-8, 156-390. Brett, 1985, p. 3. PRONI, D509/638, 684; Brett, 1985, pp 5, 6. Based on table in Gamble, p. 16a. Twiss, p. 235. Hutton, i , p. 146. Kenneth Morgan (ed.), An American Quaker in the British Isles (Oxford, 1992), p. 172. Benn, 1877, pp 550-51. Abbot, f. 61a. Truxes. Donegall rental; RD 78/280/55489. Benn, 1877, p. 546. Ballast Board accounts, passim. Gamble, passim; Millin, 1932, pp 71-9. Strain, pp 106-7, 134-42, 142-7. Benn, 1877, p. 623. Seaward. Bowden, pp 245-6. PRONI, D656/20, 24-5, 29, 30-31, 33, 35-8, 40-43, 46, 49, 51, 55, 58. BNL 30.4.1776, 6.6.1785, 10.6.1785. Benn, 1877, p. 501. BNL 2.9.1800. Griffin, pp 8-10. Young, 1892, pp 105, 133, 146. Strain, pp 18-52, 181-204, 242-71. A. Atkinson, Ireland exhibited to England (n.p., 1828). Samuel Leighton, History of Freemasonry in the province of Antrim (Belfast, 1968). Benn, 1877, pp 598-600, 620-21. Crawford. Killen, pp 7-25. Maguire, 1984. Maguire, 1976, pp 17-32. Inglis, i i , pp 251-2. Capital. Geary, 1981, pp 30-49; Geary, 1989, pp 250-67. BNL 14.3.1820. Harbour 1, 2. Moss and Hume, pp 5-7. Campbell and Royle, pp 635-40. Scott, pp 28-9. Kinealy and MacAtasney, pp 26-9. Carleton, 1978, pp 94-101. Royle, 1991, pp 1-9. Abbot, f. 62. Capital. Thackeray, p. 347. Budge and O'Leary, pp 32, 41-4; Hirst, pp 19-35.

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Topographical Information The following information relates not to any single administrative division or the sheet lines

of any particular map, but to the built-up area of Belfast at each of the dates referred to. A l l grid references used are derived from the Irish National Grid. This grid appears at 100

m intervals on Map 3. In the Topographical Information grid references are included where possible for features not named on either Map 2 or Map 3; they are given in eight figures (the last four figures respectively of the eastings and northings shown on Map 3) and indicate the approximate centre of the feature in question.

The entries under each heading, except for Streets, are arranged in chronological order by categories: for example, all mills are listed before all brickfields, because the oldest mill pre­dates the oldest brickfield. In general, dates of initiation and cessation are specified as such. Where these are unknown, the first and last recorded dates are given, and references of intermediate date are omitted except where corroborative evidence appears necessary.

The list of early spellings in section 1 is confined to the earliest and latest examples noted of the variants deemed to be the most significant. Where necessary the earliest noted attestation of the commonest spelling in each of theses categories is also given.

Street names are listed in alphabetical order. The first entry for each street gives its present-day name according to the most authoritative source, followed by its first identifiable appearance, named or unnamed, in a map or other record and the various names subsequently applied to it in chronological order of occurrence. Rows of houses that subsequently develop into streets are included under the modern street name. Those which did not are included in Residence.

Manufacturing includes all factories and mills and, where these are not distinguishable from warehouses and offices, the latter have been included also. Only manufacturing undertakings with significant topographical expression have been included. The wider manufacturing structure of the town is tabulated in Appendix B.

The section on residence is not intended to embrace more than a small fraction of the town's dwelling houses. The main criteria for inclusion are (1) contribution to the townscape, past or present; (2) significance in defining critical stages in the history of urban and suburban housing; (3) abundance of documentation, especially for houses representative of a large class of dwellings. Biographical associations are not in themselves a ground for inclusion.

This fascicle wi l l be followed in due course by Belfast, part II, 1840-1900; accordingly, main entries and selected sub-entries whose history continues after 1840 terminate with an arrow symbol. Abbreviated source-references are explained in the bibliography on pages 38-40 or in the general list inside the back cover.

1 Name Early spellings Beil-Feirsdi 1476, 1489 (AU (I), i i i , 258, 340). Beöil feirste 1476, 1512 (AFM, iv, 1100; v, 1318). Bheöil fersde 1503, 1512, 1549 (AFM, v, 1270; Ann. Conn., 618; AFM, iv, 1168). Bel Fersti 1512, 1540 (AU (1), i i i , 498, 633). Bel feirste 1537, 1552 (AFM, v, 1440, 1524), 1643 (Ö Mealläin, 27). Bealefarst 1553 (Cal. Carew MSS, 1515-74, 243). Kellefarst 1556 (Cal. Carew MSS, 1515-74, 259). Belfarste 1574 (Cal. S.P. Ire., 1574-85, 19). Belfyrst 1574 (Benn, 1877, 51). Belfast 1575 (Benn, 1877, 368) to present. => Belerfych c. 1580 (Coast map). Bealfast 1611 (Benn, 1877, 86). Current spellings Belfast Beal Feirste Bilfawst Derivation Mouth, or ford, of the sandbank. Derived from beal, 'mouth', and fearsad, 'sandbank', 'tidal

ford'. The most satisfactory translation is probably 'approach to the tidal ford'. The name is sometimes erroneously said to originate with the River Farset (Ui Fhlannagäin, 49-51).

2 Legal status Borough 1333 (Orpen, 139). Incorporated in 1613; new charter granted by James I I in 1688; annulled, 1613 charter

restored, in 1689 (Young, 1892, 172-8, 158-65, 167-8; Mun. corp. Ire. rept, 697).

3 Parliamentry status Parliamentary borough (2 members) 1613-1800 (NHI, ix, 47, 110). Parliamentary borough (1 member) 1801-32 (NHI, ix, 58, 113). Parliamentary borough (2 members) 1832-85 (NHI, ix, 58, 113). =>

4 Proprietorial status W. town: Granted to Sir Arthur Chichester by crown in 1604; regranted in 1621 (Cal. pat. rolls Ire.,

Jas I , 48-9, 523). Confirmed to earls of Donegall in 1669 (Young, 1896, 128). => E. town: Granted to James Hamilton in 1605; sold to Thomas Pottinger of Belfast in 1672; sold to

Barry Yelverton in 1781; sold to Arthur, 1st marquis of Donegall, in 1787; inherited by Spencer Chichester, 2nd son of 1st marquis, in 1795; Ballymacarret incorporated into Belfast borough in 1832 (Lowry, 1867, 55-7, app. i i ) . =>

5 Municipal boundary 'To the first arch of the long bridge on the county of Antrim side; to the Mile-water bridge

on the Carrickfergus road; to the porter's lodge on the road leading to Old Park, and around by the path-way to the back of the Poor-house; to Mussenden's hole on the Lodge road; to Craven's Bridge on the Shankill road; to Reid and Cavert's factory on the Falls Road; to G. Bradberry's house on the Pound-fields Road; to the Salt-water bridge on the Malone Road; and to the houses at the bank on the side of the wooden bridge next Belfast' 1812 (Dubourdieu, 511).

Water boundary assumed as the limits; the Lagan dividing the counties of Down and Antrim as the eastern boundary; the Blackstaff and the Mile Water to the south and the north (Mun. corp. Ire. rept, 697; Lewis, i , 197). New boundary defined in 1837 (Mun. boundary repts, 21). Belfast borough: 1,296 acres in Co. Antrim, 576 acres in Co. Down; total 1,872 acres 1841 (Census). =>

6 Administrative location W. town: County: Antrim 1833 (OS). => Barony: Upper Belfast 1833 (OS). => Civil parish: Belfast 1823 (Benn plan 2); Shankill 1837 (Lewis, i , 197). => Townland: Town Parks 1833 (OS). => Poor law union: Belfast, formed in 1838 (BNL 1.1.1839, 19.2.1839). => Poor law electoral division: Belfast, formed in 1839 (Poor law com. rept, 188-9). => E. town: County: Down 1834 (OS). =>

Barony: Upper Castlereagh 1837 (Lewis, i , 142). => Civil parish: part of parish of Knockbreda before 1772; created parish of Ballymacarret 1837

(Lewis, i , 143). => Townlands: Ballymacarret, Ballynafoy 1834 (OS). => Poor law union: Ballymacarret, formed in 1838 (BNL 1.1.1839, 19.2.1839). => Poor law electoral division: Ballymacarret, formed in 1839 (Poor law com. rept, 188-9). =*•

7 Administrative divisions Wards: Cromac, Dock, St Anne's, St Georges, Smithfield 1837 (Mun. boundary repts,

20-21). =>

8 Population Year Belfast Ballymacarret Total 1659 5891 231 612 1757 8,5492 — 1766 2,4333 — 1776 15,0004 — 1782 13,1055 419 6 13,524 1791 18,3207 1,2088 19,528 1802 19,0019 — 1806 22,0951 0 — 1809 27,00o11 — 1811 27,3821 2 2,250 1 2 29,632 1821 37,2771 3 — 1822 37,1171 4 3^t,000 1 4

1824 — 4,363 1 5

1831 53,287 5,168 58,455 1841 63,750 6,697 70,447

Probably adults only (Census, 1659). Robert Hyndman's survey (Dubourdieu, 505). PRONI, T808/14900, 15264, 15266, 15267. Households only. Hutton, i , 146. BNL 1.1.1782. Dubourdieu, 511. Williamson; Dubourdieu, 506. Dubourdieu, 511. Wakefield, i i , 593. BNL 16.12.1806. Wakefield, i i , 593. 1811-13 census of Ireland (BNL 20.8.1813). 1821 census (BNL 24.8.1821, 18.9.1821). BNL 13.8.1822. BNL 20.4.1824.

(Source: Census, unless where otherwise stated.)

9 Housing NUMBER OF HOUSES

Inhabited Uninhabited Building Belfast

1666 1668 1725 1738 1757 1782 1791 2,909 1800 1802 1806 1809 1821 5,494 1831 7,750 1841 9,926

Ballymacarret 1781 1782 1831 191 1841 980

Belfast and Ballymacarret 1831 1841

Belfast 1841

Ballymacarret 1841

7,941 10,906

190

422 776

1,766

56 140

832 1,906

174 59

10 4

184 63

lst-class

1,099

Total 1841

40

1,139

2nd-class

8,012

762

8,774

3rd-class

805

169

974

4th-class

10

Unoccupied

19

140

1,906

Total

2281

5301

2,0932

1,1003

1,7794

2,0264

3,0995

3,0536

3,1977

3,6488

5,0008

5,9169

8,700 11,751

96 1 0

1 7 9 n

257 1,124

8,957 12,875

Total

1,766 11,692

1,120

12,812

Carleton, 1991, 36. Dobbs,411. Paterson, 112. BNL 1.1.1782. Williamson. Hansard, 1269. BNL 16.12.1806.

8 Wakefield, i i , 593. 9 1821 census (BNL 24.8.1821). 20 houses also recorded in Cromac village. Ballymacarret

was not separately identified. 10 BNL 25.10.1791. 1 1 Williamson. Classes as defined in Census: 4th: predominantly mud cabins with 1 room and window only. 3rd: better, with 2-A rooms and windows. 2nd: good, with 5-9 rooms and windows. 1st: all houses of a better description than classes 2-A. (Source: Census, unless where otherwise stated.)

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10 Streets Abbey Lane Abbey Street Academy Court Academy Lane, Row

or Street

Adelaide Street

Albertbridge Road

Albion Lane Alexander Lane

or Street Alexander's Row

Alfred Street

Allen's Court or Entry Anderson's Court

Anderson's Place Anderson's Row

Ann Lean or Ann, Anne or Ann's Street

Antrim Road

Arott's Row Arrot Street

Arrott's Lane

Arthur Lane

Arthur Place

Arthur Square

Arthur Street

Arthur's Court

Back Lane Back of the green Back of the river Back Plantation Back Ramps Street Bairn's Court Ball Alley Baimer's Court

B amber Square

Bank Lane or Street

High Street from the west, c. 1830 (High Street view)

Abbey Lane c. 1830 (OS). => Abbey Street c. 1830 (OS). Academy Court 1823 (Benn, 1823, 295), c. 1830 (OS). => Unnamed 1757 (Town plan). Linenhall Lane 1774 (Marshall, 1938, 1). Lane 1788 (Mulholland). Academy Row 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson). Academy Lane 1794 (BNL 1.1A19A). Academy Street 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => Stephen Street, intended 1815 (Mason). Stephen's Street, intended 1822 (Benn plan 1). Unnamed, N . part built by c. 1830 (OS). 0.5 km E. of city. 'New road in progress' 1834 (OS). Unnamed 1838 (Beatty). => Unnamed 1838 (Beatty). => Alexander Lane c. 1830 (OS). Unnamed 1832 (New plan). Alexander Street 1835 (Matier). => Near Millfield (q.v.), site unknown. Alexander's Row 1823 (Benn, 1823, 296). Alfred Street, intended 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Built by c. 1830 (OS). See Peter's Place. (34504360). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Anderson's Court 1837 (Val.). => Anderson's Place c. 1830 (OS), 1835 (Matier). => (34504370). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Anderson's Row 1835 (Matier). => Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1696 (Belfast map), c. 1708 (Pratt). Anne Street 1712 (RD10/172/3374). Ann Lean 1715 (Maclanachan). Ann Street or Katherine Street 1749 (Deeds 1, 154). Ann Street 1756 (BNL 2.11.1756). Bridge Street 1757 (Town plan). Anne Street 1767; Back of the green 1782 (BNL 31.3.1767, 2.4.1782). Anne Street 1788 (Mulholland). Ann Street 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Ann's Street c. 1830 (OS). Ann Street 1838 (Beatty). => Built in c. 1830 (BNL 29.1.1830). New road to Antrim 1832 (New plan). Unnamed 1833 (OS). New road to Antrim 1837 (Mun. boundary repts). Antrim Road 1838 (BNL 23.10.1838). ==> See Harmony Street. N . of May Street (q.v.), site unknown. Arrot Street 1817 (BNL 25.4.1817). Near Cromac St (q.v.), site unknown. Arrott's Lane 1823 (Benn, 1823, 294). Unnamed 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Paterson's Place c. 1830 (OS). Patterson's Court 1835 (Matier). Arthur Lane 1837 (Val.). => Arthur Place 1789 (Benn notes), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), 1833 (OS), 1837 (Val.). Unnamed 1791 (Williamson). Arthur Square 1813 (BSD). Unnamed 1833 (OS). 'Intended street' 1788 (Mulholland). Unnamed 1789 (Lawson). Arthur Street 1790 (BNL 17.8.1790; Smyth). Arthur Street Lower 1813 (BSD). Arthur Street 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Unnamed 1833 (OS). Arthur Street 1838 (Beatty). => Location unknown, perhaps same as Arthur Lane (q.v.). Arthur's Court 1813 (BSD). See Princes Street Court. See Ann Street. See Bank Lane. See Dunbar Street. See Long Lane, York Street [south]. Bairn's Court 1813 (BSD), c. 1830 (OS). Ball Alley c. 1830 (OS). (43053935). Unnamed 1833 (OS). Balmer's Court 1835 (Matier). => Near May Street (q.v.), site unknown. Bamber Square 1823 (Benn, 1823,294). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1696 (Belfast map). Crooked Lane 1710 (Minority accounts, i i , 28). Crooked Lean 1715 (Maclanachan). Crooked Lane or back of the river 1765 (BNL

Bankmore Street

Barnet's or Barnett's Court

Barrack Gate Barrack Lane Barrack Street or Yard,

or Barracks Street

Barry Street Barryhill's Court Barryhill's Lane

Bays Lane Beattie's or Beatty's

Entry Bedford Street

Beersbridge Road Beggars Row Bell's Court

Bell's Row or Bells Lane

Benn's Court Berry Street

Berryhill's Court

Bigarts Alley Bigarts Lean Bigarts or Biggars Lean Biggar's Entry

Birch Lane or Street

Bird's Court

Bishop Street Black Staff,

Black Staff Road, Blackstaff Lane or Loney

Black's Court Black's Lane or Place Blackwood's Court Blakeley's Row or

Bleakley's Lane Blue Bell or Bluebell

Entry

Bogan Street

Boomer's Lane or Place Botanic Road Boundary Street Boyd's Court (1) Boyd's Court (2) Bradbury Place Bradford, Bradford's

Place or Square Bradford Street

Bradford's Entry

Bradford's Lane

Bradie's or Brady's Row

Braidey's Row Brett's Entry Brewery Lane Bridge End Bridge Street

5.3.1765). Back of river 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth). Cunningham Row 1791 (Williamson). Bank Lane; Bank Street 1808 (BNL 26.1.1808, 5.4.1808). Bank Lane 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => Unnamed 1791 (Williamson), c. 1830 (OS). Paper M i l l Lane 1837 (Val). (33504755). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Barnett's Court 1837 (Val.). Barnet's Court 1839 (Martin). => Location unknown. Barrack Gate 1837 (Val.). (37455145). Barrack Lane 1813 (BSD). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). =* Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1690 (Goubet), 1696 (Belfast map). Barrack Yard 1715 (Maclanachan). Barrack Street 1745 (Register 2.3.1745). Barracks Street 1757 (Town plan). Barrack Street 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson). Old Barrack Street 1813 (BSD). Barrack Street 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). For another Barrack Street, see Divis Street [east]. => See Berry Street. See Berryhill's Court. Location unknown, perhaps same as Berryhill's Court (q.v.). Barryhill's Lane 1813 (BSD). See Institution Place. Beatty's Entry c. 1830 (OS). Beattie's or Beatty's Entry 1835 (Matier). => Bishop Street, intended 1815 (Mason). Unnamed, intended c. 1830 (OS). => 1.2 km E. of city. Unnamed 1834 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). See John Street. Location unknown, perhaps same as next entry. Bell's Court 1837 (Val.). Bell's Row 1813 (BSD). Bells Lane 1822 (Benn plan 1). Bell's c. 1830 (OS). For another Bells Lane, see Torrens Lane. => Location unknown. Benn's Court 1813 (BSD). Barry Street 1757 (Benn, 1877, 540). Factory Row 1787 (BNL 20.11.1787), 1788 (Mulholland). Berry Street 1790 (Smyth). Factory Row; Barry Street 1791 (Williamson; BNL 1.11.1791). Berry Street 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => (35954860). Barryhill's Court 1813 (BSD). Berryhill's Court 1823 (Benn, 1823, 295). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). See Wine Cellar Entry. See Long Lane, York Street [south]. See Graham's Entry. (39604335). Biggar's Entry 1789 (BNL 12.6.1789). Burgess' Entry 1803 (BA). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Birch Street 1813 (BSD). Birch Lane 1823 (Benn, 1823, 295). Birch Street c. 1830 (OS). Near M i l l Street (q.v.), site unknown. Bird's Court 1835 (Matier). See Bedford Street. See Donegall Road [east].

See Frederick's Court. Black's Lane c. 1830 (OS). Black's Place 1837 (Val.). => See Verner Court. Blakeley's Row 1823 (Benn, 1823, 294). Bleakley's Lane c. 1830 (OS). Custom House Lane 1710 (RD 8/89/1829). Custom House Lean 1715 (Maclanachan). Unnamed 1757 (Town plan), 1788 (Mulholland). Blue Bell Entry 1790 (Smyth). Custom House Entry 1791 (Williamson). Custom House Yard 1798; Custom House Lane or Blue Bell Entry 1801 (BNL 9.4.1798, 3.4.1801). Blue Bell Entry 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Bluebell Entry c. 1830 (OS). => 0.25 km W. of city. Unnamed 1833 (OS). Bogan Street 1837 (Val.). => See Durham Place. See Great Victoria Street. Boundary Street 1837 (Val.). => Boyd's Court 1823 (Benn, 1823, 294), c. 1830 (OS). O'Bryan's Court 1837 (Val.). => Bradbury Place 1835 (Matier), 1838 (Beatty). => Bradford Square 1823 (Benn, 1823, 294). Bradford's Square c. 1830 (OS). => Near Dock Street (q.v.), site unknown. Bradford Street 1816 (BNL 16.1.1816). (34804460). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Bradford's Entry 1837 (Val.). Location unknown, perhaps same as previous entry. Bradford's Lane 1839 (Martin). (40404765). Brady's Row 1823 (Benn, 1823, 294). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Bradie's Row 1837 (Val.). => Location unknown. Braidey's Row or Squee's Gut 1837 (Val.). Location unknown. Brett's Entry 1837 (Val.). See Frederick Street. Bridge End 1771 (BNL 15.1.1771). Unnamed 1834 (OS). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1690 (Goubet). Bridge Street 1694 (Young, 1892, 171). Unnamed 1696 (Belfast map), c. 1708 (Pratt). Bridge Street 1715 (Maclanachan). Bridge Street or Cross Lane 1732 (Deeds 1, 76). Broad Street; Bridge Street 1757 (Town plan; BNL 22.4.1757), 1788 (Mulholland), 1815

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Bridge Street Place Britton's Alley Broad Lane Broad Street Brown or Brown's

Street

Brown, Browns or Brown's Square

Brown's Court or Entry

Brown's Row

Bruce Street Brunswick Court Brunswick Lane

Brunswick Square

Brunswick Street

Bryan Street Bryson Street Bulger's Entry Bullars Entry Bullars or Buller's Row Burch Street

Burges' Entry Butler's Entry Buttle's Court Buttle's Lane or Loning

Byrne's Lane Byrt's, Byrtt's or Mrs

Byrt's Entry

Caddel's, Caddell's, Caddie's or Cadells Entry

Caldwell's Row Calender, Callander

or Callender Street

Campbell's Court or Entry

Cargill Street Carolina or Caroline

Street Caroline Court (1) Caroline Court (2) Carr's Court Carrick Hil l or Road/

Cnoc na Carraige

Carrick Hi l l Place

Carrickfergus Road Carrickfergus Street Castle Arcade

Castle Chambers Castle Court Castle Lane

Castle Lane Place Castle Place

(Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). For another Bridge Street, see Ann Street. => Bridge Street Place built by 1840 (Patton, 43). => Location unknown. Britton's Alley 1820 (BNL 1.8.1820). See Store Lane. See Bridge Street, Waring Street. To be laid out, 40 ft wide 1786 (BNL 18.4.1786). Brown Street 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth). Brown's Square 1791 (Williamson). Brown Square 1815 (Mason). Brown Street 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Brown's Street 1822 (Benn plan 1). Brown Square South 1823 (Benn, 1823, 295). Brown Street c. 1830 (OS). For another Brown Street, see next entry. => To be laid out, 40 ft wide 1786 (BNL 18.4.1786). Brown Street 1788 (Mulholland). Brown's Square 1791 (Williamson). Browns Square 1815 (Mason). Brown's Square 1822 (Benn plan 1). Brown Square West 1823 (Benn, 1823, 295). Brown's Square c. 1830 (OS). Brown Square 1838 (Beatty). For another Brown Square, see previous entry. => Brown's Court c. 1830 (OS). Brown's Entry 1835 (Matter), 1837 (Val.). => Brown's Row 1813 (BSD), 1823 (Benn, 1823, 294), c. 1830 (OS). => See Hamilton Street [west]. Location unknown. Brunswick Court 1837 (Val.). (40054795). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Brunswick Lane 1835 (Matier). => (42654425). Brunswick Square 1715 (RD 15/474/8141). Unnamed 1757 (Town plan). Queen Street 1811 (PRONI, D509/1757). N. section, unnamed 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). Brunswick Street 1837 (Val.). => Location unknown. Bryan Street 1837 (Val.). 0.25 km E. of city. Unnamed 1834 (OS). => See Joy's Entry. (39754505). Bullars Entry 1715 (Maclanachan). See Gordon Street. Near Great George's Street (q.v.), site unknown. Burch Street 1813 (BSD), 1835 (Matier). See Biggar's Entry. Location unknown. Butler's Entry 1739 (BNL 22.5.1739). Location unknown. Buttle's Court 1758 (BNL 15.8.1758). (34805235). Buttle's Lane 1760; Buttle's Loning 1765 (BNL 3.10.1760, 11.10.1765). Buttle's Lane 1781 (Dobbs plan 1), 1788 (Mulholland). Unnamed 1789 (Lawson), 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Partly incorporated in burial ground (see 18 Utilities) in 1831 (Strain, 291). (43203770). Byrne's Lane 1839 (Martin). => Near High Street (q.v.), site unknown. Byrtt's Entry 1765; Mrs Byrt's Entry 1767 (BNL 17.9.1765, 27.6.1767). Byrt's Entry 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). Martans Lean 1715 (Maclanachan). Catherine Street or Caddell's Entry 1739 (BNL 17.7.1739). Unnamed 1757 (Town plan). Caddell's Entry 1764; Catherine Street 1769 (BNL 13.4.1764, 13.6.1769). Caddel's Entry 1788 (Mulholland). Caddie's Entry 1790 (Smyth). Caddels Entry 1815 (Mason). Caddie's Entry 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Cadells Entry 1822 (Benn plan 1). Caddel's Entry c. 1830 (OS). => Location unknown. Caldwell's Row 1781 (BNL 3.7.1781). Stable Lane 1788 (Mulholland). Calender Street 1790 (Smyth). Calendar Street 1794 (BNL 2.5.1794). Callender Street 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Callander Street 1822 (Benn plan 1). Calender Street c. 1830 (OS). => Campbell's Entry c. 1830 (OS). Campbell's Court 1837 (Val.). => Cargill Street 1839 (Martin). => Catherine Street c. 1830 (OS). Carolina Street 1835 (Matier). =>

(41204970). Caroline Court 1837 (Val.). => Location unknown. Caroline Court 1837 (Val.). (32953950). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Carr's Court 1837 (Val.). => Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1696 (Belfast map). Highway to Carrickfergus 1715 (Maclanachan). Road to Carrickfergus 1757 (Town plan). Carrick Hi l l 1788 (Mulholland). Carrick Road 1789 (Lawson). Carrick Hi l l 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS), 1837 (Val.). Torpes Court c. 1830 (OS). Tort's Court 1837 (Val.). Thorp's Court 1839 (Martin). => See North Queen Street [north], York Road. See North Queen Street [south]. Unnamed 1757 (Town plan). Hammond's Entry 1762 (BNL 22.1.1762). Hemming's Entry 1767 (PRONI, D811/79), 1810 (Deeds 1, 36). Hammond's Court 1813 (BSD). Drew's Entry 1815 (Deeds 1, 38). Hammond's Court 1823 (Benn, 1823, 293). Hammonds Court c. 1830 (OS). => (38204390). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). => Castle Court 1813 (BSD), c. 1830 (OS), 1837 (Val.). => Stable Lane 1788 (Mulholland). Castle Lane 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => (38654245). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). => Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1696 (Belfast map), c. 1708 (Pratt), 1715 (Maclanachan). Parade 1783 (Lease plan 2), 1791 (Williamson). Grand Parade c. 1800 (BT 1.12.1934). Castle Place 1813 (BSD). Castle Street 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Castle Place c. 1830 (OS). =>

Castle Street [east]

Castle Street [west]

Castlereagh Road Castlereagh Street Catherine Court or Lane

Catherine Street or Catherine Street South

Catherine Street or Catherine Street North

Caxton Street Chapel Lane

Charlemont, Charlemount Row or Street

Charles Street

Charlotte Street

Chester Lane Chichester Lane

or Street

Chichester Street

Chronicle Entry Church Bank Church Lane

Church Street

Clabber Loaning or Loney

Clarence Place

Clarence Street

Clark's Court Clark's Lane Cliftonville Road

Cloakey's Court Clogsons Entry Club Row Clugston's or

Clugstons Entry or Clurton's Lean

Coar's Lane

Coates Street Coal, Coal's or

Cole's Alley or Cole Lane or Coles Place

Cockpit Row College Court

College Place North College Square East

Castle Street 1672 (Deeds 1, 124). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1690 (Goubet). Castle Street 1694 (Young, 1892, 171). Unnamed 1696 (Belfast map), c. 1708 (Pratt). Castle Street 1715 (Maclanachan), 1738 (Deeds 1, 44). Unnamed 1757 (Town plan). Castle Street 1783 (Dobbs plan 2), 1788 (Mulholland), 1791 (Williamson), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1690 (Goubet). M i l l Street 1692 (Deeds 2, 124a). The way to Millford 1696 (Belfast map). Unnamed c. 1708 (Pratt). M i l l Street 1715 (Maclanachan). Millgate 1752 (BNL 28.11.1752). M i l l Street 1757 (Town plan), 1783 (Dobbs plan 2), 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => See Woodstock Road, Woodstock Street. 0.5 km E. of city. Unnamed 1834 (OS). => (41603740). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Catherine Court 1835 (Matier). Catherine Lane 1837 (Val.). Catherine Court 1839 (Martin). => Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Catherine Street South 1839 (Martin). For other Catherine Streets, see Caddell's Entry, Caroline Street. => North Catherine Street c. 1830 (OS). Catherine Street 1838 (Beatty). =>

See Hector Street. Chapel Lane 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS), 1837 (Val.). => Charlemont Row 1790 (Smyth). Charlemont Street 1794 (BNL 29.12.1794). Charlemount Row and Street 1813 (BSD). Charlemont Street 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS), 1837 (Val.). => Unnamed 1791 (Williamson). Charles Street 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => Charlotte Street 1835 (Matier). For another Charlotte Street, see Victoria Street. => See next entry. Unnamed 1788 (Mulholland). S[chool] H[ouse] Lane 1790 (Smyth). Chichester Street 1791 (Williamson). Chichester Lane 1813 (BSD), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Chester Lane 1823 (Benn, 1823, 294). Chichester Lane c. 1830 (OS). For other Chichester Streets, see next entry; Wellington Place. => Chichester Street 1790 (Smyth). South Parade 1794; Chichester Street Lower 1808 (BNL 11.3.1794, 1.3.1808). Chichester Street, extended E. 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => Location unknown. Chronicle Entry 1816 (BNL 1.11.1816). Location unknown. Church Bank 1837 (Val.). Schoolhouse Lane 1668 (Young, 1892, 140). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1). Schoolhouse Lane 1692 (Deeds 1, 19). Church Lane 1694 (Young, 1892,171). Unnamed 1696 (Belfast map), c. 1708 (Pratt). Schoolhouse Lane; Church Street 1709 (Minority accounts, i , ff 5v, 6). School-house Lean; Church Lane 1715 (Maclanachan; Funeral register, 14), 1757 (Town plan), 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). For another Church Lane, see Upper Church Lane. => Church Street 1761 (BNL 2.6.1761). 'Intended street' 1788 (Mulholland). Church Street 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => (36855130). Clabber Loaning 1791 (Williamson). Clabber Loney c. 1825 (Gaffikin, 9). Clarence Place c. 1830 (OS), 1831 (Donaldson), 1836 (BNL 20.5.1836). => Henrietta Street, intended 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Sussex Street, intended 1832 (McClean). Clarence Street, built by 1839 (Martin). => Clark's Court c. 1830 (OS). Clark's Lane 1813 (BSD), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => 0.25 km N . of city. Unnamed 1791 (Williamson), 1833 (OS). Cliftonville Road 1839 (Martin). => Location unknown. Cloakey's Court 1837 (Val.). See Legg's Lane. 0.75 km E. of city. Club Row 1834 (OS). => See Legg's Lane.

Corr's Row 1813 (BSD). Incorrectly sited on line of Clark's Lane (q.v.) 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Coars Lane 1823 (Benn, 1823, 295), c. 1830 (OS). Coar's Court 1837 (Val.). =* (32154460). Coates Street 1839 (Martin). => Cole Lane 1736 (RD 85/239/59917). Little Lane 1767 (PRONI, D509/322). Cole's Alley 1790 (Smyth). Coals Alley 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Coal Alley 1822 (Benn plan 1). Cole's Alley 1823 (Benn, 1823, 293). Coles Place c. 1830 (OS). Coal Alley 1832 (New plan). => (36654440). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Cockpit Row 1837 (Val.). => Squeeze-gut Entry c. 1769 (Rogers and Macaulay, 18-19). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). College Court 1835 (Matier). => College Place North 1837 (Val.). => College Square 1813 (BSD), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). =*-

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College Square North

College Square South College Square West

College Street

College Street Mews

College Street South Collingwood Street Commercial Court

Commercial Place

Conlon's Court Conrey's Entry Constabulary Lane

Conway Street Cooney's Court

Cooper's Court Corbitt's Row

Cordukes Place Corn Market

Corn Market Court Corporation Street

[north]

Corporation Street [south]

Corr's Court or Entry

Corr's Row Cotter's or Cotton Court

Covent Garden

Cow Lane Crawford's Court

Crawford's Row

Cricket Place Cripple Row Croarken's Pad or

Croarkin's Place Cromac or

Cromack Street

Cromac Place Cromac Road Cromack Lane

Cone Train Fields Crooked Lane or Lean Cross Lane Cross Street

Crown Entry

Crumlin Road Culbert's Court

Cullingtree or Cullintree Road

Cullingtree Place Cunningham Row Cunningham Street Cunningham's Court

Curtice or Curtis Street

College Square 1813 (BSD), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). =*> See Grosvenor Road. College Square West 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Water Street 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). College Street c. 1830 (OS). => Unnamed 1819 (Bradshaw plan), c. 1830 (OS). Fountain Mews 1837 (Val.). See Grosvenor Road. Location unknown. Collingwood Street 1839 (Martin). => Unnamed 1791 (Williamson). Commercial Court 1813 (BSD), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => Near Rosemary Street (q.v.), site unknown. Commercial Place 1837 (BNL 8.8.1837). Location unknown. Conlon's Court 1837 (Val.). Location unknown. Conrey's Entry 1837 (Val.). (37105080). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Walker's Court 1837 (Val.). => 0.5 km W. of city. Conway Street 1839 (Martin). => (40404260). Cooney's Court 1797 (Malcolm, 49). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). -> Location unknown. Cooper's Court 1813 (BSD). Near Little Patrick Street (q.v.), site unknown. Corbitt's Row 1823 (Benn, 1823, 294). Cordukes Place c. 1830 (OS). => Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1). Corn Market 1692 (Deeds 1, 24). Unnamed 1696 (Belfast map), c. 1708 (Pratt). Market Place 1715 (Maclanachan). Corn Market 1717 (Deeds 1, 3), 1727 (PRONI, D509/48). Shambles Street 1757 (Town plan). Corn Market 1762 (BNL 22.1.1762). Shambles 1788 (Mulholland). Corn Market 1790 (Smyth). Shambles Street 1791 (Williamson). Corn Market 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => (39404260). Corn Market Court c. 1830 (Patton, 83). => The Plantation 1745 (Register 10.12.1745), 1757 (Town plan). Fore Plantation 1764 (BNL 31.1.1764), 1791 (Williamson). Corporation Street 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). For another Corporation Street, see Garmoyle Street. => Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1696 (Belfast map). Strand Street 1715 (Maclanachan). The Plantation 1757 (Town plan), 1788 (Mulholland). Fore Plantation 1790 (Smyth). James's Street 1807 (BNL 21.7.1807). James Street 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => Location unknown. Corr's Court 1813 (BSD). Corr's Entry 1837 (Val.). See Coar's Lane. Cotton Court 1805 (BNL 1.1.1805), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Cotter's Court c. 1830 (OS). Cotton Court 1835 (Matier). => (42804865). Covent Garden 1823 (Benn, 1823, 294). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). => See Mary Street. (34354415). Thompson's Court 1837 (Val.). Thompson's Entry 1839 (Martin). => Near Great George's Street (q.v.), site unknown. Crawford's Row 1823 (Benn, 1823, 294). Location unknown. Cricket Place 1839 (Martin). See Divis Street [west]. Near Smithfield Square (q.v.), site unknown. Croarken's Pad 1813 (BSD). Croarkin's Place 1835 (Matier). Unnamed 1783 (Dobbs plan 2). Road from Cromac Wood 1790 (Smyth). Unnamed 1791 (Williamson). Cromack Street 1813 (BSD), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Cromac Street c. 1830 (OS). => See Hamilton Street [east]. See Ormeau Road. Near Cromac Street (q.v.), site unknown. Cromack Lane 1823 (Benn, 1823, 294). See Cullingtree Road. See Bank Lane. See Bridge Street, New Lodge Road. (33704260). Hall's Court 1823 (Benn, 1823, 293). Unnamed 1833 (OS). Halls Court 1837 (Val.). => Pringles Entry 1760; Crown Entry 1765 (BNL 8.2.1760, 12.11.1765), 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). => New Crumlin Road 1838 (Beatty). => (41555260). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Culbert's Court 1837 (Val.). => 0.25 km W. of city. Cone Train Fields 1788 (Mulholland). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Cullintree Road 1837 (Val.). => (31953950). Cullingtree Place 1835 (Matier). => See Bank Lane. Location unknown. Cunningham Street 1813 (BSD). Cunningham's Court 1813 (BSD), 1823 (Benn, 1823, 293). Cunningham Court c. 1830 (OS). Cunningham's Court 1839 (Martin). Curtice Street 1813 (BSD), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Curtis Street c. 1830 (OS). Curtice Street 1831 (Donaldson). Curtis Street 1838 (Beatty). =>

Custom House Entry, Lane, Lean or Yard

Dalton's Entry

Dalzell's Row

Dam Side Daniel Street David Street David's Lane

Davidson's Entry

Davies Street Diet's Court or Entry Divis Street [east]

Divis Street [mid]

Divis Street [west]

Dock Court Dock Lane Dock Street Doctor Dobbin's Entry

Donaldson's Court or Entry

Donegall Lane

Donegall Pass

Donegall Place

Donegall Road [east]

Donegall Road [west] Donegall Square East

Donegall Square Mews

Donegall Square North

Donegall Square South

Donegall Square West

Donegall Street

Donnelly's Entry Dorset Street Downshire Place Drake's Lane

Drew's Entry Driver's Square

Drummond's or Drummonds Court

Dublin New Road Dublin Road

Duffield's Court Duffy's Court Duke Street Dunbar Street

See Blue Bell Entry.

Near Smithfield Square (q.v.), site unknown. Dalton's Entry 1823 (Benn, 1823, 295). Near Rosemary Street (q.v.), site unknown. Dalzell's Row 1777 (BNL 11.3.1777). Mill Dam Side 1823 (Benn, 1823, 296). Dam Side c. 1830 (OS). => Location unknown. Daniel Street 1813 (BSD). See Queen Street. Near Chichester Street (q.v.), site unknown. David's Lane 1835 (Matier). (33453805). Unnamed 1833 (OS). Davidson's Entry 1837 (Val.). => Location unknown. Davies Street 1837 (Val.). Diet's Entry 1823 (Benn, 1823, 293). Dyers Entry 1837 (Val.). =*> Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1). M i l l Street 1692 (Deeds 2, 124a). The way to Millford 1696 (Belfast map). Unnamed c. 1708 (Pratt). M i l l Street 1715 (Maclanachan). Millgate 1752 (BNL 28.11.1752). M i l l Street 1757 (Town plan), 1783 (Dobbs plan 2), 1788 (Mulholland), 1791 (Williamson), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Barrack Street c. 1830 (OS). => Onocks Pass 1696 (Belfast map). 'Intended street' 1788 (Mulholland). Falls Road 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1696 (Belfast map). Falls Road 1761 (BNL 7.8.1761). 'To the Falls' 1781 (Dobbs plan 1). Falls Road 1788 (Mulholland), 1789 (Lawson), 1790 (Smyth). Cripple Row 1791 (Williamson). From Crumlin 1833 (OS). => Location unknown. Dock Court 1837 (Val.). (43905445). Dock Lane 1835 (Matier). =s> Unnamed 1815 (Mason). Dock Street c. 1830 (OS). => Near High Street (q.v.), site unknown. Doctor Dobbin's Entry 1756 (BNL 13.2.1756). Donaldson's Entry 1813 (BSD), c. 1830 (OS), 1837 (Val.). =>

Donegall Lane 1804 (PRONI, D652/662). Unnamed 1822 (Benn plan 1). Donegall Lane c. 1830 (OS). => Cut through Cromac Woods 1666 (Marshall, 1938, 10). Unnamed 1783 (Dobbs plan 2). Pass Loaning 1791 (Williamson). Donegall Pass c. 1830 (OS). Donegall Pass or Pass Lane 1837 (Cuming). Donegall Pass 1838 (Beatty). => Planned in 1784 (BNL 7.5.1784). Linen Hall Street 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson). The Flags c. 1800 (BT 1.12.1934). Donegall Place 1805 (BNL 2.7.1805), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS), 1837 (Val.). => Black Staff Road 1783 (Dobbs plan 2). Black Staff 1784 (BNL 9.7.1784). Black Staff Loney 1795 (Marshall, 1938, 11). Blackstaff Lane 1833 (OS). => Wesley Place 1838 (Jeffery, 13). => Donegall Square East 1813 (BSD), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => Unnamed, intended 1815 (Mason), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). Stable Lane 1832 (McClean). South Parade c. 1800 (BT 1.12.1934). Donegall Square North 1806 (BNL 7.1.1806), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => Donegall Square South 1808 (BNL 12.2.1808), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => Donegall Square West 1813 (BSD), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => Laid out in 1754 (Marshall, 1938, 11). Linen Hall Street 1756 (BNL 18.6.1756). Linenhall Street 1757 (Town plan). Donegall Street 1788 (Mulholland), 1789 (Lawson), 1790 (Smyth). Donegal Street 1791 (Williamson). Donegall Street 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => Location unknown. Donnelly's Entry 1837 (Val.). Location unknown. Dorset Street 1767 (BNL 17.2.1767). Downshire Place 1839 (Martin). => (38155130). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Drake's Lane 1839 (Martin). => See Castle Arcade. Near Arthur Square (q.v.), site unknown. Driver's Square 1807 (BNL 28.4.1807). Drummond's Court 1823 (Benn, 1823, 295). Drummonds Court c. 1830 (OS), 1837 (Val.). => See Great Victoria Street. Laid out in c. 1809 (Patton, 137). Dublin Road 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Part proposed as Leonard Street 1832 (McClean). Road from Lisburn c. 1830 (OS). For other Dublin Roads, see Durham Street, Great Victoria Street. => Location unknown. Duffield's Court 1837 (Val.). See Winetavern Street Place. See York Street [north]. Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1696 (Belfast map), 1715 (Maclanachan), 1757 (Town plan). Back Plantation 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson). Grattan Street 1808 (BNL 6.12.1808). Gratton Street 1815 (Mason). Grattan Street 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Gratton Street 1822 (Benn plan 1). Grattan Street c. 1830 (OS). =>

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Dunbar's Court

Dunore Street Durham Court Durham Lane Durham Place

Durham Street [north]

Durham Street [south]

Dyers Entry Eagleson's Row Earl Lane Earl Street

East Bridge Street East Street Economy Place Edward Row Edward Street

Elbow Lane

Eliza Street Eliza's Court Ellen's Court Elliot or Elliot's Court Entry Erskine's Court Ewart Street Exchange Alley Exchange Place

Exchange Street

Exchange Street West

Factory Row Fall's Court Falls Road

Ferguson's Court Ferguson's or

Fergusons Entry Ferguson's Row Fisher's Row Fisherwick Place

Fivey's Entry Flags, The Fleet Court Fleet Street Forcade's Entry

Fore Plantation Forest, Forest's or

Forrest Lane

Foundry Lane or Row Fountain Lane

Fountain Mews Fountain Street

Fountain Yard Four Corners

Foxes Row Francis Court Francis Street

Franklin Street

Near Grattan Street (q.v.), site unknown. Dunbar's Court 1837 (Vol.). Location unknown. Dunore Street 1837 (Val.). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). River's Row 1837 (Val.). => See Erskine's Court. (32204220). Boomer's Place 1823 (Benn, 1823, 296). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Boomer's Lane 1837 (Val.). For another Durham Place, see Durham Street [south]. => Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1696 (Belfast map). Highway to Lisburn 1715 (Maclanachan). Road to Dublin 1757 (Town plan). Road to Lisburn 1781 (Dobbs plan 1). Lisburn Road 1788 (Mulholland). Road from Lisburn 1789 (Lawson), 1790 (Smyth). Unnamed 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). Durham Street 1837 (Val.), 1838 (Beatty). => Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1). Road to Dublin 1757 (Town plan). Road to Lisburn 1781 (Dobbs plan 1). Lisburn Road 1788 (Mulholland). Road from Lisburn 1789 (Lawson), 1790 (Smyth). Unnamed 1822 (Benn plan 1). Durham Place c. 1830 (OS). Durham Street 1837 (Val.), 1838 (Beatty). => See Diet's Entry. Location unknown. Eagleson's Row 1813 (BSD). (42255415). Earl Lane 1837 (Val.). (41605395). Earl Street 1815 (Mason). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Earl Street 1838 (Beatty). => Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). May Street 1838 (Beatty). => East Street c. 1830 (OS). => (38555270). Economy Place 1839 (Martin). => Location unknown. Edward Row 1835 (Matier). 'Intended street' 1805 (PRONI, D509/1563). Patrick Street (Patton, 143). Edward Street 1813 (BSD). Joy's Row 1815 (Mason). Edward Street 1819 (Bradshaw plan ), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). Unnamed 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Elbow Lane 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => Eliza Street c. 1830 (OS), 1839 (Martin). => (43203705). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Eliza's Court 1837 (Val.). => See Helen's Court. See Exchange Place. Near Samuel Street (q.v.), site unknown. Entry 1837 (Val.). (33503745). Unnamed 1833 (OS). Durham Lane 1837 (Val.). => See James Street South. See Joy's Entry. Elliot Court 1811 (BNL 26.4.1811), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Elliot's Court c. 1830 (OS). =*> Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1696 (Belfast map); extended W. by 1715 (Maclanachan), 1757 (Town plan). Green Street 1791 (Williamson), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). Unnamed 1789 (Lawson). Robert Street 1813 (BSD), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => See Berry Street. (32454110). Fall's Court 1837 (Val.), 1839 (Martin). 0.5 W. of city. Unnamed 1833 (OS). Falls Road 1837 (Val.). For another Falls Road, see Divis Street. => Ferguson's Court 1813 (BSD), c. 1830 (OS), 1837 (Val.). => See Marquis Street.

Location unknown. Ferguson's Row 1813 (BSD). See North Queen Street [south]. Unnamed 1822 (Benn plan 1). Fisherwick Place 1825 (PRONI, D509/2256), c. 1830 (OS). => Location unknown. Fivey's Entry 1760 (BNL 29.4.1760). See Donegall Place. Location unknown. Fleet Court 1837 (Val.). (43905450). Fleet Street 1837 (Val.). => Unnamed 1791 (Williamson). Forcade's Entry c. 1830 (OS), 1837 (Val). =* See Corporation Street. Unnamed 1757 (Town plan). Forest's Lane 1759 (BNL 4.1.1759). Forest Lane 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth). Forrest Lane 1791 (Williamson). Forest Lane 1803 (BNL 17.6.1803), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Forrest Lane c. 1830 (OS). See Hi l l Street. Stable Lane 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth). Unnamed 1791 (Williamson). Fountain Lane 1813 (BSD), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1823 (Benn, 1823, 293), c. 1830 (OS). => See College Street Mews. Stable Lane Mall 1788 (Mulholland). Unnamed 1789 (Lawson). Stable Lane 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson). Lane 1800 (BNL 25.11.1800). Fountain Street 1813 (BSD), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => Location unknown. Fountain Yard 1802 (BNL 12.3.1802). Junction Bridge Street/Donegall Street/North Street/Waring Street. Four corners 1739, 1757, 1778 (BNL 11.5.1739, 18.11.1757, 9.6.1778). (32704050). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Foxes Row 1837 (Val.). => Francis Court c. 1830 (OS). Prince's Street 1790 (Smyth). Francis Street 1801 (BNL 29.5.1801), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => Spencer Street, proposed 1832 (McClean). =>

Frederick Lane Frederick Street

Frederick's Court Friar's Bush Loaning

Friendly Street Fulton's Entry Gallway's Entry Gamble's Court

Gamble's Row

Gamble Street Garden Place Gardiner, Gardner or

Gardner's Street Garmoyle Street

Gass Works Row

Gaw's Entry George, George's or

Georges Lane George's Court or Lane Georges Lean George's Place George's Street Gibb's Court Gibb's Entry Gilbert's Court Givin's Court Glengall Street

Gloucester Street

Goose Lane Goose Street

Gooseberry Corner

Gordon Street

Gowdy's Court

Grace Street Graham's Court Graham's Entry

Graham's Place or Row

Grand Parade Grattan Court Grattan Place Grattan or Gratton Street Great Edward Street Great George's Street

[east]

Great George's Street [west]

Great Mary Street Great Patrick Street

[east]

Great Patrick Street [west]

Great Victoria Street

Green or Green's Court Green Street

Frederick Lane c. 1830 (OS). => Unnamed 1757 (Town plan). Patrick Street 1790 (Smyth). Brewery Lane 1791 (Williamson). Frederick Street 1797 (BNL 3.2.1797), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => (36955015). Black's Court 1823 (Benn, 1823, 295). => Location unknown, probably near Friar's Bush graveyard (see 11 Religion). Friar's Bush Loaning 1790 (BNL 25.5.1790). Friendly Street 1839 (Martin). => Fulton's Entry 1823 (Benn, 1823, 295), c. 1830 (OS). => (33704355). Gallway's Entry 1837 (Val.). => Near Falls Road (q.v.), site unknown. Gamble's Court 1837 (Val.). Near Falls Road (q.v.), site unknown. Gamble's Row 1837 (Val.). Unnamed 1822 (Benn plan 1). Gamble Street c. 1830 (OS). => (40205485). Garden Place 1837 (Val.). Gardner's Street 1813 (BSD). Gardner Street c. 1830 (OS). Gardiner Street 1836 (BNL 29.4.1836). => Corporation Street 1832 (New plan). Garmoyle Street 1835 (Matier). => Location unknown, probably near Ormeau Road (q.v.). Gass Works Row 1837 (Val.). Location unknown. Gaw's Entry 1780 (BNL 24.10.1780). See Montgomery Street [north].

George's Court c. 1830 (OS). George's Lane 1837 (Val.). => See M i l l Field. George's Place c. 1830 (OS), 1835 (Matier). => See Great George's Street. See Gilbert's Court. (37505165). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Gibb's Entry 1837 (Val.). (37605185). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Gibb's Court 1837 (Val.). Location unknown. Givin's Court 1837 (Val.). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Glengall Street 1835 (Matier), 1838 (Beatty). =* Unnamed 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Gloucester Street c. 1830 (OS). =*> See North Street. Location unknown, perhaps same as previous entry. Goose Street 1826 (BNL 12.9.1826). 0.75 km E. of city. Gooseberry Corner 1801 (BNL 13.1.1801). Unnamed 1834 (OS). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1696 (Belfast map); extended W. by 1715 (Maclanachan), 1757 (Town plan). Buller's Row 1767 (PRONI, D509/363, 358-9). Unnamed 1789 (Lawson). Hellars Row 1790 (Smyth). Bullars Row 1791 (Williamson). Buller's Row 1804 (BNL 5.10.1804). Gordon Street 1813 (BSD), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). =* (40104205). Unnamed 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). =*• Grace Street 1813 (BSD), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). Location unknown. Graham's Court 1837 (Val.). Biggars Lane 1701 (RD 9/188/3491). Bigarts Lean 1715 (Maclanachan). Unnamed 1757 (Town plan). McMunns Entry 1754 (PRONI, D298/19). Graham's Entry 1773 (BNL 1.1.1773). Entry 1788 (Mulholland). McMinn's Entry 1791 (Williamson). Grahams Entry 1792 (PRONI, D298/82a), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Graham's Entry c. 1830 (OS). Grimes's Entry 1837 (Val.). => Graham's Row 1823 (Benn, 1823, 294). Graham's Place c. 1830 (OS). See Castle Place. Grattan Court c. 1830 (OS), 1837 (Val.). => (40904700). Grattan Place 1835 (Matier). => See Dunbar Street. See Victoria Street. King Street 1795 (PRONI, D509/943). George's Street 1807 (BNL 14.7.1807). Great George's Street 1813 (BSD). King Street 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan). George's Street 1822 (Benn plan 1). Great George's Street c. 1830 (OS). => George's Street 1807 (BNL 14.7.1807). Great George's Street 1813 (BSD). Georges Street 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan). George's Street 1822 (Benn plan 1). Great George's Street c. 1830 (OS). => See Sussex Place. Patrick Street 1732 (RD 66/484/47755). Unnamed 1757 (Town plan). Patrick Street 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth). New Row 1791 (Williamson). Patrick Street 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Great Patrick Street c. 1830 (OS), 1832 (New plan). => Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1). Patrick Street 1732 (RD 66/484/47755). Unnamed 1757 (Town plan). Patrick Street 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth). Brewery Lane 1791 (Williamson). Patrick Street 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Great Patrick Street c. 1830 (OS), 1832 (New plan). => Unnamed, intended 1822 (Benn plan 1). Dublin Road 1832 (New plan). Road from Lisburn c. 1830 (OS). Botanic Road 1835 (Matier). Dublin New Road 1837 (Val.). Great Victoria Street 1838 (Beatty). => See Green Street Court. See Exchange Street.

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Green Street Court

Greenam's Court Greenfield's Entry Greenland Street Greenmount Street Gregg's Entry, Lane

or Row, or Gregs Row

Gresham Street

Grimes's Entry Grosvenor Road

Hagan's Court or Entry

Halfpenny's Entry

Hall's Court Hamill's Court

Hamill's Entry Hamilton Place Hamilton Street [east]

Hamilton Street [west] Hamilton's Court or

Entry

Hammond Lane

Hammond's Court or Entry, or Hammonds Court

Hanna's Court Hanna's Lane Hanover Street Harklos or Haklous

Lean Harmony Street Harp Entry

Harper's Court Harrisons or

Harrison's Lane Hector Street

Helen's Court

Hellars Row Hemming's Entry Henderson's Court Henrietta Street

Henry or Henry's Square

Henry Place

Henry Street

Herculas, Hercules Lane or Street

Hercules Lane or Place Herison's Lean Hewitt's Court Higglar Court

High Street

High Street Court

Hi l l Hamilton's Avenue Hil l Street

(40454805). Green's Court 1813 (BSD). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Green Court 1835 (Matier). => Location unknown. Greenam's Court 1837 (Val.). Location unknown. Greenfield's Entry 1837 (Val.). Greenland Street 1839 (Martin). => Greenmount Street 1813 (BSD). => Mr Greg's Entry 1776; Gregg's Row 1800 (BNL 13.2.1776, 22.8.1800). Gregg's Entry 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). Gregg's Lane 1813 (BSD). Gregs Row 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Gregg's Lane c. 1830 (OS). => Hudson's Entry 1790 (Smyth). Hudsons Entry 1791 (Williamson), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Hudson's Entry c. 1830 (OS), 1837 (Val.). => See Graham's Entry. College Square 1813 (BSD), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). College Street South 1835 (Matier), 1837 (Val.). College Square South 1838 (Beatty). => (40704655). Hagan's Entry 1813 (BSD). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Hagan's Court 1837 (Patton, 178). =*> Near Millfield (q.v.), site unknown. Halfpenny's Entry 1823 (Benn, 1823,296). See Cross Street. (34104220). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Hamill's Court 1837 (Val.). For Hamill Court, see Hamilton's Court. => See Lettuce Hi l l Court. See next entry. Hamilton Place 1813 (BSD), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), 1823 (Benn, 1823, 294). Cromac Place c. 1830 (OS), 1831 (Donaldson). Hamilton Place 1837 (Val.). Cromac Place 1838 (Beatty). Hamilton Street 1839 (Martin). => Mary Street 1822 (Benn plan 1). Bruce Street c. 1830 (OS). => Hamilton's Court 1811 (BNL 17.9.1811). Hamiltons Entry 1815 (Mason). Hamill Court 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Hamilton's Court 1822 (Benn plan 1). Hamilton's Court, Porter's Court 1823 (Benn, 1823, 293). Hamilton's Court c. 1830 (OS). For another Hamilton's Entry, see McDowell's Court. => Near Church Street (q.v.), site unknown. Hammond Lane 1761 (BNL 2.6.1761). See Castle Arcade.

(31204265). Hanna's Court 1837 (Val.). => (31704720). Hanna's Lane 1839 (Martin). => See Marlborough Street. See Royal Avenue [south].

Arott's Row 1837 (Val.). => Near High Street (q.v.), site unknown. Stewart's Entry 1760; Kyle's Entry 1773; Harp Entry 1786; Kyle's or Harp Entry 1788 (BNL 5.12.1760, 9.7.1773, 25.4.1786, 17.10.1788). Unnamed 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Harper's Court c. 1830 (OS). => See Royal Avenue [south].

Caxton Street 1813 (BSD), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => (41605125). Ellen's Court 1813 (BSD). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Helen's Court 1837 (Val.). See Gordon Street. See Castle Arcade. See Hudson's Court. Henrietta Street 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). For another Henrietta Street, see Clarence Street. => Henry's Square 1823 (Benn, 1823, 294), c. 1830 (OS). Henry Square 1839 (Martin). => Hill Hamilton's Avenue 1826 (Pattison and Pattison). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). => Henry Street 1803 (BNL 25.10.1803), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => See Royal Avenue [mid. south].

See Royal Avenue [south]. See Royal Avenue [mid. south]. Location unknown. Hewitt's Court 1813 (BSD). Near Little Patrick Street (q.v.), site unknown. Higglar Court 1813 (BSD). Plater v i l ' de Belfast 1615 (Benn, 1877, 275). High Street 1656 (PRONI, D509/13), 1668 (Young, 1892, 140). Unnamed, on either side of R. Farset 1685 (Phillips 1), 1696 (Belfast map), c. 1708 (Pratt). High Street 1715 (Maclanachan), 1757 (Town plan), 1783 (Dobbs plan 2), 1788 (Mulholland), 1789 (Lawson), 1790 (Smyth), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). See also 17 Transport: Quay of Belfast, Belfast dock, Hanover Quay; 18 Utilities: Farset culvert. => Mitchell's Entry 1788 (Mulholland). Mitchels Entry 1790 (Smyth). Mitchell Entry 1791 (Williamson). Mitchells Entry 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). See also Martin's Entry. => See Henry Place. Unnamed 1757 (Town plan). Pot-house Entry 1773 (BNL 6.7.1773). Pot House Lane 1788 (Mulholland). Foundry Row (Marshall, 1938, 16). Foundry Lane 1791 (Williamson). Pott House Lane 1801; Hi l l Street 1808 (BNL 10.3.1801, 6.12.1808), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS), 1837 (Val.). =>

Hill's Court Hobson's Row Holmes Court or Lane,

or Holmes's Lane Honey's Square Hope Street [east] Hope Street [west]

Horner's Lane Howard Street

Howard Street South Hudson's Court Hudson's Entry,

or Hudson's Entry or Lane

Hunter's Court or Row

Hunter's Row

Hunter's Starch Yard Hutton's Entry Institution Place Ireland's Entry Jacobson's Court Jacobson's Entry

James Court or Lane

James Hughes' New Entry James Lane

James or James's Place

James or James's Street James Street South

See McClenaghans Court. Location unknown. Hobson's Row 1837 (Val.). => Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Holmes Lane 1835 (Matier). Holmes's Lane 1837 (Val.). => Location unknown. Honey's Square 1813 (BSD). Laid out by 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Unnamed 1833 (OS). => Laid out by 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Unnamed 1833 (OS). M i l l Lane 1837 (Val.). => See Gordon Street. Unnamed 1819 (Bradshaw plan), c. 1830 (OS). Howard Street 1832 (McClean), 1837 (Val.), 1838 (Beatty). =» South Howard Street 1837 (Val.). => Henderson's Court c. 1830 (OS). => See Gresham Street.

James's Pass James's Street Lower Jane Street John Street

Johnny's, Johny's or Joney's Entry

John's Court

John's or Johney's Court

Johnston's Court (1)

Johnston's Court (2) Johnston's Entry Johnstone's Court

Joy Street

Joy's Court Joy's or Joys Entry

Joy's Lane Joy's Row Katherine Street Keenan's Row

Kennedy's Court

Kennedy's Entry (1) Kennedy's Entry (2)

Kennedy's Row

Kent Street

King or King's Street

King's Court King's Street Court King's Yard Kyle's Entry

Near Millfield (q.v.), site unknown. Hunter's Court 1823 (Benn, 1823, 296). Hunter's Row 1837 (Val.). See also next entry. (37055640). Hunter's Row 1837 (Val.). See also previous entry. => Hunter's Starch Yard c. 1830 (OS), 1837 (Val.). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Hutton's Entry 1837 (Val.). => Bays Lane 1788 (Mulholland). Institution Place c. 1830 (OS). => Ireland's Entry 1827 (BNL 21.9.1827), c. 1830 (OS). See Queen Street Court. Location unknown, perhaps same as Queen Street Court (q.v.). Jacobson's Entry 1835 (BNL 20.2.1835). James Court c. 1830 (OS), 1835 (Matier). James Lane 1837 (Val.). For another James Lane, see next entry. => See Sugar House Entry. James Lane c. 1830 (OS). For another James Lane, see previous entry. => James's Place 1812 (BNL 25.9.1812). James Place 1823 (Benn, 1823,294), c. 1830 (OS). See Corporation Street [south]. Unnamed, intended 1815 (Mason), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Ewart Street, intended 1832 (McClean). South James Street 1837 (Val.). => (40903380). James's Pass 1837 (Val.). => Location unknown. James's Street Lower 1813 (BSD). Location unknown. Jane Street 1834 (BNL 27.6.1834). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1696 (Belfast map). Lettice Hi l l 1702, 1716 (Benn, 1877, 531). Unnamed 1757 (Town plan). Beggars Row 1791 (Williamson). Lettice Lane 1800; Lettuce Hi l l 1801 (BNL 23.12.1800, 7.4.1801). Unnamed 1822 (Benn plan 1). Lettice Lane 1823 (Benn, 1823, 293). Lettuce Hi l l 1831 (Donaldson), c. 1830 (OS), 1837 (Val.). For another John Street, see Royal Avenue [north], Royal Avenue [mid. north]. => Johnny's Entry 1823 (Benn, 1823, 294), c. 1830 (OS). Johny's or Joney's Entry 1837 (Val.). Johny's Entry 1839 (Martin). => M'Meekan's Entry or John's Court 1823 (Benn, 1823, 294). John's Court c. 1830 (OS), 1837 (Val.). => John's Court c. 1830 (OS). Johney's Court 1835 (Matier).

(34854580). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Johnston's Court 1837 (Val.). => (42104065). Johnston's Court 1837 (Val.). => Location unknown. Johnston's Entry 1757 (BNL 3.6.1757). (32404145). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Johnstone's Court 1837 (Val.), 1839 (Martin). => Joy Street, intended 1815 (Mason), 1822 (Benn plan 1); built by c. 1830 (OS). => Joy's Court 1805 (BNL 5.7.1805), c. 1830 (OS). => Exchange Alley 1733 (PRONI, D354/295-6), 1744 (RD 106/560/75546). Unnamed 1757 (Town plan). Joy's Entry 1772 (BNL 17.3.1772). Bulger's Entry 1788 (Mulholland). Joys Entry 1790 (Smyth). McKittrick's Entry 1791 (Williamson). Exchange Alley 1792 (BNL 15.6.1792). Joy's Entry 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Joys Entry 1822 (Benn plan 1). Joy's Entry c. 1830 (OS). => Location unknown. Joy's Lane 1837 (Val.). See Edward Street. See Ann Street. Near Rosemary Street (q.v.), site unknown. Keenan's Row 1823 (Benn, 1823, 295). (36804645). Kennedy's Court 1813 (BSD). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Kennedy's Court 1837 (Val.). => Kennedy's Entry 1823 (Benn, 1823, 295), c. 1830 (OS). =t> Near Rosemary Street (q.v.), site unknown. Kennedy's Entry 1823 (Benn, 1823, 295). Kennedy's Row 1813 (BSD), 1823 (Benn, 1823, 294), c. 1830 (OS). => Margaret Street 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson). Market Street 1793 (PRONI, D509/858). Margaret Street, Market Lane 1813 (BSD). Margaret Street 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). [Part altered to] Kent Street 1837 (Val.); 1838 (Beatty). => Unnamed 1791; King Street 1804 (PRONI, D509/1542), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). King's Street c. 1830 (OS). For another King Street, see Great George's Street [east]. => King's Court 1813 (BSD), c. 1830 (OS). => (35004250). King's Street Court 1835 (Matier). => Location unknown. King's Yard 1837 (Val.). See Harp Entry.

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Laganbank Road Lagan Court or Lane Lagan Place North Lagan Street Lancaster Lane

Lancaster Street

Lane (1) Lane (2) Lane (3) Larry's Entry Law's Court, Entry

or Lane Law's Court or Entry Leathes Lane or Lean Legs, Legge's, Leggs or

Legg's Lane

Lennon's Court Lennon's Lane Lenox's Court Leonard Street Lepper Street Lettice, Lettuce Hil l

or Lane Lettuce Hi l l Court Lewis's Court Lewis's Entry

Library Street

Liddie's or Lady Court

Lime Kiln Dock Lime Kiln Row Lime Street

Linenhall Lane Linen Hall Street

Linen Hall Street West Lisburn Road or New

Lisburn Road

Little Britain Street

Little Corporation Street

Little Donegall Street

Little Duke Street Little Edward Street Little George or

George's Street Little John Street Little Lane Little May Street

Little Murphy's Street Little Patrick Street

[east]

Little Patrick Street [west]

Little York Street

Lodge Lane or Road

Long Causeway or Close

Long Lane

Long Walk Love's Lane Lower York Street Lyna's Lane

Lagan Bank 1837 (Val.). (42653775). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Lagan Court 1837 (Val.). => (47453995). Laid out by 1838 (Beatty). =t> Lagan Street 1832 (BNL 18.5.1832), c. 1830 (OS). => Near Lancaster Street (q.v.), site unknown. Lancaster Lane 1823 (Benn, 1823, 295). Lancaster Street 1813 (BSD), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => (41354875). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1). (42155075). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1). (41854995). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1). See Paradise Row. Law's Entry 1813 (BSD), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Law's Lane c. 1830 (OS). => (37404450). Law's Court 1823 (BNL 16.5.1823). => See Quay Lane. Clugston's Entry or Clurton's Lean 1715 (Maclanachan). Clogsons Entry 1727; Clugstons Entry 1735 (Funeral register, 33, 42). Clugston's Entry 1753; Legg's Lane, formerly Clugston's Entry 1771 (BNL 3.4.1753, 16.4.1771). Unnamed 1790 (Smyth). White's Entry 1791 (Williamson). Leggs Lane 1815 (Mason). Legs Lane 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Leggs Lane 1822 (Benn plan 1). Legge's Lane c. 1830 (OS). => Location unknown. Lennon's Court 1837 (Val.). (42404050). Lennon's Lane 1837 (Val.), 1839 (Martin). => Location unknown. Lenox's Court 1813 (BSD). See Dublin Road. Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). => See John Street.

(33854290). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Hamill's Entry 1837 (Val.). =* (33004695). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Lewis's Court 1837 (Val.). => Near High Street (q.v.), site unknown. Lewis's Entry 1762, 1768 (BNL 5.2.1762, 30.10.1768). Mustard Street 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). (36304915). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Liddie's or Lady Court 1837 (Val.). => See Albert Square. Location unknown. Lime Kiln Row 1837 (Val.). (34004785). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). McClelland's Lane 1839 (Martin). => See Academy Street. Linen Hall Street 1815 (Mason); under construction 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Linen Hall Street c. 1830 (OS). For other Linen Hall Streets, see Donegall Place, Donegall Street. => Unnamed 1822 (Benn plan 1), 1833 (OS). => Lisburn Road 1817 (McTear, 173), c. 1825 (Gaffikin, 7). Road from Lisburn c. 1830 (OS). For another Lisburn Road, see University Road. => Near York Street (q.v.), site unknown. Little Britain Street 1816 (BNL 13.2.1816). Nile Street c. 1830 (OS). Little Corporation Street 1835 (Matier). => Stable Lane 1788 (Mulholland). Little Donegal Street 1791 (Williamson). Little Donegall Street 1806 (BNL 25.3.1806), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => See Thomas Street. Little Edward Street 1813 (BSD), c. 1830 (OS). Little George's Street 1813 (BSD). Unnamed 1815 (Mason). Little George Street c. 1830 (OS). => Location unknown. Little John Street 1820 (BNL 4.1.1820). See Coal's Alley. Under construction 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Little May Street c. 1830 (OS). => Location unknown. Little Murphy's Street 1837 (Val.). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1715 (Maclanachan), 1791 (Williamson). Thomas Street 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Little Patrick Street c. 1830 (OS). Thomas Street 1815 (Mason). Little Patrick Street 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). Little York Street 1813 (BSD), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1690 (Goubet), 1696 (Belfast map). Highway to Lodge 1715 (Maclanachan). Unnamed 1757 (Town plan). Lodge Road 1788 (Mulholland), 1789 (Lawson), 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson). Lodge Lane 1813 (BSD), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). Lodge Lane, inner part of Old Lodge Road 1837 (Val.). Lodge Lane 1838 (Beatty). For another Lodge Road, see New Lodge Road. => See Shankill Road.

Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), c. 1708 (Pratt). Bigarts Lean or Back Ramps Street 1715 (Maclanachan). Loang Lean 1719 (Funeral register, 21). Unnamed 1757 (Town plan). Long Lane 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). For another Long Lane, see York Street. => See Shankill Road. Unnamed 1834 (OS). => See York Street [north]. See Marshall Street.

McAdam's Court or Street

McAreavey's Court

MacAuley's Lane, McAuley's or McCauley's Court

McAuley Street McCartney Street

Macartnie's Lean or Mc Cartney's Lane

McClean's Court or Entry

McClelland's Lane McClenaghans Court McConkey's Court

McConnell's Entry McCoobry's or

McCoubrey's Entry McCrea's or McRea's

Entry McCrea's Entry or

McCrey's Court McCutcheon's Court

or Entry McDougald's or

McDougall's Court McDowell's Court

McGrady's Court or Entry

Mclvor's Place McKenna's Place

McKenzie's Row McKibben's Court

McKinstry's Entry

McKittrick's Entry McLaughlin's Court McLoughlin's Court

McMahon's Entry McMaster's Court

McMinn's or McMunns Entry

McTier's Court

Madam's Court Magee's Court Magee's Entry

Magee's or McGhee's Lane

Malbro Street Malone Road or

Turnpike

Marcus Street Margaret Street Market Lane or Street

Market Place Marlboro, Marlbro',

Marlborough or Marlebourough Street

Marquis Street

Marshall Street Marshall's Court Martans Lean Martin's Entry

Mary Ann's Row Mary Street or

Mary's Lane

McAdam's Court 1823 (Benn, 1823, 295), c. 1830 (OS). McAdam's Street 1835 (Matier). => Near Cromac Street (q.v.), site unknown. McAreavey's Court c. 1830 (Patton, 222). (42003650). Macauley's Lane 1823 (Benn, 1823, 294). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). McCauley's Court 1837 (Val.).

Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). McAuley Street 1835 (Matier). Location unknown. McCartney Street 1710, 1714 (RD 3/497/311, 13/210/5616). See Weigh House Lane.

(35704340). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). McClean's Court 1837 (Val.). For another McClean's Court, see North Queen Street Place. => See Lime Street. (36104280). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Hill's Court 1837 (Val.). => (33154605). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). McConkey's Court 1837 (Val.). Location unknown. McConnell's Entry 1837 (Val.). McCoubrey's Entry 1801 (BNL 22.9.1801). McCoobry's Entry c. 1830 (OS), 1831 (Donaldson). => McRea's Entry c. 1830 (OS). McCrea's Entry 1835 (Matier). McRea's Entry 1837 (Val.). Near North Street (q.v.), site unknown. McCrea's Entry 1823 (Benn, 1823, 295). McCrey's Court 1837 (Val.). Near Ann Street (q.v.), site unknown. M'Cutcheon's Entry 1823 (Benn, 1823a, 293). McCutcheon's Court 1837 (Val.). => McDougall's Court c. 1830 (OS). McDougald's Court 1837 (Val.). (33403815). Hamilton's Entry 1813 (BSD). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Hamilton's Entry 1837 (Val.). => (34804455). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). McGrady's Entry 1837 (Val.). => Sackville Street 1839 (Martin). => Near Welsh Street (q.v.), site unknown. McKenna's Place c. 1830 (Patton, 224). => Location unknown. McKenzie's Row 1839 (Martin). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). McKibben's Court c. 1835 (Patton, 224). Near John Street (q.v.), site unknown. McKinstry's Entry 1823 (Benn, 1823, 293). See Joy's Entry. Location unknown. McLaughlin's Court 1837 (Val.). (33153895). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). McLoughlin's Court 1837 (Val.). Location unknown. McMahon's Entry 1813 (BSD). (34354450). McMaster's Court 1813 (BSD), 1823 (Benn, 1823, 296). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). => See Graham's Entry.

(35854695). Mattear's Court 1823 (Benn, 1823, 295). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). McTier's Court 1837 (Val.). Location unknown. Madam's Court 1839 (Martin). (34354445). Magee's Court 1823 (Benn, 1823, 296). Near King Street (q.v.), site unknown. Magee's Entry 1823 (Benn, 1823, 293). =>

Magee's Lane c. 1830 (OS). McGhee's Lane 1837 (Val.). =>

See Marlborough Street.

1 km S. of city. Malone Turnpike 1778 (BNL 31.5.1791). [Road] to Lisburn 1783 (Dobbs plan 2). Malone Road 1791 (BNL 31.5.1791). Old road from Lisburn 1833 (OS). For other Malone Roads, see Durham Street, University Road. => Location unknown. Marcus Street 1839 (Martin). See Kent Street. Market Lane, Market Street 1823 (Benn, 1823, 294). Market Street c. 1830 (OS). For another Market Lane or Street, see Kent Street. => See Corn Market, Donegall Place. Marlebourough Street 1715 (Maclanachan). Hanover Street 1788 (Mulholland). Marlborough Street 1789 (BNL 2.1.1789). Marlbro' Street 1790 (Smyth). Marlboro Street 1791 (Williamson). Malbro Street 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Mulberry Street c. 1830 (OS). Marlborough Street 1831 (Donaldson). => 'New street into Smithfield' 1789 (BNL 9.1.1789). Ferguson's Entry 1790 (Smyth). Marquis Street 1813 (BSD). Fergusons Entry 1815 (Mason). Marquis Street 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS), 1836 (BNL 20.5.1836). => Unnamed 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Lyna's Lane c. 1830 (OS). =*> Marshall's Court c. 1830 (OS). => See Caddell's Entry. Location unknown, perhaps same as High Street Court (q.v.). Martin's Entry 1769 (BNL 5.5.1769). Location unknown. Mary Ann's Row 1813 (BSD). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1696 (Belfast map). Cow Lean 1715 (Maclanachan). Cow Lane 1726 (Deeds 1, 62). Unnamed 1757 (Town plan). Mary's Lane 1767; Cow Lane 1771 (BNL 21.4.1767,5.3.1771). Mary's Lane 1788 (Mulholland). Cow Lane 1791 (Williamson). Mary Street 1808 (Smyth and Lyons), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). For another Mary Street, see Hamilton Street [west]. =>

Irish H

istori

c Tow

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tlas

Royal

Irish A

cade

my

Mary Street South

Massey's Court or Entry

Mateer's or Matier's Court

Mattear's Court Maxwell's Lane May Street [east]

May Street [west]

May's Lane May's Square East Meek's Court or Entry Meeting House Lane Michael Street Middle Path Milewater Road

Milfield Lean, M i l l Field, Millfield Street, Millfield, Millfield Road or Street

Millgate Mi l l Court M i l l Dam Side M i l l Lane Mi l l Row M i l l Street Millar's or Millars Lane

Miller's Court Miller's Entry Mitchel or Mitchell

Street, or Mitchell's Row

Mitchell or Mitchell's Entry

Moffat's Lane Moffat's Street Molenaux, Molineux or

Molyneaux Street Montgomery Street

[north]

Montgomery Street [south]

Mooney's Entry

Morelands Court Morrow's Entry [north] Morrow's Row Moses Lane Mountpottinger Road

Mr Greg's Entry Mrs Byrt's Entry Mrs Hugh's Entry

Mrs Jackson's Entry

Mrs Robert Wilson's Entry

Mulberry Street Mullan's Place Mullen's Corner

Munroe's Court Murray Street Murray or

Murray's Terrace Murney's Row Murphy Court Murphy or Murphy's

Street Murphy Terrace Murphy's Lane

Murphy's Place Murphy's Row

Mustard Street My Lady's Road Neeson's Court Neills Entry Nelson Street

Near Cromac Street (¿7.v.), site unknown. Mary Street South 1823 (Benn, 1823, 294). (33453765). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Massey's Entry 1837 (Val.). Near Cole's Alley (q.v.), site unknown. Mateer's Court 1835 (Matier). Matier's Court 1837 (Val.). See McTier's Court. Location unknown. Maxwell's Lane 1837 (Val.). => May Street, intended 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1); built by c. 1830 (OS). For another May Street, see East Bridge Street. => May Street 1813 (BSD), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). May Street West 1838 (Beatty). For another May Street, see East Bridge Street. (37355130). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). May's Lane 1837 (Val.). => Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). May's Square 1838 (Beatty). => (34054350). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Meek's Entry 1837 (Val.). => Meeting House Lane 1813 (BSD), c. 1830 (OS). => Mitchel Street c. 1830 (OS). Michael Street 1837 (Val.). => Unnamed 1834 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). => Location unknown, probably same as North Queen Street (q.v.). Milewater Road 1805 (BNL 30.4.1805). Unnamed c. 1708 (Pratt). Georges Lane 1715 (Maclanachan). Milfield Lean 1719 (Funeral register, 23). Millfield 1745 (Register, 23.12.1745). Unnamed 1757 (Town plan). Millfield 1771; Millfield Street 1782 (BNL 5.3.1771, 18.6.1782). M i l l Field 1783 (Dobbs plan 2), 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson). Millfield 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). M i l l Field c. 1830 (OS). => See Divis Street [east]. Location unknown. M i l l Court 1812 (BNL 19.5.1812). See Dam Side. See Hope Street [west]. (33353675). M i l l Row 1837 (Val.). See Castle Street [west], Divis Street [east]. Millar's Lane 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Millars Lane 1822 (Benn plan 1). Millar's Lane c. 1830 (OS), 1837 (Val.). => (36204330). Miller's Court 1813 (BSD). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Location unknown. Miller's Entry 1813 (BSD). Mitchell's Row 1823 (Benn, 1823, 295). Mitchel Street 1824 (BNL 12.11.1824). Mitchell Street c. 1830 (OS), 1837 (Val.). For another Mitchel Street, see Michael Street. => See High Street Court.

Location unknown. Moffat's Lane 1837 (Val.). (39255270). Moffat's Street 1837 (Val.). Molyneaux Street c. 1830 (OS). Molineux Street 1833 (Royal com. empl. 2, 75). Molenaux Street 1837 (Val.). => George Lane 1813 (BSD). Unnamed 1819 (Bradshaw plan). George's Lane 1822 (Benn plan 1). George Lane c. 1830 (OS). Georges Lane 1838 (Beatty). => Unnamed 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Montgomery Street 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => Near Grattan Street (q.v.), site unknown. Mooney's Entry 1823 (Benn, 1823, 294). Morelands Court c. 1830 (OS). Morrow's Entry 1813 (BSD), c. 1830 (OS). => Location unknown. Morrow's Row 1813 (BSD). Location unknown. Moses Lane 1837 (Val.; BNL 10.2.1837). 0.25 km E. of city. Mount Pottinger Avenue 1790 (Smyth). Unnamed 1822 (Benn plan 1), 1834 (OS). => See Gregg's Lane. See Byrt's Entry. Near Chichester Quay (see 17 Transport), site unknown. Mrs Hugh's Entry 1795 (BNL 24.4.1795). 'Near the Quays', site unknown. Mrs Jackson's Entry 1778 (BNL 3.2.1778). See Wilson's Court.

See Marlborough Street. Mullan's Place c. 1830 (OS). => Junction North Street/Millfield. Mullen's Corner c. 1825 (Gaffikin, 14). Location unknown. Munroe's Court 1837 (Val.). Murray Street c. 1830 (OS). => Murray's Terrace c. 1830 (OS). Murray Terrace 1836 (BNL 20.5.1836). Location unknown. Murney's Row 1839 (Martin). Location unknown. Murphy Court 1835 (Matier). Murphy Street 1833 (OS). Murphy's Street 1837 (Val.). =>

Location unknown. Murphy Terrace 1835 (Matier). (42503765). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Murphy's Lane 1839 (Martin). => (39955190). Stable Lane 1837 (Val. 1). => Murphy's Row 1823 (Benn, 1823, 293), c. 1830 (OS), 1837 (Val.). See Library Street. 0.25 km E. of city. Unnamed 1834 (OS). Nelson's Court c. 1830 (OS). => (41854505). Neills Entry 1815 (Mason). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1). Oreen's Lane 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth). Point Loning 1791 (Williamson). Point Street 1808 (BNL 8.7.1808). Nelson Street 1815 (Mason), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). =>

Nelson's Court New Barrack Street New Bridge Road New Court New Crumlin Road New Gravel Lane New Lodge Road

New Row

New Shambles Newtown Breda Road Newtownards Road

Nile Street [west]

North King Street North Queen Street

[north]

North Queen Street [south]

North Queen Street Place

North Street [north]

North Street [south]

North Thomas Street O'Bryan's Court O'Hara's Entry Old Barrack Street Old Lodge Road

Old Quay Lane Old Road Old Rope Walk or

Rope Walk Onocks Pass Orange Row

Oreen's Lane Ormeau Place

Ormeau Road

Orr's Court

Orr's Entry

Paper M i l l Lane Parade Paradise Row

Park Street (1) Park Street (2) Parker's Court Pass Lane or Loaning Paterson's or

Patterson's Row, or Pattersons Place

Paterson's Place or Patterson's Court

Patrick Street Patrick's Lane Pelans Court

Nelson's Court c. 1830 (OS). => See North Queen Street [south]. Location unknown. New Bridge Road 1787 (BNL 27.3.1787). (42454825). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). New Court 1837 (Val.). => See Crumlin Road. Location unknown. New Gravel Lane 1811 (BNL 24.11.1811). Lodge Road 1768; Cross Loney 1788 (BNL 3.6.1768, 2.9.1788), 1791 (Williamson). Lodge Road 1815 (Mason). New Lodge Road c. 1830 (OS), 1837 (Val.). New Row 1790 (Smyth), c. 1830 (OS), 1837 (Val). For another New Row, Great Patrick Street [east]. => See South William Street. See Ravenhill Road. 0.5 km E. of city. 'New road from Long Bridge to Newtown' 1757 (BNL 26.4.1757). [Road] to Newtownards 1789 (Lawson), 1790 (Smyth). Newtownards Road 1791 (Williamson). [Road] to Newton Ards c. 1830; unnamed 1834 (OS). => Nile Street 1812 (BNL 17.7.1812), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). For another Nile Street, see Little Corporation Street. => North King Street c. 1830 (OS). [Road] to Carrrickfergus 1768 (Whitworth). Carrick Road 1789 (Lawson). Carrickfergus Road 1791 (Williamson). Road to Carrick 1837 (Val.). See also Milewater Road. => Road to Carrickfergus 1757 (Town plan). Carrickfergus Street 1778 (PRONI, D298/46), 1784 (BNL 26.10.1784). Road to Carrickfergus 1788 (Mulholland). Carrick Road; Fisher's Row 1789 (Lawson; BNL 16.10.1789). Road to Carrickfergus 1790 (Smyth). Fishers Row 1791 (Williamson). Carrickfergus Street, commonly called Carrickfergus Peter's H i l l 1794 (BNL 23.1.1794). Carrickfergus Street 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). North Queen Street c. 1830 (OS). See also Milewater Road. => (38755480). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). McClean's Court 1837 (Val.). Goose Lane 1668; North Street 1671 (Young, 1892, 140, 117). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1690 (Goubet), 1696 (Belfast map). Goose Lane 1707 (Minority accounts, i , ff 4, 6). Unnamed c. 1708 (Pratt). Goose Lean 1715 (Maclanachan), 1757 (Town plan). North Street 1783 (Dobbs plan 2). Goose Lane 1788 (Mulholland). North Street 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson). Goose Lane (BNL 19.7.1805). North Street 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => Goose Lane 1668; North Street 1671 (Young, 1892, 140, 117). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1690 (Goubet), 1696 (Belfast map). Goose Lane 1707 (Minority accounts, i , ff 4, 6). Unnamed c. 1708 (Pratt). North Street 1715 (Maclanachan), 1757 (Town plan), 1783 (Dobbs plan 2), 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => Unnamed 1815 (Mason). North Thomas Street c. 1830 (OS). => See Boyd's Court (2). Location unknown. O'Hara's Entry 1837 (Val.). See Barrack Street. Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1696 (Belfast map), 1757 (Town plan). Lodge Road 1788 (Mulholland), 1789 (Lawson), 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson), 1813 (BSD). Old Lodge Road c. 1830 (OS). See Quay Lane. Location unknown. Old Road 1824 (Pigot). See Royal Avenue [mid north], Royal Avenue [north].

See Divis Street [mid.]. Near Pound Street (q.v.), site unknown. Orange Row 1823 (Benn, 1823, 293). See Nelson Street. (41753260). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Ormeau Place 1835 (Matier). => Unnamed 1783 (Dobbs plan 2), 1791 (Williamson). Road from Lagan Bridge 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Road to Newtown Breda c. 1830 (OS). Cromac Road 1837 (Val.). [Road] to Newtownbreda 1838 (Beatty). => Location unknown, perhaps same as next entry. Orr's Court 1813 (BSD). Orr's Entry 1764, 1800 (BNL 4.5.1764, 31.10.1800), c. 1830 (OS). See Bankmore Street. See Castle Place. Paradise Row c. 1830 (OS), 1837 (Val.). Also known as Larry's Entry (Marshall, 1938, 22). => Location unknown. Park Street 1719 (Donegall rental). Location unknown. Park Street 1772 (BNL 27.3.1772). Location unknown. Parker's Court 1837 (Val.). See Donegall Pass. Patterson's Row 1823 (Benn, 1823, 294). Paterson's Row c. 1830 (OS). Pattersons Place 1837 (Val.), 1839 (Martin).

See Arthur Lane.

See Edward Street, Frederick Street, Great Patrick Street. Patrick's Lane 1813 (BSD), c. 1830 (OS). => (34153690). Watson's Houses 1837 (Val.). =>

Irish H

istori

c Tow

ns A

tlas

Royal

Irish A

cade

my

Pepper Hi l l or Pepper Hi l l Court

Peters or Peter's Hi l l

Peter's Place

Pilot Lane Pilot Street Pinkerton's Court Pinkerton's Row Pipe Lane Plantation, The Plunket's Court Point Loning or Street Police Place Poplar Court Porter House Entry Porter's Court Portland Place Portland Street

Post Office Entry

Potengers Entry, Pottinger Lane or Pottinger's Entry or Lean, or Pottingers Entry

Pot House Lane or Pot-house Entry

Poultry Square Pound Court Pound Loning or Street

Prince's Court

Prince's, Princes or Princess Street

Princes Street Court

Pringles Entry Pump Entry Pump Lane Quay Lane

Queen Street

Queen Street Court

Quigley's Court

Quin's Court

Quin's Entry or Place, or Quinn's Entry

Ramsey's Entry Ravenhill Road

Reas Court Rice's Entry

Riley's Place Ritchey's or

Ritchie's Place or Court

River's Row Road from dam

Robert's Court

Robert Street Robinson Place Rochelle Place Rochford Place

(35604820). Pepper Hi l l 1813 (BSD). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Pepper Hil l Court 1839 (Martin). => Peters Hil l 1680 (Young, 1892,140). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1690 (Goubet). St Peters Walk 1696 (Belfast map). Peter's Hil l 1701 (Young, 1892, 192), 1757 (Town plan). Peters Hi l l 1788 (Mulholland), 1791 (Williamson). St Peter's Hi l l 1790 (Smyth). Peters Hi l l 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Peter's Hi l l c. 1830 (OS). Peters Hil l 1838 (Beatty). => (33754745). Allen's Entry 1801 (BNL 22.9.1801), 1823 (Benn, 1823, 295). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Allen's Court 1839 (Martin). => Location unknown. Pilot Lane 1837 (Val.). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Pilot Street 1837 (Val.). => Location unknown. Pinkerton's Court 1837 (Val.). (38005490). Pinkerton's Row c. 1825 (Gaffikin, 7), 1837 (Val.). => See Winetavern Street. See Corporation Street. Plunket's Court c. 1830 (OS). => See Nelson Street. See Victoria Square [west]. (40954690). Poplar Court 1837 (Val.). => Location unknown. Porter House Entry 1756 (BNL 13.4.1756). See Hamilton's Court. Portland Place c. 1830 (OS). => (39455090). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Portland Street 1835 (Matier). => Location unknown, perhaps off High Street (see 13 Administration: post office). Post Office Entry 1756 (BNL 2.11.1756). Pottinger's Lean 1715 (Maclanachan). Potengers Entry 1726 (Funeral register, 31). Pottinger's Entry 1738 (BNL 20.2.1738). Unnamed 1757 (Town plan). Pottingers Entry 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson), 1815 (Mason). Pottinger Lane 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Pottingers Entry 1822 (Benn plan 1). Pottinger's Entry c. 1830 (OS). => See Hi l l Street.

See Victoria Square [east]. Location unknown. Pound Court 1837 (Val.). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1696 (Belfast map), 1715 (Maclanachan). Pound Street 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth). Pound 1795 (BNL 6.2.1795). Pound Street 1803; Pound Loning 1804 (BNL 15.4.1803, 22.6.1804). Pound Street c. 1830 (OS). => Unnamed 1791 (Williamson), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Prince's Court 1831 (Donaldson), c. 1830 (OS). => Prince's Street 1715 (Maclanachan), 1753 (BNL 4.5.1753). Unnamed 1757 (Town plan). Princes Street 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson). Princess Street 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Prince's Street 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). For another Prince's Street, see Francis Street. => Back Lane 1813 (BSD). Unnamed 1822 (Benn plan 1). Back Lane c. 1830 (OS). => See Crown Entry. (34804475). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Pump Entry 1837 (Val.). Location unknown. Pump Lane 1837 (Val.). Leathes Lean 1715 (Maclanachan). Leathes Lane 1751 (Deeds 1, 96). Unnamed 1757 (Town plan). Old Quay Lane 1767 (PRONI, D509/326). Quay Lane 1790 (Smyth), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => David Street 1806 (PRONI, D509/1610). Queen Street 1808 (Smyth and Lyons), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). For another Queen Street, see Brunswick Street, Upper Queen Street. => (36054245). Jacobson's Court 1823 (Benn, 1823, 293). Jacobsons Court 1837 (Val.). => (43003875). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Quigley's Court 1837 (Val.). => Location unknown, perhaps same as next entry. Quin's Court 1837 (Val.). (39704330). Quin's Entry 1823 (Benn, 1823, 293). Quin's Place 1835 (Matier). => Location unknown. Ramsey's Entry 1791 (BNL 21.6.1791). 0.25 km E. of city. Road from Saintfield 1789 (Lawson). Road from Ballinahinch and Saintfield 1790 (Smyth). Newtown Breda Road 1791 (Williamson). Road from Saintfield 1822 (Benn plan 1). Unnamed 1834 (OS). => Reas Court c. 1830 (OS). => Near North Street (q.v.), site unknown. Rice's Entry 1823 (Benn, 1823, 295). (42503555). Riley's Place 1837 (Val.), 1839 (Martin). =* (36904585). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Ritchey's Place, Ritchie's Place, Ritchie's Court 1837 (Val.). =>

See Durham Court. (42203905). Road from dam 1788 (Mulholland). Unnamed 1791 (Williamson). (36154770). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Robert's Court 1837 (Val.). => See Exchange Street West. Location unknown. Robinson Place 1828 (BNL 19.8.1828). (35554190). Rochelle Place c. 1830 (Patton, 275). =* (35554180). Rochford Place c. 1830 (Patton, 275). =>

Rope Walk Row

Rosebery Road Rosemary Lane,

Loan or Street

Ross's Row Round Entry

Royal Avenue [mid. north]

Royal Avenue [mid. south]

Royal Avenue [north]

Royal Avenue [south]

Rowland Way

Ruet's Entry

Russel or Russell Street Russel's Entry or

Russell Court Sackville Street St Peter's Hi l l or Walk Samuel Street

Sandy Row

Schoolhouse Lane Scotch Row Scott's Court Scott's Row

Seed's Entry

Seven Stars Entry

Seymore or Seymour Lane

Seymore or Seymour Street

Shambles or Shambles Street

Shank Hi l l Row Shankhill or Shankill

Road

Location unknown, perhaps same as Royal Avenue [mid. north], Royal Avenue [north]. Rope Walk Row 1765 (BNL 13.9.1765). N . part, unnamed 1834 (OS). => Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1). Rosemary Lane 1694 (Young, 1892, 171), 1696 (Deeds 1, 107). Rosemary Loan 1715 (Maclanachan). Unnamed 1757 (Town plan). Rosemary Lane 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson). Rosemary Street 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => Location unknown. Ross's Row 1837 (Val.). Round Entry 1756 (BNL 19.10.1756), 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => Old Rope Walk 1715 (Maclanachan). John Street 1788 (Mulholland). Old Rope Walk 1790 (Smyth). John Street 1791 (Williamson), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). See also 15 Manufacturing: rope walk. => Michael Harrison's Lane 1672 (Benn, 1877, 297). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1690 (Goubet), 1696 (Belfast map), c. 1708 (Pratt). Herison's Lean 1715 (Maclanachan). Hercules Lane 1757 (Town plan), 1767 (PRONI, D811/456), 1772 (BNL 15.5.1772). Hercules's Lane 1783 (Dobbs plan 2). Herculas Lane 1788 (Mulholland). Hercules Lane 1791 (Williamson). Hercules Street 1808 (Smyth and Lyons), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). =* Unnamed 1696 (Belfast map), c. 1708 (Pratt). Old Rope Walk 1715 (Maclanachan). Rope Walk 1745 (Register, 22.1.1745). Old Rope Walk 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth). John Street 1791 (Williamson), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). See also: 15 Manufacturing: rope walk. => Michael Harrison's Lane 1672 (Benn, 1877, 297). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1690 (Goubet). Harrisons Lane 1692 (Deeds 1, 48). Unnamed 1696 (Belfast map). Harrisons Lane 1707 (Minority accounts, i , f. 3v). Unnamed c. 1708 (Pratt). Harklos Lean 1728; Harklous Lean 1735 (Funeral register, 33, 41). Harrison's Lane 1738 (BNL 20.3.1738). Herculese Lane 1756 (Deeds 1, 51). Hercules Lane 1759 (BNL 2.3.1759), 1767 (PRONI, D811/456). Hercules's Lane 1783 (Dobbs plan 2). Hercules Lane 1791 (Williamson). Hercules Street 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Hercules Place c. 1830 (OS). => Tea Lane 1837 (Val.). Partial reconstruction in Ulster Folk Museum, 2003. => Near High Street (q.v.), site unknown. Ruet's Entry 1813 (BNL 26.2.1813). Russell Street 1822 (Benn plan 1). Russel Street c. 1830 (OS). => Russel's Entry 1820 (Patton, 290). Russell's Court c. 1830 (OS). => See Mclvor's Place. See Peter's Hi l l . Samuel Street 1813 (BSD), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => Sandy Row 1783 (Dobbs plan 2). Lisburn Road 1791 (Williamson). Sandy Row c. 1825 (Gaffikin, 6). Unnamed 1833 (OS). Sandy Row 1838 (Beatty). => See Chichester Lane or Street, Church Lane. 0.25 km E. of city. Scotch Row 1834 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). => Scott's Court c. 1830 (OS). => Near Cromac Street (q.v.), site unknown. Scott's Row 1813 (BSD), 1823 (Benn, 1823, 294). Near North Street (q.v.), site unknown. Seed's Entry 1835 (Matier). Near High Street (q.v.), site unknown. Seven Stars Entry 1758 (BNL 25.7.1758). Seymore Lane 1837 (Val.). Seymour Lane 1839 (Martin). =>

Seymour Street c. 1830 (OS). Seymour Street 1838 (Beatty). = See Corn Market.

Seymore Street 1837 (Val.).

Shaw's Entry Sheal's or Sheild's Entry

Ship Street Shore Road

Sinclair's Court

Skepars or Skipars Lane

Location unknown. Shank Hi l l Row 1813 (BSD). Long Walk 1696 (Belfast map). Highway to Antrim 1715 (Maclanachan). Long Causeway 1757; Shankill Road 1760 (BNL 20.5.1757, 1.4.1760). [Road] to Shankil 1768 (Whitworth). Road to Antrim 1781 (Dobbs plan 1). Road from Antrim 1788 (Mulholland). Shankhill Road 1789 (Lawson), 1790 (Smyth). Antrim Road 1791 (Williamson). Shankill Road 1795 (BNL 14.9.1795). Antrim Road 1815 (Mason). Shankle Road 1824 (Pigot). Old road from Antrim and Crumlin c. 1830 (OS). [Road] from Antrim 1838 (Beatty). => Location unknown. Shaw's Entry 1755 (BNL 14.10.1755). (35504800). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Sheal's Entry 1839 (Martin). => Unnamed 1815 (Mason). Ship Street c. 1830 (OS). => 2 km N. of city. Shore Road 1778 (BNL 9.10.1778). Unnamed 1833 (OS). => (36004305). Sinclair's Court 1801 (BNL 17.11.1801). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). => See Skipper Street.

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Skinner Row Skinners' Yard Skippars Lean, Skiper

or Skipper Lane or Street, or Skipper's, Skippers or Skippery Lane

Smith Street Smithfield or Smithfield

Square

Smithfield Square North

Smithfield's Court

Snugboro, or Snugborough Court or Entry

Soap Lean South Mews South Parade South William Street

Spamount Speer's Court Spencer Street Springfield Road Squee's Gut Squeeze-gut Entry Stable Lane

Stable Lane or Stable Lane Mall

Stanfield Lane, Place or Street

Stanfield Place Stanhope Street Steam or Steam

M i l l Lane Stephen Street or

Stephen's Row Stephen's Street Stewart Street Stewart's Entry Store Lane

Stormey's or Stormont's Entry

Storr's Court Strand Street Stranmillis Road

Suffern's Entry

Sugar House Entry or Lane

Sussex Place

Sussex Street Sweep's Entry

Taggart's Court

Tait's or Tate's Court

Talbot Street

Tanner's Court

Taylor's Court or Row

Tea Lane Telfair's Court Telfair Street, or

Telfair's Entry or Lane, or Telfer's Entry

Telford's Entry Tenant's or Tennent's

Court

Location unknown. Skinner Row 1769 (BNL 15.8.1769). Skinners' Yard c. 1830 (OS). Skipper Lane 1670 (Benn, 1877, 283). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1). Skiper Lane; Skipper Lane 1694 (Young, 1892, 171; Deeds 1, 55). Unnamed 1696 (Belfast map), c. 1708 (Pratt). Skipars Lean 1715 (Maclanachan). Skepars Lane 1718 {Funeral register, 20). Skippers Lane 1757 (BNL 8.7.1757). Skippery Lane 1788 (Mulholland). Skipper's Lane 1790 (Smyth). Skipper Lane 1791 (Williamson). Skipper Street 1813 (BSD). Skipper Lane 1815 (Mason). Skipper Street 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => (43153745). Smith Street 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). => Smithfield 1788 (Mulholland), 1789 (Lawson), 1790 (Smyth). Smith Field 1791 (Williamson). Smithfield 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => West Street 1790 (Smyth), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS).

(36154555). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Smithfield's Court 1837 (Val.). (39054555). Snugboro 1791 (Williamson). Snugborough Entry 1823 (Benn, 1823, 295). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Snugborough Court 1835 (Matier). => See William Street. South Mews 1806 (BNL 28.3.1806), c. 1830 (OS). See Chichester Street, Donegall Square North. New Shambles 1787 (BNL 6.3.1787). Unnamed 1789 (Lawson), 1791 (Williamson). South William Street 1805 (BNL 31.12.1805). William Street 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). (39255555). Unnamed 1833 (OS). Spa Mount 1835 (Matier). Location unknown. Speer's Court 1837 (Val.). See Franklin Place. 0.75 km W. of city. Springfield Road 1791 (Williamson). => See Bradie's Row. See College Court. Location unknown. Stable Lane 1837 (Val.). For other Stable Lanes, see Calender Street, Castle Lane, Donegall Square Mews, Fountain Lane, Little Donegall Street, Murphy's Place. See Fountain Street.

Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Stanfield Place or Street 1837 (Val.). Stanfield Lane 1839 (Martin). => Stanfield Place 1839 (Martin). Stanhope Street c. 1830 (OS), 1835 (Matier). => Steam Lane c. 1830 (OS). Steam M i l l Lane 1837 (Val.). =>

Unnamed 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Stephen's Row 1823 (Benn, 1823, 295). Stephen Street c. 1830 (OS). => See Adelaide Street. Location unknown. Stewart Street 1817 (BNL 14.2.1817). See Harp Entry. Unnamed 1788 (Mulholland). Broad Lane 1791 (Williamson). Store Lane 1801 (BNL 3.4.1801), 1807 (Smyth and Lyons), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Store Lane 1838 (Beatty). => (33453790). Stormont's Entry 1823 (Benn, 1823, 295). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Stormey's or Telford's Entry 1837 (Val.). Location unknown. Storr's Court 1813 (BSD). Location unknown. Strand Street 1767 (BNL 17.2.1767). 1.5 km S. of city. [Road] to Strand Mills 1783 (Dobbs plan 2). Unnamed 1833 (OS). => (37854560). Suffern's Entry 1807 (BNL 6.3.1807). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). => Sugar House Entry 1766; James Hughes' new entry 1769 (BNL 20.5.1766, 21.4.1769). Sugar House Lane 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Proposed as Great Mary Street 1832 (McClean). => See Clarence Street. Near Millfield (q.v.), site unknown. Sweep's Entry 1823 (Benn, 1823, 296). => Near Mi l l Street (q.v.), site unknown. Taggart's Court 1820 (Patton, 308). Tate's Court 1813 (BSD), 1823 (Benn, 1823, 296). Tait's Court c. 1830 (OS). => Talbot Street 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => (35104460). Tanner's Court 1813 (BSD), 1823 (Benn, 1823, 296). Unnamed 1833 (OS). => Lane from fields 1790 (Smyth). Taylor's Row 1823 (Benn, 1823, 295). Taylor's Court c. 1830 (OS). => See Rowland Way. Location unknown. Telfair's Court 1813 (BSD). Telfair's Lane 1812 (BNL 1.5.1812). Telfair's Entry 1813 (BSD). Telfairs Entry 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Telfer's Entry c. 1830 (OS). =>

See Stormey's Entry. (40404955). Tennent's Court 1823 (Benn, 1823, 294). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Tenant's Court 1837 (Val.). =>

Thomas or Thomas's Court

Thomas or Thomas's Street

Thomas's Lane and Court

Thomson, Thompson or Thompson's Court

Thorp's, Torpes or Tort's Court

Toale's Court Tobacco Walk Tomb Street

Torrens Market Torrens Lane or

Torren's Row Townsend Street

Trafalgar Court

Trafalgar Street

Trimble's Entry

Union Court Union Place Union Street

University Road

Upper Arthur Street

Upper Chichester Street Upper Church Lane

Upper Queen Street

Verner Court Verner, Verner's or

Vernier Lane Verner, Vernier or

Vernor Street

Victoria Square [east]

Victoria Square [west]

Victoria Street

Vinegar Court Wall Street Walker's Court Walker's Entry

Walker's Row Walkers Lane Ward Lane Warehouse Lane

Waren, Waring, Warren, Warring or Wern Street

Washington Street Water Lane Water Street Waterloo Court

Watson's Court Watson's Houses Waugh's Court or Lane Weigh House Lane

Weigh House Street

Thomas's Court 1813 (BSD). Thomas Court 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => Thomas Street 1767 (BNL 13.1.1767). Little Duke Street 1815 (Mason). Thomas Street 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Thomas's Street 1822 (Benn plan 1). Thomas Street c. 1830 (OS). For another Thomas Street, see Little Patrick Street. => Near Thomas Street (see previous entry), site unknown. Thomas's Lane and Court 1823 (Benn, 1823, 295). Thompson's Court 1806 (BNL 4.3.1806). Thompson Court 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Thomson Court 1822 (Benn plan 1). Thompson's Court c. 1830 (OS), 1839 (Martin). For another Thompson's Court or Entry, see Crawford's Court. => See Carrick Hil l Place.

Location unknown. Toale's Court 1837 (Val.). Location unknown. Tobacco Walk 1821 (BNL 27.3.1821). Tomb Street 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). Torrens Market c. 1830 (OS). => Bells Lane 1822 (Benn plan 1). Torrens Lane c. 1830 (OS). Torren's Row 1835 (Matier). ==> Townsend Street c. 1830 (OS), 1835 (Matier). Under construction 1838 (Beatty). => (41605275). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Trafalgar Court 1837 (Val.). Trafalgar Street 1812 (BNL 21.8.1812), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => S. side of High Street (q.v.), site unkown. Trimble's Entry 1764 (BNL 16.10.1764). Union Court c. 1830 (OS). => Union Place 1813 (BSD), c. 1830 (OS). => Planned new passage 1788 (BNL 2.9.1788). Union Street 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => Unnamed 1783 (Dobbs plan 2). Lisburn Road 1791 (Williamson). Unnamed 1833 (OS). Malone Road 1838 (Beatty). => Arthur Street 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), 1838 (Beatty). => See Wellington Place. Church Lane, intended 1819 (Bradshaw plan); 1822 (Benn plan 1). Upper Church Lane c. 1830 (OS). => Unnamed, laid out by 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Queen Street 1822 (Benn plan 1). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Upper Queen Street 1835 (Matier), 1838 (Beatty). => Location unknown. Verner or Blackwood's Court 1837 (Val.). Vernier Lane c. 1830 (OS). Verner Lane 1835 (Matier). Verner's Lane 1837 (Val.). => Vernor Street 1815 (Mason). Unnamed 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Vernier Street c. 1830 (OS). Verner Street 1832 (BNL 18.5.1832). Vernier Street 1835 (Matier). Verner Street 1837 (Val.). => Poultry Square 1812 (BNL 7.1.1812), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => Poultry Square 1812 (BNL 7.1.1812), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). Police Place 1836 (BNL 17.6.1836). => Charlotte Street, laid out in 1819 (BNL 5.1.1819). Great Edward Street 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Great Edward Street 1838 (Beatty). Victoria Street 1839 (Martin). => (41104665). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Vinegar Court 1837 (Val.). => Unnamed 1788 (Mulholland). Wall Street c. 1830 (OS). => See Constabulary Lane. Near Bridge Street (q.v.), site unknown. Walker's Entry c. 1800 ( f i r 27.10.1934). Location unknown. Walker's Row 1837 (Val.). Walkers Lane c. 1830 (OS). => Location unknown. Ward Lane 1837 (Val.). Unnamed 1791 (Williamson). Warehouse Lane 1813 (BSD), c. 1830 (OS). => Broad Street 1619 (PRONI, D271/1), 1670 (Benn, 1877, 283). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1696 (Belfast map). Broad Street 1692; Waring Street 1701 (Deeds 1, 93, 54). Unnamed c. 1708 (Pratt). Broad Street 1715 (Maclanachan), 1726, 1729 (PRONI, D298/5-7). Waring Street 1745 (Register, 11.12.1745). Warren Street 1750; Warring Street or Broad Street 1755 (BNL 25.9.1750, 28.10.1755). Wern Street 1757 (Town plan). Waring Street 1758 (BNL 11.4.1758). Waren Street 1788 (Mulholland). Warren Street 1790 (Smyth). Warring Street 1791 (Williamson). Waring Street 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => (38304925). Washington Street 1838 (BNL 14.9.1838). =* Location unknown. Water Lane 1813 (BSD). See College Street. Near Cromac Street (q.v.), site unknown. Waterloo Court 1831 (Donaldson). Location unknown. Watson's Court 1837 (Val.). See Pelans Court. (36504625). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Waugh's Lane 1837 (Val.). =* Mc Cartney Lane 1711 (RD 20/116/10001). Macartnies Lean 1715 (Maclanachan). Weigh House Lane 1787 (PRONI, D509/689), 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => Location unknown, perhaps same as previous entry. Weigh House Street 1813 (BSD).

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Wellington Lane or Street

Wellington Place

Wellwood Place or Street [east]

Wellwood Street [west] Wesley Court Wesley Place West Street White Cross Yard White Hall Court White's Entry William Street

William's Entry William's Lane William's Place William's Row

Williamson's Court

Wills Place

Wilson's or Wilsons Court or Entry

Wine Cellar Entry

Wine Tavern Court or Lane

Winetavern Street

Winetavern Street Place Woodstock Road

Woodstock Street

Wright's Entry

Wright's Row

York Lane

York Road

York Street [north]

York Street [south]

Wellington Street 1816 (BNL 9.4.1816). Wellington Lane 1823 (Benn, 1823, 294). Wellington Street c. 1830 (OS). => Chichester Street 1810 (PRONI, D652/712). Wellington Place 1813 (BSD). Upper Chichester Street 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Wellington Place 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => Wellwood Place 1837 (Val.). =>

William's Place 1837 (Val.). => Wesley Court 1832 (Patton, 337). => See Donegall Road [west]. See Smithfield Square North. Location unknown. White Cross Yard 1837 (Val.). (31854285). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). => See Leggs Lane. Soap Lean 1715 (Maclanachan). Unnamed 1757 (Town plan). William Street 1790 (Smyth), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). For other William Streets, see Academy Street, South William Street. => See Wilson's Court. William's Lane 1813 (BSD), c. 1830 (OS), 1837 (Val.). => See Wellwood Street [west]. William's Row 1801 (BNL 27.10.1801), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), c. 1830 (OS). => (33154585). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Williamson's Court 1837 (Val.). Near Laganbank Road (q.v.), site unknown. Wills Place 1839 (Martin). => Mrs Robert Wilson's Entry 1778 (BNL 5.5.1778). Wilsons Court 1790 (Smyth). William's Entry 1791 (Williamson). Wilson's Court 1813 (BSD). Wilson's Entry 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Wilsons Entry 1822 (Benn plan 1). Wilson's Entry 1823 (Benn, 1823, 293). Wilson's Court c. 1830 (OS). => Bigarts Ally 1715 (Maclanachan). Wine Cellar Entry 1756 (BNL 18.5.1756). Unnamed 1757 (Town plan). Wine Cellar Entry 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth) 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). => Wine Tavern Court 1813 (BSD). Wine Tavern Lane c. 1830 (OS). Pipe Lane c. 1800 (BT 15.12.1934). Winetavern Street 1808 (BNL 16.8.1808), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Wine Tavern Street c. 1830 (OS). Winetavern Street .1838 (Beatty). (35804615). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Duffy's Court 1837 (Val.). => 0.25 km E. of city. Road to Castlereagh 1790 (Smyth). Castlereagh Road 1791 (Williamson). Unnamed 1834 (OS). => 0.25 km E. of city. Castlereagh Road 1791 (Williamson). Unnamed 1834 (OS). => Near North Street (q.v.), site unknown. Wright's Entry 1823 (Benn, 1823, 295). Location unknown, perhaps same as previous entry. Wright's Row 1823 (BNL 14.2.1823). York Lane 1806 (Marshall, 1938, 31), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). York Road 1815 (Mason). Carrickfergus Road 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). New road to Carrickfergus c. 1830 (OS). =* Lane 1788 (Mulholland). Long Lane 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson). York Street 1803 (BNL 8.2.1803). Duke Street 1811 (PRONI, D509/1765), 1815 (Mason). York Street 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). Lower York Street 1838 (Beatty). => Bigarts Lean or Back Ramps Street 1715 (Maclanachan). Unnamed 1757 (Town plan). Lane 1788 (Mulholland). Long Lane 1790 (Smyth). York Street 1803 (BNL 8.2.1803), 1815 (Mason), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). =*>

11 Religion St Patrick's Church (C. of I.), Shankill Rd N. , 1 km W. of city. Built, possibly on early

medieval site; White Church (ecclesia alba) 1306; White Church of St Patrick of the Ford (ecclesia de Sancti Patricii de vado alba) 1615 (Clarke, i , v i i ; Reeves, 6-7). In ruins 1604 (Cal. pat. rolls. Ire., Jas I , 49). Parish church transferred to Belfast by order in council in 1776. Demolished by 1823 (Benn, 1823, 249).

Churchyard: oldest tombstone 1689 (Benn, 1877, 366); Shankill burying ground 1791 (Williamson); graveyard 1833 (OS). =>

Chapel of the Ford (C. of I.), High St E., on site of later St George's Church (q.v.). The Chapel of the Ford (capella de vado) 1306 (Reeves, 6). Rebuilt as Corporation Church by 1622 (O'Laverty, i i , 403). Old Corporation Church 1645 (Malcolm, 16). Possibly in use as citadel in c. 1651 (see 12 Defence). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1696 (Belfast map), c. 1708 (Pratt). Church of Belfast, 'old and ruinous' 1753 (BNL 6.7.1753). English Church 1757 (Town plan). Closed, demolished in 1774 (BNL 10.5.1774); replaced by St Anne's Church (q.v.).

Churchyard: unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1696 (Belfast map); churchyard 1708 (Minority accounts, i , f. 5), 1715 (Maclanachan); old churchyard 1791 (Williamson); closed for burials in 1800, part sold in 1815 (Cassidy and Lawlor, 56).

Chapel of Croocknock, location unknown, probably between R. Blackstaff and R. Lagan. 1615 (Reeves, 184).

Chapel of Kilpatrick de Maloane, Stranmillis Rd E., site unknown, possibly associated with Friar's Bush graveyard (O'Laverty, i i , 406). 1615 (Reeves, 7).

Friar's Bush graveyard, Stranmillis Rd E., 0.25 km S. of city: Friars Bush 1783 (Dobbs plan 2), 1818, 1827 (BNL 26.5.1818, 15.6.1827); gatehouse 1829 (Larmour, 6); Friars Bush graveyard 1833 (OS); Friars Bush 1837 (Lewis, i , 200). =>

St Anne's Church (Benn, 1823, facing p. 113)

St Anne's Church (C. of I.), Donegall St E., on site of Brown Linen Hall (see 16 Trades and services). Built to replace Chapel of the Ford (q.v.), by 1st marquis of Donegall, cost £10,000, in 1774-6 (Brett, 1985, 5; BNL 8.10.1776). 990 seats 1778 (MacNeice, 8). Church 1783 (Dobbs plan 2), 1788 (Mulholland). St Anns Church 1790 (Smyth). St Ann's Church 1791 (Williamson). Roof repaired in 1794; tower in need of repair 1808 (fi/vX 24.10.1794, 12.8.1808); under repair 1829, 1835, 1839 (BNL 19.6.1829; Barrow, 39; BNL 9.7.1839). Church 1815 (Mason). St Ann's or parish church 1819 (Bradshaw plan). St Ann's Church 1822 (Benn plan 1). 'Most magnificent [building] in the town' 1823 (Benn, 1823, 113). St Ann's Church c. 1830 (OS). Portico added in 1832 (BNL 27.7.1832). St Anns Church 1838 (Beatty). See also 20 Education: St Anne's Church School. =>

St George's Church (C. of. I.), chapel of ease for St Anne's Church (see previous entry), High St S., on site of earlier Chapel of the Ford (q.v.). St George's Church, with classical portico, cost £8,820, opened in 1816 (Lewis, i , 198; BNL 18.6.1816). Chapel of ease 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). St George's Chapel of Ease 1824 (Pigot). St Georges Church c. 1830 (OS). Chapel of ease 1838 (Beatty). See also 20 Education: St George's Chapel of Ease Daily School. =>

St Patrick's Church (C. of I . perpetual curacy), Newtownards Rd N., 0.5 km E. of city. St Patrick's Church, cost £1,500, 560 seats without pew rents, serving poor of Ballymacarret, opened in 1826 (Kerr, 60; Lewis, i , 143); 1828 (BNL 6.6.1828). Church 1834 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). =>

Christ Church (C. of I . perpetual curacy), College Sq. North S. Christs Church c. 1830 (OS). 'Free church', 1,600 seats, consecrated in 1833 (BNL 23.7.1833; MacNeice, 11). Christchurch 1837 (Lewis, i , 198). Church 1838 (Beatty). Under repair 1839 (BNL 2.8.1839). See also 20 Education: Christ Church daily school, Christ Church Sunday school. =>

St Mary Magdelene Church (C. of I . perpetual curacy), Donegall Pass N. , associated with Magdelene Asylum (see 22 Residence). Magdalen Chapel 1838 (Beatty). Opened in 1839 (BNL 6.12.1839).

Chapel of ease (C. of I.), Academy St W , in former Methodist meeting house (q.v.). Chapel of ease for St Anne's Church (q.v.), opened in 1839 (Kerr, 85-6). =>

St Matthew's Church (C. of I.), Shankill Rd N. , 1.25 km W. of city. Shankill church 1839 (Malcolm, 16). =>

First Presbyterian Church, Rosemary St N . Congregation formed in 1642; church built in 1672 (Adair, 96; Young, 1892, 271). Unnamed 1696 (Belfast map). Meeting house, yard 1715 (Maclanachan). Closed, rebuilt in 1717 (Benn, 1823, 115). Presbyterian meeting house 1757 (Town plan). Demolished, rebuilt in 1783 (Benn, 1823, 115; BNL 18.4.1783). Dissenting meeting house 1788 (Mulholland). First Congregation 1791 (Williamson), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan). First Congregational Church 1822 (Benn plan 1). First Presbyterian meeting house 1824 (Pigot). Presbyterian meeting houses c. 1830 (OS). Front remodelled in 1833 (Brett, 1985, 6). Meeting house 1838 (Beatty). =>

Second Presbyterian Church, Rosemary St N . Opened in 1708 (Congregations hist., 197). Meeting house, yard 1715 (Maclanachan). Presbyterian meeting house 1757 (Town plan). Dissenting meeting house 1788 (Mulholland). Demolished, rebuilt in 1790 (Benn, 1823, 115). Second Congregation 1791 (Williamson). Meeting house 1806 (BNL 16.9.1806). Second Congregation 1815 (Mason). Second Congregational 1822 (Benn plan 1). Second Presbyterian meeting house 1824 (Pigot). Presbyterian meeting houses c. 1830 (OS). Damaged by fire in 1833 (BNL 1.12.1833). Meeting house 1838 (Beatty). =>

Third Presbyterian Church, Rosemary St N. Opened in 1722 (Benn, 1823, 115). Dissenting meeting house 1788 (Mulholland). Extended in 1803 (Kernohan, 57). Third Congregation 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Third Congregational 1822 (Benn plan 1). Third Presbyterian meeting house 1824 (Pigot). Presbyterian meeting houses c. 1830 (OS). In need of repair 1830 (Kernohan, 57). Demolished, rebuilt, cost £10,000, in 1831 (Malcolm, 16, 95). Meeting house 1838 (Beatty). =>

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First Presbyterian Church (Benn, 1823, facing p. 116)

Seceding meeting house, Berry St S. Opened in 1770 (Bradshaw). Seceders meeting house 1788 (Mulholland), 1815 (Mason). Meeting house 1822 (Benn plan 1). First Seceding meeting house 1824 (Pigot). Meeting house c. 1830 (OS), 1837 (Val.), 1838 (Beatty). Closed, converted to Berry Street Presbyterian Church (¿7.v.), Seceders moved to new premises (see below, Linen Hall Street meeting house) in 1839.

Fourth Presbyterian Church, Donegall St W. New meeting house; congregation drawn from that of Second Presbyterian Church (q.v.) 1791 (Williamson; McConnell, 19). Opened in 1792 (BNL 28.2.1792). Fourth Congregation 1815 (Mason). Meeting house 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Fourth Presbyterian meeting house 1824 (Pigot). Meeting house c. 1830 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). =>

Second Seceding meeting house, Alfred St W. Opened in 1821 (Malcolm, 75). Second Seceding meeting house 1822 (Benn plan 1), 1824 (Pigot). Seceders meeting house c. 1830 (OS). Meeting house 1838 (Beatty). Closed, moved to new premises in 1837-8 (see below, Alfred Street Burghers' Seceding Church. =>

Fisherwick Place Presbyterian Church (Fifth Presbyterian Church), Fisherwick Place W. Built by Thomas Duff, cost £7,000, in 1827 (Lewis, i , 198; Malcolm, 16). Presbyterian meeting house c. 1830 (OS). Meeting house 1838 (Beatty). =>

May Street Presbyterian Church (Sixth Presbyterian Church), May St S. Built for Revd Henry Cooke, cost £9,000, in 1829 (Lewis, i , 198; BNL 20.10.1829). Presbyterian meeting house c. 1830 (OS). Meeting house 1832 (New plan), 1838 (Beatty). See also 20 Education: Presbyterian meeting house school. =>

Townsend Street Presbyterian meeting house (Seventh Presbyterian Church), Townsend St W. Presbyterian meeting house c. 1830 (OS). Primitive meeting house, opened in 1835 (BNL 17.4.1835). Extended in c. 1836 (McConnell, 78). Meeting house 1838 (Beatty). See also 20 Education: Townsend Street Presbyterian church school. =>

First Ballymacarret Presbyterian Church, Albertbridge Rd N., 0.5 km E. of city. Opened in 1837 (BNL 25.4.1837). Meeting house 1838 (Beatty). See also 20 Education: Ballymacarret National School. =>

Alfred Street Burghers' Seceding Church, Alfred St W. (40653870). Built to replace Second Seceding meeting house (q.v.) in 1837-8 (Malcolm, 106). Meeting house 1838 (Beatty). =>

York Street Presbyterian meeting house, York St W. (42255425). Built in 1838; opened in 1839 (BNL 15.6.1838, 22.10.1839). =>

Berry Street Presbyterian Church, Berry St S., in former Seceding meeting house (q.v.). Opened in 1839 (McConnell, 89). =>

Linen Hall Street meeting house (First Secession Anti-Burgher), Linen Hall St W. (39053875). Opened to replace Seceding meeting house, Berry St (q.v.) in 1839 (BNL 22.1.1839). =>

Mass house (R.C.), Castle St, site unknown. Opened in c. 1769 (Rogers and Macaulay, 18-19). Closed, replaced by St Mary's Chapel (see next entry) in 1784.

St Mary's Church (R.C.), Chapel Lane W. Opened to replace mass house (see previous entry) in 1784 (BNL 28.5.1784). Romish chapel 1788 (Mulholland). St Mary's Church 1789 (Lawson). Romish chapel 1790 (Smyth). Chapel 1791 (Williamson). Catholic chapel 1822 (Benn plan 1). Old Roman Catholic chapel 1824 (Pigot). Roman Catholic chapel c. 1830 (OS). Chapel 1838 (Beatty). =>

12

St Patrick's Church (Benn, 1823, facing p. 1 l i

St Patrick's Church (R.C.), Donegall St E. Chapel, consecrated in 1815 (BNL 28.2.1815; Mason). 'One of finest edifices in town' 1823 (Benn, 1823, 118). Catholic chapel 1819 (Bradshaw plan), c. 1830 (OS). R.C. chapel 1838 (Beatty). See also 20 Education: St Patrick's School, Donegall Street Roman Catholic Sunday school. =>

St Matthew's Chapel (R.C), Newtownards Rd S., 0.25 km E. of city. Roman Catholic chapel 1829 (Lewis, i , 143), 1834 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). Rebuilt in 1839 (BNL 9.8.1839). See also 20 Education: Bridge End National School. =>

Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church (R.C), Queen St W. (36354125). 1837 (Val.). => Methodist meeting house, Fountain St E. (37304175). Founded in 1786 (Jeffery, 6).

Methodist meeting 1788 (Mulholland), 1791 (Williamson). Closed by 1800 (BNL 25.11.1800); congregation moved to new premises (see next entry).

Wesleyan Methodist meeting house, Donegall Sq. East E. Opened to replace Methodist meeting house (see previous entry) in 1806 (BNL 14.3.1806). Methodist meeting house 1815 (Mason). Methodist chapel 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). 'Neatly built', 800 seats 1823 (Benn, 1823, 117). First Wesleyan Methodist chapel 1824 (Pigot). Methodist meeting house c. 1830 (OS). Meeting house 1832 (New plan). See also 20 Education: Methodist chapel school. =>

Methodist house, Cotton Court W. Opened in 1816 (BNL 31.5.1816). Chapel 1822 (Benn plan 1). Second Wesleyan Methodist chapel 1824 (Pigot). Methodist house c. 1830 (OS). Chapel 1838 (Beatty). Closed, replaced by Wesleyan Methodist meeting house, Frederick St (q.v.) in c. 1837.

Methodist meeting house, Academy St W. Wesleyan chapel, opened in 1820 (BNL 17.11.1820). 'Neatly built' 1823 (Benn, 1823, 117). Primitive Methodist chapel 1824 (Pigot). Methodist house c. 1830 (OS). Methodist chapel 1836 (BNL 19.2.1836). Meeting house 1838 (Beatty). Closed, converted to chapel of ease (q.v.) for St Anne's Church in 1839.

Primitive Wesleyan chapel, York St E. Opened in 1823 (Malcolm, 17). Methodist house c. 1830 (OS). Meeting house; closed in 1838 (Beatty; BNL 17.7.1838). Converted to Unitarian chapel (q.v.) in c. 1840.

Wesleyan Methodist meeting house, Newtownards Rd S., 0.75 km E. of city. Wesleyan Methodist meeting house 1826 (Jeffery, 12). Methodist meeting house 1834 (OS). Meeting house 1838 (Beatty). =>

Graveyard: 1826 (Jeffery, 12). Methodist meeting house, Newtownards Rd S., 0.75 km E. of city. New Methodist meeting

house 1834 (OS). Meeting house 1838 (Beatty). => Methodist meeting house, Great Patrick St, site unknown. Opened by 1835 (Matier). Wesleyan Methodist meeting house, Frederick St S. (37954970). Opened to replace

Methodist house, Cotton Court (q.v.) in 1837 (BNL 8.9.1837). =* Methodist meeting house, Donegall Rd N . (35203180). 1838 (Jeffery, 13). => Salem Methodist chapel, York St E. (40155120). Meeting house, built in 1838 (Malcolm,

106; Beatty). => Congregational chapel, Donegall St E. Independent meeting house, opened in 1804 (Benn,

1823, 117). Tabernacle 1812 (Wakefield, i i , 593), 1815 (Mason). Independent meeting house 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Evangelical meeting house 1824 (Pigot). Meeting house 1838 (Beatty). See also 20 Education: Deaf and Dumb School. =>

Bethel, Little Donegall St S. (36304890). Independent meeting house 1812 (Wakefield, i i , 593). Bethel 1815 (Mason).

Primitive Seceding meeting house, York St E. Independent meeting house c. 1830 (OS). Meeting house 1838 (Beatty). Primitive Seceding meeting house 1839 (Martin). =s>

Covenanters' meeting house, Linen Hall St West E. Opened in 1804 (Malcolm, 16). Chapel 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Meeting house 1822 (Benn plan 1). Covenanters' meeting house 1824 (Pigot), c. 1830 (OS), 1835 (Matier). Reformed Presbyterian meeting house 1837 (Cuming). Covenanters' meeting house 1838 (Beatty). =>

Covenanters' meeting house, Donegall St, site unknown. Built in 1812 (Wakefield, i i , 593).

Covenanters' meeting house, Grosvenor Rd S. (34653890). Meeting house 1838 (Beatty).

Unitarian chapel, York St E., in former Primitive Wesleyan chapel (q.v.). Opened in 1840 (BNL 14.1.1840). =>

Society of Friends' meeting house, Frederick St N . 'Neat house', built in 1812 (Benn, 1823, 117). Quaker meeting house 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Society of Friends meeting house 1822 (Benn plan 1). Quakers' meeting house 1824 (Pigot), c. 1830 (OS), 1835 (Barrow, 39). Society of Friends meeting house 1837 (Val.). Friends meeting house 1838 (Beatty). Closed, rebuilt in 1839 (BNL 20.8.1839). See also 20 Education: Charles Gregg's classical and English school. =>

Quakers meeting house, North St, site unknown. 1803 (BA), 1812 (Wakefield, i i , 593). Baptist chapel, King St E. (36204230). Opened in 1819 (Malcolm, 17). Baptist meeting

1822 (Benn plan 1). 'Small place of worship' 1823 (Benn, 1823,117). Baptist chapel 1824 (Pigot). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Anabaptist meeting house 1837 (Val.). =>

Primitive meeting house, Hunter's Starch Yard, site unknown. Primitive meeting house 1837 (Val.).

Seamen's Friends chapel (interdenominational), Pilot St S. (44755240). Seamen's Bethel or Seamen's Friends chapel 1838 (BNL 5.5.1838; Beatty). =>

Defence Castle, Castle Place S., site unknown, probably on site of later castle (see next entry).

Castle of the ford 1226 (Lowry, 1867, 51). Destroyed in 1333 (Orpen, 139). Demolished in 1476, 1489 (AU (1), i i i , 258, 340), 1503; rebuilt in 1552 (AFM, v, 1270, 1524). In ruins 1553; rebuilt by 1574 (Benn, 1877, 11, 50-51). In ruins 1603 (Cecil MSS, xv, 169-70). Demolished in 1611 (Benn, 1877, 86).

Castle, Castle Place S., site unknown. Built to replace former castle (see previous entry) by Sir Arthur Chichester in 1611; 40 hearths 1666 (Benn, 1877, 86,741). Unnamed, castle gate 1685 (Phillips 1). Belfast Castle 1690 (Goubet). Unnamed 1696 (Belfast map). Destroyed by fire in 1708 (Young, 1892, xi). Unnamed c. 1708 (Pratt). Castle gate 1710 (Minority accounts, i i , 28). Old castle and garden 1715 (Maclanachan).

Castle gardens: orchard 1635 (Falkiner, 370); garden 1685 (Phillips 1), 1696 (Belfast map), 1767 (BNL 3.1.1767), 1783 (Dobbs plan 2); court, garden 1788 (Mulholland); castle court 1790 (Smyth). =>

Ramparts, earthen, surrounding town to N. , S., and W. Built in c. 1642 (Young, 1892, 23). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1). Banks 1696 (Belfast map). Unnamed c. 1708 (Pratt), 1715 (Maclanachan), 1784 (Benn, 1877, 277). Donegall Street ditch used as dump; cleaned, deepened in 1801 (BNL 28.8.1801, 11.9.1801). Partly excavated (Ex­cavations, 1990, 11).

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Strand Gate, Gordon St (41404635). Bulwark at the Strand 1642 (Young, 1892, 22). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1).

North Gate, North St (37154615). North Gate 1665 (Benn, 1877, 250). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1). North Gate 1690 (Benn, 1877, 179), 1716 (RD 16/434/7900).

M i l l Gate, Castle St (36204290). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1696 (Belfast map). Miller Gate 1701 (Young, 1892, 192). Cows Gate 1718 (Donegall rental). Gate 1757 (Town plan). M i l l Gate 1767 (PRONI, D509/303).

Citadel, High St E., possibly in Chapel of the Ford (see 11 Religion). Grand fort 1651 (Young, 1892, 69).

Citadel, location unknown, perhaps same as previous entry. 1691 (Cal. S.P. dorn., 1691-2, 74).

Barracks, Castle St S. (36504240). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1). Barracks 1696 (Belfast map), 1708 (Young, 1896, 156).

Barracks, Barrack St E. Barrack and yard 1715 (Maclanachan). Rebuilt in 1739 (PRONI, D162/31-2). Barracks for soldiers 1757 (Town plan). In need of repair and extension 1764 (BNL 29.5.1764). Barracks 1783 (Dobbs plan 2), 1788 (Mulholland), 1791 (Williamson). Old barrack 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Closed, converted to military and fever hospital in c. 1825 (see 19 Health). Old barrack 1838 (Beatty). =>

Artillery barracks, Cooney's Court, in former Linen Hall (see 16 Trades and services), associated with gaol (see 13 Administration), site unknown. Artillery barracks 1797 (Malcolm, 49), 1806 (BNL 12.12.1806), c. 1820 (McTear, 78).

Victoria Barracks, North Queen St N . Under construction 1790 (Smyth). Opened in 1796 (BNL 3.6.1796). New barrack 1815 (Mason), 1822 (Benn plan 1). 342 men, 116 women 1823 (Benn, 1823, 295). Infantry barracks c. 1830 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). =>

Artillery barracks, North Queen St N. Artillery barracks opened in c. 1810 (BNL 3.4.1810); 1811 (Dubourdieu plan), 1815 (Mason), c. 1830 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). =>

Magazine, location unknown. 1690 (Cal. S.P. dorn., 1690-1, 33).

Artillery barracks, North Queen St (Benn, 1823, facing p. 99)

13 Administration Town Hall, Corn Market, site unknown. 1639 (Young, 1892, 13), 1654 (Benn, 1877, 140).

Closed, replaced by market house (see 16 Trades and services) in 1664. Custom warehouse, location unknown. 1659 (Benn, 1877, 328-9), c. 1662 (Owen, 14). Custom house, Waring St N . (41104580). Built in 1676; 1678 (Benn, 1877, 329, 247).

Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1). Custom yard 1696 (Belfast map). Closed, replaced in c. 1720 (see next entry).

Custom house, Queen's Sq. S. Built to replace former custom house (see previous entry) in c. 1720 (Owen, 14). Custom house 1769 (BNL 17.2.1769), 1788 (Mulholland), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), c. 1830 (OS), 1835 (Barrow, 39), 1838 (Beatty).

Collector's house, Castle St S. (37704285). 1790 (Smyth). Excise office, Sinclair's Court, site unknown. 1801 (BNL 17.11.1801). Excise office, William St South, site unknown. 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Excise office, Donegall Sq. East, site unknown. 1817 (BA). Excise office, Callender St, site unknown. 1828 (BA). Custom house, Castle Lane, site unknown. 1837 (Val.). Custom house, Corporation St, site unknown. 1837 (Val.). Gaol, location unknown. Dungeon 1685 (Cal. S.P. dom., 1685, 285). Guard house, location unknown. 1715 (Grand jury presentments, 94). Manor gaol, location unknown. 1726 (Young, 1892, 329), 1745 (Register, 24). Black hole, location unknown, perhaps same as next entry. Place of confinement 1774

(BNL 22.4.1774). Black hole, High St S. (39404320). Demolished in c. 1812 (McTear, 355). See also

previous entry. Smithfield prison, Smithfield N. , site unknown. Debtor's prison, planned by earl of

Donegall in 1787 (Benn, 1880, 115; BNL 6.3.1787). Marshalsea prison of Belfast 1817; Smithfield prison 1822 (BNL 9.5.1817, 28.5.1822).

Gaol, Cooney's Court, in former Linen Hall (see 16 Trades and services), associated with artillery barracks (see 12 Defence), site unknown. Gaol 1797 (Malcolm, 49), 1806 (BNL 12.12.1806), c. 1820 (McTear, 78).

Gaol, Marquis St E. (35754340). Temporary prison built in 1812; black hole (BNL 3.7.1812, 29.9.1812; Watch trans.). Jail 1815 (Mason).

House of correction, Howard St S. Built, cost £9,000, in 1817 (BNL 24.3.1815; Malcolm, 72). House of correction 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). House of correction, yards, workhouses, storerooms in rear 1822 (Reid, 176). 45 inmates 1823 (Benn, 1823, 293). House of correction c. 1830 (OS), 1835 (Leigh, 205), 1838 (Beatty). See also below, court house; police barrack, Victoria Sq. =>

Chapel: 1817 (Benn, 1823, 108). => School: 1817 (Benn, 1823, 108).

Post office, High St, site unknown. Opened by 1739 (Benn, 1877, 494); 1758; old post office 1785 (BNL 1.12.1758, 11.2.1785).

Post office, Donegall St, site unknown. 1795 (Benn, 1877, 495). Post office, Skipper St, site unknown. 1795 (BNL 7.9.1795). Converted to stamp office

(q.v.) in 1804. Post office, Church St S. Opened in 1804 (BNL 30.10.1804); 1808 (Smyth and Lyons),

1817 (BA), c. 1830 (OS). Post office, Donegall St E. (38254745). 1838 (Beatty). Stamp office, Skipper St, site unknown, in former post office (q.v.). Converted to stamp

office in 1804 (BNL 30.10.1804). Closed, moved to new premises in 1805 (see next entry).

Stamp office, Donegall St, site unknown. Moved from Skipper St (see previous entry) in 1805 (BNL 10.5.1805). Anthony O'Connor 1808 (Smyth and Lyons).

Stamp office, Arthur St W. Opened by 1819 (BNL 23.7.1819); c. 1830 (OS). Stamp office, Royal Ave, site unknown. 1819 (Bradshaw).

Poor house (Benn, 1823, facing p. 106)

Poor house, Clifton St N . Poor house, built by Robert Joy and Robert Mylne, cost £7,000, in 1771 (Lewis, i , 199). Opened by Belfast Charitable Society in 1774 (Strain, 57). Hospital 1777 (Taylor and Skinner, 5). Infirmary 1781 (Dobbs plan 1). 150 inmates 1783 (BNL 29.7.1783). Poor house 1788 (Mulholland). Poor house and infirmary 1790 (Smyth). Poor house 1791 (Williamson). 90 aged and infirm, 90 children 1795 (BNL 17.8.1795). 110 adults, 141 children 1803 (BA). Extended in 1821, 1825 (Larmour, 1; Strain, 33). Poor house 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS), 1835 (Barrow, 38). 347 inmates 1823 (Benn, 1823, 295). 480 inmates 1837 (Lewis, i , 199); 1838 (Beatty). Clifton House 2002 (OS). See also 15 Manufacturing: cotton manufactory; 18 Utilities: burying ground; 19 Health: asylum, dispensary, infirmary; 20 Education: poor house school. =>

Harbour office, Queen's Sq. N . (43054505). Opened by Ballast Board in 1785 (Bradshaw). Ballast office 1802 (Benn, 1880, 32), 1817 (BA). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Harbour office 1838 (Beatty). =>

King's stores, Queen's Sq. S. (43104510). King's stores, built in 1786 (BNL 14.7.1786); 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth).

King's stores, Callender St, site unknown. 1796 (Young, 1909, 87-8), c. 1800 (BT 17.11.1934).

King's stores, Donegall St, site unknown. 1798 (BNL 13.2.1789). King's stores, Victoria St E., apparently in St George's Market (see 16 Trades and

services). 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Revenue stores, Callender St, site unknown. 1796 (BNL 28.10.1796). Chamber of commerce, Donegall St, site unknown. 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). House of industry, Garfield St E. Opened by Belfast Charitable Society in 1809 (Lewis, i ,

199). House of industry 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS), 1835 (Leigh, 205), 1838 (Beatty). See also 16 Trades and services: Belfast Savings Bank. =>

School: Sunday school opened in 1811 (BNL 3.5.1811). Sovereign's court, Crown Entry, site unknown. 1812 (BNL 30.10.1812). Sovereign's court, Castle Lane, site unknown. 1833 (BA). Court house, Queen's Sq. S., on site of former king's stores (q.v.). 1815 (Mason). Court house, Howard St E., in house of correction (q.v.). 1823 (Benn, 1823, 108). Manor court, Castle Lane, site unknown. 1833 (BA). Police barracks:

Bridge St, site unknown. Police office 1816 (BNL 24.9.1816). Nightly watch and police establishment 1817 (BA). Closed, replaced by Rosemary St police office (see next entry) in 1818.

Rosemary St, site unknown. Opened to replace premises in Bridge St (see previous entry) in 1818 (Griffin, 41). Police office 1826 (BNL 29.12.1826). Nightly watch and police establishment 1828 (BA). Closed, replaced by Victoria Sq. police office in 1832 (see next entry).

Victoria Sq. S. (41054195). Opened to replace premises in Rosemary St (see previous entry) in 1832; alterations made in 1833 (BNL 23.11.1832, 18.1.1833). Police office 1835 (Leigh, 204), 1838 (Beatty). Moved to temporary premises in house of correction (q.v.) in 1838 (Griffin, 43). =>

Marquis St, site unknown. 1833 (BA). Commissioners of police office, Donegall St, site unknown. 1835 (Leigh, 204). Ballymacarret, site unknown. Constabulary police station, closed in c. 1837 (Lewis, i ,

143; Val.). May St, site unknown. 1837 (Val.).

Ulster female penitentiary, York Lane, site unknown, perhaps same as next entry. Opened in 1819 (Malcolm, 75); 1829 (BNL 18.8.1829).

Ulster female penitentiary, Donegall St, site unknown, perhaps same as previous entry. 1828 (BA), 1830 (Hardy, 169).

Female penitentiary, Cromac St, site unknown. 1837 (Val.). Ulster female penitentiary, Brunswick St E. (36553825). Opened in 1839 (Malcolm, 75). => Coast guard barracks, Queen's Sq., site unknown. 1837 (Val.).

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14 Primary production Gardens:

Several, High St, sites unknown. 1669 (Benn, 1877, 247). Several, North St, sites unknown. 1678 (Benn, 1877, 247). High St, site unknown. 1698 (RD 10/154/3265). High St, site unknown. 1711 (RD 8/308/2810). 4, Rosemary St, sites unknown. 1717 (RD 17/267/8782). Castle St, site unknown. Melon garden 1718 (RD 45/69/27864). Princes St Court, site unknown. 1718 (RD 50/205/32637). North St W., site unknown. 1719 (RD 29/109/1627). Skipper Lane, site unknown. 1719 (Donegall rental). Ann St, site unknown. 1727 (RD 52/381/34953). North St, site unknown. 1734 (RD 78/280/55489). Arthur St E. (40704265). Mr Gregg's garden 1783 (Lease plan 2). Castle Lane N. (40154230). Mr Bristow's gardens 1783 (Lease plan 2). Donegall Sq., on site of later White Linen Hall (see 16 Trade and services). Old cherry

garden 1783 (Lease plan 2). Corporation St S. (42504735). Messrs Jones's gardens 1788 (Mulholland), 1790

(Smyth). Institution Place N . (33154245). 1813 (PRONI, D509/1859).

Green, North St E. (39004595). 1696 (Belfast map). Meadows, Coporation St E. (40505170). 1696 (Belfast map). Point fields, York St E. (40505190). 1696 (Belfast map), 1788 (Mulholland), 1791

(Williamson), 1790 (Smyth). Mall fields, M i l l St S. (36203790). Mallfields 1696 (Belfast map). Mall fields 1788

(Muholland), 1790 (Smyth). Bullers fields, Waring St N . (39954670). Governor's fields or park 1709 (RD 3/210/843).

Bullars fields 1715 (Maclanachan). Unnamed 1757 (Town plan). Bullers fields 1788 (Mulholland).

Orchard, High St, site unknown. 1698 (RD10/154/3265). Robin's orchard, Castle St, site unknown. 1718, 1721 (RD 45/69/37864, 50/338/33264). Fish pond, Castle Place S., in castle gardens (see 12 Defence), site unknown. 1702

(Sacheverell, 125). Fishery, R. Lagan at Ballymacarret, site unknown. 1755 (BNL 6.5.1755). Old fish pond, Arthur St E. (40204120). Old fish pond 1783 (Lease plan 2), 1791

(Williamson). Lilliput Nursery Garden, North Queen St E., in grounds of Lilliput Cottage (see 22

Residence). Garden 1760 (Marshall, 1908, 65), 1800; Lilliput Nursery Garden (BNL 5.9.1800, 29.5.1801). See also 21 Entertainment: sea bathing pool.

Nursery, Sandy Row W. (34153610). 1791 (Williamson). Nursery, Church Lane, site unknown. 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Nursery, Church Lane, site unknown. 1839 (Martin). Quarry, limestone, Shankill Rd, site unknown, probably same as next entry. 1772 (BNL

4.8.1772). Quarry, Shankill Rd N. , 0.75 km W. of city, probably same as previous entry. 1833 (OS). Quarry, limestone, North Queen St, near Victoria Barracks (see 12 Defence), site

unknown. 1801 (BNL 16.1.1801).

15 Manufacturing Mil l , location unknown. 1333 (Orpen, 139). Belfast Mills, Divis St N. , 0.25 km W. of city. Fall M i l l 1666 (Benn, 1877, 361). Unnamed

1685 (Phillips 2). Falls Mills 1686, 1698 (Benn, 1877, 360). Belfast Mills 1719 (RD 29/109/16271). Flour mills, mills 1788 (Mulholland). Flour mills, lower mills 1790 (Smyth). Flour mills 1791 (Williamson). Mr Alexander's mills 1806 (Water supply, 79). Partly damaged by fire in 1809 (BNL 13.6.1809). Belfast Flour Mills c. 1820 (McTear, 173). Flour mill 1833 (OS), 1838 (Beatty).

M i l l pond: 1685 (Phillips 2), 1790 (Smyth). Kilns: kiln, corn kiln 1788 (Mulholland); kiln, planting kiln 1790 (Smyth). M i l l dam: mill dam 1788 (Mulholland); dam 1791 (Williamson).

Tuck mill , Barrack St E. (33204275). 1669, 1686 (Benn, 1877, 351, 359-60). M i l l 1696 (Belfast map). Tuck mill 1719 (Donegall rental).

Manor M i l l , Millfield E. M i l l 1671 (Young, 1892, 117). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1). M i l l 1686 (Benn, 1877, 360). Unnamed 1696 (Belfast map). Mills 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth). Flour mill c. 1830 (OS). =>

M i l l pond: unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1); pond 1696 (Belfast map). M i l l race: 1711 (RD 8/233/2669).

Horse dam, Millfield W. (33354425), probably associated with Manor Mi l l (see previous entry). Tuck mill dam, built in 1678-80 (Young, 1892, 138-9). Dam 1696 (Belfast map). Malt mill dam 1715 (Maclanachan). M i l l dam 1779 (BNL 8.6.1779). Horse dam 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth). Dam 1791 (Williamson).

Mi l l , Barrack St W. (32004255). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1). M i l l 1686 (Benn, 1877, 360). Unnamed 1696 (Belfast map).

Corn mill , location unknown. 1686 (Benn, 1877, 359). Woollen mill , Castle St, site unknown. Richard Radcliffe 1712 (Benn, 1877, 351-2). Malt mill , location unknown. 1719 (Grand jury presentments, 238). Malt mill , location unknown. 1724 (Funeral register, 29). Wheat mill , location unknown. 1762 (BNL 26.2.1762). Cunningham, Harrison and Co.'s flour mill , location unknown. 1780 (BNL 26.5.1780). Corn mill , Beersbridge Rd, site unknown, perhaps same as Beersbridge Flour Mills (q.v.).

Owen O'Cork, with kiln 1782 (BNL 22.3.1782). Beersbridge Flour Mills, Beersbridge Rd N., 1.25 km E. of city. Beersbridge Flour Mills

1797 (BNL 25.8.1797). Beer's mills 1834 (OS). Damaged by fire in 1837 (BNL 17.1.1837). See also above, corn mill .

Messrs Gamble's steam flour mill , Waring St, site unknown. Damaged by fire in 1831 (BNL 30.7.1831).

Glenwood Corn and Flour M i l l , Shankill Rd N. , 0.75 km W. of city. Flour mill 1833 (OS). =*

Model Bakery and Flour M i l l , Donegall St E. (38204755). 1839 (Industries of Ire., 67). => Brickfields:

Location unknown. 1611 (Benn, 1877, 86-7). Carrick Hi l l W. (36155025). 1696 (Belfast map). Location unknown. 1698, 1704, 1723, 1735 (Deeds 2, 205-8). Sandy Row, near Saltwater Bridge (see 17 Transport), site unknown. Brick kilns 1752

(RD 153/157/102044).

Locations unknown. Brickkilns 1757 (BNL 12.4.1757). Location unknown. James Young 1760 (BNL 9.12.1760). Location unknown. Henry McAuly 1781 (BNL 15.5.1781). Sandy Row W. Brickyards 1783 (Dobbs plan 2), 1791 (Williamson), 1813 (BSD). Brick

fields 1833 (OS). Location unknown. Robert McCrea 1791, 1800 (BNL 20.5.1791, 13.6.1800). Pound St S. (30903835). 1791 (Williamson). 'Old established' 1816 (BNL 12.3.1816). Durham St, site unknown. 1825 (BNL 19.8.1825). 3, CromacStE. c. 1830 (OS). New Lodge Rd W. c. 1830 (OS). Old Lodge Rd N . c. 1830 (OS). Beersbridge Rd N. , 0.75 km E. of city. 1834 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). Newtownards Rd S., 0.5 km E. of city. 1834 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). Bankmore St N. , adjoining Cromack Mills (see below, paper manufactories). 1836

(BNL 15.3.1836). Brick and tile makers, Cromac Place, site unknown. John Murphy 1839 (Martin). Brick and tile makers, Cromac St, site unknown. William Rogers 1839 (Martin). Brick and tile makers, Victoria St, site unknown. James Lennon 1839 (Martin). Shipyards:

Locations unknown. 1635 (Adair, 42), 1663, 1699 (Benn, 1877, 310, 353). Ritchie's shipyard, Corporation St E. (43904975). Hutchison and McGlynn shipyard

1784 (BNL 16.3.1784). Reopened by William Ritchie in 1791 (Young, 1892, xi i i ; Williamson); 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). W. Ritchies ship yard 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Connell Charles and Son 1824 (Pigot), 1832, 1835 (BNL 18.5.1832, 15.5.1835), 1839 (Martin). See also 17 Transport: Ritchie's dock. =>

Ritchie and McClean's (McLaine's) shipyard, Garmoyle St E. (44755340). 1798 (Moss and Hume, 2). John Ritchie 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). J. Ritchies ship yard 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Ritchie and McClean's shipyard 1820 (BNL 14.3.1820). Ritchie and McLean's ship yard 1822 (Benn plan 1), 1824 (Pigot), 1839 (Martin). New slip dock 1834 (BNL 30.9.1834).

Great George's St, site unknown. Matthew Hunter 1813 (BSD). James Place, site unknown. Matthew Hunter 1813 (BSD). Kirwan and McCune's shipyard, Corporation St E., site unknown. 1838 (Moss and

Hume, 5). Malt kilns:

Location unknown. 1638 (Young, 1892, 10). North St, site unknown. 1710 (RD 8/77/1806). North St, site unknown. 1717 (RD 25/386/13374). North St, site unknown. 1719 (Donegall rental). Peter's Hi l l , site unknown. 1719 (Grand jury presentments, 219). High St N. (40454425). 1767 (PRONI, D509/209). Millfield E. (34654365), associated with brew house (see below, breweries). 1767

(PRONI, D509/242). Damaged by fire in 1773; 'kilnpot' 1778, 1779 (BNL 22.10.1773, 6.3.1778, 8.6.1779).

North St, site unknown. 1776 (BNL 20.9.1776). Millfield, site unknown. 1782 (BNL 18.6.1782). Marlborough St, site unknown. 1789 (BNL 20.2.1789).

Tanneries: Tan house, location unknown. James Smith 1638 (Benn, 1877, 336). Location unknown. 1662 (Young, 1892, 260). Waring St, site unknown. 1670 (Benn, 1877, 283), 1719 (Donegall rental). High St, site unknown. 1719 (Donegall rental). Donegall St E. (39304580). 1767; David McTier 1824 (PRONI, D509/233, 2236). Smithfied Sq. North S. (35304505). 1788 (PRONI, D652/372). Location unknown. McCleery and McKenzie 1789; closed in 1793 (BNL 27.2.1789,

10.9.1793). North St, site unknown. Samuel Law 1789 (BNL 27.2.1789), 1807 (Smyth and Lyons),

1824 (Pigot). North St, site unknown. Samuel Alexander c. 1800 (BT 15.12.1934), 1807 (Smyth and

Lyons). Castle St, site unknown. James Herdman 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Castle St, site unknown. John Barnett 1807 (Smyth and Lyons), 1824 (Pigot). Castle St, site unknown. John McCammon 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Castle St, site unknown. Hugh McKibbin, also glue 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). North St, site unknown. Christopher Hudson 1807 (Smyth and Lyons), 1824 (Pigot). North St, site unknown. James Jamison 1807 (Smyth and Lyons), 1824 (Pigot). North St, site unknown. James Kirker 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). North St, site unknown. James Law 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Castle St N . (35954305). 1824 (Pigot), 1839 (Martin). => Castle St, site unknown. Hugh Montgomery 1824 (Pigot), 1839 (Martin). Castle St, site unknown. John Pentland and Co. 1824 (Pigot). Castle St, site unknown. Sarah Herdman 1824 (Pigot). Barrack St, site unknown. Patrick O'Neill 1824 (Pigot). Castle St, site unknown. William McMullen 1824 (Pigot). King St W. (35004270). Tannery and glue works 1824 (Pigot), 1839 (Martin). => North St, site unknown. James Brown 1824 (Pigot).

Tanyards: Divis St N . (34904375). 1767 (PRONI, D509/186), 1777 (BNL 1.8.1777), 1819

(Bradshaw plan). Tanyard and glue works 1824 (Pigot), 1839 (Martin). => North St N . (35854680). 1767 (PRONI, D652/28). North St S., site unknown. Tanyard and soap works 1767 (PRONI, D509/210), 1782

(BNL 22.2.1782). North St, site unknown. 1767 (PRONI, D509/340-41), 1773, 1799 (BNL 8.5.1773,

1.8.1799). Castle St, site unknown. Smith's 1793, 1799 (BNL 8.2.1793, 3.5.1799). Chapel Lane, site unknown. 1799, 1821 (BNL 3.5.1799, 20.3.1821). Goose St, location unknown. 1826 (BNL 12.9.1826).

Smithies: Location unknown. Edmund Barnes 1639 (Young, 1892, 247). Location unknown. Hugh Boothe 1639 (Young, 1892, 247). Location unknown. John Harden 1647 (Young, 1892, 252). Location unknown. John Kenitye 1647 (Young, 1892, 252). Location unknown. Thomas Gallop 1647 (Young, 1892, 253).

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Location unknown. Thomas Smyth 1647 (Young, 1892, 48, 252). Ann St, site unknown. George Dodd c. 1745 (Register, 11.1.1745). Ann St, site unknown. Hugh Mountford 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Ann St, site unknown. Richard Murdoch 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). Marlborough St, site unknown. James McCartney 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Marlborough St, site unknown. John Brown, anchor smith 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). North St, site unknown. John and James Sloan 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Princes St Court, site unknown. James Ritchie 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Princes St Court, site unknown. John Brown, anchor smith 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Fountain Lane, site unknown, c. 1820 (McTear, 355).

White smithies: Royal Ave E. (37804430). 1784 (PRONI, D509/684). Long Lane, site unknown. William Wilson 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Castle St, site unknown. Michael McCarty, also coach smith 1824 (Pigot). Chapel Lane, site unknown. James Rogers 1824 (Pigot). Cooney's Court, site unknown. John McCurdy 1824 (Pigot). Cooney's Court, site unknown. Peter and John McKeown 1824 (Pigot). Donegall St, site unknown. William McClure 1824 (Pigot). Little Donegall St, site unknown. William Sloan 1824 (Pigot). Princes St Court, site unknown. Moses Carr, also coach smith 1824 (Pigot).

Breweries: Location unknown. 1666 (Benn notes). High St, site unknown. George Martin 1678 (Benn, 1877, 247). Castle St, site unknown. 1719 (Deeds 1,7). Location unknown. 1721, 1723 (Funeral register, 24, 27). Location unknown. 1722 (Deeds 1, 94). North St, site unknown. 1726 (RD 60/428/41789). Patrick St, site unknown. 1732 (RD 66/484/47755). Marlborough St, site unknown. 1738 (RD 93/448/66279). North Queen St, site unknown. David Manson 1752 (Marshall, 1908, 61). Castle St, site unknown. 1757 (Benn, 1877, 538). Near Clifton St, site unknown. Old brewery 1760 (BNL 1.1.1760). Castle St N . (37304295). 1767 (PRONI, D509/157). Millfield E. (34504375). Brew house 1767 (PRONI, D509/242), 1779 (BNL 6.3.1778,

8.6.1779). See also above, malt kiln. Pottinger's Entry, site unknown. 1768 (BNL 18.8.1768). Ann Street Brewery, Ann St N . (43054395). Belfast Brewery 1770, 1773, 1785 (BNL

20.3.1770, 28.9.1773, 18.3.1785). MrTurnley'sbrewery 1790(Smyth), 1802, 1810 (Benn, 1880, 166-7), 1839 (Martin). =>

Location unknown. William Wallace jr 1772 (BNL 3.7.1772). North St, site unknown. 1774, 1787; closed in 1793 (BNL 23.3.1774, 6.3.1787,

16.4.1793). Tomb St W. (42154215). J.J. McConnell's brewery, built in 1776 (Townsend, 145). => North St, site unknown. John Bell 1778; damaged by fire in 1786 (BNL 1.9.1778,

29.12.1786). Bell's brewery c. 1800 (BT 15.12.1934). Donegall St E., in David Manson's school (see 20 Education). 1782 (Marshall, 1908,

65). Donegall St W. (38054735). 1785 (PRONI, D509/650). Belfast Porter Brewery, Smithfield, site unknown. Built in 1787; 1789, 1797 (BNL

20.3.1787, 25.8.1789, 24.4.1797), 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). Closed in 1810 (BNL 23.1.1810).

Thompson's brewery, Royal Ave E. (37704690). 1788 (PRONI, D509/740), 1789 (BNL 16.2.1789).

Napier's brewery, Bank St, site unknown. Converted from Napier's distillery (q.v.) in 1797 (BNL 2.1.1797); c. 1800 (BT 15.12.1934), 1807 (Smyth and Lyons), 1824 (Pigot), 1826 (BNL 21.11.1826).

Ann St, site unknown. Herdman, Gibson and Co. 1807; John Herdman 1808 (Smyth and Lyons).

Castle St, site unknown. John and Thomas Cunningham 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). Chapel Lane, site unknown. 1807 (BNL 26.12.1807). New Brewery Co. 1808 (Smyth

and Lyons). Brewery 1824 (Pigot), 1837 (Val.), 1839 (Martin). North St, site unknown. Samuel Gibson and Co. 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Royal Ave, site unknown. John Bell 1807 (Smyth and Lyons), 1824 (Pigot). Donegall St, site unknown. Clotworthy Dobbin 1813 (BSD). North St, site unknown. James McMeekan 1813 (BSD). Smithfield, site unknown. 1813 (BSD). Victoria St, site unknown. William Stewart 1813 (BSD). Belfast Brewery, Smithfield, site unknown. Damaged by fire in 1816 (BNL 10.5.1816). Royal Ave, site unknown. Stewart and Co. 1824 (Pigot). Smithfield, site unknown. Clotworthy Dobbin 1824 (Pigot), 1839 (Martin). Castle St, site unknown. 1826 (BNL 21.11.1826). High St S. (40054360). 1831 (PRONI, D509/2581). LisburnRd E. 1833 (OS). Cromac St, site unknown. Thomas McKelvey 1839 (Martin). North St, site unknown. John Kane 1839 (Martin). North St, site unknown. McKeown, Coleman and Francis Neeson 1839 (Martin).

Belfast Sugar House, Waring St, site unknown. Sugar house, George Macartney 1683 (Benn, 1877, 332), 1706, 1715 (Minority accounts, i i , ff 2, 13v), 1719 (Benn, 1877, 333), 1735 (Funeral register, 41), 1750 (Benn, 1877, 333). Merged with old sugar house (see next entry) to form Belfast Sugar House in 1810 (Old Belfast, 27).

Old sugar house, Rosemary St S. (37954395). Sugar house 1750 (Benn, 1877, 333), 1755 (PRONI, D509/92). Old sugar houses 1757, 1792; part converted to residence in 1785 (BNL 26.4.1757, 11.5.1792, 1.3.1785). Old sugar house 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). Closed, incorporated into sugar house (see previous entry) in 1810.

New sugar house, Waring St S. (39954480). New sugar house 1756,1772; damaged by fire in 1785 (BNL 10.5.1756, 25.9.1772, 5.11.1785). New sugar house 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons).

New sugar house, Rosemary St, site unknown. New sugar house 1773; Legge and Sinclair 1775; closed, converted to cotton manufactory (q.v.) in 1781 (BNL 26.3.1773, 24.1.1775).

Rope walks: Royal Ave N. (37554690). The old works 1685 (Phillips 1), 1696 (Belfast map). Rope

walk 1715 (Maclanachan), 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth). See also 10 Streets: Royal Ave [mid. north], Royal Ave [north].

Between Castle St and Peter's Hi l l , site unknown. 1710 (RD 4/392/1068). Location unknown. 1728 (Deeds 1, 68). Old rope walk, Tomb St N . (43004690). 1755 (PRONI, D509/2532, 2086). 2 roperie

1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth). Belfast Rope Walk, location unknown. Opened by John McCracken in 1757; 1794

(BNL 1.2.1757, 26.3.1794; Deeds 2, 90), 1796 (BNL 1.4.1796). Location unknown. Thomas Lyle, James McWatters and Co. 1758; 1778 (BNL

6.10.1758, 14.4.1778). Location unknown. Gait and Smith 1784 (Benn, 1823, 103). Mary St, site unknown. 1786 (BNL 30.6.1786). Mountpottinger Rd W., 0.25 km E. of city. New rope walk 1791 (Williamson); 1794,

1796 (BNL 4.4.1794, 4.3.1796), 1834 (OS). 'Extensive' rope yard and sailcloth 1837 (Lewis, i , 143). Rope walk 1838 (Beatty). =>

North Quay, site unknown, perhaps same as next entry. New rope walk 1800 (BNL 26.9.1800).

Queen's Sq. N. , site unknown, perhaps same as previous entry. New Rope Walk Co. 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons).

Peter's Hil l S. c. 1830 (OS), 1837 (Mun. boundary repts), 1838 (Beatty). => Middle Path N. (47554535). 1834 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). Ravenhill Rd E., 0.25 km E. of city. 1834 (OS). Seafords St W., 0.25 km E. of city. 1834 (OS).

Rope works: Location unknown. Thomas Mathews 1764 (BNL 12.6.1764). Great George's St N. , site unknown. James Keenan 1813 (BSD). Queen's Sq. N. , site unknown. Thomas Ekenhead 1824 (Pigot). Waring St, site unknown. George Miller 1824 (Pigot).

Rope, sail, twine and canvas manufactory, Ann St S. (43054335). John Ekenhead, ropemaker 1789 (PRONI, D509/769). Thomas Ekenhead 1807 (Smyth and Lyons), 1813 (BSD).

Rope, sail and canvas manufactory, James St, site unknown. Francis McCracken c. 1800 (BT 17.11.1934), 1807 (Smyth and Lyons), 1813 (BSD), 1824 (Pigot), 1839 (Martin).

Rope, sail and twine manufactory, High St, site unknown. Thomas Moore 1807 (Smyth and Lyons), 1813 (BSD), 1824 (Pigot). James Moor 1839 (Martin).

Rope and canvas manufactory, Donegall St, site unknown. Francis McCracken 1813 (BSD), 1824 (Pigot).

Rope and twine works: North St, site unknown. George Miller 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). North St, site unknown. William Campbell 1807 (Smyth and Lyons), 1813 (BSD), 1824

(Pigot). Waring St, site unknown. Thomas Ferguson 1813 (BSD), 1824 (Pigot). North Queen St, site unknown. James McLoughland 1839 (Martin). North St, site unknown. William Hamilton 1839 (Martin). Prince's St, site unknown. John Hampson 1839 (Martin). Queen's Sq. N. , site unknown. James Lemon 1839 (Martin). Waring St, site unknown. Mrs Miller 1839 (Martin).

Dye works: Castle St, site unknown. 1698 (Benn, 1877, 537). Castle St, site unknown. 1712 (Minority accounts, i , f. lOv). Location unknown. 1714, 1731 (Deeds 1, 125, 126). Castle St, site unknown. 1757 (Benn, 1877, 537). Castle St, site unknown. Charles McClean 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Millfield, site unknown. Robert Bancroft 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). Millfield, site unknown. Thomas English 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Millfield, site unknown. William Bell 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). North St, site unknown. Stephen Daniel 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Falls Rd, site unknown. 'Old established' 1813 (BNL 9.4.1813). Bank St, site unknown. Ann Appleton 1824 (Pigot). Brown Sq., site unknown. Walter Ferrall 1824 (Pigot). Castle St N . (35954305). 1824 (Pigot). => Castle St, site unknown. Thomas Fisher 1824 (Pigot). Corporation St, site unknown. William McCormick 1824 (Pigot). Millfield, site unknown. James McCullough 1824 (Pigot). Peter's Hi l l , site unknown. William Campbell 1824 (Pigot), 1839 (Martin). Sandy Row, near Saltwater Bridge (see 17 Transport), site unknown. James Brady 1824

(Pigot). Winetavern St, site unknown. John Dobbin 1824 (Pigot). Commercial Court, site unknown. Robert Howie and Co. 1839 (Martin). Winetavern St, site unknown. John Green 1839 (Martin).

Pottery, Hi l l St E. (40454550). 1698 (Francis, 2000, 13), 1709 (RD 3/210/843). Closed by 1725; partly excavated (Francis, 2000, 20, 22-33).

Pottery, Little Patrick St, site unknown. 1754 (PRONI, D509/91). China manufactory, Ravenhill Rd W., 0.25 km E. of city. 1791 (Williamson), 1793; closed

in 1799; reopened in 1800 (BNL 22.4.1793, 29.10.1799, 16.12.1800). Closed by 1807; excavated (Francis, 2001).

Coates pottery, Ravenhill Rd W., 0.25 km E. of city. Coates pottery 1791 (Williamson), 1792 (BNL 15.5.1792).

Pottery, Cromac St E. (42053730). 1822 (Benn plan 1). Soap and tallow manufactories:

Waring St, site unknown. Soap boiling house 1712 (Grand jury presentments, 17). Peter's Hi l l , site unknown. Soap boiling house, Brice Smith 1753 (BNL 20.4.1753). Church Lane, site unknown. Alexander Wallane 1755 (BNL 2.12.1755). Donegall St, site unknown. William Stewart 1758 (BNL 24.2.1758). Alexander Finlay's soap and candle works, Ann St S. (40954290). Opened in 1798

(Industries of Ire., 70), 1807 (Smyth and Lyons), 1824 (Pigot), 1825 (Moore, 63), 1828 (PRONI, D509/2449), 1839 (Martin). =>

Pottinger's Entry, site unknown. 1801 (BNL 23.1.1801). Ann St, site unknown. James Bowden 1807 (Smyth and Lyons), 1824 (Pigot). Ann St, site unknown. James Hanratty 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). Ann St, site unknown. John McLister 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Castle St, site unknown. George Huggard 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). Castle St, site unknown. Matthew Steel 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). High St, site unknown. Richard Seed 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). High St, site unknown. Robert Linn and Co. 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons).

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High St, site unknown. Thomas Kirkpatrick 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). North St, site unknown. Nathan Fulton 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). North St, site unknown. Thomas Fletcher 1807 (Smyth and Lyons), 1824 (Pigot). North St, site unknown. Timothy Murray 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Waring St, site unknown. Alexander Bryson 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). High St, site unknown. Charles Seed 1813 (BSD), 1824 (Pigot). Ann St, site unknown. Charles Dickey 1827 (PRONI, D509/2351). Academy St, site unknown. H. Moreland 1839 (Martin). Ann St, site unknown. John Shaw 1839 (Martin). Ann St, site unknown. Samuel Campbell 1839 (Martin). Berry St, site unknown. Thomas Robinson 1839 (Martin). Castle St, site unknown. W. Patterson 1839 (Martin). Grattan St, site unknown. Robert Patterson 1839 (Martin). Great Patrick St, site unknown. John Johnston 1839 (Martin). High St, site unknown. Francis Glenfield 1839 (Martin). High St, site unknown. Thomas Gardner 1839 (Martin). North St, site unknown. Alex Hunter 1839 (Martin). North St, site unknown. Daniel McCann 1839 (Martin). North St, site unknown. Edward Campbell 1839 (Martin). North St, site unknown. Margaret Anderson 1839 (Martin). North St, site unknown. Michael Higgins 1839 (Martin). North St, site unknown. Mrs Greer 1839 (Martin). North St, site unknown. William Hughes 1839 (Martin). North St, site unknown. W. Brown 1839 (Martin). Royal Ave, site unknown. A. Burrows 1839 (Martin). Royal Ave, site unknown. Mrs Campbell 1839 (Martin). Talbot St, site unknown. W B . Allen 1839 (Martin). Victoria St, site unknown. Beatty Mcllveen 1839 (Martin).

Salt works: Location unknown. 1737 (Deeds 1, 65). Location unknown. Old salt pans 1757 (Benn, 1877, 337). Old salt works

1758, 1759 (BNL 11.4.1758, 6.3.1759). Waring St N . (41754605). Salt pan 1757 (Town plan). New salt works 1764 (BNL

8.5.1764). Salt and lime works 1773 (Benn, 1877, 337). Salt pan 1788 (Mulholland). Salt works 1790 (Smyth). Old salt works 1802 (Benn, 1880, 37).

Waring St S. (42154595). Salt pans 1767 (PRONI, D509/326). Closed in 1776; reopened in 1779 (BNL 11.10.1776, 10.12.1779); 1785 (BNL 13.5.1785), 1807 (Smyth and Lyons).

Location unknown. Old salt pan yard 1786 (BNL 25.4.1786). Ballymacarret, site unknown. William Maphet and Co. 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Ballymacarret, site unknown. 'New' 1813 (BSD). Fortescue Gregg 1824 (Pigot).

Closed by 1837 (Lewis, i , 143). Belfast Salt Works, Bridge End N. Belfast Salt Works 1813 (BSD). Salt works 1819

(Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Belfast Salt Works Co. 1824 (Pigot), 1828 (BNL 6.6.1828). Salt works 1834 (OS). Closed by 1837 (Lewis, i , 143). Salt works 1838 (Beatty).

Foundries: Hi l l St E. (39954610). Opened in c. 1741 (BNL 28.12.1787). Abel Hodgkiss 1756

(Marshall, 1938, 16), 1760 (BNL 3.10.1760). Old foundry 1791 (Williamson). Closed in 1798 (BNL 8.1.1798).

Pottinger's Entry, site unknown. 1768 (BNL 18.8.1768). Brass, Fountain St W. (37204260). Opened in 1777 (Coe, 30), 1824 (Pigot), 1835

(Matier). => Newtownards Rd N. , 0.25 km E. of city, associated with glass works, Bridge End (q.v.).

Opened in 1783, 1784 (BNL 18.11.1783, 14.12.1784). Iron foundry 1785 (Harbour plan). New foundry 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson). Extended in 1805 (BNL 22.10.1805); 1811 (Westropp, 32). Bridge End Foundry 1815 (Mason). Foundry 1822 (Benn plan 1). Unnamed 1834 (OS).

Lagan Foundry, Ravenhill Rd W. New foundry 1799, 1801 (BNL 18.6.1799, 6.3.1801). Steam engine built in 1812 (Coe, 41). Coates Foundry 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1824 (Pigot), 1828 (BNL 10.10.1828). Iron works 1834 (OS). Foundry 1836 (BNL 12.4.1836), 1837 (Lewis, i , 143), 1838 (BNL 11.12.1838). See also below, starch works, Ballymacarret. =>

Belfast Foundry, Donegall St W. Opened in 1811 (Lewis, i , 194). Belfast Foundry 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), 1824 (Pigot), c. 1830 (OS), 1837 (Lewis, i , 194), 1839 (Martin). =>

Union St, site unknown, perhaps same as next entry. William Booth 1811 (Coe, 24). North St, site unknown, perhaps same as previous entry. William Booth 1813 (BSD),

1824 (Pigot). Brass, Ann St, site unknown. William and Oswald Reid 1813 (BSD). Brass, Pottinger's Entry, site unknown. Robert Redmond 1813 (BSD). Brass, Ann St, site unknown. William Gibson 1824 (Pigot). Brass, Pottinger's Entry, site unknown. Agnes Redmond 1824 (Pigot). Brass, Queen St, site unknown. John Shaw 1824 (Pigot). Brass, Royal Ave, site unknown. Patrick Law 1824 (Pigot). Hind's foundry, Millfield, site unknown. John Hind 1824 (Pigot). Hind's foundry 1829

(BNL 17.2.1829). Iron, Phoenix Foundry, Great Georges St S. Phoenix Foundry 1824 (Pigot), c. 1830

(OS), 1837 (Lewis, i , 194), 1839 (Martin). => North St, site unknown. John Knox 1824 (Pigot). Iron, Soho Foundry, Townsend St W. (31804545). Opened in 1827 (Coe, 61); 1835

(Malcolm, 105), 1839 (Martin). => Brass, Donegall St, site unknown. Mrs Gibson 1835 (Matier). Brass, Grace St, site unknown. John Nelson 1835 (Matier). Brass, Great Patrick St, site unknown. J. and R. McKinstry 1835 (Matier). Brass, Joy St, site unknown. James Drummond 1835 (Matier). Brass, North St, site unknown. Thomas Sanders 1835 (Matier), 1839 (Martin). Brass, Peter's Hi l l , site unknown. Robert Johnson 1835 (Matier), 1839 (Martin). Brass, Queen St, site unknown. Israel Burrows 1835 (Matier). Brass, Victoria St, site unknown. Bernard McCann 1835 (Matier), 1839 (Martin). Brass, William St, site unknown. Patrick Law 1835 (Matier), 1839 (Martin). Iron, Brown's Sq. W. (33054175). 1835 (Matier), 1839 (Martin). => Millfield, site unknown. McAdam, Currel and Co. 1835 (Matier). Brass, Donegall St E. (39054135). James Cameron 1839 (Martin). =>

Brass, Donegall St, site unknown. Robert Gibson 1839 (Martin). Brass, Fountain St, site unknown. Andrew Law 1839 (Martin). Brass, Little Patrick St, site unknown. John Stafford 1839 (Martin). Brass, Peter's Hi l l N . (34304735). 1839 (Martin). => Brass, Talbot St, site unknown. Richard McKenzie 1839 (Martin). Castle St, site unknown. Milne and Co., lamp manufacturers 1839 (Martin). Hibernia Foundry, Chichester St, site unknown. John Craig and Co. 1839 (Martin). Iron, Eagle Foundry, Victoria Sq., site unknown. Tavers Forbes 1839 (Martin). Union Foundry, Weigh House Lane, site unknown. Alexander Murphy 1839 (Martin).

Copper works: Location unknown. David Young 1746 (BNL 11.11.1746). Linen Hall St, site unknown. Nicholas Hannah 1757 (BNL 20.12.1757). Near market house (see 16 Trades and services), site unknown. David Watson 1758

(BNL 4.8.1758). Moved to Bridge St in 1764 (see next entry). Bridge St, site unknown. Moved from former premises (see previous entry) in 1764,

1766, 1768 (BNL 12.6.1764, 24.1.1766, 4.11.1768). North St, site unknown. Angus Kennedy 1772 (BNL 6.11.1772). Little Patrick St N . (40554970). 1806 (PRONI, D509/1620). Ann St, site unknown. Ludford Wright 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). North St, site unknown. Samuel Stewart 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons).

Copper, tin and sheet-iron works, Queen's Sq. N. , site unknown. Thomas Graham 1801 (BNL 27.2.1801).

Copper and tin works: High St, site unknown. Thomas Graham 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Ann St, site unknown. James Sergison 1839 (Martin). Castle St, site unknown. William and Arthur Coates 1839 (Martin). Corn Market, site unknown. James Ireland 1839 (Martin). Donegall St, site unknown. Edward Bloomfield 1839 (Martin). Great Patrick St, site unknown. William Rogers 1839 (Martin). Little Patrick St, site unknown. David Gamble 1839 (Martin). Little Patrick St, site unknown. Samuel Hutchinson 1839 (Martin). Mary St, site unknown. William McWilliam 1839 (Martin). North St, site unknown. James Anderson 1839 (Martin). Royal Ave, site unknown. James Bloomfield 1839 (Martin). York St, site unknown. William Bloomfield 1839 (Martin).

Paper manufactories: Cromack Mills, Cromac St W. Financed by government grant in 1749 (Dubourdieu,

413); 1750 (BNL 4.12.1750). Mr Joy's mill , mil l dam 1768 (Whitworth). Messrs Joys mill dam 1781 (Dobbs plan 1), 1783 (Dobbs plan 2), 1788 (Mulholland). Paper mill 1789 (Lawson), 1791 (Williamson). Mr Joy's paper mil l 1795 (Water supply, 57). Paper mill 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS), 1837 (Cuming), 1838 (Beatty). =>

Location unknown. Mr Blow's 1777 (BNL 10.10.1777). Location unknown. Arthur Darley 1793 (BNL 4.1.1793). Pottinger's Entry, site unknown. Blow Ward and Co. 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). 60

employed 1812 (Dubourdieu, 414). Blow, Ward and Greenfield 1813 (BSD), 1819; James Blow and Sons 1831 (Greeves, 40). William and Edward Blow 1839 (Martin). =>

Pottinger's Entry, site unknown. Henry Joy 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). Arthur St, site unknown. John Ward 1824 (Pigot). Patrick St, site unknown. James Blow jr 1824 (Pigot). Royal Ave, site unknown. Robert Greenfield 1839 (Martin).

Lime kilns: Location unknown. 1755 (BNL 3.10.1755). Corporation St E. (43755185). 1767 (PRONI, D509/326), 1790 (Smyth). New Lodge Rd, site unknown. Arthur Buntin 1773 (BNL 30.4.1773). Royal Ave, site unknown. Built in 1782 (BNL 30.8.1782). 3, Stranmillis Rd, sites unknown. 1786 (BNL 13.1.1786). Waring St, site unknown. Lime and salt works 1802 (BNL 5.11.1802). Lodge Rd, site unknown. Edward McCullough 1813 (BSD). Belfast Lime Works, Carrick Hi l l , site unknown. 1828 (BNL 4.7.1828).

Gun manufactories: Rosemary St, site unknown. William Pierce 1756 (BNL 26.3.1756). Castle St, site unknown. James McCormick 1759, 1772 (BNL 31.7.1759, 19.6.1772). Castle Arcade, site unknown. Mr Stephens 1778 (BNL 21.4.1778). Ann St, site unknown. Thomas Peele 1782 (BNL 2.4.1782). Arthur St, site unknown. Robert McCormick 1793 (BNL 24.9.1793). Rosemary St, site unknown. Andrew Willson 1803 (BNL 29.3.1803). Rosemary St, site unknown. John Gardner 1807 (Smyth and Lyons), 1813 (BSD). Castle St, site unknown. William Cole 1813 (BSD). McMaster's Court, site unknown. Thomas Haley 1813 (BSD). Peter's Hi l l , site unknown. John McFarlan 1813 (BSD). Royal Ave, site unknown. William Cole 1820 (BNL 18.1.1820), 1824 (Pigot), 1835

(Matier). Ann St, site unknown. William Holland 1824 (Pigot). Ann St, site unknown. Henry Whitfield 1824 (Pigot). Berry St, site unknown. Daniel Hamill 1839 (Martin). Francis St, site unknown. P. Hughes 1839 (Martin). High St N. (40654435). 1839 (Martin). => Royal Ave, site unknown. Joseph Braddell 1839 (Martin). Waring St, site unknown. James Nicholl 1839 (Martin).

Distilleries: Castle St N . (37754295). John McKelvy 1759 (BNL 21.9.1759), 1761 (Young, 1892,

297), 1771; Jane McKelvey 1782, 1792 (BNL 8.11.1771, 5.4.1782, 22.3.1792). Church Lane, site unknown. William Hopps 1761, 1765 (BNL 14.1.1761, 26.4.1765). Barrack St N . Opened in 1786 (BNL 15.12.1786). New brewery 1788 (Mulholland),

1791 (Williamson), 1792, 1800 (BNL 10.2.1792, 25.7.1800), 1807 (Smyth and Lyons), 1813 (BNL 23.3.1813). Reopened by Falls and MacKenzie in 1815, renovated in 1816 (BNL 29.12.1815, 30.7.1816). Distillery 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Old distillery c. 1820 (McTear, 173). Distillery 1822 (Benn plan 1), 1824 (Pigot), c. 1830 (OS), 1838 (Beatty), 1839 (Martin). =>

Napier's distillery, Bank St, site unknown. Opened in 1792; converted to Napier's brewery (q.v.) in 1797 (BNL 3.2.1792, 2.1.1797).

Ann St, site unknown. 1798 (BNL 19.10.1798).

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Tennent St W., 0.5 km W. of city. 1833 (OS). => Arthur Place, site unknown. Emerson, Arbuthnot and Co. 1839 (Martin). Castle St, site unknown. Guy Stone Wilson 1839 (Martin). Church St, site unknown. Richard Thompson 1839 (Martin). Waring St, site unknown. Thomas Tripp and Co. 1839 (Martin).

Tobacco manufactories: Location unknown. James Patterson 1762 (BNL 1.1.1762). Location unknown. Samuel Johnston, William Auchinleck, John Dinsmore and James

Simm 1779 (BNL 24.8.1779). High St S., in market house (see 16 Trades and services). William Wilson and Robert

Gowan 1781 (BNL 27.11.1781). North St, site unknown. James Boyd, opened in 1785 (BNL 3.6.1785). Ann St, site unknown. Hugh Kearns 1802 (BNL 30.7.1802). North St, site unknown. John Suffern 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Ann St, site unknown. Samuel Hewitt 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Rosemary St, site unknown. McCosh and Irwin 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Ann St, site unknown. Henry Murney 1824 (Pigot). Ann St, site unknown. Isaac Harrison 1824 (Pigot). Church Lane, site unknown. James and Henry Black 1824 (Pigot). Church St, site unknown. James Wharton 1824 (Pigot). High St S. (40904410). 1824 (Pigot), 1839 (Martin). => North St, site unknown. Arbuthnot Emerson 1824 (Pigot). North St, site unknown. Black Henderson 1824 (Pigot). North St, site unknown. Robert William Campbell and Co. 1824 (Pigot). Rosemary St, site unknown. Josias and Barber Cunningham 1824 (Pigot). Ann St S. (41054295). 1839 (Martin). => Ann St, site unknown. Black and Neill 1839 (Martin). Ann St, site unknown. Martin Harper and Co. 1839 (Martin). Ann St, site unknown. Samuel Cowan 1839 (Martin). Callender St, site unknown. John Murray 1839 (Martin). Church Lane, site unknown. Robert Neill 1839 (Martin). High St, site unknown. George Murray 1839 (Martin). High St, site unknown. H. Murray 1839 (Martin). North St, site unknown. A.L. Anderson 1839 (Martin). North St, site unknown. Edward Campbell 1839 (Martin). North St, site unknown. Samuel McCausland 1839 (Martin). North St, site unknown. Thomas Carroll 1839 (Martin). North St S. (39004480). 1839 (Martin). => North St S. (39054470). 1839 (Martin). =>

Tobacco and snuff manufactories: High St, site unknown. James and Francis Graham 1765 (BNL 18.1.1765). High St, site unknown. William Walker and John Wharton 1800 (BNL 27.6.1800).

William Walker 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Ann St, site unknown. William Newsam 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). High St, site unknown. Robert Hyndman 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). North St, site unknown. Samuel Smith 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Rosemary St, site unknown. Andrew Hil l 1813 (BSD), 1824 (Pigot).

Tobacco and starch manufactory, North St, site unknown. James and Thomas Gardner 1824 (Pigot).

Glass works: Bridge End S. (49754380). 1766 (Lewis, i , 143). Belfast Glass Manufactory 1781 (BNL

9.1.1781). The Glass House 1783 (Dobbs plan 2). Glass houses 1785 (Harbour plan), 1789 (Lawson), 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson) 1794 (BNL 7.2.1794). Premises enlarged in 1805 (BNL 22.10.1805). 30 employed 1812 (Dubourdieu, 422). Glass house 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Glass works 1826; closed in c. 1836 (Westropp, 34). See also above, foundry, Newtownards Rd.

Bridge End S. 120 feet high, 60 feet diameter, built in 1784-5 (BNL 19.8.1785). Glass houses 1789 (Lawson), 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson). Smylie's glassworks 1792; closed in 1797 (BNL 12.6.6.1792, 24.4.1797). Glass works 1822 (Benn plan 1). Reopened by Benjamin Edwards in 1824 (Westropp, 34). Glass works c. 1830 (OS); c. 1840 (Nicholl). =>

Belfast Glass Works, Peter's Hil l S. Opened in 1803 (BNL 18.11.1803; Westropp, 34). Belfast Glass Works 1807 (Smyth and Lyons), 1809 (Benn, 1880, 72). 25 employed 1812 (Dubourdieu, 422). Closed temporarily in 1813 (Westropp, 37). Glass works 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Belfast Glass Works 1824 (Pigot), 1828 (BNL 12.2.1828). Glass works c. 1830 (OS). Glass house 1838 (Beatty), 1839 (Martin). =>

Shamrock Glass Works, Short Strand, site unknown. Opened in 1823 (Westropp, 38), 1824 (Pigot). Enlarged in 1827; Shamrock Glass Works 1829 (Westropp, 38). =>

Union St, site unknown. William McAuley 1824 (Pigot). Bridge End, site unknown. 1837 (Lewis, i , 143). Isaac McCune 1839 (Martin).

Coopers: North St N . (36404660). 1767 (PRONI, D509/299). Royal Ave E. (37754460). 1767 (PRONI, D509/162). Royal Ave E. (37704475). 1767 (PRONI, D509/371). Royal Ave, site unknown. Samuel Hoey 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Skipper St, site unknown. William Nicholl 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). Waring St, site unknown. Hugh Wilson 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Waring St, site unknown. Simon Adair 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Waring St, site unknown. William Irwin 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Barrack St, site unknown. William McCunn 1824 (Pigot). Bell's Lane, site unknown. William Atkins 1824 (Pigot). Exchange St, site unknown. James Johnston 1824 (Pigot). Forrest Lane, site unknown. James McCullough 1824 (Pigot). Forrest Lane, site unknown. Patrick Lennon 1824 (Pigot). Gordon St, site unknown. John Callender 1824 (Pigot). Prince's St, site unknown. James Ewart 1824 (Pigot). Talbot St, site unknown. James Reid 1824 (Pigot). Talbot St, site unknown. John Adams 1824 (Pigot). Talbot St, site unknown. John McGee 1824 (Pigot). Talbot St, site unknown. John McGonnigal 1824 (Pigot). Talbot St, site unknown. Patrick Gillan 1824 (Pigot). Talbot St, site unknown. William Crawford 1824 (Pigot). Talbot St, site unknown. William Wright 1824 (Pigot).

Tomb St, site unknown. John Bushby 1824 (Pigot). Waring St, site unknown. Samuel Hoy 1824 (Pigot).

Glue manufactories: Location unknown. Hugh Mcllwaine 1774 (BNL 24.5.1774). North Queen St E. (40255765). 1791 (Williamson). Sandy Row, site unknown. Samuel Tucker 1813 (BSD). Hill St, site unknown. Samuel Tucker 1824 (Pigot). Malone Rd, site unknown. Samuel Tucker 1824 (Pigot). Belfast Glue Works, Waring St S. (40704525). 1833; Belfast and Londonderry Glue

Works 1836 (BNL 5.3.1833, 12.4.1836); 1839 (Martin). => Cotton and linen manufactories:

Clifton St N. , cotton, in poor house (see 13 Administration). 'Profitable labour for young inmates' 1777 (Young, 1892, x i i i , 193).

Rosemary St, cotton, in former new sugar house (q.v.), site unknown. Opened in 1781; Thomas McCabe, Henry Joy 1784 (BNL 10.7.1781, 12.3.1784).

Queen's Sq. N. , canvas, site unknown. 1784 (Benn, 1823, 103), 1796 (BNL 4.3.1796). Falls Rd, cotton, site unknown. Willson, F. Joy and Co. 1786 (BNL 3.3.1786). Church Lane, fustian, site unknown. 1791 (BNL 19.8.1791). Location unknown, cotton. Carleton and Sterling 1792, 1794 (BNL 15.6.1792,

15.8.1794). Waring St, cotton, site unknown. Sarah Mill ikin and Sons 1792 (BNL 10.6.1800). Isaac

Mill ikin c. 1800 (57 20.10.1934). Millfield, cotton, site unknown. 1796 (BNL 29.2.1796). Falls Rd, cotton, site unknown. Robert Armstrong 1797; presumably Falls Cotton Mills

1809; possibly burnt in 1813 (BNL 26.5.1797, 18.4.1809, 9.2.1813). Waring St, cotton, site unknown. John Haslett 1798 (Benn, 1877, 349). Wine Cellar Entry, cotton, site unknown. James Joy and Co. 1800 (Monaghan, 4), 1807,

1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Donegall St E., cotton. John McCracken and Co., built in 1803 (Hansard, 1263^1);

1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Cotton mill 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), 1824 (Pigot). Cotton factory c. 1830 (OS). Cotton mil l 1838 (Beatty). =>

Royal Ave W , cotton, muslin bleachers. John Bell and Co., built in 1803 (Hansard, 1263^1), 1813 (BSD). Bell's cotton mil l 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), 1824 (Pigot); John Bell and Co. 1833 (OS; Hansard, 1263-4).

Townsend Street Spinning M i l l , Townsend St W. James Boomer and Co., built in 1805 (Hansard, 1263-4). Cotton mill 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Cotton factory c. 1830 (OS). Mr Campbell's cotton works; cotton mill 1832 (BNL 12.6.1832; New plan). Rebuilt as flax mill in 1833 (Hansard, 1263-4); 1835 (Matier). Cotton factory; damaged by fire in 1838 (Beatty; BNL 13.11.1838). Falls M i l l Factory 1839 (Martin). =>

Union St, muslin and cotton, site unknown. 1805; 'extensive' 1807 (BNL 19.7.1805, 12.5.1807). Thomas Mulholland 1824 (Pigot).

Francis St N . Built in c. 1806 (BNL 2.12.1806). Closed, reopened as wet spinning flax mill in 1827 (Coe, 60), 1830 (Hansard, 1263^1). Linen factory c. 1830 (OS), 1835 (Matier), 1839 (Martin). =>

Clonard Mills, Falls Rd W , 0.5 km W. of city. Reid and Cavart's cotton mill 1806 (BNL 6.12.1806), 1812 (Dubourdieu, 511). Logwood 1833 (OS). =>

Shankill Cotton Spinning Manufactory, Shankill Rd, site unknown. James Wilson and Co., extended in 1806 (BNL 14.2.1806).

Winetavem St N . Opened in 1806 (BNL 3.10.1806); 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). 5-storeys, 1815 (Maguire, 1993, 31). Cotton mill 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1824 (Pigot). Linen factory c. 1830 (OS), 1835 (Matier), 1839 (Martin). =>

Brown St, cotton, muslin, fustian and calico, site unknown. 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons), 1824 (Pigot). 'Old and dirty' 1833 (Royal com. empl. 1, 127).

Brown St, cotton, site unknown. Russell and Woods 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). Castle St, cambric, site unknown. John Ross 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Castle St, cotton, site unknown. Robert Finlay 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). Church St, cotton and muslin, site unknown. John and Thomas Horner 1807; John and

Thomas How 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Thomas How 1824 (Pigot). Castle Lane, cotton and muslin, site unknown. William Tucker 1807; (Smyth and

Lyons), 1824 (Pigot). Millfield, cotton, site unknown. Thomas Ireland 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Smith St, fustian and calico, site unknown. David Sloan and Co. 1807, 1808 (Smyth and

Lyons). Smithfield, cotton, site unknown. Robert Armstrong 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Smithfield Sq. North, cotton and fustian, site unknown. James Park 1807, 1808 (Smyth

and Lyons). Union St, fustian and yarn, site unknown. Radcliff and Black 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). Waring St, cotton, site unknown. John Alexander 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Waring St, cotton, site unknown. William Dickson 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). Waring St, cotton, site unknown. William Watt 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). York St, cotton, site unknown. James Mountford 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Cotton Court, cotton, site unknown, c. 1808 (Benn notes). Carrick Hi l l , cotton, site unknown. William Dixon 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Millfield, cotton, site unknown. Robert Finlay 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Near Antrim Rd, calico, site unknown. P. Turnbull and Co. 1808 (BNL 17.6.1808). Skipper St, cotton, site unknown. John McCrum 1808 (Smyth and Lyons), 1824 (Pigot). Lodge Cotton M i l l , New Lodge Rd S., cotton spinning and weaving. Built in 1810

(Hansard, 1263^1); 1813 (BSD). Damaged by fire, rebuilt in 1813 (BNL 5.2.1813; Monaghan, 4). Lodge Road Cotton M i l l 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Cotton mill c. 1820 (McTear, 78). Cotton factory c. 1830 (OS), 1833 (Royal com. empl. 2, 75-6), 1838 (Beatty). See also 20 Education: school. =>

Cromac St, cotton ball, site unknown. Mary McChesney 1813 (BSD). Falls Rd, calico, site unknown. Hamilton Wilson 1813 (BSD). Henry St N. , cotton. Thomas (and Andrew) Mulholland 1813 (BSD). 5,000 spindles

1822 (McCutcheon, 1980, 297). Thomas Mulholland and Co. 1824 (Pigot). Destroyed by fire in 1828 (BNL 1.7.1828). Rebuilt as flax mill (see next entry).

York Street Flax Spinning M i l l , Henry St N. , on site of former cotton mill (see previous entry). Rebuilt in 1829 (Hansard, 1263^1). Linen factory c. 1830 (OS). Flax and tow wet spinning 1833 (Royal com. empl. 2, 74-5), 1835 (Matier). Linen factory 1838 (Beatty). =>

Winetavern St, cotton ball, site unknown. George Hadkiss 1813 (BSD). Francis St N. , calico weaving. Opened in 1818 (Monaghan, 13). Cotton factory c. 1830

(OS).

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Mulholland's Mill, Henry St N., c. 1840 (Hall, i i i , p. 92)

Falls Rd, cotton, site unknown. James Cochran 1824 (Pigot). Long Lane, cotton, site unknown. Thomas How 1824 (Pigot). Shankill, cotton, site unknown. John Henderson 1824 (Pigot). Smithfield, corduroy, site unknown. John Budell 1824 (Pigot). Blackstaff Flax Spinning M i l l , Durham St W. Linen factory c. 1830 (OS). Linen mill

1838 (Beatty), 1839 (Martin). => Durham St Flax Spinning M i l l , Durham St W. Linen factory c. 1830 (OS). Linen mill

1838 (Beatty). => College Sq., site unknown. S.K. Mulholland and Co., converted from cotton to tow

spinning in 1832; 1833 (Royal com. empl. 1, 90-91). S.K. Mulholland, Hind and Co. 1835 (Matier).

Linfield Flax Spinning Mi l l , Rowland Way S. (31803485). Unnamed, built in 1833 (OS; Withers, 5-6). Messrs Murphy and Co.'s flax mill 1837 (Mun. boundary repts). =>

Connswater Spinning M i l l , Albertbridge Rd S., 0.75 km E. of city. New spinning factory, established in 1834 (OS; Lewis, i , 143). =>

Elmgrove Mills, Beersbridge Rd S. New spinning factory, established in 1834 (OS; Lewis, i , 143). Damaged by fire in 1838 (BNL 13.11.1838); 1839 (Martin). =>

Falls Road Spinning M i l l , site unknown. Robert Gamble 1835 (Matier). Flax spinning mill , Falls Rd, site unknown. Thomas Oyston 1835 (Matier). Donegall Lane, linen and cotton, site unknown. B. Teeling Maginnis 1839 (Martin). Donegall St, linen, site unknown. Ledwick and Dickson 1839 (Martin). Falls Rd N. , linen, 0.25 km W. of city. Falls Factory 1839 (Martin). Lancaster St N. , linen and cotton, (38655080). 1839 (Martin). => Flax spinning mill , Donegall St, site unknown. Robert Thompson and Co. 1839

(Martin). Flax spinning mill , Waring St, site unknown. John Fisher and Co. 1839 (Martin). Flax spinning mill , York St, site unknown. W. Cavan and Co. 1839 (Martin).

Muslin manufactories: Brown St, site unknown. Hugh Campbell 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Brown St, site unknown. James Gordon 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Donegall St, site unknown. William Byers and Co. 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Kent St, site unknown. John Bell and Co. 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons), 1824 (Pigot). Millfield, site unknown. John White 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). North St, site unknown. James Baker 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). North St, site unknown. Jordan Rutherford and Co. 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Patrick St, site unknown. Archibald Mcllroy 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Peter's Hi l l , site unknown. George Snell and Co. 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Rosemary St, site unknown. Margaret McCracken and Co. 1807, 1808 (Smyth and

Lyons). Smithfield Sq. North, site unknown. John White 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). Winetavern St, site unknown. Anthony Horner 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Arthur St, site unknown. Thomas May 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Donegall St, site unknown. George Whitla j r and Co. 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Donegall St, site unknown. William Byres and Co. 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Queen St, site unknown. Neil McQuillan 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Talbot St, site unknown. James Baker 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Rosemary St, site unknown. William Ewart, fancy muslin 1813 (BSD). Academy St, site unknown. Conway Blizard 1824 (Pigot). Ann St, site unknown. James and Henry Black 1824 (Pigot). Brown St, site unknown. Arthur Hil l Thornton 1824 (Pigot). Castle St, site unknown. George Magenis 1824 (Pigot). Castle St, site unknown. Mary Ross 1824 (Pigot). Chapel Lane, site unknown. William Manning 1824 (Pigot). Church St, site unknown. James Kennedy and Son 1824 (Pigot). Church St, site unknown. Joseph Hasley 1824 (Pigot). Church St, site unknown. Thomas Hugh Pritchard Bell 1824 (Pigot). Commercial Court, site unknown. C.B. Grimshaw 1824 (Pigot). Commercial Court, site unknown. James Stirling 1824 (Pigot). Donegall Sq. E., site unknown. John Workman and Sons 1835 (Matier). Donegall St, site unknown. Alexander Morrison 1824 (Pigot). Donegall St, site unknown. James Ewart and Co. 1824 (Pigot). Donegall St, site unknown. James McConkey 1824 (Pigot). Donegall St, site unknown. John Lamb and Co. 1824 (Pigot). Donegall St, site unknown. John Robinson 1824 (Pigot). Donegall St, site unknown. Robert Briggs 1824 (Pigot). Donegall St, site unknown. Robert Ewing 1824 (Pigot). Donegall St, site unknown. William Ewart 1824 (Pigot), 1839 (Martin).

Donegall St, site unknown. William Harlin 1824 (Pigot). Exchange Place, site unknown. Thomas O'Neill 1824 (Pigot). Hil l St, site unknown. Archibald Mcllroy 1824 (Pigot). Kent St, site unknown. James Calvert 1824 (Pigot). Lancaster St, site unknown. James Calvert 1824 (Pigot). Library St, site unknown. Henry Magill 1824 (Pigot). Little Patrick St, site unknown. Thomas Williamson 1824 (Pigot). Long Lane, site unknown. John and Thomas Horner 1824 (Pigot). Nelson St, site unknown. John Workman 1824 (Pigot). Nelson St, site unknown. Robert Workman 1824 (Pigot). Newmarket, location unknown. John Worthington 1824 (Pigot). North St, site unknown. John McKennas and Abraham Bell 1824 (Pigot). Patrick St, site unknown. James Baker 1824 (Pigot). Princes St, site unknown. William Rourke 1824 (Pigot). Rosemary St, site unknown. David McCord 1824 (Pigot). Rosemary St, site unknown. James Waddell 1824 (Pigot). Rosemary St, site unknown. John Carlisle 1824 (Pigot). Rosemary St, site unknown. John O'Hara and James Noble 1824 (Pigot). Rosemary St, site unknown. Joseph Hall 1824 (Pigot). Rosemary St, site unknown. William Osbourne 1824 (Pigot). Royal Ave, site unknown. George Hi l l 1824 (Pigot). Royal Ave, site unknown. James Mitchell 1824 (Pigot). Waring St, site unknown. David Wilson 1824 (Pigot). Waring St, site unknown. McCulloch and Taylor 1824 (Pigot). York St, site unknown. James Martin 1824 (Pigot). York St, site unknown. Samuel Mateer 1824 (Pigot). => Academy St, site unknown. Preston, Bannantyne, Morris and Co. 1835 (Matier).

Bannantyne, Moir and Co. 1839 (Martin). Donegall St, site unknown. Thomas O'Neill and Co. 1835 (Matier). Little Patrick St, site unknown. Robert Workman and Co. 1835 (Matier). Waring St, site unknown. Robert Dalglish and Co. 1835 (Matier), 1839 (Martin). Talbot St, site unknown. Preston, Bannantyne, Morris and Co. 1835 (Matier). Thompson's Court, site unknown. William Moorcroft and Co. 1835 (Matier), 1839

(Martin). Academy St, site unknown. James Hutchinson and Co. 1839 (Martin). Commercial Court, site unknown. James Sterling and Co. 1839 (Martin). Curtis St, site unknown. Robert Dalglish and Co. 1839 (Martin). Elliot's Court, site unknown. James Kennedy and Co. 1839 (Martin). Exchange Place, site unknown. Jacob Pearson and Co. 1839 (Martin). Royal Ave, site unknown. A. Rutherford and Co. 1839 (Martin). Royal Ave, site unknown. John Bell and Nephew 1839 (Martin). Tomb St E., site unknown. Peter Dickson and Sons 1839 (Martin).

Muslin and gingham, Castle St, site unknown. John Bryson 1824 (Pigot). Muslin and gingham, Waring St N . (40304525). 1824 (Pigot), 1839 (Martin). => Thread manufactories:

Rosemary St, site unknown. Charles Montgomery 1780 (BNL 28.7.1780). Location unknown. Established by John Barbour in 1784 (Coe, 40). Donegall St, site unknown. Henry Atkinson and Co., coloured threads 1813 (BSD). King St, site unknown. Hugh McKeown 1813 (BSD). King St, site unknown. Mary Teeling 1824 (Pigot). Durham St, site unknown. W M . Foster and Co., linen thread 1839 (Martin). Rosemary St, site unknown. Abraham Bell, linen thread 1839 (Martin).

Starch works: Belfast Starch Works, Castle St, site unknown. James Beggs 1784 (BNL 20.1.1784). Rosemary St, site unknown. 1796 (BNL 5.9.1796). Ballymacarret, site unknown, associated with Lagan Foundry (q.v.). Victor Coates 1807

(Smyth and Lyons), 1813 (BSD). William Coates 1824 (Pigot). William Montgomery 1839 (Martin).

Donegall St, site unknown, probably same as next entry. Samuel Millar 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons).

York Lane, site unknown, probably same as previous entry. Samuel Miller and Sons 1824 (Pigot), 1835 (Matier), 1839 (Martin).

North St, site unknown. James Molyneaux 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). Church St, site unknown. James Molyneaux 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Pound St, site unknown. 1810 (BNL 6.3.1810). Peter's Hi l l , site unknown. Andrew McCord 1824 (Pigot). Peter's Hi l l , site unknown. Hanna Hans 1824 (Pigot). Hunter's Starch Yard. c. 1830 (OS), 1837 (Val.). Millfield, site unknown. 1831 (BNL 1.7.1831). James Boyd 1835 (Matier), 1839

(Martin). Cromac St, site unknown. Andrew McKibben 1835 (Matier). Donegall St, site unknown. George Emerson 1835 (Matier), 1839 (Martin). Frederick St N . (37405035). 1835 (Matier), 1839 (Martin), 1840 (O'Byrne, 82). => Little Donegall St, site unknown. George Emerson 1835 (Matier). Location unknown. Thomas Millar 1835 (Matier). Peter's Hil l N . (34404735). 1835 (Matier), 1839 (Martin). =*> Little Donegall St, site unknown. Robert Simonton 1839 (Martin). Millfield, site unknown. William Montgomery 1839 (Martin). York Lane, site unknown. J.T. Gardner 1839 (Martin).

Tobacco pipe manufactory, Bridge End S., adjoining Benjamin Edwards' glass works (4.v.). Built by John Edwards in 1789 (BNL 20.3.1789; Westropp, 32).

Tobacco pipe manufactory, North St, site unknown. 1801 (BNL 28.7.1801). Belfast Mustard Works, Library St, site unknown. Richard Calwell and Co. 1790 (BNL

29.1.1790). Closed in 1798 (PRONI, D1905/2/31). Coach manufactories:

Greg's Entry, site unknown. John Galvin, George Truman 1794 (BNL 16.5.1794). Marlborough St, site unknown. Thomas Christian 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Princes St, site unknown. John Wright 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). South Mews, site unknown. Flanagans 1807; Wilson and Flanagan 1812 (BNL

29.5.1807, 19.6.1812), 1824 (Pigot). Belfast Coach Factory, Victoria Sq. S. (40554190). Belfast Coach Factory 1824 (Pigot),

1839 (BNL 4.6.1839; Martin). => Fountain St, site unknown. Smyth and Wright 1824 (Pigot). Marlborough St, site unknown. Brown and McConkey 1824 (Pigot). South William St, site unknown. Turney and Reid 1824 (BNL 9.4.1824; Pigot), 1839

(Martin).

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Castle St, site unknown. Daniel Carty 1839 (Martin). => Chichester St, site unknown. George McConkey 1839 (Martin). Fountain St W. (37204250). 1839 (Martin). => Gloucester St S. (41354030). 1839 (Martin). => Princes St, site unknown. George McConkey 1839 (Martin). Victoria Sq., site unknown. James Montgomery 1839 (Martin).

Cart and farm utensil manufactory, William St, site unknown. William McConnel 1804 (BNL 24.4.1804).

Smithfield Farming Utensil Manufactory, Smithfield, site unknown. William McConnell 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). Belfast Plough and Cart Manufactory 1808; Smithfield Farming Utensil Manufactory, William and C. McConnell 1812 (BNL 8.7.1808, 6.3.1812).

Agricultural implement manufactory, Ann St, site unknown. Samuel Morrow 1813 (BSD). Agricultural implement manufactory, May St, site unknown. James Gray 1840 (Industries

of Ire., 114). => Shovel manufactory, Miller's Court, site unknown. Richard Wilson 1813 (BSD). Chemical manufactories:

Boyd's vitriol works, Ravenhill Rd W. Gregg and Boyd 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). W. Boyd's vitriol works 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), 1824 (Pigot). Vitriol works 1834 (OS), 1837 (Lewis, i , 143), 1838 (Beatty), 1839 (Martin). =>

Belfast Vitriol Works, Middle Path N . Vitriol works 1813 (BSD), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), 1824 (Pigot), 1834 (OS), 1837 (Lewis, i , 143), 1838 (Beatty), 1839 (Martin). =>

Corporation St, site unknown. Brown 1824 (Pigot). Corporation St, site unknown. Ross Daniel and Co. 1824 (Pigot). Donegall St, site unknown. John McAdam 1824 (Pigot). Vitriol, starch and blue manufactory, Little Donegall St, site unknown. Wayne

Alexander 1824 (Pigot). Bleaching salt manufacturer, Corporation St, site unknown. Arthur K. Miller 1839

(Martin). Castle St S. (37154280). 1839 (Martin). =>

Cotton machine maker, Thomas St, site unknown. Thomas White 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). Stocking frame manufactory, Patrick St, site unknown. John Freebairn 1807, 1808 (Smyth

and Lyons). Machine makers, Carrick Hi l l , site unknown. David Faey 1824 (Pigot). Machine makers, Fountain Lane, site unknown. John Philips 1824 (Pigot). Machine makers, Millfield, site unknown. Reuben Herbert 1824 (Pigot). Machine makers, Old Rd, location unknown. Richard Baker 1824 (Pigot). Hat manufactories:

Ann St, site unknown. John Robinson 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). David Robinson 1824 (Pigot).

Ann St, site unknown. Joseph Wilson 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). Bridge St, site unknown. Joy Davis 1807 (Smyth and Lyons), 1824 (Pigot). Castle St, site unknown. Sampson Clarke 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Bridge St W. (39454415). 1808 (Smyth and Lyons), 1823 (PRONI, D509/2096), 1824

(Pigot). Ann St, site unknown. Richard Wright 1824 (Pigot). Church St, site unknown. Robert Wright and Co. 1824 (Pigot). North St, site unknown. William Foote 1824 (Pigot). Ann St, site unknown. Robert Shaw 1839 (Martin). Ann St, site unknown. Samuel Shaw 1839 (Martin). Bridge St, site unknown. John Booth 1839 (Martin). Donegall St, site unknown. Henry Booth and Son 1839 (Martin).

Straw bonnet manufactories: Prince's St, site unknown. Jane and H. Montgomery 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Arthur Sq., site unknown. Margaret Orr 1824 (Pigot). Arthur St, site unknown. Isabella Aughton 1824 (Pigot). Castle St, site unknown. Patrick Shanahan 1824 (Pigot). Church Lane, site unknown. Elizabeth Finlay 1824 (Pigot). High St, site unknown. Ann and Marianne Cochran 1824 (Pigot). High St, site unknown. Ellen McBride 1824 (Pigot). High St, site unknown. Jane King 1824 (Pigot). High St, site unknown. Ursula McBride 1824 (Pigot). High St, site unknown. William Hynds 1824 (Pigot). North St, site unknown. Elizabeth Fulton 1824 (Pigot). Royal Ave, site unknown. Jane McLurkan 1824 (Pigot). Royal Ave, site unknown. Mary McNeill 1824 (Pigot). Academy St, site unknown. Mrs Bennett 1839 (Martin). Ann St, site unknown. Heburn 1839 (Martin). Ann St, site unknown. Maria Kennedy 1839 (Martin). Berry St, site unknown. Kelly 1839 (Martin). Castle St, site unknown. Eliza Hicklin 1839 (Martin). Castle St, site unknown. Goodman 1839 (Martin). Castle St, site unknown. Mrs Parker 1839 (Martin). Chichester St, site unknown. Miss McNeill 1839 (Martin). Church Lane, site unknown. Ann Johnston 1839 (Martin). High St, site unknown. B.J. McGlaughland 1839 (Martin). High St, site unknown. Knox 1839 (Martin). High St, site unknown. M . McGlaughland 1839 (Martin). Royal Ave, site unknown. Letitia Russell 1839 (Martin). Trafalgar St, site unknown. Ann Burnett 1839 (Martin). Waring St, site unknown. Finlay 1839 (Martin). William St, site unknown. Jane Charles 1839 (Martin). Winetavern St, site unknown. Ann Egan 1839 (Martin). York St, site unknown. S. Moffatt 1839 (Martin).

Breeches manufactory, Castle St, site unknown. John Armstrong 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). Glove and breeches manufactory, Ann St, site unknown. John Rodgers 1824 (Pigot). Glove and breeches manufactory, Castle St, site unknown. Samuel Johnston 1824 (Pigot). Stone and marble yards:

Waring St, site unknown. Michael Campbell 1807; Campbell and Smylie 1808 (Smyth and Lyons).

Academy St, site unknown. Hugh Murray 1824 (Pigot). Academy St, site unknown. Michael Murphy 1824 (Pigot). Montgomery St, site unknown. Alexander McMullan 1824 (Pigot). Upper Arthur St, site unknown. James Gillman 1824 (Pigot). Waring St, site unknown. John and Hugh Fergus 1824 (Pigot). York St, site unknown. John Murphy 1824 (Pigot).

Stone works, Royal Ave, site unknown. Samuel Sloan 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Stone works, Smithfield, site unknown. John Parker 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Stone works, Talbot St, site unknown. James Smylie 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). Marble manufactory, Great Patrick St, site unknown. 1837 (BNL 20.1.1837). Cotton wool and tow card manufactory, Smithfield, site unknown. Benjamin Broadley and

Co. 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Wool and tow card manufactory, North St, site unknown. Robert Muckle 1807, 1808

(Smyth and Lyons). Card manufactory, near the Saltwater Bridge (see 17 Transport), site unknown. Richard

Baker 1813 (BSD). Card manufactory, North St, site unknown. Patrick McCreight 1820 (BNL 19.5.1820). Card manufactory, North St, site unknown. Hugh Jamieson 1839 (Martin). Card manufactory, Rea's Court, site unknown. John Greenwood 1839 (Martin). Vinegar and mead manufactory, Royal Ave, site unknown. Reilly and Co. 1807, 1808

(Smyth and Lyons). Billiard table manufactory, High St, site unknown. D. Espariat 1812 (BNL 3.1.1812). Ginger beer manufactory, Commercial Court, site unknown. Paul Kelso 1813 (BSD), 1824

(Pigot). Spruce beer manufactory, Lodge Lane, site unknown. James Johnson 1813 (BSD). Aerated water manufactory, Corn Market S. (38804305). Grattan and Co. 1825 (Industries

of Ire., 70). => Belfast Mineral Water Co., Arthur Sq., site unknown. 1838 (BNL 4.9.1838), 1839

(Martin). Aerated water manufactory, Church Lane, site unknown. James Wilson 1839 (Martin). Aerated water manufactory, High St, site unknown. D. Murray 1839 (Martin). Aerated water manufactory, Smithfield, site unknown. Alexander McKenzie 1839

(Martin). Sweet and aerated water manufactory, Church St, site unknown. Joseph Ellidge 1839

(Martin). Alabaster and blue manufactory, York Lane, site unknown. Wilson Johnson 1824 (Pigot). Alabaster manufactory, Gloucester St, site unknown. J. Arnold 1834 (BNL 6.6.1834). Alabaster manufactory, Great Patrick St, site unknown. Wilson Johnson 1839 (Martin). Alabaster manufactory, Royal Ave, site unknown. Joseph Molyneaux 1839 (Martin). Alabaster manufactory, Victoria St, site unknown. Samuel Harrison 1839 (Martin). Brush, bellows and wool card manufactory, North St, site unknown. 1824 (Pigot), 1839

(Martin). Silversmith, Castle St, site unknown. Patrick Keenan 1824 (Pigot). Silversmith, High St, site unknown. John Stewart 1824 (Pigot). Wireworks, Millfield, site unknown. Squire Manks 1824 (Pigot). Wireworks and flour machine manufactory, Queen's Sq. N. , site unknown. William

Howard 1839 (Martin). Anti-dry rot establishment, Albertbridge Rd N. , 0.25 km E. of city. 1838 (Beatty). Belfast Saw Mills, location unknown. 1838 (BNL 4.9.1838). Button blue manufactory, Exchange St, site unknown. John Craig 1839 (Martin). Sweet manufactory, Dunbar St, site unknown. John Mulholland 1839 (Martin). Sweet manufactory, Seymour Lane S. (41504070). 1839 (Martin). =>

Brown Linen Hall, Donegall St W., 1831 (Donegall Street View)

16 Trades and services Market. Weekly market, Fridays, granted by crown to Sir James Hamilton in 1605;

confirmed to Arthur Chichester, earl of Donegall, in 1621 (Fairs and markets rept, 48); 1668, 1837 (Lewis, i , 196).

Fairs. Annual fair, 1-3 August, granted to Arthur Bassett in 1609; new patent from crown granted to Sir James Hamilton in 1612; new patent from crown 1-2 August, 28-9 October granted to Arthur Chichester, earl of Donegall in 1621 (Fairs and markets rept, 60). 12 August, 12 November (Lammas Fair) c. 1825 (Gaffikin, 12), 1837 (Lewis, i , 196). =>

Fair green, North St S. (36054555). Fair 1696 (Belfast map). Market place, junction High St/Corn Market (39354315). Market place 1639 (Young,

1892, 14), 1644, 1689 (Benn, 1877, 109, 176), 1734 (Deeds 1, 71), 1757 (Town plan). Closed, replaced by Smithfield Market (q.v.) in 1788.

Market place, junction Divis St/Barrack St (33004365). Market 1696 (Belfast map). Market house, junction High St/Corn Market (39354320). Market house, built to replace

Town Hall (see 13 Administration) in 1664 (Young, 1892, 102). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1). Town Hall 1688 (Young, 1892, 166). Unnamed 1696 (Belfast map). Steeple repaired in 1718; session house with jury room 1719 (Grand jury

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presentments, 166, 199, 241). Market house 1738 (BNL 20.3.1738), 1768 (RD 357/303/240733), 1788 (Mulholland), 1791 (Williamson). In ruins c. 1811 (Benn, 1880, 118). Demolished in 1812 (Malcolm, 66). See also 15 Manufacturing: tabacco manufactory; 20 Education: Mr Guitar's fencing school, Dumont's dancing school, Sunday school.

Market house, Arthur Sq., site unknown. 'Not long in existence' 1804 (Benn, 1880, 46). Horse market, in Victoria Sq. 1715 (Maclanachan). Horse market, location unknown. 1743 (Deeds 1, 22). Horse fair, in Donegall St. Unofficial, 1784 (BNL 26.10.1784). Yarn or linen market, location unknown. 1729 (Benn, 1877, 341). Yarn market, Waring St, site unknown. 1775 (Benn, 1877, 347). The Rails, Smithfield. Corn and hide market built over by Smithfield Market (see next

entry) in 1788 (BNL 6.6.1788). Smithfield Market, Millfield E. Laid out on The Rails (see previous entry) in 1788 (BNL

6.6.1788; Mulholland). Smith Field 1791 (Williamson). Market building 1804 (Benn, 1880, 114). Smithfield c. 1830 (OS). =>

Meat market, Arthur Place N. (39854175). New market 1788 (Mulholland). New meat market 1789 (Lawson). Shambles 1790 (Smyth). New shambles 1791 (Williamson). Meat market, old market 1815 (BNL 27.1.1815; Mason). Old market 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). =>

Wilton's Market, junction Hercules St/North St, site unknown. Meat market c. 1800 (BT 15.12.1934). Wilton's Market 1828 (BA). Mullen's market early 19th cent. (Patton, 238). =>

Butter market, Tomb St W. (42054665). Opened in 1803 (Mun. corp. Ire. rept). Butter market 1815 (Mason), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Tomb Street public market, salt and meat 1833 (BA). Butter market 1838 (Beatty). =>

May's Market, May St N . Edward May's new market 1807 (BNL 5.6.1807). Market 1815 (Mason). May's Market 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). Oatmeal, grain, flax and fruit 1831 (Patton, 229). =*>

Montgomery's Market, Castle Lane N. Hammond's meat market, opened in 1813 (BT 27.10.1934). Castle Market c. 1825 (Gaffikin, 13), 1828 (BA). Montgomery Market c. 1830 (OS). Castle Market 1838 (Beatty). =>

Fish market, in Gowdy's Court. Fish market 1815 (Mason; BNL 27.1.1815). Gowdy's market c. 1825 (Gaffikin, 13), 1828 (BA). Fish market c. 1830 (OS).

St George's Market, Victoria St E. Flesh market 1815 (Mason). St Georges Market c. 1830 (OS). George's Market 1832 (New plan). See also 13 Administration: king's stores. =>

Meat market, Tomb St E., site unknown. 1819 (Bradshaw). Weigh bridge market, Castle Lane S. Weigh bridge market, fish market, opened in 1829

(BNL 22.9.1829). Weigh bridge market c. 1830 (OS), 1834 (Mun. corp. Ire. rept). Ormond Market, Corporation St W. Market place c. 1830 (OS). Unnamed 1838 (Beatty). => Provision market, Corporation St W. Market place c. 1830 (OS). Provision market 1833

(BA). Mary's market, Townsend St E. (32504675). 1840 (O'Byrne, 38). => Horse bazaar, May St N . c. 1830 (OS). York St bazaar, York St E. c. 1830 (OS), 1833 (BNL 5.8.1833). Shambles:

Castle St, site unknown. 1686 (Young, 1892,154), 1719 (Donegall rental), 1755 (Deeds 1, 16).

Slaughter house, Waring St, site unknown. 1718 (RD 43/492/29092). Near Castle St, site unknown. 1752, 1765 (BNL 28.11.1752, 19.2.1765). William St W. (39804250). 1757 (Town plan), 1783 (Lease plan 2). Location unknown. 1772 (BNL 13.10.1772). Ann St, site unknown. 1774 (BNL 20.9.1774). Location unknown. McMorran and Bradford 1792 (BNL 29.6.1792). Royal Ave, site unknown. 1804, 1815 (BNL 13.1.1804, 27.1.1815). Smithfield, site unknown. 1808 (BNL 3.6.1808). Corporation St E., site unknown. Room for hanging 200 beasts, 1810 (BNL

30.10.1810). Linen Hall, Cooney's Court, site unknown. Linen Hall 1738 (Benn notes). Opened in 1739

(BNL 17.7.1739). Closed, replaced by Brown Linen Hall (see next entry) by 1754 (Benn, 1877, 347). Converted to artillery barracks (see 12 Defence) and gaol (see 13 Administration) by 1797.

Brown Linen Hall, Donegall St E., on site of later St Anne's Church (see 11 Religion). Opened in 1754 (Marshall, 1938, 21). New-built linen hall 1757 (Town plan). Closed, moved to new premises in 1773 (see next entry).

Brown Linen Hall, Donegall St W. Opened to replace former hall (see previous entry) in 1773 (Young, 1892, xii). Green Linen Market (Marshall, 1938, 21). Brown Linen Hall 1803 (BA), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). =>

White Linen Hall (Benn, 1823, facing p. 102)

White Linen Hall, Donegall Sq. Opened in 1784 (BNL 16.7.1784; PRONI, D811/112/1). White Linen Hall 1788 (Mulholland). Boundary wall to be built 1802 (BNL 17.12.1802). Cupola added in 1815 (Anderson, 45). White Linen Hall 1815 (Mason). Linen Hall c. 1830 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). See also 20 Education: Linen Hall Library. =>

Exchange, Waring St N . Single-storey, arcaded market house, cost £4,000, built in 1769 (Malcolm, 28). Second storey containing assembly rooms (see 21 Entertainment) added in 1776 (BNL 19.1.1776). Exchange 1789 (Lawson). Exchange guard room 1812 (Watch trans.). Exchange 1815 (Mason), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Functions transferred to Commercial Buildings (q.v.) in 1822 (Lewis, i , 196). Royal Exchange 1824 (Pigot). Exchange rooms c. 1830 (OS), 1837 (Lewis, i , 196). Exchange 1838 (Beatty). See also 20 Education: Mrs Maywood's dancing school. =>

Inn, location unknown. 1611 (Benn, 1877, 86). Inn, location unknown. George Thomson 1645 (Young, 1894, 251). Widow Partridge's inn, location unknown. 1655 (Benn, 1877, 418). Eagle and Child, location unknown. 1690 (Davies, 113, 118), 1719 (Funeral register, 21). Adam and Eve, location unknown. 1719, 1733 (Funeral register, 21, 40). Sign of the Sun, location unknown. 1719 (Funeral register, 21). Sign of the Peacock, location unknown. 1727 (Funeral register, 32). George Inn, North St N . (37254620). The George 1738 (BNL 6.3.1738), 1752 (Strain, 18).

George Inn, Mr McGockin 1791, 1794 (BNL 8.4.1791, 2.5.1794). Closed, converted to ballroom in 1795 (see 21 Entertainment).

Angel and Two Bibles, Bridge St, site unknown. 1739 (BNL 11.5.1739). King's Head, Church Lane, site unknown. 1739 (BNL 27.3.1739). Nag's Head, North St S., site unknown. 1739 (BNL 13.4.1739). Race Horse, North St, site unknown. 1739 (BNL 20.4.1739). Seven Stars, High St, near post office (see 13 Administration), site unknown. 1739, 1758,

1771 (BNL 1.6.1739, 25.7.1758, 14.5.1771). Royal Boot, Waring St S., opposite Exchange (q.v.), site unknown. 1750 (BNL 15.6.1750). Donegall Arms Hotel, Castle Place N . (38904330). New inn, opened in 1752 (Mill in,

1938, 129); 1757 (BNL 1.7.1757), 1767 (Young, 1892, xii) , 1777 (Joy, 137). Rebuilt, enlarged as Donegall Arms Hotel in 1786; Donegall Arms Inn 1798; 1807 (BNL 9.5.1786, 22.1.1798; Smyth and Lyons). Donegall Arms Tavern 1813 (BSD). Donegall Arms Hotel 1824 (Pigot), c. 1825 (Gaffikin, 17). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Donegall Arms Hotel 1833 (BA), 1835 (Leigh, 207). =>

Cross Guns, High St N. , opposite market house (q.v.), site unknown. 1756; closed in c. MIX (BNL 26.3.1756, 25.10.1771).

King's Arms, Donegall St, site unknown, perhaps same as King's Arms, New Gravel Lane (q.v.). 1765 (BNL 1.2.1765).

Crown Tavern and Hotel, High St, site unknown. 1768; converted to residence in 1794; Crown Tavern and Hotel 'revived' in 1813 (BNL 20.9.1768, 28.2.1794, 17.9.1813). Converted to Royal Wax Works by 1820 (see 21 Entertainment).

Pewter Plates, Bridge St, site unknown. 1768 (BNL 4.11.1768). Donegall Arms, Ann St, site unknown. Barleymow Inn 1771, 1793; Donegall Arms (BNL

16.4.1771, 3.5.1793, 30.5.1800). Plow, Castle St, site unknown. 1772 (BNL 7.1.1772). Echlin's Arms, Church Lane, site unknown. Hugh Lyndon, opened in 1775 (BNL

27.6.1775) . Antrim Arms, North St, site unknown. Thomas Scott 1776 (BNL 17.12.1766). King's Arms Hotel, North St, site unknown. King's Arms 1776 (BNL 17.12.1776), 1804

(Benn, 1880, 45), 1824 (Pigot), 1833 (BA), 1835 (Matier). Pottinger's Arms, E. end of Long Bridge (see 17 Transport), site unknown. 1776 (BNL

30.7.1776) . Phoenix, High St, site unknown. Mrs Harvey 1780 (BNL 14.11.1780). Rose and Crown, Gaw's Entry, opposite market house (q.v.), site unknown. Charles

Boswell 1780 (BNL 24.10.1780). Bambridge, Sugar House Entry E. (40154490). Dr Franklin Tavern, Peggy Barclay c.

1795; Haylock's tavern 1811 (BCC 25.5.1811). William Faloon 1818 (Leighton, 50), 1824 (Pigot). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Prey's hotel and tavern 1835 (Matier). Taken over by Abraham Bambridge in 1839 (O'Byrne, 135). =>

White Cross, Castle St, site unknown. Linn's, White Cross 1795 (BNL 16.1.1795). White Cross Inn 1804, 1808 (Benn, 1880,45). Patrick Linn 1807 (Smyth and Lyons), 1824 (Pigot). Pat Lynn's White Cross c. 1825 (Gaffikin, 17), 1828 (BA), 1835 (Leigh, 207).

O'Neil's hotel, Frederick St, site unknown. 1797 (BNL 3.2.1797). Plough Hotel, Corn Market W. (39204300.). Plough Hotel c. 1800 (BT 10.11.1934).

Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Plough Hotel 1835 (Matier). => Rainbow Hotel, Wilson's Court, site unknown. Mermaid Inn c. 1800 (Patton, 340). => Black Bull Inn, North St, site unknown. 1800 (BNL 13.5.1800). Cumberland Tavern, Queen's Sq. S., site unknown. Cumberland Arms 'very old inn' 1804

(Benn, 1880, 45). Cumberland Tavern 1813 (BSD). Gillet's inn, Wilson's Court, site unknown. 1804 (Benn, 1880, 45). White Hart, Church Lane, site unknown. 1804 (Benn, 1880, 45). Belfast Hotel, Arthur St, site unknown. Henry Gillet 1805 (BNL 15.11.1805), 1807 (Smyth

and Lyons), 1809 (BNL 14.11.1809). Hotel, Donegall St, site unknown. William Higginson 1808 (Smyth and Lyons), 1824

(Pigot), c. 1825 (Gaffikin, 17), 1833 (BA). The Monkey Shaving the Goat, location unknown. 1808 (BNL 26.2.1808). King's Arms, New Gravel Lane, site unknown, perhaps same as King's Arms, Donegall St

(9.V.). Mr Williamson 1811 (BNL 24.12.1811). Bird in Hand, Ann St, site unknown. Hugh Ross 1813 (BSD). Boot and Crown, Smithfield Sq. North, site unknown. John Fitzpatrick 1813 (BSD). Coach and Horses, Corn Market, site unknown. Maxwell Halliday 1813 (BSD). Glasgow Hotel, High St S. (39454315). Glasgow Tavern 1813 (BSD). ==> Glass House, Ballymacarret, site unknown. John Wheeler 1813 (BSD). Highlandman, Carrick Hil l , site unknown. John Walker 1813 (BSD). Hotel, junction North St/Rosemary St, site unknown. 1813 (BSD), Daniel Miskelly 1824

(Pigot). Hotel 1828 (BA), 1833 (BNL 23.7.1833). See also 17 Transport: coach office.

Hounds and Hare, North St, site unknown. Eliza Gilliland 1813 (BSD). Irish Arms, Smithfield, site unknown. Jane Davis 1813 (BSD). Red Cow, North St, site unknown. Alexander Davie 1813 (BSD). Rosemary Arms, Rosemary St, site unknown. Francis O'Neal 1813 (BSD). Shamrock, Smithfield, site unknown. Edward Gribbon 1813 (BSD).

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Tailor's Arms, Royal Ave, site unknown. Bernard Gribbin 1813 (BSD). Wellington, Barrack St, site unknown. George Johnston 1813 (BSD). Wheat Sheaf, May St, site unknown. Andrew Gibson 1813 (BSD), 1824 (Pigot). Wheat Sheaf, North St, site unknown. Mary Scott 1813 (BSD). White Cross, North St, site unknown. Mary Graham 1813 (BSD). Windmill, Ballymacarret, site unknown. Daniel Taggart 1813 (BSD). Royal Hotel, Donegall Place W., in former Donegall House (see 22 Residence). Opened in

c. 1820 (Patton, 105). Belfast Royal Hotel 1828 (BA). Kern's Royal Hotel 1835 (Leigh, 207). Cairn's Royal Hotel 1835 (Matier). =>

Belfast Commercial Hotel, Waring St S., in Commercial Buildings (q.v.). New hotel 1821 (BNL 20.2.1821). Commercial Hotel 1824 (Pigot). Belfast Commercial Hotel 1828 (BA). Commercial Hotel 1835 (Leigh, 207). =>

Campbell's hotel, Ann St, site unknown. Campbell's hotel 1821 (BNL 15.5.1821), 1824 (Pigot), 1828 (BA).

Anderson's inn, Victoria St, site unknown. Thomas Anderson 1824 (Pigot), 1839 (Martin). Belfast Arms Hotel, Rosemary St, site unknown. 1824 (Pigot), 1828, 1833 (BA). Hotel, Sugar House Entry, site unknown. Opened in 1826 (BNL 10.11.1826). Daly's hotel, Castle Arcade, site unknown. M . Daly 1833 (BA). Dublin Hotel, Ann St, site unknown. Mr Livingstone 1833 (BA). H. Livingstone 1835

(Matier). Hall's hotel, Waring St, site unknown. William Hall 1833 (BA). Hall's 1835 (Matier). Hope Hotel, Castle Arcade, site unknown. Mrs Clarke 1833 (BA). Hope Tavern 1835

(Matier). Hope Hotel 1839 (Martin). Hotel, Waring St, site unknown. John McCaldin 1833 (BA). Royal Temperance Hotel, Waring St S. (40254515). Mrs Lyons, Temperance Hotel 1833

(BA). Royal Temperance Hotel 1839 (Martin). See also 20 Education: news room. => Belfast, Corporation St E., site unknown. Mrs Boyle 1835 (Matier). Campbell's hotel, Castle St, site unknown. 1835 (Leigh, 207). Edinburgh Hotel, High St, site unknown. 1835 (Matier). McAldin's hotel, Waring St, site unknown. 1835 (Matier). McAllister's hotel, Graham's Entry, site unknown. Mrs McAllister 1835 (Matier). New Dock Hotel, Corporation St E., site unknown. John Harbinson 1835 (Matier). North Star Inn, North St S. (38054550). 1835 (Matier), 1839 (Martin). => Sloane's hotel, Donegall St, site unknown. 1835 (Leigh, 207). Smith's hotel, location unknown. 1835 (Matier). Smith's hotel, Victoria St, site unknown. 1835 (Matier). Vine Hotel, Castle Lane, site unknown. 1835 (Matier). Ulster Railway Hotel, Great Victoria St E. (35753745). Built in c. 1839 (Larmour, 62). => Carman's inn, Arthur St, site unknown. Hugh Young 1839 (Martin). Carman's inn, Görden St, site unknown. James Murray 1839 (Martin). Carman's inn, Little Donegall St, site unknown. David Watt 1839 (Martin). Cross Keys Inn, North St, site unknown. William Vint 1839 (Martin). Highlandman Inn, Ann St, site unknown. James Keenan 1839 (Martin). Londonderry and Coleraine Hotel, Corn Market, site unknown. Mrs Smith 1839 (Martin). Low's inn, Upper Church Lane, site unknown. James Low 1839 (Martin). Queen's Arms Inn, North St, site unknown. W.T Cunningham 1839 (Martin). Suffern's inn, North St, site unknown. James Suffern 1839 (Martin). Thistle Tavern and Hotel, Waring St, site unknown. James Watt 1839 (Martin). Printing offices:

Location unknown, probably same as next entry. 1694 (Benn, 1877, 425). Patrick Neill and Co. 1699 (Dix, 157).

Bridge St, site unknown. James Blow 1704 (Benn, 1877, 429), 1706 (Dix, 158). Daniel Blow 1759; closed in 1794 (Marshall, 1934, 16).

Location unknown. Robert Gardiner 1713 (Munter, 110). Bridge St, site unknown. James Magee 1736 (Munter, 178), 1745 (Greeves, 39), 1760

(Marshall, 1908, 63). James and William Magee 1775; William Magee 1790 (Marshall, 1934, 16).

Bridge St, site unknown. Samuel Wilson 1736 (Munter, 308). Bridge St E. (39954405). Opened by Francis Joy in 1738 (BNL 16.2.1738). Robert Joy

1767 (PRONI, D509/257). High St S. (39954370). Henry Joy 1764 (BNL 6.3.1764), 1767 (PRONI, D509/265),

1795 (BNL 11.5.1795), 1826 (PRONI, D652/942). Bridge St, site unknown. John Potts 1739 (Munter, 213). High St, site unknown. Smyth and Lyons 1802 (BNL 13.8.1802), 1807, 1808 (Smyth

and Lyons). Pottinger's Entry, site unknown. In operation by 1831 (Marshall, 1934, 15). Closed,

moved to Corn Market in 1834 (see next entry). Corn Market W. (39604265). Moved from Pottinger's Entry (see previous entry) in

1834 (Marshall, 1934, 15). => Timber yards:

Near High St, site unknown. 1710 (RD 6/174/1711). Ann St S. (40904290). Saw pit and timber yard 1767 (PRONI, D509/173). Thomas Gregg's timber yard, Ann St S. (40604280). 1783 (PRONI, D509/627). Waring St N . (42154675). 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth). Church Lane, site unknown. Old timber yard 1794 (BNL 25.4.1794). Rosemary St S. (38004390). 1837 (Val.).

Timber pond, Corporation St E. (46555450) 1838 (Beatty). Hay yard, Castle St, site unknown. 1718 (RD 45/69/27864). Warehouse, near Corporation St, site unknown. 1719 (Donegall rental). Warehouse, North St, site unknown. John Ferguson's warehouse 1734 (RD 78/280/55489). Warehouse, North St, site unknown. Robert Armstrong's warehouse 1734 (RD

78/280/55489). Granary, Ann St, site unknown. 1761, 1765 (BNL 10.2.1761, 16.4.1765). Warehouse, near Ann St, site unknown. Opened by Benjamin Edwards for glass and iron

goods in 1788 (Westropp, 33). Mussenden, Adair and Bateson's bank, High St S., site unknown. Opened in 1752; closed

in 1757 (BNL 19.6.1752, 5.7.1757). Bank, Cooney's Court S. (40104370). Opened in c. 1784 (Hill , 74); new bank 1789 (BNL

7.10.1789), 1791 (Williamson). Closed in 1798 (Hill , 74). Belfast Bank, Castle Place N. (39004335). Bank of the Four Johns, to be opened 1787;

Belfast Bank opened in 1788 (BNL 8.6.1787, 31.10.1788; Mulholland). Old bank 1791 (Williamson). Closed in c. 1801 (Hill , 7). Converted to commercial use in 1804 (BNL 13.4.1804).

Discount office, Bridge St, site unknown. Opened in 1793; 1800 (Maguire, 1993, 34; BNL 22.10.1793, 4.3.1800), 1803 (BA), 1808 (Smyth and Lyons).

Belfast Bank, junction Callender St/Donegall Sq. North (39054110). Batt's Bank, opened in 1808 (Hill , 6). Belfast Bank 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), 1824 (Pigot), 1828 (BA). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Belfast Bank 1835 (Leigh, 206). See also below, Belfast Bank. =>

Belfast Commercial Bank, Royal Ave, site unknown. Belfast Commercial Bank, opened in 1809 (Bradshaw). Closed, moved to Waring St (see next entry) by 1815.

Northern Bank, Donegall Place W. (38004200). Montgomery's Bank, opened in 1809 (Hill , 6). Northern Bank 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), 1824 (Pigot). Closed, moved to Castle Place in 1825 (see below).

Belfast Bank, Waring St N. Belfast Commercial Bank, moved from Royal Ave (see above) by 1815 (Mason). Commercial Bank 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), 1824 (Pigot). Merged with Belfast Bank (q.v.) in 1827 (BNL 3.8.1827). Belfast Commercial Bank 1828 (BA). Belfast Bank c. 1830 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). =>

Belfast Savings Bank, Garfield St E., in house of industry (see 13 Administration). Opened in 1816 (BNL 9.1.1816). Belfast Savings Bank 1828 (BA).

Savings bank, King St E. (35204210). Opened in 1816 (BA). Rebuilt in 1830; savings bank 1837 (Lewis, i , 200). =>

Bank of Ireland, Donegall Place E. Opened in 1825 (Ollerenshaw, 17). Bank of Ireland c. 1830 (OS), 1835 (Leigh, 207), 1838 (Beatty). =>

Northern Bank, Castle Place N . Northern Bank, opened in 1825 (Hill , 31), 1828 (BA), c. 1830 (OS), 1835 (Leigh, 207), 1837 (Val.), 1838 (Beatty). =>

Provincial Bank of Ireland, Donegall St W , in former school (see 20 Education: David Manson's school). Opened in 1826 (Hill , 48). Provincial Bank c. 1830 (OS), 1835 (Leigh, 207), 1838 (Beatty). =>

Agricultural and Commercial Bank of Ireland, Donegall Place W. (37854280). Opened in 1836 (Ollerenshaw, 41). Agricultural Bank 1838 (Beatty). Closed in 1840 (Ollerenshaw, 43).

Ulster Bank, Waring St S. (40154490). Opened in 1836 (Lewis, i , 196). Ulster Bank 1838 (Beatty). =>

Public auction room, High St, site unknown. 1808 (BNL 6.12.1808). Commercial Buildings, Waring St S. Built, cost £20,000, in 1820 (Lewis, i , 196; BNL

3.11.1820). Belfast Commercial Hotel (q.v.), library and newsroom (see 20 Education), merchants' meeting place replacing Exchange (q.v.) assembly rooms in 1822 (Lewis, i , 196). Commercial Buildings 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). =>

United States consulate: 1833 (BA). Coal yards:

High St, site unknown. Richard Burke 1824 (Pigot). Prince's St, site unknown. Abigail Barkley 1824 (Pigot). Prince's St, site unknown. Dennis Murray 1824 (Pigot). Tomb St, site unknown. William Delap 1824 (Pigot). Tomb St E., site unknown. Patrick McCullough 1824 (Pigot). Waring St, site unknown. Christian Greenwood 1824 (Pigot).

Commercial Buildings (Benn, 1823, facing p. 90)

17 Transport Ford, R. Lagan, site unknown, probably same as next entry. Le Ford 1333 (Orpen, 139).

Ford 1552 (Benn, 1877, 11), 1579 (Hogan and O'Farrell, 189), 1599 (Cecil MSS, ix, 100), 1643 (MacCana, 44).

Long Cross, R. Lagan, Queen's Bridge (q.v.) S. (44454320), probably same as previous entry. Long Cross 1696 (Belfast map).

Saltwater Bridge, R. Blackstaff, Durham St to Sandy Row (34103670). Bridge 1611 (Benn, 1877, 86). Rebuilt in 1642 (Young, 1892, 23). Great bridge of Belfast 1689 (Mill in, 1938, 58). Unnamed 1715 (Maclanachan). Repaired 1718 (Grand jury presentments, 154). Saltwater Bridge 1725 (Funeral register, 30), 1791 (Williamson), 1835 (Matier). =>

Eccles Bridge, R. Farset, probably at Pottinger's Entry. Built by Hugh Eccles in 1664 (Young, 1892, 99). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1696 (Belfast map), c. 1708 (Pratt), 1715 (Maclanachan).

Bridge, R. Farset, Crown Entry (39604350). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 2), c. 1708 (Pratt), 1715 (Maclanachan).

Bridge, R. Farset, Donegall Arcade, site unknown. Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1), 1696 (Belfast map), c. 1708 (Pratt), 1715 (Maclanachan).

Chads Bridge, R. Farset, Com Market (39154325). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1). Mr Chad's bridge 1696 (Young, 1892, 189). Unnamed 1696 (Belfast map), c. 1708 (Pratt), 1715 (Maclanachan).

Sluice bridge, R. Farset, Church Lane to Skipper St (41004440). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 2), c. 1708 (Pratt). Sluice bridge 1723 (Funeral register, 28), 1755, 1765 (BNL 11.2.1755, 1.11.1765).

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Sluice bridge, William St South, S. end (40554190). Sluice 1685 (Phillips 1), 1696 (Belfast map). Sluice bridge 1706 (Minority accounts, i i , 3), 1718 (Grand jury presentments, 154).

Stone bridge, R. Farset, Bridge St (40654370). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1). Stone bridge 1693 (Story, 38). Unnamed 1696 (Belfast map), c. 1708 (Pratt), 1715 (Maclanachan). Stone bridge 1719, 1721, 1736 (Funeral register, 23, 25, 42), 1759 (BNL 5.1.1759), 1770 (Benn, 1877, 544).

The Long Bridge, 1755 (Delany)

Long Bridge, R. Lagan, Ann St to Bridge End. 21 arches, under construction 1685 (Phillips 1) ; completed 1685 (Phillips 2). Long Bridge, damaged in 1690, repaired in 1692 (O'Keeffe and Simington, 222). Unnamed 1696 (Belfast map). Repaired 1709, 1712, 1716, 1718; enlarged 1713 (Grand jury presentments, 25, 34-5, 42, 50, 105, 153, 161). Damaged by floods in 1744 (Mill in, 1938, 65). Bridge 1757 (Town plan). Unnamed 1768 (Whitworth). Long Bridge 1788 (Mulholland), 1789 (Lawson), 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson). Dangerous, ' in a state of total insufficiency' 1817; 1819, 1830 (Bradshaw; BNL 28.5.1819, 12.2.1830). Long Bridge 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). Demolished, replaced by Queen's Bridge in 1840 (see next entry).

Queen's Bridge, R. Lagan, Ann St to Bridge End, Built, to replace Long Bridge (see previous entry) in 1840 (BNL 16.6.1840). =>

Cromac Bridge, R. Blackstaff, Victoria St to Cromac St (41153510). Crumoak Bridge 1706 (Minority accounts, i i , 1). Cromac Bridge 1758 (Benn, 1877, 561), 1817 (BNL 19.12.1817). Bridge 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Cromac Bridge c. 1820 (McTear, 171). Bridge 1822 (Benn plan 1). Cromac Bridge 1823, 1832 (BNL 29.4.1823, 27.4.1832). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). =>

Bridge, Smithfield, site unknown. Bridge and slatt gutter with 2 arches 1718 (Grand jury presentments, 144).

Beers Bridge, R. Connswater, Beersbridge Rd, 1.25 km E. of city. Built in 1758-60 (BNL 7.7.1758, 3.10.1760). Beers Bridge 1834 (OS). Beer's Bridge 1838 (Beatty). =>

York Bridge, R. Milewater, York Rd, 0.25 km N . of city. Mile Water Bridge 1760 (Joy, 103), 1791 (Williamson). York Bridge 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Bridge 1833 (OS). =*>

Dublin Bridge, R. Blackstaff, Dublin Rd (37353585). Wooden bridge 1783 (Dobbs plan 2) . Dublin Bridge 1807 (BNL 21.8.1807). Bridge 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Dublin Bridge 1833 (BNL 1.3.1833). =>

Clowney Bridge, R. Blackstaff, Falls Rd, 1.25 Km W. of city. Clowney Bridge 1784 (BNL 19.3.1784). =>

Ormeau Bridge, R. Lagan, Ormeau Rd, 0.5 km S. of city. Built in 1809, collapsed in c. 1812 (Benn, 1880, 71-2). Rebuilt in 1812-14 (BNL 26.6.1812, 17.12.1814). New bridge 1823 (Benn plan 2). Unnamed 1833 (OS). In bad repair 1840 (BNL 6.3.1840). =>

Craven's Bridge, site unknown, presumably R. Farset, Shankill. 1812 (Dubourdieu, 511). Edward Bridge, Upper Church Lane to Victoria St (42104220). Edward Bridge 1815

(Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan). May's Bridge 1822 (Benn plan 1). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). In need of repair 1830 (BNL 16.2.1830). =>

May's Bridge, Oxford St (43654250). May's Bridge 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). =>

Albert Bridge, R. Lagan, East Bridge St to Albertbridge Rd. New bridge c. 1830 (OS). Lagan Bridge five arches, opened in 1835 (BNL 20.11.1835; Lewis, i , 193). New bridge 1837 (Mun. boundary repts). New Lagan Bridge 1838 (Beatty). =>

Bridge, R. Connswater, Newtownards Rd, 1.25 km E. of city. New bridge 1834 (OS), 1837 (Mun. boundary repts), 1838 (Beatty). =>

Loop Bridge, R. Connswater, Castlereagh Rd, 1.25 km E. of city. 1834 (OS). => Quay of Belfast, High St, N . side (41654485). 1668; Common Quay 1671 (Benn, 1877,

151). Enlarged in 1676 (Young, 1892, 177, 111, 134). Unnamed 1685 (Phillips 1). Merchants Quay 1692 (RD 7/98/1805). Key of Belfast 1696 (Owen, 5). In ruins 1709 (Young, 1892, 201). Marchant Kye 1715 (Maclanchan). Quay of Belfast 1718 (RD 20/347/10864). Closed on construction of High St by 1757 (see 10 Streets). See also below, Belfast dock.

Donegall Quay, Ann St to Queen's Sq. Built by Isaac Macartney in 1712 (Young, xii). Hannover Key 1715 (Maclanachan). Key 1757 (Town plan). The quay 1783 (Dobbs plan 2). Chichester Quay 1788 (Mulholland). Hanover Quay 1791 (Williamson), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Custom House Quay 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS), 1838 (Beatty).

Hanover Quay, High St, S. side (41754470). Georges Kye 1715 (Maclanachan). W. end closed on construction of High St by 1757 (see 10 Streets). Unnamed 1757 (Town plan). Hanover Quay 1788 (Mulholland). Unnamed 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson), 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Hanover Quay 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830

(OS), 1838 (Beatty). Chichester Quay, Queens Sq. N . Built by Thomas Greg in 1769 (Young, 1892, xii) .

Chichester Kay 1771; Mr Greg's key 1777; Gregg's quay 1787 (BNL 8.3.1771, 18.11.1777, 7.9.1787). Old quay 1788 (Mulholland). Chichester Quay 1791 (Williamson). Belfast Quay 1803 (BA). Chichester Quay 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Greg's quay or Chichester Quay c. 1820 (McTear, 169). Chichester Quay c. 1830 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). =>

Donegall Quay, Queen's Sq. to Albert Sq. (43104590). Merchants Quay 1783 (BNL 6.5.1783), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS), 1838 (Beatty).

North Quay, location unknown, perhaps same as Chichester Quay (q.v.). 1789 (BNL 10.3.1789).

Donegall Quay, Albert Sq. to Corporation Sq. Built by Henry Joy Tomb in 1804 (Sweetnam and Nimmons, 89). Donegal Quay 1815 (Mason). Donegall Quay 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Tomb's Quay c. 1820 (McTear, 168). Donegall Quay 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). =>

Ferry, location unknown. 1680 (Cal. S.P. dom., 1679-80, 456). Ferry, location unknown. 1729 (Harris, 129). Dock, High St N . (42004475). Dock 1696 (Belfast map). Dock, Donegall Quay E. (43704405). Dock 1686 (Belfast map). Belfast dock, High St, R. Farset/R. Lagan (42654520). Dock 1715 (Maclanachan). Dock of

Belfast 1718 (RD 20/347/10864). W. end closed on construction of High St by 1757 (see 10 Streets). Dock 1757 (Town plan), 1790 (Smyth), 1791 (Williamson), 1804 (BNL 30.3.1804). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). See also Quay of Belfast, Hanover Quay. =>

Cromack Dock, Cromac St E. (42653450). Cromack Dock 1776 (BNL 12.7.1776), 1791 (Williamson), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). =>

Lime Kiln Dock, Waring St E. Salthouse Dock 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth). Lime Kiln Dock 1791 (Williamson), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). =>

Ritchie's dock, Corporation St E. Lime Kiln Dock 1788 (Mulholland). Ritchie's dock 1791 (Williamson). John Ritchie's dock 1811 (BNL 24.9.1811). Ritchie's dock 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). See also 15 Manufacturing: Ritchie's shipyard. =>

New Dock, Bridge End N . (45604450). 1790 (Smyth). Clarendon Dock, Corporation Sq. Built by William Ritchie in 1796-1800 (Owen, 20). Dry

dock 1815 (Mason). Graving dock no. 1 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Corporation docks c. 1830 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). =>

May's dock, Ann St S. May's dock 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). =>

Clarendon Dock, Corporation Sq. Under construction 1818 (BNL 6.10.1818). Graving dock no. 2 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Completed in 1826 (Owen, 83). Corporation docks c. 1830 (OS), 1838 (Beatty).

York Dock, Garmoyle St E. Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Holmes and Dunbar's dock opened in 1832 (New plan; Lewis, i , 196). Dunbar's dock 1837 (Val.), 1838 (Beatty). =>

Lagan Navigation (Lagan Canal), R. Lagan. Begun in 1756, Belfast to Lisburn opened in 1763; extended to Aghalee in 1792; to Ellis's Gut, Lough Neagh in 1793 (McCutcheon, 1965, 40-45; BNL 3.1.1775, 16.3.1792, 21.12.1793). =>

Turnpike, North Queen St, 0.25 km N . of city. Milewater Turnpike 1757 (BNL 18.11.1757). Turnpike 1778 (Taylor and Skinner, 13).

Turnpike gate, Sandy Row (34903065). 1777 (Taylor and Skinner, 287). Turnpike gate 1783 (Dobbs plan 2).

Ballynafoy Turnpike, Ravenhill Rd, 0.25 km E. of city. 1791 (Williamson). => Toll house, Bradbury Place (35253075). Proposed in 1819 (BNL 27.8.1819). Turnpike

1837 (Mun. boundary repts). => Lighthouse, Belfast harbour, site unknown. 1782 (BNL 22.11.1782). Stables:

Joys Entry, site unknown. 1791, 1794 (BNL 21.6.1791, 5.5.1794). Ann St, site unknown. Ann Rutherford 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Ann St, site unknown. James Magee 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Ann St, site unknown. William McCully 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). High St, site unknown. John Ireland, livery stables 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). North St, site unknown. Jane Martin 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Prince's St, site unknown. Roger Quaille 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). Ann St, site unknown. Christopher Campbell 1808 (Smyth and Lyons).

Coach office, junction North St/Rosemary St, associated with hotel (see 16 Trades and services). 1828 (BA), 1833 (BNL 23.7.1833).

Belfast and Cavehill Railway. Line of railway 1833 (OS). Under construction 1837 (Lewis, i , 200). Opened for transportation of quarry stone to docks in 1840 (BNL 11.9.1840). =>

Ulster Railway. Belfast to Lisburn. Ulster Railway 1838 (Beatty). Opened in 1839 (BNL 30.8.1839). =>

Victoria Street Station, Great Victoria St W. Unnamed 1838 (Beatty). Opened in 1839 (Mulligan, 83). =>

18 Utilities Common pound, location unknown. 1683 (Joy, 58), 1713 (Funeral register, 15). Manor

pond 1738 (BNL 27.2.1738). Pound 1746 (Register, 22.6.1746). Pound, Pound St N . Opened in 1773 (BNL 28.5.1773); 1788 (Mulholland), 1791

(Williamson), 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS).

Dog yard, Donegall Place E. (38504285). 1783 (Lease plan 2). Munday's well, Sandy Row, site unknown, probably same as well, Sandy Row (q.v.).

Mundy's well 1678 (O'Byrne, 29). Munday's well 1795 (Water supply, 56). Well, location unknown. Near mill 1683 (Joy, 58). Mr Ewing's well, Peter's Hi l l , site unknown. 1721 (Grand jury presentments, 242). Well, Sandy Row W. (31003475), probably same as Munday's well (q.v.). 1837 (Mun.

boundary repts). Land reclamation:

Sea bank, Arthur Sq. to Oxford St (41604105). Sea bank 1685 (Phillips 1). Sea bench 1696 (Belfast map). Long Bank 1709 (Minority accounts, i i , 21), 1757 (BNL 9.12.1757), 1783 (Dobbs plan 2), 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth). The Bank 1791 (Williamson). See also 21 Entertainment.

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Sea fence, Waring St, site unknown. 1692 (RD 7/98/1805). M i l l bank, location unknown. 1717 (RD 20/347/10864). Land reclamation works, location unknown. 1787 (O'Brien, 166). Sea wall, stone, Ann St, site unknown. 1789 (PRONI, D509/728, 770 -71). Bridge End N. , S. (44654385). 'Intended improvements' 1791 (Williamson). Land reclamation works, foreshore N . of Milewater R., 0.25 km N. of city. Reclaimed

ground 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Embankments, Milewater R. mouth, 0.25 km N . of city. 1833 (OS).

Black pits, Peter's Hil l S. (34154710). 1696 (Belfast map). Deaths pit, Peter's Hil l S. (33454700). 1696 (Belfast map). Farset culvert, High St, R. Farset. E. end culverted 1715 (Maclanachan). Extended to

junction with Church Lane 1757 (Town plan); to Weighhouse Lane 1788 (Mulholland); to Princes St 1804 (BNL 20.3.1804). =>

Weigh houses: High St, site unknown. Public weigh house 1722 (RD 102/105/69897). Tomb St W. Weigh house 1758 (BNL 15.12.1758), 1817 (BA). 'Plain, low building'

1823 (Benn, 1823, 99). Weigh house c. 1830 (OS). Prince's St, site unknown. 1785; 'old' , replaced in 1804 (BNL 29.11.1785, 27.3.1804). Smithfield Market (see 16 Trades and services). 'Newly installed' 1803 (BNL

15.2.1803), 1828 (BA). Waring St, site unknown. 1808 (Smyth and Lyons), 1812 (Dubourdieu, 529). May St N. , in May's market (see 16 Trades and services). 1828 (BA). =>

Street lighting. 130 lamps obtained in 1766; 1773 (BNL 3.10.1766, 15.10.1773). Gas lights: introduced in 1823 (Malcolm, 81). =>

Fountain, Fountain St W. (36954205). 1790 (Smyth). Fountain, Linen Hall St, site unknown. 1801 (BNL 28.8.1801). Fountain, Cromac St, site unknown. 1807 (Loudan, 44). Fountain, Donegall Rd S. (33003080). 1837 (Mun. boundary repts). Fountain, Sandy Row W. (32653370). 1837 (Mun. boundary repts). => New burial ground, Clifton St N. , in association with poor house (see 13 Administration).

Opened in 1797, oldest gravestone 1799 (Larmour, 1; Clarke, iv, ix). Burying ground 1815 (Mason). Extended in 1819 (Larmour, 1). Burying ground 1822 (Benn plan 1). 2nd area opened in 1828 (Clarke, iv, ix). New burying ground c. 1830 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). =>

Caretaker's lodge: built in 1840 (Clarke, iv, ix). => Baths, Peter's Hi l l N . (34304735). Opened by Dr Forsythe in 1805 (Malcolm, 29). Warm,

cold and sulphuric baths 1825 (BNL 18.7.1825), 1828 (BA). 'Improved' in 1829 (BNL 18.9.1829). =>

Baths, North St, site unknown. Israel Milliken 1819 (Bradshaw).

Reservoir, Bankmore St N . Reservoir 1807 (Loudan, 44). Fountain 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Reservoir 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS), 1837 (Cuming), 1838 (Beatty). =>

Fire engine house, Arthur Sq. (39704255). 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Fire engine yard, Church St, site unknown. 1819 (BNL 16.7.1819). Gas works, Ormeau Rd E. Opened in 1823 (BNL 1.9.1823). Gas works, 4 gasometers c.

1830 (OS). Gasworks 1838 (Beatty). See also 22 Residence: Gasfield House. => Town council yard, May St N . c. 1830 (OS). =>

19 Health Hospital, location unknown. 1655 (Young, 1896, 101). Military hospital, location unknown. 1689 (Story, 50), 1690 (Cal. S.P. dom., 1689-90, 300,

509). Infirmary, Clifton St N. , in poor house (see 13 Administration). Opened in 1774 (Strain,

289); 1789 (Lawson). Asylum, Clifton St N. , in poor house (see 13 Administration). Opened in 1774; closed in

1829 (Strain, 289). Dispensary, Clifton St N. , in poor house (see 13 Administration). Opened in c. 1775 (Smith

and Hughes, 8). Closed, replaced by Belfast Dispensary in c. 1792 (see next entry). Belfast Dispensary and Fever Hospital, Berry St, site unknown. General town dispensary,

built to replace dispensary (see previous entry) in c. 1792 (Smith and Hughes, 8). Belfast Dispensary 1795 (BNL 13.11.1795). Belfast Dispensary and Fever Hospital incorporating fever hospital, opened in 1797 (Benn, 1880, 26). Dilapidated, closed, patients transferred to new premises in 1799 (see next entry).

Belfast Dispensary and Fever Hospital, Smithfield Sq. North, site unknown. Moved from Berry St (see previous entry) in 1799 (Malcolm, 5 3 ^ ) . Dispensary and fever hospital 1803 (BA). Belfast Dispensary and Fever Hospital 1809 (BMM 1.4.1809). Closed, replaced by Belfast Infirmary and Fever Hospital in 1817 (see next entry).

Fever Hospital, Frederick St (Benn, 1823, facing p. 109)

Belfast Infirmary and Royal Hospital, Frederick St N . Built to replace Belfast Dispensary and Fever Hospital (see previous entry) in 1817 (Benn, 1823, 108-9). Infirmary 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). Fever hospital, dispensary 1824 (Pigot). Cholera wards built at rear in 1832 (Malcolm, 98). Fever hospital, dispensary 1835 (Leigh, 205). Accommodation for 226 patients 1837 (Lewis, i , 199). Fever hospital 1838 (Beatty). =>

Lying-in hospital, Donegall St, site unknown. Opened in 1794 (BNL 3.1.1794). Lying-in hospital 1803, 1817, 1828 (BA). 'Inadequate' 1829 (BNL 14.7.1829). Closed, patients transferred to new premises in Lancaster St (see below) in 1830.

Temporary typhus ward, Frederick St N. , in Lancasterian School (see 20 Education). Set up during typhus epidemic in 1817 (BNL 18.11.1817).

Military and fever hospital, Barrack St E., in former barracks (see 12 Defence). Military hospital, opened in c. 1825 (Gaffikin, 10). Hospital c. 1830 (OS). Fever hospital 1837 (Val.).

Belfast Lunatic Asylum, junction Falls Rd/Grosvenor Rd, 0.75 km W. of city. Foundation stone laid in 1827, opened in 1829 (BNL 18.5.1827, 26.5.1829). 119 inmates 1832 (BA). Extension opened in 1836 (Pari, gaz., i , 238). Perimeter wall, porter's lodge, accommodation for 104 patients 1837 (Lewis, i , 199). =*>

Lying-in hospital, Lancaster St, site unknown. Built to replace lying-in hospital, Donegall St (q.v.) in 1830; closed, replaced by new lying-in hospital (see next entry) in 1830 (Malcolm, 44-5).

Lying-in hospital, Clifton St S. Opened to replace lying-in hospital, Lancaster St (see previous entry) in 1830; 18 patients (Malcolm, 87, 45). Lying-in hospital c. 1830 (OS), 1832 (New plan), 1838 (Beatty).

Temporary cholera ward, Dublin Rd, site unknown. Set up during cholera epidemic in 1832 (BNL 14.2.1832).

Temporary cholera ward, Millfield, site unknown. Set up during cholera epidemic in 1832 (BNL 14.2.1832).

Temporary cholera ward, Lancaster St, site unknown. Set up during cholera epidemic of 1832 (Malcolm, 98).

Ballymacarret Dispensary, Ballymacarret, site unknown. Opened in c. 1810; 1835 (Malcolm, 108-9).

Dispensary, Chapel Lane, site unknown. Opened in 1827 (BA). Closed in 1839 (Malcolm, 94).

Lying-in dispensary, William St, site unknown. Opened in 1831 (BNL 10.5.1831). Ballymacarret Dispensary, Bridge End, site unknown. Opened in 1833 (BA; BNL

30.8.1833). =>

20 Education Earl of Donegall's school, Church Lane E., site unknown, probably in grounds of Chapel

of the Ford (see 11 Religion). 1st earl of Donegall's school, opened in 1666 (Benn, 1877, 448). School house 1688 (Young, 1892, 166), 1715 (Deeds 1, 17). Earl of Donegall's school 1754; Chichester School 1776 (BNL 8.2.1754, 20.12.1776).

Mr Guitar's fencing school, High St S., in market house (see 16 Trades and services). 1750, 1766 (BNL 24.7.1750, 18.4.1766).

William Carmichael's English school, Shaw's Entry, site unknown. Opened in 1755 (BNL 14.10.1755).

David Manson's evening school, Legge's Lane, site unknown. Opened in 1755 (BNL 28.10.1755). 20 pupils 1757 (Marshall, 1908,62). Closed, pupils transferred to new premises in c. 1760 (see next entry).

David Manson's boarding school, High St, site unknown. Opened, pupils transferred from Legge's Lane (see previous entry) in 1760 (Marshall, 1908, 63). Closed, pupils transferred to new premises in c. 1762 (see next entry).

David Manson's school, Rosemary St, site unknown. Opened, pupils transferred from High St (see previous entry) in c. 1762 (Marshall, 1908, 65). Closed, pupils transferred to new premises in 1768 (see next entry).

David Manson's school, Donegall St W , on site of Provincial Bank of Ireland (see 16 Trades and services). Opened, pupils transferred from Rosemary St (see previous entry) in 1768 (Marshall, 1908, 65). Closed, pupils transferred to new premises in 1782 (see next entry).

David Manson's school, Donegall St E., site unknown. Opened in 1782 (BNL 9.4.1782; Marshall, 1908, 69). See also 15 Manufacturing: brewery.

George Rupton's writing school, Donegall St, site unknown. Opened in 1757 (BNL 11.11.1757).

James Baillie's school, North St, site unknown. Opened in 1757 (BNL 28.10.1757). James Hill's reading school, Johnston's Entry, site unknown. 1757 (BNL 3.6.1757). James Morphett's mathematics school, Donegall St, site unknown. Opened in 1758 (BNL

10.3.1758). Closed, pupils transferred to new premises in 1759 (see next entry). James Morphett's boarding and day school, corner of Donegall St, site unknown. Opened,

pupils transferred from former premises (see previous entry) in 1759 (Harte, 29), 1760 (BNL 26.2.1760).

William Dowglass's school, North St, site unknown. 1758 (BNL 14.7.1758). Closed, pupils transferred to new premises in 1760 (see next entry).

William Dowglass's school, Ann St, site unknown. Opened, pupils transferred from premises in North St (see previous entry) in 1760 (BNL 10.10.1760). Closed, pupils transferred to premises on North St in c. 1764 (see next entry).

William Douglass's arithmetic and book-keeping school, North St, site unknown. Opened, pupils transferred from premises in Ann St (see previous entry) in c. 1764 (BNL 9.3.1764).

William Eccles's school, Waring St, site unknown. Opened in c. 1760 (BNL 8.2.1760). Closed, pupils transferred to new premises in 1760 (see next entry).

William Eccles's school, Rosemary St, site unknown. Opened, pupils transferred from premises in Waring St (see previous entry) in 1760 (BNL 14.11.1760). Closed, pupils transferred to new premises in 1782 (see next entry).

Mr Eccles's writing school, Donegall St E., site unknown. Opened, pupils transferred from premises in Rosemary St (see previous entry) in 1782 (Marshall, 1908, 65).

John Thompson's evening mathematical school, Broad St, site unknown. Pupils transferred to new premises in Fivey's Entry (see next entry) in 1760 (BNL 29.4.1760).

Loftus Woods' school, Fivey's Entry, site unknown. Opened, pupils transferred from premises in Broad St (see previous entry) in 1760; Loftus Woods' school 1764 (BNL 11.11.1760, 13.3.1764). Closed, pupils transferred to new premises in 1765 (see next entry).

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Woods' and Macoughtry's boarding school, North St, site unknown. Opened, pupils transferred from premises in Fivey's Entry (see previous entry) in 1765 (BNL 5.7.1765). Closed, pupils transferred to new premises in 1766 (see next entry).

Woods' and Macoughtry's school, Castle Arcade, site unknown. Opened, pupils transferred from former premises (see previous entry) in 1766 (BNL 7.11.1766). Closed, pupils transferred to new premises in 1768 (see next entry).

Woods' mathematical school, Donegall St E., site unknown. Opened, pupils transferred from premises in Castle Arcade (see previous entry) in 1768 (Marshall, 1908, 65).

Charity school, location unknown. 1764 (BNL 14.8.1764). Jane Pulvertaft's embroidery school, Pottinger's Entry, site unknown. Opened in 1764

(BNL 17.4.1764). Mary McKee and Christian Wilson's sewing school, Legge's Lane, site unknown. 1764

(BNL 13.1.1764). Latin school, location unknown. 1765 (BNL 13.8.1765). William Atkinson's mathematical school, Rosemary St, site unknown. Opened by 1765

(BNL 12.4.1765). Closed, pupils transferred to new premises in 1767 (see next entry).

William Atkinson's mathematical school, Waring St N. , site unknown. Opened, pupils transferred from premises in Rosemary St (see previous entry) in 1767 (BNL 18.8.1767); 1777 (Longfield, 57).

John Mawhinney's school, Pottinger's Entry, site unknown. Opened in 1766 (BNL 25.4.1766).

Jane Ross's reading school, North St, site unknown. Opened by 1767 (BNL 27.6.1767). Jeremiah Crane's French school, location unknown. Opened by 1767 (BNL 11.8.1767). John Barker's school, Castle St, site unknown. Opened by 1767 (BNL 14.8.1767). Dumont's dancing school, High St S., in market house (see 16 Trades and services). 1771

(BNL9J.\11\). Old meeting house school, location unknown. Old meeting house school 1771; charity

school 1772 (BNL 10.9.1771, 11.8.1772). Robert Jameson's school, Donegall St, site unknown. 1774 (BNL 4,10.1774). Hugh Harper's English school, Graham's Entry, site unknown. 1775 (BNL 15.9.1775). Poor house school, Clifton St N. , in poor house (see 13 Administration). Opened in 1776

(BNL 26.3.1776). 56 boys, 67 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 275a). Mr Lacy's language school, location unknown. French and Spanish school 1778 (BNL

11.12.1778). Mr Pye's flute school, location unknown. 1778 (BNL 25.9.1778). Mr Clagget's music school, location unknown. Violin, cello and guitar taught 1779 (BNL

5.10.1779). Mr Wilson's writing and drawing school, Corporation St, site unknown. 1779 (BNL

19.1.1779). Mrs Ware's boarding school for young ladies, Donegall St, site unknown. Opened in 1780

(BNL 19.9.1780). John Ross's school, Church Lane, site unknown. 1781 (BNL 16.2.1781). Margaret Cullin's pastry and cookery school, Dalzell's Row, site unknown. Opened in

1781 (BNL 19.6.1781). Mr Denning's mathematical school, Skipper St, site unknown. 1784 (BNL 10.2.1784). Belfast Royal Academy, Academy St N. (38454720). Belfast Academy opened in 1785; 90

scholars 1786 (BNL 9.12.1785, 23.12.1786). Academy 1791 (Williamson), 1802 (BNL 14.12.1802), 1823 (Benn, 1823, 127). Belfast Academy 1824 (Pigot). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). 120 boys 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 274a). Academy 1838 (Beatty). =>

William Goyer's school, Queen's Sq., site unknown. 1785 (BNL 26.7.1785). Sunday school, High St S., in market house (see 16 Trades and services). 200 pupils 1786

(BNL 17.3.1786). Lewis O'Neill's school, Church Lane, site unknown. Opened in 1790 (BNL 15.10.1790). Mr McNamara's school, Skipper St, site unknown. Opened in 1790 (BNL 12.1.1790). Belfast New Academy, Ann St, site unknown. Opened in 1791 (BNL 13.9.1791). Closed,

pupils transferred to new premises in 1792 (see next entry). Belfast New Academy, Donegall St, site unknown. Opened, pupils transferred from

premises in Ann St (see previous entry) in 1792 (BNL 30.10.1792). Jane and Catherine McConkey's embroidery school, Skipper St, site unknown. Opened by

1791 (BNL 22.4.1791). Belfast Second Academy, Smithfield, site unknown. Opened, pupils transferred from

Caldwell's Row in 1792 (BNL 31.7.1792). Closed, pupils transferred to new premises in 1799 (see next entry).

Belfast Second Academy, High St, site unknown. Pupils transferred from premises in Smithfield (see previous entry) in 1799 (BNL 8.10.1799).

Durant's French school, Donegall St W. 1794 (BNL 29.4.1794). William King's mathematics school, Graham's Entry, site unknown. Opened in 1794 (BNL

23.6.1794). Closed, pupils transferred to new premises in 1796 (see next entry). William King's mercantile and mathematical school, North St, site unknown. Opened,

pupils transferred from premises in Graham's Entry (see previous entry) in 1796 (BNL 15.8.1796).

Union School, Royal Ave, site unknown. Opened in 1795 (Malcolm, 41; BNL 23.11.1795). 25 girls 1797; 1801 (BNL 25.12.1797, 2.6.1801). Closed, pupils transferred to new premises in c. 1803 (see next entry).

Union School, Waring St, site unknown. Pupils transferred from premises in Royal Ave (see previous entry) in c. 1803 (BNL 27.5.1803; BA).

English school, Crown Entry, site unknown. 1800 (BNL 24.6.1800). Mr Andrew's English school, North St, site unknown. 1800 (BNL 27.6.1800). Asylum for the blind, Biggar's Entry, site unknown. Opened in 1801; 13 pupils 1803 (BA,

BNL 20.9.1803); 1808 (Smyth and Lyons), 1810 (Old Belfast, 25). Public day school, North St, site unknown. Opened in 1801 (Malcolm, 53). 50 boys, 60

girls 1803 (BA). Closed, pupils transferred to new premises in c. 1808 (see next entry).

Public day school, Berry St, site unknown. Opened, pupils transferred from premises in North St (see previous entry) in c. 1808 (Smyth and Lyons).

Belfast Sunday school, Ferguson's Court, site unknown. Opened in 1802 (Dubourdieu, 532). Weekly or Sunday school 1803 (BA). 120 scholars 1803; 149 scholars 1806 (BNL 22.7.1803, 16.9.1806).

Gordon's school, Church Lane, site unknown. 1803 (BNL 24.6.1803). Mr Bredin's academy, Bridge St, site unknown. Opened in 1803 (BNL 1.7.1803). Robert Hart's music school, Ann's St, site unknown. Opened in 1804 (BNL 21.12.1804).

Mrs Barr's boarding school for young ladies, Castle St, site unknown, perhaps same as Letitia Barr's day school (q.v.). Opened in 1806 (BNL 7.10.1806).

Acheson and Lyons' academy, Church Lane, site unknown. Classical, commercial and mathematical school opened in 1807 (BNL 1.5.1807); 1808 (Smyth and Lyons), 1809 (Malcolm, 63).

Bunting and Ash's boarding school for young ladies, Donegall St, site unknown. 1807, 1808 (Smyth and Lyons).

Drawing school, Castle St, site unknown. R.W Dyke 1807 (Smyth and Lyons). Harp school, location unknown. 1807 (Malcolm, 63), 1812 (Dubourdieu, 537). William Percy's school, Pottinger's Entry, site unknown. Opened in 1807 (McNally, 40). Belfast Sunday school, near Waring St, site unknown. 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Lamont and Ireland's boarding school for young ladies, Donegall St, site unknown. 1808

(Smyth and Lyons). Robinson's boarding school for young ladies, Donegall St, site unknown. 1808 (Smyth and

Lyons). Susanna Allen's boarding school for young ladies, Wilson's Entry, site unknown. 1808

(Smyth and Lyons). Susanah Ware's school, Bank St, site unknown. 1808 (Smyth and Lyons). Belfast Classical, English and Mercantile School, Corn Market, site unknown. 1809 (BNL

15.8.1809). Irish language school, location unknown. Opened in 1809 (BNL 28.7.1809). Mr Mclntyre's school, South William St, site unknown. Opened in 1809 (BNL 31.3.1809). Mrs Seton's boarding and day school for young ladies, Castle St, site unknown. Opened in

1809 (BNL 13.10.1809). Ballymacarret Sunday and day school, site unknown. Opened for 200 poor pupils in 1810

(BNL 31.8.1810). Belfast Second Academy, Wilson's Court, site unknown. Opened in 1811 (BNL

20.8.1811). Lancasterian School, Frederick St N . Opened in 1811; 647 pupils 1812 (BNL 5.2.1811,

29.12.1812). Lancaster School 1815 (Mason). Lancasterian School 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Frederick Street Sunday School; Frederick Street School 1814 (BNL 5.8.1814; Benn, 1880, 95). Included deaf and dumb instruction 1821 (BNL 20.4.1821). Lancasterian Free Day School, 240 boys 1824 (Glassford, 26). Lancasterian School 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS). See also 19 Health: temporary typhus ward. =>

Mr James Sheridan Knowles' school, Crown Entry, site unknown. Opened in 1811 (McNally, 41), c. 1813 (Benn, 1880, 100-1).

Smithfield Sunday School, Smithfield, site unknown. 1811 (BNL 27.12.1811). Closed, pupils transferred to Brown Street Sunday and daily school (q.v.) in 1816.

Union Street Sunday School, Union St, site unknown. Opened by William Booth for 120 children in 1811 (BNL 5.2.1811). Closed, pupils transferred to Brown Street Sunday and daily school (q.v.) in 1816.

Miss Balfour's Latin school, location unknown. Opened in 1812 (BNL 10.3.1812). Belfast first English school, Church St, site unknown. Opened in 1812 (BNL 4.2.1812). French evening school, Donegall St, site unknown. 1812 (BNL 5.5.1812). Irish music school, location unknown. 12 pupils 1812 (Dubourdieu, 537). Robert Hull's classical and mercantile school, Wilson's Entry, site unknown. 1812 (BNL

3.1.1812). Samuel Lyons' classical and mercantile school, Com Market, site unknown. 1812

(Dubourdieu, 530). Adam Lewis's boarding school, Castle Lane, site unknown. 1813 (BSD). Anne Ware's young ladies' seminary, Chichester St, site unknown. 1813 (BSD). Catherine Kilwick's seminary for young ladies, Thompson's Court, site unknown. 1813

(BSD). David Boyd's classical, English and mercantile school, Royal Ave, site unknown. 1813

(BSD). 'Licensed and old established' 1818 (BNL 7.7.1818). David Boyd's weekday school, 12 boys, 38 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 276a).

John Bunting's seminary for young ladies, Donegall Place, site unknown. 1813 (BSD), 1824 (Pigot).

Miss Featherstone's school, Castle St, site unknown. 1813 (BSD). Miss Hutton's seminary for young ladies, Donegall St, site unknown. 1813 (BSD). Misses Fergusons's boarding school, Chichester St, site unknown. 1813 (BSD). Mrs Cooke's school for young ladies, South William St, site unknown. 1813 (BSD). Robert Telfair's school for young ladies, Joy's Entry, site unknown. 1813 (BSD). Samuel Bullock's classical academy, High St N . (40804460). George Bullock and Son

1813 (BSD). George and Samuel Bullick's English and mercantile school 1824 (Pigot). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Mr Bullock's classical and commercial school, 123 boys, 47 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 274a). Samuel Bullock's classical academy 1839 (Martin). =>

Brown Street Sunday and daily school, Brown's Sq. E. Opened as Sunday school to accommodate 1,000 in 1814; damaged in storm in 1814; rebuilt in 1815; reopened, incorporating pupils from Smithfield and Union Street Sunday Schools (q.v.) in 1816 (BNL 20.12 1814, 24.11.1815, 7.5.1816). Sunday school 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Daily school, 1,400 pupils, opened in 1822 (Benn, 1823, 111; Kerr, 20). Lancasterian free day school 1824 (Glassford, 29). School c. 1830 (OS). Brown Street School, 172 boys, 203 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 276a; Leigh, 207). Brown Street Public School 1837 (Val.). School 1838 (Beatty). =>

Joseph Whiteside's English and mercantile school, North St, site unknown. Opened in 1814 (BNL 1.4.1814).

Royal Belfast Academical Institution, College Sq. W. Belfast Academical Institution opened in 1814 (BNL 4.2.1814). College 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1). Academical Institution 1824 (Pigot). College c. 1830 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). 252 boys 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 274a). =>

Medical school: Opened in 1835 (Malcolm, 88-9). => Drummond's academy, North Queen St W , 0.25 km N. of city. 1815 (Mason). Reverend J. Alexander's school for young ladies, High St, site unknown. 1815 (BNL

27.10.1815). J. Ferrall's shorthand school, Waring St, site unknown. 1817 (BNL 2.9.1817). Mr and Mrs John Keenan's academy for young ladies, Royal Ave, site unknown. Opened

in 1817 (BNL 20.6.1817). Reverend John W. Fea's classical and English school, Arthur St W. Opened in 1819 (BNL

23.7.1819). Closed, pupils transferred to new premises in 1820 (see next entry).

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Royal Belfast Academical Institution (Benn, 1823, facing p. 120)

Reverend John W. Fea's boarding school, Donegall Place, site unknown. Opened, pupils transferred from premises in Arthur St (see previous entry) in 1820 (BNL 22.9.1820).

Ballymacarret Free School, The Rookery, site unknown. 1820 (BNL 4.2.1820). Mrs Maywood's dancing school, Waring St N. , in Exchange (see 16 Trades and services).

1820 (BNL 5.5.1820). Polytechnic Academy, Castle St, site unknown. 1820 (BNL 3.11.1820). Methodist chapel school, Donegall Sq. East E., in Wesleyan Methodist meeting house (see

11 Religion). Opened in c. 1821 (Benn, 1823, 111). Donegall Street Roman Catholic Sunday school, Donegall St E., site unknown, probably

in St Patrick's Church (see 11 Religion). Opened in 1822 (Rogers and Macaulay, 37). 643 boys, 402 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 277a).

Female charity school, Thomas St, site unknown. 1822 (BNL 8.10.1822). Adelbert D'Oisy's school, location unknown, perhaps same as Mrs D'Oisy's boarding and

day school (¿7.v.). French and Italian school 1824 (Pigot). Ann Maria Keenan's school, Patrick St, site unknown. 1824 (Pigot). Barbara and Maria Digby's school, Royal Ave, site unknown, probably same as Mrs

Digby's school (q.v.). 1824 (Pigot). Eliza Featherstone's boarding school, Arthur St, site unknown. 1824 (Pigot). English school, location unknown. English school 1824 (Pigot). Ferdinand Besaucele's school, location unknown. 1824 (Pigot). M . Auchinleek's boarding school, Chichester St, site unknown. 1824 (Pigot). Margaret E. Rabbs' school, Church St, site unknown. 1824 (Pigot). Mary Hind's school, Waring St, site unknown. 1824 (Pigot). Mary Ware's boarding school, Upper Arthur St, site unknown. 1824 (Pigot). Mathematics school, location unknown. 1824 (Pigot). Miss McCann's school, Academy St, site unknown. 1824 (Pigot). Mrs Barr's school for young ladies, Nelson St, site unknown, perhaps same as Letitia

Barr's day school (q.v.). 1824 (Pigot). Mrs Lamont's boarding school, Arthur St, site unknown. 1824 (Pigot). Revd James Davies's boarding school, Castle St, site unknown. 1824 (Pigot). Revd Thomas D. Hincks school, location unknown. Classical school 1824 (Pigot). Robert Shaw's school, Castle Arcade, site unknown. 1824 (Pigot). St Patrick's School, Donegall St E., in St Patrick's Church (see 11 Religion). Opened in

1824 (BNL 21.5.1824). Closed, pupils transferred to new premises in 1828 (see next entry).

Donegall Street National School, Donegall St E. Built to replace St Patrick's School (see previous entry) in 1828 (Larmour, 5). Donegall Street National School 1829 (BA). School c. 1830 (OS). 270 boys, 350 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 274a). =>

Telfair's school, junction Telfair St/Ann St, site unknown. James Compton's school 1824 (Pigot). Telfair's school c. 1825 (Gaffikin, 17), 1832 (O'Byrne, 33).

Thomas Spence's school, location unknown. 1824 (Pigot). Spence's school c. 1825 (Gaffikin, 17).

Davis's school, Castle St, site unknown, perhaps same as Mrs Davis' classical school (q.v.). c. 1825 (Gaffikin, 17).

Shaw's school, Castle Place, site unknown, c. 1825 (Gaffikin, 17). Snugborough school, North St, site unknown. 'Long-established' 1825 (BNL 18.7.1825). R. Hull's writing seminary, Queen St, site unknown. Opened in 1828 (BNL 11.7.1828). Deaf and Dumb School, Donegall St E., in Congregational chapel (see 11 Religion). Deaf

and Dumb School c. 1830 (OS). Closed, pupils transferred to new premises in 1834 (see next entry). =*>

Institute for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind, King St, site unknown. Opened, pupils transferred from premises in Donegall St (see previous entry) in 1834 (Jordan, 46). Closed, pupils transferred to new premises in 1836 (see next entry).

Institute for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind, College St N. Opened, pupils transferred from King St (see previous entry) in 1836 (Malcolm, 105). Fountain centre 2002 (OS). =>

School, New Lodge Rd S., associated with Lodge Cotton Mi l l (see 15 Manufacturing), c. 1830 (OS). =>

St Anne's Church school, Donegall St E., associated with St Anne's Church (see 11 Religion). School c. 1830 (OS). Opened in 1831 (Malcolm, 95). 220 boys, 150 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 275a). Parochial school 1837 (Val.). =>

Laganvale School, Ballymacarret, site unknown. Boys and girls, opened in 1830 (BNL 3.8.1830).

Belfast College of Health, May St, site unknown. 1834 (BNL 4.7.1834). Bridge End National School, Newtownards Rd S., 0.25 km E. of city, associated with St

Matthew's Chapel (see 11 Religion). School 1834 (OS), 1837 (BNL 16.6.1837), 1838 (Beatty). =>

School house, Ravenhill Rd E. School house 1834 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). St George's Chapel of Ease daily school, High St S., associated with St George's Church

(see 11 Religion). Opened in 1834 (Malcolm, 95). => Academy, location unknown. 177 boys 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 275a).

Alice Hainan's day school, location unknown. 13 boys, 17 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 276a).

Bernard McDonnell's weekday school, location unknown. 24 boys, 10 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 275a).

Charles Grey's weekday school, location unknown. 25 boys 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 275a).

Christ Church Sunday school, location unknown, probably in Christ Church (see 11 Religion). 524 boys, 423 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 277a).

Dennis Christie's weekday school, Snugborough Court, site unknown. 62 boys, 26 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 276a). Dennis Christie's school 1837 (Val.).

E. McMaster's and Mary Hayes's free school, location unknown. 140 boys, 140 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 274a).

Eliza Ferrar's day school, location unknown. 22 boys, 20 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 276a).

Ellen Hammon's infant school, location unknown. 10 boys, 20 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 274a).

Francis Lee's English school, Little Patrick St, site unknown. Francis Lee's weekday school, 60 boys, 22 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 275a). Francis Lee's English school 1839 (Martin).

Grace Twig's weekday female school, location unknown. 25 pupils 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 276a).

Hibernian Female School, location unknown. 92 pupils 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 277a). Hibernian Male School, location unknown. 133 pupils 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 277a). Hugh Kerr's national school, location unknown. 45 boys, 30 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2,

272a). Isabella Watson's day school, location unknown. 10 boys, 4 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2,

276a). J. MTlroy's weekday school, location unknown. 37 boys, 29 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept

2, 275a). James Alexander's national school, location unknown. 32 boys, 28 girls 1835 (Publ. instr.

rept 2, 272a). James Elder's weekday school, location unknown. 4 boys, 10 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept

2, 276a). James Graham's national school, location unknown. 88 pupils 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2,

272a). James Mawhinny's classical day school, location unknown. 46 boys 1835 (Publ. instr. rept

2, 275a). James McKeag's national school, location unknown. 52 boys, 18 girls 1835 (Publ. instr.

rept 2, 272a). James Morton's English school, Kennedy's Place, site unknown. James Morton's weekday

school, 37 boys, 19 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 276a). James Morton's English school 1839 (Martin).

James Murphy's weekday school, location unknown. 30 boys, 21 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 274a).

James Paisley's English school, Castle Lane, site unknown. James Paisley's classical day school, 87 boys, 49 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 275a). James Paisley's English school 1839 (Martin).

James Pinkerton's weekday school, location unknown. 53 boys, 18 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 272a).

James Stewart's weekday school, location unknown. 60 boys, 20 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 274a).

James Stuart's weekday school, location unknown. 11 boys, 3 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 275a).

John Gillespie's weekday school, Joy's Entry, site unknown. 24 boys, 12 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 274a); 1837 (Val.). English school 1839 (Martin).

John Hamilton's weekday school, location unknown. 44 boys, 26 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 276a).

John Kirkwood's weekday school, location unknown. 57 boys, 31 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 272a).

John McGeary's weekday school, location unknown. 10 boys, 10 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 276a).

John Newell's academy, Cromac St, site unknown. John Newell's weekday school, 26 boys, 14 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 276a). John Newell's academy 1837 (Val.). English school 1839 (Martin).

John Stairs' weekday school, location unknown. 23 boys, 15 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 272a).

Joshua Mahood's weekday school, location unknown. 29 boys, 16 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 272a).

Lancastrian national school, location unknown. 207 boys, 168 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 275a).

Letitia Barr's day school, location unknown. 9 boys and 21 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 276a). See also above, Mrs Barr's school for young ladies.

Michael Marlow's weekday school, location unknown. 70 boys, 16 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 274a).

Miss Daly's weekday school, location unknown. 22 boys, 26 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 274a).

Miss Ferguson's drawing school, College Sq., site unknown. 12 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 274a), 1839 (Martin).

Miss Finlay's boarding and day school, location unknown. 45 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 273a).

Miss Kelly's boarding and day school, location unknown. 22 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 273a).

Miss Knowles's boarding and day school, location unknown. 15 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 273a).

Miss Lambert's boarding and day school, Chichester St, site unknown. 20 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 273a); 1839 (Martin).

Miss Lewis' boarding and day school, location unknown. 40 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 273a).

Miss McCord's boarding and day school, location unknown. 23 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 273a).

Miss McCready's boarding and day school, location unknown. 12 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 273a).

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Miss Morrow's boarding and day school, Chichester St, site unknown. 30 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept2, 273a); 1839 (Martin).

Miss Whittle's boarding and day school, King St, site unknown. 35 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 273a), 1839 (Martin).

Mr Cummins' weekday school, location unknown. 20 boys, 6 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 273a).

Mr Henny's weekday school, location unknown. 60 boys, 15 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 273a).

Mr Hook's classical school, location unknown, perhaps same as Charles Hook's school (q.v.). 54 boys 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 274a).

Mr McMaster's weekday school, location unknown. 37 boys, 22 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 274a).

Mr William McTherig's weekday school, location unknown. 22 boys, 7 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 272a).

Mrs Cotter's weekday school, location unknown. 7 boys, 9 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 274a).

Mrs Crawford's female school, location unknown. 21 pupils 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 274a).

Mrs Cullimore's school, York St, site unknown. Mesdames Cullimore's boarding school, 30 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 276a). Mrs Cullimore's school 1839 (Martin).

Mrs Davis' classical school, location unknown, perhaps same as Davis's school (q.v.). 49 boys 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 273a).

Mrs D'Oisy's boarding and day school, location unknown, perhaps same as Adelbert D'Oisy's school (q.v.). 44 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 273a).

Mrs Henderson's boarding school, location unknown, perhaps same as Misses Hendersons's day school (q.v.). 8 boys, 45 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 276a).

Mrs Keegan's weekday school, location unknown. 17 boys, 13 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 273a).

Mrs Kelly's infant school, location unknown. 11 boys, 9 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 272a).

Mrs Le Parr's boarding school, location unknown. 2 boys, 23 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 276a).

Mrs McCan's boarding school, location unknown. 3 boys, 27 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 275a).

Mrs McClune's boarding and day school, location unknown. 14 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 273a).

Mrs McDonnell's infant school, location unknown. 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 272a). Mrs Oliston's boarding school, location unknown. 12 boys, 38 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept

2, 273a). Patrick Moony's weekday school, location unknown. 19 boys, 6 girls 1835 (Publ. instr.

rept 2, 275a). Rachael McHeir's weekday school, location unknown. 14 boys, 22 girls 1835 (Publ. instr.

rept 2, 274a). Robert Dick's weekday school, location unknown. 14 boys, 12 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept

2, 275a). Sarah Emerson's day school, location unknown. 3 boys, 11 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2,

276a). Thomas Collier's deaf and dumb school, location unknown. 7 boys, 6 girls 1835 (Publ.

instr. rept 2, 273a). Thomas Hunter's weekday school, location unknown. 10 boys, 11 girls 1835 (Publ. instr.

rept 2, 272a). W. Ellis' weekday school, location unknown, perhaps same as Ellis's academy (q.v.). 20

boys, 100 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2, 273a). W. Martin's national school, location unknown. 38 boys, 36 girls 1835 (Publ. instr. rept 2,

272a). W. Mawhinny's national school, location unknown. 38 boys, 30 girls 1835 (Publ. instr.

rept 2, 272a). William Brown's weekday school, location unknown. 68 boys, 42 girls 1835 (Publ. instr.

rept 2, 276a). William Donaldson's weekday school, Talbot St, site unknown. 35 boys, 15 girls 1835

(Publ. instr. rept 2, 275a). William Donaldson's English school 1839 (Martin). William Gault's weekday school, location unknown. 30 boys, 12 girls 1835 (Publ. instr.

rept 2, 275a). William Hamill's weekday school, location unknown. 27 boys, 18 girls 1835 (Publ. instr.

rept 2, 274a). William Wilson's weekday school, location unknown. 14 boys, 6 girls 1835 (Publ. instr.

rept 2, 274a). Christ Church daily school, College Sq. North S., in Christ Church (see 11 Religion). 1836

(UT 18.8.1836). Charles Gregg's classical and English school, Frederick St N. , in Society of Friends'

meeting house (see 11 Religion). 1837 (Val.). Charles Hook's school, Castle Lane, site unknown, perhaps same as Mr Hook's classical

school (4.v.). 1837 (Val.). Ellis's academy, Bell's Lane, site unknown, perhaps same as W. Ellis' weekday school

(q.v.). 1837 (Val.). English Classical and Mercantile School, Alfred St W , site unknown. Opened in 1837

(BNL 13.10.1837). Presbyterian meeting house school, May St S., in May Street Presbyterian Church (see 11

Religion). Dr Hook 1837 (Val.). Ballymacarret National School, Albertbridge Rd N. , 0.5 km E. of city, associated with First

Ballymacarret Presbyterian Church (see 11 Religion). Opened in 1838 (BNL 18.5.1838). =>

Diocesan seminary boarding house, Crumlin Rd N. Converted from residence (see 22 Residence: Vicinage) by 1838 (Beatty). =>

Fisherwick Place National School, Fisherwick Place E. (36153965). Opened in 1838 (BNL 3.3.1838).

School, Newtownards Rd S., 0.75 km E. of city. 1838 (Beatty). Alexander Caimduff's mercantile school, Riley's Place, site unknown. 1839 (Martin). Charles Dalton's school, Donegall St, site unknown. 1839 (Martin). Collegiate school, Donegall Place, site unknown. Opened in temporary premises in 1839

(BNL 5.11.1839). Curtis St Seminary, Curtis St, site unknown. 1839 (Martin). Henry Hamilton's English school, Shankill Rd, site unknown. 1839 (Martin). J. Cassidy's dancing school, Chichester St, site unknown. 1839 (Martin).

James Thomas May's piano school, Franklin St, site unknown. 1839 (Martin). John Frazer's music school, Russel St, site unknown. 1839 (Martin). John Owen's English school, Seymour St, site unknown. 1839 (Martin). Joseph Hart's piano school, Great Patrick St, site unknown. 1839 (Martin). Madame Kennedy's dancing school, Castle Lane, site unknown. 1839 (Martin). Miss Algeo's boarding and day school, Corporation St, site unknown. 1839 (Martin). Miss Brown's boarding and day school, Gloucester St, site unknown. 1839 (Martin). Miss Hainen's needlework and English school, Talbot St, site unknown. 1839 (Martin). Miss Mason's preparatory school for young gentlemen, Grosvenor Rd, site unknown. 1839

(Martin). Miss McCreedy's boarding school, Chichester St, site unknown. 1839 (Martin). Miss Morrison's boarding school, Church St, site unknown. 1839 (Martin). Miss Shaw's ladies' day school, Donegall Pass, site unknown. 1839 (Martin). Misses Hendersons's day school, York St, site unknown, perhaps same as Mrs Henderson's

boarding school (q.v.). 1839 (Martin). Misses Le Pens's boarding and day school, Upper Arthur St, site unknown. 1839 (Martin). Mrs Digby's school, Royal Ave, site unknown, probably same as Barbara and Maria

Digby's school (q.v.). 1839 (Martin). Patrick Meeney's English school, Stanfield Place, site unknown. 1839 (Martin). R.W. Dyke's music school, Castle St, site unknown. 1839 (Martin). Revd Bernard Laughlan's classics school, Alexander St, site unknown. 1839 (Martin). Revd John Martin's school, College St, site unknown. 1839 (Martin). Robert McCune's music school, Upper Queen St, site unknown. 1839 (Martin). Roman Catholic diocesan seminary, Donegall St E. (37204925). Opened by 1839

(Martin). =s> Seyton Lockhart's classical school, Com Market, site unknown. 1839 (Martin). Smithfield School, Smithfield, site unknown. 1839 (Martin). Thomas Blain's English school, Arthur St, site unknown. 1839 (Martin). Thomas Fryar's arithmetic school, Waring St, site unknown. 1839 (Martin). Thomas Tyler's music school, Academy St, site unknown. 1839 (Martin). Townsend Street Presbyterian church school, Townsend St W., associated with Townsend

Street Presbyterian meeting house (see 12 Religion). Foundation stone laid in 1839 (BNL 27.12.1839). Hall 2002 (OS).

W. Eveson's English school, Great Patrick St, site unknown. 1839 (Martin). William Reid's music school, Ann St, site unknown. 1839 (Martin). Hugh Warrin's circulating library, High St, site unknown. 1772 (Adams, 37; Moore, 49),

1781 (BNL 12.6.1781). Belfast Circulating Library, location unknown. Opened in 1775 (BNL 23.9.1775). Circulating library, Wilson's Entry, site unknown. Opened in 1800 (BNL 2.12.1800). Linen Hall Library, Donegall Sq., in White Linen Hall (see 16 Trades and services).

Opened by Belfast Society for Promoting Knowledge in 1802; news room 1815; 3,000 volumes 1819 (BNL 11.6.1802, 13.10.1815, 21.12.1819). 8,000 volumes, news room 1837 (Lewis, i , 193). =>

Isabella Drummond's circulating library, Castle St, site unknown. Opened in c. 1804 (BNL 9.11.1804), 1807; Rose Drummond 1808 (Smyth and Lyons).

Medical library, location unknown. Opened in 1806 (Dubourdieu, 536). J. Hodgson and Co.'s circulating library, High St, site unknown. Opened in c. 1809 (BNL

18.8.1809). Library and news room, Waring St S., in Commercial Buildings (see 16 Trades and

services). Opened in 1820 (BNL 3.11.1820). Belfast Library 1828 (BA). 'Spacious and handsome news room' 1837 (Lewis, i , 193). =>

News room, Pottinger's Entry, site unknown. Opened in 1827 (BNL 15.6.1827). Religious reading room, Queen St, site unknown. Opened in 1831 (BNL 1.11.1831). News room, Waring St, in Royal Temperance Hotel (see 16 Trades and services). 1833

(BA). Northern Whig news room, Com Market, site unknown. 1833 (BA). Religious circulating library, Waring St, site unknown. 1833 (BA). Hodges bookseller's circulating library, High St, site unknown. 1835 (Matier).

21 Entertainment Bowling green, location unknown. 1666 (Benn, 1877, 292), 1669 (Deeds 1, 124a), 1685

(Benn, 1877, 285). Bowling green, location unknown. Old bowling green 1719 (Donegall rental). Bowling green, location unknown. 1731 (Deeds 1, 126), 1757 (Benn, 1877, 537). Bowling green, North Queen St W , in grounds of Lilliput Cottage (see 22 Residence).

1760, 1768 (Marshall, 1809, 65). Bowling green, Donegall St E. (38304760). 1790 (Smyth). Racecourse, location unknown. 1668 (Cal. S.P Ire., 1666-8, 584). Belfast Park, location unknown. 1685 (Hastings, i i , 396). Castle pleasure gardens, Castle St, site unknown, associated with castle gardens (see 12

Defence). 1717 (Deeds 1, 4, 8). Public gardens, Ballymacarret, site unknown, c. 1825 (Gaffikin, 11). Botanic Gardens, University Rd E., 0.25 km S. of city. Opened in 1828 (Scott, 28-9).

Botanic Gardens 1833 (OS). Botanical garden 1835 (Barrow, 40). Botanic garden 1837 (Cuming). Royal Botanical Gardens 1840 (Scott, 28-9). =>

Palm house: 2 wings opened in 1840 (Scott, 29). => The Bank, Arthur Sq. to Oxford St (41604105), used as promenade. Long Bank 1709

(Minority accounts, i i , 21), 1757 (BNL 9.12.1757). The Long Bank 1783 (Dobbs plan 2), 1788 (Mulholland), 1790 (Smyth). The Bank 1791 (Williamson).

Ash Walk, location unknown. 1719 (Donegall rental). The Mall, Donegall Sq. W. to Cromac St (39203740), used as promenade. The Mall 1767

(BNL 21.8.1767), 1781 (Dobbs plan 1), 1783 (Dobbs plan 2), 1788 (Mulholland), 1789 (Lawson), 1790 (Smyth). Unnamed 1791 (Williamson).

Malone ditch, Donegall Sq. N . to Sandy Row (35453875), used as a walkway. Double ditch from Malone to The Mall 1788 (Mulholland). Malone Ditch 1790 (Smyth). Unnamed 1791 (Williamson).

Playhouse, location unknown. 1731 (Funeral register, 36). Vaults Theatre, High St S. (42054475). Opened in 1751 (Clark, 218), 1753, 1765 (BNL

5.6.1753, 4.10.1765). Closed in 1766 (Patton, 333). The John, Divis St N. (34154340). Theatre Millgate opened in 1768 (BNL 13.9.1768;

Clark, 226-7). Mr Ryder's new theatre 1770 (Benn, 1877, 508). Under repair 1771 (BNL 16.7.1771). Closed, replaced by Little Theatre in 1778 (see next entry).

Little Theatre, Ann St N . (40154280). Opened in 1778 (Clark, 237). Little Theatre 1783, 1788 (BNL 24.6.1783, 4.1.1788).

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Theatre, Rosemary St S. (38304360). Opened, to replace former theatre (see previous entry) in 1784 (Clark, 246); 1788 (Mulholland). Closed, replaced by Belfast Theatre (see next entry) in 1793 (Clark, 270-3). 'Old theatre' 1800 (BNL 25.2.1800).

Belfast Theatre, Arthur St W. New theatre 1790 (Smyth). New playhouse 1791 (Williamson). Opened to replace theatre, Rosemary St (see previous entry) in 1793; floor collapsed in 1794; closed, under repair in 1805; reopened in 1806 (BNL 22.3.1793, 7.11.1794, 31.12.1805, 17.1.1806). Theatre 1815 (Mason), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1822 (Benn plan 1), c. 1830 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). ==>

Assembly rooms, Waring St N . in Exchange (see 16 Trades and services). Opened in 1776; 1779 (BNL 19.1.1776, 9.2.1779), 1837 (Lewis, i , 194). =>

Ballroom, North St N. , in former George Inn (see 16 Trades and services). Opened in 1795 (BNL 16.10.1795).

Nelson Club House, Donegall Place, site unknown. Nelson Club House, opened to celebrate 'hero of Trafalgar' in 1806 (BNL 14.1.1806); 1825 (Malcolm, 81), 1828 (BA).

Mechanics' Institute, Queen St W. (35904195). Opened in 1825 (Malcolm, 81); 1828 (A4), 1837 (Val.). =>

Irish Harp Society permises, Cromac St, site unknown. 1833 (BA). Waxworks, Orr's Entry, site unknown. 1790 (BNL 27.7.1790). Royal Wax Works, High St, site unknown. 1817 (BNL 19.9.1817). Royal Wax Works, High St, in former Crown Tavern (see 16 Trades and services). 1820

(BNL 11.2.1820). Bull baiting ring, at Ballymacarret strand, site unknown, c. 1800; prohibited in 1825 (BT

15.12.1934). Cockpit, Hi l l St, site unknown, c. 1820 (McTear, 70). Sea bathing pool, North Queen St E., in Lilliput Nursery Garden (see 14 Primary

production). Opened in 1800 (Marshall, 1908, 65). Common shower, tepid baths 1801 (fiA/L 29.5.1801).

McDonald's museum, location unknown. 1815 (BNL 12.9.1815). Belfast Museum, College Sq. North N. Museum c. 1830 (OS); opened in 1831 (BNL

1.11.1831); 1837 (Binns, 241).=* Victoria Music Hall, May St N. (40003975). Opened in 1840 (BNL 3.3.1840). => Racket court, Ballymacarret, site unknown, c. 1825 (Gaffikin, 11). Racket court, Shankill Rd, site unknown, perhaps same as next entry, c. 1825 (Gaffikin,

10). Belfast Racket Court, Peter's Hi l l , site unknown, perhaps same previous entry. 1839 (BNL

3.5.1839). Huguein and McCaud's gymnasium, Chichester St S. Opened in 1830 (BNL 23.11.1830).

Gymnasium c. 1830 (OS). Isaac Sparling's gymnasium, Fountain St W. (37054205). 1839 (Martin). => Equestrian arena, junction Upper Queen St/Wellington Place, site unknown. Closed in c.

1840 (BNL 30.10.1840).

22 Residence Single and paired houses M i l l House, Divis St S. (33204295), possibly George Macartney's residence. Unnamed

1685 (Phillips 1). M i l l House 1696 (Belfast map). Manse, Rosemary St N . (38504425), associated with First Presbyterian Church (see 11

Religion). Built in c. 1700 (McTear, 171); 1767 (Lease plan 1). Unnamed 1822 (Benn plan 1).

Mount Pottinger, Woodstock Rd E., 0.25 km E. of city. Mount Pottinger 1744 (Lewis, i , 143), 1777 (Taylor and Skinner, 5), 1789 (Lawson), 1791 (Williamson), 1834 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). =>

Orangefield House, Grand Parade E., 2 km E. of city. Orangefield 1747 (Benn, 1880, 175), 1777 (Taylor and Skinner, 5), 1789 (Lawson), 1812 (BNL 5.6.1812), 1833 (OS), 1837 (Lewis, i , 200), 1837 (Val.). ==>

Old Park, Old Park Rd N. , 0.5 km N. of city. Built in early 18th cent. (Molloy), 1789 (Lawson), c. 1820 (McTear, 78). Possibly rebuilt in c. 1835 (Molloy). Old Park 1833 (OS). =>

Lilliput Cottage, North Queen St W., 0.25 km N . of city. Built by David Manson by 1760 (Marshall, 1809, 65). Unnamed 1833 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). See also 14 Primary production: Lilliput Nursery Garden; 21 Entertainment: bowling green. =>

Manse, Rosemary St N. (38204420), associated with Second Presbyterian Church (see 11 Religion). Manse 1767 (Lease plan 1). Unnamed 1822 (Benn plan 1).

Castleton, York Rd W., 0.5 km N . of city. Jennymount c. 1775 (Benn, 1880, 226), 1777 (Taylor and Skinner, 13), 1791 (Williamson), 1810 (Sweetnam and Nimmons, 89), 1825 (Malcolm, 81), 1837 (Lewis, i , 200), 1838 (Beatty). =>

Grove, North Queen St W. 0.75 km N. of city. 1777 (Taylor and Skinner, 13), 1791 (Williamson), 1837 (Lewis, i , 200). =>

Mount Collyer, North Queen St W , 0.25 km N. of city. 1777 (Taylor and Skinner, 13), 1791 (Williamson), 1814 (Leet). Mount Collier 1819 (Bradshaw plan). Mount Colyer 1824 (Pigot). Mount Collier 1833 (OS), 1837 (Lewis, i , 200), 1838 (Beatty). ==>

Cromac Lodge, Donegall Pass S. (41203230). Cromac Lodge c. 1780 (Brett, 1976, 5). Cromac 1814 (Leet), 1824 (BNL 9.11.1824). Unnamed 1833 (OS). Cromac 1835 (Matier), 1837 (Lewis, i , 200), 1839 (Martin). =>

The Castle, Castle Place S. (38454270). The Castle 1783 (Dobbs plan 2), 1787 (Brett, 1976, 6), 1788 (Mulholland), c. 1830 (OS), 1838 (Beatty).

Donegall House, Donegall Place W. (38054110). Lord Donegall's house and garden, planned in 1783 (Lease plan 2); 1807 (Maguire, 1797, 66). Converted to hotel in c. 1820 (see 16 Trades and services: Royal Hotel).

Brick Hall, Sandy Row W. (32653780). 1791 (Williamson). Cliftonville, Cliftonville Rd N. , 0.25 km N . of city. The Lodge 1791 (Williamson).

Unnamed 1833 (OS). => Easton Lodge, Cliftonville Rd N. , 0.25 km N . of city. The Lodge 1791 (Williamson).

Unnamed 1833 (OS). Easton 1838 (Beatty). => Glentoran, Ravenhill Rd E., 0.25 km E. of city. Snugbrooke 1791 (Williamson), 1813

(BSD), 1834 (OS). Snug Brook 1838 (Beatty). => Fountainville Cottage, University Rd W. (35303155). Fountainville 1791 (Williamson),

1813 (BSD), 1814 (Leet). Unnamed 1833 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). => Lilliput House, North Queen St W , 0.25 km N . of city. Lilliput 1791 (Williamson), c. 1820

(McTear, 80). Unnamed 1833 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). =>

Ormeau House, Ravenhill Rd W., 0.25 km S. of city. Ormeau Cottage 1791 (Williamson). Enlarged in 1807 (Benn, 1880, 11-12). Rebuilt in c. 1820 (Dublin Builder 1.6.1859). Ormeau Cottage 1824 (Pigot). Stable block, lodge and pheasantry 1834 (OS). Ormeau House 1838 (Beatty). =>

The Lodge, Cliftonville Rd S., 0.25 km N . of city. 1791 (Williamson), 1833 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). =>

Vicinage, Crumlin Rd N. (32805360). Vicinage 1791 (Williamson), 1795 (Clarke, iv, ix). Unnamed 1833 (OS). Converted to diocesan seminary boarding house (see 20 Education) in c. 1838.

Bankmore House, Dublin Rd E. (37453505). Bankmore House 1812 (BNL 31.3.1812). Unnamed 1834 (OS), 1837 (Cuming). =>

Ardmoulin, Falls Rd N. , 0.25 km W. of city. Ardmoulin 1814 (Leet). Unnamed 1833 (OS). Ardmoulin 1839 (Martin). =>

Garden Hil l , North Queen St E. (39855605). Garden Hi l l 1814 (Leet), c. 1820 (McTear, 78). =>

Greenmount, North Queen St W. (40005795). Greenmount 1814 (Leet), 1819 (Bradshaw plan), 1832 (New plan), 1833 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). =>

Grovefield, Woodstock Rd W., 0.25 km E. of city. Grovefield 1814 (Leet), 1833 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). =>

Sea View Cottage, Antrim Rd E., 0.25 km N. of city. Sea View Cottage 1814 (Leet), c. 1820 (McTear, 162). Sea View Cottage 1832 (Molloy), 1833 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). =>

Snugville, Shankill Rd. N. , 0.5 km W. of city. Snugville 1814 (Leet). Unnamed 1833 (OS). =>

Laurel Lodge, Lepper St W. (37805585). Laurel Lodge 1813 (BSD), 1832 (Malcolm, 95). =>

Anchor Lodge, Ravenhill Rd E., 0.25 km E. of city. Anchor Lodge 1820 (BNL 25.4.1820). Anker Lodge 1834 (OS). =>

Beer's Bridge Cottage, Beersbridge Rd N., 0.75 km E. of city. Beer's Bridge Cottage 1820 (BNL 11.4.1820), 1834 (OS), 1835 (Matier), 1838 (Beatty). =>

Bellvue, University Rd E., 0.75 km S. of city. Bellview 1820; Belview, previously called Lagan Hi l l 1827 (BNL 12.9.1820, 19.6.1827). Unnamed 1833 (OS). Bellview 1835 (Matier). =>

Jocelyn Cottage, Woodstock Rd E., 0.75 km E. of city. Jocelyn Cottage 1820 (BNL 14.3.1820). Jocylin Cottage 1834 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). =>

Brown's Grove, Carrick Hil l , site unknown. 1821 (BNL 6.7.1821). Portview House, Newtownards Rd N. , 0.5 km E. of city. Portview House 1823 (BNL

17.11.1823), 1834 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). ==> Casino, North Queen St W. (35105355). Cassino 1824 (Pigot). Unnamed 1833 (OS). => Duncaim, New Lodge Rd N. (37855765). Fortfield 1824 (Pigot), 1833 (OS), 1837 (Lewis,

i , 200), 1838 (Beatty). => Pebble Cottage, Antrim Rd W. (33805795). Pebble Cottage c. 1825 (Gaffikin, 8). Pebble

Lodge 1838 (Beatty). => Beaver Hall, Newtownards Rd S., 0.5 km E. of city. Beaver Hall 1825 (BNL 12.8.1825),

1834 (OS), 1835 (Matier), 1838 (Beatty). ==> Henry ville House, Woodstock Rd W , 0.25 km E. of city. Henry ville House 1825 (BNL

22.4.1825), 1834 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). Rose Lodge, Donegall Pass S. (38503240). Rose Lodge 1825 (BNL 23.9.1825). Unnamed

1833 (OS). => Cotfield, Ravenhill Rd E., 0.25 km S. of city. Cotfield 1828 (BNL 8.4.1828), 1834 (OS),

1838 (Beatty). Trainfield House, Lepper St E. (36405550). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS), 1835 (Matier). => Ashfield, Ravenhill RdE., 0.25 km S. of city. Ashfield 1831 (BNL 29.11.1831), 1834 (OS),

1837 (Val), 1838 (Beatty). => Eden Vale Lodge, Castlereagh Rd N. , 0.75 km E. of city. Eden Vale Lodge 1831 (BNL

8.4.1831), 1834 (OS). Gasfield House, Ormeau Rd E. (43553400), associated with gas works (see 18 Utilities).

Built in c. 1832 (Patton, 259). Unnamed 1833 (OS). => Antrim Cottage, Antrim Rd W. (34105705). Unnamed 1833 (OS). => Brookvale, Cliftonville Rd N. , 0.25 km N . of city. Brookvale 1833 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). => Clifton Lodge, Cliftonville Rd N. , 0.5 km N . of city. Unnamed 1833 (OS). => Clonard House, Clonard St E., 0.75 km W. of city. Unnamed 1833 (OS). =>

Icehouse: 1833 (OS). => Cromac Cottage, Donegall Pass S. (41053235). Unnamed 1833 (OS). => Cromac House, Ormeau Rd E. (42203305). Unnamed 1833 (OS). => Duncaim House, New Lodge Rd N . (38955795). Duncaim 1833 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). => Mervue, North Queen St W. (38855935). Unnamed 1833 (OS). => Vermont, Lisbum Rd W , 0.5 km S. of city. Unnamed 1833 (OS). ==> Ashley Lodge, Newtownards Rd N. , 0.25 km E. of city. Unnamed 1834 (OS). => Ballymacarret House, Bryson St W , 0.25 km E. of city. 1834 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). =*> Beechfield, Bryson St W , 0.25 km E. of city. 1834 (OS), 1835 (Matier), 1838 (Beatty). => Bellville House, Newtownards Rd N. , 0.75 km E. of city. Bellville House 1834 (OS), 1835

(Matier). 1838 (BNL 12.1.1838; Beatty), 1839 (Martin). => Cluan Cottage, Albertbridge Rd N. , 0.25 km E. of city. Unnamed 1834 (OS). => Elm Grove, Beersbridge Rd S., 0.75 km E. of city. Elm Grove 1834 (OS), 1838 (Beatty). => Fanny's Cottage, Ravenhill Rd E., 0.25 km E. of city. Fanny's Cottage 1834 (OS). => Raven Hi l l House, Ravenhill Rd E., 0.25 km E. of city. Raven Hi l l 1834 (OS), 1835

(Matier). 1838 (Beatty). => Round Hi l l Cottage, Newtownards Rd S., 0.5 km E. of city. Round Hi l l 1834 (OS), 1838

(Beatty). => Round Hi l l House, Newtownards Rd S., 0.5 km E. of city. Round Hi l l 1834 (OS), 1838

(Beatty). => Shamrock Lodge, Ravenhill Rd E., 0.25 km E. of city. Shamrock Lodge 1834 (OS), 1838

(Beatty). => Willowfield, Rosemberry Rd E., 0.25 km E. of city. Unnamed 1834 (OS). => Brookfield, Tennent St W , 0.75 km W. of city. Brookfield 1835 (Matier). => Thomdale, Antrim Rd W. (32005860). Thomdale 1835 (Matier). => Prospect Cottage, Falls Rd, site unknown. Prospect Cottage 1837 (BNL 21.3.1837). Magdelene asylum, Donegall Pass N. (38303290). Magdalen asylum 1838 (Beatty). For

'reception of erring and repentant females reclaimed from a course of prostitution' 1840 (BA). See also 11 Religion: St Mary Magdelene church. =>

Vine Lodge, Henry St N. (41655255). Vine Cottage 1839 (Martin). => Rows and terraces Adelaide Place, Adelaide St W. (39253880). Row of 3 4-storey houses, built in c. 1828

(Patton, 3). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Adelaide Place 1831 (Donaldson). =>

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Pakenham Place, Dublin Rd E. (36803405). 3-storey houses, built in c. 1829 (Patton, 139). Pakenham Place 1837 (Val). Packingham Place 1838 (Beatty). =>

Glengall Place, Great Victoria St W. (35303890). Row of 4 5-storey houses (Patton, 164). Unnamed c. 1830 (OS). Glengall Place 1835 (BNL 15.12.1835). =>

Belvedere Place, Great Victoria St E. (35953525). Row of 3 houses, built by 1831 (Patton, 174). Belvedere Place 1837 (Val.).

Cliftonville, Cliftonville Rd S. (31755940). Unnamed 1833 (OS). Cliftonville 1838 (Beatty). =>

Glenfield Place, Ormeau Rd W. (42453015). Unnamed 1833 (OS). => Albion Place, Bradbury Place E. (35653135). Albion Place 3-storey houses (Patton, 38);

1835 (Matier), 1838 (Beatty). => Franklin Place, Franklin St N . (38953845). Row of 4 houses, built in 1835 (Patton, 153).

Franklin Place 1838 (Beatty), 1839 (Martin). => Albert Place, Donegall Pass N. (37053245). Built in c. 1836 (Patton, 98). => Aughton Terrace, Donegall Pass N. (40953330). Row of 8 2-storey houses, built in 1837

(Patton, 102). Aughton Terrace 1839 (Martin). => Carr's Row, Dublin Rd, site unknown. Carr's Row or Dublin Bridge 1837 (Val.). => Victoria Place, Great Victoria St W. (35703555). Row of 20 3-storey houses, built by 1837

(Patton, 166-7); 1838 (Beatty). => Botanic Terrace, Dublin Rd W. (36753480). Botanic Terrace 1839 (Martin). => Cranstone Place, Antrim Rd W. (33755385). Domingo Place 1839 (Martin). => Hughes Buildings, Divis St S., 0.25 km W. of city. Hughes Buildings 1839 (Martin). => Johnston's Buildings, Shankill Rd S., 0.25 km W. of city. 1839 (Martin). => Kennedy's Place, Shankill Rd S., 0.25 km W. of city. Kennedy's Place 1839 (Martin). => Napoleon Terrace, Donegall Pass N. (39653295). 3-storey houses (Patton, 101). Ingram

Place 1839 (Martin). =>

APPENDIX A

Pre-1700 maps of Belfast

The cartographic evidence for the topography of seventeenth-century Belfast comprises a group of four maps, all made in the first half of 1685 as part of a survey for the improvement of Irish fortifications by the English engineer Thomas Phillips (Phillips 1—4), and a sketch plan of the town drawn in 1696, which survives only in a later copy.

The Phillips maps fall into two groups, Phillips 1 and Phillips 2-4. Phillips 1 seems to be the earliest of the four maps, possibly the first of the surveys of provincial towns by Phillips. It is signed by Thomas Phillips and dated 1685. Unlike the other three it shows the Long Bridge as incomplete, suggesting that it pre-dates them. Also suggestive of an early date are the complex fortifications, comprising not only a 'citadel' on the strand with dimensions but also a large fortification around the town. In the later maps, including the final report, this was consistently simplified to the 'citadel' on the strand (Phillips 3-4). Phillips 1 is unusual in that it is not a plan but a bird's-eye view of the town, which may have been Phillips's intention for the maps of other provincial towns. The orientation of the map is also different from that of the others with north to the bottom of the map whereas in the other Phillips maps it is, more conventionally, to the top. This may be the result of the bird's-eye approach locating the viewer on the slopes of Cave Hil l to the north of the town. In this sense the map may be analogous to the 'prospects' or views of some Irish towns drawn by Phillips for his final report.

The overall effect of the map is impressive but its accuracy needs to be verified. In some respects the map shows not what existed but what was intended. This is the case with the land reclamation shown between the church and the river and to the south of the church, between the Rivers Blackstaff and Farset, with the reclamation works of the sea bank and the 'new cut river'. Between the church and the river the land was clearly not reclaimed in 1709, the property behind Church Lane being described as 'on the strand' (Minority accounts, f. 6v). This land was reclaimed after 1715 for Isaac Macartney's development of Brunswick Square. To the south the area between the Rivers Blackstaff and Farset is shown as unreclaimed on Maclanachan's map of 1715. This land seems to have been intended for reclamation and the proposed town defences shown on Phillips 1 would have required such a scheme. The depiction of the principal buildings in the town — the castle, church and market house — is accurate and the line of the defences is correctly shown to have been incomplete despite the fact that other maps in this series complete them with solid lines, though not coloured like the standing rampart.

At a micro level Phillips 1 may be a less accurate depiction of the town. The houses in North Street and Castle Street all appear highly standardised and are probably symbols rather than depictions of actual buildings. Phillips 2^1 differentiate between buildings coloured red and those coloured orange, which seem to represent substantial structures and cabins respectively, but this difference is not marked in the depictions on Phillips 1. Counting houses is a rather uncertain practice with Phillips 1 since it is difficult to differentiate individual buildings. Counting chimneys suggests that Phillips 1 significantly underestimates the number of buildings in the town. Even allowing for the large number of chimneys in the castle, the count is only about 75 per cent of the number of chimneys recorded on the hearth money roll of 1668, a number that might have been expected to increase in the intervening seventeen years. In other minor ways Phillips 1 differs from the other maps in the series. Phillips 2-4 show six bridges across the Farset while Phillips 1 shows only four and there are differences in the size and shape of house plots between the two groups, Phillips 1 showing none of the irregularities of the depiction of plots on the other maps. The stylised drawing of the gardens on Phillips 1 might suggest that these were sketched rather than surveyed. However, Phillips 1 correctly depicts ships at the quay on the north side of the river while other maps in the series show them to the south of the river. Phillips 1 may then be a good depiction of the main topographical features of the town and its main buildings but symbols were extensively utilised for less prominent features and so it needs to be used with care.

Phillips 1 was clearly unfinished. Towards the northern part of the map, where the fortification on the strand was planned, no topographical detail was provided and the roads are outlined in pencil rather than being inked in. It seems that the bird's-eye view was abandoned in favour of a more conventional plan. The result was the second group of maps (Phillips 2-4), which are plans, based on the same measurements used for Phillips 1. The treatment of the reclaimed land to the south of the town in Phillips 1 is repeated in Phillips 2-4 and is accentuated by colouring the area green like better defined land. There are, however, echoes of the older view. The market house, though not the castle and church, is shown on Phillips 2-4 as a bird's-eye view although the depiction, apart from that on Phillips 4, is rather schematic.

The earliest of this second group seems to be Phillips 2. Although it is neither signed nor dated Phillips 2 must belong to this group on stylistic grounds and its similarity to Phillips 4, which is signed and dated, also suggests this. There are some minor stylistic differences between Phillips 2 and Phillips 3-4. On Phillips 2 there are fewer tree symbols around the castle gardens and fewer ships shown on the river. Phillips 2 is a straightforward topographical plan and unlike Phillips 3—4 shows no proposed military works. It was probably made as a base map on which alternative proposals for fortifications could be drafted. It was also probably the map used for the plan of Belfast outside the margins of Henry Pratt's Tabula Hiberniae novissima et emendatissima (1708). This was subsequently misdated to 1660.

Phillips 3 is clearly derived from Phillips 2 although it too is not signed or dated. There are some differences. Some plot divisions, especially on Mi l l Street, are different and two small buildings on the margin of the town depicted on Phillips 2 are not shown on Phillips 3. Phillips 3 represents a second attempt to plan a fortification on the strand. In broad terms it is similar to

the structure laid out in Phillips 1 although the entrance shown as semicircular on Phillips 1 is square on Phillips 3. No dimensions are given but scaling the lengths of walls suggests that the structure on Phillips 3 was to be larger than that on Phillips 1. The fort is also in a different location, being positioned further south-east than the original plan. Phillips 4 is the final map in the sequence and is part of the final report on the fortifications. Another version of this map also survives in the copy of Phillips's report made for the duke of Ormonde (NLI, MS 2557). It is signed by Phillips and dated 1685. The base is identical with Phillips 2, with plot divisions coinciding exactly although the market house is shown less schematically. The final position of the fort is close to the location marked on Phillips 1, though not exactly so.

The four Phillips maps may be seen as a sequence of plans generated in the first half of 1685 as part of the planning of fortifications of Belfast, which were never built. While they may be regarded as good general indicators of the topography of the town care must be taken, especially with Phillips 1, in the interpretation of the detail and allowance needs to be made for the symbolic representation of some of the lesser features, especially buildings.

The second piece of cartographic evidence for Belfast's seventeenth-century topography is a sketch map drawn in black ink on linen. This has been partially re-inked later with a finer pen. The map is unsigned but is dated 'Anno 96', which has been later altered to '98'. A date of 1696 seems most likely. This would be consistent with the features depicted on the map and seems to be confirmed by the description of the Long Bridge as 'New Bridge'. The sketch map appears to be in the one hand except for the title of the map, the phrase 'County of Antrim' at the bottom right, and the date all of which seem to be in the second, though contemporary, hand. This map may not be the original survey but rather a copy made perhaps in the eighteenth century or later. The planiform convention for water used for the mill pond, for instance, is more typical of British and Irish maps of the late eighteenth century onwards. This might help to account for the rather crude depiction of the town. It may also account for what are apparently two hands on the map since what seems to be the second hand may be an attempt to copy more decorative lettering used on the original. It is clear that the original map used information drawn from Phillips 1 (or a copy of it) to which additional detail, particularly on the property to the west of the town which had not been shown on Phillips 1, has been added. Additional detail includes the Long Cross (probable site of the ford), the dock to the east of the church, the barracks and the custom house. This seems to have been added in 1696 from local knowledge. Around the town field names and details of property ownership are provided, which suggests that recording of this information was the main aim of the map. The plots are numbered and a terrier, now lost, probably accompanied the map. There is also a 'reference' on the bottom right, the significance of which is unclear. The map as preserved is much cruder than that drawn by Phillips but what is not clear is whether this was the case in the original 1696 map or whether it is the result of a later careless copying, possibly in the eighteenth century. A case in point is that the east and west points of the compass rose are reversed; there are also numerous differences in the representation of buildings between Phillips 1 and this map. The castle, for example, is given a north-west entrance of which there is no trace on Phillips 1 and the inaccurate drawing of the course of North Street and Hercules Street also points to a copyist who may not have been familiar with the town. Overall the map seems to be a rather careless late copy of a 1696 survey whose principal interest was the estate around the town rather than the detail of the town, but it does preserve some unique features of Belfast's urban topography.

APPENDIX B

Belfast: number of manufactories recorded (see also Topographical Information, section 15).

1807: anchor smiths 1, bakers 13, block and pump makers 2, bookbinders 4, boot and shoe makers 24, braziers 1, breeches makers 2, brewers 4, cabinet makers 8, calico and cotton yam makers 1, calico manufacturers 1, cambric manufacturers 1, cap makers 1, cart makers 1, coach makers 1, confectioners 4, cotton machine makers 1, cotton manufacturers 13, cotton wool and tow card manufacturers 2, coopers 5, copper and tin smiths 1, copper smiths 2, cork cutters 2, curriers 4, cutlers 2, distillers 1, dyers 4, fancy chair makers 2, farming utensil makers 1, founders 1, fustian and calico manufacturers 2, fustian and cotton manufacturers 1, fustian, calico and muslin manufacturers 1, glass manufacturers 1, glovers and breeches manufactories 1, glovers and skinners 2, glue manufacturers 1, guilders and chair makers 1, gun smiths 1, hat manufacturers 5, hosiers 4, joiners 2, last makers 1, machine makers 2, mantua makers 1, milliners 4, muslin manufacturers 13, paper manufacturers 2, peruke makers 3, reed makers 2, rope and sail manufacturers 1, rope and twine manufacturers 4, saddle manufacturers 9, salt manufacturers 1, salt refiners 1, shipbuilders 2, silk dyers 1, smiths 5, soap boilers and tallow chandlers 11, starch manufacturers 2, stay makers 1, stocking frame makers 1, stone and marble yards 1, stone cutters 3, sugar manufacturers 2, tailors 7, tanners 10, tobacco and snuff manufacturers 4, tobacconists 1, turners 1, umbrella makers 1, upholsterers 2, vinegar and mead manufacturers 1, vitriol works 1, watch and clock manufacturers 12, whitesmiths 1 (Smyth and Lyons).

1824: alabaster and blue manufacturers 1, artificial flower makers 1, bakers 27, basket makers 1, bellows makers 1, blacking manufacturers 1, block and pump makers 4, bookbinders 6, boot and shoe makers 31, brass founders 6, braziers, coppersmiths and tin plate workers 8, brewers 5, bridle, bit and stirrup makers 1, brush makers 4, cabinet makers 11, calico printers 4, canvas manufacturers 1, carpenters and joiners 10, cart makers 5, check manufacturers 1, chemical manufacturers 3, coach builders 5, confectioners 9, coopers 16, corduroy manufacturers 1, cork cutters 2, cotton spinners and manufacturers 19, cutlers 3, distillers 1, dyers 9, engravers and copperplate printers 5, flour millers 3, glass cutters 3, glass manufacturers 4, glovers and breeches manufacturer 2, glue manufacturer 3, gun makers 3, hat manufacturers 6, iron founders 5, japanners 1, leather cap makers 1, machine makers 5, milliners and dress makers 13, muslin manufacturers 53, muslin bleachers 5, paper manufacturers 4. rope and sail makers 6, saddlers and harness makers 10, saddlers' ironmongers 1, salt manufacturers 3, ship builders 2, ship chandlers 4, silversmiths 2, sizers 10, spruce, pop and ginger beer manufacturers 1, starch and blue manufacturers 5, stay makers 3, stone and marble yards 6, straw bonnet makers 13, tallow chandlers 20, tanners 12, thread manufacturers 1, tobacconists 11, umbrella and parasol makers 2, vinegar makers 1, vitriol manufacturer 3, watch and clock makers 15, wheelwrights and turners in wood 5, whip makers 2, whitesmiths and bell hangers 7, wireworker 1 (Pigot).

1839: aerated water and ginger beer brewers 7, alabaster manufacturers 3, bleachers 10, blue dyers 3, bookbinders 8, brass and iron founders 4, brass founders 11, brewers 6, brick and tile makers 3, brush, bellows and trunk makers 3, boot and shoe manufacturers 48, button blue manufacturers 1, card makers 2, cart wrights 4, coach makers 8, coach wrights 1, comb and spoon makers 4, confectioners 14, copper and tin plate workers 12, cork cutters 5, cotton spinners 7, distillers 2, flax spinners 15, flour millers 3, glass manufacturers 2, glue manufacturers 2, gun makers 5, hatters 4, hosiery 6, iron founders and machine makers 4, linen manufacturers 10, linen thread manufacturers 2, maltsters 4, manufacturing chemists 4, milliners 5, muslin manufacturers 46, paper makers 2, piano forte makers and turners 2, rectifying distillers 4, rope and twine makers 7, saddlers and harness makers 13, ship builders 2, sewed muslin manufacturers 7, shuttle makers 3, soap and candle manufacturers 22, starch manufacturers 8, stay and corset makers 9, straw bonnet makers 19, sweet manufacturers 3, tailors 31, tanners 3, tobacco manufacturers 15, umbrella makers 3, watch and clock makers 13, watch glass makers 3, weather glass makers 2, wireworker and flour machine manufacturers 1 (Martin).

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SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY AND K E Y TO ABBREVIATIONS (Other abbreviations are explained on the back cover)

Abbot

Adair

Adams

Agnew

Allison

Anderson Ann. Conn.

Archibald

BA Ballast Board

accounts

Barrow BCC Beatty

Belfast map

Belfast Natur. Hist. Soc.

Benn notes

Benn plan 1

Benn plan 2 Benn,1823

Benn,1877

Benn,1880

Binns BMM BNL Bowden Bradshaw Bradshaw plan

Brett, 1976

Brett, 1985

BSD BT

Budge and O'Leary

Cal. S.P. dom.

Campbell and Royle

Capital

Carleton, 1978

Carleton, 1991

Cassidy and Lawlor

Cecil MSS

Clark

Clarke

Coast map

Coe

Congregations hist.

Crawford

Abbot, Charles. Tour through Ireland and North Wales, 1792. PRO, 30/9/23. Adair, Patrick. A true narrative of the rise and progress of the Presbyterian church in Ireland. Ed. W.D. Killen. Belfast, 1866. Adams, J.R.R. The printed word and the common man: popular culture in Ulster, 1700-1900. Belfast, 1987. Adams, V.M.E. A union list of Belfast maps to 1900. Belfast, 1998. Agnew, Jean. Belfast merchant families in the seventeenth century. Dublin, 1996. Allison, R.S. The seeds of time, being a short history of the Belfast General and Royal Hospital 1850-1903. Belfast, 1972. Anderson, John. History of the Linen Hall Library. Belfast, 1888. Anndla Connacht: the Annals of Connacht (A.D. 1224-1544). Ed. A . M . Freeman. Dublin, 1944. Archibald, J.E. A century of Congregationalism: the story of Done gall Street Church, Belfast. Belfast, n.d. [1901]. Belfast Almanac. Belfast, 1803, etc. Accounts of the Belfast Ballast Board, 1786-1832. PRO, A017/384.

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Dubourdieu plan Evans

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Gaffikin

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Geary, 1981

Geary, 1989

Getty

Glassford

Goubet Grainger

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Griffin

Hall

Hansard Harbour plan Harbour 1 Harbour 2 Hardy

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Harris

Hastings

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Hutton

Industries of Ire.

Inglis Jeffery

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Joy

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Kinealy and MacAtasney

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Lease plan 1

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Leet

Leigh

Longfield

Loudan

Lowry, 1856

Lowry, 1867 MacCana

McClean

McConnell McCutcheon, 1965 McCutcheon, 1980

Maclanachan

McNally MacNeice McTear

Maguire, 1976

Maguire, 1983

Maguire, 1984

Maguire, 1993 Malcolm

Manning, et al.

Marshall, 1908

Marshall, 1934

Marshall. 1938

Martin Mason

Matier Mil l in , 1932 Mil l in , 1938 Minority accounts

Molloy

Monaghan

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Moss and Hume

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O'Byrne O'Keeffe and

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Pococke Poor law com. rept Pratt

PRONI, PRONI, PRONI, PRONI, PRONI, PRONI, PRONI, PRONI, PRONI, PRONI, PRONI, PRONI, Reeves

D162 D271 D298 D354 D389 D509 D556 D652 D811 D1905 D2177 T808

Register

Reid Roebuck

Rogers and Macaulay

Royal com. empl. 1

Royal com. empl. 2

Royle

Sacheverell

Scott

Seaward

Smith and Hughes

Smyth

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Staples

Story

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Sweetnam and Nimmons

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NOTE ON MAP 2

Map 2, Belfast in c. 1830, is derived from the Ordnance Survey 1:2376 manuscript plan of Belfast (1828-33) together with the Ordnance Survey 1:10,560 manuscript fair plan of Co. Antrim (1828-33) and the 1:10,560 published first edition maps of Co. Antrim (1833) and Co. Down (1834). Information was supplemented by the manuscript first valuation field books for Belfast (1837) and other sources. The reconstruction has been adjusted to the planimetry of the published Ordnance Survey 1:1056 town plan (1858). Solid lines depict features still extant in 1858, while dotted lines indicate that, since the feature had by then disappeared, its exact position cannot be established. Where information on plot boundaries was not available the internal layout is not represented, while unfinished dotted lines mean that property divisions were only partly determinable as along High Street and Waring Street.

A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S

This project has been long in the making; initial approaches date back to the late 1970s. Over the years of its production a number of people have given assistance to the two authors and we would wish to acknowledge this. Tim Campbell, formerly of Ballinderry de Pauillac Historical Consultants and now Director of the Saint Patrick Centre, Downpatrick, trawled the relevant issues of the Belfast Newsletter without which the topographical information would have been the poorer. Bil l Crawford, with his customary generosity, gave his expert comments on the essay. The eagle eye of Mary Davies has ensured that the topographical information meets the high standards of its predecessors. The staff of the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland were efficient and courteous. Thanks are due to them and to others in the Belfast Central Library; British Library, London; Linen Hall Library, Belfast; National Library of Ireland; the Trinity College Map Library, Dublin, especially Paul Ferguson; and the Ulster Museum. As always the staff of the Royal Irish Academy, particularly those of the library, have supported the project in many ways. We are grateful to Sir Charles Brett for permission to reproduce one of his annotated plans of Belfast (Map 14) and to Mrs Doreen E.M. Macafee (née Hunter) for allowing us to use her 1696 map of Belfast (Map 6). Special thanks are due to Maura Pringle, Senior Cartographer at the School of Geography, Queen's University Belfast, who with Stephen Royle produced the first draft of the c. 1830 map; Leslie Brown was responsible for the task of digitising this material. Finally this is an unusual fascicle in that it is jointly published with Belfast City Council. That this co-operation worked extremely well is due to the enthusiasm and efficiency of Briony Crozier of Belfast City Council.

City seal, 1640 Belfast Ballast Office seal, c. 1785

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