Initial Environmental Examination Report - 47021-002 ...

Initial Environmental Examination Report ________________________________________

Project Number: 47021-002

Loan Number: 3239

PAK: Federally Administered Tribal Areas Water Resources

Development Project

Initial Environmental Examination Report for Shangade Weirs District Khyber

Prepared by Project Management Unit, Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

For the Asian Development Bank

Date received by ADB: April 2018

NOTES

(i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and its

agencies ends on 30 June.

(ii) In this report “$” refer to US dollars.

This initial environmental examination report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed

herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation

of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian

Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any

territory or area.

FEDERALLY ADMINISTERED TRIBAL AREAS

WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

PMU FWRDP

Project Management Unit FATA Water Resources Development Project FATA Secretariat

INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION (IEE) SHANGADE WEIRS

(KHYBER AGENCY)

2017

House # 3, Street # 1, Near Board Bazar, Tajabad, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Tel: +92 91 5601635 - 6 Fax: +92 91 5840807 E-mail: [email protected]

FATA WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT PROJECT CONSULTANTS

Initial Environmental Examination:

FATA Water Resources Development Project Shangade Weir Pilot Sub Project

i | T O C

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Sr. No. Description Page No.

_Toc1137621

INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................... 1

General .................................................................................................................... 1

Project Background ................................................................................................. 1

Project Consultants .................................................................................................. 2

Purpose of This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) ......................................... 2

IEE Methodology ..................................................................................................... 4

Study Area ............................................................................................................... 4

Baseline Survey Methodology ................................................................................. 6

Impact Assessment Methodology ............................................................................ 7

Report Format ......................................................................................................... 8

Project Categorization ............................................................................................. 9

IEE Team ................................................................................................................ 9

POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ................................................... 10

General ...................................................................................................................10

National Policy and Legal Framework .....................................................................10

Regulations for Environmental Assessment, Pakistan EPA ....................................10

Regulatory Clearances, EPA ..................................................................................11

Guidelines for Environmental Assessment, Pakistan EPA ......................................11

Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Review of IEE and EIA Regulations, (2000)…. ..............................................................................................................................11

National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) ................................................11

Comparative Analysis of the National and International Standards .........................12

ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009 ....................................................15

Project Categorization ............................................................................................15

Other Environment Related Legislations .................................................................16

PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................... 19

Project Features .....................................................................................................19

Project Location ......................................................................................................25

Project Objectives ...................................................................................................25

Construction Planning .............................................................................................25

Stage-I ....................................................................................................................26

Stage- II ..................................................................................................................27

Project Implementation ...........................................................................................28

Executing Agency ...................................................................................................28

Design Consultant ..................................................................................................28



ii | T O C

FATA Development Working Party .........................................................................29

Terms of Partnership ..............................................................................................29

Operation and Maintenance ....................................................................................29

DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT .................................................................................... 30

General ...................................................................................................................30

Baseline Survey Methodology ................................................................................30

Study Area ..............................................................................................................32

Physical Environment .............................................................................................35

Topography ............................................................................................................35

Climate ...................................................................................................................35

Hydrology ...............................................................................................................36

Regional Geology ...................................................................................................37

Geology of the Project Area ....................................................................................37

Soil .........................................................................................................................37

Seismology .............................................................................................................38

Ambient Air Quality and Noise ................................................................................40

Water Resources ....................................................................................................43

Water Quality ..........................................................................................................44

Biological Environment ...........................................................................................46

Land use and Land Cover.......................................................................................47

Flora .......................................................................................................................49

Fauna .....................................................................................................................52

Avifauna .................................................................................................................53

Protected areas / National sanctuaries ...................................................................55

Socio-Economic Environment .................................................................................55

Administrative Set Up .............................................................................................58

Demographic Profile ...............................................................................................58

Population ..............................................................................................................59

Family Size .............................................................................................................60

Dwelling ..................................................................................................................60

Language ...............................................................................................................60

The Family System .................................................................................................60

Livestock ................................................................................................................61

Conflicts Resolution Mechanism .............................................................................61

Religious Beliefs .....................................................................................................62

Water Supply and Sanitation ..................................................................................62

Poverty ...................................................................................................................63

Health facilities .......................................................................................................64

Social Organization .................................................................................................65

Agriculture ..............................................................................................................65

Education ...............................................................................................................65



iii | T O C

Food .......................................................................................................................66

Dress and Ornaments .............................................................................................66

Mining .....................................................................................................................66

Roads .....................................................................................................................66

Telephone Facilities ................................................................................................66

Sites of Historical Significance ................................................................................67

Gender Issues ........................................................................................................67

PROJECT ALTERNATIVES ................................................................................................. 68

No Project Option ...................................................................................................68

Project Siting Alternatives .......................................................................................69

Technological Alternatives ......................................................................................69

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES .................... 70

Impact Assessment - Overview ...............................................................................70

Impact Area ............................................................................................................70

Impacts on Land Resources ...................................................................................73

Excavation and Blasting..........................................................................................73

Waste Generation and Disposal .............................................................................74

Labour camps, storage and approach roads ...........................................................74

Soil pollution due to fuel and oil spillage from construction machinery ....................75

Agriculture Land Damage .......................................................................................76

Impact of taking borrow material from earth borrow site ..........................................76

Changes in soil characteristics due to labour camps, and machinery yards ............77

Impacts on Hydrology and Water Resources ..........................................................77

Contamination of surface water due to washing ......................................................77

Drinking water supply .............................................................................................78

Municipal waste disposed into the stream ...............................................................78

Water quality and sedimentation load .....................................................................78

Impact on Air Quality and Noise Pollution ...............................................................79

Dust from construction and smoke from plants and equipment ...............................79

Smoke from burning of waste and firewood ............................................................79

Noise from use of old/and or out-dated machinery ..................................................79

Dust Emission from Stone quarrying and Transportation ........................................80

Impact on biological resources Flora, Fauna (Biota) ...............................................80

F.6.1 Impact on Aquatic Life ............................................................................................81

Impacts on Socioeconomic, Cultural and Archaeological Issues .............................82

Tribal Tension and Rivalries ...................................................................................82

Impact on Civic Infrastructure .................................................................................84

Community safety risks due to accidental or natural hazards ..................................84

Health and safety of labour at construction site .......................................................84

Construction material leftovers................................................................................85



iv | T O C

Change in visual character and soil erosion ............................................................85

Soil pollution due to excessive application of pesticides and fertilizers....................86

.............................86

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) ............................................................... 88

General ...................................................................................................................88

Mitigation Measures ................................................................................................88

Residual Impact ......................................................................................................89

Institutional Arrangements ......................................................................................89

Management Responsibilities .................................................................................89

Monitoring Activities .............................................................................................. 119

......................................................................................... 119

Project Enhancement Plans .................................................................................. 120

Restoration Plan ................................................................................................... 120

Reports ................................................................................................................. 120

Training Schedule ................................................................................................. 121

Implementation Estimated Budget ........................................................................ 122

Third Party Monitoring ......................................................................................... 123

PUBLIC CONSULTATION ................................................................................................. 125

General ................................................................................................................. 125

Identification of Stakeholders ................................................................................ 126

Methodology ......................................................................................................... 128

Agenda of Consultative Session ........................................................................... 128

Local Farmer Views .............................................................................................. 129

Consultation with Other Stakeholders and Their Response .................................. 130

GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ............................................................................. 133

General ................................................................................................................. 133

Objectives of Grievance Redress Mechanism ....................................................... 133

Awareness of GRM ............................................................................................... 134

Implementation of GRM ........................................................................................ 135

_Toc1137782CONCLUSION, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................. 138

Findings and Recommendations ........................................................................... 138

Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 138



v | T O C

List of Annexures

ANNEX – I Photo log .......................................................................................................... 140

ANNEX – II Supporting Documents .................................................................................... 142

ANNEX III - National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) ......................................... 154

ANNEX-IV WHO Standards ............................................................................................... 160

ANNEX-V Table of Content Environmental Compliance Monitoring ................................... 162

ANNEX-VI Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist ..................................................... 164



vi | T O C

List of Tables & Figures

Figure 1.1: The Sub Project Location Map .............................................................................................. 5 Table 2.1 Comparison of International and local Air Quality Standards ............................................ 13 Table 2.2: Comparison of International and local for Noise-Limit in dB(A) Leq ................................ 14 Table 2.3. Environmental Guidelines and Legislations ........................................................................ 16 Figure 3.1: Walu Mela Weir Layout Plan ................................................................................................ 20 Figure 3.2: Gudar Weir Layout Plan ....................................................................................................... 20 Table 3.1: Salient Features of the Project .............................................................................................. 21 Figure 3.3: Project Location Map ........................................................................................................... 22 Figure 3.5: Schematic Map of Shangade Weirs .................................................................................... 24 Table 3.2: Diversion Weirs Works and Quantities ................................................................................ 26 Figure 4.1: Map of Khyber Agency ......................................................................................................... 34 Figure 4.3: Tectonic Map of Pakistan ..................................................................................................... 39 Table 4.1: Ambient Air Quality and Noise of Gudar Weir ..................................................................... 40 Table 4.2 Ambient Air Quality and Noise of Shangade Weir ............................................................. 41 Figure 4.4 Environmental Testing and Sampling Map ......................................................................... 42 Table 4.3: Water Quality analysis result for Irrigation water of Gudar Weir ...................................... 44 Table 4.4: Water Quality analysis result for Irrigation water of Shangade Weir ................................ 44 Table 4.5: Water Quality analysis result for Drinking water of Gudar ................................................ 45 Table 4.6: Water Quality analysis result for Drinking water of Shangade ......................................... 46 Figure 4.5: Land use Map of Shangade ................................................................................................. 48 Table 4.8: Common Trees Species in Project Area .............................................................................. 50 Table 4.9: Common Grasses Species in the Area ................................................................................. 51 Table 4.10: Common Shrub Species in the Project Area ...................................................................... 52 Table 4.11: Fauna of the Project Area .................................................................................................... 53 Table 4.12: Avifauna of the Project Area ................................................................................................ 53 Table 4.14: Population Details of Khyber Agency ................................................................................ 59 Figure 5.1 Impact Area ............................................................................................................................. 71 Table 5.1 Screening of Environmental Impacts; Construction and Operation Stages ..................... 72 Table 6.1: Environmental Management (Mitigation) Plan (Construction & Operation) .................... 93 Table 6.4: Implementation Estimated Budget ..................................................................................... 122 Figure 7.1: Identification of Stakeholders ........................................................................................... 127 Table 7.1: Farmer Reasons for Dissatisfaction with Canal Systems ................................................ 129 Table 7.3: List of Community Consultation Participants ................................................................... 131 Figure 7.2: Community Meetings at Shangade ................................................................................... 132 Figure 8.1: Proposed GRM .................................................................................................................... 137



| T O C

Units Conversion Tables

Length Units

Millimeters Centimeters Meters Kilometers Inches Feet Yards Miles

Mm cm M km in ft yd Mi

1 0.1 0.001 0.000001 0.03937 0.003281 0.001094 6.21e-07

10 1 0.01 0.00001 0.393701 0.032808 0.010936 0.000006 1000 100 1 0.001 39.37008 3.28084 1.093613 0.000621

1000000 100000 1000 1 39370.08 3280.84 1093.613 0.621371 25.4 2.54 0.0254 0.000025 1 0.083333 0.027778 0.000016 304.8 30.48 0.3048 0.000305 12 1 0.333333 0.000189 914.4 91.44 0.9144 0.000914 36 3 1 0.000568

1609344 160934.4 1609.344 1.609344 63360 5280 1760 1

Area Units

Millimeter square

Centimeter Square

Meter square

Inch square

Foot square

Yard Square

mm2 cm

2 m2 in

2 ft

2 yd

2

1 0.01 0.000001 0.00155 0.000011 0.000001

100 1 0.0001 0.155 0.001076 0.00012

1000000 10000 1 1550.003 10.76391 1.19599

645.16 6.4516 0.000645 1 0.006944 0.000772

92903 929.0304 0.092903 144 1 0.111111

836127 8361.274 0.836127 1296 9 1

Volume Units

Centimeter cube

Meter cube

Liter Inch cub

Foot

US gallons

Imperial

US barrel (oil)

cm3

m3 ltr in3

ft3

US gal Imp. gal US brl

1 0.000001 0.001 0.061024 0.000035 0.000264 0.00022 0.000006

1000000 1 1000 61024 35 264 220 6.29 1000 0.001 1 61 0.035 0.264201 0.22 0.00629 16.4 0.000016 0.01638 1 0.000579 0.004329 0.003605 0.000103

28317 0.028317 28.3168 1728 1 7.481333 6.229712 0.178127 3785 0.003785 3.79 231 0.13 1 0.832701 0.02381 4545 0.004545 4.55 277 0.16 1.20 1 0.028593

158970 0.15897 159 9701 6 42 35 1

Mass Units

Grams Kilograms Metric tonnes Short ton Long ton Pounds Ounces

G kg Tonne shton Lton lb Oz

1 0.001 0.000001 0.000001 9.84e-07 0.002205 0.035273 1000 1 0.001 0.001102 0.000984 2.204586 35.27337

1000000 1000 1 1.102293 0.984252 2204.586 35273.37

907200 907.2 0.9072 1 0.892913 2000 32000

1016000 1016 1.016 1.119929 1 2239.859 35837.74 453.6 0.4536 0.000454 0.0005 0.000446 1 16

28 0.02835 0.000028 0.000031 0.000028 0.0625 1



i | T O C

Volumetric Liquid Flow Units

Liter/second Liter/minute Meter

cube/hour Foot

cube/minute Foot

cube/hour US

gallons/minute US barrels

(oil)/day

L/sec L/min M3/hr ft

3/min ft

3/hr gal/min US brl/d

1 60 3.6 2.119093 127.1197 15.85037 543.4783 0.016666 1 0.06 0.035317 2.118577 0.264162 9.057609 0.277778 16.6667 1 0.588637 35.31102 4.40288 150.9661

0.4719 28.31513 1.69884 1 60 7.479791 256.4674 0.007867 0.472015 0.02832 0.01667 1 0.124689 4.275326 0.06309 3.785551 0.227124 0.133694 8.019983 1 34.28804 0.00184 0.110404 0.006624 0.003899 0.2339 0.029165 1

Temperature Conversion Formulas

Degree Celsius (°C) (°F - 32) x 5/9

(K - 273.15)

Degree Fahrenheit (°F) (°C x 9/5) + 32

(1.8 x K) - 459.67

Kelvin (K) (°C + 273.15)

(°F + 459.67) ÷ 1.8

Currency Exchange Table

US Dollar Pakistani Rupees

01 139.88

Exchange Rate as of January 24, 2019



ii | T O C

List of Abbreviations

ADB Asian Development Bank

AMSL Above Mean Sea Level

APA Assistant Political Agent

CO Community Organization

CCA Culturable Command Area

CSC Construction Supervision Consultant

DG Director General

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

ESMU Environmental and Social Management Unit

EMP Environment Management Plan

EPA Environment Protection Agency

EMMP Environment Management and Monitoring Plan

FRDP FATA Rural Development Project

FWRDP FATA Water Resources Development Project

FATA Federally Administered Tribal Areas

FGD Focus Group Discussions

GIS Geographic Information System

GoP Government of Pakistan

GRC Grievance Redress Committee

GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism

HSE Health, Safety and Environment

IA Implementing Agency

IEE Initial Environmental Examination

KP Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

MM Mitigation Measure

MMT Main Mantle Thrust

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

NOC No Objection Certificate

PA Political Agent

PD Project Director

PEPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Act

PIU Project Implementation Unit

PMU Project Management Unit

PPTA Project Preparatory Technical Assistance

RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete

RE Resident Engineer

SDS Safety Data Sheet

SPS Safeguard Policy Statement

SSEMP Site Specific Environmental Management Plan

SWPS Shangade Weir Pilot Sub Project

ToP Terms of Partnership

ToR Terms of Reference

WWF World Wide Fund for Nature


i | Executive Summary

Executive Summary

1. Introduction

This environmental study was undertaken in accordance with Pakistan

Environmental Protection Act 1997 and ADB`s Safeguards Policy Statement

(SPS), 2009 requirement and recommendations.

The TOR requires that an assessment of the environmental impacts of the project

(i.e. IEE or EIA), preparation of the environmental management and monitoring

plans (EMMPs), inclusion of costs for implementing recommended mitigation

measures, and any capacity strengthening measures in the project development

costs.

Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) Water Resources Development

Project (FWRDP) will be operational in the federal territories at the western

borders of Pakistan with Afghanistan. It focuses on increasing irrigation supplies

in three agencies, namely Mohmand, Khyber and Bajaur, to increase crop

production and harvest water sustainably. The project is being proposed as a

result of the Water Assessment Study executed under the completed ADB

supported FATA Rural Development Project of FATA Secretariat. The study

identified 40 watersheds where the groundwater aquifers are depleting at a high

rate, even under average weather conditions due to unplanned water extraction

for irrigation and other associated purposes. It recommends shifting from

groundwater to surface water, which remains totally unutilized, and identified

potential sites for small reservoirs and diversion weirs in the 40 watersheds of

Mohmand, Khyber and Bajaur Agencies of FATA.

With above background, ADB financed a Project Preparatory Technical

Assistance, TA 8409-PAK (PPTA) for FATA Water Resources Development

Project in preparing a project for financing consideration by ADB. ADB through

FATA support implemented the PPTA during 2013-2014, in which a team of

national consultants prepared a feasibility study for a water resources project for

FATA. Based on the findings of the PPTA and on the request of Government of

Pakistan, ADB approved, on 15th December 2014, the Federally Administered

Tribal Areas Water Resources Development Project (Project) contributing $42.97

million from ADB’s Special Funds. The Government will contribute $4.93 million

as counterpart fund. The ADB and Government of Pakistan signed the legal

agreement on 17th April 2015 and declared the loan effective on 7th August 2015.

The Project implementation period ends on 31th March 2020 and loan accounts

will close on 30th September 2020.


ii | Executive Summary

Since the subproject is categorized as a category B project as per ADB’s

Safeguards Policy Statement 2009, an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)

exercise is required for each sub-project.

2. Project Location

Lashora Khwar at which Walu Mela / Gudar weir sites exist, is on North east,

semi-arid part of Khyber Agency. The proposed weirs on Lashora stream / khwar

are located 12 km North West of Jamrud Town (agency head quarter of Khyber

Agency) near the village of Walu Mela.

The proposed Walu Mela and Gudar weirs are located at coordinates 71.3327

E & 34.0393 N and 71.3511 E & 34.0242 N.

3. Environmental Issues

The subproject activities include construction of a weir, irrigation channel about

5.70 km and development of culturable command area of 37 ha. This will cause

some disturbance due to construction activities on the RoW at site and the allied

sites involving borrow material, camp area, material and machinery yard, link

roads and necessary facilities for the staff and labor to be engaged for the

execution of the subproject.

4. Policy Legal and Administrative Framework

This report represents in accordance to Pakistan Environment Act, 1997 and the

Asian Development Bank’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009 requires

that environmental considerations be incorporated into ADB’s funded project to

ensure that the project will have minimal environmental impacts and be

environmentally sound. Occupational health & safety of the local population

should also be addressed as well as the project workers as stated in SPS 2009.

Because this project falls in the jurisdiction of Federal EPA, therefore approval

from the Federal EPA will be required.

5. Project Description

Lashora Khwar is a non-perennial stream, while few perennial flow springs are

present at different locations. The Lashora Khwar flows are planned to be used

for irrigation by constructing two weirs, located at upstream of Walu Mela village

and Gudar village in Khyber agency. The weirs will divert perennial flows of

springs to irrigate the command area at downstream.

6. Project Alternatives

Project alternatives have been considered with consideration of their ability to

match immediate demand and then keep pace with emerging demand while

ensuring capture of available yield in the stream. Technically there is no other

source of water or place diverting water for irrigation purposes.


iii | Executive Summary

The Project Area is considered as poor from an economic perspective.

Subsistence farming is the economic mainstay. Water availability is scarce in

area hence the proposed project will contribute positively to the project area.

Therefore, no project option is not viable option.

However various technical alternatives were also considered and the most

viable option Tyrolean weir was adopted.

7. Environmental and Social Baseline

The purpose of this chapter is to establish the baseline conditions for the

physical, biological and the social aspects of the environment of project area.

The data were collected regarding the physical environment, biological

environment and social aspects of the study area from field surveys, desk

studies and visits to the Government departments, other relevant agencies, and

discussions with the main stakeholders of the area. The purpose of baseline

study is to fulfill the following objectives.

a. To get the data about the physical, biological and socio-economic

environment of the project area

b. To understand the current situation of the area comprehensively.

c. To rationalize the decisions according to the ground realities.

The main environmental conditions, likely to be affected due to project

execution are: -

a. Physical Environment

b. Biological Environment

c. Socio-economic Environment

8. Physical Environment

Khyber Agency is one of the eight tribal areas, better known as agencies in

Pakistan. It ranges from the Tirah valley down to Peshawar. It borders

Nangarhar Province to the west, Orakzai Agency to the south, Kurram Agency

to south west and Peshawar to the east.

The topography of this area is prevailingly hilly, with rugged barren

mountainous terrain, including narrow strips of bottom valleys and sub valleys.

An interesting feature in the topography is a mountain spur from the Kunar

range, which, curving eastwards culminates in the well-known peak of Koh-i-

Mor, which is visible from the Peshawar valley.

Shangade Khwar/stream, where SWPS will be constructed, falls within the Kuki

Khel watershed. The Area falls in the cool sub-humid climatic zone associated

with 500-1000 mm of annual precipitation. The average annual rainfall in the


iv | Executive Summary

catchments area is about 388.1 mm. The soils command area is of piedmont

plain, coarse to medium in texture, and light brown in colour. The profile depth

is shallow and mostly immature soil development, gently to moderate sloping

and well drained.

The project area experiences two rain seasons: winter and summer. Water

supply is from rainfall, snow melt and groundwater during the dry periods. Area

is a rain fed (barani) area. Depth to water table generally varies from 13 to 50

meters below ground level in barani areas whereas it is within 10 m in irrigated

areas. The stream water testing result reveals that the water is fit for irrigation

while the drinking water quality is not fit for drinking purposes due to biological

contamination and it requires proper treatment.

The ambient air quality and noise testing results reveals that the air quality and

noise of the area is within the permissible limits of NEQS.

9. Biological Environment

Ecologically, this area falls within the main group of Dry Subtropical Broad-

leaved Forest. The sub–group is Monotheca Scrubs. Generally, the vegetation

is thorny evergreen shrubs, which are capable of developing into small trees,

even under harsh climatic conditions and social pressure (heavy grazing

/browsing).

The main tree species are, Monotheca buxifolia (Gurgura), Zizyphus

nummularia (Ber), Acacia modesta (Phulai), Olea cuspidate (wild olive),

prosopis spp (mesquite), tamarix spp (Farash) and Dodonaea viscose

(Sanatha).

Avifauna of the area is highly diversified and colorful, which is widely dispersed

in gardens, cultivated fields, streams and hill slopes. No threatened or

endangered species were observed in the subproject area, as per IUCN red list

classification of 2017.

There are no wildlife or forest laws enacted for FATA. However, more recently,

Governor KP has issued a notification, declaring all wetlands in FATA as

Community Game Reserves. However, the nearest wetland around the project

vicinity is at a distance of approx. 20 km from the Project Area. Hunting shall

only be allowed with joint agreement of local communities and political

authorities. Moreover, a separate notification has also been issued declaring

trade in body parts (pelt, skin, stuffed bodies, trophies, etc.) of all wild fauna

including migratory birds as illegal.

10. Socio-Economic and Cultural Aspects

Khyber Agency is bordered with Afghanistan, Peshawar city and the Kurram

and Orakzai agencies. The total area of the agency is 2,576 square kilometers,


v | Executive Summary

with 8.22% of the total area of the agency being forest. The Khyber Agency

consists of three tehsils; Bara, Landi Kotal and Jamrud. Under the Constitution,

FATA is included among the territories of Pakistan (Article 1). It is administered

by Governor of the KPK in his capacity as an agent to the President of Pakistan,

under the overall supervision of the Ministry of States and Frontier Regions in

Islamabad.

Khyber Agency, like each tribal agency is administered by a political agent,

assisted by a number of assistant political agents, tehsildars (administrative

head of a tehsil) and naib tehsildars (deputy tehsildar), as well as members

from various local police (Khassadars) and security forces (levies, scouts). As

part of his administrative functions, the political agent oversees the working of

line departments and service providers.

The population of the agency, according to the 2017census is 986,973 with an

average annual growth rate 3.15. The subproject site is situated in northwest of

Jamrud tehsil having a population of approximately 3558 persons, and 391

households. Afridis are the main tribe of the project area and are further sub

divided into Koki Khel sub tribe.

The people in the agency are not widely educated. They migrate to down

districts in search of jobs or any other labour. The FATA region has historically

remained amongst the poorest parts of Pakistan. There are serious disparities

in service provision as compared to the rest of the country. The absence of

visible progress and the perceived lack of interest by both sub-national and

federal governments in redressing the disparities have consequently

deteriorated citizens’ trust in the ability of government institutions to meet the

basic needs of the population. The militancy crisis in KP and FATA is a key

contributor to stagnant growth and high unemployment.

11. Public Consultation

The public consultation process with various stakeholders has been carried out

so as to create awareness, information dissemination and to involve them in the

designing, planning and execution of subproject. The viewpoints of the

stakeholders have been taken into account and their concerns and suggestions

for possible improvements have been included where appropriate.

During the field survey, significant efforts were made to identify the possible

categories of stakeholders. Stakeholders at site were notified villagers, local

residents, government officials, shop owners, public representative, NGO’s and

general public. All those stake holders had different types of stakes according to

their professions.


vi | Executive Summary

Tribal society is dominated by men with final say in the affairs of all members

of the family. Women, by comparison, play a subservient role and observe

strict purdah (veiling). They are for the most part restricted to performing

household work, and are excluded from decision-making both on the domestic

front and at the community level. Keeping in mind the above background,

women of the subproject area were not consulted.

The people of the area were informed about the both negative and positive

impacts of the subproject. They responded that the negative impacts like

noise and dust are very minor and temporary issues as compared to the

positive impacts which will help them to improve their socioeconomic

conditions.

12. Environmental Impact Assessment and Mitigation Measures

The Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study has disclosed that the

subproject is not likely to have any severe negative impacts on the environment

and people of the area. All the potential impacts which have been identified

during the present assessment are associated with the construction stage of the

subproject, and minor to moderate in severity; and can easily be avoided

(through good design and construction planning) or mitigated (through proper

implementation of the EMP).

No acquisition of permanent land will be involved. There is no such adverse

environmental impact of the sub project but the construction-related impacts

such as air pollution, noise and use of community resources can be well

managed through proper implementation of the mitigation measures, which

have been identified in this report. Also, there is no environmentally sensitive

area in the vicinity of the project area.

Women headed households have not been identified in the Sub Project area

and no indigenous people impacts are involved in the proposed sub project. The

other social issues like safety of general public and workers, security problems,

risk of communicable diseases, vector borne diseases etc. are of temporary

nature.

On the other hand, the subproject will create job opportunities particularly for the

local population during construction stage and extremely beneficial for uplift of

socio-economic condition of the local population through irrigated agriculture i.e.

development of 37 ha culturable land.

13. Environmental Management Plan

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is produced as a complementary part

of Detailed Design and as a free- standing document. It ensures incorporation


vii | Executive Summary

of the relevant environmental factors into the overall subproject design and will

identify linkages to other safeguard policies relating to the project.

Based on the preliminary assessment, key mitigation measures recommended

under this Environmental Management Plan (EMP). Overall responsibility for

Environmental Management and Monitoring will rest with the Project

Management Unit (PMU) which is headed by a Project Director (PD).

14. Conclusion and Recommendations

The assessment of potential impacts of the proposed Shangade weir subproject

reveals that this project will generate only minor to moderate negative

environmental impacts. These adverse impacts will be mostly confined to the

construction works and will be temporary in nature. The predicted adverse

impacts will be minimized and reduced by implementing the prescribed

mitigation measures and will be continually monitored by implementing and

updating the EMP.

The overall finding is that the beneficial gains provided by Irrigation project will

by far exceed the negative impacts – most of them being short-termed and

without major interference to both the bio-physical and human environment. It is

emphasized that the success of the EMP depends on the respective line

agencies and institutions identified as key players in the implementation of the

EMP. The timely and complete inclusion of the EMP’s compliance clauses in the

Contractor documents is mandatory to ensure the success of all environmental

safeguard measures.

As the project is exclusively an irrigation system, all identified adverse

environmental impacts during the rehabilitation and improvement works of the

project will be of minor nature, easily to be mitigated by adequate

implementation of the Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans. Entire

command of the project components does not include any environmentally

sensitive areas. The final conclusion is that, the project is environmentally safe

and socially acceptable.


1 | Initial Environmental Examination

INTRODUCTION

General

The environmental study is undertaken in accordance with Pakistan

Environmental Protection Act 1997 and Asian Development Bank`s (ADB)

Environment Safeguards Policy Statement (SPS), 2009 requirement and

recommendations.

The TOR requires that an assessment of the environmental impacts of the

project (i.e. IEE or EIA), preparation of the environmental management and

monitoring plans (EMMPs), inclusion of costs for implementing recommended

mitigation measures, and any capacity strengthening measures in the project

development costs.

Project Background

The Tribal areas have scarcity of land and water resources. In spite of the land

scarcity, the people are agriculturalist and livestock herders by occupation and

practice agriculture where possible. Encouraged by the salutary effects of

schemes in water sector, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA)

Secretariat has proposed to harvest the flood water in the streams by

constructing Small Dams to bring more areas under irrigation and to recharge

aquifer for supplementing groundwater reserve. Therefore, main focus in recent

years has been the construction of dams to conserve water in order to expand

and intensify irrigated agriculture. The irrigated agriculture has evolved over

many centuries and today, despite the decades of civil strife, there are still

thousands of hectares being irrigated by traditional systems, which are

managed, operated and maintained by communities with little or no involvement

of the government. However, there is considerable opportunity for increasing

agricultural production by construction of major infrastructure works, like

construction of small dams, diversion weirs, lining of water courses and

increasing awareness about latest farm practices and cropping patterns which

are beyond the technical and financial capacity of the farming communities.

FATA Water Resources Development Project (FWRDP) will be operational in

the federal territories at the western borders of Pakistan with Afghanistan. It

focuses on increasing irrigation supplies in three agencies, namely Mohmand,

Khyber and Bajaur, to increase crop production and harvest water sustainability.

The project is being proposed as a result of the Water Assessment Study

executed under the completed ADB supported FATA Rural Development

Project of FATA Secretariat. The study identified 40 watersheds where the

groundwater aquifers are depleting at a high rate, even under average weather

conditions due to unplanned water extraction for irrigation and other associated

purposes. It recommends shifting from groundwater to surface water, which

remains totally unutilized, and identified potential sites for small reservoirs and



diversion weirs in the 40 watersheds of Mohmand, Khyber and Bajaur Agencies

of FATA.

The proposed Shangade weirs on Lashora stream/khwar is located 12 km North

West of Jamrud Town (agency head quarter of Khyber Agency) near the village

of Walu Mela. As per availability of perennial flow in Lashora Khwars two low

height weirs are proposed. First site (Shangade Weir) is lies between 34˚ 2' 20.11” latitude and 71˚ 19' 51.17” longitude. While second site (Gudar Weir site)

is lies between 34˚ 1' 22.49” latitude and 71˚ 20' 52.63” longitude respectively. The diversion weirs have been located at the minimum possible width of the

Lashora khwar. For the diversion of irrigation discharge Tyrolean type weirs are

adopted at both locations. The catchment area at Walu Mela is 29.30 sq kms

and at Gudar the catchment area is 40.90 sq kms. The length of main stream is

about 6.20 km with a bed slope of 109.18 m per km. Average perennial flow of

133 l/s has been observed in stream. The catchment area has moderate to

steep gradient with highest levels of 1354.53 m, extracted from digital elevation

model. The Net length of Walu Mela weir is 22 m which includes 3 m long

Tyrolean section. Concrete apron and riprap (combined length of 6 m) has been

proposed at downstream for energy dissipation.

At Gudar weir site the adopted length for the weir is 40 m including 3 m Tyrolean

section. Due to 1 m height weirs at both locations only concrete apron and riprap

has been proposed at downstream for energy dissipation.

From weirs, downstream command area is 37 ha upto tail of Lashora Khwar.

Length of main conduit/minors are 6 km starting from weir downstream to tail it

is 7.2 km. HDPE Pipes of 225 mm and 150 mm diameters are adopted for main

and minor irrigation network. On farm water management work, should be laid

and constructed by mutual consent of community organization.

Project Consultants

The Proponent / client, FATA Water Resources Development Project, FATA

Secretariat entered into a formal contract in Oct, 2016 with design and

supervision consultants for the project with joint venture, led by BAK Consulting

Engineers, AGES Consultants and Rehman Habib Consultants.

Purpose of This Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)

Environmental Assessment is a systematic process for evaluating the

environmental consequences of any proposed Policy, Plan or Program initiative

in order to ensure that the various concerns are fully included and appropriately

addressed at the earliest stage of decision making at par with the economic and

social considerations. The economic, social, and environmental change is

inherent to development. Whilst, development aims to bring about positive

change, it can lead to conflicts. In the past, the promotion of economic growth,

as the motor for increased well-being, was the main development thrust with



little sensitivity towards adverse social or environmental impacts. The need to

avoid adverse impacts and to ensure long term benefits led to the concept of

sustainability. This has become accepted as an essential feature of the

development, if the aim of increased well-being and greater equity in fulfilling

basic needs is to be met for the present and future generations. Environment

Assessment thus, has three main functions:

• To predict positive and adverse impacts.

• To find ways to minimize/manage adverse impacts.

• To enhance positive effects.

Under PPTA feasibility assessments of 03 Pilot subprojects and subsequent

Initial Environment Examination (IEE) was completed in 2014. This present

study relates to updating of Initial Environment Examination (IEE), due to

revised scope of work for construction of Shangade weirs Khyber Agency.

Irrigated agriculture in FATA relies predominantly on groundwater abstracted by

tube wells, dug wells and open wells; surface water utilization is low. Poor water

resources management has become a major challenge to increasing agriculture

productivity, which undermines efforts to improve the socioeconomic condition

of FATA’s inhabitants. Various factors such as poor water resource

management, extensive deforestation and over grazing of rangelands have put

immense pressure and stresses on FATA’s watersheds. Their degraded

condition has increased runoff and resulted in high soil erosion. In the absence

of proper tree and vegetation cover, the run off leads to flash floods that often

destroy the productive agricultural land in the valley bottom. This steadily

worsening situation has severe repercussions for the overall sustainability and

viability of the resource base of the watersheds, and thereby on the region’s

population, the majority of which are dependent on this resource base for their

livelihoods. Increasing tree cover and the construction of check dams (where

appropriate), will strengthen the watersheds, reduce land erosion and the

frequency and impact of flash floods, and improve water availability through

replenishment of the aquifers.

Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) study takes into account the natural

environment (air, water, land, flora & fauna), human health and safety. This

study evaluates the Sub Project’s potential environmental risks and impacts in

its area of influence and outlines planning, designing and implementation by

preventing, minimizing or mitigating for adverse environmental impacts and

enhancing positive impacts throughout Sub Project implementation.

The civil work within the Sub Project area will cause some disturbances. The

activities during construction period involve; construction of weir and water

channels, development of command area, borrow material, stone pitching,

camping grounds, material dump, machinery yard and other necessary facilities



for the staff/labor to be engaged for the construction of the Sub Project. There

is no such adverse environmental impact of the Sub Project but the

construction-related impacts such as air pollution, noise and use of community

resources can be well managed through the proper implementation of the

mitigation measures, which have been identified in this report. The Sub Project

has been classified as environmental category B according to ADB’s

Safeguards Policy Statement (SPS), 2009.

The Social Assessment (SA) has been conducted to evaluate the Sub Project’s

potential positive and adverse effects on the affected people and to examine

Sub Project alternatives where adverse effects may be significant. The width,

depth and type of analysis in the social assessment are proportional to the

nature of the Sub Project and scale of its potential effects, positive or adverse,

on the affected people.

The baseline data was developed and analyzed to identify potential

environmental impacts of the Sub Project. A Rapid Environmental Assessment

Checklist methodology was adopted to identify the high risk activities and

suggest their mitigation measures. Where possible, eliminating the risk by

altering the scope or method of execution of work was preferred rather than

minimizing the risk with control measures.

IEE Methodology

In the present study, standard methods were followed for Environmental and

Social Impact Assessment. All the methods were structured for collection and

organization of environmental baseline data and identification of environmental

impacts using different survey tools and discussions with different stakeholders.

The information, thus gathered, has been analyzed and presented in the form

of a number of visual formats for easy interpretation and decision making.

Study Area

The study area related to IEE of the project comprised the following areas and

features / aspects:

i. Directly affected area of the project

ii. Influence zone area that is the area in the region within 0.5 km

from the project corridor.



Figure 1.1: The Sub Project Location Map



Baseline Survey Methodology

A survey was carried out in the project area for field studies including physical,

biological and social impact assessment in March, 2017. A summary of the main

activities undertaken during the visit have been enlisted below:

i. Collected information and required data from the project area for

preparation of Initial Environmental Examination report.

ii. Identified site-specific issues of the proposed project.

iii. Information obtained regarding existing infrastructure in and

around the project area.

iv. Requirements of necessary mitigation measures to be integrated

into the overall plan were identified.

v. Consultations with the population settled in the vicinity of the

project.

vi. Survey of nearby Environmental Sensitive receptors.

vii. Vegetation Survey

viii. Different forest classes were identified and the degraded areas

and scrubs were delineated. The grasslands/ alpine pastures and

agricultural areas were also identified and delineated. The non-

forest land cover was also delineated.

ix. Interviews of the local for the presence and relative abundance of

various animal species within each locality were also taken to have

firsthand information.

x. Data collection was carried out on habitat condition, animal

presence by direct sighting and indirect evidences.

The section on climatology has been taken from the Project Hydrology Report

made by project Hydrologists.

The regional geology and seismo-tectonics of the region are discussed based on

the various available data sources and reports. Particularly, the discussion on

Project geology has been based on the data available in the Project Geology

Report and field observations made in selective pockets of different project

affected sites.

Land use and land cover mapping was carried out by standard methods of

analysis of remotely sensed data followed by ground truth.

Forest types and plant species were recorded during the field visits and the

floristic data for the catchment were sourced from the published literature. Based

on the field data and available literature, frequency, density and cover of each

species were calculated.

In order to collect the information on the fauna (mammals, avifauna,

herpetofauna) in the area, primary as well as secondary sources were utilized.



The Forest Working Plans of the Forest Divisions falling in the project area were

referred to for secondary information on the wildlife of the area.

The environmental testing (Air, Noise and Water) at site has been carried out and

the results are attached as supporting documents in Annex-II.

Impact Assessment Methodology

Prediction of impacts has been based on a broad matrix group ‘ecosystem’

constituted by physical and biological components. The vulnerability of an

ecosystem to various impacts resulting from an activity or multiple activities was

identified and accordingly impacts predicted. The main theme of the ecosystem

approach in visualizing impacts on various sets of environmental data revolves

around the idea that natural processes and patterns are likely to be affected

under impacts of a developmental activity.

In natural ecosystems, the impacts would surely change the existing state of

equilibrium. In managed ecosystems and human societies, impacts could be of

positive as well as adverse consequence. Similarly, in case of natural

ecosystems, likelihood of adverse impacts could be seen in terms of direct and/or

indirect, temporary or permanent impacts.

In the absence of long-term data availability on various environmental variables

and also the paucity of studies on their likely responses to changes under

developmental activities, it is difficult to predict impacts with a high degree of

exactness and certainty. For example, it will not be possible to predict impacts of

such a developmental activity on the behavioral patterns of animal and bird

populations except for the fact that their habitats may come under stress. In that

sense these predictive impacts could be said to have a limitation.

The potential impacts at various stages of the project were predicted, identified

and assessed according to their category of impact. They were classified as

negligent, moderate or high. Each category is defined as under;

Negligible: No or minimum impact

Moderate: Potential impact but can be mitigated (Site Specific)

High: significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse, or

unprecedented

The moderate to high impacts were further described and mitigation measures

were suggested accordingly.

The impacts identified, in detail, were marked on the maps. Consultants utilized

their own resources to carry out topographic survey of the project site. The

Survey activities had been performed under the supervision and guidance of

expert survey engineers.



The mitigation measures and environmental monitoring have been worked out in

the light of environmental impacts assessed. Interviews, field visits/surveys,

scoping sessions with officials/notables and concerned stakeholders were also

made for the accomplishment of the study.

Report Format

Chapter A: Introduction consists of the background, project needs and

objectives. It also explains the methodologies adopted for

carrying out different environmental and socio-economic

studies.

Chapter B: The legal and institutional framework section provides in

detail, an overview of the government laws and rules that

apply to regulate and control the environmental impacts due

to project implementation, operation and maintenance,

together with the relevant guidelines, legislation and policies

concerning the project.

Chapter C: It provides details of the project components and study of

different project alternatives. This chapter also includes, route

selection studies to select most viable route with maximum

socio-economic benefits with minimum environmental

adverse impacts.

Chapter D: It describes the baseline conditions like physical, biological

and socioeconomic, and surrounding area people. It also

provides information about the existing amenities like

education, health, infrastructure, cultural heritage, water

supply/availability, electricity, etc. in the area.

Chapter E: It describes the different alternative options studied for placing

the weir axis and type including No Project Option. Different

options were considered and evaluated on the basis of

technical, economic, social and environmental parameters. It

also provides the justification of current weir axis.

Chapter E: It provides the project impacts, both positive and

negative/adverse, on the land, land based assets,

infrastructure, crops, forest and fruit trees, existing amenities,

sewage, waste material generation etc. due to the

construction of the project. This section also deals with the

mitigation of the adverse impacts identified in the shape of the

compensation, rehabilitation, capacity building, provision of

livelihood resources and other needed amenities etc.

Chapter F: This chapter ensures that healthy and friendly environment is

created during the construction, operation and maintenance of



the project by adopting effective Environmental Management

Plan (EMP).

Chapter G: This chapter deals with consultation with different

stakeholders of the project as well as the study area.

Chapter H: This chapter covers the Grievance Redress Mechanism from

stakeholders and general public, and also includes required

actions taken on any issue raised by them during construction

or operational phases of the project.

Chapter I: It summaries the positive and adverse impacts, mitigation

measures of the adverse impacts and main recommendations

based on the studies carried out and

discussions/consultations with the affected persons, other

stakeholders and notables of the project area.

Project Categorization

According to ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009, projects are to be

categorized into three environmental categories; A, B, or C. All the anticipated

adverse environmental impacts of the project can be mitigated, temporary nature

and localized, except few adverse impacts those are long term and will be

manage/minimize through implementation of Environment Management Plan.

The REA Checklist (Attached as Annex-VI) defines this in category “B” as per

ADB’s guidelines for project categorization.

IEE Team

The IEE team for Shangade weirs sub projects consists of the following.

Mr Shabir Ahmad Khan Environment Specialist

Mr Ihsan Ullah Afridi Environmentalist

Mr Ibad Ullah Sociologist



POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

General

This section provides an overview of the policy framework and national

legislation that applies to the proposed sub-project. The project is expected to

comply with all national legislation relating to environment in Pakistan and

ADB`s Environment Safeguards Policy Statement (SPS) 2009.

National Policy and Legal Framework

NEP is the primary policy of Government of Pakistan addressing

environmental issues. The broad Goal of NEP is, “to protect, conserve and

restore Pakistan’s environment in order to improve the quality of life of the

citizens through sustainable development”. The NEP identifies a set of

sectorial and cross-sectorial guidelines to achieve its goal of sustainable

development. It also suggests various policy instruments to overcome the

environmental problems throughout the country.

Prior to the adoption of the 18th Constitutional Amendment, the Pakistan

Environmental Protection Act (PEPA) 1997 was the governing law for

environmental conservation in the country. Under PEPA 1997, the Pakistan

Environmental Protection Council (PEPC) and Pakistan Environmental

Protection Agency (EPA) were primarily responsible for administering PEPA

1997. After the adoption of the 18th Constitutional Amendment in 2011, the

subject of environment was devolved and the provinces have been

empowered for environmental protection and conservation.

Regulations for Environmental Assessment, Pakistan EPA

Under Section 12 of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997, a project

falling under any category specified in Schedule I (SRO 339, 10/2000) requires

the proponent to file an Initial Environment Examination (IEE) report with

concerned provincial or federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Projects falling under any category specified in schedule II, the proponent shall

submit an EIA with the Provincial or federal Agency, in this case Pakistan

Environmental Protection Agency (Pak-EPA) Islamabad, as the project is

located in FATA. Within 10 working days of IEE or EIA having been deposited,

the concerned agency will confirm that the document submitted is complete for

the purpose of review. During this time should the empowered agency require

the proponent for revision, clearly citing those aspects that need further

discussion the proponent will carry out necessary revision. Subsequently, the

concerned agency will make every effort to complete the process for an IEE

review within 45 days and an EIA within 90 days of filing and issue a “No-

Objection Certificate” to the project proponent.



Regulatory Clearances, EPA

In accordance with regulatory requirements, an IEE/EIA satisfying the

requirements of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act is to be submitted

to Federal Environment Protection Agency for review and approval, and

subsequent issuance of NOC before the commencement of construction.

Guidelines for Environmental Assessment, Pakistan EPA

The Pak-EPA has published a set of environmental guidelines for conducting

environmental assessments and the environmental management of different

types of development projects. The guidelines that are relevant to the

proposed sub-project are listed below:

• Guidelines for the Preparation and Review of Environmental Reports, Pakistan, EPA1997;

• Guidelines for Public Consultations; Pakistan EPA May 1997;

Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency Review of IEE and EIA

Regulations, (2000)

The Regulation classifies projects on the basis of expected degree of adverse

environmental impacts and lists them in two separate schedules. Schedule I

lists projects that may not have significant environmental impacts and

therefore require an IEE. Schedule II lists projects of potentially significant

environmental impacts requiring preparation of an EIA. The Regulations also

require that all projects located in environmentally sensitive areas require

preparation of an EIA. It also lists projects not requiring either an EIA or an

IEE.

National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS)

The National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) were first promulgated

in 1993 and have been amended in 1995 and 2000. They have been revised

and the latest NEQS were issued in 2010.These standards are also stringent

with the International NEQs Regulation. The following standards that are

specified in the NEQS are relevant to the proposed Sub Project.

• NEQS for Ambient Air – November, 2010 state the Maximum allowable

concentration of pollutants (9 parameters) in gaseous emissions from

vehicle exhaust.

• NEQS for Drinking Water Quality – 2010 describe the drinking water

properties by outlining the defined physical and chemical parameters.



• NEQS for Noise – November 2010 states the maximum allowable limit

of noise arising from vehicles in decibels (dB) separately for day and

night times.

• NEQS for Waste Effluents –2000 states the Maximum allowable

concentration of pollutants (32 parameters) in municipal and liquid

industrial effluents discharged to inland waters, sewage treatment

facilities and the sea.

• These standards apply to the gaseous emissions and liquid effluents

discharged by, campsites and construction machinery. The standards

for vehicles will apply only during the construction phase of the Sub

Project. Standards for ambient air quality have also been prescribed.

(Reference Annex III for NEQS).

Comparative Analysis of the National and International Standards

1. A comparison of applicable local and international guidelines for air quality has

been provided in Table 2.1 In general, the NEQS standards for air quality are most

stringent in comparison to USEPA, WHO and the World Bank standards. The only

exception is the TSP parameter for the annual mean where the World Bank

standard (100 ug/m3) is more stringent than the NEQS standard (360 ug/m3). Apart

from this one exception, the NEQS standards will also be used for the proposed

project.

2. Similar to the standards for air quality, the comparison of noise standards provided

in Table 2.2 clearly shows that NEQS standards for noise in case of commercial

areas are more stringent in comparison to the World Bank/IFC standards. In case

of night time standards for the residential areas, the IFC/WHO standards are more

stringent as compared to Pak NEQS. Apart from this one exception, the NEQS

standards will be used for the proposed project.



Table 2.1 Comparison of International and local Air Quality Standards

Pollutants

USEPA1 WHO2 World Bank3 Pak. NEQS

Avg. Time

Standard Avg. Time

Standard Avg. Time

Standard Avg. Time

Standard

SO2 1 hr

3hrs

Primary- 75 ppb

Secondary- 0.5 ppm (1,300 μg/m³)

24-hour mean

20 μg/m3

Annual Mean

125 (Interim target-1)

50 (Interim target-2)

20 (guideline)

Annual Average

80 ug/m3

10-minute mean

500 μg/m3

24 hrs 120

ug/m3

10 minutes

500 ug/m3

CO

1 hr

8 hrs

Primary 35 ppm

(40 mg/m³)

Primary 9 ppm

(10 mg/m³)

8 hrs

10 mg/m3

(8.7 ppm)

- -

8 hrs 5 mg/m3

40 mg/m3 1 hr 10

mg/m3

1 hr

NO2 Annual Mean

Primary & Secondary- 0.053 ppm

(100 μg/m³)

annual mean

1-hour mean

40 μg/m3

200 μg/m3

Annual Mean

40 (guideline)

200 (guideline)

Annual Average

40 ug/m3

24 hrs 80 ug/m3

O3

1 hr

8 hrs

Primary & Secondary- 0.12 ppm

(235 μg/m³)

Primary &

Secondary- 0.070 ppm

(140 μg/m³)

- - 1 hr 130

ug/m3 8 hrs mean

100 μg/m3

TSP 24 hrs 260 ug/m3 24 hrs 150-230 ug/m3

Annual Mean

100 ug/m3 Annual Mean

360 ug/m3

24 hrs 500 ug/m3 24 hrs 500

ug/m3

1 Source- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Ambient_Air_Quality_Standards retrieved on 15th January, 2018. 2 Source-http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs313/en/ retrieved on 15th January, 2018. 3 Source-IFC Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines-GENERAL EHS GUIDELINES: ENVIRONMENTAL AIR EMISSIONS AND AMBIENT AIR QUALITY, April 2007.



Pollutants

USEPA1 WHO2 World Bank3 Pak. NEQS

Avg. Time

Standard Avg. Time

Standard Avg. Time

Standard Avg. Time

Standard

PM10 24 hrs 150 μg/m³

Primary and

Secondary

annual mean

24-hour mean

20 μg/m3

50

μg/m3

1 year

24 hours

70 (Interim target-1) 50 (Interim target-2) 30 (Interim target-3)

20 (guideline)

150 (Interim target-1) 100 (Interim target-2) 75 (Interim target-3)

50 (guideline)

Annual Mean

120 ug/m3

24 hrs 150

ug/m3

PM2.5

-Annual

Annual

24 hrs

-Primary 12 μg/m³

Secondary 15 μg/m³

Primary & Secondary 35 μg/m³

annual mean

24-hour mean

10 μg/m3

25 μg/m3

- -

Annual Average

15 ug/m3

24 hrs 35 ug/m3

1 hr 15 ug/m3

Note: I ug/m3 = 0.002ppm

Table 2.2: Comparison of International and local for Noise-Limit in dB(A) Leq

NEQS (Effective form July, 2012) IFC & WHO

S.No Category of

Area/Zone

Day time Night time Receptor Day time

(7-00:22-

00)

Night time

(22:00-7:00)

1 Residential Area (A) 55 55 Residential;

institutional;

educational4

55 45

2 Commercial Area (B) 65 45 Industrial;

commercial

70 70

3 Industrial Area (C) 75 65

4 For acceptable indoor noise levels for residential, institutional, and educational settings refer to WHO (1999).



4 Silence Zone (D) 50 45

ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009

The Asian Development Bank’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009 requires

that environmental considerations be incorporated into ADB’s funded project to

ensure that the project will have minimal environmental impacts and be

environmentally sound. Occupational health & safety of the local population

should also be addressed as well as the project workers as stated in SPS.

All loans and investments are subject to categorization to determine

environmental assessment requirements. Categorization is to be undertaken

using Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) checklists, consisting of

questions relating to (i) the sensitivity and vulnerability of environmental

resources in Sub Project area, and (ii) the potential for the Sub Project to cause

significant adverse environmental impacts. Projects are classified into one of the

following environmental categories:

Category A: A project is classified as category A if it is likely to have significant

adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse or unprecedented.

These impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to

physical works. An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is required.

Category B: A project is classified as category B if its potential adverse

environmental impacts are less adverse than those of category “A” projects.

These impacts are site-specific, few, if any of them are irreversible, and in most

cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for category “A”

projects. An Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is required.

Category C: A project is classified as category C if it is likely to have minimal or

no adverse environmental impacts. No environmental assessment is required

although environmental implications need to be reviewed.

Category FI: A project is classified as category FI if it involves investment of ADB

funds to or through a financial intermediary (FI).

As a result of the completion of the Involuntary Resettlement (IR) and Indigenous

People (IP) Checklist the sub project has been placed in Category “C” while in

Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) checklist (Attached as Annex-V), the

Sub Project has been placed in Category ‘‘B’’ thus a detailed and comprehensive

IEE study has been prepared including the EMP.

Project Categorization

Under Section 12 of the Pakistan Environmental Protection Act 1997, a project

falling under any category specified in Schedule I (SRO 339, 10/2000) requires



the proponent to file an Initial Environment Examination (IEE) report with

concerned provincial or federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Projects

falling under any category specified in schedule II, the proponent shall submit an

EIA with the Provincial or federal Agency, in this case Pakistan Environmental

Protection Agency (Pak-EPA) Islamabad, as the project is located in FATA.

Within 10 working days of IEE or EIA having been deposited, the concerned

agency will confirm that the document submitted is complete for the purpose of

review. During this time should the empowered agency require the proponent for

revision, clearly citing those aspects that need further discussion the proponent

will carry out necessary revision. Subsequently, the concerned agency will make

every effort to complete the process for an IEE review within 45 days and an EIA

within 90 days of filing and issue a “No-Objection Certificate” to the project

proponent.

This project falls under schedule-I of the Pakistan Environmental Protection

Agency (Review of IEE & EIA) Regulations, 2000 in water management, dams,

irrigation and flood protection heading which states that dams and reservoirs with

storage volume less than 50 million cubic meters of surface area less than 8

square kilometers require an IEE.

IEE/EIA Regulations 2000, Schedule I IEE Required

Dams and reservoirs with storage volume less than 50 million cubic meters or surface area less than 8 square kilometers

Yes

Irrigation and drainage projects serving less than 15,000 hectares

Yes

Other Environment Related Legislations

The Table 2.3 provides a summary of all legislations, guidelines, conventions and

corporate requirements.

Table 2.3. Environmental Guidelines and Legislations

Legislation/Guideline Description

The Forest Act (1927) The Act empowers the provincial forest departments to declare any

forest area as reserved or protected. It empowers the provincial

forest departments to prohibit the clearing of forest for cultivation,

grazing, hunting, removing forest produce, quarrying and felling,

lopping and topping of trees, branches in reserved and protected

forests

The Antiquities Act (1975) It ensures the protection of Pakistan’s cultural resources. The Act

defines “antiquities” as ancient products of human activity,

historical sites, or sites of anthropological or cultural interest,

national monuments, etc. The Act is designed to protect these




antiquities from destruction, theft, negligence, unlawful excavation,

trade, and export. The law prohibits new construction in the

proximity of a protected antiquity and empowers the GOP to

prohibit excavation in any area that may contain articles of

archaeological significance. Under the Act, the project proponents

are obligated to ensure that no activity is undertaken in the

proximity of a protected antiquity, report to the Department of

Archaeology, GOP, any archaeological discovery made during the

course of the project.

Pakistan Penal Code (1860) It authorizes fines, imprisonment or both for voluntary corruption or

fouling of public springs or reservoirs so as to make them less fit

for ordinary use.

The West Pakistan Fisheries

Act 1961

The Fisheries Act requires protection of public waters as habitat of

fish and other aquatic life. This is helping the Fisheries Department

to provide effective protection to the fish and other aquatic life in

the game Sanctuary upstream the barrage and the public waters

downstream the barrage. Fish is a food to a good number of

migratory birds.

The Public Health (Emergency

Provision) Act 1954 read with

West Pakistan Epidemic

Control Act 1958

These two laws cover the presentation and spread of human

diseases, safeguarding the public health and providing and

maintaining adequate medical services and other services

essential to the health of the communities in the project area.

Explosives Act 1884

Under the Explosives Act 1884, the Project Contractors are bound

by regulation on properly and securely handling, transporting and

using explosive during quarrying, blasting and other purposes.

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND CONSERVATION STRATEGIES

National Conservation Strategy Before the approval of NEP, the National Conservation Strategy

(NCS) was considered as the Government’s primary policy

document on national environmental issues. At the moment, this

strategy just exists as a national conservation program. The NCS

identifies 14 core areas including conservation of biodiversity,

pollution prevention and abatement, soil and water conservation

and preservation of cultural heritage and recommends immediate

attention to these core areas.

Biodiversity Action Plan The plan recognizes IEE/EIA as an effective tool for identifying and

assessing the effects of a proposed operation on biodiversity.

Environment and Conservation There is a well-established framework for environmental

management in Pakistan. The Ministry of Environment deals with

environment and biological resources. Within the ministry, the NCS

unit established in 1992 is responsible for overseeing the

implementation of the strategy. Two organizations, the Pakistan

Environmental Protection Council (PEPC) and the Pak EPA are

primarily responsible for administering the provisions of the PEPA,

1997. The PEPC oversees the functioning of the Pak EPA. Its

members include representatives of the government, industry, non-




governmental organizations and the private sector. The Pak EPA

is required to ensure compliance with the NEQS, establish

monitoring and evaluation systems, and both identify the need to

and institution of legislations whenever necessary. It is thus the

primary implementing agency in the hierarchy. The Provincial

Environmental Protection Agencies are formed by the respective

provinces.

ADB’s ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES

Safeguard Policy Statement

(SPS), 2009

ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009 provides

guidelines for environmental assessments of development

projects. These guidelines help prospective projects identify

impacts they will have on various environmental receptors. The

guidelines call for carrying out EIAs or IEEs of projects based on

severity of their impacts.

INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS

The Convention on

Conservation of Migratory

Species of Wild Animals

(1981.21)

The Convention requires countries to take action to avoid

endangering migratory species. The term "migratory species"

refers to the species of wild animals, a significant proportion of

whose members cyclically and predictably cross one or more

national jurisdictional boundaries. The parties are also required to

promote or cooperate with other countries in matters of research

on migratory species. There are no endangered species of plant

life or animal life in the vicinity of the Project.

Convention on International

Trade in Endangered Species

of Wild Fauna and Flora (1973)

The convention requires Pakistan to impose strict regulation

(including penalization, confiscation of the specimen) regarding

trade of all species threatened with extinction or that may become

so, in order not to endanger their survival further.

International Union for

Conservation of Nature and

Natural Resources Red List

(2000)

Lists wildlife species experiencing various levels of threats

internationally. Some of the species indicated in the IUCN red list

are also present in the wetlands of Pakistan.

Convention on wetlands of

international importance,

especially as Waterfowl Habitat

(RAMSAR 1971)

This Convention enjoins upon signatory factions to provide and

protect the habitats of migratory waterfowl.

Convention on Conservation of

Migratory species of Wild

Animals (Bonn 1979), as a

follow up to RAMSAR 1971

This convention came up as a follow up to RAMSAR 1971 and took

care of the specifics



PROJECT DESCRIPTION

Project Features

The general layout of Shangade weir project includes the two weirs, irrigation

intake and outlet structures and irrigation network.

In locating the project features such as the topography, geology and geological

technical aspects play a major role, while the weir height, its sizing, design capacity

of the main canals and their alignment also have their own importance.

The Lashora Khwar flows are planned to be used for irrigation by constructing two

weirs, located at upstream of Walu Mela village and Gudar village in Khyber

agency. The weirs will divert perennial flows of springs to irrigate the command

area at downstream. For this purpose, Tyrolean type weirs are proposed in which

water is taken into a lateral channel connecting to Tyrolean part of the weir. It is

generally preferred in order to divert water in mountainous regions with steep

slopes where bed sediment concentration is rather high. To release the Lashora

khwar floods an overflow section is provided which will safely route such excess

flows downstream of the weir.

The catchment area of Lashora Khwar upto Walu Mela and Gudar weir sites are

29.30 and 40.90 square kilometers. The climate of the project area is semi-arid

and rainfall data of Peshawar for period of 1970-2015 is adopted for estimation of

hydrological parameters. Mean annual rainfall is 463 mm. Usual trend of rainfall

occurrence is during March-April and July-August. Perennial flow has been

observed from November, 2016 to April, 2017. About 14.5 litre per sec flow have

been measured during the period at each weir site which is utilized for diversion

for irrigation of 37 ha.

As per availability of perennial flow in Lashora Khwars two low height weirs are

proposed. The diversion weirs have been located at the minimum possible width

of the Lashora khwar. For the diversion of irrigation discharge Tyrolean type weirs

are adopted at both locations.

The Net length of Wale Mela weir is 22 m which includes 3 m long Tyrolean section.

Concrete apron and riprap (combined length of 6 m) has been proposed at

downstream for energy dissipation.

At Gudar weir site the adopted length for the weir is 40 m including 3 m Tyrolean

section. Due to 1 m height weirs at both locations only concrete apron and riprap

has been proposed at downstream for energy dissipation.

From weirs, downstream command area is 37 ha upto tail of Lashora Khwar.

Length of main conduit/minors are 6 km starting from weir downstream to tail it is

7.2 km. HDPE Pipes of 225 mm and 150 mm diameters are adopted for main and



minor irrigation network. On farm water management work, should be laid and

constructed by mutual consent of community organization.

Figure 3.1: Walu Mela Weir Layout Plan

Figure 3.2: Gudar Weir Layout Plan

Shangade weirs project on account of its construction volume would not require

elaborate arrangements for construction of labour camps. Storage sheds for

TYROLEAN

STILLING BASIN

0.5

0

3.7

53.0

05.0

0

1.2122.00

3.00 3.00 16.00

0.5

0

SID

E W

AL

L

SID

E W

AL

L

CUTOFF WALL

P.C.C (1:3:6)1.3

10.3

0

SILT REMOVER

STOPLOG4.20

7.23

GUIDE WALL

WING WALL

1.21

STONE APRON G.I WIRE CRATE

0.5

0

GUIDE WALL

4.70

STILLING BASIN

TYROLEAN

4.50 3.00 34.00 1.50

0.5

0

3.7

54

.00

3.0

0

1.21

40.00

1.21

STOPLOG

SID

E W

AL

L

SID

E W

AL

L

SILT REMOVER

CUTOFF WALL

P.C.C (1:3:6)

1.3

1

3.00

STONE APRON G.I WIRE CRATE

5.75

2.0

0

0.3

0



construction materials would be constructed in the vicinity of weir construction

sites. Non-technical labour to be engaged would be of local origin and as such

would not require housing. The contractor will make his own arrangements for the

technical staff and details will be provided in SSEMP.

All the land required for different project components is community owned barren

land which would be provided voluntarily; no land base infrastructure will be

affected during construction as well as operational phases of the project. The

permanent land for project components such as weir, water channels, offices, etc.

as well as temporary land will be taken on lease if required. The amount of lease

is part of project civil cost and is not added in Environmental Management Cost

(details in Chapter G) to avoid duplication of cost.

Table 3.1: Salient Features of the Project

Catchment Area at Wula Mela: 29.30 square kilometers

Catchment Area at Gudar: 40.90 square kilometers

Perennial flow at both weirs: 10-15 lit./sec each in low flow

Design Flood at Wula Mela: 233 cumec

Design Flood at Gudar : 267 cumec

Wula Mala Weir Length: 22 m

Guddar Weir Length: 40 m

Height of Weir: 1 m

Tyrolean Part at both weirs: 3 m

Pipe Type: HDPE

Command Area: 37 hectares (91 acres)

Irrigation Intensity: 127 %

Irrigation Channel Design discharge: 15.50 lit./sec

Dia of Main Pipe: 0.225 m

Length of Main Pipe: 5.70 km

Dia of Minor Pipes: 0.15 m

Length of Minor Pipe: 1600 m

Project Cost: Rs. 62.49 Million

Construction Period: 12 months

EIRR: 13.59 %

FIRR 12.19

The location of the project is shown in Figure 3.1 and Google Image in Figure 3.2:

FATA Water Resources Development Shangade Weir Pilot Sub Project


Figure 3.3: Project Location Map



Figure 3.4: Satellite Image of the Project Area



Figure 3.5: Schematic Map of Shangade Weirs



Project Location

Khyber Agency is the tribal area in the Federally Administered Tribal Areas of

Pakistan created in 1873. It ranges from the Tirah valley down to Peshawar. It

borders Nangarhar Province in the west, Orakzai Agency in the south, Kurram

Agency in south west and Peshawar district in the east. Jamrud is headquarter of

the Khyber Agency. Khyber Agency lies between latitude 33˚ 43' to 34˚ 21' and longitude 71˚ 27' to 71˚ 32'. The Khyber Agency is drained by tributaries of the Kabul and Bara rivers. It covers an area of 2,576 km2.

Lashora Khwar on which two weir sites exist, is on North east, semi-arid part of

Khyber Agency. The proposed weirs on Lashora stream / khwar are located 12 km

North West of Jamrud Town (agency head quarter of Khyber Agency) near the

village of Walu Mela. First site (Shangade Weir) lies between 34˚ 2' 20.11” latitude and 71˚ 19' 51.17” longitude while second site (Gudar Weir site) is lies between

34˚ 1' 22.49” latitude and 71˚ 20' 52.63” longitude respectively.

Project Objectives

The main objective of the Shangade Weir Pilot Subproject (SWPS) is to divert

perennial runoff at two points for assured irrigation supplies to Culturable

Command Area (CCA) of approximately 37 ha downstream. Presently 4.16 ha of

the subproject area is developed/irrigated and the cropping intensity is very low,

that is 20.4 % annually. Regular and dependable irrigation water availability with

the construction of Shangade Weir will greatly increase cropping intensity to 120%

annually and production in the currently un-irrigated command area. Due to timely

and regulated water supplies there will be substantial improvement in agriculture

production. Provision of irrigation water with the construction of the weirs, will

transform the below subsistence level rain fed farming lands into productive

irrigated agriculture.

Construction Planning

The main components of Shangade weir irrigation project include the:

i. Geotechnical Investigation

ii. Foundation preparation

iii. Main Weir Embankment.

iv. Spillway with Stilling Basin at the downstream.

v. Intake and Outlet structure

vi. Irrigation system.

These components are proposed to be constructed in two stages. The

Geotechnical investigation will be carried out first, while construction of civil works



will be carried out after design review. The stage wise break-up of components for

construction purposes is briefly described below:

Stage-I

Preparation of Foundation for Main Weir

The foundation preparation will involve excavation in stream/khwar bed and

abutments, which mostly constitute of shingle gravel and weathered rock

formation. Most of the excavation will be done without blasting, whereas in some

places-controlled blasting will be employed, avoiding shattering of rock formation.

The detail of excavation involved has been shown in the cross section provided in

Chapter 5 of Feasibility report.

Main weir (both) - Left Section

Construction of main weir embankments is proposed to commence from left and

right abutment towards the middle. The top of side wall from weir crest is 3.3 m

high at Walu Mela weir site, i.e fixed at elevation 513.3 m asl to prevent

overtopping in case of extreme flood conditions. Similarly, the side walls at

upstream and downstream of the weir have been extended into the rock on both

sides to minimize seepage around the weir ends.

The top of side wall from weir crest is 2.70 m high for Gudar weir, i.e. fixed at

elevation 460.5 m asl to prevent overtopping in case of extreme flood conditions.

Similarly, the side walls at upstream and downstream of the weir have been

extended into the rock on both sides to minimize seepage around the ends.

The HDPE Pipe Conduit will be laid through weir body and irrigation channel is to

be temporarily re-aligned to HDPE pipe conduit for maintaining irrigation flows.

Construction of intake and outlet structure will be taken up at later stage.

Table 3.2: Diversion Weirs Works and Quantities

Item # Description Unit Quantity

1

Excavation

cu.m 1860.98

2 Structural backfill using common Material available at site.

cu.m 329.31

3 Cement Concrete Work cu.m 865.2

8 Steel Work Tonne 52.16

9 Providing and Laying stone pithcing/filling, dry hand packed in pitching & aprons.

cu.m 196.06

10 Provide, install Lift gate assembly complete in all aspects as directed by the Engineer Incharge.

Kg 137.5

11 Providing, laying, jointing HDPE Pipe: dia 300 MM (Main Irrigation Pipe)

Rm 7.5



Stage- II

Main Weir Body

Two low height weirs across Lashora khwar at suitable locations should be

constructed to utilize the perennial flow springs for irrigation. Considering the site

geology, topography and command area two weir site are selected. First site (Walu

Mela Weir site) is located near Walu Mela village, while second weir site i.e. (Gudar

Weir) is proposed at 1.8 km downstream near Gudar village.

The diversion weirs have been located at the minimum possible width of the

Lashora khwar. For the diversion of irrigation discharge Tyrolean type weirs are

adopted at both locations. The diversion weir comprises an overflow sections with

depressed Tyrolean section for flow diversion.

Construction of main weir body is proposed to commence from left and right

abutment in layers and intake pipe would be placed near right abutment in both

the weirs. Construction of Irrigation channel and outlet structure will be taken up

as parallel activities of this stage.

Stilling Basin

Terminal structures to weir are provided to safely deliver the excess discharge to

the downstream. The hydraulic jump stilling basin is one of the typical types of

energy dissipaters, which has been adopted for the project. At downstream of the

stilling basin, riprap has been proposed to protect the structure from scouring.

Construction of stilling basin will be started after construction of outlet structures.

Irrigation System

Commencement of activities for the construction of irrigation system will also take

place after construction of intake and gate valve structure. This activity will run

parallel to other activities onwards till final completion of weir body and other

appurtenant structures. Once the main Irrigation channel has been completed, the

beneficiaries will be provided with design and layout of field channels falling within

the proposed weir project. The activity would be mostly carried out by the

beneficiaries as part of their Labour and Land contribution.

Table 3.3: Personnel Requirement

Sr. No Position Nos

1 Project Manager / Project Engineer 01

2 Construction Supervisor 02

3 Site Engineer 01

4 Environmentalist 01



5 Health and Safety Officer 01

6 Surveyor 02

7 Quantity Surveyor 01

8 Site Inspector (Environment) 01

9 Skilled Labor 05

Table 3.4: Equipment Requirements

Sr. No Equipment/Machinery Type Nos

1 Front End Loader 01

2 Excavator 01

3 Dumper 02

4 Water Tanker 02

5 Mixer 01

6 Generator 02

7 Tractor along with Trolley 01

Commissioning of Weirs

The weirs and its associated structures i.e. main irrigation channels and minor

distribution channels will be commissioned on completion of stage-II works and by

starting the perennial flow diversion.

Project Implementation

The Project implementation would be carried out in accordance with Project

Administration Manual (PAM) framed under FWRDP PPTA by Asian Development

Bank. The project construction would be completed in twelve (12) months.

Executing Agency

The FATA Secretariat will be the executing agency. A Project Management Unit

(PMU) will be established in the Planning and Development Department (P&D

Department) of the FATA Secretariat. Project implementing agencies include the

Directorate of Irrigation, which will be responsible for the improved irrigation

infrastructure and on-farm water management components with the latter effort

supported by the Department of Agriculture. The FATA Department of Forests will

be responsible for the watershed management component.

Design Consultant

The design and residency supervision of these subprojects would be carried out

by FWRDP design consultants. The consultants will carry out screening of the



subprojects as per selection criteria. Accordingly, feasibility study of the

subprojects fulfilling the selection criteria would be framed.

FATA Development Working Party

The FATA Development Working Party (FDWP) would approve the feasible

subprojects of FWRDP. The FDWP would be delegated special powers to approve

FWRDP Subprojects costing more than the threshold approval limit of FDWP. The

project will also be implemented in cooperation with local community organizations

(COs) established under the FRDP and will be key partners in the new project.

The COs will enter into Terms of Partnership (TOPs) with the FATA Secretariat for

the preparation and implementation of all sub-projects to be financed under the

project. Such TOPs were already signed with COs for the 3 pilot subprojects, and

are the model to be followed for subsequent sub-projects. The COs also would be

responsible for maintenance of completed sub-projects under the main project.

Prior to the commencement of each proposed Subproject, the FATA Secretariat

and the relevant Community Organization will have entered into a Terms of

Partnership (“TOP”) setting forth, among other relevant terms, the details of the

preparation and implementation of such Subproject (including information on any

land to be voluntarily contributed by the community for such Subproject) and

subsequent operation and maintenance of the facilities financed under such

subproject, which such TOP will have been approved by the Political

Administration.

Terms of Partnership

TOP for a subproject involving the construction of a weir or irrigation channel will

stipulate that the relevant Community Organization will be responsible for

operation and maintenance of such weir or irrigation channel from such

Community Organization’s own funds, provided, that, any major repairs to such

facilities shall be carried out by, and at the expense of, the FATA Secretariat,

through its Irrigation Department.

Operation and Maintenance

The project has been designed to minimize manual operation to a minimum but

the main canal can be regulated for flows through vertical steel gate.

The beneficiaries have signed Terms of Partnership (TOP) with the Political

Administration of Khyber Agency and Irrigation Directorate, FATA. The TOP

clearly states the roles and responsibilities of each stake holder. Most of the O &

M activities at secondary and tertiary level would be carried out by the beneficiary

through Village Organization/CO.



DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT

General

The purpose of this chapter is to establish baseline conditions for the

physical, biological and social aspects of the environment of project area.

The data were collected regarding the physical environment, biological

environment and social aspects of the study area from field surveys, desk

studies and visits to the Government departments, other relevant agencies,

and discussions with the main stakeholders of the area. The purpose of

baseline study is to fulfill the following objectives.

a. To get the data about the physical, biological and socio-

economic environment of the project area

b. To understand the current situation of the area

comprehensively.

c. To rationalize the decisions according to the ground realities.

Information sources for this IEE also include:

i. Water Assessment Study & Management Plan, Bajaur, Khyber and Mohmand, published by ADB and FATA Secretariat, produced under the ADB FATA Rural Development Project (FRDP)

ii. Forest Atlas of Pakistan

iii. GIS Database developed by the PPTA GIS Specialist

iv. Primary Surveys conducted under PPTA by Environment Specialist

v. Hydraulic Design Feasibilities conducted under PPTA by Hydraulic Design Specialist

vi. Agriculture and Geological Studies conducted under PPTA by Agricultural Specialist and Geologist

vii. IEE previously done by PPTA in 2014

The main environmental conditions, likely to be affected due to project

execution are:

a. Physical Environment

b. Biological Environment

c. Socio-economic Environment

Baseline Survey Methodology

A Survey was carried out in the project area for field studies including

physical, biological and social impact assessment on March, 2017. The visit

was made to the project area to understand the terrain, environment and



social issues, and vegetation of the study area. During the visit, the

preliminary interpreted data were tested and necessary corrections made

after proper ground-truthing. The physiographic features on the satellite

imagery appearing in different tones and textures were used to correlate

image elements and ground features for accurate identification.

The purpose of the site visits was to familiarize with the physical, biological

and socioeconomic environment of the proposed project area and the areas

in the vicinity. Critical areas with respect to environmental and social

concerns were identified and assessment of positive as well as adverse

impacts of the project on the environment was done. A summary of the main

activities undertaken during the visit have been enlisted below:

i. Collected information and required data from the project area

for preparation of Initial Environmental Examination report.

ii. Identified site-specific issues of microenvironment of the

proposed project.

iii. Information obtained regarding existing infrastructure in and

around the project area.

iv. Requirements of necessary mitigation measures to be

integrated into the overall plan were identified.

v. Consultations with the population settled in the vicinity of the

project.

vi. Survey of nearby Environmental Sensitive receptors.

vii. Interviews of the local for the presence and relative abundance

of various animal species within each locality were also taken

to have firsthand information.

viii. Data collection was carried out on habitat condition, animal

presence by direct sighting and indirect evidences.

Spatial data base on the physiographic features was prepared based on the

various data sources including Survey map of the project and topographic

sheets. These data were extracted and presented in accordance with the

standard IEE methodology used for such studies.

The section on climatology has been taken from the Project Hydrology

Report made by project Hydrologists.

The regional geology and seismo-tectonics of the region are discussed

based on the various available data sources and reports. Particularly, the

discussion on Project geology has been based on the data available in the

Project Geology Report and field observations made in selective pockets of

different project affected sites.



Land use and land cover mapping was carried out by standard methods of

analysis of remotely sensed data followed by ground truthing.

Forest types and plant species were recorded during the field visits and the

floristic data for the catchment were sourced from the published literature.

Based on the field data and available literature, frequency, density and cover

of each species were calculated.

Ecological status of species was identified as per IUCN Red list, 2017 and

other available literature.

In order to collect the information on the fauna (mammals, avifauna,

herpetofauna) in the area, primary as well as secondary sources were

utilized.

The environmental testing (Air, Noise and Water) at site has been carried

out to determine the baseline conditions of the area.

Study Area

The studied area for this IEE was broadly the Khyber Agency (Figure 4.1),

and more specifically sub-project location including Shangade settlement

and the catchment of the two streams on which SWPS is proposed to be

constructed. The Khyber Agency owes its name to the world’s famous

Khyber Pass which leads from Central Asia to Indo-Pak sub-continent. This

historic pass is situated at 1070 m above the mean sea level. It is integral

part of the ancient Silk route. Throughout the history, it has been an

important trade route between Central Asia and Indian Sub-continent.

The project study area primarily includes of the springs in the immediate

vicinity, which will be impacted directly or indirectly by the project. The

required information/ data of a baseline study were classified into two main

categories i.e. Primary data and Secondary data. The primary data was

collected directly from the concerned communities and direct observation,

secondary data was the information gathered through secondary sources

such as census report, research publications, topographic sheets, other

published data related to the project such as wildlife, livestock, fishery,

forestry, agriculture, horticulture, climate etc.

The project Area of influence (AoI) is referred to all those areas in the region

within 0.5 km from the project corridor and which may be affected directly or

indirectly by the project activities.

FATA has a unique governance status in Pakistan, with limited presence of

state functionaries at the local level, especially line departments for

environmental management. Apart from PEPA and Pakistan Trade Control

of Fauna and Flora Act, 2012, none of the other laws pertaining to



environmental management govern these territories. Hence, there is

extremely limited information on species distribution and abundance in the

region. There are no baselines for wild flora and fauna species, and

secondary information is scanty and dispersed. FATA Secretariat has a

Forestry Unit, which is only involved in afforestation activities, and maintains

basic data of forest area in the region. However, management of the

available forests and rangelands is under tribal control, as there are no state

designated reserves or protected areas. The only data available on water,

soil, agriculture, climate and watersheds is from the Water Assessment

Study and Management Plan5.

For the purpose of this IEE, detailed deliberations were held with relevant

stakeholders from the state, civil society and academia. A focused primary

survey was also conducted to ascertain species distribution and abundance

along with a very basic social mapping exercise.

As a result, an effort was made to establish a baseline or state of

environment for the three selected agencies, with a focus on sub-project site

locations. Having stated the above, there are still limitations to the accuracy

and authenticity, since in numerous cases, sources for data are singular and

cannot be cross verified due to paucity of reliable sources.

5 Water Assessment Study & Management Plan, Bajaur, Khyber and Mohmand, published by ADB and

FATA Secretariat, produced under the ADB FATA Rural Development Project (FRDP)



Figure 4.1: Map of Khyber Agency



Physical Environment

Topography

Khyber Agency is a tribal area in the Federally Administered Tribal

Areas region of Pakistan. It is one of the eight tribal areas, better known as

agencies in Pakistan. It ranges from the Tirah valley down to Peshawar. It

borders Nangarhar Province to the west, Orakzai Agency to the

south, Kurram Agency to south west and Peshawar to the east. An

interesting feature in the topography is a mountain spur from the Kunar

range, which, curving eastwards culminates in the well-known peak of Koh-

i-Mor, which is visible from the Peshawar valley. The topography of this pass

is prevailingly hilly, with rugged barren mountainous terrain, including narrow

strips of bottom valleys and sub valleys. The primary ecological factors

which determine the plant communities/association in this eco –zone are,

rainfall & temperature, topography and soil and elevation.

Climate

The Area falls in the cool sub-humid climatic zone associated with 500-1000

mm of annual precipitation. There are two distinct rainy seasons in the Area:

winter (December through March) and summer (June- September). There is

commonly a weak monsoon in July. During April and May, October and

November the weather remains dry. Winds are generally from a northerly

direction in winter and from the Southwest in summer.

The Project Area has a variable climate with cold winters and hot summers.

During summer months there is great fluctuation in diurnal temperature in

the open and in the shade of hilly areas. During summer, temperatures can

reach 40oC but summer nights are relatively cool. In the winter at higher

elevations the COI may experience snow from late December to mid-

February.

The mean maximum temperature during the hottest months of June and July

are 38 °C and 28 °C respectively. December and January are the coldest

months with mean minimum temperature of about 12 °C and 9 °C6.

The nearest station to the project area is Peshawar. The graphical

presentation of mean monthly with minimum and maximum temperature for

Peshawar is provided in figure 4.2 below.

6 Hydrological studies Feasibility Report (Data Source: Met office Peshawar)



Figure 4.2 Mean Monthly Temperature7

Hydrology

The estimation of water availability has also been carried out indirectly by

Soil Conservation Services Curve Number (SCS) method. Perennial flow in

low flow season September to February and high flow in March to August is

added in estimated flow. Curve number of 51, 70 and 85 for AMC-I, AMC-II

and AMC-III conditions are used. As Peshawar rainfall data is representing

the project area rainfall, water availability is estimated without any

adjustment / correction factor.

The catchment area of Lashora Khwar upto Walu Mela and Gudar weir sites

are 28 and 43 square kilometers. The climate of the project area is semi-arid

and rainfall data of Peshawar for period of 1970-2015 is adopted for

estimation of hydrological parameters. Mean annual rainfall is 463 mm.

Usual trend of rainfall occurrence is during March-April and July-August.

Perennial flow has been observed from November, 2016 to April, 2017.

About 14.5 litre per sec flow have been measured during the period at each

weir site which is utilized for diversion for irrigation of 37 ha. Due to no

storage and low hazard potential associated with weir structure 50 year

return period design flood of 233 and 267 cumec have been estimated by

SCS unit hydrograph method.

7 Data Source: Met office Peshawar



The perennial flow will be partially diverted and after some short distance

from weir site the environmental flow will be available. Moreover, all these

schemes are community based construction, where the construction of

channels were made according to the local community demand, considering

their other water uses if any like water supply etc. The fish is not present,

while the use of water by other habitat will meet by irrigation water channel.

Regional Geology

The Khyber Agency in which Walu Mela & Gudar weirs has been proposed

lies in the region which is close to the collision zone of the Indian and

Eurasian Plates; the collision process started in the late Eocene to Early

Oligocene with the formation of Himalayan Ranges and this process is still

going on. Relative to Eurasia, the Indian Plate is still moving northward at a

rate of about 4 cm/yr. The subduction of the Indian Plate beneath the

Eurasian Plate has resulted in folding and thrusting of the upper crustal

layers near the collisional boundary. The thrusting has been depicted from

north to south in the shape of Main Karakoram Thrst (MKT), Main Mantle

Thrust (MMT) and Salt Range Thrust (SRT).

Geology of the Project Area

The topography of the project area is rugged having moderate to high relief.

At some places the topographic conditions are quite favorable for siting

concrete gravity dams or weirs in narrow valleys with ample place upstream

for water storage. Lashora Khwar exhibits a “V” shaped valley which

indicates a mature age. The Lashora Khwar has a bed slope of 2.83 %. The

highest point in the water shed is at 1354.53 masl, whereas at Walu Mela

weir the streambed is 508.54 masl and at Gudar Weir it is 456.19 masl. The

vegetation cover of the catchment is poor8.

Soil

The soils command area is of piedmont plain, coarse to medium in texture,

and light brown in colour. The profile depth is shallow and mostly immature

soil development, gently to moderate sloping and well drained. The pH and

electrical conductivity is 8.60 and 0.21 ds/m respectively. The soil is light

textured i.e. sandy loam, with low organic matter and NPK9. The project

surface soils are loam and sandy loam, while the sub surface soil is loamy

sand. The limitations in the area are irregular topography, gravels and rapid

permeability.

8 Geological Studies Section of Feasibility Report 9 The soil textural classes, chemical and physical properties tests were carried out at the soil labatory ARI, Tarnab

Government of KPK, January 2014.



Seismology

Figure 4.3 shows the tectonic map of the area. The project area falls in minor

to moderate seismic zone. Formations in the study area are highly folded

and faulted due to tectonic movement. A large variety of rocks occur together

in a very disturbed manner. The country rocks are diorites, granite phyllites

and amphibolites with limestone, schist and phyllites.



Figure 4.3: Tectonic Map of Pakistan10

10 Source: Pakistan Meteorological Department



Ambient Air Quality and Noise

Sources of air and noise pollution around the sub-project area are minimal.

The area is predominantly rural, with no major industrial setups. The NEQS

for noise in residential areas is 55 dB (A) in the day time and 45 dB (A) at

night. Traffic is low, with heavy traffic being minimal. The ambient air quality

and noise at site was conducted at a 10 m distance from the main subproject

axis as most of the construction activities will be done here while the

residential area is at distance of more than 500 m where the impact of all

the construction activities will be minimum. The sampling location (Figure

4.4) were selected keeping in view;

(a) the Sensitive Receptors and

(b) magnitude of construction activities.

These locations will be helpful for construction phase impacts monitoring

and comparison of the results with the baseline situation. The result (Table

4.1 and 4.2) reveals that the air quality and noise of the area is within the

permissible limits of NEQS.

Table 4.1: Ambient Air Quality and Noise of Gudar Weir

Sr. No.

Parameter UoM Results NEQS IFC Method

1 Carbon Monoxide (CO)

µg/m3 0.0 10 - Electrochemical

2 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

µg/m3 1.2 120 125 Electrochemical

3 Nitrogen Oxide (NO)


4 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

µg/m3 19 80 - Electrochemical

5 PM10 µg/m3 45 150 150 Light Scattering

6 Ozone (O3) µg/m3 3.8 130 160 Electrochemical

7 Noise dB(A) 38.5 55 55 Digital Sound Meter



Table 4.2 Ambient Air Quality and Noise of Shangade Weir

Sr. No. Parameter UoM Results NEQS IFC Method

1 Carbon Monoxide (CO)


2 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

µg/m3 1.1 120 125 Electrochemical

3 Nitrogen Oxide (NO)


4 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

µg/m3 18 80 - Electrochemical

5 PM10 µg/m3 50 150 150 Light Scattering

6 Ozone (O3) µg/m3 10.0 130 160 Electrochemical

7 Noise dB(A) 40.1 55 55 Digital Sound Meter



Figure 4.4 Environmental Testing and Sampling Map



Water Resources

Surface Water

Shangade Khwar/stream, where SWPS will be constructed, falls within the

Koki Khel watershed. The Water Assessment Study & Management Plan,

published by FATA Secretariat and ADB in 2010 is the most detailed and

reliable study conducted for water resources development and management

for the three agencies of FATA. There are a number of rivers and their

tributaries in the project area of Khyber Agency (as shown in figure) that

have perennial flow from snow melt.

The following major rivers flow through the project area of Khyber agency:

Kabul River originates from Chitral, and enters Afghanistan at Arandu,

making a semi-circle around Kabul City reaches in the vicinity of Jalalabad

where it is called Kunar River. Of late, Government of Afghanistan has

planned a multipurpose dam at Kama village near Jalalabad. The proposed

Kama dam is expected to irrigate about 40,486 ha in Kunar province. The

proposed Kama dam will reduce the flows in Kabul River by 15%. The

construction of proposed Munda dam on Swat River which is a tributary of

Kabul River will mitigate the effects of 15% reduction of flows in Kabul River

due to Kama dam in Afghanistan. Kabul River re-enters Pakistan in

Mohmand Agency and after traversing a few kilometers it turns into a

boundary river between Mohmand and Khyber agencies.

Bara River originates in the southeast of Khyber Agency from Rajgal and

Malik Din Khel watersheds. It drains into the Kabul River near Nissata, after

passing through the settled areas. There are three canals off-taking from the

river, within and outside Khyber Agency.

Ground Water

The project area experiences two rain seasons: winter and summer. Water

supply is from rainfall, snow melt, and groundwater during the dry periods.

Area is a rain fed (barani) area. Depth to water table generally varies from

13 to 50 meters below ground level in barani areas whereas it is within 10 m

in irrigated areas.

The occurrence of groundwater particularly in barani areas is controlled by

hydro-geologic and climatic conditions. Rainfall is the main source of

groundwater recharge. Deep percolation from fields and stream losses at

various stages of flow coupled with varying properties of the upper soil strata

and the underground aquifer are responsible for varied availability of

groundwater across the district.



Groundwater is usually found at a depth of 55 - 70 meters, where annual

recharge is 85.41 MCM for an average year, 46.18 for a dry year and 146.06

MCM for a wet year.

Water Quality

The surface water samples 10 m upstream of weir axis and drinking water

samples from nearest settlements (Figure 4.4) of the subproject area were

collected and analyzed in the Laboratory. The result reveals that the water

is fit for irrigation (Table 4.3 and Table 4.4), while the drinking water quality

is not fit for drinking purposes with respect to biological analyses as the

water is biologically contaminated (Tables 4.5 & 4.6). This requires proper

treatment like chlorination or passing through ultra violet rays etc.

Table 4.3: Water Quality analysis result for Irrigation water of Gudar Weir

Sr. No Parameters UoM Methods NEQS Results

1 pH -- APHA 6.5-8.5 8.03

2 Total Dissolved

solids (TDS)

mg/L APHA <1000 290

3 Carbonate mg/L APHA -- 24

4 Sulphate mg/L AOAC <250 67.4

5 Nitrogen-Nitrates

mg/L APHA Max 50 2.8

6 Turbidity NTU HACH <5 0.138

Table 4.4: Water Quality analysis result for Irrigation water of Shangade

Weir

Sr. No Parameters UoM Methods NEQS Results

1 pH -- APHA 6.5-8.5 7.56

2 Total Dissolved

solids (TDS)

mg/L APHA <1000 307

3 Carbonate mg/L APHA -- 24

4 Sulphate mg/L AOAC 250 61.1

5 Nitrogen-Nitrates

mg/L APHA Max 50 2.3



6 Turbidity NTU HACH <5 0.124

Table 4.5: Water Quality analysis result for Drinking water of Gudar

Sr. No

Parameters UoM Methods NEQS WHO Results

1 Total Coli form

Cfu/100mL EPA 0 0/100 ml 35

2 E.coli Cfu/100mL EPA 0 0/100 ml <1

3 pH -- APHA 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 8.29

4 Total Dissolved

solids (TDS)

mg/L APHA <1000 <1000 225

5 Total Hardness as

CaCO3

mg/L APHA <500 <500 238

6 Sodium mg/L FAAS 200 200 16.8

7 Potassium mg/L FAAS 12 -- 1.2

8 Sulphate mg/L AOAC 250 0.01 17.3

9 Chloride mg/L APHA 250 250 7.27

10 Alkalinity mg/L APHA <500 -- 226

11 Color -- APHA Non-objectionable

<15 Complies

12 Odor -- APHA Non-objectionable

Not Objectionable

Complies

13 Taste -- APHA Non-objectionable

-- Complies

14 Nitrogen-Nitrates

mg/L APHA <50 50 3.0

15 TSS mg/L APHA <5 5 ND



Table 4.6: Water Quality analysis result for Drinking water of Shangade

Sr. No

Parameters UoM Methods NEQS WHO Results

1 Total Coli form

Cfu/100mL EPA 0 0/100 ml 2.2×102

2 E.Coli Cfu/100mL EPA 0 0/100 ml <1

3 pH -- APHA 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 8.02

4 Total Dissolved

solids (TDS)

mg/L APHA <1000 <1000 283

5 Total Hardness as

CaCO3

mg/L APHA <500 <500 306

6 Sodium mg/L FAAS 200 200 17.5

7 Potassium mg/L FAAS 12 -- 2.5

8 Sulphate mg/L AOAC 250 0.01 47.1

9 Chloride mg/L APHA 250 250 12.6

10 Alkalinity mg/L APHA <500 -- 254

11 Color -- APHA Non-objectionable

<15 Complies

12 Odor -- APHA Non-objectionable

Not Objectionable

Complies

13 Taste -- APHA Non-objectionable

-- Complies

14 Nitrogen-Nitrates

mg/L APHA <50 50 1.9

15 TSS mg/L APHA <5 5 ND

Biological Environment

The natural environment of the Project area has undergone severe

degradation due to intensive use of ground water resources, miss

management of watershed resources, over grazing of range lands and

uncontrolled cutting of forest trees11. The agriculture, irrigation, forest range,

11 PC-I Proforma for Fata Water Resources Development Project (FWRDP)



and forestry interventions in terms of tree plantation in the Project area will

restore the lost eco-systems.

Land use and Land Cover

The data pertaining to land use are required to understand that how much

area at present is put directly under different crops. Culturable area,

cultivated and unculturable areas are also known to see the extent of

increase in cropped area, which may be achieved with the provision of

project conditions. Similarly, culturable waste and forest, if any, are also

taken into considerations. The statistics regarding the present land use in

the study area are presented in Table 4.7.

Table 4.7: Land Use Statistics of Project Area12

Khyber Agency Area in Hectares

Total Reported Area 257676

Cultivated Area 21578

(i) Net Sown 15850

(ii) Current Fallow 5728

Cropped Area 21037

Un-Cultivated Area 236098

(i) Culturable Waste 51672

(ii) Forest 2077

(iii) Not Available for Cultivation 182349

Agriculture is limited in the region due to rocky soils, steep slopes, lack of

suitable land and limited water supply. Scanty shrub vegetation along

slopes and other areas are used as grazing and fuel wood gathering. Land

use and land cover of the sub project are depicted in figure below:

12 Source: Development Statistics of FATA (2012-13 to 2014-15)



Figure 4.5: Land use Map of Shangade



Flora

The forests being an integral part of

rural economy provide critical

ecological services. Healthy forest

cover helps water retention, control

flash floods and soil erosion,

provides a habitat for flora and

fauna and contributes to a clean

environment. Due to more

dependence of the rural population

on the available scanty forest

resource, the environmental

services provided by natural ecosystems have also diminished. The water

retention capacity of the soil has fallen; the area suffers both from flash

floods and long period of drought.

Ecologically, this area falls within the main group of Dry Subtropical Broad-

leaved Forest 13 . The sub –group is Monotheca Scrubs. Generally, the

vegetation is thorny evergreen shrubs, which are capable of developing into

small trees, even under harsh climatic conditions and social pressure (heavy

grazing /browsing).

The main tree species are, Monotheca buxifolia (Gurgura), Zizyphus

nummularia (Ber), Acacia modesta (Phulai), Olea cuspidate (wild olive),

prosopis spp (mesquite), tamarix spp (Farash) and Dodonaea viscose

(Sanatha). Some important shrubs are, Adhatoda vasica (Bahker),

Calotropis spp (ak), Rhazya spp (vena), Rumex hastatus (khatumaal),

Carrisa spp (granda) and Capparis spp (karir). The common grasses are

Heteropogon, Cymopogon, Saccharum clumps (munja). The ground

vegetation makes appearance after the spring rains in the month of January

and February. Some of the tree species, which have been planted by the

forest department and local community are, eucalyptus, bakian, mulberry,

shisham and poplar.

No endangered species have been reported in the project area by the locals.

Project area and the study area are free of forest cover. Overall natural

vegetation, including shrubs, bushes and grasses can be aptly termed as

potential rangelands which provide grazing habitat for livestock. Following

are some species of trees and shrubs found in the project area:

13 (Forest Types of Pakistan by Champion, Seth and Khattak, 1965)



Table 4.8: Common Trees Species in Project Area

Local Name Botanical Name Local Status Picture

Shisham Dalbergia sissoo Common

Karkana Zizypus Rare

Pepal Ficus religiose Rare

Safaida Eucalyptus Common

Zeeton (wild olive) Olea cuspidate Rare

Phulai Acacia modesta Common

Ber Ziziphus nummularia

Rare

Farash Tamarix spp Rare

Mesquite prosopis spp Rare



Local Name Botanical Name Local Status Picture

Sufidar (hybrid poplar)

Populus Common

Kikar Acacia nilotica Common

Toot (Mulberry) Morus Common

Arjun Terminalia arjuna Rare

Bakain (dhraik) Melia azedarach Common

Palosa Acacia Modesta Rare

Table 4.9: Common Grasses Species in the Area

Common Name Botanical Name Picture

baruwa grass (munja)

Saccharum clumps

Suryalla ghass Heteropogon contortus

lemon grass Cymbopogon



Table 4.10: Common Shrub Species in the Project Area

Local / Common Name

Botanical Name Picture

Bahker Adhatoda vasica

Ak Calotropis spp

Vena Rhazya spp

Khatumaal Rumex hastatus

Granda Carrisa spp

Karir Capparis spp

Karkanrha Zizyphus

Fauna

No baselines on wild mammals, birds and fish species are available for

FATA. No comprehensive survey has ever been conducted in the territories

by any line department or NGO. For the purpose of this IEE, a primary

survey was conducted by project environmentalist during March 2017 to

ascertain the distribution of species, and to collect evidence of any sightings

in consultation with local residents, the following animals have potential to

be in the area:



Table 4.11: Fauna of the Project Area

S No. Common Name Scientific Name 1 Mammals Jackals Canisaureus

Foxes SSP. Vulpes

Field rats Rattusnorvegitu

Hare Lepusnigricollis

Porcupine Hystrixindica

Hedge Hog Erinaceinae

Wild cat Felis chaos

2 Reptiles Cobra snake Najanaja

Rat eating snake Colubrinae

House gecko Hemidactylus frenatus

3 Amphibians Common Toads Bufo bufo

4 Others Scorpions Scorpiones

Spiders Araneae

Avifauna

Avifauna of the area is highly diversified and colorful, which is widely

dispersed in gardens, cultivated fields, streams and hill slopes. Common

species are given in Table 4.12.

Table 4.12: Avifauna of the Project Area

Common Name Scientific Name

Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax

Long Legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus

Sparrow Hawk Accipiter nisus

Rose Finch Carpodacus

Indian Blue Robin Luscinia brunnea

Red Headed Bunting Emberiza bruniceps

Crested Bunting Melophus lathami

Grey Tit Melaniparus afer

Red Crowned Eurasian Grus japonensis

Blue Throated Fly Catcher Cyornis rubeculoides



White Throated Dipper Cinclus cinclus

Green Warbler Phylloscopus nitidus

Himalayan Tree Creeper Certhia himalayana

Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis

Rosy Pastor Pastor roseus

Common Babbler Turdoides caudata

Rufous Backed Shrike Lanius schach

Hoopoe Upupa

Red Vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer

White Cheeked Bulbul Pycnonotus leucotis

Grey Partridge Perdix perdix

See See Partridge Ammoperdix griseogularis

Grey Lag Goose Anser anser

Wigeon Mareca

Pintail Anas acuta

Mallard Anas platyrhynchos

Grey Heron Ardea cinerea

Black Winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus

Great Egret Ardea alba

Flamingo Phoenicopterus

Sand Plover Charadrius mongolus

Curlew Numenius

Red-Wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus



Crested Lapwing Vanellus vanellus

Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius

Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava

Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax

Little Egret Egretta garzetta

White Breasted King Fisher Halcyon smyrnensis

The hotspots for these birds and waterfowls are irrigation dams, khwars and

river beds and banks.

No threatened or endangered species were observed in the subproject area,

as per IUCN red list classification of 2017.

Protected areas / National sanctuaries

As stated earlier, there are no wildlife or forest laws enacted for FATA.

However, more recently, Governor KP has issued a notification, declaring

all wetlands in FATA as Community Game Reserves. Hunting shall only be

allowed with joint agreement of local communities and political authorities.

But it is far away from the project site. Moreover, a separate notification has

also been issued declaring trade in body parts (pelt, skin, stuffed bodies,

trophies, etc.) of all wild fauna including migratory birds as illegal. Both of

these are attached as Annex II. There are 03 wetlands, as per Governor`s

notification, which are about far away from the site. The nearest wetland

Warsak Dam is at distance of approximately 20 Km.

Socio-Economic Environment

Khyber Agency is the most famous agency amongst seven others in the

Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA). Khyber Agency derives its

name from the famous Khyber Pass, which has served as a historical trade

route, connecting the Asian sub-continent with the rest of Central Asia, via

Afghanistan. Because of its geographical location, the agency has a history

dating back thousands of years. The Khyber Pass has been used by the

Aryans in 1600 B.C., the Persians in 600 B.C., Alexander in 326 B.C. and

subsequently, by Changez Khan, Taimurlang, the Mehmood of Ghazni and

the Mughals.

Khyber Agency is bordered with Afghanistan, Peshawar city and the Kurram

and Orakzai agencies. The total area of the agency is 2,576 square

kilometers, with 8.22% of the total area of the agency being forest. The



Khyber Agency consists of three tehsils; Bara, Landi Kotel and Jamrud.

Khyber Agency has a barren and rugged mountainous terrain. It consists

mostly of hilly tracks and mountains, with narrow strips of valleys. It is the

meeting place of a series of ranges, such as the Koh-e-Safaid, an off-shoot

of the mighty Hindukush Mountains. Lacha Ghar, Karagah Ghar, Surghar,

Tor Ghar, Morgah and Kalauch; are some of the mountains located in the

agency.



Figure 4.6: Map of Khyber Agency



Administrative Set Up

Under the Constitution, FATA is included among the territories of Pakistan

(Article 1). It is administered by Governor of the KPK in his capacity as an

agent to the President of Pakistan, under the overall supervision of the

Ministry of States and Frontier Regions in Islamabad. The KPK Governor

Secretariat plays a coordinating role for interaction between the federal and

provincial governments and the Civil Secretariat FATA.

Khyber Agency, like each tribal agency is administered by a political agent,

assisted by a number of assistant political agents, tehsildars (administrative

head of a tehsil) and naib tehsildars (deputy tehsildar), as well as members

from various local police (Khassadars) and security forces (levies, scouts).

As part of his administrative functions, the political agent oversees the

working of line departments and service providers. He is responsible for

handling inter-tribal disputes over boundaries or the use of natural

resources, and for regulating the trade in natural resources with other

agencies or the settled areas.

The political agent plays a supervisory role for development projects and

chairs an agency development sub-committee, comprising various

government officials, to recommend proposals and approve development

projects. He also serves as project coordinator for rural development

schemes.

The Political Agent is the over all in charge for the agency administration,

assisted by Assistant Political Agents. Tehsils in the agency are under the

charge of three Political Tehsildars and Political Naib Tehsildars.

Demographic Profile

FATA has a unique governance status, whereby all land is owned by tribes

inhabiting the areas since generations. Any physical activity hence carried

out needs the agreement of the locals, as well as land donation by them.

Since it is an egalitarian society, chances of elite capture are minimum and

major decisions are taken by Jirga, the tribal administrative and

management body.

The Malik (chief/elder) serves as an intermediary between the tribe and the

political administration, in exchange for a regular allowance with which to

meet social and leadership obligations. The more weapons at a Malik’s

disposal and the more men he can command to bear arms when needed,

the greater is his stature within the tribe. The jirga plays an important part in

tribal society as a traditional mechanism for conflict resolution.

Tribal people are accustomed to managing their own resources and solving

disputes without outside intervention. They act collectively to assist others



in the group and help fulfill social obligations. Marriages and deaths, for

example, draw support from all members of the tribe, as do everyday

activities such as harvesting and threshing, laying and clearing irrigation

channels, carrying out flood protection, maintaining paths, cutting grass, and

constructing hujras (meeting places), mosques or other buildings.

Due to absence of a strong government and security network in the area

and its rough, mountainous terrain, the area became a hotbed of the

insurgents and over 90 percent of the agency came under their control in

2007. After 2007, the militants began attacking government and military

establishments in KPK province killing many people and wounding many

more. The Pakistan Army began an operation in 2008 to clear the agency of

militants and restore normal life in the area. The Operation continued for

years and resulted in killing of hundreds of TTP militants and Pakistan Army

soldiers. The Local Aman Lashkars or Peace committees supported the

army by fighting the foreign terrorists. By July 2012, a major part of the

agency was cleared but military operation continued in Bara Tehsil of the

agency. The subproject site is situated in northwest of Jamrud tehsil having

a population of approximately 3558 persons, and 391 households. Afridis

are the main tribe of the project area and are further sub divided into Koki

Khel sub tribe.

Population

The population of the agency, according to the 2017 census is 986,973

persons, out of which 51% are males and 49% are female. Average

household size is around 8.84 persons per family with an average annual

growth rate of 3.15.

Table 4.14: Population Details of Khyber Agency14

Households Population 2017

Male Female Sex Ratio

Population 1998

1998-2017 Average Annual Growth Rate

111,558 986,973 505,475 481,487 104.98 546,730 3.15

14http://www.pbscensus.gov.pk/sites/default/files/DISTRICT_WISE_CENSUS_RESULTS_CEN

SUS_2017.pdf



Family Size

The average household consists of 9 individuals. The male and female ratio

is 105 males to 100 females15.

Dwelling

Mostly the houses are made of mud throughout the agency. The houses are

called Qila that is fortresses, which encompasses a number of houses

inside. A house generally consists of two or three rooms with a verandah in

the rear and front. Joint family system is in vogue in the agency. Every

cluster of houses has a common sitting place called Hujra where the male

members daily meet, discuss and share views on variety of local, national

and inter-national issues with each other’s. It is a common place and is also

used as a guest room. The young spend winter nights in Hujra and arrange

for themselves music programs or food dishes as a pass time activity. It is

an important part of Pakhtoon culture, which is unfortunately changing with

the modern times as people have begun to prefer using personal guest-

room.

According to the population census report, majority of the houses (91%) of

the study area have ordinary construction (Katcha structure) with timber roof

and mud mortar, whereas moderate standard buildings with cement

masonry (pacca structure) and dry stone masonry (semi-pacca structure)

are 2% and 7% respectively.

Language

Pashto is the main language of the area, with a softer form spoken in the

north and a harder dialect in the south.

The Family System

Majority households are compound type where one or extended families16

are living. Both Joint and nuclear family systems17 exist in the compounds.

The area of the house and number of persons living in a house is irrelevant

in the context of tribal society. The household data shows that a middle-

sized compound is housed with 25 persons as one extended family. Another

same sized compound is housed with 3 small sized families. The

construction material used for the compound is an indicator of economic

status of the occupants.

Men are the dominant force in the household, with final say in the affairs of

all members of the family. Women, by comparison, play a subservient role

15 FRDP Inception Report, Important Agency/FR wise Socioeconomic Indicators of FATA 2012

16 a family which extends beyond the nuclear family to include grandparents and other relatives. 17 A nuclear family, elementary family or conjugal family is a family group consisting of two parents and their children (one or more).



and observe strict purdah (veiling). Although divorces or separations are

extremely rare in tribal households, a husband is free to take on additional

wives.

Livestock

Livestock not only provides milk, meat, eggs for daily human consumption

but also provides hides/skins and wool/hair and bones/blood for industrial

products and manure /urine for soil fertilization. Livestock is also a source of

rural transport and draft power in Agricultural farming and provides an easy

source of income to majority of the rural population.

The FATA, being mostly dry hilly terrain, has little land for crops production

whereas sizeable land is available for grazing. The land-less and small

holders (more than 85% of farmers) are mostly dependent on Livestock

production. Livestock provides employment to 50% of the population either

directly or indirectly. About 80% of the income of trans-hum ant families

accrues from Livestock.

There is a good enough network of Veterinary Institutions in FATA

established since years, providing Veterinary services to the poor Livestock

Farmers; but due to meager amount of operational funds, lack of access to

appropriate know how the SDS is not up to the required level.

Conflicts Resolution Mechanism

FATA region is traditionally based on the principle of close association by

tribe or kinship. The people of FATA have long been accustomed to

witnessing violent conflict between the members of different tribes and

clans. Inter- or intra-tribe conflict may range from minor family disputes that

create tensions and uncertainty to full-blown armed clashes that result in

irreparable losses. While for many generations the people have managed to

build their lives in this climate of instability, today there is growing awareness

that internecine conflict of this sort is a waste of resources and a major

obstacle in the way of development.

The tribal elder (Malik) often serve as an intermediary between people and

the local administrative structures for identifying the priorities. The tribal

council of elders (Jirga) is the main mechanism for decision making on

behalf of the local population and is also considered the key entity for conflict

resolution and providing judgment for punitive actions. The Jirga is

essentially the only mechanism for out-of-court settlements over enmities

that span generations. The tribe’s identity in FATA is the key to how local

communities exercise their right to and ownership of natural resources and

other assets. The tribal identity as depicted through the Malik and Jirga is

therefore essential for access and use of resources and is often seen as the



only safety net available to poorer segments of the population. This intricate

community system has survived for centuries with adequate legitimacy by

the political administration as well as acceptance by local communities as it

continues to exert its influence on communal life. In more recent times, some

development projects 18 working in the tribal agencies have invested in

forming local community based groups and indigenous organizations that

have cooperated with the local Jirga as well as the political administration

for implementing their programs.

Religious Beliefs

A primary survey was conducted as part of the Social Feasibility Study

carried out under the PPTA. All the respondents of the Social Assessment

Primary Survey, reported to be Muslim. People generally have conservative

outlook on life and are particular in observance of religious ceremonies.

Majority of the respondents normally offers prayers and keep fasts during

the month of Ramzan. Religious extremism was in full swing for last few

years, but the situation is relatively better now. Majority of the population

belong to Sunni sect of Islam. They believe in Hanafi interpretation of

Shariah. Majority has a religious disposition and practice Islam according to

its fundamental principles. Inheritance is divided according to the Islamic

principles and daughters are given their property right accordingly.

Water Supply and Sanitation

Springs, streams, rivers and perennial watercourses serve as the primary

source of water for drinking and domestic use. In mountainous areas, where

natural surface and ground sources are not available, people rely on rain-

water ponds. In the plains where surface water is scarce, shallow wells allow

the people to meet their basic requirements. A combination of factors,

including the large-scale movement of displaced persons from neighboring

Afghanistan, has adversely affected forest reserves which are critical for

watershed protection. The depletion of forest resources has reduced the

water retention capacity of the soil, while ecological and climatic conditions

have led to the low recharge of groundwater sources. As a result, many

springs, streams and perennial watercourses have dried up, forcing people

to turn to deep groundwater sources. Official records for 2014–15 show that

60.0419 per cent of the population is covered by water supply schemes,

mainly through community tanks and taps. Just 27 per cent of supply through

these schemes consists of individual residential connections. Some 85 per

18 For example the ADB supported the FATA Rural Development Project in Khyber, Bajaur and

Mohmand agencies that implemented the project interventions through Community Organizations for delivering services including drinking water supply schemes; irrigation and small dams; natural resource management e.g. raising forest nurseries; etc.

19 Source: Important Agency/FR wise Socio-Economic Indicators of FATA 2016 FATA Secretariat



cent of public-sector schemes rely on groundwater, while the remaining use

surface sources20. The majority of groundwater schemes consist of tube

wells, while dug wells and infiltration galleries using electric or diesel pumps

are few in number. The normal water table in most parts of FATA is between

91.44 and 152.4 meters. Surface schemes are gravity-based, using slopes

and gradients to carry water to distribution points. Sources developed by the

works and services department are analyzed for physical and chemical

properties alone, and these results show that the water is fit for human

consumption.

Traditionally, settlements in the tribal areas have always been widely

dispersed. For reasons of security, meanwhile, communities have generally

preferred to build their houses on mounds and hill-tops. In such areas, the

drainage of rainwater and domestic wastewater was never a problem.

Perhaps as a result, most communities failed to pay much attention to

sanitation infrastructure. But as the population has grown and settlements

have expanded, this arrangement is no longer safe or practicable.

The physical growth of settlements without any provision for basic sanitation

is degrading the living environment and polluting water sources. Commerce,

trade and business activities, and related services, add to the congestion.

Today, the lack of adequate sanitation infrastructure poses a serious health

hazard. Children, women and the elderly are particularly vulnerable.

Recent figures on sanitation coverage in FATA are not available. Results

from the 1998 housing census show that 36.86 per cent of houses have

“separate” latrines, 6.99 per cent have access to shared latrines and 56.15

per cent have no latrines. No details about the type of latrine (flush or pit)

are given in the census report, making it difficult to assess what percentage

of the population has access to hygienic sanitation facilities. Overall, it

appears that just 10 per cent of the population has access to adequate

sanitation in the form of toilets, sewerage, drainage and solid waste

disposal.

Poverty

The FATA region has historically remained amongst the poorest parts of

Pakistan. There are serious disparities in service provision as compared to

the rest of the country. The absence of visible progress and the perceived

lack of interest by both sub-national and federal governments in redressing

the disparities have consequently deteriorated citizens’ trust in the ability of

government institutions to meet the basic needs of the population. The

general lack of basic services and weak institutional capacity to provide

20 Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA); Rural Livelihood and Community Infrastructure

Project, FATA Secretariat.



these have been recognized as drivers of crisis creating conducive

environment for opportunistic militant groups whose economic incentives for

potential recruits greatly outweighed the alternatives available to the people

for their livelihoods.

The militancy crisis in KP and FATA is a key contributor to stagnant growth

and high unemployment. The ranks of the unemployed have risen with the

intensification of the crisis in 2009/10, and even are likely to continue rising.

These conditions have created a conducive environment for opportunistic

militant groups whose economic incentives for potential recruits greatly

outweigh alternative available options. Many are dependent on the black

economy, drug trafficking and criminal activity for survival.

Official statistics on rural income and poverty in the area are quite weak.

Factors underlying the region's poverty include (i) historical, political, and

social isolation; (ii) a legal system reliant on executive and judicial authority

administered through civil servants preferring to maintain the status quo; (iii)

poor quality and coverage of institutions responsible for the provision of

basic services; (iv) social practices that preclude women’s participation in

economic life; and (v) lack of effective institutions for skill training to enable

the labor force to shift from low to high-productivity sectors.

Poverty has to some extent made the population vulnerable to extremist

tendencies and criminality. In the absence of viable options to earn a living,

the lure of illicit activities such as smuggling (consumer goods, weapons)

and drug trafficking is as difficult to resist as the call of extremist elements.

Health facilities

Health indicators for Agency are

incomplete and, in many cases,

only estimates are available.

These highlight the poor state of

the health care system. Health

facilities in project area are

adequate. District Headquarter

Hospital (Landikotal) and Type-D

hospital (Jamrud) are main

hospitals. Other than that, there

are a number of private doctors

and Hakeems present in the area.

Access to health services is severely limited, with just one dispensary, Basic

Health Units (BHU) or Rural Health Centre (RHCs) reported in the year 2004

for every 50 square kilometers of area, and these facilities concentrated near

the settled areas.



Social Organization

Society is structured on kinship basis in the Project area. Most of the

decisions are made at the household level. The rich and influential people

are accepted as community leaders, especially in collective welfare and

development of the area. Also, the traditional leader in the village is the

“Malik”, the elder who commands respect in the community.

Agriculture

The FATA region is a predominantly agrarian economy, with livelihoods

predicated on agriculture and livestock. While agriculture is a profitable

activity with good income potential, particularly from horticulture (fruit and

vegetables), given the limited water availability, agriculture is practiced in

just a few valleys. The rural economy remains mainly pastoral, with low

quality rangelands providing more than 70 percent of the total fodder and

forage requirement. Yields are substantially lower than national averages

and dependent on rainfall. The project area is dominated by small farmers

with less than 5 acres (approximately 2 ha) of land and a few livestock. Many

of these households experience food deficits and rely on remittances to

meet their needs.

Only 7 per cent of the total geographic area of FATA is cultivated, with

another one percent recorded as fallow, accounting for roughly half of all

potentially cultivable land. A little over 40 percent of the cultivated area in

FATA is irrigated, while the remaining farmland relies exclusively on rainfall.

In irrigated areas, water is provided through a combination of delivery

systems, including tube wells, dug wells, lift pumps and traditional communal

canals.

The total cultivated area of FATA is about 20,075 hectares, whilst

uncultivated land is 237,579 hectares, with 2070 hectares as forest area.

The total cropped area is 19,365 hectares21.

Education

The people in the agency are not widely educated. They migrate to down

districts in search of jobs or any other labour. Government services are a

cherished source of livelihood for many. Agricultural farming, small scale

business and working on daily wages basis are also major providers of job

and sources employment in the agency. About 24.4% of the employed

population which is predominantly male works as migrant workers in Gulf

countries while just less than 30% of the population is reported as employed

in other provinces of Pakistan.22

21 Source: FATA Development Statistics, 2012 22 MICS 2007, FATA Secretariat



Food

Simplicity is the haul-mark of the food of the people of the Area. Rice is a

staple dish especially for dinners. Maize bread with local vegetable Saag

and Lassi is offered to guest as a seasonal specialty in summer.

Dress and Ornaments

People wear the traditional Pakhtoon dress of Shalwar Kameez and head-

wear. Generally, the people wear handmade Dir caps while notables wear

Pugri and Kula, but this tradition is gradually fading out. Women folk wear

Shalwar Kameez and Chadder/veil and for Purdah they use Burkas (veil).

Historically, and particularly during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

beginning in 1979, the region was a major center for opium production and

trafficking. Today, the transit trade with Afghanistan is a major source of

employment for the local population. The economy operates on an informal

basis and is undocumented, since few laws providing for the regulation of

economic activity have been extended to the tribal areas.

Mining

Extensive deposits of marble are found at several places in Khyber Agency.

The marble is associated with the calcareous rocks in the Mullagori area.

The marble is processed in different green and block colours. The marble is

processed in different marble factories in KP, and in other parts of the

country.

Roads

According ESA-FATA Secretariat, total coverage extends to 3,390

kilometers of blacktop and another 2,000 kilometers of shingle roads in the

year 2006. Land acquisition laws in force in the rest of the country do not

apply to FATA. If a proposed road or bridge is to pass through qaumi (tribal)

land, a ‘tribal commission’ amounting to 6.2523 per cent of the total project

cost is handed over to the political agent, to be distributed among local clans

and tribes according to ownership. Where roads or bridges are to pass

through private land, the political administration meets with the local malik

and a settlement is reached through jirga negotiations.

Telephone Facilities

Landline telephone facilities and Cellular networks are available in the area.

23 Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA); Rural Livelihood and Community Infrastructure

Project, FATA Secretariat



Sites of Historical Significance

Bab-E-Khyber, Jamrud fort, Shagai Fort, Alimasjid Fort and shapola stupa

etc are few historical places.

No sites have been reported around the SWPS site of any cultural and

historical significance.

Gender Issues

Tribal society is dominated by men. Cultural tradition, social practices and

low female literacy have left women in a vulnerable position. They are for

the most part restricted to performing household work, and are excluded

from decision-making both on the domestic front and at the community level.

Women’s access to education and health care is limited because such

services are not available close to home.

The male domination in total population is consistent. Although the women

about ½ of the population but they are not visible in public life of the villages

due to strict purdah/veil system. The FGDs confirmed that women’s role in

the tribal system is limited to unpaid housekeeping and very small-scale

productive activities at household level and they are not involved in any

economic activity

Women in the area play a dominant role in running the household, rearing

and guiding children, managing household finances, and providing much of

the labor for agriculture and animal husbandry. They do not normally have

a public role, particularly in interactions with the broader society.



PROJECT ALTERNATIVES

No Project Option

Project alternatives have been considered with consideration of their ability to

match immediate demand and then keep pace with emerging demand while

ensuring capture of available yield in the stream. With an increased

awareness of the scarcity of water as a resource, short-term supplies may be

achieved through demand management strategies water use efficiency,

combined with research and development programs that reduce

consumption.

Agricultural demand has the potential to be met through the take up of

currently unutilized, or under-utilized, water resources.

Groundwater supply within the area is limited to primarily stock and domestic

purposes and supplies to small towns and is not considered to be a feasible

alternative supply to the Project

Inability to support the Project increases inherent risk of supply from a single

source. The primary objective of the Project is to increase the agricultural

production. The ‘no project’ option has the potential to inhibit to increase the

crop production. Limiting agricultural production in particular has the potential

to adversely impact on the area economy with large scale agricultural

development potentially seeking alternative locations interstate due to this

water supply constraint. With the implementation of project with the Increase

in agricultural yields and production, the additional generating benefits are:

• Additional revenues directly from the project output.

• Crop diversification. The introduction of irrigation enables farmers to

diversify their crops based on local markets demand and export.

• Employment opportunities: during the construction phase there will be

improved employment opportunities for local people and new comers.

• The project will provide water for cultivation of crop, irrigated fodder

development, domestic purpose, livestock etc.

• Food security further improved. In this case, the proposed small scale

diversion weir irrigation will have a paramount importance in further

improving the overall living conditions of the people residing in and

around the project environment and will plays its own role in alleviating

food shortage.

• Improved forage varieties provided and increase

• Animal productivity and production.

• Increase the opportunities to nursery site



• establishment, and forest seedling production and

• Forest tree plantation.

Water availability is scarce in area hence the proposed project will contribute

positively to the project area. The no project option is not viable option.

Project Siting Alternatives

Technically there is no other source of water or place diverting water for

irrigation purposes. Location of the weirs have been fixed, by considering the

natural conditions, the project purpose, command area and construction

difficulties including topography and geology. The detailed considerations for

the selection of weir site are as follows.

• Suitability of the Weir structure type

• Geological and Topographic conditions

• Technically most suitable sites to command the irrigable area

• Minimum Environmental Degradation

Technological Alternatives

A conventional weir at proposed locations may be adopted for diversion of

design discharge. However, it needs sediment removal arrangement

deposited at upstream, which necessitates the flushing arrangements by

means of providing Bottom outlets or undersluice section.

A Tyrolean is a low level portion of the main weir accommodating embedded

channel in its body with trash rack on it in the desired length as per required

discharge to be diverted. Bars of the rack are laid parallel and inclined in the

direction of flow. The water, which flows over the rack, is collected in the

embedded channel to the limit of its capacity. The embedded channel

provided in weir has sufficient slope which will convey the sediments laden

discharge to the end where a gravel flushing opening is provided facing

downstream, that laterally flushes into stilling basin. Coarse sand and pebbles

would settle at the end of embedded channel and comparatively clean water

would be delivered to irrigation conveyance system. A Tyrolean weir is the

most appropriate diversion arrangement on such streams.

The weirs will divert perennial flows of springs to irrigate the command area

at downstream. For this purpose, Tyrolean type weirs are proposed in which

water is taken into a lateral channel connecting to Tyrolean part of the weir. It

is generally preferred in order to divert water in mountainous regions with

steep slopes where bed sediment concentration is rather high. To release the

Lashora khwar floods an overflow section is provided which will safely route

such excess flows downstream of the weir.



ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION

MEASURES

Impact Assessment - Overview

The Environment Assessment study has disclosed that the project is not

likely to have any severe negative impacts on the environment and people

of the area. All the potential impacts which have been identified during the

present assessment are associated with the construction stage, and minor

to moderate in severity; and can easily be avoided (through good design and

construction planning) or mitigated (through proper implementation of the

EMP). On the other hand, the project will be beneficial particularly for the

local population on creation of job opportunities and extremely beneficial for

irrigation. Significant social indicators of the project benefits are mentioned

below:

Construction of irrigation system in virgin lands tends to change water and

land use patterns that might have potential of severe, long term permanent

impacts (positive) on the environmental settings of that area.

Construction activities in general could lead to interference with local

community life.

Most beneficial impacts associated with the improved canal condition,

management and efficient and equitable water distribution are of long-term

in nature.

After completion of the construction works, the improved canal water

supplies will contribute to increased cropping intensity resulting into

increased use of agricultural inputs like fertilizers and pesticides which may

cause limited adverse impacts and need to be addressed.

The improved water supplies will boost the agriculture and improve the living

standard of the community in the project area.

The project will also help to regulate the groundwater abstraction to

neutralize the lowering trend.

The project will also provide unskilled jobs during the construction phase

and a limited number of jobs in operations. This will be a bonus for the

people of the area, many of who are used to having to travel down country

for employment.

Impact Area

The project impact areas mainly involve weir and construction areas. The

vegetation cover of the catchment is poor. The weir sites are however

located in and around shrub lands, hence no felling of trees is involved.



Figure 5.1 Impact Area



Table 5.1 considers the potential impacts at various stages of the project,

and assesses the category of the impact, classifying them as negligent,

moderate or high. Each category is defined as under:

Negligible: No or minimum impact

Moderate: Potential impact but can be mitigated (Site Specific)

High: significant adverse environmental impacts those are irreversible,

diverse, or unprecedented

The section further goes on to explain the table, by describing those impacts

that have moderate to high impact, but can be mitigated.

Table 5.1 Screening of Environmental Impacts; Construction and Operation

Stages

Potential Environmental Impacts Project Stage Impact Categorization (N=Negligible, M=Moderate, H=High)

1. Land resources

1.1 Excavation Construction M

1.2 Blasting Construction M

1.3 Waste generation and disposal Construction N

1.4 Labor camps, storage, approach roads

Construction M

1.5 Soil pollution due to fuel and oil spillage (related to construction machinery)

Construction M

1.6 Agriculture land damage Construction N

1.7 Earth Borrow Site Construction M

1.8 Installation of cement mixing plants Construction N

1.9 changes in Soil Characteristics due to labour camps, and machinery yards

Construction N

1.10 Leaching of soil nutrients and changes in soil characteristics

Operation N

1.11 Soil pollution due to excessive application of fertilizers and pesticides

Operation M

1.12 Construction Material Leftover Construction & Operation

N

2. Hydrology and Water Resources

2.1 Contamination of surface water due to washing (machinery and other related materials)

Construction M

2.2 Drinking water supply Construction M

2.3 Municipal waste disposed into the stream

Construction M

2.4 Water quality & sedimentation load Operation M

2.7 Excessive use of irrigation water for cultivating high delta crops

Operation M

2.8 Contamination of water due to farm runoff

Operation N

3. Air Quality and Noise Pollution

3.1 Dust and smoke and other pollutants from plants and equipment

Construction M



3.2 Smoke from burning of waste or firewood

Construction M

3.3 Noise control from use of old and/or outdated machinery

Construction M

3.4 Dust Emission from Stone quarrying and transportation

Construction M

4. Biological Resources

4.1 Damage to flora and fauna Construction N

4.2 Habitat fragmentation Operation N

4.3 Aquatic Life Construction and Operation

N

5. Socioeconomic and Cultural Issues

5.1 Tribal tensions and rivalries All stages M

5.2 Impact on civic infrastructure (education, health, roads, water supply, electricity)

Construction N

5.3 Community safety risks due to both accidental and natural hazards

Construction and Operation

M

5.4 Health and safety of labor and employees at construction site

Construction H

5.5 Aesthetic/scenic value Operation N 5.6 Employment of alien labor Construction N

Negligible: No or minimum impact, Moderate: Potential impact but can be

mitigated, (Site specific) High: significant adverse environmental impacts that

are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented

Construction Stage Impacts

Impacts on Land Resources

Excavation and Blasting

Being located in a hilly terrain, the weirs will require excavation for alignment

of abutments and land leveling. The quantity of excavated material at

Shangade weirs is 1860.98 m3. Such physical work has the propensity to

alter the landscape, due to cutting of trees and/or leveling mounds and hills,

and also create dust pollution. In case of Shangade weirs, the sites do not

have extensive vegetation in terms of trees.

Any excavation work during the construction activities, whether permanent

or temporary, may lead to loss of soil. Erosion of soil can also occur from

removal of vegetation cover, runoff from unprotected excavated areas, etc.

Excavations on slopes would also decrease its stability. It is expected that

minor level of short term risk is associated with the type of construction

activities that are likely to take place. The current land formation is fairly

stable sandstone therefore no major impact is associated with regards to

slope stability. The duration of the risk is expected to be short and the spatial

scale of risk is small because the excavation effects are not likely to affect

areas further than 200 meters from the Project facilities.



Mitigation

Vegetation loss will be avoided as much as possible and limited to

demarcated construction area. Slope stabilization measures will be adopted

such as adequate vertical and horizontal drains, cross drainage etc. Slope

movements will be monitored around excavation work areas. Top six inches

soil should be protected before excavation and should be placed back after

completion of construction work. Excavated material shall preferably reused.

Non reusable excavated material shall be safely dumped and leveled in

barren land.

Blasting may be done where it is absolutely necessary, use safety measures

in handling explosives, prepare blasting schedules along with warning

sirens, blasting mats and ensure minimum damage to the landscape, any

damage to settlements is not anticipated as nearest settlement is at the

distance of 500 m approx. at a higher elevation where no damage is

anticipated

Waste Generation and Disposal

During the construction phase, most of the waste generated will be related

to construction. Construction waste will involve debris due to cutting of

stones and blasting, residual RCC material and other associated waste.

Mitigation

To minimize environmental impacts and avoid any need for disposal of

earthwork materials or the importation and unnecessary storage of earth,

the project will maximize the reuse of excavated materials. All of the

construction activity will be contained inside construction area. Solid waste

generation should be reduced and should be reused and recycled. Any

residual spoil will have to be disposed in environment friendly manner,

where it will be leveled and landscaped.

To be made contractor’s obligation through contract document, as an

SSEMP will be prepared by the contractor and waste management plan will

be a part of it. This is a medium negative impact but can be mitigated.

Labour camps, storage and approach roads

Because of availability of ample community owned barren land, location,

material yards, equipment yards and approach roads will not cause any

serious problem. Therefore, this is a matter of moderate significance and

can be easily mitigated and managed through proper mitigation measure.

Mitigation

The contractor will, in consultation with RE, resolve the exact location of all

these facilities within the barren land owned by the local community that will



be provided by the community temporarily and free of cost. The location of

these facilities will be at least 500 m away, from the community.

Soil pollution due to fuel and oil spillage from construction

machinery

At places, it may be inevitable. In case it is allowed to be as per rule rather

than an exception, the dumping of oil will permanently create contamination

along with allied physical, biological and social losses. This can be mitigated

through effective application of the maximum spill regulations.

“Guidelines for Oil Spill Waste Minimization and Management issued by

International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association24

are as follows: -

Soil contaminated by minor spills/ leakages (defined as leaks from

vehicles, machinery, equipment or storage containers such that the area and

depth of contaminated soil is less than 0.92903 sq. meter and 0.0762 meter

respectively) is to be scraped and disposed of accordingly in

environmentally friendly manner to ensure protection of water sources.

Moderate spills defined as spills of volume less than or equal to 200 liters

is to be contained and controlled using shovels, sands and native soil. These

equipment’s and materials are to be made available at camp sites during the

operation. The contaminated soil is to be excavated and stored in a burn

area lined with an impermeable base. Depending on the volume, the

contaminated soil is either disposed-off through by specialized treatment

such as bioremediation or through approved contractor.

Major spills (defined as spills of volume much greater than 200 liters)

require initiation of Emergency Response Procedures and Oil Spill

Contingency Plan. These spills are to be handled and controlled according

to the Plan and require special treatment such as bioremediation and

through approved contractors.

Mitigation

Strict rules will be imposed on workers and labors to ensure that no such

spills are caused. If the spills take place, it must be followed by treatment

prescribed above as per the degree of spill. Specific mitigation measures to

be part of Contractors site specific environmental management plan are:

• Spill prevention trays will be provided and used at refueling locations

• On-site maintenance of construction vehicles and equipment will be

avoided, as far as possible.

24 http://www.ipieca.org/resources/good-practice/oil-spill-waste-minimization-and-management/



• Regular inspections will be carried out to detect leakages in

construction vehicles and equipment.

• Fuels and lubricants will be stored in covered and dyked areas,

underlain with impervious lining.

• Spill control kit (shovels, plastic bags and absorbent materials) will be

available near fuel and oil storage areas.

• Contaminated soil will be removed from the site and disposed in a

manner to ensure protection of water sources

• Emergency plan for spill management will be prepared and inducted to

the staff for any incident of spill.

• The bottom of any soak pit or septic tank will be constructed at least

100 meters away from springs and water bores

• Record of spills and Volume of removed contaminated soil will be

maintained.

• Record of remedial measures taken will be maintained.

• Use silt traps to prevent contamination of river and streams.

Agriculture Land Damage

Land leveling, construction of access road, excavation and construction of

channels may cause damage to agricultural land. In case of this sub project

there will be no agricultural land damage as cultivated area is away from the

project site.

Mitigation

Contractor’s obligation not to cause such damage. If such damage occurs

to crops and agricultural land compensation will be paid to the affected

person, top six inches soil will be protected and land will be restored to its

previous condition after completion of construction works.

Impact of taking borrow material from earth borrow site

There is likelihood for obtaining the earth fill material. Excavation and cutting

activities could cause adverse environmental impacts including sliding, soil

erosion and drainage on the surrounding areas.

Mitigation

No private land will be acquired for the borrow areas.

The Contractor will ensure that selected borrow areas on irrigation land are

clearly demarcated and approved by the engineer including the allowed depth

of the excavation before starting excavation.



The borrow areas will be leveled. The Contractor will not leave the borrow pits

in such a condition that they are unsuitably filled with rain water and cause the

problem for the community.

If the borrow area is near to the settlements, then it should be fenced

completely.

If agriculture land needs to be used as borrowing area, then the Contractor

will adopt the following methods during the digging process.

o Fix the location of excavation.

o Remove thirty centimeters of the top soil and keep it on reserved site

for re-spreading in the field.

o Excavate up to one meter depth.

o Maintain the slope as far as possible.

o Place the top soil back during the restoration process.

o Pay compensation for any damages/ crop losses.

Changes in soil characteristics due to labour camps, and

machinery yards

The mechanical activity normally compacts the soil and turns it

nonproductive which leads to the social impact and is manageable.

Mitigation

Contractors before handing the site back will apply such measures as to

mitigate the impact of compaction and leave the site almost in the same

state in which it was occupied. Pictures of the area should be taken before

handing it over to contactor which will help the RE to ensure an acceptable

state of soil while getting the area back from the contractor.

Impacts on Hydrology and Water Resources

Contamination of surface water due to washing

There is a tendency to wash construction machinery and equipment using

the stream water, eventually draining the same into the stream.

Contaminants like motor oil, diesel and other such materials pollute the

water body in the short run, causing harm to aquatic life, and affecting the

overall water quality.

Mitigation

Contractor will demarcate a washing area for all sorts of washing activities,

with running water facility connected to a dedicated drain flowing into the

septic tanks. There would be restriction on servicing/ washing of vehicles

and equipment at site.



Drinking water supply

Since the site and adjacent area is away from settlements, there is no

connection available to a water supply scheme. There are springs in the

catchment of the weir, but they can be far off. Stream water will need to be

tested and used for drinking purposes.

Mitigation

Contractor, under the guidance of Environment Specialist, will get stream

water tested for chemical and biological contaminants, and assist in

providing filtration to make water drinkable. There are numerous cost-

effective water treatment models available in order to mitigate chemical

and/or biological contamination. Sand filtration, UV treatment and oxidation

are a few such methods.

Municipal waste disposed into the stream

Municipal waste generated due to human activity is a concern if it is disposed

and drained into the stream.

Mitigation

Solid waste bins will be placed at labor eating and resting areas. Latrines

and washing areas with septic tanks will be erected by the contractor at the

construction site. Rubbishes from the project construction area and office

area shall be classified and collected and then treated by burial in a

centralized manner. The landfill site will be arranged by mainly considering

the natural gully and shall be closed after completing the construction. The

landfill site area shall be equipped with seepage control system, leachate

drainage system, gas conduction system, peripheral water drainage and

interception, flood drainage and leachate collection processing facilities, etc.

All these provisions will be incorporated in site specific EMP for construction.

Water quality and sedimentation load

The soil texture at the sub project area is of medium quality with medium

organic load. Due to the sand formation upstream, there is a likelihood of

sedimentation load filling up the weir.

Mitigation

Quarterly water sampling and testing will be conducted in order to ascertain

water quality during different seasons. A sample each at two locations, one

upstream and another downstream of the weir, will be drawn for testing.



Impact on Air Quality and Noise Pollution

Dust from construction and smoke from plants and equipment

Due to nature of the construction, involving excavation, land leveling and

clearing, a lot of dust will be produced. Heavy machinery will be used to

carry out these activities which will result in vehicular emissions as well as

other exhaust fumes.

Dust or other pollution from stored material is also inevitable, moderately

significant and mitigative.

Mitigation

Contractor’s contractual obligation to keep the dust and smoke low by using

machinery which is well maintained and is almost noise less and all Katcha

roads and paths are sprinkled with water after regular intervals.

The contractor must avoid/ control the dust and smoke by carefully storing

and distributing the construction material so as to cause minimum dust

which again will be within the acceptable limits.

Smoke from burning of waste and firewood

Labor will burn waste material and wood for various purposes, including

cooking and heating, which will cause smoke, and in some weather

conditions smog in the area.

Mitigation

Contractor shall strictly ban burning of waste or of wood, especially extracted

from nearby shrubs and bushes. Contractor must provide clean fuel to the

labor to use for their daily purposes.

Noise from use of old/and or out-dated machinery

Old and poorly maintained machinery generates higher decibels of noise

and cause noise pollution for workers in the close vicinity of heavy

machinery.

Mitigation

Contractor’s contractual obligation to use new, well maintained and low

noise machinery preferably during day time. The drivers, operators and

workers working on or near the heavy machinery must be provided ear

plugs.

The contractor will ensure use of newer, well maintained machinery that

creates minimum noise and emissions, as per National Environmental

Quality Standards (NEQS 2000). Environment Specialist will ensure that this

clause is added into the bids and contracts. Night time construction activities



will be strictly discouraged, and only be carried out in exceptional cases, with

prior permission of Resident Engineer. Noise monitoring will be carried out

near sensitive receptors on a monthly basis. The NEQS for noise residential

areas is 55 dB (A) in the day time and 45 dB (A) at night. It is recommended

that noise levels close to sensitive receptors do not exceed 55 dB (A) during

the day time as required by the NEQS.

Dust Emission from Stone quarrying and Transportation

This will not cause any impact on the immediate project area except that the

vehicles carrying the stone shall exert additional traffic load on the roads

leading to the project. Crushed stone will fall on roads.

Mitigation

Contractor shall use the road network carefully and repair any damages

immediately. During transportation, covering of vehicle with sheet will be

done. Unloading of vehicles will be done on designated sites.

Impact on biological resources Flora, Fauna (Biota)

No major change is expected in the habitat of the natural flora or fauna.

There will be no tree to cut for the project construction. Small readjustment

of place may be made by some birds and rodents. Similarly, negligible

impact on aquatic life is anticipated.

Mitigation

Environment Specialist together with FATA line departments will ascertain

the status of the site area in terms of occurrence of wildlife species, flora and

aquatic life. And in accordance, recommend a watch and ward system that

will be based on partnership between communities, wildlife, forest &

fisheries departments and political administration. Each partner’s roles will

be specified at the onset, and responsibilities assigned. Till the completion

of the survey, contractor will ensure no extraction takes place from the

surrounding vegetation for fuel wood or hunting of any birds by the labor

employed. If such a case is witnessed, it will be brought to the notice of the

project management as well as the concerned APA.

Contractor’s obligation to strictly respect the limits of construction site.

Cutting of trees will be strictly prohibited and if no alternate is available

plantation of trees will be done in case any tree is cut for project activities.

Tree cutting will be restored by planting four trees against each tree cut.

As per Environmental Safeguard policy of the, sufficient amount has been

allocated for tree plantation for better environment. For this purpose, a tree

plantation plan will be prepared by Watershed Management Specialist in

consultation with District Forest Officer including the type of species, location



for plantation and other necessary information. This plan will also

compensate any unlikely tree cutting involved during project implementation.

Selection of borrow area with least vegetation cover. Soft start for allowing

time to reptiles to move away from the project site Restriction and prohibition

on hunting, shooting, trapping, and poaching of wild species. No night time

activity will be carried out. Photographs of the project area will be taken at

pre and post project stage.

Continuous inspection of the area jointly with other agencies involved in

maintenance of protected areas.

Impact on Aquatic Life

The construction of water retention structure can create serious

modifications to stream habitats that affect the aquatic life. The Stream

channelization and the destruction of riparian and submerged vegetation are

some of the main reasons.

Sedimentation of stream water

During constructions of intakes and weirs the removal of bank/ in stream soil

and vegetation clearing will cause sedimentation affecting aquatic

invertebrates sensitive to changes in the water quality parameters such as,

increased turbidity, changes in temperature etc.

Fresh water / aquatic organisms are unlikely to live and breed well in such

modified areas. In addition, sediment eroded from stream banks may be

carried further downstream where it is deposited, smothering eggs and

invertebrates. Moreover, extreme (too high) flow variations will increase

sediment load from the project site, which inhibits percolation and lowers

available oxygen. Sediment in the flow scours spawning beds for breeding

species.

Increased sediment load caused by eroded stockpiles may also occur during

tunnel construction.

Mitigation

• Monitor water flow during construction and maintain the minimum ecological

requirement for stream to ensure water is available downstream all the time.

• Maintain the desired hydrological connectivity in the system (upstream-

downstream and maintain low water temperature.

• Ensure stream protection through observing the human path is 5m away

from the stream banks and planting local trees species to reduce

sedimentation.



• Provide compensation and sediment channels in the weir as well as

physical removal of sediment.

Reduced water flow

Instances of reduced stream are anticipated from diversions and retention

at points during construction. These may destroy delicate microhabitats

within the stream and may result in loss of aquatic fauna particularly during

the dry season. For example, when there is no water flowing, species

adapted to micro-habitats are lost or forced to the pool areas.

However, the impacts will be localized only and may affect minor stretches

of stream.

Mitigation

• Shorten the periods of temporary diversions as far as feasible.

Water contamination from Oil Spills and Leaks

To some extent discharge of toxic substances such as oil in the project

construction site and their condensation in food chain may affect sensitive

animals immediately; all living organisms may expire when the stream

becomes unable to recover itself.

Mitigation

• Ensure adequate waste management plan is in place and in use from the

onset of construction; and

• Oil spill containment and clean-up equipment should always be available at

the construction site with trained response team.

Modification of stream habitats

Some loss of breeding and nursery grounds for aquatic life and invertebrates

may occur. These prolonged disturbances may cause stress to the animals.

Mitigation

• Systematic search, capture and safe release of species inhabiting the right

of way (for the weir structures).

Impacts on Socioeconomic, Cultural and Archaeological Issues

Tribal Tension and Rivalries

Since the project will benefit a certain number of beneficiaries and their

agricultural land, a tendency of rivalry exists which can cause tensions

amongst neighboring tribal households. Although terms of partnership have

been signed with the intended beneficiaries, the risk will still remain.



Other socio economic cultural and archaeological impacts can be:

• Disturbance to existing services: education, health, electricity,

water supply or signboards.

• Aggravation of any disputes on land ownership.

• Any need for land acquisition.

• Access to other construction materials.

• Adverse effects on known archaeological sites.

• Dealing with chance finds.

• Problems to Health and Safety of labour and employees on

construction work and provision of safety equipment to workers

on site.

• Employment of locals on the project.

• Possibility of spread of HIV/AIDS amongst the project labour

and adjoining population.

• Rise in prices of essential commodities.

• Gender Issues.

• Recreational facilities for public.

• Any spots of religious significance e.g. Mosques, Tombs and

Shrines etc.

• Discovery of Antiquities

Mitigation

For matters pertaining to social obligation and benefits of the communities,

if needed, a social Framework Agreement shall be signed by the RE with

communities to ensure their participation and full satisfaction in matters

pertaining to them. All matters where contractor is involved, these should

be made as his contractual obligations.

Project Team along with the Social Development Specialist will ensure

continuous liaison with the communities throughout the construction phase

of the project, so as to identify any such incident in time. Relevant political

authorities will be kept abreast of the progress, as well as any such issue if

in making.

If, during the execution of the activities or excavation, any material is

discovered onsite, which may be considered of historical or cultural interest,

such as evidence of prior settlements, native or historical activities, evidence

of any existence on a site, which may be of cultural significance, all work



shall stop and the supervising contracting officer shall be notified

immediately. The area in which the material was discovered shall be marked

and the evidence preserved for examination.

Impact on Civic Infrastructure

This will cause additional wear and tear of roads and cross drainage. Such

situation can arise through carelessness of the heavy machinery drivers /

operators. A considerable damage to paths, roads and drainages may occur

if the drivers/operators are not made aware, trained and bound to be careful.

It is a concern of slight significance but can be mitigated through care and

regulation.

Mitigation

Contractor’s contractual obligations to impose strict control over operators

and drivers of all types of vehicles/machinery. Awareness may be given to

them. The position of infrastructure and underground installation should be

precisely located to avoid any damage. Should the damage take place, the

contractor must be bound to carry out repair immediately.

Community safety risks due to accidental or natural hazards

Although there are no settlements near the construction site, but there is

always some risk involved with construction activities. Also, since the area

is prone to natural hazards including floods, earthquakes and drought, the

construction team will pay heed to this risk as well.

Mitigation

The contractor will ensure proper signage and fencing in order to limit public

access to the construction site. Especially during activities such as blasting

and excavation, access will be strictly restricted. Construction site will have

a first aid facility with certain staff trained to handle emergencies. The design

of the weir has been tested for a 38 years flood return period, but at the

same time, an emergency response plan will be prepared by project in order

to respond to any hazard caused naturally or otherwise.

Health and safety of labour at construction site

Since the project is being constructed at a remote site in the tribal areas,

safety of labor will be of prime concern. In addition, adequate measures

related to Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) will have to be provided for

the labor employed.

Mitigation

The contractor will ensure that proper HSE protocols are in place, including

protective gear, drinking water, sanitation, energy supply and overall safety



for the labor. Evacuation plans in case of fire or any other accidents will also

be prepared, and drills carried out to ensure the labor is aware of responding

to such a situation.

Operation Stage Impacts

Various operational activities will invariably create environmental

disturbances, which may have impacts on the people working in the area

nearby communities and flora and fauna. Such impacts include the

following:

Construction material leftovers

Construction material leftover may likely happen after the closure of

temporary construction sites. This might have short term and minimal

insignificant impact on the project area.

Mitigation

• All shivers and material that remain after the closure of temporary

construction sites are to be removed from the location and re-used/re-

cycled where possible.

• All remains are to be disposed of in a manner that will not be harmful to

environment.

Change in visual character and soil erosion

There will be a long term visual impact due to the construction of the weir

and the creation of the reservoir, so it is necessary to retain as much natural

vegetation as possible supplemented with deception of elements with

vegetation where possible.

The construction phase visual impact will be local and temporary. The

construction will take place at the weir site. The activities during

construction that will affect the aesthetics of the area include excavation,

stacking of material onto stockpiles and dumping at the waste disposal

areas. Borrow pits and quarry areas are to be excavated, useful material

will be stacked to stockpiles whereas waste and spoils will be dumped to

waste disposal areas. These activities will result in the creation of artificial

and unnatural features in the landscape.

Mitigation

• Restoration and Environmental enhancement plan to be prepared.

• Use of borrow areas with Engineer’s approval at specified depth.

• Limited movement of machinery.

• Documentation of area.



• Ensuring areas under crops are not used as borrow areas.

• Leveling and dressing of borrow areas; Water sprinkling.

Soil pollution due to excessive application of pesticides and

fertilizers

Pesticides and herbicides are applied to agricultural land, during operational

phase, to control pests that disrupt crop production. Soil contamination can

occur when pesticides persist and accumulate in soils, which can alter

microbial processes, increase plant uptake of the chemical, and also cause

toxicity to soil organisms. Pesticide leaching occurs when pesticides mix

with water and move through the soil, ultimately contaminating

groundwater. The amount of leaching is correlated with particular soil type

and pesticide characteristics and the degree of rainfall and irrigation.

Only a fraction of the nitrogen-based fertilizers is converted to produce and

other plant matter. The remainder accumulates in the soil or lost as runoff.

High application rates of nitrogen-containing fertilizers combined with the

high water-solubility of nitrate leads to increased runoff into surface water

as well as leaching into groundwater, thereby causing groundwater

pollution. The excessive use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers (be they

synthetic or natural) is particularly damaging, as much of the nitrogen that

is not taken up by plants is transformed into nitrate which is easily leached.

Mitigation

FATA Agriculture Directorate shall introduce Agriculture extension

programs targeting use of Integrated Pest Management (IPM), green

manure, and limiting use of pesticides/ fertilizers to required levels only will

target farmer communities to inform and train them. In general, in FATA

area the farmer use mostly the Farm yard manure or green manure. The

pesticide use is also rare, because of less vegetables and fruit production.

Use of additional irrigation water for cultivating high delta crops

With additional guaranteed supply of irrigation water, there is strong

likelihood that the farmers will cultivate high delta crops. Such practices will

not be sustainable in longer term, since the water inflow into the reservoir

is dependent limit the irrigation capacity of the weir. In such a situation, high

water demand crops will consume maximum share of irrigation water

supply, and leave the farmers unattended for future cropping seasons.

Water balance models for the area will need to take heed of this factor, and

cropping pattern will have to be developed.



Mitigation

Cultivation of high delta crops will be strictly discouraged keeping in mind

the appropriate use of the water for maximum are under cropping, and the

water balance model25. Cropping pattern in accordance with the water

balance model will be suggested and promoted with the help of the FATA

Agriculture Department.

25 Water balance models were prepared as part of the Water Assessment Study and Management

Plan, 2010



ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)

General

This EMP document is produced as a complementary part of Detailed

Design, as a free-standing document. It ensures incorporation of the

relevant environmental factors into the overall project design and will identify

linkages to other safeguard policies relating to the project.

Mitigation Measures

Based on the preliminary assessment, key mitigation measures

recommended under this Environmental Management Plan (EMP) are listed

as follows:

a. Identify and locate on project plans any sensitive natural resources

in the project area including but not limited to patches of natural

habitat, bird colonies, and wet lands, unique plant communities etc.

(consult with local nature protection authorities).

b. Identify local access routes through and around cultivated land and

pasture.

c. Minimize requirements for temporary or permanent alteration of

lands.

d. Provide zones for preliminary accumulation of wastes that will

cause no damage to the vegetation cover and other components

of the environment.

e. Transport and disposal of construction concrete rubble, debris and

spoils in approved paths and landfills/ dumpsites.

f. Delineate access roads/ work areas carefully and prevent their

expansion.

g. Rehabilitate access roads and work areas after work completion

(scratch soil with special engine, put fertile topsoil in place, etc.).

h. Use closed/covered trucks for transportation of construction

materials.

i. Clean the surrounding area from dust by water sprinkling, removal

of excess materials and cleaning of sites upon completion of

activities.

j. Restoration to original conditions of landscape after completion of

construction and rehabilitation works.

k. Arrange necessary preservation measures (establish protection

zones, by-pass these areas during transportation and other).

l. Cease the works at once, historical and cultural monuments are

encountered during earthworks and provide relevant information to



the State Agency for Historical and Cultural Monuments

Protection.

m. Conduct mid-term and end-of-project inspections to the sites

during construction works.

The parameters, mitigation, monitoring and responsibility will be discussed

in detail in the EMP.

Residual Impact

Residual impacts are defined as those impacts that remain following the

implementation of the mitigation measures proposed. Residual impacts refer

to those environmental effects predicted to remain after the application of

mitigation outlined in this IEE. The predicted residual effects are considered

for each Project phase (Construction, Post Construction, Pre-Operations

and Operation, as per the Impact screening presented in Table 5.1, the

significance has been determined for each residual adverse effect.

Institutional Arrangements

Management Responsibilities

The FATA Secretariat is the project’s executing agency (EA). It established

a Project Management Unit (PMU) in the Planning and Development

Department of the FATA Secretariat. The PMU will;

(i) be responsible for sub-project preparation including feasibility

studies;

(ii) monitor implementation of all project activities;

(iii) undertake all procurement activities;

(iv) coordinate and monitor the required civil works and project

facilities;

(v) undertake financial accounting and reporting; and

(vi) ensure the project is implemented in compliance with ADB

Safeguard policies and procedures.

Project implementation units (PIU) is established in each of the three

Agencies for execution of the project at agency level. The three PIUs will

have core staff comprised of a project manager assisted by account and

administration officer, monitoring and evaluation coordinator, and social

organizers. Project implementing agencies include the Directorate of

Irrigation, which will be responsible for the improved irrigation infrastructure

and on-farm management components with the latter effort supported by the

Department of Agriculture, and the Department of Forests, which will be

responsible for the watershed management component. The IAs will

coordinate with the PMU and PIUs to ensure project activities are reflected



in their annual work plans, along with requisite financial and human

resources.

Environment and Social Management Unit

For an effective compliance of an EMP, roles and responsibilities need to be

defined at the onset, with relevant professionals hired as project team

members at the executing or implementing agency (E/IA) levels. Moreover,

these professionals are to be placed in the project hierarchy in such a way

whereby they cannot be influenced by the operational teams (engineers,

procurement, contractors, etc.) in order to lessen their compliance

monitoring responsibilities.

For the Project, an Environmental and Social Management Unit (ESMU) is

proposed to be set up within the Project Director’s (PD) Office at the E/IA

level, with direct reporting line to the PD. An Environment Specialist and a

Social Development Specialist will need to be a part of the ESMU so as to

ensure compliance to both parts of the EMP.

The responsibilities of ESMU will be the following, but not limited to:

o Ensure effective compliance of EMP as per ADB Safeguards

Policy requirements

o Provide technical assistance to the Project Team, in matters

related to EMP in particular, and to environmental and social

safeguards as a whole

o Put in place reporting mechanism and monitoring regimes for

project staff as well as contractors

o Ensure that EMP related clauses specifically, and environment

related clauses in general, are part of all the tender/bid/RFP

documents.

o Ensure that EMP implementation costs are made part of BoQs

o Provide technical input to the various training programs

proposed as a part of the EMP.

o Ensure that all regulatory clearances (e.g. clearance from Pak

EPA) have been obtained before starting civil works for the

subproject.

o Conduct on site spot checks to monitor the compliance level,

as well as for any outstanding issue not being covered by the

EMP.



o Regularly report to PD as well as ADB and EPA on progress

related to EMP Compliance.

o Immediately report any unanticipated environmental impact to

ADB.

The Consultant

The Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) will ensure the

implementation and regular monitoring of the EMP in true letter and spirit

during execution of the civil works and shall submit periodic reports to ESMU

of IA regarding the EMP implementation status. The Consultant will engage

qualified Environmental Specialist and Social Specialist who will be

responsible for EMP implementation and reporting any non-compliance to

the Engineer of the Project and the ESMU.

a. The Contractor

The contractor will be responsible for on-site implementation of the EMP of

the sub-project environmental protection liabilities. They will be responsible

for compliance of EMP provisions under contractual obligations. The

contractor will train their crew/ staff in implementation of the EMP though

capacity building interventions.

The EMP will be an integral part of the contract document. The bid should

include a detailed environmental mitigation budget as part of the engineering

costs of the respective works. Contractor will engage social and

environmental managers to realize the above requirements.

A site-specific environmental management plan (SSEMP) will be prepared

and submitted/approved to CSC by the contractor at least 10 days before

the commencement of civil work.

b. Environmental Management Plan

The mitigation plan, being a key component of EMP includes measures to

mitigate potential negative impacts and enhance its positive impacts during

construction phase of the sub-project. The contractor is responsible for

implementation of EMP with the co-operation of executing and implementing

agencies, client staff, social and environmental consultants and local

community of the project.

The Environmental Management Plan, shown in Table 6.1, which also

covers monitoring, will therefore form the basis of the environmental and

social protection measures implemented by ESMU and Engineering,

Procurement and Construction (EPC) contractor that will be employed. The

implementation of the EMP ensures that environmental, health, safety (EHS)



and social performance is in accordance with National (PAK-EPA) and

International (ADB Safeguard Policies) standards and best practice.

The Table 6.1 depicts the environmental management plan for the impacts

along with mitigation plan, as well as the institutional responsibility.



Table 6.1: Environmental Management (Mitigation) Plan (Construction & Operation)

Problem / Activity Impact

Mitigation Measures Timing to Implement MM Performance Indicator Residual Impact

Negligible: No or minimum adverse impact

Moderate: Site specific Potential impact but can be mitigated

High: significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse, or unprecedented

Implementation Responsibility

Supervision Responsibility

Assure compliance with relevant construction field legislation.

• Acquire construction permit. • Provide Water management guidelines if projects

are executed near surface watercourse.

Before the construction of the project activities.

• Number of reported

non-compliances

Minimization and continued improvement in number of reported noncompliance’s

EPC Contractor ESMU/ CSC

Construction Stage Impacts

Impacts on Land Resources

Excavation and Blasting

• Blasting may be done where it is absolutely necessary

• Use safety measures in handling explosives • Prepare blasting schedules along with warning

sirens, and ensure minimum damage to the landscape.

• Protects Top six inch soil before excavation

During Construction • Implementation of SSEMP before start of works

• Annual reports and documentation of safety inspection

• Workforce /Community complaints

Not Significant (Minimal)

Target = zero Threshold 1, with agreed mitigation

Contractor ESMU/ CSC










Waste Management • Proper Waste Management at Construction sites and Labour Camps.

• Waste should be classified before disposal • Solid waste generated should be reduced, reused

and recycled. • Excavated Material should be reused • Rubbishes from the project construction area and

office area shall be classified and collected and then treated by burial in a centralized manner.

• The landfill site area shall be equipped with seepage control system, leachate drainage system, gas conduction system, peripheral water drainage and interception, flood drainage and leachate collection processing facilities, etc

During construction stage • EPC’s Site officer and EHS officer in place

• SSEMP including Waste Management Plan

• Zero Complaints from Community & Workers

• Internal auditing and reporting by EPC

Not Significant

(Minimal)

Contractor

ESMU/ CSC










Labor camps and material storage

Contractor will • Locate the labor camps and stores, at least

500 m away from the site and local population at a secure location.

• Sanitation system along with solid and liquid waste management system will be put in place Latrines with septic tanks and land fill site for solid waste will be identified and constructed.

During construction

• Monthly Reports (EPC)

• Supervision by Consultant

• EHS officer implementing SSEMP Information Events for work force

Not Significant

(Minimal)

Contractor

ESMU/ CSC










Soil pollution due to oils and lubricants / equipment poor maintenance and repairs / refueling at the construction site.

• Avoid servicing and re-fuelling at the site. • Use protective foils and spill prevention trays during

possible vehicle re-fuelling and maintenance at the construction site.

• Regular inspection will be carried out to detect leakages in construction vehicles and equipment.

• Fuels and lubricants will be stored in covered and dike areas, underlain with impervious lining.

• Spill control kit (shovels, plastic bags and absorbent materials) will be available near fuel and oil storage areas.

• Contaminated soil will be removed from the site and disposed in a manner to ensure protection of water resources.

• Use silt traps to prevent contamination of river and streams.

• Provide absorbing material in case of fuel spills. • Used oil/ oily materials and agents should be

managed in line with the Waste management plan. • Procedure in place for actions in case of incidental

oil and lubrication spills. • Prepare and implement the Construction Site

Organization Plan that incorporates good construction practice measures, measures from water management documents and measures from the Water management plan.

Because the area can be subject to un seasonal heavy rain plan before and during construction (cut and fill, land reclamation etc.) while considering the climatic conditions.

Spill contingency plan is available at site

Properly paved/cemented mechanical workshop

No water bodies near the working area

Staff Training over oil spillage

All the vehicles and machinery seals are intact

Containers are available for used oil

Not Significant

(Minimal)

Contractor

ESMU/ CSC










Agriculture Land Damage

• Crops and cultivated area is away from site so, the project will likely not to cause any damage to agriculture crops.

• Top six inches soil will be protected and will be spread back after completion of construction work

• Compensation will be paid to the affected person for agricultural land/crops damage

Construction and post construction

• Monthly Reports (EPC)


• EHS officer implementing SSEMP

Information Events for work force

Not Significant

(Minimal)




Earth borrow site • No private land will be acquired for the borrow areas.

• The Contractor will ensure that selected borrow areas on irrigation land are clearly demarcated and approved by the engineer including the allowed depth of the excavation before starting excavation.

• The borrow areas will be leveled. The Contractor will not leave the borrow pits in such a condition that they are unsuitably filled with rain water and cause the problem for the community.

• If the borrow area is near to the settlements, then it should be fenced completely.

• If agriculture land needs to be used as borrowing area, then the Contractor will adopt the following methods during the digging process.

• Fix the location of excavation. • Remove thirty centimeters of the top soil and keep

it on reserved site for re-spreading in the field. • Excavate up to one meter depth. • Maintain the slope as far as possible. • Place the top soil back during the restoration • Pay compensation for any damages/ crop losses.

Construction and post construction

Top soil management

Government approved site

Approval for any other site by RE and Government

Borrow area management generated and implemented

Agreement in case of private land owner

Grievance redress Mechanism

Leveling of Borrow Area

Minor

\Reduced











Change in Soil characteristics e.g. soil erosion, contamination and compaction

• Restrict vehicle speeds to 30km/h.; • Restriction on repair of vehicles and equipment in

the field. • The compacted soil will be reversed to its original

state in which it was occupied. • Pictures of the area should be taken prior to

handing it over to contractor

During construction • Monthly Reports (EPC)


• EHS officer implementing SSEMP

• Information Events for work force

Not Significant

(Minimal)

Contractor

ESMU/ CSC

Impacts on Hydrology and Water Resources

Water quality and sedimentation load

• Quarterly water sampling and testing will be conducted to ascertain water quality during different seasons.

• Samples at locations upstream and downstream of the sub project will be collected for testing

During Construction and Post Construction

• Plan to be developed before completion of construction

• Monthly Water Monitoring Reports by EPA certified Laboratory

Not Significant

(Minimal)

Contractor

ESMU/ CSC

FATA Irrigation Department

FATA Secretariat










Surface water contamination due to washing etc.

• Contractor will demarcate a washing area for all sorts of washing activities, with running water facility connected to a dedicated drain flowing into the septic tanks

• Restriction on servicing of vehicles and equipment at site

• Construction works should be executed in a way that surface and natural contents outside the project are not damaged and that works are performed so that watercourses are not unnecessarily made turbid and watercourses discontinued.

• Works should be executed in dry weather. • Prepare and implement a construction site

organization

During construction • EPC’s Monthly Reports

• Record of Water consumption

• Monthly Water Monitoring Reports by EPA certified Laboratory

Not Significant

(Minimal)











Drinking Water supply

• Contractor will get stream water tested for chemical and biological contaminants, and assist in providing filtration to make water drinkable.

• The contractor to make his own arrangements for water required for construction ensuring that water availability and supply to nearby communities remain unaffected like new water well, sufficient yield available in existing water wells, etc.).

• Prior approval to be obtained from Project Engineer for water usage

• Maintain record of water consumption

Before construction and during the project activities.

• Documentation of audit and remedial actions where necessary

• Grievance’s record (Target=0, Threshold 1 with agreed mitigation)

Not Significant

(Minimal)











Municipal solid and liquid Waste

• Contractor will ensure solid waste bins are placed at labor eating and resting areas.

• Installation of field toilets for workers with septic tanks

During construction • Implementation of SSEMP

• Site auditing • Grievance’s record

(Target=0, Threshold 1 with agreed mitigation)

Not Significant

(Minimal)

Contractor

ESMU/ CSC

Impacts on Air Quality and Noise Pollution



Dust/smoke Emission from plants and equipment

• Compact deposited earth material. • Sprinkle dust sources with water in order to reduce

impacts on the surrounding population and vegetation.

• Control the speed of vehicles in order to reduce dust rising.

• Prepare and implement a plan for the construction site organization that includes good construction management practices.

• The stock piles should be covered or kept moist in dry weather and to be located in such a distance, so that the communities are not affected by upwind of the stockpiles.

• Use earth material with the approval of the Engineer.

• Procure shingle/ stone from quarry site approved by the Engineer.

• Regular inspection, tuning, and maintenance of transport vehicles.

• Material transport in closed containers or covered with canvas (Tarpal) sheets.

• Regular equipment maintenance. • The contractor is obliged to submit evidence of

vehicle roadworthiness in line with the regulations on the hazardous gases emission.

• Prepare and implement the construction site organization plan that incorporates good construction practice measures.

During Construction. Water sprinkling to be done on regular/daily basis.

• Water sprinkling Records

• Monthly reports EPC • Site Inspection and

Audits • Monthly Monitoring

Reports by EPA certified Laboratory

Not Significant

(Minimal)

Contractor

ESMU/ CSC

Smoke from burning of waste or firewood

• Contractor shall strictly ban burning of waste or of wood, especially extracted from nearby shrubs and bushes.

• He must provide clean fuel to the labor to use for their daily purposes i.e LPG gas cylinders

During construction • EPC’s Site officer and EHS officer in place

• SSEMP Implementation

• Internal auditing and reporting by EPC

Not Significant

(Minimal)


Noise in the operation of heavy mechanization and generators.

• Observe law-defined working hours at the construction site.

• Make the generator casings sound proof if they are located near residential units.

• Ensure mufflers for heavy machinery.

During Construction stage

• EPC Site Manager and EHS Officer in Place

• Audit and Inspection record of heavy mechanization and generators.

Not Significant

(Minimal)

Contractor

ESMU/ CSC










• Prepare and implement the construction site organization plan that incorporates good construction practice measures. Regular inspection of equipment and machineries

• Monthly Noise level Monitoring Reports by EPA certified Laboratory

• No. of Grievance’s (Target=0)



Dust Emission from Stone quarrying and Transportation of material

• Using trucks with awning and special vehicles depending on the type of materials.

• During the transportation of soil, the trucks must be covered with Tarpaulin.

• Use earth material with the approval of the Engineer

• Procure shingle/ stone from quarry site approved by the Engineer.

• Regular inspection, tuning, and maintenance of transport vehicles.

• Material transport in closed containers or covered with canvas (Tarpal) sheets.

• Avoid night time activity. • Maintain liaison with communities; Repair of

damaged roads/ other infrastructure. • Transportation of material during off peak hours.

During construction. • Recording of violations and corrective measures

• Performance of Regular Driver Training (target 100% participation of drivers)

• Instruction and Information Events for workforce

• No. of accidents (Target=0)

Not Significant

(Minimal)

Contractor

ESMU/ CSC

Impacts on Biological Resources



Damage to Flora and Fauna

• No cutting or removal of trees. • As per Environmental Safeguard policy, sufficient

amount has been allocated for tree plantation for better environment. For this purpose a tree plantation plan will be prepared including the type of species, location for plantation and other necessary information. This plan will also compensate any unlikely tree cutting involved during project implementation. Selection of borrow area with least vegetation cover. Soft start for allowing time to reptiles to move away from the project site

• Restriction and prohibition on hunting, shooting, trapping, and poaching of wild species

• No night time activity • Photographs of pre and post project

Rerouting and site identification during design stage and other matters during construction of relevant activities

• EPC internal monitoring and monthly reports

• Site auditing • Photographic record

of pre and post project • Implementation of

Environmental Enhancement Program

Not Significant (Minimal)

during construction phase

Beneficial in long terms with the implementation of Environmental Enhancement Program

Contractor

ESMU/ CSC



Impact on aquatic life

• Monitor water flow during construction and maintain the minimum ecological requirement for stream to ensure water is available downstream all the time.

• Maintain the desired hydrological connectivity in the system (upstream-downstream and maintain low water temperature necessary for survival of the moderately flow-sensitive species found at this site;

• Ensure riverine protection through observing the 5m away from the stream banks and planting of local tree species to reduce sedimentation.

• Provide compensation and sediment channels in the weir as well as physical removal of sediment.

• Minimize activities to areas of construction and initiate habitat restoration immediately after construction works are through; and

• Restore disturbed areas to near-to-nature to blend with the immediate environment.

• Shorten the periods of temporary diversions as far as feasible.

• Oil spill containment and clean-up equipment should always be available at the construction site with trained response team.

Construction and Post construction

• Artificially extreme low flows or extended low flows.

• Reduction in widths, depths, velocities.

• Increased likelihood of temperature & oxygen level extremes

Minimal


Impacts on Socioeconomic and Cultural Issues

Tribal tensions and rivalries

• Ensure continuous liaison with the communities throughout the construction of the project, so as to identify any such incident in time.

• Relevant political authorities will be kept abreast of the progress, as well as any such issue if in making.

Before and During construction

• Continued Community Consultation Records

• Implementation of Community Liaison Plan by EPC

• No. Of Grievance’s (Target=0)

Not Significant

(Minimal)











Impact on the existing civil infrastructure and facilities, especially underground installations (water supply and sewerage pipeline etc.) which cause obstacles in the provision of services to consumers.

• Precisely situate the position of infrastructure and underground installations at the local works in cooperation with the relevant institutions at all levels of authority.

• Close liaison with local relevant authorities

Before the construction of the weir and all other structures, the APs should be given sufficient time and compensation to satisfy them.

• Continued Community Consultation Records

• No. Of Grievance’s (Target=0)

• Monthly Reports on Information activities and response from community

• Liaison Records with local relevant authorities

Not Significant

(Minimal)

Contractor ESMU/ CSC in cooperation with concerned Department.










Increased possibility of employment and income in the local community.

• Prioritize qualified local population in employment. At the time of commencement of project. Complaints of APs to be solved as soon as possible.

• Job Posting and information in local communities

• Transparency of employment procedures and records

• Monthly Reports on Information activities and response from community

• Up to date information on employment opportunities

Highly Beneficial Contractor ESMU/ CSC.

Conflict due to use of privately owned agriculture land for camp construction

• Establishment of camp on community owned barren leveled land/RoW away from population at least 500m away.

• Approval of camp site from the Engineer will be obtained.

Before the construction of the project, the APs should be given sufficient time and compensation to satisfy them.

• Approval (NOC) of camp site before construction.

Not Significant

(Minimal)

Contractor

ESMU/ CSC










Social conflicts due to influx of external workforce

• Establishment of camp on community owned barren land away from population at least 500m away.

• . Contractor need to obtain approval from the Engineer.

• Hiring of work force from local communities; Awareness raising of residents for safety protection.

• Awareness raising of labor to ensure respect for local customs and norms.

• Child labor will be prohibited at sub-project sites. • Maintain record of all resources usage like water,

fuel, manpower, machinery, equipment, etc.

During the construction activities.


• Job Posting Records • Information Events

Record • EPC Monthly Reports • Site Audit Reports

Not Significant

(Minimal)

Contractor

ESMU/ CSC

Conflicts arising due to

Mixing of local and migratory job seekers.

• Preference to provide jobs to local job seekers. • Motivation/Trainings to the workers for a peaceful

work environment.

Before and during the construction of project.


• Job Posting Records • Information Events

Record • EPC Monthly Reports • Site Audit Reports

Not Significant

(Minimal)

Contractor

ESMU/ CSC










Reduced possibility through the area where the works are executed.

• Plan the relocation of equipment at time when daily traffic is not jammed; provide alternative passage for pedestrians and vehicles in cooperation with local authorities or provide a safe passage through the construction site.

• Avoid roads through inhabited areas especially near schools and hospitals.

• Prepare and implement the Construction Site Organization Plan that incorporates good construction practice measures.

Necessary evacuations to be done as when necessary if construction impacts are of significant duration and close to APs.

• Implementation of Construction Site Organization Plan

• Health and safety Plans in Place and Implemented

• Site Audit

Not Significant

(Minimal)


Population at increased risks of traffic accidents and construction works.

• Assure adequate warning signs, lighting, protective fencing etc.

• Observe traffic rules. • Clean construction waste form the construction site

both in the construction phase and after works completion, when closing the construction site.

• Assure medical supplies and aid through institutional and administrative arrangements with municipal hospitals at the construction site.

Prior to and throughout the construction.

• Implementation of SSEMP, Traffic Management Plant

• Accident/Incident Record


• Site Audits & Inspection

Not Significant

(Minimal)

Short term during construction stage

Contractor

ESMU/ CSC










Risk of injuries at work

• Demand from all workers to abide by the Protection at work measures.

• Provide protective equipment; install warning signs at the construction site.

• Prepare and implement the Construction site Organization Plan and Protection at work measures plan.

Prior to commencement and during construction

• Site Inspection • Monthly EPC Reports • PPEs issuance

records • Health and safety

Plans in Place and Implemented


Not Significant

(Minimal)


Accident risks • Preparation and implementation of HSE Plan. • Provision of PPEs. • Provision of first aid kits and emergency vehicle. • Emergency response teams. • Preparation of emergency response plans

Prior to commencement and during construction

• Monthly EPC Reports • PPEs issuance

records • Health and safety

Plans in Place and Implemented


• Accident/Incident Record

Not Significant

(Minimal)











Health risks due to unsafe and unhygienic living environment.

• Preparation and implementation of HSE Plan. Safety measures taken by the contractor such as installation of firefighting equipment, safe storage of hazardous material, fencing, provision of first aid facilities etc.; Contingency measures in case of accidents; Obligatory insurance of contractor’s staff and laborers against accidents; Provision of adequate sanitation, washing, lighting, cooking and dormitory facilities. HSE trainings to construction and camp staff.

During construction • Workplace Risk Assessment before start of works

• Health and safety Plans in Place and Implemented

Contractor

ESMU/ CSC

EHS Training • Arrange training, guidelines and brushers in Urdu to staff and laborers about the Environment, Health and Safety.

During construction • EHS Trainings and Events Record

Not Significant

(Minimal)


Operation Stage Impacts and Maintenance (O&M)










Construction material leftovers of after the closure of temporary construction sites

• All shivers and material that remain after the closure of temporary construction sites are to be removed from the location and re-used/re-cycled where possible.

• All remains are to be disposed of in a manner that will not be harmful to environment.

Completion of Construction • Site Inspection • Implementation of

Environmental Enhancement Program

Not Significant

(Minimal)

Short term during construction phase












Change in visual character and soil erosion

• Restoration and Environmental enhancement plan to be prepared.

• Use of borrow areas with Engineer’s approval at specified depth.

• Limited movement of machinery. • Documentation of area. • Ensuring areas under crops are not used as borrow

areas. • Leveling and dressing of borrow areas; Water

sprinkling. • Rescue of any encountered species.

Pre Operations • Implementation of Environmental enhancement plan

• EPC Construction Completion Report

• Site Inspection

Not Significant

(Minimal)

Short term during construction phase












Soil pollution due to excessive application of fertilizers and pesticides

• Agriculture extension programs targeting use of Integrated Pest Management (IPM), green manure, and limiting use of pesticides to required levels only will target farmer communities to inform and train them

Post Construction • Agriculture extension program developed before completion of construction

Minor FATA Agriculture Directorate

FATA Secretariat










Use of irrigation water for cultivating high delta crops

• Cultivation of high delta crops will be strictly discouraged.

Cropping pattern in accordance with the water balance model will be suggested and promoted.

Post construction Agriculture extension program developed before completion of construction

Not Significant

(Minimal)

FATA Agriculture Department

FATA Secretariat

Strategies that require development.

An ‘Operation Environmental Action Plan’ (OEAP) needs to be prepared demonstrating the manner in which the Contractor/Operator will comply with the requirements of management plans proposed in EMP.

The following strategies and procedures will be developed prior to the commencement of Project operations:

Project specific security and public access control strategy;

Project specific waste management strategy

Project specific air and noise control strategy;

Project specific traffic control strategy;

Pre Operations Implementation Operation Environmental Action Plan’ (OEAP)

Beneficial in long terms with the implementation of Operation Environmental Action Plan’ (OEAP)

ESMU /CSC PMU










Monitoring programmes

The following monitoring programmes will be developed prior to the commencement of Project operations:

Landslide monitoring;

Water quality monitoring

Watershed and flood telemetry monitoring

Operational stage

Site Inspection

Monitoring Reports

Beneficial in long terms with the implementation of Operation Environmental Action Plan’ (OEAP)

FATA Irrigation Department

FATA Secretariat

Training/ educational programmes.

The following educational programmes will be developed prior to the commencement of Project operations: • Employee induction programme on environmental

awareness; • Employee code of conduct; • Health and Safety training programme

Operational stage

Implementation of Training Events and Programs

Highly Beneficial FATA Irrigation Department

FATA Secretariat

MM: Mitigation Measures



Monitoring Activities

For each of the environmental components, the monitoring plan specifies

the parameters to be monitored; location of the monitoring sites and duration

of monitoring. The monitoring plan also specifies the applicable standards,

implementation and supervising responsibilities.

In addition to the critical locations selected during design stage, the

environmental monitoring will also be done at the construction camp site and

any other plant site as determined relevant during rehabilitation works stage.

Performance Indicators

A key aspect of monitoring is defining relevant indicators. A Performance

Indicator is a measurable value that demonstrates how effectively the EMP

is achieving its key objectives, evaluated against the criteria defined in

environmental management Plan.

Table 6.2 Environmental Monitoring

Sr. No.

Test Frequency Parameters Location of Monitoring

Number of samples

1 Water Quality

Quarterly pH

Colour

Odour

Electrical Conductivity

Turbidity

Alkalinity

Bicarbonate

Carbonate

Calcium

Sodium

Pottasium

Hardness

Sulphate

Nitrates

TDS

Total Coliforms & E-Coli

Surface water sample to be collected 10 m downstream of the weir.

Drinking water sample from Labour camp

02 (surface and Ground water)

2 Air Quality

Quarterly Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

Nitrogen Oxide (NO)

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

PM10

10 m from the main construction site

01



Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM)

3 Noise Quality

Quarterly Quarterly and whenever required in an emergency or exceeding the NEQS limits

10 m from construction site

02

Project Enhancement Plans

Restoration Plan

If during construction, further material is required or contractor needs to

borrow material from any other site, then the contractor can acquire private

land in accordance with the lease agreement with the land owner.

Photographic record will be kept before and after the land use as borrowing

area. The contractor will not leave borrowing pit in such a condition that they

are unusable and could be filled with rain water and provide breeding place

for mosquitoes or cause any health and safety issues. Agricultural land

should be restored such that it can be re-used for the agricultural purpose.

The topsoil of agricultural land, if used as borrow area, should be removed

up to 6 inches and kept separate on site for its re-spread back on the leveled

borrow area. Then the site area should be leveled for placing the topsoil

back.

Reports

The Environmental Specialist of the Construction Supervision Consultant

(CSC) shall produce periodical reports as well as inspection notes based

upon the visits to the subproject site. The contractor will submit weekly

checklist report to CSC on the basis of which CSC will prepare monthly report

and submit to PMU. Similarly, CSC will prepare Bi-annual report and submit

to PMU.

This information shall make a basis for Project Management Unit (PMU) for

their further reporting or visiting the site. All reports shall be location based

and activity specific. The reports shall especially identify areas of contractor’s

noncompliance with the EMP and provide guiding remarks on actions to be

taken. The significance of the non-compliance shall also be noted. Copies of

these reports shall be sent to the Resident Engineer (RE) who shall forward

them to the team leader, Head PMU and the contractor for their action(s). The

RE will include in routine reports a summary status of activities relating to the

EMP. Supplemental reports on issues should also be prepared when

required.



The consultant’s environmental team will produce daily, monthly reports, as

well as a final report of the project based on the information collected. The

Table of Contents (TOC) is annexed. The list of distribution reports is given

in Table 6.3.

Table 6.3: Distribution of Reports

Training Schedule

Environmental training will form part of the Environment Management Plan.

The training will be conducted for all personnel involved in the project works.

The key objective of training program is to ensure that the requirements of

the EMP are clearly understood and followed throughout the Sub Project.

The trainings to the staff will help in communicating environmental related

restrictions specified in the EMP. The contractors will be primarily

responsible for providing environmental training to all project personnel on

potential environmental issues of the Sub Project. Responsibility of trainings

related to public safety lies with PIU. In addition to the training specified in

the training log, special/ additional trainings will be provided during the Sub

Project activity.

Report

Prepared by Reviewed by Distribution

Weekly

Checklist

Contractor’s

HSE/Environment officer

Contractor`s Environment

Officer and Consultant’s

Environment Specialist

Resident Engineer

Monthly Environment team of the

Design & Construction

Supervision Consultants

PMU`s Environment

Specialist

Project Director

Effects

Monitoring

Environment team of the



PMU`s Environment

Specialist

Project Director

Change

Management

Environment team of the



PMU`s Environment

Specialist

Project Director

Semi-annual Environment team of the



PMU`s Environment

Specialist

ADB through Project

Director

Final Environment team of the



Reviewed by ESMU of

ESMU

ADB through Project

Director



Implementation Estimated Budget

Contractor will be responsible for the implementation for environmental

mitigation plan. Most of the mitigation measures are covered in the

engineering costs of the respective works. However, cost for some of the

mitigation and monitoring activities are estimated below in Table 6.426 while

the Environmental Manager cost is included as part of the Contractor key

personnel covered under the bid documents (Key Personnel Requirements).

Major civil works are main Weirs and irrigation channel and the subproject

entails no large labor force and the PPEs like safety shoes, helmets, gloves

and masks will be covered under the Contractors cost. The EHS training

component is given to Project Design and Supervision Consultants expert

who is responsible to conduct regular EMP envisaged trainings for the

contractor’s crews and staff.

Table 6.4: Implementation Estimated Budget

Item No Item Description

Parameters Frequency Rate (Rs)

As per Contract Amount

Quantity Amount

1 Air Testing at site

1. Carbon Monoxide (CO)

2. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) 3. Nitric Oxide (NO) 4. Nitrogen Dioxide

(NO2) 5. PM10 6. PM2.5

Quarterly 8000 4/year 32000

2 Noise Testing at

site

1. Noise Quarterly 1000 4/year 4000

3 Water Testing in

Lab

1. Total Coli form 2. E. coli 3. pH 4. Total Dissolved solids

(TDS) 5. Total Hardness as

CaCO3 6. Sodium 7. Potassium 8. Sulphate 9. Chloride 10. Alkalinity 11. Color 12. Odor 13. Taste 14. Nitrogen-Nitrates 15. TSS

Quarterly 11000 8/year 88000

Total 1,24,000

Contingency Cost @5%

6200

Grand Total 1,30,200

26 Note: All the budgets are calculated in 2017 without any escalation rates and taxes. Actual budget will be provided by the Contractor at the time of implementation.



Third Party Monitoring

The purpose of third party monitoring is to ensure that the project is

implemented with the due concern for Environment and Social Safeguards

according to ADB’s Safeguards Policy Statement (SPS) 2009, and

specifically to ensure that these issues are adequately addressed in

compliance with the approved EIA/IEE reports and Environment

Management plan (EMP). The third party monitoring consultant will check /

validate these reports during the construction phase of the project to ADB

and also the Project Completion Report.

As per TOR of the Contract the Third Party Consultant will perform the

following key tasks.

i. Review the sub-project's environmental performance to ensure that it

complies with the national environmental legislation, requirements

under Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, ADB's environmental

safeguards as stipulated in Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) and

relevant environmental documents (IEE, EIA, Site specific EMP,

Environmental Assessment and Review Framework);

ii. Monitor and participate in selected sub-projects' design and

construction stage consultations;

iii. Monitor the performance of consultants in delivering the services and

the performance of EA/PMU/PIUs and IAs in delivering their roles and

responsibilities so that the project stay compliant with ADB

environmental safeguards;

iv. Monitor on sample basis EMP compliance at a construction site;

v. In the case of unpredicted environmental impacts occurring during

project implementation, provide guidance on the preparation of a

corrective action plan, and monitor its implementation;

vi. Support the PMU in information sharing and disclosure of

environmental safeguard documents, training on environmental

management, and health and safety aspects to project staff;

vii. If required, participate in the ADB project review missions to assist in

due diligence reviews and analyses;

viii. Identify implementation capacities gaps, recommend improvements

and troubleshooting to address bottlenecks and emerging issues that

affect project management;

The Consultant will deliver (a) third party monitoring detailed plan in

consultation with the EA, PMU, PIU and IAs; (b) biannual external



environment safeguards monitoring report; and (c) collate and provide input

to the final TA report. The Consultant will report to ADB Project Team Lead

in PRM Islamabad.



PUBLIC CONSULTATION

General

Public Consultation is a process to disclose project information to the local

communities and other concerned stakeholders and record feedback regarding

the proposed subproject and preference. It brings new ideas and information in

a dynamic and integrated way. It also educates the community towards type and

objectives of the subproject and persuades them to be rational to participate in

the subproject activities.

The public consultation process was commenced in the initial feasibility stages

(prior to construction) in order to disclose the project information to the

stakeholders. The stakeholders involved in the process, were the population

likely to be impacted, the village leaders and relevant departments.

Prior to the implementation of the subproject, the consultations have been carried

out to support this EMMP. The focus of attention has been the population near

the subproject area that may be affected by the subproject. The level of

engagement varied from the stakeholder to stakeholder with some registering no

major comment but it is noted that none registered any outright opposition to

subproject.

The disclosure of the subproject intervention and subsequent consultation with

stakeholders is imperative for the environmental assessment and mitigation of

impacts. Public consultation can also provide a conduit for the improvement of

the subproject implementation to better serve the stakeholders. In this EMMP,

the consultation process was performed to achieve the objective of ADB Safe

guard’s policy statement 2009.

The main objectives of public participation and consultation are to achieve the

following:

• Ensure public and community participation in the subproject environmental

policy objectives and decision making.

• Ensure public confidence in the administration of the environment by

demonstrating the role of government to enforce the environmental

stewardship of government agencies and organs, corporate citizens and

elite organizations;

• Grant the citizenry access to environmental information and data, thereby

promoting the quality of environmental management and compliance

monitoring.

• Provide key project information and create awareness among various

stakeholders about project intervention;



• Have interaction for primary and secondary data collection with project

affectees and other stakeholders;

• Begin establishing communication and an evolving mechanism for the

resolution of social and environmental problems at local and project level;

• Involve project stakeholders in an inclusive manner; and

• Receive feedback from primary stakeholders on mitigation and

enhancement measures for environmental and social impacts.

Community engagement provides a valuable link between the stakeholders of

the subproject and serves by;

• Enabling the community to be better informed

• Reducing the level of misconception/ misinterpretation or deception

• Ensuring commitment and greater ownership of the final decision by the

community

• Strengthening relationships between project cycle and the community

• Encouraging the community to put forward ideas

• Assembling better understanding of local needs

• Helping to identify issues which may not otherwise have been considered

Identification of Stakeholders

Stakeholders are persons or groups who are directly or indirectly affected by a

project as well as those who may have interests in a project and/or the ability to

influence its outcome, either positively or negatively. Stakeholders of the

subproject include locally affected communities, local government authorities,

and civil society organizations, groups with special interests, the academic

community, or businesses. (Figure 7.1).

During the field survey, different stakeholders identified, were the villagers, local

residents, government officials, farmers, public representative, NGO’s and

general public. All those stakeholders had different types of stakes according to

their professions.

Two types of the stakeholders were identified: the primary stakeholders, who

would be directly affected by the subproject; and the secondary stakeholders,

who would be indirectly affected by the subproject.



Figure 7.1: Identification of Stakeholders

These stakeholders were contacted by the Construction Supervision Consultants

(CSC) in March 2017. Their views and reservations/ concerns about the

subproject were taken into consideration. Construction Supervision Consultants

also interacted with the community based organizations that can support the

community during the execution of the subproject.

Tribal society is dominated by men with final say in the affairs of all members of

the family. Women, by comparison, play a subservient role and observe strict

purdah (veiling). They are for the most part restricted to performing household

work, and are excluded from decision-making both on the domestic front and at

the community level. Keeping in mind the above background, women of the

subproject area were not consulted.



Methodology

To carry out stakeholder consultations, the survey team adopted a strategic and

flexible approach, where influential were earlier briefed and taken into confidence

for holding community level meetings and followed by candid meetings with

residents and small group meetings with locals.

A number of comprehensive consultations were carried out with the subproject

stakeholders at various locations during the preparation of environmental and

social impact assessment. The consultation and scoping sessions were designed

specifically to provide subproject information to the public. These sessions were

informal so as to encourage friendly social environment in which participants may

feel comfortable in raising questions, expressing their opinion and concerns

about the subproject besides seeking clarification regarding their concerns. The

focus group discussions were instrumental in the process, whereas one-to- one

meetings were also held with the institutions.

The subproject survey was carried out to cover socio-economic condition of the

area and to assess the farmer community’s demands and difficulties with the

consideration of the following protocols:

The meeting was freely formatted so as to avoid any uneasiness of local farmers

and to provide them maximum freedom of speech.

• Survey team has highlighted the potential benefits of project

implementation and noticing any aspects which would need to be covered

in greater detail during execution stage.

• Discussions were also made regarding the proposed rehabilitation of

irrigation system and feedback /suggestions based on historical knowledge

of area were recorded.

• Preliminary assessment of community’s willingness was assessed to

contribute to project implementation in the form of local labour with the Civil

Works Contractor.

Agenda of Consultative Session

The agenda for the consultative session with local farmers was prepared after

investigating all existing irrigation infrastructure in the area. Similarly, an informal

interview guide was used to obtain views of key informants on the issues of

irrigation in the project area. Data obtained helped the facilitator in drafting and

adopting the following agenda for the community meetings.

To assess the apprehensions and aspirations of the local farmers

regarding improvements to the existing irrigation infrastructure;



To assess indigenous knowledge of potential improvements in

irrigation system

Knowledge and experience of any similar works undertaken by

government agencies, NGOs and other technical institutions.

Local Farmer Views

The local farmers openly expressed their views that farmers understood fully that

improved and ensured surface water supply is the only way to improve agriculture

and rural livelihood. The improved surface water supplies will contribute to

minimize reliance on ground water abstraction thus, resulting into improved

income and regulated ground water regime. The peoples told that the tail end

users will not receive water, as experience of surrounding irrigated area. Farmers

termed the uncertain and unreliable supply of the canal water. No one has directly

or indirectly indicated any negative feelings towards the proposed intervention.

Table 7.1 shows the farmers views for dissatisfaction with canal system.

Table 7.1: Farmer Reasons for Dissatisfaction with Canal Systems

Grievances % Farmer views

Katcha water-courses 25%

Poor timing management 7%

Water theft 25%

Inadequate supply 35%

Water wastage 2%

Mogha Problems 6%

Relations between farmers and Irrigation Department officers are generally poor.

Rural farmers have little trust in government generally and in the Irrigation

Department in particular. Therefore, the proposed weir will be supervised by the

farmer community. The irrigation Department will arrange only the major repair in

future.

When asked whether a Farmers’ Organization (FO) would be useful or not,

respondent answers were largely in favor (90%). Farmers want FOs to share the

resolution of issues like water theft, cementing of watercourse etc, agricultural

issues (e.g. marketing) and credit etc.

The participants were in complete agreement about the benefits of the project

and expressed full support to the project. Qualitative assessment during the field



survey indicates that the community is willing to contribute to sub-project

implementation by working as unskilled labour. The preference is to work during

the agricultural off-season. Training in labour-based construction works will be

needed in order to implement the project efficiently. This will also result in

necessary basic skills transfer for future maintenance of the scheme.

Consultation with Other Stakeholders and Their Response

The potential stakeholders were inhabitants, field staff of FATA Irrigation

Department (FID) and other relevant departments working in the Sub Project

area. During the consultation, maximum information about the Sub Project was

shared. A list of Government official consulted is enlisted in Table 7.2 and local

Notables/beneficiaries farmers are in Table 7.3.

All the stakeholders including the local community were consulted about the

proposed subproject. Salient features of the subproject and requirement of ADB

SPS were discussed. Subproject does not require land acquisition and no

resettlement of the people is involved. There is no major issue related to the RoW

of the subproject, which was provided by Irrigation Department. Public

consultation was also made with the local people residing in the adjacent and

surveyed villages in the subproject area. The discussion was focused on the

impacts of the proposed subproject.

The people were pleased to know about the proposed subproject. They

appreciated the efforts of taking-up the subproject for providing benefits to the

public.

The stakeholders were asked about the likely impacts of the proposed subproject

during construction/ execution phases. Most of the people have knowledge about

the subproject. The people of the area were informed about the both negative

and positive impacts of the subproject. They responded that the negative impacts

like noise and dust are very minor and temporary issues as compared to the

positive impacts which will help them to improve their socioeconomic conditions.

People of the area were demanding some basic facilities like drinking water

supply, electricity, Schools and Basic Health Units (BHU) etc however they were

told that the project focuses only on improving irrigation and efficient use of water

resources. They also demanded for flood protection wall. Their concerns were

noted and were shared with the line department and their queries about the

subproject were answered to their satisfaction. Suggestions were also sought

from the locals for incorporating mitigation measures in the EMP.



Table 7.2: List of Government Official Contacted

Table 7.3: List of Community Consultation Participants

S No. Name Father’s Name Adress Cell #

1 Akhtar Zaman

Jahangriz Tehsil Jamrud Khyber Agency, Gudar

03015005935

2 M Nawaz

Hazrat Muhammad

Tehsil Jamrud Khyber Agency, Gudar

03464292696

3 Kamil Shah Arman Shah


03449558048

4 Junaid Shah Ahmad Shah


03049016786

5 Asif Khan Arif Khan


03025535889

6 Kamran Anar Shah


03069229224

7 Usman Said badshah


03069229224

8 Akhtar Shah Hikmat Shah


03005879695

9 Sadiq Anar Shah


03069229224

10 Qadeer Naimat


03459199522

11 Gul Sher Hikmat Shah


03015005935

12 Arman Shah Gul Massh Lashora, Jamrud 03038967892

13 Muzamil Shah

Shamshed Khan

Lashora, Jamrud 03040623562

14 InamUllah Shamshad Lashora, Jamrud 03015854892

15 Mehboob Shah

Yar Shah Lashora, Jamrud 03429865194

16 Khadim Shah Mira Khan Lashora, Jamrud 03015851493

17 Adnan Saz Akhtar Gul Lashora, Jamrud 03055268989

18 ZabihUllah Jumma Khan Lashora, Jamrud 03027570189

19 Noor Jalal Akhtar Gul Lashora, Jamrud

20 Mir Muhammad

Lashora, Jamrud

21 M Hussain Astan Amir Lashora, Jamrud

Sr. No Name Designation. Contact No

Department

1 Nasrat

Shaheen

Agricultural

officer 091 2211998 Agriculture

2 Abdurahman XEN 03009065647 (0942-

220393) Irrigation

3 Fazal Ilahi DFO 091 9213830

03009034468 Forest



22 Shoukat Hazrat Ullah Lashora, Jamrud

23 Raziq Mir Muhammad Lashora, Jamrud

Figure 7.2: Community Meetings at Shangade



GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

General

A Grievance redress mechanism (GRM), consisted with the requirements of ADB

safeguard policies will be established to prevent and redress community

concerns, reduce risks, and assist the project to maximize social and

environmental benefits, in addition to serving as a platform to resolve grievances,

for this purpose a public complaint Centre with public complaint committee will

be established in all concerned Agencies where the project activities are in

progress. Generally, all project staff, management staff involved in the project,

and government administrators will take on grievance handling as a

responsibility. The GRM members should be qualified, experienced, and

competent personnel who can win the respect and confidence of the affected

communities. Criteria for selecting members of GRM could include the following

knowledge of the project, its objectives, and outcomes; technical knowledge and

expertise, e.g., irrigation, engineering, environmental, geological; understanding

of the social, economic, and cultural environments and the dynamics of the

communities; capacity to absorb the issues dealt with and to contribute actively

to decision-making processes; social recognition and standing; and an equitable

representation of the community.

Composition of following committee members are being proposed for public

complaint Centers at concerned Agencies where project activities are prevailing,

1. Chairperson, Project Director-FWRDP.

2. Member, community elder/Malak, Religious leader.

3. Member, Social Development Officer/ Resettlement officer - FWRDP.

4. Member, Environment Officer - FWRDP

5. Member from village organization (one for Executive body and one for

general body)

6. Member, PIU (Project Manager, Monitoring officer and Social organizer)

7. Member from Contractor/Environment Specialist/Manager

8. Member PA Representative

9. Member from Line Department

Objectives of Grievance Redress Mechanism

The main objective of establishing GRM is to resolve problems in an efficient,

timely and cost-effective manner in a cordial environment with the participation

of all stakeholders including affected parties. Under the GRM, it shall describe

the options available to the project for grievance redress. Any environmental or



social impacts that would be adversely affecting the general public in the project

area should be resolved at the GRC.

The PIU shall indicate how these would be disseminated and accessible to

affected parties in a way that should be clear and comprehensible to the

Implementing Agency (IA) also. The grievance redress mechanism should also

have an in-built monitoring mechanism to check on responsiveness to complaints

or grievances lodged. The different forms of receiving the complaints should be

clearly described together with the different stages of going through the process.

In addition, the redress mechanism shall indicate alternatives, in case the

proposed mechanism, for any reason, does not respond to all grievances and

complaints. GRM should be able to provide benefits to both the project and

affected parties by setting up following objectives,

• Provide a forum for redressing grievance and disputes at the lowest level.

• To build up productive relationship among the all stakeholders including

affected parties.

• Provide access to affected parties to negotiate and influence the decisions and

policies of the project which might be adversely affected to them.

• Mitigates or prevents adverse impacts of the project on communities and

produces appropriate corrective or preventive action.

• To harmonize both project and affected parties activities.

• open channels for affective communication, including the identification of new

social and environmental issues of concern arising from the project:

• The GRM will be accessible to diverse members of community, including more

vulnerable groups such as women and youth

• Opportunities for confidentialities and privacy for complainants are to be

honored where this is seen as important

Awareness of GRM

GRM should be widely publicized among stakeholder groups such as the affected

Communities, government agencies, and Community organizations. Lack of

knowledge about GRM results in people not approaching and using them, and

they eventually lose the importance and the validity of the purpose for which they

were created. People should also be informed about their options, depending on

the types of complaints, but should not be encouraged to submit false claims.

Criteria for eligibility need to be communicated. An effective awareness campaign



should be launched to give publicity to the roles and functions of the GRM and

should include the following components:

• How complaints can be reported to those GRMs and to whom, e.g., phone, postal

address and email addresses, of the GRMs as well as information that should be

included in a complaint; procedures and time frames for initiating and concluding

the grievance redress process; boundaries and limits of GRMs in handling

grievances; and Roles of different agencies such as project implementers and

funding agencies.

A variety of methods can be adopted for communicating information to the

relevant

Stakeholders:

• Display of posters in public places such as in government offices, project offices,

Community centers, etc.; distribution of brochures;

• P.O BOX number should be established to receive the grievance of the affected

community through mail in all concern agencies

• Community-based organizations; and print and electronic media, including radio.

Implementation of GRM

Stage 1:

When a grievance arises, (Social & Environment/Any) the affected person may

contact directly with the contractor/operator and the project manager to resolve

the issue of concern, if the issue is successfully resolved, no further follow up is

required.

Stage 2:

If no ad hoc solution to be found the affected person/s will submit an oral or written

complaint to the Public Complaint Centre (PCC) by themselves, for an oral

complaint the PCC must make a written record, for each complaint PCC must

investigate the complaint, assess its eligibility and identify an appropriate

solution, it will provide a clear response in five working days to the complainant,

the PCC will instruct the contractor to take corrective action. The PCC will review

the contractor response and undertake additional monitoring, during the

complaint investigation, the PCC will work in close consultation with the

contractors and the supervising engineer (during construction). The contractor

during construction and the IA during operation should convey the outcome to

the PCC within seven working days.



Stage 3:

If no solution can be identified by the PCC or if the complainant is not satisfied

with the suggested solutions under stage 2, the PCC will organize within two

weeks a multi stakeholders meeting under the auspices of the Fata irrigation

department, where all relevant stakeholder (i.e. the complainant, IA,

contractor/operator, relevant local government offices) will be invited. The

meeting should result in solution acceptable to all, and identify responsibility and

action plan.

The contractor during construction and IA during operation should implement the

agreed upon redress solution and convey the outcome to the PCC within seven

working days.

Stage 4;

If the multi stakeholder hearing process is not successful, the PCC will inform

Project Steering Committee (PSC), A project steering committee headed by

additional chief secretary, FATA Secretariat, will provide policy guidelines for

smooth running of the project activities, the Members of PSC include the

secretary, P&D. Secretary finance FATA Secretariat, Director General projects,

FATA Secretariat, Representative of SAFRON Division, Government of Pakistan,

Islamabad, Representative of Planning & Development Division Government of

Pakistan, Islamabad, Political Agents of Khyber, Bajaur, Mohmand Agency and

representatives of all concerned line departments. The Project Director will

participate as PSC member cum Secretary. The PSC will meet at least twice a

year or more frequently, whenever issues requiring resolution are submitted for

its consideration. The PSC will organize special meetings to address the problem

and identify its solution.

Stage 5:

If the affected people are still not satisfied with the reply in stage 4, he or she can

go through local judicial proceedings. i.e. Jirga



Figure 8.1: Proposed GRM



CONCLUSION, FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Findings and Recommendations

The assessment of potential impacts of the proposed Shangade weirs subproject

reveals that this project will generate only minor to moderate adverse

environmental impacts. These adverse impacts will be mostly confined to the

construction works and will be temporary in nature. The predicted adverse

impacts will be minimized and reduced by implementing the prescribed mitigation

measures and will be continually monitored by implementing and updating the

EMP.

The overall finding is that the beneficial gains provided by Irrigation project will

by far exceed the negative impacts – most of them being short-termed and

without major interference to both the bio-physical and human environment. All

mitigation measures proposed in the Environmental Management Plan are

deemed to be appropriate. The Environmental Monitoring Plan represents the

basic verification tool for ensuring the effectiveness of the proposed measures.

It is emphasized that the success of the EMP depends on the respective line

agencies and institutions identified as key players in the implementation of the

EMP. The timely and complete inclusion of the EMP’s compliance clauses in the

Contractor documents is mandatory to ensure the success of all environmental

safeguard measures.

Conclusion

As the project is exclusively an irrigation system, all identified adverse

environmental impacts during the rehabilitation and improvement works of the

project will be of minor to moderate in nature, easily to be mitigated by adequate

implementation of the Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans. Entire

command of the project components does not include any environmentally

sensitive areas. The measures taken to adequately mitigate negative impact in

the construction phase will be the most important task. Implementation of

proposed mitigation measures are deemed to be sufficient for negating the

potentially identified impacts. The supervision of the mitigation measures

provided in the contractor’s documents is the key for completing this project in an

environmentally sound manner.

The final conclusion is that, the project is environmentally safe and socially

acceptable project.

A few, essentially minor, negative residual impacts identified in the Impact

Assessment during the feasibility study design are all unavoidable and there are

no technically or economically feasible alternatives which would remove them

altogether.



ANNEXURES



ANNEX – I Photo log



ANNEX – II Supporting Documents



ANNEX III - National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS)

Table 1: Effluent Discharge Standards (NEQS 2000) Applicable to the Works

Sr. No. Determinant NEQS

1 Temperature 40 OC =≤3 deg. 2 pH 6 – 9

3 BOD5 80 mg/l

4 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 150 mg/l

5 Total Suspended Solid (TSS) 200 mg/l

6 Total Dissolved Solids 3500 mg/l

7 Grease and Oil 10 mg/l

8 Phenolic compounds (as phenol) 0.1 mg/l

9 Ammonia 40 mg/l

10 Chlorine 1.0 mg/l

11 Chloride 1000.0 mg/l

12 Sulphate 600 mg/l

13 Manganese 1.5 mg/l

14 Fluoride 10 mg/l

15 Cyanide (as CN’) total 1.0 mg/l

16 An-ionic detergents (as MB As) 20 mg/l

17 Sulphide (S-2) 1.0 mg/l

18 Pesticides 0.15 mg/l

19 Cadmium 0.1 mg/l

20 Chromium trivalent and hexavalent 1.0 mg/l

21 Copper 1.0 mg/l

22 Lead 0.5 mg/l

23 Mercury 0.01 mg/l

24 Selenium 0.5 mg/l

25 Nickel 1.0 mg/l

26 Silver 1.0 mg/l

27 Total Toxic metals 2.0 mg/l

28 Zinc 5.0 mg/l

29 Arsenic 1.0 mg/l

30 Barium 1.5 mg/l

31 Iron 8.0 mg/l

32 Boron 6.0 mg/l



Table 2: National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) for Gaseous Emission

(mg/Nm3, Unless Otherwise Defined)

Sr.

No. Parameter Source of Emission

Existing

Standards

Revised

Standards

1 2 3 4 5

1. Smoke Smoke Opacity not to exceed 40% or 2

Ringlemann Scale

40% or 2

Ringlemann

Scale or

equivalent smoke

number

2.

Particulate

Matter

(I)

(a) Boilers and Furnaces

(i) Oil fired

(ii) Coal fired

(iii) Cement Kilns

(b) Grinding, crushing, clinker

coolers and Related processes,

Metallurgical Processes,

converter, blast furnaces and

cupolas.

300

500

200

500

300

500

200

500

3. Hydrogen

Chloride Any 400 400

4. Chlorine Any 150 150

5. Hydrogen

Fluoride Any 150 150

6. Hydrogen

Sulphide Any 10 10

7. Sulphur Oxide (2) (3)

Sulfuric acid/ Sulphonic acid

plants

Other plants except power

plants operating on oil and coal

400

1700

8. Carbon

Monoxide Any 800 800

9. Lead Any 50 50

10. Mercury Any 10 10

11. Cadmium Any 20 20

12. Arsenic Any 20 20

13. Copper Any 50 50

14. Antimony Any 20 20

15. Zinc Any 200 200

16.

Oxides of

Nitrogen

(3)

Nitric acid manufacturing unit.

Other plants except power

plants operating on oil or coal:

Gas fired

Oil fired

Coal fired

400

-

-

400

600

1200

Explanations:-

1. Based on the assumption that the size of the particulate is 10 micron or more.

2. Based on 1 percent sulphur content in fuel. Higher content of Sulphur will case standards to be pro-rated.



3. In respect of emissions of sulphur dioxide Nitrogen oxides, the power plants operating on oil and coal as fuel shall in addition to National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) specified above, comply with the following standards.

Table 3: National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS, 2009) for Vehicular

Emission

Sr.

No. Parameter

Standard (Maximum

permissible Limit) Measuring Method Applicability

1 Smoke

40% or 2 on the

Ringlemann Scale during

engine acceleration

mode.

To be compared with

Ringlemann Chart at a distance

of 6 meters or more

Immediate effect

2

Carbon

Monoxide

(CO)

6%

Under idling condition: Non-

dispersive infrared detection

through gas analyzer.

3 Noise 85 dB(A) Sound Meter at 7.5 meters from

the source

Table 4: National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS, 2010) for Noise

Sr.

No.

Category of Area /

Zone

Effective from 1st July,

2010

Effective from 1st July,

2013

Limit in dB (A) Leq*

Daytime Night-time Daytime Night-time

1 Residential Area (A) 65 50 55 45

2 Commercial Area (B) 70 60 65 55

3 Industrial Area (C) 80 75 75 65

4 Silence Zone (D) 55 45 50 45

Note:

1. Daytime hours: 6:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m.

2. Night-time hours: 10:00 p.m. to 6:00 a.m.

3. Silence Zone: Zones which are declared as such by the competent authority. An area comprising not less than 100 meters round hospitals, educational institutions and courts.

4. Mixed categories of areas may be decided as one of the four above mentioned categories by the competent authority.

*dB (A) Leq: Time weighted average of the level of sound in scale “A” which is relatable to human hearing.



Table 5: National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS, 2010) for Drinking

Water

Sr.

No. Properties/Parameters

Standard Values for

Pakistan WHO Standards Remarks

BACTERIAL

1

All water is intended for

drinking (E.Coli or

Thermotolerant Coliform

bacteria)

Must not be

detectable in any

100ml sample

Must not be

detectable in any

100ml sample

Most Asian Countries

also follow WHO

Standards

2

Treated water entering the

distribution system (E.Coli

or Thermotolerant

Coliform and total Coliform

bacteria)

Must not be

detectable in any

100ml sample

Must not be

detectable in any

100ml sample


also follow WHO

Standards

3

Treated water entering the

distribution system (E.Coli

or Thermotolerant

Coliform and total Coliform

bacteria)

Must not be

detectable in any

100ml sample. In

case of large

supplies, where

sufficient samples

are examined, must

not be present in

95% of the samples

taken throughout

any 12-month

period.

Must not be

detectable in any

100ml sample. In

case of large

supplies, where

sufficient samples

are examined,

must not be

present in 95% of

the samples taken

throughout any 12-

month period.


also follow WHO

Standards

PHYSICAL

4 Colour ≤15 TCU ≤15 TCU

5 Taste

Non

Objectionable/

Acceptable

Non

Objectionable/

Acceptable

6 Odour

Non

Objectionable/

Acceptable

Non

Objectionable/

Acceptable

7 Turbidity <5 NTU <5 NTU

8 Total hardness as CaCO3 <500mg/l ---

9 TDS <1000 <1000

10 pH 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5

RADIOACTIVE

11 Alpha Emitters bq/L or pCi 0.1 0.1

12 Beta Emitters 01 01

CHEMICAL

Essential Inorganics mg/litre mg/litre

13 Aluminum (Al) mg/l ≤0.2 0.02

14 Antimony (Sb) ≤0.005 0.02



Sr.

No. Properties/Parameters

Standard Values for

Pakistan WHO Standards Remarks

15 Arsenic (As) ≤0.05 0.01

Standard for Pakistan

similar to most Asian

developing Countries

16 Barium (Ba) 0.7 0.7

17 Boron (B) 0.3 0.3

18 Cadmium (Cd) 0.01 0.003




19 Chloride (Cl) <250 250

20 Chromium (Cr) ≤0.05 0.05

21 Copper (Cu) 2 2

Toxic Inorganics mg/litre mg/litre

22 Cyanide (CN) ≤0.05 0.07




23 Fluoride (F) ≤1.5 1.5

24 Lead (Pb) ≤0.05 0.01




25 Manganese (Mn) ≤0.5 0.5

26 Mercury (Hg) ≤0.001 0.001

27 Nickel (Ni) ≤0.02 0.02

28 Nitrate (NO3) ≤50 50

29 Nitrite (NO2) ≤3 3

30 Selenium (Se) 0.01 0.01

31 Residual Chlorine

0.2-0.5 at

consumer end 0.5-

1.5 at source

---

32 Zinc (Zn) 5.0 3




Organics

33 Pesticides

mg/L ---

PSQCA No. 4629-

2004, Page No.4,

Table No. 3, Serial

No. 20-58 may be

consulted

Annex-II

34 Phenolic Compounds (as

Phenols) mg/L --- ≤0.002

35

Poly nuclear aromatic

hydrocarbons (as PAH)

g/L

0.01 (By GC/MS

method)

***PSQCA: Pakistan Standards Quality Control Authority



Table 6: National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS, 2010) for Ambient Air

Pollutants Time-weighted

average

Concentration in Ambient Air Method of

Measurement Effective from

1st July 2010

Effective from

1st January 2013

Sulphur

Dioxide (SO2)

Annual Average* 80µg/m3 80µg/m3 Ultraviolet

Fluorescence Method 24 hours** 120µg/m3 120µg/m3

Oxides of

Nitrogen as

(NO)

Annual Average* 40µg/m3 40µg/m3 Gas Phase

Chemiluminescence 24 hours** 40µg/m3 40µg/m3

Oxides of

Nitrogen as

(NO2)

Annual Average* 40µg/m3 40µg/m3 Gas Phase

Chemiluminescence 24 hours** 80µg/m3 80µg/m3

Ozone (O3) 1 hour 180µg/m3 130µg/m3 Non disperse UV

absorption method

Suspended

Particulate

Matter (SPM)

Annual Average* 400µg/m3 360µg/m3

High Volume

Sampling, (Average

flow rate not less than

1.1m3/minute)



ANNEX-IV WHO Standards

Ambient Air Quality Standards

Average(24 hrs) CO NOx SO2 PM10 PM2.5

µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3 µg/m3

NEQS 10 80 120 250 35

IFC - - 125 150 75

Noise Levels (For Residential Areas)

Day Time Avg Night Time Avg

NEQS Limits 55 45

IFC/WHO Limit 55 45

Drinking Water Standards

Sr.

NoParameter Unit

WHO

Guidelines NSDWQ Method

1. Total Coliform No./100ml 0/100 ml 0 Culture

2 E Coli No /100ml 0/100 ml 0 Culture

3. Fecal E. Coli No./100ml 0/100 ml 0 Culture

4 pH - 6 5 – 8 5 6 5 – 8 5 Field Test-

5. Temperature 0C - - Field Test-

6. Color TCU <15 <15 US EPA 110.1

7. Taste …. Not Objectionable Not Ob

Taste Panel

8. Odour ouE/m³ Not Objectionable Not Ob

Dilution

9. Turbidity NTU <5 <5 US EPA 160.1

10. Electrical Conductivity µS NA NA Field Test-



Sr.

NoParameter Unit

WHO

Guidelines NSDWQ Method

11. Total Hardness mg/l <500 NA US EPA 130.2

12 TDS mg/l <1000 <1000 US EPA 160.1

13 TSS mg/l NA NA Filtration

14. Ammonia mg/l NA NA US EPA 200.8

15 Arsenic mg/l 0 01 <0 05 US EPA 200.8

16 Iron mg/l NA NA US EPA 200.8

17 Aluminum mg/l - <0 2 US EPA 200.8

18 Sodium mg/l NA NA US EPA 200.8

19 Chloride mg/l NA NA SMEW

20 Sulphate mg/l 0 01 <0 05 SW-846 Test

21 Fluoride mg/l <1 5 <1 5 US EPA 340.1

22 Nitrate mg/l <50 <50 US EPA 352.1

23 Nitrite mg/l 3 3 US EPA 354.1

24 Cadmium mg/l 0 003 0 01 US EPA 200.8

25 Chromium mg/l 0 05 <0 05 US EPA 200.8

26 Copper mg/l 2 0 2 0 US EPA 200.8

27 Manganese mg/l 0 5 <0 5 US EPA 200.8

28 Nickel mg/l 0 02 <0 02 US EPA 200.8

29 Lead mg/l 0 01 <0 05 US EPA 200.8

30 Zinc mg/l 3 0 5 0 US EPA 200.8



ANNEX-V Table of Content Environmental Compliance Monitoring

Monthly Progress Report

CONTENTS OF MONTHLY ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT



CONTENTS

Part I Introduction ..................................................................................................................

Description of the Subprojects…………………………………………….…………….…………….

Environmental Monitoring………….……………………………………………………..……………

Part II Environmental Monitoring ..........................................................................................

Environmental Monitoring Summary.........................................................................................

Environmental Trainings………………………………………………………………………………..

Noise and Vibration ..................................................................................................................

Water Quality ...........................................................................................................................

Air Quality ................................................................................................................................

Flora and Fauna Monitoring .....................................................................................................

Fuel Consumption ....................................................................................................................

Water Consumption .................................................................................................................

Solid Waste Management ……………………………………………………………………………

Part III Environmental Management ......................................................................................

Site Inspections and Audits ......................................................................................................

Non-Compliances Notices, Corrective Action Plans .................................................................

Table

Table-I Oustanding Issues .......................................................................................................

Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………………………..

Annexure

Weekly Monitoring Checklist



ANNEX-VI Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist

The projects are screened through Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) checklist

to determine environmental categorization. The environmental and social rapid

screening depicts that:

(i) the subproject will not require any land acquisition;

(ii) the subproject will not involve any involuntary resettlement; and

(iii) the subproject does not fall in any protected area.

Screening Questions Yes No Remarks

A PROJECT SITING

IS THE PROJECT AREA ADJACENT TO OR WITHIN ANY OF

THE FOLLOWING ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS?

PROTECTED AREA

WETLAND

MANGROVE

ESTUARINE

BUFFER ZONE OF PROTECTED AREA

SPECIAL AREA FOR PROTECTING BIODIVERSITY

B POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

WILL THE PROJECT CAUSE…

loss of precious ecological values (e.g. result of encroachment into forests/swamplands or historical/cultural buildings/areas, disruption of hydrology of natural waterways, regional flooding, and drainage hazards)?

conflicts in water supply rights and related social conflicts?

impediments to movements of people and animals?

potential ecological problems due to increased soil erosion and siltation, leading to decreased stream capacity?

Insufficient drainage leading to salinity intrusion

Over pumping of groundwater, leading to salinization and ground subsidence?

Limited use of water for sub-project activities which will not be significant

Impairment of downstream water quality and therefore, impairment of downstream beneficial uses of water?

Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people?

No dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people will occur

Disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups?

Potential social conflicts arising from land tenure and land use issues?

No land acquisition will be required

Soil erosion before compaction and lining of canals? N.A

Noise from construction equipment?

It will be managed through mitigation measures and will be documented in EMP




dust during construction?

It has moderate Impact for labors during construction, but It will be managed by water sprinkling and wet earth. Dust generated will be managed through sound planning and good management practices with implementation of EMP

Waterlogging and soil salinization due to inadequate drainage and farm management?

Leaching of soil nutrients and changes in soil characteristics due to excessive application of irrigation water?

Reduction of downstream water supply during peak seasons?

Soil pollution, polluted farm runoff and groundwater, and public health risks due to excessive application of fertilizers and pesticides?

Soil erosion (furrow, surface)?

Scouring of canals?

Clogging of canals by sediments?

Clogging of canals by weeds?

Seawater intrusion into downstream freshwater systems?

Introduction of increase in incidence of waterborne or water related diseases?

Dangers to a safe and healthy working environment due to physical, chemical and biological hazards during project construction and operation?

The subproject does not have usage of any hazardous chemicals during construction. However, health and safety measures for laborers will be taken to implement HSE Plan that will be developed and documented in EMP

Large population influx during project construction and operation that causes increased burden on social infrastructure and services (such as water supply and sanitation systems)?

Local people will be employed as much as possible from close by villages/ towns and the same will be documented in EMP

Social conflicts if workers from other regions or countries are hired?

Priority will be given to local for employment and the same will be documented in EMP

Risks to community health and safety due to the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during construction and operation?

Earth work will not lead to any risk for community during construction time, however, Health and safety Plan and Emergency response procedures will be prepared and implemented. The same will be documented in EMP.

Community safety risks due to both accidental and natural hazards, especially where the structural elements or components of the project (e.g., irrigation dams) are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning?

Safety measures for community will be taken to avoid any risk and consequence. It will be documented in EMP. However, it has major positive impact, because the construction of the new weir will save community/infrastructure from flood threat if any.

Climate Change and Disaster Risk Questions The following questions are not for environmental categorization. They are included in this checklist to help identify potential climate and disaster risks.

Yes No Remarks




• Is the Project area subject to hazards such as earthquakes, floods, landslides, tropical cyclone winds, storm surges, tsunami or volcanic eruptions and climate changes?

Could changes in temperature, precipitation, or extreme events patterns over the Project lifespan affect technical or financial sustainability (e.g., increased glacial melt affect delivery volumes of irrigated water; sea level rise increases salinity gradient such that source water cannot be used for some or all of the year)?

Are there any demographic or socio-economic aspects of the Project area that are already vulnerable (e.g., high incidence of marginalized populations, rural-urban migrants, illegal settlements, ethnic minorities, women or children)?

Could the Project potentially increase the climate or disaster vulnerability of the surrounding area (e.g., by diverting water in rivers that further increases salinity upstream, or encouraging settlement in earthquake zones)?

Note: Hazards are potentially damaging physical events.

Initial Environmental Examination Report - 47021-002 ...

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