Impact of Digital Technology on Young Generation: A Sociological Study

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RESEARCH MONOGRAM:

THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY ON YOUNG

GENERATION: A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE STUDENTS OF

JAGANNATH UNIVERSITY, DHAKA.

Course Title:- Research Monograph

Course Code:- 4203

Supervisor

Shamoli Shill

Assistant Professor

Department of Sociology

Jagannath University

Dhaka:- 1100

Research By:

Md. Jahangir Hosain


3rd Batch 8th Semester

Roll No:- 07881751

Reg. No:- 070099


Dhaka- 1100

JAGANNATH UNIVERSITY

DEPARTAMENT OF SOCIOLOGY

DHAKA, BANGLADESH.

Date of Publication:- October 07, 2012.

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Approval of Supervisor

………………………………..

Shamoli Shill

Assistant Professor



Dhaka:-1100

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RESEARCH MONOGRAPH:

THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY ON YOUNG GENERATION: A

SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE STUDENTS OF JAGANNATH UNIVERSITY,

DHAKA.

Abstract

This Monogram presents a systematic and complete agenda to study the impact of digital

technology on young generation. This agenda will allow us not only to properly detect

technology’s impact but also fully understand its consequences on young generation. This

monogram will help to properly understand uses and effectiveness of various kinds of

modern technologies such as Satellite Television (STV), Personal Computers (PCs),

Multimedia Mobile Phone (MMP), Laptop, I-pod, FM Radio (FM) and Internet etc. in their

daily activities. It will help to know the present technological dependency of young

generation and how much effective to their education. This monograph also will help to

clearly understand how much time the university students spend by engaging with various

kinds of digital technologies.

The recent and rapid increase of Internet culture and new communications technologies is

one of the most important facets of changes in contemporary social life. Understanding the

multiple and complex nature of these changes is an important sociological question. This

paper uses both quantitative and qualitative data collected through directly participating on

the field gained through face-to-face interviews conducted with university students to explore

the ways in which Internet culture and digital socialization affect youth relationships and

sociability. Previous research has suggested that the pervasive and intensive use of Internet in

education, communication and entertainment may be leading to decreasing face-to-face

interaction among youth. Other research focuses on how technology may also expand and

transform sociability by allowing people to communicate with a wider and more diverse

network of people. Due to the contradictory findings about the consequences of widespread

use of technology among youth, the goal of this research is to explore the depth of the effects

digital technology which has direct impact on youth relationships, sociability, connectivity,

and identity formation.

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Abbreviations and Acronyms:-

DT : Digital Technology

BTRC : Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission

CT : Communication Technology

PCs : Personal Computers

ICT : Information and Communication Technology

ITU : International Telecommunication Union

MMP : Multimedia Mobile Phone

MP4 : Moving Picture Expert Group-4

MP3 : Moving Picture Experts Group-3 Audio

FM : Frequency Modulation

STV : Satellite Television

DV : Digital Video

LC : Laptop Computer

DC : Digital Camera

GoB : Government of Bangladesh

MDG : Millennium Development Goal

CSOs : Civil Society Organizations

ICT4D : Information and Communication Technology for

Development

MMS : Mass Line Media Centre

BBC : British Broad Casting Corporation

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Contents

Abstract I

Acknowledgement II

Abbreviation and Acronyms III

Chapter 1: Introduction 1

1.1 Introduction 2-3 1.2 Statement of the problem 4-7 1.3 Rationale of the study 8-9 1.4 Objectives of the study 10 1.5 Operational definition of the key concepts 11-12 1.6 Limitations of the study 13

Chapter-2: Historical Background

2.1Technology in Bangladesh 15

2.2 Mobile Phone Subscriber in Bangladesh 16

2.3 Telecommunications and Internet use and trends

in Bangladesh 17

2.4 The Internet in Bangladesh 18

2.5 Face-book in Bangladesh 19

2.6 Satellite Television in Bangladesh

2.7 Impact of Digital Technology 20-22

Chapter 3: Literature Review 2.1 Review of the relevant Literature 24-29

Chapter 4: Theoretical Perspective 31-39

Chapter 5: Methodology 40

5.1 Analytical Framework 41 a. Operational Definition

5.2 Study Area 41 5.3 Sample Design 41

a. Area Selection 42 b. Respondent Selection

5.4Time Schedule 43 5.5 Data Collection Procedure 43

a. Quantitative (Social Survey Method) b. Qualitative (Case Study)

5.6 Data Processing 43

5.7 Data Analysis 44

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Chapter 6: Findings of the Quantitative and Qualitative study 45-73 Quantitative Data 45-71 Qualitative Data 72-73

Chapter 7: Analysis of the Findings 7.1 Quantitative 56-83 7.2 Qualitative 84-85

Chapter 8: Conclusion 8.1 Summary 8.2 Recommendation

References Appendices Appendices 1: Interview Schedule Appendices 2: Check List for in-depth Interview Books Journal Others

List of Table

Table-1: Percentage distribution of the respondents by sex.

Table-2: Percentage distribution of the respondents by age

Table-3: Percentage distribution of the respondents by religion.

Table-4: Percentage distribution of the respondents by Mobile Phone User.

Table-5: Percentage distribution of the respondents by types of mobile.

Table-6: Percentage distribution of the respondents by types of uses.

Table-7: Percentage distribution of the respondents by spending time on mobile phone in

various ways.

Table-8: Percentage distribution of the respondents by spending money in mobile phone.

Table-9: Percentage distribution of the respondents by having personal computer.

Table-10: Percentage distribution of the respondents by types of computer.

Table-11:- Percentage distribution of the respondents by access to computer.

Table-12:- Percentage distribution of the respondents by access level to computer (both

desktop and laptop).

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Table-13:- Percentage distribution of the respondents by types of uses.

Table-14:- Percentage distribution of the respondents by uses of computer.

Table-15: Percentage distribution of the respondents by using Internet.

Table-16:- Percentage distribution of the respondents by types of using Internet.

Table-17:- Percentage distribution of the respondents by Internet access level.

Table-18:- Percentage distribution of the respondents by spending time in Internet.

Table-19:- Percentage distribution of the respondents by spends money in Internet monthly.

Table-20: Percentage distribution of the respondents by access to digital TV at home.

Table-21: Percentage distribution of the respondents by TV viewer.

Table-22:- Percentage distribution of the respondents by digital TV access level

Table-23:- Percentage distribution of the respondents by watching programs.

Table-24:- Percentage distribution of the respondents by usefulness of digital technology in

higher education.

Table-25:- Percentage distribution of the respondents by usefulness of technology.

Table-26: Percentage distribution of the respondents who agree or disagree with the

following statement.

Table-27: Percentage distribution of the respondents by their opinion to technology.

Table-28: Percentage distribution of the respondents by opinion.

Table-29: Percentage distribution of the respondents by opinion

Table-30: Percentage distribution of the respondents by the opinion “Technology helps to get

part time job opportunity.”

Table-31: Percentage distribution of the respondents by liking and disliking of Chinese and Native

food.

Table-32: Percentage of the respondents by liking and disliking of dress

Table-33:- Percentage distribution of the respondents by spending their leisure time

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Table-34:- Opinion of the respondents on the point of view “I can’t imagine going without

technology.”

Table-35:- Opinion of the respondents on the point of view “Technology takes up almost all

my pastime.”

List of Charts:

Chart-1: Pie- chart.



Chart-4: histogram.

Chart-5: histogram.

Chart-6: Pie- chart

Chart-7: histogram.

Chart-8: histogram.

Chart-9: Pie- chart

Chart-10: Bar-diagram.






Chart-16: Pie- chart

Chart-17: Pie- chart

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Acknowledgement:

I am heavily indebted to all of those who contributed and helped me to my study, its

preparation and execution. To the many friends and classmates who collaborated to drive and

finally to print this research properly.

I am especially indebted to my Supervisor Shamoli Shill for his outstanding guidance, candid

feedback, directives and scholarly opinion. She helps me in various ways like by giving

perfect instruction, advise, counsel and encourage, and formulation system of a proper

monograph. She lent me her valuable time and knowledge to this research. Her restless effort

to help me for more and more clarification was empowered me to get into this study

straightforwardly.

Other professors of the department of sociology also eagerly encouraged me to perform this

research in a proper and more fashionable way. Ashek Mahmud Sir made my research easy

by suggesting me to narrow down my research theoretical framework. I have got a pleasant

opportunity to consult my research monograph with Aminul Islam Sir. Moniruzzaman Khan

.I sincerely thanks to the chairmen of the Department of Sociology. I am very thankful to all

of my teachers who help me to my academic career from 1st semester to final semester and

finally to drive this research monograph properly.

My classmates and friends helped me to illustrate the report at the end of the day. Other than

those scholarly personnel, my family did a lot of sacrifice for me to let me enjoy my research.

I also thanked those who provided helpful and thought-provoking comments to our various

discussions. The realization of this report has benefited from information, insight, advice,

feedback and support from many who are not mentioned here, but appreciated all the same.

Finally, I thanked to the Department of Sociology for giving opportunity to drive and new

acquire knowledge of research monograph. I think it will help to build up my academic career

in the long term.

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1.1. Introduction

1.2. Statement of the problem

1.3. Rationale of the study

1.4. Objectives of the study

1.5. Operational definition of the key concept

1.6. Limitations of the study

Chapter-1

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1.1. Introduction There has been a rapid increase in the use of digital technology within Bangladeshi peoples in

the last decade. The Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC) has

recorded that mobile phone users in the country reached a total of 86.56 million at the end of

December 2011, an annual increase of 31% according to the watchdog’s calculations.

According to ITU total internet users in Bangladesh up-to December, 2011 were 5,570,535

which was the 3.5% of the total population. With the increasing demand of modern

technology Bangladesh is progressing day by day.

Thus, the overall scenario of Bangladesh in using modern technology is significantly

difference from the past. Every things of modern technology is increasingly used in

Bangladesh. As a result Bangladesh is progressing day by day in technology sector.

Technology must be needed to develop any community or country that means the

development of any country mostly dependent on modern technology. At present it is totally

impossible to imagine a day without technology. But every technology has some functions

and dysfunctions which are mostly affect to the overall development of a country. Modern

technologies like mobile, telephone, television computer, internet, FM radio etc. have some

functions and dysfunctions to the individual, family, community or country. Perceiving this

situation I am eager to understand the technological effect on an individual. And for this

necessity I think I should prefer a case study to conceive briefly.

The modern era is the period of technological development and progress. At present

technology heavily influenced the people and their daily life. Digital technology greatly

effects on human mind and activities. The concept of digital technologies also addresses the

reality that the young enhance their learning informally, by teaching themselves how to use

and apply the technologies and formally under guidance of teachers. However the other

reality is that the youth of the developed world use the suite of digital technologies far more

outside the formal teaching situation than within (Lee and Winzenried, 2009). The arrival of

new technologies, FM Radio, Personal computer (PCs), CD-Rom, Internet, Web, I-Pod,

Multimedia Mobile phone etc. changes in web-based technology have made it far easier for

individuals to publish access and share information globally. The rise of more accessible and

easy-to-use technologies are allowing employees to voice their opinions and become more

involved in communication and decision making.

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Digital technology encompasses various kinds of technologies such as digital TV, personal

computer, Laptop, Internet and I-pod. These technologies heavily influence of all age’s

people especially young generation. Young generation especially mostly uses these

technologies and naturally they influenced very much. At present young generation use

technology in their daily and educational activities.

In Bangladesh the uses of different digital technologies are increasing very rapidly and

drastically. The Internet was introduced in Bangladesh in 1996 - the number of Internet users

has since increased multifold, at its present rate it is expected that by the end of this year

about a half a million of people will have access to Internet. Bangladesh tops the list of other

Least Developed Countries (LDCs) in personal computer and Internet subscriber trends

between 1997 and 2002. The greatest numbers of PCs are in Bangladesh, Senegal and Sudan

with an estimated 450,000, 200,000 and 200,000 respectively. And in 2011 total number of

Internet users in Bangladesh is 55, 01,609 which is 3.5% of the total population.

Computers have revolutionized the way documents are generated. Similarly, information

technology is bound to revolutionize the way people exchange information and documents.

Information Technology (IT) encompasses many technologies such as computers, software,

networks and even telephones and mobile phones. The purpose of IT is to facilitate the

exchange and management of information and has a lot of potentials for the information

process component of the construction industry. These recent technologies will undoubtedly

have a profound impact on how organizations operate on a daily basis.

Technology has both negative and positive impact on young generation. At present young

generation especially students much depend on technology in various ways. Mobile is the

most influential technology of the modern age. Most of the university students use

multimedia mobile phone, Internet, laptop and facebook. These influence them very much in

liking and disliking, activities, study, relationship, and sociability etc.

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1.2. Statement of the problem

The Development of Digital Technologies

Over the past two decades we have witnessed rapid developments and advances in hardware

(personal computers, mobile phones, digital camera, voice and video recorder, industrial

equipments etc.) various software (search software, office maintenance software, graphic

manipulation software, etc.) networks (Broad Band Internet Access, Wireless Internet

Modem and mobile telephone) and a lot of mobile SIM operators (Grameen Phone,

Banglalink, Citycell, Telletalk, Airtel, and Actel etc.). The costs of basic digital

hardware/software have been stabilizing while their power has been increasing, putting basic

digital hardware and software within the financial reach of many artists. These developments

were heavily influenced by the economic and social conditions in which they took place,

which means that some will continue while others are likely to be challenged or reversed.

The emergence of digital technology like mobile phone, digital television, computer, Internet

etc. has affected our lives in many ways, from how we receive our daily news to the quality

of our mass media entertainment and the ways we conduct our personal communications. The

digital age that we are now growing into has the ability to change how people communicate

with others. Today’s University students are at the forefront of the technological advances

that are before them. The technology has direct or in direct effect on all age’s people this

effects is more on young generation especially on University students because of their

increasing uses of digital technology. University students are mostly depends on technology

for their educational activities.

The introduction of digital technology results in radical changes in the societal framework for

playing and learning for the young generation, and in the making of their lifestyle. The point

has been made that technological development will change our conditions of life (Lundin and

Akesson 1999) and even our mental development so that in the future new generations may

be more able to transcend borders – physical and mental. The project aims at getting insight

into the lifestyle of this group of young people and knowledge about how they construct a

new youth culture that is related to and even based on digital technology.

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The digital technology includes digital TV, computer, digital camera, digital video, Internet,

satellite TV, digital photograph, mobile phone, laptop, I-pod etc. The ability to share digital

photographs, videos, and music is the advantage of the digital revolution. The ability to

digitize images, films, and songs and to stream them instantly across the Internet, through e-

mail and by text, has created a universal dialogue. It has closed the distance between far-

away friends and family members. The ambitions of my project are above all to obtain new

knowledge based on empirical material.

At present the use of digital technology has been completely normalized by this generation,

and it is now fully integrated into their daily lives. The majority of young people simply use

new media as to make their lives easier, strengthening their existing friendship cutworks

rather than widening them. Almost all are now also involved in creative production, from

uploading and editing photos to building and maintaining websites. However, we discovered

a gap between a smaller group of digital pioneers engaged in groundbreaking activities and

the majority of children who rarely strayed into this category.

Social networking sites were once used by small elite, but now widely used by many and

have become the subject of popular culture, public interest, and political debate (Kollock

&Smith, 1999/2005). The Internet is being used to connect people in many different ways.

The characteristics of interaction, communication, and coordination are different in online

than when people meet face-to-face.

Society has become more and more dependent on technology. So much so that we sometimes

lack the willingness to think before we act. We become impatient if it takes more than a few

seconds to download a copy of the morning news paper. We expect immediate responses to

our email, and we expect someone to answer their cell phone whenever and wherever we call.

“Industrialization resulted in rapid and sustained economic growth and a massive increase in

consumer goods. But at the same time, for many people it meant a thoroughly unpleasant

work environment.”

Using network communication such as online chat, social networking sites such as Myspace

and Facebook, e-mail, even text messaging creates a shift in interactions among people to be

practical and more convenient (Kollock &Smith, 1999/2005). It is the advancement in

computer technology and the shift in communication that brings attention to the changing

individual relationships that college undergraduate’s experience. Much previous research has

studied the interactivity, interaction, and collaboration among college undergraduates

(Selwyn, 2007). This research has shown that with the growing power of the Internet, college

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students are turned on by the convenience of the Internet’s speed, display of availability

information, and support for multiple conversations (Quan-Hause, 2008, ;. 105).

At the learner evil the cognitive resources that learners bring to their learning has profound

effects on whether their experiences will prove fruitful or not (Diamond, 2007; Gathercole,

2008). Many low and under-achievers have weak basic cognitive skills and are not prepared

for the act of learning; that is, some children are ill-equipped for school.

In seeking to integrate technology into education, it is important to identify the technological

trends and the challenges in the short and medium term. The 2009 Horizon Report (Johnson;

2009) envisages the six emerging technologies or practices that are likely to enter mainstream

within five years. These are:

Mobile technologies are currently establishing themselves in schools while

cloud computing is already a part of higher education.

Early adopters are already looking to use gec-coded data and personal webs.

The former are central to satellite navigation systems but are entering the

classroom through applications such as Google Earth. Students are now able to

location and date-stamp their own images.

Two technologies yet to have an educational context. These technologies have

the potential to change educational practice, just as they are changing the

world of work, but many of these technologies represent challenges to staff

expertise and practice.

Extensive use of media is an essential element of life primarily among the young. Hence the

globalization of culture is above all discernible for this segment of the population. The

globalization id intensified when more and more households get wired. And within the

households it is above all the young that are Internet users.

Every generation is marked by the medium domination their adolescence. To young people

the recent multimedia machines with the Internet may be characterized as a cool medium

rather than a hot (to use MeLuhn’s terms). A change in the attitude towards the media in the

generations is observed; a transformation from broadcast to interactive mentality. (Marshall

McLuhan 1964: Understanding Media)

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The development of the Internet is to a certain degree directed by the users, and by their

wishes and visions. In the theory of the school of “Social Construction of Technology”

(SCOT) the view of the actor is central, and so is the idea that the users of technology often

act as agents of technological change (Williams and Edge 1996, Pinch and Bijker 1984, Kline

and Pingh 1996). The users may turn the technology into a means for the construction of

identity and the formation of social relations.

The invention of the television has brought all forms of entertainment into our houses with

video and audio combined. Before 1950, newspapers and radio were the only ways to bring

media or entertainment into the house. Mass production and other job opportunities brought

many people from the rural areas and farms into the city. Society is more reliant on

technology than ever before. While technologies have their advantages there is a negative

effect to all this technology as well. Technology can actually harm society rather then help it.

Competition between companies or even cities can sometimes make our lives for even worse.

When a city builds more roads to attract tourists, the result is more traffic, not less. Even

things we take for granted such as the automobile have negative effect on us. Because the

automobiles cause pollution and that can surely harm us slowly.

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1.3 Rationale of the study

The present age is the era of technological progress and advancement. Technological

advancement has expedited to the developed life style of human. As a result of this

advancement or changes especially emerging of digital technology man has become more

advanced and rational and their life style changes very rapidly and has become easier than

past but technology centered or based. Every aspect of human life is closely related to digital

technology like Digital camera, Digital Video, Internet, Satellite TV, Digital Photography,

Personal Computer, Laptop, Multi-media Mobile Phone etc. it is decided to concentrate on

digital technologies as they have had by far the greatest impact on all age’s people especially

on young generation.

Now it is impossible to spend any single day without technology for all kind of people

especially young generation. Every day it is becoming more develop and modern than

existing in the past. Significantly, the study proposed, to seek how technological advances in

communication particularly social networking sites, affect the university students’ individual

and mutual relationships, tendency of using technology, daily life, educational activities and

above all their social life. It is still a relatively new area of research, considering new social

networking sites and communication technologies continue to advance and especially in

using digital technologies like Internet, Laptop, Mobile Phone, Digital Television etc.

The studies that have been done previously only focused on the early social networking sites

such as Facebook and Internet, and the researchers were primarily concerned with how much

time was spent on the sites and their reason for using social networking sites. Even though

communication technologies and social networking sites continue to grow and change, the

findings of this research will be significant because they will help to understand how

university students communicate between family and friends in a new era of technology.

With more and more young adults going off to university they are seeking new ways to keep

connected with friends and family and the impact of digital technology on their daily life.

The research will show whether or not digital technology done directly affects individual

relationship, education, communication, liking and disliking, determine goal of the young

generation. Computer was created and designed to help the people in easy way of living.

Now-a-days the whole world progress on the basis of computer. The young generation mostly

uses computer, laptop, multimedia mobile phone etc.

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Generally University students mostly use digital technology. They are connected with various

kinds of digital technologies almost whole day long by getting different technological

opportunities. Basically they have mostly influenced by various digital technology. There are

some powerful myths that inform the way people think about youth culture. Therefore, it is

highly needed to study the impact of digital technology on the young generation in the

context of changing situation of technology and modern age.

The main objective of the report is to provide an overview of current technological impact on

the students especially on young generation in order to inform how changes in using and

choosing technology the present young generation is difference from the past and their

dependency to various kinds of digital technologies.

For these perspectives, I can say that my topic is perfect to be studied in the present context

of Bangladesh.

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1.4 Objectives of the study

Every research study has must some objectives by which the study could be search its

absolute pathways. So, there is a broad and some specific objectives in my study.

Broad Objective:

The most influential and broad objective of this research is to know the impact of digital

technology on the Young Generation.

Specific Objectives:

To know whether digital technology is helpful to higher education.

To identify the dependency of Young Generation on digital technology.

To know how Young Generation engage into digital technology.

To identify the impact of digital technology on cultural life of Young

Generation.

The project is intended to address the following key questions:

What opportunities and challenges is the digital technology creating for young

generation especially for higher educated young people?

How does the digital technology influence to education and daily activities of the

young generation?

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1.4 Operational definition of the key concept

This research is about the use of Digital Technology and its impact on young generation. For

the purpose of this research the term Digital Technology includes technologies such as

satellite TV, computer, the Internet, and the mobile phone.

Digital:- Digital is most commonly used in computing and electronics, especially where real

world information is converted to a digital format as in digital audio, digital video and digital

technology. This is the first generation to grow up digital —coming of age in a world where

computers, the Internet, video games, and cell phones are common, and where expressing

themselves through these tools is the norm. In this report, digital means the ultra modern

instruments which are related to technologies.

Technology: - Generally, Technology is the use of scientific knowledge to solve practical

problems, especially in industry and commerce. Technology is the making, modification,

usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems, methods of

organization, in order to solve a problem. Richard T. Schaefer (2007 P: 472) said in his

famous book “Sociology” Technology is cultural information about how to use the material

resources of the environment to satisfy human needs and desires. In my research, I mean

technology as the use of scientific knowledge to solve practical and educational problems by

the young generation.

Digital Technology: - Digital technology examines how the digital revolution is progressing.

From the basics of digitizing information of all kinds to explaining how digital-based

technologies work, this title looks at whether this explosion of instant information will be

helpful or will invade our privacy and security. Generally, Digital technology means such

technologies which are used to solve various problems and these are the most important

medium of recreation and pleasure. Technically, a book is a form of digital technology.

Today, most people use the term “digital” to refer to computer technology, which uses a

binary language of 1s and 0s. In my research, I describe digital technologies as “technologies

that allow information and processes to be created and stored in digital form, with the

possibility of distribution over electronic networks.” Digital technologies include

technologies such as FM Radio, Internet, Personal Computer, Mobile, Digital Television,

Web and I-Pod etc. which are popularly used by young generation especially the students of

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Jagannath University. And those technologies have a direct impact on the daily activities of

the students.

Young Generation:- Jonathan Fanton, President of MacArthur Foundation said about young

generation that this is the first generation to grow up digital —coming of age in a world

where computers, the Internet, video games, and cell phones are common, and where

expressing themselves through these tools is the norm. Generally, Young generation means

the people whose age is between 18 to 35 years but in my study I mean young generation

whose age is between 18 to 27 years.

Impact:-Dictionary definition of the word “impact” is that the powerful effect of something

on somebody it may be positive or negative. Changing pattern of technology and I mean the

impact on young generation.

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1.5. Limitations of the study

Every research attempt has to face some problems. I am also facing some problems during

the course of my study but I have overcome those problems and capable to prepared my

research monograph. It is best to recognize these limitations rather than to pretend that these

limitations do not exist. I must admit that my research has also some limitations in some

cases. It may start with experience, time, budget, data analysis, selection of the sample, data

collection and data presentation. I am frank and fair to mention any unprecedented or

situational factors that I might encounter during the execution of my study.

Experience is very important to make a successful and effective research. As I am quite a

new researcher in conducting social research so my research may have some limitations. The

main limitations of my research are budget, man power and time. So I have decided to limit

my research area within Jagannath University Campus. For this reason the findings of the

research will not represent a generalized result. Moreover, as I am quite a new researcher

that’s why there will have some limitations and this is the natural. Besides for the cause of

insufficient time and insufficient money I did not do my monograph properly.

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2.1 Technology in Bangladesh

2.2 Mobile Phone Subscriber in Bangladesh

2.3 Telecommunications and Internet use and trends

in Bangladesh

2.4 Computer in Bangladesh

2.5 The Internet in Bangladesh

2.6 Face-book in Bangladesh

2.7 Satellite Television in Bangladesh

2.8 Technologies Used by the Young Generation

Chapter-2

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2.1 Technology in Bangladesh

Bangladesh is a developing country situated in South-East Asia. Technology sector is

progressing in here very rapidly. And the user of various kinds of digital technology is also

increasing very swiftly and fast. There are various kinds of modern technology used in

Bangladesh. These are likely Computer, Mobile phone, Multimedia Mobile phone, Desktop

Computer, Laptop, and the Internet. Bangladesh is progressing day by day in the technology

sector. The present Prime minister Sheikh Hasina has given an influential importance and

declared to build up Digital Bangladesh.

Bangladesh Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Minister Syed Abul Husain

said the country has earned US$ 31 million in fiscal 2009-10 and US$ 27 million in fiscal

2010-11 against the export of software in the world market. At present Bangladesh is

exporting software to 30 countries including Europe, America, Canada, Denmark, Japan,

Australia and South Asia, he said. Maximum works are technical. About the works he said,

60 percent revenues of oDesk come from software development, while the rest are from

search engine optimisation, data entry, market research and translations with a wide range of

non-technical jobs. Mott Cooper. Cooper said 30 percent of Bangladeshi contractors work for

search engine optimisation, while 12 percent for data entry, 8 percent for software

development and 6 percent for web research. Beyond that, a large segment of works is non-

technical, he said. Bangladesh is competing with India, Pakistan and some eastern European

countries. He said “It definitely indicates the higher quality of the Bangladeshi freelancers,”

2.2 Mobile Phone Subscribers in Bangladesh

Mobile phone technology is another important digital tool and plays a key role in the life of

young people in Bangladesh. According to the Bangladesh Telecommunications Regulatory

Commission (BTRC) mobile phone subscriber was around 22 million at the end of 2006. The

number of mobile phone users has reached at 95.528 million at the end of August 2012, in

Bangladesh with a new addition of 1.39 million, (BBN Report-2012). Due to rapid

advancement in broadband and mobile phone technology, the mobile phone industry has

been constantly launching new features within mobile phones, tempting young people to buy

them. It is now very common to see mobile phones carrying Internet-based technological

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tools, adding to the capacity for younger Australians to be the primary users of Internet

technology.

The number of mobile phone users has reached at 95.528 million at the end of August 2012,

in Bangladesh with a new addition of 1.39 million, (BBN Report-2012).

The Mobile Phone subscribers in Bangladesh are shown below:

Operators Active Subscribers in Million Grameen Phone Ltd. (GP) 39.803 Orascom Telecom Bangladesh Limited (Banglalink)

25.743

Robi Axiata Limited (Robi) 20.144 Airtel Bangladesh Limited (Airtel) 6.784 Pacific Bangladesh Telecom Limited (Citycell)

1.683

Teletalk Bangladesh Ltd. (Teletalk) 1.367 Total 95.528

Sources:- BTRC (2012) (The above subscribers' numbers are declared by the mobile

operators)

There are six mobile phone operator in Bangladesh namely- Grameen Phone Ltd. (GP),

Orascom Telecom Bangladesh Limited (Banglalink), Robi Axiata Limited (Robi), Airtel

Bangladesh Limited (Airtel), Pacific Bangladesh Telecom Limited (Citycell), and Teletalk

Bangladesh Ltd. (Teletalk). Grameen Phone was the first operator to adopt a mass-market,

low-tariff strategy and by the end of 2003, had quickly built a subscriber base of telephone

users reaching 1million. At present most mobile phone subscriber use Grameen Phone.

Access to the Internet and mobile phone technologies have had wide social and economic

effects on young people (Warden et al, 2004; Child net International, 2006). While these

modern technologies assist young people to be connected with their peer groups quickly and

establish strong social support networks, they also pose some serious challenges to young

people’s security and wellbeing.

Mobile phones provide further challenges posed by the Internet. Due to access to the Internet

via mobile phones has increased. The portability of Internet tools through mobile phones has

significantly increased the exposure of children to unwanted materials on the Internet, such as

pornography, sexual chat and commercial online chat services.

27

2.3Telecommunications and Internet use and trends in Bangladesh

The Internet was introduced in Bangladesh in 1996 - the number of Internet users has since

increased multifold, at its present rate it is expected that by the end of this year about a half a

million of people will have access to Internet. Bangladesh tops the list of other Least

Developed Countries (LDCs) in personal computer and Internet subscriber trends between

1997 and 2002. The greatest numbers of PCs are in Bangladesh, Senegal and Sudan with an

estimated 450,000, 200,000 and 200,000 respectively. The Internet subscriber-base increase

in LDCs compares favorably with growth rates in the developed world, with Bangladesh,

Senegal, Togo, Uganda and Yemen at the top of the list.

The number of people with access to the Internet and mobile networks has been increasing

and the reach of networks is expanding beyond developed nations, although a digital divide

still remains in Canada, especially in the North and rural communities. The estimated global

population of Internet users in June, 2010 was 1.97 billion. The population of Bangladesh ranks

seventh in the world, but its land area is ranked ninety-fourth, making it one of the most densely

populated countries in the world.

Table No 1: Internet Usage and Population Statistics in Bangladesh:

Year Total Users Total Populations

Percentage of Users %

Per Capita GDP in $

Usages Sources

2000 1,00000 134,824,000 0.1 % N/A ITU

2007 450,000 137,493,990 0.3 % US$ 466 ITU

2009 556,000 156,050,883 0.4 % US$ 574 ITU

2010 617,300 158,065,841 0.4 % US$ 624 ITU

2011 55,01,609 158,570,535 3.5 % US$ 700 ITU

Source: International Monetary Fund. Per Capita GDP in US dollars,

Facebook has affected the social life and activity of people in various ways. With its

availability on many mobile devices, Facebook allows users to continuously stay in touch

with friends, relatives and other acquaintances wherever they are in the world, as long as

there is access to the Internet.

Facebook monitoring helps to improve business and social media marketing strategy in every

country. Currently, there are 28, 41,160 Facebook users in the Bangladesh.

Table: Total number of Facebook Users in

Source: Socialbakers

Our social networking statistics show that

compared to the country's population and 460.26% in relation to number of Internet users.

The total number of FB users in Bangladesh is reaching 28

20,480 in the last 6 months.

Chart: Percentage of male and female Facebook users in Bangladesh.

There are 78% male users and 22% female users in Bangladesh. In Bangladesh male FB is

very high.

Facebook was blocked by the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission

(BTRC) for 7 days starting on 29 May 2010 because of "obnoxious images", including

depictions of Mohammed and several of the country's political officials as well as links to

pornographic sites. The block was lifted after Facebook agreed to remove the offensive

content. During the same period a 30

charges of uploading satiric images of some political leaders on Facebook.

Year Total

Facebook

Users

2011 28,41,160

2012 29,87,820

28

: Total number of Facebook Users in Bangladesh

Our social networking statistics show that Facebook penetration in Bangladesh is 1.80%


The total number of FB users in Bangladesh is reaching 28, 41,160 and grew by more than 3

Chart: Percentage of male and female Facebook users in Bangladesh.



for 7 days starting on 29 May 2010 because of "obnoxious images", including



ontent. During the same period a 30-year-old man was arrested in the Bangladeshi capital on

charges of uploading satiric images of some political leaders on Facebook.

Total

Facebook

Users

Position in

the list

Penetration of

population

Penetration of

28,41,160 52 1.80%

29,87,820 49 1.89%

Facebook penetration in Bangladesh is 1.80%


160 and grew by more than 3,



for 7 days starting on 29 May 2010 because of "obnoxious images", including



old man was arrested in the Bangladeshi capital on

Penetration of

online

population

460.26%

484.01%

Table: Facebook users in the last two weeks in Bangladesh.

Our social networking statistics show that Facebook penetration in Bangladesh is 1.89%


The total number of FB users in Bangladesh is reaching 29

42, 000 in the last 6 months.

Impact of Digital Technology

Positive effects The use of technology in education has had a positive impact on the students, educators, as

well as the educational system as a whole. Many positive impacts have been observed by

officials in the field. A report by government officials suggests that technology has the

following effects of the classroom and students:

1. Change in the roles of students and teachers: Students become actively involved in

the process of education rather than the

The teacher, instead of being the center of attention, becomes a facilitator of the

means by which students learn using modern technology.

2. Motivation and improved self

using technology because it relates to their everyday life and they can see practical

implementation of what they learn in the class.

3. Technical Skills, teamwork, improved use of outside resources, improved design

skills/attention to audience. (Re

29

Table: Facebook users in the last two weeks in Bangladesh.

statistics show that Facebook penetration in Bangladesh is 1.89%


The total number of FB users in Bangladesh is reaching 29, 87,820 and grew by more than 4

Impact of Digital Technology

The use of technology in education has had a positive impact on the students, educators, as


in the field. A report by government officials suggests that technology has the

following effects of the classroom and students:


the process of education rather than the traditional passive roles students assumed.


means by which students learn using modern technology.

2. Motivation and improved self-esteem: Students become more motivated


implementation of what they learn in the class.


skills/attention to audience. (References required!).

statistics show that Facebook penetration in Bangladesh is 1.89%


and grew by more than 4,

The use of technology in education has had a positive impact on the students, educators, as


in the field. A report by government officials suggests that technology has the


traditional passive roles students assumed.


esteem: Students become more motivated when



30

Physical Aids

Many physical learning aids help individuals with problems hearing, seeing, sitting or

moving around in the normal learning environment. These devices include a wide range of

technology, such as hearing aids, electronic wheelchairs, special computer screens with large

fonts and Braille for blind students. These devices help students participate in a normal

academic setting by augmenting impaired physical attributes in order to allow students to

learn along with other non-impaired students.

Efficiency and Productivity

An increase in technology generally means that tasks are completed faster and more

efficiently. This translates to increased productivity. From the business standpoint, this is

definitely an advantage, since increased productivity means better sales, services or

manufacturing.

Finances

It is debatable whether or not technology is financially a disadvantage or advantage. On one

hand, technology is cost effective, according to Small Business Bible---technology may boost

revenue and profit through increased efficiency, productivity and limited man hours.

However, a business may lose this revenue and profit simply because they have to support

and update all of the technology they use. For example, a business may reduce the number of

office employee hours with a handful of software programs, but it then may have to pay a

technology consultant fees for installing and answering questions about how to use the

programs.

Precision

Technology means that people can perform tasks with an incredibly high degree of accuracy.

For example, in medicine, machines can measure the exact amount of oxygen a person is

taking in or make an incision to within millimeters.

Negative Effects of Digital Technology:-

There is little doubt that technology impacts the world to a startling degree. For example,

students especially university students around the world use digital technology such as

computer, Laptop, Internet, Multimedia Mobile Phone etc. to perform education related

31

activities. Some of the impacts of modern technology are positive, but others are not.

Looking at a list of the advantages and disadvantages of technology is useful because it

provides a means by which an individual may assess whether technology implementation is

worth potential risks.

Job Loss

When an organization uses technology properly, the technology typically cuts the number of

hours that need to be worked. This increases profit for the organization because it doesn't

need to pay workers to remain on the job site. However, if the technology cuts the number of

hours drastically enough, some individuals may lose their jobs entirely because the

technology essentially completes the tasks that the employee originally did. Factories are the

best example of this---as more and more robots complete assembly line tasks in an automated

way, there's less of a need for physical workers. According to Small Business Bible, jobs are

created by technology too, such as information technology specialist positions.

Health

Technology may cause numerous health problems. For example, according to Practice,

Medical News Today scientists, researchers and doctors such as Darius Lakdawalla, Tomas

Philipson, Amy Drescher and Charles Poynton are concerned about the links between

technology, obesity/heart problems, eye strain, deafness and muscle issues. Waste from

technology such as the used fuel and emissions from factory machines may pollute the

environment, disturbing ecosystems and making people sick.

32

Chapter-3 Literature Review

33

2.1. Literature Review

Literature review is the most significant part of a research. Reviewing literature mainly helps

to find out the way of conducting the research. It also helps us to increase knowledge about

the particular problem. So a literature review has been done regarding this research problem.

Giddens, Anthony described in his book titled “Sociology” (2006) P: 598-605. The Internet

provides no certainty about other people’s identity, whether they are male or female, or where

they are. In the twenty-first century, communication technology is such that information

technologies like the Internet provides exciting new opportunities to explore the social world,

the Internet also threatens to undermine human relationships and communities. Although the

information age is still in its early stages, many sociologists are already debating the complex

implications of the Internet for late modern societies.

The effects of the Internet on social interaction fall into two broad categories. He said that the

online world as fostering new forms of electronic relationship that either enhance or

supplement existing face-to-face interactions. Individuals can use the Internet to

communicate regularly with friends and relatives at home. Distance and separation become

more tolerable. The Internet also allows the formation of new types of relationship. He said

that as people spend more and more time communicating online and handling their daily

tasks in cyberspace, it may be that the spend less time interaction with one another in that the

spread of Internet technology will lead to increased social isolation and increasing Internet

access in households is that people are spending less quality time with their families and

friends. The internet is encroaching on domestic life as the lines between work and home are

blurred: many employees continue to work at home after hours. The Internet also raises

challenging questions about personal identity, creates new forms of community and new

possibilities for democratic participation.

In his book he described the effect of Internet on social interaction and how an individual use

the Internet in his daily activities, But he didn’t describe how the impact of Internet on the

individual.

34

Richard T. Schaefer (2007) said in his famous book titled “Sociology (P: 472-474)”

technology is the cultural information about how to use the material resources of the

environment to satisfy human needs and desires. Technological advances the mobile, the

television, and more recently, the computer, the fax machine, and the cellular phone- have

brought striking changes to our cultures, our patterns of socialization, our social institutions,

and our day-to-day social interaction. Technological innovations are, in fact, emerging and

being accepted with remarkable speed.

The Internet evolved from a computer system built in 1962 by the U.S. Defense Department,

to enable scholars and military researchers to continue their government work even if part of

the nation’s communications system were destroyed by a nuclear attack. Until recently, it was

difficult to gain access to the Internet without holding a position at a university or a

government research laboratory. Today, however, virtually anyone can reach the Internet

with a phone line, a computer, and a modem.

In his book Schaefer described how technology play role in social change and in socialization

process but he didn’t discuss the impact of technology on individuals.

The sociologist Manuel` Castells (2005)“Organizations and Networks” (P: 671) argues that

the Internet will continue to grow because it allows networks to flourish. For Castells,

networks are the defining organizational structure of our age. The inherent flexibility and

adaptability of networks give them enormous advantages over older types of rational,

hierarchical organizations. Castells argues that the Internet gives businesses the capability for

global coordination of decentralized and highly complex activities. For individuals, the

Internet will enable new combinations of work and self-employment, individual expression,

collaboration and sociability, and for political activists it will make it possible for networks of

individuals to combine and co-operate and spread their message around the world. Playing on

McLuhan’s idea that ‘the medium is the message, Castells argues that now, the network is the

message’ (2002).

Technology Expert Shel Holtz (2005) said in his book namely “The impact of new

technologies on internal communication” “Any technology that becomes a commonly used

tool on the Internet finds its way onto intranets.” Changes in web-based technology have

35

made it far easier for individuals to publish, access and share information globally. Web-

based tools that have proven effective on the Internet are now making their way into

organizations enabled by intranets. The rise of more accessible and easy-to-use technologies

are allowing employees to voice their opinions and become more involved in communication

and decision making. Business leaders will need to understand the merits of new social

software and how it can benefit them and their organizations.

Mario Morino, (March 14, 1997) said in his famous book titled “The Impact of Technology

on Youth in The 21st Century” The technology that is shaping our future and our children’s is

not, as many assume, the computer. These machines have been with us for decades and now,

with their advanced multimedia capability, they deserve considerable credit for enhancing

learning among people of all ages, But I propose that there is an even greater technology on

the rise, whose power is far more encompassing, I am speaking about the new and emerging

forms of interactive communications, such as the Internet, that allow us to capitalize on our

greatest learning resource the minds of people all over the globe. We are just beginning to

experience the impact of this connection of people to people, and can only guess how

transforming its effects will be in the coming years. I also contend, however, that if we make

the right choices now, we can substantially change for the better how we and our children

learn, and more important, how the young people of today and generations to come are taught

to learn. To succeed at that task requires a concerted and co-ordinate effort – a partnership if

you will- among our families, schools, youth organizations, and communities.

Nancy K. Baym; “Personal Connections in the Digital Age (DMS- Digital Media and

Society 2007)” The Internet and the mobile phone have disrupted many of our conventional

understandings of our-selves and our relationships, raising anxieties and hopes about their

effects on our lives. This timely and vibrant book provides frameworks for thinking critically

about the roles of digital media in personal relationships. Rather that providing exuberant

accounts or cautionary tales, it offers a data-grounded primer on how to make sense of these

important changes in relational life. He described in his book about the roles of digital media

in personal relationships but he did not demonstrate the impact of digital technology on the

individual or society.

36

Quan Haase, (2008, p: 108): “Human-Computer Interaction and Social Structure” “Internet

is the furious pace of change in digital culture- compresses the timelines of events. Research

shows that college student’s primary reasons for using communication technologies is

convenience, ease of use, privacy if there were other people in the room, and the ability to

multitask by engaging in multiple things, such as watching television. In another study done

in Hong Kong, the primary motivations of university students for using communication

technologies were to express affection, being sociable by thanking people, helping friends,

and expressing encouragement. While using communication technologies and the Internet,

college students report that they communicate primarily with friends from home and on

campus. He described in his book about the college student’s primary reasons for using

communication technologies only.

Rheingold, (1993/2000, p. 321) “The Next Social Revolution” “Social networks are also

criteria to the psychological well-being of humans; this has been well documented throughout

the years and is still interesting to researchers today. Survey Research shows that an

overwhelming majority of respondents report forming personal relationships online. He

described in this book social networks and the psychological well-being of humans but not

about the impact of technology.

Coyle & Vaughn, (2008, p. 13), “Social Networking; Communication Revolution and

Evaluation;” A social network is a configuration of people connected to one another through

interpersonal means much as friendship, common interests, or ideas. Social networks exist

because humans are societal and require relationships with other humans in order to survive.

Yves Punie, Dieter Zinnbauer and Marcelino Cabrera (2006) described, in their working

paper titled “A Review of the Impact of ICT on Learning” It is difficult and may be even

impossible to imagine future learning environments that are not supported, in one way or

another, by Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). When looking at the

current widespread diffusion and use of ICT in modern societies, especially by the young –

the so-called digital generation – then it should be clear that ICT will affect the complete

learning process today and in the future. There is a widespread belief that ICTs have an

important role to play in changing and modernizing educational systems and ways of

37

learning. They said that there is, however, little scientific evidence of the concrete

contributions of ICTs to the learning domain, despite the efforts of the last decades. Hence,

there is a need to bring evidence together on the impact of ICT on education and training in

Europe. This is the objective of this working paper. It contains a review of 20 studies and/or

reports which provide evidence of the impact of ICT on learning. They provide visionary

accounts of the future of learning. Overall, the review provided is brief and not exhaustive

but focuses on evidence of the impact of ICT on education. In this research, they did not

discuss the impact of ICT on young generation and their behavior.

Ryan Irvine (2011) mentioned in his article namely “Functions & Dysfunctions of Modern

Technology” This paper explores the many advantages and disadvantages of the varied

technological advances that have been created and are commonly used today. While some

find solace in organization and structure created through the modern marvels of

communication, gaming, and lifestyle tools, others find the same multipurpose devices as

inherently useless toys that inhibit human interactions mentally, communicatively, and

psychologically. Both ideologies are presented to 'cuss and discuss what the expanding

technological world has to offer and negate from the daily life of human beings and the

species' existence.

Marilyn Campbell “The impact of the mobile phone on young people’s social life” The

adoption of the mobile phone by young people has been a global phenomenon in recent years.

It is now an integral part of adolescents’ daily lives and is for the majority, the most popular

form of electronic communication. In fact, the mobile phone has turned from a technological

tool to a social tool. This paper explores the impact of the mobile phone on youth peer

relationships, on family relationships and on the institution of the school. Young people use

the mobile phone in positive ways to organize and maintain their social networks. However,

there are also negative impacts on young peoples’ peer relationships. These can include

ostracism and cyber bullying. Similarly, the mobile phone has lead to changed dynamics in

the family, with issues of safety and surveillance from a parental perspective leading to

negotiated changing freedoms for young people. While functional coordination can be

beneficial for the family, other problems can arise such as financial difficulties, non-custodial

parent access, as well as over reliance on the mobile phone for safety issues and intrusion into

young peoples’ lives. The impact of the mobile phone on the school as an institution has not

however, received as much research. Disruptions to lessons, incidences of cheating and

bullying are some of the negative impacts, while texting parents of truants seems to be the

38

only positive for the school. Further research is needed into the consequences of mobile

phone use in schools.

Sarah Morgen Long (January 22nd, 2010). “The Impact of Digital Communications

Technologies on Youth”, The recent and rapid increase of Internet culture and new

communications technologies is one important facet of changes in contemporary social life.

Understanding the multiple and complex nature of these changes is an important sociological

question. This paper uses qualitative data gained through face-to-face interviews and

technology-mediated interviews conducted with college-aged students to explore the ways in

which Internet culture and digital socialization affect youth relationships and sociability.

Previous research has suggested that the pervasive and intensive use of Internet in education,

communication and entertainment may be leading to decreasing face-to-face interaction

among youth. Other research focuses on how technology may also expand and transform

sociability by allowing people to communicate with a wider and more diverse network of

people. Due to the contradictory findings about the consequences of widespread use of Web

2.0 technology among youth, the goal of this research is to explore the depth of the effects

that digital socialization has on youth relationships, sociability, connectivity, and identity

formation.

39

Chapter-4

Theoretical Framework

40

3.1. Theoretical Framework

Theoretical Framework is very much important to understand any research problem properly.

It helps to drive the research effectively. Many theorists developed their ideas on the impact

of technology. Some are related to my study. Some related theories are mentioned below:

The Functionalist Theory:-

In the mid-twentieth century, functionalist theorists such as Charles Wright and Harold

Laswell focused on the ways in which the media function in integrating society. The

functionalist theorist Denis McQuail (2000), several of the most important social functions of

the media those are: Information, correlation, continuity, entertainment, and mobilization. In

this theory he said that the media has a function in expressing the dominant culture,

recognizing new social developments and forging common values. The media provides

amusement, diversion and reduces social tension. Parsons (1902-1979), a leading proponent

of functionalist theory, viewed society as being in a natural state of equilibrium. By

“equilibrium” He meant that society tends toward a state of stability or balance. Parsons

would view even prolonged labor strikes or civilian riots as temporary disruptions in the

status quo rather than as significant alterations in social structure. He said that all are

positively functional. Every things of society are positively functional.

Systems theory

System Theory considers the historical development of technology and media with an

emphasis on inertia and heterogeneity, stressing the connections between the artifact being

built and the social, economic, political and cultural factors surrounding it. Key concepts

include reverse salients when elements of a system lag in development with respect to others,

differentiation, operational closure, and autopoietic autonomy. Key authors include Thomas

P. Hughes (1992) and Luhmann (2000).

A system may be defined as a set of social, biological, technological or material partners co-

operating on a common purpose. System theory is a philosophical doctrine of describing

systems as abstract organizations independent of substance, type, time and space. Systems

theories are connected to both ontological and epistemological views. The ontological view

41

imply that the world consist of “systems” or “integrative levels”. The epistemological view

implies a holistic perspective emphasizing the interplay between the systems and their

elements in determining their respective functions. It is thus opposed to more atomistic

approaches in which objects are investigated as individual phenomena.

Magic Bullet Theory by DeFleur, (1970)

The bullet theory is the name given by later researchers to one of the first conceptions of the

effects of mass communication. Also referred to as the “hypodermic needle” theory or the

“mechanistic S-R theory” (DeFleur, 1970), this essentially native and simplistic view predicts

strong and more or less universal effects of mass communication messages on all audience

members who happen to be exposed to them. The name bullet theory was apparently not used

by any of the early thinkers about mass communication effects (Chaffee and Hochheimes,

1985). Nevertheless, the phrase is a good description of a view that apparently was widely

held. This view was influenced by the power that propaganda appeared to have in World War

1. It was a popular view in the years prior to could rise to power in the United States through

the force of mass communication. The Institute for Propaganda Analysis was created in

response to this fear, and it began a massive campaign of educating the American people

techniques of propaganda.

42

Summary of Media Effect Theories

Since the popularization of television in the early 1950s, there has been a multitude of

theories about the effects of mass media on the average viewer. The earliest of these theories

was called the "Hypodermic Needle/Magic Bullet" theory that suggested that audiences could

be affected plainly and predictably by blatant messages, following on the blunt tactics of

wartime propaganda. Very quickly, theorists realized that media effects are typically more

subtle.

The bullet theory has largely been discarded by mass communication researchers, it is

apparently something that many people still believe,. For instance, Pope John Paul II

cautioned in 1980 against what he called the growing “manipulation” of the human mind by

radio and television. The pope said the mass media bred “passivity and emotionalism,

manipulation and consequently evasion and hedonism.”

A similar statement was made by Colin Blakemore (1977), a noted researcher on the human

brain, in arguing that brain control through implanted electrodes is not likely:Are our brains

not already more totally disciplined, our opinions more firmly molded, and our minds more

sharply directed by the political and social environment, than by any mind-altering drugs.

John Lilly has written “We have all been educated on the fantastic power of the media in

changing public opinion” (Lilly and Lilly, 1976m p.208).

43

This theory is heavily useable to properly understand the present society of Bangladesh. It

useable to understand the influence of technology especially media technology how

influenced the human mind. This theory may be properly used to understand the mental

reflection of young Generation.

George Gerbner’s Cultivation Theory

Cultivation theory focuses on the long-term effects of media consumption and posits that

eventually, depictions of various cultural elements influence a viewer's perception of them in

the real world. The implication is that consumers are taught how to think about the world

through depictions in the media. A particularly vivid example is "mean world syndrome,"

which is a consumer being convinced that the world is more dangerous or deadly than it may

actually be due to constant bombardment of violent content in the media.

Gerbner argues that television has become the central cultural arm of American society. “The

television set has become a key member of the family, the one who tells most of the stories

most of the time.” Gerbner and his associates have written (Grebner, Gross, Morgan, and

Signorielli, 1980 p.14). Gerbner, points out that the average viewer watches television four

hours a day. The heavy viewer watches even more, for heavy viewers, television virtually

monopolizes and subsumes other sources of information, ideas, and consciousness, Gerbner

says. The effect of all this exposure to the same messages produces what Gerbner calls

cultivation, or the teaching of a common world view, common roles, and common values.

Gerbner presents research supporting cultivation theory that is based on comparisons of

heavy and light television viewers. Gerbner analyzed answers to questions posed in surveys

and found that heavy and light television viewers often give answers that are closer to the

way the world is portrayed on television.

Gerbner says that the heavy television viewers tend to overestimate this figure much more

than light television viewers. Gerbner argues that the heavy viewers are getting a heightened

sensr of risk and insecurity from television. Television may be leading heavy viewers to

perceive a “mean world”. Gerbner suggests that this may be one of the primary, and widely

shared, cultivation effects due to television.

Gerbner has shown that the differences between heavy and light television viewers show up

even across a number of other important variables, including age, education, news reading,

44

and gender (Gerbner and Gross, 1976). That is, Gerbner realized that the relationship between

television viewing and different views of the world could actually be caused by other

variables, and he attempted to control for those variables.

Gerbner added two additional concepts, mainstreaming and resonance. These concepts take

account of the fact that heavy television viewing has different outcomes for different social

groups. Gerbner says that mainstreaming occurs when heavy viewing leads to a convergence

of outlooks across groups. For instance, heavy viewers in both low-income and high-income

categories share the view that fear of crime is a very serious personal problem. Light viewers

who are low in income tend to agree with the heavy viewers in both categories that fear of

crime is a problem, whereas the light viewers who are high in income tend not to agree that

fear of crime is a problem.

Resonance occurs when the cultivation effect is boosted for a certain group of the population.

For instance, heavy viewers among both males and females are more likely than light viewers

to agree that fear of crime is a serious problem. But the group that agrees the most strongly is

females who are heavy viewers, because their particular vulnerability to crime is said to

“resonate” with the portrait of a high-crime world presented on television. His theory is

absolutely true and useable to understand the technological influence on the young people of

Bangladesh.

Media Dependency Theory Developed by Ball-Rokeach and DeFluer

Media dependency theory was developed by Sandra Ball-Rokeach and Melvin DeFleur in

1976. This theory suggests that people have various dependencies on the media nd that these

dependencies vary from person to person, from group to group, and from couture to culture.

They argue that particularly in a modern urban-industrial society, audiences have a high lee

of dependence on mass media information. In a modern developed society, mere and more of

the operations of daily loge and commerce require reliable, up-to-date information. The

theory ties together the interrelations of broad social systems, mass media, and the individual

into a comprehensive explanation of media effects. At its core, the basic dependency

hypothesis states that the more a person depends on media to meet needs, the more important

media will be in a person's life, and therefore the more effects media will have on a person.

This theory stresses the tripartite relationship of media, audience, and society. The

relationships among these three and media effects are presented. Within each of the three

unit’s society, media, and audience

amount of media dependency. Within the society, an important element is the amount of

media dependency on media information id high. Media systems themselves differ in the

number and centrality of information functions they serve. In a modern urban

providing information about government and politics to the public so that democratic

elections can take place, serving as a watchdog or fourth branch of government sounding a

widespread and general alarm in emergencies, providing information needed to keep the

economic to help people relax and fill leisure time.

Media dependency theory begins with the assumption

needs: the need for information, the need for personal reflection, the need for social

interaction or the need for entertainment. While media can supplement these needs and

provide them to some degree, many theorists bel

on media for these complex and important needs, as it results in a manipulated intellectual

diet.

Model:- Ball-Rokeach & Defleur's (1976) Media System Dependency Theory

Effects: Ball-Rokeach and DeFleur

behavioral effects.

45

society, media, and audience- are factors that operate to increase or decrease the


ia information id high. Media systems themselves differ in the

number and centrality of information functions they serve. In a modern urban


e, serving as a watchdog or fourth branch of government sounding a


omic to help people relax and fill leisure time.

Media dependency theory begins with the assumption that people use media for personal



provide them to some degree, many theorists believe that it is harmful to individuals to rely


Rokeach & Defleur's (1976) Media System Dependency Theory

Rokeach and DeFleur suggest that media have various cognitive, affective, and

are factors that operate to increase or decrease the


ia information id high. Media systems themselves differ in the

number and centrality of information functions they serve. In a modern urban-urban


e, serving as a watchdog or fourth branch of government sounding a


that people use media for personal



ieve that it is harmful to individuals to rely


Rokeach & Defleur's (1976) Media System Dependency Theory

suggest that media have various cognitive, affective, and

46

Cognitive: There are five types of cognitive effects that will be exerted on audiences, the first

of which is the creation and resolution of ambiguity. Ambiguity occurs when audiences

receive inadequate or incomplete information about their social world. When there is high

ambiguity, stress is created, and audiences are more likely to turn to mass media to resolve

ambiguity. Ambiguity might be especially prevalent during times of social change or conflict.

Affective: Ball-Rokeach and DeFleur mentions several possible affective media effects that

are more likely to occur during times of heightened dependency. First is desensitization,

which states that prolonged exposure to violent content can have a "numbing" effect on

audiences, promoting insensitivity or the lack of desire toward helping others when violent

encounters happen in real life. Media can also have effects on morale and feelings of

alienation. The degree of positive or negative mass media depictions of social groups can

cause fluctuations in people's sense of morale in belonging to that group or in their sense of

alienation from that group.

Behavioral: There are two broad categories of behavioral effects that Ball-Rokeach and

DeFleur identify. The first broad category is called "activation" effects, which refer to

instances in which media audiences do something they would not otherwise have done as a

consequence of receiving media messages. Behavioral effects are largely thought to work

through cognitive and affective effects. For instance, a woman reading a news story about

sexism in the workplace might form an attitude toward sexism that creates a negative

emotional state, the culmination of which is joining a women’s rights march in her local

community.

This theory is very much important to understand the present society of Bangladesh. It is very

much important to know the present media dependency, that means how people dependence

to the technology. Dependency theory helps us to understand the dependency of young

generation especially the students of university level.

Media Determinism Theory developed by Marshall McLuhan (1965)

Marshall McLuhan startled the entire world in 1964 with his statement that “the medium is

the message” (1965, p.7). He said that “the effects of technology do not occur at the level of

opinions of concepts, but alter sense ratios or patterns of perception steadily and without

resistance”. McLuhan is saying that the most important effect of the communication media is

that they affect our habits of perception and thinking. The concept of “sense ratios” refers to

47

the balance of sight, taste-but technologies, and especially the communication media, have

caused people to emphasize one over others emphasized vision. In turn, it influenced our

thinking, making it linear, sequential, regular, repeated, and logical. It allowed human beings

to separate thought from feeling. It led to specialization and technology, but it also led to a

sense of alienation and individualism. On the societal level, print led to the possibility of

nations and the rise of nationalism.

Television, in contrast to print, emphasized more of the senses. McLuhan described television

as a visual, aural, and tactile medium. It is more involving and participatory than print.

McLuhan proposed that television would to store the balance of the sense ratios that print

destroyed. On a grander scale, McLuhan said, television is going to retribalize us. We will

move away from individual nation states and become a “global village.”

The content of the medium is like juicy piece of meat carried by the burglar to distract the

watchdog of the mind”. McLuhan said that the television generation is the first post literate

generation. He suggest that parents today are watching their children becoming Third World

and that due to television and other new media, children do not think the same way their

parents did.

This theory is very much applicable for almost all societies. Television is very much

influential to human mind. It greatly affected the man’s everyday life. To understand the

effect of digital television properly on the young generation of Bangladesh this theory is

highly applicable.

48

CHAPTER FOUR: METHODOLOGY

4.1. Analytical Framework

a) Operational Definition

4.2. Study Area

4.3. Sample Design

a) Area Selection

b) Respondent Selection

4.4. Time Schedule

4.5. Data Collection Procedure

a) Quantitative (Social Survey Method)

b) Qualitative (Case Study)

4.6. Data Processing

4.7. Data Analysis

49

4.1 Analytical Framework

A) Operational Definition

Digital technology examines how the digital revolution is progressing. From the basics of

digitizing information of all kinds to explaining how digital-based technologies work, this

title looks at whether this explosion of instant information will be helpful or will invade our

privacy and security. Generally, Digital technology means such technologies which are used

to solve various problems and these are the most important medium of recreation and

pleasure. Technically, a book is a form of digital technology. Today, most people use the

term “digital” to refer to computer technology, which uses a binary language of 1s and 0s. In

my research, I describe digital technologies as “technologies that allow information and

processes to be created and stored in digital form, with the possibility of distribution over

electronic networks.” Digital technologies include technologies such as FM Radio, Internet,

Personal Computer, Mobile, Digital Television, Web and I-Pod etc. which are popularly used

by young generation especially the students of Jagannath University. And those technologies

have a direct impact on the daily activities of the students.

4.2 Study Area

Time is one of the main factors on the way to determine the area of the study. On the basis of

time it is possible to take a large research area in this case man power is also another

considerable matter. Similarly, study area is very much important to derive a successful and

effective research. The outcomes of the research will be more acceptable if the study area is

large. Resulting of short time my research area has been limited into the Jagannath University

Campus.

4.3 Sample Design

Sample is selected by following random sampling method from the students of Jagannath

University.

a) Area Selection

Area selection is very much important to drive a successful research. It is highly depends on

budget allocation, time, man power etc. For shortest time and limited budget my research

area is selected within the Jagannath University campus.

50

b) Respondent Selection

Respondent selection is very much important to derive an effective and acceptable result of

the research based on the survey method. 100 students are selected on the basis of random

sampling method from 10 departments of Jagannath University namely:-

1) Statistics

2) Sociology

3) Economics

4) English

5) Political Science

6) Physics

7) Accounting

8) Finance

9) Geography and

10) Mathematics.

Every 10 respondent is selected from each of the 10 departments by strictly following random

sampling method. Both male and female respondents are selected by following the same

method. All religious respondents are included in my research monogram.

4.6 Time Schedule

Activities Time

To read necessary books, research paper and to create

theoretical base

2 months

To prepare research proposal 1.5 months

To create interview schedule and checklist 1month

Pre-test and final inspection of interview schedule

and checklist

1.5 months

Data collection 2 months

Data analysis and to make sketch report 2 months

To make final report, typing, printing and bindings. 2 months

Total:- 12 Months

51

4.5 Data Collection Procedure

Primary source:

Primary information is provided directly by the selected students in the Jagannath University,

of Dhaka area. Primary data is collect by means of Questionnaire form used in interview

schedule. It is also acquired through direct observation and interviews. Data is collected by

directly participating on the field.

Secondary source:

Secondary data is collected from various sources, such as- various literature on technology

and publications available in national and international documents, Ministry of Science and

Technology in Bangladesh, publications, NGO’s, different types journal, newspaper,

magazines, books, Internet etc. The information collect through the interview schedule survey

has been compiled for analysis through a standard data entry form. Graphical presentation

techniques are the major analytical means for interpreting the surveyed sample database.

a) Quantitative Data

For quantitative data is collected through following Social Survey Method with a Interview

schedule. Interview schedule is given to each of the 100 respondents by following random

sampling method.

b) Qualitative Data

For qualitative data case study method is followed for this purpose a well decorated check-list

is taken by me. Four cases have been taken from the respondents and necessary data are

collected for this purpose I took a note book to write down the important points.

4.6 Data Processing

Data processing generally begins with editing and coding of data. Data are edited to ensure

consistency across respondents and to locate omissions, if any. In survey data, editing reduces

errors in the recording, improves legibility, and clarifies unclear and inappropriate responses.

In addition to editing, the data also need coding. Because it is impractical to place raw data

into a report, alphanumeric codes are used to reduce the responses to a more manageable

form for storage and future processing. This coding process facilitates processing the data.

Personal computer offers an excellent opportunity in data editing and coding processes.

52

4.7 Data Analysis

Data analysis mostly time involves reducing accumulated data to a manageable size,

developing summaries, searching for patterns, and applying statistical techniques for

understanding and interpreting the findings in the light of the research questions.The

quantitative data is analyzed by using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS 16.5

versions) and the findings is presented through graph, bi-variate, multi-variate table and pie-

chart, histo-grams. For quantitative data explict meaning of the observed phenomena is

emphasized.

53

CHAPTER SIX: FINDINGS OF THE STUDY

6.1 Quantitative Data

6.2 Qualitative Data

Table-1: Percentage distribution of the respondents by sex.

Sex

Male

Female

Total

Source: Field work

In the above data of the table

the respondents are female.

Chart-1:

Now, we represent the above data through Pie

Female39%

Persentage of Male and Female

54

6.1 Findings of the Quantitative Data

Percentage distribution of the respondents by sex.

Frequency Percentage%

61

39

100

of the table-1 indicates that 61% of the respondents are male and 39

Now, we represent the above data through Pie- chart.

Male61%

Female39%

Persentage of Male and Female

Percentage%

61%

39%

100%

the respondents are male and 39% of

55

Table-2: Percentage distribution of the respondents by age Age of the respondents Frequency Percentage %

18-19 Years 8 8%

20-21 Years 16 16%

22-23 Years 42 42%

24-25 Years 23 23%

26-27 Years 11 11%

Total:- 100 100%

Source: Field work

In the data of table-2 indicates that 8% of the respondents age are 18-19, 16% of the

respondents age are 20-21, 42% of the respondents age are 22-23, 23% of the respondents

age are 24-25 and 11% of the respondents age are 26-27. The most of the respondents (42%)

age are 22-23.

Table-3: Percentage distribution of the respondents by religion.

Religion of the respondents

Frequency Percentage %

Muslim 81 81%

Hindu 19 19%

Christian 0 0%

Buddhist 0 0%

Total:- 100 100%

Source: Field work

In the above data of the table-3 indicates that 81% of the respondents are Muslim, because

Bangladesh is a Muslim country, 19% of the respondents are Hindu and O% of the

respondent is Buddhist and Christian.

Chart-2:

Now, we can represent the above data through Pie

Table-4: Percentage distribution of the res

Mobile Phone User

Yes

No

Total:-

Source: Field work

In the data of table-4 indicates that 100% of the respondents

respondents don’t use mobile phone.

Table-5: Percentage distribution of the respondents by

Mobile Phone

Multimedia mobile phone

Without multimedia

Total:-

Source: Field work

Respondents by Religion

56

represent the above data through Pie- chart.

Percentage distribution of the respondents by Mobile Phone User


100 100%

0 0%

100 100%

4 indicates that 100% of the respondents use mobile phone and

respondents don’t use mobile phone.

Percentage distribution of the respondents by types of mobile.

Frequency Percentage

88 88%

12 12%

100 100%

Muslim81%

Hindu19%

Christian0%

Buddhist0%

Respondents by Religion

Mobile Phone User.

Percentage%

100%

100%

use mobile phone and 0% of the

Percentage%

88%

12%

100%

Table-5 indicates that only 12% of the respondents have mobile phone without multimedia

where 88% have own multimedia mobile phone. The number of multimedia hand set owner

is greater than the owner of hand set without multimedia.

Chart-3

The above data can be represent through

Table-6: Percentage distribution of the respondents by

Use of mobile phone

To Communicate

To play games

To listen FM Radio

To take photos and videos

To watch videos

Source: Field work

*Multiple responses were found in a single category.

In the data table-6 indicates that

others, 65% of the respondents use m

not use mobile phone to play game.

listen FM radio or to watch videos and 88

photos and videos.

Without multimedia mobile

phone12%

57

indicates that only 12% of the respondents have mobile phone without multimedia


is greater than the owner of hand set without multimedia.

The above data can be represent through a Pie-chart.

Percentage distribution of the respondents by types of uses.

Frequency Percentage (%)

100 100

65 65%

65 65%

88 88%

67 67%


indicates that 100% respondents use mobile phone to communicate with

% of the respondents use mobile phone to play games and 65% of the respondents

not use mobile phone to play game. Equally 65% of the respondents use mobile phone to

radio or to watch videos and 88% of the respondents use mobile phone

Multimedia mobile phone88%

multimedia mobile Types of Mobile

indicates that only 12% of the respondents have mobile phone without multimedia


Percentage (%)

%

%

%

%

%

100% respondents use mobile phone to communicate with

% of the respondents

65% of the respondents use mobile phone to

mobile phone to take

Multimedia mobile phone88%

58

Chart-4:

Now, we can represent the above data through Histogram.

Table-7: Percentage distribution of the respondents by spending time on mobile phone in

various ways.

Mobile

Phone

To Communicate To play game To listen FM/to watch

videos

Frequency % Frequency % Frequency %

Less than

2 hours

26 26% 20 35.71% 18 27.69%

2-3 hours 20 20% 38 68.79% 19 29.23%

3-4 hours 38 38% 0 0% 24 36.92%

More than

4 hours

16 16% 0 0% 0 0%

Several

times in a

week

0 0% 7 12.5% 4 6.15%

Total:- 100 100% 65 100% 65 100%

Source: Field work

The Table-7 demonstrate that 26% of the respondents use mobile phone to communicate less

than 2 hours in a day, 38%, 20% and 16% of the respondents use mobile phone to

100%

56%

65%

88%

65%

0%

44%

35%

12%

35%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

To communicate To play games To listen FM Radio

To take photos and videos

To watch videos

Mobile Phone use Mobile phone do not use

communicate 2-3 hours, 3-4 hours and more than 4 hours

respondents use mobile phone to communicate several times in a

respondents use mobile to play games less than two hours

mobile to play games 2-3 hours in a day and 51.79% of the res

play games several times in a week.

FM radio or to watch video less than 2 hours in a day, 29.23% use 2

highest 36.92% of the respondents use mobile phon

hours in a day. 0% respondents use mobile phone more than 4 hours in a day.

Chart-5:-Now, we can represent the above data through histogram.

Source: Field work

To communicate

26%

38%

20%16%

0%

Percentage of spending time in Mobile

Less than 2 hours 2-3 hours

59

4 hours and more than 4 hours in a day respectively. 0% of the

respondents use mobile phone to communicate several times in a week. 27.69

respondents use mobile to play games less than two hours, 12.5% of the respondents use

3 hours in a day and 51.79% of the respondents use mobile phone to

play games several times in a week. 27.69% of the respondents use mobile phone to listen

FM radio or to watch video less than 2 hours in a day, 29.23% use 2-3 hours in

highest 36.92% of the respondents use mobile phone to listen FM radio or watch video 3


represent the above data through histogram.

To play games To lilsten FM/ to watch video

36%

28%

52%

29%

0%

37%

0% 0%0%

13%


3 hours 3-4 hours More than 4 hours Several times in a week

respectively. 0% of the

week. 27.69% of the

, 12.5% of the respondents use

pondents use mobile phone to

27.69% of the respondents use mobile phone to listen

3 hours in a day and

e to listen FM radio or watch video 3-4


To lilsten FM/ to watch

0%

6%


Several times in a week

60

Table-8: Percentage distribution of the respondents by spending money in mobile phone.

Taka Frequency Percentage (%)

Less than Tk. 500 15 15%

500-1000 25 25%

1000-1500 38 38%

More than 1500 2 2%

Total:- 100 100%

Source: Field work

The above table-8 reveals that highest 25% of the respondents spend Tk.500-1000 in mobile

monthly, 15% of the respondents spend Tk. less than 500 monthly, 38% of the respondents

use Tk.1000-1500 monthly. A few negligible respondents spend Tk. more than 1500 in

mobile phone monthly.

Table-9: Percentage distribution of the respondents by having personal computer.

Personal computer Frequency Percentage%

Yes 73 73%

No 27 27%

Total:- 100 100%

Source: Field work

In the data above table-9 indicates that 73% of the respondents have a personal computer

(desktop or laptop computer) and 27% of the respondents have no any personal computer.

Table-10: Percentage distribution of the respondents by types of computer.

Computer Frequency Percentage%

Desktop Computer 31 42.47%

Laptop Computer 42 57.53%

Total:- 73 100%

Source: Field work

The table-10 indicates that 42.47

57% of the respondents have own Laptop computer.

laptop computer are greater than the respondents who have a desktop computer.

Chart-6: The above data can be represented through Pie

Table-11:- Percentage distribution of the respondents by access to computer.

Access to Computer

Yes

No

Total:-

Source: Field work

In the data above table-11 indicates that 100% of the respondents have computer access

Laptop Computer58%

61

10 indicates that 42.47% of the respondents have own desktop computer where

57% of the respondents have own Laptop computer. That means, the respondents who have a


The above data can be represented through Pie-chart.

Percentage distribution of the respondents by access to computer.


100 100%

0 0%

100 100%

indicates that 100% of the respondents have computer access

Desktop Computer42%

Laptop Computer

Computer Users

% of the respondents have own desktop computer where

That means, the respondents who have a


Percentage distribution of the respondents by access to computer.

Percentage%

%

100%

indicates that 100% of the respondents have computer access.

62

Table-12:- Percentage distribution of the respondents by access level to computer (both

desktop and laptop).

Computer Access Frequency Percentage (%)

Only for own use 73 73%

Share with Others 18 18%

Limited Access 9 9%

Total:- 100 100%

Source: Field work

In the data above table-12 shows 73% of the respondents have a computer only for own use,

18% of the respondents have computer access share with others and 9% of the respondents

have limited access to computer.

Table-13:- Percentage distribution of the respondents by types of uses.

Types of uses Frequency Percentage (%)

To play video games 58 79.45%

To watch videos 42 57.55%

In educational activities 73 100%

Source: Field work


The table indicates that 79.45% of the respondents use computer to play video games,

57.55% of the respondents use computer to watch various kinds of videos and 100% of the

respondents use computer in educational activities. Rest of these respondents do not use

computer personally.

Chart-7: Now, we represent the data through Bar

Table-14:- Percentage distribution of the respondents by

Spending time

in computer

To play video games

Frequency

Less than 2

hour

20

2-3 hours 31

3-4 hours 0

More than 4

hours

0

Several times

in a week

7

Total:- 58

Source: Field work

The table-14 indicates that 53.44% of the respondents play video games on computer 2

hours in a day, 34.46% of the respondents play games less than two hours in a day. 42.47% of

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

To play video games

63

Now, we represent the data through Bar-diagram.

Percentage distribution of the respondents by uses of computer.

To play video games To watch movies

and videos

Others

% Frequency % Frequency

34.46 24 32.89 60

53.44 31 42.47 13

0 12 16.43 0

0 0 0 0

12.1 6 8.21 0

100% 73 100% 73

14 indicates that 53.44% of the respondents play video games on computer 2


to watch videos In educaional activities

Types of Uses

uses of computer.

Others

Frequency %

82.19

17.81

0

0

0

100%

14 indicates that 53.44% of the respondents play video games on computer 2-3


Types of Uses

64

the respondents use computer to watch various kinds of videos 2-3 hours in a day. 32.89% of

the respondents use computer to watch videos less than two hours in a day. 82.1% of the

respondents use computer in others activities less than two hours in a day.

Table-15: Percentage distribution of the respondents by using Internet.

Internet User Frequency Percentage (%)

Yes 88 88

No 12 12

Total:- 100 100

Source: Field work

In the above table-15 the data shows that 88% of the respondents use Internet and only 12%

of the respondents not use Internet.

Table-16:- Percentage distribution of the respondents by types of using Internet.

Types of using Internet Frequency Percentage (%)

To chat in Facebook 78 88.86

To download audio and

video

72 81.81

To collect information 65 73.86

To collect subject

materials

63 71.59

To earn Money 23 26.13

Source: Field work

Multiple response were found in a single category

In the data Table-16 indicates that 88.86% of the respondents use internet to chat in

Facebook, 81.81% of the respondents use to download audios and videos, 73.86% and

71.59% of the respondents use to collect information and to collect subject materials

respectively. And only 26.13% of the respondents use Internet to earn money because there

are many opportunities in odesk, data entry etc.

65

Table-17:- Percentage distribution of the respondents by Internet access level.

Internet Access Frequency Percentage (%)

Only for own use 60 68.18%

Share with Others 22 25%

Limited Access 6 6.82%

Total:- 88 100%

Source: Field work

In the above table-17 represent that 68.18% of the respondents have Internet access only for

own use, 25% of the respondents have Internet access share with others and only 6.82% of

the respondents have limited access to Internet.

Table-18:- Percentage distribution of the respondents by spending time in Internet.

Internet To chat in Facebook To earn money To download audio

and video

Frequency % Frequency % Frequency %

Less than 2 hour 5 6.42 0 0 35 48.62

2-3 hours 22 28.20 0 0 21 29.16

3-4 hours 45 57.69 6 26.09 5 6.95

More than 4

hours

0 0 17 73.91 0 0

Several times in

a week

6 7.69 0 0 11 15.27

Total:- 78 100% 23 100% 72 100%

Source: Field work

The table-18 indicates that most of the respondents 6.42% use internet to chat in Facebook

less than two hours per day, 28.20%, 57.69% and 7.69% of the respondents use internet to

chat in Facebook 2-3hours, 3-4 hours and several times in a week respectively. 73.91% of the

respondents use internet to earn money more than four hours in a day and only 26.91% of the

respondents use internet 3-4 hours per day. 48.62% of the respondents use internet to

download audio and videos less than two hours per day.

Table-19:- Percentage distribution of the respondents by spends money in Internet monthly.

66

Monthly spending money Frequency Percentage (%)

Less than 500 10 16.66%

500-1000 22 36.67%

1000-1500 25 41.67%

More than 1500 3 5%

Total:- 60 100%

Source: Field work

In the above table-19 indicates that 16.66% of the respondents spend Tk. Less than 500 in

Internet monthly, 36.67% and 41.67% of the respondents use Tk. 500-1000 and Tk.1000-

1500 monthly respectively. A few negligible respondents (5%) spend tk. more than 1500 in

Internet monthly.

Table-20: Percentage distribution of the respondents by access to digital TV at home.

Digital Television Frequency Percentage (%)

Yes 85 85%

No 15 15%

Total:- 100 100%

Source: Field work

In the above table-20 shows that 85% of the respondents have digital TV at their home and

only 15% of the respondents have no digital TV set at home.

Chart-8: Now, we represent the above data through histogram.

Table-21: Percentage distribution of the respondents by TV viewer.

Digital TV viewer

Yes

No

Total:-

Source: Field work

The table-21 indicates that 95% of the respondents

do not watch TV.

Table-22:- Percentage distribution of the respondents by digital TV access level

Digital TV Access

Only for own use

Share with Others

Limited Access

Total:-

Source: Field work

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Mobile Phone User

Percentage of different Technology Users

67

Now, we represent the above data through histogram.

Percentage distribution of the respondents by TV viewer.


95 95%

5 5%

100 100%

that 95% of the respondents watch TV and only 5% of the respondents

Percentage distribution of the respondents by digital TV access level


17 17.90

68 71.55

10 10.55

95 100%

Computer User Internet Access Digital TV Access


Percentage%

95%

100%

watch TV and only 5% of the respondents

Percentage distribution of the respondents by digital TV access level

Percentage (%)

%

%

%

100%


Yes

No

Table-22 demonstrates that 17.95% of the respondents have access to digital TV only for own

use, highest 71.55% of the respondents have access to digital TV sharing with others and

only 10.55% of the respondents have limited access to digital TV.

Chart-9: Now, we represent the data through a Pie

Table-23:- Percentage distribution of the respondents by

Bangla Natok

Indian Bangla Serial

Bangla Movies

Hindi Movies

News

Source: Field work

*Multiple response were found in a single category

In the data table-23 shows that 97% of the respondents watch Bangla natok, 65% of the

respondents watch Indian Bangla Serial, 22% and 87% of the respondents watch Bangla and

Hindi Movies respectively. All of the respondents like News.

Share with others

68

demonstrates that 17.95% of the respondents have access to digital TV only for own


only 10.55% of the respondents have limited access to digital TV.

represent the data through a Pie-chart.

Percentage distribution of the respondents by watching programs.


97 97

65 65

22 22

87 87

100 100

Multiple response were found in a single category

23 shows that 97% of the respondents watch Bangla natok, 65% of the


respectively. All of the respondents like News.

Only for own use18%

Share with others71%

Limited Access11%

Digital TV Access

demonstrates that 17.95% of the respondents have access to digital TV only for own


watching programs.

Percentage (%)

23 shows that 97% of the respondents watch Bangla natok, 65% of the


Only for own use18%

69

Table-24:- Percentage distribution of the respondents by usefulness of digital technology in

higher education.

Technology is very useful

in higher education.


Yes 95 95

No 5 5

Total:- 100 100

Source: Field work

In the above data table-24 indicates that 95% of the respondents say technology is very useful

in higher education and a few negligible percent respondents say that technology is not useful

in higher education.

Table-25:- Percentage distribution of the respondents by usefulness of technology.

Technology is very useful

to


Prepare assignment, and,

monograph

86 86

Collect subject material 100 100

Know information 100 100

Know current news 100 100

Source: Field work

*Multiple response were found in a single category

The table-25 indicates that 86% of the respondents say that technology is very useful to

prepare assignment, proposal and monograph. 100% of the respondents say that technology is

useful to collect subject material, to know information, and to know current news.

70

Table-26: Percentage distribution of the respondents who agree or disagree with the

following statement.

Technology helps to get

better result in my subject.


Agree 69 69%

Neutral 20 20%

Disagree 11 11%

Total:- 100 100%

Source: Field work

The table-26 indicates that 69% of the respondents are agree to the statement that

“technology helps to get better result in my subject” because their argument is that

technology helps to know current knowledge about the world as higher education is basically

based on contemporary and current knowledge. 20% of the respondents are neutral to the

statement that “Technology helps to get better result in my subject.” 11% of the respondents

disagree to the statement that “Technology helps to get better result in my subject.” Their

argument is that student spends much of their time to engage with technology and the use

digital technology in wrong way.

Table-27: Percentage distribution of the respondents by their opinion to technology.

Technology helps to build

up my career in the long

term.


Agree 51 51%

Neutral 33 33%

Disagree 16 16%

Total:- 100 100%

Source: Field work

The table-27 indicates that 51% of the respondents agree to the statement that “technology

helps to build up my career in the long term” their argument is helps to know current

knowledge about the world as higher education is basically based on contemporary and

current knowledge, they also say that at present companies want to apply those person who

know computer well. 33% of the respondents are neutral to the statement that “technology

71

helps to build up my career in the long term.” 16% of the respondents disagree to the

statement that “technology helps to build up my career in the long term.” Their argument is

that student spends much of their time to engage with technology and the use digital

technology in wrong way.

Table-28: Percentage distribution of the respondents by opinion.

Technology helps to

know about the

contemporary world.


Agree 100 100

Neutral 0 0

Disagree 0 0

Total:- 100 100

Source: Field work

In the above table-28 data indicates that 100% of the respondents agree to the statement that

“Technology helps to know about the contemporary world.” Their argument is that today it is

possible to know the news of a corner of the world within shortest possible time with the

welfare of various kinds of digital technologies such as mobile, internet etc. There is no one

who disagree or neutral to this statement.

Table-29: Percentage distribution of the respondents by opinion

Technology helps to

prepare my assignment,

Monograph etc.


Agree 86 86

Neutral 14 14

Disagree 0 0

Total:- 100 100%

Source: Field work

Table-29 indicates that 86% of the respondents agree to the statement that “Technology helps

to prepare my assignment, Monograph etc.” 14% of the respondents are neutral to this

statement. 0% of the respondent is disagree to this statement.

72

Table-30: Percentage distribution of the respondents by the opinion “Technology helps to get

part time job opportunity.”

Technology helps to get

part time job opportunity


Agree 100 100

Neutral 0 0

Disagree 0 0

Total:- 100 100%

Source: Field work

Table-30 indicates that 100% of the respondents agree to the statement that “Technology

helps to get part time job opportunity.” 0% of the respondent is neutral and disagrees to this

statement.

Now, we can represent the data of Table-26, 27, 28, 29, and 30 through a Bar diagram.

Chart-10 Bar diagram on how digital technology helps

Table-31: Percentage distribution of the respondents by liking and disliking of Chinese and

Native food.

Strongly Like

Like

Dislike

Strongly Dislike

Neutral

Total:-

Source: Field work

*Multiple response were found in a single category.

Table-31 indicates that 52% of the respondents strongly like

Chinese food is very much delicious than native food,

To get better result in my subject

to build up my career in the long term.

to know about the contemporary world.

to prepare my assignment, Monograph etc.

to get part time job opportunity

Digital Technology helps

73

Bar diagram on how digital technology helps

: Percentage distribution of the respondents by liking and disliking of Chinese and

Native Food Chinese Food

Frequency Percentage% Frequency

17 17% 52

33 33% 23

27 27% 9

4 4% 5

19 19% 11

100 100% 100

*Multiple response were found in a single category.

% of the respondents strongly like Chinese food

Chinese food is very much delicious than native food, where only 17% of the respondents

0% 20% 40% 60% 80%

To get better result in my subject

to build up my career in the long term.

to know about the contemporary world.

to prepare my assignment, Monograph etc.

to get part time job opportunity

Digital Technology helps

Agree Neutral Disagree

: Percentage distribution of the respondents by liking and disliking of Chinese and

Chinese Food

Percentage%

52%

23%

9%

5%

11%

100%

Chinese food, they argue that

where only 17% of the respondents

80% 100%

strongly like native food, 33% of the respondents

respondents like Chinese food. 27

respondents dislike Chinese food

Chinese food. 19% of the respondents are neutral to native food and 11% of th

neutral to Chinese food.

Chart-11:

Now, we represent the above data through

Table-32: Percentage of the respondents

Bangladeshi Dress


Strongly

Like

26

Like 43

Dislike 7

Strongly

Dislike

3

Neutral 21

Total:- 100

Strongly Like

Like

Dislike

Strongly Dislike

Neutral

4%

Impact on Food Habit

74

% of the respondents like native food normally and 2

respondents like Chinese food. 27% of the respondents dislike native food

respondents dislike Chinese food. A negligible number of respondents strongly dislike

19% of the respondents are neutral to native food and 11% of th

Now, we represent the above data through Bar-diagram.

Percentage of the respondents by liking and disliking of dress

Bangladeshi Dress Indian Dress Western Dress

Percentage Frequency Percentage Frequency

26% 53 53% 24

43% 23 23% 36

7% 7 7% 19

3% 5 5% 8

21% 12 12% 13

100% 100 100% 100

17%

33%

27%

19%

52%

23%

9%

5%

11%

Impact on Food Habit

Native Food Chinese Food

like native food normally and 23% of the

and only 9% of the

A negligible number of respondents strongly dislike

19% of the respondents are neutral to native food and 11% of the respondents

Western Dress


24%

36%

19%

8%

13%

100%

Source: Field work


The above table-32 indicates that

whereas 21% and 24% of the respondents

respectively. 43% of the respondents like Native

dress and 36% of the respondents like Western dress. Only 7

Indian dress and Native dress

of the respondents are neutral that means they neither like nor dislike Bangladeshi, Indian and

Western dress respectively..

Chart-12:

Strongly Like

Like

Dislike

Strongly Dislike

Neutral

26%

7%

3%

Bangladeshi Dress

75


32 indicates that highest 53% of the respondents strongly like

of the respondents strongly like native food

spondents like Native dress, 23% of the respondents like Indian

dress and 36% of the respondents like Western dress. Only 7% of the respondents dislike

Native dress, 19% of the respondents dislike Western. 21%, 12% and 13%

respondents are neutral that means they neither like nor dislike Bangladeshi, Indian and

26%

43%

7%

3%

21%

53%

23%

7%

5%

12%

36%

19%

8%

13%

Impact on Dress

Bangladeshi Dress Indian Dress Western Dress

% of the respondents strongly like Indian dress,

and Western food

, 23% of the respondents like Indian

% of the respondents dislike

21%, 12% and 13%

respondents are neutral that means they neither like nor dislike Bangladeshi, Indian and

24%

36%

13%

Chart-13: Percentage of distribution of the respondents by choosing movies.

The chart-13 indicates that Most of the respondents 54

of the respondents strongly like English movies where only 10

like Bangla movies. They argued that Bangla movies is mostly back worded and theme of all

movies almost same on the other hand Hindi and English movies are mostly modern and

technology based. They said that there is much opportunities to watch all kinds of Hindi or

English movies or programs with the welfare of satellite TV, and internet.

respondents strongly dislike Hindi movies where 10

Bangla movies. And it is 10% for English movies.

movies whereas only 8% and 17% of the respondents dislike Hindi and we

Strongly Like

Like

Dislike

Strongly Dislike

Neutral

10%

25%

13%

5% 9%

Impact on Watching Movies

Bangla Movies

76

Percentage of distribution of the respondents by choosing movies.

that Most of the respondents 54% strongly like Hindi movies and 24

ike English movies where only 10% of the respondents strongly


almost same on the other hand Hindi and English movies are mostly modern and

They said that there is much opportunities to watch all kinds of Hindi or

English movies or programs with the welfare of satellite TV, and internet.

ly dislike Hindi movies where 10% of the respondents strongly dislike

% for English movies. 47% of the respondents dislike Bangla

only 8% and 17% of the respondents dislike Hindi and we

25%

47%

54%

24%

8%

5%

9%

38%

21%

17%

10%

14%

Impact on Watching Movies

Bangla Movies Hindi Movies English Movies

Percentage of distribution of the respondents by choosing movies.

trongly like Hindi movies and 24%

% of the respondents strongly


almost same on the other hand Hindi and English movies are mostly modern and

They said that there is much opportunities to watch all kinds of Hindi or

English movies or programs with the welfare of satellite TV, and internet. Only 5% of the

% of the respondents strongly dislike

47% of the respondents dislike Bangla

only 8% and 17% of the respondents dislike Hindi and western movies.

Chart-14:- The Bar-diagram represents the impact of digital technology on culture.

In the Chart-14:- indicates that 38

of the respondents strongly like Western culture

native culture. 26% of the respondents like Indian culture

culture and 23% of the respondents like Western culture. 7% of the respondents strongly

dislike native culture, 10% and 2

culture.

0%

Strongly Like

Like

Dislike

Strongly Dislike

Neutral

19%

23%

7%

15%

10%

Native Culture

77

gram represents the impact of digital technology on culture.

indicates that 38% of the respondents strongly like Indian culture

like Western culture and 36% of the respondents strongly like

26% of the respondents like Indian culture 19% of the respondents


dislike native culture, 10% and 28% of the respondents strongly dislike Indian and Western

20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

36%

19%

23%

15%

38%

26%

18%

10%

8%

29%

23%

11%

28%

9%

Native Culture Indian Culture Western Culture

gram represents the impact of digital technology on culture.

like Indian culture and 29%

% of the respondents strongly like

of the respondents like Native


8% of the respondents strongly dislike Indian and Western

100% 120%

78

Table-33:- Percentage distribution of the respondents by spending their leisure time

Frequency Percentage %

Playing games on Mobile 68 68

Listening FM Radio 62 62

Watching Videos on Computer 65 65

Chatting on Facebook 73 73

Computer Learning 55 55

Talking with friends via mobile

phone

84 84

Playing video games on

computer

67 67

Source: Field work


In the table-32 indicates that 68% of the respondents spend their leisure time by playing

games on mobile, 62% of the respondent spent their leisure time by listening FM Radio. 65%,

73%, and 43% of the respondents spend their leisure time by watching videos on computer,

chatting on facebook, and computer learning respectively. 84% of the respondents spend by

talking with friends through mobile phone and 67% of the respondents spend their leisure

time by playing video games on computer.

Chart-15: Now, we can represent the data through Bar

Table-34:- Opinion of the res

technology.”

I can’t imagine going

without technology

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Total:-

Source: Field work

In the data of table-33 indicates that

technology, only 7% of the resp

agree on the opinion about technology that “I can’t imagine going without technology”.

Chart-16: Now, we represent the above data through Pie

It is possible to represent the data through Pie

Playing games on Mobile

Listening FM Radio

Watching Videos on Computer

Chatting on Facebook

Computer Learning

Talking with friends via mobile phone

Playing video games on computer

Students spend their leisure time by

79

can represent the data through Bar-diagram.

Opinion of the respondents on the point of view “I can’t imagine

I can’t imagine going Frequency Percentage (%)

88 88

7 7

5 5

100 100

indicates that 88% of the respondents agree on the view about

7% of the respondents are neutral. A few negligible respondents do

opinion about technology that “I can’t imagine going without technology”.

Now, we represent the above data through Pie- chart.

It is possible to represent the data through Pie-chart properly.

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

Playing games on Mobile

Listening FM Radio

Watching Videos on Computer

Chatting on Facebook

Computer Learning

Talking with friends via mobile phone

Playing video games on computer


I can’t imagine going without

Percentage (%)

88%

7%

5%

100%

agree on the view about

ondents are neutral. A few negligible respondents do not

opinion about technology that “I can’t imagine going without technology”.

70% 80% 90%


Table-35:- Opinion of the respondents on the point of view “Technology takes up almost all

my pastime.”

“Technology takes up

almost all my pastime”

Agree

Neutral

Disagree

Total:-

Source: Field work In the data of table-34 indicates that

“technology takes up almost all my pastime

the influential technology of modern period we use this technology to communicate, play

games watching videos etc, They argued that they use mobile phone one of the important

companion of them. 11% of the re

not agree on the view about technology.

Agree88%

Opininon of the Respondents

80

respondents on the point of view “Technology takes up almost all

“Technology takes up Frequency Percentage (%)

63 63

11 11%

26 26%

100 100

indicates that 63% of the respondents agree

takes up almost all my pastime”, because they argue that mobile phone is one of


videos etc, They argued that they use mobile phone one of the important

% of the respondents are neutral and rest 26% of the respondents are

not agree on the view about technology.

Neutral7%

Disagree5%

Others5%

Opininon of the Respondents

respondents on the point of view “Technology takes up almost all

Percentage (%)

63%

11%

26%

100%

on the view that

mobile phone is one of


videos etc, They argued that they use mobile phone one of the important

% of the respondents are

Disagree

Chart-17: Now, it is possible to

Neutral11%

Disagree26%

Opinion of the Respondents about

81

Now, it is possible to represent the above data through Pie- chart

Agree63%

Opinion of the Respondents about Technology

chart properly.

Agree

Opinion of the Respondents about

82

Case Study

Case study 1

Afroza Akter (23) is a student of Jagannath University, Department of Political Science, 3rd

Batch 4th year. She is from Madaripur and living at Dhaka. She is interested to BD jobs. Two

years ago in 2010, she joined a seminar in the central Auditorium of Jagannath University in

which students from different departments joined. During the seminar Ms. Afroza introduced

with Mr. Sumon who was a student of the Department of Sociology and he was from Jessore.

They exchanged their address and phone number. Gradually they shared all about their

personal and family affairs via mobile phone. Sometimes they met face to face with one

another. According to their opinion, day by day interpersonal communication and mental

dependency between each other increased. After a long sharing they mutually decided to get

married and accordingly did so without their family permission.

Case Study 2

Ms. Ferzana Nargis (21) is a student of Jagannath University, Department of Economics. She

is from Rajshahi. She admitted in Economics in 2011. After admitting in the department she

introduced with a lot of friends. Mr. Habib was his best friends and they help each other. For

this reason they communicate via mobile phone gradually they exchange their personal and

family affairs and began to love each other. They spend a lot of time talking with mobile

phone every day they came at University without any reasonable causes. They talked each

other through mobile phone at least 5 to 6 hours in a day. They also spent a lot of money in

mobile phone. Every month she has to borrow money from her roommate thus she had a lot

of loan. Finally she failed on three subjects in second semester and could not able to admit

into 3rd semester. Resulting of this she had to loss one semester.

83

Case Study 3

Mr. Firoz Al Mamun (19) is a student of Jagannath University, department of Statistics, 1st

semester 5th batch. He is from Shatkhira. He lives with his friends in a mass in Dhaka. He is

only one son of his parents. His parents always worried about him as sometimes political

unrest begin among the students and severe violence is begun between two political groups in

the campus. So every day he must has to communicate with his family and mobile is the only

one via in this regard. He communicates with his parents at least more than four times in a

day through mobile phone. He says, “it is quite impossible to spend one day without mobile

phone to me. It would be really impossible to me to stay here without communicating with

my family members.”

Case Study 4

Vupesh Sarker (24) is a student of Jagannath University, department of Statistics, 3rd Batch

8th Semester. He is from Khulna. He admitted in Jagannath University in 2008. After

admitting, he bought a Laptop in 2009, when he was at 3rd semester. At the same time, he

bought an Internet connection (Qubee monthly sky package) at the rate of Tk.1250 monthly.

Besides this he has two mobiles and he also use Internet via mobile phone. All day long he

would busy with communication and information technologies. He would busy with

downloading various kinds of Hindi and English Movies, others videos and audios, Face

book chatting. Even when he was outside of his room, he used mobile Internet. Sometimes

he carried his Laptop outside of his room. He spent at least 8-9 hours in these activities in a

day. Every night he would sleep at 3 or 4 am. So he could not get up early in the morning and

every day he missed the first class. Sometimes he could not attend any class. Resulting of this

gradually he result down wording and lost his class position. His present CGPA is 3.06 where

at the 3rd semester was 3.82.

84

Chapter-7 Analysis of the Findings

7.1 Quantitative data analysis

7.2Qualitative data analysis

85

7.1 Quantitative data analysis The emergence of digital technology like mobile phone, digital television, computer, Internet

etc. has affected our lives in many ways, from how we receive our daily news to the quality

of our mass media entertainment and the ways we conduct our personal communications. In

my research, 61% off the respondents are male and 39% are female respondents. Most of the

students are Muslims and only 19% of the students are Hindus. My research is driven

basically to know the impact of digital technology on Young Generation. The selected results

of the quantitative data are presented within the following four Technologies namely Mobile

phone, Computer, Internet and digital television. The socio economic impact of these digital

technologies collected from my survey is the following:

In my research, all the respondents use mobile phone. 90% of the respondents use

multimedia mobile phone and 68.79% of the respondents play games on mobile phone. The

students spend much money and time through talking with others and playing games. I am

astonished to see that 38% of the respondents use mobile phone to communicate 3-4 hours

per day and most of the time they communicate with a particular person. 38% of the

respondents spend Tk.1000-1500 monthly on mobile. And thus they lose money and time it is

the major impact of mobile phone. 73% of the respondents have a personal computer most of

the time they use computer to play video games and to watch movies. 53.44% of the

respondents use computer to play games. Most of the respondent opinion that technology

increases the dependency to the technologies.

86

7.2. Conclusion

The development of a modern society depends to a large extent on the nature and standard of

education. Thus the role of education is to prepare competent, knowledgeable and far sighted

people for assuming various responsibilities. The growing importance of knowledge in the

modern world can hardly be over emphasized, especially in the era of globalization and in a

global environment which is fiercely competitive. Particularly education has enormous

potential to promote prosperity in the developing nations. In these contexts, education should

be standard, welfare and sustainable development orientated.

My research findings confirm neither the most positive nor the most negative conclusions in

the literature on the impact of digital technology on sociability. Based on the data I gathered

it is not accurate to say that these youth are so glued to their screens that they avoid, don’t

take time for, or don’t value personal, face-to-face, “deep” relationships with friends, family

and others. It is however accurate to assert that my respondents use a wide variety of digital

technologies, mainly to sustain relationships, especially those that matter most, but also to

build a wide network of “friends” that range from people they barely know to their most

intimate connections. They still value face-to-face connection, which is perceived as more

intimate, personal, and “real,” as they find these connections more satisfying and meaningful.

However, they also see value in the less intimate, impersonal forms of connection for

particular purposes.

My respondents sometimes use digital technologies for quick, routine communication.

Although it might seem superficial, they see it more as a substitute for communication rather

than substituting for deeper communication when geographic distance or being busy would

otherwise mean no contact at all. These technologies make it much easier to maintain

connections across geographic distance, and are convenient and easy. Furthermore, the

respondents associate different technologies with different kinds of connections and

sometimes with different kinds of people in their lives, therefore, having multiple options of

ways to contact and be in touch with people is, in their opinion, mainly good.

7.3. Recommendation Technology is recognized as one of the key elements for building an empowered knowledge base society to meet the demands and challenges of the 21st century. But there are some limitations in present education system. Some recommendations are discuss here to solve this limitation:

87

References:

1. Giddens, Anthony. (2006) Sociology. P: 598-605.

2. Ritzer. George. Modern Sociological Theory. P: 140-143.

3. Barker, Chris. (2003), Cultural Studies. P: 66-69

4. Schaefer, Richard. T. (2003) Sociology. New York: McGraw Hill Companies.

Publication.

5. Aminuzzaman. M. Salahuddin. (1999). Introduction to Social Research. Bangladesh

Publishers. Dhaka, Bangladesh.

6. Severin, W.J. (1988), Communication Theories. P: 216-222.

7. Held, David (1980), Introduction to Critical Theory. P: 77-100.

8. McQuail, Denis. (1987). Mass Communication Theory. London: SAGE Publication.

9. Holtz. Shel. 2005. The impact of new technologies on internal communication. Melcrum

Publishing Ltd. PP.22-23

10. Morino, Mario. (1997). The Impact of Technology on Youth in 21st century.

11. Haque, Kamrul. (1995). Impact of Bangladesh Television on Young Generation.

12. Aviram, A. & Talmi D. (2004a). The Impact of ICT on education: the three

opposed paradigms, the lacking discourse. Accessed, 20 August 2009.

13. Naismith, L., Lonsdale, P., Vavoula, G. & Sharples, M. (2004). Literature Review in

Mobile Technologies and Learning: Report 11. Bristol: futurelab.

14. Kybartaite, Asta. 2010. The Impact of Modern Educational Technologies on Learning

Outcomes. Tampere University of Technology: Publication 901.

15. Coyle, C.L. & Voughn, H. (2008). Social Networking: Communication Revolution.

16. Islam, S.M. Fakhrul. Impact of Modern Technology Adoption on Output Growth and

Sustainability of Major Cereal Production in Bangladesh.

17. Poole, David. (2011). Digital Transitions and the Impact of New Technology on the Arts.

Canadian Public Arts Funders.

18. Yves Punie, Dieter Zinnbauer and Marcelino Cabrera (2006) . A Review of the Impact of

ICT on Learning. European Commutions, 2008.

19. Brignall, Thomas W. 2005. “The Impact of Internet Communications on Social

Interaction.” Sociological Spectrum. 25: 335-348

88

APPENDIX ONE

Interview Schedule

On

The Impact of Digital Technology on Young Generation

This survey is designed to investigate the use of digital technology by the students of Jagannath University in their study and daily activities. This research is being conducted by Md. Jahangir Hossain, a student Department of Sociology, 4th year 8th semester, Jagannath University, Dhaka. Like every student of Sociology as a final year student I have to conduct a survey research directly participating on the field. My research topic is “the Impact of Digital Technology on Young Generation”.

For this purpose, honorable respondent kindly help me by giving the following information properly. I am assuring that, your provided information used for my research monograph only.

____________________________________________________________________

1. Background Information Name: ………………………………………………Department……………………………………………

Roll No……………………………… Semester……………………. Year…………………………

Batch No: ……………………………….. Session…………………………..

Gender: Religion:

Male Islam Female Hindu

Age: Christian

18-19 Years Buddhist 20-21 Years 22-23 Years 24-25 Years 26-27 Years

Mobile No: ……………………………. Email: ………………………………….

Home District: …………………………………….

2. Access to Technology: 2.1 Please indicate, whether you own the following technologies:

Mobile Phone without Multimedia Yes No

Mobile phone with Multimedia Yes No

Desktop Computer Yes No

Laptop Computer Yes No Broad Band Internet Access Yes No

Wireless (Modem) Internet Access Yes No WiFi Internet Access Yes No

89

2.2 Please indicate, whether you have the following technologies in your home: Digital Television Yes No

Digital Video game Yes No

Digital Camera Yes No

Desktop Computer Yes No

Laptop Computer Yes No

Broad Band Internet Access Yes No

Wireless Internet Access Yes No

2.3 Please indicate access to computer and Internet at home and University:

At Home At University

Yes No Yes No

Desktop Computer o o o o Laptop Computer o o o o

Broad Band Internet Access

o o o o

Wireless Internet Access

o o o o

WiFi Internet Access

o o o o

2.4 Please use the table to indicate the level of access to different type of technologies:

2.5 Please indicate, how many technologies do you have from the following?

3. Technologies to assist University Students’ learning: 3.1 Please indicate the extent to which you agree or disagree with the following statement.

I want to use technology in my studies because it: Strongly Agree

Neutral Strongly Disagree

Will help me to get better result in my subject o o o

Will help to collect my subjects note o o o

Will help in my Assignment/ Research Monograph o o o

Will improve my information management skill o o o

Will improve my career in the long turn o o o

Will help me to know about the contemporary world o o o

Will help to get job information o o o

Types of technologies Access exclusively for

my own use

Access any time I need it, share

with other.

Limited or Inconvenient

access

No Access

Desktop Computer o o o o

Laptop Computer o o o o

Mobile Phone without Multimedia o o o o

Mobile Phone with Multimedia o o o o

Broad Band Internet o o o o

Wireless Internet o o o o

E-mail ID o o o o

Facebook Account o o o o

WiFi Internet Access o o o o

Digital Television o o o o

90

Will give me part time job opportunity o o o

3.2 Please indicate, in which cases do you use the following technologies: Strongly Agree Neutral Strongly

Disagree I use Mobile Phone:

To communicate with others o o o To play games o o o To listen FM Radio o o o To watch video o o o To take photos and videos o o o

I use Computer: To prepare assignment, proposal, and monograph

o o o

To watch video and to listen audio o o o To play video games o o o

I use Internet: To collect information and subject materials. o o o To download videos and audios o o o To get job News o o o To chat in Facebook/ E-mail o o o To write in blog o o o To data entry o o o To earn Money o o o

4. Use of Technology:

Billow is a list of different Information and communication technology can be used. Please indicate:

1. “How Often”, on average, you have used technology in each way over the past year. 2. “How Skilled”, you are at using technology in each way. 3. If you do not use a particular technology please tick NU and won’t provide a skill

rating.

How Often NU

Ways in which technology can be used

Les

s t

han

1 ho

ur

in a

day

1-2

Hou

rs i

n a

day

3-4

Hou

rs

in

a da

y

Mor

e th

an 5

H

ours

in

a da

y

Sev

eral

ti

mes

in

a

wee

k

Sev

eral

ti

mes

in

a

mon

th.

Onc

e a

mon

th

Not

Use

d

Mobile phone to communicate o o

Mobile phone to play game o Mobile phone to take photos and to watch video.

o

Mobile phone to listen FM Radio

o

Computer to play games o o Computer to watch Movies o o

Computer to prepare assignment, monogram etc.

o o

Use the Internet to collect Information.

o o

91

The Internet to chat in facebook o o The Internet to download audio/video

o o

5. Importance of the technologies for studying in this Subject:

Please indicate how useful each of the following technologies is or would be in your studies:

In your studies how useful do you think it would be…..

Extremely Useful Neutral Not at All Useful

Multimedia Mobile phone o o o Desktop computer o o o Laptop computer o o o Facebook Account o o o E-mail ID o o o Broad Band Internet access o o o Wireless (Modem) Internet access o o o To stay Individual Web address of every Department

o o o

6. Please indicate, how do you spend your leisure time?

Playing games in Mobile phone Yes No

Listening FM Radio in mobile phone Yes No

Watching videos/MP3/Moves on Mobile phone Yes No

Playing video games on Computer Yes No

Articles writing in Internet Yes No

Talking with friends through mobile Yes No

Chatting in Facebook Yes No

Reading Paper/books in Internet Yes No

Computer Learning Yes No

Watching Movies/Plays on Computer Yes No

7. Please indicate, how much money do you spend monthly for your technologies?

Technology Less than 500 500-1000 1000-1500 More than

1500 Mobile o o o o

Television o o o o

Computer o o o o

Laptop o o o o

Broad Band Internet o o o o

Wireless Internet o o o o

8. What is your opinion about technology?

Strongly Agree

Neutral Not Agree

I can’t imagine going without technology o o o

I often use technology for longer than I intend. o o o

“I try to stop using technology, but I can’t.” o o o

Technology use take up almost all my pastime. o o o

92

I keep using technology, though I know it isn’t good for me.

o o o

9. Please indicate, whether you like or dislike from the following

Strongly like Like Neutral Dislike Strongly

dislike Chinese Food o o o o o

Native Food o o o o o

Western Culture o o o o o

Indian Culture o o o o o

Indigenous Culture o o o o o

Bollywood Movies o o o o o

Hollywood Movies o o o o o

Dhaliwood Movies o o o o o

Indian Bangla Movies/Serials o o o o o

Western Dress o o o o o

Indian Dress o o o o o

Bangladeshi Dress o o o o o

Govt. Job o o o o o

Technology Related Job (graphics, web design, etc.)

o o o o o

Private Job/Bank Job o o o o o

Playing Video games on computer

o o o o o

To listen FM Radio on the way through headphone.

o o o o o

10. Why do you like these? (More than one answer is possible).

a) High Quality c) Durability e) Popularity b) Attractiveness d) High Demand

11. Why do you dislike these? (More than one answer is possible).

a) Low Quality b) Less Durability c) Low Demand

12. Please list two ways in which you think the technologies that you use in your everyday life could be useful in your studies.

1. ………………………………………………………………………………………

2. ………………………………………………………………………………………

.……………………….. ……/……./2012

Respondent’s Signature Date

===========Thank you for providing your valuable information==========

93

APPENDIX TWO

Check List:-

Respondent’s Name………………………..Age………………………

Department………………………. Roll No…………………………..

Batch No………………Semester ……………………………………..

Sex: Religion:

Male Islam Female Hindu

Christian Buddhist

1. Life Style o Food Habit o Dress-up o Passing Leisure Time

2. Closeness with family, friends and peer groups. 3. Consuming cultural product.

o Listening to music

o Habit of reading book

4. Performing religious activities

5. Media habit

o Print Media

A. Reading Newspaper

B. Reading Magazines

o Electronic Media

A. Listening FM Radio

B. Watching both Bangladeshi and satellite TV

6. Influence of Technology as a whole

7. Performance of Internet browsing

8. Performance in using Computer

9. Permissiveness

o Smoking

o Taking drugs and Alcohol

o Accessing Tomography

o Extent of men and women relationship

Impact of Digital Technology on Young Generation: A Sociological Study

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