I/K -A V IL L b

T H R O U G H

G E R MAN Y ,B O H EM I A

,HUN G ARY ,

SW I TZERLAND ,I TALY

,and LORRAI N .

I ?L, Giving a T R U E and JU S T

E s c R I P T I N4!

O F T H E

P R E S E N T S TAT E of thofe C O U N T R I E S ;

T H E I R

NATURAL, L I T ERARY, and POLI T I CAL H I S T O RY ; MANNER S, LAWS,C OM M E R C E , MANUFACT URE S , PA I NT I NG , S CULPTURE , ARCH I TECTURE.CO I NS, ANT I QQ I T I ES , C UR I OS I T I E S ofART and NATURE, SCC.

I L L U S T R AT E D

Wi th C o P P E R—P LAT E s , engraved from Drawings taken on the Spot.

By J O H N G E O R G E K E Y S L E R,

Fellow of the R O YA L S O C I E T Y in L ONDON.

Careful ly tranflated from the Second Edition of ‘

the G E R M AN.

I N F O U R V O L U M E S .

V O I

T H E S E C O N D E D I T I O N.

L 0 N D O N :

P rinted for A. L I NDE, Bookfel ler to her Royal H ighnefs the Princefé Dowager

of WALES , in Catbm‘

ne-firm in the Strand and T . F I ELD, at theWheatthe Corner of Pater-Noficr-Raw, Ch ap/Ida.

MDCC LVI I .Leg

C O N T E N T S

O F T H E

F O U R T H V O L U M E .

L E T T E R LXXX.

Sequel of the Journey through the Du tch ies of Carmela and Sti r ia to

Vienna , Page I

L E T T E R LXXX I .ADefcription of the C ity ofVienna ,

L E T T E R LXXXI I .Further Account of the Ci ty ofVienna , with fome Obfervations on theImperial Court, 2 8

L E T T E R LXXXI I I .Some farther Obfervations on the Imperial Court,

L E T T E R LXXX IV.

Journey to th e M ines in Upper Hungary , and from thence to Buda ,Raab, Komara , 66C.

L E T T E R LXXXV.

Journey fromVienna to P rague,‘

with a Defcription of the latter,

L E T T E R LXXXVI .

Account of the City ofDre/den

L E T T E R LXXXVI I .

Defcription of the King’

s Country Seat or Palace . at P i lnitz,Kanigfiein, and hisMajefty

’

s Hunting-Seat at Hubertsburg ,

L E T T E R LXXXVI I I .

Acount of Leiy ick andHal/e,

L E T T E R

i

c o Ni

T E N T s.

L E T T E R LXXXIX .

Journey from Halle to Egfieéen,and from thence through Melfebarg,

Zena , Weymar , Erfurt, Gorba , and the Forefl of Tbar ingen to Ca

urg ,Page 743

L E‘

T T E R XC .

AnAccount of Bareitb and Bamberg ,

L E T T E R XCI .

Account of Panzmeryield and Cbr i/i ian-Er lang ,

L E T T E R XCI I .

Account of the C ity of Nuremberg ,

L E T T E R XCI I I .

Account Of the City of Rati sbon,

L E T.T E R CXIV.

Of the prefent State of the general Diet at Ratisbon,

L E T T E R XCV.

Journey from Ratisbon to Hei lbron,

L E T T E R XCVI .Account of Heidelberg , Manheim,

and the Bergflrefl , or MountainRoad, 254.

L E .T T E R XCVI I .

Account ofDarmfiadt, Franckfort, Mentz, and Landau ,

L E T T E R XCVI I I .Account of Lunev i lle, Nancy , and the Court of Lorra in,

AP P E N D I X .

PART I . Containing a Military Survey of a greatPart of Suaaia , Page I

PART I I . Some Refleétions on the Reduéi ion of the q ea’s Crown

“

Lands, 8 c. 46PART I I I . ATable of the Foil -Stages, mentioned in the precedingTravels, 6 3

‘

T RAVE L S

.T A v E L sT H R O U G H

GERMANY, I TALY, SW I TZERLAND,

L E T T E R‘

L'

XXX.

Sequel of the j ourney through the dutchie'

sof Carniola and

Sti r ia toVienna.

PPER Laubach is a {mal l town about th ree leagues from the

City of Laubaeb. The Stor ia orboat that goes by the canal

takes up four hours in the pafi'

age and every pafi'

enger pays

feventeen ‘ cruitzers for the boat, and as much to each rower.

The country is level , and for its fertility not inferior to the

greatefi art of the Ug ber Carniola. They have general ly two harvefis a

year, an when thewheat, barley or rye is carried in, they fow buck-wheat.The heft fpot in the whole country i s that about lVipacb, on the bordersof the county

'

of°Gar itia , where the fruit and vintage rival thofe of

Jim/y and the rivers produce fuch finefifh, that laftyear a trou tweighingforty pounds was taken in one of them. But amidf’t this pl enty of the

fruits of the earth there. is a great fcarcity ofmoney in th is country.

Mr . Valfvaj br’

s defcription of the dutchy of Carniola, has gained himValvnfor’r a.

great reputation among .foreigners ; but his own countrymen

r ;

VOL. IV. B themfelves

ACruitzer is 173 of a penny Ru ling.

P i ng/b i l iary .

C A R N I O L A and

themfelves l ittl ’

e beholden to h im for his exaggerating defcriptions. I t

feems he makes a palace of every nobleman’

s houfe, and a lordlh ip of

the fpot of land belonging to it, wh ich is often very inconfiderable. Th isintended honou r they had much rather have been without ; not fromhumil ity or modelty, bu t becaufe (as in other laces ) the taxes and im

pofl s annual ly increafe here and infiead of t e expected abatements,

the minifiry, in anfwer to the remonftrances of the inhabitants al ledgingthe poverty of the country and its inability to bear any additional burthen,

appeal to this bookwritten by a native and inhabitant ofCarniola , in whichit is reprefented as a land flowing with mi lk and honey, and of inex

hauftible opu lence . The {tates affirm that Val‘vaj br received a ducat for

every page of h is work, by way of penfion and prefents .

Themolt remarkab le town for commerce in al l Carniola is Lack,where

they carry on a confiderable trade not only in iron, flee], qu ickfilver,corn and other commodities,which are alfo fold in other towns ofCarniola ,

but a great quantity of l inen is made here, wh ich is fent to Fiurne and

Tr iefle. Salt is the only thing wanting, which the fubjeéts are obligedto purchafe at the imperial magazines 5 and fromthefe they get only feathlt, which they refine by a fecond boiling .

I n feveral parts of this dutchy, particularly in Upper Carniola , fcorpionsare very nu merou s ; and greatQuantities are exported from hence . The

inhabitants eatFleabane fall ing, as an i antidote again l’r the venom of thofe

creatures. They alfo recommend the fol lowing recipe as an infal l ibleprefervative againlt the bite of a viper or any venomous creatu re, v iz.

Early in themorning to eat the heart of a viper opened al ive, or to {wal lowI t raw, and drink a l ittle water after it.

Carniala being a mountainous country, abounds in petrefaél ions , and

particu larly q fl'

apetrae, which are no other than {harks teeth, cal led

by the vulgar, the dev i l’

s nai ls .

‘

Thewaterofthe canal of‘Lauéaeb emits a very difagreeable fmell .After

running thro’

the City, it divides itfelf into two branches. On the righthandin coming from Upper Laubach fiands the cafile ofLanbaeb, on an emi

nence beautifu lly cultivated and at the foot of the h il l is that part of'

the city ofLaubach inwh ich are the market, the town houfe, the cathe

dral and’ epifcopalp alace'

. The other part on the left is the largeft, and“

is embell i lhed with feveral handfome bu i ldings . The‘

number of inhabitants in this ci ty is compu ted to be twelve thoufand . The cathedral is

finely painted , and under the cupola are four fiatues of the (h p 0d bifhops

of'

the antiEiI t E w en/Er o r dioeefe of namely t. Maxzmur,

Gennaai‘mand 3&k . Thefirft is (aid to have l ived in .

the year 210, the fecond in the year 368, and the third in the year . 503 ,

after the h ub of Chrifi.

‘

S T I R I A..3

I n the d agufiiner Church , beh ind the high altar, is a Cafafanta in imita Augufl iuestation of that at Loretta ; in which is an infcription , in memory of the ‘bW b'

homage done to h is Imperial Majel’ty, in this church , in the year 172 8 .

The Udeline nuns have here a very beautifu l l ight church but when the

irnprovements nowmaking in St. Peter’

s church are finifhed, it wil l be oneof the finelt in the city . At the Jefu its Church is a f uperb marble altar

and fou r fiatues, which are wel l worth feeing. Their library is verywel l contrived . The fathers have fpacious wine vau l ts, capable of con

taining 3ooo pipes ; which is not to be wondered at, as molt of therents of their eftates are paid in wine.

On the ninth of ffune I was entertained here with the procefiion on CorpusChrimCorpus

-Cbr ifl i -Day , at which the inhabitants of the vil lages belonging tofifii v d '

the city pari lhes attend with colours, (f c. The peafants wives roar out

their Sclawnian hymns, and difplay at once their finery, and ik i ll in finging.

I n the procefii on they alfo carry bundles of grafs, with which they comeinto the church , and touch the gofpel book, being perfuaded that the grafsderives a particu lar virtue from the book, and then mix it with hay forthe cattle.

The more ignorant people are, the fironger is their bigotry and attachment to a feét or party. Pope Benedic

‘i‘the X I I I

’

s order (tho’

he publ ifhed

a bul l for that purpofe, ) that thi s fentence, P rai/ed be tbe Lord j darCbrgflfor ever , Amen, fhould be ufed infl ead of a common falutation or

compl iment, has met with l ittle regard in other parts of I taly ; but atTr ig/la,Fiurne and in the neighbouring parts , th is form already obtains , even withimprovements, fuch as, praij ed beydizr andMary ; to which the anfwer is

for ever , Amen. At the church is to be feen a large iron Chain whichgoes round the whole ed ifice, and was the votive piece of a captive whooffered it upon recovering his l iberty, according to a vow he had made.

About a quarter Of a league from Laubaeb the river Sane runs with a Tb: f iner

rapid fi ream, which ilfues from the high mountains near the vil lage ofSave.

Razfibaeb and is here (0 increafed , that the bridge over it is five

hundred and forty five common paces in length . This bridge (as appears by an infeription ) was completed in the year 1724in the reign of

the Emperor Cbar les VI . I t is built only of oak ; bu t every year i n

arch of freel’rone is to be added , and part of one is already bu ilt. On theother fide of the bridge (lands awhitemarbleftatue of St.Neparnucenar ona pedeftal of white and red marble, which is adorned with a fine baflb relieve reprefenting the death of that Saint, whowas thrown into th is riverand was drowned . The letters of the infCription are ofgilt brafs fafiencdwith (mai l tacks ; but of there the peafants have already taken away a

great many, fuppofing them to be gold .

B a From

CAR N I O L A and

From Laubaeb to Gratz in Sti r ia are ten fiages . The third from theformer, namely , from St. Ofwald to Franze, is very mountainous ; and

on the road is a (tone infcribed with thefe words , Fines Carniolia’

, whichmarks the l imits betwixt the dutchy of Carniola and the county of Ci lia] .

About twenty paces on th is fide of it is a pyramid erected on a black marblebafe, on the top of which i s a marble eagle with expanded wings ,looking towards Carniola , with a globe and fceptre in its claws . On each

fide of it is an infcription extol ling with the rofleflAdu lation the bountyof Cbar ler VI . in mending the roads, tfie loyalty of the Rates of

the

k

country, the ik ill and diligence of the perfons employed in the

wor Es’c.

The roads thro’

Carniola and Sti r ia , tho’

the country he fo very mountainou s , are extremely good . The mak ing of thefe roads at firfl was not a

li ttle burthenfome to the fubje&s ; but, as they are now completed, theexpence of keeping them in order is not very great, confidering the ia

finite advantage good roads are of both to the country and to travel lers .

Firfl , al l the flones that lay in the road were made ufe of to ralfe

it to a proper height. On each fide i s a ditch made wi th large

{tones wel l compaéted , and the middle between thefe d itches; confifis

of afiratunzof flint flones beaten fmal l . Th is is covered with fand mixedwith a kind of clay, which makes the road very fmooth and hard, like a

threlhing floor . The greatefl care is taken to repair thefe roads ; and

the labourers, who have good wages for that purpofe, have their dwel lingsalong the fide of the roads, that they may be at hand to keep them in

good order.Ci lley is a mean town ; but it l ies in a pleafant country on the banks

of the river Saan.

I n going to Al abrburg you crofs the Drain, called by the inhabitantsDrag but th is river is not very wel l flock

’

d with fifh .

Ehmhaufen. Ebrnban/en is one flage from Mabrburg , and fome part of th is roadexhibits a Charming profpeét.On the otherfide of Ebrnban/én the road l ies acrofs the river Mnebre,

twice in the difl ance of a league ; which fhews that fome maps are not

fo exaél: as they fhou ld be, tho’

I have l ittle to objeél: againfl that of

Stir ia by Seater .

Language The Sclavonian language is fpoken by the commonalty til l you comewithin a fewmiles ofGratz ; tho

’

from the frontie the ufe of

that dialeCt begins to decreafe. The gentry here Ger

man and I talian and fome of the better fort underfiand Pranab. I ufed

to wonder, when I travel led in P iedmont to hear the common people ex

prefs themfelves fluently in Freneb, I talian and P iedmontej e But thofe

three dialec'

ts have a much nearer affinity with each other, and confe

3

S T I R I A.

fequently are more eafily acqu ired , than the three languages ufed by

great numbers of people in th is country, as they differ extremelyfrom each other .

Gratz,the capital of the Dutchy of Sti r ia , is wel l bu ilt ; the fireets Grate .

being fpaciou s and well laid out. The cafile flands on a very high h il l ,and has the conveniency of a wel l , wh ich

.

has acommunication with the

Mae/ore. Agood armory, and magazines wel l fu rnilh ed are always kept

here on account of the conveniency of water carriage to Hungary . I n

the market place {l ands a fine triangu lar marble pil lar. Agreat part ofthe cattle is in fuch a ru inou s cond ition, that about two years fince there

“

was a necefli ty of repairing a few apartments in order to entertain the

Emperor. The j e/ieitr are in pofl'

efl i on of the fine chu rch near it, and

l ikewife of a chapel detached from th is chu rch , where the arch iteéture

and fcu lptu re is very Well worth feeing. Over the entrance of the chapel

are thefe words

Ceefareurn Man/blew) :DiUi Ferdinandi I I . Rom Imperator ir,Sanélee Catharina V. CS

’ M j aerum

The imperial Al an/61mm of Ferdinand the fecond emperor of Romefacred to St. Cathar ine virgin and martyr.

’

On the roof is reprefented the l ife of the emperor Leopold in feveralemblematic paintings .

On the top of th is Man/61am: i s an obfervatory wel l furnifhed withmathematical infiruments . I n the lower part, which is a kind of circularchapel , is the tomb of the emperor Ferdinand I I . and near it this

infcription

Di'vus Ferdinandm I I . Rom. Imp .

Vitee 69°armorurn j bnbl itate alarm,

Finnt Vienna .

Exufviarfitar bie loeae itin Patr ia inortali

Pofiqaamad immortalern tranfiit,XV. Febr . A. can; MDc XVIL

f Ferdinand

CAR N I O LA and

Ferdinand I I . emperor of Rome, illuftrious for his piety and militaryaccompl ifhments , was born at Gratz on the ninth of j uly I 578 , and

died at Vienna on the I sth of February 1637 . On h is removal to h is

eternal country , he left h is remains to be depofited in his temporarycountry, and the place of his nativity .

'

underneath :

His feed {hall inherit the earth . Pj i XXIV.

’

I n th is chapel likewife lie j obn Cbar ler, the emperor’

s fecond fon,

who died very young, in the year 16 19, and Mary Anne, Du tchefs of

Bavar ia his confort, who died in the year 16 16 .

I n the j ig/Mt: l ibrary is fhewn a m‘

anufcript tranllation of the bible, at

the conclufion of wh ich i s a memo ir , fign ify ing , that i t was written and

finilhed by Era/mu: Stratter at Sultzburg , on Fr iday before the ember

week in autumn, A. D. 1469. I n this manufcript the (0much difputedtext in the fifth chapter of the firfl: ep il

’tle of St. ffobn v. 7. concerning

the three witnefl‘

es in heaven is to be found .

* But the fixth verfe runs

thus : And the Spir it is tbat wbieb witnefletb tbat Cbr i/t is tba trutb.

Th is text in another printed bible to be feen here is CXprefl'

ed in the fame

manner. The latter is printed with a very neat type, and was ublifhed in

two volumes at Nurenberg , in the year 148 3 , byAntony C erger ; and

fome zealous perfon has taken the trouble to write the following words-on the firft leaf of it.

Lutber was bornA. D. 1483 , on the tenth of November , that ,

is,on the eve of St. Martin, the holy bilhopNow th is b ible was printed at Nurenberg In the year 3 , as men

tioned above, on the [Monday after invoea ‘vi t Sunday , wh ich was half ayear before Luther was born. What becomes then of the erroneou s

o inion, thatLutber was the firli: who favoured u s with a tranflation ofthe bible in German 3For my part, I did not imagine that any one pretended, we neve r

had a German tranflation of the fcriptures, before Lutber’

s work

nothing being more notorious than that a German tranll ation had been

publ ifhed in the year 1467, 1477, 1494, atAug/burg , and in 1490 and

15 18 atNurenberg . 1 But I am alfo of opinion, from the frequent pub

The reafon why this paffage is not to be found in fo many MSS. is fufli ciently known;'but all the craft of the enemies of our holy fa ith has but l i ttle weight, as the connefl ion not

on ly necelfan ly requ ires the lentence in drfpute, but Ter ra/Iran to early as -the fecond, andSt. Cypr ian in themu d century exprefly appeal to th is paffage.

f Acco rd ing to al l appearance, the German tranflation of the bible of the year 1467,carries with it the greateft antiqu ity ; and thofe feem to be miftaken, who fuppofe that thefirft German bible was printed m 1447 and The next impreflions of it after this

were in the years .1477, 1483 , 1487, 1490, 1494, and 15 18 .

4 l ications

S T I R I A.

l ications of the bible, towards the clofe of the fifteenth century, that no

difficu lty was made of permitting the laity to read the holy fcriptures, even

in their mother tonguexfAt the Dominican convent, wh ich l ies between the Chu rch and the Dominican

area before the palace, is a piece of painting reprefenting Catbar ine of

Sienna exchanging her heart for that of Chrift. Not far from it, on the

right hand , is the portrait of St.Alan, a Dominican monk, who was anative of Eng land. An infeription u nderneath fays, that theVirginMary TL, Vi rgin

was fo pleafed with the love he bore to her, that in the prefence of the M3,” ”W

Son of God, an infinite mu ltitude of angels and bleffed fpirits , {he was

efpoufed to St.Alan ; gave him with her vir in mouth a kifs of everlafl

ing peace, refrelh ed h im with the milk of er molt chafl e breafl s, and

prefented h im with a ring in token of the marriage. Th is pretendedRep

-father and forfler-brother ofour Lord died in the year 5 . That

theVirgin Mary lhould expofe her Chafle breafts in the prefence of (0

many fpeétators, wil l not appear flrange to tbofe, who from other legends

have learned , that it is not uncommon for them to reprefent her as con

defcend ing to fuch famil iarities with her favourite votaries, as are not to

be read without a blufh . This fame devoutAlan informs us, that the

Virgin I ll'

ary once

'

paid a formal vifit to St. Dominic, the founder of hisorder, attended by three maids of honour, each of which had a retinue

of one hundred and fifty angels . He adds, that thefe thr'

ee maids ofhonour. reprefented the three erfons in the blefl

'

ed Trinity, b whom .

Dominic (who had fallen into a woon at the radiancyof thi s caele°

al vifit)was raifed and del ivered into the hands of theVirg in Mary ; who receivedh im as her bridegroom, kifs

’

d him, and uncovering her brealts gave him;

fuck.

Craj ét and Ceefi r iur ive u s an account of: many more foch com»

defcending weddings owever, fome fenfible Romaniflr have . openlyex refl

'

ed their abhorrence of fuch impious fiétionsfi'!}in the middle of a plain, about a mile from the city, is a round Mount Cal

hil l , ou wh ich nine Chapels are bu ilt, in~

devout commemoration ofW 7

Chrift’

s pafli on. . I n one of, thefe chapels the whole. crucifix is Covered

1“ The-work than umi-chriftian prohibition from read ing-the bible fufiic iently {ba n the

necefli ty ofthe Reformation . So early as the 7th century the reading of the New Teflament,and tranllating it into foreign languages , was p rohibited, under pretence, that by this meansthe fcriptntemight come to loft: a great deal ofthe reverenced ue to it: I n the xath century this x

ppqhibition was renewed, from a pretended fear t hat perfons ofmean capacit ies might wrefi'

them to erroneous o pinions . But none aaed more v igoroufly in this sfl'

ai r than pope 010

M t VI I I . In Stat/and, Hami lton the regent, and cardinal Emu, fo far promoted ignon noe, . that the cler y ufed to tel l the people, that Lutber was the . author of the bi ble.

Burban. Hi t. Scot. £6. 15. p. 518 .

Thofe who have the honour of themonks at heart mull not pretend to dilbel ieve fuch v

“i “ : fincu be very.

founders of the religious orders were the inventors ofmolt ofthem.

Pruck.

Semering

Neull adt.

CAR N I O L A and

with pearl s ; but the fculpture in al l of them is very coarfe, and fometimesridicu lous. Befides the holy fepu lchre, which is faid to be confl rué’red

after the manner of that at j erufalem, here is alfo a j ca lafanta , or holyfiairs ; by afcending which every Fr iday , and on the days of the luven

tion and elevation of the crofs , forty days indu lgence are to be gained .

About a mile farther, beyond th is mount Calvary , as it is called , on

the left, l ies Count Adam’

s feat : The gardens , paintings and water

works are greatly admired by the country people ; but they who have

feen the palaces and gardens in other countries will find nothing extra

ordinary here .

Two flages fromGratz,in the way to Vienna , on the right hand of

Retelfiein, is a cave, out ofwhich are continual ly dug feveral large bones,called unicorna foflile, not u nl ike thofe of Can/iein . The entrance is

very large, and the cave runs under a rock. Thefe bones may be con

jeél ured to have belonged to cattle or wild besfl s, who at the time of the

deluge, or fome other extraordinary inundation, had fheltered themfelves here. The vu lgar cal l them dragons teeth or giants bones ; and

imagine that before the deluge th is cavern was the abode of favage

Women . The extent of it is (aid to be no lefs than twoGerman miles .

P ruck is fituated on the bank of theMuebre, and is a pretty l ittle town.

I n the center of the market-place a pil lar is ereéted in honour of the

VirginMary .

BetweenMertzufcblag and Scbadwien the road l ies overmount Semer ing ,wh ich on the fide towardsAuflr ia is very fleep : But great fums have beenexpended inmaking the road fafe and practicable, and a Prone breafl-workhas been bu ilt along the molt dangerou s precipices . On the . top of the

Semer ing fiands a fuperb monument, with an eagle at each of the fourcorners, and in the middle a globe furmounted with a crown, mark

ing the l imits of Stir ia andAuflr ia . On it is an infcription in praife of

the emperor Cbar ler VI . under whofe aufpices a work of fuch pub

l ic advantage was carried on through diflicu lties which feemed infu

perable. To prevent being incefl'

antly pelter’

d by the ofli cers of the

revenue al l along the road to Vienna, it is proper to have one’

s baggagefearched at Sebadwien, and to take a written certificate.

Neu/tadt is a very pleafant wel l bu i lt town . I n the moat of this townis a large filh , cal i

’

d Han/é , which appears to be above a hundred poundsin weight, and has been in themoat feveral years.

I n a chapel in the cathedral atNeufiadt the following infcription is to befeen on a tomb

S T I R I AHot in tumulo

j acentComes P etra : Zer iniu:Bonus Croatia ,

89”

Marobio Francifcus FrangepanUltimus fami liae£2541, quia

Ca ra: ceecum dnxit,Amoo in banefoveam oeciderunt.

I n th is tomb l ie count P eter Ser ini Ban of Croatia , and Francis

marqu is ofFrang ipani , the laft of that family, who, becaufe the blindled the blind, are both fal len into this ditch .

’

Underneath is a (word out in fione, over which are two bones lyinga-crofs and two death-heads, with thefe words :

Dij i‘itemortales, £9

”ca/ie (i i/cite noj tro

Oé/‘

mvarefidemRegions atoneDeo.

Anno Domini MDCLXX I .

From our misfortunes, mortals, learn not to violate you r duty to-I

wards your God and your fovere igns . Apr i l 30, 1671, nine of the

clock. The gaol of ambition is an untimely grave.

’

I cou ld not but be pleafed with the moderate terms of th is infeription, which rather breaths compafi

’

ion than the acrimony or infults ufualon fuck occafions . How the two counts Nada/Ii and Tettenbaob wereinveigled into th is affair is known from hiftory . The former was

executed atVienna, and the latter atGratz. Nada/ti , who feemed to bethe mofi gu ilty, was the only one of the four confpirators who was

indulged with the favour of being beheaded . The {tool on which hefat at his execution, and the (word which was the infirument of it, are

thewn in the arfenal atVienna the count having made it his laft requefi,

that after him no bodymight be beheaded with that fword .

The fireets inNen/iadt are large and (trait. Here is alfo a fine area or

fquare, adorned with a pillar in honour of theVirginMary ; however, itVirginMary ;

is but thinly inhabited.paler .

VOL. IV.

Dratkirchen.

Laxcmberg.

V I E N NA.

Not far from,

Nea/iadt is dug tap a finefort of clay, which, when prepared and burnt, is tranfparent, and makes a very pretty kind of

porcelain .

At Drafiircben and Laxemonrg are reveredfine monuments ereeted in

honour of the virgin Mary .

Laxemberg ,formerly called Lacifendorf , is the place where the im

perial Cou rt general ly refides in the fix ing ; the large plain round thistown being erfeétly wel l adapted for the emperor

’

s favourite fport of

baiting the heron : but the palace is not worth feeing either for itsarch itecture or furniture. The large bone, which is an el l and a half

in length , lhewn here for the rib of a giant, was taken out of the head

of a large fitb .

From Neuj tadt almoft to Laxemburg the road l ies along a vafi barrén

plain . I muft own that the whole dutchy of Sti ria and the frontiers of

AMr ia on that fide l ittle anfwered the idea I had before entertai ned of

them. But fromLaxemourg to Vienna you pafa thto’

a beautiful Fertilecountry and the road over the h ill , cal led Wiener-50 g , from which one

has a fine v iew towards Vienna , is del ightful ly plantedwith rows of trees .

GeorgeMattbe'w”fiber , 3 TimIg/i’, and minlfter ofLeoryia in in Upperid uj ir ia, afiified by one Rafa!an engraver, publ ifhed in the year 1669 a

very beautifu l map ofUpper d og/b id in twelve (beets . I n 1670 they alfo

publifhed with the fame accuracy and beauty a map ofLowerAzt/ir ia , infixteen fheets. But in their map of the dutchy of Stir ia , in twelve

fheets, they have not fucceeded fo wel l . I am, Es’o.

Vienna , fi ve 20, 1730.

L E T T E R LXXXI .

Adefiniption of the city ofVienna .

S I R,

j obn Bbfl imE tch fiecéer has lately pUblifhed a full ateount ofthe imperial court, together With a defcription ofVienna , I ihal l

not enlarge on thofe

‘farticulars which thi s learned author has already

touched upon ; but al l content myfelf wi th making fome additionalremarks on theCourt and city. The objeé

'

tions made to Raebelbecéer'

s

book at Vienna, are very well known. The j ig/b its there hard to foppref:

V I E N N A. 1

ptefs it, on account of the difagreeable truths which it contained ; butthe fathers were, to their great d ifappointment, foiled in their attempt.The City of Vienna is not very large ; for it confifl s only of twelve Nana” of

.

hund red and thi rty three houfes ; and a perfon may walk round the iii/34:21

a

‘

f

fl ‘

wal ls in an hour. The number of the inhabitants, from pretty exact Vienna.

computations, does not exceed fifty thoufand . But the fuburbs, wh ich al l

around extend five or fix hundred common paces from the fortificationsof the city, take up a great deal of ground . Now if al l the fubnrbs be

comprifed under the name of Vienna , the number of the inhabitantswi ll amount to above three hundred and fifty thoufand , the burial s beingannually abou t feven thoufand. The fireets of Vienna are very narrow

and winding . The imperial court has the privi lege of quarteringfoldiers in the fecond flory of the citizens houfes, which is a great diminution of the rents to the owners . As the fronts of the houfes, befides

this inconveniency, are very narrow, the citizens endeavour to makeup thefe d ifadvantages by the height of the buildings fo that there are

houfes at Vienna fix and feven fluories high . One of thofe in the zfquare, Hggb,cal led the q , has on one fide feven, and on. the other eight ftories; The

Houfes at Par i s aremore magnificent than thofe atVienna ; but by reafonof the wal ls and gates of the courts or areas before them, whichane gene

ral ly lhu t, they make no great appearance in the (fl eet. The palaces

at Vienna are indeed , for the moft'

part, almofi: h id in narrow ltroets;bu t in fplendor and

'magnificence they greatly futpafs the Homb ofPa'

m'

s;

efpecial ly ifone takes in the noble ftruétures in the fuburbs ofVienna.

A'

perfon of qual ity and fortune, who is fond ofc ards, may here gratify Gaming eff"fuch a d ifpofition as far as he p leafes , and . be fu re of being

'

wel l} re 51m

ceived in al l affemblies . The ufual queftions , particularly of the ladies,with regard to a firanger, introduced by any of their acquaintance intoan afi

'

embly , turn upon thefe three capital points . I .Whether he bezof old :nob il ity ? 2 . Whether he be rich ? and 3 . Whether he is fond of play ?if thefe three queries be anfwered in the affirmative, no farther enqu iryis to be apprehended . Sometimes if a firanger games deep , that; qua

lification makes up any. deficiency in the firft article: But a perfon'

{hou ld maturely. weigh the [l ate of. his purfe , , before he engages in at

party for gaming is h ere carricd '

to a prodigious height . TheAlf/27 7.

11”

and Bobcmian nobi l ity have no occafion . to be very cautious in this particular, as their large cfiates and lucrative poll s bear them out : but wi thmofl: firangers the cafe is very .d ifi

'

erent.

Befidcs t he afiemblies of the -nobility; here are many others, confifiingoffperfons .who are not admi tted into thofe of the (bell : quality; for Vienna ,

{warms with new nobil ity, or with perfons giving themfelves out for fuch . New floor/i t} .

No fooner is aman mai ler of a moderate ‘fortune, but his head is turned

C a with

1 2

Pra v d a” .

V I E N N -H.

with the thoughts of a patent of nobil ity ; and none fets out lower thanwi th the title of baron. I t is well known that the famous imperialminifl er once at an entertainment happening to be featednext to the new upltart count to th ew h is ind ignation at it,turned the difcourfe upon drefs ; and complaining of the awkwardnefs of

the taylors then in vogue, faid aloud to the count of who

fat by h im, I muftfay this, to the honour of thy grandfather, now in

hi s grave, th at no man ever pleafed me fo wel l in making a pair of

breeches as he did .

’

Among thofe who l ive molt agreeably atVienna are the procurators of

the imperial court of jufiice, each of whom makes upwards of ten thou

fand gnldens a year. An ordinary citizen gives fuch a procu rator or

attorney , from twenty-fou r to th irty ga lden: a year , for managing any

fu its he has in hand and a nobleman gives him thirty fix guldens . The

Rates of any confiderable diftriét general ly allow their procurator an

annual falary from one hundre d to three hundred guldens . There are

now thirty of thefe procurators ; and it was jufily obferved by. the prefent

imperial vice-chancellor; that thefe peo le had of all others the leaft

reafon to be difi'

atisfied, as they have eir fingers in al l the pu rfes in

the emp ire.

’

The protefiants have the public exercife of their rel igion al lowed

them at the .houfes of the Swedi/b, Dani/b, and Datcb ambaffadors : bu t

in the fireets they mufi take care not to come in the way of a procefli on

of the hoft ; the ignorant mu ltitude frequently handl ing very roughlyfuch as cannot avoid it : and they yetmake a confcience of paying divineworth ip by genuflexion to what they themfelves do not j udge to be a

proper objeét of fuch reverence . Some time fince , on fuch an occafion,

the po u lace were for dragging the Lady ofM . Van Brand, the P rzgflianambaflgdor, out of her coach , and forcing her to kneel down bu t {he

acqu itted herfelf in this affair both with great refolution and prudence.

At P ragzie, the j ews on meeting the holl: uneXpeétedly, ufed to be

treated in the moft inj urious manner, fo that very greatmifchiefs fome

times enfued ; till at lafi, to gratify fuch an ufeful body, and pu t 3 (h p to

thofe outrageous tumu lts , it was ordered that the priefl: fhoulcl carry the

boil under h is cloak without a bell or any other ceremony . One wou ld .

be incl ined to think that protefl ants deferve to be treated with as much

complaifance here, as is elfewhere {hewn to the few: efpecially as the

matter relates not only to foreign minifters, but alfo to the h ighei’t cou rt

of jufl ice in the empire, to wh ich other proteftants are under a necefli tyof applying for protection and juftice in their affairs : confequently they

cannot

Aguldcn is equal to 234d fierling.

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

w V I ENN AA‘mong the ecclefiafiical bui ldings at Vienna the principal

pben 3 ch urch ; which is'

a gothic ftruéture , and adorned with a greatmany pieces of fculptu‘

re, reprefenting faints, beads , flowers, pyramids ,C‘g’

q. The roof is covered with glazed ti les of various colours . I f the

tower; at Strajbarg is looked upon to be the mod curious, and that of

fiqnd/bqter to he the h i hel l in Europe, St. Stepben

’

s tower is unquefiion

it‘

ly tha t-imaged ; whi ch, as_well as the church , is bu i ltwith large fquare

blocks of free fione, faf’ren

’

d together with iron braces . The church is

f? very dark, that even at noon one cannot be faid to have a d il’tinét

view of the feveral objeéts in it. The fuperb marble tomb of the em

perot Frederi ck, I I I . is faid to have colt thirty thoufand ducats. I n the

Old archducal vau lt the bones ofmany of thofe il luflrious perfonages l ie

wrapt up in raw h ides ; bu t of late only the entrails of the imperial.family are dcpofited here.

In the church-yard is a bafib-rel ievo, on a reddifh Prone fixed in the

Wal l, reprefenting a man holding up h is hand to h is bread , and near

him a, ch ild, and a woman alfo in the fame attitude. Under thefe

figures are two dogs feizing a hate, and another courfing a hare, withthe fol lowing infcription

P . T I T I US

F I NI TVS V. F.

sra ET

jVCVNDAE c rv rs

F I L. CON

The . largcfi: bell in.

St. Stephen’

s tower was cal l , by ordero f. the emperor

j o/Z’pb, out of a ki/b field-pieces, taken in feveral battles, as appears bythe following words to be feen upon it, under the image of St. j gfipb

j o/Z’

pbus Rom. Imp . finxper Aug . stream bane molem

fiat magnitudine band indignam, at ob tot tantafq. oi£10

Namiai flownagendas [abj efios popular grandi j onita . exp itaret, fier iAlbertina? tarr is adfmgnlare deans i/tuc

By order of j oj épb, emperor of Rome, 85C. this magnificent bel l ,which for its vaft fize is not unworthy of his great munificence, was

call ; and that by the found of it h is fubjefts might be fiirred up .

to j oin with him in thankfgiving to the God of armies for fo .many .

fignal vifi ories, he caufed it to be hung in theAlbertine tower as its

greatefl: ornament.’

V -I E N N n.

St. Stepben'

s tower is cal led theAlbertine fromAll er'

t IV. in WhoreArmrestreign it was finifhed , in the year 1400 .

Th is bell , according to D. Kathe/deni er , is above ten feet inheight,and thirty-two in circumference ; and, without the clapper, weighsfeventeen tuns and an half. The clap er, wh ich is eleven feet and anhalf long , weighs thirteen hundred and

)

twenty-eight pounds ; and thewhole weight of the bel l , iron-work, 89

’s . amounts to twenty

-five tuns

and fourteen hundred weight.* The height of St. Stepben’

s tower isfour hundred and forty

-fevenAzg/lr ian feet and an half, or feventy-fou'

r

fathoms and three feet and an half.

For thefe two years pail , if any woman comes in anAndr ienne, Volante French/nth .

or Frenenfack, as it is cal led , e ither into St. Stephen’

s, or any other large

church atVienna , th e i s immed iately ordered to withdraw.

I t was grown a cufiom among the ladies at Vienna , in the morning,to flip on a fack, without fl ays , or hardly any other covering, and in

that garb hu rry away to mafs ; which indecent cuflom occafioned the

prefent imperial prohibition. The clergy, from the pulpit, have given Probi ted at

vent to theii' zeal againft fuch loofe drefies in very bitter terms. One,Winn“

with great warmth, exclaimed, that the women came to church iri

facks, not to repent, as bel ievers of old ufe’

d to do, but the better tdeXpofe their wares to fale fo that no prieft, in adminiftering the

facrament, could with a fafe confcience look on them.

’ Another indecently threaten

’

d, that if ever he fhou ld fee a lad with her neckuncovered, he

’

d fpit down her Alittle 5 oie the wearingof facks in chu rch was fu rpreffed , three ladies

‘

,with their necks bare,

and drefi'

ed in the above-mentioned robe, prefented themfelvésfh i‘ thecommunion among other perfons round the

’

altar ; but the priefi paflhdby therh as if he had overlooked them.

The church that belongs to the court i s near that of th e b’

ai efbote'

dClmreb belongAngafiines, and you afcend to it up a pair of fiairs out of the “8

t

”

Ferdinand I I I . had a chapel bu ilt here, dedicated to St.W

patron'

efs of the teeth , in confequence ofa v

princeLeopold, cut his teeth . The tooth of St.Apollonzh , filewn here;is likewife adored and kifi

'

cd by the vulgar, Who imagine the touch of it!This hell ofVienna is larger than that of Erfuri . Bh

i

t of all the hel ls hitherto knowninEurope, thofe lately call in France for the new chur

'

ch at Li/h n are the mod afibniih ing:

They come l ittle Ibort of the great bell atPekin in Claina the weight ofwhich is (aid tp hea‘hundred and twenty thOu l

'

and pou nds : Whereas: that ofErfurt is only twenty-five thou

(and four himdfed. See deb. Kircher . Cbin. 5mm» . i llnflr . p.

1 This zealot feems to have been a remarkable follower of the declaimer P .Abrébam diSt. Clara , who perhaps had gained a greater reputation had he not feafon

’

d his inveél ives

and expofiulations with fuch ludicrous terms.

16 V I E N NA.

Heart: of an an infallible cure for-the tooth-ach . I n this chu rch are kept, in filver

$5?‘ffixzrepofitories, the hearts of the deceafed princes of the imperial family.

" i fThe new burying vault for the archducal family is in the Capacbin

church ; where abundance of rel iques are alfo lhewn.

I n the ye/icits church, adjoining to their college, the celebrated ye/izitPozzo has difplayed the exqu ifite firokes of his pencil ; by whom the

cupola of theDominican church i s alfo painted .

Mm!Cal Ah ill , called mount Cal vary , l ies in the village ofHerrnals, juftwithout the l ines of the city ofVienna here the feveral fufi

‘

erings of Chrifi,

and the agonies of his mother occafioned by his paflion, are reprefented

in fo many feparate chapels, wh ither in Lent great numbers of people

I n that part of the fubu rbs ofVienna cal led H/z

'

eden (where alfo ll andsFavoritao the

'

Fa'vor ita , the emperor’

s palace) their prefent imperial majell ies, in

purfuancc of a vowmade in the time of the laft pefiilence, are bui ldingSt. Carlo

’

: a mot'

t magnificent church in honour of St. Car loBorromeo but it is not

likely to be finifhed infeveral years. The grand cupola or dome, the

l ittle towers at the four angles , and the extraordinary height and th icknefs of two pillars in the front, give it a moltnoble appearance. Over the

portal are theicwords, out of the 22d Pfalrn

Votamea reddamDomino in con/feign timentium cum.

I wil l pay my vows to theLord in the prefence of thofe thatfear him.

salerm Without the city , near the Conn , the emprefs dowager W'

i lbelrnina

Amelia has bu ilt a nunnery for lad ies , of the order of St. Francis de Sales,

with a fuper‘b chu rch belonging to it. She ufual ly refides indeed in the

imperial cafile or palace, and on feftivals and days of audience appears

in public there : butthe greateftpartofher time is {pent in this retirement,

in order to give herfelf up to devotion with the greater abftractednefs . She

chiefly employs herfelf in reading rel igious books ; and al l the nuns are

obl iged , in their turns, on certain days, to give an account of the moft

remarkable and edi ing pafi'

ages they have met with in their reading :The emprefs herfel appoints what books they are to read .

Thefe nuns obferve the rule of St. Francis de Sales ; and , among other

vows, engage themfelves to eduéate and infl ruft young ladies of noble

famil ies ; and, on account of the illufirious patronefs, it is accounted a

very great honour for a young lady to be admitted into this convent for afewyears.

V I E N NA'

17

The cupola of the church was painted by Pelegr ini , whowas rewardedmwith eight thoufand rixdol lars.

‘

0n the large area, cal led the Hof, oppofite to the noviciate col lege,belonging to the j efieits, a marble pillar was ereéted in the year 1647, Pi l larme;by Ferdinand I I I . in memory of the immacu late conception of the Ix

‘

jfi”

Virgin Mary ; but this illar in 1667, was by the emperor Leopold req

moved, and another 0 brai s erected in its place. The image of the

Virgin Mary on this pil lar is a mafierly iece, and the

Igilding, tho

’

ex

pofed to al l the injuries of theweather,'

11retains its lu re. Adefcription and plate of this pillar is to be feen in Dr.Rink

’

s l ife of the emperorLeopold. I ibal l here infert the following m ous infeription, compofedby the emperor himfcf the letters are 0 go] and fet in a copper plate,according to the emperor

’

s orders.

Leopoldus Rom

Align/loParente[noerefl amCt? immortalitate donaoit.Nam

in'vem'

t

£9? fleece/lanes

Hac om

Anne MD

L emperor of the Romans, ever auguft, augmented the valueof ue, creel ed by his auguft father in honour of the immaculate conception of the Virgin, and ve it immortal ity. For, he

fore, it was of (tone, but hemade it o brafs, and of eternal durationin token that, to her, by whofe favour he received crowns, victories,

"

grace and fuccefiions, he owes all thofe bleflings, and even his l ife.

ecember 8,

About um I. Sterl ing.Voi . IV.

1 85. V I E N N A.

Thi s emperor Leopold laid out three hundred thoufand guidens on a

pil lar which he ereéted to the holy Trinity , in the moat cal led by thatname, in 1693 . I t is an admirable piece of arch iteél ure bu i ltwith (l one,being fixty fix feet in height. The chief infcription on this pillar i s alfoaLatin compofition of the i l luftrious founder an accurate account of it

may be feen in Dr . Rink’

s valuable work mentioned above.

Formerly it was ufual for people by way of amufement to fit round

thefe pil lars ; wh ich often produced many pleafant incidents . But a.

company, among wh ich were feveral counteffes,having by way of

diverfion given too much wine to the foldier on guard at the virginMary

’

s pil lar, fuch a difl urbance enfued as caufed thefe affembl ies to beforbidden for the fu ture. At prefent people only kneel round the

p il lars, tho’

I obferved that in the evenings the refort does not proceedfo much from devotion , as for the conveniency of meeting and con

verfing together.

Leopold intended to have fignal ized his devotion by a third pil lar, hadnot death prevented h im. I t was defigned for St. ffofi

’

pb, in confe

quence of a vow made by that emperor in the year 1702 , on the happyreturn of his fon yo/epb, then king.of the Romans, from Landau . His

prefent imperial Majefiy intends to ereé’t th is {l atelymemorial in marble

,

the wooden model of it being much decayed by the inclemency of the

weather. Areprefentation of the temple of ffera/alemwith fix Cor intbianp il lars is to be placed on the top, and,

in it the marriage of j ofepb andSa j afeph the Virgin Mary, performed by the high prieft. I n the year 1675 the

emperor Leopold, with great fole’

mnity , a fecond time dedicated h is territories to the proteétion of Stayofigb.

The Univerfity of Vienna ,was

.

founded by Freder ick I I . and in the

year 1622 incorporated with the col lege of the j’

efizz’

ts, (0 as to be

whol ly under the infpection and government of that fociety . I n publ icprocefli ons theRefl or magnifi ed , or provoflz, ranks with the knights of thegolden fleece, and takes place of all the

-other noblemen belonging to theimperial Court.

Pa61i c 55raey . Of the emperor’

s l ibrary, and that of prince Eugene, I {hal l {peak in

In,a handfome edifice near the Dominican convent is a

by, count j oacbim lVindbag , whoa low birth , to great honours andof the marelhal ofLower Aufir iae of wh ich muft be a knight, and

re two librarians, one aDominicanmonk and the other a layman. The l ibrary on the other lide of thisbu ilding, left by colonel j bwindt baron of Pock/iein, in

'

the year 172’

1,

is under almoft the fame regulatipns. As for private l ibraries, that of

V I E N NA.

‘

1

Garelli the emperor’

s phy fician, deferves to be vifited by every learned

travel ler .

“

Dr. Marcella , a phyfician, is poffefl'

ed of a fine col leCtion of petri Dr .

.

Marcella’s

fatftions, which he defigns to difpofe of, for fix hundred galdens. I t is “ W“

the fame, with fome additions, which formerly belonged to Langias thefamous Swifs phyfician, who publifhed an account of it with copper

plates. Count Traaz‘mansdorfl: envoy from the emperor to the Swificantons, and afterwards embafi

'

ador at the Port, purchafed them of

Lang ius, asMarcella afterwards did at the fale of the count'

s effects .

Of al l the bu ildings at Vienna , the palace of prince Eugene, in thePr inc’

e Eu

fuburbs, is undoubtedly the fineft. I t has afieite of eleven rooms ind ireét line in the front and the towers at the angles, and another of

feven rooms in the wings.I n the room adjoining to the prince

’

s bedchamber are feveral exqu ifite Pram .

pieces of painting in l ittle : And in the next apartment is a chandel ier of

rock cryftal , valued at twenty thoufand gee/dens . Here is alfo aDutcb

p iece of painting, which colt thirteen thoufand guldens, reprelénting an

old woman on her death-bed , with her daughter on her knee taking herleave of her, wh ile her maid is fiirring a medicine in a fpoon, and this

phyfician looking into the urinal . I n the cha el is a fine picture of the

refurreétion of ou r Saviour. I n the looking-g afs-room are four fmal ltables of black marble, with brown veins, brought h ither from Rome.The large faloon is an oblong oél agon the cieling of it is finely painted

and it yields a very pleafant profpeét over the gardens towards

the city . Among the excel lent painti ngs in the other apartments are a

piece reprefenting Adam and Eve as big as the l ife, wh ich is [ai d to havecoft fifty thoufand gale/ens, a woman embracing a youth in a bath,valued at thirty thoufand, with Endymion andDiana worth twelve thoufand guldens . Here is alfo a copy of Ruben

’

s three graces, which is verymuch efieemed . The gardens l ie on a Hope, and on that account are Gardens .

very convenient for the elegant water-works exh ibited there . I n that

part of the garden on the left, cal led paradife, is a fpacious aviary madeof curious wire-work, and alfo beautiful walks, and gilt fummer-houfes,wh ich render it extremely pleafant. The orangery alfo is worth feeing ;where fome of the trees remain in the open air all winter, with only a

cover over the tops of them. The fpecies of uncommon herbs growinhere is computed at abou t two thoufand, among which are dragon

’

s-b1m

cofi'

ee, date and mulk trees ; the latter of which bear leaves five or fix

feet in length. I t i s a pity that the Sale/eon nunnery, founded by the

Among the l ibraries at Vienna few can come in competition with that of Baron Reed,containing not only a very extraord inary treafu re of (came and valuable books, but alfo

other curioftties, and efpecially fome fine p ieces ofenamel.

D 2

em: Car.

d arker Pa le: ee

V I E N NA.

emprefsAmelia, commands this garden, fo that a perfon cannot walk ini t, without being overlooked .

On one fide of h is palace the prince has a view from his a

partment

of eight fmall courts embel l ifhed with fountains and rows 0 chefnut

trees, among which are to be feen feveral exotic animal s . The moftremarkable of thefe, are, fit. A cafmvar , with feathers refemblingbriftles, Cs

’c. I t is a very large bird , near four feet in height, and was

brought from one of the Afzatic iflands . 2 . Ahe-goat with four hornsgrowing in a direét l ine. 3 . An I ndian roe, with beautifu l wh ite fpotsl ike our young fawns . 4. Some white I ndian deer. 5 . An Afr icancow. 6 . ATran/yl‘vanian ox with a beard . 7. AMa/l

‘

a'vite fox. 8 . ACbamoi/e, of wh ich fpecies the males only have horns. 9. ALynx.

10 . Alarge Tr ipol itan ram, var iegated with black and white . 1 1 . Some

Walacbian (heep with large broad tails. 12 . Afl i'

rolcfi hare, which inw inter tu rns white. 13 . Four I ndian fheep . 14. Awi ld goat. 15 . Abuffaloe with a large beard . 16 . An I ndian wolf with long hair on

h is back, which he fometimes brifiles up . 17. Several oftriches. 18 . I n

the other parts of themena erie are feveral buftards, a fowl (0 common inI fimgaey , that fometimes t ey are feen four or five hundred in a flight.19. Wh ite partridges. 20. Wh ite herons. 2 1 . Pheafants, and poules

pintades. 2 2 . I ndian fparrows, fwal lows, cranes, ravens, and other

beautifu l birds . 23 . Amufcovy duck. 24. Apelican, which almoftevery three or four months, pecks a hole in its breaft, as it were to let

itfelf blood ; which gave rife to the fable of its manner of feeding itsyoung . I alfo faw here fome porcupines, and l ikewife a kind of vora

ciou s fowl bred in Hungary and Turkey . The civet-cat is lately dead.

The mufk is produced in a bladder between the peni s and the tefl icles

of th is animal , l ike caitor in the beaver and in order to get at th ismulk, an incifion is made in the civet cats every month . I t is a very furious .

creature, and very difficu lt to be brought from the Eafi-I ndies to Europe,as it muft be kept in a part icu lar apartment, where it has fome room to

range. This enhances the price of them in Europe ; one of thefe

animals being general ly val ued at a thoufand guldens : Their food is

chiefly mutton . I nHolland fome merchants reap great advantages fromthefe creatures ; every ounce of mufk being fold from twenty four to

twenty eight guldens. Th is fpecies has never been known to propagate

in Europe.

Refides this palace, the illuftrious prince Eugene has alfo another withincf pn

’

m E0 the city ofVienna , where he ufually refid’

es in winter. I t {l ands in the

Himmelpfort-fireet, and confifts of four flories ; the third’

is the moltmagnificent, but the apartments and flair—cafe are fomewhat darkened bythe houfes on the other tide of the fireet. I n the front are three doors

opening

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‘

V I E N N A.

artifl who made it. When it was out of order Bernard Cloes reEtified it ;and in the year 17 t 1 itwas prefented to the univerfity ofLeyden bv the

wi dow and he irs ofM. Scbeper , a magiftrate of Rotterdam.

'As prince Eugene had no legitimate chi ldren, it is not to be wonder’d,that he laid out fuch immenfe fums in bu i ldings, books, Es

’c. both in

Vienna , and at his feat on the banks of theDanube, betwixt this city andP rgfiurg ofwh ich the emperor gave h im a grant about ago,upon h is refignation of h is government of the Span He

delights much in reading ; and in the year 1719, when the prevalence

of the Spani/b faétion at the imperial court, and other tranfaétions verydifagreeable to the prince, incl ined him to think of throwing up al l his

pofl s, he (aid to a foreign minifter, I can be content to l ive upon ten

thoufand guldens a year and ,w i th my large col leétion ofbooks, timewillfeldom l ie heavy upon my hands .

’

The income of h is feveral poll s mayamount to about three hundred thoufand Rbeni/b guldens , including the

hundred and forty thoufand guldens accru ing from the poll: ofvicar-generalof the emperor in h is I talian dominions ; wh ich , in reality, was an equ ivalent for h is refignation of the government of the Spani/bHis private fortune is fuppofed to bring h im in one hundred thoufand

guldens a year .

Lichtenfiein The prince of Licbtenj iein has three palaces in Vienna ; but that inthe Herrerylreet is the mofi magnificent. I t was bu i lt by princeAdamof Licbten/iein and , together with fome other citares, devolved bywill to prince ffq/epb, the only furviving perfon of the family . I t is

furnithed in the I talian tafie, with fcu lpture, paintings and antiquesand I muft own , that the ornaments within th is palace pleafed memore

Fi nepaintingr. than thofe of any other at Vienna . Among the paintings are feveral

pieces by Rubens ; particularly fix capital pieces reprefenting the hifioryof Alexander tbc great, valued at about twenty

-four thoufand dol lars .

Herodias with j‘obn the baptift

’

s head is by Rapbael . The building of

the tower of Babel on vel lum, and the overthrow of Pbaraob with h isarmy in the red fea painted on marble, are very curious . The faloon is

elegant and lofty ; the roof, which is vau l ted , was painted by Belucciwho alfo painted the ciel ing of the firft and fecond flories on canvas .

The apartments are adorned with fmal l bronze and marble models ofRoman antiques, as the Farne/eanHercules, i l ToroFame/e, &c. Here are

alfo feveral vafes of agate, porphyry, and fine marble, reprefentations ofinlaid Florentine work ; a table of the fame, wh ich coft fourteen thou

fand guldens ; and another of white and yel low marble, taken from a

marble quarry in one of the Licbtenj iein eftates . The perron, or li epsat the entrance of the palace, are in a grand tafte. The front is adornedwith fine pil lars lt

'

nd (Entri es;‘

and the iron balufirade at the front weighsthree thoufand two hundred and fixty pounds.

V I E N NA. 23

TheLicbtenj lein palace and gardens in the Roflau luburbs all'

o very Lichficmein

wel l deferve a travel ler’

s notice. The great flair-cafe in this palace con g

lare i »

li l’ts of two flights, and every ltep coll fixty guldens , being each a fingled ram

block of red marble, leven common paces in length . I n the two flights

are one hundred and eight l leps ; and tho’

the I talian palaces, wh ich are

defigned for lplendor, greatly furpafs al l others in the beauty and magnificence of the fl air-cafes, yet I ta ly affords very few that equal th is . The

faloon is very fuperb, and was painted by Pozzo. The four beautifu l .fiatues in it are of l ionc, bu t lo finely incru ll ed with plall er, that theyhave the appearance of alaballer. Two of the apartments are entirelypainted by France/ebini di Bologna ; and in every part of th is noble palacethe eye is entertained with pieces, of painting by celebrated arti ll s. Thewalks, parterres, water

-works and fl atnes make the garden a mol’t de

l ightfu l place . I t alfo exhibits a great number of uncommon vegetables ;and at the end it yields a very grand profpeét.C lol

'

e by prince Eugene’

s gardens, in the fuburbs, is the prince of

Scbwartzenbnrgb'

S

Ialace, famous for its fine gardens, and bu ilt by the S

chwim ‘m

late prince of Fan i and countMang‘i’ldt. The latter

,fromwhole good , 14“

lenfe, efpecial ly as he was then prefident of the board of war, more difcretion might have been expeéted , by the fumptuoufnel

'

s of this build :ing qu ite eclipl

'

ed the Favor ita, an imperial palace, near which it ltands .By th is imprudent action he drew upon h imfelf a reat deal of envy;and gave a handle to his enemies to {peak in

‘

very d'

advantageous termsof himto the emperor ; who, however, law.t11ro

’

:thelr malignity . The

count, after {pending above three hundred thoufand guldens on theand gardens, d id not; l ive to fee them entirely ,

comBleted and his heirs;after his deceafe, fold them for fifty thou land dol lars to prince Sebevartzenburgb, mal ler of the horfe,

* who has alfo laid out at leali three,hung

dred. thoufapd dollars more on them} , ;,Thefaloons, flair-cafes, marblet ables , lookinn lall

'

es, porcelain vales, paintings , beds, and other richfurniture, make th is one of the finell

'

palacos in or near Vienna ; The

trees in the large orangery in the garden are not planted in pots or tubs,but f’raud in the ground; and in winter areo

lhelterod in l ittle lhods , which;on occafion, can be warmed. {Thewalks, g roves end . water-works are

extremely beautiful theJall are l uppliedoby means of an hydraul ic ma

chine worked by fire. I t colb near twenty thouland gu ldens ; and in

twenty-four hours throws . up into the large refervoir above eleven thou :

fand .eight hundred and eighty hoglheads of water. After the fountainsin the gardens . are (applied , the water is col leéted again into a canal

under the above-mentioned hydraul ic engine. j o/p Emanuel Fij i'ber;

This nobleman was unf ortunately ki lled in . the. year 1732, at an impu h l thuntingmatch mRoben ia.

V I E N N A.

of Er lacb, the im erial archi teét, ereaed this engine in the year 1722 ;but the honour o the invention is due to the Eng li/b. I law the firll:

tri of foch an hydraul ic mach ine, by a model made in the year 1718 ,be ore the Royal Society atLondon. Thefe engines are u led in fome coal

mines in Scotland, for draining the waters out of them ; and l ikewife in

feveral parts of England. There is one of them to be feen in York

Bui ldingi , at London, that throws up the‘Tbatner water, in order to fup

ply the higher parts of that city with water.

The hydrau l ic engine in the prince of Scbwartzenbnrgb’

s garden isbut of a middling fize. The c0pper cauldron is fix feet in diameter,the cyl inder is nine feet long, and weighs twelve hundred pounds . I t is

upwards of an inch thick, two feet in diameter, of call metal , hol lowand wel l pol i lhed . The lever is twenty

-fou r feet long , and eighteeninches th ick. This engine, when once put in play, ma

fy be managed

by a fingle perlon, and throws up the water feventy-five eet, perpendi

culat height.Otter pola r. Befides the palaces above defcribed , there are other bu ildings not nu

deferving of a traveller’

s curiofity, v iz. theBobemian office in theH’ipplingber-j ireet the Traatj bn alace ; that of count Daun, governor of the

M lane/Z' ; another in St tten-fquare ; Brenner-bottle} inthe marquis di Rofrano

’

s palace ; prince of Copeee’

s p

fireet ; countHarracb’

s ; Caprar i bottle inWaller-firm ; count Stratrnan’

s

in Sebenk-zfireet ; Qwfienberg-bon/e in j ‘obnt/lreet ; count Starernberg’

s pa

lace and garden, not far'

from theFavorita ; theMeblgmbe, as it is cal ledthe houfe of count j obn Wenzel of Gal/as ; the palaces of countAdornBatbyan, and count Gnndacker of d ltban ; the archbilhop of Valenza

’

s

lommer feat ; the town-hal l or council-hou l‘e and many other l latelybuildin 3 .

M y Th'

e

gimperial menagerie, cal led the P rater , is an illand in theDanube,

whither, in the f ing, there is a great refort for taking the air, as alfo inthewalks at the tadtgnte but in the latter no horl

'

es or carriages are ad

mitted . TheAa-garten is open'

al l the year round, where the walks,hedges and groves are lo pleafant, that it is general ly frequented by per

fons of dill iné'

tion. On the one l ide of it is the old imperial call le,wh ich in the year 1683 was laid in albes by theTurks ; and l ittle has

been fince done towards rebuilding it. The ramparts~are not lo plea

l'

ant as might be imagined from the beauty and grandeur of the luburbs ;for they arey ery narrow, and the prolpeét in feveral places is intercepted.

may, [am/a Belides the imperial riding houfe, thole of the princes Scbroartzenberg ,Lich en/lain, Dietriebflein and count Stormberg , and efpecially that of

count Paar inMfr -firm, are very wel l worth feeing.

V I E N NA.

On the red tower hangs the fiitch of bacon (tho’

at prefent made OfR dTm er .

wood ) which , according to the common il oty, may be claimed by that

extraordinary perlon who can prove that he abfolutely ru les his wife.

Here is al lo the fol lowing in lcnpnon

Qaamfi lix Urbs e/i , qua paei r tempore bellarnAnte ocularponit, etfiea lea gue notat

I nca/inn ‘vigi lat, qai ere/103i re putabitUrben armis, j : non arrua

SedDear, 69’

fvirtur tutantur Maximi liani

Gee/ar t'

s beer Urbi s ma‘

nia can: populo.

How happy is that city which , amidlt the tranqu ill ity of peace,holds itfelf in readinefs for war. I t were a vain prelumption to thinkthat a city is to be prelerved by arms, without the divine alli ltance

bu t God'

s protefi ion, the courage of Maximi lian, and loyalty of the

citizens, are the wall s which render this city impregnable.

’

The trade ofVienna is l ittle anfwerable to its largenefs and convenientTrai t .

l i tuation. This is partly to be attributed to the heavy duties and impoli son molt commodities brought h ither ; particularly thole on wine, oxen

and other rovifions coming out of Hungary . The Eall-count

gcom

pany pay three per cent. for al l they import ; wh ich has cau led em to

raife the price of their merchandizes, without any amendment in the

qual ity of them. This is plain in one article, fviz. Cotton, the fame quantityof which , not long fince, might be bought for thirty, or th irty eighterentzerr, as is fold at refent for one and fifty . Every Vienna el l of

foreign cloth pays a guldiin ; and yet the home manufaa ures are not in

a condition to fuprply the want of fine foreign cloths. I n England, a

kingdom dill ingu i ed for the extenfivenel s of its commerce, duties are,indeed , laid on the importation of foreign commodities, but upon the

te-exportation of them, that duty is repaid with a very fmall deduétionthe artilts are encouraged by l iated bounties to excel in their refpeél ivetrades and manufaétures, and the exportation of home-made goods is

promoted and encouraged . Hence it comes to als, that in leveralforeign countries the fine cloth made in Englanj,

’

is fold at the fame

price as in London, where the duties are h igh, and houfes, (hops, and

provifions dear.

The country aboutVienna is fertile, and produces good grafs . They swam .

begin to purchafe cows from Switzerland to l ioek fome noblemens eltatesin thele arts. Thele in time degenerate by the badnefs of the pall

'

ure

in form , ut in other lands abounding with grafs the breed of the cattle isVOL. IV. E confiderably

V I E N N A.

confiderably mended . The d ifference in refpeét of the quantity and

goodnefs of mi lk,according to the difference of pali ures, can hardly be

credited bu t i t is well known that in the country nearHamburg a cow

daily yields twelve quarts of milk, and brings in th irty three dollars to

the owner in one feafon .

The hil l , called Calenberg , affords a very beautiful profpeét of the cityofVienna and its environs .

Baden, which {l ands in the neighbourhood ofVi enna , is much fre

quented for its warm baths , afiembl ies and other d iverfions . Both (exes

bath here withou t d il l iné’tion , in the fame bath and at the fame time.

The bathing clothes are made to cover the whole body ; and thofe of

the woman have lead at the bottom of them to keep them down .

Within the baths are feats for the conven iency of fitting in the water,which can be rai led or lowered at pleafure . The company walk up and

down in the bath , converfing together , and the lad ies are fometrmestreated with {wear-meats . There are particu lar doors and l i airs leadinginto the feparate ltove-rooms out of the bath , where the different fexesdrefs and u ndrefs apart. Many bath for pleafure ; but thofe that bath as a

remedy for any d ilorder, are ordered by the phyficians to bath fixtytimes, and to remain in the bath three hours each time. For once

bath ing one pays fix creutzer s, and five more for the ufe of a bath inglh irt. Some of thele baths are within the city , and others without it ;and in molt of them the water is extremely clear . The princ ipal is thewomen

’

s bath , as it is cal led , and next to that the Duke’

s and Antony’

s

bath . There i s alfo a particu lar bath appropriated for the ufe of beggars

and poor people . The fulphureou s effluvia aril i ng from the baths , tingemolt kinds of metal s with yel low ; and a filver cup after

’

being for fometime ufed for drinking the water, contraéi s a fort of gild ing ; an efi

‘

eét

common to al l fprings impregnated with fu lphur . The fu lphureousfmel l is not lo perce tible in the bath , as when a perlon fiands near it.

Thele baths are cliiiefiy recommended to patients affl icted with the gout,lamenefs , pains in the joints , and any arthriti ck d iforders . Barren

women often refort h ither , and find relief ; bu t whether th is proceedsfrom the virtue of the water or that of the company, rwh ich has often

b rought other baths into repute in thi s refpeét) I fhal l not take upon me

to determine .

Baden is three miles diltant fromVienna . Before the principal chu rchin this town , is a fine pillar , dedicated to the holy trinity . Thele kindof p i l lars are very ornamental to a city ; and tho

’

, feldom fcen in other

Roman cathol ick countries , are very frequent in theAafl r ian territories .I n the church near the women

’

s bath, 1 took notice of the followingepitaph

D o M s

V I E N N A.

D . O. M S .

Qaid baber ampl ias bomoP ro Laborefilo.

Franc.Anton nabi l . Dominus d Guar iend

52mm e'vexit dot‘

t'

r ina et prudentiaI n S . C. M Reg imini s Infer ior is Atflr i

Corgfil iar iam, Arcbigrammateam,

Rcfl rendar iam intimum, et tandemP rovincioe P romare/cba llam.

Pauperampia vota,

Agens annnm LI X . ipj e Legam viewSolutns Lege Naturee

Ann. MDCCXI ZI . die VI I .Apr i li s

NamEt non tanget i llos tormentumVg/ifitnt in ocalis infipienti

C

Sacred to God the greatel’c and belt ofbeings.

’

Th is is the portion of a man after al l h is labour, Eccle/i c. iii.”Here l ies Franci sAntony Lord ofGaar iend and Raal , whom h is learningand wifdom railed to be counfellor, Ev’e. And at length deputy marlhai

of the province. Three emperors experienced h is integrity, and the

commonwealth h is knowledge in the laws : His piety procured himthe favour of heaven, and his charity and munificence the prayers of

the poor. I n the fifty-ninth year of h is a e, himlelf being a l iving

book of laws , he was gently releafed by the law of nature, on the

7th day of Apr i l 1713 , and here tel l s in peace For the fou ls of

the righteous are in the hand of God, and there lhall no torment

touch them. I n the fight of the unwife they feemed to die : butthey are in peace.

Vienna, Angry? 1, 1730.

L E T T E R

Ac c o u n r

L E T T E R LXXX I I .

Fu rther accountof the city ofVi enna , with fome obferva

tions on the imperial cou rt.

3 I R,

prefent emperor [Cbar les VI-H is of a middling li ature and a

fin and endow magel’tic prefence . His penetration and j udgment, h is equ ity and

“m“regard to merit, with many other virtues, render h im one of the belt

lovereigns that Europe has enjoyed for many years pail . He fpeaks and

writes Latin, I talian, Spani/b and Frencb he loves the and

is wel l verfed in th e mathematics , efpec ial ly that part which relates to

c ivil and mil itary arch iteéture . His lki l l in mufick is fuch , that he not

only plays on feveral inll ruments , but is alfo a perfeét mail er of the

rules of compofition . He afi‘

eéts no great lhew in drefs, and has a

profell'

ed averfion to al l alfeétation of Frencb modes and particu larlylarge open fleeves . On folemnities, he general ly appears in a black

Spani/b habit, with fmal l cufi'

s of pu rple, embroidered with filver ; h is1 This emperor died Ottober 20, 1740, aged fity

-five.

The emperor Cbar les the VI th’

s tall e for the fciences leems derived to himfrom hisfather Leopold tbe great. Counlel lor Burcbard de Lingua: Latina fatis in Germania, c. 7.

j ufij‘yregrets, that the i llull rious example of both thele monarchs has not been able to

son e the German nobil ity from their lethargy. I flatter my lelf that the reader wi l l not be

difpleal'

ed with the following fpecimen of the emperor Cbar les the VI th’

s lkil l in Latin

poetry . HortenfiusMaurus, one of the molt ingenious poets among the modems, made hisrequelt to themonarch as fol lows

Sana mibi medici adfirmanr fore v ina Tokay ,

Sed terrent parcum tampretia a fatis .

0 utinaml atfacr is datApollofo/ntibus uti ,

Des mibi du lcefrni , Carole, poflé mero.Non euda titular, nee gemmas ofco nee aurum,

uflaflewj lomacbop

ro/per iora15a.P rotegat ungar icasfe ix v iétor ia v ites,Fer randi calices arma v i rumque canent.

Qua : tibi non tribuent laudes, Augufle, Came ner,Si propegafeis v ina refundis aqui s

Quum mibi mifl'

a bibam, reddam tibi verba Maroni s

B ivi/‘

um, Ceefar , cum70m nettar babes.

Hi s tegueli was granted, and the‘

following anlwer was lent him by the emperor.Vina tibi mi tto non infer iora Pa lerni s,Qua tibi lentafilent afira parare, More

Ebibe, nequaquamreg is meminiflé dolebis,Qui

gamma: in totopoj idet orbemerum.

Stambu mpropero, quafazfio numineTum v ini Gretei dolia plena dabo.

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of rno I MP a RrAL Cour t.

ladies, but thofe who have accefs to the emprefs’

s chamber, are admittedat cou rt on thofe occa fions . The emperor general ly dances feveral timeswith the emprefs and archdutchefi

'

es bu t the emprefs dances with the

emperor only . I n the country dances their imperial majefiies are (pec

tators but the archdu tcheffcs mingle with the company . The lat}carnival there was fome difficulty in appointing partners, to that the

emperor was obl iged to order feveral of the gentlemen of the bed

chamber to make up the party . Some months before the carnival , lotsare drawn and from that time the gal lant is obl iged to wait upon the

lady thu s allotted to h im every day, with a nofegay of natural or artificial flowers , rich ribbons , and foch l ittle prefents . The caval ier isl ikewife to prov ide h is lady

’

s drefs fo that the whole charges are fel

dom lefs than three thoufand gu ldens . Befides , if the weather prove

fii owy, the expences of a fledge, 69°C. amount to near five hundred .

Iouir d’

ors : For on this occafion every one firives to ou t-{h im eachother in the fplendor of their l iveries .

Another court-fefiivity is at themarriage of one of the emprefs’

s maids Marr i age (f t

of honour. On the day of the nuptials the bride and bridegroom are

dretied in white fattin ; and all the Gentl emen of the bed-chamber, at

that time in Vienna , go in a body, droiled in black Spani/b habits , to thebridegroom

’

s houfe, to fetch h im to oourt. The two feniors hay ing

placed h im betwixt them, the procefiion proceeds to court, where theemprefs and the bride are fianding at a window ; and her majeity veryfirongly recommends the bride to the care and

'

affeél ion Of the bride“:groom . The new-amarried coople h ave not only

1the honour .of (u pingwith the imperial family in the evening , but pafs the n ight in a chaher at court appropriated for that ceremony : The filver

-fiands in theapartments are alfo their perqu ifite.

Such nuptial folemnities are now difcontinued and count Stabremborg ,the preteri tAu/i r ian envoy to. the imperial Diet, was the hall who lodgedon h is wedd ing night with in the emperor

’

s palace. On the contrary,when a lady belonging to the court marries , the new-married couple are

not allowed to lodge in Vienna on their wedding-night, unlefs it be privately . and , as it were , incog .

On the4th ofA’wember ,be ing the fa int

’

s day of t he emperor’

s name,and alto on the emprefs

’

s birth -day (the 1 5 th ofAugu/l ) opera’

s are ex

h ibi ted , eat h of wh ich coil s the emperor about fixty thou l'

and guldens ;for th e magnificence of the theatre, the fplendor of the decorations, the

riohnefs of the habits , and the performance in the orchefira, (urpat'

s

any th ing of the ki nd in Eu rope. The ba nd of mufic for the impczialchapel and the pa lace comifis of above a h und red and twenty perlona,and frau ds the emperor, at l eafi, in two hundred . thoutand gardens a

Ac c o u n r

year. Tho’

leveral of the female vocal performers have a l'

alary of furthoufand guldens , yet is it a laying among the I talians , thatVienna is thehofpital of the v i rtuoj e or fingers , and that they never go th ither ti l l theyare worn ou t ; at leali here are no Far inellzs , Senefino

’

s, o r Car i/l inkand tho

’

Gio/eppina has a very fine voice , yet lhe is not to be comparedto Fauflina , Cazzoni , Tureotti ,

'

and fome others.

{ beFavorita. The fummer refidence of the imperial court is general ly theFawr ita, in

the ”feeder: fuburbs . This palace is indeed better adapted for that feafonthan the imperial caltle, where the court refides du ring the winter : butneither the bu ilding nor the gardens are of a fuitable magnificence for logreat a prince as the emperor. I n hot and dry weather, the du ll railedby the horfes and carriages betwixt Vienna and the Fa vor ita wou ld be

fcarce fupportable , were it not for carts loaden w ith water ; which, bycontinual ly pafli ng and repafii ng, lay the du l l , by watering the road as

it were with a gentle lhower.

s chonbrnnn. The finelt of al l the imperial leafure-houfes is Sebonbrunn, which liesat the diltance of a league fromVienna . I t was begun by the e mperor

yo/epb ; however, he d id not l ive to fini lh it. The pleafant fituation of

th is place is attended with one inconveniency, namely, that the l ittleriver M en crolTes the road leveral times between this place and Vienna ;and , as it is fubjeét to very ludden floods, it often happens , that a per.

fon who goes through it in h is way to Sebonorunn at noon without the lealtdanger, i n the evening finds h is return render

’

d impraeticable by the{wel l ing of the river.

The new firufture lying about half a mile from Vienna, on the lefthand of the road towards P re/burg , ferves for a menagerie ; in whichare kept fome foreign and uncommon animal s. The great number of

towers with wh ich th is edifice is adorn’

d give it an odd appearance . Thefe

towers, taken together, reprefent the pavil ion of Sol inzan, the Turki/bemperor, when he laid fiege to Vienna in 1530 . On this account, whenthe Turks afterwards, in 16 3 , became matters of this part of the country , tho

’

they burnt and de toyed al l before them wherever they came,not only fpared this edifice, and made it a kind of magazine for theirprovifions ; but great numbers of them even killed the wal ls with tearsof joy, as memorials of their beloved emperor Solirnan I I . I n thisplace the emperor Roda/pf.» I I . ufed to fpend a great deal of time in chymical operations .

Al ittle way out of the city , near the Burg-gate, his prefent imperial

majelty has bu ilt very fuperb fi ables, wh ich have few equals . Theywere begun when countAkba r, late malter of the horfe, was alive ;who, being a favourite of the emperor, was promifed the main bodyof the building for a dwelling-houfe. One great faul t in thefe liable;

is

t air

Imper ial MU s Eu M.

their n‘

arrownefs, there being {carce room enough toWalk in‘

themout

of the reach of the horfes heels .

The imperial Muj eum is in the caltle ; and one cannot, without alton i lhment, fee the infinite variety of curiofities in gold , filver, ivory , and‘

mother of pearl ; mathematical inltruments of exqu ifite workmanlh ip ;excel lent pictures , antique intagl io

’

s ; vafes of agate, jafper, cryfial , garnet, emerald, Ca

’e. jewels of inell imable value, and abundance of re

l iques . One of the molt remarkable curiofities in th isMufium is a largebowl of agate, three fpans in d iameter ; in the middle ofwhich are thele

characters, laid to be del ineated by nature.

B . XR I STO R . 8 . XXX .

Which is thus decypher’

d

Beator i orbit, or Beator i gener is burnani Cbri/‘Io, Regi Sempitemo, Tri

To Chri l’t the faviour of the world, the Ki ng eternal, the crucified

Triune.

’

The three croll'

es, and particularly the lafl'

, are fomewhat obfcure ;‘

and no fmall ltrength of imagination is required to make“

them fignifyTr i-unom o

i/2x0.

Thi s bow is faid to be afidei commfium, or feofiin ent of trult, brough th ither as part of the inheritance of the houfe of Burgundy .

I have already mentioned , that the countefs dowager of Baden-Badenwas polfefs

’

d of the fecret of fixing al l kinds of colours and figu res onagate. Befi

‘

des, amidlt the infinite variety of the agate veins, there are feveral natural reprefentations ; and even in th is Mufium there is to be (ecu,a mong other pieces, the city of Buda, the dutchy ofAuflr ia , and the

arms of Hungary, on three pieces of agate ; bu t how far art may haved natu re in thefe reprefentations, cannot be determined without“

an accurate examination . I n the mean time, I apprehend, that the

above-mentioned agate bowl will be of no more weight ,

towards the

conviction of the Anti-tr initar ians‘, than the natural reprefentation of

Apollo and the Maj es on an agate in-the polfefli on of king Ir‘y

rr/ous, in

convincing the antients of the divinity of thofe imaginary per ons. Vid.

P linl lib. 37. cap . I .

I n my letter from Inflora‘gs

' ‘

I obferved, that‘

. the im rial Mufeurn atTran/M arin

M h as'

exh ihited fome proo'

of the tranfmutation‘

of‘

afer metals into4mm,"gold . Th is col lection likewife i s notwithout foch fpecimens, to whichVOL. IV. the

Imper ial Mu s a U M.

the favourers of Alchymy with great confidence appeal ; particularly avery th ick old medal , weigh ing three hundred ducats on one tide of

whichApogo is reprefented with fun-beams round his head, and hold

ing a Caduceus in his left hand , with this legend

D IVI NAMETAMORPHOSI S.

Adivine metamorpbo/is.’

And underneath

EXHIBITAPRAGZE XV. IAN . Ao . MDCXLVI I I . IN PRIESENT IASAC . CI ES . MAI EST . FERDINANDI TERTI I .

Performed at P rague, on the 16th of ffanuary , 1648, in the pre

fence of his imperial majelty Ferdinand I I I .’

And on the reverle

RARI S HIEC VT HOMINI BVS EST ARS ITARARO INLVCEM PROB IT . LAVDETVR DEVS IN E TERNVM Oy IPARTEM SVIE INFINITfE POTENTL’E NOBI S SVI SABIECTI SSIMI S CREATVRI S COMMVNICAT.

As this art is known but to few men, (0 it is but feldom exhibitedto the worl d . Praifed be Gon for ever, who has communicated partof his infinite power to u s the meanelt of his rational creatures.’

This wonder is faid to have been perform’

d by an adept, cal l’

d Baron

Cbaes. Another bowl , formerly of a meaner metal , but decorated withthe images ofall the emperors of theHabfpurg family, is now lhewnhereofpure gold : and this tranfmutation of the metal is laid to have been

made by lVenjel Renter/berg , anAugu/l ine renegado monk, in the re

fence of the emperor Leopold. I t is of an oval figure, three ells and)

an .

half in circumference, and its upper part is ltill of bafe metal . I f th isappears a weighty proof of the poflibility of tranfmuting metals

,it

no lefs certain and notorious, that Reiner/berg afterwards , and efpecial lyafter his death , was difcovered to be an impoltor ; who had got twentythoufand guldens from the emperor, and confiderable fums from other

rfons . The artifices which thefe pretenders general ly make ufe,of to.

had thole whom they have once drawn in, are too. numerous to berelated.

Orber curio

mm ) .

Imper ial MU s a Uf M.

they l ived together in wedlock an hundred and

They were born and l ived at Stado'va , in the difiriét

and the bannerate of Tamcfwaer , and had i ll'

ue two fons

daughters, who are f’ril l l iving ; the youngelt fon is in h isand fixteenth year, Cs

’c.

’

Aconcile and judicious account of the curiofities in the imperialMufi’

um, and of the pictures in the gal lery, being publ ilhed at Vienna,

and l ikewife in D. Kuekelbecker’

s defcription of the imperial cou rt, I {hallnot enter into farther particu lars . The pictures in the gal lery have beenengraven on copper

-plates ; but I mull own, that thole prints do it no

great honour . Among the many noble pieces here, the following are

the molt‘

remarkable , v iz. AP ietai , by Andrea del Sarto ; St. Marga

retta , by Raphael , wh ich colt twenty-fix thoufand gu ldens and ou r Sa

viour fianding before Pi latefitting on the tribunal , b Ti tian, valued atfixtythoufandfiudi or crowns . Here are alfo threemallerly pieces byDenner ,

a native ofHamburg , who is fii l l l iving, for each of which he had a

thoufand dollars . Two of them are mens heads, and the third a wo

man’

s . The r e of P rofi’rpine, by Solimene, is remarkable for its fineamber-frame, w

'

ch ,‘

however, is by no means too good for the painting. His im erial majell

'

y made a fine addition to the paintings here inthe year 17 1 by the purchafe of the admiral of Ca/l i le

’

s col lection, for

fixty or feventy thoufand dol lars, of the yq/isi ts at Li/bon, to whom. the

admiral had left them by wi ll .

I n the fourth a artment of the [Wt/21m . it, feriou lly , lhewn adaemon, orfamil iar fp irit, w ich being conjured out of a dzmoniac, was confined

in a glafs : but, in real ity , it i s noth ing but a dark-coloured piece of

mols , or fometh ing of that kind , natural ly inclofed with in a tri angular

piece of cryfial , which , in lhape, has fome diltant refemblance of al ittle man. I n Mr .w inger

’

s col lection of natural curiofities at Dryden,he thewed fome lea-weeds inclofed in cryfial and inmy letter from P ifa,I have mentioned a fimilar inll ance of a fly .

The gratuity for feeing the Mu/E’um i s fettled at twenty-five, and for

the picture-gallery twelveThe imperial l ibrary is a very handfome edifice over the entrance is

the following infeription

randi sfavendgfque liter is,eopia

"

aufl am

I mper ial L I B RAR v.

qu ickfilver mines at I dra wil l be viewed with pleafure by al l lovers of

mechanics. At the end of the l ibrary is a particu lar cabinet, appro

priated for antient Roman monuments and infcriptions ; and a confide

rable col lection of them has been already made .

narlycltarges. The expences of th is l ibrary , including the falaries of ofli cers and

fervants belonging to it, amount yearly to 12000 guldensfi" I n Ntfiel

’

s

time, it was very d ifli cu lt to get admittance into this l ibrary ; whichgave occafion to the following levere epitaph

HoeLapidepremiturNe leélumpremat

[DAN I EL NE SSEL I VSUltza -Saxo,

B ibliotbeca' Vindoéonen/is P reefi él us,Qui

AveroDei caltu reeefit,Ut fuecederet Lambeeeio,

E lmanitate, Dofl r ina”

,I nduflr id , Sobr ietate.

Ne igitur mireris, Viator ,I n Vir i morte

j aéturamfed/e multosOenopolas magnum,

Bibliopolar pamam,

Orbem l iteratum nullam;Nune

i at '

r getov +0301;

Patet B ioliotzbeea Vindooonetfis,Nam

NESSEL I VS latet.

Under this ftone, that he may no longer ptefs a bed, is

Daniel NW] a native of Saxony, chief l ibrarian of the l ibrary at

who, that hemight fucceed Lambeeci , towhom he was much inferiorin learning, diligence, fobriety and pol itenefs, abjured the true worlhipofGod . Therefore, travel ler, be not furprized to hear that the deathof luch a manwasmuch lamented by Vintners, was a great lofs to bookfellers, and none at al l to the learned world . Now, traveller, enter

this repofitary"

of medicine for the foul without moleltation For

5 NW!being lhutup, the l ibrary ofVienna is free, and open to al l .’

Near4001. flerlin‘

g.

Olfer'vations on tbzI mper ial Cou an.

which themarqu is de We/ler lo fell into d ifgrace, and loll his regiment.As to your inqu iries concerning the character of prince Eugene, and the

other counfellors of fiate ; the deceafed favorite countAltbau , the arch

biflmp ofValenzu, the eompte di Stella ; Bendenr idter’

s good fortune, the

prelén'

t minilters , the adminifiration of the imperial exchequer , the ihtrigues of baron Nimpj i

'b and the abbot Odtfi'bi , Mr . N wil l give

you a fatisfacl ory account of them. He wil l l ikewife inform you of the

particu lars relating to the emperor yofepb’

s death,and the marriage of the

two archdu tchefl'

es his daughters ; the prince of Salm, the countefs of

Batbiani , theNeapolitan fifcal Riccardi , and the chief phyfician Gare/Ii ;the emperor

’

s d ifpofition towards the bu l l Unigenitus, Ste.

Bu t that you may not th ink I decl ine anfwer-ing your queries, from .

indolence , and averfion to any long talk , I here fend you an extraét ofa manufcript account of the imperial cou rt in the lalt century , u nder

the emperor Leopold, which has been communicated to me. Some paffages, wherein the houfe of Au/lr ia is treated with too much freedomby the Swede, I have omitted ; bu t withou t any prejudice to thole

htfiorical obfervations which are belt adapted to the talle of judiciousreaders . You cannot bu t promife you rfel f fome entertainment in the

perufal of it, from the author’

s name, and the great reputation he hasj ufily acqu ired as a very able minil ler.

EXTRACT from fecretary I SAI AH PUFr annoar r’

s account of :

the imperial Court and its conl’titution, which was readbefore the king and counci l of Sweden at Stockbolm, on

the 27th day ofMarci »; 16 75 .

THAT your majeli

-y may have a ju lt idea of the imperial court, I

fhal l briefly acquaint you , that the emperor I S a princewhomGodhas endow

’

d with a very good genius, and an amiable tern er . He

is temperate, of a good d ifpofition , and averle to all kinds 0 excefl'

es.

His natural endowments he has improved by the ltudy of l iteraturefor, befides his knowledge in the mathematics , he writes and eXprelfesh imfelf with purity in the Latin, I talian and Spani/b languages. Hi s

intimate acquaintance with ancient and modern h il’tory appears both

in h is council and in his locial converfations . I n affairs of momenthis prudence makes h im proceed

‘

flowly. This is partly owing to'

his

own temper, and partly to the cu llom praftifed by theAu/lrzan court

and if, at any time, a refolution is to , be immediately taken,’

lters find nofmall difficu lty in bringing him'

to'

iu'

Bil l whenonce refolved upon, he

: is'

fix’

d and immoveable ; efpécial lyhf w ere

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

the young nobility have been d ivert ing themfelvesby thooting at amark,al l the time employed in embroidering tome chu rch ornaments. I

remember the preadher atl'

erted , in her funeral fermon , that the never

had committed a mortal fin. The emperor was very fond of her,both as hi s fpoufe, and on account of the ir near confangu init

'

y ; for as

the was h is own filter’

s daughter , th e always ated to call him uncle.

However, the lots of herwas not much lamented , as the weaknefs of

her confi itution gave no hopes of a healthy ofi'

spring . Befides, the

was to furrounded with Spawn/b ladies that no German women could

get accots to her ; and , in theprefence of the Spani/b ch ief governefs,the wasnot permitted to fpeak aword ofHigbDutcb. The fame Spamj blady was to much the more the detettarion of al l ranks of people, as

the was firongly fufpeé’ced of being accefl

'

ary to the death both of the

eldelt prince and the other princefs, that the el dett daughter mightbe the on turvivor : thi s was done, as i s pretended , in order to pro

cure for king of Spain a bride who th ou ld bring h im tuch vatt

dominions for her portion. For thefe reafons i t was reckon’

d fortu

nate for the German l ine of theAufir ian family, that God was pleatedto take th is prinoets out of the world in the twenty

-firtt year of her

a

‘

gg'l‘he preteri t emprefs, a princefs of [rt/pram, has an agreeable per

fon, a nd a l ively chearfu l d ifpofition. She fometimes even prevailson the emperor to lay ohde his wonted gravity , and put on an air

Sfp loafantry. The conformity of their incl inations has greatly en

deared them to each other ; for the i s alto a great admirer of huntingand mufic, and often ti ngs , and plays on feveral inltruments . Her

ch ildwas a prinoefs, who died Of convulfions, notwithfianding al l

the iki l l of yficians who were cal led to her aflifiance. However,from her

‘

pre ent pregnancy, it is hoped , and rather with too much con

fidenoe eXpefi ed , that God wil l reward the piety Of the emperor, and

the prayers of tomany thoufands, particu larly the ecclefiattics, with a

healthy prince ; and by that means fix the fuccefl ion'

to the imperialcrown in the houfe of Auflr ia , even for three or four centuries tocome .

The emprefs-dowager Mar ia-Eleonara , princefs of Mantua , is a

lady of uncommon wit and prudence, by wh ich th e gained the afi’ec

tion of the emperor Ferdinand I I I . her hutband who, befides con

fiderable prefents in his life-time, has, by h is wil l , placed her in a

condition fu itable to her d ignity. Her behaviour has l ikewife entitledher to the elteem of the pretent emperor, her fon

-ih -law : for when he

was fingle, and alto in the l ife-time ofhi s Spani/b contort, thewas in great

court ; and many inaportant tranfaétions were happily;

con

5 uéted

Oij érvatzom on {be Imper ial COURT .

ceeded byMontecuculi . The imperial fecretary of ttate, count Gow'

gfig , is alfo frequently fummoned h ither, together with the privy feeretary d bele, who is the only inferior ofli cer allowed to be prefent at

”

thefe del iberations. From hence the d ifficu lty of coming at any feerets may be conceived , and thea rtifices and infinuations that mutt beufed in order to get an certain infight into the cabinet. As foreignminifiers addrefs them elves only to the conference-council , lay theirpr0pofals before them, and confer with them ; the council minutesdown every particular debated among them, add ing the refult of theirdel iberations . Thefe minutes are del ivered to the emperor by the private fecretary, and the time is fixed when thete articles are to be dif

cutfed in h is imperial majetty’

s prefence then they undergo a fecond

examination and thete meafures which the emperor mott approves ofare pu rfued accordingly .

At firtt no refolution of any importance was taken without confu lting this conference-council but the prefent Spani/b ambafi

'

ador, foon

after h is arrival , finding that prince Lobkofwitz was not fo eafily ma

naged as Portia , (who, being u tterly acquainted with Rate-affairs, was,as he once told me, led by h im l ike a child) at length found means,thro

’

the influence that baron Haeber and Mr .Adele had over the em

peror, to carry on feveral negociations of very great importance, of

which the conference-council col leétively were whol ly ignorant. I wasinformed by the Spa/riff: ambafi

'

ador h imfelf, that he obtained a verbal

promife of great importance, which was afterwards ratified by a letter

written with the emperor’

s own hand to the queen of Spain, in the

gear

r67 1 unknown to the princes Lobkowitz, Scbwartzenberg and Lam erg .

I n th is letter the emperor engaged , before the rupture between France

and Holland, that in the approaching war he wou ld in al l things conform to the meafures purfued by the cou rt of Spa in . I t was on thisaccount that the prince afterwards complained , that there were not

wanting perfons, who wou ld make no fcruple of facrificing the em

perot to their own felfith views .

The fal l of the prince of Averjjberg proceeded from h is oppofition

to the Spani/b interett and more particu larly from the advice he gavethe emperor , in 1667 and 1668 , not to concern himfelf in the war carried on in the Netber/ana

’

r. And notwithttanding this advice, whichhe del ivered in writing, was approved of by the emperor and the privycouncil without the leafi debate, and even at Madr id ; yet fo far was

this from faving him, that he was firipped of all h is employments and

banithed . He unhappily furnithed h is enemies, by h is indifcretion,with an opportunity to ru in him : for, at the deceafe of h is wife, heprocured the king of France

’

s recommendation, both to the emperorand

C

C

C

C

Cid/creations on tbs Imper ial Cou a'

r .

That the Spaniards were laying fnares for him was what he had longbeen aWare of and had endeavo ured to difconcert them, by the quar

rel he had with M . dcGremane i ila at the opera, in the prefence of the

emmror and the whole Court. But th is d ifi'

erence was made up in the

very fame year and he promoted a treaty with France, without lettingthe ambatiador into the fecret. H'

e l ikewife declared againtt fendingaway any imperial troops , and the al liance with Holland, and , as h is

enemies give out, retarded it for a confiderable time. Upon thi s the irhatred againtt him redoubled, and , as the firfi t’rep to h is ruin, h isI ta lian fecretary was taken. into euttody ; in hopes that, either fromfear or refentment, he wou ld of h imfelf throw up his employments ,and withdraw from court. But this was what he cou ld; not be brought

to on the contrary, be determined to {l and the ifihe ; being confidentthat the emperor, who had experienced h is fideli ty in matters of the

h ighett importance, and particu larly in the cleétion atFrancéfort, wou ld

protect him againft his accufers, or at leatt permit h im to clear h im

felf. However, time has th ewn u s how much he was mittaken inth is point.Prince Scbrvartzcnberg is a man of a very gracefu l prefence, and fine

addrefs . He immediately fees into al l the d ifficu lties that may arife inany affair, and has a very good talent in bringing them to light : however, he is faid not to be fo happy in finding ou t refources ; To that

he has been nick namedDoflar perplexitatumCs”dubitator perpetaur, i . e

The au thor of perplexities and endlefs doubts .

”

He is the richett

nobleman in the emperor’

s fervice ; and . this he, in a great meafure,

allot amicarfibi adj ungcre pqfl'

et coqnc ad 5411103 gerendm inbabi li : redderd ur . Na

vy/e

inficiabatur , confil i ir Hifpanorum [c aéfl itifl r, qui Car/arcm belle contra Ga l/am impl icara

bout. Q3“: Eff J ar/perg i i antca af ter fucrant, an: mfi wrat, at Gee/ar Anna 1667. arias?

fl cfl arct, a Gallo tantarn Belgi i pamm abr ipi . San? tanta tnnc Vienna: crat ficrctarumpraditia, atMontccuadra [g

er iorc am Cefar i [tr iden t fizrimfi re, at cur/are: nan adfe, fedrcfl ZLutetiam tendant. an: r ucnmn ncmo mi cratianc, pler iquc la itid pr equ bantur , Quidnemincmnon ex mcra animi petulantia infultare olitur (first, afpcrz dicacitati memoda indulgent .I n the external depoftment of that man there was a particulari ty bu t l i ttle d itferent frommadnefs . He teemed to make it his whole bufinet

'

s to perfuade al l the envoys of theGerman princes at Vienna , that the emperor was not to be rel ied on. I n this hisaim was to bring it about, that the emperor, feeing himtelf deltitute of friends , mightfind himfelf incapable of entering into the war. Nor did he deny, that he oppot

'

ed

the countels of the Spaniards, who wou ld have involved the emperor in a war againttFrance. This had before been done by the artifices ofAver g , who had per luaded the

emperor to Rand as an idle t'

peétator in 1667, whi lfi the ranch d ifpotl'

efs’

d theDaub offo great a part of the Netbcr landr . Indeed there had been fuch betraying of counci ls

then atVienna , thatManrecuculi wrote the preceding year to the emperor, tel l ing him, itwould be as well that no couriers thou ld be (cut to h im, but thould proceed {trait to Parir.His fall none pitied, butmolt pebple rejoiced at it, on account of his infolent behaviour,

6

am!themalignant petulance of his tongue.’ M ama’s difgraee happened in the year

3 74°owes

Oéfi r fvatianr on tbe Imper ial COURT.

owes to the l iberality Of the archduke Leopold-Wlliam, Whomhe fervedin the pott of tteward of the houthold . He is neither beloved by theemperor nor the Spaniards ; becaufe he prompted h is matter atFrank

fort to offer h imfelf a candidate for the imperial crown, and to refign

the government in the Nether lands . Notwitht’randing th is he not onlymaintains h imtelf in al l h is potts , but, in confideration of h is vatt for

tune, has found means to be created a prince.

CountLamberg’

s chief recommendation is his long fervices for he Cow Lam.

has been h igh fieward to the emperor ever fince he was archduke.

b“?

He is fond Of reading ; but fays very li ttle in the council . However,he is very dil igent in h is pott, as firt

’t lord of the bedchamber, and very

affiduou s in h is attendance on the emperor.

Count Mantecncul i is etieemed at court a very able politician, a s he Ca u liflow

has a cool head , and is not too precipitate in affairs : befides, he has “ c‘m‘

been a member of the council many years, and is confequently a per

ton of great experience. He l ikewife acqu ired great reputation by thevic'tory of St. Gotbard and it is the general opinion at Vienna , that therepu lfe of the Frencb, in 1673 , was owing to h im. However Mr. de

Soacbes obferved to me, that he was more of the ttatet'

man than told ier

and that he“

had learned the art of war rather from books than in the

field . His declining the command of the army latt year was fair!toproceed from an apprehenfion that princeLabi a

-wire , who at that time'

was of the cabinet-council , might do him fome il l turn, and cau‘fe

'

fuch orders to be tent h im, as were impOtTrble to be executed ; and

that if he mifcarried , it might affeét h is reputation . Others are ofOpinion he forefaw, that, by the al l iance then on the carpet between

the Spaniards and Date/J, whofe conduct the year before at Bonn hehad centured , l ittle or nothing wou ld be performed ; and that the

Spani/b ambafl'

ador favou redMantecucali , in order to form a party againtl:

prince Lobkofwitz, whofe abil ities might Otherwife have baffled all h is

intrigues . Mantecaculi , after h is return from the empire, conttantlyatli tl ed at al l fecret tranfaétions, and entirel y devoted hirnfelf to the

Spanifl: interett ; for wh ich that Court promifed to procure him, fromthe emperor, fome confiderablc fiefs with the title Of prince. WhenI took my leave of h im he talked to me with an open franknefs , and

declared it to be his opinion, that, in the prefect fituation of affairs,

you r majet'

ty cou ld not better confu lt your Own fafety, than by viewing the defigns of the Frencb in the fame l ight as h is imperial majefiydoes, who, indeed , thinks them ch imerical , “bu t, at the fame time ,dangerous to al l Europe ; and tuch as are mentioned in the duke de

8 015’

s memoirs to havebeen formed by Henry IV.

”

He a dded , the

emperor’

s views were better grounded and that there was l ittle doubt,but

Oéfirvatiom on tbe Imper ial COURT .

but that the power and firmnefs Of the fiates of Germany would at laft

prove fuperior to the unbounded ambition of theFrench, wh ich feem’

d

to enlarge itfelf under the declenfion Of their power, and the increafe

Of domefiic confufions .

Baf tflfl °¢h°r BaronHacber is a man Of great learning and eloquence. He was

brought up to the law, and at firft praétifed it at Bozzen but after

wards , at the dyer Of Rafi/ban, he acqu ired a thorough knowledge Of

the confiitu tion of the German empire and its defeéts . At h is firft appearance in the pol itical world he was very l ittle acquainted with the

interefis and firength Of foreign princes ; bu t I plainly obferved , in

my attendance at court, that, by his converfation with (0 many fo

reign minifiers, he daily made improvements in that necefiary branch

of pol iticks . He’

s a man of unwearied appl ication ; and Of whom,

though he is often laid up with the gout, it may be tru ly faid , that hedevotes h imfelf to publ icAffairs, and looks upon bufinefs as h is greateftpleafure . He is indefatigable, and extremely patient. He minutelyweighs every eXprefli on,

and takes care that h is anfwers be {0 equ ivocal as always to fecure him a retreat. He has the character Ofbeingvery d ifinterefted ; and, by what I cou ld difcern, he is zealous of

nothing more than to encreafe the emperor’

s power and prerogativepoflibly with too l ittle regard to the refi Of the Germanic body, withthe weaknefs Of which he is fufiiciently acquainted . Th is gentleman,together with the private fecretaryAbele, are both devoted to the yet/hi ts,and confequently to the Spani/b I ntereft. They are likewife bitterenemies to the Protefiants, and ufe their utmoft endeavours to introduce arbitrary power.

Ct Count K is a Wel l-bred gentleman, and very free in conver

fatiou fO that it is no great difii cu lty to come at the knowledge Of hisfentiments ; efpecial ly by efpoufing a contrary opinion, and thus throwing him into a heat in difpu te. He was at firfi fufpeéted to be Of the

Fur/knberg party, being fomething related to them : and in the difpu te

betwixt the eleetor Of Cologn and the city Of Cologn, feveral thingswere tranfaéted in theAte/ir ian fecretary Of fiate

’

s office, wh ich properly belong

’

d to his department, as fecretary Of fiate to the empire.

He has often complained to me Of fome indireet praétices OfMr.Haeber,

in conceal ing fromhimmatters which he had a right to be informed of.

The Opinion that he is not proof againfl: prefents, founded on fome

particu lars Of his condui twhen vice-prefident of the council , has beenof great difadvantage to him : and to this I bel ieve it is owing, that hewil l never be employed in treaties, in concert with another minifter,

Artwork] of as the baron dcL’

Zfola was atCologn._ ,The above-mentioned minifters,

‘b‘ s1m“ who have the chief direftion of foreign affairs in the imperial court,are

Oéfimations on tbs Imper ial COURT. 49are obl iged to regu late themfelves by the direéhon of the Spani/bAmbafl

'

ador : for, partly by penfions, partly from their Own incl ination to

the Spani/b counfels, and partly by fear, they are entirely at his devo

tion ; (0 that they dare not oppOfe h im, efpecial ly fince princeLobkowitzpaid (0 dearly for his oppofition . Tho

’

the Spani/b ambafi'

ador be

grofly ignorant Of foreign affairs, and hardly knew the firft rudiments

of pol itics when he came toVienna ; yet, by h is flattery and hucfl'

e, he

has infinuated himfelf into the emperor’

s favour far beyond h is two

predecefi'

ors , who were natives Of Spain and had al l the haughtinefs

wh ich is the charaéterifiic Of that nation . I n flxort, he has acqu iredfuch an authority, that he may tru ly be faid to be the firfi mover in

every tranfaétion : and i t was no bad jeft Of the Pope’

s nuncio, whenhe (aid , that the emperor

’

s name was P aul, which is the chrifiian

name Of the Spani/b ambaffador.Count Z inzendwf may alfo be reckoned among the rivy-coun CountZinzen

fellors . He is Preward Of the houthold to the emprefgdowager, d°'i °who privately has a hand in fiate affairs and in deliberations of ex

traordinary weight, the emperor general ly fummons him to council .Prince Leakawitz, who cou ld bear with him better than any Of the

reft, employed him chiefly for keeping up a good underfianding be

twixt the emperor and his mother-ia-law ; and fometimes even to

procure the emperor’

s afi'

ent to fame acts Of the council . By thefemeans, and his intimate connexion with the famous Capuchin fatherEmmefi cb, he brought himfelf into confiderable repute ; {0 that fiveral

foreign minifters have vifited h im and, as occafion Offered, he hasbeen very ferviceable to them, when it could be done confiftentlywith his duty.

‘As he i s not Of the cabinet, nor indeed Of any pol io

tical department, he only meddles in fiate affairs Occafional ly, whenhe is introduced by the emperor

’

s order. He is a man Of great j udgment and penetration, a nd is neither too precipitate, nor too flow

(6 that he might be employ’

d, to advantage, in negociations Of the

greateft importance. But mqfi people, and particu larly the I talians,think, that he does not fill his poft under the emprefs dowager withthe fame difcretion as his predecefl

'

ors did, and her intereft requires

for {0 great a want of money has never been known in that court, as

during his adminiftration.

Among the Regulars the principal is the Capra/Bin,father Emmer ich, Faster Em

mentioned above ; who fome yearsfince, as itwere, made a publ ic mefifihoprofcfilon of his being a fiatefman at the Imperial Court. He is notonly vifited by the foreign and imperial m

'

nifters, and difcourfes with5 themon their ropofals or requefts, but 0 takes upon himto gO and

confer with mof the council concerning them and even to layVOL. IV. H affairs

Oé/ér svations on the Imper ia l COURT“.

affairs before h is imperial majef’ry , and make a report of his refolution.

He was confident to prince Lobkarvitz,who,

when he had any pointto carry, found no inltrument fO fit for h is purpofe as father Emmer icb ;and th is father l ikewife had the talent Of bringing the prince to clOfe

with h is fentiments in any affair, whether publ ic or private . Th is

addrefs has placed h im fO high in the emperor’

s efteem, that in al l

affai rs of importance, whether foreign or domefl ic , h is advice is though tabfolutely neceffary . The Spanifl: ambaffador h imfelf, notwithfiand ingthe afcendant he has got over the emperor, did not th ink h imfelf abovepaying his court to Emmer ich : and , when he cou ld not bring him to

conform with his dcfigns , wou ld entreat h im to forbear al l oppofition,

and obferve a neutral ity by being filent. Bu t, for the laft fix or feven

month s before I left Vi enna ,th i s father was no longer vifited by the

Spani/b ambaITador ; for he had firongly feconded prince Lobkefwi tz in

the debate on the emperor'

s making h imfelf a party in the war, and

l ikewife declared againft the fevere treatment Of prince Wi lliam of

Fmfienberg , and the manner Of it. He was born in Hungary , OfGer

man parents . He is now betwixt fifty and fixty years Of age, and has

but a flender flock of learning, which he debafes by h is pedantry .

But fuch is his mi ldnefs , candor, and probity, that when it is praéticable, every body chufes to truft him with their affairs preferably to

the other cou rtiers . The two qualities laftmentioned have (0 rivettedhim in the emperor

’

s affeétion, that it wou ld be a difficu lt talk to f up

plant h im. I t was the Opinion Of many, that he wou ld have fa l len

into difgrace with prince Lobkofwitz efpecially as the j e/i a'

ts were h is

antagonif’rs, and as at that time he was on ill terms with the Spani/Z» am

bah'

ador. Bu t he has flood h is ground , and maintained al l h is formeref’teem and power ; and the emperor was (0 far from being offended on

that account, that he generoufly a proved Of the fieadinefs Ofhi s afi'

eétion

to the prince. He was indeed t e onl perfon, who, during the three;days al lowed the prince for removing rom court, converfed with him,

and gave h im very good advice on feveral ; fubjeéts . SO far I know

myfelf, that he earneftly advifed the ratification Of the treaty concluded

with your majefty in 1668 , and , if pofli ble, to make it yet fironger .

He advifed , on the contrary, not to enter into a war with Francewithout the utmoft necefii ty, nor to engage tOO far with Holland and .

Spain, obferving, that no firefs was to be laid on the conftancy Of the

former, and that the latter, being unable to go thro’

with what it hadbegun, was for drawing Germany into the quarrel and then, as hemore than once told me, the upfhot wou ld be, that it mufi pay for

al l . He alfo blamed the violence with which the e/izits‘pufli ed the

f reformation in Hungary and Si lefc : and openly dec ared, at he had.

often

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

Oéfirvan‘

o‘

ns on tbe’

Imperial Ccmatinfults. The means for the execution of fuch a fcheme do not feemto be wanting, if we confider the vaf’r revenue of th e court of

Vienna , and the feveral other branches Offl

ower annexed to the im

perial d ignity, which is now as it were ereditary in the Auflr ianfamily .

’

Tis true, the two Ferdinands, I I . and I I I . by an impol iticl iberal ity, gave away a great part Of their demefnes and revenues, toge

ther With the forfeitu res arifing from the civil wars in Bohemia withth is additional claufe, that the debts with which fuch efl ates were

chargeable, {hould be paid out Of the imperial treafury, to the end

that the clergy in parti cular, who had got the greateft part Of fuch

grants, might not fufl’er by thofe confifcations . However, the free

gifts and aids of the cfiates, if the emperorwill but a l ittle exert himfelf,wou ld bring in a clear revenue of fix mil lions of dol lars annual ly .

This is lefs to be wondered at, as in the year 1673 they amounted tofivemil lions, feven hundred, twenty-one thoufand and two hundred gul

dens, exclufive Of the extraordinary expences Of the regiments intheir march to Tr iers, the place of rendezvouz. I t is to be obferved ,that in th is vaft fum the revenues of Tirol , and the other frontierAnj irian countries, as they are called, and thofe of Hungary, are not

included . Of thefe I could get no account at Vienna ; for they are

riot paid into the imperial treafury, butmake a diftinét fund Of referve,as it were, for the emperor

’

s privy-phrfe. Befi'

des, the account Of

themis fO confufed, as to admit of no exafi compu tation ; efpecial lyat prefent, when things are carried on there at difcretion, and the poor

Hungar ians O preifed to the utmOl’t. I f the remaining lands, with thefaltworks an du ties ; the Hungai‘ian mines ; fli ck of qu ick filver in

Fri uli , and the revenues OfTi rol , are compu ted only at three mill ionsa year, wh ich they certainly exceed , the emperor might be matter Ofa certain revenue Of nine mill ions of dol lars 13 without any defalca

tions ; wh ich is certainly an immenfe fum, and capable of performinggreater things than have h itherto been done. But it feems theAu/lr ianminifters for a long time impofed upon their mafters, with the pre

tence ; that to concern themfelves with money-affairs were below their

dignity ; and that calculationswere very d ifficu lt and tedious, and oughtto be entirely left to the proper Ofii cers appointed for that purpofe.

Whereas a proper method might render accompts very eafy and cer-x~

tainly the care Of the revenue ought to be one Of the chief concernsof a prince, as the beft concerted fchemes cannot be carried into exe

cution, without confu lting the Rate Of the finances, to fee how far itcan fecond them. I t is not my meaning, that a [overeign

'

fhould be

Ru ling, a donar being equal to3 a. 6 d. 1'

5 52530001. fibrfing.

continually

Ohfirvations an the Imperial Cou t'

1i

continually engaged in the minutiae Of government : however, I myfelf have known many affairs Of l ittle or no confequence, folemnlydebated by the privy-counci l in the emperor

’

s prefence.

About five or fix months before my arrival atVienna , countMarti CyanMarri

nitz, burgrave of P rague, laid before h is irnperial majefiy a long mem“ ‘f‘b‘m

moir, u rging the necefli ty Of a reformation in the exchequer ; and the

matter was at laft brought fO far, that he had a commiffion, under theemperor

’

s fign manual , to draw up a plan for putting a ftOp to em?bezzlements , the unnecefi

'

ary difii pation of the publ ic money , and

Other fraudulent meafures . What is faid firfi to have put the em eror

upon this fcheme, was the immenfe wealth amafl'

ed by the pre d ent

of the exchequer , who, at h is firft entrance on that empio ment, Was

general ly thought not to be worth above twenty thoufand Ol lars : but

in a fhort time he acqu ired fuch a fortune, that, exclufive of the pur

chafes he made Of eftates and lordfh ips, he paid fixty thoufand dol larsfor a pearl necklace for his lady . CountAl artinitz had made fuch a

progrefs , that h is plan was to take place, the prefid'

ent Of the exche

quer to be cal led to an account, and the revenue placed upon quiteanother

’

footing. But the prefident not thinking it advifable to an d a

trial , and unwi lling to fee the profits and emoluments Of his office cftrtai led , fheltered h imfelf under the protéétion Of prince Lobko

‘

witz, by

Ofl'

ering him the immediate ayment Of a debt due t'

o his to

the amount of two hundred Oufand guldens ; which was attual ly per

Q

formed , and the fum paid to the prince Ohr Of Upon

th is fuch an OppOfition was rai led a

‘gainft cou fcheme

,

that, defpairing of fuccefs, and difg’

u ed at the mifcarria'

ge Of his good

intentions for the benefit of the public, he retired to his cfiate inBo;hemia . This money the emperor, inNovember laft, obliged the princeto refund, when he was leaving the court in order to repair to his exileinBohemia ; wh ich raifed a general clamor, as if it had been a bribe theprince had received from the kingThe emperor, in his hereditary dominions, can, not only raife, but Tb: mam,

maintain a firong army, being in no danger Of wantingmen at leafifim‘W“

while the enemy is kept frommaking them the feat Of war. Of th isthere are innumerable inftances in the long wars Of Germany ; whichhas never been at refi fince the year 16 18 , but continual ly railing armyupon army, and fending a great number Of excel lent troops into I taly,Portugal , the Netherlands, to the wars in Poland and Denmark, a

'

lfo into9 Traryylvania, and againft the Turks. Though this country has been,as itwere, continual ly employed inrailing and difcipl inirig

'

newtroops,yet in the year 167 the emperor had no lefa than fixty thoufand men

entertained by the ate'

s of the country ; but I will not afli rm, that allthe

Oh/eroations on the Imper i al COURT

the companies were complete .At length indeed this country began

to fink under the charge Of fO great an army ; but if Spain wou ldhave advanced about eight or nine hundred thoufand rixdoilars a n

nual ly, they might have been recru ited, and year after year kept upin the hered itary dominions . This agrees with what I have heardfrom Herman margrave of Baden,

namely , that the marqu is de Ca/lelRodr igo, when he was ambaffador at Vienna , propofcd a treaty, bywh ich the king Of Spain was to pay an annual fubfidy Of a milion and

fa half of rixdol lars, and the emperor was continual ly to keep up in h is

hereditary dominions an army of feventy thoufand men ; thirty thou

fand Of wh ich were to be kept in confiant readinefs, for the fervice of

ither in I taly or the Low Countr ies. The marqu is de Ca/lellooked upon this to be a faving article, as the charge of an

army of th irty thoufand men, ifkept up by the king Of Spa in, wouldbe much greater.

Such is the vafr power Of the German l ine Of the houfe ofAndr iaand if to th is be added the extraordinary advantages annexed to the

imperial dignity, its fplendor and ambitious views are. not to be won

dered at. For tho’

the em eror has no pecuniary revenues from theempire, yet the owerful oufe of Au/lr ia pofl

'

efi'

es an inefiimable

j jewel in having t e imperial crown, as will appear from the followin

'

g advanta es

I . That y this means it always has an opportunity Of interfering,ex gficioCaj

’

areo, not only in the differences ari li ng between the princesof the empire, but l ikewife in thofe on the German frontiers betweenneighbouring wets ; and of entertaining a g

reat par:of the army at

thecharges O the dates of the empire.1"

'

c a a e a e e o c so a e a

I I . By the imperial aulic council the emperor is fupreme judge, not

onl in feudal cafes, but alfo in other difputes betwixt the princesan this is a prerogative of very great importance, 3 c.

a

0 i t i t i t i t Q Q i i t l l! it n

I I I .

‘

Athird advantage accrues to the emperor from the religiousdifferences introduced by Luther and Calvin ; towards the SuppreflionOf which , as fome pretend, Charles V. d id not {how the greatcfl:

a a ezeal , Ci c.o it a to a

c u a a a a a a a a e a

IV. The fourth advanta e, and a very confiderable one, is, that theem oror is the fountain Of Ohour, whereby, from the prevalence Ofam itiou in the human mind, he cannot fail Of procuring himfelf

Arixdollar is 33 . 6d. fi erl ing.

fcreatures

Oé/‘

ervationr on tbe Imper ial Counr .

feudal afi'

airs, efpecial ly as thewar between France and Holland wasdrawing to a conclufion, might at length be fettled on an equ itablefootin after a deal of foph i ll ry I brought h im to th is candid anfwer

I neit er can nor ought to defire the emperor to ufe h is endeavors for

keeping a {l anding army in the empire ; towards wh ich his houfemutt furnifh nine thoufand men, which is near a third part, and yetwith no greater authority than the nomination of a major-general .Hence may be feen at once the proportion of the quotas furnithed bythe rovinces belongin to the houfe of Anfir ia in Germany and the

Net lands to that of t e whole empire .

TheTurkf/b power is but l ittle dreaded at Vienna Andit is folely imputed to the inveterate hatred that the Hungar ian: bearagainft the Germans, that the Turks have h itherto penetrated fo far

without any confiderable oppofition. Befides, the Ottoman empire,’

tis hoped , is upon the decline, on account of the decay of difcipl ine

among the Tarktj b troops ; for moft of the veteran yanizaries, whohad been trained up frpm their ch ildhood in military exercifes, havebeen cut to pieces in the wars of Hungary , Candia and Poland : and

the new recru its, or prefent j anizar ies, no longer confift of chi l

ed away from Chriftian parents by way of tribute, (thatmethod being found to depopu late the country too much ) but of vagrantsand the very dregs of the peeplea General Mnteenenli himfelf in

formed me thefe troops are general ly fent into the field when they have

not been eul ifted above twomonths.I t is wel l known, that the king of Poland has but l ittle reafon to be

a friend to the houfe of Anfiria ; it being againft his intereft entirelythat the emperor fhould grow too powerfu l . But i t is thought that

thewatchful eye, wh ich he is obl iged to keep upon theTurks, Coj aeb ,

Tartar : and Rufians, wil l not permit him to offer any di ll urbance to

9 the head of the empire. Hence M.Hoeber , upon the news of kingSobicfi i

’

s election to the crown of Poland, comforted himfelf with the

thoughts that hewould have bufinefs enough on h is hands to employ

him athome . Neither has the emperor any thing to fear fromthefideof I taly ; the Pope being high ly plcafed to fee the Roman cathol icchurch recovering its cred it and veneration in Germany . As for theother I tal ian princes, they have no interefis to ferve that are detri

mental to Germany . The republ ie of can never taife an armyfrom which any thing is to be feared, as the Germans, who make no

inconfiderable number in their troops, would either not be trai led , or

elfe wou ld qu it the fervice rather than adl againft the emperor. Nat

tomention that they repofe little confidence in the inhabitants of the

conquered provinces, and have realm to apprehend.that if the republic

j ourney from V I ENNA to UP P a n HU NG A RY.

was to embark o in a war againft the emperor, it would foon be followed by a general infurreél ion on the continent.

c i t i t i t it i t it i t -I i

as a at an a a» a

L E T T E R LXXXIV.

Jou rney to the mines in Upper Hungary , and from thence

to Buda , Raafi, Komar a , 8 m.

S I R,

pleafant feafon and fair weather have induced me to make an RM “ Pref.

urfion into the neighbouring parts of Hungary , of which I burgtake the liberty to fend you the following account : The difiance betwixtVienna and P rdburg is ten Germanmiles but it is performed in feven or

eight hours in a pofi-chaife. On the left hand Of the road, at a quarter arm

-541yof a league

’

s difl ance from Eben/Barf; an imperial palace, is a pyramid Lawgbezi ion four globes, erected in memory of the

'

interview betwixt1°ki t:1. and yalm sooty/ti king of Poland, with the following inferip

Anna gloriofi Imperi i Leopoldi Pr imi XXVI . Die XV. Sept. duo IongéEuropa Monarcbee, idem Leopoldu: Guej ar Auguflus, Cs

"

Tertiu: Poloniee R liberatd pro/per? oé/idione Viennd, afl o in j ugam ingentiBarbarorum exercita , occupattr eorundem a nei s tormenti s commeatuque, re

portatis prceterea opimisjpol i i s, boc loco inter j uorum v iél r icia arma iw icem

gratulabundi convené’

re, magna"

utr inque Elefl orum, Ducum, P r inct'

pum ac

Magnatum comiti 'va‘

.

I n the 26th year of the glorious reign ofLeopold I . and on the 15th

r , the two greatel’rmonarchs of Europe, v iz. the emperor

I . and yobn I I I . king of Poland, met in this p lace with theirviétorious armies, and attended by a great number of electors , dukes ,

princes and nobles, to congratulate each other after they had fuccefll

fully raifed the fiege of Vienna , routed a numerous army of Barba

rians, and feized on their cannon, ammunition and‘

baggage.

’

VOL . IV.

j ourney from Vi en n a to U P P E R HU NGAK Y.

To this I {hall add the following panegyrical infeription on the fame

Sable/kl king Of Poland, by an unknown hand .

I OHANN I S OB I E S CO

Dominatione P olonico, Li ttbuanico,L ioeratione Alf/tr iaco, P annonico,P rofiigatione Ottomannico, Tbracico,

Rel igione Clare/l ianij/imo,P ietate Catbolico,

Zelo 69” obj eguioApoflolico,I nter Reges fapientiflimo,I nter Duces prwflanti/imo,

I nter Imperatoret , citra faéulasSolo nomine tremebundo

,

Solo nomine boj t’

er profliganti ,C V I

Gloria mi litar is Regnum peper it,Ckrnentia firmav i t,M r itum pcrennaait

Raro P lo

P ropr ia deferem, aliena defendens,Dacuit qua pa ge jané

‘

t‘a j ura fwderunt

I ncautar,excolantur , perficiantur

Ottomannicam Lunom

Fulgentgfimo Crucis vexi lla

{Eternam Eclypj in minitontemer i j brtiterque 3 Cbryl ianorum

Elimina'vi t

leetitiam,

bominem a

MEN E RAT I OHANNE S .

To fi aba Sobiefi i , king of Poland and duke of Litbuania , the deli. .

verer of Aufir ia and Hungary, the conqueror Of the Ottoman armies,

P R E S B U R G.

Cs’c. eminent for h is devotion, piety, zeal and fubmiflion to the holy

See, the wifefi of kings , the bravefi Of generals ; whofe name alone

was fO formidable, that it may be faid without flattery or hyperbole

to have firuck terror into the enemy ; who gained a kingdom by h ismi litary glory , efiabl ifhed himfelf on the throne by h is clemency , and

by h is noble endowments wil l perpetuate h is fame ; who, by a rare

examme of probity and refolution, leaving hi s own dominions to defendthofe of others, has lhewn with what rel igious punétuality treaties ofal liance are to be formed, cu ltivated, and kept. The Ottoman crefcent,which threatened an eternal ecl ipfe to the refulgent {l andard of the

crofs, he drove from the borders of Chriftendom with fuch rapidityand bravery , that at one and the fame time HE CAM E , SAW , AND

CONOQERED . Amidft the unanimous acclamations and applaufe Of the

whole Chri l’rian world ; the joyfu l exu ltations of rel igion and the em

pire, which were faved by h is conduét ; and the total ecl ipfe of the

Turéi/b crefcent, which he bathed in blood , let the prefent age know,

let pofierity acknowledge, that not only for the promu lgation of the

gofpel in its infant (l ate, but alfo afterwards in its maturer (l ate, forits prefervation from ruin, “

a man was fent from God whofe namewas JOHN.

Two miles on th is fide P ro/burg there is a large tobacco-warehoufe,belonging to the irnperial cufiom

-houfe atHanburg . I t brings in.

a veryconfiderable revenue ; for not

6only the tobacco growing in the neigh

bou rhood , but al fo that of Hungary is brought h ither, to be rendered fitfor fale. The bell fort of tobacco grows on the banks of the Tbet

'

fle,and efpecially that betwixt Gale and Card , wh ich almofi: comes up to

Turkq tobacco.‘

On the road fromFreyburg to Haubarg , and near the latter, is a caffleLru umm-mbu i lt on a h igh mountain ; and about half a league on this fide P refiurg ,g

m“4“a l ittle river d ividesAuflr ia from Hungary . P rcj burg and the adjacent

ungm'

country formerly belonged toAufir ia ; and on th is is grounded the em

peror’

s attempt, which has been frequently but vainly repeated , of againuniting P ro/burg to that province.

Freyburg l ies on a fpacious plain ; its bu ildings are but mean, and its Frelburg.

fortifications confifl only of a wal l and a ditch . The fuburbs are bu iltfor the mo lt part on an eminence, and the citadel {l ands on a fteep h il l .I t is of a quadrangular form, with four towers at the corners exactly

The revenue arili ng from the tobacco farm in the whole imperial dominions is veryconfiden ble; as may be inferred from that in the Alf/Tr im prov inces, the kingdom of

Bolmnia , and the incorporated countr ies 5 the annual contraa fi r which is fix hundred

and forty thoufand Rbmi/l) guldens.

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h feveral chalk fl ones on the joints of h is fingers . At prefent he takesa dofe of tu rpentine every fortnight : however, I am of opinion, that

the dofes wh ich are taken often lhou ld not be very large, lefl: by forcingthe urine too much they fhou ld occafion a D iabetes . I n fuch a cafe

Br iflol water is an excel lent remedy againit that d iforder.

Mattbias Bel , the evangel ical mini iter at P ref/burg , has for fome years M Bel. ’f""

pail been compiling a h ifiory and geograph ical defcription of the king-yfiguzgfif

a

dom ofHungary , wh ich , from the fpecimen publ ifhed in the year 172 3wherein the knowledge and diligence of the author, and the elegance of

his Latin fiile appear in a very advantageous light, is impatiently ex

pected by the learned world . He hopes to'

finiih the geographical partin two years . I n the mean time the defcription of every diftriét in the

kingdom is fent to prefidents and afiemblies in order to be examinedand revifed , wh ich, with the farther examination of the work at the

fecretary of fiate'

s office at Vienna , necefi'

ai'i ly retards the publ ication .

The maps and plans are taken with the greatefi accu racy by the belt

engineers . . The j efieits, out of envy and jealoufy, have feveral timesendeavoured to put a flop to this work and once they had carried theirpoint fo far , that a kind of a court of inquifition fat upon Mr . Bel . I n his Hi : defence

defence he roved , that he was no foreigner, but a native ofHungary ,and was (ii far from having a hand in any. practices againfi the houfe

ofAuj lr ia , that he had been obl iged to leave his country on account

of the difiurbances raifed by prince Ragotzi ; that he had enter’

d him.

felf in a foreign Univerfity, and had not returned toHungary til l afterthe happy fuppreflion of the d ifiu rbances raifed by the malecontents.

He added , that it was not at the infiigation of any evil-minded perfons, but from mere love to his native country, that he had under

taken the work ; wh ich , he hoped, was notwithout its uti lity both to

prince and I n confequence of this the j efia'

tr were difmifl'

ed

with a reprimand , and the emperor fettled a penfion of fix hundred

guldens upon Bel , as . an encouragement to proceed in the work .

As our company confified of four perfons, we paid five guldens1 for gonna] in.

our carriage from Vienna to and being defirous o f feeing Upper PP“ Hun”

Hungary , where there are poll-Rages, we were obl iged to

gary

h ire a carriage with four horfes on purpofe, for wh ich we paid fourM. Bel, on the demife of the emperor, was not only in favour with the great officers

of the kingdom, but alfo received, even from pope Clement X I I . four large gold medals.Th is prefent was brought to Vienna by the pope

’

s nuncio Paflionei , archbi lhOp of p e/in ,

who, in the pope’

s name, prefented with it a letter, fu l l of the molt pol ite eXpreflions , and

written in a I n tin fiyle, which might become the I nga/Ian age. M. Bel received both the

letter and medal by the hands of Carelli the emperor’

s phyfic ian. When he fini lhed the

fu ll part of his Nati tia Hangar . he was by Cbar les VI . made h ifioringrapher to his imperialmajefiy. This excel lent man died on the 29th of

t A, gulden is equal to 2 3 .4d. fiet l ing.1

.

Caution:

732 H U NGAp.1A N Mine-towns.fome pretend , that the clear profit of theic works, al l charges deduéted

h ardly amounts to fixty thoufand guldens,N euj bbl mine is one of the bell: on account of the copper it produces,

which is appropriated for paying the intereft of the loan of two mill ionsof guldens advanced by the Dutcb on the Hirngar ian mines. From the

year 1680 to 1693 the clear produce of the mines , in Upper Hungary«only , amounted yearly to threemil l ions . I ndeed, at that time , the mineof Sabernnitz alone yielded every week three or four thou iand marks of

filver ; whereas now it fcarce produces a hundred . Out of a mark of

gold , according to the Vienna weight, feventy—nine or eighty ducats are

coined ; but the adventurers being obl iged to pay the mint-duties, re

ceive only feventy-four ducats . The proprietors for a mark of filver

receive only fifteen guldens and fifteen creutzers ; whereas the emperormakes twenty gu ldens and a half of every mark . Standard filver mu ll:

be mal leable, and contain feven ounces feventeen pennyweights and

twelve grains, or at leali feven ounces fifteen pennyweights, in order

to be accepted at the mint. Befides all this the Urbar , or the tenth

part of al l kinds of ore, belongs to the emperor, wh ich brings him in

yearly fomething above twenty thoufand guldens . The excife has not

as yet been introduced intoHungary ; and the feven mine-towns are alfo

exempted from being obl iged to quarter foldiers . To prevent, as far

as poflible, the want of wood, an ediét was publ ilhed (0 long ago as

the year 1573 , in the reign of Jll axirni lian I I . by which al l perfons

within the difirié'ts of the feven mine-towns were proh ibited from keeping goats.

As a precaution againft any male-praétices or embezzlements, boththe fuper

-intendant of the revenue, the comptrol ler of the copper-trade,

with the inferior Accomptants and their afii ftants, the furveyors of the

mines , miners, refiners , alTayers, clerks, and al l other officers are

fworn, and excluded from having any Kax, or (hare in'

thele mines .

The word Kux is of Bobernian origin, kukas, in that language, fignify

ing a (hare or portion . The workmen labour eight hours uccefli vely ,their talk being a Sebiebte, wh ich is a certain quantity of ore or (pace

of ground ; and their week’

s work is five and a half of thefe Schichte.

At Cremni tz fach a talk is not very fatiguing ; the foil being loofe andfree from rocks . The metal l ic earth , together with the ore, after it

is calcined and beat into fmal l pieces by people fentenced to that hard

work, as it were ad metal/a damnati , is put into a kind ofmill , whereit is ground to a very fine powder. The water carries off the lighteft

particles, while the heavy metal lic parts fall into a receptacle contrived forthat purpofe . What is thus feparated is (0 pure, that there is no need

of further refining it by fire. When the other fine particles, wh ichwere

YZe HU N c Aa t r mMine-towns.

were carried away by the water, have pafi'

ed thro’

the mill feven times,and been cleanfed in a trough , they are cal led Schlieb, which being mixtwith l ime that ismoderately burnt, is put into the fire, where it is melted

down into a black fubltance cal led Lech. The latter contains a great

deal of arfenic ; for which reafon, wh ilft it emits a vapour, it is burnt

in the open air. This is done on a kind of loam furnace, on whichi s laid in the firft place fome fmal l charcoal ; the next layer is of fplit

wood ; on th is is laid the Lecb, wh ich has been taken out of the cru

cibles, and broken into pieces of the bignefs of a walnut ; and the

flraturn of Leeb is alfo covered with another of coals and wood . Thispile being fet a-fire, burns from five to eight days , according as the

wind and weather ermit. Th is method of bu rning of the Seblicb

faves confiderable cliarges for the melting of every hundred weightwou ld at leafi amount to three guldens, if the procefs were repeated as

often as is necefi'

ary for the total expu lfion of al l the heterogeneou s

parts wh ich it contains . When the Lecb thu s burnt has been fufiiciently

purified , and undergoes the lafi fufion, they let it run into melted lead ,wh ich attraéts al l the filver that is mixt with the gold . Aqu intal oflead thus impregnated contains about twenty

-five or thirty ounces of

filver : and is put in the furnace in order to feparate the filver a fecond

time from the lead . Th is I had the pleafure of feeing performed at

Gramnitz with thirt quintal s of fuch lead . About eighteen or twenty

qu intals of it were lkim’

d 05 , or boiled over like fcum in the fufion :

this is called Litbarge. Agreat deal of the lead alfo infinuated itfelf into

the furnace, wh ich is made of loam ; fo that only fifty marks of filver

remained behind , each of which contained half an ounce and four

grains of gold . But this was fome of the worfi Sebernnitz ore, of

wh ich a qu intal contained only from one to two ounces of filver ;‘

whereas the rich ore and the Lech of the Crernnitz mines, when theycome from the grinding mill , yield a mixed metal , which being refined

in the furnace as above, contains two-thirds of gold and one of filver .

The filver in the furnace remains in the fire after the B liek, as it is

cal led , i . e. ignition, til l al l the heterogeneous particles are confumedthis is known by the filver adhering to an iron wire dipt into it ; or

when cold by its being mal leable, and not flying into fplinters, as it did

before th is operation .

When the filver is taken out of the fire, it is cooled and weighed ,and then granu lated . Th is lalt operation is done by melting, and then

pouring it thro’

an inon cu llender into water, that it may become grains.The remaining procefs is performed at Sabernnitz, whither it is carriedin flafks , every one of which contains ten marks of granulated filver.

There it is put over the fire with fome aquaj orti s in a crucible, and the goldVOL . IV. K falls

The Ha noAa t aN Mine-rm .

falls to the bottom l ike a blackilh yel low fand but it does not attainits beautiful colour til l it undergoes a fecond fufion. The aqua far fi sin wh ich the filver has been feparated , is poured into large retorts ; but

the filver adheres fo tenaceoufly to the bottom, that there is a neceffity of

breaking the retorts. The whole is again put into the crucible ; and

being melted together, the {herds are taken off with the j Z'

or ia . The

Scbenrnitz ore contains a greater quantity of gold , and better in qual itythan that of Cremnitz ; but the hard ore of the latter yields more Lech.

I t is a general obfervation alfo in thefe parts, that the ore wh ich isticheli infilver on that account yields the leaitgold . The oldmineral earthand dull , which are fuppofed not to have been careful ly examined by for.merminers , and to contain fome metal l ic particles , are now going to bewalhed a fecond time. When th is has been performed eight feveral

times, and thefiblieb is judged to be thoroughly cleanfed, it is workedup , and, as it were, kneed

ed with qu ickfilver, which is known to havethe v irtue of attraéting gold . Th isAmalgama is laid on a perforated

plate ofmetal , fecured by a cover and under the plate are laid fomecoals, with a vefi

'

el fu ll of water, fo that the mercury in the

precipitates into the water, and is thus referved . The gold contained

1n the above-mentioned mafs i s [0 fubt e, that it fometimes pafi'

es intothewater ; and In volatile, as not to be manageable in a crucible. Th isgold is alfo to pure, that it is ci breen caraets fine ; whereas the goldextraCted from other ores is but een or fixteen caraéts. This attraétive

wer of mercury is experienced with regard to filver ; but goes no

ower, for it will not adhere to any of the bafer metals? This fecret

was firtt communicated to the Spaniards in 1571 byFernandez de Velafiv,and has

{proved of infinite advantage to them in the mines of P etgf.

The can es of th is are difcufi'

ed by Robault, in the th ird part of hisPhyfics, rap. 6 . art . 27s The large ved

'

els ufed here for fufions

brought from Faj ita for there is no earth found in this country proofagainfi fuch inoenfe fires.

All the gold and filver refined in the mine towns of E a ge r) are

carried to the mint at Cremnitz this put me in mind of the fol lowing .

ingenious dill ich , to be feen over the door of the mint at Clan/flunk

Quad natura

B rie trabit in format arr

Nature’

s rich produé’

t, but wi th tail acquir’

d , ,

From art receives its fair imprefiion here.

’

0 With [on e dificulty itwill adhere b eoppermd bnfe; butnot atafl to iroa, ti n .

73e HUNGAR I AN Mine-towns. 67

The Cremnitz ducats are difiingu ilhable fromother coins by the beauty sum of gau .

of their colour ; and only one fami ly pofl'

efi'

es the fecret of giving ins few"4

them this beautifu l lufire. Afew years ago the perfon employed in [off/pm”

th is operation fraudulently ufed more copper, and confequently lefa gold

than the fiandard, in every ducat. The fraud , however, was foon de

teéted ; and this ingenious perfon wou ld have been beheaded , as his twoafiifiants were, bad he not found means to efcape out of prifon,

and

taken fanétuary in the Franci/‘

can convent at Cremnitz. Here he l ivedfive years and at firlt did not in the leafl doubt bu t that he {hould foon

obtain a pardon, imagining, that he was the only perfon who was mailerof the fecret of giving the ducats their beautiful colou r, which wouldconfequently be loll by h is death . But he.found h imfelfmiltaken for

h is brother, who knew the fecret as wel l as himfelf, finding that the

government chofe rather to let the ducats pafs withou t their ufual lufire,than that fuch a vi llain fhould go unpunilhed , went and offered h is fervice

in that employment wh ich his brother had (0 i ll d ifcharged . This proceeding the del inquent refented with (0 much rancour , that on his

death-bed he could hardly be prevailed on to be reconciled to his bro

ther.

Sei zernni tz is eightor ninehours journey fromCrernnitz, tho’

thedifianceis but three German miles . Near the vi l lage of Latenter , wh ich is notabove a mile and a half from Crenrnitz, are to be feen fome plcafant

vallies ; and near the glafs-houfes on this road is a warm bath, wherein Gla/t-b-fi :

both {exes bathe promifcuoufly ; the men wearing only a kind ofdrawers, and the women a lh ift wrapt over their breafts . Scbenrnitz Lam “ .

l ies in a deep vale, but is fomething larger than Crernnitz. I n theSchemnitz mine are found, 1 . gold ; 2 . lead-fiblicb 3 . fiint-j éblicb. Schemnitz

Aquintal of the [all contains five pennyweights offilver, and a mark of

this filver yields an ounce of gold .

Here is a kind of ore, a qu intal of which yields but 2 pennyweightsoffilver

, and fifty-two pounds oflead . Aqu intal of this lead ignited yields

three ounces of filver, if I may cal l it (0 ; fromwhich is extraéted an ounceofgold . Here alfo is found cinnabar richly impregnatedwith filver ; whichfome fuppofe to be an imperfeé

'

tcinnabar , as it contains no fulphur.Tho

'

the neighbourhood of Scbem itz abounds in wood , yet they be Wm of

gin to apprehend a want of that material ; for three hundred and fifty

W “

orfe loads of charcoal are confumed every week in the furnaces ; anda quantity of wood , to the amount of a thoufand guldens, is ufed in theother works every fortnight. Fir is not burnt for making charcoal itbeing very ufefu l for the fhafts, Eda. in the mines . On th is account,only the molt profitable and neceflary operations are performed at

Scbm uitz, and mofl: of the bad ore is fent to Crenmitz, where wood isK 2

Tbs Hu nea a ra n Mine-towns.in greater plenty . As water is abfolutely neceffary to turn the mil ls ,8 0. every one has a right by the charter of the mines of bringingor conveying water to h is works along the ground of another perfon,indemnifying the proprietor for any lofs he may futfer. The fmal lerrivu lets h ave alfo been joined ; and their courfe , after their conflux, fo

d ireéted , that by l ittle canals al l the mil ls and other hydrau l ic enginesare put in motion . But, after al l thefe precautions, the Sebernnitz worksare fometimes in want of water in a dry fummer. Then the works

{land fiill , or the hydrau l ic engines are pu t in motion by horfes, whichgreatly increafe the expence . This country affords a kind of minerall ike coal , wh ich General Sebrnettau endeavoured to render fit for ufe ;bu t all h is experimentsmifcarried : for it was (0 far from being inflammable when laid on other burning coals , that it burlt into feveral pieceswith a great explofion l ike a (tone . The water ufed for the works in

Cal m gf'

tbe the mil ls, 69°C. retains the colour it receives from the ore for feveral milesin its courfe. That of Crernni tz is yellowifh but that of Sebernnitz, on

account of the lead-ore, is of a blacki ih colour.

At Scbernnitz I went down a hundred and fifty fathoms in a lhaft, onthe footman, as they called it, and without any danger , being buckledup within a kind of leather chair ; and great care is taken, that the rope

by wh ich they let it down he firong. Such a rope, on account of its

th icknefs and length , cofis about feven hundred and twenty guldens ; yet

in a damp {haft and bad weather it fcarce has five or fix weeks : bu t in

St. j q/epb'

s lhaft, in which I was let down, it holds out feventeen or

eighteen weeks, as it i s the driefi of all . The whole depth of this lhaft is

more than a hundred and fifty fathoms ; bu t afterwards one defcends byladders fifteen fathoms deeper .

Great a rm y I t would require three or fou r days to walk through al l the pafl'

ages of‘5' i m" the Scbernnitzmine though feveral of the mines here have been fuffered .

to go to ru in, becaufe the expence of working them has of late exceededthe produce. The rock where the fhaft s are funk is . fo hard, that the

miners are obl iged to make ufe of gunpowder for fplitting it. Th is increafes the charges in working this mine above that of the other minetowns .

I n order to remedy the unhealthinefs of the air in mines, feveral fhafta.and fpiracles are general ly made. Windy weather is the belt for thefefubterraneous abodes, becaufe they are wel l ventilated when the windblows frefh ; hence the miners make ufe of thi s phrafe, v iz. That is .

good weather which draws in and out.’

Thofe who have the‘

direc

tion of the mines here maintain, that wherever the workmen are fubjeél:to thofe convulfive d iforders, diltingu ilh ed by the appel lation of minediflempers, it is owing to the wrong d ifpofition of the fhafts and {pira

1 ales.

7ba HUNe A a 1A N Mine-towns.cles. Even in the qu ick filver mines of I dra, the nervous tremors and con

vu lfions towhich the miners are fubje Ct, are , in a great meafure, owing totheir intemperance. I n the Hungar ian mine-towns feveral perfons of

eighty and ninety years of age are to be met with : but whether thislongevity be the effect of their moderation with regard to drinking, Ilhal l not pretend to determine. I t is wel l known , however, that in

Cremni tz, Sebernnitz. and Neu/bbl , forty thoufand calks of wine, and eightythoufand calks of brandy are confumed in a year . I t is obfervable, that

the air in the mines is never more noxious and unhealthful , than in the

foggy weather of Spr ing and Autumn. When a miner comes to a place

where h is candle burns faint, as if it was going out, it is a fure fignof fome noxious vapour ; and therefore he mu ll immediately , get intothe open air ; otherwife he prefently experiences a fweetilh tafie byrefpiration ; which is general ly fucceeded by a deliqu ium, or rather fud

den death .

The number of the feveral labourers, Cs’c. employed in the drafts atNumber of

Sebernnitz, amounts to five or fix thoufand men ; and thofe withou t the“ Wm “

mines, together with the carpenters, 650. are computed at two thoufand,exclufive of thofe employed about the carriages. Fifteen hundredare ufually,

taken up for thefe works ; and a l ittle carriage with two

borfes, according as the work is hard or l ight, is hired for about fix or

feven guldens a week . The total of the emperor’

s expences only in the CM!“mines of Scbernnitz amount every fortnight to more than twenty thou

fand Rbeni/b guldens and the whole annual expence is above five hun

dred thoufand guldensfiThe emperor has a hundred and twenty-three raxes or {hares in thofe

mines the remaining five portions are the property of private ad

venturers, who have alfo their particu lar fmelting houfes and fur

naces, and employ fewer fervants [0 that their {hares turn to better

account. Some noble famil ies have alfo fettled in thefe mine-towns ;and the greateft part of

,

their income arifes from the mines . I cou ld 01m,m4,“eafily perceive, that

‘

the imperial ofii cers, who prefide over theHungar ianmine-towns, reprefent the produce of the mines at a much lower rate

than it real ly is . This is done partly to avoid envy, but more efpeciallyto prevent any fufpicions of their clandefiinely hoarding up great fums ofmoney, which wou ld foon be demanded by the treafury. This is the caufeof their difpleafure againfi Dr. Bruckman, wh o in h is .Magnalia D21 inSubterraneir, gives a magnificent defcription of thefe mines, reprefentingthem as an inexhaufiible fund of treafure. When thefe th ings are

confidered , Sir, you may fafely make a very great addition to the

1. fierl ing.

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and is nothing elfe but copper turned into fu l l: by corrofion . Herren

grund alfo produces blue, green, red and whi te vitriol . Nerf/6171l ies aboutth ree mi les from Cremnitz and it is the belt way to go th ither immed iately from the latter, before you vifit Scbemnitz .

The mines of Konig/lrerg formerly yielded immenfe profits , fo that Of rbr K0the city once made a prefent to king Matthias of a dog (as the l ittle car

” Sn” ?

riages ufed in the mines are cal l’

d ) fu l l of ducats . But the miners mm’

afterwards carrying their works too near the river Gran, moft of the

drafts were overflowed ; and this misfortune many confirued as a j udgment on the proprietors for their pride. Afew years fince a company Nm m pm,

was formed for repairing thefe works and as the firftfiep to accompliihthat end , was the draining the water ou t of the former pits, one of

thofe hydraul ic mach ines cal led a fire engine Was fet up there. At thehead of this work was one Mr. Ifaar P otter , an Engli/bnzan. Though

I am far from depreciating that Gentleman’

s abilities, I mufi fay, that

without the afiiftance of M . Fij i/arr , the emperor’

s architeet, who had

feen thofe engines in England, he would have found it a difii cu lt talk .

Th is engine anfwered the end, and in eight hours difcharged as ni uchwater as run into the mines in twenty

-four. I was further told, that

with a moderate quantity of fuel it wou ld raife forty thoufand Eirnerr of

water, every B irner containing forty Vienna quarts ; but, after an ex

pence of a hundred and fifty thoufand guldens , either from difi'

entionsamong the members of the company, or becaufe the lead ing men grewtired with frequent di lburfements , or from other caufes, the whole

undertaking is come to noth ing. I t is affirmed , that the filver ex

tracted from the ore of thefe mines contains one-fixth of gold . At prefent the fire engine {lands (til l , and the miners, whom the companyhad hired from foreign countries, are employed in the imperial minestil l thefe have occafion for their fervice, of wh ich there is now but l ittleappearance.

At Slam , nearEperiez, is dug up a whitifh ore, wh ich yields a great Qgrdfilmr

deal of quiekfilver . The mercury is not extraéted here by difiil lation,“m "

as at Idra , butper defiery'

urn. Thefemines confift of three fubterraneouspafi

'

a

rges ; one of wh ich is cal led the Weifinberg or white-mine pafi

'

age ;the econd , Miebael

’

s pafi'

age ; and the th ird Elizabetb’s pafiage. In the

county of Gemer , not far from Eper ier, is alfo another quiekfilver mineof equal richnefs ; but the colour of the earth or ore is red . In fome

caverns in the county of Lrpfl are found a val’t variety of lapideous fubfiances , refembing fugar

-candy, (9’s .

l ies about th irtyHungar ian or fixtyGerman miles from Scbem Tockay.

is well known that th is place is famous for its excellent wineAnHungarianmile is equal to eightEngli/ji or twoGermanmiles.

73a HUNG A R I AN Mine-totem.

tainous country are with plains and even ground . God h imfelffpeakingof Egypt in fcripture

4"to the people of Ij rael , feems to give the pre

ference to a hil ly country, promifing them a del iciou s land of h il ls andval lies, fprings and rivers , which , in fuch a hot climate, mu ll certainlybe very convenient and delightfu l .That the air of a country abounding in hills and dales i s more falu Wetber rnoun

brions to the human body than that of a level country , plainly appears iii??“

r

“

from what may be obferved in moft parts, and efpecial ly in Hungary /Jane ll,

for the inhabitants of Lower Hungary , where there are large plains , many rim

moraifes and fiaguant waters which produce fogs , and but few fprings,are much more fickly than thofe who l ive in Upper Hungary . However,al l circumftances confidered , the medium between thefe extremes, as in

other th ings, is certainly mol’t el igible. Not to mention the uneven

nefs of the roads in mountainous countries the hardnefs of the Canfi Of wene.

water, which is (0 great an ingredient in nourifh ing the human body, isapt to produce wens . Thefe excrefcencies are almoft univerfal amongltthe inhabitants of the mountains of Sebemnitz whereas the water in the

val lies near that town is faid to be an efii cacious remedy for them.

The womens drefs in the mine-towns i s not unbecoming . They wearWm mdrefi .

knots of ribbons at their lh ift fleeves, and f others likewife hanging downtheir backs : but the peafants and lower fort of people drefs very meanly .

Among the latter the men are very proud of a furr’

d mantle. Molt of

the women wear boots, and many of them a long furred gown, and

have a kind of {h ift of a very coarfe l inen next their (kin, with a girdleround it at the waift. Their head drefs is a iece of white l inen withtwo lappets hanging down behind . Blue is t e mofi ufual colour worn 3 1" thaw» :

here by both fexes . I once aiked a gentleman concerned in the mines ”mH’m'

at Cremnitz, why the Hungar ian: referred that colour to any other ?

His anfwer was, that the reafon 0 th is cu l’tom might be feen in Bard ay

’

s I con animorurn, where he fays Amant ca'ruleum colorem, Cv’

pro

j eéi b i/le animor erefl os C9’

ca lgfier qua‘

rn maxim? deter. Their favouritecolour is blue : and indeed there is fometh ing in it, which extremelybecomes exalted and celefiial minds .

’

I thbught the application wasnot amifs, and was the lefe incl ined to make any objection, as I had notBarclay

’

s treatife by me : but I afterwards found , that this author fays

not aword of the exalted and celeftial minds of the Hungar ians, whichazure or blue colour i s fuppofed to become fo wel l . His words are

thefe : Tania } purpureis maxim? utuntur , aut qua eeeruleum colorem acce

perunt. Et bis nej l itur egreg iefairer decet. They general ly wear purple

4. Dearr i Ce Xi . V. (0, I t , 12.

VOL. IV.

Laoguage.

Rel igion.

The HUNG AR 1AN Mine-towns .

or blue garments and there is fometh ing very manly in this drefs i"I t mu ll indeed be al lowed , that the drefs of the Hungar ian gentry is

extremely becoming.

The common people in Upper Hungary . are for the moft part u h

acquainted with the Hungarmn language ; bu t fpeak Latin, German,or Sclavonian .+ I n the towns leveral perlons concerned in trade are

to be met with who fpeak al l the four languages . The Latin fpoken

by the commonalty i s none of the pureft ; of this the Hu/arr afford

l everal inll ances . One of them enqu iring after a fadier, in order

to buy a pair ofholfiers , exprelIed h imfelf thus : Ubinarn e}? i lle borno, qu ij aeit cbi rotlweas bornba rdarum,

i . e . Where does the man l ive that fel ls

gloves for piftols Their common phrafe when they happen to fal l inw ith a corps offoot is , j uge, fuge, bio Infiznter ia cyl .

“

I n the towns ofHun

gary their entertainment of every kind is not to be found fau lt with bu t

in the country it is often fé very bad , that befides the want of good pro

v ifions , there is fcarce firaw to lie upon ; and where one meets withbeds , they are fo fhort, that I cou ld not help thinking the Hungar iansflept in the fame poll ure as they ride . They general ly keep hogs, and

dry the flefh of them, when falted , in the fmoke, or hang it up in the

fu n, to make bacon of it ; and this is what the Hungar ian peafants

chiefly l ive upon . The p igs, geefe and fowls here l ive in the fameapartment or {l ove-room with the owners, as is cuftomary in l

'Vg/lpbalia .

Six or feven thoufand of the inhabitants of Sebernni tz, which confii

tute two-thirds of the city, profefS'

Lutberanifm however, the magifirates are -

always Roman Cathol ics ; but, at Cremnitz, the magiftracy islh ared betwixt the two rel igions . No Protefl ant is capable of any em

ployment in the imperial mines . I n Upper Hungary the Protef’tants are

very numerou s , efpecial ly in the country and yet in fome places they areforcibly driven into the Rami/Zr churches l ike fo many ih eep . AtB i l/sin,not far from Scbenrnitz, the Popifh clergy and the Protefiant inhabitantsl ive in fuch a good underfianding, that the t iefis read mafs to the Pro

tefiants ; and thefe in thej r turn fing Lutoeran hymns in the Rorni/I )chu rches . The Protcfiant peafants l ikewife are fo complaifant to the

Papifis, that they generally ufe the falutation enjoin’

d by pope Bene

dié? X I I I . v iz. Praifed be the Lord Jefus Chri lt and repeat it with

The Hungar ian: have the opinion of antiqu ity in thei r favour, as blue or azure wasby the anc ients reckoned a fign of wit and penetrat ion. Cicero a

’e Na t. Dear . l i b. I . e. o.

l ikewife M inuriur Felix in 062m) . r. 1 t . informs us, that blue colour in general , and b ueeyes in particu lar, were confecrated to M nerva , from an opinion that they denote a vivac rty of mind.

1 Slawarena , in the Selaw nian language, fignifies human, from Slawa l , a man . Theyform to have affumcd th i s appel lation, as i f no other nation but thcmfclvcs were enti tledto I t.

HU NGAa 1AN Mine-towns.as much earneftnefs , as if, l ike the Papifis, they expected to merit

fome confiderable indu lgence by it.The reformed are more numerou s than the Papifl s , efpecial ly in

Wper Hu ngary . I t is remarkable , that the Proteftants have general lymore churches al lowed them in thofe provinces that remain u nder the

dominion of the Turk, than where they are fubjeé

’t to the Emperor

for, on paying the tribute impofed on them, every one enjoys h is own

rel ig ion withou t molefi ation . I n the other counties the Protefiants are

allow’

d only two chu rches ; and even this {lender grant fecms very pre

cariou s . Tho’

the Roman catholics fcarce confiitute one-fourth of the

inhabitants of Hungary in general , and their afieflin ents towards the publ ic expences do not exceed one-fixth part of the whole, they are

inceifantly contriving to impofe new grievances on the reft of theircountrymen . I n the year 172 2 count Era

'ody , bifh0p of d gr i a , pub

l ifh’

d a treatife, dedicated to the regency at P rq/burg ,in wh ich he

maintained , that al l the heretics ought to be extirpated . The fate ofHungarian

the new edition of the bible in the Hungar ian language is a recent proofM I“

of the behaviour of the regency of Hungary towards the Proteftants .

I n the confufions of the late wars, and by other calamities , bibles weregrown fo fearce, that many communities had not above one or two at

molt. Upon this the town of Debreczin. apprehending that thisfeareity of the word of God wou ld necefl

'

arily be attended with the totalabolition of true Chriftianity, generoufly undertook to publ ifh a new

edition . The work was to be printed in Holland : new types were cafi ;and in the years 17 16 and 17 17 peribns wel l qual ified were fent tofuperintend the profs . Every th ing Went on profperoufly (0 that the

imprefii on was happily finifhed both with accuracy and beauty ; and the

only difficu lty remaining,was, how to convey the copies toHungary , before

the yuan; by reprefenting the affair in an od ious l ight to the imperialcou rt, could prevent the importation of them : bu t even means were

found to overcome th is d ifii cnlty ; for one Mr . Rig/2b, a merchant of

Dantzi cé, who was a zealous Proteftant, offered , at h is own expence,

to fend the books into Hungary , under cover of other goods. But the

ffq/uits having by their emifl'

aries kept a watchfu l eye on the whole pro

grefs of this good defign, did al l that lay in their power to inftigate the

imperial court againfi it. Three thoufand copies wel l bound were al

ready in Poland, in the way to Hungary, and the reft remained atDant

To themmay be appl ied Martial’s faying of another fet ofmen

Turba grav ir paci , placidctque inimica quieti ,32nd : femper mifcra: follicitabit apes.

Aturbulent race, enemies to peace, and greedy of gain.

’

L 2

B U D A.

Waitzen is but a mean town et the yearly revenue of the bi fhop ofWaitzen.

th is fee is above fifty thoufandgul ens. They are bu ilding a new epifcopal

palace here, wh ich , wh en it is finifhed , wil l be very fpacious and magn ificent. The diftance from hence to Buda is four miles, which , as the

road lies on a level , are travel led in five hou rs . I n this country I faw d u ff-fave;

the ancient manner of threfh ing, by horfes treading the corn round in

circle, and thus forcing it ou t of the cars, which are laid on a hard

pavement.

Betwixt P ig/2 and Bucla one travels in a flying waggon. There is a pea,

large Lazaretto at Peg/l , and l ikewife the imperial magazines for the (al t Saltmega .

brought from TranJyloania and Marmara/Eb. This fofii le falt is dug up”w ;

in large pieces as at Ha lleyn near Sultzburg , and is of two kinds, wh iteand black . The whitell fugar-candy, or alum, does not exceed the

former in colour and tranfparency bu t the latter is opaque and more

pungent ; and the peafants general ly lay a piece of it at the doors of theircow-houfes and (tables , fuppofing it to bewholefome for the cattle to l ick attheir coming in and going out. Within a (mal l d iftance of each other,abou t Deer, Colo/ab, 65C . are. fourteen or fifteen of thefe (alt-works . The

fofii l falt l ies in the earth, about fifteen feet deep . The mou th of the

pit is made no larger than is fufii cient for bring ing out the large piecesof {alt but afterwards it widens, in the form of a bel l , to the depth of

a hundred fathoms .

Buda l ies about thirty-fix German mi les from Vienna . I t (l ands on Buds.

an eminence ; but its fortifications are very inconfiderable, in comparifonof thofe in the Low-countr ies . The call; fide of Buda , againft which the

eleétor of Ba var ia , during the fiege in the year 1686, carried on his

attack from the oppofite mountains, has been firengthen’

d with fomeadditional works. In that art General Regal had begun to bu ild a new

palace for the governor, which would have been a noble firuéture but

the bu ilding was difcontinuedmt the death of that generous nobleman.

ies below the fortifications on the banks of the.Danube Warremadt.is fituated on the h ill , from whence the Bavar ian: made

their attack in the laft fiege.

I n thefe two lower towns or fuburbs are five warm baths ; the firftWarmta b”.

of wh ich is cal l’

d the emperor’

s bath , the feeond the general'

s bath ,the third theKa izen bath , the fourth the bridge bath , and

.

the fifth the

block bath . The emperor’

s bath is bui lt in the manner of the R0

tanda at Rome, with a large aperture in the centre of the cupola, befidesfeveral fmal l holes or windows for admitting more light into the dome.

The Raizen bath is alfo round and arched. I n theo large bath in the

x34Eng/abmiles.centre

7 8

P : army: uou :ba l l ing ofbal l: j i nn .

Monumentif

B U D A:

centre between thefe edifices both fexes publicly bathe together ; the menwearing only a kind ofdrawers, and the women what they cal l a fore (h ift :but the common people, for whom the Ra izen bath is appointed, lookeven upon this fl ight cloathing as fuperfiuous . Perfons not inclined tobathe in company, make ufe of the fide bath s contrived for that pu rpofein each of the five edifices mentioned above. Near the emperor

’

s bath

is a mi l l, which , l ike that at fl rguato, is pu t in motion by hotwater ;it being fit lt col leéted in a pond , where no fifh can l ive, ,tho

’

I'Vernber a’e

admi randi s Hungar ize aguis, and others, affirm the contrary . But below

the mil l , where the water grows cold by degrees, but never freezes ,fifhes are often feen, which however upon being pu t into the Danubefoon expire : the fame thing happens when a fifh is taken out of the

Danube and put into this water .

I n Waflédladt a Turnip) mofqu e is {ti ll remaining, wh ich is nowmadeufe of for keeping falt, 69

°C. I n this part of the town is alfo a monu

fbu'

mm m a i t’ment dedicated to the immacu late conception of the Virgin Mary .

conception. Among other emblems and inferiptions on this monument is to be feen

king Alan/items holding out the golden fceptre to Efiber with thefe

words

Not for thee.

’

On the other fide is a dove hovering over M ab’

s ark13 with thismotto

0

Tu Sola exeinpz‘afut z

Thou alone waft exempted .

’

I n another part is to be feen a cloud over the fea, and the prophet

Eli/ab, who i s reprefented kneel ing, direéting h is fervant to look out

for itU, with thefe words

The origin is no impediment.’

I n a book held up by a Franci/Z‘

an monk are thefe words

Decuit, Potuit, Ergo.

I t was fit, and therefore he was able to do it.’

SeeEfiber, e. v. v. 2, 3. 1Gong/is, c.vi i i . v. 8. ll 1Kings, c. xvi i i . v. 44.And

01d B U DA and N E U E IVD O R F

And in another part is this infcription

En ekur i s aur igae Tbranum.

Behold a throne of ivory,

and gold .

’

From Buda to Vienna it is abou t three days journey in fummer. Old OldBuda.

Buda l ies three quarters of a mile from the former : but it affords no

thing remarkable bu t the ru ins of an old aqueduct, bu ilt either by the an d eadw

cient Romans or Hungar ians . Not long fince a wide fubterraneou s paf Subter r anean:

fage was d ifcovered leading from hence to the citadel of Buda , witlifwfl g"

wh ich the Turks feem to have been wel l acqu ainted . Abou t half a

l eague beyondAfeuendory‘

,cal led IVyer rg Uifaln in the Hungar ian language, Neuendorf.

wh ich is e ight German miles from Buda , you pafs by a fort, of whichformerly prince Ragotzi had pofleli ion but at prefent i t is converted

into a charnel-hou le. The country from Buda to th is place wears a

p leafing afpeé’t ; the Danuke being on the right, and a ridge of b il ls

rifing with a gentle accl ivity on the leftfide of the road . The foil is fru itfu l ,bu t not wel l cu ltivated ; for the inhabitants are obliged to pay great

taxes if they make ufe of the land , tho’

the produce cannot be vended .

The vineyards near Buda , befides grapes , produce excel lent melons,which are fold fb r two or three fi zz/rings 1 a-piece. The wine of th iscou ntry has a good flavour, and the red Buda wine, l ike that of Agr ia Buda w ine.and Sixar , much refem

vbles Fronek wine ; bu t that of the vi l lages

ofRafcia refembles the Rbcni/b not only in flavou r , bu t alfo keeps betterthan the -common Hungar ian wines . After the emperor had extended

h is conquefts in Serv ia , a kind of red wine was brought to Vienna fromBer/June or

,Widen, which ,

by many perfons, was preferred to al l the

I talian wines . The racy flavour and firong body of this wine make it a

kind of cord ial or dram ; and yet i t may be pu rchafed at an eafier rate

than the extravagant price paid for the lu fcious Hungar ian Auj bruc/Je or

virgin wine, made of the fpontaneou s droppings of the grape : but it

won’

t bear long keeping ; and confequently is not fit for exportatiomO f the Tokay and St. George wine I have already taken notice : the next Oedenbergto thefe in firength is that of Odenburg .

The d iflance from Neuendoif to Komara is four mi les ; and aboutAlbert'

s draw

half way between thefe towns l ies Ne/inel , the vil lage where the em affix?perorAlder : I I . d ied fuddenly, by eating too plentifu l ly of melons i

y

Thirty-two Engli/nmi les . 1 About one t hird of a penny.

1 Hiflorians d ifagree about the place ofAlbert’s death, which happened in the year 1439,after a fuccefs fu l expedition aga in lt the Turks. E near Sylv iur, Dubrabiur, Lambed ur andFugger cal l the v i l lage where he d ied Longa ; and the laft impu tes the fuddennefs of theemperor

’

s death, not fo much to the melon, as to fame poifon (l i ly conveyed into i t

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

From V I E N NA to P RAG U E.

projefi ing above ground is al l that one fees of fuch a houfe, the refit

being buried in the fand .

Befides that kind of fheep which is common to al l countries, Hun Parti cula r

gary affords a particular fpecies with large twifted horns, general ly, about 5 “ ”f l bf‘fi

two feet in length . Thefe are kept in feparate flocks, and great numbers of them are yearly fent to Vienna .

Raab, or j‘a'ver in, wh ich is a good fortification, l ies about five German Ru b.

miles fromKomara and frdm Raab to s j elburg (which l ies Oppofiteto a little town call

’

d Hungar ianAltenburg ) is four German miles further.

The difiance from”fife/burg to Regal/bran is fix German miles and fix

more from Rege‘

l/brun to Vienna . The road that l ies thro’

Bruck is in

deed a nearer way ; but then it is much more craggy and hil ly. I f a

perfon who is fond of natural curiofities travels to Vienna by the road on

the left hand, thro’

Oedenburg , he will meetwith beautifu l petrefaétions,as Pefl ines aur iti maximi 69

° minores, petrified bones and fifhes, CornuaAmmonis, Gloj

'

opetra’

, Turbinata’, 65C. which are very well preferved in a

wh iti ih clay or earth .

L E T T E R LXXXV

Journey from Vienna to Prague, with a defcription of the

S I R,

HE diftance fromVienna to P rague is twenty-one pofi-itages and Ru l fi'om

a half ; but befides the poll-road there is another thro

’

Snoim,Vim

Dzaflaw, 6 m. which is nearer by fourGermanmiles . Snoim, or,

Pu g”

according to the country d ialect, Sanim, l ies about ten German milesfrom Vienna , and is the firfi town on th is road belonging to the mar

avate of Mabren. The road from Snoim to Iglaw lies thro’

a verygu itful pleafant country, except the barren mountaindifiance is eight German miles . Some writers will have the number oftowns in Mabren to be five hundred, and the vil lages fifteen thoufand .

This is afli rmed by Mr . Hornick, minifier of Pafa'w, in his book, en

titled Oefierreieb uber alles wann es i . e Azylria fuperior toal l

,if it pleafes .

’

The fame author in that treatife attributes to Bohemia feven hundred cities and towns, and th irty-four thoufand, fevenhundred , and feventy

-two villages . He l ikewife afl'

erts , that the dutchy

About twenty Engli/b mi les .

VOL. IV. M

From V I E N NA to P RAG U E.

I n my enumeration of the vil lages , I have included every gentleman'

s

feat, church, chapel and inn, which {wel ls the number of them con

fiderably ; yet I cou ld not make out above two thoufand, four hundredof them. They are as fol lows

I n the diftriét of Ig law abou t 3 20 .

I n that of Snoim 300 .

I n that of. Br inn

I n that of Olmutz 590.

I n that of P reraw 400 .

I n that of Hrad 300.

2400 .

Henelius, in h is Si lefiograpbia , e. 7. afii rms, that al l Si lgfia fearcecontains four thoufand , feven hundred , and fixty-one Villa 3 ; which cal

culation Fibeger , in h is notes, augments to fix thoufan But the firfi

number is fearce credible ; for Saxony is confiderably larger and more

populous than Si lgfa . Upon comparing thefe feveral calculations one aq u a ”a

may conc lude , that probably the number of villages in all Germany falls “0M of

but a little ibort of a hundred thoufand .

Afew miles from Iglaw l ies the {mal l town of P irnitz, Which bdlongs to count Calalto. Here is an inn wh ich is a large building

, andW“was at firfi: intended for a L utheran church ; bu t before it Was

fim 1m”

theRoman-catholic clergy found means toprevent its being appl ied to thatufe. The P aul ine monks got pofl

'

eflion of it, and made it their refidcnce, til l their convent, fituated on a h il l near this place, which hadbeen burnt down, was rebu ilt. After they quitted it they let it out foran inn, as it {til l continues, and is known by the fign of the eagle.

The evangelical communities in Mabren are {ti l l pretty numerous ; however, they are obl iged to attend at mafs , and kneel at the elevation of

the bolt. They are very private in their religiou s meetings, and fcarce

confide in one another, having often been betrayed . When they are

incl ined to receive the facrament, they are obliged to go into the Hun

gar ian territories . The cl imate in th is country is (0 cold , that fires are Coldnqfi of rbe

necefl'

ary almoli during the whole fummer and this year cherries werem ”

not thorough ly ripe before the beginning of Ofl ober . There is a good Clu b-mm .

cloth manufacture eftabl ifhed at Ig law .

s the firfi town in Bohemia on this fide. Count Zinzin Pfauendorf,

ary of fiate, has a fine menagerie in this place. At Deut Dentfchbrod.

l i bbrod the baggage of travellers is fearched by the Bobemian cufiomhoufe officers . I n the road from hence to the pretty town of j enkow, Jenkow.

M 2 you

P R A G U E .

you have a-del ightful profpeé'

t of a charming level country on each fid‘

e,

DzaflaW which is interfperfed with above fifty villages and towns . Dzafla o, wh ich .

l ies a mile and a half farther on this road , i s alfo a very pretty town,and has a large fquare market-place. From th is place to O WLwh ichis with in three German miles of P rague, the road is very rugged and

P10 ") ef Pm hilly . I n the inns on this road one feldom fails of meeting with goodprovifions, as ducks, capons, pheafants, partridges and hares ; but the

lodging is not anfwerable to the other entertainment ; being general lyonly fome clean firaw fpread on the floor, with a bolfier or pil low for the

Beef-ebamh r head . I n the houfes of the peafants there is a place wali

’

d in behind.

M “ mthe Prove, to wh ich they afcend by a few narrow fione fieps, as into a

cock-loft ; and in th is warm apartment they fleep away the cold winter ;

nights very comfortably.

Bobemia is wel l peopled , and abounds with towns and villages . The‘m ‘

Bohemian dialect is fomewhat harfher than that of their neighbou rs,who mofily ufe the Scla'vom

'

an, and change feveral confonants, and :

efpecial ly the liquid 1, into vowels. The ladies here ufe a mixture of

the German and Bobemian dialects .The Rates of Bobemi a have been at the expence of above twenty

-four.

a good map of that kingdom; which was perform’

d

to their fatisfaction by yobn Cbrifiopbet Mel/er , the engineer, and en

graved by Kargfer ofAug/burg in 1720. It confifis of twenty-five (heets,

which may be put together by comparing it with the general map 0

Bohemia , publithed at the fame time on one theet. The price of the

whole, colour’

d, is thirteen guldens!Gem . Bohemia produces feveral forts of precious (bones, tome of wh ich are

but l ittle inferior to the oriental gems. The principal are amethyfts,topazes, faph ires, hyacinths, emeralds, rubies, granates, . jafpers , . cryftals,beryls, turquoifes, cal cedonies, onyxes, chryfopras, carbuncles,

monds and pearls. The bcfi peatls are found near Hora/doc itz, and alfo .

near the cafizles ofRabi and . Straeonitz. Thefe exceed the oriental . pearls

in whitenefs ; but the latter have more of the argentine luftre, whereas

the whitenefs of the Bohemian rather refembles that of milk. The Bo

Magam bemian magnets excel thofe of mai l: other places, and are fold verychea

T e city of P rague is wel l laid out, and its fireets are broader than

thofe ofVienna but it does not contain (0 many palaces as the latter.

The bridge over the Muldaw exceeds that of Ralf/boa and Dre/Eon in n,

length , being feven hundred and forty-two common paces . The breadth .

of it is fourteen common paces ; (0 that it affords room for three

10 s.4d. Ru ling.

P R A G U E.

riages to. go a-breafi. I t confifis of fixteen arches, and is adorn'

d on

each fide with twenty-eight fiatues of fo many faints . The crucifix

and the fiatue of St. j ubn Nepomuc are of brafs, and the roll of (tone.

Several votaries are always to be feen here on their knees, paying theirdevotion to thefe fiatues, efpecial ly at noon and in the evening . St. Ne. st. Nepomuc.

pomne, who, by: order of king ”fence/1am, was thrown over this bridge,becaufe he wou ld not reveal what the queen had entrufted him with at

confefli on, has, by his fuperior merit, greatly lefi'

en’

d the interef’t of al l

the other faints among the Bobemians : and it is certain, that they would

have been under greater obl igations to him, if God , as it was expected ,had by his mediation blefl

'

ed the emperor with a male heir. I n the

year 1724, during the emprefs’

s pregnancy , a print was publ icly fold ,reprefenting this faint hold ing a new born prince out of the clouds, withth is inferi tion under it, See what St. Nepomne can do.

’

Thoug th is faint fufi'

ered martyrdom by being precipitated from thisbridge, yet it feems he is the particu lar patron of bridges ; and in a few

years there wil l hardly be a bridge in al l theAa/lr ian hereditary fiatesand the adjacent countries without an image of th is faint. The folemncanonization of this new. patron has been a chargeable affair to the Bohowlans . I t was in the pontificate of Clement XI . that it received its fullcompletion and a medal was (truck on the occafion, reprefenting on

one fide aManfolenmon a-table placed between the pope and the ki ngdomof Bobemia, with th is chronogramatic legend

V110 I s CLeMentI s s sIDere fVLs It I n arI s.

And underneath

noMaa I nDVLta~

sanctI VI rI fefiIVa

T ransLatI one.

On the reverfe St.Nepomac is reprefented lying in thewater, furroundedwith {tars the body of the faint being difcovered in the l ll nldaw, as is

pretended , by the appearance of amiracu lous confiel lation.

The apotbegfis 17, or deification of this faint, was not performed tillthe year 1729. The expreflion I here make ufe of is no other than

that

We mu ll not look for-wit or fenfe in chronograms ; the words being chofen merelyfor the fake of the numeral letters contained in them. I have omitted feveral noted by the

author, as they are exploded in England, tho’

they continue in high repute in ”many.

1 The author has called this ceremony by its proper name ; and a frmi lar fuperttntious

practicemay be eeli ly traced out among thePagans. Cicero, dc leg. 1. 2. lays, Mo: g?Genti lnu ,m

P R A G U E.

that on the medal , which was firuck byHamerani , medal ift to the pope ;on one tide of which is the head and title of pope Benedic

‘l XI I I .

and on the reverfe St. Nepomae, and an angel pu tting a crown on his

head, with this legend

APOTHEO S I S I N LATERANOs . JOAN. NEPOM .

MDCCXXIX .

The apotheofis of St. 70h Nepom e, performed in the Lateran,in the year

The l ife of th is faint, with the bu l l for h is canonization and an ao

count of the folemnities on that occafion, has been publ ithed by Pafi, a

canon of Trent and fccretary to the itnperial embafl'

y at Rome, with a

pompous ded ication to cardinal Ciag‘ieegos .

j ammed/(p . I n old P rague the ffefieits have one of the largefl col leges belonging totheir order, thofe of Goa and Lifion excepted . Two hundred and ten

fathers of that order confiantly refide there. I t is cal led CollegiumClem tinum from the church of St. Clement, adjoining to it. Befides thisthey have another col lege in the new city ; and in the little city theyhave a col lege for profefl

'

ors, a eon'vifl or ium, and two feminaries fo that

the whole number of j ig/b its in P rague may be computed at three hun

dred at l'

eafi. Their fchools are very ful l : for the number of ftudentsin the twelve clafi

'

es of the Clementine college is no lets than eighteenhundred , in the rofefl

'

orial houfe five hundred , and in college at new

P ragzee fou r bundled . The l ibrary of the Clementine college is mobferving : it is very l ight and lofty, adorned with gal leries, and wellcontrived .

The mathematical cabinet, built here within thefe eight years, is

under the care of father Klein. Among other infiruments to be feenhere are the fol lowing , v iz . a mov ing armillary fphere, accord ing to

Tye-doBrabo

’

s fyfiem, and a largefixtant, made by that celebrated mathematician ; a kind ofperpetnammobi le, confifiing of bal ls running in a

circular motion ; various forts of clock-work, feveral camera and

ear bominexputare dear, quor in cerium voeaoerint merita. I t is cuflomary to look upon thofe

i llufi rious men whole merits have rai fed them to heaven, as Gons .

’

P lin. by} . not.

I . II . c. 7. faya, Hit g]? van/l ifters“ bene merentibm gratiam rgferendi met , at ta le: nami

nibm aJ/Er ibantur , I t is an immemorial cu llom, by way of gratitude, to rank among thee Gods thofe who have done eminent fervices to mankind. l ich en. Bran. ale/it. Dan. e, 233 .

fays, Calm U deos ex bominibm fafl os, one: pre irg entih u j oel'ls immertali tare don ut.

Theyworth ip men, towhom, for their great actions, they “bribe a divine immortality.

’

other

P R A G‘U E.

other optical infiruments . T0 the fame great man is owing the fol lowing ingenious invention : by fixing two convex glafi

'

es, placed at the

diftance of thirty-two feet oppoti te to each other, fome tinder or gunpowder, laid at the focus of one glafs, takes fire by blowing on a hot

coal at the focus of the other. Thefe glafl'

es are of a parabolical convexity ; and M . da Fa in the year 1728 , exhibited thi s experiment

before theAcademy 0 Sciences at P ar is, and maintained, that two fphet ical glad

'

es would produce the fame efl'

eét, even at a greater diftance.

I n the tower of the Clementine college is an obfervatory, which yields Obj er'vamj '.a fine profpect of the whole city . On the top of this tower is reptefented Atlas fupporting an armillary fphere. I n the church near the

Tr inbofl ’ is to be feen the monument of Tyebo Brake, who acqu ired an

immortal fame in Chemifiry, but more efpecial ly inAftronomy . Over

it is his ufual motto in large charaéters

E SSE POT IVS (LVAM HABER I .

To be, rather than to feem.

’

And underneath , the fol lowing infeription

I lla/i r is ao Generofits Dominas Tyebo de Brabe, inTychoBrahe’

:

Knudllrup, areir Uranibargi in l n/iela Hello/pond Danioi Huennafiendator ,infirumentornmAflronomicorum, qualia nee ante j bl oidit, ingenio/ifimuridemqae liberalifimm inventor 69

"eagflrafl vor , antigaifimd nobi li tate clams,flea

"

aaé'

l ior , animoqua rangue emlo continentar immortali gloria‘

complexw,4mnomorumomnis ficul i long?pr inceps, totiasOrbit commodo,fiemtionr immenfis,exaétiflimas intra minata minutaram aepartes , tr iginta amplins annoram ao

fervationes, mandopr imm intalit ; ai mfidera intra minatamen uejemtflémrg/l ituit Hipparebi j olius abOrbeoonditofuelDi is improoos in oél at fa duntaxaa

‘

ortatirfine LV.

The

P R A G If E.

The celebrated and nobleTychoBrabe, a native ofDenmark, Lord ofKnudfirup, founder of the cafile ofUraneburg

'

, fituated inHuen, an ifland

in the Sound orDani/bHel lefpont, the ingenious inventor and molt ac

c uratemaker of foch afironomical infiruments as the fun had never before beheld , i l lufirious for h is noble defcent, but more fo on account

of h is perfonal merit for his capaciou s mind comprehended whateverthe vafl Expanfe of heaven contains ; who being far fuperior to al l the

all ronomers of former ages, for the benefit of the whole world firfi:

publi ihed at an immenfe charge his afironomical obfervations of abovethirty years,wh ich are accurate even tominu tes and fcconds, and afiignedthe place of the fixt li ars within aminute and a half, very far furpafii ngHipparcbus, who was the only Perfon fince the creation of the world

that attempted fuch an arduous talk, C9°

c. He accurately marked out

the true courfe of both the great luminaries , and for the other planets

laid the fol id foundation of the Rudolpbine tables. He exploded the

antient opinion of‘Arifiotle and his followers concerning the fublunary

motion of comets, invented new hypothefes, wh ich he confirmed bydemonfiration ; and excel led in chymiftry and every branch of philof0phy. Being invited by the emperor Rudolpb I I . he gave admirablefpecimens of h is learning and candor, that he might not feem to have

l ived in vain . He l ikewife procured immortal fame among theAntipodesby h is works ; and as when l iving itwas his choice to prefer real ity toappearances, fo now being dead he l ives eternally. His remains and thofeof hiswife, who died threeyears after h im, were depofited in this facred

place by his children, whom he left his heirs . He died on the 29th of

c looer , in the year 160 1, of the Chriftian lEra, according to the

Diony/ian computation, and in the fifty-fifth year of hi s age.

’

On a cornice beneath is this line, which is fomething obfcure

Nonfafies nee ope: j bla fieptra perennant

Under this flye/Jo Brahe is reprefented on a baj o relievo of marble, inarmour, with a long fword by his fide, a band, and whifkers. He leans

with h is right hand on a celefiial fphere, which is placed over h is

coat of arms, with thefe words {ti ll more obfcure than that above

P roximi I I I I . annates conclufi. On h is left is placed h is helmet. Round

h is tomb-{tone are thefe words : AnnoDomini MDCI I I . dieXX IV. 057.

obi it i lluflr is C9”

genera/i nDominus 73min Brabe, Sacra Ceej areee Maj e/lati sConfiliar ius, cuiu: ofa bi t requiefi

'

unt. In the year 1603 , Oélooer 24.died the noble and i llufirious flycboBrabe, rivy counfellor to h is imperial majefly , whofe remains are depofited ere.

’

1 There

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P R A G U E.

temper, refented th is partial ity to fuch a degree, that fome indecent ex

prefli ons efcap’

d h im againf’t the king ; wh ich Walcbendorf took care to

relate to h is Majefly, and thus widened the breach . Nothing now te

mains of Uraneburg , but fome ru ins ; a great part of the materials havingbeen carried away to Sebanen by the Swedes, into whofe hands the iflandofHuen afterwards fell .

I own I am much furprifed that Gaj éndi in h is l ife of Tycho Brahe,fhbu ld make no mention of h is monument at P rague.

‘fne cbm b if The church of the crofs near the j e/ui ts col lege in the old city, is an

flatbedral .

Cbapel af Se.

elegant piece of arch itecture adorned with fine marble pillars and beautifu l paintings . I n the church on the Kar lsbofl , or Cbar les

’

s place, is a.

j i'

alafanfl a , bu ilt of Bohemian marble. The h igh altar is embel lithed

with fcu lpture in wood, wh ich is wel l executed ; but the wal ls of the

church are entirely covered with votive pieces, fome of which are

wretched daubings defigned for piaures, others filthy rags, fiockings ,coats, C

‘fc. which give the church a very difgufiful appearance.

The town-hoofe clock in the old city was made at the end of the fif

teenth century by the celebrated afironomerHana/2b, profefi'

or ofmathe

maticks in th is univerfity it exhibits the revolutions of the fun and

moon, the day of the‘month , the length of the days and nights, Cfc.

Buta great artof the movement is at prefent out of order.The ho -market is a very large, airy place, and is adorned with an

equeflrian ftatue of kingWencej laus in the center.

The cathedral , which is dedicated to St .Vitus, {lands on the Scbloj ibergjct cafilehi ll , and is very rich in plate, altar furniture, rel iques , fi e. Amongother valuable ornaments here 18 a crucifix ofHungar ian virgin gold ,weigh-

i

ing ten thoufand ducats . St.Wenceflaw’

s chapel is reprefented by fomeas ifthe wal ls were all covered with jafper, amethyfi and cornel ian . Everyth ing indeed is very rich in this chapel ; however, it comes thort of that

exaggerated account. I t is true , a confidcrable part of the wal l is covered

with the above-mentioned gems, fome of which are as big as a man’

s

fill , but irregu larly fet withou t any order and as for the embel l ifhments

ofgold , 3 c. the value of them is much more owing to the metal than

Gafléndi’

s account is rather a (cries of aflronomical obfervations than a l ife written ac

cord ing to the ru les of biography. The belt account of this celebrated perfon we owe tothe author of the Dan ifl) magazine. I n the year 1566, it was Tycbo Brain

’

s misfortune tolofe part of h is nofe in a fray, which ever after expofed him to a great deal of r id icu le. ,

He received many difl ingu ilh ing favours from the king of Denmark but i t is do ing h imtoo much honour to rank him among the knights of the Elep/Janr. His ti t le of Eques‘I brquotut be deri ved from two golden chains conferred on him by two of the Dani/bmonarchs . His d ifgrace appears to be owing to an extravagant {elf

-conceit and obtl inacyotherwrfe he was in a way ofmaking a very great figure at court. Another misfortunewh ich Tycho experienced was the lofs of a law fu it he had commenced aga infl a I

'

lCl't eccle

fiafiic, who had di lappointed h ar d the hopes he concei ved of his daughter.

P R A G U E. 9!the fki l l of the artificer . The monument of St. Nepomuc is of marble, MonumenttySt.

and the fcu lpture is not bad . The l ike may be obferved of that of count

Schlict , field marih al and privy counfel lor to his imperial majefty, whod ied here in the year, 1723 .

On a fountain within the area of the citadel a brefs fiatue of St. George Statue of Sr.

is ereéted , wh ich was caft in the year 1373 , in the reign of the emperorGm? “

Char les IV. and , making fome al lowance for the dark age that produced

it, itmay be reckoned a very good piece.

The profpeé’c fromthe royal apartments is qu ite charming ; and the Profiefl fi '

om

hal l , where the emperor entertains the nobi lity, wel l contrived and very”4d “

fp lend id . I cou ld not get a fight of the mufeum ; for the keeper of it

happened to be in the country . Some good p ieces of painting are {till

remain ing here. The ravages committed by the army under count

Konigfmark when this city was taken by fu rprize are fufii ciently known

and in the year 172 3 the emperor carried away the beltof thofe piétures

that were left, to Vi enna .

Hbre is fhewn the apartment in the Bohemian fecretary of fiate’

s of Three noblemen

fice, from whence in the year 16 18 , the lord of Sla'vata , h igh treafurerWini

bjf’m

’

”

of the kingdom ofBohemia , baron Martinitz , grand marthal and governorflaw s;ofCarl/loin, together with M. Fahr itiu: P latter fecretary of (l ate, were

thrown down headlong, for warmly efpoufing the interefis of the houfs

ofAu/lr ia , contrary to the fentiments of the majority who were prefent.Tho

’

it was the good fortune of thefe three noblemen to be received bya dunghill in their fall yet it is fomething fh

'

ange that in a fall from a

height of fix fiories or 2 8 ells of P rague, they d id not receive the lealthurt. As their fal l was involuntary , P latter

’

s apology to the other two

for h is rudenefs in fal ling on them was entirely needlefs . I went down

into the palace moat, which is now dry, to take a view of the place

where they fel l and under a window facing the city I found amongtl:the buthes at the véry bottom of the d itch , a

tppdefl al almolt

'

covered

with earth , on wh ich was a fquare pyramid wi a globe on the apex,

and on that was a crucufix . On one fide of the pedefial is to be feen

Slacata’

s arms ; on the other MRA; and on the th ird I'

Hé. Both

names are furrounded with a glory . The fou rth fide of the pyramidexh ibits the fol lowing infcription

P R A G U E .

AnnoDni 16 18 . d. 2 3 . Map .

Gui lielmum SlacatamBaronem de Chlum

Qubd eos quantumpotuerat tenuifit,Ne in B eam, Gee/21mm {9

°Regemfieumj urerent,

Nwe P atr iam 69°

fé ipj or perditum irent,

Tanquamfrenetici Medicum adgr cfliEa rahie de Cancellar ia huc egere prescipitem,

Ut proximé ahfuer i t a‘

morte,Etj h ne ahea j ? tune ahfiqfi

I n can/2: tam g lor iofa hodi e doleret ;

Augie/la P ieta :

I n the year 16 18 , on the 23d of .May , lVi/liam Sla'vata , baron of

Calm and Kofchenherg , endeavouring to refl rain the hereticks from of

fending God , the emperor their fi vereign, and from deftroying theircountry and themfelves by their lawlefs rage, was by fome noblemen

of that faétion (who like lunaticks were for laying violent hands on

their phyfician) thrown down headlong from the fecretary of ftate’

s

cfi ce to th is place ; fo that he narrowly efcaped with‘

h is l ife. Hewould have chofe to die in foch a glorious caufe

'

rather than l ive,were itnot to behold the tranfporting fights of the daily viétories acqu iredover perfidy and rebell ion, by the augufi piety of the emperor. Ferdi

nand.

’

About four and twenty feet from th is fpot, j ufi; under a window, on.

the other tide of the apartment, near a common thore or drain, in a very;

filthy fituation, (l ands a triangular pyramid , on two fides of wh ich are

alfo. the names, j‘q/ier and bl ar ia ; and on the third this infeription

P R A G U E.-93

AnnoDomini 16 18 . die 23 . May :

yore/law Borzita Baro a Al artiniz,Quad erga DEUM 6? CeefaremRegrmque j aum fdc Mfi't maj or

Quoi

n: perfdiafi rreprofit,Ah I feeretica Nohi litate eregia

Cancellar i a pr ime: in hunc

locum celut in mortem certij imam deturhatus,Et tr ihus plumheis g lohis efl ifl u:

Verum guos inclamaverat,

j e/u: C? Mar ia

Verepro vehiculo i lli

Et profcutofuerunt,I ta negue

Et maj or d

I n the year 16 18 ,'

0n the 23d of May , j arqflaur baron of

Martinitz, who, by his loyalty to God and the em etor his lawful fo

vereign, had ofi'

ended the crfidious and heretical nohi l ity, was by themthrown down headlong i

ii-cm the fecretary’

s ofii ce into this place asto certain death, being at the fame time fhot with three muflcet balls ;but 7454: and .Mary , whom he implored, gp

ntly wafted, h im and

th ielded from danger, fo that he received no urt or damage, but rofomore il luftrious from his fall .

’

There is likewife to be feen, in the treafury of Loretta, a golden

triangle fet with rubies, on which is enamel led the image of the virginMary, crowned by the holy Trinity : This was the joint offering .of

Sla vata, Martinitz, and P latter , as a memorial of their wonderfu l prefervation which they chiefly attributed to the virgin Mary . Turj élliniand other writers who have given a defcription of the holy houfe of

Loretta are mifiaken by inferting prince Lohko'witz

’

s name as one of the

three noblemenmentioned above, inftead of Platter .

The wh ite tower is a {l ate prifon . I t is (aid that there was formerly in a eTower .

one of the rooms in this tower a‘

curious machine made in the fhape of awoman , which , when any delinquent was brought near it, wou ld embrace h im, and with its arms inftantly break his back and ribs : but nofuch thing is now to be feen. I t is the opinion of fome, that it has been

removed to St. P eter’

s, where the upper confifiory is held ; and that thismachine was formerly more particu larly appropriated for the private

execution of ecclefiaftic criminals.

P .R A G ~U E .

in the Ratfchin, is the palace of count Czernini , which indeedenefs is inferior to Walen/lein houfe that fiands near it, but in thema;:ence of the bu ilding and richnefs of the furnitu re it has few oqu

ny c ity in Europe. The grand hal l is not yet fini lh ed , though it be

ld l'ed years fince it was begun , and the workmen are general ly en

e d upon it. The noble gal lery ofpictu res in this palace is a hundnfeventy five common paces in length . The fl air-cafe is broad , l igfinely painted . I {hall not enter on a particu lar defcription of (1

lfe, fu rniture , C54“ . But lh al l only obferve, that count Czernini , who

ual income is three hundred thoufand guldens, has, for many yea:

ed no ec nce for the embel l ithment of th is noble palace .

’

acing the capuch in chu rch , {l ands an edifice bu ilt in imitationCafir fanta at Loretta, the wal ls of which are black and fmoal

min, l ike the original . But in the heflh rel ievo’

s on the ou tfide the

very great d ifference ; thefe being only of p latter , whereas thofe

holy houfe at Loretta, are of marble ; and the workmanfli ip is as f~rior to the latter as the materials . The treafure col lected in ti

pel is very extraord inary, amounting to feveral tons of gold . Amor

er valuable offerings to be feen here, are the following , v iz .

lice faid to bemade out of a thoufand Cremni tz ducats , an gllenfor i r.

pyx fet with feveral pearls of the bignefs of an acorn, one of which,

middle, in the fhape of a heart, is of the fize of a middl ing walnu

ther gflenfor ium, enriched with fix thoufand fix hundred and fix

d iamonds, reprefenting the fun. The fize of the diamonds gradual

reafes, and they are curioufly arranged in order to form the fol

terminating in a point which confifis of one fingle fione . Twen

thoufand guldens have been offered for this pyx, with a promife

ply i ts

fplace with another fet with falfe fl ones , fo as hardly d ifti :

Chable rom real diamonds . I t colt two hundred thoufand gulden.

t artifi: who made it was rewarded with ten thoufand gu ldens, ,

b

this cu rious piece requ ired ten years appl ication before it was coned . Both thefe oflenfor ia were the offerings of Ludmi lla tE'

ifia Collohrad, who was defirous by th is means to obtain a place

ven, and immortal fame among the clergy. She died in the ye

5, and as a gratefu l retu rn for foch munificence, her portrait, as bl l ife, is pu t u in th is treafury.

) n one tide of e area before count Czernim s palace a {lone pi llarSl ed in memory ofDrahomira , a pagan du tchefs ofBohemia , and mothit.”fence/law, whom the earth fwal lowed up on this fpot in the ye

p.‘ The fhambles on one tide of this area or market place is remarkab

f

I fwe confult the Bohemian hiflorians, they paint Drahomira in the blackefi colours .

as faid to havemurdered her mother-in-lawLudomi lla , and to have endeavoured to d

pat

P R A G U E.

for being at al l times free from that fpecies of flies which layflefh , and produce maggots . Th is, by fome is afcribed to

tions of a forcerer, and by others to St. P rocopz'

us ; but in th t

feafon al l open places are al ike in this particu lar. I had no

mity of examining into the truth of this affair ; tho’

,in an

this may arife from natural caufes, withou t the interventioror forcerer, and is not fo very extraordinary as the inhabita1imagine.

I n the fame area is fhewn the ace where the Swedes

Konigfmark furprized th is p rt of e, in the year 1648have been matters of the city, had it not been for the tim

they metwith from the tower wh ich fiands in old P rague,the bridge . Th is refiftance was the m‘

ore extraordinary asby father George P laecbi a ye/i a

'

t, one s

'

bis a fchool maf

foldiers but the townfmen and ftudents foon joyning thobfl inate d ifpu te the Swedes were repu lfed with lofs . The

fcription in golden letters is to be feen on one fide of tl

memory of th is gal lant defence ; in wh ich the only fau lt is,termsmade ufe of in fpeaking of the Swedes.

patch her own (on by poifon. Her terr ible end is imputed to her implacabthe chrifiians, and a prefumptuou s vow {he had made of extirpating them.

acknowledged, that the particulars are accompan ied with a heap of incredib

P R A G U E.

Si/te bic paulsfper , viator ,Sed Iubens ac p alms,

Ubi multa papa/ants tandem've1inm

'

tus

Si/iere debui tGotboram C9

”Vanda/army: furorEt legefiniptum in marmare,

Quad in perpetuam Boemorum omnium8 ed impr imts veter a-P ragen/ium

Memor iamAnnoDomini MDCX I‘fII I .

Mar s Suecious j erro ac :gnem bar

Haze turris Goth ici fuit u ltimameta furoris,

Sed fidei non eft haze u ltimameta Boemee,

Potuifl'

ent idipfum ci'ves Vetero-P ragen/ésTrgfli janguine in/Er iaere,

Ferdinandi I I I . P ietate C‘i’

tia‘

I n orbem Germanieum redufl a

P rafang-nine aurumj nppeditaflet

Travel ler, day a wh ile, but thy flay {hal l be voluntary on this {pmm the rage of the Gotbs and Vandals, after all its cruel ravage

as flopped by force 5) and read th is infeription which informs themat, to the perpetual glory of al l Bohemians , but efpec ial ly of t]

itizens of old P rague, the Swedi/b army , that defiroyed every thin'ith fire and fword , was repu lfed in this place. Tbis tower was t

itmofl limit of Gatbie rage, but it is not the boundary of Bohemioaylty . Had it not been for the golden age, and peace refioredfermany , by the clemency and jufiice of Ferdinand I I I . the citizensld P rague wou ld have inferibed thefe letters with blood, wh ich a

ow of gold .

’

n the extreme part of the city, where formerly flood the palace

fiberad, abou t half way up the acl ivity of a rock, is to be feen an 0

[with three windows in it, which is the remains of a bath wbn

nerly belonged to the princefs Lion/a , from whence {he caufed h

ants to be thrown into the Muldaw, after they had g ratified her lun the church of St. Peter and St. P aul , on the PVg/iberad, isble pillar broken into three pieces, which the devil , out of me

fpi!

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P R A G U E.

rfing with its mai ler . On the parapet, wh ich is of brick, near 1

sor is {til l fhewn the imprefiion of the horfes fore-feet, one of wh

ore refembles that of an ox. I wi ll not detain you , Sir, with :

ore fuch fables ; wh ich abound in th is country , and are not onlytently related very gravely in common d ifcou rfe, bu t l ikewife,

der to obtain the greater credit, are publi lhed in books. DuringlVClS in th is part of the world , I have often wondered at the firmedu lity of many of theAlf/lr ian and Bohemian nobil ity, who fwalltprobabi l ities, without examination, or making ufe of their real

en beyond any otherRoman Cathol ics . Th is is themore extraordinz

greater freedom than formerly in making rel igious entl u iries has b

owed in Bobemia ; and as the fathers or grandfathers of the n

nfiderable noblemen in Bohemia , who are now fuch zealots for abl

ties, were proteftants .

There are a hundred churches, and almofi: as many convents

rague. The city is not very popu lous in proportion to i ts extent ;e whole number of its inhabitants does not exceed one hundred

enty thoufand ; fifty thoufand of which are fetus, and feventy th

Id cbri/l ians. The trade of this city is but inconfiderable for

ulda'w is not navigable, but on the contrary very fhal low. NearP ragdge it forms akind of a cafeade, C‘i

’

c. but below the bridge it is dtough for floats of timber .

P rague, 05106” 11, 1730.

L E T T E R LXXXVI .

Account of the city of Dre/den.

S I R,

HE difiance from P rague to B re/den is fixteen German mileNear Lobe/Zbutz, which is the fourth flage, the road is very

lu liony for halfa league and is very dangerous, as it l ies alongc livity of a mountain, at the foot ofwhich runs the river Elbe. A:jufily famous for a firong and fweet kind of wine, called Pofizkalt:'

which not above forty or fifty hogfheads at mofi: are made in a Yl

be vineyard that produces it belongs to the town. This wine is ge

Aboutfixty-four Engltfi miles.

D R E S D E IV.

rally thick, and feldom bears keeping above a year .

Aqfig to Peterfwalda is extremely troublefome, lying foover high and fieep mountains . With in half a leagueentered Saxony ; and from Scbitz to Drefden, which is twwe travel led over a pleafant plain , terminated on both

and wel l cu ltivated eminences . Drefden has long beenfuperb palaces, {trait and uniform fireets, agreeable fitua

d id court ; bu t in number of houfes and inhabitants ,feveral cities in Germany .

‘ The former, including tl

computed at about two thoufand five hundred : And thcber , who l ives in this city, afi

’

ures me from authentic ac

inhabitants in old and new Drefden do not much exceed

about five thoufand of wh ich at prefent are Papifts . I n 1

the garrifon is not included . Underneath is an accoun

l ions which were bought and confumed in this city inwh ich in the article of wine may pofiibly come fbortdrank that year in Drefden.

10 oxen or black cattle.

calves .

I thee?19 lambs.

goats .

I o hogs .

89-1 quintals of carp .

552 heads of deer.

645 fawns.

3 I 1 wild boars, 3 c.

188 marcafi'

n’

s or wildp igs .

27 tame d itto.

The place which will afford the greatefi entertainmentvel ler atDrcfden is thegreen-room, as it is called, or the malection was begun by the elefi orAugufius, and placed i!which name it {ti ll retains . There are now feveral apa

green the whole difpofition ismuch alter’

d, and the num

Mr. j ar/ti , in his treatife of the Roman expeditions into Germany, ¢that the city ofDre/den der ives its name fromDra

g/i fs, that general havi .

and ereaed a trophy where Dre/den now fiands ; at a moderate acquaihifiory is

o

fufiicient to convince us of the contrary. SeeMr. DeerSaxon. Lip]: 1749.

D R E S D E N.

fdrinking velfels of the fame fet in gold and enamel ; a great maleces of coral and amber curioufly wrought ; a box of mother of pet with pearls and the reprefentation of a mountain, confifiing entirevery fine pearls fet in gold ; but thefe pearls are not al l of the far

sundnefs . Several experiments have been tried to reduce pearls of°

egu lar figure into an orbicu lar form, but to no purpofe for pearls

aferved to incrcafe in bu lk, by pel licles growing over each other frc

ar to year ; fo that if they were cut they wou ld peal off. The ki'

Poland'

s dominions yield round pearls, in a l ittle river in the d ifir

Henneberg , and l ikewife in the Eyler which are al l referved for l

ajefty’

s ufe , though none are p laced in the green-room but the o

nral pearls .

The fixth apartment is furrounded with clofets, in wh ich are to

seed al l the electors of Saxony as b ig as the l ife in their proper habinthe midd le of th is room is a clock in the form of a woman, wh it

oves the head every minu te from one fide to the other.

The firfl: object lhewn in the feventh apartment is a tea equ ipage, wie table, 8 c. all ofgold enamel

'

d , and fetwith diamonds : theywerema'Dinglinger , jewel ler to the court, who received forty-fix thoufand dr

5 for the whole. 2 . A largematr ix ofemerald held ou t by aMoor , whc

llar is fet with jewels . Oppofite to this is anotherMoor , with a bafket fl

cryfials and filver and gold ores, which are the produce of the countr

On a table an ell broad , and an el l and a quarter long, is reprefented tl

lebration of the Great Mogul’

s birth-day . The monarch is exhibitn

ting on a throne, the grandees of his empire are profirate before h i

th their refpeétive gifts, and the portico is crowded with h is guart:phants, and every thing belonging to the fplendor of an eaftern COU1

he above-mentioned D ing linger , and fifteen other ingenious attifaider h im, were ten years and eight months employed on this piecr which he was paid eighty-five thoufand dollars. The pil lar in t]

iddle of this room is adorned with beautifu l baj o relie‘w'

s of Af flbidate. On the fame illar is an oriental onyx, which Dinglinger pu

afed t oufand dol lars. I t is of an oval figure, near

tarter of el l in its longefi diameter. Near it hang thfl

bers of a remarkable fize. Here is alfo a bafou of oriental agate,

ge as half a cocoa-nut, cut longitudinal ly. Among the fingle gen

a large oriental faphire, a to

‘paz of a reddifh water and a very extr:

dinary fize, an aqua mar ina o the bignefs of a man'

s li ft, with a gre

umber of other precious fiones to an immenfe value ; particu larly a

tire afl'

ortment of diamonds, being a fet of buttons for a fu it of cloathd the badge of the order of knighthood , with the (tar, buckles, an

ad of a cane, C‘J’c. Oppofite to this is an afi

'

ortment of cornelians 4V6!

D R E S D E IV.

very great value, another of emeralds, and three afi'

ortmentrubies and rofe diamonds, befides another of bril liants.

fleece, belonging to the order of knighthood mentionerd iamond , for wh ich the king of Poland a few years ago 1:

dred thoufand dollars . I t exceeds that in the duke of Baumand weighs a hundred and ninety-four grains and a half.

betwixt two d iamonds, each of which is equal in fize to a l

and on the cane head is a diamond of the fame bignefs .

I n the laft apartment are, a clock of gold fet with gemstable with cryfial and amethyft veins . Th is jafper comes flfour miles from Drdden ; and it is but a few years fince

of the Saxon jafper has been known . Formerly the peafa

fort of ftone, together with others, to inclofe their fie]procured fome large pieces which are very beautifu l , bdifficu lt to polifh .

I have endeavoured to give you a general idea of th

the green-room or mu/

‘

eumat Dre/den ; for to fpecify eveqfcarce pofii ble ; and this difficulty increafes from year to

acqu ifitions are continually made. The tr ibuna at Flore

contents, may in value exceed th is col leétion ; but the juditment of the feveral pieces here give it anAppearance Whiteye beyond the Florentine mufeum.

The palace is furnifhed as becomes the manfion of fu

the drawing-rooms are particu larly worth feeing, were it op ictures by Louis Si l'vefler , reprefenting the rape of P ro/

‘

erpi

morphofis ofAfl eon, and other fables from Ovid . Anothep iece by the fame artift reprefents the prefent elector takingfather at h is fetting out on h is travels . The latter recomnto P al/as and Mercury . Beh ind the prince fiands h is goverldence with a telefcope in her hand by h is fide, and feveral

the maps of the countries which the prince was going t!ceiling of the audience-room was alfo painted by Si lvefler .

ing-glafl

'

es in fome of thefe apartments are between eighthigh , and fix and feven broad . The alfembly room for th<is hung with rich tapefiry , reprefenting the atchievements

Among the furprifing qua ntity of plate wh ich iplate cabinet are four guer idons or fi ands, each weighingand feventy

-one marks, and twelve others that do not weigtwo vafes, each above five feet high , fcarce to be fathom

’

d

weighing fix hundred marks each ; two pieces of the famel ittle inferior in weight ; eight cifterns, with the vefi

'

els {tan

each weighing eight hundred marks. This furprifing qua

D R E S D E N.

1,more, has al l been col lected and made from the year 17 1

rear 157 19. The common affembly room is adorned with t

tapefiry, reprefenting the battle of Hocb/iedt. l omit for bretthe great number of curious clocks, beautifu l tables, rich cabi>ther furniture, with wh ich the apartments are filled . Aforcid not omit feeing the confidents-table, a curious piece of me

by Gartrern, formerly model-mai ler to the king, by mean

h his majefty dines privately with h is confidents ; for this table,t appurtenances, is brought up from the lower apartments intc

r, and not one fervant feen in waiting. There is alfo another mu

palace, fromwhence a great part of the curiofities have been ca

‘

t e green-room, and part into the Zwinger-gallery . Howeve

ved in it twelve good bu ild s of the Cafi r’

s, feveral portraitlework, C‘fc. The belt and largefl pieces of painting to be

are a banquet of the gods , and the rape of the Sabines .

the fecond apartment are a great number of tables of ebony, l l

mother-of-pearl and filver, and fome curious pieces in glafs,trly a glafs organ . Among the pictures are a capital piece of

ncleétor of Saxony , founder of thismaj euw, and another of Lad;

m or :Loc7icus king of Poland, who d ied in the year 13 3 3 ,

efiature did not exceed an el l hence hewas called cubita lis .

the. third apartment are feveral pictures glazed, fome pieces of gwork, perfpeétive views , wax-work, and fine drawings with a

ng the mother-of-pearl works is a flower piece and a parrot, w

te'refraétion of the rays of light exhibit a variety of very beau

rs . There is alfo a draught-board , with men of filver and g

effed with the heads or portraits of the elector Augu/ius and c

es then l iving : the work is extremely cu rious, and every ima;feated both in gold and filver. Among the ancient drinking vris l hewn the horn of a rhinoceros ; another, as is pretended, n

to claw of a grifli n, wh ich is noth ing but a common horn a t

I ll aldi ‘va nut, a fou rth of a cocoa-nut ; and feveral buffalo horns

gold or filver.‘ On one of the lafi; mentioned horns, or re

The endom among the Celts: of drinkin out of horns is fufiiciently mentiom

anciemauthors. Vide Gee/an dc bell. a ll . I . VI . c. 28 . P lin. byl . uat.Pobrb. c. 23 . Ifidor . orig . l . X11. c. 1. Accord in to the mythology of the not

s, _even the celefiial heroes in the Valballa made ufe of fuch a cup . Edda myri.

monum. Dan. 1. V. c. 5 . Stepban. ad Sax. Gram. bifl. Dan. I. X I I I ]. p. 245 .

de u'

flie'

ornu , c. 30. Thefe valuable remains of antiqu ity, preferved down to ou

Ext ite'

d the attention of the molt learned antiquarians, and

B R E R D E N.

ivory drinking cup are feveral baj o relievo's, and this Ill

Hei lacb rar brenninkar pikkar , i . e. The cup of the holy'

l

fupreme Beingisprefumptuoufly reprefented on itwith a t

nance, and‘l i ewxfe the following diagram.

On this horn is l ikewife reprefented the Virgin $ 1

the keys, and the four evangel ifts with their proper fymbols.door of this apartment Sam/on is reprefented lying in Dali .

the painter, not being much acquainted with military hiftoqhis hero in a fu it of armour .

I n the fourth apartment are feveral cur iofities of ivory tutwhich i s the head of a cane, two fnufil boxes, and a compthe Czar P eter tbc Great ; fome pieces of amber, a cafket t

The northern nations are known to have had an ancient enfiem at

facrifices ofoffering particu lar cups fu l l ofwine or beer to their idols , and drintheir health, or rather in commemoration of them. After Chrifiianity was inthem, this cuftom was fi i l l retained, onl they fubftitu ted in the room 01

Fr iga, &c . the holy T rinity, the VirginL077, and the faints . See Sonorr

HaquinAdel/fan, c. 16 and 18 . Oddo the monk’

s l ife of St. Claus, and Dol

Hirdsl 'raa , c.49.

Lu i tprandus (deGe/i . Pantry : Roman.) affirms, that 7061!was in a

accufed of hav ing drank the dev il’

s health . Arecent in ance of this nort

adduced by Biri erbod, in his Pa lm/Zr . Antiq. p. 128 . Nz/l is, non ita priden

damNorwag ieum, ui in conv ivioDei immortalis poeulum bi erat, caufibm [umquad bi t Hafniee e j ufi itiee tr ibunal detulrfifi , U quum cr imen v ideretur j innargue moremaj oram recepto commi um, fintenria quidem regi a in pr ifi imms bow

nimis privarasfuerat, pofi rauem re/l itutum, eccleflq/l ica tamen, ra mprodifciplina adprobara . You know, fays he, that lately a certain orwe ian

hav ing been profecuted for drinking at a feafi the cup of the immorta Ge

the high court ofj ufiice at (symbagen and his fault appear ing to be an 3 5

'

s

and fimpl icity, in blindly f lowing an ancient cufiom, the feverity of the

ywhich he had forfeited al l his pofl

'

eflions. was reverted. But the dc urch, with which he had alfo been puni thed, was approved of and ratifiet

VOL . IV. P

D R E S D E N .

>rk on a table of figured Florentine marble, feveral pieces of marb'

re produce of Saxony , ferpentine vafes, an organ of alabafter decor'ith very elegant fcu lpture, and a great many other alabafler ve.

m e of wh ich are gilt ; a pretty baflo relievo, cut in a tapbus, repret

tg the fhepherds going to Betlslebem, and exhibiting the figures of tll animals, l ike that in the pofi

'

efii on of count Oldenburg .

I n the fifth chamber are to be feen the arms of Saxony , as alfo

.ndfcapes and houfes of Florentine work, and fome old pictu reu tan ecclefiaf’rics ; a curiou s artificial fiag

’

s-head the l ifting up 0

tazen ferpent in the wildernefs , the crucifixion of Chrifi , and two

es, very fmal l , and curioufly cut in wood. Each of the two

ieces coft a hundred ducats .

Here is alfo fhewn a cherry-(tone, on which , by means of a mi

rope, a hundred and eighty human faces, wel l cu t, may be di

uifhed . I t is furprifing to behold the great number of beautifu l figarioufly engraved or inlaid on feveral of the tables and cabinets .

tbinet is inlaid with preciou s (tones, which are the produce of Sax:

I n the laft apartment are lhewn feveral clocks and automata which>rm variety ofmotions , and imitate an organ and other mufical I n

tents and the gardener’

s univerfal clock, calcu lated for three hundrec’

xty places in different latitudes . Here are two original pictures,Albert the courageous , the other of the elector Augzg

lus, pai'hen he was in the thirty

-third year of his age, bu t wit a veryrd . After all , this mu/Z’um very wel l deferves to be put into a t

gu lar order .

I n the palace is a very fine piéture gal lery, of which baron Leas the direCtion. The painting of the wal ls infre/Z

'

o is not yet finit

owever there are fome valuable old pieces to be feen in it. On

des of the gallery fiand feveral large vafes of ferpentine, and porplritb a eat number of largemarble and brafs bufto

’

s . Among the 1l at ofnu/ia'vusAdolpbus is eafily difiingu ifh

’

d from the refi . Atodel of the vatican Laocoon, and feveral other celebrated pieceseat ornaments to this room ; which is eighty common paces in ler

nd twenty in breadth . The room adjoining to the gallery is fu

artraits among which is the piéture of Angu/lus king of Polar.

:ry beautiful mofaic work. The eleétoral prince and h is princelig as the l ife, are alfo to be feen here work

’

d in filk. Fru it, floleces and landfchapes are depofited in feparate apartments . Two 0‘

ontain fome celebrated pieces of painting b Holbein, Cranacb, See .

I n the year 17 1 1 a beautifu l edifice, w ich was defigned for a

oble green-houfe, was begun in the Zwinger-garden but as am

lace afterwards appeared more convenient for that pu ipofe, itwas

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D R E S D E N.

mutt have been as big as a calf, both petrified : the feeIf the latter may be very plainly diftingu ifhed . This piecL!fromWurtzburg , and was purchafed by the king for fiveallars. Here are to be feen feveral kinds ofmarble, not qui

Lhut foft, dug Up in Saxony , with a col lection of various ftigi llatee. Among the petrefaétions are to be feen fome refenions, fweetmeets , 3 c. theAncanaDatali delmaredcfcribed in vive found a place here ; together with a red kind of marhlt

fwh lch very natural ly reprefent the iVe/lpbalia orGottingen fautfol lowing curiofities, viz. feveral petrefaétions found in a

irna , others taken out of the river Weifli’r itz near Dre/den,head of a buffalo, feveral petrefied fifhes brought from the 11;-Eicbfladt [l ate quarries, a variety ofDendr ites found both in

te quarries, and incruftations, among wh ich are feveral fromr; and the upper and lower jaw of an elephant, both pett

tmer was brought from L itbau , and the latter fromAmfiesupper jaw are the round holes or fockets in which the longrew ; and in both jaws are fli l l remaining two large dentes rt grinders : thefe are commonly fuppofed to be giants teeth .

bt variet ofpetrefied cray-fifh , crabs, ramifications of thr

or {tar-fifh from lVirtemberg ; ecbni , cornua ammonis, Itrble leaves and branches of trees , together with birds-neitwitha lapideous fubfiance, l ike that obferved in a fpring

mgthe comma ammonis there is onewh ich is two feet in diarredlfo lhewn feveral pieces of wood ful l of al l kinds of mixby degrees filled the interfiices of the former ; a p iece of

ted to agate, and another piece of wood petrefied , whicl

t from Poland, with the circu lar firioe caufed by the a

of the flock plainly diftinguilhable. Among the petrefa

t fromP irna is a very curiou s one exh ibiting a pentagonal‘

or i i ar-fifh, of the fame kind with thofe thrown up by tl

Ihore near Sc ing , and other maritime parts of Europe.

y of th is p iece does not confift only in the imprefli on [0 e.

in a kind of topbus or fand-flone ; but it feems more farpcreature, which is extremely foft and tender, cou ld impn

a any fubftance whatever.

re repofitory of exotics, adjoining to this, are a great manm room, which, but with as l ittle fkil l as propriety, by the'

a face or fome l imb, are made to reprefent human figures,are alfo a great number of leaves anatomifed, where the

s of the fibres, like veins and arteries, are feparated fror

pu

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D R E S D E N .

gelt roe-buck, h is horns grew again, and with this circumflance, t

Read of dropping at the time of the annual change, they remainedto animal ’s head as long as he l ived . The fubftance of thefe he

anted a great deal of the ufual hardnefs , but was dilated without fog a point at the ends ; and as he never u fed to whet them againft a t

re rough fkin continued on them, and in teveral parts hung down lo

e that at laft the branches of them had fomething of the appearance

crown . Whether it was owing to the debilitation which the ani

ad f ufi‘

ered , that the new born it produced was not as hard and com;fuch fubfl ances general ly are , I fhal l not pretend to determinelIS to me appeared fometh ing remarkable , that by the caftration

ry contextu re of the animal fhould be (0 altered as not to be knc

its own fpec ies . For, before that operation, he ufed in ru tting-trun away into the forefis after the does ; now, on the contrary,ver returned from the woods at that feafon without three or four I

tcks at his heels, which fol lowed him even into the very court, wley were general ly fhot,But to return from this digrefii on . I n this gal lery are feveral horns 1ew on the heads of hares, that of a rhinoceros, fome elephants re

re ofwhich is eight feet in length , and a piece of ivory with a b

i llet inclofed in it, tho’

one cannot d ifcern where the bal l entered ,i ry being clofed again ; bezoar fiones, and an oriental bezoar,rge, that if it was appl ied to medical ufes, it might be fold for aboroufand dollars . The many calcul i extraéted from the bladder, l

:ys, and gall-bladders of human fubj eéts, on account of their large

Id angular fhape thought worthy to be preferved here, afi'

ord bt

elancholy fight. The two largeft of thefe were extradtcd froml igmann and the famous civil ian Zieg ler the latter was afli iéted v

te {tone in the bladder, gal l , and kidneys . Here are l ikewife fev

tlcul i extracted out of dogs, horfes, 8 c. Next to thefe are fev

akes, one of which has a frog, and another a bat in its {tommong other venomous creatures here are d ifferent kinds of fcorprd tarantula

’

s . The next are, a hare with eight legs , the embryo o:madi lla, a crocodile crawlin

lg out of its egg , equal in fize to a goofe,

fpecies of toads cal l’

d piwa or pipal , the fema le of which depofits;s in valvular or l ittle cel ls on the back of the male, fo that when

>ung are hatched they feem to

grow out of the body of the m

ethers fuppofe that to be the fema e that feems to produce the yourd tho

’

it has no penis, it feems to have two round tefticles.

Here are alfo lhewn an I ndian hat, a baboon, an hyzena, a pel ie

Id all forts of birds wh ich could pofiibly be colleéted . Among tl

aTomenej o, with feathers beautiq y variegated with all forts of colo

D R E S D E N.

and fo cal led by the Spaniards from its fmal lnefs, or rather i

for both the bird and its neft hardly weigh but two fuch peasniards cal l taminos . The hen of this fpecies is not fo beacock. The col lection of eggs lhewn here is very large, an

are fome of the montl rou s kind . That ofbirds-nefl s i s littleand has a kind of appendix of thofe of wafps, hornets , C

‘i’

c

fpecu lative mind often meets with more vifible traces of t]

wifdom of the creator, than one wou ld imagine in things Icontemptible. The infec’ts and butterflies take up a great

drawers . Among the latter is one of a very large fpecies ,fl ies in the night, and from a kind of radiancy towards thei ts tai l is cal led in Fr encb le Lanterni er . As thefe infects a

jeét to corruption, the drawers are walh ed every month wit

of turpentine, fpike oi l , and camphire . Some of the other a

being kil l’

d in fpirits of wine, are preferved in an inferior fori t being fuppofed that the fharpnefs of the fpirit of wine n

erode the flefhy parts . I n the paffage leading from th isZwinger gal lery to the other, are the ribs and head of a v

fecond part of the gallery is a continuation of the preced in;ingly the objects one meets with here, are crocodiles, c n

genitals of whales, a great number of tortoifes , a carcar ita

the fize of a man, with double rows of teeth , l ike the v

found in Malta ; a fl uff’

d fea-dog , which was taken in l

fiufi’

d white beaver, a polypus, the born or rather tooth of

the narva l or unicorn fill ) , fword-fith es, flying-filli es, I:

Here is alfo a kind of fiar-fifl i found near Scbeveling , curi

rn ifed , which was prefented to h is majefly by fecretary Kle.nick. Akind of crabs wh ich is e atable, and difiingu ithed

offoldier , from the hard (hell with which it is armed upand its courage in defend ing itfelf upon the firfl: apprehenfio

i s l ikewife to be feen here . I f it happens to be on the lhor

d iatt ly buries its head in the fand , and brandifhes its two cl

off the enemy ; and no fooner has it difcharged itfelf frt

but it goes in quel l of the firft empty (hell , wh ich it make

placing its head in fecurity . This property of accommodatit

what belongs to another, is agreeable to its name . The e

filh being i ts offenfive weapons remain without the {hel lferved to make feveral affau lts upon the enemy, if it be not

matched . Sometimes nothing wil l fetch h im ou t of h is n'

ment bu t fire, to which he at lafi yields with great reluétHere is a col lection of al l kinds of natural cu rtofities , pre

late czarina Catber ine. Among thefe is an ermine kept in fp

D R E S D E N.

thout any black fpots, only the tip ofthe tail being of that colour, whiight be taken for a wh ite weazle . Here is alfo the female of t

lian bag-rat, which has a bag or purfe on the bel ly . This creatu

sen her young ones are crept into it, can in fome meafure draw

gether and this th e does either to keep them warm, or to feet

em from danger : but this bag is very d ifferent from the womb of t

imal , as it to be by fome naturalifts . I t goes by the nan

Pbi lander , d Car ignqja ,in Brazi le. Among thefe is to

n the Faramoz,which is a vegetable, faid to grow in the figure of

eep near the river Wolga ; but this is only a fungous or fpungy fu

ICC, about fix or eight inches in length , fqueezed into that th a]th the addition of a head and legs made by art. Next to thefe iat variety of corals , coralines, and fea vegetables, which are divido clalfes, as Lytbapbyta . Spongapbyta , Keratapbi ta and P atanopbyta

nong the cancbylia or cu rious (h el ls in th is col lection is the big/J admi rit is called , and the orange admiral ; for the former of wh ich h is nty paid five hundred , and for the latter a thoufand gu ldens . Bu t

ll wants that rare {hel l cal led Cedo nulli , the ”foft-I ndian and Er

fan, and alfo the v ice-admiral .

Among the amber curiofities are, a mof’t beautiful l ittle cofl'

er and

ught board , fil e. which was a prefent from the king of P rufia . He

l ikewife fome pieces of amber, in wh ich animals or leaves with th

lks have been natural ly inclofed ; and few of thefe coft lefs than fi:

sts a piece . Here are alfo tome fpecim'

ens of Mr. P ezold’

s art

infing any fubftance in amber.

From this room one enters a large grotto, which , with the cor.

mm in it, is fplendid ly decorated with an infinite variety of beautit

l ls , water-works, fi e. Adjoining to this is a gal lery , where the fkithe molt uncommon beafis that d ie in the manager ie are fl uffed a

:ferved . The molt remarkab le among thefe are, a horfe with a t

rteen el ls longs, and the mane five ; a dog without any fore legs, fuone as is to be feen al ive in pr ince Eugene

’

s menager ie ; feveral l iorgers , bears , wolves , an hymns ; a calf with two heads, with a ki

coif growing over one of them ; anAmer ican wi ld afs, with beautitl ite and black ftripes a large Babylonian (beep , and a bear whi

ghed above fix hundred weight

Upon the return of Dr. Hebenfl reit, who, together with five other perfons , was Ihe year 173 i , by

the way of Frankfort , Lyons andMar/ewes, to Afr ica , in order

ch into the natural bi llory and other curiofities of that country, th is col leél ion has be

s l y augmented with feveral valuable pieces, particu lar!a very white Porus matrona lisIliumfumfum, found in the M fim ana n, nearM r oi l/es ; and l ikewi fe a mofl: wri t

nch of black coral , invefied with a fortof rind, as are alfo the red corals brought his

the above-mentioned indefatigable natural ilt.

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D R E S D E N.

rus rock where they are found . Some have a greenifh hue ; buatefi part of them are pale, (0 that they are not unlike yemonds. About Freyberg and w iekaw are found the Haematiti0d (tone, ferpentine, agate, chalcedony, white cornelian and

this gal lery alfo is {hewn a col lection of al l kinds of falts, f ecimei:r

‘

al kinds of foreign marble, and fome beau tiful pearls o the bi;cherry

-fione, fou nd in the Eifler .

[he mathematical room is over the main entrance of the Zw.

ery . Among the geometrical apparatus is an old inftrumentthe'

eleétor Augu us in furveying lands. Here are alfo feveral l:n and drawn by h is electoral highnefs , who feems to have beaplete penman . Thofe who are fond of northern antiqu ities willl fume Ruinie calendars , on which they may exercife their talere i

'

s alfo lhewn a celef’tial globe brought from Moeba infcribed

fair letters, and fiudded with {tars of filver inlaid in brafs ; butexhibit one (tar in the antarétick circle. Near this are fe'

{ar ia or perambu lators . The large afironomical clock, be un inr

1563 , and not finithed till the year 1568 , was boug t bytorAuger/ins for fixteen thoufand dol lars and may even at prefen

ted among the mafier-pieces of that kind . Among the gnom

ofities, are feveral kinds of fun dials, inftruments of navigation, 1fea compafibs ; and among the latter is a Chine/e compafs .

l rcmarkable of the afironomical infiruments is a rcprefentation of

rrriman fyfiem, which moves by clock-work, and is an ingenious p

'

not without many imperfeétions. Here is alfo a great variet~

cal-infiruments, among which are mu ltiplying glafEs, l ike thofefurnmer in the fplend id encampment of thej axan troops. They c

of-a. great number offmal l fquare glafies in a concave d ifpofition,

med together with tacks of pol ifhed fieel ; fo that the lamps t

egiafies appear innumerable by an infinite variety of refieé'

tions anc

firms of the rays of light. I t is nowwel l known that burning cont

da are made even of gilt paper ; but the effect ch iefly depends‘

goodnefs of the gilding and pol ifh ing . Gartner , who made

mam of the Copernican fyfiem mentioned above, has acqu ired gitation here by h is invention of a bu rningfl eeulunzofwood , whittwelve feet, or fixDre/den el ls , in diameter. The focal difl anc

-mirrou r is two el ls e leven inches and five lines ; bu tanother com'

s mirrour, that fiands near it, burns much more intenfely .

T he ridicu lous fupcrfl itions with which the Ruinic calendars abound beyond all otrd ieioufly expu fed by the fo l lowing writers ”form. in li tter . Run. and mmonnm.

f. p.‘

“7. Rudbmt fi t/( mt. tom. 11. p. l 65. Lantmann de comput. temp.per biemes,ing tie nomim’ C’

f

fi/ia 7nd , 24.

D R E S D E IV.

b urning glafs made in the year 1690 by the famous baron 7]is fmal ler than that at (Ia/501; and yet, the fums ofmoney whi texpended for tools and infiruments to complete it being icoft h is Majefty th irty thoufand dollars The diameter 01

Drcfden el ls and eighteen inches ; and the focal diftance, one

inches and two l ines . Here is alfo to be feen a new inventeby which feven ploughs may be moved forward in a direét

wind from what quarter foever it blows : But I am incl ined tmodel fucceeds better on a fmooth table, than a largwou ld in a rugged {tony foil . This col lection in the laft pl :feveral Optical pictures, one of wh ich reprefents a battle ;thro

’

a glafs is the portrait of the elector ffolmGeorge III -1galleries and apartments already defcribed , the Zwinger houfeveral falcons and other apartments wh ich belong to the electThe moft elegant of thefe is that cal led the ball-room. Andgilding, painting and fine marble ornaments to be feen in thivery fu itable to a place of fcftivity . I n the pavement are twe

pieces ofmarble, about fix Dre/den ells in the longeft diametetween thefe is another piece of red and white marble cu t out

block, which is four el ls broad and eleven el ls or ten commt

length . This extraordinary piece ofmarble was brought fron

inVoigtlande, and coft fourteen thoufand dollars. Th is faloonfine walks made on the ramparts from whence one has

feveral boats, and the royal yacht cal led the Bucentaurur, in

royal highnefs the electoral princefs in the year 17 19, failed 1

from P i rna to Dre/Hen. On each fidc of th is ball-room are

water-works, cafcades, grotto’

s, and baths.

The prefentking ofPoland is a greatencourager ofarts and fchas fhewn a great defire for improving and brin ing into bigarchitecture and fc u lptu re , by generoufly rewat ing al l good

in either art exh ibited in h is dominions , and by procuring fand antiqu ities as are u niverfal ly allowed to be mafier—piecesvincing proof of th ismay be feen in the royal gardens, wh ich awith above fifteen hundred fiatues. The modern pieces an

marble, and difpofed in every part of the gardens ; but the a

more valuable ftatues fiand together, with other remains ofant

are kept in the palace, wh ich is bu il t exaétly in the centre of t

This , and the other burnin l afl'

es, as they are cal led in the origin

wood , fs’e. mentioned above, muf e concave mirrours, as I have rendered t

~IF Al ittle before his death, King Angst/h a l l . purchafed the model ofSolomon, which was formerly lhewn atHamburg and London. This piece, whi

feet high, and eighty in circumference, coil hrs majefty above ten thoufand dnowp laced in the centre of the Zwinger gal lery .

(La

D R E S D E N.

me idea may be formed of the value of this col leétion from this cmt’tance, namely, that the king within thefe few years laid out t

oufand dol lars} only for ancient pieces offculpture purchafed in I talynong thefe antiques are fome heads of porphyry, feveral fiatuesnus, urns, four pillars ofg iallo antieo, two of which formerly fl oodePalazzo di Cbig i ; a large vafe of oriental alabafier wh ich coft twelindred ducats, an antique marble fareopbagus adorned with 6a

?1

90'

s feveral antique idols, among wh ich is a figure about two ect

ight, wh ich is naked and hairy from the head to the pudenda, wiis dedicatory infeription under it

To the deity that prefides over 'generation.

’

Among a great variety of remains of antiqu ity, here are feveral daas or poignards, a large pa an facrificatory vefi

'

cl,*

and three ancicmgi i , on the largeftofwhic are thefe words

IMP. CAESAREVESPAS . VI .

T. CAES. AVG . F. I I I I .

MENSVRAEEXACTAE, INCAP I TOL I O

P . X .

Here alfo is an ancient glafs urn, which feems to have been gi

Id as appears by a written account near it, formerly flood on Traya;

llar atRome, ti ll by order ofpope Sixtus V. it was taken down to ma

omfor an image ofSt.Peter . But thatTrajan’

s afhes were depofited

is urn is abfolutely denied by feveral antiquarians, who maintain they l ie in the globe l

hewn in the capitol at Rome, with an appofite i

About fietl ing

1 I n the year 1733 and 1734, baron Le Plat publ ifhed at Dre den a very pompc

rk, entitled, Rea m]do: m ore: antiques, groi e trow ent dam 1a Ga r ie da Roy doPolog

rfl eur doSome (3Drefden, eon/97amen CCXX taille dorm: enfolio Royal, on.

Such vefl'

els were made ufe of at facrifices for receiving the v iétim’

s blood. Andprefent, together with the bu lls appointed for facnfice, were fprinkled with l

sod . Vid. Strain.Gem. lib. 7.

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D R E S D E N.

1d new tefiament are inlaid in ivory, of very del icate workmnip . Here are alfo the following cu riofities, v iz. the firft fire-l l

[at was ever made, wh ich is the work of Schwartz a monk ; an [an

unting horn, made of an elephants tooth I ndian (hoes, fmall mo:

ikates, old I ndian habits, fh ields, fs’c. al l made with feathersather ; a yaponej e cu irafs , made of fifh-bones , feveral birds of P aracapone/E knives and fwords , fome of which are poifoned ; an I ndian

:u tioner’

s fword made of wood , wh ich feems better adapted to break

c k than fever the head from the body ; aLap/ander’

s armou r and ma

ums , and feveral I ndian fh ields and javel ins . Here are alfo fiatues

ig as the l ife, dreffed as officers of the ‘I'

i trki/b cou rt, and among th

ac reprefenting the grand fignior fitting in the feragl io ; feveral mufl<

prmerly ufed by the j anizar ies, which are very rich ly inlaid with gcnrkiflo enfigns and horfe tails , a ki/b bow firings, and kettle dru r

artar ian fpurs a fabre and fcabbard enriched with filver wire wonrgets, qu ivers ufed by the Polacks and Heyducks, at the publ ic entry ofrefcnt electoral princefs feveral horfes, finely caparifoncd and adorn'ith gems of th e produce of this country, among which is one fet offitu re, embel l ifhed with yellow topazes ; feveral fabres fet with preciones , with the helmet and fh icld wore by kingAngzfias when he repnted the fun, and the canopy of the wedding coach of the pref

eCtoral princefs wh ich is of red velvet embroidered with gold . Sevc

1irafi'

es of fieel, gilt in the fire, are fhewn here and the cu irafs wh

te eleétor j obn Freder ick had on when he was taken prifoner ; ot

tiraffes and armour be longing to the feveral electors, the armour of

arfe guards with halfcu iraffes, ufed at the laft encampment ; filvcr l

l irafi'

es, and an image of thec leétorAngnflus in the habit he wore wlwent to be crowned king of Poland. The robe is of blue vel

DWCI‘Cd with gold, faced with ermine, and l ined with filver tifi'

ue

own, fceptre, and globe are only fet with falfe fiones . Afiep lower, a1 king Angnflns

’

s left hand, fiands Cbar les X I I . king of Sweden it

lver half-cuirafs, and the czar P eter on his right hand . I n th is aplent are alfo to be feen a greatmany lances formerly ufed for runningte ring ; the iron chain, with which theFr ie/Iand rebels intended to h :reary tbepiour duke of Saxony ; an execu tioner’s (word, by which fourt:undred perfons are faid to have been beheaded ; and the fword w

hich fecretary .Cre/1was beheaded for his Crypto-cal‘cinianifin. On i

do of it are thefe words

D R E S D E N.

CONRADUS POLS

CAVE CALVI NIANE

Beware, Cabrini/I

The lafl: letters unquefl ionably denote the unhappy viéti .

Dr M'

c/Jolas Kr e/I .

I n another apartment are to be feen feveral hunting equ ipagftruments , moft of them fet with faph ires and torquoifes ;hanger, fome.

of the filver from the guard of which a fiafb of

carried off, and fixed on the blade, nothing elfe being damagfcabbard . Olofe by ithangs a powder flaik , the firing ofwhi

in feveral parts to have been finged by lightening, which hcnot fet fire to the powder . Here alfo i s lhewn the horfe an

kingAugn/t’nr, when he received the homage of the nobil ity

both profufely enriched with pearls and d iamonds, and the

P eter tbe Great, at the firft vifit he paid kingAngnflw, when h

fwords and hats with him. The hilt of the Rog/inn monarch’

of brafs with fmal l fieel fi nds : His hat, which is hung up i

room, is fet offwith a button in the fame tafie. When the czarplace.

fome years after, he was very defirou s of prefenting armand hat in lieu of thefe but the king of Poland alfured h it

fhou ld always prefer thefe to any other, as they weremonumtcommencement of their friendfh ip. Here alfo hangs a fwor'

given by the heroic Char les X I I . king of Sweden to a Saxon ofl

had been taken prifoner and Ptript of every thing . Here is l ikc

the electoral Sword carried at the emperor’

s coronation, wit‘

number of other remarkable fwords, daggers, fs’ci Acoftly

fledge furniture, fledges of all kinds, with the bel ls belongingof immenfe value, are alfo fhewn here, with rich habits, equifigures ufed at tournaments ; a fu it of armour for a man and

fteel gilt, on which the labours of Hercules are engraven,Arc/burg for i he elector Cbr i/i ian I . who prefented the artifl:

teen thoufand dollars. Among the other curiofities are lhewn

.fuits of old S ani/IJ armour, fome led horfes with their caparifcwere part of t e cavalcade at the interment of the electors ; te:

worn by Generals at the loft encampment, a half cu irafs of

twenty doubles of red filk clofely fiitched together, which has t

D R E S D E N.

mu lket-proof, and a cu irafs ufed by the electorAugu/lus in tournamThis prince, in fifty-five tournaments atwhich he was prefent, accon

to the cuf’tom of that age, mifcarried only in five . Among the

faddles and bridles, wh ich hang in proper order, are feveral of a

make , which came from France and Eng land. The faddle whicl

longed to the elector Cbr iflian I . is very profufely enriched with l

pearls , and the horfe-fu rnitu re of Cbr i/l ian I I . is almofi covered

garnets . On the pommel of the faddle is a topaz of the fize of a 1

egg . Among the great number of houfings are fixty tygers fkins, fe'

rich fets ofmu le furniture, and an ornament for a horfe fet with redwhite fiones, made in the year 17 19 for king Augu/lus , when, at

tournament in honour of the eleétoral princefs, he reprefented the

and rode on a white horfe. Here are

~

alfo drums, armour, €9’

c. ufed byMoors, a gilt filver cu irafs wore by Cbr ij l ian I . and a great numb:

coats ofmail and fmal l cu iraffes made for young princes ; the portrathe p irate Moro, who offered the duke of Florence his weight in gol ih is ranfom,

but did not obtain it, Cs’c. E‘J’c. C‘J

’c .

I n th is bu ilding over the fiables there are very handfome apartmwhere foreigners of diftinétion are general ly entertained . The gr<

floor contains fl abling for a hundred and th irty horfes . The 1

pillars in the centre are adorned with bafl'

o rel ievo'

s of brafs, and by t

ing a cock in thefe pillars, the {tables are fuppl ied with water fororfes .

Here are alfo kept the eleétoral {late coaches, molt of wh ich 1

made in France. The two of greateftvalue are covered with blue Vn

embroidered with gold . The coach in wh ich the eleétoral princefs en

her publ ic entry is covered with red velvet embroidered with gold infamemanner.

The arfenal is (11 pofed to contain arms for a hundred thoufand r

befides fifteen bundi'ed brafs cannon, among wh ich the field icces

the {mal let} . Two large mortars called Romulus and Remus, which 1

fent hither as a prefent from the eleCtot of Brandenburg , throw boml

five hundred pounds . Two fine p ieces of ordnance caft at Subla , l

lately been brought to this arfenal . Here are alfo to be feen themodecomplete train of artil lery according to the lateft improvements. Arr.

the organ cannons is one confifiing of fixty-four and another c

hundred tubes . That which was ufed before Gr immenfiein confifl

twen fimilar tubes, fix ofwh ich form the loweft row, five the {604four third, three the fourth, and two on the top ; and each

turns feparately every way on a fwivel . Some largeTurki/b cannon,feveral colours and fl andards taken from the Swedes in the laft war

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D R E S D E N .

ll'

t of this fine palace at prefent is pul led down ; and i t i s to be

ely new bu il t in a quadrangu lar form with fou r grand entrances .

c él ion of this expcnfive work is committed to General Bodt, and th

:h iteéts, namely , Popplemann, Long lac and K nevel . The eleganCt

c main entrance is a noble fpecimen of the above-mentioned Genet

il l in arch iteéture . The rooms on the ground floor wil l be twenty 1gh ,

and al l the ornaments are to be of I ndian porcelain . I n the ap .

ents of the f c

cond floor, the h eight of wh ich is to be no lefs tl

irty eight feet, nothing wi l l be admitted but JVI ei/fm porcelain.

is fi ory is to be a gal lery of a hundred and feventy feet in lengrich wil l be ornamented with al l kinds of birds and beafi s, both v

Id tame, made entirely of porcelain , and in their natural colourse . Some of thefe pieces are already finifhed , and cannot be ft

ently admired . Among the figu res of animals , wi l l be placed a g1mber Of vafes and jarrs of d ifferent forts and colou rs ; and that

.rmer may be the more valuable, the mou lds in wh ich thev are 111

e to be immediately brokenfi"The yapane/epalace yields a very del ightful profpeét over the Elbilrefden and the adjacent hil ls ; and probably th is palace is pu lled dc1d rebu ilt on account of its fine fituation .

The gardens are l ikewife to be enlarged two hundred feet fart

w ards the Elbe. The bafou is l ined with marble, and the great m

r of fl atnes defigned for its ornaments are to be of marble and p0'

in . Even the cou rt of the palace is to be paved with marble,rge marble urns are to be placed in the wal ls.

The Turkiflo gardens and palace are fituated in the P lan-j lreet.rft floor of th is palace exh ibits a great many pieces of painting, re;nting the ceremonies u fed in the Turki/b feraglio, with the ba

adiences, C9°c. a profpeét of St. Sopbia’

s chu rch , and feveral habits Viy the Turks in general , but efpecial ly by the great officers of fiate.

1c fecond fiory are the pictures of feveral celebrated Beauties , 1

ave made no l ittle noife at the court of Drcfden, in Turki/b drefi'

es .

Lpef’try hangings and other furnitu re Of this palace are either Turks)

’erfian manufactures ; and feveral tables are here fet off with orieuriofities, as knives made in Tartary , a P l rfian enamelled tea-equ ipi ree vafes of Cor intbian brafs inlaid with gold , a cafe Of leather

roider'

d with gold , in which the Turks ufual ly del iver their creden

t foreign courts, and a large bowl of lapi s nepbr iticus. Th is ftone

The red of the defcription of this new palace is omitted, as the author gives a te

etai l of what furn iture, ornaments, Ur. were defigned only ; for, perhaps, that planvcr put in execution.

D R E S D E N .

a greenifh colour, and coil four thoufand dol lars before

into a cup . This is cal led the welcome, i . e . a cu p to be

ladies on their arrival here ; as a large bowl , made Of a i

faid to have been u fed by the Clown Of Tar tary, is , on fue

prefented to gentlemen . Here are alfo fhewn filvcr-cymbal

the‘a ki/b women general ly dance ; feveral Per/ian fme

Tar/cry]: clocks , and a tobacco-pipe of a vaft length , the he

runs upon two fmal l wheels ; fo that a perfon may fmokcwalk about the room without holding the pipe in h is 1

is a Turki/b invention for the ufe of the ladies . In the hal l

horfe-tail,which was ufed in the late encampment, toge

kind of ereli made of the feathers of the I ndia bird Forais faid to have cof’t no lefs than a thoufand dol lars iThe dutchefs

'

s garden lies near the city-moat, rowan

o/lra , and is famou s for a green-houfe, which contains 1

large laurel-trees

“

; and three hundred orange-trees . Amon

tics here are the I talianAzareli , the canzpbi re-tree, dragon’

s-l

berry-trees , (the fru it of which is much larger than the c.

the coffee-tree, and the tu lip-tree. The two lafl were bl “

from baron Munckbazg/én’

s famou s garden at Scb-webber .

lhewn a fig-tree of that kind , with the leaves Of which it

Adam and Eco covered their nudity .

The menager ie, or l ion-houfe , is in old B re/“

den ; and i

l ions, tygers, porcupines , lynx’

s , a civet eat, a carax, fevc1

and the ichneumon . This creatu re has a long tail and l

faid to be the crocodile’

s i rreconcileable enemy . Here are

leopards , each of wh ich col l two thoufand dollars , wh ichnever propagate, being of a heterogeneous breed : the fire r

i s a l ion, and the dam a tygrefs ; and from the latter it deri

nefs . The baiting-p lace 13 10 contrived , that the doors of

Of the wild-beafts Open into it. I t was looked upon at Vie

fi range ph enomenon , that fome apes kept in the menagerie t

forth young ones this year. I t muff be owned that th is veipens in Europe ; but the menagerie at Drefilcn affords fimI n this part of the city alfo are the magazines for provifionhandfome bu ilding for the company of cadets.

At the king’

s country-feat at Neu/ladt—o/lra are kept fl

flags, wh ich draw in a carriage, and one is ufed for the f:

general ly fet out with great fpirit, but foon flag . Here

feen a large wh ite fl ag , another with two branched horn

the righ t fide of the h ead, and feveral I ndian flags .

I 1501.

D R E S ~D E N.

Befides the king’

s l ibrary, that of count Buna'w is alfo worth fee

[any foreign books of great value are to be found in M . Scbonberg’

ntleman no lofs efl eemed for h is pol itenefs and learning , than fart

r h is travels wh ich perhaps have been cqual l’

d by few .

Not far from the city of Dre/lien, towards P la fwen, {l ands a mil l1tting and polifh ing jafper, wh ich was firft bu i lt by the celebr.

Tfilvirnbauj i’n, and afterwards greatly improved by Bettie/earn . P

tlS mi l l fome cart-loads of Saxon jafper are {til l to be feen ; bu tork i s now total ly d ifcontinu ed , and the mill is made ufe of to pc

oking-glafs . The glaffes are ground in the firft flory, and polifho

e fccond . The water pu ts eight-and-th irty machines in motion ;to or three fmal l glaffcs are placed under feveral of them. The w]

anagement of it requ ires bu t few hands and it is in every refpeét

r contrived than the looking-glafs manu facture at P ar is, where fev

.nds are taken up in pol ifh ing one fingle plate of glafs of any larger

5 wood for fuel is fomething fcarce at Dre/"

den, the glafi'

es are blo

c. at Senftenberg , about five miles from that city . Looking-glafi'

e

nety or a hundred inches in length are now often made . At commiturner

’

s are to be feen, defigns of maps of the eleétoral dominionseAtlas Augufli , which wou ld have been one of the moft pom]ographical works in the whole world, had h is majefl

'

y been p leafe.

.ve permitted the publ ication of it. The fcheme of the whole

rtaking has been inferted by Mr. Hauber , in h is appendix to the bf;

has immortal ized h is name by fevorks in the royal mn/Z’um, is one of the moft ingenious artifi s in

ty . He had fix-and-twenty children by five wives ; and amongeven who are fii l l living he had one (on , a you th of great hopes,cel led in his father

’

s art ; but he died a few years ago. Another of

us is at prefent on h is travels, in order to perfect himfelf in the kn i

dge of gems, enamel , and chafing . When the czar Peter tbeGreat

Dre/den in 1712 , h is majef’ty chofe to lodge with Ding linger ; v

hofe ingeniou s contrivances in h is little box, he was fo pleafed that

dered a model of it in wood to be made, and fent it to Rnfia ,rfeét fpecimen of a commodiou s dwel ling houfe . On the top of i

cifi ern,which one man

,by means of a machine placed below in

tl‘d , fills with water in a very fhort time ; and from this refervoir

ater is d ifl ributed al l over the houfe . On the flair-cafe at every lanc

ere is a brafs cock with two leathern buckets, fo that in cafe of

ere is water at hand to be carried into any part of the houfe whet

ay he wanted . The leads on the top of the koufe ferve alfo for an°

vatory and a complete col lection of telefcopes and mathematicalfirumt

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D R E S D E N.

breadth three and a half. The fi rings on one fide of the infl rumc

of cat-gut, and on the other of {feel wire. The expence of keepin repair amounts to near a hundred dol lars a year , for i t has no ].n a h undred and eighty five fi rings ; and the found of i t is fo lctt it is fit only for very large rooms .

The bridge over the Elbe, which joins the old to new Drefilen, l:n late ly enlarged and repaired , with fo many add itional ornaments t]n ay be faid to be the finc in al l Europe. p cak of bridges 0‘

go rivers ; and indeed many elegant fmail bridges , as that over I

ier near the cafl lc of St. Angelo at Rome, cannot come in competitith it . The length of this bridge i s fix hundred and eighty five co.

in paces, and the breadth fixtcen or feventeen foch paces, including 1fed foot-way on both fidcs .+ There are feveral round projections wts in them on each fidc of the bridge, and a fine iron balafl radeng. On the fifth pilafier on the right hand , in coming fl ow: the ny to the old , the arms of Poland and Saxony are neatly cut in ftone ; tifupported by two fi atues reprefenting Poland and Saxony . Oppo:

thefe a bronze equefi rian flame of the prefcnt king is to be erect

tich at prefcnt fiands under cover in the Z-winger gallery.

Under a brafs crucifix ereéted on this bridge, in the year 1679, by 1

flor j ob) : George I I . is the fol lowing infcription : j ob. Georg . I I . I

Elec‘

t‘or Saxoniee, S . R . I . P r inceps, bane Cbr ij l i Seroator is Patiet

‘uam remoto omni j aper/i it Adorationis cultu , Cs

"a

’fernu' memor ize g relinifque pr reter euntium in redemtorem gener is bumani prouoeandm ca

C.Anna Sal . MDCLXXIX . This fl utue of our crucified Saviour:reéted by j ohn George I I . duke and eleCtor of Saxony, not as an Obj)f fuperftitiou s worfh ip , but in order to excite in thof e who pafs byternal and gratefu l remembrance of the mercifu l redeemer of m;

tind, in the year

ts l. fieri ing.

This bridge by the late alteration has lofl in length'

what it has acqu ired in beautylance. I t formerly confili ed of fou r and twenty pi luli ers or peers , on wh ich the on

cd and the length of it was eigh t hundred paces . At that time i t was j u i l ly Obfer

t Rati/ban bridge was the fincfi , that of Prague the fl tongc ff, but that o f Drefilen

gelt brid e in Germany ; whereas now, that of Prague I S the longcfi , and that ofDre

fineft. t reaches to Georgenburg , and is adorned with a p iece o f pa inting cal led de:

me, in wh ch duke George permitted h imfc lf to be reprefented . On this bridge is a ch

lics tcd to St.Alexis, whole canonization is founded on no other grounds, than that f

: xccfs of chali i ty he privately fi ole away from his br ide without ever returning to

te words remoto omu i fieperj l itiofar adorationis calm, in the infcri ption under the bu ds

x, were infertcd at the repeated fo l ici ta tton ofMr. Cer ier chapla in to the king.

Th is crucifix, wh ich is nine el ls in height, was in the year 1732. removed to the ptointed for the above-mentioned equefi rian fi atue of king Aug ie/Ins l l . I nfiead of the

: r iption, al l that is now legible on it are the fol lowing words cut in the rock on wl

cxucxl ix fi ands

D R E S D E N.

For themore conven ient intercourfe between the towns , a 1

been bu i lt on the newDr tj ilen tide, near the old one ; and c

towards the old town pafs through the old gate, keepinghand fide of the bridge ; and al l that come towards new

on the other fide, and pafs thro’

the new gate . By obfer

al l ftOppages and quarre ls are prevented . This bridge cor

teen arches and over every pier are fou r pedeftals , withevery pedeftal . I t is alfo very beau tifu l ly il luminated at ni

The court of Dre/Elm, in h is prefent majelty’

s time, ha

d i li ingu ifh ed for its fplendor . Reprefentations of al l th

tou rnaments, public entries , fi e. where the king has d ifpln ificence , are to be engraved on copper

-plates ; the CXPCI

wi l l come but l ittle fhort of two hu ndred thoufand dol lars

fine prints are intended only for prefents to fovereign princr

of the h igheft rank . I t may eafily be imagined , that th<

which was made this year at Mala/[mg wil l not be omitted ,of it is faid to have exceeded fivemil l ions ofdol lars .1

~ And tlarticles , fome idea may be formed of the eXpences of the

it is faid that no lefs than five hundred new beds , with ta

were made up on that occafion . I f to th is magnificence,

a great deal of money ou t of the country , be added the

the Poll/b war, when the Swedes raifed above twenty-for

dol lars by contribu tions on the inhabitants of Cour/and, itconceived how great this prince wou ld be, if by peace,h is eXpences , and eafy taxes, he wou ld fi ndy to rel ieve h isthey might chearfu l ly apply themfelves to the promotionmanufactures, for which Saxony wants neither a fituati t

materials .

Befides the great increafe of al l kinds of grain, hops, at

of the earth , in th is country , . the mines have for a longin a confiderable revenue to the fovere ign . This is paicertain proportions of tin, lead, copper, iron, filver, ant

[Ere fudir,Fr ider . Angle/7.

Rex

Orna'm'

t £3

Lapide

fulylmm'

t.

Fi t-fl cal!in brats by order of the eleétor7d» : GeorgeH. decorated and

pedeftal by h is prefcnt majefly king Freder ickAugu/im.

’

fierl ing. 1 1. fietl ing. 1

D R E S D E N.

f minerals, which might have been a foundation for very beneftanufaétures . Tin and latten are made in feveral parts

nt to Hamburg , and brafs atAnerbaeb. Su lphur is fou

1d Grunbayn ; al lum at Belgern, Sebwenzfal , Sobmiedeberg and 1

and vitriol at l'

efi'

nbade. A fine blue colour i s mad :

abolt, with a mixture of arfenic , quartz, or a kind of flint and po

Sobneeberg Wa ldkz’

reben,A’

t

'

ederfibemma and Zj lslaopentba l Let}noted for gold and filver lace, and rich fl u ffs . A Cinnabar-mineen d ifcovered near Zittau . Mention has already been made ofarls gather

'

d in the Elfler . According to P eter Albinm, in h is Iburg , Chron. tit. 16 . j ob) : Freder ick, eleCtor of Saxony ,chain of gold made out of gold duft that was gathered out of the J

ar‘Torgau . I t weighed fifteen marks and a Gold dufi has

en found in theMaldaw . Veins of cornel ian have been lately d ifcovcMegfin ; and the hyacinth , agate , amethyfi , porphyry, topaz ; ar

nd of (tone in‘

which is to be found jafper, chalcedony and amethylt,i bere, might be turned to better account than they have been h itheJere I mufi take notice of a kind of agate, with veins of filver in

und in a rbck near Georgen-fiadt, a fpecimen of which may be fee l

tunfel lorTr ier’

s col leé’tion of {hells and minerals atDre/den . The difir

Annaberg ,Zoblitz, Stalpen, Fr berg , Crotendorf;Kalobgrun, Scbneeb.

axen, P lauen, Keicbenbaeb, Bzfindwfi ”f iederan, an(1Z 103okay abor

various kinds offinemarble . Blood-{tone is found in the I rrgang mi

ar Auerbaeb, and magnet or load-{tone near Ebrenj riederfdob'war tzenberg , Eibenfioek and Brei tenbrunnen. Serpentine {tone is l

at Zobl itz, and fine flate atMaxen, IVefin/lein, Scbonberg and Zwon

ut of the qu arry of the lad -mentioned place, not many years fit

as dug up a flate two-and-twenty el ls long, and one el l broad ,

hich a handfome table was made.

The quarries of Cbenmitz, w z'

ebau , Roeblz'

tz, Liebetbal and Pi

ford fuch excel lent free-flone, that great quanti ties are exported do

e Elbe, and even as far as Copenbagen, and ufed for the royal bui ldiere. The glafs manufaCtories at Dre/

”

den, P ref/ob and Por/bben/e in a very fiourilh ing condition .

The Drefden, or rather Meij en, porcelain is famous all over EuropeA great trade is carried on in wood and timber at Gr imma , fr

hence a vaft quantity of boards, chefts , boxes, 69°

C. are exported do

Elbe to Hamburg . Agreat quantity of paper is alfo made

: ial ly atDre/den, Zwiekau , Pforta , Freyberg , Kz'

robberg , Tannenb

d Luntzenau, and exported the fame way . Liebemoerda , Dzfl olt

A mark is 9oz. 12 time. Troy weight.

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P I L LN I TZ, P I RNA, and KON I GSTE I J

L E T T E R LXXXVI I .

tefcription of the king’

s country feat or palace at P i lln

the fort Konigflez’

n, and his majefiy’

s hunting feat

I fnbergfiarg .

S I R,

rORT Konigfiein is fo famous for its uncommon fituation,when I was atDrcfden I cou ld not forbear making an excur

u ther . The royal palace of P i llni tz, wh ich is a German mile 1

on the other fide of the E lbe, l ies bu t a l ittle way out of

lrcét road to it. This aiace {lands in a pleafant country ; and Vt

te eleétoral family are t ere, Treek-febayts, or boats drawn by ho

l i ly pafs and repafs from Dre/den to P i llnitz. I n the new bu ilt paz

tis palace are a great number of portraits of the .celebrated beau tie

court of Saxony ; amongwhom the countefs of Orzelfla is not or

as but is drawn in a man 5 habit in feveral pieces .

About a German mile from P i llnitz l ies P irna . The caftle of Son

in in that town is a kind of Rate prifon for perfons of difiinéfion,not remarkable either for its arch iteéture or fortifications.

ighbourin country affords a very fine fort of white fand and 1

me, whio are carried down the Elbe toDrefden, Torgau , See.

The difiance from P irna to Konig/i‘ein is a long German mile

thout a written order from the governor of Dre/den, no perfon is

itted into this fort. I t fiands on a rock, which is cut (0 fieep thD uite dicu lar and the fort in man laces has ro

'

eétmgns, vehigin

command the fides of the tibfk. The

pagent

trds Dre/Hen is the leaft difficu lt ; but it is wel l fortified and plat

ith three batteries of cannon . Wood and other necefl'

aries are l iftetthe fort b the help of cranes. The garrifon confifts only of a 11

ed and fi men ; but, on the ma alarm from the governor,ighbouring villages are obl iged to furnifh fome hundreds more.

"

.I

ace, however firong, is not fufii cient for covering the country, or

aying the enemy : this was evident in the irruption of the Swedes, t

fer-ran al l Saxony without ever being in£ofi

'

efiion of Konigj lein.

ay be indeed of great fervice for feenring e archives and other thi

value in any dangerous emergency, l ike the caf’tle of Hobentwie

About four Engbj/bmiles. 1'About fiveEnnbmiles.

K O N I G’

S T E I N.

the dutchy of Wartemberg , which {l ands on a much higher

qu ite feparated from the reft of the duke’

s territories . Kan

ways flocked with provifions for fix-and-twenty years ; amof it is a large green area, a wood, and feveral gardens, in

are eight-and-thirty different kinds of fa u lt and fru it trees.half an hour to walk round the ramparts ; and . travel lers

lh ewn the place fromwh ich a {hoe-maker, now l iving in Da ch ild , fell down the rock without receiving any hurt.

place is an infeription on a ftone, dated the 1d of March 17memoration of one Clettenberg

’

s execution, who was beheafpot for a murder he had committed at Francbfort, and for

miftical frauds . The fortrefs is provided with fine cifte

ponds, as refervoirs for the fnow and rain-water and in the

kinds of fifh for the governor’

s ufe. The waterwhich

is drawn up by a wheel from a well nine hundredThe finking of this well was a work of forty years, befor

quantity of water could be obtained , which is at prefentdeep . I obferved , that when a pitcher of water was pourt

wel l , it was exaCtly forty-five feconds before it reached t

the water in the wel l . I t is always kept very clean, and in

for th is end general Kya‘w,‘ t

'ho’

he was no water-drinker,machine for letting down workmen to the bottom of the

General has alfo perpetuated his memory by the large winewas begun at Konigj iein in the year 1722 , wh ile he was 0*

and fini lh ed in the year 172 5 . The length of th is caseDre/den el ls, and its diameter at the bung is twelve el ls. I

hundred and fifty-feven fiaves, which are eight inches thie.

four boards for the heads, fix-and-twenty for one, and

for the other. Each head wei hs above feventy-feven bu t

and a half. This call : was fi led with fix thoufand qu inMeij i? ) wine, wh ich coft above forty thoufand dol lars re

quart of wine only at fou r groj bens i I t holds three the

hundred and nine hogfheads of Dre/den meafure, beingand nine hoglheads more than filled the former vefi

'

el .

made, the tun of Heidelberg was reckon’

d the largefi in the

accordin to the computation current here, this of Konigyfix hundred and forty-nine hogtheads more than that 0Upon one head of th is call : is the folllowing infeription

Kyaw, l ieutenant-general of foot, was eveg'where known for his jet

the unoonu olable l ieentioufaefs of his tongue. d ied in the beginning 0

a l ittle before king d awns l l .

1' 6000 l. ilerltng. 1: 3 d. 1 il erl in

5 2

K O N I G S TE I N.

SALVE VIATORATQUE M I RAREMONVMENTVMBONO GEN I O

AD RECREANDAMMODlCE MENTEM

PO S I TVM A. R . S . MDCCXXV.

A PATRE PATR IAENO STRAE AETAT I S T I TO VESPAS IANO

DEL I C I I S GENER I S HVMAN I

FR I DER I CO AUGU STOPOL. REGE ET ELECTORE SAX .

B I BE ERGO I N HONOREM ET PATR I SET PATR IAE ET DOMVS AVGVSTAE

ET KOEN I GST . PRAEFECT IL I B. BAR . DE KYAV

ET S I PRO D I GN I TATE VAS I SDOLI ORVM OMN IVM

FAC I LE PR I NC I P I S VALESI N PRO SPER I TATEMTOT I VS VNI VERS I

VALE..

Welcome, traveller, and admire th is monument, dedicated to ftvity, in order to exh ilarate the mind with a chearful glafs, in the 3172 5 , by Freder ickAug ie/Ins, king of P oland and eleé

’tor of Saxony ,

father of his country, the Ti tus of hi s age, the delight of mankiTherefore drink to the health of the foverei n, the country, the e

toral fami ly, and baron Kyaw, governor o Konig/lein ; and if tl

art able, according to the dignity of this cafk, the molt capaciou :

al l calks, drink to the profperity of the whole univerfe : and fo f:

wel .’

The top of the cafk is railed in, and affords room for fifteen or twerfons to regale themfelves. There are alfo feveral kinds of toe/e.

1ps, which are offer’

d to thofe who delight in fuch honours . I n

vn myfelf at a lofs what anfwer to give to a quefiion often put

reigners, namely, Why the Germans feem to place foch great hon l

calks of a prodigious fize ? But th is I mayventure to fay, that ext

'

e drinking is in a great meafure left 0 in feveral courts and ot'

aces in Germany ; and that I'

have been converfant with other natio

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M E I S S E N, are.

ller is in no danger of lofing his way, at every quarter of a mile,ry commendable one. Thefe p.ilars are of feveral fizes . The largereéted at the gates of the cities, and (how the difiances from D.

1 to themolt noted towns to which that road leads ..The pillars n

thefe in largenefs indicate the whole miles or two hours journme mile is two thoufand rods, each rod being computed at eightD.

1 el ls, and is the d ifiance from one poft-fiage to another . The tk

'

t of p il lars , wh ich are {til l lefs , fhews the d iltance to the nea

ge or town and thefe are met with every half mile, or hour’

s joy, the hour being a thoufand roil s . Laftly, betwixt the mileIf mile il lats are placed the fmal left fort, at the difiance of cv

arter o a mile, or half hour'

s jou rney. Whether fuch pil lars,Ie-fiones, were in ufe among the ancients, is difcufl

‘

ed by Scbramm.

h is Saxonia Monumenti s Viarum i lluj i rata , publifhed in quarto inar 1726 . Cbrgfiian V. king of Denmark, in the year 1692 , can

le-ftones to be fet up in Zeland and Finnen, under the d irectionRomer , an able engineer.

I n the cathedral at Meifl'

en are the monuments of feveral bifhc

tower of this church, and the fpire on the top of it, is bu ilt sone. On the hi h altar fl and the fl ames of threemargraves ofMei]mely, Dede, bimo, and Conrad, re refented in the charafter of

tern magi bringing gifts to the infant j c/ies ; and a great numbermks, furrounding the brazen ferpent in themiddle choir, reprefen.ny ecclefiafiics who l ived at that time.

The bridge over the Elbe is fupported by {tone piers ; but the uprt is of wood . I t is obferved , as a mai ler-piece of art, that a fi n

>oden peg keeps together the middle arch , which is feventy-five pa

de. Th is bridge was bu ilt in the yearAt the cafile ofM ed ic/burg , which (l ands on an eminence, is {he3 chamber in which the unfortunate yobn-Frederick, duke of Sortba

, lodged in his way to Vienna , where he was carried after he 1

zen prifoner

The country here abouts produces a good fort ofwine ; but of alleifl ’n wines , that of Torgau is the moftefieemed .

From Maj en toWermfdorf are four computed German miles amIf. The firft flage is at Staucbitz, a mile and a quarter from Meg]rte hunting feat built at Wermfdorj for the eleCtoral prince, i s cal"err/60 g , and ftands in a pleafant country. Molt of the ornamelof th is palace relate to hunting . Betwixt each (tal l in the ftablcg’

s head with the horns on is nailed up. The vanes for (bowinging of the wind , reprefent flags infiead of cocks . Even on the alt

cc of the chapel St. Hubert is reprefented in the chace, and r

L E I P S I C’

K.

by a fl ag with the crucifix on his head . The original , 01

p iece is a copy, was painted byAlbert Durer , and is in the pot

learned baron Scbonberg , whom I have had occafion to me:Not a few families in P icardy , Artois and Flanders, boaft c

defcendants of St. Hubert ; and that by virtue of fuch relat’

invell ed with the gift of cu ring perfons bit by a mad dog .

1649, one of thefe pretenders actual ly obtained a patent frc

ofFrance, with the approbation of feveral bifhoPs, for the ex

miracu lous power ; as may be feen in Fi/Z’n’

s Hij ior ia Ecclefol . 18 3 . Memoi res de Madame la Guette , p . 276 . 85C . and in 1

Cr itique des P ratiques j uper/l itieu/es , T. I . Notwitl'

Hubert'

s fanétity, hunters are reprefented in a very bad l ight ilaw : Can. qui venator 2 , D ifl . 86 . it is faid , Qui tvenator ibus

bomini douant, fid arti nequifiimee Theywho give aims to

not rel ieve their fel low creature, but encou rage a moft 1

fefiion .

’ And in Can Efau Di/l . 86 . Ejau venator erat, uon

erat . Et penitus non imien:mus in Scr iptur is Sanfi isfanblvenatorem, pifiatores in‘venimus j anfl os. Efau was a hunter,was a firmer ; and in al l the holy Scriptures We do not finc

of any piety whowas a hunter ; butmany of the faints wereThe difiance from Wermfdorf to Wurtzen is two German

three more from the latter to Leipj ick. A l ittle beyond }croffed the Muldaw. This river by its frequent inundationsdamages to the adjacent country .

I am, fine.

Leipfick, Ofl ober 29, 1730 .

L E T T E R LXXXVI I I .

Account of Leip/icb and Hal/e.

S I R,

LE I PS I CK, both on account of its trade and univerfity, ifamou s through all Europe. The civil ity and pol itenefs r

bitants, its elegant bu ildings, and the del ightfu l gardens wiis furrounded make it ap ear fuperior to many capital cities .

fend you the names of t e profefl'

ors from Vienna , P ragur

Roman cathol ic univerfities ; and I fhal l , tho’

from qu ite ditives, alfo omit them here. As to the former, I had little

L E I P S I C K.

i ll my letters with the names ofobfcu re perfons, which probably vr continue fo and here I am fcrupu lous of fwel l ing my letter winames and account of the writings of perfons who are already w

>wn throughou t the learned world .

The univerli ty-l ibrary is in the Colleg ium P aulinum, and confifl s

ut twelve thoufand volumes , fix thoufand of which are fol io’

s . T

alogue of the manufcripts has long fi nce been publ ifhed by Fell

e molt remarkable among thefe are Genefius'

s Byzantine bi llory, frtemperor LeoArmenus, to the death of BafiliusMacedo and j

‘

o/epbarifh wars, both in Greek ; alfo the Greek epiltles ofHermogenes,Apbtls and Synej ius . Here alfo is Dr . Meyer

’

s col lection of all the writi t

.ting to yew/b fynagogues . Under a portrait in this library, I obfcrvfe words : Cbr i/lopborus P reibi/ius, Sprota-Si lefius Hic mortales r

L ipfien/és pr imus exemplo j uo memento quzfqui sd j is bomb . Cln'

e

'

j t‘

opber P reibis , a native of Si lefia — who by I

wn example firlt demonfl rated that the profefi'

ors of the univerfityeipfick were mortal Therefore reader, whoever thou art, rememlrat thou art a man.

Among the”

old printed books are the con/titutions of St. Clement,volumes in fol io, printed by j ‘obn Fauj i and P eter Scboifiber

~nj beim in 1460, and 7a/tinian

’

s I nfl itu tions in fol io, printed in the yr38 . Th is l ibrary is open , for the ufe of the public, from ten

lve, on kVednefdays and SaturdaysOn the fame days, but in the afternoon, free accefs is al lowed to t

gifirates l ibrary, wh ich confifis of above twenty five thoufand v

nes . I n th is l ibrary are many valuable pri nted books , as the Vulg.

nted at Venice in 148 3 , an I ta lian verfion of the bible, at Venice

77 ; a German tranflation of the fame at Nurenberg , 1483 , and ar

:r in Low Dutcb, at Halber/tadt 152 3 the new teftament printedchment in 1523 , St.Matt/Jew and j obn

’

s gofpels in the Formoj an laage, and St. Luke in the Malayan, and many other valuable orien3ks . Here is alfo a confiderable number of manufcripts ; amo

rich I mu ll not omit the Onoma/ticumHi/i'or icum written by aDomi .

zmonk of P i rna , about the beginning of the fixteenth century ; tronicon Scbwarzaben/é from P rocas king of theAlbanians to the yr

26 and Petr i de ‘vinci s Epi/tola Krenzbeimi i Opus Cbronologicum,

car 1596 a Hebrew MSS. containing the P entateucb, the bookat the fong of Solomon, and the beginning of the book of Efibrich is allowed by the j aws themfelves to be fix hundred years 01Latin bible written on vel lum in the year 1273 , and feveral copiesAlcoran, very curioufly written . Here is alfo fhewn a Turki/b flbribed with Arabic fentences, prayers and benediétions, befides feve

mathemati

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L E I P S I C’

K.

icu s

Serenfimi 69”Patentflimi . P r incipis. ac Domini

Dn. FR IDERI CI . AUGUSTIPoloniarum. Regis . ac. E leblor i s . Saxoni te. S . R . Imperei

Patr is. P atr ice. P i i . Clementis . Forti s. Magnemimi

B ibl iotbecam banc

Ab. H ulder ico Gro/io pro fing ular i . qzeo.fi rebatur

ad. j u'vandas

L iteras amore. ultimo elogio. pr imumfundatamPct/1. cemula

”

. aliaram liberalitate. quin C5 j ua'

baud. mediocr i

Impen/Zi . aué'

t'

am. inflruttam ne quid. urbis

Honor i deeflétBoner . Menti Lubens dedica'

vit P ublicis que

V/ibas. aperuitSenatus L ipfienfis

Abrabamo Cbr i/lopboro P lazio. 7CTO. Tertium. Can/itle

Under the aufpices of the moftferenc prince our fovereign Fred:

Aug ie/lus , king of Poland and eleétor of Saxony , vicar of the I

Roman empire, father of hi s country, the p ious, the mercifu l ,brave, the magnanimous, this l ibrary, wh ich was firfl founded

Hulder ick Graj i , out of a generous d ifpofition to promote learningknowledge, and afterwards increafed by the emu lous l iberality ofotat no fmal l exPence, was with the h igheft pleafure ded icated to l itture, and Opened for the ufe of the Publ ic by the citizen:

on the sth day of Augu/i 171 1, that nothing mightwanting to the honour of the city .

’

Dr .Pezold, profeffor ofchymifiry , has a col leétion offeveral fkinsoff.

animals ftufi'

ed , and dried birds and infects invefled with fufed amber,the latter is not comparable in hardnefs or tranfparency to the natural

it has a large addition ofan oily menftruum, halfofwhich boils away,requ iresfive days, or longer, to indurate .Dr.Kerkereng ofHamburg, aflir

-L E I P S I C K.

that he cou ld inclofe a whole foetus in amber wh ich lhould retai

lour , fhape, €9°

c. I have often wondered that no attempt has be

to inclofe the bodies of adu lts in th is faétitiorrs amber , as fuch

rent tombs wou ld be very proper for perfons eminent for their lbeau ty .

Mi . Rz'

cbter the bankeg has a very cu riou s col lcétion , efper

minerals . But Mr. L inck’

s excel lent col leétion of the animal ,

and vegetable kingdoms deferves particu lar notice The owner 1

at the pains of writing an accurate defcription of it, wh ich is inDr . Kanold

'

s appendix to his M efi'

ograpbia ; but th is treafure o

curiofities is greatly increafed fince that account was publifhed ,add itions are made to it. The animal clafs takes up eight hundr<filled with al l kind ofcreatures preferved in a balfamick fpirit : Arrthefe areAmer ican ferpents Tonquincfi fiying cats and rats ; a fms

roebuck, crocodiles ; fix fpecies of apes ; a great number of l izzfcorpions ; a cameleon tortoifes, Eaj Z-I ndia fifhes , C

‘J’c.

Here is a fpeci es of Sur inam frogs cal led pipal , from the bac

of wh ich its young are plainly feen partly excluded bu t on ti

the cellulee or oenla are clofed . Here are alfo human embryo’

s of

fizes , a child with a face refembl ing that of a l ion , born at

and the lkeleton of a child of fix months . The concbylia and fl

up betwixt ninety and a hundred glafs cafes among thefe are ti

of fea l i ars, in an exact defcription , ofwhich Mr. Linck has bc

time,engaged , and for that end has caufed feveral copper-plat

engraved . Fifteen glafs cafes are fu ll of al l kinds of fen-crabs

five are taken up by gnats , flies , wafps, butterflies and other

and four cafes of al l kinds of ecbina mar inee; Arat with five hr

a caputMedte/Ee, were both brought fromThemineral clafs, confifl ing of petrefied fhells, fifhes , plants,

crabs, fie/lee mar ina , See . wh ich may alfo be partly claffed an

animal and partly among the vegetable petrefaétions, takes up a

and thirty glafs cafes .

Among thefe are the fol lowing cu riofities, v iz. a petrefied birrhalf the head of an elephant petrefied, which was dug up in

with a very large tooth in it ; and a block of ilate {lone weighir

four pounds, (defcribed in theAtri a EruditorumLip]: 17 18 , Men

Alike curious petrefaél ion, inwhich are five wh ite eggs al fo petrefied, was

Kindenbruck, in Thur ingen ; and near Land/prefix, in the dutchy of Carniola .

Va lve/2:1 found among a great number of fea-fhells, a l ittle bird fi tting upo

petrefied and adhering together. VideValvaj or’

s Honour ofthe dutchy ofCarniolc . 2. p.

L E I P S I C K.

wh ich is inclofed the complete lkeleton of a crocodile, exceptir.ece of the head which i s wanting . Th is extraordinary petrefaéas brought from Sub/a . I n the year 17 18 , another much refembwas found ln Eng land, and 15 now kept 1n the Royal Society 3 mayLondon. But 111 both thefe lkeletons the bones of the legs appea

1c, much too long for fuch an animal as a crocodile. I n the tr

:tions of the Royal Society at Ber lin is a c0pper-plate reprefentin

:trefied crocodile kept 111 the cabinet of Dr . Spi ,ner phyfic ian to

ru tanmajefty .

Mr . Linck has alfo a hundred cafes fu ll of ores, glebes , f1lt al 1

uber, terrafig i llata , talc , amiantbus , top/ous, quartz, (a kind of flin

hich fometimes are found veins of gold ) cryfial , alabafler, mar

.lcedony, agate, jafper, and oriental gems . Among the lafi are tl

arls , valued at twelve thoufand dollars .1~ Among the vegetable 1

e the fol lowing : Avery large berbarum v ivum, and exotic roots

ign and domefl ick fpecies of wood , with barks and feeds of trc

1i ts, fpices , gums , corals, fea weeds, fs’c.

Among the artificial curiofities are microfcopes, burning glad'

es,

meavemirrours ; curious goblets call by the celebrated chymifl Kaneing a mixture of feveral metals, 8 c.

The exchange is an elegant bu ilding, and the ciel ing of the g1115 very wel l painted . TheAppel gardens are planted with a g1mber of yew

-trees, and adorned with fl atues, water-works, and cana firuéture in this garden is carried on a manufactory of gold and fifue, velvet, C‘i c.

TheBofen gardens are very large, but are not laid out with that fymr

I and beauty which appears in theAppel gardens . However, here

1e orangerie and m a pavil ion, adorned with fome paintings , are ten a numerous colleétion of curiofities in the animal and botanic kims. I n an inclofure within the garden are kept fome fm

'

al l wl

1gs of a difl’erent fpecies from the common deer, as appears by tl

rns .

Leipfickfignifies a grove of l inden trees, being derived from the anci

1rd Leipo a l inden tree. Al l the neighbouring country is very plea!d wel l cu ltivated . I ts fertil ity draws h ither mu ltitudes of larks, whvery fat, and have a delicate flavour , fo that the Leipfick larks areru s all overGermany . The excife on thefe birds produces fix thouf:

llars a year to the city. But it is not only here that they are taker

I"

18001. flerl ing.

l About 9001. fiet l ing

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H A L L E .

rl t, was to dig up a kind of black faline earth near the fea-fhore,u rn it to a coal ; wh ich being wel l walh ed by throwing water upor

roduccd good white fal t. What was thu s prcp l rcd l rom the abr

16ntioned faline earth was cal led zz°

lt he whole procel

prefented in a piece of painting, wh ich is about nine feet by three'hich I met with feveral cop ies in the and particu larl

te celebrated Mr. Relaizd'

s at (Bree/st. Th is tediou s method of

it has been‘

whol ly laid ali de, fince fuch plenty of hymn/b and Po

nej e fea-falt has been imported, wh ich is boi led and refined at a ti

xpence.

There are fou r rich fal t fprings at H alle, from wh ich the watc

1ken and boiled abou t fix hours ; and for this pu rpofe pit-coal wettcery ferv iccable , as wood is fa rms in th is country . Tne new regons made in the falt-works at I f al le with in th is centu ry , and h is P ru1ajefty

'

s order for boiling the j ulze in a particu lar fort of pans, are

nown .

The magiftrates l ibrary atHalle is kept in v‘

ery good order, and is c

:veral days in the week for the ufe of the profeflhrs and ll udents of

niVerfity. Here is to be feen a book,entitled Leonardi a

'

e Vtino 1

zones aurei de Sanfl is, publi lhed in the year 1446, withou t the 11

f the place where it was printed .

The noble foundation of the orphan-houfe in th is city has been

1bje£t of many jufl encomiums and it is certainly an infl itution wlocs honour to the prefent age in general , and to the Protef’tant reli;1 particu lar. I t were to be wifhed , however, that in regard to

oé‘crines of Chrifl ianity, the fcholars might be al lowed to d ifl

’

ent ;

1at al l rel igiou s compu lfion, or making them Chriftians by confl r

nd againft theirWl l l , were exploded , as it tends on ly to promote h}rify, and a prophanation ofthe moftfacred truths . I n the univerfity l ib

re to be feen a great number ofGreek and Reg/jinn books ; and more

for ercorarent candida o u'ia ereta ubi a/em are a reium neemar itimum baberent,

gibujj

'dam ligni s combu/t‘isf‘

e

fla

-

rbonibus fol/is {1m eo wig-

tar . hen I led the ar'

rhjy

Tran/alpine Gaul , on this fide the Rhine, I palfed thro’

fome countries which pror

neither v ines, o l ives, nor apples : where they manured the lands with white foll i le c

and where, hav inor nei ther fea nor rock falt, they make u fe of the fal ine charcoal ol

tain kinds of wood, which they burn for that pu rpofe.

’

But I very much quell ion,er the nations Var ro fpealrs of d id not boi l the fal ine charcoal , infl ead of ufing it wi

ry farther preparation.

I Vida Lemnius [l l amas Zi r izeci in occultis nat. mi r . L. 3 . c. 9, p. 340. Hadr .

latav . p. 278 . I n feveral parts on the fea-coali ofEngland, it was l ikewife ufua l to t

D great heaps of fand, wh ich were continual ly wetted w ith .the fen-water. The

111g exhaled by the fun, left the fand impregnated wrth a great quantity of £ 111, whi t }

terwards refined by bo1l ing.

E I S L E B E JV. “

[abar manufcripts, written on palm-leaves, than any l ibrary in }fhow. I t is fome years fince a col lection has been begun herious cu riofities, among wh ich are many of the natural kind , lthe fea-coafts ; as alfo all kinds of minera ls, the materia medi

a forcerer’

s drum, 650. I n a particu lar clofet are feen a reprefe

the two folar fyfiems of Tye/so and Copernicus, with al l the vi!Each of thefe armil lary fpheres is ten feet in d iameter : the wfieel and wire, and is gilt in fome parts . The maker is IV

minifter of St. Ulr ic/J’

s church in this city ; who alfo made th

bernacle to be feen here, and the reprefentation of the city ofwith the adjacent country .

The fronts of al l the houfes in Halle are . by the king'

s Ot'dCl

yel low ; wh ich , by real'

on of the cheapnefs of the oker, is

(mall expence ; but this is no great ornament to the city

Halle, Nov .4, 1730 .

L E T T E R LXXX IX .

j ourney from Ha l le to EzL/Zeéen , and from thence

Merfiéurg , f end , Weymar , Erfur t, Gotba and ti

of Thur ingen to Coéu rg .

S I R,

defire of acqu iring fome further knowledge in meta?to go fromHalle to Ef/Ieben, where the copper

-wor

the late war which lafted th irty years , were in fuch good

that in the country between Effleben and Mansf ield there wet

thirty {melting-houfes ; which general ly produced above a thou

of copper in a year ; and every ton contained near two hundrof filver. And tho’

at prefent there are feveral good fhafts t

with water, and the ore is not fo rich in copper, nor does

h'

filver as it didformerly, yet thefemines turn togood aceondug out of the Ei/leoen mines are often found the figure

: ial ly herrings, perches, and pikes , imprefied . Bu t fome

5 have gone fo far , as to difcover the portrait of Lutbez

as found there ; which certainly no more confirms the trutthan the image of the pope or fome other figu re, ag

Rome-Yb tenets , pretended to be found on marble or g

l the efiabl ifhment of Popery . E li/Men is Luz

‘ber’

s n

among fome other rel icks of that famou s Reformer,

lite-ad on which he lay is lh ewn there . This is faid to b“d inary virtue, that whoever carries a bit of it abou t h im,

oubled with the head -ach and a tooth-picker made

: ures a perfon from the tootlp ach . The Swedes, who

Fbeing thought the genu ine fons of Lat/oer, carried awe

faid to be cu t from th is bedfiead and a table that belongt

wou ld have made feveral tables and bedfteads . Asat fatisfac

’

tion,fo it yielded no fmal l profit to thofe

'

e rel icks for a very fmai l part of the gratu ities they gct was fufii cient to buy foch another lucrative bedftead .

-the Pagans, but molt other religious feets , have theirl, by the veneration they entertain for them, theyatried to a fuperfiitious adoration of fuch trompery . H

ifr'

erence is obfervable, that in fome fyftems of rel igionration for reliques has been approved of, reached up,the fpiri tual guides ; whereas the clergy of

Pother feets 1

id inveighed againft foch practices, and ufed all their en

ng th e ir flocks from thefe errors .

onl ifiu rial chamber at 3 :71am is fhewn a print of Lu

d to have been wonderfu l ly preferved in a fire that happi

On one fide of it are thefe verfes

no certain account of the origin of mines in Germany . They feem to

m in the reign of the emperor Henry rbefawler , or rather of01120 thegre.Meibom

’

s Drfl: de meta l/ifadinarum Harzicarmn pr ima or ig ine (9'

progin his chronic le of the [Mei/en mines, and Mar/Jefius, in his Sarepta ,ivorks in Upper and Lower Hartz are of a much longer {l and ing than

mong the late writers M. Kabr has enrich’

d his defcription of upper I

nions hi l lorical and phyfical annotations . The learnedMr. Calvor , mie

'

u ofAltena , has promifed a complete account of thofe mines .

e of .l /I agdebm'

g boail of another rel ique of Latber’

s , v iz. they fhew th

hich bt longed to Luther , whe n in the year 1497 he v ifited that unive

leélor of Saxony, came th i ther to fee it in the year 1636 , after it had eft

n'

of the ci ty ofMagdeburg in the year 163 1. Tru e], in his Bibliat

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E I S L E B E N and M E R S E B U R G.

Anno 148 3 . ij l D .M Luther in die/emHan/e gebobren undxzu S . 1

I n this houfe Dr. Martin Lutber was born,in the year 1483 ,

was baptifed in St. Peter’

s church .

’

And lower down this Latin diftich

Hofii s eraurPapes fociorurn pe/l is 69°bujus

Vox mea cum j i r ipti s ni l ni/i Cbr ij ius erat.Anna pa]?0.R . l 594. men/eMeg/oreno'vam.

I was an enemy to the pope, and a plague to h is fol lowers the n

of Chri lt continual ly dwelt on my tongue , and was the theme of

writings . This monument was repaired in the month ofMay , 1 a

I n the great church of St Tbomas is ibewa Lutber'

s pu lpit ; wlom the extreme veneration entertained for it, is only preached in tmes a year, namely, on the anniverfary of Lutber

’

s birth-day, then which he died , and at the Opening of the catechetical lectu res .

Serbia-g lies half way betwixt Halle and Eifleben, and is famous or

aunt of its two lakes, which are almoft contiguous ; and yet the v

t one is frelh and fweet, but falt in the other )“ Whether the 1

as any communication with the falt fprin s ofHalle is uncertain. S

e of opinion, that both atHalle and Seei ng l ittle labour would btuired to come at the falt rocks, from which thefe fprings derive 1

.l ine qual ity . But if this were true, I don’

t fee the advantage of

difcovery, fince, in order to make the rock falt fit for ufe, it 1

at only be difl'

olved in water, but afterwards be refined by boi

.s to the pretence that faltmight be prepared in greater quantititrob a cafe ; let it be confidercd, that already they make more father laces than they can well difpofe of. Salt I own to be a

: eflP

commodity in our country ; however, the number of

>rks is daily increafing, fo that I cou ld enumerate above fixty‘

rem in Germany .

The diftance from Halle to Merj i’ourg is two German miles. In

i thedral of the latter is lhewn the bones of the right hand of Ru :

uke of Swabia, which he loll in the year 1080, in a battle againfl

nperorHenryVI . near the river El/ler ; after which he died atMeg/e

Mr. Bar ing , in his deferi tion of Learn/lei » , mentions a fpring of fweetwater sl'

carce five paces from the f t fptin

f Mr. Bar ing , ,in the appendixwill} defcription ofLarsen/Mn, has given us a very

it ofwriters on this fubjeét. The falt-works atHall have been particularly treatedZelanfl bon, Girlie/mus, Scblegel, Strw , .Hondoff, Hqfinann, yager , and Bodrnus .

[VAU M B U R G and j E NA.

Of his wounds.“ I n this church are two rel iques of the Po]namely , the robes of the emperor Henry I I . and h is emprefswho are both reputed faints . I f a man puts on the emperor

’

a

may promife himfelf fuccefs among the ladies and if a womthat of the emprefs, {he may expect the love of the other fex

virtue of this kind came to be attribu ted to thefe robes , is

unaccountable, as fuch lofty panegyricks have been beftOWt

chafl ity of this extraordinary pair, who are faid to have preftvirginity, tho

’

they l ived many years in the married fiate . On

hand at entering the cathedral , {l ands the image of a woman

p lough-(hare in her hand . Th i s is faid to be defigned for th

Cuniguna’a, and to have been erected in memory of her having cl

felf from a fufpicion of adu ltery, by walking bare-foot over red ht(hares.

Frofiii Merj éburg to Naurnaurg , is a fiage and a half ; and

l ies on the left hand of the road . j ena ftands about three Gerfrom Naumaurg ; and a mile on th is fide j ena ,

we crofl'

ed the

Dornburg , a p lace famous for the deftruetion of a party'

ofC:

the thirty years war, who in a dark night were dr iven by t

[ Iber ia n fitys that the unfortunate Rudolph received his fatal wound from’

aelfrey ofBoulogne And ifAlbert. Stadens. ad an. I 080. Conrad. Urfierg . fol. 2 :oit. Henr . p. 78 3 . may be credited , Rude/pl) in his dy ing moments exprefi

'

ed

cern at hav ing been feduced into his lafl prefumptuous meafures . AccortFr i/ing and Leon. Ofl iens. both writers of credit, it was that incendiary, pOpeinltigated him to take arms againlt the emperor, by fending him a crown with

engraved on it

Petra drel it Petra, Petrus diadema Rudolph .

Chi i ll

gave the difpofal ofmonarchies toPeter , and Peter has given the im]

to Rudalp

f (‘

unigunda’

s extraordinary chafl ity has given rife to a late controve rfyzfieifrl) in elifl.

’

de innocent. Cunrgund. and Gundl ing in his Otia part In. One amO ther denies ; and both have fome favourable a pearances on their fide, but n

All hi ll orians agree that the emperor Henr I . loved Cunigu nda molt tendt

pu bl ick letters he cal ls her Imperatr ixAugrgza , contraalis, di leétifima « nj ux , l

empre l'

s , my belt beloved wife, £973 and in a diploma , he exprefsly fays , 1in carne una . We, who are two in one flefh.

’

i n the year 1002, he caufe

crowned emprefs at Paderborn, and to gratif her devotionhe infiltuted a thoufamdations fo the might be tru ly faid to bemi li

'

refs ofhis heart. On this account thi

cannot but fpeak wel l of her. Tho’

her marriage, from plain natural caufes, was a

no ifl‘

ue, yet (be is honoured with the appel lat ion of eanj nx v i rginea, i . e . The

Pope I nnaeent romoted her to a faintfhip by a bul l , which is to be found in B

Sanfl arum. I'l’

owever, it cannot be denied,Even al lowing that her fu l

’

p iciOt

with the archbifho of Magdeburg and the bi op of Paderborn mi ht be prove

a lumny, and the gory of the red hot plough-{hares to be a mere fi ion ) that at

peror conceived a jealoufy of her ; having feen a very handfomeman in a huntin

out in themorning fromCnnigunda’

s chamber.

U 2

7 E N A.

iown the precipices in the river. From hence to j ena the road l iest pleafant val ley. The molt remarkable things in the city of j ena:omprifed in this diftich

Draco, Mans, Pans, Vulpeeula turr is,Damus j epternnnracula yena

'.

An Altar, a Head, a Dragon, aMountain, a Bridge, a Tower,

a Houfe, are the feven wonders of yena .

’

By the altar in this d iftich, is meant a paffage out of the chu rch

rived under the altar. TheDragon al ludes to the lkeleton ofa ferpent

everal heads, but long fince broken to pieces ; (0 that nothing of it‘

emains . The Head was a piece of clock-work in the a i

hoving its tongue in and ou t. The Mountain is the

lower the Fox tower, where in the corrupt times of popery the ytudents, who were obl iged to be flaves to the others for two or

rears, were, with certain ceremonies, as it were enfranch ifed . B;9r idge is meant the arch built over the little river which runs thre'eral fireets in this city, or the bridge over the Saale and lal’tly, b;i G

,that of Mr. lVeigeI, famous for feveral mechanical invent

rich are now utterly gone to ru in.

Near the altar of the chu rch belonging to the city, Latber isented in a brafs banj o relievo; which formerly flood over his tomittenberg . The latin verfes under it are by Q/ias .Chancel lor Ludwig , in his account of the univerfity of j ena , ca

ta pauperurn, i. e. The academy of the poor,’

But at prefent

tame l ittle fui ts it ; there being among the fiudents of this univerfity,no lofs than two thoufand in number, five counts, and above

tundred and fifty young gentlemen ofd iftiné'

tion. The univerfity l ib

ifwhich the l ite and learned Mr. Buder has the care, exceeds at

fend for philo ogical books. I t confified at firftof the books brought

old eleétoral l ibrary, which formerly was kept atH’ittenberg ; buince been enriched by legacies, Cs

’e. I n fome books which once

onged toMr.Gerbard'

s library, are thefe words

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7 E xv A.

cated to an Eng li/h princefs who was queen to Char les the Bold. Herr

alfo feveral othermanufcripts which were brought hither from Burg ;

when one of the dukes ofCloves married the princefs Sibylla of the l

of Saxony ,The French tranflation of the whole bible, in two volumes in l

was written in the fourteenth century, and is embel l ifhed with fepiétures : it formerly belonged to the Duke doCroix. Here is alfo a l

mi lTal finely il luminated, which contains a great number of portrai

eminent perfons of the royal family of England, and of the hon!I n this l ibrary are alfo lhewn the fol lowingMSS. viz. a very cu riou s

manmartyrology, written i n the 1ath centu ry, with paintings of the (ekinds of tortures fufiercd by martyrs, and the martyro logy of the VCDCIBede, alfo written in the 12th century ; Geag raphusN

’

ubienfis inArabic ccbyVelfch, but never printed in that language and a German manufcri '

rhyme, defcribing the childhood ofCh rifi,written in the 1ath century .

one ofthemolt curious pieces to be feen in this library is themanufcripttaining letters written by feveral popes , col leé

’

ted by I naCarnateryis . Healfo a manufcript ofthe chronicles ofOtto Fr i/ingeryis wh ich is much 1

perfeé’

t than the copy publ ilhed by Urfii/ius : I t was written in the

century , and the moff remarkable pafl‘

ages in it are il lufirated

paintings exhibiting the feveral drefi'

es of thofe times. I n this col ledare to be feen likewife feveral manufcripts of the Fathers , fome Copit

the Alcoran, Gratina’

s decretal, a manufcript of decretals differin;feveral pafi

'

ages from our printed copies, a d igeft with a gloffary of

thirteenth century, Sophocles with notes written about three hundred yago, [Marcus P aulus deVeneti s do canditianibus reg ianum Or ientalium,

manufcripts of Petrus doVineis's Epifl les ; Chronica Conradi Ur/perg¢Ananymi I I iflar ia Pr incipumAnhaltinarurn, which has never appeare

p rint. Chronican Schwarzacen/Z’, a manufcript of great ufe for compi

a hifiory of Saxony , as it contains al l the particu lar privileges, fdc.

longing to that electorate ; fome mufic books, a chronicle of Nurenl

in high Dutch, written in the year 158 5 the art of preparing the 1lofOpher

’

s {tone by Henry Cunrad, which fecret he picks ou t of

Song of'

Salaman ; a ch ronicle ofGerman orders of knighthood,Here is alfo a manufcript of Campanella

'

sAthezfinus tr iumphatus, faibewrittenwith his own hand , which treatife he compoled a fecond t

during his imprifonment at Naples. I n the molt efl'

ential points it agwith the printed copies. I n pafi

'

ages of lefs confequence there are g

al terations ; however, the difl'

erent hand-writings in it plainly thewCampanella did not write the whole. Thofe who are of opinion thatSaxonmunicipal law is no longer extant in its original highDutch,

.

t

j E NA and WE TMAR.

have the pleafure of feeing amanufcript of it here, written abhundred years ago. I t is well known that in the time whenmade h is appearance, the followers and fcholars ofConradCandelwas dangerous to ufe freedom of fpeech in deteéttng the errors 0

ufed to reprefent the true and faife rel igions under a variety of

Thefe being afterwards improved by Luther in conj unction withwere reduced into a volume, one of W l l lCh may be feen here

titled antithe/Z's F7a trumCamlelbur icarum

Among the printed books is t l at copy of Luther’

s tranflatio

bible which he h imfelf commonly made ufe of, who has in fever

correc’

ted it w ith h is own hand , fo as to make it come nearer th i

than the other copies of that tranflation . This may impofo fithefe who look upon it as a Cr imen lefce orzhadaxia to make the

jeétion, tho'

it be manifeftly wel l grounded , againlt Luther'

s

tranflation of the bible, fince he h imfelf never recommended itfeet work, and above any amendmentfi"

Lafily, here is lh ewn the ftatf of St. Boniface the a file of 7

and afterwards archbilhop of Mentz. I t is made 0 a kindwood ; but the worms, without regard to the fanétity of its c

owner, have made great depredations on its lMr. Bq/e

’

s cabinet, with wh ich this l ibrary is enriched , o

good col leétion of foreign and domeftic medals . The phyfic

the anatomical col lege is alfo worth obferving .

Weymar lies about two German miles from 7am , in a pleafant

and is fituated in a valley near the I lme. As for the noble

Aretrofptét on the preceding times wi ll lbew the excel lency of Luther’s

of the bible. I t was in a barbarous age, at the firft happy dawn ings of l iter:

country, that Luther undertook h is tranflation, when he was deititute of the t

fury aids . Befides , he has given us the plaineftmarks of h is humi l ity and cand

fo l lowing words : Tom. Vl l I . Altenb. f. 302 . Any con/mes a ccompanied withrelating to the mi/l akes I may have committed in the tra nflation of the bible, I [ha ll

f ully acknowledge.

’

Bellarmine and Hqfius betray no lefs efi'

rontery than maketh is tranflation I dolum l/lebiety

e quad omnes Lutherani adorant. The idol of Eiflebtby all theLutherans And ome of our ownwitl ings might have (pared the ir car;feem to forget that an original alway

s lofes more or let'

s of i ts beau ty and energy i

tion however, rel igion cannot fu er fromLuther’

s tranllation. But as Luther bio

for an amendment of i t, the appl ication of learned men to that end ought to be

acknowledged But the misfortune is , thatmolt ofthe tranfla tions which have hi

publ i lhed in Germany, are fo far from fu rpafli ng that ofLuther , that they do not cv

1Wr i ters in few th i ngs d iffermore than abo ut St. Bonmf ace; fome exaltmg h imheaven, and others call ing him into the lowell pit of hel l . And indeed it is mat!whether h is indefatigable zeal for the propagation of chrifl iantty be more pra

than his fu ry and obfiinacy are blameable. Ga/per Sagi ttarius, who has fol lowrimpartial writers , fpeaks thus ofhim in his preface to the antiqu ities ofThur ingen

placed Bonnifaoe in a now rand/mick, but not as a w ry extraordinary luminary I5 that has been[aid and written in hi sprof/2, it iswha t hedoes not dcferve.

’

E R F U R I

Wi lbelmj bnrg , only the corps do Logi c and one of the wings are finWhen it i s completed, it wil l certainly make an appearance beer

the noble proprietor . I t is a pity, however, that the windows wproportionate height, and that the cou rt i s not broader. The old

near it, with a wooden bridge before it . is cal led the red palace

Wi lbemj burg is an ecchoing gal lery, l ike that of St. P aul'

s at 1

and other places, which we have taken notice of before, when

perfons {l and ing oppofite and wh ifpering, difiinfi ly hear each

whilft others flauding in the midd le know not a fyl lable of what"

ay . The duke'

s library having been enriched with the choiceft l

:hat cou ld be procured at auétions , or private fales, is jufl ly acco

one of the belt in Germany ,as appears from the account publifhed

oy M. The cabinet of medals, among which is a

valuable col leetion of Saxon coins, was bought of count Hang

grand marih al to the elector of Saxony . The clofet of artificia

natural curiofities chiefly confift of thofe which were in the pofl'

efli

Mr.Alderfl velm, formerly burger-matter of Leif/ice. Among thel

feveral uncommon animals, minerals, petrefaétions , (hel ls , curiou s ].n wax-work, ivory , agate, 89

°C. optical and mathematical infirun

exotic herbs, flowers , 69°C. in great numbers . The bufto and p

gal lery abounds with valuable pieces, among which are thofe v

General W'

argenau brought from I taly, and coi l eight thoufandars .

‘

The diftance from Weymnr to Erf urt is three German miles .

whole flip of land from j ena to Gotba is fo pleafant and wel l cu ltiw

h at if al l fl mr ingen was anfwerable to it, it might j u i l ly be recl

unong the fineft provinces in Germany . Amore convenient an

ightfu l fituation than that of Er/iert cannot be defired ; and the

tumber of fieeples in this city give it fomething of a grand appear

The river Gera flows in rivu lets thro’

molt of its fireets . The no

>f houfes, (moft of which are bu t {mal l at Eiy‘iert) is comput

:welve thoufand , tho’

I am apt to think they muff fal l {hort o.

lecount.

The gardens adjoining to moft of the houfes greatly enlarge th.

:ent of the city, which is far from being popu lou s , efpecial ly in

aorth-eaft part of it. The governor'

s hoofe and the weigh-l ion,

dately edifices ; and the j e/iei tr convent, which they are now bu i

aver-againft the latter, w i l l be a great ornament to the city . The .

oer of Papifl s in this city is about eight thoufand , and of Prote

not lefs than twenty-four thoufand . Each religion has eight chur

inwhichmafs and divine fervice are performed , and asmany churcha

12001. fierling.

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E R F U R T.

ria glor io/iz. The clapper is three el ls i and a quarter in length ,

ghs ,twelwie hundred weight. The bel l itfelf weighs near four

5, is five el ls h igh , a quarter of an el l in th icknefs , and fifteen c l

umference . Near the entrance of the cathedral hangs one ofrebr a ’

of the backbone of a whale ; and in the corner on the r

.d , among other embel li ihments , there is . a bayorelievo cut in ft.refcnting a monk and a mm in mu tual embraces . Hence it appt

only from pieces of fcu lpture in the cathedral of Sti n

ging , but

thofe to be feen here , that before the Reformation t e monks

gyowere fo notorioufly debauched , that even the artificers. cou ld

>ear eXpofing thei r flagrant crimes in publ ic buildings . Neartedral {l ands the col legiate chu rch of St. Severus , wh ich is rem: for a fine organ , and is adorned with three. towers on the fr

e font, or rather the cover of it, i s a cu rious piece of workmanfi

though it confifl s of three branches, which unite at the heighnty, feet, it is faid to be cut out of one block.

n the Lutheran orphan-houfe, near theAng le/l ines church , is {h

apartment in wh ich Lntber is faid to have l ived . The miniany; founded by the Lat/aerate clergy about the clofe of the lafi

h. contains, among other valuable books, fome very good Hen

aufcripts, purchafed from the you at their expu lfion out of

Fhe,univer.fity l ibrary, in the year ty r8 , was very much augme

the addition of countBoinebarg’

s col lection, which was prefenteuniverfity, together with three thoufand dol lars , and is depofite

Sebola j ur i s behind St.Afaey’

s chu rch.

h er the door with in the room are thefe words

Hie martui vi'vnnt. i . e. Here l ive the dead .

’

ppofite to it, under the flame of count Boinebnrg , late goveis this motto

Hie mnti loguwetnr . Here the dumb fpeak.

’

Among the manufcripts of the univerfity l ibrary are the acts and

es of the council of Bafil, feveral fpeeches made in that council ,olleétion of fpeeches made at the council of Conflanee, al l in L4-manual bible of the famous yalmHzefi, in the fame language ;

The author is fomethinginaccurate in meafuring by el ls, without fpccifying wha

ll he means. ’

T is proba lathe termmuft be underflood ofhalf anEni /b el l here,ral other parts of this work. .

G‘

0 T H A:pfalterwritten on parchment, with notes. As for the old printed blthis l ibrary, Kanold gives an account of them in hisMufeographia , p .

On the bridge bu ilt a-crofs the Gera there is a {tone markedwheel , wh ich is faid to be the centre of the city ; and near it is

the hoofe of the famous Dr. Fauflns.Gotha is three German miles fromEefiert, and lies in a vale ; I

ducal palace {l ands on an eminence. I ts ancient name was Gr immwhich , after the troublefome times under duke j ohn Freder ic;changed to Fr iedenflein.

The ducal l ibrary confifl s of_

about th irty thoufand printed vcand two thoufand manufcripts . The value of the latter may be i

meafure known by the catalogue of them publ i ihed by the cel l

D . Cypr ian. But fince the publ ication of that work, which was inthe number of manufcripts has been greatly increafed . To tra

whofe time wi ll not permit them to take a particu lar view of theC‘J’e. are lhewn an old manufcript of part of the old teftamcnt,

on account of its il luminations, is a very curious piece, and fomeGr.Latin breviaries, one of which , remarkable for its illuminations ab ind ing, was made for the emperor Char les V. Spalatin

’

emanuawritten in the year 15 18 , in a very fmal l character letters ofE

Luther , Melanft‘hon, Munzer , Carl/lad, Zwini us, Cal vin, Sthat

the elet‘l or Freder ick the 10572, &c. an orginal letter from How:king of Eng land, to the duke of Saxony againft Luther ; and f

lumes in folio of mifcellaneous writings by the eleétor 70hnHere are alfo one-and-th irty volumes in fol io, fu l l of very neat d]of the ancient coins and medals of the Roman em ors, by yeStrada , a native of Mantua , who lived in the mi dlc of the fi

centu ry, and whofe fon Ottunia Strada alfo d ifiingu ifhed h imfel!pol ite arts . The firft volume is taken up with the coins of ffulizand h is wives . Th is work was begun in the year 1550 for count

ofKi rhherg , for which the artift was paid at the rate of a golden

for every piece. There are in the imperial l ibrary at Vienna ten

by the fame hand ; two of which treat of the confu lar coit: -tl

filled with the Latin medals of the Roman emperors, from j alizto Claudius Gothieus threewith the Greek coins ofthe faid emperctwo contain the remaining coins, with fome of thofe of the b

nations . Lamheeei makes great account of thefe books at Vienna

Strada’

s integrity in his feries of medals is not a little f ufpeétedThe inflitutes publ ilhed by Godfrey and j ohn, bifhops of q .

in the middle of the fifteenth century , lhewn here, throw a ve

l ight on the laws relating to the duels and combats authorizedthe ancient Germans. There is a man reprefented, by a drawin;

X 2

G O T H A.

ark, {landing in a pit to h is waift, who is engaged in a ti ngle com‘ith a woman. I n an edict, or anathema

,by hi ll top Godfrey , to

en among thefe infiitutes , any perfon, not appearing according to

ointment at the time of combat, is declared infamous, his body 1need

‘

to be thrown to the wild beafts , 3 c. and al l this in the nanu

ie detai l ; which founds a l ittle harfh from the mou th of a Chrifl

ilhopc Here are alfo, a book of tournaments , held by l l/i lliam d

fBa ar ia , wh ich confilts entirely of drawings and paintings , and a

ter manufcript, or rather book of paintings, exhibiting the l iveries wy the officers and fervants of the ancient dukes and eleétors of Sax

t the title page are thefe words : Fr ider ici E leél or i s Saxonice 69°

j oha.

lucis Saxonice Fratrum avefl itus lamina/i sAn. 152 2 . The winter dof the two brothers Fr eder ick elector of Saxony, and 70h) : dukeSaxony , in the year Th is fh ews what i s confirmed by fev

edals , namely, that it was in that year when thefe two princestiered the letters V. D . M . I . E . to be embroider

’

d on their l iver[Cl particu larly on the ermine. The meaning of thefe letters is, Ver r

omini Manet I n E ternam, i . e . The word of the Lord endureth

cver.

’

The copy of the Golden Bu l l , wh ich is to be feen here, isithe firfl , and by fome thought to be that which was fent to

eé‘

tor of Saxony . Here is alfo a manufcript work of flj'

choBrahe,led Stel/amen ofia'vi orhi s iner rantiwn rej i itntio. Among the maripts which belonged to the l ibrary of Phi lip duke of Clever, nou

tis l ibrary, are, the l ife of Alexander the Great in French, whichmore romantic than that by Quintus Curtius , and a great number of

alli es , as yzfflin, Quinn/ion, Sec . Within thefe few years the pritSax-Gotha have brought from France feven volumes of French y

emoi r s of a late date, wh ich were communicated to them by the pritf the blood, and for the copying of which they paid two hund

ol lars .‘

Among the old printed books lhewn here, the molt remarkablere newDigcj i , or the latter part of the Pandefl s, beginning at the 3ook, printed at Venice on parchment in 1477 ; the j ets Canonicum,

1non law,in three volumes, of the fame date and place ; the F107

no edition of the Pandefl s, printed in the year 1553 , by Lorenzo fl

n tini , the oldeft imprcfli on of Thenerdanhs, Sec.

I n the apartments belonging to this library are the portraits of fewerfons eminent for their birth, high fiation,

or learning .

The cabinet of medals is under the direction of fecretary Liehe, v

as lately given a fpecimen of his great {kil l in antiquities, and at

.me time of the value of this colleétion, in his Gofha numtnar ia.

'

l

3c 1. fierl ing.

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G O T H A.

(on who can cut a die were not permitted to {trike a medal in comniration of h iftorical events, w ithou t being under the infpeé

’tion of p

s of capacity and genius , appointed by the fovereign previoufly toine the defign The ch ief ufe of medals is to i l lufl rate and afcert

Pages in h i il ory ; but if the prefentmethod of proceeding is f ufferedon, it w il l in time throw h iflory into an inextricable confufion.

'

I

:u racy of the medal s lately {truck in honour of the ducal familyr-Gotha is not to be queftioned , as they are all of the invention of 1

ebrated Cfl n‘ian ; who not only obferves h iftorical preci lion, but alw

ufes the legends out of fome c lafl i c author, wh ich are extremely V!pred to the fubjeét of the medal . The laftmedal of this kind finKoch on one fide reprefents the heads ofthe feven princes of Sax-Gow l iving , and on the reverfe the prefcnt duke, with this legend

Car i genitor i s imago. The image of the clear Parent.’

The mu earnat Gotha is alfo very far from being contemptible. I t cc

as fuch a number of onyx'

s fet in different kinds of work, that a

iderate computation they are valued at fixty thoufand dol larsfi"Amt

fe is one of admirable beau ty, reprefenting a man fitti n g with a fph is hand , and a woman [l anding by h im ; and another is joined tdonyx. Here are alfo lhewn the four large bowls, one of wh ich ii , and the fecond of

‘

green jafper, the th ird of white agate , and

t h of lapis nephr iticus, which is very tamous for its v irtue as

xipharmic, and

ipowe

rfu l remedy in neph ritic difou lers . T l

wis are each of a 1ngle piece. The image of Lewis X IV. to be 1

re, was cut out of a fingle amethyfi . The ti lver e leph h i t on a pedeagate, w ith a caparifon of gold fet with emeralds and diamonds

e work of the famous Dingl inger ofDre/den ; and a ftandi fh enamel

d fet with gems was made by the fame hand . The original pricee latter was eight hundred dol lars but i t was afterwards bough

'

ertain princefs for th irty . Eight fine cameo’

s , to be few here, toget

th a crucifixmade of a piece of the wood of the crofs , as i s pretend

zre formerly in the cabinet ofChrgfiina queen of Sweden, to whom t

re prefented by pope Alexander VI I . This inn/271m exhibits a g1mber both of ancient and modern cameo

’

s and intaglio'

s , and the

wing curiofities : The emperor Matthiar’

s drinking-glafs enriched V!rions chafed work in gold ; that ofErna]?thepious, one of the duke

rx—Gotha , of rock cryfial fet with diamonds ; feven large tankards

tious workmanfh ip in ivory , one ofwhich , made by Balfa/e ofDrdi:lefervedly admired ; and two or three earthen vafes, painted byRaph

90001. (lerl ing. 1 120 l . fietl ing.

G 0 T H A.

together with a large copper bowl enamel led with black and

afcribed to the fame artift, wh ich coft the duke ten thoufand d

Several I ndian idols were brought h ither from theArn/i adt cabinetare made of a kind of fpotted (tone . Here is alfo a good col lec

pictures , the mo lt remarkable among which are the portraits c

Rubens , his mi l l refs and h is difciple Vandyk, al l painted in one 1:

Rubens himfclf, with fome good pieces in miniatu re and night pibook, in which Bragel the elder has exqu ifitely painted fixty o

traits of perfons‘

of d ifl iné'

tion, the firft of which in order is that

emperor Rudolph I I . a ifo a fcreen confifiing of fe

ven large lea

wh ich is painted the moft remarkable paflages in the h iftory of tl

teltament, by the fame Bragel , which co ll: the duke eight tl

dol lars -f Here is a ring of the eleél or j ohn Freder ick, wh ich,of a (tone, is fet with a molt curious little watch . Among the

works lhewn here is a very curious chefs-board , and a fmall altar

i s alfo a great number of cryfial veffels . The chalice carved withi s reckoned a great cu riofity on accountof its large fize, as it is mof one piece of elder tree. Among the curious wax works to beth is minivan, are the images of feveral perfons of the ducal

of Sax-Gather, made by a young woman cal led Braa n, who l iverlate duke

’

s time ; the father, mother and grand-mother of the

duke, together with four other curious pieces of fine white v

AbrahamDrentwet, a native of this place, who finifhed the laf’

in 1724, when he was feventy-feven years of age . Adam at

in the garden of Eden,by Albrecht Durer , coil a thoufand ducat

indeed this piece is in every part admirable, efpecial ly in the foliagAmong the curious pieces in ivory are fourteen hollow bal ls tu r.

within another ; Al ign/la: king of Poland on horfeback, done bymous Kreager ofDantzich and a beggar ornamented with tofe diawhich is firangely ou t of charaé’ter, made at Nur enberg . Here

lhewn the fol lowing curiofities, v iz. a battle beautifu l ly painted onfome pieces of cu riou s inlaid Florentinework, the electoral fword 0!Freder ick ”f i lliam, and two j apane/Z’ fabres with varnifhed feal

another fabre with a fcabbard , rich ly fet with rubies , turquoiz

Iapi r ne hr iticm, which was worn by king :‘

fohn Sobiefl i , at the in

with t e emperor Leopold, after the fiege of Vienna had been

feveral‘Turhi/h fabres ; a j anizar ie

’

s mufltet and (word , both inla

filver, and fome Turhi/h arrows ; a marfhal’

s fiafi’made of the cir.

tree, a flagealetof the fame ; and a Raff, on the head ofwhich theof Chrifl is engraved with furprifing minutenefs this Raff is th

of an unicorn, or rather of afilh caught in the north feas. The

flerling. 1 12001. fietl ing.

G_

o 7 H A.

et, which confi fl s of above a hundred glafs cafes, contains'

quintals of different k inds of ore, the greatefl'

part of whicl

d to the colleétion made by Mr . Schonberg , out of the min

y, and was bought by the duke of Gotha for fixteen thor

rs . Among the rett there is no fmal l quantity of pure golt

dug out of the mine, with very beau tifu l pieces of j afper, graaylt, Es

’c. The mathematical infiruments are not yet arrangc

r order : Among thefe are the fol lowing curiofities, sviz. a perpdar of filver finely engraven and weighing th irty pounds a but

and a concave mirrou r of metal for the fame pu rpofe, both 1

fr. Yfihirnhazg/en,who rece ived three thoufand dol lars for ti

optical paintings ; feveral pagan idols ; a fmal l ma ndrake—f; an.u rns of bronze, c lay , and glafs, for wh ich the late printoztzburg

-arnfl‘

adt paid a hundred ducats . i The model 0

Fame/é, to be feen here , was made in the year 16 14. by Aa native of the Hague. I t is a beautiful piece ; bu t the artifi has 1berty to deviate in feveral particulars from the original in the F.

tlace atRome. The marble flab, on wh ich is amap ofGermany wimes in rel ievo, in my Opinion {hews the author to have been pofir. fecretof etching in marble, not the leal i trace ofthe Engraver lsui t; but thewhole appears as if it was caft. Th is art, which wasto be loft;has within thefe few years, to the great advantage 0

tors and al l who work in marble, been again difcovered ; for lmixture of fpirit of falt a nd d iftil led vinegar, the marble ma

d to any depth in a very f hort time : The embofi‘

ed part 01

by means of a certain varn ith laid on it, receives no dan

is a great variety of figured Florentine marble, and feveral c

rout of human bodies ; one is as big as a man’

s fil l , and p l

to the . celebrated Nurenburg Divine Dr. Sanbert. Here i s ant

sob

or an account of th is we mull look back into remote antiqu ity. Our emon] anceflors fufi

'

ered themfelves to be confirmed in their fuperl l ttious opin ion

ts artificial figures , which were generally pretended to be the natural {hape 1

ormandrahes ; and the poflcflion ofone of thore figu res was fuppofed to p

fi end the reach of any misfortune. I f the vu lgar opinion were to be en

s da (cm, in that early age, were not unacquainted with the mandrake a

e celebrated maid of Or leans, it is pretended, owed all her fuccefl'

es

altos I f a counfellor [in GermanyJ'

comes into repute for gainin of cau fes, he

tlla under a fufpicion of having a fecret intel l igencewith the man rake. See 77»

agara, Frommann defafiinat. p. Roth. dc imaguneuhs Germ. magieis. 704!'

deAlrunis, and Key/ler. antiqu . Sept. p. 504.ms are wel l known to be the remains of antiqu ity ; and as a t number 0!am up in German] , one cannot fufi ciently wonder atAl an/lei s ignorance,g r. I. l

’. c. 698 , reckons them among the lufii s trauma, or natural curit

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G 0 T H A.

olou rs l ike the rainbow ; a fea horfe ; the orbis , a fifh which refer

round bal l ; the king of the paradife birds, in colour refembl iniineft red velvet, with two feathers in h is tail of a remarkable lei

urning inwards ; a hulua or ant-catcher, a flying filh ; with uncon

biders , ferpents, fcorp ions , falamanders , frogs , crocodiles , tort

.nd a very remarkable large fummer bird , which flies only in the

ime . This happened to fly into the chamber of the late coun

Veitzen of Gotha , and is very remarkable o n account of the figure

leath’

s head plainly vifible on its back.

Befides the ducal palace , Freder iclyihal or the pleafure houfe for.nd afl

'

embl ies is alfo worth feeing . I n this palace is a large pie

tainting reprefenting the czar Peter on horfeback, conducted byury, Neptune, Fame, Courageand P lenty , with feveral other figures ofltim gifts . Here are alfo the fol lowing pieces , v iz . the j udgme:Dar is ; the four parts of the world with their ufual fymbols ; feveral>ortraits of the royal family ofFrance; a family h iflory-piece in fou r l

rartments, the firft reprefenting the carrying off of the Saxon pr

Erne/l andAlbert, the fecond , their re fcue, the th ird , their magnifice;

eption, and the fou rth the execution of the robbers . The gard

his palace is indeed fmal l , but wel l laid out in walks, water-w

;rafs parterres, and adorned with bu ild s and fiatues . Among the

.te fome good copies of the moftcelebrated pieces of antiqu ity. And ofthegarden is a del ightfu l grottowith a flat roof. The pavement i'ai gated marble dug near Coburg ; and the ciel ing and walls are

.lithed with fhel ls,.

ores and figures in glafs work . On one fide

.mong feveral fmal l Jetteau s is the image ofNeptune, and on the

hat ofTheti s . There are fome cu rious paintings of rare flowers antgetables in the apartment of the fecond Rory .

BetwixtFreder ichflhal and the palace is a fine orangery or green-hvh ich is kept in very ood order . Here among a great numbc

xotics are to be feen co co and firaw-berry trees .

The country hereabou ts , wh ich belongs to the Landgra'vate of

°ingiu , fwarms with field-mice, wh ich commit great ravages amongl

orn for they not only devour a great quantity in au tumn,but alfi

up large winter flores in their holes ; fo that the government, in o

.s far as pofli ble, to extirpate thefe noxious animals, gives for evengrown moufe fixpfleningsfi

'and three for a young one . One may

ginewhat vafl fwarms of them infefl this country from the numbi

hefe vermin taken only within the dutchy of Gotha in'

the year 1

vhich amounted to eighty thoufand one hundred and thirty fix.

About three farthings.

D U T C H ?”

of‘

G 0 THA.

.Three Germanmiles fromGotha l iesArnfladt in a level and verycountry . Near this place the riverGera puts a very compl icated nin motion it is a mil l confifl ing of fixteen mil l {tones for gwheat and two for oats, Cs

’c. This mill is at prefent farmed l

thoufand gu ldens a year .

Both the copper and filver mines of I lmenauer have fuffere

damages from the water ; fo that the mint, in which were formerhvery beau tifu l dol lars impreffed with a brood hen, is entirely at a

I n the flate quarries of this country are found feveral petrefied

(hel ls, crabs and other filhes . Here are alfo great numbers ofDand flones , reprefenting natural landfcapes , wh ich may be difce:

the help of imagination . Some have gone fo far as to imagine tidifl ingu ifh in fuch {tones the figure of a fowl , Noah

’

s ark, a

Moj es’

s face, a death’

s head , Luther’

s portrait, and the l ike ; whibe urged on occafion, as argumenta ad hominem,

* but have no 01

or foundation in nature . Beautiful petrefied fifhes are alfo fount

black hates dug out of the copper mines lying in the county ofHe;

and I faw at Dre/den, the flteleton of a fea cat impreffed on fuch

ofHate, which had been found in one of thefe mines .

Betwixt j lmenaw and Schlezfi ngen the road l ies through part

forcft ofThur ing ia , and travel lers take frefh horfes for Frauenwo

the top of the mountain . Th is country affords no other grain b loats , fo that the inhabitants are obl iged to buy corn from theirhours but this is in fome meafure compenfated by the great pwood growing in thefe parts , which is fold at a very low rate

mountains are very fleep and the roads bad , efpecial ly for carriagare fometh ing better between j ena and Coburg by the way of Gr

and Saalfeld. However, this rugged coarfe traét of land inclthe Thur ingen foreft, affords the inhabitants many of the necefl

life, and enables them to carry on a trafli c with their fieighbou rsreciprocal advantage of both parties . Here are many iron worlthe great plenty of wood wh ich grows here is very ferviceable I

them on. Agreat quantity of d iftilled waters are l ikewife exporthence ; and the other commodities of the country are , pitch , tat

pine-foot, and i late fh inglcs, fieves , fhovels , and other

made of wood . Here are alfo fome fu lphu r mines , and fever

houfes . Neither are cu riofities for the entertainment of naturalifling in thefe parts . AtMannebach, a v il lage of Sax-Gotha , in tht

of Schwartzwald, nor far from I lmenau, fragments of Hate are 01

0

’

.

In order to confute Papifls, who produce fuch natu ral reprefentations as preVtrgtnAdary

’

s affumPtion, and other tenets of the Rand/h church.

D U T C H ?”

of G O TH A.

on which the imprefli ons of feveral known plants are to becial ly angelica and fern .

.

‘

hofe flate quarries were firfi' difcovered in 1691, and have ever

red of confiderable profit to the country . Near Suhla , wh ich behe duke ofMeynungen, are found beautiful Dendr ites, whofe propcolours differ, according as they derive their origin from cop}Hence the reprefentation of l ittle trees on fome are red , on

ow or black, on others brown ; and on a few they are of a

:n. I n one quarry feveral kinds of petrefied fifhes have been 1

ofed in the flare . I have already made mention of the ikeleton

:od ile which was found near Suhla . I n fome parts of the duke

Meynungen there are mines of pit coal .[1 my

’

defcription of Gotha I omitted the account of a fkeletonthant, wh ich was dug up near that city , namely , at Burg

-7

ch is as follows : About the begi nning ofDecember, in the year i

large teeth ,each of which weighed twelve pounds, and two I".

1 four el ls in length , were dug up at the above-mentioned plac.:minence where the bell white fand for hou r-glafles is found )th of eleven el ls ; and in Apr i l 1696 al l the reft of a complett

n was found in the fame place ; wh ich Dr . Tenzel found to beit elephant, by comparing it with the defcription of the elephant

.izod by Dr . Moulins, a phyfician at Dubl in. But as th is {kt

laid in afiratumof fand, it had been corroded by it, and feerr

ather~calcin'

d than petrefied fo that few of the bones cou ld be

ed entire . Near this extraordina fkeleton -1great quan

t i ty of

round {hells were alfo found . enzel commu nicated th i s difehe learned Mag liabecchi , the Great Duke

'

s hbr u ian at Florence

te fame time carried on a hot paper-war with tome p

’

nyficiz

la who infifled that this fkeleton was an Unicorna foj ile, and 1

no relation to the animal kingdom, though they themfelves cou l

allow, that the horns of a flag had been dug up not long befoI'

t

ta . fTenzel has farther lhewn , beyond contrad ic’

tion, that Ilo

’

ns of leaves , ears of corn, and wood have alfo been found ie quarries near Tonna .

m e lephant’

s tooth , three el l s long, and proportional ly th ick,ad on the banks of the river Saal , at Camburg in Thur ingi a, v

lfiOfl Cd further fearch ; and, by digging deeper, fix dentes molar c:r large bones of an elephant were found.

Dr. ”fedel , in his ExercitationesMed. Phi lolog . Dec. X . Exerc. I . ps a particular account of the elephant

’

s tooth that was dug up c:

Vid. Biittner i Rudera di lu'vu refit :

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B A R E I T H.

Coburg is a pretty town, and has a very flourifh ing trade and fe

tanufaétures. The Cefimire col lege has fufiained a great lofs in ti

tovai of that prodigy of l iterature and model of virtue Dr . Cypr ian,to longer enjoys the reputation it formerly hadfi"

I am, C‘fc.

Cobu rg , Not) , 13 , 1730 .

L E T T E R XC .

An Account of Barei th and Bamberg .

S I R,

“HE diflance fromCaberg to Bamberg is fix Germanmiles : thel ies thro'

a del ightfu l val ley, wh ich is watered by themor

mal l firfi make fome obfervations on the margravate of Bareith,ten proceed to defcribe the d ifficu lt rugged road over the mountait

The alterations which within thefe thirty years have happened i rta

igrave ofBareith

’

s court, the fituation of affairs at the lafimargrea and fome other occurrences are fufiiciently known to you ,ut it is to be hoped the country, under the prefent government, w i:ftored to its former flourifh ing fl are. I ts revenues at prefent fi

mount to five hundred and fifty thoufand gu ldens i but they ma

ry much increafed , if the eople have bu t time and Opportunit

>wed them to recover them elves . Chr iflian-Er lang is a place of

derahle trade ; and the FrenchRefugees fettled there have fet up fe'

tanufaétures, to the great profit of the country . Formerly the 11

roduced a great quantity of copper and filver, and fome gold but

nelting houfes and other works have gradual ly declined , and are

lmoft at a fiand . However, good green vitriol is (fil l dug up atW"

g , near Gold-Cronach. There is in St. Georgenfiadt a manufaétu .

Aparticular account of this celebrated college has been publ ifhed by Godfi ey Lu'

he emperor Leopold, in 167 conferred fuch extraordinary privi leges on it, that it 1

: faid to rival fome na ive lt S. As Luther refrded fome months at Coburg in thc

;30, the archives here may be looked upon as a treafury of authentic papers relati

te Reformation.

1 flet l ing.

B A R E I T H.

brown and wh ite porcelain, great quantities of wh ich are fo

neighbouring provinces . They have got the art of burning inand gold on the brown porcelain, fo as not to wear off. A fe

ing of half a dozen cups and faucers, a final] tea-pot, a flopfugar

-difh , and tea-canifier, is fold for twenty dollars . T

polifh ing marble, wh ich this country abounds with of al l

as likewife been fet on foot at St. Georgen/iadt ; and , am<

things, they make fnufil boxes of yel low and white platter,refemble the finefl Lumacbella : thefe are fold for two guide;

without any garnitu re. The marble is pol ifhed here by a nevi

engine , fet in motion by horfes or criminals taken out of the

correction ; and th is mach ine is (0 wel l contrived as to polifh n

twenty marble vefiels of different fhapes at the fame time.

'

I

try abounds with al l the necefi'

aries of l ife 5 but produces no 3All forts of game is in greater plenty here than the peafants ci

FreIh -water fifh of al l kinds are here in great abundance, ptrout and carp ; for, befides feveral brooks , there are two lal

country wel l fiock'

d with pike andmy, which are drained altern

a year. One of thefe is the Nezyla t Weyber or wear, as it is

the peafants ; and the other the Brandenburg Weyber The lat

a quarter of a league from Bareitb : this induced the late Ina

b ll l ld the town and caftle of St. Georgen/iadt on this lake. E

this lake is drained it yields about a hundred and eighty qu int:I t is faid that it formerly covered fifteen hundred acres of lam

prefent extent is not above eight or n ine hundred acres ; and

parts i t is over-run with weeds, wh ich muft needs occafion

exhalations. I n my account of Ambras I mentioned the faquences attending the neglefl : of fuch a lake, and the efl

'

eéts iefilu'via had on the air ; and probably the many fevers that 1

year in Bareitb are chiefly owing to the vicinity of th is lakewant of proper care in clearing it of weeds , (5 0. About theof this centu ry malignant and continual fevers prevailed ever

Stargard, fo that the phyficians were at a lofs what to do with fu rber of patients . Bu t a large .pond , or d itch

, on the eaft fide4wal l being drained , not with any Vi ew of preferving the heal

inhabitants , bu t on another account, the fevers in Stntgard ponly lofs frequent, bu t alfo lefs fatal than before ; fo that u

l ib. XVI I . c .4. fays ofPbi lippi , may be jufily appl ied to that cityPbi lifpor cultw

‘é'

ficcata regiomutmn'

t car/i babitwn ; i . e The t

the morafi'

es about Pbifippi , by cu ltivating the foil , caufed an

Soc Vol . I . p.

B A R E I T H.

change tn the temperature of the air.’

There are {ti ll two lal

I

a

igéponds, near Stutgard, the draining of which , as appears fr1

cc ci ted above, wou ld evidently conduce to the falubrity of 11

As for the internal and h idden riches of Fitcbtelberg , a pla

Lh°

e frontiers of Bareitb oppofite to Upper Pfalz, which have bnuch talked of , that Opinion is grounded on very ridicu lous , or :

1ncertain traditions . However , the Ficbtelberg mountains yield:ornelians , cryfials , Gi t . One part of them 15 continual ly covere

how . What is mofi remarkable in thefe mountains is , the fouour famous rivers, wh ich at firft d ireCt their cou rfe towards th

:ardinal points . Th is circumftance, and the names of the rive

°

peéified°

1n the following l ines

a ttuor efunda flwvi M9115 P 11zif r , ex bi s

Ad terree partem quamlibet 1111115 abit .

Ma nn: ad oecaj innfi rtur , fid Nabns , adAq/IrwnEgra Ortwn, Bar earn Jenique Sala petit.

Th'

e margravate of Bareitb abounds with marble of variou s 0Wood any other province in Germany . From Scbwarzenbaeb

wood and the neighbourhood ofP refa b comes a grey marble, varimth yel low fpots , wh ich fh ine l ikemetal . Near Haj ,

°

mVoigtland

kink, and grey kinds of marble are dug up , fome pieces of the l :we variegated with red fpots , l ike drops of blood . Green mmFound at Nai la , yel low at Streitberg , and feveral other kinds at L

is noth ing remarkable 1n the city of Barei tb, fo as to dei

raveller’

3 notice, The hermitage not far from hence, bu il t by tl:xtravagant margrave, has beau tiful grotto

°

s and fine marble

The road from Bareitb over Helge/d to Bamberg is‘

very u :

11 and fiony ; and yet it is not near fo bad as that over Str .

lang . Thofe who are fond of natural curiofities may find i t

nu ts"11 great variety of petrefaétions .

I n the county of Gieeb, corn11a ammonis , afler iee , nauti li , 11m

hfides j adaicifvernzes mar ini belenmitee, 1115 1 0111tb1 rancbar

M ater , and other (hel ls, together with petrified wood, are fou

great quantities . What'

1s

lpart

icularly worth notice, is a fpring of

cut clear water, at half a ue'

s difiance from Tbnrnau , near tl

:ieof Upper-M ngau, wl

°

1°2§ throws up fand , l ittle pieces of

111°

belemnitee, mufcle fhel ls, afier iee, j iellee mar iner , eornua an

116115 oermiculares, Iapides j udaiei , gq opetra'

, petrified teeth of

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B AM B E R G.

etwith a convent, or any religious foundation , which is not poifeffedno of the belt land in the whole province where it fiands . Bambe

ounds in efculent herbs and other vegetables , fru it, grain, and win

t is more particu larly remarkable for the fine l iquorice it produo1ich is exported to moft parts of Europe. This plant grows to t

lgbt of five or fix feet, and takes very deep root. This country al

)duces faffron but th is not fo good as that ofAzg/lr ia .

I n the treafury of the cathedral of Bamberg , befides abundance

are lhewn the four gofpels written on parchment in beau tifers of gold , curioufly bound , and fet with precious fiones . T l

ume was a prefent of the emperor Henry I I . as was a lfo the bu l l

pe Boniface VI I I . in wh ich the credu lous vu lgar are afi

°

ured that tl

y mi!kept here is unquefiionably one of thofe that fafiened 0

door to the crofs . Here are alfo to be feen feveral large ivo

m ts formerly ufed , before bel ls were invented , to cal l the peOpet er to divine fervice ; many valuable o/ien/or ia , chalices, priefts vettts, Cfic. In this church is the monument of pope Clement I I . wl

1 a native of Germany , and d ied at Bamberg in 1047. His propHe was born at Meyendocf, and was the fecorThe emperor having in 1046, depofed the thr.

i-popes Benedic‘i IX. Si lvcfier I I I . and Grego1y VI . exal ted Snidger

:he papal d ignity . But this pontif not being able to fupprefs the co

us of the court of Rome, and laying them extremely to heart, r.

1ed again toBomberg ; where, about nine months after he had beted to the pal throne, he joyful ly exchanged his temporary digni

'

the eternafa

reward of the good ufe he intended to make of it.4ngelm de Nace in h is notes on the Cbronicon Caj indé , lib. HI .

TVI . p . and Habn in h is h ifiory of the empire pretend, with01probabil ity, that the cuflom of changing the names of the new eleétc

was wholely, or m a greatmeafure, owing to the harihnefs of ti

11d of the family names of feveral popes, who were natives ofFra nc°

3er1na11y as for inflancc Gerebert, Suidger , Poppa, Hi ldebrand m11

nd very rough , inharmonious, and d ifagreeable to aRoman ear . Upo

account they tell us, that thefe names were changed into othe

re mufical , as Si lvefier , Clemens, Damn/51.1 and Gregory. What is aged of pope Sergi u , and his former name orporci , i . e. hog

’

s face, h

much the air of a fable to be credited .

A long catalogue of rel iques is here omitted.

The improbabil ity of this fiory is demonfin ted by D11 Pin Bibliorb. cede/I tom. 1

1111111 b y . 11131111. 1111yrr .p. 539. and in the1111.Erud.Lipfi 1m. 1698, p. 234. In al l

I;

T

B A M B E R G.

The emperorHemy I I . died in the year 1024. atGrona, man

but his remainswere interred atBamberg . Mar ianas Scam, l ib.

thathewasburied in theconventofSt.Peter ,which hehimfelfha1However, the tombs of Hemy I I . and the emprefs Cunigundto be feen in this cathedral . A fabulous legend acquaints us, 1

Cunigunda’

s body was brought into the church , a voice was heau ttered thefe words, Cede oirgo

<virgini virgin, give place toupon which the legend fays, that the body of Henry, which 1right hand , immediately moved to the left, and gave place to h i :

confort. The marble image of the emprefs l ies on the rig]

hu iband on the tomb ; a c ircumftance not uncommon in fut

The baj b reliwo’

s reprefent the molt remarkable palfages of

fecond’

s l ife ; among which the circumfta‘

nce al ledged in the b

canonifation of Cnnigunda to be feen inMabi llon, Sew/11111VI . Ba

Par : 1. p . namely, that the emperor on h is death-bed fole

elated before feveral princes and otherwitnefi'

es whowere prefen

he left Cnnignnda a virgin as he received her’

is not omitted.I

upper part of the monument are thefe words

D 0. .M.

Redemptor i j e/h Cbr i/lo,

Di ‘vi s Henr ico £5 CunigundeeCerfarei r £5 oi rgi neis co1y

°

11g ib11.r,Aram, Tropbwwn, Monumentwn,

M O. E .

pearance the pretended v icars of Chri lt would have themfelves looked upon as

fuCcefl'

ors of St. Peter , who is fuppofed, but without foundation, to have be

bi lhop ofRome; fince our Saviour changed that apofile’s name fromSimon to Pete

enfiom has eftabl ithed it into a law, that every p0pe, upon his accefi on to St. P

mutt take upon him the 111m obedientic , as the new name that he alli ance is

for this reafon even pope Adrian VI . is aocufed by the Roman cathol ic bifior

fiinacy and difobed ience for refufin to conformwith this ancient cufiom.

very remarkable, is , that none of t e pop have ventured to afl'

ume the mmbut this proceeds froma fuperfti tious fear, grounded on an old prophecy,which faythe fecond is to be the laft of the bi IhOpe ofRome. See ”folf. leti . manor . ro1n.4p 5314111Kunegunda finu‘h Ha rries [m ater i

é'

m'

r non m trinroniolirer cognita.

dominnr [M ater agen t in extrenrir, Pr incipibm Jarenrib minquir do i llo Qual

edfignorir, talent vebi1 1111 refigno. Virgina » 111111 4111'

s, b’

virginm mil ls.

B A M B E R G.

ToGod: the gm tcfi and be ll: or 1118 , and to

‘Fefus Clu’ifi the R1

emer ofmankind to the found e rs, guardi ans , and patrons of th

l urch to St. Henry and St. s igund t, the imperi al wedded pahe were pure virgins , thra altar, trophy, and monument were ereétt

1d ded icated by l‘dL O . E.

’

Phe three lafl letters denote M icbior Otto, Epifmpus or bifhopdiocefe .

[ his cathedral was the fcene where the prefen t emprefs. renounc1

Luthera n, and made a publ ic p1ofeifion of the Roman cathol it

gion Th is extraordinary event happened on the firft day of Mas the paflfed through Bamberg

'

on her way to Vienna . As the

for wanting learned men, who betide s their other talents, ha

tlimited complaifance to great perfonages fo on this occafi1

e 16005 were fo und who labou red hard by fOph ifl ry and fiatte

:eprc 1111the difference between the Roman catholic and Lntberan rel

11 fo inconfiderable, as licarce to be percei ved or regarded . The fem

nts of Tbornafinr, Fabr i timr. and other celebrated perfons, pubhlhed

port of that pofition, are in every body°

8 hands ; fo that I need not e

;e upon th is fubjeét. This extraordinary parad ox , namely , that tl

teftant doétrine d iffers°

1n no efi’

ential.artic le of the Chriftian faith frot of the Romtj b chu rch , alfo gave occafion to thofe fine medals wh i1

re at that time (truck at”fofa buttel , by order of dukeAntonyrefenting the princefs

’

8 head. with this infeription round i t, EL

{ BETHA CHR I STINA PRI NCEP S BRUNSV. Cs"LU.

1d on the reverfe°

1s the fame princefs under the 1mage of religion, witining cenfor between two altar s , leaving the altar on the left hand , a1iroach ing that on the right. On both altars are alfo burning cenfc

1diated by the name yebo'vab, with th is infeription

COETUM N’

ON NVM INAMVTAT.

She changes her feét but not her God.°

Underneath are thefeword'

s

BAMBEB G IAE . M-DCC 1m. 1. MA];

And round theedge

ACTOR. X . (v.-l

'

n OMNI GENTE CLVI‘ TIME? DEW

L“

OPERATVR JVSTITIAMAC€ EPTVS EST EI .

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P O M E R S F E L D.

The Beneditl ine convent on the Moncb/berg is a very magnificentcc . The church belonging to it has an admirable frontifpiece , a fu]rebed roof, and three fine organs . I t is alfo embel liihed with fine fc1re and paintings ; and among the latter, the afi

'

umption of the Vi

(any, being the altar-piece, is the molt remarkable. The ycfititr llfo a very fine church, and an elegant library at Bamberg .

Bamberg , Nov . 18, t73o.

*

L E T T E R XC I .

Account of Pornmerrfeld and Cbr iflian Er lang .

S I R,

BOUT three hours journey from a berg l ies the cafi le of h

Pomrnerrfl ld, wh ich belongs to Count Scbonbom . I twas

nu by the late eleétor of Mentz and b i fhop of Bamberg , and the

mt imperial vice-chancel lor and bifhop of Bamberg intends to fimfl°

he eleétor’

s engineer Salomon Kleiner has drawn twenty perfpec

lews and plans of this caftle, together with the gardens, (tables ,1enageries ; which were engraven on copper

-plates by yeremiab W

rben of Aug/burg . A curious travel ler will not th ink much of'

ouhlo and expence in feeing this caftle ; e as it does not l ie

om the road that leads from Bamberg to The fine hunt

.at of Seebof lies clofe by the road, about a league fromBamberg .

afile or palace of Pornrnersfild {l ands in a del ightful country : bu t

1e de logir, or main body of the bu ilding, infiead of a grand entr:

r portico, fu itable to fo magnificent a palace, has three l ittle dond there are two more in the wings .

The fame number of doors are alfo to be feen in the garden ftc

ut they are in a right l ine, l ike the feven entrances to the fiadthou l

Along d ifi'

ertation on St. Virur’s rel iques and the

c

f

igure of a black cock on a

m of that faint, containing a tedious account of a lo (uperii ition, enqu iries intrigin of it, 8 1. is here omitted.

P O M E R S F E L D.

Oppofite to the front of the palace are the menagery-ar.

which are built in an oval form, with a colonade. On one fi

midd le door {l ands the ftatue of j uliur Ceefizr , and on the Nb

Alexander tbe Great with the Gordian knot at h is feet. At theto the prince

’

s apartments, which are in the front, are the

Charity and Faith on one fide, and Fortitude and Jufiice on 1

Here is a grand double fl air-cafe which has few equals ; but

that the fl air-cafe defigned for the new palace atWurtzbwg w

it. The Pommergfi’ld flair-cafe indeed is bu t one flory h igh

roof is as h igh as the palace itfelf, and the cieling is finely IB ier, one of the prefent bilhop

’

s gentlemen of the bed-Chan

Marcbini an I talian the latter was alfo the arch iteEt of this n1

cafe. The fl airs, together with the fculpture on each fide, an

ftone but fome connoifi°

eu rs find fau ltwith the vafes, as much

in proportion to the pedefials on which they fiand . From thc

the foot of the flair-cafe you defcend down fome fieps into a

grotto, which , though platter or ftucco work, by the fine pol ifl

fembles marble. The eight fl atnes of plafi er in th is grotto repfour Elements and the Seafons ; and between thefe are fever

figures of {hel l-work, reprefenting fea-animals, and fome

water-works . The luftres are made with glafs of various colceach fide of the grotto is a fmal l colonado, where in fummttrees, C

‘J’

c. are fet, wh ich , by their fragrancy and verdure, hel

agreeablenefs of this cool retreat. I n the fiory where the g1

cafe ends, and exactly over the grotto, is a hal l wel l worth feei r

is adorned with capital piétures and family portraits : it yieldsing view of the gardens, and a del ightfu l profpeét of the adjactry . The ciel ing of th is hal l i s cu rioufly painted , and embel l igilt cornices. Mol’t of the other apartments are fmal l but

i i ry hangings and other furniture are very fplendid . One roon

ten battles, in which prince Eugene fignal ized h imfelf by his co1conduét ; and in the prefent bilhop of Bamberg

’

s drawin -roon

copy of Correg i a s night-piece, wh ich reprefents the birt of C

is commonly called La Nottc di Corregia. I n the bed-chami

fine piéture of an old man praying to a crucifix hangs over the fand in the fame room are three very large porcelain vafes , and

of Chrift in mofaic work which feems to have been done mfince. Adjoining to th is room is a looking-glafs clofet, in w

great quantity of valuable Cbina ware, and fome of the fine!porcelain. On the tables are placed cryftal vafes, cups made 01

fiones, and other curiofities ; among which is an exqu ifite piecep in amber, reprefenting our Saviour fupported by an an

K E R S PAC H.

tgony in the garden on the mount of ol ives . The d ining parlomung with gilt leather, on which isDav id

’

s triumphant entry, afte

had killed Goliath I n th is piece, which is very old , the figures a

aig as the l ife , and wel l executed . The chapel is not anfwerab.

:he magnificence wh ich appears in every other part of this palace,s generally afi

’

ee’red by the Roman Cathol icks in their churches . B

the altar are depofited the bowels of the late elector of Mentz, vs

heart l ies buried at Bamberg , and h is body at the capital of the el l

rate. As for the paintings in th is palace, fome of the fmal l piece:he {l ain-cafe are by Gee/bard of Nurenberg . The c iel ing of the

hall was painted by Rot/.vncyer ofRq/enbrunn ,who was employed a V!

year in th is palace ; during which time, befides a prefent of a thor

iol lars, he and h is family were entertai ned here in a very elegant 1

l et . The belt pictu res are to be feep in the gal lery , which conta

nundred and forty-n ine large pieces , and in a room adjoining to i

wh ich are eighty-four fmal ler pictures . Bi er, whofe paintings on

l air-cafe ciel ing (mentioned above ) have not efeaped cenfure, hu t

thefe pic'

tures in the order they now fiand and as one fide of the

ry is dark, he is blamed for placing his own pieces in the belt poi

View, while many good pieces are either placed too h igh , or in an

proper l ight. On the top of the palace [lands an image of zit/as,

tn armil lary fphere on h is fhou lders . The garden rs oh a flopi

gentle .declivity ; and very much refembles prince Eugene’

s gard :Vi enna in fituation, Ci r . On each fide of the garden is a fmall woclinden-trees, planted in Vill a’

s . Eleven vil lages belong to this cl

but the rents of them are not fufiieient to defray the expence of ket

the houfe and gardens in order .

The lord lh ip of Pommergfeld formerly belonged to the fiewarl

:hat name, who were fubjeét to the eleetors of Bavar ia as herec

lords of the bilhoprick of Bamberg . The Pommerg‘eld family not

[ince becoming extinct, it devolved to the houfe of Sebonborn.

On the left-hand , between Bamberg and Er lang , not far from Be.

loaf, l ies a v il lage, or country-town

,called Kerfpacb, wh ich belon

the margrave of Bareitb, and is remarkable for a ftrange cufiom Jticed by the inhabitants , which is as fol lows : I f a man has beenma

a year, Or fifteen months at molt, and his w ife does not provewithhe is carried ou t of the vil lage on awooden horfe, or pole, and plungeca pond . As foon as the perfon who has undergone this difeipl ineout of the water, he is at l iberty to lay hold of any one of the by

-fia i

if he can, who is plunged into the water in the fame manner, and

concludes the farce.

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N U —R E H B E' R G.

L E T T E R XCI I .

Account of the C ity of Nur enéerg .

republ ic ofA'

arenéerg has under its jurifdiftion, bel

of the fame name, fou r other towns, namely ,If and Grafi'nberg , in the Upper Palatinate, togetld villages . The city ofN urenberg contains a l

renty-eight principal fireets, fou r hundred lanes, and is

Welve large, and a hundred and thirty-three fmal ler fol a hundred and feventeen wel ls. I n th is famou s city are

lurches, forty-four religiou s houfes, twelve bridges, ten 1

ihree hundred and fixty-five towers on the city walls , at

Q ty, thoufand houfes,which are inhabited by feventy-fiv

mili'

s . I t takes u three hours to walk round the c itys .

,owever, I {hal not pretend to vouch for the exaétnefi

.tatio'

n, efpecial ly with refpeét to the number of houfes anThe P egnitz, which runs through this city, puts in motion

:d and fixty mills, ofdifferent forts, within the territory of

I t is'

the opinion of fome thatNurenberg (lands in the cent

many and Europe , but this is not to be underflood in

l firiétnefs . The principal clocks in this city {trike thc

are to twelve progrefli vcly from the rifing of the fun, amLfter fun-fet, wh ich at firft puzzles ftrangers but by the i

nation of time, publ ifhed here, this may be reduced to th

l ethod of calcu lating time . The city is wel l bu ilt ; bu t 1houfe in it can deferve the name of a palace : fo that th

‘land muft formerly have been but very indifferently lodgeSy l via: cou ld juftly , and without exaggeration, fay , Cape;Reger tam egregieand”: mediocre: civet Nor i rnbergen/er ll ld with that the palaces of the kings of Scotland were as

e houfes of the middling citizens atMzrenberg i

importance of the trade to I taly, carried on by the Nure;

1er times, appears not only from the privileges which thei t Venice enjoys to this very day, but l ikewife from the re

IV U R E JVB E R G.

letter which the doge and fenate of Venice fent toNurenberg ,former republicwas reduced to greatfireights in the year I 509.

of this I lhal l quote the fol lowing paffage : Cum fveflroCecfizreliano I .) pacemperpetuam intercedere cupimm, cuj u: fi poj iemm,

mu: cu lto;e: oé/E’qaentgfimi . Verz‘

an obj lant obtrec‘tatores, onion:

‘1

i repar efl, dam ne/i'ra j imul vefira re: agitur , quandomama 7.

me;v ia fvicij imj emper ufizifimt Na]?ra potty/imam in moi : jpe:

Deo Opt. s . Vo: igitur , aufl ore Deo, infvobir, qui j

tiand benevolentza nobi : conj zméti j izi/l ir, no/l ram, quer/6 , care/amCa’farem ut fucfird opera

'

i llo conci liato, nobij cum we: r ebu: no/lruti polfiitis , atque conj ervata dignita : 89

°

ci fvita: noflra , non mag i :fvobi sfimper afid j it . We deli re nothing more heartily than a

peace with you r emperor (Maximilian l . ) whofe favour on al l

we wou ld ftudy to cu ltivate . But fome mal iciou s perfons V!d ifiurb the harmony that fubfifts between u s, by calumny : at

becomes you , no lefs then us, to fupprefs , as it equal ly cone.

fince the commerce betwixt u s has always been ofmutual bethope is chiefly in you , and in the divine afli f’tance .

a We

that he wil l infpire you , who have been always joined to

firiétefl: friendfh ip , to intercede with the emperor in our bel

h is majefiy being reconciled to us by your means, we maytake of al l the benefits of friendfhip and commerce ; and

honour and (late, being thus preferved by your good ofiices,the futu re, be of no lefa advantage to you than to curfelv

fuperfcription of this letter was, Dux C9”Senatus Venetoram,

{9°

Communitati Nor ibergen/Y. The Doge and Senate of VmRepublic and Community of Nurenberg .

’

Th is trade is indeed at prefentmuch decl ined from its formeing condition ; and is daily lelfened by that carried on by tl

towns , namely, Er lang , Scl obaclJ and Furtb. One-third c

belongs to the city of Nurenberg , another to the margrave o:

and the other to the chapter of the cathedral of Bamberg .

Nurenberg is ftil l famous for its manufactures , which are u p

parts of the world , according to the known phrafe, Nureno

gebt durelJ alle La nd, i . e. Nurenberg ware are welcome eve

And though the toyswhich go under the name ofNurenbergof little importance, yet the annual profit accru ing from th

city amounts at leaft to a hundred thoufand dol lars and in

Tufibu: in Trai t. dc 7am Statuum Impem Romani , Part. I I I . Memo

p. 78 , ta’

fig.1About fierling.

Aa z

N U R E /V B E R G.

’

Nuremberg company fold fo many toys as came to more than

thoufand gulden: 1 in only .

Gin/‘

eppe Mattbeacci ,

p . 86 , and other h iftorians pretend , that the pol ice of

model led after that ofVenice but this is an afi‘

ertion entireAnd the very paintings in theDoge

’

s palace atVenice, to wh ic

eal on this occafion,do not in the leali countenance their 0p

have already obferved at large in my account of that city. I t is

probable , that Nurenberg derives its laws from Va lencienner, as

afferts in h is Geography , p . 18 2 . The council has always tw

dents , who continue in that office four weeks, and are then fu

by two others . I t confifts of twenty-fix burgomafiers, be

elders (who, l ike the former, are of the Patrician order)mafiers of companies ; but the lafl: are only fummoned when

traordinary deliberations are on the tapis .

Theburghers every year take an oath tru ly and faithfu lly to tafelves accord ing to their flock, in conformity to the laws of the ci

perfon that is fufpeéted of fraud in rating his flock, fife. may

pelled to produce h is books to be examined by the

the divifion of his inheritance after h is death , or b

i t lhould a pear, that he has been gu ilty of perjuryfine in fue a cafe is fo large, as to make fuflici

l ic treafury for the lofs it has fuftained . But as few perfons choe

the world {hould know the exact value of their goods and chatte

thofe who are not will ing that the public Ihould know theirfiances pay a certain fee to the treafury, and receive tickets, wha certain day, every year, they lay under a cloth on a table in the

cil-houfe ; fo that the burghers do not know what tickets eve

del ivers in, or in other words, how much h is quota of the tax a

to, which he had already cleared by virtue of thefe tickets .

The heavy tax laid on capital fums of money, wh ich , for wa

proper opportunity to put them out at interefi, l ie as ufelefs hoart

feveral other inconveniences wh ich the bu rghers look upon a

grievances, induced them fome years ago to petition theAtelic ‘

for redrefs, and that a commifli on might be appointed to fettle thOn the other hand the council or fenate endeavours by every me

its power to elude this determination . Both parties are very fi ren

profecution of their different views ; but it muftbe left to time te

mine which will get the better, though, it is to be feared, t

wil l gain noth ing by thefe litigations.

1About 1983 1. 6 3 .

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N U R E N B E R G.

Durer . I n almoft every apartment is a beautiful iron flove, whichal l d ifferent from each other ; and fome of them are curiou lly gilt. Eyear, on Beyler-day , the council houfe and caftle of Nurenberg are I

open, to be viewed by every one whofe curiofl ty leads him thither .

Nurenberg has had the honour, for many centuries pail , of keel]the greateft and molt valuable part of the imperial crown-jewels , r

the rel icks belonging to them. The jewels are kept apart ; and

whole is lhewn on ly to princes, and Counts of very ancient famiBu t on fuch an occafl on other perfons general ly crowd in with t.

noblemen As their friends or attendants . I {h al l not enter on a p :

cu lat account of thefe jewels , that being already done by Wage} : si t

h is treatife De Republ . IVor imbergenfi, and in M . HE'

rold’

s learned d i:

tation, which he read in the year 173 3 , before feveral i l lufiriou s

fouages atHalle.

I cannot however omit a cu rious medal , {truck atArt/renberg on

fide of which is the head of the emperor Sig i/inund who, ch ieflyaccount ofthe Hzflitewar, removed thefe jewels from P r ague toMeren

in the year 1424, together with the imperial crown , fceptre and gl t

On the reverfe are the principal rel iques which were brought h itherthe jewels, namely, the fpear that pierced ou r Saviour’s fide, a piecChrift

’

s crofs , and a piece of the holy manger.

The infeription on the medal is in Gotbic charaéters : the words

Lancea et cla fvu : Domini , i . e . The fpear and nail of the Lord .

’

PC

the fpear, mentioned above, one of the nails wh ich faftened Chrift toCrofs has in procefs of time been added . ButNurenberg is not the c

Jlace which boafts of having fuch a fpear ; for the city of Par is, Le1Andecb a convent in Ba'var ia and Rome itfelf, fince the clofe of

i fteenth century , have pretended to be pofl'

efl'

ed of the feered fpHowever, that of Nurenberg has been declared to be genu ine by fevDu lls of the fol lowing popes, v iz. of I nnocentVI . in 13 54, ofMarti ) .

.n ofNicbola: V. in and of Pius in Pope I ;

:ent VI . even inftituted a high tefiival , to be annual ly obferved throu

>ut Bobemia and al l Germany , in honour of the fpear and the facred

) f the crofs of Chrift, wh ich were then in the poffefiion of Cbar le:ll ud all thofe pious perfons , who on that day vifited the chapel , wl

:hefe rel icks were kept, obtained an indu lgence of three years an.

mndred and twenty days . But if the Nurenberg lance be a counter]

l l l th is , even according to the Romi/b principles , mu ll be a profane fa1

However, pope I nnocent VI . in h is bu l l , breaks out into the followaptu rous exclamation : O fi lix lancea , que tot bona nobi : efiecit, Es

’

The defcription of feveral medals {truck at Nurmberg in honour of the emperortere omitted, as the legends are nothing but a feries of chronagrams.

N U R E N B E R G.

tanti tr iumpbi glor ianrfrgperaddi tam bat latu: rpjum aper iendofrj anna: nobi : regni od e/i i : aperuit. O bleffed fpear, which hatlfo many good things for u s, and , for an augmentation of tl

fo fignal a triumph , by opening the molt facred fide of Cl

opened tous the gates of the kingdom of heaven I’

The other pretended rel icks at Nurenberg are, a tooth oi

Bapti/l , three l inks of the chain with which St. P eter , St.

St. yobn were bound ; an arm of St Anne the Virgin Al ary’

wh ich is alfo lh ewn atRome and Cologne a piece of the table

by Chrift and h is difciplcs at the laft fupper ; and five thorns'

c

crown . I am apt to th ink that a col leétion of a great manyof thefe thorns might be made , confidering how many of themat Cologn, Bremen, Utrecht, Gbent,Antwerp , Hanno'ver , Bamberg

’

altenr ied, I'Vi ttenberg , P rague, Vienna , Rome, and a great 11

places . The cathedral at Halle in Saxony , according to an

the relicks kept there, publi lhed in the year 1520, had twent

thorns ; and at Stade a great part of the crown of thorns wa

fhewn . The abbey of St. Denni s in France had for many 3in pofl

'

efli on of the whole crown of thorns ; and , as it is prete

to perform many falutary miracles, til l Lezci : IX . brought am

the call , faid to be an au thentic crown, wh ich was receiverwith a molt fp lend id and folemn procefiion . The Benedié?

Dennis were obl iged tomarch among the othermonks in that 1and ever fince no more has been heard of their crown of thor

The accounts of the l ife of St.Anne are (0 defeEtive and muti lated, thatVI I . p. 53 . very j ufl ly fays, What a deal of fl uff has been publ ilhed abt

when it is not fo much as known whether fuch a perfon ever exified . Dition does not fo much as mention a fyl lable of her : and the credibil ity of t

Epipbaniur is not a l ittle fufpicious.’

Cl ifor , an ecclefrafl ic of Cologne, has wr

panegyr ic of St. Anne and 70fldJI I I I , the parents of the hlell'

ed Virg in . Be it

work a very ednfy ingll itany , in whichAnne is cxto l l

’

d even above Chrifl an

Ma ry. They who el i ht m fables may gratify thei r tafi e in Rivetur, in his 1

Mar . 1. I . c. 2 . On a i d!atAnnaberg is to be formthe image of St. Anne,fcription

Q1“: pate: immenfirmAnna tu flefl ere70mm,

Pelle nrala {9°

marbar, contortaque fu lmina pelie.

i . e. Thou , Anne, who eanfi prevai l on the infinite God, drive hence calaa

nefs ; and full er not the forked l ightning to approach this place.

’

Ca lvin, deRel iq. p. 86. fpeaks thus of the contradiéi ions relating to St. AAnne, the mother of the Virgin Mary, has one body atApi a and another at

this was not enough, (he has one head at Tr ierr, another at Tureno, and a

prov ince ofThur ingia , in a town which derives its name from her. As '

.

parts of her body there is no end of them, as they are to be found in (0man

1 Vid. P . Simon': Bibliotbeque Cr itique.

N U R E N B E R 6 .

The Roman-cathol ics are al lowed the publ ic exercife of their 1

in the German-boufi, or fac’tory, where they maintain a priefi a

chaplains, who are always Regu lars . The roll of the inhabitN urenberg are al l Proteftants , except one fingle burgher, who he

mifed , that as foon as he fhou ld obtain h is freedom, he wou ld lo

Ra ni/7.7 church , and embrace Lutberanifm. He had no fooner

h is end , but he made a jeil of h is promife : however, as h is c

are brought up Protefiants , h is prevarication is connived at.

The new church , as it is cal led , is the finefl in the city . I t i

almoft in an oval form, bu t not of a height proportioned to its leSt. Sebald

'

s chu rch is very fpaciou s, but dark . I n th is churel

admirable brafs monument of St. Sebald, a prince of the royal far

Denmark, finely caft, after a defign ofAlbertDurer . The large

which hangs againfi the wal l of the chu rch , and reprefents the c

of the world , is by the fame mafierly hand : it is valued at twent;(and dol lars . Near St. P eter

’

s al tar ftands a lamp , which is kepttual ly burning ; a legacy having been left from time immemor

fupplying it with oil . But what chiefly contributed tomake theburgerr, who are Lutherans , retain in their churches the ufe of

hymns , furplices , anthems, canonical hours, lamps, and popifl

monies, was their accepting the I nter im.

*

There is a fine l ibrary in theP redicant convent, conta ining near fixtjfand volumes ; amongwh ich are the valuab le works ofGrew ias, GreI ll ar/fgli , and other learnedmen. This l ibrary confifts of the col leébooks found in five convents and two nunneries, which at the timeReformation were all brought to Nurenberg ; and the original catof every col leétion, as it came from the convent, is fl i l l very ca

preferved . The bu ilding where the books are kept was forn

Dominican convent. This treafure of learning has been confit

augmented by Pz'

rkhmer , a learned magiftrate ofNurenberg , whofi

mendable example was followed by M . Baumgartner and others.

Rev. M . Di lber r , who is the librarian, having no family, has fecapital fum of a thoufand gui lder : on th is l ibrary ; and forty g .

which are the annual interelt of it, are appl ied to purchafe book

and th is is the only fund with wh ich this l ibrary i s endowed .

mutt be owned that the council fpare no coil to enrich the l ibrarevery valuable new book that is publ ilh ed . The oldefi manufe

this colleétion is of about eight hundred years (l and ing, and Ct

the gofpels, the prayers, and hymns of the old Greek church .

The contents of this famous I nter im, and the d ifi urbances it occaftoned, are

tially related by HorrIeder , Du Tbou, and Sleidan.

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N U R E N B E R G.

Here are alfo th ewa fome writing tables of j obn or rathc

Freder ick, eleétor of Saxony , containing fome fermons, which ,ac

to h is cuftom, he took down with h is own hand, whi lft Lnt

preaching . The lafl: thing fhewn in this col lection is a l ittle4idol of gold , which is cal led fi

'

zlipuzli , and has a face l ike that

or monkey , with a large tail like that of the former animal . 1

pearl in each ear, and a [peculum or mirrour on its back, in whitvotaries who came to alk relief or advice of th is deity were to lofarther account of th is l ibrary may be feen publ ifhed by WSpitzal , Sanbert and ffibn yacob Leiba itz, a native ofM trenberg .

The arfenal at Karen/trig contains two hundred and feven

great guns of brafs , and two of iron, with a f ufii cient number carms to fu rnifh men . The iargefl: cannons are eight at

pounders and two p ieces of ordnancc wh ich were caft in the yea

carry l) .l l lS weighing eighty pounds . One of the cannons in th is

i s charged at the breech , and may be fired eight times in a

Here are alfo fifty fiield-

pieces wh ich are cal led by the namesfour and twenty letters of the alphabet, the twelve month s, the

figns of the zodiack, and ofM ar : and Pa lla : . The fmai l“

arms :

beautifu lly d ifpofed in the form of columns , lh ields, funs, tropi

the arms of the city ; being curioufly arranged l ike thofe in the t

London. Al l thefe implements of war are kept in two large hal

of which i s a hundred and feventy , and the other two hundt

twenty common paces in length . Ten perfons are daily employe l l] cleaning the arms . I n a court between thefe hal ls i s fbewa a

shal l weigh ing three hundred and eighty pounds, which king4of P oland, l ifted up with one hand .

1 This Opu lent city keeps in confi ant pay feven companies c

each company in time of war, confifting of a hundred and fifty,

prelcnt of only a hundred ; two troops of cuirafli ers, each troop cc

of eighty five men and two companies of invalids, one of “lhlt

fi ll s of a hundred and thirty one, the other of ninety five men .

thefe, which are regu lar troops, the burghers form themfelves into

four companies, of about three hundred and fifty men each, v

al l wel l d ifcipl ined , and go through the feveral evolutions and

exerc ife with great exactnefs and activity. Two hundred menlong to the train of artillery ; and the city feleéts two troops 0

out of the burghers, who are remarkable for their height and

l inefs . The latter on the breaking out of a fire in the city, haparticu lar fiations affigned them to wh ich they immediately repa.

the men belonging to the artil lery fecure the arfenal . Andcannot omit an excel lent regulation obferved in this city, who

N U R E IVB E R G.

happens-to break out, namely, that in order to encourage th i

be the more active and vigilant at fuch times , a ducat is giveward to that perfon who brings the firft pail of water, two gu.

fecond , one gulden to the third, eight groj i'ben: to the four

every one of the reft fifteen crutzerr.

The caftle {l ands on an eminence in the centre of the cit

account of this advantageous fituation, an obfervatory has be

it : But I wifh the mathematical infi ruments were kept in as gas thofe of war in the arfenal . Th is obfervatory was formerlyd irection of the celebrated aftronomer, M. Wur tzelbauer ; bu

i s now filled by M . Doppelmayer , who is a perfon of no 11

On a {tone in the parapet of the cali le is thevvn the impref fi01horfe-fh oes in a direct l ine : Thefe the credu lou s vulgar bel iebeen made by a magician

’

s horfe, which , according to thethefe imprefii ons, muft have had three feet before.

defign was formed many years fince of embel lifh ing the

fuperb fountain, for which pu rpofe themolt fkilful artifts havployed and no colt has been fpared . Cbrfiopber Ritter fi

'

model of the whole work in wax ; the quantity of brafs u

ornaments of th is fountain, amounted to upwards of tWt

qu intals . The figure ofNeptune alone, wh ich is to (land on

the fountain, weighs thirty three qu intals ; and ten other it

be placed round the principal figure.

Al l thefe fiatues have been admirably cal l by j et-omHerola

made the brafs fiatue of St. j obn Nepomuc, on the bridgewhich weighs above twenty hundred weigh t. Difpofitions

been made for fupplying the fountain with water, a hundre

barrels of which , as fome have computed , wil l be requ iredhour ; fo that nothing is wanting now but money to defray t

of fetting up the fl atues, GJ’c. in order to complete th is nohlc

the mean time the brafs fl atnes are kept u nder cover, togethe

large cubical {tones defigned for pedeftals to fupport them. V

city near Frauentbore, or lVomen: gate, are nine other {tones

d igiou s fize, to be ufed in the fame work. About a hundrehorfes were required to draw one of thefe (tones, which 11lain on th is fpot near a hundred years . Some travel lers are mi

tell u s that thefe huge fiones are too large to be brought tl

city-gates ; but the bridge , indeed , maft be well firengthe

they attempt to draw them over i t. The elevation of this fttain, is to be feen inMr .Doppelmayer

’

s learned Account of th '

mathematicians and artifis, who for three centuries pafi: hatE b a

N U R E N B E R G.

themfelves by their writings, and endeavours to promote mathematand mechanical knowledge in the city ofM treaberg .

’

There is a (tone fountain ofGot/air: architecture, but wel l executedthe market place, near the town houfe, which refembles a little tovThere is alfo an elegant fountain on the Neuenbau , which was cc

pleated in the year 1687. The infcription, which i s to be feen o

medal (one fide of which reprefents the fountain ) is as fol lows

A. SALUT .

M. DCLXXXVI I .(Lvo

LEO POLDVS MAGNVSPARTADE TVRC I S

VI CTO R IAMAX I MAI O SEPHVM F I L I VM

REGEM HVNGARUE CORONAR I F.

c FONS L I ETO OM l NE EX S I L I RE

COEP I T

CVRANTE SENATV POPVLOCLVENOR I MBERG .

oy l AQvAM HAVK I SFONTEM CORONA.

I n the year of our redemption 1687, when Leopold tbe Great, a

a moft fignal victory over the Turks , caufed h is fon j q/Z’pb to

crowned king of Hungary , this fountain began to ejeét water as a 1of joy at thofe hap y events, by the care and at the eXpence of

fenate and people 0 Nuremberg . Whoever drinks of the water,him crown the fountain with flowers .

’

The author of the d atiquar iur Cur io/its mentions a wel l inNareab.

wh ich is fixteen thoufand feet deep , and tel ls u s that the chain to WI

the bucket is fafiened weighs three thoufand pounds . But this andmother exaggerated accounts I refer to h is maturer confideration . Mg;from I . fays that the depth of that well is computed to be fixteen hund

feet 5 but is of opinion that it is not near fo deep .

On the new bridge which is fai d to have colt the city a hund

thoufand guldens, are two pyramids ; on the apex of one of which {laa dove with an ol ive branch in its bi ll , and on that of the other the

perial black eagle. On the firf’t pyramid in this difiich :

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N U R E N B E R G.

very fmal l fize, which he fuppofes to have been impregnated abtmonth before ; however, the rudiments of

“

the human b are

plainly d ifcernable in it. TheDoé'

tor has fet up in his in thtlowing moral infeription

Mortalium gag/qui t er

Te ipj um P3 tui cart/2? procreataImprudenter ignorant,Hic pedem paulfi er j igeMentifque oculz

'

: prceditus

I I uc

Men: otz'

aj a ,Manus Cur ie/2:

Exum'

as Hominum,

Relz'

guias Brutorum,

Ornatum Vegetabi l t'

um,

Lufum M neralium

I n tuam £9“

fuam cangefit uti litatem.

Qua!cerni s borum particularTot acfi

'

picz'

s bierog{ypbicar Natures IiterarGratiam Cs

”

glor ianz Creatorz'

s i ry‘inz

'

tam

Saniorem quartz olz'

rn E g ptiarum Saptentz'

an:

delineantes,

Simul atque decanter

Dei immartalis omnipotentiam celebrare imperfi rutaai lem,Rerum cunfl arumfabr icam admi rar i inina

'

tabi lem,

Arbet'

nefandi pertinacz'

anzm’

acere ineptam,

Farmcyitatis fvance mutationem r imarz'

j ubitam,

Et inde

Vim bujus fragt'

11°

5 P rudentiam dij cere

Mortal , if ignorant of the firuéture of thy own body, and of

of the animals, C‘S’c. created for thy fake, if thy fight be good,thy mind incl ined to knowledge, flop here a while. Hither,thine and his own benefit, an abftraéted mind and curious hand 1collected the flceletons of men, animals, and vegetables, with therions kinds and forms of minerals. Every particle of thefe is a l

of natu ral h ieroglyphic, which del ineates the infinite goodnefs, bouand glory of the Creator much more diftinétly, than thofe inve

N U R E N B E R G.

by the Egyptians ; and at the fame time teaches thee to cc

unfearchable power of the Deity , to admire the ininimitablderfu l formation of al l th ings, to confu te the abfurdity ant

of the wicked atheift, to obferve the fudden change of v

into loathfomnefs , and , from thence, and the frailty of bu t

learn true wifdom.

’

The celebrated Dr . Tbomafius has a fine l ibrary, in whicleight hundred volumes of epifiles of learned men ; ancient co '

filver, and copper ; nunnni brafl eati , and a very complete ferlars . Among the current coins , which are looked upon as

i s a Frencb'

crown , which in every particu lar correfponds witicoin of that nation , except that on th is piece Lewis X IV. h '

beard ; bu t this was occafioned by a flaw in the die . Of

Frencb crowns are kept as curiofities , on which is the figure

or the tail of a fox, either above or under the head of L

Thefe fome interpret as fatirical pieces {truck in Holland ; but!wh ich have been fuppofed to contain fome myfiery, are no

marks of the mail ers of the mint, or of thofe cities wh ich havi lege of coining money in France.

I n th is l ibrary I alfo met with a French tranflation of the

of Ccej ar’

s Commentar ies , in fol io, printed in the Louvre I]

165 1 . The author is faid to be no lefs a perfon than Lew

France, whofe tranflation of this Latin author°

was publ ifhed

infpire h im with a greater fondnefs for that learned langua.

induce h im to apply clofer to h is ftudiesfi"

Dr . Tbomofius has an only daughter, who has made fuch

in foreign languages, natural phi lofophy, moral ity, h iflory,fciences, that (he may be juftly ranked among the mofi lean

fex. She has had feveral advantageou s matches propofed t<

h ilofophy has fo far engaged her affections , that for the fak

has h itherto decl ined all overtu res of that kind .

Profefior Dopplemayer has a fine apparatus for trying expe

natural ph ilofophy ; in which fcience he fometimes reads leéllately bought of Dr . Ode/em, of Brunfwic/e, a magnet, of no

but of fuch a force, even before it is capped, that he cxpeéts

time to bring it to l ift up and fuftain pendent a piece of irOJ

fourteen pounds and a half, Nurenberg weight.

Voltaire, in h is Sieele de'

Louis X IV. fays, On fit impr imedes Commenta ires a’e Gefar, et une dc Florus [ous I: non: dofimm eat d

’

autrepart one cell : d’

avoir eu im i lem t pour hur‘

Tbeme

N U R E N B E R G‘

.

Hitherto the magnet in the pofi'

efiion of the late Mr.Teyler , a ct

pafs-maker atAra/terrlam, which moves the need le of a compafs at

difiance of fourteen feet, has been reckoned the belt in Europe.

profeffor of Utrecbt (brother to the ingenious jMujcloenoroeck of Leyden, who makes feveral forts of mathe ichirurgical , and other inftruments, in a meltaccurate manner) a u

me that lord Boyle, an Engli/b nobleman, is pofi'

efi'

ed of a magnetwl

(attains a hundred and feventy pounds pendent, and moves the need]the diil ance of fixteen feet.

I n profefibrDoppelrnayer'

s cabinet is alfo to be feen fome undeca

corn, extremely wel l preferved, which had been laid up in the city granin the year 1347, and confequently is above a hundred and eighty yo

old . Should this feem a trifling curiofit I mutt refer you , Sir, to

imperial library at Vienna , where corn, t tat has been preferved for fc

hundred years, is lhewn as a very great curiofity . I n the year 170

granary, which had remained in obfcurity fince the year 1553 , w

that city was befieged by Cbar les V. was difcovered at M '

ntz, and

corn was found under aflratutn of chalk, or loam, without beingthe leafi damagedui

~

This learned rofefi'

or is diligently profecuting his obfervations on the variation 0

magnetic needle orwhich purpofe he has fome curious contrivances in his garden atUtrThe needle former!decl ined to the call of the north pole butwithin thefe feventy 3has changed its dec ination to the weft I ts occidental variation at prefent is from 14.

I t appears from accurate obfervations that the variation alters not only everybut s imc i’c every hour it has not, however, been hitherto difcovered, whether this l2

31

}meafure occafioned by the wind, the denfity

, humidity, or dr

ynefs of the air,

u/Z-benbroeck is pofl

’

efi'

ed ofa piece of iron whic fl ood expofcd to t re air on the toptower for the fpace of two hundred years, by which it has acqu ired a magnetic virtue.

profefl'

or mademe a prefent of fome black dufi, which he affuredme had nothing of ironand yet is more {tron ly attraaed by the magnet than iron or flee]fil ings . I twas atfuppofed that this du i was to be found only inAmerica ; butMr. Muj cbenl

'roteé tol l

that i t was produced alfo in many parts of Germany. The caufé of thi s furprizing e

would be beft found out by a chymical analyii s of the dufi. I have not yet had time, on

portunity, to get any knowledge of the nature of its porter regulina ; but havemade fome

periments on it, with oil of v itriol , and l ikewife with a ua fl rtz’

su And as thefe

men/trua , poured on iron fil ings, or any pulverized minerai impregnated with feruginparticles, caufes a fermentation, effervefcence, Beam, and intenfe heat. Yet on

ing oil of vitriol or aqua fi rms with the profeffor’

s dull , not one of thefe effect!geared, which is an evident proof that it has nothing of iron in its compofition. I t we doing a favour to thofe who are fond of natural phi lofophy, if the profeffor wou l

pleafed to communicate to the learned world an accurate account of this dull , ant

p laces where it is to be found. Repeated experiments might then bring us to a knowlof feveral fubfiances, which, have no aflinity with iron, and yet are attraéted bymagnet Befides, the latter does not always difcover the iron, where it is yet aftual lhercnt, by its attraction. This [all c ircumflancc is manifeft in pulverized iron-ore, on u

the magnet has no v ifible effect, unlefs the iron-ore has been previoufly purified fronfulphur, Wi th which it i s impregnated, by ignition.

1; Some corn, and even bread, is faid to have been found in the ,

ru ins of Hn '

eulannch was fwal lowed up by an earthquake in Pliny

’

s time, who died about A.D." 6.

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N U R E N B E R G.

oval filver medal s of the firfl fize weigh five ounces Nuremberg wei;thofe of the fecond four ounces ; and thofe of the third fize two ou r

and a half. The round filver medals of the firfl fize weigh three mmof the fecond about two ounces and a half ; thofe of the thirdounce and ten pennyweights ; the fourth an ounce ; the fifth fif

pennyweights ; the fixth about fix pennyweights . Every ounc

valued at two dol lars or five gu ilders . The oval copper medals of

firft and fecond magnitude coft a dol lar, the third a gu ilder. The to

copper medals of the firfi magnitude are fold for a gu ilder and one th

the fecond for a gu ilder ; the third for three fourths of a gu ilderhalf a dollar ; the fou rth for half a guilder ; the fifth for the t]

part of a gu ilder, or twenty cru itzcrs ; the fixth , for one fourth r

guilder, or fifteen cru itzcrs . The block-tin medals are marked

: opper to prevent al l fraud , as they are l ittle inferior to filver medal

scanty . The price of the oval tin medals of the firfi, fecond and ti

nagni tude is three quarters of a gu ilder, or half a dol lar ; of the ro

mes of the firft and fecond magnitude half a gu i lder, C‘J‘

c. I t were

) e wifhed that the Ti re/auras M unifmatum modernorum lng'

us j g».) rinted in fol io at Nurenoezg by Endtcr

’

s heirs, were continued by ftable hand ; for we fhou ld then have the defigns and defcription of

he medals {truck here 0 cars . Some of the devices and lege

m thefe medals are by Dr but moft of them by M .

I t mutt be owned , that there is a great deal of ingenu ity and proprn fome of the devices and inferiptions ; yet is it wifhed by many c

roifi'

eurs, that there were a greater conformity to the tafte of the°ients in this particu lar, withou t fuch a parade of art and affectationubtilty : but I fhal l no t engage in examining the grounds of thistion. However, this is u ndeniable , that thofe medalifis who do

:onfine themfelves to the praétice of antiqu ity, have an opportunityntroducing a greater variety and number of figures on thei r med:

vhich gives them a more fi riking appearance , and confequently pares a larger vent for them. I ndeed I do not know, whether fuch

riptions as P aci P ubl icae, Felici ta ti temporum, and the like, {trikenind fo forcibly, or exprefs a variety of circumftances, l ike an appc

mblem,which , when performed accord ing to the proper ru les , requ

uore pains and attention than moft peop le imagined‘ But I do

uean by this that I approve of thofe too elaborate medals, the def

This is no proofof the goodnefs of the device, or wit of the le end ; for fuch emblrd chronograms mufi be very offenfive to perfons of true tafte, t ough they coil eve

sch pains or tune I t mul l be entirely owing tonational prej udice that the author fpfavourably of them.

N U R E N E E R G.

of which it is impofii ble to underftand, without a particular kof.a great many trivial circumftances or anecdotes. The thrc

fi ruck, during the time of the mifunderfl anding betwixt d ntrduke of Brunfwz

'

ck-M l nbuttle, and his brother Rudolpbmanifeft inftance of what I am fpeaking. For in order to cor

the meaning of them, a perfonmuftnot only be acquainted witfeel s of the ai r-pump in exhau fting the air from two

_

contigceivers, bu t l ikewife with the names of the minifl ry of l ife

(of which the initial letters only are to be feen on the medals ) tlreprefenting the imperial and Br iti/b courts, together wi th

Bran/wick, Z ell and Hanover , and the reafon of the eagle bein

cloud , Es’c.

.

But I think it is befi in every thing to obferve a

and avoid the two extremes .

Among the great number of medals fl ruck atNurenberg , v

remarkable for the ingenu ity of the device, I am particu lar],w ith that firuck on account of the long fl ay of Cbar les X I I

Sweden at Bender . One fide exhibits the head of that refile

with h is ufual titles . On the reverfe is a landfcape with aflooping in calm weather, and a clear moon fbine. The pwhich the Ottoman Porte granted the king, is denoted by th isfollowing legend, which i s part of a verfe in the firft book of t]

P er amicafilentia Luna .

i . e. By the friendly filence of the

I n the exergue are thefe words

Oculis dormitat apertis .1

i . e. He flumbers with h is eyes open .

’

This medal , in my opinion, may be accounted a mafier piec.were to be wifhed, that many of the fame kind may be made

Read of fuch as have nothing to recommend them but a punnof words, on which the device is founded . The fol lowing i

on the medal {truck here, in the year 1689, on the taking 0

of the latter fort.

Alluding to the Turi i/b Crefient 3 fo that this is a mere pun at the bottor{equentlyZdOes not deferve the encomium the author bcflows upon it.

«

r I eonid with this exergue had been omitted ; as the timorous hare is genento l leep with its eyes open.

N U R E N B E R G.

Bana redit amine Bonna

To this may be added the fol lowing devices , v iz . The Francis Ge

Count de la Matte del ivering a glove to the duke of Al ar lborougrdenote the fu t-render of the city of Gbent "I in the year 1708 ; the rt

fcntation of France, on occafion of the taking of the ciqr of Lifithe confederates in the year 1708 , weeping for the lofs of a lily 0

its coat of arms ; the al lufion to a mufical air on the taking the ci

Aire in the year 1710 ; and laftly , the infeription on a medal fi ruclthe taking of Belgrade in the year 1717,

Cite bel grado da Belgrado.

For a motto cannot be faid to be witty , or jufl'

, unlefs i t retair

beau ty and force when tranflatcd into another langu age .

M. Van Fetzer is poflcfied of a fine col lection of coins, and of na

and artificial cu riofities Among the latter is a bowl very ingenitmade out of a rhinoceros’s horn, which is extremely hard

'

to work.

Awidow lady of the fame name has a very pretty collection of

tiqpe gems, both intaglio’

s and conteo’

s . Among the latter is a fine l

of Didus yulianus . She is alfo poffeffed of fome cu rious groupes eain ivory ; as the triumph of Neptune and fi rms, of excel lent embt

work on a boat, confifi ing of one fingle piece of ivory wh ich is excing white, Cs

’c. and the fol lowing curiofities, ‘viz. a model of

Mogul’

s large diamond, which , tho’

it exceeds the largeft in

depth, comes far ibort of Mr. P itt’

s diamond (which is at pre

among the crown jewels of France) in breadth the Farne/ian Herc:

foot h igh , cop ied by Sandrart, in black wax, from the original at Ra curious wax beg/Wrel ievo, by Breaner in of Franclg

‘art, reprefentir

female penitent, weeping, and profirating-herfelf before a death

’

s h

and four brafs bowls, cu rioufly enamel led on both fides with blackwhite, one of which is marked P . R. 157 1. What'

an exorbitant lthe duke of Sax-Gotha paid for fuch a piece of work , you remerr.

Sir, from my account of the mu/eum at Gotha . I alfo faw two I

he fame kind ofwork at baron Von Rotb’s at'Vienna ; whicave been painted by GiulioRomano, and valued at four '

tl

Many fuck uncommon curiofities are, as it were, hr

in private hands at Nurenberg ; the families in whofe poffefiionare, being, for feveral reafons, unwill ing that it fhou ld be pub

known that they are mafiers of foch valuable th ings. The great t

which this city formerly carried on to I tab gave theq renaergers an

Gent, in Frcnrb, fignifiet a glove.

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N U R E N B E R G.

On the reverfe is a chil d fitting on a l ion, with this legend

E terni fasAun/fa

i . e. The imperial l ine perpetuatedf

The weight of this medal is fixteen marks of gold and the S11]mentzmz rzumz

'

finatum bifior icorum ab4mm I 70o ufgue ad mmzzm I ;

gives a large defcription of it. Next to thefe fol low

I I . Medals {truck on the jou rnies or progrcfi'

es of fovereign printamong which the progrefs of Charles XI . into Lapland i s the r

emarkable.

I I I . Coronation medals .

IV. I naugu ration medals .

V. Medal s {truck on account of public entries and other folemni ti

VI .— I nftitutions of civil and religiou s Orders .

VI I .— Marriages of princes .

VI I I . — All iances and leagues .

IX .— Settlement of l imits or boundaries of fl ares .

X .— Sieges and battles .

X I . Coins made for current money in the extremities of a fiege.

X I I . Medals ofMonuments of famous Generals .

X I I I . Medals of remarkable negociations and conclufions of peace

X IV. Medals {truck on account of infiitutions of trading companJf new canals, harbours, and other works for the improvement“

ommerce.

XV.— Lotteries, Cs’c.

XVI . — Foundation of rel igiou s edifices , as chu rches, hofp itals,XVI I . — Bu ilding of civil edifices , as town-houfes, palaces, Es

’c.

XVI I I . Medals ofmines and coining cities.X IX .

— Academies and learned focieties, univcrfity-jubilees, l ite:

memiums, 3 0.

XX . Medals {truck in honour of learned men .

XX I . — Celebrated artifis .

XX I I . Medals ofmufeums and cabinets of cu riofities .

XXI I I . u —Remarkable events in ecc lefiaftical h ifiory .

XX IV. Medals il lufirating natural hifiory , fi e.

XXV. Afironomical and mathematical medals .

XXVI . Alchymical medals .

XXVI I . Amulets and fuperfiitiou s coins of various kinds.

Amark is about 9oz. 12 dwts. Troy-weight.

N U R E N B E R G.

XXVI I I . Satirical medals.XX IX. Medals ofcivil folemnities, and jubilees on feveral 0XXX . Papal j ubilees .

XXXI . Nuptial jubilees .XXX I I . Medals {truck on account of national calamities,

tions , plagues, famines, earthquakes , C9’c.

XXX I I I . — Ou occafion of the deaths of princes .

XXXIV. Memorials of princes and perfons of h igh ra1

which thofe of the popes (of which there is a complete (erie.

preference , and are followed by thofe of

XXXV. Cardinal s .

XXXVI . Archbifhops .

XXXVI I . Bifhops .

XXXVI I I . Knights ofMalta 3 the grand matter of the Tent

XXX IX . The German emperors .

XL . The electoral princes.

XL I . The German princes and Counts.

XLI I . The knights of the empire .

XLI I I . And , laf’tly, medals of the imperial cities .

The foreign medals are placed in alphabetical order, accorcnames of the countries belonging to thofe princes in honourthey were firuck.

The medals invented by the Academz'

e des I rg/énlptz'

om, in

Lewi s X IV. make a particu lar clafs , confifiing of two hu

eighty-fix pieces . Thofe of the I talian family of Cararra

another clafs, of which the learned profefi'

or Kobler , of A

publ ifhed a particu lar account. Among the medals of I taly ,

pafl‘

es for the molt ancient coin firuck by the modern I talz'

a;

feen in this cabinet, with th is infcription

Krolus fecundus de Manfredi : Fawn.

This medal is of the year 1368 , and has an im refiion 01

fide. An accurate account is given of it by M. K0 er , in th

of h is medal ic entertainments .

I t mufl here be obferved , that the coining cities have {truckblock tin for fale, only fince the peace ofNimuegen.

Dmfl be, the celebrated engraver of feal s, who is alfo a diamehas fometh ing remarkable in h is l ife, having gone through fi rfitudes of fortune. When hewas a boy he was fervant at a vs

and afterwards became a wine merchant. As that bufinefs dicout according to his expeétations, he applied h imfelf to grindir.

N U R E N B E R G.

and (pent two hours every day in learning to draw of themolt emi;matters he could procure. He continued this praétice for four Ylthough he was then turned of thirty, and father to five children . 13

th is he fiudied geometry, and at the fame time attended the acadetr.

painting, and Dr . Hef/ler of Altdorj’

s lectures on anatomy . I n

mean time he read the belt authors on al l the fciences , and at laf

tained fuch an exqu ifite lki ll in engraving on gems, that he is exec

but by few Among .the latter may be reckoned his own daughter,

fur afi'

es h im i n that curious art. Amedal was {truck in the year 1

in honour of this ingeniou s attili , with h is head , on one fide, and

infeription

Cbri/lopborusDorfibeus Gemmarum ca lator .

Cbrfflopber Dorfcbe, engraver of gems .

’

On the revcrfe, P al/as is reprefented fitting, with this legend :

Sela comes,

She alone is h is companion,’

obably al luding to h is great [kil l in engraving, which was notquired by any infiruétion 3 but chiefly by h is own induftry and the

of natural genius.

I n the exergue are thefewords

z'

. e. To art and the atti ll .

’

The heads of the popes cut on cornel ians , making in al l a (erie

two hundred and thirty-eight gems, which he has by h im, are te

fold for three thoufand guldens!He has alfo a vafi number of i

gl io’

s, which he values at ten or twelve dol lars 1 a piece. Thistilt alwa s takes particu lar care to engrave on good (tones : the BalmandAn parb fiones are equal to the oriental for hardnefs ; but theyapt to flaw inworking, and have not fo fine a lufire ; wh ich makes

prefer the latter . Mr .Dog/elmhas a fon who was bi t by a mad 4which

fgave h im a great deal of concern ; and after the boy had , by

help 0 a lki lfu l phyfician, been cured of the terrible diforder o.

fioned by that misfortune, a fudden guft of pafii on threw h im intofalling ficknefs . He laboured under that difeafe for four years 5 bu

About 3501. fierling. 1' About 2 1. Ru l ing.

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N U R E N B E R G.

tbfiances, it is not to be wondered at, that petrifying juices, whre afterwards indurated into {tone or cryfial , may gradual ly infinutemfelves in fuch quantities through the pores or interftices of the wotat at laft the whole tree mull participate more of the property 0

one, than of vegetative fubflance.

About two hundred years fince a deep fubterraneous palfage

tade at j oacbing/lbal in Bobemia , wh ich runs under the whole citys the emperor kept it in repair, it is cal led the emperor

’

s paffage,8 original namewas St. Barbara

'

s pafi'

age . After the pioneers had carrn the work for feveral fathoms , they came to a very large beech-tr

trunk of which was then carried away . About fixteen years agnmifiioner of the im rial mines, being at yearbimfiba l, took the tn

le to go to the placew ere the beech-tree had been formerly found , a

mere had the fatisfaétion of feeing the branches of the tree fpread

l their natural order. An ingenious friend was (0 obligin as to pare me a piece of that tree, inwhich green and white lnor Cry/lan: has infinuated itfelf. This is ufed at j oacbimfibal as a fovere:medy againfi convulfions in ch ildren.

There are five other large cabinets to be fii ll feen at Nurenbe

mong thefel lhallgivetheprecedencyto thatoe s.Sandrart ; not(0an

the fuperiorvalue, orcurtofi ofwhat itcontains, as onaccountofthe

it due to that lady, who is eworthy widowof the ingenious can

err, fo celebrated for his paintings and defigns. Befides, e ta

late in Ihewing (haugerswhatever is curious in her houfe.

'

l

t objefi that (hi kes the eye is a beaufet, inlaid with Florentine. He alfo the followin curiofities : feveral tables of Florencemarble,nds of curious wor s of ribbands, er, filk, Ihel ls, 690. white pelain, fo ingenioufly embel l ifhed with

a

glken threads, of various colc!tat the Eye is eafily deceived, and takes them for paintings ; landfcaone on ivo in the fame manner ; with others on paper and pan

tent with b ack filk, which verymuch refemble cepper-plates fev.

nds of foreign habits ; abundance of gems, both intagl io’

s and came

y ancient and modern artifis colleé'

tions of coins, medals, theoral ines, petrifaétions, butterflies, infeEts, birds

-nefis, gs, minermu lets, (9

‘s . Here are alfo to be feen five hundred and ty little c

nclofed in afin lepepper-corn and feveral defigns and pieces ofpainti

ny her late hu d, of whofe Iki l l in that art there are many admira

pecimens extant. yaacbimVon Sandrart died at Nurenberg in the y688 , in the eighty-fecond year of his age. And Harfdotfer compohe following epitaph for him :

N U R E IV B'

E R G.

Cum,Sandrarte,

‘I'

nas tabular Natura videret,

Quei sfacies rerun: perpetuarefiler,Co/lapnit, tinxitgue genas pudiounda rubare,

Optans gflé j uum, quotl m'

detArtis, opus.

Great nature flood amaz'

d, to fee thy works,

And , blufhing, wi ih'

d thy labours were her own

Mrs. Sandf urt herfelf is indeed one of the greateft curic

cabinet, on account of her aétivity and uncommon firengthat the e of eighty years. She knows the name of ever

piece of er numerous colleétion, of the perfon from whorland likewife the name of the plant or tree from which ever

butterflies and infet‘l s derive their nouri lhment, 650.

That of M . P runn is the molt valuable among all the

Nuremberg . I t was firfi begun by M. Paul P ram, (a perfo.

from an eminent fami ly of thi s city) who at the beg inningcent refided for feveral years in I taly , and died in the year

carri on a fill: manufacture atBologna , and colleCted al l k'

curiofities, which he fent toNurenberg ; where he propofeddays in cafe and tranqu ility . But the fcheme hehad formed orby death ; for he died at Bologna , where he was alfo buried

deceafe no great addi tions have beenmade to his col lection v

ever, has, in fome meafure, inereafed in val ue . I t is VCJ

that not a few curiofitiej , carried away from the pillage of

Cbarler V. by difi'

erent perfons, fell into his hands. The

among the paintings in this cabinet is a table, painted within the year 13 18 , reprefenting feveral women in the old I I:

Here are alfo eight piCtures, by Bafl'

ano, among which a

feafons . The eafiernMag i coming to worih ip the infantMe

is attributed to old Bafl'

ano, is an admirable piece, and is a

vaftmultitude of people ; fame of whom are fpeétators, 0th

caravans , Ci r . The converfion of St. Paul is finelyCa lw rt.* .Mary Magdalene at our Saviour

'

s feet, when hher in the garden, and forbids her to touch him, with St.the judgment of Par is, are alfo b

ythe fame hand . Her

piéture of St. Ceci lia by Rapbael, kc that of Bologna , on

4" The author makes one exception to this piece, namely , that St. Paul tback ; which, as I have lhewn in a note (Vol . I . ) it is very probable that heof the d illanoe, and the important commifiion he was charged with by the h

B d a

N U R’

E IV B E R G.

which a celebrated painter, who was contemporary withRaphael , is faihave died out of envy and vexation. Here are alfo the following pieviz. a capital piece, reprefentingAbigai l meeting Da vid, by GuidoRb

th e fhepherds paying their adorations to our Saviour ; with the arts

fciences all eep in time of war by Nicbolas j uvenell, which are all ad

table pieces . The excellency of an original by M'

iebaelAngelo, whitabout three feet high , and rqp

refents a man who had been flayed , ch i

onfifts in the accurate repre entation of the mufcles ; for MiebaelAnaad acqu ired a complete knowledge in anatomy . Here are two port:

ofAlber t Durer , one in his youth , and the other when he was advan

in ear s, and another of h is w ife who is reprefented naked , paintedt himfelf. Her perfon is none of the molt beautifu l ; and whz

worfe, {he is faid to have been of a very morofe and impetuous temThe old fervant maid of the founder of th is col leétion has the honou iippearin in the cabinet in an admirable piece painted byAndreaS'

arto. T e portraits of Rapbael and [Michael Angeloare alfo to be feel

h is cabinet. The former has a countenance fu ll of fweetnefs, and

i nl ike thatwh ich the beltpainters give our Saviour in their ieces : IndRapbael endeared himfelf to every one by h is friend ly difpoliiion, his gsature, and the agreeablenefs of his converfation. Here is a

he enl peror Char les V. in his th irty fecond year, by Cbri/lopber

for which it is faid a thoufand dollars have been offered .

Near th is pic’ture of Seba/l ian Munfler the cofmograpl

ay the fame or by Holbein, in wh ich Munfier’

s rey bean

tdmirably reprefented . The next

‘piece is a beautifu l andfcape

which is remarkable for the gure of an owl perched on a K

As th is bird is called Civetta in I tal ian, I am inclined to think the‘

pai1

.ntended it as an al lufion to h is own name, in order to denote the pit

:0 be his . Agreat many pictures by the mafters already named , and l i

wife by France/2'

s Parmegiano, Otta'vio Lorenzo Sabbat

Adamo Ligaflro, Luke Cranaeb, j'acob Sprengler , George Amber;

La vinia Fontana an I talian Lady, C50. I pafs over in filence . The na

)f the artifts by whom they were painted are fuflicient to gain theirWt11] their due value.

Here is alfo a numerous colleétion of defigns ; great numbers of WI

tre faid to be by Raphael , Michael Angelo,Antoni0 Coregg io, Ereole P roeaeino, Andrea del Sarto, Bafl

Garavaggio, Per inodel Vaga , .Mantegna , Lorenzo Sabbatino, M'

eer im

Siena , Horatio Samacbino, Bagnaeeanallo Veeebio, :7. da Pontorno,

ather celebrated mai lers . Ahundred and fifty nine of thefe drawl

are by HansHofrnan. The cop er plates ofAlbert Durer alfo makentire volume. The number 0 fmall bronze antique imagesof heat

deil

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N U R E N B E R G.

Nor imb. 1720

[ch ]

Rea/ch, 172 1, fol .

Mr. Valhanrer’

s cabinet of curiofities exhibits al l forts of mintpetrifafi ions , marine produazions , (hel ls , uncommon animals pref:in fpirits of wine, curiou s work in ivory and wax, burning glpaintings, 8 c. Th is collefl i on is at prefent kept in Mr. Volta

fummer hoofe in his garden, which is (locked with a great numbe

phyfical plants . Five geograph ical pi llars are alfo erected in this gar

the largeftof which is ten feet high, exclufive of the d i al and ca

tand feven and a half in ci rcumference. I t exhibits t e molt r

places lyingwithin a hundred and fifty Germanmiles ofNurenberg , l

ther with the diftance from one town to another . This pi llar waup byM . l/blkamer , in imitation of theColumna mi lliar ia, which is t:n in the ca

'

tal at Rome.The otherEur pil lars {land in a fquare, and fupport the cove

fl i ed ou t the above mentioned large pi llar, which {lands in the midAnd on the firfi is feen the fituation of thofe towns , which l ie frc

hunt -cd and fifty to three hundred and twenty Gernm miles 1Nuremberg . The fecond exhibits foch places as lye at the dillant

five hundred German miles from that city. The third reprefent.

E together with the fituation of its feveral countries, fo that e

m reprefented on the pillar, points to the real one on that

ti at. On the fourth pillar are pointed out the feveral vil lages w

I; in the neighbourhood ofNu '

rnberg .

In this garden al fo {l ands an obel iik, with h ieroglyphical figures 0four tides, in imitation of the ‘I heodoj ian obelifk at (badm inople.

one md twenty feet and a half h igh , and is cut out of one block.

one fide of its bafe is the following infeription

ANNO SERVAT I ORB I S MDCCVI I I I .

EVROPAPENE VN I VERSABELLO, FAME, CONTAG I O , M I SERE VASTATA

OBELI SCVM HVNC

THEODOS IANI I N c raco BYZANT INOERECT I S IMVLACRVM

ANIM I PACEM SVSP I RANT I S S I GNVMEX vor o Pos.

J. c. v.

N U R E N B E-R G

This obel iik,which refembles that ofTheodofia {landing inat Confiantinople, was ereéted , purfuant to a vow by j . C. 70

a fign of h is ardent defire after peace, in the.year of the R1

of the world , 1709, when almofl al l Eur was in amolt .ner defolated bywar, famine, and pefti ence.

’

On another fide are thefe words

BEAT] PAC I F‘

I C I ,TRANQYI LL I TATEM

01 1ANIMO SERVANT INTEMERATABneu rones,

11 DEMVM BEAT I SS IM Iogmvs E CALAM I TATE ET M I SER IAER!

E TERNAIN PACEFACTVS EST Locvs.

Blefi'

ed are the peace-makers : more blefl

'

ed are th whoundiflurbed tranquility in their fouls but (till more efl

'

ed

who, being del ivered from al l calamities and misfortunes, aninto themanfions of eternal peace.

’

On the third fide is to be feen this Greek infeription

Such an obelifk as the emperor fl veodofi c railed, as a fupcment of his glory and ornament of the city, is here ercétedbanter , as the facred memorial of peace, and the end of the

ofwar .

’

On the fourth fide are the fol lowing words

rm n aa a r azr nzau

n r ea n a nr rou a eor r nx orxox

K I ONAoaoaozxoz a a xm a monu ments

THN A’

u p on HNHM’

u pm mn a nronxe T B

TEPMA Tor n or a p or a n on

azoxa noaxa u aron t

N U R E N B E R G.

M I SERI MORTALESoy xn PACEM PO SC I T I S

RBLDI S AN lM I IMPOTENT I S MOT I BVSM0x PROFL I GANDAM

PERPETVAP I I S MENT I BVSDE COELO FVLGET SEREN I TASI MP I l NON HARENT PACEM

NEC HABEBVNT.

Refllefs mortals!why do you fo ardently wifh for peace, wl

by the turbu lent pafiions that tyranize over you r minds, will ,too foon be driven away. Heaven irradiates the p ious fou l withpetual ferenity, whilfl: peace is not, nor ever wil l be, the portio

the wicked .

’

The fentiments in thefe four inferiptions are fu l l of piety, and

gantly exprefl'

ed ; and, indeed , they cou ld not be otherwife, as

came from the pen of the learned and ingenious Dr. Thoma/fur, a n

of thi s city . In th is garden are alfo a great many exotics, and a

orangery.

Some time fince a fociety was formed inNurenberg under the nar

the P egnitz academy, with a view of refinin and improving the Gelanguage and poetry. However commendafifle the defign of th istutico was, themeans were none of the heft concerted ; fo that at

fent, though the Pegnitz fociety is {til l in being, its members at

perfons very unequal to fuch an arduous undertaking ; and even

meet but very feldom.

The vocal muficians, or fingers, who have a great afli nity wit}

Bardi and Scaldi among the ancientGermans, generally hold their rings on feltivals, and perform even in private houfes for mor

Mufic flourilhes great] atNurenberg , where the have mufical met

or concerts, which ey call Krantzel . Fifi'her on the viol in,

Tenner on the German flute, are no mean performers .

Let not this comparifon be conll rued to the difadvantage of the Bardi and

Thole good men were fo far from being flattering parafites, that they were rigid moMartin de la relig . dc: Gaulois, 7hm. 1. p. t73 . fays, Le: louange: nefaifiient pa: Ix eupation der Border, i i: [2meloicnt encore dc cenfurer , de jj ndiquer let atria : do: partie

fur tout l l!chargeoint eeux, dent la condui te ne repondoit par ei leur devoir . Praife w

the fole bufinefs of the bards ; for they took upon them to animadvert on, and c

the actions of private perfons, and were particu larly fevere on thole whol’

e behav io

not anfwerable to the duties of their fl ation.

’

l’id. Torner dopee/l Sealdor. e. 8 . E

Scaldi s, Altoif. 1724. Lauterbaeh docertain.wt.Germ. Ion. 1696.

Convert

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IVU R E N B E R G.

part of a l ine. But, as I obferved above, the gi lding 1

cylinder of filver, weighing forty-five mark s , may be performed 1

one ounce of gold , it i s et ident, that the latter may be drawn to

finenefs, that it lhal l not exceed 5 2 sth part of a l ine. The t

fideration of fuch duftility mu ll abforb the human mind , and elud.

comprehenfion efpecial ly if we reflec’

t, that even this amazing ter

may be doubled to 50,050th part of a l ine, the latter being bu ttwelfth part of an inch . That the gold does not only communicata

colour to the filte r, but that its confiituent parts remain in their nat

arrangement, is proved by the fol lowing experiment, v iz. I f you

this gi lt wire inAquafi r ti s it wil l erode the filver, but withou t damnthe gold in the leafl ; for fuch wire, or thread, becomes a hol low t

of a finenefs beyond imagination .’

I n Mr. Fezer’

s brafs manufaétory at l l/erth (wh ich is one of the fub

of Nurenberg , but has its own magifiracy and town-houfe) I obfervnew invented method of cutting brafs plates, about half an inch tl

with a pair of iheers, fet in mot10n by water ; whereas this work uft

be

{performed by faws, and a confiderable quantity of brafs was waited

do

Thofe who are fond ofmechanical arts, manufaétures, Cs’c. mayabundantly gratify their curiofity . I t is now fome centuries finceNurenberg artifis have been reckon

’

d among the belt in al l Germany ;indeed to fet forth the whole merit of th is city in promotin and

proving ufeful knowledge of al l kinds wou ld afford matter i n avolume. The neighbouring country is fandy, but yet fru itfu l . I n 1

places it yields good marble ; and a kind of grey or ai l s-coloured ma

with white veins, is dug at no great diftance from the city .

Nurenberg , Dec. 10, 1730.

On this curious {object fee L’Hifloire dc I

’

Jcademie des Sciences.

L E T T

R A T I S B O N.

L E T T E R XCI I I .

Account of the City of Kati/hon.

S I R,

diflance from Nurenberg to Rati/bon is twelve Gerfor the lafi eightmiles the road is very uneven and fi t

league on this fide of Ratifbon we crofl'

ed theNaab, and a I .

on afcended a fieep h ill ; and after defcending from the latte

delightfu l profpeét over the vaft plain in which Rafi/ban l ies.im‘p‘erial city contains five d ifferent ftates within its circui '

ca edral of Rati/bon, the imperial ab of St. Emmeranthe timer min/ler , and the city i elf. This See is ix

f ubjeét to the pope , without acknowledging any metropolitacathedral are buried feveral of the bilhops of Rati/bon and i :dle of the church lies cardinal Phi lippus (who died in 13twenty

-fecond year of his age) in a maufoleum finely deer

marble and brafs ornaments . On the left hand , as you enter 1

over the tomb of the count Herber/lein, one of the bi ihops c

is a marble big/o relieve, reprefenting the miraculous feedingthoufandmen ; and on the right is a wooden crucifix as big as

hair of wh ich , as the credu lous vu lgar imagine, is continualOn a tower of the church is to be feen the {tone flame of a

as it were, putting his head into a pot, and throwing hit!This reprefents the architedt of the cathedral , who is faid topitated himfelf from the top of it in a rage, becaufe anotht

had undertaken for a wager to bu ild a bridge over the Danab.

cou ld complete the cathedral , wh ich he performed . But

affair may be claffed among other fables of the fame nature ;be eafily lhewn, that the cathedral and the bridge over the Dbuilt at d ifferent times . As the afcent to the top of this towout fie s, fo that bealts ofburdenmay eafily go up and down,theAs

'

s tower . The largeft bell in the cathedral weighs 11

hundred weight.The church of St. Emmeran ‘“boafis of having among its 1

.body of St. Dionyfiur, the Areopagite, which even the mo:

The biihop of St. Emmeran was a few years ago by his imperial ma}prince.

E e a

R A T I S B'

O N.

abbey own to have been purloined from the abbey of St. DenFrance. The au thenticity of th is rel ique has been confirmed byLeo X I . in a particu lar bul l , wherein he excommunicates al l thofed ifpute the reality and genu inenefs of the Ratij bon St. D ionyfius.notwithflanding this , the monks of the abbey of St. Denys, near I

infill , that the body of that faint is actual ly in their pofleffion , ant

head is l hewn in the th ird (b rine of their treafury . On the other

themonks of St. Emmeran maintain , that the only part wanting inrelique is the midd le finger of the right hand . However, an entire Iof this faint, is l hewn in a chapel atMmich. His head is alfo devc'

worfh iped in the cathedral of Banzberg , as I have already mentio.

and at P rague another head of that faint is kept in the church 0

Vitus in the cafl le.

From the above mentioned abbey of St. Denys, St. E/nnzeran has

been enriched with a beau tifu l manufcript of the gofpels, writtegolden letters, in the year 870 . I t was prefented by Char les the

to the monks Of St. Denys . The cover is fet with jewels, and the

page reprefents Char les the Bald on h is throne, with thefe words

Francia grata‘T

'

ibi Rex inclyte, nzunera defl rt,Gott/Jia tepar iter cum regnis inchoat altis

To thee, i l lufl rious prince, gratefu l France brings its gifts, and Gplaces its powerful fiates under thy aufpices.

’

Here alfo is to be feen another manufcript of the gofpels faid t.

written in the year 75 1 , by a bifli op in the ninetieth year of h istogether with many other valuab le cu riofities, wh ich are kept in

treafury .

On the wal l near the entrance of the church , is a pidture ofChri

a purple veil and a fcarlet robe, with a globe in his left hand : Amare informed by an infcription under it, that our Saviour duringabode in this world , ufual ly wore fuch a drefs ; and that he appears

St. Mar ina d’

c ofvare in fuch a garb, exprefling h is defire tha

might always be painted fo. I t i s further added , that this picturethe approbation of thej acra I nqui/itioValli/

‘

aletana .

On the great altar is a capital piece of the martyrdom of St. Emmtby Sandrart, which is valued at ten thoufand gu ldens, and in the

chapel i s lhewn a portrait Of the virginMary , as i t is pretended, b;Luke. On the altar of St. Benedici‘, near count Metternich

’

s tomb,h ind a glafs , (l ands a black crucifix, which, we are told , came d

from the crofs, and taking two of the burning wax tapers from

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R A T I S B O N.

ever, for want of legal proof of the charge , he was releafed. I r

prohibitorum the Jefu it Gretyér and other writers pu ltreat him as a heretic and the papili s .

here are not fond of fhewin

epitaph . Several of them even go fo far as to fay, that fatan fcon

Aventin round the church yard every night with iron-chains . Ace.p roper furname was Thurnmayer , which he altered to Duromarus .

former name he derives fromAbeafperg (in LatinA-ventiniunzorAbsa town in upper Bavar ia , where he was born in the year 1466 .

The lad ies in the upper and lower I ll i ifier l ive in a free manner,

are under l ittle or no refl raint in thefe two abbeys. They go at

when they pleafe rece ive vifits from gentlemen ; appear at balls l l

city , and general ly flay to the h it dance ; and that no l iberty mawanting of indulging their defires, they have always the privilegqu itting the abbey by marrying . The abbelTes avoid publicas if they were princeflb s, becaufe the envoys ladies will not al low 1

“

the honou r of precedence. I ndeed they are not without difiurbanccth is account among themfelves, one abbefs difputing precedencythe other, and canonefies with canonefi

'

es , in thefe two focieties . The

the lower Min/ier allow the u per M in/ier to be the more ancient fdation Of the two ; but on t e other hand, they maintain that

abbey was c reated a principal ity prior to that of upper Min/ier .

'

I

d ifputes are carried fo high that the ladies belonging to thefe fou

tions mul l not be invited at the fame time to any entertainment, .u

every th ing relating to recedency and ceremony be previoufly adjuflThe largelt church , elonging to the proteflants, in th is c ity is th

the HolyTrinity. I t is luminous and has an arched roof in wh ich

joifts are cu rioufly inferted into one another. I t has no pillars and

gal leries reft on abutments projecting ou t of the wal l . I n the

parifh church the cure of the man with the withered hand is fipainted by Block.

Without this church formerly fl ood a pretended miraculous imagthe Virgin, which was cal led the beau tifu l Mary , and was honowith many p ilgrimages . The Roman cathol ics wil l have it, thatimage is fii ll kept privately in fome part of the chu rch and abbéAnin h is Rati/bona Poli tica C

‘s"Eccleyia/l ica, chiefly attributes the long

perity of the city to its being in pofleffion of this facred image. But

Lutherans to whom this church belongs, deny there being any

epi/lola M lanehtbonis adAventinum, 9mm ex ipj b autographs reeitaoi I. I I . contra Ca lv in.

repli cator-em, e. 19. Anemia was not a Roman or true catholic, as evident] appears , if f:

proofs were wanting, from an epifl'le ofMelanebthon to him, wl ich I ave fet down

the original, Lib. l l . againfl the calviniitical wr iter, c.

RA ‘

Y'

I S B O N.

image in l!and that their adverfaries in their zeal for theirnot attempt fome fraud to promote it, a guard patroles round

every night, and fufi’

ers no body to fit on the fieps, or to con

entrance of the church .

The convent of S . j acobns Scolorwn has a good l ibrary ; at

fent prior, Bernard Bai ley , is a man of politenefs and learni

Roman catholics as are natives of Scotland, are the only perfor

into this fociety ; and thofe of the greatefi abil ities are feleci erefi, and (cu t as mifii onaries to their native country . There is

feminary at IVurtzbarg , and another at Erfurt. I n the l ibra:a La l in manufcript of the fou r evangel ifts , faid to

~

have belo

Anfc/Jar ius, who d ied in the year 865 but thewriting feemsmodern. According to the introduétory account, this mamformerly depofited in the cathedral at Bremen, and afterward

the hands of Francis Count ofWartenberg , who we

Rari/aoa , Ofizabrag , Minden and Verden. Here i s alfo to befcription of the whole diocefe of Rafi/ban, in nine volumes fowas finifhed about the year 1686, byRafi/60m , B og a , Relig iq/

‘

a , Ecclgfiaflica , 65C . and has never be

TheD'

s/nits college afi’

ords nothing remarkable ; and even t?

is bu t mean. On the ciel ing of the church are (ome good 17

j refio and there are (ome curious pieces of fcu lpture in ivorythe altars . Four of the latter reprefenting the actions ofJgna.

and four others of the l ife of St. Franci s Xav ier , are . very 1

feeing. The artift, who i s at prefent a jefu it of th is col legemerly cal led Steinbard, and performed one half of th is cut

whilfthe was a layman, or infiado, as the phrafe . is and for4firfi four pieces he was rewarded with a hundred dollars.The epitaph ofKepler , the famous mathematician

, was for:

feen in St. P eter’

s church yard at Rari/aoa ; but there are r

mains of it.The town-hoofe is the mofl remarkable among the civil

th is city, in which the council chamber, and thofe of the re

correlations, as they are cal led , are the belt apartments.chamber near the eleétoral college, the fol lowing infeription ison a black tablet, which was fet up in the year. t 554.

R A T I S B O N.

Qai/quisfenator ofici i cansa'

cur lam ingrea'

er i s,

Anteboooficiumpr ivatos afiefl us omnes abj ieitoI ram,

‘vim, odium, amicitiam,ada lationem,

P ablieee rei perfonamCt? caromfufeipitoNam at ala s a’gzms ant iaiguns1ndexfi l er is,I ta guoque Dei j udiciumexpeél abi s {fifigflinebis

Let every fenator, who enters th is court to fit in j udgment, layal l private affections , anger, violence, hatred, friendlh ip and flat

and let h is whole attention be on the public welfare : For as thenbeen equ itable or unj uft in j udging others, fo mu ll thou expect

acqu itted or condemned at God’

s awfu l tribunal . ’

The poetical tranflation under this infe ription, as l ikewife fc

pieces ofGerman poetry, 63°

C. l ittle become the dignity of the place.

the counc i l chamber is a drawing of the emperor Leopold, very ingenidone with a pen on wh ite fattin , by Leonard Sebzfl er , in the year 1

I n the rinces col lege the (love is placed in the centre , unde

floor . I n t e hal l {l ands a clock, after the model of that in the cath l

at Straj burg ; in which the quarters are {truck by feveral figures ,every hou r, the three kings make their appearance and pay thei r adorto the virgin Mary and her divine infant, wh ile the cock that i s p

'

over them crows .

The fide boards, in the apartment where all the three eftates o

empi re meet, now ferve the fecretaries to lay their hats and cane

infl ead of the wine and fweetmeats with wh ich the members of thewere formerly regaled at every meeting

*. The city of Rafi/ban at le

eafed themfe lves of this expence by d i l’

continu ing the treat, which , aDiet is conl’cantly held there, mu ll have fallen heavy on them.

There is a good l ibrary in the council-houfe which belongs tc

city ; but it contains more books relating to the c ivi l, than the n

c ipal law. I t feems h ighly proper, that this city, or every col le;the {tates of the empire, or at lead: the Diet in general , f hou ld ha

good col lection of al l forts of books ; and particu larly of al l the vah

p ieces relating to the confl itution, laws, and interefi of the German

p ire and its members . And though the want of fuch helps has

Let fecretary Ludwig anfwcr for what he has written about thefe abufes in hi

Ana . B. l . n . I 3 3 . I n the afternoon not only the members of the d iet were prettyflufl ercd ; bu t m the fe

cretary ofArl entz’

s ofli ce, feveral bottles of wine were put c

tables, for the u fe of the-c lerks , that they might not fuffcr by thirft, while they we:

p loyed in writing what was d ictated to them.

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RAT I S B O N.

:his bridge, namely, that it was bu ilt by the Devil , who was outwiby means of a dog and two cocks; the images of which are to be

an the balluflrade, is common to other places ; and is related withmolt the fame ridicu lou s c ircumltances, of a loftv ftone bridge in Szer/and (at St. Got/Jard, abou t a league from (I r/l i nen ) wh ich is b l i llt l

the Rea/i from one rock to another. I t is commonly faid of the tl

principal bridges in Germany , that Dryden bridge is the molt elcgthat of P rague the longell , and that of Rati/bon the ftrongeil .The j u ri ld iction of the c ity of Ratij l on extends no fu rther than

foot of the bridge on the fl m-l -of, or fuburb tide ; the latter being|eét to theeled or of Ba var ia .

The hofpital of St. Cather ine in this fub tu b is endowed at leaft t

ighty thoufand guldens a year ; and both the governors and poori

are admitted confill of an equal number of Pap i l’ts and Proteflants .

and-th irty perfons are here daily prov ided w ith a hot d inner . Their fu]is of animal food , and their ufual drink is beer ; but on holydays the]al lowed fome wine . The Proteflants have their own church or ch

in this hofpital , which is not tolerated in any other part of Bat u

However, mafs is faid in it by the Roman catholics twice a year, nan

on St. Catherine’

s and St.Mary Magda len’

s day . ALat/Jeran min

preaches in this chu rch every Monday , and l ikewife annual ly onW135:Tue/day . As for diet the Protcfiants are obl iged to take up withfame fare with the Papi l

’ts on meagre however, they are

mitted to drefs viétuals for themfelves, or fell their al lowance of fill

thofe days.

At St. Veit, on the other fide of the Danube, about a quarter e

league from Kati/boa , {l ands the Cartbufian monaftery of St. P ruel , t

delightfu l plain . The monks eat noth ing but filh and vegetables,

yet appear healthy and florid ; and many of them l ive to the ag

eighty, or above . This convent is in the elec’

tor of Bavar ia’

s territm

and , l ike other monafieries in Ba var ia , annual ly pays a confiderable

knowledgment for the lands they hold . The common taxes theyaccording to afi

'

efi'

ment, amount to fifteen hundred guldens, and

compofition for beer to five or fix hundred guldens more. For e

hoglhead of wine they pay to the city of Kati/ban a duty of three

dens , and forty-two cr eutzer s by way of tol l .

The library af this convent deferves notice, not fo much for

number and value of the books, which do not exceed feven thou

I cal l thefemeagre days as the Frencb term them for they wou ld be very imprc

called falt days , as they are in the original . Thefe da 3 are every Fr iday and Satura'

the year, and the forty days of Lent, when the Pap i l s pamper themfelves with filh,every kind of del icacy, excepting Beth and fowl .

RAT I S B O N.

volumes, as for the elegant embel lifhments of the room in v

fraud . The paintings reprefent feveral circumflances of th l

l ife ; and betwixt the ftucco work on the ciel ing the molt

writers of the Cartbu/ian order are reprefented . The height 0i s about eight-and-twenty or thirty feet but it has not a prt

breadth .

I n the church the life and fufferings of Chrifl: are reprefer

teen beautifu l pieces of painting, feveral of which are by Hei/thefe that of the defcent from the crofs is particu larly adminconvent was formerly pofi

'

effed ofmany other good piCtures,wh ich the Swedes carried off in the latt war . I n the body of

are twelve fine capital pieces, reprefenting the l ife of yobnwh ich were a prefent from the bifhops of Wurtzaurg , Eier

other ecclefiaftical princes, at the defire of their envoys a

Ten of thefe pieces were painted in the Netber lands by j‘ary

defire ofM. Neu vcy‘orge, who was envoy from the duke of I

Rafi/ban from the year 1673 to 1697. Among j anj on’

s n

wh ich reprefents the beheading of yobn tbe Bapti/l is reckonecMr .Warfiblunger , a native of Municb, and a famou s pain

l iving at Rafi/ban . Th is artift, in h is younger years, paintercommon accu racy, and had very few equals in reprefentin

Several of h is pieces are in the pofl'

efiion of the Reverend

who has alfo a large col lection of copper-plates, and the ha

of feveral celebrated perfons .

M . Ma rtin Traber’

s learning and ingenu ity, and particu larlytu rnery, is wel l known . He has the fecret of marking aga

k ind s of figu res , and in al l colours ; fo that he is wel l all ure

name of Chril’t, and other charac’ters, lhewn as natural cu

the famou s valuable bafou of agate in the imperial treafu rythe work of art, in which natu re has only furnith ed the mate

M . Oexel , of Rafi/Ion, i s famous for h is exqu ifite engr

gems, Cs

’c.

CountWert/oer , the electoral envoy from‘Tr iers, has a fine

of ancient and modern gems, both cameo’

s and intagl io'

s .

Mr . Golgol , Chamberlain of the city, always with great

fhews foreigners h is cu riou s cabinet of petrifafi ions , coins ,other antiqu ities, u ncommon animals , paintings , 6 c. A1110is P aul Reubens , with h is (on when a l ittle boy : this piecepainted b old Reubens himfelf, or Van Dyk, h is d ifciple . H

a fine cal et, (aid to have belonged to Freder ic V. king of Bol

Mr.Weinman, an apothecary, has a good col lection of ft

(hel ls, ores, minerals, various forts of marble, petrifaétions,F f 2

R A T I S B O N.

but every trial lefl'

ens the luftre, ti l l at lafl: the efi'

eé'

t enti

Some of thefe fiones, of any confiderable fize, emit a very b

gence when broke to pieces . The l ike efl'

eét may be prodt

Pfi’udo-adamantesAmerlyflici and other radiant preciou s [tones

zen“produced in the d i li riét of Sub/a in Tlncr ing ia , the

Au'vergne and Saxony, a kind of yel low green and wh itifh talc

about Bern, and the mar ieng la/e or lapisfl ecu lar is found in l

in the quarries of Kinden near Hannover . The lafi,when 1

a hammer, breaks into long cubical pieces, or Rbomboides ;laid on a red-hot lhovel , emits a pale yel low effu lgence, wit]

the fine blue obferved in that of Bacb. I n this experimermar ieng laj e, or Muj coey emits a very faint wh itifh radi.El/lmj ; in his treatife dc P bcj pbor is quatuor , publi lhed in 1676

to communicate to the publ ic the method of preparing a kl]

pborus fma ragdinus , that {hou ld derive its eff ulgence, not frt

or air, l ike the lapi s Bononien/z} , but from fire ; and that it {h

l ight fufli cient to write by . Bu t whether th is promife hasgood , I know not. Amber and feal ing-wax, laid on red-hot

w ifewife emit a luminous eflu lgence bu t it does not anfwe.

pbonia . I n al l the experiments I made on the [tone above-mdid not perceive the leaf’t fu lphu reous fme ll yet it is probab

above-mentioned efl‘

eéts are produced by a fubtile kind of ft

wh ich thofe fubfiances are impregnated . For if the l ike r

were tried on feveral gems which owe their colour to fu l

wou ld exh ibit the fame phaenomenon .

M . GeorgeAndrewAgr icola , the C ity phyfician, has acqrepu tation , not only in Germany but alfo in foreign parts , byon the Univerfal increafe of trees, which was publ ifhed in tvfol io , in the y ear 1716 but had he deferred the publ icationyears , or at leafl ti ll he had confirmed h is hypothefis by expt

wou ld have been a great addition to the value of h is book,

quently to h is reputation . I look upon th is gentleman as

integrity , and one who would be very far from praé’

tifing at

impofition . He related to me at large, how he was induagainft h is wi l l , to publ i lh treatife ; and that the publ icati l

ch iefly owing to CountWrati/lau , who was defirous of commu

obfervations to the learned in thole foreign parts to wh ich he w:cal led . Some outof ignorance, andothers out ofmal ice

, havemithe Doctor

’

s fcheme, and given out, that he pretended to prc

Thele aremul tangular fmall fragments of a kind offlint. .

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R A T I S B O N.

Doctor’

s fecret, as it might poiii bly conduce to farther difco

explain feveral paradoxes in that abftrufe fcience.

The city of Rafi/ban was vifited w ith the plague in the yearcu rious medal was invented by C . F. V. H. and {truck at Nu

the happy celfation of that calamity. On one fide of it was

Rafi/ban, w ith the date of the year 17 14, when it was fl rrreverfe exhibited Non/J's ark, and that Patriarch with his faring a facrifice of thankfgiving to God on an altar for the

prefervation .

”e

The removal of the barriers round the city of Rafi/ban alfo

l ion to a medal , which on one fide has a woman with a wreat

on her head , a Cornucopia in her left hand , and a key in her

noting the happinefs obtained by the opening of the avenues

The other figure of a woman in amou rnfu l attitude, with a ml y ing by her, and a vai l on her head , wh ile {he extends her barthe key wh ich is held out to her, exhibits Rafi/ban in dilblegend is as follows :

Oculis g/i reddita fro/ir is . Virg . E neid. I I .

The Diet being removed from Ratij bon toAug/burg duringlence, the return of it to the former city was alfo common

M . Oer l , a celebrated engraver, on a medal ; on one fide of

feen the German empire in council with other eminent perfon:infcription

Confl'

ltzsfirmant patr ia j ura pu s .

Their pious councils confirm the rights of their coun

Underneath are thefe words

Exen/i Rafi/p . A. MDCCXV.

i . e. Struck atRati sbon in the year

On the reverfe is a perfpeé’tive view of the city of Ratl

th is infeription

The inferiptions being a Chronogram and a Rebus, are inferted by thtomitted in this tranflation as trifling, (S

'

e.

1 The reverl'

e is a Chronogram, and therefore omitted.

R A T I S B O N.

Regin . S . R . I . Garnira sAnno 1662 . incboati s,A. 17 13 AugzylamVind. obpej i tron/latis ,A. 1714. cum P ace Bad. relati s Sacrum.

I n memory of the diet of the holy Roman empire, begun inyear 1662 at Rati/bon ; in 17 13 removed to Aug/burg , on acct

of the pel’tilence ; in 17 14. returned to the former, and the p

concluded at Baden.

’

As the Danube directs its courfe from hence to Vienna , it givescity an advantageous opportunity of fending thither wheat, wood ,feveral kinds

.

of provifions . The d iflance between thefe two citififty fou r German miles by water bu t the common peop le pay no r

for their paffage down the river than a creutzer a mile , fo that the wfare at this rate does not come to a Rbeni/b gu ilderfl

“ This cheapof travelling induces great numbers of young artificers and handy cr

men to go and try their fortune in that city, which is the refidenr

the imperial court ; but they do not find i t (0 eary to return to 1

homes, as they general ly fpend what they earn by their trades h

thefe unfortunate adventurers are often obliged to enl ift in the arm;fubfiflance, for it is obferved that there is not in al l Germany , fo go

recru iting place as Vienna .

Every citizen of Rafi/ban, annual ly pays 56 creutzers per cent. fc

fubfiance, whether it be in money or effects , though the former be not

ou t on interefl , and a dol lar I per cent. for the value of h is houfe or hoAs to the laft article, a perfon that purchafes a piece ofwafle grounc

an old houfe, for five h undred dol lars , and lays out on it to the val

twenty thoufand dol lars or more in bu i lding , is taxed only at five dt

annual ly for it, as long as it remains in the poffell ion of fuch a per-ft

h is heirs : But if the hoofe be fold , the quota of the tax or contribu tiregu lated by the price given for it by the new purchafer. Th

wealthy citizen may greatly benefit h is children by laying ou t part 0

fortune in buying and repairing old houfes, and letting them or

tenants ; who wi l l never be wanting as long as the Diet is held l

This indu lgence contributes greatly to the beauty of the city ; for adeal more money is on this account laid ou t in bu ilding than wou ldbably otherwife be expended that way. The total value of al l

effeéts are annual ly fworn to by every burgher before five commifli tof the taxes, who are alfo fworn to fecrecy with regard to the circ

2 s.4d. f About 2 s . 2 d. 1: 3 s . 6 d.

RAT I S B O N'

.

fiances of every individual , which by this means comes to tlledge. As the world now goes, i t is to be feared, that in fuel

tereftfometimes gets thebetter of confcience : But when exaét

happen to be made, out on account of the parties demife, or

other occafion, if fuch a fraud comes to be difcovered , the W111

above what was fworn to, is confifcated to the ufe of the pu'

b ut a few years ago, fince a family was at once amerced'

in t

fifteen thoufand guilders on fach a d ifcovery .

I (hal l conclude th is letter with the account of an odd cu ll

prevails at the peafants weddings in the villages near Rafi/ban.

bride’

s-man, at the conclufion of the ceremony attends the I

from the altar to h is chair, he pu l ls him by the hair, and h its lboxor two ontheear, undoubtedly toremindhimofwhat thepritwith regard to the duty he owes his wife, and tomake him ren

marriage contraét. For the fame pur ofe it is, that in feveral

Germany , when the inhabitants vifit t e bounds or l imits ofany boys, or young perfons, that happen to be prefent arewe

at the principal boundaries, in order to fix a fironger idea of t?their memories .

I t is l ikewife cuftomary in feveral parts of I taly , when a m:

brought to execution, for fathers to carry their ch ildren withgive them a fevere box on the ear, to imprefs on their tend:deteltation of that ignominous and untimely death, which isquenco ofwickednefs and vil lainy.

Rafi/ban, yanuary 10, 173 1.

VOL. IV.

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RAT I S B O IV.There are alfo farther difii culties about the ti tle of Excellent

the eleétoral envoys and the principal commifii oner ; for, at

the cufiom of Vienna , he gives the title of Excellency to the

Bobemia andAu/ir ia , who are always of the emperor’

s pri tand l ikewife to the con-commilfary, but not to the electo

On this account they defire h im not to invite them to anyments when fuch perfons are to be prefent as he honours wi

of Excellency ; which the imperial commiflioner punétual lynot to do. Notwithflanding thefe difputes abou t precedenc;

principal commifii oner’

s table is always wel l filled with foreignrand perfons of diftinétion , who happen to pafs that way.

Befides the differences I have al ready mentioned , the clock

infill that the imperial principal commifli oner fhould notify h ihis firft gentleman only to them.

But the prefent high commifl ioner has paid that complimenvoys of fome of the ancient princes , fignifying at the famethere was no difference of rank among his gentlemen.

“

The annual income of the prefent high commi lfioner, prinberg , amounts to twenty

-four thoufand Rbeni/b gui lders pa

of the imperial revenues, and twelve thoufand gu i lders out c

perot’

s privy-purfe. His immediate predecefi‘

or was the c

Sax-Zei tz, who was educated in the Proteflant religion ; butexerted h imfelf with fo much zeal for the propagation of Pt

the number of perfons brought over to that communion byhere and in Hungary , i s faid to be at leal i twenty thoufand

fervants and officers exactly fol lowed h is example in this partiThefe hafiy converfions are very feldom fiucere or well

and I very wel l remember what paffed betwixt the above

cardinal and Colonel a Protefiant, on th is occafion.

the cardinal ufed to give a dollar to every one who becameto the Romi/b religion ; by which means he had gained a Cl

number of the colonel’

s regiment. The cardinal one day at

for trying h is fkil l that way on the colonel , and, as one argr

ledged the example of moft of h is foldiers . But the colone

fwer, that fuch examples weighed but l ittle with him, and

cardinal laid any firefs on thofe converfions, he wou ld engagbarrels of beer to bring al l h is new converts again to Proteflzani

Thefe triflin difputes about punail io’

s are abridged in the tranflation,ng to the Eng ilb reader.t ARbmi/b guild” is about 2 3.4d.

1About 3 3. 6d.

RAT I S B O IV.

Towards the cldfe of the laft century, it was agreed between th l

commifii oner and the electoral envoys, and has fince been ratified,they (hall both give each other the title of Excellency, and that thefhal l pay the firft vifit to the con-commiflioner. On the arrivalnew electoral envoy, a day is appointed for paying the firft vifit tc

co-commiffioner, and for receiving the vifit in return ; but fromother electoral envoys , to whom he has notified h is arrival , he rec

the firft vifit. The envoy who is newly arrived pays h is vifit to thicommiflioner abou t eight o

'

clock in the morning ; and an hour afte

v ifit is retu rned . I n regard to the number of horfes to a coach , thr

this difference in the depu tations : when the evangelical body maklfirfi remonfl rance of their grievances to the imperial high co

by two envoys of eleétors , two of princes, and two of cities, thothe electors and princes go with fix horfes, bu t thofe of the citieswith two.

The envoys at Rafi/ban, as reprefentatives of electors, C‘i’

c.

very lofty ideas of their office, and affumo fuch f’rate, that when

widow of duke Freder ic-Henry of Sax-Zeitz, a princefs of the hou‘

Hobi ein came to pay a vifit to the cardinal Sax-Zietz,

brother-in-law, her h ighnefs could appear but very feldom in pcompany, becaufe the ladies of the eleétoral envoys claimed the

cedency of her . The electoral envoys were alfo for takin the r

hand of a Bavar ian prince, and l ikewife of a prince of t e hou l

e zrtenberg . I f fovereign German princes attend the Diet themfcthey fit in the college above al l the envoys of princes : but the envo;Aryir ia , Burgundy , and Saltzburg have, by prefcription, excepted tl

fclves from th is ru le, and always maintained the precedency . I t iaccount of fuch d ifpu tes about precedency , that theHol/lein envoys 1

afli ft at the col lege when a fefli on is held .

I n the treaty of friendfh ip and union , concluded in the year 1

betwixt the houfes of Brurfioicb-Wolfinbuttle and Wartenberg , to w

the king of Sweden acceded in 1729, as duke of Pomerania , i t

fiipu lated , that the ancient princes fhou ld give the new princes, acc

ing to the d ifference of famil ies, the ftyle of I llzf/ir ious-bigh-bombigb

-born alone and that the former fhou ld be termed mo/i i llu/lr iozthe latter . I t was farther concluded , with the unanimous confer.

the ancient princes, to protefi, both at the Diet and at the imperial c lagainft the partly new ceremonial obferved by the imperial principalco-commifli oners , and the electoral envoys ; and particu larly to it

that the envoys of princes fhou ld give each other the title of Excelle.

but the imperial commifli oners , and the electoral envoys, fcrupu l t

adhered to their ufual ceremonial . Foreigners make no difference,

R AT I S B 0 IV.

give them al l the title of Excellency Yet the envoy from the

reprimanded a gentleman who often ufed to dine withgiving the title ofExcellency to the envoys of princes, and defireto be too l iberal of that ti tle at h is table .

M . Cbaoigny , the prefent Frencb minifter, an artful and er

pol itician, who is only intent on compafli ng h is ends, makos l

thefe ceremonies ; and looks upon them as too puncti lious antHis predecefi

'

or. the c ount dc Gerg i , refufed to del iver h is C l‘

et

a Higb-Dutcb or Latin tranflation, on wh ich account he was

knowledged as an au thorized minifierf . As Cba fuigny was

publ ic character, the eleétoral envoys unanimoufly infifl ed ,fhou ld give them the title of Excellency , wh ich they denied tothat when he vifited them, they wou ld receive h im at the r

and condu it him down only to the thrrd fiep but that he

coivo them at their coach door and condut‘l them back thitht

perfons were of opinion that thefe demands were no more tl

trivance to h inder Cbaoigny from having too frequent converf:the envoys . Bu t he came into al l their meafures, and told

they need only give h im in writing what was defired , and he v

wi l l ingly comply in every particu lar . Hereupon he paid h iceremony in a coach and a pair of horfes, with two footmt

having fent word of his intention only by his valet de charr

l ikewife went with the fame equ ipage to the alfemblies of th '

envoys , who were all not a l ittle elevated with the thoughts

gained a confiderable advantage in point of ceremony . HC

one of thefe afi'

emblies, being in converfation with fome of t

of the ancient princes , he intimated how defirous he was of

quaintance who obferved, that as he condefcended fo far to

toral envoys, they cou ld not agree to vifit on any other footingprejudice to their principals . Cbaoigny made anfwer, Tl

trifle fhou ld be no obflacle,’

add ing , that if they wou ld on

know what hou r fuited them hell,he wou ld wait on th

cluding , that what he had fo wil l ingly condefcended to w

to the elec'

toral envoys, he wou ld b no means deny to th

princes.

'

Nothing cou ld pleafe the lbenvoys better than fuexpected compl iance, as it afl

'

orded them a fair opportunitythemfelves to a level with the electoral envoy s in one branch 0

‘

Every impartial foreigner mufi: be of the fame opinion, though the Gonna .

them in a very d ifferent l ight, as the author himfel f does.

1 When a foreign minrfier is to be acquainted with an refolution in theDiet, or the high commiflioner, it is do ne by a fecretary a ways inGerman or

the foreign envoy is obl iged to have an interpreterwith him.

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,:RAT I S B O M

Minifter with him; whereas before he was only termed refit

feldom appeared in any company ; for he refufed to give the

envoys the title of Excellency , unlefs he was honou red withti tle by them. At prefent he has adjufied that puncti lio after

ample of the Frencb and Engli/b minifters, though that of Frocare to be very fparing of the word Excellency , nfing it onlyleave of a company ; for at other times he fti les themMon/feardenbourg , Mannour de Saxe, dccThe envoys of the fiates of the empire, befides their credenti

are del ivered to the envoy of Mentz, bring with them alfo a

reel ed to the imperial h igh commifli oner, notifying to him, 1

fent as envoys toRatisbon, h is Excel lency i s defired to grant themat a proper time. The two laft envoys from the eleétot of

having brought no fuch letter, which he looked upon as fu.

the prince of Fudlenburg writ"

to Vienna abou t it, and received 1

to invite thofe envoys to the entertainments he gave, or on a

occafions .

The envoy fromM’ntz maintains, that he reprefents a Duple

and accordingly, befides the credentials which are del ivered 1

Direéi'or , he requ ires a notification as elector ofMentz. He alfo

that, upon an envoy’

s going away, and appointing a pro

proxy fhall not only be appointed in the city, but alfo that h

acquainted with it before the departure of the envoy. For tl

of this form he did not fignify to the col lege of princes , that lRec/i . who was fent for with al l expedition to affifl: at the cc

Cambray , had appointed the B run/‘ivick envoy , baron Didenfor Sax-Lauenburg and B lankenburg . . And when the latter a

the col lege of princes, that he appeared , not only in h is ow

bu t was alfo impowered to vote for the abfent envoys, the

wou ld not admit of it. Th is brought the new pretenfion of 1

envoy on the carpet ; and moft of the prefent members fided v

Diden, who proteftcd againft this innovation of the envoyBut the directors , being unwil ling to give any offence to the

Mentz, defired that he wou ld record that proteft, al lowingD idenwas otherwife duly qual ified to fit in the college of prineWe may learn what other fubjeé

’ts of complaint the f

’tates o

pire have againf’t the Moritz-Di rectory , by the remonfirance m

evangelical body to the emperor, dated Not/ember 16, 1720

al ledge, in the appendix M, that the Diet met indeed at ci

morning, but that it was general ly pafl: eleven before theMonte made his appearance there ; and that even then he amfelfwith other difcourfe, fo that no bufinefi was tranfaé

'

ted l

RAT I S B O N.

when moft of the members were going out of the college. Thacould hardly be brought to admit of any amendments in his inments, fome of which being drawn up in hafle, were of fuch a

ture, as pofleritymu ll wonder at. For inftance, the congratu latorydrefs on the taking of Belgrade, on September 6 , 17 17, and the

fwer to the countefs dowager of Baden on Marcb 6 , 1707, were

tremely confufed and incorrect. That feveral motions were r

which were not.to be found in the regifter defigned for that purlThat the envoy fromMentz feemed to think no council can be hethe interim when he is abfent ; that he not only treated the Diet.

in th is haughty manner, bu t even had made fome motions againfemperor himfelf, of which the year 1703 faw a flagrant infiance

I t is further al ledged , that the prefent envoy of the eleétor of [It

has feveral h igh poll s, and is alfo a member of the Aulic cou

which is contrary to the twenty-fourth article of the cap itu la

That he farther pretends, that nothing fhou ld be brought under

beration but what is propofed by him, and delays the engrofli n

the refolutions oftheDiet du ring h is pleafure. Thathis reports are t

defective, and has even fent letters in the name of the en

which the Prates knew nothing of. That he votes and direé

matters where he h imfelf is the party chiefly concerned , as in

affair of P ur leer , where the elector of I ll entz turned the fcale b ‘

own vote. That he del ivers credentials only to the imperialcommiflioner, judges of foreign plenipotentiaries powers withoutvening the fiates , a nd often treats on feveral points before theylegal ly admitted as fuch, Eri c. 3 c}

Some extraordinary d ifputes have arifen during the vacancy of the

ofMentz, on account of the D i refl ory ; and as this was the cal

Marcb 1729, the minif’ters of Saxony , Tr ier s and Galegu began to r

motions but the minifter of Mentz fent an inhibition to al l envoy:

prevent their appearing til l the eled oral chair of Mentz was again fiThe Saxon minifter , M . Scbonberg , a man of great talents and n

fent M . Often, theMentz envoy , a proteli againfi th is inhibition, tr

hoofe ; in wh ich he feverely animadverted on this attempt of a pr

perfon, as he then was . M . Otten,in h is counter-prote fii

higher terms ; and thefe again were ou tdone by M. ir

reply. As thefe parties interrupted al l other bufinefs with theirtell s and counter-protefis, it was refolved to adjourn, and fo wait ti lSec of Mentz fhou ld be fil led up ; after which M. Often receivednew credentials . The eleélor ofMentz complained of it in a longmorial, wherein he allerted , that a privy-counfellor of Monte; rema

always in his ofli ce ; and confequently cou ld never be looked on as

RAT I S B O IV.

a private perfon. Several members (poke againil: th is ; but af eétive protefts and counter-protefts had been delivered i tthe affair fubfided, and theDi refl ory of the Diet is fii ll conduelector ofMentz. I n theprotocol of the col lege of princes of

Auguj l 1727, it appears that the power of the chapter of Sat

continu ing the Co-dz'

refl ory , was al lowed by the col lege of prinprivilege the electors wou ld never grant to the archbilhop of

their col lege.

I n the eleétoral college the envoys fit with their hats on, I

themfelves when they fpeak. I n the council of the prinbare headed And when the proxies vote, they continue in theiwithout removin to thofe of their confiituents . As fome te

faving part of ti e exPence, or will ing to favour fome t

another city , who happens to be already at Rati/bon, it often Ct

that an envoy has feveral votes by beingproxy for feveral p

infiance, fome years ago baron P lotten nrg , was commiflionteen d ifferent ftates . I t is cuftomary among the popifh cit

larly, to give their feveral powers to one envoy, but with a vel

al lowance. The imperial cities general ly depu te the alderx

city of Rati/bon and as Goj lar , Mublbau/Z’n, and Norbban

al lowance to their reprefentatives , the council of Rati/bon,fers this charaéter on one of the magifirates of that city;Several envoys , and particu larly thofe of Wartenberg , hat

time made it a cufiom to be frequently abfent from the Diet,of legation in the mean time fupplying their place ; and th

fiances of the poll of envoy being a long time ke t vac

pafimony, the (l ate being in themean time informed 0 the tr:

the Diet, by the fecretaries of legation. But the other er

that their numbers wou ld very much dwindle by fuch a praé

cou ld not but be detrimental to the publ ic welfare, it was reno fecretary of legation, in the abfence of the envoy, fhou ld b

be prefent at making the entries .

The envoys indeed regu late themfelves by the infiruCtionsf eétive courts : However, cafes may happen in which fav'lhewn to a party even contrary to fuch infirutftions, namely ,

agreed to with other envoys, to acqu iefce in the majority of

which it is not often that the envoys are incl ined to difi'

ent.

Not a few envoys from the princes of the empire have itconform themfelves to the vote of theAufir ian envoy ; a:

envoy once upon fuch an occafion, in the fimplicity of hisclared in a full Diet; that he was ordered fo todo.

VOL . IV. H h

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R A T I S B’

O N.

However, one confiderable error the counts of Pappenbe.verfally charged with , is, that their deputies at the Diet h

ways been perfons of abilities and virtues, requifite for fuch a

I t is a quefl ion with tome whether the continual fefli on o

advantageou s or not to the emperor and empire ? But for

cannot fee why it fhou ld not be read il y anfwered in the

The emperor’

s minifiers, indeed , wou ld have it believed, l

vantages are whol ly on the ti de of the Germanic Rates, and

the charges of the Diet to the houfe ofAufi n'

a amount an

hundred thoufand dollars per annum. But it plainly appears

let'

s for the emperor’

s advantage ; for otherwi fe hemufton ever)obliged to fend a minifier to every court of whofe afiifia

fiand in need . Befides, it wou ld be fearce poffible for the l l

of Germany , to be fupported againfi: the great and

tpot

Pofli bly a few of the molt powerfu l princes might find ein

the difl'

olution of the Diet ; but the general good of the Go

wou ld inevitably fufi'

er, and the confequence wou ld be nothi

downright anarchy and confufion.

Another queftion is, whether the Diet be of any confi det

tage to the city of Rati/bon, where it is held ? If the money 1

there on that occafion be only confi dered , it mu ll : unqueftio

fervice to the town however, thefe advantages are not fo grea

appear at firft fight, if feveral concomitant circumftances beaccount.

I n the firft place, the city apprehends that by too comm

of the exemption from paying the ufual duties, with which en1

v i leged , their domefiics under that fanction often import gare the property of the trading inhabi tants , to the great prej lcity cu ll oms . The quantity of provifions brought over the bDanube, in feven days, with permits, as for the ufe of 1

frequently amounts to the value of eighteen hundred or t\

guldens .

Befides , feveral of the popifh envoys are (0 far tranfporte

gious zeal or rather bigotry, that they fend for al l their prother neceflaries from Hof and other neighbouring placesthat Rati/bon, which is a Lutberan city, may reap as l ittle 2

pofii ble from them.

The great number of proteCtions given by fome envoys

prejudice to the city ; for a certain envoy had no leis than

who fi iled themfelves ofh is retinue, and confequently paid ne'

contri butions , impoli s, or any of the common city taxes, thfame time they kept fhops and publ icly exercifed trades,envoys l ikewife al low their fervants to carry on trade, and

H h a

R A T I S B O N.

anétion coachmen and lacqueys fet up publ ic houfes, and draw ye

>me hundreds ofhogfheads of beer, which , as they pretend, are al l

l lS Excellency’

s houthold . I t is the fame with regard to wine, whl efe privileged publicans import clear of al l duty ; fo that they r

afily afford to fell it at a lower

"pr

ice than the fair trader. Severa

he foreign minifl ers have expre ed their difapprobaton of this er

nous abufe of protefi ions ; and M . Dieden, the Brunfwic minif’ter,

ften deelared , that he wou ld never al low of fuch a praétice ; whicl

not only unju lt in itfelf, but refleéts difhonour on h imfelf and his rt

rafter .

I t is alfo no inconfiderable trouble to the magiftrates, that, on the

ancy of the fmal left pofl , they are importuned with a vail numberecommendations from different envoys, in behal f of perfons who h

nade appl ication for their interefi ; fo that in the d ifpofal of empltents they cannot confult their own incl inations, or promote thofe, wkrvices have deferved wel l at their hands . Befides, when any d i

ences arife in the city, the burgo-mafters and other magifl rates

ibliged to put up with a great deal of harfh language, efpecial ly fr

ome POpifh envoys . To this may be added the many warm d ifp t

he magifl rates have with the deputies of the hereditary marfhal of

mpire, relating to the jurifdiél-ion of the city, the protection of

form, and other privileges . Lafl ly, it is the opinion of fome, t

nany of the country nobi lity , from a notion that the envoys are wa

ng in paying a proper regard to them, keep themfelves at their fend confequently fpend lefs money in the city than formerly. Tl

entlemen, however, will be condemned by al l impartial judges pol

refs towards firangers, who have any degree of good manners,ng the d ill ingu i lh ing charaéterifl ic of the publ ic miniflers rcfidingQati on .

F'bb

reigners can never be at a lofs for amu fements at Rati/bon, as t

lave free accefs to the canonelfes, the daily afietnbl ies, and a gnamy entertainments . Thofe gentlemen who are fond of gaming

'

lfo meetwith perfons he re ready to gratify their difpofition ; fornot unknown to you , Sir, how far an immoderate pafiion for thi s dl lion has carried fome Rati/bon ladies . As the Rates of the empire, v

end envoys to the Diet, are very numerous, and as every court fe

refi t infi ruétions to its refpeétive envoy there are, when any new at

tomes on the tapis , fo many vacations, or adjournments of the D

hat the envoys cannot be faid. to have a very fatigu ing employment.

I forgot to mention above, th at there is no complete record kept

Kati/ban of the tranfaétions of the envoys of any fingle fiate, wh

ould be highly proper ; and that the molt ancient documents to

fOJ

R AT I S B’

0 N.

found there go no farther back than the car 1654. Thatof

envoys , however, exceeds molt ot ters : but thofe of‘

ll

are the belt records, wh ich is owing to the appl ication and jutM . Sturm, the fecretary of legation to that city .

As to the ' treaty of Mfipbalia , Stutgard mu ll be polTelTe

valuable accounts of it : for theWurtemberg envoy at that ti l

{hare in the moft important tranfaétions , and left behind 11volumes in fol io, fu l l of memorials and narratives .

Al l that remains on this head is to give an account, as yr

of the change of rel igion, and the death of count Metternicl

envoy from Brandenburg . Th is nobleman fet out on good 1always declaring for moderation , and oppofing al l perfecu tio

count of religion, as contrary to natural jufl ice. But he too

parted from this moderate way, and became a Latitudinarian irciples , til l at lafl h is avarice and ambition carried h im to great

than he ever thought he lhou ld have gone . His thirfl afterduced h im to bel ieve, that a confiderable advantage might bethe purchafe of an el’tate in Bobemia ; fo that both he and hi

Baron Metternicb, and General Regal , the Count’

s fon-ln-l

drawn in to lay out the bell part of their fortunes upon it. T

indeed, was of a very large extent ; but the fituation was fo

none of the moft agreeable, and the foil far from being not,

fertility . The drift of this triumvirate was , that th is efl ate

held by Count Mctternicb'

s fon, who had embraced the Romarel igion . Bu t providence baffled th is ambitious fcheme ; fo

d ied foon after, in the bloom of h is youth . The death of t]

gentleman was foon followed by that of General Regal on WI)!h is widow was advifed , either to turn Roman-cathol ic, or fel l

I n this alternative the latter appeared to be attended with greand lofs , (0 that the former expedient was chofen ; and the

fii l l l iving in Bobemia ,and refides on that oli ate . Befides , it

that, after General Regal’

s deceafe, the new proprietor of the

obliged to be entered on the landed regil’ter and on that acc0t

fum was to be paid as aid money , though the greateftp art'

private pu rfcs . Thi s put Baron Metternicb fo much out of

that he cal led in his thirty thoufand guldens which he had la.

the citate.

As to CountMctternicb, he received . the facrament on the

December , 1727, from the hands of a reformed minifter,chaplain to the B atob cmbafi

'

y. Some time after, whilft he I

the torture of the fione, the prince of Furfienburg , the empelcommifiioner, fent often to enquire after the Count

’

s health -by

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I N G O L D S TAD TI

ofadhering to fidel ity and truth, till he had learned that itwasking

'

s maxim ? Certainly every honel l: man would have ob,

maxim, though Lewi s XIV. had never been heard of. Bi

Count might very eali ly have met with many inl lances in hill oprinces, who, in the practice of this article, far furpafied thatwhole capita l maxim it was faid to be.

*

Count Metternicb’

s widow continues in the Evangelical 0

rel igion , and is Hil l l iving at Rafi/ban.

Rati/bon, February 1 1, 173 1 .

L E T T E R XCV.

Journey from Ratflbon to Hei lbronn.

S I R,

dil tance from Rati/bon to I ngold/ladt is five 1the road l ies al l the way through a fine plain.

is remarkable for the beauty of the buildings , its ll raitfireets , and is high ly celebrated among the Rm amcatholi

count of the univerl i ty founded there. The number of l

prefent is about leven or eight hundred and among thele aretlemen of d ill inétion. As the yer/b its have likewife a particula

in this city, their whole fociety, priell s (of whom there are

twenty-four ) lay-brothers, profell

'

ors and other mal ters inclutral ly confillzs at leal i of a hundred and fifty perfons . Thc

which was founded byAppian, the mathematician, is eightlength , and has a gal lery which goes round the upper part 01

embel l ilh ed with good fcu lpture in oak ; and on the cieling at

traits of Bellarmine and other celebrated Jefuits ; lo that thvery well worth feeing.

The Count, in the confufed letter quoted above, feems to have a doubll

the word Fey, as it l ignifies the Fa itb, al luding to the Pop ilh rel igion, and Fidfaith ; which the author has over looked. I f the Count took the word in the

tation, no monarch in Europe was ever lefs obfervant of that maxim than LthatMa ternieb’s intefleél s mull certainly have been impaired when he wmte t

I N G O L D S TAD T.

At the entrance are the portraits of feveral yet/nits drell'

ed l ikemandarins, and in other habits, wh ich they wore in foreign Ct

as mi ll i onaries .

How l ittle loever the Romij b religion is obliged to this order

propagation in the cold northern climates , and luch countries as

remarkable for their extraordinary fertil ity and riches ; yet thehave exerted an indefatigable zeal in the converfion of power

opu lent nations . Of th is Great Br itain and the Eafl-I ndier are

inll ances And no hard lh ip, no danger, nor even death itfelf, v

always extolled as a martyrdom, has been able to d ifcourage t

of Loyola from profecuting their views in thofe ferti le and ricitries . FatherAvr i l, in his voyages publ i lh ed in the year 169that of the fix hundred yej/iti ts , who from time to time have gfea to Cbina , fince they obtained permiffion to fettle there, five 1have loll: their l ives in the voyage, either by ficknefs or lh ipwreclAdjoining to the l ibrary is father Urban

’

s col lection of curiofitic

large beautiful apartment. I t exh ibits a variety of foreign arms ,u tenl i ls, antiqu ities, manu fcripts , animals, pictures , lhel ls , optiother mathematical inltruments . But thefe curiofities for the m

lye confufed, and not arranged in any order ; either becaufiUrban

’

s uneafinefi’

es caufed h im to be lefs fol icitou s about them

caufe the other 3mm, in order to mortify father Urban, whomways cal l a firange felf

-conceited humou rift, neglect thefe thingstemptible trifles . Here due duke ofAI ar lborougbwas prefented wit]of a lku l l , wh ich had belonged to no lefs a perfon than the famouCromwell , whofe body, after the reltoration ofmonarchy, is faidbeen dug up and drag

’

d through London fireets toTyburn.

apt to doubt the authenticity of th is rel ique ; and no lofs fufpici

brafs mi l itary enfign of the ancient Romans , with a fpread cagl

crown over the heads ; the origin of the double imperial caglvery probably of a much more modern date . The bell: ar

valuable pieces belonging to th is col lection father Urban has inchamber, where he is kept as a clofe prifoner . As the advent

this perfon are fometh ing uncommon, you wil l give me lea

to fend you an account of them, as it was related to me byRoman-cathol ics .

Father Urban was for feveral years confeffor to the eleétor

j obn lVi/liam, of the houfe ofNeuburg , and for h is learning and

was in great favour with that prince. Both the elector and h is c

were engaged in trying alchymical experiments : But the

cu riofity was not confined to thele for it prompted him to othn

riments, in which he fpared no expence. The confelfor alfo p :

I N G O L D S TAD T.

and afii ll ed at th efe l l ud ies ; (0 that every th ing appertaining tor iments , Cé

’c. pall ed through h is hands . I f any remarkable

were offered for fale to the eleél or, father Urban general ly h

thing of the fame kind in miniature every one ll riving to g:

vour by fuch prefents, wh ich he often received from the eleél o

And as father Urban had the care Ofmoll of the curiofities, t

dying without ilTue bequeathed them al l to h im. Before ti

d ied he had alfo brought the General of the 37min to an agreer

by a particu lar d if enfation, father Urban, after the demife of th

l hou ld be al lowed)

to take up h is refidence in any col lege of

p leafed , and to live there with a brother of the order exemptufual d ifcipl ine. After the eleél or

'

s deceafe father Urban t

Edith ; college at Land/but for h is place of refidence. He thereis curioli ties in feveral apartments, clofely applied h imisll udies, and was univerfal ly beloved and elleemed for his inll rt

agreeable converfation. His former relidence and interell at

given h im an opportunity Of getting a great infight into the

h is order ; and as he had been u led to a more free manner of l'

not improbable, that the ye/uitr did not always rel ilh h is way of

He once appointed the following remarkable Tbefir

Quid/it yewta, nemofcit, ni/i guifuit ipj i’ j e/uita .

NOman knows what a j ig/nit is, but he that has been a j g

But whatdrewon h im themortal hatred of h is order was thor alms-hou les, he undertook to bu ild, and almoll accomplilladvifed the late eleél or Palatine to demand of the Dutcb a hu t

e ighty thoufand gu ilders, which were aél ual ly due as arrears

fidies , but looked upon at Dufleldorp , as an irrecoverable deleleél or once h inting as much , father Urban faid , That if th

was accounted as loll , hi s highnefs had better bell ow it on h imthe Dutcb have it And when the eleél or alked h is confell

'

or,

would do with fuch a fum ? The latter made anfwer, That he

to bu ild and endow an hofpital for the poor with it. The cl

dill iking father Urban’

s good intentions, ordered proper inll ru

be made out, to empower h im to receive the money. With t]dential s father Urban went to Holland

,where he managed n

wel l , that he brought away with him a hundred thoufand gtthe demand.

VOL . IV.

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N E U B U R G.

confu lt the teélor of the col lege , and aftewards pay an impl icitto his d ireél ions. Some time after, a pol l chaile ll opped at t

gate ; and by a certain number of pul ls at the bel l , accordin

vious agreement, notice was given who the perfon was that th~and father Urban was cal led accordingly . When he came tl

he found two j ej uits in the chaife, who put into h is handsorder from the Provincial , or General , by virtue Ofwhich he vdelay to get into the carriage with them ; wh ich he Obeyemanner they conveyed h im to I ngoyladt, where they left

pretence that he had the gout, the chol ic, and a complicati l

d iforders and ordered fome perfons to attend h im, to prevent

h is efcape, and alfo to obferve in what manner he wou ld gi

h is relentment againll his brethren the yefizits . With mu

at lall obtained leave to fend for his col lection of curiofities, a

a particu lar apartment built for the reception of them. He isfeventy three years Old, and fpends al l h is time in a clOfe ap]h is ll ud ies . The vu lgar look upon him as a magician, at

that he intimately converfes with familiar fpirits. Al l I fhal lof this extraord inary perfon, is , that the celebrated Leibnitz

duced at the emperor'

s , the eleél or Pa latine’

s, and feveral othe

father Urban.

I n the parochial church at Ingolj ladt is lhewn an image of

Mary , with one of the kings of France, in a long blue l'

Obl

with golden l il ies, kneel ing before it. The whole work, lfl l

pedellal , is a foot and a half high , and is ofmafi'

y gold , embefenamel and jewels ; lo that it i s valued at a hundred thoufand

leall . Pofii bly this was a gift of Char les VI . king of F:

married Elizabetb, a filler of Ludovicus Barbatus, or Lewis

duke of Bavar ia . Afmal ler image of the arch-angel Mlobbalance in h is hand, wh ich i s l ikewife Of gold enamel led an

jewel s, belong to this groupe.Neuburg , the capital of the dutchy Of the fame name, 1

league and a half from I ngolayladt. I t is a pretty town

fantly fituated . The ducal palace atNeuburg is particu larlyfor a fine hal l .

Part of the bit pric ofAiclyladt, and the county of Pap;on the r ight fide of the road leading fromNeuburg to Donnau

thele countries are famous in natural b illory for yielding Der.

k ind ofwhite flate exhibiting the reprefentations of trees, as

cray-filh and otherfilhes Often found in thole l lones . The landl

6 c. are for the moll part produced by a corrofive fpirit, whichi tfelf into the fifi

'

ures and interll ices of the ll one, runs into t

I i 2

D O NA IV E R T H.

egular lines . I have by me a petrified filh found in Pappenbeim, wlis furrounded on al l fides w ith little trees ; and I am inclined to th

that a kind of ll ime indu rating by degrees, fO as to become a l l .

comprefi’

ed the filh , and that the ju ices i lTu ing from it may have for:

the ramifications or l ittle trees . I n feveral of thefe petrified filheshead and fore part of the body is bent over the tail , which is fuppto be owing to the ll ruggl ing of the filh , in order to extricate itfe]firll from the flime . The bones of the Pappenbeim andAicbfladt p.lied fill i es are general ly of a light brown colou r* . One fpecies of

Detrified filhes found at Aiclyladt refembles the cray-filh , except

cgs, which are very long, and refemble the h ind legs of a lOl

They are found alive in the Adr iatic, and are a fpecies Of theA/iwhich is cal led P agurus . I faw two very beautifu l petrifac

‘l ions Of

( ind in Mr . Geij i'l’

s cabinet at Nurenberg .

Among the other petrifacl ions of Aicb/iadt are feveral Ccrnua An

zis, Vermer mar iu i , ova;'ia pi/Zium, cocbleee umbi licata '

, j lt’l/u? mar inoe

liq/[e minaret , Lacertee, folia prunorumjylve/lr ium, j o/ium Ceteracb,

antum nigrum Sc ruta murar ia , Fi lin piana li s dentatir, Tr icboma‘

ula , Cotyledon, fidnmAlpinummaj ur, j olium-Laur i,8CC . Beau tifu l fp

nens Of al l thefe may be feen in Zannicbelli’

s cabinet at Venice.

This country alfo affords feveral Roman antiqu ities, particularl jAltmubl .Apoll -flage and a half brought us fromNeubwg toDonawertb:

atter is a well ‘ bu ilt town, and is famou s for the vicl ory Obtained byZonfederates over the Bavar ian: at the beginning of this century .

nemory of it is preferved on feveral medals, of which I lhall only i t

ion that ll ruck in honou r of prince Augu/lus Ferdinand Of Brunfiil/olfenbuttle, who was ki l led in the aél ion . On one, fide of it is

lead Of the prince, with this infeription

Augzg/l . Ferdin. Dux Br . Lun . Better .

On the reverle is a trophy , and a P ega/ur, or winged horfe, over

funeral pi le on one fide, and a battle on the other. On the pedefl :

he trophy are thele words

Ant. Ulr . D. B . (S? L. Frat. Fi l . Opt. mer . F. P

The legend

Dant arma~tropbceum, cadra rogum

At Ifl llbrgrode, in the d ill riél ofBeilflein, in the landgravate ofHe] ? Cafi l, are l i

ri lied filhes, very wel l preferved in a black llate, impregnated with abundance ofc01

5 A)

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H O C'

H S‘T

'AD T and B L E NH E I IMArms give h im trophies, and the camp a grave.

’

I n the exergue are the fol lowing words

Ca/i r ir in Scbellenberga

Ad Donawerdam expugnatrs,Gallir Boj ar ij yue j ugati r,

Morr glor io/a .

2 27111. MDCCI V.

The Scbellenberg camp near Donawertb being forced , and tland Bavar ian: pu t to flight, he gloriou lly expired on the 2d

Two miles from Donafwertb l ie Hock/ladt and Blenbeim, plac

wi l l never be forgotten ,on account of the glorious viélory oh

the fame year by the Confederates over the Frencb and Bavar ia;is no pyramid, nor any other monument, on the field where th

battle was fought ; fo that the flory of a Gaj con’

s remark on

pyramid there is without foundation.

However, I have procured a medal that was ll r uck on the

on one l i de of which are two angels fupporting the heads Of

grave Lewis Of Baden, prince Eugene, and the duke of Mar

with this infeription

P robata j ociorum virtus fdc ue.

Aoroof of thefidel ity and courage of theAl lies

I n the exergue. are thefe words

Francoma firvata',SW e: Liberata

i . e. Franconia laved, and Swabia del ivered in 1704T he duke ofMarlborougb ou ht to have the firll place on this medal, as ldeem chief on that glorious y.

H OCH S TADT and B LENH E I M.

On the reverfe is a trophy near a river , with a Genius writingtable,Augn/l XI I I . the day on which the battle was fought ; and

'

it are

Tallard. Fr . Mare/2b. cummult. Ducib. GS"X . mi llib.

i . e. Marlhal Tallard, together with a great number of Officers, atthoufand foldiers taken prifoners .

’

I n the exergue are thefe words

Gal/i s Bavargfque devifl is,

The Frencb and Bavar ian: defeated.

’

Round the edge is this infeription

Def’

enj a fortI ter Contra gaLLos £9"boIoar I or gerManI a .

-l~

Germany bravely defended againl l the Frencband Bavar ians.

Another medal ll ruck on this glorious occalion reprefents on on

the head Of prince Eugene, with this infeription

Eugen. Fran D Sabated. Cog/i Exerc. Gener . Commend.

EugenioFranci/i o, duke Of Savoy, commander in chief of the ,

‘

rial army .

’

On the reverfe is to be feen the angel dell roying the army of

cber ibfi with thefe words, partly al luding to the prince’

s name

i . e. By the power of a good genius .

’

I

1 This is a chronogramaccording to theGerman talle.zKingr, chap. xix. v. 35.

Gt

o

This is a kind of pun, and alludes to the Greek particle iv, and the Latinw as .

H OCH S TAD T and B L E lV.H E I I l

The infeription round it is as fol lows

Gal/is Bavar ifgue ece/is, Tallardo cumX . mi llibur capti : ,ad Hocb/ladium. MDCCI V

The Frencb and Bavar ian: routed with great flaughter, nt

j ladt and Tallard taken prifoner, with ten thoufand men, 1;

Round the edge are thefe words

Glor ia ad Tiblyi umHungar ia: parta renovatur ad DanubiumGe;

The glory gained near the ‘Teis in Hungary , renewed

Danube in Germany .

’

The noblell monumentwhich ever any General could boall

erecl ed to the duke Of Mar lborougb by aft of parl iament

B lenbeim-bou e, to which the manor of ”food/lock, a town lyi1

eight Engli/b miles from Oxford, is annexed . That grand edili s faid to have coll above a mil l ion llerl ing ; befides wh ichrevenue of five thoufand pounds was fettled upon the duke. TI

in the aft of parliament, relating to this noble donation, are to

on the pedeflal of an elegant pillar ereél ed in Blenbeim park ; a}

the duke’

s ll atue, wh ich l l ands in the palace, are the following

Ecce Virumfiabi les cui Gen: Augu/la PenatesCu i frabl a : tandemGallia debet opes.

Hia veteremAng liacce v i rtuti in/laurat bonorem

Son re: con/flioj i u fit agenda manu .

Non animoAugudu: melior , non j uliu: armi : ,Seu mulcet gentes i lle, vel i lle domat.

i . e. Behold the hero to whom Germany owes its prefervationwhole viél orious arms the power of France was humbled .

the antient Br iti/b glory to the highefl pitch , and was equallyfor the cabinet and the field . Like yuliu: he conquered fom

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B L E N H E I M.

Among other panegyrics on this Englifb hero, I have metfol lowing e

gitaph, by an anonymous hand , which I th ink not t

of a place ere :

s is 89”

quanta: freer-itD I obannes Cburrbi l .

.Malbur iee Dux 69°Sacr i Rom Imper i i Pr inceps,

Fortitudinis, Clementine, Con/17a Fidei fanui flat-air,

I lln/irgfirnornm Imperatorwn in pr imis ponend m,Nearo ei in acie rgeitit,

Nallarn Uroenr obj éflam ni/i vifl ain dia l/it,Semper ficunda

‘

fortund pugna'vit,

P atr iarn magno tyrannidis meta liberav it,Ex Germanié eunéia

'

que Europa"

fer vitntern profligav it,N exaué

'

t'oratus fur-Wet

Ad parta: Par tyiorwn defianrmi Import: difniceg‘

fll’t,Deeirnofixto die I uni i MDCCXX I I .

To P O STER I TY.

How great a man j obn Cburebi ll , duke of Mar lborougb, ar

of the holy Roman empire, was , learn, travel ler, from this

count. He was equal ly famed for valour, clemency, wiqfidelity, and might very juil ly be ranked among the molt icommanders ; he was, in all his battles, victorious, in all I

fuccefsful , in al l his enterprizes fortunate. He freed his counthe a rehenfions of im din tyrann refcued Germany anfrom

liiie chains pre redpefbr em ; arid , had he not been de

h is command, wou d have fought a decifive battle at

Par is. Being fpent with toils and fati es, he died

yane 1722 , leaving to himfelf an il lufi‘

r

l

ious name, to hisample fortune, to future heroes 9. model ofmil itary virtue, a:

that knew him themournful talk of lamentin the irreparableVOL. IV. K k

gK

AN S PAC H.

Krail/beim, a pol l-town of d nfpaeb, I take notice of only on sea

of the dean’

s l ibrary ; in which is a Latin manufcript of the O ld

New Tell ament, wh ich formerly belonged to the l ibraryCor'vinas, king ofHungary ; as may be inferred from h is picture, and

reprefentations of feveral ravens with which the binding is decor:The text in the firfi epill io of St. yalm, concerning the Three Witneis not to be found in this Manufcript. The country ofAnflacb ifertile, that by the eftablifhment ofmore manufactures it might be rto a very flourifhing cond ition ; and the Zaubel wool , as it is called , m

in that cafe turn to very good account. This wool is of uncomifoftnefs and finenefs, and ferves for mak ing hats and fiockings . I t gr

on a fmall kind of fheep, wh ich are {born twice a year, and alfo 1

every fpring and au tumn. They frequently bring forth two lambs

time ; but the latter are apt to degenerate . Their flelh i s both faand of a finer flavour, than other mutton . The common fort of {h

which are here cal led Flemi/b fheep , are alfo bred in this country :their wool is long and courfe, and the ih eep are l ikewife mote hardyvigorous than the Zaubel fheep .

’

The latter are (0 tender, that thCYt

not bear the inclemency of the weather in the open air at night ; butdeed , no flocks may be fafely ventu red here al l night in the fields ,reafon of the great number of wolves which harbou r in the neighbouwoods . Though a vail number of thefe pernicious animals have i

defi royed y et they are not fuffered to be qu ite extirpated , that the priand great men may not be deprived of the pleafu re ofw olf-hunting .

Salt-petre and pot-alhes are made in the difiriCt of Krai l/laeim

regu lar veins of agate , chalcedony, and fardonyx, wh ich in hard

ome up to the oriental , bu t are fu l l of flaws , and inferior to the l :in lu ll te , are found in feveral parts of th is Margm

rvate. Apartic

fort of porcelain is made atAffi ne/J, wh ich , indeed , has hitherto hgood vent ; but brings in little profit, as it is not farmed , but man:by. (ome overfeers appointed by the prince. The late Margy

-avemat

great feerst of the method of laying gold , mixed with blue or gr

on porcelain and , pofhbiy, the only perfon now acquainted withfecret is one Nagelfc

‘bmied, who was very ferviccable to the bfargra‘z

the elaboratory , and was for h is ik il l and hone l’ty promoted to be onthe overfe ers of the porcelain manu factory . The happy and 1

government of the above-mentioned Afargm've, in his latter years,ticu larly on account of his care for the poor, fii ll l ives in . the grat

minds of h is fubjeél s . He formerly del ighted in keeping ,wild-bea

and even had young bears kept in his fon’

s apartment, that in h is cl

hood he might be inured . to them. But at laft he difpofed of t

afish and appl ied the money he ufual ly expended in that idle we

AN S PAC H.

the rel ief of the poor. The lalt of thofi‘. animals that the

kept, was a lynx, which he ordered to be chained to a ftaki

Margra've in the prefence of feveral perfons aiming at the l

creature with a gun, {hot the link to which the col lar wa

Upon this the lynx immed iately broke loofe in a great fl

Marge-ave courageoufly flood h is ground ; bu t h is attend :

were all unarmed , took to their heels. While the lynx wa

them, one of the game keepers providential ly came up wit]

p iece, and put an end to the alarm by fhooting the creatu re d

f ot.PThe fol lowing is fl il l a greater infi ance of the courage of this

He once ventu red alone, and withou t arms , into the place w

was kept, to fave the l ife of a boy, whom the inconfiderat

the l ion had , in a paf fion, [b ut up there . The poor b

dangerous fituation was kneel ing before the l ion , wh ich 1

growled at h im, and continual ly crying out in amelancholy t

good Mr. Lion, don’

t hu rt me!’ I t feems h is matter had n

th is expedient as a kind of torture, to bring the boy to cont

had fiole a pair of gloves . But the brutifh mailer, after pu ttin

boy in this dreadfu l fituation, went out of the houfe , and left

mercy of the l ion . Th is l ion d id not belong to the Margr

only offered h im for fale bu t the Margra've would not pureh

mating that the money might be better employed for the re

poor. Some of the cou rtiers declared , that the owner of tl

ferved to be fent to work at the fortifications of.Wi l/buq

Il l argrafve only gave him a fevere reprimand , that he might I

punith the owner in order to get h is l ion, by way of forfeit.Th is putsme in mind of the old dutchefs of Or leans

'

s adven

l ion, which I fhall relate as I had it from Madame Ratio/21mi nwas prefent. The dutchefs being at Fontainbleau faw a great

people [landing together in the fireet,‘

and fending to know th

was informed , that they were viewing a l ion which was {hut uof cage. Upon this her h ighnefs went out to fee the lion ,

peared tame and gentle. However, the ladies that attende

fo terrified, that they earneftly begged of the dutchefs not I

longer, adding that the l ion was to be fhewn at Fontainbleau

place where the fpeé’tators might view it in fafety . The du

quently enqu ired, whether the place for th ewing the l ion wasand when [he was informed , that every thing was ready, htwent th ither, in order to have a ful l view of the l ionthought that {he would foon return again, and were exchangin

ments when a fudden cry was heard ofj'

auvez madame ; l . e.

K k 2

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H E I L B R O IVN.

The difiance fromHall to Oebr ingen is a poft ftage and a h

a league from the latter l ies the l ittle town ofNeu/lein, and a

very wel l bu ilt palace, both wh ich belong to the count ofGe!The imperial city of Hei lbronn, i . e. health-fpring, derive

froma fpri'

ng , wh ich , by means of feveral condu its, fuppl ies th iexcellent water in fovea d ifferent places . This water, at prei

ufed medicinally as it formerly was ; but continues in great re]extraordinary clearnefs and falubri ty. To the ufe of thisemperor Char les V. attributed h is recovery, in the year 154dangerous fit of ficknefs . This event is commemorated by theinfeription in h igh Dutcb, wh ich is to be feen on a houfe be

the prelates of Scontba l , bu t at prefent inhabited by the poli ma

I n the year 1546, on the twenty fourth day of Dec

emperor Char les V. was brought h ither in a l itter, and in

the 18th of yanuary , he rode from hence in perfeét healthback.

’

On each fide of th is monument fiand Fortitude and C iemc

four other virtues, and two crown’

d pil lars with the well kumtion, P lus ultra . I n th is houfe is alfo to be feen a portrait ofwhich he left behind h im when he went away. I t is wel l exe

refembles. all the portraits of that emperor, done by Holbei ;have feen.

Formerly the women of Hei lbronn wore on their heads

horns about a fpan lon made of black cloth , by way of

drefs. I not only faw t e figure of a woman with thefe horn

graved on a pillar in. the church but alfo happened to meetold women here, not many years hues , who obfi inately adhe

old fafhion . This cuftommay eafily be lhewn to have been de

th e Germans of the molt remote antiquity. But this fubjeétferve for another occaftonj "

Laft year there was fuch plenty of wine in this countryup on the banks of the Neckar , that the inhabitants had not

number of cal l-ts to put it in and wine of the growth of the :wh ich could be heft fpared, was fold for a half creutzer 1

1' Among the ancient German: and . other northern nations, an erect horn

and fefi ivity, as an inverted horn was the emblem of forrow, or of the 1

merriment. Of this there is a plain proof in the Rani : calender ; where C

fefiival of the greatell°

oy, is marked with an ereét horn, and the conclufioninverted one. Vid. erel. adHermr . Sag. r. 16.

t About a farthing.

H E I D E L B U R G.

Rbine are nearly equal , and amount annual ly to a mill ion of guldens .

for the revenues from the duchy of Neuburg , and the difiriéts belor

to it, I cou ld get no accurate account of them.

The territories of Deuxponts , which belong to a particu lar branithe Palatine family , bring in yearly three hundred thoufand guldensThe behaviour of the prefent palfgrave Gzyla

'vus Samuel , both

regard to h is religion and marriage, you are not ignorant of. A.

was fent h im with al l pofli ble fpeed , by king Stani/laus, of the fu

death of Cbar ler XI I . king of Sweden, that he might thefure of the principality which then devolved to him; but, notwithll

ing this friendly intel ligence, the palfgrave ordered Stung/lane to quidominions immed iately, and wou ld not (0 much as lend a hugle cat

to remove his baggage ; though at that time king Stani/Iaus’

s fin

were fo low, that he had no more cafh than twenty Louis d’

ors t

The next heir to this electorate is yobn Car i/l iner, the palfgrat

Sultzbaeb ; but h is manner of l iving and confl itution do not pn

either health or long life : for he i s extremely fat for his years, geneeats four times a day, and at every meal drinks three bottles of

wine, befides two more of Tod ay wine, which he al lows h imfelfdays ,Upon the dentife of th is gentleman and h is heirs the eleétorate dev

to the pal Bircbenfeld, a zealou s Lutberan, who was fort

too much addiéted to pleafure, but is reformed of late.1A perfonmay judge of the fruitfulnefs of the foil in the Upper J

twata only by confidering, how often it has been barbaroufly ravagc

the enemy with in a century, and yet the inhabitants have already a”

.

retrieved their loiTes . The Freneb thought to have utterly ru inec

whole country by ravaging itwith fire and (word, and rendered it

r want of fufienance for the inhabitants : but foon after thi

people came out of their hiding places, and cultivated the lands a

For it does not appear, that a war is here looked upon as fuch a

calamity as it is in other countries ; at leafi fuch a v ifitation is no

ferved to work any reformation in the manners of the inhabitants.I n 1684, after the Prenca had l ived at difcretion in the Palm

‘during the preceding war, they made unheard of demands, with ithreatenings, which were accomplifhed without anymitigation. Awas at a juncture when the molt barbarous perfecution was carrie

f This epicure d ied a few years after his fecond marriage.

t Cbr i/rian the third, palfgrave ofBirebenfeld, was born in the year 1674, and d

735

a n a c s r a a s s a

againft the Proteftants in France, it may be fuppofed what

palfgrave, who was a Proteftant, might expeét from foch an i

The late eled or fpent molt of his time at a feat cal led

diverfions and fplend id entertainments , for the pleafure of

honour of the name of Rid, of whom he was enamoured

other entertainments, the eleétq r and the whole court affumedhabits, and ceremonials of the Sultan and h is court. The '

laid ou t in the Turki/b manner, and a mock l i ege was carrieda cattle near Manbeim,

to which the name of Negropont had iI t was purely owing to the univerfal prevalence of pleafu rc

governor of the cattle obtained h is pardon ; for at the appro

co urt-equ ipage he had made a fudden fal ly, and carried ofi’ t]

ferv ice of plate, with the wine and other provifions . The

foon returned bu t the governor regaled h is garrifon with thtprovifions . The elector indeed at firft feemed highly provorough ufage , but was foon pacified . Abou t a year after, this rand not withou t fufp icion of being poifoned .

About two leagues from Heidelberg the Berg/tr ifle or mmbegins ; in travel ling along which an I talian is (and to have bro.

this exclamation : O Germania , Germania Iquam veller rifle

0 Germany , Germany , how fain wou ldeft thou be I taly!flraj é extends as far as Darmfiadt ; but the heft part ofHeidelberg to Ben/bean, where it is about eight leagues in 1'fou r in breadth . This continual chain of hills and eminenrigh t-hand is covered with woods near the top , and, nearer thevineyards. The level road is al l along planted with rows

trees, with fields and meadows of an exuberant fertil ity on

Some writers cal l the Berg/lrafié the priefts-feat ; for the Po

have the fagacity in every country to make choice of the richefertile fpots to refide on : however, in feveral places of the

the clergy fcom to have taken up with what they cou ld get.

The dutchy of Mi lan is certainly of a ferti lity which n

exceed : bu t as that country is all on a level , and the roads

eye is not entertained with that agreeable variety of profpeéts,Bergflraj é or mountain road affords .

The hard winter in the year 1709 deprived th is country

part of its beauty for molt of the walnut trees were then deftr

for fome years the greateft d iligence has been ufed in rep:

damages though it wou ld have been much better, if, infieafel l ing and rooting up thofe trees, fome years refpite had hethem to recover. I t is the pmperty both of the walnut andthat after a fevere froft they (hoot ou t with frefh vigour, if tVOL . IV. L l

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B E R G S TR zi S S E.

deed 1s weaker than the other, and will not keep above five r

but it may he drank very wel l when it is about a year old

kind of wine produced in this country, is cal led Hartbeng/ifirong bodied wine, bu t very harlh at firft. The Weltlin gra

clear red , and very fweet : Bu t the common red wine of tht

is made of a kind of black grapes , wh ich on account of

ju ice , are cal led Klebj ebfwar tz . Of th is laft kind there are

yards ; whereas the other forts general ly grow promifcuou l

mixed together in making wine, th at one fort may mend thc

another . Next to the Sonnenberg wine that of Lauterbach,abou t two leagues from l l

’einl reim, towards p enbeim, has

rence and next to this that of lVein/aei rn, is reckoned the bi n fou r years the vineyards are wel l manu red , which tu rns

advantage of the meadows that lye beneath them for the riotfonl is walhed down to the latter by the rains , fo that they ft:of little or no manu ring . The vineyards begin to bear two

th eir planting and continue in heart fifty or fixty years . So

the Burgundy vine has been planted in the Berg/tr ifle but

found to degenerate in a few years . This was alfo the cmBrown-role planted here, wh ich in two years grew

white ar

The inhabitants of the B 1rgj lraj e tu rn their w ine to as good

thofe of Ri .ngau The latter indeed fel l an aum of their wfpot for twenty and fometimes for twenty feven dol lars

aum of this country wine, wil l not fetch above eight or 11

But the Berg/tray} and ”forms wines do? not requ ire longwhereas that ofRingau , and otherR/Jeniflowines , muft be kept

rable time before they are fit for fale ; which ,with the

ti l lage, runs away with a good part of the profit. Befides,

good year an acre of good Ringau land yields bu t feven aumbu t m the Berg

frflr rfl and abou t”forms an acre yields three fzfuder containin

é

g fix aum

I t 15 a cu ll om al l over this country, that if a perfon happe1ready money, he 15 obl iged to take three or four fader s of v

extravagant price, for every two thoufand dol lars he bOl’ l’OVi

who are provided with ready money find no d ifficu lty 1n raifin

of an aum of wine to thirteen dol lars , when they pleafe. T l

eftates ln this country are for the moft part likewife paid 111 wi

other produce of the land .

The warmth of the cl imate and goodnefs of the foil infiraj e, is fuch , that after rye harveft, the land may be 5

Adollar is about 3 3 . 6 d.

L l 2

M J N H E I M.

cond time with (pelt, buck-wheat, or oats, wh ich are reaped the 1

year.

The l ittle town of fl’

i'inbeim {tands in the centre of the moft delit

fpot in al l theBerg/lrafli'

. Th is place is in fuch repute for the ‘

brity of i ts a ir, that the ch ildren of the baronnefs of Degen/eld, wlfufli c iently known in the h if’tory of the I ’a latinate, whenever theyindifpofed were nfual ly brought hither for the 1ecovery of their heThe town confid s bu t of fou r or atmofl five h undred hou fes y et it ythe elector a yearly revenue of twenty thou fand do llars . Thongi

Calv ini/i s are three, and the Lutherans two , to one Roman cath :

yet the magifiracy here, as in molt parts of the (Wa r I ’a/atinal e, cmof fix P api/ir, three Ca l

-vini/fs, and three Lutl 'erans .

I mutt not entirely omit the petrifac‘tiom ,

and (hal l only obfl

that near I'Veinbeim are fou nd cu riou s /ir ombi fofli/es g ranulati , and l

wife fmal l {h el ls of a fpec ies , wh ich , for i ts beau ty , rs termed in l

concba Venerea ,and by the I ta lians bocca Thefe {h el ls a1

fuch a hardnefs that no worm can penetrate them.

Salim/r informs u s, (Part 3 . ch . that even in ancient times 1

{hel ls w ere ufed as money in Congo. And according to the accoun

modern travel lers, they continue current to this very day , not on'

that kingdom, but alfo in Angola ,Loanda , Guinea , and the Man

iflands . They d ive for thefe (hel ls abou t the laft mentioned i l lwhere eighty of them make a P oni , wh ich is the ufual price of a f

Adozen of young pidgeons are fold there for two P oni s, and a pigfive. Four hundred and eighty pounds Par is weight of thefe {hel lsthe coaft ofGuinea , w il l purchafe a flave. That thefe {h el ls are al

great efteem among the lVefi-I ndians,is evident from the vaft quam

of them, which the Ea/i-I ndia company at Ant/Zera'am import 1Afia , and d ifpofe of to the Mfi-I ndia company, at the rate of c

Holland Rivers 1a pound . I nAfia thefe {hel ls are cal led (Imetier

Cor is ; and the privilege of gathering or diving for them in Congo

Angola (l ike amber in P rufia ) is reckoned among the royalties .

Manheim lies about four leagues from lVein/Jeim, and at an equal

tance from Heidelberg . I t is fituated in a low plain or val ley , and is

of the mofi elegant cities in all Germany . Al l the fl reets are laid o'.

firai t l ines interfeéting each other at right angles ; (0 that there are

fireets or vifia’

s at every corner . I t is pity the fame fymmetry has

been obferved in the fronts of the houfes, or at leaft in their hei

The Roman cathol ic church, the council houfe, with the tower bet1

1 I fuppofe thefe (hells are what are commonly called black-a-moor

’

r teetb in Eni /b.

tARiver is a penny and 3-55 .

M AN H E I Mthem,

are very great ornaments to the large market-place.

town-houfe j s to be feen the fl ame of Juftice ; and on thu f

chu rch that of Rel ig ion . Th i s area i s fu rther embel l ifhed

fountain, adorned with tou r pil lars , on u h ich [l ands a l iortongue .

The electoral palace is not yet fini lhed ; bu t in a few ye

one of the finelt ftruétu res in {Luzope. From the hall there is

profpeé‘

t over the Part of the fine paintings and iture , rrefigr

‘ed as ornaments f or th is palace, have already be

from Dufi lriwf to Ji ffazzlaeim ; and i t is not quef’tioned but i

whme co l lectron wvi l fo l low .

The l o1t rtrcatrons of Jifl anbeim are after the manner of

improved with fo many other works and later inventions , th

at prt fent may be reckoned among the firongef’t places in E11

fide toward s H ’ide/aerg i s the only part where an attack mayon . However , a garrifon of ten thoufand men wou ld be nr

i ts defence . The unhealthfu lnefs of the air , and badnefs of

render th is place difagreeable to {trangers bu t both thefe inco

h ave , in fome meafure, been remed ied by conveying water lthe Nectar ; however, perfons of diftrnetion have their watfrom Heidelberg for drinking and cu linary afes . The Heide.

was formerly told at Man/Jenn for a cr eutzer per quart.I t is fou nd by experience, that the Nee/ear water is whole

that of the Raine, though the latter rs l ighter, as evidently a;this circumfiance , that a barque coming ou t of the Neckar

°

mt

finks deeper into th water,as if fome add ition were made to

The fame obfe rvation is made on theMa ine nearMenfz,1 and

near Coalr nt for a vel i c i is more buoyant on thofe rivers tlRaine

,and confequently the wa

‘

er in both muft be heavier tl‘the Kl ine. I t is a lfo we ll known ,

that a {h ip which i s fo lrfwim in the main fea, may be in danger of foundering in fr

becaufe it requ rres a grea ter depth of water in the latter ; as

obferved to fwim in falt-water, bu t finks to the bottom in fref

About a halfpenny .

“ E P l i 11. Hi/l . 1Va t. li .b 11. cap . 103 . favs , Mar ina (aqua ) quarumnatura é‘vero {5

’

a'

u/ces inter flfir} ern ( (l 1t a lzi a lias. Vt in 1

amnir, 111 [ mmAddua , in Verbam Ti t iao

ns, in Benaco zlfimius , in SeviLemanna Rbaa

'anur, bi : tran: Alp“ , [aper iorer i n I ta lia , multar am mi ll ium tra

[ um tani um nee largiores, quam intu lere, aqua: e‘vebenter. T he fen-water br

‘ heav ier, bears greater bu rthens w i thout linking. Some fl reams of frel h-waterth in others, run 011 the furface of them withou tmixing wrth each other, as tl

flows intothe lakeFurinur, tbe l dige'

mto theLar iam, the‘I i cinu1

°

m the

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M AN H E I M.

and other vefi'

el s, belonging to the elector. He alfo appointsof the P a latinate, wh ich poll was lately held by the marqu isThe fou rce of the 121111111» is in the country of the Gr ij bns an

is d ivided into the Up er, Lower and Middle Rhine. The laft

the mountain of St.Mar ia ; the Upper R/Jine has its fou rce in

tain of Cr and the Lower Rbine is formed by the 1m

the Vogeiberg ,and rifes original ly from E j

’ei ge

above a German mile over . The gold gn/rimr, 1h u r k 111

r ies , a :‘

c an undeniable proof that gold du f’r has been n fo

R115113 3 and the Rbem/b gold is mentioned by : x’

cnn'r ar Pa

E 111.“ f ] Otj r iaas , the monk of If? ei/enéwg ,who l i 1

11111111 centu ry , under Lett i s fi aeGerman, and was the au thor

11°

.111flazron 01 the Gofpel s , in the p

°

reface to that work, an

encom iums on the Franks who l ived near the Rhine and the 1k

Zi nazze grebi man on!) inarEr inl i Kuphar

j ob l) i {bia 1111eina

[finefl .

"

Oa/J f/Jara Zzia fizagzSi/aéar g innag i

:‘

fob le/ear inar in [anteGold in i rofini te.

They alfo dig up metal and copper , to their great profit,ore near theAi rl ine, hefi dt s great quantities of h lver and

the l and of that cou ntry they gather gold-dufi.

’

The gathering of gold is one of the royalties belonging to

Gold-duft is al fo found in the l ittle river Eder , in the lamHaj/e i~nt it is in very fmal l qu antities . The late landgrave 1

fome ducats of the Eder gold coined , on wh ich th is inferiptifeen

Caro/i I . Hafike Landgr a fvi i, P r ineipi s Her sft ld. Comi .t Ca

Zzg Ni .d ac Schaumburg monel a pr ima aur ea [Edema aur i/iace.

Any perfon is permitted, by edia , to gather gold m the

foch gold mu ll be delivered , after it is wafhed , i nto the

treafury where the perfon who brings it is paid at the rate c

MAN H'

E I Mdol lars4" an ounce. The Eder flows h ither from the country ofdeck, where its fand yields more gold than at [Jr/5 . 111 the count

Sebwartzéurg are feven of thefe rivu lets which yield gold . Atwhich that

“

of Schwartz contains the mofl , bu t is l ittle regarded

the prince does not al low the peafants above fixteen dol lars an ounc

what gold they gather . Gold-d uft is l ikewife fou nd in the Sad/e.

the widow of the famou s GeorgeAf firm 8 7 s had a gold-wall ] , as

cal led at h’f’

wzig-ycvm, from wh ich th e ru p o t l confiderable profit.

O ther natural curiofities , fuch as bone s , C’

c. of uncommon anima prodigiou s fize , are a

'

l fo found in the bottom of the Rbi/ze ; pal

larly the teeth of two large ti thes , wh ich were found by the fifhe

near Rock/brim,in the neighbourhood of Thefe were prefi

by Dr. F ind er to Count b'

o/ms, who caufed them to be hung up wi

iron chain in h is caf‘t lc of Leia/am . Dr . F ind er fays , that he obfi

two large holes or tubes , wh ich he imag ines to have been the apex

th rough wh ich the fith fpou tcd ou t the water ; bu t, pofli bly, the}

longed to an elephant ; for feveral bones of that animal have been f

in thefe countries . NI r . Ga r/fr,an apothecary of fi zbmgm, is pof

of an elephant’

s lower jaw,wh ich w 's taken ou t of the M ine

two leagues from I ll a/71min) , and i s not unl ike the Um'

wma fq/z'

le.

Kg'

fizer'

s fine cabinet at France/art on theMa ine 1 faw the uppe l

of an elephant’

s head ,wh ich was found in the Nee/ear , near Man

at the depth of feven feet. Th is head weighs above two hundred p01

is near five feet long ; and the cavity for the medulla jjbinal i s, the

affi xjjbbezzoz'

deas, the upper jaw teeth , the orbits of the eyes, Wt .

twelve inches in diameter, and l ikewife the fockets of the ivory t

are plainly d ifcernable : one of the to re-teeth is fii ll remaining in itR ibs of a very u ncommon b ignef

s have been dug u

;near

in digging the foundations for the n .w works at [Wan a tooth, w

Weighs ten pounds and a quartu ,was found in the earth .

I (hal l conclude my account of Max/am” w ith obferving, that it

pears not to be fufiiciently inhabited ; at leall,there is no great l

or crowd in the fireets : and as the eiefi o r, on account of h is i l l fia

health , is confined to his chamber , and fe ldom fl irs abroad , he

h imfelf bu t l ittle concern abou t the ga iety and fp lendor of his c<

fo that there is not fach a vaft number of equ ipages , and perfor

dif’tinétion, to be feen at as a perfon wou ld expect to 3

meet with in a city where the e lector'

s court refides . Count Vt

who is only mafi er of the hoffe, has the precedency here of al l of]

of {late and privy counfellors . This extraordinary difiinétion is {ht

About three gu ineas .

D AR M S TAD T.

him on account of h is having been fuceefii vely in the fervice

and prefent elector from h is youth . Thofe who with wel l tt

latine eleé’toral family , are apprehenfive of a great alterationto the fuccefli on to j ulz

'

ers and Berg ,upon the demife of

elector " ; bu t time muft determine th is affair. In the r

I am,fi r s t.

Manbeim, M zrcb 2 8 , 173 t .

L E T T E R XCVI I .

Account of Darm/laa’t,France/

for t

, Memz, and

S I R,

S you are wel l acquainted with the {l ate of the Court

fiadt, I need not fil l up my letter with fuch account

g ive one concern to fpeak of. The countefs of Sei belsdwf ,

general Spiegel’

s daughter, is (fil l here . Her hufband , Cou tr

who formerly d ifiingu ifhed h imfelf in the landgrave of fi fevice, d ied of the gout at Sim/burg in the year 1725 .

The low ftate of the finances have occafioned a {top to be

bu ilding ofthe fine palace thatwas begun here but the model4is to be feen in the palace . Here i s a very firong fiag, Whita chaife ; and five others are bridled and put to a coach , w

tractable as (0 many horfes .

The goodnefs of the foil may be inferred from the large

afparagu s that grewlafl year atDarmfladt ; for one head of thchalf a pound . Some hundreds of thefe afparagus were fent

to the elector P a latine. The gardeners inAu/lrz’

a general l

l ight {ticks of juniper or other wood over the afparagus whe

appear above the fu rface of the earth , wh ich {h elter them fr

clemency of the weather, and caufe them to {hoot up a-pai

The prerent elector, by content of his Praj'

a mmajcfly, is fii l l in poll

prov inces .

1 The author concludes this letter with a Chronagram exhibiting the dat

wh ich is here omitted as unworthy of fuch a pen.

VoL. IV. M m

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F RAN C‘

K F O R T.

Near the h igh altar in the cathedral {l ands the monu iemperor Guntber , who was of the houfe of Scbwartzburg ;i s the chapel where the emperor is ufual ly elected . I t is

dark, and withou t any ornaments, except the red cloth wi tl

hung near the altar in that part where the electors or th e

tatives fi t. On the wal l of th is chapel are feveral printed pTbcfir, as Ca lz

'

goLog ica , Cs’c. Aroor fifentia ' in film a

'z'

j lz'

nfi a

C50. P ropago P loy/iece. P/Jyfica r/i fi'ientz

'

a fpeculatifua

, Es’c.

jargon ; wh ich wou ld better become a Jefu itical fchool of 1than th is place .

I n th is chu rch is alfo to be feen a cu riou s clock, confifl i

parts or div ifions . I n the lowe ll , wh ich looks l ike a ka

f e

veral circles , the firft of wh ich fhews the day s and months ;the golden number, w ith the age and change of the mom

third the dominical letter . The fou rth and fifth circles re

ancientRoman kalendar . On the fixth are the names of the

martyrs , the length of the days and nights , and the entrance

into the twelve figns of the Zodiac . The feventh and eigexh ibit the hou rs and minutes when the fun rifes and fets .

venth circle the divifions of the twelve figns of the Zodiacfeafons , the twelve months , 89

°C. are marked . The circle in

fhews the moveable feafis . The figures which {trike the hclock reprefent two fmiths with hammers in their hands . T

p iece of clock-work was put up in the year 1605 , and repai

f ull time in 1704.I n the chu rch of the P redicant: are two altars (l anding 0p

other, wh ich are decorated with two pieces of painting byAllone of them reprefents our Saviour

’

s afcenfion, and the other t

tion of the Virgin Mary : but the latter is only a copy ; tl

having fal len into the elector of Bavar ia’

s hands .

Neither the Prencanor German Calvinifts have yet been abl

permifiion for the public exercife of their rel igion at Francéfo:obl iged to go to Bockenbeim, which l ies about a league fron

in the county of Hanan, for that purpofe . Though the jourl

place takes up bu t half an hour, it is {till a great inconveniencwho have not horfes or carriages of their own . The ex;hackney coach for fou r perfons amounts at leaft to fixty dol larfor Sunday mornings only, exclufive of the afternoon and Tin/r,ing lectures . The number of coaches which general ly goabout two hundred and fifty ; many wealthy perfons in Franc;

About ten guineas .M m a

F RAN C K F O R T.

. the reformed church : and there is a common faying at Franck]That the Roman-cathol ics have the churches, the Lu lberans the mfiracy , and the Ca lvz

'

ng'

fls the money .

’

Dr . j ob/2 George Kzfiner ”6 has a fine col lection of ores , falts, ge

)fii le wood , marble, and petrifactions . Among the hi l l is a verytarkable human fku ll , which is faid to have petrified on a gibbet.

'

l

lephant’

s head, found in the Nee/ear near Al an/aria) , wh ich is in 1

al leétion, I have already taken notice of. I n a quarry clofe by the ‘

f Franoéfort are found a great many petrified fea-fhe l ls of few

inds .

The hafel-tree, to be feen in Mr . Hap’c

'

l'

s garden in th i s, c ity , of wh

te Franclj ort chronicles make mention above two h an d e d years 3another natural cu riofity . The lower part of i ts trunk is fe ven I

’m ;

'r t el ls '

f in circumferance its height i s equ al to th at of the l l O l

car it ; and it fiil l bears nu ts every year . The (h ells of the nu ts i t puces are very thick ; bu t the kernel has the fame flavou r as thoti

ther nuts . The emperor Leopold dined twice under th is tree .

ii l of this garden mu ll be particu larly favourable to hafel-trees ;tough the adjacent ground yields only common f hrubs , fou r hazel-tn

lanted with in thefe fifteen years in Mr . Hafi’l’

s garden , are above twe

et high already . Thefe recru its are the more necelfary, as the abo

l entioned old tree begins to decay .

Arts and fciences flourifh at Franckfi rt ; and three brothers of

ame of UZfenbae/a are great encou ragers of them,who are at the fa

me an ornament to l iterature . Al l learned travel lers are charmed v

l eir knowledge and pol itenefs . Conrad, the eldeft, is a burgo-ma

f the city , and has a fine l ibrary , wh ich , both for manufcrip ts

tinted books, is equal led by few private col lections The mic

rother has a col lection of defigns , copper-plates , paintings , antiqu it

rathematical and mechanical infiruments ; many of wh ich are h is c'

ork : he alfo draws extremely wel l , and has trav t l led .

Baron Lon, counfel lor to h is P rzgfian majetly , has a good col lec‘

tiez

ooks, and a c lofet of p ictu res . Several cu riofl tics , together w i th t

ttiques , and fcu lpture in wood by Al er t Dzu'

er , may be feen

I . Von Der Burg’

s , a merchant, who has alfo feveral fine piél u res d

y fome of h is ancettors of the fame nam who were famouspain

1Holland“. Mr. Ucbell'

s cabinet exhibits antiquities, urns, coms ,

4“ This learned phyfician died in the year (734.1 AFrancljfort el l is about two feet three inches .

1 This gentleman died in the year 1734; and his valuable col lefl ion was difpcrfed,g fold at feveral auEtions .

I Vid. Kanold’

s Mu/aogr . p. 150.

M E N T'

z.

paintings. Dr. Orbs has a numerous col lec

'

tion of coins. D

a mere ant, has an extraordinary col lection of maps,ant

chanical inventions, wh ich may be of great ufe i n turn

boring, and plaining .

I now proceed to the accou nt you def:.te of M . Edefl w

’

m

tieman has done great ferv iccs to the houfe of Ha i .'

au . 11d

xtol lcd tor h is genius, Icatning ,:11.d othc1 good q tia l it

of wh ich he 11 15 been honou red wi th a patent of nobil itywas aadmitted among the I r=1pe1i 1l knights of the Upp: r -Rl l

accord .11g to c u tl f ‘m,1 '

cr to bt minted in the hal l , V i l i'

l

four i1111nediatt .111ce lt1,-i s on eac h fl de , 111 proof of h i s de

good fami ly : tl . c ie fou . l l 1iel t 1s , infl cad of the ar 11 s of

contained the e word s I . D10 1 1”

.for' I I . Ca

ffizre Di refl o.oi l /axi s Fa cor e. IV. [53111150C13

"r e.

Though l d id no

t

v ih t .f is tour, yet as I have for

opportuni ty of talt ing a fu l l v iew of th a t city . I am unwi l l i

omzt it in th is lezt. cfpee iad; as a curiou s travel ler wi ll mc

feveral th ings of h is notice . I n the cathed ral ar

monuments of t in . archbi lh op“

, canons 650. The h igh al

trived , that the p. lL'l faces the peopl e

,and needs not tt

u fual , prono nt ino the word s I 1, 1

am wool/Pam. Tl

arched l 1 . i 1_

1 ,bu t o arkif h, v. 111t h l o a fau lt common to

b l ilt .1 The p11.1cip :

1l th ing worth feeing here is the tn

i s d r u g: for a Cl UC or tv o , by ofi iccrs nominated‘Q

and C 1: .1. 1c .\ 11 5 , 1i1 11 t afi u ients and o ther chu rch fu

tic 11. .11 v an 0 1 , val ued -1 11111 thoufand dol

'

.4'M1ga

'

1111115 or St 1 1337115 h 1 1

. a t ery elega"

I he La ; an 111 ry w ith out the city, not

Fa tcr iz‘

a,

s wor1b 1 cing for beau tif1.-i ch u rc h ; in wh i

two Fa l ls of a fi ne 1 o f 11 oz r. i zid with ivory

who made them was a Hi 113 51 1511 “ he monks val t

at no lefs than a the ufand dol lars each .

The h igh ll rcet1

'

s fl . broad and wel l bu ilt : I t is l ikeith a large fountain . l ot far from ‘ he 1011111111 111.

palace , bu ilt by two b othc1 1 of ‘

1 : e name ofDa l/Jerg . O i1a11d s M1 . I 1

get 11 1 1 .1eh i ; inilced very fpac

eleg ance not 1o be co .n 1 ared v " 11 that of :1e Da l/5 13hereabouts atfor jls a red fan s

,ione, w i

* l1 u h ite ve1ns l

marble ; wh ich looks mighty wel l in bu ildings . Theybu ild ing the German houi e which wil l be a very fuperb fl :

finifhed .

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L A N D A U.

with in the citadel on St. j‘acoéfberg . On the other ti de

namely , towards the Rbizze, fome new fortifications wereyear 17 12 , when the labou rers found not only feveral Ron

alfo ancient medals of copper, filver, and gold . They a

kind of white ftone , chiefly compofed of fmal l {hel ls whiobeau tifu l appearance through a microfcope . As for peobferved at Olav -lodflez

’

zz,in the electorate of Mentz,

v

imp refi i ons of the o/Zrco-prfierz, on a yel lowifh kind of clayFrom Mi 7 553712 I went to Landau , wh ich l ies at the di

Ger /man mi les from the former : I t is fituated on a low pmorafs before the German or Afar/brim gate is a good defeu~the other fide , namely, withou t the Fr anc/J gate, are VC l

works , wh ich are excel lently contrived for the mutual del

other . LU CJ’

HI I at the beginning of this century was three ti

t h is fide in the lall or fou rth ficge, however, the Fran

greatell efforts on the fide of the M Hz/Jain: gate . This forplanned by Vaubafz; and round i t are (even Tour s bcfl iwme

'

er

li ft of two ftoriés and a platform above fo that they form t

in order to defend any breaches that may happen to be mad<

bzfiz’

omze’

r has alfo its counter-gu ard . The lower part of th

is faced with free l i one, and the upper part with brick.

The river Qatar/J runs thro’

the m iddle of the city, and

expence been made navigable ; fo that at prefent prow

wood , and other neceffaries, are brough t hither by water.

The counci l houfe {l ands on the large market place 5 and

and il l contrived ed ifice .

I n the pari lh church , the Siam/fancy ?” is regu larly obl

P apf/is and Lutberam. The zI agzr/Zines have a convent h

Ca lm'

m'

fls are not allowed the publ ic exercife of their rel i

two Swij i battal ions , who, w ith the greatell part of thei r 0that perfuafion, are at prefent in garrifon here . The adjac

pleafantly interfperfed with v ineyards, country feats,Only three fmal l vil lages belong to Landau ; for the dom

eleétor Palatme extend fo far this way, that they l ie

league of the city .

Mogantiacum monumentum baber, filius rain: 65" Caligu la nape: erat. TClaudius, uncle to Caligula , and (on of Dru/as, who has a monument

Caflius by} . 1. 55 . fpeaks fi il l more ambiguoufly, when he only places

n o; 7 » Paw near the Rbine.

’

0m Fri/ing . confidently fays in his Cu

Mmfiratur adbucmonumentumDru/i Moguntr'

ar, per madampyrzz. Themo:is {til l lbewa atM ars , which is bui lt in the (hape ofa funeral pile.

’

L A N D A U.

Landau has but two gates .: Over that towardsManbeim, the figuree fun 1s cu t on (tone, with this infeription

Neeplur iaas impar . Not inferior to many .

’

Which was the motto ofLewis X IV. of E a aoe fi

On one fide of the medal ll ruck in honou r of j ofpb, king of t

mans, who took th is city from the F1c’fl C/J 111 1702 , i s the head of tl

th ee , with thefe words

j’

ofi'

plms D . G. Rom. 59°

Hung . Rex .

The reverfe reprefents the fiege of the c ity with this legend

Armaram i . c . The firt’c fruits ofh is arms .

’

And the exergue

Landa fuz

'

a recepta a'. I 0 . Sept. 1702 .

Landau retaken the l oth ofSept.

The money which Molar, the Frezzcb governor, caufed to be coirthe e:{

'

t1emi ty of the fiege, is a fmal l oblong piece offilver pl ate, we commandant 3 arms, and thefe words :

4. L i ‘vre +5 .

Landa fv. 1702 .

But fuch pieces are by no means a certain proof of the length and t

mities or 1 fiege and fome governors , itmay be pr ,efumed for w :

othe1 moneme‘ ts , have 1

1i d thefe expedients , in order to comu

orate their p etended betoum . This city was again taken by t

rend.) 111 the y e 17 03 , when the emperor Leopold in a letter writl

1th h is 1 hu r l come . mented count do Frzze,the imperial 5

tuor, oon the ref1‘1a11 ; e he made . But the fol lowing year t

DOVC mentiont d j o p15 king o .

’the Romans, who commanded on t

’ I’olta : re (ass of tin . m tto , (S doLouis XI V. ) Le corp: no r iprefente pas a 911

en 1 : cm: 1

'

.u

“

1 11 113 11’a par w: [ 111 .g/j t z cla tr , ct afi z di termme

’

. The de1

loes nor repu . ent what the motto fignifics , and indeed the motto has neither perfpim10r precil ion.

’

L A IV D 14U.

Raine, reduced the place .a fecond time, notwithfianding t

governor Laubaniemade a vigorous refifiance in defence of it.{truck inmemory of this action reprefents on one fide the heat

king of the Romans, with thefe words

yo/épbus D G. Rom. Imperator .

On the reverfe is a woman, with an angel behind her, leafhield under the imperial fiandard or Roman eagle, the ftafiis decorated with a branch of palm and a mural crown. I n

are thefewords

De Landa'via iterumd. XXV. Nov.

e. Landau taken the fecond time Nov. 25, 1704In the exergue is th is motto

The fafety of the provinces.

On another medal (truck on this occafion is to be feen t

the Romans, with th is title :

yo/‘

epbns D . G. Rom. 85mag . Rex.

Oh the reverfe is reprefented the city of Landau befieged,following words

I t has yielded to Cafar a fecond time.’

I n the exergue

Lander-via bis capta d. 25. Nov.

I n thefe words, however, there is a palpable blunder ; ft

perly fignifies twice, and not a fecond time.

Several chronograms, inwhich the German and FrencbWits feen to out!are here omitted.

1 One.

would imagine that this infeription had been thework of fome howfor it figmfies that the townwas taken twice on the asth ofNewark” , 1704VOL. IV. N n

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IVE I S SENBURG, HAGENAU and SAMblown up, the (hock at Verna , wh ich lies about three leaguescity, was greater than at Tur in i tfelf. About ten years ago,

l ike misfortune happened in the powder-magazine at Upper -Acafl le of Tubingen, which is three German miles from the fo

fenfibly {haken by the explofion.

I met with l ittle or nothing cu rious between Landau and

The roads are very bad as far as Wegfii'

nburg , where we ent

the caufeways . This town l ies in an extenfive vale but its fc

are al l old and decayed,Hagenau is both larger and better fortified than Wij enburg

bu ild ings in it are very irregu lar.

The country about Sap era is very pleafant, and planted wi

trees ; and as the cardinal of Roban often refides at h is new-bi

th is country, he has cut vifia’

s through the woods, both fo

d iverfion, and that of foreigners who del ight in hunting . 1

yond Saver/zwe afcended a very fleep rock, at the top of w

infeription 011 (tone, fignifying, that th is road was impracticalriages in the year 16 16 however, i t is long fince that i t hasrough ly completed for that pu rpofe.

The Lorrain money is fo very l ight, that thirty-one l ivres 0make. but twenty

-four Freneb l ivres.

Lune'vi/le, May 1 173 1

Al ivre ofLorrain is about 8 d. Retl ing, and a Frencb l ivre is about 10 1

N n a

L U N E V I L L E, and

L E T T E R XCVI I I .

Account of Lune‘vi lle, Nancy , and the Court of Lorre

S I R,

1 UNE VI LL-E, before the year 1702 , Was a very mean plbut theFrench, at the beginning of this century, having throw

garrifon into Nancy ; the late duke of Lorrain, in order to removefufpicion that the emperormight entertain of h is partial ity, withdrevLune—vi lle, and there buil t a palace . This feat he afterwards made

place of refidenee in-fummer ; but about th irteen years fince a great

this edifice was defiroyed by fire, which , however, in a {hort t1

Pba'nix-l ike, rofe more beautiful from its aihes . The new alao

firftwas covered with iron-p lates, and overlaid with a kind 0 varn

which, it was pretended, would fecure the iron from contraétingrufi ; but experience {hewed the contrary : for as thefe plates were

properly joined together, the rain penetrated through , and rotted

timber-work in fuch a manner, that the duke was obl iged to remove

year to Comerey , wh ilf’t a new roof was laid , the exPence of wl

amounted to four hundred thoufand l ivres.The garden belonging to the palace is elegantly laid out on the ba

of the river Vezou/Z’ : bu t the adjacent country is fomewhat low

marthy. The Court is fiil l very fplend id, though much al iered f11at itwas in the year 1716 , when I was firft at Lunevi lle. The for1

duke, befides a mu ltitude of other officers and fervants, had fifty gtlemen of the bed-chamber ; however,

'

that {l ate could not have b

kept up, had the falaries beenon the fame extravagant footing as in 01

Courts . But the fondnefs for honorary titles, in great numbers of 1miners and French, rendered the expence fo inconfiderable, that of

above-mentioned fifty gentlemen, fcarce twenty had any falary ;1

even thefe had no more than fix hundred l ivres of Lor rain a yThe firfi prefident of the parliament of Lorrain had but two thouf:

livres a year ; which was alfo the ufual falary of a minifler of it

One inconveniency attending fuch fmall appointments was, that

officers could not l ive fuitably to their poll s and fame gentlemen of

About 15 1. or 16 1. fietl ing,

T16e Cour t of L O R RAI ZV.

bed-chamber were not able even to keep a foo'

tman. The

has reduced the number of the gentlemen of the bed-chamiand gives each of them a falary of eighteen hundred l ivresFormerly this court kept fourteen public tables , namely,

ducal family, one for the fleward of the hou lhold, anot

under fteward of the houfhold, another for the gentlemerchamber, another for the ofli cers of the guards, and ano

chaplains and the confefi'

or, 8 c. But at prefent thefe alfo at

four, the firfi ofwh ich is for the duke and the noblemen v

v ites ; the fecond for the dutchefs dowager, the princefl'

es,

the th ird is the marih al’

s table, where thofe foreigners whowith the duke are admitted together with their governorsand the fou rth for the gentlemen of the bed chamber . The

tion after fupper is play . And if the company divides intothe duke is at the head of one, and prince Cbar les , the duat the head of the other . PrincefsAnne, the youngeft of thefilters, was born in 17 14, and is a lady of extraordinary beauThe dutchefs dowager, who is of the hou ie of Or leans, was

year 1676, and owes her marriage to baron Lil ienrotb,envoy, who, at the peace of Ryfwick, propofed it to ti

Lorrain, as a means for creating a better harmony between th

that ofFrance. She is very fond of cards, comedies, partiesCale. and indeed no d iverfion comes amifs to her. She neve

any great fondnefs for the Germans ; whereas the duke a

them with the greatell marks of efteem. The game of 1

very much

fplayed here ; and tho

’

that, as wel l as other game

wh ich (0 o ten prove the ru in of young people, are proh ibi

the duke’

s dominions yet it is played at cou rt with the du

every one is welcome to try h is fortune, without being ut tc

of ihew ing h is coat of arms, or making known h is emp oym:

The prefent duke fpeaks h igh Dutcb very fluently , and

language to theFrench-f His itature is of the middle fize, a

h is own hair, which is of a chefnut colour and curled . The

brother, is fomething tal ler and of a fairer complexion. I t 11

jeétured that th is duke may in time become one of the firil: 1

Europe, both as to power and the adminifl ration of it.i Tl

and penetration, wh ich on al l occalions he lhewed in h is yo :

deferve the h ighefi commendations. He i s extremely courtt

This feems to be the-

cullom in feveral Courts in Germany .

This mutt give one no very high idea of his tafle for the Bel les lel tres.

I This prince is now emperor ofGerma ny, and his brother prince Cbar le

c lebrated for his mil itary accompl ilhments .

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L O R R A I N .

Lorrain is carried to a great height ; for the duke in his

gives the right hand to no German prince, unlefs he be an el

late duke’

s brother was . The ef’tabl ifhment of the hou i

after the Franc/J manner ; and the h igheft tribunal bears thparl iament, as it does in France. The dutchy of Bar , indt

peal to the parl iament of Par i s ; wh ich , with the homagtking ofFrance for th is l ittle fpot of land , cannot be fuppof

on the houfe of Lorrain. For the duke at the invefiit

obliged to attend in perfon, and to kneel on a cu lh ibn befor

k ing’

s th rone, without fword , hat, or cane . On the death of

the duke of Lor rain endeavoured to obtain leave that tl

m ight be performed on h is part by proxy ; and the dub

Fr ance, is faid to have been incl inable to admit of it. But

ment of P ar is oppofed it, al l that the duke of Lorrain cou l

a refpite, till the king himfelf {hou ld take the governmenAccordingly, about a year fince, h is Highnefs was obl iged ttthe fame difagreeable ceremony which h is father had fub

the year 1699. I have been informed , bu t I cannot anl

truth of it, that at the lail invefiiture the doors of the apar

thrown open wh ilft the duke was upon h is knees, contrat

mife made h im, that no fpeél ators lhould be admitted ti ll

the ceremony lhou ld be over .

As for the German ftefs of Nominy , and fome other land

leges , the duke receives the invef’titure of them from h is imp

by proxy . The lord ih ip of Comercy is a particu lar fovereiwas conferred on Char les Henry , prince ofVaudemont, formtof the Mi laneye, as an equ ivalent for h is other claims. E

w ithou t legitimate id'

ne in the year 172 3 , it devolved again

of Lorrain.

Popery is the predominant, and indeed the only religionthe dominions of the duke of Lor ra in And fuch care is 1

port it, that i t i s a capital crime for any fubjeét of Lorra ir

church of Rome, and embrace Protefiantifm ; for whoever.

of this, though chargeable with no other crime, is conde

hanged . Duke C/Jar les I I . General of the league in Fra i

author of this fevere law, who looked upon this as a certainorthodoxy . His fuccefiors have from time to time careft

this edict ; and Mr. Neccar , profeffor of the c ivi l law at

formed me that a convert, who had the good fortune t

efcape, was hanged in cfiigy in Lorr ain.

As the bigotry and rigour of the dukes of Lorrain have

markable in thi s particu lar, it feems the more furprifing th

' L O R R A I N.

daughter ofAntony, king of Navarre , filter to Henry IV. of Fran

1d the widow of Henry ,duke of Lorrain, was al lowed the exercife

r religion . But th is indu lgence was confined to the palace of Mar

wage, and the proteftant worfh ip was performed there only in priva

> reign protefl ants whether travel lers, or fettled in Lorrain, indea

set with no moleftation on account of their rel igion : But when d”

e, their bodies mutt be carried out of the country to be internren baron Forj lncr ,

who for many years had been private minifierrte here, and had done great fervices to the duke, was not exempt>m th is u nreafonable l l W . For, at h is deceafe in the year 1724,dy was carried to be interred to Markircb, or S .Mar ie auxmines , abrday

'

s jou rney fromArancy ; half of which belongs to Lor rain, and I

her half to the prince ofBi rcbenfl’lt.

When the hott or [e ban Dz'

eu , as it is called, is carried before 1

atinels, or even the mai n guard , they fall on their knees ; and all t

ld iers and officers , wi th heads uncovered , falute it, the drums beatinge time . The bigotry of the papifts at Cologn, Tr iers, and the neig.uring provinces in Germany is carried fo far in many particu lars, tlen the Romangfis of other countries object againfi fome of their cc.

onies in general terms ; yet i t muf’t be allowed , that the Lorra in

me very l ittle fhort of the former. I n this, however, they imitate tnamely, they fuffer no malefactors to be buried in confecral

ound ; and by this prohibition, pofiibly, the commifiion of ma

mes are prevented ,Formerly the nobility ofLorrain enjoyed many confiderable privilegd, col lectively, as Rates of the country, had a (bare in al l aéts of l l

irtance relating to the Public . But under duke Cbar les IV. they we

'

prived of th is valuable jewel , w ith which they loft a great part

eir dignity. However, they {til l enjoy rich fiefs ; and it i s now

(tom, that a parcel of land belonging to a peafant, or a burgh

hich , as fuch , has been fubjeé’t to pay contributions, becomes exen

)m them upon a nobleman’

s getting it into h is hands ; and this immty continues, til l it devolves again to a plebeian . I n the dutchyV a perfon is accounted a gentleman whofe mother is noble, thou

s father be bu t a burgher. The dukes ofLor rain are fovereign prined confequently have the power of conferring nobility ; but itmayli ly conceived, that many abufes are here introduced in this particu l :d that mean or unworthy perfons, who can procure a patent

oney or interefl , are often promoted to a rank wh ich juf’tly belorfly to perfons ofmerit. The prince ofVaudernant, fovereign of Corner'

.ewife confers patents of nobility. But th is muttgradual ly either din{h the fovereign

’

s revenues, or bring an infupportable burthen Up

L O R R A I N.

the reft of the fubjeéts, becaufe the noblefl'

e are exempted fl

3 c. on their perfons .and goods. The ancient nobility htdefpife the new, but l ikewife al l the Gem dc roae, as they an

they be of ancient fami l ies of difl inétion.

At the beginning of the prefent century, the fovereign of

had the du tchy of Al i/an afligned h im in exchange for L0:

treaty of partition. As the duke dreaded the power of Fro

dently diffembled , and feemed very wel l fatisfied ; but at ti

eXprefi'

ed his defire, that al l the powers of Europe might gitfent to his new fettlement and that al l the prerogatives wpofi

'

efi'

ed of in Lorrain, might be annexed to the foverei

du tchy of M lan. Thefe two articles he juftly concluded

with fuch d ifficu lties, that the affairmutt necefi'

ari ly havemilwithout the intervention of any other change in the affairs 0:The duke

’

s yearly revenue amounts to about two mil l iongui lder s ;

* fourteen hundred thoufand of which are faid I

from the faltworks of Ro/z’

eres and Dieuze. The Rbeng'

fb gfear is valued here at three livres five/ob . The ducal lands

very great extent ; but are in feveral places d ivided and fcpFrencb territories. Towards Francbe Comte’, and the mounthe foil is far from being fertile ; and I doubt whether the 1

iron, copper, tin and filver, or the agate, chalcedony, and ti

found there, be a compenfation for the fierility of the land.

The academy at Lum i lle, has for (ome time been inrepute ; and nothing can be better conducted then it is at

£1

the d ireétion of baron Scback. Even feveral proteflant

here, and the only inconveniency they experience, is that 01on Fr iday: and Saturdays,+ to eat the ufual food al lowed b;of Rome on thofe days, unlefs they areindifpofed . The ba

elegant tab le ten d ifhes being ferved up at dinner, befidesnine at fupper. M. Scback, as governor, always eats witl

and (ome of the fiudents have the honour of dining at the

table in their turns. They l ikewife often go a hunting with ]and on fuch occafions the duke furnithes themwith horfes.of young noblemen in this academy at prefent is fifteen bel

young foreigners of d ifiinétion who board in Lunetn'

llc, both

veniency of having private infiruétions from the tutors of l

ARbem'

fi: gui lder, is about 2 a.4d. fierling.

1 Thel'

e are called our : M igra , and the afnai food on fuck days is fill:

but they drinkwine, c. as on other days ; [0 that they are improperly call

VO‘

L. IV. 0 o

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The Externes, or thofe who do not board in the academymonth in the riding fchool , pay a hundred l ivres , and for

after forty livres, and thirty j olr a month fwi tch money .

of entrance to the Externer are between twenty and thirtymafiers o

'

f exerc ifes and languages , as l ikew ife thofe of fo

other parts of the mathematics , attend five hours in a week

nomore than twenty livres per month .

No academift, who has not h is own particular tutor, ithe academy after (upper without leave of the governor ; a

tu tor , he muft not {tit withou t his confent. The l ike permore necelTary, if a Itudent is to be abtent al l night. Aftergate of the academy is not to be Opened , w ithout eXprefs l lgovernor. No perfon is al lowed to keep a dog _

in the a

fiudent is to play on anymufical inl’trument after ten o'

clock

in the day-time du ring the hou rs of public leftures , dancing

None of the fiudents, without the governor’

s leave, are

chambers, unlefs it be in cafe of ficknefs. No h ired h ain the academy after midnight. No fiudent is al lowed ab.

ment, tho’

he be wil l ing to pay for more. The apartr.

fiudent leaves the academy, is to be del ivered up in the fan

i t was when he took it. No lacquey in or out of l iveryfword . Every gentleman provides h is own knife and for.

No new keys are to be made for any locks in the academ)houfekeepcr

’

s knowledge . . I fany fiudent be taken i l l, be

to give notice to the governor of the academy, who fends 1and orders him to make a report of the nature of the diftem

putes arifing between the academifts are decided by the gaccording to the circumfiances of fuch difputes, receives o:

duke. No tradefman is to lend or give cred it to any of

who board in the academy, without the confent of the gc

the penalty of forfeiting the money or goods, wh ich theyvanced . No bolts are al lowed to be fixt on the infide of t

the governor may at pleafure come into any of the rooms.chance are prohibited both in and out of the academy.

That the tutors may be more watchful over the cor

pupil s , they have at al l times free accefs at Court, and arthe ducal fami ly, together with the young gentlemen. Tl

attending the young ftudents is h ighly beneficial ; for timvery manifefi in other places, where, on account of the d i(

the tutors are excluded from fuch polite affembli es, whereand advice is moft necefl

'

ary. During the lait carnaval a lwas kept at court for the tutors ; and even at the playhou;

O o 2

L 0 R R A I N.

Id their pupils . Foreigners and the academifls go to Court every c'

i as Lmzefvi lle is but a tmal l town,the leaft fl ip which a young ger

.n i s'

gu i lty of is immediately blazed about at Court, where h

e to Undergo a fmart ral lery from the lad ies . Th is general lv moung ftudent fometh ing more c ircumfpeft in h is behaviou r .

Among al l thefe good infiitu tes there is one bad cufiom, namely,rGermwzr here, as in other places , affociate together, and among th ires talk noth ing bu t their native language . Another inconveniethat the many fefl ivals and public days obferved here occafton a mater eXpence in fine clothes , than is neceflary in other acaden

li ly, though gaming is here proh ibited , yet they play very h igl

urt'

and whoever is once engaged in p lay with the lad ies , find sy difficult matter to excufe h imfelf afterwards . Though whatas in

'

an evening may not exceed a gu inea or two ; yet if thi

:n repeated it wil l amount to a confiderab le fum at the long-run .

Thefe th ings are of fuch a natu re as not to be regu lated by artices . Perfection is not to be met with in this world ; and in t efe c'

aveller'

s conduét mutt be left to h is own prudence and d itcret

leetl it were to be wiihed , that only fuch you ng gentlemen v

r’

tc travel , who have a capacity and difpofition to improve, and

ge their views of men and manners, by vifiting foreign nations, to'

anta'

ge both of themfelves and their native country.

Before I conclude this defcription of the academy at Luncv i lle, I f

e‘you fome account of the extraordinary l ife and advancement ofM.

Y, the prefent profefi

'

or of hifiory and geography in th is. acade

is the fon of a peafant in Burgundy , and came into Lor rain wheta child where his firfi employment was to look after a few fh

a’

village that l ies abou t four leagu es from Nancy . His thirfi a

>wledge appeared in h is very childhood ; and for want ofother mt

gratifying it, he made a collection of fnakes, toads , &fc. and armafelf lwith often viewing and examining thofe creatures . The v il l

irded no perfon to whom he cou ld apply for information in h is18 inqu iries concerning the form, mechanifm, €9

°c. of thofe anim

of fuch a pecu liar make, and not otherwife ? The

ived , as may be eafi ly imagined, were general ly fuchhim lefs fatisfied than he was before . Once he happened to

if s fables , with cuts; in the hands of another country-boy u;

lCl l b is defire of learning immediately grew more ardent. He cc

aread ; and the other boy, who was capable of gratifying h is curi01i

’

feldom in an humour to explain the reprefentation of animals,him. I n this diftrefs be determined never to tell , till he lhou ld(her of that introduétion to knowledge. To this end he faved w

11

L O R R A I N.

l ittle money he could get, and gave it to other boys wbc

than h imfelf for teach ing h im to read . Having with intgence attained h is end , he happened to meet with an Almarthe twelve [igns of the Zodiac were del ineated . Thefe he

in the heavens , till at laft be imagined that he actual ly tracetthere : and though he was miflaken in th is and {exeral othe

yet many of h is obfetvations were fuch as few others are ft

of, even af ter rece ivrng regu lar in l

’truél ions . As he once

print—{imp at Nancy , he obferved a map of the world ti

opened a fie ld for new frecu lations ; and having purchafetto employ many hou rs in the day in pcrufing it. At firfldegrees on the Equator, wh ich are drfl ingu ifhed alte

black and wh ite, for Frencb leagues. Bu t upon confi de]

coming from Burgundy to Lor rain he had travelled manythough on h is map that dn

'

tance feemed to take upl ittle fpot, he was immediately convinced of the impofli l

firft conjecture . But it mutt have ht en with incredible lathe fame time a fignal proof or h is extraord inary genius ,

qu ired a thorough knowledge of thefe and many other I

the leveral maps, which , as his pu rfe cou ld afford it, he afr

cured . Hi s incl ination to filence and retirement made h

l iving among noify peafants boys ; to that he betook h imhermits , who had cel ls in a wood , about half a league fro

where he wai ted on them, and took care of fix or eightthey kept. Thefe hermits , however, were grofly ignoraiVa . had an opportunity of read ing feveral books he for

cel ls , and of getting many d ifficu lties that occurred to h i

perfons who came to vifit thefe hermits . All the mon

fcrape together in his mean circumflances was laid out i '

maps ; and obferving, on fome of the latter, the arms of fe '

as griffi ns, fpread-eagles, l ions with two tans, and other I

enqu ired of a foreigner, whether there were any fuch cre

world ? Being informed that thefemarks belonged to a partical led H e

raldry , he minuted down this word , before unkn

and hu rry ing with al l {peed to Nancy , bought a book of I

that book, w ithout any other help, he made himfelf tr.

grounds of that fciencc . Du V211continued in thi s cour

he arrived at his one-and-twentieth year, when, in the autu

he was difcovered watch ing h is charge in the wood , and

a tree, with his maps and books abou t h im, by baron igentleman was then governor to the young prince, now t

rain, who happened to hunt that way. The baron thou

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L O R R A I IV.

th the landfcape of the place, and the prince talking 1

obtained leave to hang up th is piece in the duke'

s l ibrary .

Profeffor Du Val told me , that the duke’

s col lection of

its origin to Ro/Z'

nbal'

s treatife De Feudir, which was citedbetween the elector P a latine and the houfe of Lorrain.

book is not fcarce, it was not to be found in any l ibrary at

as the houfe of Lor ra in was interefted in the examinationfage quoted from it, the duke ordered it to be purchafed ,th is l ibrary . I t is at prefent much increafed , contains a i

rable number of the mod valuable books , and receives (0every day . I n th is l ibrary are two large globes by Corone.

Val is,

of Opinion , that the celeftial globe is the more ufefu l

becaufe the orb its of feveral comets are del ineated on it ;

refirial globe is fu l l of errors . There are alfo three thoufand

anc ient coins here, among which the Roman medals are ex

preferved . There are indeed fome fingu lar circumfiancesner ofDu VaI

’

s exaltation from a herdfman to a learned p'

as to the event i tfelf, hiftory furnifhes us with many fimilarDomenicoMecber ino, a famous I talian painter, bu t mor

known by the name of Becczyumo, whilfi he was a fh epl

himfelf to drawing with fuch fuccefs , tho’

without any 01

h is own genius , that Lorenzo Becca/umo, a gentleman of 1

h im from h is m a n occupation,and provided a mafter to in

painting ; (0 that he afterwards greatly excel led in that art.

h l r . Du Val i s not the only perfon in Lunevi l/e, who 0'

learning rather to the force of natural ge nius than to educ

firuc‘tions . The celebrated Mr. Vareinge, profefi'

or ofmath

lowed the plough til l he was eight and twenty years of 32h is childhood took a great del ight in turning, and other met

infomuch that he made al l kinds of cu riou s u tenfils for tl

the vil lage where he l ived . The fight of a jack that ti

weights, firft put h im upon trying h is {k il l in clock-work ;

he removed to Nancy , where he made feveral ingenious pkind . At laft a watch of h is mak ing, which , only withpointed out the hours , ftruck on a bel l , and repeated , happo

into baron Pl at/Elmer’

s hands , who fo effcél ual ly recommth is h ignefs, that he was fent, at the duke

’

s expence , to En!he fpent th irteen months, and was infi ruéted in theMathei

famous Dr . Defiguliers . M . Vareinge has attained to

knowledge and fkill in mechanics, and is at prefent profef

mental ph ilofophy in“

the academy , with”

a penfion‘of m

livres. He is alfo a very affable and difcreet perfon, and,

according to the cu llom of this country, are generally fo fla

may walk round them. The oblong area or broad fi reet

palace in the old city makes a good appearance. The 6

were demol ifhed to gratify the Frencfi'

; and nothing now

them but the wal ls and a few bafiions . The city was refi tduke of Lorrain in this defencelefs fiate at the treaty of 1

condition that the duke lhal l not fortify Nancy , nor any c

without the confent of the French king .

Part of the old palace is now pu l led down . The late duke

re bu ild a new one ; but the misfortunes of the times put a 1undertaking ; fo that there is only a corps dc log i s, which ,a grand entrance, has only five fmal l doors l ike thofe of til t

atAmfierdam The prefent duke feldom comes to Nancy .

in the palace eighteen molt exqu ifite pieces of tapeftry, reprt

atch ievements of Cbar ler IV. duke of Lorrain. Here are

the fabres of two Burgundians, who were kil led with Cbar le.and l ikewife that duke

’

s helmet, l ined with red velvet, wit

creft on the top of it. Th is helmet is carried every year it

by the captain of the Swi/i , wh ile two other Switzers cat:

fabres above-mentioned . Near the palace a beau tifu l gard'

e

laid out on one of the baftions, from wh ich there i s a very pfpeé

’c. Adjoining to th is garden is the opera

-houfe, whichB ibiena the I tal ian arch itect, who alfo bui lt the theatre atViehoufe is not remarkable for its largenefs , but is extreme];trived . On each fide of it i s a grand tr ibuna , which is ament to rt.

As for rel igious edifices, L’

Eg lij e P r imitiale, which th i

building, is to be a magnificent firuéture. Th is church is towith two towers and a cupola, after the I talian manner.

L'

Egli/Z’ Pr imitiale becaufe it is not under the jurifdiétion oi

of Ton], the metropolitan of the dutchy of Lorra in, but is i

fubjefi to the Pope . The chapter confifls of a primate

canons . The duke, without confulting the canons, nameswho i s confirmed by the

-Pope. Hi s revenue, together withabbey dc l

’

I/le, which is annexed to the primacy , amountsthoufand-l ivres ; wh ich , fi nce the year 1715 , (when the lafl: prCbar les 7am» Ignatius, eleétor of Tr ier : and bifhop of Oj i nhas , by confent of the Pope, been appropriated as a fund tor

ing the primitial church .

I n St. George’

s church l ies Cbar ler tbc Bold, duke of Bur;on the 5th of j anuary , was killed in a. battle beforeNancy . But, according to fome accounts, his bones wereVOL. IV

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A P P E N D

P A R T

C O N TAI N I N G A

M I L I T AR Y S U R \

0 F

AGreat Part of S U A B

P E R F O R M E D

By the moft Expert E N G I

Sent thither for that Purpofe

By the late F R E N C H K I N G L E W I S

VOL. IV.

P R E F A C

H E Frencb, having, towards the elofe of the laft c

themfelves matters of Freyburg , formed a defign

their conquef’rs farther on that fide, towards the

ditary dominions. With this view they employed fome ex]

gineers privately to take a moft exaét fu rvey of the roads b

burg , Bafil, Scbafibaufen, Conflance, Vi llingen, and al l the at

try ; with orders to draw up circumftantial and exaét repfurveys . This produced not only a mofi minu te and partic

of that country, but alfo very accu rate maps of it, even

thing Of that kind extant ; and Lewi s XIV. ordered thel

maps to be engraven on copper-plates by the celebrated Cor

u fe of the principal Officers who were to command in the int

d ition into theAzfir ian territories . But when that unj uft erlaid aftde, thefe val uable maps , Cs

’c. were depofited in a cal

j ai l/er. The map ofthecountry fromHunningen to Con/lanceel ls in length , and confifts Of four large feparate pieces. I t

hands at Par i s by very unexpeéted good luck but I f’ril lof the written references belonging to it. And though colontan Engli/b engineer of great merit, and myfelf fpared nei

nor eXpence to come at it, the remainder was not to be f

fibly this account of the furvey, and the tranflation of the r

by the French engineers, here publ i lhed, may, on fome fun

facil itate the prevention of thofe evils which that ref’tlefs n

triving againll : [Germany]our country . To have inferted the

have been but of little fervice, as they mutt have loft their

accuracy, when reduced to fuch a fmall fes le as wou ld have

“i The author is fometh ing inaccurate in not fpecifying what ell he 1

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A P P E N D I

S E C T I O N I .

Afull and accurateAccount of tbe Maps and RoaFreyburg to Hunningen in wbicb tbe Higbway s,Lanes, Defiles, Rivu lets, Br idges, Towns, Geyl les, 1Woods, and Mounta ins are fit down anal tbo/éwbere an army may conveniently encamp, a s al/o umay formAmbzf/cades, and r(so/Jere P arties may r e,

a ll Occa/ions, are particu lar ly pointed out .

N going fi'

om Freyburg to Hunningen, you fet out throughtin

’

s gate and at the end of the Glaci s is a wooden bridge(1) in the map] over the rivu let Treij am, which runs

val ley of St. Peter .

Two hundred and ninety rods from this wooden b e II

one (2 ) over the rivu let, which runs hither fro ant

i tfelf, below the vil lage ofHaj lacb, into the Trezfam.

Eighty rods from th is ftone bridge the road (3 ) bears tohand along the val ley (166 ) towards the mountain, oppofite ti

lage of Merzbau/en (5) and though th is road divides itfelf intlanes, yet they all meet again in the large plain between St:

The roads through the above-mentioned val ley (166) are V1and troops may general ly advance to Fr tyburg in fquadrons, anc

kinds of baggage.

Ahundred and ten rods farther, from this road (3 ) runs anoon the left-hand, towards the vil lage of Oufbau/s wh icl :

l ies below the mountain, on the left-fide of the val ley. Th

Arod is fixtecn feet and half, and is the fame with a pole or perch

A P P E N D I X .

again divided into two roads behind the faid vil lage, where it lead :the mountain and the cattle of Scbnobcrg (8 ) l ies between theAt the top of the mountain the roads unite again, at the vi l lage c

r ingen

A hundred and twenty rods from the laft-mentioned h ighwanother road on the right-hand which leads to Br i/ac, th

St. fforgen and Ha/lacb.

St. fforgen l ies at the d tftance of two thoufand two hundred a

venty rods from Freyburg ; and as this place i s ju ltwithin light ofburg , it is not neceffary to fay much abou t it.

Near the fartheft houfe (13 ) in St. j argon the road divides it:two, one leading to Br i/Izc, and the other to Hunningen . The ldecl ines fix-and-twenty degrees north of the weft point ; but theningcn road lies thirty degrees fou th Of the weft point. That whicin a direét line from the laft houfe of the vil lage of St. j orgen is pw ith hedges on both fides as far as the rivu let which runs

from the val ley (1 16 ) beh ind the vil lage ofMerzbau/en. I t runs th

two vi l lages, v iz . and l l ' i 'na’

lingcn (7 and 14) afterwa

ters its courfe oppofite to a d and pu rfues it along the

ningen road as far as the mil l , marked in the map with the number

On the left-fide of this road , till you crofs the rivu let, the mou

together with the wood, form a defile ; oppofite to which , on the

hand, on the other fide of the rivu let, l ie fome corn-fields w

body of troops may extend their front, and thu s leave, on one fid

vil lage ofWolj i'nfwei ler , through which the Hunningen road l ies,d iftance of half an lrour or league.

On this fide the vil lage of lVol/énwei ler , to the left, is an eminencewh ich l ikewife affords room for troops to march in fquadrons

large plain of Stauf'

( At the end of this vil lage you crofs a

wh ich runs out of the val ley ”’

olfentvei lcr (l ands on a h i l l Fwith vines and the road over it leads to the village ofKi lc/Joflenand to the plain of Stauf A l ittle beyond l l

/olfen-ztvei ler a road tu :

to the right, and brings you by the way of Scbaylatt, or Scbultz/lBr i/izc ; and two hundred rods farther is another way whitleads to Scbultzflett. Here a fine plain (3 6) begins, and extends as

that of Stauf, being feparated from the latter only by a fmal l {tream I

Abouthalf a league from hence (23 ) l ies the vil lage of Scberzingeza hundred paces on the right-hand from the road and on the left

another road leads over the mountain (20) to Pfafinreei ler , whichthe valley There troops may march conveniently and in goder, not only along the plain behind the vil lage of Scberzingen ; bbetween the mountain and theHunningen road.

A P P E N D I X .

Aquarter of a league from hence 26) theHunningen road goes

the l ittle village ofNor/ingen at the end of which the K

road meets it. Behind Norflingen the plain (36) is continued .

ter of a league from Norfi ngen you crofs a rivu let wh ich

Ulr icloj lbale, behind the v i ll age of Bolfwei ler (3 where the val le

begins, and extends itfelf from hence to the vil lage ofMerzbaz

and from thence to Freyburg . Th is fmal l val ley may be of

in order to throw fuccours into Freyburg ; and the infantryable to advance at any time, under cover, from one mountainother.

After crofii ng the rivu let(3o) , you go through the plain of Stan)which extends as far as the hedges about the vil lage Of Grolfiingl ies a quarter of a league from the rivu let. On th is plain an ar

make all the motions and evolutions they pleafe, and feveral encar

may be alfo made here.

However, on this fide the vil lage of Grqfingen you crofs tl

river ofNeumagne, which runs from the valley behind the townfin: I t waters all thefe meadow grounds, and near the vil lagegen fal ls into the rivu letThe village of Grofl

’

ng'

en is very large . Parties,which may b

fortunate as to be u rfued by the enemy in thefe parts, may f t

the chu rch here, which is fu rrounded with a wal l , and a ditch tlin breadth . On the left-hand the road leads from Grojfiingenthe town of Staufl'n and near the vil lage Of Oberfdorf (37)the river Neumagne.

Ahundred and fixty rods fromGrofingen the road is divided inways That on the right-hand leads to Dank/l tht

road to Hunningen, and that on the left to Stazg‘en ; where, thc

country is very woody, the cavalry may march in fquadrons.

Ahundred and fifty rods from the place where the road divi.a road l ies on the left, and leads down to Scbwarzwala

'

e. On tl

hand a plain extends itfelf as far as a fmal l eminence which,i

with vineyards and from thence to the Hunninge'

n road i i

for march ing ; but, on the other fide of it, it is very fteep .

reaches as far as the vil lage ofDonzell Aquarter of a leathis road that of Hunningen croffes a fmal l rivu let (41runs rapidly from theNeumagne, below the town of Staufin. Tl“

makes the Hunningen road very bad abou t th is part for fiftet°

Two hundred rods beyond this rivu let (41) the road crofi‘

es am

at right angles, which comes from Donnell and leads

Schmitbauj en and Staufen.

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A P P E'

N D I X .

After crofling the brook you come to a fmall emintlaid out in vineyards , wh ich is very fteep on the fide towards I :

Here you take the right-hand road to the wooden crofs u

come again to feveral meadows bu t to the left-hand , fr

with wel l-cultivated fields, extend wider and wider from t

Thefe fmal l eminences continue on the left as far as the v i l lage

engen and even from thence to the banks of the Rbine

you mu lt pafs over them behind Scbliengen, if you do not intenttheRbine. Aquarter of a league from the crofs (57) is a road (58to the left-hand over the mountain (55 ) to the cattle OfHeitezfl »

Ninety rods from hence you come to an eminence and (0 1

road to the vil lage of Bottberg On this eminence ten 0

men may march a-brealt ; and on the top of it is a wel l-cu ltivateground , which extends as far as the d iltant mountains of SclrwaThefe parts are very uneven , by reafon of a continual varietyval leys, meadows, vineyards, and woods, (0 that no camp can

formed here.

i

Aquarter of a league from this eminence (59) the road is in

by another, which leads from the vil lage of Unteffiq/eld (64)fitfeld. Four hundred rods from th is crofs-way, by means of

bridge you crofs over a rivu let, which at firlt, near the

Ruckingen is fo large as to put two mil ls in motion . Th

runs from hence towards Unterficy‘eld where it is croffed by a

bridge . Behind the laft-mentioned vi llage it lofes itfelf in the 11

which extend towards Hotter/berm As this rivu let rifes b ig]the winter, and does a deal of damage by its inundations, thebouring peafants, in order to remedy this inconvenience in fonfu re, have dug the bed of this rivu let very deep : on this accot

have been p bl iged to bu i ld a bridge over it.

After pafii ng over the ftone bridge you come, on the

of theHunningen road , to an inu called Steinenbrucklein, near wh icl

on the left-hand leads to the vi l lage of Buckingen Behindl age are feveral roads , fome leading to the neighbouring vi llagothers to Scb'warzwalde. When you have proceeded ninety To

the above-mentioned inn, the Hunningen road grows very indibut the plain extend ing from Neuburg (90) as far as the vill :Scbliengen (91) and Steinefylatt is extremely pleafant. P1

thefe vi l lages, which l ie under the hil ls (5 there are roads lea

the city of Neuburg , and the banks Of the Rbine. Aquarter of afrom the (tone bridge the Hunni ngen road divides into twc

wh ich unite again near the hedges aboutObermuller The direto this place is but l ittle frequented fo that it is belt to take th

V0 1. . IV. 3 B

A P P E N D I X .

road on the left-hand , which leads to the mountain Abutand fixty rod s from the place where the two ways meet, a road

on the left-hand leads from Buckingcn (71) through thewood (7Neuburg You fti l l travel on the mountain to the left-handtill you come, after a good quarter of a league, to the village of I :brim Seventy rods from this place , on the left fide, is a 1

houfe behind which the h igh road pafi'

es . The fmall accl ivitymay be eafl ly afcended , and five or fix men may go up the h ill a

-b

Here the infantry need not crowd clofe together upon the road , a

declivity down the h ill , on the other fi de, is very eafy as far as til t

l age of-Obermullen, where it is fomething fteep. The country (65 )

on the left fide between Ruckingen (71) and Mullen on the h illis fruitful and wel l cu ltivated as far as Scbwarzwalde. The enemytake advantage of this, in returning from Scbenau and Badenwi ller ,the h il l , to Br i/gam,

as they affemble together, and march in

order into the plain ofNeuburg (90) or elfemaymarch over the mrains, and draw up in order Of battle in the plain of Heitetj l

‘

eim

The narrow val ley from Badenwi ller is the only road between Fm:and Hunningen, through wh ich the enemy can march with their artinto thefe parts towards the Rhine ; for in the other val leys only bag;horfes and mu les can be made ufe of. I f the caftle ofBadenwi ller

be firftfeized , an armymay eafily become mafters of al l this pafs (1cAhundred rods farther on th is road (76) are feveral hed es 1

which inclofe the meadows lying to the right-hand ofMullen (79'

l

meadows are watered by the brook which runs from Baden'wi ller ,extend as far as Neuburg .

Ahundred rods from the place where thefe hedges (78 ) begun,

lh al low ford over a branch of the river and a hundred and ten

farther, is a fecond ford over another branch (3 ) of it. Between

branches is a road (1) leading to Obermullen which vil lage l iesa hundred and eighty rods from the Hunningen road . The riverifes in the mountain beh ind Badenwi lkr and runs througl

vil lage of Obcrwi ller where it puts fome iron-works, wh icllong to themargrave of Baden-Dur Iacb, in motion. Farther on it

flows its banks near the mountain (on wh 100) ftand waters the grounds abou t the vil lage of v

the hills on the right and left, which form th is val ley (101) termiWhen you have crofi

'

ed the laft-mentioned branch of the river (3 :the Hunningen road , and proceeded a hundred and forty rods far

you pafs over another brook which rifes in the mountain of Se

The Imperial ilts are fo called in this furvey.

A P P E N D I X.

ii i/ab, and runs between the vil lage of M ilan and the eminenare laid out in vineyards. This rivulet winds farther to theamong themeadows, and there unites with another fiream, v

in the mountain behind Badenwi ller . I f it does not happen

flood , an army mhy pafa the meadows and advance to tl

Neuburg On the left-hand, about a quarter of a league

rivu let you come to the foot of a h il l (5 which is {teep 01

and al l over planted with vineyards.Two hundred and fifty rods farther, when you have c

road (8 1) leading from the vi llage of Harheim toNewmountain on the left of the Hmrm

'

ngen road runs at right at

Hacber'

m, wh ich vil lage you leave on the left-hand .

The ground on the left (70) upon the eminence 5 fror

lage ofMir/1m (80) as far as Scblz'

mgen (91 is only fit for fmwhere no more than a hundred men can be drawn up in

battle.

The plain of Neuburg , however, where fmal l fhruhs and htshere and there, is half a league diftant from the places marke'

gu res near the vil lage ofAucbm The number

the extremity of the meadows over which fquadronsmay march for above a quarter of a league, as far as a canal

reaches to Stein/lat: (9 This canal is feven feet deep, an

ten in breadth, and ferves to convey the water fiom the rivule

ning throuoh the village of Scblr'

mgen (91) upon thefe meadAt the en of the canal is the road (97) leading fromon the left-hand over the mountain to the vil lage of

thence to Veldburg and laftly to Srbwarzwalde.

Four hundred rods farther on (from 97) you come to an:

leading from Scblimgen (91) over the meadows (99)bars (75 ’Aquarter of a league from the lafiz-mentioned road (98 ) l iet

vil lage of Schliengen through which the rivulet (7) that riOder-Ed am) : below Srbwarzwalde, runs . This firewatering the meadows ofLie]!Sch/ranger: (9 and Stein

fal ls into the Rbim. The Hunningen road is here divided intowhich unite again,

after crofli ng a brook, upon the top of the

The road to the right is more commodious for cavalry and

that to the left is indeed fhorter, but more difii cult ; efpecial lyup the hil l of Bel/raga: (11 1 which this road leads to. But

down the decl ivity on the left-hand road , you mull: go along ;

7) as far as a wooden crofs (1 where you turn (hort to

hand towards themonntain(11 But if you take the right—ham

3 B 2

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A P P E N D I X .

th is route is to be afcended . This wood does not grow thick,open, fo that fquadrons of horfe may advance in i t.

About a quarter of a league from one extremity of the v1

you come to the other on the right-hand , where l ies theleading , on the left-hand, to thevillage ofMafpacfl 15 1 and 0

hand running below to the vil lage ofHc'lme/ing Here

another road below which leads to the village of i l ’inteifrrOn the right-hand , in the parts marked (d ) , fquadrons of

advance ; bu t on the left-hand the wood extends above a qleague, and then the road l ies over a {mal l eminence planted(f) , and by a very gentle defcent leads towards Hunningen.

From the extremity of the vineyards (f ) to a {tone brid,

about a quarter of a league ; where fquadrons of horfe may m

Oppofite to this {tone bridge (153 ) is a fmal l eminence (9) 01hand , which extends i tfelf between the vi l lages of Efr ingenION/Jew Under the {tone bridge (153 ) is a fmal l ritwh ich runs on the left-hand from the vil lage of Hal/Em (15Egr ingen (152 ) , and waters the meadows abou t the vil lage l

After this it unites with a branch of a river which runs th

dingen ( puts a mill (134) in motion, and at length l.

the Rl ine.

After you leave the {tone bridge (153 ) behind you , a very ftr

l ies on the left, and the Hunningm road turns on the ri

wood (k) , which is very clear and Open, and interfperfed wi t

fields. This wood reaches as far as the vil lage ofHell elingrn,at the d iftance of th ree quarters of a league from the ftone bl

Ncar the end of thi s vil lage (140) you crofs a fmai l river,from the hil l of Kander , from which it alfo takes its name .

let d rives feveral mil ls , waters the meadows between Ki rcbrz

J‘

lJerkt and empties itfelf into the Rhine. Behind thc

ttoned {tone bridge the road i s d ivided into three ways , 01

goes on the right-hand to the v il lage ofM 'r lzt whicl

banks of the Rhine another, wh ich runs in a direc’t l ine, is tgen road ; and the third , on the left-hand , leads to the vi l

'

l ie on the mountains on that fide .

The Humzingen road l ies through a delightfu l plain (145)ter of a league from I —I eltelingen , ti l l you come to the vi llage

of the h il l and farther on you pafs Oppofite to the cal’cle of .

however, in al l this part of the road you mull march very fl.

der the mountain l ies a ruinous chapel (5 ) and a hundred a

farther you pafs over a fhal low rivu let (t) , which divides itfibranches on the right one of

.which runs along the lower rr.

A P P E N D I X .

1nd empties itfelf near the village ofMerkt (142 ) into the Rbine ;1ther runs a hundred and twenty rods along the Hunningen road, til:urns, together with another road towards the Rbinc, and in

:ourfe waters the meadows . The faid meadow-grounds are fo ot

gown with trees and fmal l bu lhes, that it is difficu lt tomarch throrcm.

Ahundred and ci bry rods from the highway you pafs (11he partsmarked 147 by a branch of theRhine; and a hundred and eig'

od s farther, you come to a road leading to the cattle of Fr ied/in!as the plain 16 1) l ies within fightof the town ofHunningen, it is neefs to bemore particular about it.Bu t in order to go from the place, where the good road fromH

ringer: on the left (94) leads to Scbliengcn, you muft turn betweenminences (96 and 1 1 1) towards Bellingen ; and then it is neeefl

'

ar]arecced over the hil ls a) , it being impracticable any further for carriam the fide of the

'

na. After this you pafs through the villagesRam/d eb and B lan/ingen (157) to a chapel and farther on tt

wooden crefe (g) til l you come by a very fleep decl ivity to the vil lag1Efi-ingen Behind th is vi llage you pafs over the plain (g) , t.

b rough the wood s (k) , and at length to the Hunningen road on

ide the vil lage of Heltelingen. The foot-path fii ll runs paral lel to

Zhine from the vil lage ofRbinfwi ller towards Kleinkembs and

78, 18 1) but it is very narrow, difficu lt, and lies mofily on the (h

nd rocky banks of the

After you have pafl'

ed the village of [flein 18 1 the road becon

rat’

ticable for baggage, artillery, Cs’c.

S E C T. I I .

A Survey qf tbe Road éetfween Freyburg and Rheinfelden

HE common road from Freyburg to Rbeiry’elrlen l ies throu

Bafil of this, however, I (hal l take no notice but (hal l only 1

mac another road , which is four leagues fhorter, but in fome pla1ry difficu lt to travel , and , except in a cafe of necefli or when y

ou ld avoid the Swij } territories, by no means to be ch en. The b:

;emutt be regu lated according to the condition of this road. I tW1

loft advifable to take nothin but baggage-horfes or mules th is we

1 which means you may, at a 1 events, reach this place from B r

o-h

A P P E N D I X .

in four-and-twenty hours. The difianee from Freyburg to R

only twelve French leagues.

Great guns, from twenty to thirty pounders, may be dratif no great expedition be required, fo that there be time to mhol low places in the road ; but, withou t th is, it i s almoft enti1ticable to artil lery, on account of the mountainous countr

d iftance of half a league from Freyburg , you mu ll travel a'

part of a league up the mountain, til l you come to the

afcent where there is a convenient place for the infantrybreathe til l the horfe arrive at this defile.

On this mountain abou t thirty feparate houfes lie fcatteredpafs of half a leag

ue. Here are no lh rubs norwoods but, nt

ing the land l ies igh , good grafs grows hereabouts ; and the

which rife in thefe parts, yield plenty ofwater. The aforc

taken together, form a vil lage which is called Storm, and

league and a half from Freyburg .

You have the choice of three roads to Storm. The hefta1

the baggage and artil lery is through the vil lage of Merzba

l ies abou t th ree quarters of a league from Freyburg . At the frbeyond Merzbauj én l ies Langen-Akeren, on the firfi: mounta

you come by the d irect road from Freyburg (1 Langmleague and a qu arter difiant from the lafi-mentioned place.

The fecond road near the vil lage ofGuntlwfibal crofl'

es a

the right fide of this road fiands a crofs the road leading to

decl ines to the left-hand and after palli ng through a wood ,to the top of the hil l , where Langen-Akeren

'

fiands, and

which l ies through Merzbazgfin. This road is very bad to

there is a continual afcent ti l l you come to the above-melage. The cavalry cannot march forward here without

of difii cu lty, the mountain being every where overgrown wit

The th ird road goes through Guntherflbal , along an emi

wh ich runs a rivu let. Hard by a benfe called Hol/lbagen, tlel ines to the right-hand , and leads to the principal road, 11

hundred rods d iftant from it.

The vil lage ofHorbe (2 ) lies about a quarter of a league frM en u , and the road hereabouts is very good . As foon as ye

Horde, there is an acl ivity of half a league to afcend . The

road is the belt for cavalry. The road on the left-hand i '

travel , and , about half a league fromHorde, joins the mainwhich alfo unites (12 ) the way leading over the eminen

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A P P E N D I X .

Gcfcbroend confifls of twenty houfes, and lies at the foot of a10) from wh ich alfo iflhes a fi re-am,

wh ich direéi s i ts cour

the high road leading to Br ifar , Wal ly/nut, Sl aufen, and Ujflvfeld iflance from Gq/e/J-wend to Stzzuj en is fou r leagues, and fromto lVa/rlj l

sut eight leagues . The road is mountainou s , and ft

nient for tr00ps, that it is general ly travel led only by pack

afies.

(Wen/elder: (11) l ies about a quarter of a league from Grfibconli fts of twenty houfes. Through the middle of the vi lla;Rbei ry

'

cld road , which (ti l l runs paral lel to the rivu let, on the

The road towards Stanj en bears to the right-hand, and l iesof the mountains.

From Ufi nfelden to Seband a the rivu let fti l l runs on your

The diftance between thefe two vil lages is half a league ; an

rivu lets which come from the mountains unite in the meadowSobonon (12) l ies half way between ,

Freyburg and Rhein/214a very proper place for

an army to halt. The hill in this plhundred rods in breadth . I n length it extends from Scbenoz

j elden, and upon it are feveral plains, onwhich an army may en

account of the mountain and narrow ways, it may certainlyupon as a long day

’

s march from Freyburg to Scbenrm. Y

be performed in that time there being no place for ha

cepting the plain of Star , which is only two leagues and a

Freyburg .

Sobenau confil’ts of thirty houfes , al l by the river’s fide ; amthe river by a bridge, and proceed to the meadows, and feattt

which l ie eaftward on a hil l .Beyond Scbenrmyou mu ll: go on the right ti de of the ri1

hundred rods from the vil lage you come to a narrow way lyir

the river and the rocks on the right.This defile (13 ) is three hundred rods in length . Near

mity of it the mountain winds two hundred rods to the well

on it are four houfes.

From this fmall plain one comes again into a defile, whicl

ter of a lea e in length , and ends near a mil l oppofitt

towards 0 en, are twelve houfes. Two hundred rods from

and three quarters of a league from Sobenau , between the

the mountains, lies a (mal l vil lage called Afiel confill

In the largemap of Sadoin, Caj lel is placed hereabouts.

Vor. IV. 3 C

A P P E N D I X .

The difiancc fromAjfi l toManbacb is about three quarters of a le

through a very difli cu lt, (tony, and narrow road , wh ich {til l has thevu let on the left. The v il lage of Mambacb, which l ies on the

fide of the rivu let confifts of thirteen houfes, and you crof:

river by a bridge lying .welt and eaft, before you come to the v il

Th is place l ies at the foot of a hil l , from which runs a fmal l riv

which alfo bears the name of l lfonbocb.

Ahundred and fifty rods from th is village you pafs over another blfrom eaft to weft. A/borb, orAzenbacb, is a fmal l village of ten

tered houfes lying on the banks of the river ; it is about a quarter

league fromMonbacb. Hereabouts the mountain begins towiden,you fee fome arable land .

FromAj bacb to Zell is bu t a quarter of a league, the rivu let lyinthe way on the left fide of the road . The vil lage Zell whichfifis of one-and-thirty houfes , is the heft in al l th is country, and l ie

the rivu let which you crofs fxom welt to eaft over a bridge . From hto Houfi t which is fometh ing above a league from Zell, the th e

rain begins to increafe in breadth . Hon/£419) l ies in the midd levery fertile plain, which is five or fix hundred rods in breadth .

country is very fit for a‘

camp, both on account of forage, and conti{npply of water. There are no narrow ways or defiles beyond 1

and on the mountains, on the.

eafi-fide, you meet with vi l lages and fihoufes as far as wh ich i s three leagues from Honflét. Ahalf a league from this place l ies another vil lage, cal led Farnau

which l ies on the eaft-fide of the river, and confifts of one-and-tw

houfes, which are contiguou s. The rivu let continually runs on

right of this road . The d iftance from Fornau to Scbopfen is a quart1a league. Scbopfen (2 1) is a pretty bu ilt town, lying in the midd lthe plain ; and the Rheinfelden road , wh ich has the rivu let to the r1

'

l ies through it. Towards the fouth is a fmal l vil lage, confifting of a'

thirty houfes, with a wall and a deep ditch round it. From th is tto Bqfil is four, and toRbeinfelden three leagues and a half.

At a quarter of a league from Scbopfi n, the way to Rbeinfi’lden turn

from the high road lead ing toBo/il . The former runs d ireCtly fouth ;this winds off along the mountain to the weft. From this divifion oi

road to the wood , the ground is al l pafiure. The wood extends to

village lVicbr, which is half a league from Scbopj en. From the entr:

of thewood toWi th: the road is bad, on account of the hil l , and

l ittle fprings and ftreams running from th is wood . Both may be avo

by fetching a compal'

s on the left , juft as you leave M d » ; and thison the top of the hil l comes again into the”’icbr read . This vil lage

'

t Pofiibly Houj En.

.A P P E N D I X .

in which are twenty-five difperfed houfes, is (0 environed t

that you fee nothing of it til l you are juft in it. Aleague ar

fromWiobs, on the road to Rbeinfi ld m, l ies another villagefilm. The country is level , produces corn, and is interfper

veral thickets . From hence to Rbei tyfeldm is about a leaguc

l ies on the mountain but the h ill terminates about a quarterfrom it. The plain at the extremity of the hill is above halfbreadth , and extends to the town . There are fome memore arable land on this plain : however, under cover of th

dens and hedges, troops may advance within mufket-thot 0

without being difcovered .

Rbei ryeldm lies on the other fide of the Rbine, and is wa

The bridge over that river is ninety-four rods in lengtharch is defended by a fquare tower, wh ich i s four rods in f1defends the bridge, and it muft be pafi

'

ed through in march

town. I ts height equals that of the eminences round it.

p latform is boarded , and the parapet has l oop-holes for

Before the tower and the bridge is a covered-way in the fornwork though the faces of it are but nine rods in length .

tower, the bridge is defended by another work, in the form 0

which is furrounded by the Rbine. This l ies on the rightbridge in going into the town ; and there is but two arcl

it and the town. On the land-fide it has a terrace, but not c

part. There is alfo on it an eminence for ereéting a batterymiddle a guard

-houfe. The town cannot be attacked on thr

unlefs the bridge be firft furprifed which is not to he do

making yourfelf mafter of the covered-way, the draw-bridth ree gates . Thirty rods from the bridge, on the bank of ti

the town fide, is a fmail eminence, from which the mart]:

battered the town . This eminence i s not above a hundret

rods from the town ; and as i t is laid out in vineyards andgives an opportunity of coming very near the bridge under

the bridge fland three guards, one at the entrance of the cit

on the half-moon, and the third on the tower at the bridge-fthe laft corp: dogaarde a detachment of a corporal and feven 1

vate men is fent to the eminence oppofite to the bridge.

itfelf has neither terrafs nor ramparts, but only a fingle

which a way is made with boards and it has loop-holes f1

arms. I ts chief ftrength muft l ie in fix or feven towers, what fome diftance from each other, and have on the fides l

brafure for the mufketry ; though I don’

t queftion but ft

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A P P E N D I X .

the cannon of Freyburg , it is unnecefi'

ary to fay any motvillages .

An army deltined to march over the mountains, and 111

into the difiriét of Con/lance, Vi llingen, and Rotwei l , lhou ld

the bottom of the hi ll , where the above-mentioned vil lages l ito have fufii cient time for fil ing of? over the eminence to the

St. Peter , Wogen/teig , and the Hollentba l (1 2 ,

After pafii ng thefe eminences, the army may again join 1

fummit of the mountain to encamp, where forage wil l no

ing, the whole country being well inhabitated and cu ltivated .

h ill s in the way to the town of Vi llmgm l ie on the let

way to Con/tonee turns off to the right-hand , to the mountai

cal led Halle.

The hi ll s and rocks form a defile , which begins near thHimmelreieb and continues three French leagues and a

along the narrow way not above fou r men can go a-breaft.

defile there are feveral houfes, and at the end of it a mount

mutt be afcended . The enemy, if they are for oppofing th1

the army, may eafily entrench themfelves ; and as the way i

and winding , this pafs may be fecu red w ith a fmal l body, ifuch a cafe, to fall on their rear. The foot muft take the rt

with red in the map, at the entrance (2 ) of the a mfle:which immediately leads up the mountain, oppofite the gre

St. P eter . On the top of this mountain the troops may advs

tal ions, and make themfelves mafiers both of the accl ivity leminence where the enemy may have entrenched theml

After they have afcended the mountain and pafi'

ed 0

Der Halle, they may advance in fquadrons, extend themftright and left, and , if necelfary, encamp ; the hill beingdefcent, and the country wel l cu ltivated . Three hundred rottop of the mountain a road on the left leads to HolgraVi llingen road

Four hundred and fifty rods from this road, which is markq

four houfes, which are cal led Die Steige Here the emp1

keeps a corps de garde, confifting of fixmen and a corporal, 1

l ieved every week from Vi llingen.

Three hundred rods from the Steige on the right, l i r

to the abbey of St. Blaifi’

, from whence the road to Corylanrrun on a defcent, though almoft imperceptibly .

Five hundred rods from Wege(7) the road to Conflance hrright-hand th rough marthy meadows, which are difficu lt toon the left it is clofely confined by a wood . Both thefe in

A P P E N D I X .

terminate at the d iftance offive hundred rods . And then you come t1way (8 ) by which the infantrymaymarch hither from St. Peter

’

s val

Ahundred and fifty rods fromWd the road to Con/lance va l ittle to the left ; and on the right of it are two houfes mi leAltmteege, and alfo the road to Z urzach. From hence two fquatmay march a-breaft on the road to Con/tance.Aquarter of a league fromAltmwege (9) the road widens on

right-hand , fo as to afford room for an encampment.

Four hundred rods from the place where the road begins towiden 1is a wooden bridge (1 1) over a l ittle river formed by a conflux of

neighbouring fprings . From the bridge this road is every where l

nough to admit three fquadrons to march in front.

About half a league from the wooden bridge (11 the Con/lancetu rns off (hort to the right and leaves the road lead ing to Vi ll

on the left. After crofii ng the river you go paral lel to th1

for half a league, as far as Nenflna’

t where you crofs the river aThere is no need of going through the town ; but only fol lowing the cof the river . Behind the town , towards the eaft, is a way (13 ) by uthe infantry may approach , to make themfelves mail ers of the p lain

betwixt Rotenbach and Lofingen (2 3 , and to force the enemy tcthe trenches which , as lh al l be prefently lhewn, might blocthe way leading up the mountain

About a quarter of a league from the town of Neu/ladt ftands alows ; and behind it is a road by which the infantry may ad1

into the plain (2Ahundred and thirty rods farther , the road of Con/lance, whicl

h itherto lain along the mountains on the left, begins to afcend the n

tain at and you leave the river on the left-hand , for there it

away towards an eminence, over wh ich the infantry may l ikewife 1trate intoLofingm plains.Three hundred and thirty rods from the place marked v

the afcent begins , you tu rn off (bort to the left and the we

comes fteep and difficu lt : however, not fo as to be impraCticable t

baggage of an army.

Ahundred rods from the place where the road winds to the left,turn again (19) to the right, and leave the h ighway (20) on the

wh ich , in cafe of exigency, may ferve for bringing the baggage tor

the plain and t e town of Lofingm After you havevanced three hundred and fifty rods from the place where the road

lhort to the right, you come to the fummit of the mountain v

two or three fquadrons in front ma march as far as the entrenchr

which here extend a hundre and fifty rods farther: The 1

A P P E N D I X .

faid entrenchments are calt up and defended by the peafantt

Freyéurg is befieged but at prefent they are entirely fal lenThey reach as far as the Fi r-wood to the right and left, whe1

fants, in order the better to block up th is way, have fel led gbers of trees . This mountain is but fou r or five hundred rods

and on both fides very (teep , and difiicu lt to pafs . But 01:

of the above-mentioned entrenchments, the road goes do!gentle defcent from the mountain as far as the vil lage of Ramhere two fquadrons in front may at all times advance.

of Rotmbacb (2 3 ) is half a league d iftant from the entrenchn

l ies in a fmal l val ley, through the middle ofwhich a rivu let ryou come to a wooden bridge (24) over it. Beh ind the above

vil lage l ie fome plowed lands (2 where an army may en

regu late their motions at p leafure.

Ahundred and thirty rods from the extremity of the vil lagbarb, on the left-hand is a road (26) leading to Zarzoon ant

dred rods farther, there is a wooden bridge (27) over a l ittle 1

th is place, as far as the town of Lofi ngen it is only half a leagt

whole country is wel l cul tivated and popu lous . Troops maytimes advance in order of battle .

The vi llage of Lofingen l ies in a fertile vale, and is only C

with an ind ifferent wal l . There is no necefli ty for enteringbut an armymay pafs on the right and left of it.Half a league from the town of Lgfingm the Corylanee road

a wood where troops may advance on the right, withficu lty, in fquadrons . This wood continues for a quarter o

and from thence the road goes along a rich and level countryarmies may conveniently encamp.

A quarter of a league from the extremity of the wood

pafs through a large village cal led Unadingen which l ies i

ing plain (3 Fou r hundred rods from the laft houfes of

of Unadingm, on the right-hand is a wooden crofs , where 1

meet : that on the right leads toWold/but, the midd le road intand that on the left to Con/tonee.

Ahundred and twenty-five rods from the wooden crofs

Con/tonee road w inds to the right down a h il l Ahtninety rods from the beginning of the h il l you come t

where are feveral l ittle fireams (3 which may be pafli

bridges . Beyond thefe you leave a broad road 36) on the left;to the vil lage ofDef/

'

quingm and the Corytnnce road goesAquarter of a league beyond the ftreams on the le

the way 39) to De/quingen there is room enough for

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A P P E N D I X.

over which the Con/lance road lies is four or five hundrec

breadth .

About half a league farther, on the left-hand, is a wooden t

and a road which°

alfo winds to the left up the hil l . Abuteigh ty rods farther is a broad way, which goes up an acel i

where the v il lage Ri et-Efebingm (58 ) l ies . Th rl

along very good , and l ies here through meadow grounds .

Half a league from the broad way on the left-han

wooden crofs the road , in a d ireet l ine, leads ,to Dan.

The Con/lance road , at firft, winds off to the right ; but afterwathe rivu let from the right to the left and at the end ofa longa league, comes to the village Leuferdingm wh ich ftandthree or fou r hundred rods in breadth .

Beyond the vil lage Leuferdingm the mountains on

are cu ltivated and the infantry may march here very conven'

quarter of a league beyond the village, you afcend a bi ll ; a1

the pafs through the wood be guarded by the enemy, the inttake the right-hand road . Th is road has woods (62 ) on our

com fields on the other

Along quarter of a league from the

place where the road di '

you come to the end of the wood , w ich l ies on the right-l

the way is interfeéted by another large road (64) at right angl1Three hundred rods from this interfeétion you come t1

crofs(6 Some pine-trees on both fides the road, which 1to ferm an accl ivity , make it lbmething narrower than before.

Ahundred rods from the crofs (6 a road (66 ) turns of n

which , in a cafe of necefii ty, may be of fervice to the foot.

foon meet again at where the woods on both fides at

a narrow pafs but, after three quarters of a league, it termthe wood , and you come gradually into a low plain wh i

to the mountam on wh ich the cafile of Hobmlefen (69) Italcaftle l ies a quarter of a league from the road, and was endby the Swedes, when they penetrated into this country.

Three hundred rods from the extremity of the wood on

hand, the wood which lies on the left alfo terminates. An(70) which was divided at (6 1, 66 ) here joins again ; and, orgeney, may be of great fervice to the infantry.

Ahundred and eighty rods from the place where thefe1

e right-hand , ltands a’

wooden crofs and a road

leadin'

toW ane: at right angles, and goes fronWJW .

VOL. IV

A P P E N D I X .

Eight hundred rods farther, along a cultivated and fioping groryou come to the foot of the mountain where, on the right

-hr

fiands a Capucbin convent Bu t the road to Con/tance tu rns ofthe left along the tkirts of the mountain bu t, at the d ittanc

two hundred. rods, you turn again thort to the right, and leave a woo

crofs and two roads (74) on the left.A hundred and thirty-five rods from the

.crofs (74) is a fmal l r

which runs from the vil lage and directs its court

the right. The hi l l (77) on the fame fide is very tteep ; but the 1

over it is not difficu lt.Ninety rods from the river (75 ) you afcend an eminence, on wl

eighty rods farther, the town ofEngea (78 ) l ies on the right. This tohas a double wal l , and fome towers , which might defend one anotl

but are now in a ruinous cond ition : however,’

the road afcends forty 1

farther up the acc livity, and afterwards turns off on the left towards ti

boutes (79) which l ie detached from the town. To the right of

p lace l ies a beautifu l plain where an armymay encamp. Bel

the above-mentioned houfes (79) are two roads that on the r ight 11

to the woods and that on the left to C01} ance.

Half a league from the detached houfes a wood begins on

fide of the way to Confiance(8 1) . But this road may be avoided ,tu rning thort on the right towards a glade in the woods (82 ) .road is interfeéted by two ways at right angles, v iz. the former (8 3 )advancing a hundred and twenty rods into the wood and the l

about two hundred and twenty rods farther.

Two hundred and thirty rods from this latt road you come toend of the wood , and a large h ighway, which goes towards Waleand croll

'

es theCon/lance road at right ang les. To the right is an emin1and a hundred and fixty rods between it and

road, l ies a level , on which are feveral houfes, where'

an army maytend itfelf in front. To the left you keep on for a .

great way up a t

mountain (8 8 ) .ov1ergrown with fhrubs,

Eight hundred rods from hence, on the left, ttands a chapel

the road branches ou t on each tide of it : one of which leads to the tofAacb( which is fituated on a very tteep mountain, and may be

tered on each tide from the above-mentioned mountains lying tc

left. This town is only furrounded with a mean wal l . The Con/lroad bears to the right below the mountain, between the town of 1

and the eminence (86 ) on the right.Two hundred and fifty rods from the chapel you come tc

extremity of the floping mountain, where you meet with feveral htcalled the lower town of Aocb. Through the middle of

vil

A P P E N D 1 x.

vil lage runs a rivu let, which takes its rife near( not far from

and , between thirty and forty rods from its fpring—head, d

mil ls . On the road to Con/lance you crofs this rivu let by meatbrid e.

The latt houfes of the town ofAacb are a hundred and 1

from the (tone bridge, where a road (93 ) turns ofi‘

on the l

the fource of the rivu let But the Carylance road goec u ltivated eminence, behind which an army may extend it

right to above a league in length .

Two hundred and ninety rods from the way (93 ) towardsmentioned fpring, you come to a wooden crofs, and threeon the right : that wh ich winds of mott to the right, leads t1

the midd le road , which goes tl raight on, is that of

and that to the left brings you to the vineyards, which l ie a h1

from the road , on a hil l , the top of which is covered with an

wood . Aquarter of a league from the place where thefe

d ivide a road (96 ) bears to the left ; and at the d ittanhundred rods farther, another (97) crofl

'

es the Con/tance roa

angles . On both fides are woods but they are not

extend only a hundred rods ; and from thence you come i

p lain wh ich reaches to the cattle of Langenj teinThis cattle is a quarter of a league from the end of the

and mutt be pafl'

ed on the right. As i t is furrounded with 1

a draw-bridge, fome l ittle defence migh t be made i n it againttThe b il l (100) which l ies on the wett-fide of this cattle, and

hundred rods from it, entirely commands one of its flanks .

The road to Con/tance tu rns thort off for the fpace of

paces along an eminence on this fide, at the lower part of

brick-kiln On the right-hand is a road where int

march , which , after leaving the eminence (103 ) on the I

again with the former in the plainAhundred and thirty rods from the brick-kiln (101) you

ttone bridge (102 ) a-crofs a river, which winds on the right 11meadows (10 From thence you immediately afcend a 1

covered with a wood , which may be reckoned a defile thc

but a hundred and fifty rods in length . On the top of the hill ,crets (107) flands on the right-hand ; and to the left is a l

where troops may extend their front.Three hundred and feventy rods from the crofs

defcend to the foot of .th e hill (1 10) , is another crets (1cwhence you come into a very fine plain in which two a1

conveniently encamp . About three hundred and thirty rods

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A P P E N D I X .

Twohundred and thirtyrodsfiomthe placewherethe road div

and near a brick-kiln, the way which turned 05 the other 1

wood (123) unites againwith the main road . On one tide e

is a large wood which extends for half a league

the left are fome pattero grounds, as far as the fide of the la

lies about a hundred and fifty rods from the road ; fo that y1

from hence to the city of Con/lance bywater.Aquarter of a league from the extremity of the wood (12;

village Martelfingm fituated on the fouth-fide of armand from hence alfo you may go by water to Con/lance. Fro

lage to Con/lance, only two fquadrons can march in front.mutt continual ly be kept on the right ; but the wood and the

on the left.

Aquarter of a league from the vil lage of Al arkelfingm; theto Corylance enters a large wood wh ich extends abou

of a league. The d ittance from th is wood to the lake, lyl

right, is betwixt a hundred and fifty and two hundred rod

end of the wood is a plain which is a quarter of a it:

and a l ittle farther l ies the town ofAlmmjpacb wh it

hundred rods in length, and at the d ittance of a hundred rod

lake. The mountain on the left, wh ich is laid out in vinetends to this town , and , with the lake, forms a narrow defile

On the other fide ofAlmm/pacb is a final l plain (139) of

dred and twenty rods in diameter at the end of which the 1

enters a large wood which reaches to the mountain 01

hand. Between the wood and the lake 141) there is row

for two or three fquadrons to march a-brentt.

The wood 140) is five hundred rods in length ; and at t'

it begins a plain which extends to the tide of the lake

Two hundred and twenty rods from the wood o

tide of the road , you come to the corner of the garden-ind

called Heg'nm ; but an army can make little or no advantage 01

at the corners of the garden, or of the hoofe itfelf.

to the left, on a mountain the top of wh ich is cove

wood, and the lower part is laid out in v ineyardsAhundred and eighty rods from the farthefl: corner

the road enters a wood (147) wh ich , however, leaves a

ent iece of ground , betwixt it and the lake, for tr00ps to 1

good)

order. Thinwood (~147 extends for a long quarter of

and brings you.to a fine plain which is feven hund red

At the end of th is plain, the Gen/lance road crot'

fes another roa

to-the vi llag ofH’s/martingm which is three hundre

A P P E N D I X .

length , and lies on the left-hand at the foot of a mountain (150is covered with vines .

On the right, and about three hundred rods from the lake 11

above, the plain (148 ) extends three hundred rods farther,come into a wood (1 through which the Conflance road l ieshundred rods. The end of th is laftwood (15 1) brings you wthan half a league of the city of Con/tance where you fee t

equal ly good , which feparate beyond the wood at Tcountry (15 3 ) to Con/lance is higher than the fituation of that 1

commands the fort of P eterbaa/en, which {lands on this fidRbim’

.

S E C T. IV.

Par ticular Oé/ér fvatiom an tbe P lan qf tbe City of Con

HE fort called Peterbazg’erz, wh ich {l ands on th is fid

Rhine, is built only with earth ; and confilts of four ft

tions, which defend one another, being furrounded with a

and a hedge at the foot of it. The breadth of the ditch is twe

and the depth of water in it is about four or five feet. I t h

covered way ; fome placer d’

armes, and a g laci r, as may be (cc

plan (B) . A‘

raifed work, cal led a caval ier (l ) , intercepts the

the bridge over the Rhine, from the hil l s and the adjacent countwhich are h igher than th is fort cal led Peterbaa/E'n.

The city of Coaflam'

e l ies on the other ti de of the Rbine, on

is a large wooden bridge, and near it the river puts feveral

motion. The fortifications of the city confifl: of a brick-wal l ,any terrafs behind it, which is four rods h igh , and five feet t

has embrafu res, and towers that flank each other, whichmagazines. The ditch , which is l ined with (lone, is eighteebreadth , and near two rods deep ; but the depth of water in

above two or three feet. On the weft-fide of the city are fome

which defend each other, and are furrounded with palifades, V!fend afauflé—braye. The ditch is in this part-twenty rods in i n

above ; but is not l ined . On this fide of the city, towards ti

near (E) , is a redoubt of earth (2 ) bui lt in a morafs fo -that

cefiible only by a narrow caufeway, on wh ich but two perfon:a-breall . The pal ifades in the water, with which both th is rec

5

A P P E N D I X .

the city is furrounded, prevent approaches being made on this icept at the poft(b ) . On the other fide, the city is feparated by(m) from the fuburbs ; and there , in an arable field is tl

p lace for opening the trenches : beyond this field are good 111

The fubu rbs are defended by two baftions bu t, both on the fit

Rhine, and that towards the lake, there is nothing but an incon‘

wal l todefend i t.

Fifteen rods from the city l ies an. ifland (O ) , with a bra".

planted with fome cannon, and a guard, for protecting the herb

and that fide of the city (p ) , adjoining to the lake. Corgflance

popu lous , and carries on a confiderable trade . Here are two

every week, to wh ich the people of the towns and vi llages adjcthe lake refort with their goods in large vefi

'

els by water. As bof foch a conveniency of a water-pafi

'

age from any place on the l

the lake, troops, mortars, and cannon may be conveyed h .

wou ld be an eafy matter to bombard the city of Con/lance.

were l anded hereabou ts on the Swifi fide, and the llu ices were

the city might be taken without any great difficu l ty .

S E C T . V.

Oé/ér 'vatiom on i be Roaa’from Freyburg to Vill ing

T is very difii cu lt for an army to march throu h Srb'warzwal

BlackFore]? and , in order to reach Vz'

llingen, t ere are only tr

that are practicable one of which lies through St. Petersaerg ,

other through the vale ofWagerz/Ieig . The latter is the mofl o

commod iou s road . I t is alfo lhorter than the other, and there i s

little fpot of it that is bad and difficu lt to march over .

I n coming out of Freyburg through the Suabz'

an gate, you pafa

bridge marked (l ) , at the end of wh ich is a hoofe, where the

vides in two, one leading to Br ifac, and the other to Vi llinge.

former turns off to the right-hand , and the latter, which I aming , to the left. Along St . Peter

’

s vale, which is three hundre<length , as far as a chapel which {l ands on the right, th is to :

narrow : however, eight men may go a-breafi in any part of it ;one half of the way through the valley, fifteen men may 1front.

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A P P E N D I X .

that from the mountain to the abbey, which is a long leagu

narrow, that in molt places only two'

horfemen can ride a-br‘

From lVib/er the troops may march in fquadrons to the beginni

defile which is about half a league from the vil lage. Ifome farther account of this road after I have defcribed that4ca r .flThe way to Kirebzarten bears to the right for three hundred

rods, among hedges and thickets ; out of which you may firleft into the meadows, and get clear of the narrow way and tl

The vil lage ofKi rcbzarten lies about a league from Ebnet.

From the hedge (9) you proceed firaight on to a chapel f

rods from which a fingle houfe (l ands on the left. Half a league

lall chapel the road divides in two ; that leading toWage

bears to the right-hand ; but the road leading to ”f ibler and

turns off (hort to the left. The road here i s very good, and fo

fquadrons may march a-breafl in it.

Ahundred and fifty rods from the place where the road d iv

are two hou fes on the left, fifty rods from which a road crofl

WYbIrr . The level , which confifts of fields and meadows, is

dred or a thoufand rods in breadth ; {0 that an army may cmat pleafure.

This plain continues for a quarter of a league, and the w

val ley of lVagrn/Ieig l ies through it till you come to the mounta

left-hand , where a way from IVi/Jl er unites with that of I :

You alfo meet here with a road wh ich comes from Kircbza:and the road is here within feven or eight rods of the river,on the right-hand thus far. Ahundred and fixty rods farther

a vil lage confill ing of twelve or fifteen houfes . The river runi t, which you crofs over the bridge Burg l ies about tleagues from Elmer.

Ahundred and fifty rods from Burg , on the left-hand

leading to St. P eter , which leaves that of IVagerg/lerg to the r

brings you through a vale to the abbey ; bu t it is practicable 01

infantry.

Three hund red rods from thence, on the right-hand , a rang(15 ) begins , and the road enters the Wageryieig val ley, wh icabove two hundred rods broad .

Half a quarter of a league from the h i l l the val leycompafs to the left, of about three hundred rods Abcd red rods farther, on the left-hand fide of the way, you cc

river-tide and on the right: is a natural eminence (17) like an

ment, which reaches to a hill lying at the difiance of a hu

Vo 1. . IV. 3 E

A P P E N D I X .

eighty rods from the road . Ahundred and three rods farther, on the rhand ,

{l ands a chapel (18 ) and Oppofite to it, on the left fide of

road, l ies ”ap nea ,an old ru ined palace, which is abou t eighty

from the chapel . Al l the way from the river to the mountain is :dow ground . The diftance from hence to the v illage of Bucbenbaeb

is a hundred and twenty rods . The breadth of the level to the

hand is about two hundred rods , and thaton the right-hand is of the

breadth fo that fou r fquadrons may here advance a-breafi .

Bucbenbacb l ies abou t half a league from Burg . Three hundredfifty rods from Bucbenbacb, on the left fide of the way, {l and s a ch

(20) and on the right is a l ittle h ill , with three or four fcattered h

on it

Three hundred and fixty-eight rods farther on , is a rifing ground

from which a rivu let runs down on the right. On both fides are a

fingle houfes, and a chapel on the left. All along the right fide 0

road fou r fquadrons may march a-breafi . The belt way for the inf:

is through the meadows near the b il l , which is cu ltivated and has h.

ou rn

Aquarter of a league, or five hundred and feventy-five rods fron

laft-mentioned hil l is another eminence, along wh ich are

houfes within the diflance of three hundred rods from the

The fpring iffu ing from the h il l , d ifcharges itfelf into the river, vr

l ies al l the way to the left of the road , and is here about eightyfrom it.

A hundred and eighty-feven rods from the hill you cor

fome houfes which l ie on the left , and on the right is awhich {l ands on the rivu let that runs from the fide of the

Thus far (24) the road is without any difficu lty , and there is

enough on both fides to extend the front of an army .

Two hundred rods farther, you come to another mil l , with a l

(2 where a narrow way, which continues for two hundred rods

gins : on both fides of which , however, the foot may very wel l

vance.

At the d ifiance of a hundred and fifty-fix rods , you crofs fron

right to the left fide of the river over a bridge 27) and a hundret

forty-three rods farther on the left fide of the way are two houfes

which fland at the foot of the h i l l .Ahundred and ten rods from thefe houfes l ies the l ittle v

ofWagenfleig , from which the hill derives its name. Here you

from the left-fide of the river to the right ; and the road whicl

been very good thus far, be

gins to grow worfe in the vil lage. W.

fleig is but a league from Bur cabacb. At leavingWagmfieig, you

A P P E N D I X .

to a hil l that extends from the left to the right as far as

or St. Mergen, which is about a league fiomWagetyleig .

mountain iffues the Frej burg river but one of its fou rces l ies

from St.Mar ta , in the country of the Hob/en Grabem, or dee

Away leads a-long the hi l l to St. Peter and St.Mergen ; but 1t is .

for the baggage .

On the right fide of the hi ll a way leads directly up theTh is i s the road the baggagemuff take : i t is , indeed , ti

way ; but is very fl eep , narrow ,and d ifli cult. I n fome place:

is hewed as it were into Reps , it being otherwife impaffable.

takes up a fu l l quarter of a league before you gain the top of ttain , where the road proceeds along the fummit of the b i ll , a

good . On the right fide of the road another eminence wto the fou th , along which there 1s a way for the baggage to pa

is not fo troublefome as the former, but makes a greater circu i tit is not free from {tones and fl eep places but it is the ufu

carriages. On the right

-hand is a rivu let, which d ifchargesthe ri ver atWagerfiezg . The fou rth road (3 1) is but a footthe infantry and baggage

-horfes.

pafs that way . I t l ies on the

of the hil l , and brings you agai n into the h igh road . Thefe

are the route that the imperial troops take, i n marching to PreOn the fummit of the mountain there 1s a good road

wood , or other imped iments, along wh ich two fquadrons rr

a .-b reafl Four hundred and th irty rods farther, the way wl

rated from the road to the fi ght-hand 3 2 ) joins it again.

quarter of a league farther on it i s joined by that pafs, whcfantry on ly can march .

Two hundred and forty-fou r rods from hence, and forty r

the road is a hoofe on the right-hand ; and two hu n.

twenty rods farther on the left, and eighty rods from the road ,other houfes On the left fide of theft: 1s a wood , which extt

hundred and eighteen rods in length . Al l thefe eminencesequal height, and there are feveral houfes bu i lt among them.

'

1

b itants are mofl ly graziers , and make great quantities of hay : 1

alfo fome grain. I n fummer-time the cattle find a fufficiency c

the val leys and on the eminences : and the inhabitants are una1

w ith any other bufinefs or occu pation befide grazing .

Ahundred and thirteen rods from hence, on the left-hand , fla1

which points out the way to Vi i/rage”. Two hundred and n

rods farther, on the right fide of, the road is a fmal l e

which is a hundred and twenty-five rods in length . The CI

the left-hand 39) is very pleafant, confifis of fine meadows

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A P P E N D I X .

hundred and fourteen rods in length , which extended frot

bafiion to the wood , and was defended by three fmall rec

Th irty rods from th is firfi eminence and redoubt is anoth

fometh ing lower than the former. Th is eminence the impfortified with an entrenchment, or horn-work, which is [fil l ix

dition . I ts faces are ten rods , the flanks fix,and the cu r

From the right fide of i t a d itch is carried to the weby reafon of the fl eep precipices in it, is impenetrable.

Eighteen rods from th is work, on the left, is a ditch 1

length ,wh ich reaches to a wood

,where they made a barri

trunks of trees , as a fence againll: any approaches. They ha.poft on two h il ls betwixt their entrenchments : thefe two

form a narrow pafs , where only ten or twelve men can 5Their van-guard was in the firft entrenchment, and the ren

of their camp extended i tfelf behind the fecond entrenchn

left-hand , adjoining to three eminences on which are th l

from whence they fuppl ied themfelves w ith forage, thefe par

p lenty of hay . The length of the whole ground from the firl

ment to the extremity of their camp was fix hundred and fiftjTh is fituation of their camp rendered it impofii ble to d ifl

unlefs fome means cou ld have been found for attacking t

left fide, from the above-mentioned three eminences ; fortheir camp had no works, and each of the three eminences aflCenough for three or fou r fquadrons to march in front.

Bu t, to gain thefe three eminences , it is necefi'

ary, immeleaving Turner , to take the Nezgflaa

’

t road on the right, wh

end of four hundred rods, brings you to a place wh

perial ifl s cu t down abundance of trees in order to block 1

For beyond this eminence you come to a more extenfive hil lthe above three eminences adjoin . The march to th is plac

but half an hou r and after becoming mafiers of this poll , t

army may be eafily approached , unlefs they have taken fom

cau tions . An exact knowledge of this entrenchment is the r

fary, as , if an irruption from the Frencb army be apprehendt

perial ifis will not fail to fecure this poll .At the end of the Hob/m Graben h il l the th ickets a1

on each fide form a defile of fixty rods i n length . On the

other eminence, with feven or eight hou fes on it.Beyond this defile, the road on the left-hand 50) is the

you leave a fmal l wood on the right, where there is alfo a

wh ich is pafl'

able both for horfe and foot. Th is again unitehighway about a quarter of a league from theHtalen Grader: l

A P P E N D I X .

fort with fou r bafl ions and oppofite to the fort three or four fquad

may march in a d irect l ine on the main road, which proceeds al l thealong the mountain . Th is fort (5 1) commands the road ,

and he

the left fide a wood , in wh ich there are unpalTable fl eep rocks . Or

right-hand the troops may extend themfelves fixty or eighty rods in f

and avoid th is poll ; bu t that way is not praél icable for the bag)This fort has fou r regu lar ball ions and a d itch

,wh ich , indeed , is

above a rod in breadth ; bu t has a kind of pal ifades running alongmiddle of i t. Th is d itch is th ree feet deep , and l ined with large flo r pieces of wood , feven or eight feet h igh , placed clofe together,fafl cned in the earth l ike pal ifades . The fort within is defendednew pal ifade, and a good breafl

-work.

As it is fituated on the fummit of an hil l , it overlooks the adjcountry, wh ich is fometh ing lower ; and cannon may alfo be pl :

there . I ts plan is not very large ; its faces being only nine rods, the

tain fifteen,and the thicknefs of the parapet not above ten or ts

feet. Towards Freyburg a fmall half-moon (52 ) is raifed before

fort, abou t fix rods from the d itch , the faces of which are but five

The breall -works, which are of earth , like thofe in the fort are fel

by pi lotir, or fl akes. The imperial ifl s , both in time of peace and

have a party here to prevent the exportation of horfes , corn, and

commod ities but this party feldom confifl s of above eight men .

Ahundred and fifty rods from the fort, on the right fide of the

i s a fmall wood wh ich is eighty-five rods in length . The

as far as the wood , is fo narrow, that only feven or eight men c

a-breafl in it. The defcent on both fides is very flcep . Eight hu

rods from th is place you come to a l ittle v i llage 54) called Ka l l e/111.9.wh ich confifl s of four houfes . There is a wood on the rigl

this road for a hundred rods at the end of wh ich , the fl eep dccl iv

the mountain forms a defile, wh ich is forty rods in length . The C

may extend their front to the right in th is place.

The difl ance fromTurner to Kaltenberéerg is abou t a league and a

Aquarter of a league from Kaltenberberg , a crofs (55) {l ands 0

left fide of the road , and a fmal l wood on the right. From themcome to a wood on the left, wh ich is four hund red and twenty r~

length . Betwixt thefe woods there is room only for feven or eigh‘

to march a-breafi ; though the wood , wh ich confill s of pine-trtevery where pafi

'

able. At the end of the wood , on the left fide t

road {l ands another crofs and the road divides into two ; tlthe right goes northward , and the other towards the cal l . The la

the mofl commodiou s and bell road ; but it is alfo a league 1

about than that on the right. Both thefe roads lead to a l ittle

A P P E N D I X .

cal led Fereubacb, the difiance from which toKa ltenberberg is f(and feven hundred rods , or two fmal l Frencb leagues . Th

road is pretty good, excepting one place, namely, a l ittle on

Fererzbarb, where you mu ll defcend from the mountain .

Two hundred rods from the crofs, and the place where the

parate ( you mu l l go through a (mal l wood Two

rods farther on you come to another crofs, which {l ands in

oppofite to a fmal l eminence. Here are fou r or five houfes

from one another, the firfl ofwhich {l ands at the d ifl ance of aand ten rods from the road .

Two hundred rods from this lall crofs , on the left fide of

{l ands a chapel (58 ) and facing it, on the right-hand , you 1

h i l l cal led L i la , which extends for a hundred or two hund

on the fide of the road a few fcattered houfes are to be

th is h il l . Five hundred and feventy rods from this crofs youa wood , wh ich forms a defile two hundred and forty rods

Before you come to the wood there is room enough for a

march in fquadrons ; and though fome parts are incumbered withe troops may on both fides march in a greater front. Here

try begins to appear poor and barren .

Three hundred and th irty rods farther, on the left-hand,

(60) and on the right the Scbwartzenbacb range of b ills begifome fingle houfes and fmall villages extend as far as Ferenbm

one of thofe fprings , which run into the little river cal led PF erenbacb, rifes , and directs its cou rfe to the town of Ferenbac.

Fifteen rods from th is crofs you come to a wood

h undred rod s in length , and forms a defile.

Fou r hu ndred rods farther you come to a fecond wood (6is two hundred and fifty

-fix rods in length , where troops mu ll

to defile the road , however, is very good . The eminenc1

wh ich is abou t two hundred and fifty rods from the road , tu

to it on one fide . Aquarter of a league beyond the wood fl a1where a road from the eminence of Li la fal ls into the 1

Here you turn off from th is eminence, the road bearing towarrjufl by the crofs .

Two hund red and fifty rods from the crofs is an eminence (1right fide of the road , wh ich continu es ti l l you come over-a

Seb-warzbacb mountain. I n defcend ing the h il l you keep th isIl il l on the fame fide ; and there are four fcattered houfes in t

the road.

Two hundred and feventy rods from hence, near a crofs (6 ,

{lands on the right, the road begins to go down h ill , and fort

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A P P E N D I X .

Twenty rods from th is crofs, on the left fide of the way,chapel where the mountain grows fieep . The afcent to tl

the hil l takes up three hundred rods, and troops may advance on1.

and left ; for the few hedges to be metwith here are no obltaclc

march . On the top of the mountain (72 ) is a plain , where pre

may be made for marching through the wood , which beginsh und red rods from thence, namely, at near a crofs.

Seven hundred and twenty-one rods from this crofs, at the

of the wood, you come to an entrenchment which is f aifefide oppofite to the city . This was firfi thrown up by the pe

the adjacent vil lages, as a defence againf’t the marod ings of the

troops during the laft war, when they were encamped near )

and as it is conftruéted only of earth and timber, it may be e

fiered otherwife a very troublefome defile mufi be pafi'

ed .

Both before and behind the entrenchment th e road i s betwee

and thirty rods in breadth . Abundance of bufhes wil l hinder thfrom extend ing themfelves in l ines here but infantry may atevery part of it.

Seven hundred and forty-four rods from the entrenchmen

left-hand of the road , {l ands a crofs and fixteen hunt

beyond this crofs brings you to a wood, where you come in

Vi llingm (75 ) it being bu t three quarters of a league difiant

lace .PThree hundred and '

ninety rods from the wood you come tnear a river, which makes a fort of a lake on the right ; but thway is of l ittle importance, and may be avoided by keeping trat the extremity of the wood , where you pafs through a meatthen over a fmall eminence into the plain .

Fou r hundred and eighty rods from this river, the lake (77)on the right fide of the road b ut at the d iftance of two hun

forty rods from it. The plain, wh ich extends from this place to tlvery pleafant and as it is free from hedges or other incumbbody of troops may here form themfelves in order of battle .

Four hundred rods farther, the Strasburg road (78 ) u nitesroad and the lake on the right-hand is h ere two hundred at

rods d ifiant from the road.

Ahundred and eighty-nine rods farther, you come to ah il l

higher than the city and the extremity of it is with in ten or tw

of the city ditch . This eminence is three hundred and fortylength , and about a hundred rods in breadth about the midiNear both the extremities it is about twenty rods broad, and that

the city terminates nearly in a point Th is h ill has no other CVO L. IV.

A P P E N D I X.

near it of a fuperior height ; and the nearefi hi l l is about feven or e'

h undred rods from it. On each fide (8o, 8 1 ) of it are fields and n

dows . On the right runs a fiream, wh ich flows from the lake, and

low the city difcharges itfelf into the river. On this eminence fworks may be raifed for the defence of the town.

lies in a fertile country, which is watered by the l ittle 1

fortifications are inconfiderable, though it has a double mfor the outer d itch is in mol’t places not above eight or nine rods t

I t is fortified with fix fmal l towers, which only cover the gates, and

be of l ittle or no defence to the ditch . The greateftdepth of the w:

which furrounds the whole town, is but five or fix feet

,and in 1

places it does not exceed two feet. Between both ditches (8 3 ) is a twh ich , though it is twelve feet h igh ,

is but two feet in th icknefs.

th is wal l the above-mentiond towers are erected ; and it ferves in!of a covered way for the defence of the outermoft ditch ; but i t haother flanks but the towers of the town-gates . The (pace betwixt ld itches is two rods in breadth but no cannon can be made u i

there, the embrafures being on ly for mu lkets . The place is abund:

too much confined for a covered way in the ufual manner.

Between this place and the town is the fecond ditch , which , ind

i s twelve rods broad, and is fo far from having any water, that it is

as garden-ground . I t has nothing to defend it ; for, as the tower

without flanks, they can be no defence to it. The town wal l (8but three feet and a half in thicknefs, and has a wooden ganground it on the infide ; but it is in very bad order. The embrafure

only fit for fmall-arms and the whole wal l , wh ich contributes l ittnothing to the defence of the town, is but twenty

-e ight feet 11

reckoning from the d itch . The town has fou r principal gates, ar

every gate is a fquare tower, about four yards in front. Some car

ma be planted on them ; but, for want of flanks, they are incapab

deoding the ditch . Befides thefe four gates, there is alfo a fifth,refi ly facing the above-mentioned eminence from which youfire on the town. Upon the tower belonging to this gate two pieccannon are planted ; and as it is higher than the h il l the Vt

eminence may be cleared by the cannon fi'om that tower .

This town has always ferved the imperial ifts for a magazine bot]provifions and mil itary fiores and there are now fixty pieces of car

in it, twenty ofwhich belong to the emperor.

The rifing grounds about the town are not of any great height,are very good arable land. The garrifon general ly confifl s of two I

dred men, with whom the burghers do duty promifcuoufly.

A P P E N D I X .

When this place happens to be bu t weakly garrifoned, itmtaken three or four hours heir

gfufii cient, with fome good i

make a breach in thewal l , whi of i tfelf is bu t weak, and hto defend it.

I f it were not the advantage accruing from having magazip lace, it wou ld be very difficult for the imperialifis to attempta l l the way from Humdngen to Br i/b c the mountainous cc

tween Frqyburg and Vi llz'

ngen (which l ie twelve leagues dife ach other) being too barren and uncu ltivated to yield themfiderable fubfiftence, C‘f

’

c.

s E c'

T . VI .

ASarmy of tbe Road toVil l ingen,fwbz

'

cb declines jRoad rbrougb Wagenfieig, am] lies

Wil ler and St . Peter ey ; but aga in unites a

road defl‘

r iéed aéofve, near Holgraven

EAR the place marked (I ) , referred to in the forego

this append ix, you turn off thort to the left, through tl

of IVi l/er , which is two hundred rods from the main road, amonly of fix houfes and a church.

Two hundred and eighty rods from ”fi ller l ies another vil laSteig confifiing of fix houfes and between thefe villages tvtftand on the right fide of the road .

A hundred and twenty rods farther, fix houfes 3 ) are to bethe right fide of the way ; and eighty rods from thence, on t.

fide, there are fix or feven fcattered houfes near an eminencrh il l at one end is two hundred rods in breadth . On the toproad is good for the length of feven hundred and thirty rods, a.

drons may advance upon it on the right. From hence you cor

againtt a houfe (4) wh ich {lands on the left ; and two hund

eighty rods farther, you fee two other houfes (5 ) lying on th

hand . From hence it is three hundred and eighty rods to the v

”fer/barb, and for al l this way the road is narrow fo that the cava

hal t, as not being able to extend themfelves ei ther'

to the rightThis defile continues for three hundred and th irty rods on

St. Peter’

s abbey, which is near a league from”401mm.

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We

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A l’ 1’ E N U l

S E C T . VI I .

14Defcr iptiaa of tbe Route fwbicb anArmy may take,to marebfrom Hunningen to Rheinfelden and C

wit/boa t tour/Sing on tbe Swifs fl r r itor ier.

N coming from Hunningen, when you have pafi'

ed the

which {l ands on the bridge, you come to an eminenceextremity of which (l ands the caftle of 0

mit of this eminence i s a very fine plain extend ing as

foot of the mountain where the large vil lage of Wei!This vi l lage is about a league from Hunningen : the road l i

i t ; and, when you have pafiedWei ler ,you come to a vale cal led

which ,as you enter into it, is fu l l half a league in breadth .

PI/icfi runs through this vale,'

and , near Klein-Hunningen (itfelf into the Rbiae. Behind the vil lage ofM i ler runs a bra

l I/icfe which is here conveyed by a canal to the mil ls in

I t afterwards winds ofi'

oppofite the caftle of wat.

jacent meadows , and at length empties itfelf near the villag

(b) into the Rhine. Beyond this firft branch (6) of the l

h undred rods brings you to four other branches , one of

the left-hand , drives a mi ll and runs through the meador

Klein-Baj el . On the right fide of the road , and hard by th

flands a gal lows, which marks the boundary of the territori i

and a road (8 ) on the right-hand leads to the village of

wh ich belongs to theSwi/i Cantom. When you have pafi'

ed the

to the aforefaid vil lage, the road l ies along the mountain on th

you pafs over a {tone bridge (c) . This is the heft road of

baggage to march to Rheiafl ldea , whi lfl the infantry may a

the way inorder of battle as far as the {tone bridge at Kreazaa

together with the Raine, forms a defile._

But if you would

narrow pafs near the (l one bridge, and alfo the Swift terrimu ll: turn off feventy rods from the gal lows (r ) to the road

bears to the left-hand towards the two villages of 111/fingervil lages are fituated on a bi l l , at the d ifiance of a thort leagut

gallows (r) ; and beyond them are feveral roads, £50. 89°

C.

AF F E

P P E N D I

P A R T

C O N T A I N I N G

Some R E F L E C T I O N S on the R E DU C T I t

of the SWED I s H Crown Lands, 89°)e.

From a Manu fcript of M. Ifai ab Paf endorf.

P R E F A C E.

N the year 1716, a work entitled Le: Anecdotes a’e Suede, was Flithed at Utreebt, wh ich contained a Narrative of the Redué

'

t’

ion,

Re-affumption of the Crown Lands, begun in Sweden in the w

168 1. This book was printed at Utrecht, though Stockbolm is infer

in the title-page ; butwho the author was , is not as yet pofitively kno

I n Sweden it has general ly been attributed to baron Samuel Pafi nd

and the learned Riddermark, who, at the fame time that Pzeflendorfwriting his h iftory of Sweden, had free accefs to the royal records of 1

kingdom, affirms, that Pafi ndorf then col lected alfo his materials

the Anecdotes de Suede. Riddermark has l ikewife undertaken to con

this piece , and endeavours particu larly to apologize for count G) ;

flierna , whofe fecretary he had been during his embafi'

y at the com

Denmark. M.Arkenboltz, fecretary to his Swedf/bmajefty, afl'

ured

that the manufcript of that apology was in the hands of an acquaintsof h is ; and it is to be hoped that the public wil l one day be favouwith it.

A P P E N D I X .

His conjeéture, namely, that Samuel Pzgfendorf was the anti

above-mentioned Anecdotes feems to be confuted , by what tl

h imfelf fays, v iz . that at the time of the te-afi'

umption he w:fador at the court of Sweden, which does not agree with Sama.

doff’

s fiation at that time ; for, during h is [l ay in Sweden, he win the fervice of that crown. I f it be affirmed, in order to fet

objection, that the baron inferted that falfe account of h is beingmini lter in Sweden, only the better to avoid a difcovery ; it may b

that this artifice might have been ufed , perhaps, in a work whio

thor publ ilhed , or intended to publ ifh , in h is life-time, and

poflhumous work. There is farther reafon to doubt that Santa:dorf wrote th is book, becaufe the au thor of the Anecdotes cenSwedi/l: minifiry for oppofing the al l iance with France. Now t

mael P zgflendorf is known to have been always a zealou s fiickle

the Frencb party and on th is account fometimes difi’

ered with

ther yams, who, in a remonfl rance, ofi‘

ered to the crown of l

1684, (wh ich manufcript, together with h is accounts of the

France, is in my hands ) openly declares for the al liance with Frain his account of the imperial court, laid before the privy-connebu t l ittle friendfh ip for the houfe ofAafi

'r ia .

The learnedM. Zollman, in the preface to hisEnglzfi tranflati <

above-mentionedAnecdotes publ ilhed at London in the year r71<

Monfieur La P igaiere the author of this piece. Th is gentlembeing fecretary to Mr. de Feaquierer, envoy from France to the

court, continued in Stockbolnx til l his death , as refident from th

However, though the perfon from WhomM. Zollnzan had thistion l ived a long while in Sweden, and pretended to have mac

accurate enqu iry into the affair, M. Zollrnan himfel-f afi'

ured n

years ago, that the teftimony of fuch a perfon was not entirely I

pended on and that he himfelf wou ld lay no great {trefs upon

there the leafl: probab il ity againll it. Befides, feveral pafl'

ages

Vial. Samuelr'

r P tfendorfii D/rj ert dc fcederibm inter Su dan: bf Galliam, in ya

gua‘

nzmale illa (i Gal/tr obfervata arr. Sulyefl um c

f:fiefi agr

'

nm in Senatu RegioHolnne

erbibr'

tum, contra foedm cum Gallo U Ji ngle j arM aw: inmndm . Hagc , 17.

Samuel P lfl'

mdorf s Differtation on Al l iances between Sweden and France, tr

lhewn how il l thofe treaties have been obferved by the Frontl) ; to which is a

fpeech in the fenate “ Stockholm, in the at 16 71, agalnfi: entering into a la

Frame and England againl l theDutcb. agree 1708

5

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A P P E N D I X .

ant full of modern phrafes ; but the narrative in itfelf is clearlanguage wel l adapted to hil

’tory . He was obl iged to write ti

of king Char les Gu/iafvus in a great hurry ; and this is the reaf<

holds the lowell place in the publ ic cfieem among his large

works, though , for the print and copper-plates, it has few

His hifiory of Brandenburg , on account of the prejudices of cl

terefts , has been both extol led and decried by different parties.Pufindorf, as appears from his epitaph in St.N

'

icbolas’

s church

was born on the 8th day of j anuary , 163 2 , and died on th i

Oc'

t'

ober , 1694.As for the Swedi/b and Sardinian Reductions, and the m

which they were founded , I fhal l only add, that Solomon’

s 0i

very juft

Qui nimis emungi t, el icitj bngu inem.

Or as it is in our tranflation

The wringing of the nofe bringeth forth blood .

’

I SAI AH PU F F ENDO R F’

s Ob/ervations on tbe Rej olutilaj i Swedifh Diet, par ticu lar ly tbe SeventbArtigon tbe pre/cut military Forces andfecret Views ofj bewing wbat may be expeci ed from tbat Power

j uné'

i ure, 8cc

H E lafi Swedi/b diet had chiefly in view the fOl lOWl l

which were the objects of their del iberations .Their firft care was to repair the lofles which the kingdor

tained during the lafi: war in the army and navy, and pitchmeans to be ufed towards attaining that defirable end , under 1

fcarcity ofmoney in Sweden . On this occafion the c lergy , cit

peafants, at the -infhgation of fome maleconten t fami lies wh.

very rich , and of thofe who were cal led la peti te nob/W, pet

a reduction, or te-afl'

umption of crown lands. By virtue of th

Prov. xxx. 33 .

V0 L. IV.

A P P'

E N D I X .

the earldoms, baronies , military eftates, and, in a word , al l dona

and grants from the crown, under what name or pretext foever, ar

whatever king’

s reign, or century given, whether lying in Sweden,the conquered foreign provinces, are to revert again to the crown,to remain the king

’

s unal ienable property for ever. Al l crown 1

that had been mortgaged , and on which money has been raifed,by this reduc‘i ion, to be redeemed for the u fe of the crown, by fet

accounts with the mortgagees ; and if, on due examination , either 1

money, ftores, provifions, Cs’c. had been fu rnithed by the mortg

for the army or fleet, for the ufe of the crown, fuch provifions are 1

v alued according to the market price. Enqu irywas l ikewife to be r

how much per cent. had been paid for loans, Es’c. And laftly it wa

creed , that no count, or other donatee, lhou ld enjoy above fix hundol lars , filver coin, per annum.

Thefe were the important objeé’ts of the del iberations of the diet

as to the method of bringing about this reduc'

i ion of efiates (of wcomplete inventories were delivered in by the treafury) though itbeen for many years in agitation, it is an intrigue which very few S .

can have any knowledge of, and is qu ite a myftery to foreigners .

I t was the general Opinion in Sweden, that qu eenl iberal ity to the nobil ity mufi have been of great prejudice to thatkingsand the prefent king of Sweden

’

s father was very fenfible of it. Athe re-affumption of the crown lands , which was frequently intinto h im, he was entirely againft it, being perfuaded that it cou ld n

brought abou t withou t throwing the kingdom into extreme confu

befides,it appeared to him next to impracticable. Qreen Cbr i

indeed , had warned h im not to meddle with that wafps—nefl ; fé

herfelf, in the diet of 1650, was (0 far from coming into that fch

though firong ly fol ic ited on that head by the peafants , that the wou l'

fo much as venture to require the reduction of a part of thofe l

which {he had given away during her reign. Of this circumfla Frencb h iftorian writes in the fol lowing manner : Les Ej iats de .

continuant tousjour s, les di cu lte'

s y crogfl nt de j our a’

l’

autre par l’

iry

que les pay/ans fa ifoient a‘

a Reine, dc retirer j on Domaine de tous cez

qui an en and tfai t liberalite’

pendantfa minor ité, 69°depui s gu

’

E/le etoi t

le gou'vernement ma i s la Reine ne 'vou lut pas con/éntir . The flat

Sweden continu ing their fefiion, the difficu lties dai ly increafed fo

peafants firongly prelfed the queen to withdraw her demefne frothofe on whom it had been bellowed, as wel l during her minoritfince (h e had taken the reins of government into her own he

but the queen wou ld not confent.’ And in another place : 112

pas d croi re, que lesDonataires qui ttoient les premier s de l’

Etat con/int

A P P E N D I X.

ai/ement, qu’

on leur o’

tat les recompenj és de lears j er'uices . I t

be thought that the donatees , who were the chief noblem

flare, wou ld eafily be perfuaded to part with the rewards ofvices .

’

I n the laft d iet, however, the reduél ion was refolved u]this refolution is not yet forgotten, nor are the fufi

’erers filent,

their murmurs and complaints. N N. a privy-counfel lorchief promoter of it. He was a man of great talents and lear

horions but vindictive and , on account of a repu lfe in an r

marriage, an irreconcilable enemy to the famil ies of Brabe, deand Oxezyleirn. He was not, as far as can be judged from cirerand h is behaviour in other refpeé

’ts, much of a foldier ; but

fected with that contagion which has for a long time fpread OVO

namely, a defire of trying the experiment, whether it woumore advantageou s to the nation to dethrone the king, and f

public on the ruins ofmonarchy . However incredible thi s n

to fome, thofe who have converfed with the great men in Sono reafon to cal l the truth of it in queftion. The old chancel lor

inclined fo much to that way of thinking , that he cou ld not co

publ ic converfation. M . Cbanut fays of him,that he indeei

l’

exces de barbar i c en la per/ounc da deft: leterre, mat

mirait 69°louait qui

/f toute la trame du Par leme.

d’

uneRepu ligue n’

etoit pas eloigne'

de jon goz’

it the extr

barity committed on the perfon of the late king of England

be commended and admired almofi every part of the plan of

defign which the parliament had formed ; and that he was

to a republ ican form of government.’

This queen Cbr i/l iknew ; and for that very reafon was refolved to fee a king feat

throne before her abdication. And when the fiates {hewed no

fion to this proceeding, {he round ly told them, that they fpt

king , becaufe they had been republicans for a long time. T1

cited M. Cbanut, who was ambafiador from France, and prefe

time, gives the following account of i t in h is memoirsP leyieurs d

’

entre la Noble/e demeurentpique'

s de cc que la Reine e;

raifons dij oit, qu’

Elle dej roi tpar cc moyen pre'veni r les

uns , qui de'

s long tems projettozent uneforme de Republique, j tcaoit d manquer Several of the nobil ity were nettled at the c

faying , among other things, that {he was defirous of bafii infigns of fome, who for a long time had been contriving to e

publican form of government whenever the royal l ine thou]

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'

A P P E N D I X .

As mention is made of both thele commiflions in the fever

of the refolu tion of the diet, both mu ll confequently be taker

in th is d ifcourfe . As to the reduc‘l ion of the crown lands , wh i

to be produél ive of infinite advantages , and looked upon in lo

a l ight, both at home and abroad , it is, probably, not the ri

nel through which Sweden is to be enriched but rather a pw ith many ill confequences, which , at lall , may throw the

into a worfe condition than ever. I pals over in filence the

pall ions and refentment of thole, who are reduced by it to pc

nakednefs ; not a fingle dol lar being left to them of what the:herited for the fervices of their parents or ancell ors, or acqu ire

ward for their perfonal merit.

To fal l into poverty from a (l ate of opu lence and fplendor,change. Of th is the late chancel lor count M . G. D . L . G

a very pathetic complaint, in an elegant remonl l rance confill in;twenty lh eets , which he addrefied to the king. I n th at me

fets forth , That of all the rewards for the fervices of h is ance

of al l the donations which they had merited by lhedding theirtheir country for a hundred and thirty years together, nothin

mained for the fupport of h is fami ly .

’

By this reducl ion the moll fubll antial and weal thy noble fat

be brought low,and , inll ead of thole perfons, who, in time

fity , might have alii lled the government with their money s

none but poor, helplefs , exhau lled fubjec'

ts will be found in Swe¢

a computation of the annual amount of this reduc'

l ion with indom of Sweden, or what annual revenue wi l l accrue to the

it, it is found to be confiderably thort of two hundred thor

dol lars, which feems to be no great fum for the fiefs of a wh

dom. Befides, whilfl the king bellowed fuch donations, heemergencies , apply to the proprietors of them for fubfid ies and

for their readinefs always kept pace with their duty ; and inllant

wanting, that when twice that fum has been requ ired , ways ahave been found for raifing it. As for the prefent cred it ofdom of Sweden, fince thefe ell ates have been taken from pr

fons and transferred to the king, an account may be had of it c

changes ofAm/lerdam andHamburg . At prefent it is publ icly afthe king ofSweden has no more valfals for as the fiefs have t

gated , there can be no vafi'

als and confequently no perfon ca

compelled to perform fervice, or furnilh money.

M gnus Gabriel de la Gordie.

A P P E N D I X .

Another bad confequence of the redufl ion may be this, namely, thwi l l probably be themeans of finking Sweden into its former barbarifmdefolation, as to the foil and inhabitants . This will appear the mo1

be apprehended , upon confidering the fol lowing circumll ances .

As the revenues arifing to the crown from the reduced lands are

figned as a fund for fup orting the army, it was taken into del iberhow thele revenues mig t be managed to the bell advantage. For

there appeared only two ways , either to farm the ell ates, or to l

the management of them to the royal treafury. As for the firfloffers were made few people caring to have any th ing to do withtreafury, which, on one pretence or other, always makes deduél im

payments, Cs’

c.

Befides, if the management of the fund was left to the treafur

was eafily forefeen that no fmal l part would be laid ou t in the falari<

a mu ltitude of officers ; and that, perhaps, one half wou ld be

bezzled .

Thefe inconveniences occafioned a third propofal , which pall'

ed

d iet, namely, to invel l the mi litary officers and foldiers with the redt

ellates and manfion-houfes, and alfign one to every colonel with h is 1ment, for their fubfillence. Before th is tranfaél ion, the pmprietoz

fuch el l ates , either for parade and magnificence, or in expectation of

future profits to arife from thele ell ates, had laid out feveral thoufant

dol lars upon them lo that Sweden was adorned with palaces and con

feats embel lilhed with avenues, canals, gardens, parks, plantations of tand other rural improvements , fuch as were not to be feen in any of

northern countries, and were furpalfed by very few in themore favour

cl imates . But it is plain that the military perlons now quartered on t

el lates will be at no eXpence abou t a houfe or gardens, which they k

is not their own property, but mu l l , at their deceafe, or qu ittingfervice, defcend to another. Their whole attention, in luch preca1habitations, wil l he certainly to draw from it a fubfill ence for themfeand, if polli ble, fomething to lay up for their children, without tbling themfelves any farther.

I t has been already obferved , that in Stockbolm, fince the reduci ic

the crown lands , there has been a remarkable deficiency in the cu ll t

which is one of the largell branches of the national revenue. Lall l

mer the port-cul loms produced eighty thoufand dollars lefs than 111

and next fummer very probably the fal l wil l be greater. For Ubi l:

ibi div itire . Luxury and riches go hand in hand .

’ And the gay maof l iving at Stockbolm, before this event happened, is known to e

body. Al l the produce of thele el lates, which cou ld be converted

money, was laid out in wine, fine cloaths, and entertainments.

A P P E N D I X .

excited a fpirit of indu ll ry in the people, enlarged trade, and cont

increafed the revenue. But now Stockbolmwears qu ite another

trade in general decays , and the nobil ity, being deprived of thawhich they lo l iberal ly circu lated in that capital , withdraw into tltry, where they fpend moll of their time, and livewith the utn

fimony . As for the officers, inll ead Of bringing the money 0

d uced ell ates to Stockbolm, they prudently hoard up and fave al l t

not knowing how long they may have the enjoyment of theircome.

Another evil arifing from this rea'

ut‘

r’

ion is, that by the im]ment of famil ies, great numbers of them wi ll not be able to gch ildren a l iberal education. The confequence of this is alre:

fewmen of learning and abi lities being now to bemet with in Seany that have feen the world forHamburg is their ne plus ultra .

The privy-counfel lor N.N.

5“whom I have often II I CI I I IOII Ct

left the king a document not to employ any foreigners : howcSwedes are but little encou raged , or promoted ; for the Liver.

general ly preferred before them. This alfo creates i l l blood

the number of learned men who appear at cou rt has decreafed .

the mi litary gentlemen has increafed in proportion . The latter

moll part, are young perlons , to whom Tacitus’

s words are ve

cable, Qua qu i fer vitiopromptiores, co magis bonor ibus augentur .

greater their fervi le flattery is, the more they are loaded

nou rs .

’

A thorough acquaintance with the nature of the foil , and ;the inhabitants Of Sweden, wi l l eafily fuggell to an intel l igen

other pernicious confequences that mull arife from this reducfiozalready begin to appear. Thefe confequences are now as it were

infan but will increafe more and more every year : for it

time llie ru in of many families mu ll inevitably fol low this reduéi zno remains, even of hereditary ell ates, or acqu ired polTelfions ,fe

cn . This wi ll be chiefly owing to the great debts contraél ed

famil ies in proportion to their ell ates and fortunes ; and in Otherbe the efi

'

eél s of neglect and prodigality .

‘

For luch debts the

ell ates were mortgaged now, as this bu rden remains on thole vtloll their oll ares , where can they at prefentfind money to dileba1This rcduél ion wi l l alfo occafion eternal difputes, enmi ty,

and law-fu its between famil ies and o relations ; efpecial ly as al l inhe

tell aments, and partitions ofell atesmade among brothers and fill tnow be put upon another footing. Thole who are bell acquaia

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A P P E N D I X .

ti des, by their ready compl iance with that fcheme, they havenobility their enemies , who, when a proper opportunity offers

be wanting to retal iate the injury .

Moreover, it was not fpecified in the refolution of the Dietr edui i ion was to extend to the fol lowing ell ates, namely, thol

nen, Ha lland, Bleckingben, Pomerania , the dill riél s of Rugen a

leaburg , Bremen and Verden nor was i t fuppofed to compreht

ep ifCOpal and epifcopal lands, nor thole belong ing to prelates,chapters, nor al l the ell ates in L ivonia , wh ich had been gran

crown fince a certain eriod , 3 c. However, Scbonen mu ll

this fatal l l roke, thoug that province was not fummoned to

nor in the leall confu lted in the affair ; and yet, by the treaty o

ration from Denmark, the inhabitants were to remain in the qtment of the privileges they held under the Dani/b governmemany compu lfive innovations. The king ofDenmark, though ito be expeél ed that he wi l l do it, might j u ll ly remonll rate a!v iolation of the treaty . I n Pomerania , Rugen, and Meckle1

el l ates of the Swedi/b fubjeél s will undoubted ly all be forces

a furrender, and the reduél i in Bremen and Verden are del l itt

patron to procure them an exemptionfrom that law. The

prietors there are Wrangel , Konzgfmark, and the landgrave’

s

The demands on the firll are fuch, as to leave very l ittle fordren to fubfill on. Konig/i nark is faid to be deprived of tv

thoufand rix-dollars a year by the reducl ion ; (0 that if he kn

to mend himfelf, polfibly he wou ld not long be feen in Set

France and Germany have their emifi'

aries every where.

The landgrave’

s dowager wil l not be fenfible of her lofs tillinto Sweden. Queen Cbrzfiina has already declared her rel

ll rongly concerning the red uced ellates in Bremen, and taken

in confequence of that declaration, that there wi ll be no pc

perfuad ing her to recede from her pretenfions . Strange mt

human affairs!The grants which this fame queen conferred 1

mark, lhe herfelf now deprives him of, in order to provide fofubfill ence. Sic vos non vobis, 3 c.

As for Livonia, it mull not expefl any favours ; for the i‘

have Openly dec lared againll the redul l ion and, inllead of ln1

their ellates, they al ledge, That they have nothing to dof Swedi/b Diet, and its cabals ; that they were foreign provihad their own Diets, councils, and laws ; that from their unhaviour towards the crown of Sweden, and the l l rcnuous t

their polleflions, they had reafon to expeél better treatmenVOL. IV. 3 H

A P P E N . D I X .

ought to be confidered , that (according to their own words in omtheir remonftrances) they were fituated towards the (word

’

s pointhe enemies of Sweden, and confequently flood in need of their eftinflead of giving up their poffeffions, fo as to leave themfelves qu itefencelefs upon an emergency,

The h igh commiflion, as it i s cal led , does not, indeed , bear the n

of the commiflion of redufl ion , though it is in effeét the fame ; as

appointed for enqu iring into the adminifiration of affairs , and the!of the revenue in peace and war, du ring the king

’

s minority. But

fecret defign of this commifli on is to lay their hands on the purfes othe counfel lors , efpecial ly the mofi opu lent families ; and to mak

thorough clearance of what private fortunes may be left after thedac‘i ion.

This is not a proper place for a particu lar difquifition, whether t]

be any precedents , or whether it be proper in itfelf, that a forumco

reg imini s (which ,according to the confi itution of the nation, was

rep refentative of abfolute monarchy ) as fuch , lhou ld be unaccountabl t

and l iable to be fummoned , arraigned and judged by the burghers, pealzand clergy, in relation to themolt important myfteries of fl ate, as al l iatinfirué

’tions relating to war or peace, and other negociations . That t

of thefe perfons had taken their oaths as guardians and counfel lors ,

premifed to give advice according to the belt of their knowledge, asof honou r and true patriots, for the good of their king and countn

the befi argument they can ufe for their defence fo that if events inot anfwered the publ ic wifhes, it is becaufe they do not entirely dc}on human forefight and Sweden is not the only ftate where publ ic r

fures do not fucceed according to expeétation.

Bu t neither thefe , nor any other confiderations, were thought wo

of regard . Vexami t cor‘voJ cenj izra 69°colnmbas. And the h igh c

mili i oners carry their rigour fo far, as to make widows, ch ildren,thers and fill ers anfwerable for the v0tes of a deceafed privy-counftand have confequently condemned them to arbitrary fines .

I t is fometh ing very extraordinary, that, after every corner of the

tion rung with menaces of lotin

g1their l ives and fortunes, rather

fubmit to foch oppr‘

eflions , al l this as been carried on (0 fmooth ly .

when it was laid before the Diet, thofe who lately had been in pt

were (0 intimidated , that they never offered to declare their oppofititfuch meafures , though their number was very confiderable. An<g reat overfight of thefe gentlemen was , that they d id not dilfolvr

Diet, and pu t an end to the aifembly , as they migh t have done.

The h igh commifli on ,as it is cal led , being au thorized to con

the private and public affairs of the nation, both in its firength and vi4

A P P E N D I X .

nefs ; and to enquire into the conduét of the regency and privy-thas in its polfeflion the regifi er of the counci l , which is defi;bafis of its proceedings. Every thing is kept fecret, and none o

counfellors have a fight of the minu tes of the obfervations tr

adminifiration du ring the king’

s minority, which are referved fofal of the kin only. Tranfcripts of them have been del it c

prefent B ro/Err of the kingdom, who was formerly fecretar

and, in oppofition to them, he has laid before the king a piece

a lready been taken notice of, and is very well worth reading §As for the firength of the Swedi/b mil itia, an account of

annexed where the complements of the feveral regiments ar

with the greatell precifion . Thefe being national and prov

ments, raifed and maintained by the provinces whofe namesmay by the confl itution be either augmented or d iminifhed .

makes a very gal lant appearance, as indeed it ought to do, fineexpends all the money he can raife, upon it. By his order th

of the foot is al l made of Englij b cloth . The arms of the

of foreign manufactu re ; their horfes large, and of a great Iembroidered houfmgs ; and the equ ipage and drefs of the o

tremely fplend id : however, not a few of them, being unal

port the eXpence , have been obl iged to quit the fervice.

fianding al l the boafted fi rength of the prefent army of Sa w.

been found, that, after a proper number has been draughted o

garrifons, itmakes but a poor figure in the field . Arecent pr

appeared in the mu li er of the war-office, after the diftributit

fecurity of guards and garrifons had been deducted accordingcount annexed . I t is, therefore, probably a report, to which n<

give credit, though confidently inferted in the Gazettes, that t

propofe to hire troops to other nations5 whereas their number is b]too great, li nce the peafants mufi be exempted from the fervice fl

port of the refi ; and they have no money in the treafury for fore

They have indeed begun to make levies in the d ifiriét of Bremegreatmatters can be expeéted , there being deficiences even for th iexpences, and the revenues both of Bremen and Pomerania dailyFrom thefe circumfiances, namely, difl

'

enfions , weaknefs,d ifadvantages the kingdom labours under , efpecial ly the bad co

the fleet, it is hardly to be fuppofed that Sweden wi l l engage

unlefs it be fuppl ied with money for rail i ng men,and fitting c

and thefe requ ire no fmal l fums. One fingu lar advantage tht

§This account is abridged confiderably ; and fome obfervations which fol lowedition, being very obfcu re, are entirely omitted.

This account is added at the end of thefe obfervations, and marked thus 1

3 H Z

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A P P E N D I X .

ADD I T I ON to the foregoing R E F LEC'

referred to by the mark I I .

A L 1 s'

r of tbe Nationa l Militia of Sweden, an.

Standing Army now kept onfoot zn tkat Kingd

I N FAN T R Y.

P Ld ND regiment, Confiftin

Dalecar lian regiment,Weflmanland regiment,Regiment of the province of Nireke,Smaland regiments,

Wag/in got!) regimentRegiment of the province of Nyland,Finnen regiments,Scbonen regiment,Regiment ofguards.

C AVAL R Y.

Finnen,Nobility of Sweden and Fin7and,

and Livonia ,

Dragoons in Scbonen,I n Ha l/and and Blecking ,

I n Fialand.

A P P E N D I

P A R T

ATAB LE of the POST-S TAGES, met

in the preceding TRAVEL S 5

I N W H I -C H

Are fet down the Diflances'

from Place to Placc

FR OM Scbafl aa/

‘

en to Hokentwiel4. hours, leagues

From Hobentwiel to B utlingen 7 leagues.

FromDatl ingen toAlting I pofl-ftage

FromAiring to Ba linfen I poft

-flage.

From Balingen to Tu ingen 2 poll-Rages.

From Scbaj baufen to Singer: I poft-ftage.

From Scbaf baufin to Bregenz 2 2 leagues.

From a pdft-fl age.

From leagues.

From 12 leagues.

From Lindon to WangenFromWangen to HolzleitenFrom Holzleiten to KemptenFromFromFrom

FromFrom Lermes

An hou r, as it i s called in Germany, is about a Fran/J league ; and two fucleagues, generally make aGerm mi le, which is equal tofour, five, or fix Er

according to the different computations .

1Apoft-flag e is about twoGerman mi les .

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A P P E N D I X.

Hours

Ludwigsburg from EnjweicbingenEnfweicbingen from PforzheimPj orzbeim fromDur lacb

I n thefe parts , a travel ler, who has a deal of baggage, amno carriage of h is own , is put to great d ifficu lties, as the

poft-carriages are very fmai l .

Kar l/r ub is fcarce half a league from Dur lacb ; yet a teavel ler pays for a poll

-Rage and half.

Kar l/ral: isE ttlingen fr

Stollbofen from Bifc/aofsbeimB i/cbqfibeim from KeblKebl from StrasburgThe poft

-fiages in thefe parts are fo fbort, that it is common, in dry weather, to perform a poft

-f’tage, which i

computed at two German miles, in an hour and half.

Hours

From Strasburg toB cfil are reckoned

The hire of a carriage with fou r horfes for this journe;comes to about thirty-eight Strasburg gu ilders, which at

th irty per cent. lefs in value than the Rbenij b guilders.From Bafil to SolotbarnFrom Solotbarn toBernFromFafil to Bern, a carriage with four horfes may be h irefor two pifioles

9“and half.

From Bern to Lan/anneFrom Lau/bnne to RoleFrom Role to Geneva

FromGeneva to Marlie

FromMar lie to KamelieFrom Kamelie to d i : :FromAix to CbamberryFrom Chamberry to MontmelianFromMontmelian toAiguesbellesFrommgueraelles to la Cbambre

Api ftole is equal to 173. l t d. fierl ing.

From la Cbamkre to S. j ean deMor ienne

From St. j ean to St. M’

ckael

From St. Michael toAl odaneFrom fil odane toYi 'rnngnonFrom Termignon to LaneburgFromLaneburg over mount Ceni s toNovalefl

’

From Na taleeto Sn/aFrom Novale/e to B ig/61cmFrom Bufi lens to Vei llaneFrom Vei l/nae to Tur in

Tba Roadfr om Tu rin toMilan, and duck again.

From Tur in to Cbivaj oFrom Cbiva to ZiglianoFrom to Varcelli I 7 I tal ian milesFrom Varcelli to NavaraFrom Navara to Oleg io

From Olegio to Se/l i 7 I ta lian miles , or 2 long leagues .

From Sgfli to theBor romean ifl ands about 16 or 17 I talian miles.From Se/l i toAl i/an 3 2 I ta lian mi les , or 10 leagues .

FromMi lan to La grande Cbatereu/e near Pav ia 5 leagues

From the Cartbufian convent to Pav ia I long hour, or

From P av ia to Tortona

From Tortona toAleflizndr iaFromAle/andr ia toA/l iFromA/l i toQuiar iFromQuiar i to

'Tur in

I ke Roadfrom Turin to Genoa.

From Tur in toAlgflandr ia 8 poft-flages, or 3 5 I talian miles.

From Alej andr ia to Genoa 7 ftages, (including the PqflaReale) wh ich are abou t 30 I ta lian miles .

FromAlgflizndr ia to NoviFrom Nov i to Voldag io

And fromVoldag io toGenoa

An I talian mile is fomething lefs than an Bagli/kmi le ; 76 of the former, and

the latter, being nearly equal to a degree of the Equator .

A P P E N D I X .

TkeDgfi’ance from Geneoa to Leghorn 6] Water is4

to ke al out 1 20 I talian Miler.

Namely , from Genoa to Capofino areFrom Capafino to Se/l r i di LevanteFrom Seylr i to Ler ici

From Ler ici to Leghorn

I ke Roadfrom Leghorn to Florence, 5] way of D

From Legborn to P i/a 2 pofl-li ages, which are 15 or 16

I ta lin miles .

From P i/a to Lucca 1 3, poft

-fl age, or 12 I talian miles bythe road wh ich lies through the plain , and only 10 mi lesover the mountain. From Lucca to P i/loj a 3 fl ages, or 20

I ta lian mi les .

And from P ifiqja toFlor ence the fame d iftance.

I ke Dgflance from Florence to Sienna is 3 2 I talian

Namely , to Caj cianoFrom Cafciano to the TaverneFrom the Taverne to the Stag io

And from the Stag io to Sienna

From Sienna to Rome.

From Sienna to MonteRor i

From Monte Rani to Buonconvento

From Buonconvento to ‘Tor inier i

From Tor inier i to Scala

From Sca la to Ri cog/iFrom Ricorfi to RadicofaniFrom Radicofani to Centino only 1 fl age, becaufe the road i s

down a decl ivity ; but as you afcend the h i l l in going fromRadicofani to Centino, you muf’c pay for a fl age and half.

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A P P E N D I X .

I ke Pofl-Roadfrom Rome toNaples.

From Rome to Torre a’i Mezza v ia is a po/la reale ; and tin

d iftance is but fi x I tal ian miles, you pay twelve paoli for e

or chaife .

The d iftance from Torre di AI ezza v ia to Mar ina is f

miles, or one pofl-fi age, for which you mu ll pay eightpaoli

chaife.

From Mar ino toVelletr i

From Velletr i to Ci/ternaFrom Ci erna to Sermonetta

From Sermonetta to Cafa nova di Sezze

From Cafa nova to P iperno

From P iperno to I ll aruttiFrom Maratti to Ter racina

From Ter r acina to Fondi

From Fondi to I tter i

From I tter i to Mola

From Mola to Gar igliano

From Gar ig liano to St. AgatkaFrom St.Agatba to Riverunco

From Riverunco to CapuaFrom Capua toAver/aFromAverfa to Naples

I n the Neapolitan territories a travel ler pays 1 1

horfes in the jedia per fl age.

ACarlino is equal to4d. fierl ing .

A P P E N D I X .

Road from Rome to Loretto.

miles. poll-l i

From Rome to P r inla Porta , poj la reale or pofl

royal , and confequently you pay twelve paolifor everyf dza or chaife

From P r :ma Porta to Caflel nuovoFrom Ca/lel nuovo to RignanoFrom Rignano to Civ ita CrylcllanaFrom Civ ita Ca/lellana to BorghettoFrom Bo

'

rgbetto toOtr icoli

From Otr i coli to Narni

From Ivarai to TerniFrom Terni to Str itturaFrom Str i ttura to Spoleto

From Spa/eta to LeVe

ne

FromLeVone to FolignoFrom Foligno to Ca/e nuoveFrom Ca/e nuove to Sat ava lleFrom Smawall. to P onte la Trava

From Ponte la Trava to Valc.maroFrom p alcimaro toTolentino

FromTolentino toM i cerata

FromAI accrata to Sambuccbetto

From Sambuccbetto to Loretta

A P P E N D I X .

Road from Loretto to Ravenna.

From Loretta to Camurano

FromCamurano to AnconaFromAncona to Ca/e Brug iateFrom Ca/e Brugiate to SenigagliaFrom Senigaglia toMarotta

FromMarotta to Fano

From Fano to PamFrom P cfaro to CattolicaFrom Cattolica to Rtmzni

From Rtmini to CefinaticoThefe 12 I tal ian miles are reckoned

poft fl age tn the Papal dominions .From Cayenatico to Sav ioFrom Sav io to Ravenna

Roadfrom Ravenna to Placentia.

From Ravenna to Faenza

From Faenza to Imola

From Imola to St. Nicola

From St. Nico/o to Bologna

From Bologna to Samoggia

From Samogg ia toModena

FromModena to Rubieca

From Rubieca to Reggio

From Regg io to St. I lar io

From St. I lar io to P arma

From P arma to Borgo St. Donino

From St. Donino to Fiorenzola

From Fiorenzola to P lacenti a

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A P P E N D I X.

From Praok to MuerzbofenFrom Muerzbofen to Kr ieg laF romKr iegla to Muerzu/cblagFromM erzufcblag to SckadwienFrom Scbadwien toNeunkir cben

From Neunkircben toNeuj ladtFrom Neu/ladt to Drafl i rcbenFrom Dra/kircben toVienna

When the imperial court is at Luxemburg , the poll goesthrough this place, and you pay fromNeufladt toLuxemburg at the rate of two fiage s, and from Laxemburg to

Vienna for one.

Upper Hungary.

From Vienna to Pre/kurgFrom to St. Georgen

From toWar tbergFrom to ScbarfoFrom ScbarfaFrom Capelle

From or Frey/l adt

FromFromThe heft way is to go through P r iviz, and over theW 6

and Claufer heaths.From Cremntz to NeufiblFromCremnitz to SchemaizFrom Scbemniz to BuddNamel to Scbaacb

From cbaacb toWaizen

And fromWaizen to Buda‘

The diftance from Budd toVienna 3 3 miles, which is commonly computed to be 36 miles, as fol lows

AnHa garian mile is about aGermanmi le and half.

'

VOL'

. IV.

A P P E N D I X.

From Buda toN'

euendorfFrom Neuendorf to KamorraFrom Kamorra to RankFrom Raab to kVifi lbu rgFrom thence to Regelsbrunn

And from Reg elsbrun to Vienna

Roadfrom Vienna to Prague.

P rague l ies at the difl ance of 2 1 poll-Rages fromVienna ,

the road l ies through the following places

Langau ,

All thefe are l i ngle pof’t-fl ages, excepting that fromPulkau to

Langau, which is three Germanmiles. The principal roadis between four and five miles fhorter, and l ies throughSnoim, which is about ten miles fromVienna.

From Snoim to I glau

From Ig lau to Dent/cbenbrodtFromDentj i

'benkrodt to q /laa, and fo to Prague

I ke Road from Prague toHalle.

From P rague to Turfl 'o

From Tug/kc to l arn

From Wclwarn to BudynFrom

From

A P P E N D I X .

Wurzen

Tour from Halle tbrougb Gotha

FromHalle toMedekurgFrom Medekerg to NaumaurgFromFromFromFromFrom Gotba toArn/iadtFromArn/ladt to I lmenauFromFromFromFrom Rotacb

The diftance from Coburg to Culmbacb isAnd from Cu/mbacb to Barei tbFrom Coburg toBamberg

Hours c

From Pommeryield to BambergFrom Pommery

‘ield to Er langen

From Er langen to NurenbergFrom Nur Rati sbon are 6 fingle poll

-Rages through‘I

'

eining , Par sberg ,and Laber .

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I N D E X .

Bell , large one at Erfurt, 153 . where the JBelle, account of fome large, 15 , n. nounced her religioxBerg/hope, 257.

—Wine of, 258 . Ceremonial at the Otet,neat old one, 6. Ceremony at invefiiture lHungarian, 75 .

— How hindered by 279.

the jefuits from being brought into that Chapel , a rich one at 1country, ibid. feg. Charles VI . emperor,

Blenheim, 245 . ments , 28 , fig.houfe, 247. caces, n.

Boet, curious enamel ler, 125 . Charles, the bold , hehBohemia , account of, 84.— a good map of,ibid.

-Gems in.— Magnets, ibid. nfcription

Bone, large one, 10. Chafw'

gny , M . French

Boner, large dug out of a cave, 8 . Cheapne/fr, remarkableBonnrval , account of, 39. Cherry

-{tone extraord i :

Br idge, how bui lt, 3 . Chri/l , pifl ure of, as

over the Elbe, 129, 8c n.—Another Chri/l ion Erlang , 177,

Church belong ing to tl

a-crofs the Elhe, 134. Ci lley , fome account 0new one, 18 8 . Ci 'vet cat, how produc

over the Danube, 2 17. Clement I I . Pope, fomover the Maine, 267. Clock, ingeniou s, 2 16

of boats , 271 . fire one, 267.

Bri/iol water good for 2 d iabetes , 6 1. Commiflioner , the empBnda , account of, 76, 77, fig. 227, 228 , 230 .

wine, 79. Confidentr-table at Drefeverity againll: the proteftants in, 80. Conflnx of the Maine 3-rid icu loufly accufed ofwitchcralt, ibid. Converj otion wi th a co

Burning-glafl

’

es , new fort of, 87. Copper growin

gon a l

of paper, wood , 1 14, 69. Corpus Chri/ti eftival ,Cabinet d

’

ignorance, 109. Cragon, prince of, amof curiofities , 13 . Credential: to the in

ofDr. Tron, 189. 2 3 1 .

of cu riofities, 240. Credulity , of theAte/IrCa lculi , human, 16 .

—great numbers found bi lity, 98 .

in a lady and duke, 16 1 .— extraordinary Crucifix, miraculous ,

in a horfe, ibid. Cnirofler, 1 18 .

Calenherg hil l near Vienna , 26 . Cnnigunda, fome accon

Calv ini/l s, Rate of at Franekfort, 267. a legend at

Cannon, how far heard , 2 74. Cufiom,a firange one,

Carnio/a , its defcription by Va l ve/hr , 1 . fog. Czernini palace at FreqCarnival at the imperial court, 30, fig.

Carthrgfian monafltery, 269.

Carthrgfianr, 2 18

Ca/k, extraord inary one, 13 1, fig. ’E mon in a glafs ,

Cathedral ofLanhae, 2 . Dendriter, 243 .

at lfleiflén, 134. Defert table,

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I N D E X .

on a gold medal , 34. -I n High Konig/berg, ceremony of the emperor at

5 .-Over the imperial l ibrary, 36 .

>yramid inmemoryofLeopold, and

(hi , 57.-Panegyrical on 7. Sobie/l

‘i ,

ln a monument to the v irgin, 78 ,hronogrammatic legends , 8 5 .

on a medal , 86.

'n TychoBrahe’

s monument, 87.

pyramid, where three noblemen

tng ou t at 2 window, 92 .-Ah

n a pyramid , 93 .-In gold letters

wer, 95 .

'

reel ', under an idol, 1 16.-On a

ibid.-On a fword , 1 19.

-Uh

rafs crucifix, 126 . 81 n.-On a

lfk, 13 2 .-Over a l ibrary door,

On a print of Luther preferved in

:45 .-Under Luther

’

s fiatue, 146 .

ome books , 149.-Over a door,

Under a fiatue, ibid .-On a me

7.-On a medal of the Pretender ,

On a medal , 15 8 .-On a monu

171.-On a medal 172 , 173

a p iétu re, 18 1 .-On a bel l , 183 .

a fountain, 186.-«O n a pyramid ,

I n amufzum, 190.-Cmamedal ,

96.

Charles V. 253 .-On the Heidel

n, 255 .-On a gold coin, 263 .

r a gate, 266 .-Over a gate, 272 ,

a medal , 2 72 , 273 , 274.n a medal , 197, 198 , 199, 200.

m obel ifk, 206 , 207, 208 .-Ou

2 13 .-Oh a black tablet, 2 16.

a duel , 2 17.-On a meda l , 2 2 3 ,

On a medal , 244, 245 , 246, 247.

amonument , 290.

t, remarkable votive one, 3 .

rich, 2 20 .

tes , interefi of, 56.

clamation of, 25 7.

riofities in, 100.

iou s works, 159.

-h, firange cuftom at, 176.

count,48 .

1. his cabinet, 268 .

mines, 71 .

Konigflein, fort of, 130, fig.

Knx, whence derived, 64.Kyaw, general , account of, 13 1 , n.

ACH,or Laubach, trade of, 2 .

Ladies, refitraint of, in Nurenberg ,Ladies in an abbey, free manner of, 2

Lady , learned one, 191 .

Lake, plenty of h ib in, 167 Whynicious , ibid.

remarkable, 146.

Lamberg , count,47.

Landau , 271 .

Lanternier butterfly, 1 11.

Latemer , glafs houfes and baths near, 4Laubach, account of, 1 .

-I ts ferti lity,account of, 2 .

Luxemberg , imper ial country feat, 10 .

palace of, 29.-Game ki l le

30.

Leap , extraordinary on horfeback. 97,

Leaves, anatomifed , 109.

Legation, fecretaries of, 23 3 .

Legend on a medal , 8 6 .

chronogramatic on a medal , 8 1

Leipfiek, account of, 135 , fig.

country about, 140, fig.

Leopold, emperor, his manner and d

fitions ,40, feg.-H is daughter,41

The emprefs

, account of, ibid .feq.

ager,42 .-Princefs Maria An na ,4

Chiefminifiers , ibid.-Conference

ci l , ibid.-I ntrigues of the Spani/h

baffador,44.Letters on the Saxon eleéi or

’

s l iveries ,-exp lained , ibid .

Library , 18 .

of baron Roth at Vienna, 19, 1

of prince Eugene, 2 1.

yearly expences ofthe imperiaimperial , 3 6, fey.

at Prague, 86.

107, 8: n.

15 2 , 154.of7am, 148 .

I N D E X .

Library of the univerfity of L ap/ich, 136.

— Of the magiftrates, ibid.

124.142 . Achine, for hlv.155 .

Mgold , ibid,

-l

2 16 . Magnet, remarkable4at Nurenberg , 184. -MSS . 184. Mahren, number of

Printed books and Other curiofi ties, 185 . Mandrake, account 0'

2 18 Al anheim, 260.

Libufla, princefs, treatment of her gal lants, want of in}

96 . Al anufcript tranflatior.

Lichtenfiein, palace of P . at Vienna , 22 . memoir, 6 .-Ad if

I n the Roflan fuburbs, 2 3 .-garden, ibid. ibid. Another 1

Lightning , remarkable efi'

eét of, 119. See MSS .

Linch’s colleétion, 140. M nsfeldt, count, inc

Lab/cowi tz, prince of,45 , 8: n. Adarble, extraordinaryLon, baron, his cabinet, 268 . how to etch,Looking

-glafles, large, 124. pié

’

ture on, 21

Looking-glafs clofet, 175 . .Marlborough, inferip i

Loretto, imi tation of the caj'

a [anta at, 94. 247.-Near the B

Lorrain, feverity there againftprotefiantifm, Ep itaph on, 249.

Bl urr iage of a maid t

account of d utchers dowager and perial court, 3 1 .

duke, 277.-Ceremonies at court of .Mar/hal hered itary, j

2 70. Martimtz, count, his

revenue of, 2 8 1 . Mary , miracu lous imLudwig , fecretary , computationofAdahren, valuable imag8 2 . Mafi, for which4001

Lunev i lle, account of, 276. Dutchels Mathematical cabinet,dowager, 277.

-Chara£ter of the duke, room, 1

infirumr

academy at, 2 8 1, -Charges of, Meda l of the Pretend

2 8 2 .-Laws of, 2 8 3 . on prince Ferd

academy, inconveniencies of, 2 84. cu riou s one, 1

Luther , faid by the clergy in Scotland to be 3 7, feq.

the author of the bible, 7. n, cabinet of, 154print of, preferved in a fire, 144.-u cabinet of, 15

Houfe where born burnt down, 145 . 107.

Pu lp it of, 146. feveral , 198 ,

brafs image of, 148 . on the plague

his bed itead , fuperl’tition abou t, 144, cabinet of, 2 8 ;

abufe of, 15 7,own bible, 15 1,

-Excellency of h is 245 .

tranflation, n. the largelt exta

apartment, 154. p rices of, 193whether the firfi: tranflator of the on the new, 194

bible, 6, 8: n. Charles X I I’

s Ray at

L utheran worfhip, 271 . Medalij ls at Gotha, at

Lutherans, fuperfii tious praélzice among, 144. Menagerie imperial , 33 L 2

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I N D E X .

Statues of bi lhops , 2 — Of St .Nepornueenus, Tran/mutation of iron

3 .— Of St. George at Prague,91.

-Models Tranjj lvania , i’tate o

of fmal l ones , 100.— Ancient and mo Tra/ius

’s armil lary fp

dern, 1 15 .— Of Luther , 145 .

-Of 7u Trees found under g t

lius Ccefar , 175— 187. Tr ini ty reprefented 01

Stone, fine, for bu i lding , 269. church, 2 14.Story of an imperial minifter, 12 .

— From Turki/b gardens , 122

the pu lp it 15 .-Ahufl

‘

ar enqu iring for a Turks, power of, no

fad ler, 74.— Id le fiory of the dev i l’

s car Turpentine, how it 0

tying a pi llar, 96.— Of a roebuck, 1

1819,Tycho Brahe

’

s monu

fig. Of an architect, 2 1 1 . Of r. an infeription, 8

7ena , the Brandenburgh envoy, 2 34. h im, 89 81 n. 90

Stove, bed-chamber behind it, 84.Swabia , mi l itary furvey of great part of,by French eng ineers, feeAppend ix.

Swabian peafants , their drefs , 25 2 .

T EAequipage, curious one, 102 .

Terrie, or earths, 107 n.

Teuber , Martin, 2 19TheatrumAnatomicurn, 189Thrq/hing , ancient way of, 77.

The/is, remarkable, 241 .

Tboma/ius, doctor, his l ibrary, 191.

Thorns of Chrifi’

s crown, 1 8 3 .

Thuringen, 163Tobacco warehoufe, confiderable revenue

from, 59 81 n.

Tockay , account of, 72 .

famous for wine, 71,

fig.-Mifiake abou t, rectified, 72.

Topaz-

quarry, account of, 1 13 .

Trade at Vienna, 2 5 .-" Large impofis on,

ibid.-Compared with thofe in England,

ibid . fig.

ofNurenberg , 178 , fig.

Tranflations of the Bible in German, ac

count of, 6 .

Tran/mutation of metals, 34. Impoftureof, how performed, 3481. n.

F I N I S .

Wfl dburg , or ringWalnuta-trees 1

winter, 25 7.

Walnut-trees how rt

oh 25 8 .

Wardrobe, 117Warfihlungen the painWaters, d ifference be

Neckar , 261 81. n.

Salubrity of, 291.

Weinheinr, 260.

Weinman, Mr. his ccWelcome, a kind of 0Well , extraord inary,Wens, by what caufec

Wepach, the countryWerrther

’

s cabinet, 2

White tower at Prumerly a curious ma

e ne, p lenty of, 2 5 3I/Vine-cel lar, remarkalkl/itches meeting of, 3

Womens drefs in the 11

Woods , col leétion of,Wool Zaubel, 250.