IEE: India: Sambalpur-Titlagarh Doubling Subproject, Railway ...

Initial Environmental Examination March 2011

India: Railway Sector Investment Program Sambalpur-Titlagarh Doubling Subproject Prepared by Ministry of Railway for the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 15 March 2011)

Currency unit – Indian rupee (Rs) Rs1.00 = $0.22222

$1.00 = Rs 45.00

ABBREVIATIONS

ACF Assistant Conservator of Forest ADB Asian Development Bank EIA environmental impact assessment EMoP environment monitoring plan EMP environment management plan ESDU Environment and Social Development Unit GIS geographic information system GOI Government of India GHG greenhouse gases HFL highest flood level IBS Intermittent Block Station ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research IEE initial environmental examination IS Indian Standard IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature Jn. junction (The term used by Indian Railways for the Stations where

two or more lines meet) LHS Left Hand Side MoEF Ministry of Environment and Forests MOR Ministry of Railways NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standard NE northeast NGO non-governmental organization NH national highway NSDP National Strategic Development Program NOx oxides of nitrogen PF protected forest PHC public health centre PIU project implementation unit PPEs personal protective equipments PMC Project Management Consultant PWD Public Works Department RDSO Research Design and Standards Organization R&R resettlement and rehabilitation RF reserved forest RHS right hand side RoB road over bridge RoW right of way RSPM respirable suspended particulate matter RuB road under bridge

RVNL Rail Vikas Nigam Ltd. SDP state domestic product SEIA summary environmental impact assessment SIEE summary initial environmental examination SO2 oxides of sulphur SOI Survey of India SWR South-western Railways SPCB State Pollution Control Board SPM suspended particulate matter SPV special purpose vehicle SSE P.Way Senior Section Engineer (Pathway) SW south west UNDP United Nation Development Program

WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

cum – cubic meter ha – hectare km – kilometer m – meter mm – millimeter

NOTE

In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Program India (PPTA-4998-IND)

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TABLE OF CONTENT

Executive summary .................................................................................................... 0-1 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 1-8

1.1. Project Background....................................................................................... 1-8 1.2. Stage of Project Preparation ......................................................................... 1-8 1.3. Purpose of the Report ................................................................................... 1-8 1.4. Extent of IEE ................................................................................................. 1-9 1.5. IEE Content .................................................................................................. 1-9 1.6. Team Composition and Acknowledgements ................................................. 1-9 1.7. Methodology ............................................................................................... 1-10

1.7.1. Data Collection........................................................................................ 1-10 1.7.2. Onsite Monitoring and Strip Map Preparation .......................................... 1-11 1.7.3. Public Consultation ................................................................................. 1-11 1.7.4. Statutory Clearances Required ............................................................... 1-12

2. Description of the Project ................................................................................... 2-1 2.1. Category of the Project ................................................................................. 2-1 2.2. Need for the Project ...................................................................................... 2-1 2.3. Location and Characteristic of the Project Section ........................................ 2-2 2.4. Project Implementation Schedule and Cost .................................................. 2-3 2.5. Key Project Components and Activities......................................................... 2-3

3. Description of the Environment ......................................................................... 3-1 3.1. Physical Environment ................................................................................... 3-1

3.1.1. Meteorology and Climate .......................................................................... 3-1 3.1.2. Natural Hazards ........................................................................................ 3-3 3.1.3. Air Quality ................................................................................................. 3-3 3.1.4. Noise and Vibration ................................................................................... 3-4 3.1.5. Physiography and Topography ................................................................. 3-4 3.1.6. Geology and Seismicity ............................................................................. 3-5 3.1.7. Soil ............................................................................................................ 3-6 3.1.8. Water Resources ...................................................................................... 3-7

3.2. Ecological Resources ................................................................................. 3-10 3.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology .................................................................................. 3-10 3.2.2. Aquatic Ecology ...................................................................................... 3-15

3.3. Economic Development .............................................................................. 3-16 3.3.1. Industries ................................................................................................ 3-16 3.3.2. Infrastructure Facilities ............................................................................ 3-17

Source: Orissa Tourism Department ....................................................................... 3-20 3.4. Social and Cultural Resources .................................................................... 3-20

3.4.1. Population and Communities .................................................................. 3-20 3.4.2. Health Facilities ....................................................................................... 3-20 3.4.3. Education Facilities and Literacy ............................................................. 3-21 3.4.4. Socio-Economic Conditions .................................................................... 3-21 3.4.5. Current use of lands and resources for traditional purposes by Indigenous

Peoples ................................................................................................... 3-22 3.4.6. Structures or sites of historical, archaeological, paleontological, or

architectural significance ......................................................................... 3-22 4. Anticipated Environmental Impacts and its Mitigation Measures ................... 4-1

4.1. Impact on Physical Environment ................................................................... 4-1 4.1.1. Climate and Natural Hazard ...................................................................... 4-1 4.1.2. Air Quality ................................................................................................. 4-2 4.1.3. Noise and Vibration ................................................................................... 4-5


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4.1.4. Impact on Land and Soil ........................................................................... 4-6 4.1.5. Water Resources .................................................................................... 4-12

4.2. Impact on Biological Environment ............................................................... 4-15 4.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology .................................................................................. 4-15 4.2.2. Aquatic Ecology ...................................................................................... 4-20

4.3. Socio-Economic Impact .............................................................................. 4-21 4.4. Accident Risk and Safety ............................................................................ 4-22 4.5. Impacts due to Construction Camp ............................................................. 4-23 4.6. Impacts due to Proposed Residential Buildings .......................................... 4-24 4.7. Impact on Existing Common Property Resources/Utilities ........................... 4-24 4.8. Right-of –Way Maintenance ........................................................................ 4-25 4.9. Forest Fires ................................................................................................ 4-26 4.10. Fuel management ....................................................................................... 4-26 4.11. Waste Management (Solid waste, Waste Water and Hazardous Materials) 4-26 4.12. Occupational Health and safety .................................................................. 4-27

4.12.1. Rail Operation ......................................................................................... 4-27 4.12.2. Maintenance of Rolling Stock .................................................................. 4-27 4.12.3. Community Health and safety ................................................................. 4-28

5. Environmental Management Plan and Grievance Redress Mechanism .......... 5-1 5.1. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) ...................................................... 5-1

5.1.1. Mitigation of Potentially adverse impacts ................................................... 5-1 5.1.2. Integration of EMP with Project planning, design, construction and operation

................................................................................................................. 5-1 5.1.3. Authorities and Their Responsibilities for Implementation of the EMP ....... 5-2 5.1.4. Social development program ..................................................................... 5-2 5.1.5. Contingency Response Plan ..................................................................... 5-2 5.1.6. Environmental Monitoring Program (EMoP) .............................................. 5-2 5.1.7. Mechanisms for Feedback and Adjustment ............................................... 5-3

5.2. Institutional Arrangement .............................................................................. 5-3 5.3. Grievance Redress Mechanism .................................................................... 5-5

6. Public Consultation and Information Disclosure .............................................. 6-1 6.1. Consultation Method Applied ........................................................................ 6-1 6.2. Public Consultation Milestones ..................................................................... 6-1 6.3. Information disclosed .................................................................................... 6-4 6.4. Compliance with Relevant Regulatory Requirements .................................... 6-4 6.5. Major Comments Received ........................................................................... 6-5

6.5.1. Proponents’ Comments: ............................................................................ 6-5 6.5.2. Beneficiaries’ Comments .......................................................................... 6-5 6.5.3. Government Regulators’ Comments ......................................................... 6-6 6.5.4. Other Stakeholders’ Comments. ............................................................... 6-6

6.6. Integration of Comments into the IEE ........................................................... 6-7 6.7. Post IEE Public Participation and Information Disclosure .............................. 6-7

7. Findings, Recommendations and Conclusions ................................................ 7-1 7.1. Findings and Recommendations ................................................................... 7-1 7.2. Conclusions .................................................................................................. 7-3

List of Tables Table 1: Project Activities and Improvement Works ........................................................0-2Table 1.1 : Details of Project Sections ............................................................................1-8Table 1.2 : Information Collected and Sources ............................................................. 1-10Table 2.1 : Name and Locations of the Existing Stations ................................................2-2


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Table 2.2 : Location of Switchovers ...............................................................................2-3Table 2.3 : Block section wise Earth Work (Cum) ...........................................................2-4Table 2.4 : Block Section Wise Ballast Requirement ......................................................2-5Table 2.5 : Block Section wise Length of Side Drains .....................................................2-6Table 2.6 : Summary of Station wise Proposed Activities ...............................................2-6Table 2.7 : Details of Proposed Residential and Service Buildings .................................2-7Table 2.8 : Major construction Materials, its Source and Distance ..................................2-8Table 3.1 : Vulnerability Index for Natural Hazards ........................................................3-3Table 3.2 : Ambient Air Quality in the Project Area .........................................................3-3Table 3.3 : Noise Level in dB (A) in the Project Area ......................................................3-4Table 3.4 : Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Soil ......................................................3-6Table 3.5 : Groundwater Quality in the Project Area .......................................................3-8Table 3.6 : List of Water Bodies along the Project Corridor ............................................3-9Table 3.7 : Surface Water Quality in the Project Area ................................................... 3-10Table 3.8 : Presence of Reserved Forest along the Project Site ................................... 3-11Table 3.9 : Approximate No. of Trees within proposed ROW ........................................ 3-13Table 3.10 : List of Endangered Mammals found In the Forest Area Close to the Project

Alignment .............................................................................................................. 3-14Table 3.11 : Fish Species in Different Rivers/ Water Bodies ......................................... 3-15Table 3.12 : Major Industries along the Project corridor ................................................ 3-17Table 3.13 : Transport infrastructure in the Project District ........................................... 3-17Table 3.14 : Land use within 200m along the Project Section ....................................... 3-18Table 3.15 : Share of Different Crops in Orissa ............................................................ 3-19Table 3.16 : List of Operational Mines in the Project Districts ....................................... 3-19Table 3.17 : List of Important Tourist Spots in the Project Districts ............................... 3-20Table 3.18 : Demographic Profile of the State and the Project Districts ........................ 3-20Table 3.19 : Health Facilities in the State and Project Districts ..................................... 3-21Table 3.20 : Educational Facilities in the State and Project Districts ............................. 3-21Table 3.21 : Different Category of Workers in the State and Project Districts. .............. 3-21Table 4.1 : Total Agricultural Land loss and Net sown Area in the Project District. ........4-6Table 4.2 : Details of Acquisition in Forest areas ......................................................... 4-15Table 4.3 : Shifting Locations for Electrical and Telephone Lines ................................. 4-24Table 5.1 : Training and Awareness Programmes ..........................................................5-6 List of Figures Figure 3.1 : Annual Rainfall Pattern in the State and Project Districts (2000-2004) ........3-2Figure 3.2 : Temperature Variation at IMD Stations in the Project Area (2006) ..............3-2Figure 3.3 : Relative Humidity Variation at IMD Stations in the Project Area .................3-2Figure 3.4 : Formation Level at Stations .........................................................................3-5Figure 3.5 Land use Pattern within 2km around the Railway Track .............................. 3-18Figure 4.1 : Land Use Map (2 Km either side of the track) ..............................................4-7Figure 4.2 : Movement Path of Elephants along/across the Railway line ..................... 4-17Figure 4.3 :Movement Path of Elephants along/across the Railway line on Google Image

.............................................................................................................................. 4-18Figure 4.4 : Photographs of Retro-Reflective Boards placed in Goelekera- Manoharpur

section .................................................................................................................. 4-19Figure 5.1 Proposed Organisation Structure ..................................................................5-5 List of Appendix Appendix 2.1 A: Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist ............................................. IAppendix 2.2 : List of Major Bridges ................................................................................ IVAppendix 2.3 : Highest Flood Level at Water Crossings .................................................. VI


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Appendix 3.1 : National Ambient Air Quality Standards .................................................. VIIAppendix 3.2 : Noise Level Limits of GOI (In Leq db(A)) ............................................... VIIIAppendix 3.3 : Drinking Water Standards And Probable Effects on Human Health (BIS:

IS: 10500, 1991) ....................................................................................................... IXAppendix 3.4 : Water Quality Criteria And Standards for Freshwater Classification (CPCB,

1979) ....................................................................................................................... XIIAppendix 3.5 : List of Mammals .................................................................................... XIIIAppendix 3.6 : List of Reptiles ....................................................................................... XIVAppendix 3.7 : List of Amphibians ................................................................................. XIVAppendix 3.8 : List of Birds ............................................................................................ XVIAppendix 3.9 : List of flora ............................................................................................. XIXAppendix 3.10 :Participatory Rural appraisal for wild life movement assessment ........ XXIVAppendix 3.11 : Elephants’ habitats in india and their BEHAVIOuRAL aspects .......... XXVIIAppendix 3.12 :Elephant CENSUS results 2010 ......................................................... XXXIAppendix 4.1: GUIDELINES FOR BORROW AREAS Management .......................... XXXIIIAppendix 5.1: ENVIRONMENTAL Management Plan .............................................. XXXVIAppendix 5.2 Procedure for obtaining Forest Clearance ................................................ LVAppendix 5.3: Environmental Monitoring Plan ............................................................... LVI List of Maps Map 1: Location Map of Sub-project (Sambalpur – Titlagarh) .................................. v Map 2: View of Existing and Proposed Alignment ................................................... vi List of Plates Plate 2.1: Takeoff Point - Sambalpur Jn. Plate 2.2: Terminating Point- Titlagarh Jn. Plate 2.3: Sharpest curve Near Power channel Plate 3.1: Illustrating Tableland Topography of the region Plate 3.2: Small Hill range near Sikir Plate 3.3: Exposed rock surface near Plate 3.4: Showing abundance of Red soil Plate 3.5: Inside view of Negipalli Reserve Forest Plate 3.6: Barghati Reserve forest near track Plate 3.7: Forest near Badmal Rly Stn Plate 3.8: Patch of Secondary Forest near Sikir Plate 3.9: An Oriole in the Negipali Reserved Plate 3.10: Egret & Heron near Khaliapali Plate 4.1& 4.2: Showing uncontrolled Borrowing in the Project area Plate 4.3: Leakage of used oil through Diesel Locomotives observed along the Project Corridor Plate 5.1: Consultation near Mahanadi River Plate 5.2: Consultation with passengers at Loisinga Plate 5.3: Consultation with fisherman near Hirakud Backwater reservoir and Mahanadi Plate 5.4: Consultation near Elephant movement corridor


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Map 1: Location Map of Sub-project (Sambalpur – Titlagarh)


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Map 2: View of Existing and Proposed Alignment


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0. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Introduction

1. Ministry of Railways (MoR), Govt. of India (GoI) has sought financial assistance from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for a major rail up-gradation project involving doubling of 4 single rail sections and electrification of one existing railway line totalling 1500 Km along saturated corridors in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Orissa. . Asian Development Bank (ADB) initiated TA No. 4898 (IND) to assist MoR for preparing Railway Sector Investment Program for possible financing of above rail up-gradation project. This executive summary pertains to the doubling of existing railway track between Sambalpur – Titlagarh (about 182 Km in length) under East Coast Railways. The location of this subproject is shown at Map 2 & 3.

2. The project aims to alleviate the capacity constraints of already saturated existing single lines, which have considerable significance in bulk freight transport of various commodities. The project on its implementation would increase the physical infrastructure and increase the capacity and the operational efficiency of the existing tracks with introduction of modern signalling systems.

3. As part of above TA, Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) has been carried out in accordance with country’s applicable laws, regulations and in consistent to ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines 2003, and Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS) 2009. The IEE is conducted since project is categorised as Category ‘B’.

4. The IEE is conducted at pre feasibility stage and as per the details provided by the executing agency Rail Vikash Nigam Limited (RVNL), an arm of Ministry of Railways, certain changes may occur in structural components but these changes are unlikely to cause significant environmental impacts.

5. The corridor of impact is considered as 100 m on either side from the edge of the existing rail embankment in the block-sections including around other development and activity areas like near station, construction camps. Strip mapping indicating environmental features along the corridor up to 500 m on either side is carried out to assess the impact on existing environmental features/resources/utilities in the immediate vicinity. In addition, land use map of 2 km buffer was prepared to illustrate the surrounding land use pattern particularly forest areas which may undergo changes.

6. This rail link is one of the important routes connecting the southern region with central and northern part of the country and is currently heavily saturated. The doubling will support the additional traffic generated due to commission of other newer rail sections and also will boost the economy of the region

Statutory Clearances Required

7. As per Environment Impact Assessment Notification S.O.1533 (E), dated 15th September, 2006 promulgated under umbrella legislation Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, the environmental clearance is not required either for new or improvement of any railways project. However, project will require forest clearance for diversion of forests land and cutting of trees. In addition to above, permission for ground water extraction for construction and domestic purposes will be required. Prior consent will also be required from state pollution control board, for setting


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up hot mix plant , crusher Water ( Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act 1974 and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981, during construction stage.

Project Description 8. The project section is located in the state of Orissa of India traversing

through Sambalpur, Bargarh, Sonepur and Bolangir districts. The geographical attributes are Latitude 21°28’57” N to 20°17’57” N and longitude 83°57’34”E to 83°07’48” E.

9. The section starts at Km. 562.9 from the centre of the Sambalpur station building and terminates at chainage Km 744.4 near the Titlagarh Station Yard covering the total length of 181.485 Km. Major part (96.9 km) of the corridor falls in the Bolangir district. The doubling length of track in Sambalpur, Bargarh and Sonepur districts are 35.3 Km, 36.5 Km and 12.8 Km respectively. There are 15 stations in this project section. Important among them are Sambalpur, Bargarh Road, Bolangir and Titlagarh.

10. The key project activities will involve laying of formation for double track, construction of new bridges, RuB and RoB. Other important activities are (i) gradient and curve improvement, (ii) construction of side drains, (iii) shifting of existing roads at certain locations and construction of approach roads near bridge locations, (iv) dismantling, renovation (levelling, extension, up-gradation) or new construction of platforms, (v) dismantling/ construction of foot over bridges, (vi) dismantling /building of the loops, (vii) construction of quarters for staffs with all basic amenities. Temporary workshops, offices and construction camps may also be set up at different places. All project activities and improvement works is summarised at Table 1 below

Table 1: Project Activities and Improvement Works Particulars Proposed activities and Improvement vis-a vis existing line

Gauge • Gauge Width: 1.676 m. • Distance between tracks: 5.9 m

Alignment • Mostly along the existing alignment with switchover at nine locations Gradient • Ruling gradient normally will be 1 in 150, which will be 1 in 400 or even

more flatter in yard sections to avoid the heavy remodelling of the yard. Curve • Presently the degree of curvature varies from 10 to 20. Curve

Improvement is proposed to the maximum extent. The transition curves are designed for max 95 km/h & minimum 75 km/h speed.

Rail bed/embankment formation

• Formation width in plain areas: 6.85 m • Formation width in hill cutting areas: 9.25m (including drain) • Side slopes in Plain: 2:1 • Side slopes in hill cutting area: 1:1 • Blanketing: with moorum of 100 cm thickness & turfing on the slopes. • Compaction: Mechanical compaction at optimum moisture content. • Stone pitching and other protective measures are proposed near bridge

approaches and vulnerable stretches. • Earthwork: a) banking: 45, 91000 cum, blanketing : 5, 24,460 cum • Ballast: Hard crushed stone ballast of 50mm size with 300mm ballast

cushion for mainline and 250mm for loops and sidings. Bridges • No new river training structures is proposed except widening &

strengthening the existing one. • New bridges along existing 42 major bridges and 395 minor bridges

have to be constructed during the doubling.


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Particulars Proposed activities and Improvement vis-a vis existing line

• No. of spans will be the same except at bridge no. 329 and 235 where one extra span has been proposed considering the discharge volume.

RuBs/ RoBs, Level Crossings and Approach Roads

• All existing ROB/RUB has to be upgraded with new proposal for larger span since most of the RoB’s are for single track.

• 3nos of unmanned level crossing are proposed to be converted to ROB & RUB as per site condition.

• Provision of approach roads, surfacing of level crossings between gates, road users warning boards, whistle boards and fencing on the approach on either end are proposed.

Side drains • Presently, side drains are only available in few sections. The project will require construction of new side drains of about 31.2 Km length.

Stations • Provision of 5 new Intermediate Block Stations at Km .613.74, Km.633.45, Km.669.950, Km.691.700, and Km.706.540.

Residential Quarters and Service buildings

• Staff quarters are proposed at Sambalpur, Bargarh, Bolangir and Titlagarh.

• station building at Sukutapali, and service buildings at required locations

Dismantling • Involved at some stations for different reasons. All the dismantled material can be sold off or reused for filling or other construction activities except asbestos roof sheets which will be disposed off in scientifically acceptable manner.

Land Requirement

• Total land requirement is 59.01 acres. Out of this, 40.262 acres is government Land, 16.234 acres is private land and 2.511 acres is under forest.

Description of Environment 11. The Project passes through four districts Bolangir, Sambalpur, Bargarh

and Sonepur of Orissa and has tropical climate characterized by high temperature, high humidity, and medium to high rainfall and short and mild winters. In summer, the temperature rises up to 48° C in May and heat wave condition prevails during extreme summer. The average annual rainfall at Sambalpur, Sonepur/ Bolangir and Bargarh, is 1443.5 mm, 1287 mm, 1155.2 mm respectively. Predominant wind direction in the project area is South-West and North-West.

12. The project districts are not vulnerable to any major risk due to natural hazard other than drought, which is very common in the area, particularly in Bolangir district. All the four project districts are located in the Zone II (Minimum damage risk) and Zone III. (Moderate Damage risk).

13. Physiographically, the project area falls under central tableland characterized by varying land profile viz. fertile valleys, plains and hilly lands. The land profile along the project corridor in all the four project districts is in general, undulating except some sections between Khaliapalli-Loisinga-Bolangir Stations. The average elevation of the entire rail section is 176.0 m.

14. The land use along the project corridor is predominantly agricultural (approx.40%) and barren land (approx.18% mostly within railway right-of-way). Rest of the area is shared by forests and rocky land, settlement and water bodies.

15. A number of rivers, rivulets, drain the project districts. Majority of them are tributaries (Ong, Jira and SukTel) of Mahanadi River running east west of the project corridor. However, none of these rivers flow parallel to the track. The surface water quality of these rivers is suitable for standards


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prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) Class D and E. Ground water is principally used for drinking and domestic purposes in the study area The highest water table depth is in Bolangir (80-100m bgl) followed by Bargarh and Sonapur (50-60 bgl). The water table is comparatively at shallow depth in Sambalpur district (20-30mbgl) due to its proximity to Mahanadi River and Hirakud reservoir.

16. There are no National Parks, wild life sanctuaries, tiger reserves, bird sanctuaries or elephant reserves in the project area. However, the entire sub project section either passes through/touches/located nearby by altogether 11 reserved forests. The forest cover is found to be maximum in Sambalpur followed by Bargarh, Sonepur and Bolangir, which are 3276 Km2, 869 Km2, 308 Km2 and 951 Km2 respectively. Under the Sambalpur (South) Forest Division there are two forest reserves, Laxmidungri Reserved Forest and Chandlidungri Reserve Forest touching the sub project rail section at near Km. 565.00- Km. 566.00 and Km.574.00-Km. 577.00 respectively. Under the Bargarh Forest Division, the track is passing close to the Barahguda reserved forest at Km. 599 - Km. 600. In the Bolangir (East) forest division, railway track traverse through the Negipali Reserved Forest from chainage Km 652.00 to Km 654.00, Matkhai Reserved Forest from chainage Km. 683.00-Km. 690.00, Banji Reserved Forest from chainage 692-694 and Sunadki Reserved Forest from chainage Km. 696-Km. 697. In the Bolangir (West) Forest Division the railway track traverse through Barnei Reserved Forest from Km. 706-710, Samara Reserved Forest from Km. 706- Km. 710 and Barghati Reserved Forest at Km. 705. Existence of endangered or threatened flora and fauna in these reserved forest areas is minimal. Some of these RF are important passes of elephant movement. The Asian elephant habited in the Bolangir (east forest Areas) regularly visit the Barpahar/Negipali reserve forest in search of food, mineral and water. They cross the railway track between Khaliapalli and Loisinga Station during the month of April – June. Considering the existence of many reserved forests and elephant passes within the project area a separate ecological study has been carried out. Outcome of this study included in the report and also annexed (appendix 3.5 and 3.12) to this report.

17. There are approximately 12,453 trees within proposed ROW out of which maximum of 4000 needs to be cut. None of the tree to be cut belongs to endangered category as per Botanical Survey of India. Altogether 38 mammals, 15 amphibian and 24 reptile species are found in the project districts. Out of them, five mammalian species and one reptile species belongs to the schedule I under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. Despite abundant water bodies in the project area, large scale/organized fishing was not observed along the project road due to their seasonal behavior. Organised/large scale fishing is limited to Mahanadi River and Hirakud reservoir. Nearly all the fishes are local migrants in nature and use any portion of river for that purpose.

18. The economy of the project districts is primarily agricultural. In the project districts, Kharif is the main cropping season and rice is the principal crop during kharif season. The other crops are, cotton, sugarcane, lentils, maize, wheat, potatoes, Banana etc. The major industries along the project corridor are that of Aluminium, Galvanizing, Cement, Sugar and Molasses, Milk and by products, The percentage of working population in all the project districts ranges from 40.7 to 44.0%. Cultivators and agricultural labourers together constitute more than 77% of population in all districts except Sambalpur where urban population is more than that of all other districts. Tribal population in the project area is mainly


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concentrated near Barapalli, Sikir, Saintala, and Negipali and other forest areas.

Public Consultation and Information Disclosure 19. All government officials (Forest, Pollution Control Board, Geology, Soil &

Agriculture, PWD/NH etc.) and public consulted welcome the decision of doubling. Forest officials informed about the movement of elephants near Khaliapalli Station and suggested for adequate measures to avoid their accident. Regional officer, State Pollution Control Board acquainted about the existing baseline environment and operational quarries. Officials of Public Works Department, National Highway division were consulted for existing traffic scenario (both passenger and bulk freight) along adjoining National Highways. They recognized the significance of doubling of railway for reduced energy consumption, time, accident rate and tariff.

20. The project received support and consent from most of local people. The local people did not perceive any adverse impact due to the proposed project. Environmental awareness and likewise concern were found generally low. NGO’s have welcomed it for the overall development of the area and likely fuel saving due to shift of road traffic. Even the people and NGOs has expressed that this is a much needed development for passenger movement and overall development of the area especially when the western part of the state of Orrisa is considered by them comparatively less developed

Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 21. The finding of IEE indicates that the project is unlikely to cause significant

adverse environmental impacts. While some of the impacts are negative, there are many bearing benefits to the area. Most of the impacts are likely to occur during construction stage and are temporary in nature. Some impacts require design considerations and are suitably addressed

22. About 4000 trees are likely to be cut which will have minor to negligible impact on microclimate of the region. This would be compensated through tree plantation on 1:3 ratio. Water logging or flood may damage the track if due consideration not given in the areas identified as low lying or in high flood risk zone like Bargarh or Sambalpur district. HFL levels and 100 years flood return data shall be considered while designing the formation height and bridge designs. Adequate cross drainage structures shall be provided wherever incidents of water logging are identified. Air quality with respect to dust (SPM, RSPM) & gaseous emissions (SOx, NOx) may be affected for short duration in and around the construction site due to various construction activities and vehicular movement. Water sprinkling to control dust, movement and storage in covered vehicles/areas, changing the location and timing of construction activities and maintenance of equipments, temporary barriers, use of PPEs by workers will minimize these impacts. Impact to land will be mitigated by restricting movement of construction vehicles, machinery and equipment on pre defined haulage road, using Govt. wasteland/upland for borrow areas and, compliance to national laws and regulations for borrow areas. Erosion along banks shall be checked through vegetation. The piling work will be undertaken during low flow period. No construction camp shall be set up near any surface water body. To prevent stress on already depleting ground water resources, contractor will ensure optimal use of ground water. To augment the groundwater, water-harvesting structures will be constructed wherever technically feasible. Impacts from construction sites


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will be mitigated by constructing these away from forest areas, water bodies etc. All construction camp shall be provided with all basic infrastructures in terms of sanitary facilities, solid waste and sewage disposal and storm water management and health-care facilities etc. No negative social impact is envisaged except minor land acquisition (4.81 ha) and establishment loss. The unsafe/ hazardous traffic conditions may be minimised/avoided by providing PPEs to workers, adequate signage at construction sites, regulating traffic and maintaining all safety measures at level crossings.

23. The elephant movement passage will be maintained to ensure safe passage even if the frequency of movement is limited. All control measures like retro reflective caution board for driver, speed control; regular communication with forests department will shall be maintained.

24. During Operation phase, the main impacts will be noise and vibrations from the train movement. However, with limited number of train movement, the impulsive noise peaks will be low and within the acceptable limits. However, to prevent any adverse impact at sensitive receptors the measures include creation of noise barriers by multilayered plantations and Speed limitations at these locations. There will be positive impact of the project in terms of reduction of load on existing road particularly in bulk freight transport resulting in reduced fuel consumption beset with decrease in CO2 emission up to 392 tonnes/day as per broad calculations. Use of low sulphur diesel and use of energy efficient locomotives will further reduce the gaseous emissions. Periodic checking of stabilization measures so that timely corrective can be taken to arrest soil erosion if any. Measures like regular checks will be done along the alignment to ensure that flow of water is maintained through cross drains and other channels to avoid their blockage/ choking. This will also prevent surface water contamination. Uncontrolled disposable of all types of waste (solid/domestic effluent/hazardous waste) likely to be generated during operation phase of the project may cause pollution of land/soil, water etc. This will be mitigated through solid waste recycling program, connection of floor drains to wastewater treatment system; pre-treatment of effluents meeting the discharge norms; use of aqueous detergent and water based paints and use of trackmats to retain wayside grease and other contaminants. The recommended mitigative measures/actions for safety aspects during operation phase includes training for workers in personal track safety procedures, use of PPEs, provision of adequate ventilation in locomotive shops, scheduling rest periods, regular inspection and maintenance of the rail lines. The risks due to transport of hazardous materials can be mitigated by proper screening, labelling of containers and preparation of spill prevention and control and emergency preparedness and responsive plans. The elephant movement passage shall be maintained. All suggested measures like installation of caution boards, communication with forests department should be implemented to prevent any animal accident.

25. The effective implementation of environmental management plan will facilitate in minimising the environmental impact to acceptable levels. It is expected that the proposed doubling will enhance the traffic scenario by providing high speed, safe and reliable, economical and all weather train service.

26. Post Environmental Assessment Surveillance and Monitoring is essential to sustain the effectiveness of the mitigative measures suggested. A detailed monitoring plan has been prepared as part of the Environmental


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Management Plan. The focus areas of monitoring covers air, surface water quality, ground water quality, noise, soil erosion, drainage congestion and tree survival rate. The reporting requirements along with the follow up actions in case of deviation from the norms have been detailed out as a part of EMP. The frequency has been set in consideration of the likely impacts

Environmental Management Plan and Grievance Redress Mechanism 27. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is prepared to facilitate

effective implementation of recommended mitigations measures with defined roles and responsibility, regulatory compliance requirements, stages of implementation with location, time frame and costs and included as appendix 5.1 to this report. All the policy decisions, including incorporation of the EMP requirements shall be the responsibility of the executing authority RVNL (the Executing Agency) while the its environmental field officer to be designated at corporate and PIU level shall ensure that the environmental mitigation actions are implemented as per the contract document. RVNL will review the EMP and include the proposed mitigation measures in the project design as required. It will also be ensured that the EMP requirements are included as ‘Bill of Quantity ( BOQ)’ in all bidding documents and operating contracts. The environmental monitoring programme is prepared with aim to monitor the environmental performance of environmental management plan and included in this report as appendix 5.2. The institutional capacity building measures including training and awareness shall be implemented as proposed under EMP. Grievance redress mechanism is defined under EMP to address various concern/grievances from local/affected people which may come up time to time during implementation of the project.

Conclusion and Recommendations

28. The project activity does not cause any significant adverse environmental impact. The effective implementation of environmental management plan will facilitate in minimising the environmental impact to acceptable level. However, the institutional and capacity strengthening measures shall be implemented for the same. All attempts shall be made to minimise cutting of the trees in the forest areas. The timely actions shall be needed for obtaining the permissions for cutting of trees or diversion of forestland for non-forest purposes. No additional studies or need of undertaking detailed EIA is envisaged at this stage.

29. Any major changes during detailed design or any major additional work other than the proposed project activities will require preparation of another environmental assessment. This additional assessment will have to be submitted to concerned Government authorities, if any clearance is involved. It shall also have to be sent to ADB for concurrence before civil works commence. Moreover, the executing agencies have to submit the detailed engineering designs to ADB, which will be reviewed by them and examine whether major changes or major additional works have been included.


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1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Project Background

1. Ministry of Railways (MoR), Govt. of India (GoI) has sought financial assistance from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for a major rail up-gradation project involving doubling of 4 single rail sections and electrification of one existing railway line totalling 1500Km along saturated corridors in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Orissa. Asian Development Bank (ADB) initiated TA No. 4898 (IND) to assist MoR for preparing Railway Sector Investment Program for possible financing of above rail up-gradation project.

2. The project aims to alleviate the capacity constraints of already saturated existing single lines, which have considerable significance in bulk freight transport of various commodities. The project on its implementation would increase the physical infrastructure and increase the capacity and the operational efficiency of the existing tracks with introduction of modern signalling systems.

3. The details of different rail sections considered for doubling and electrification under this project are given in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1 : Details of Project Sections Corridors Length State Electrification of Pune-Guntakul section of Mumbai-Chennai main line 641.00 Maharashtra, Karnataka

and Andhra Pradesh Doubling of Hospet -Tinai Ghat 245.00 Karnataka Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh 182.00 Orissa Doubling of Raipur-Titlagarh 203.00 Chhattisgarh and Orissa Doubling of Daund- Gulbarga Section 225.00 Maharashtra, Karnataka,

and Andhra Pradesh

4. As part of above TA, Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) has been carried out in accordance with country’s applicable laws, regulations and in consistent to ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines 2003, and Safeguard Policy Statement ( SPS) 2009. The IEE is conducted since project is categorised as Category ‘B’.

5. This report pertains to Sambalpur-Titlagarh Section. The location and proposed alignment of this subproject is shown in Map 1 & 2 respectively.

1.2. Stage of Project Preparation 6. Following preliminary engineering-cum traffic survey report

preparation, the sub-projects are identified and this Project Preparation Technical Assistance (PPTA) is initiated, thus the analysis being undertaken is at the detailed engineering design preparation stage.

1.3. Purpose of the Report 7. The purpose of the study is to carry out environmental assessment

of the proposed up-gradation of railway section to identify environmental issues associated with project design, construction and operation stages and suggest requisite measures to mitigate them. The impacts are identified for physical, biological (terrestrial,


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and aquatic) and social environment. The study also includes preparation of environmental management and monitoring plan to minimise these impacts and sustain the benefits. It also identifies the applicable legislative requirements; safeguard requirements of funding agency and institutional mechanism for effective implementation of EMP and EMoP.

1.4. Extent of IEE 8. The extent of IEE study has been considered based on the spatial

extent (elaborated in project description chapter) of the project section and the proposed activities. The IEE is conducted at pre feasibility stage and as per the details provided by the executing agency Rail Vikash Nigam Limited (RVNL)1

9. The corridor of impact is considered as 100 m on either side from the edge of the existing rail embankment in the block-sections including around other development and activity areas like near station, construction camps. Strip mapping indicating environmental features along the corridor up to 500 m on either side is carried out to assess the impact on existing environmental features/resources/utilities in the immediate vicinity. In addition, land use map of 2 km buffer was prepared to illustrate the surrounding land use pattern particularly forest areas which may undergo Changes. The environmental assessment covers all project related activities such as site clearance (tree cutting, hill cutting, shifting of utilities etc.), construction activities including material sourcing (borrowing, quarrying, and transportation) and operation (movement of locomotives). Attempt is also made to assess CDM (carbon credit) benefits.

, an arm of Ministry of Railways. Certain changes may occur in structural components but these changes are unlikely to cause significant environmental impacts.

1.5. IEE Content 10. This report is presented in seven chapters in line with ADB’s 2003

EA Guidelines. The following chapters are included in the report

Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Description of Project Chapter 3: Description of Environment ( baseline data) Chapter 4: Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures Chapter 5: Public Consultation and Information Disclosure Chapter 6: Environmental management plan and Grievance Redress Mechanism Chapter 7: Conclusions and Recommendations.

1.6. Team Composition and Acknowledgements 11. The environmental assessment is carried out by Mr. S. K. Jain

(Environment Specialist) with support from other subject specialist from EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. Delhi, India and other and field team members. The environmental team acknowledges the support

1 RVNL is a special purpose vehicle formed by Ministry of Railways, Govet of India to undertake project development mobilisation of financial resources and implement railways projects


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extended by RVNL, Railway officials of Sambalpur division of East Coast Railways (ECoR), State pollution Control Board (SPCB) Regional office, officials of respective forest divisions and other state Govt. organisations.

1.7. Methodology 12. The IEE study has been carried out using (i) review of existing data

(ii) reconnaissance survey, (iii) primary and secondary base line data collection and (iv) consultation with stakeholders.

1.7.1. Data Collection 13. The objective of data collection was to provide a database on

existing conditions, to be used for predicting the likely changes that are expected and for monitoring such changes. The first step was to undertake a project scoping exercise, identifying the parameters that needed to be considered for the study and to outline the activities for collecting data on each parameter. Data were collected for physical, ecological and socio-economic environment both through primary and secondary sources.

14. The sources of data were identified and relevant existing data from authentic secondary sources was collected. The most relevant information collected along with sources and reasons are listed at Table 1.2.

Table 1.2 : Information Collected and Sources

Environmental Parameters

Mode of Data Collection Information Sources Used for

Primary Secondary

Project location, project objectives, and project key activities

√ TA Engineering Consultant, RVNL

Project Description and Impact Assessment Engineering details of

existing single line and proposed doubling √

RVNL, South – Eastern Railway (Raipur Division) and Final Location Survey (FLS) Consultant

Land Use/ Land Cover

√ √

Survey of India (SoI) Toposheet and Strip mapping during field survey

Baseline assessment, Impact assessment, Regulatory Compliance assessment, Developing Environmental Management Monitoring Plan ,

Forest areas details viz, flora, fauna, endangered species, movement path, compensatory afforestation etc.

√ √

Divisional Forest Office, Raipur, Mahasumud and Nawapara and South Balangir

Enumeration of trees √ enumeration during field survey

Climatic Condition √

Envis Website (www.envisorissa.org), Mat Department, Raipur

Drainage Pattern √ √

Toposheet and field observation

Air √ √

SPCB, Regional Office Sambalpur

Noise √ √ Onsite Monitoring and SPCB Regional Office

Water √ Analysis of Field Samples

http://www.envisorissa.org/�


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Environmental Parameters

Mode of Data Collection Information Sources Used for

Primary Secondary

Soil Quality √ State Soil Department Baseline assessment, Impact assessment, Regulatory Compliance assessment, Developing Environmental Management Monitoring Plan,

Geology √ Mines and Geology Department, Orissa

Socio-economic Environment

√ √

Different Govt. agencies/civic bodies, Official websites maintained by state Govt. and Public Consultation during the Field survey

1.7.2. Onsite Monitoring and Strip Map Preparation 15. Onsite monitoring/sampling was conducted for noise, water and soil

quality to establish the baseline condition of the area. Secondary data on air quality available with SPCB was used for the study.

16. For easy reference strip maps were prepared delineating following environmental feature within 500m either side of the track and used for impact assessment and developing mitigative measures;

• Water bodies • Settlement areas, • Forest areas along the alignment (along with movement path of

wild animals) • Geologically unstable areas • Noise sensitive locations • Existing industries • Common physical resources like hand pumps, wells, temples

etc

1.7.3. Public Consultation 17. Consultations with stakeholders are intended to maximise and

optimise the project benefits and to reduce or mitigate the possible and probable impacts to valued environment components. Local anecdotal knowledge about the eco system and problems associated with the existing rail line were carefully recorded and used in impact assessment.

18. Focused consultations were conducted during reconnaissance site visit in July 2008 and detailed field survey in August-September 2008 with various stakeholders ranging from Govt. officials, local people, passengers, fishermen and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) to know the level of project acceptability, understand their concerns, apprehensions, and overall opinion. Informal meetings, interviews were organized covering the entire project stretch. Participant’s views were gathered with regard to existing baseline environmental condition, source of construction material, perceived benefit, perceived losses, economic development, and impact on flora and fauna, land use, ambient air quality, water availability, social aspects, safety off people and animals due to proposed project activities. Information gathered


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were integrated in project design and formulating mitigation measures and environmental management plan.

1.7.4. Statutory Clearances Required 19. The project will require certain permission/clearances under

environmental related laws in India. The applicable environmental laws are defined below

1.7.4.1 Environmental Clearance

20. Environmental clearance requirement for a project in India is defined under Environment Impact Assessment Notification S.O.1533 (E); dated 15th September 2006 promulgated under umbrella legislation Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. As per the above notification, environmental clearance is not required either for new or improvement of any railways project.

1.7.4.2 Forest clearance for felling of trees and Diversion of Forest Land 21. The project envisages felling of trees and diversion of 2.511 ha of

forest cover. This will necessitate obtaining permission/clearance under Forest (Conservation) Act 1980 amended 1988 for cutting of trees and diversion of forests land2

1.7.4.3 Permissions/NOC/Clearances prior to Construction

.

22. Apart from Forest Clearance, permission for groundwater abstraction for construction and domestic purposes will be required.

23. During construction stage the contractor will be required to obtain Consent to establish for setting up Hot Mix Plant , Crusher, bathing plant under Water ( Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act 1974 and Air ( Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act 1981. He will also have to obtain Authorisation for Storage & disposal of Hazardous waste under Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules 2000. State Pollution Control Board grants all the above permission.

2 Clearance is granted by different level of athourities depending on extent of forest land to be diverted. This bifurcation is as follows: (i) > 20 hectares by Central Govt. Ministry of Environment & Forests,(ii) Between 5 to 20 hectares by the regional Office of Chief Conservator (iii) ≤ 5 hectares by the State Government (iv) if construction area is more than 40 % of forest, by Central Govt. Ministry of Environment & Forestes irrespective of the size of the area. Forests Clearance procedure is enclosed as at appendix 5.2..


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2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 24. The subproject covered under this IEE pertains to doubling of

existing railway track between Sambalpur – Titlagarh (about 182 Km in length) under East Coast Railways. The proposed second track will run parallel to existing track.

2.1. Category of the Project 25. The project has been evaluated considering outcome of Rapid

Environmental Assessment Checklist3

Appendix 2.1 and it is enclosed as

. All environmental sensitive areas have been critically analysed to assess the magnitude and extent of likely impacts particularly on protected areas. This stretch though passes through many reserved forests but does not lead to loss of medicinal plants, endangered floral/faunal species, and any disturbance to existing wildlife movement passages. However, project will lead to loss of some the forest cover but is unlikely to cause any significant environmental impact. Hence, it is categorised as Category B project under ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines (2003) and SPS 09.

26. This project does not require any environmental clearance in accordance with Indian Environmental (Protection) Act and Rules, 1986 amended till date either.

2.2. Need for the Project 27. This rail link (connecting Howrah-Madras trunk route with Howrah-

Madras trunk route via Sambalpur-Titlagarh) is one of the important routes. The present rail section is already heavily saturated with present capacity utilization at about 113% with the daily average number of trains each way at 17.04 numbers. It serves number of thermal power plants, aluminium, cement industries for transportation of key raw materials like coal, bauxite, and iron ore from mines located near the project to these industries.

28. The section will have additional load after commissioning of Koraput and Rayagada section connecting the K. K. line with Vizianagaram-Titlagarh and Talcher-Sambalpur rail link. Outward traffic from Bolangir- Khurda Road line under construction would also be required to be carried over by the project section. Further, the coaching services from coast have already started to western and northern destinations via Sambalpur-Titlagarh-Raipur. This will be extra burden on Sambalpur-Titlagarh route.

29. The Lanjigarh line is also coming up in the bauxite rich areas of Kalahandi district in Orissa. Additional aluminium plants are coming up at Lanjigarh, Lapanaga, Singaram and Kashipur near project section. Consequent upon vast development plans in various areas like power, industry, mineral and agriculture sector in the state of Orissa, Andhra Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, it is foreseen that substantial volume of additional traffic would be generated which will be required to be moved on this route. Therefore doubling of the track is the unavoidable solution especially considering that the

3 REA checklist defined for Roads and Highways as per ADB Environmental Guidelines 2003 which has been suitably modified for rail projects


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existing utilization of Sambalpur-Titlagarh section will increase significantly over the years due to above development.

2.3. Location and Characteristic of the Project Section 30. The project section (Sambalpur-Titlagarh) is located in the state of

Orissa traversing through Sambalpur, Bargarh, Sonepur and Balangir districts. The geographical area of the proposed doubling alignment lies between the Latitude 21°28’57” N to 20°17’57” N and longitude 83°57’34”E to 83°07’48” E. The project location, alignment and components are shown at Map 3.

31. It starts at Km. 562.9 from the centre of the Sambalpur station building and terminates at chainage Km 744.4 near the Titlagarh Station Yard covering the total length of 181.485 Km. Major part (96.9 km) of the corridor falls in the Balangir district. The doubling length of track in Sambalpur, Bargarh and Sonepur districts are 35.3 Km, 36.5 Km and 12.8 Km respectively.

32. There are 15 stations (including the take-off and terminating stations) in this project section. Important among them are Sambalpur, Bargarh Road, Balangir and Titlagarh. (Table 2.1

Table 2.1 : Name and Locations of the Existing Stations

S. No Stations (Km EX-HWH) S. No Stations (Km EX-HWH) 1 Sambalpur (Takeoff Point) 562.9 9 Loisinga 662.684 2 Hirakud 570.170 10 Balangir 681.288 3 Godbagha 579.646 11 Deogaon Road 698.530 4 Attabirra 587.197 12 Saintala 715.926 5 Bargarh Road 605.347 13 Badmal 724.663 6 Barpalli 624.485 14 Sikir 734.540 7 Dunguripali 638.761 15 Titlagarh

(End Point) 744.385

8 Khaliapali 651.529

33. The existing single line section is Broad Gauge (standard width of 1.676 m between the rails). The available ROW (right-of-way) is varying at places but enough ROW is still available for construction of additional track except at few locations primarily in forests and inhabited areas. The ruling gradient at most of the locations is 1 in 150. The degree of curve ranges between 0.5° to 6°. The total length under curve is 54 Km. There are altogether 41major and 395 minor bridges, 7 road under bridges (RuB) and 8 road over bridges (RoB). The total no. of level crossings is 97, out of which 34 are manned and 63 are unmanned.

Plate 2.2: Terminating Point- Titlagarh-Jn.

Plate 2.1: Takeoff Point- Sambalpur Jn.


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34. The proposed doubling will be along the existing line with switch over at nine different locations as presented in Table 2.2 and Map 2:. The existing single line and the proposed second line run side by side of (a) the NH-6 between Sambalpur - Bargarh Road and (b) NH-201 between Bargarh Road and Titlagarh. The proposed alignment has been suitably finalized with due considerations to engineering aspects like available gradient, need of curve improvement, demolition and cuttings and environmental/social aspects like land acquisition in forests or near settlement or schools. All efforts have been made to utilize the existing ROW.

Table 2.2 : Location of Switchovers

Sr. No.

Locations ( Km) Alignment w.r.t to existing track

Reasons for Switchovers From To

1 Km 562.9 In between 570-572 LHS ----- 2 In between 570-572 In between 578-580 RHS To avoid settlement are 3 In between 578-580 In between 583-585 LHS Khoshla School on RHS 4 In between 583-585 In between 602-604 RHS To avoid demolition 5 In between 602-604 In between 676-677 LHS Inadequate ROW on RHS 6 In between 676-677 Km 678.2 RHS To avoid hill-cutting 7 Km 678.2 In between 688-690 LHS Inadequate ROW on RHS 8 In between 690-691 In between 696-698 RHS Curve improvement 9 In between 696-698 In between 744.12 LHS To avoid acquisition in

forest area Source: Engineering Team, ECoR, Sambalpur Division

2.4. Project Implementation Schedule and Cost 35. The project is in detailed design stage. Construction is likely to start

in 2011 and is proposed to be completed in four years i.e. by 2015. The entire construction activities may be taken up in three packages. The indicated cost of the project is estimated at about INR 60 Million excluding rolling stock.

2.5. Key Project Components and Activities 36. The key project activities will involve laying of formation for second

track, construction of new bridges, RuB and RoB. Other important activities are (i) gradient and curve improvement, (ii) construction of side drains, (iii) shifting of existing roads at certain locations and construction of approach roads near bridge locations, (iv) dismantling, renovation (levelling, extension, up-gradation) or new construction of platforms, (v) dismantling/ construction of foot over bridges, (vi) dismantling /building of the loops, (vii) construction of quarters for staffs with all basic amenities. Temporary workshops, offices and construction camps may also be set up at different places. These are likely to be close to the existing stations or rail lines only. However, these locations are not yet firmed up.

37. Gauge and Alignment: The proposed new track will be standard broad gauge of 1.676 m width. The alignment broadly will follow the existing alignment. A distance of 5.9 m shall be maintained between the two tracks.

38. Gradient: A ruling gradient of 1 in 150 is proposed. The ruling gradient for station yards is kept as 1 in 400. The existing gradient though is 1 in 100.


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39. Curves: It is proposed to improve the curve of new line to the maximum extent. Presently the degree of curvature at most of the curve locations varies from 10 to 20. The existing sharpest curve is near power channel bridge with 50. The transition curves are designed for max 95 km/h & minimum 75 km/h speed. Adequate level grade will be provided to accommodate vertical curve of 4000 m radius.

40. Embankment Formation: The formation width in plain areas is proposed as 6.85 m and in hill cutting areas as 9.25m (including drain) with side slopes of 2:1 in plains and 1:1 in hill cutting area. Moorum blanketing of 100 cm thickness is proposed with turfing on the slopes. Mechanical compaction at optimum moisture content is proposed. Stone pitching and other protective measures are proposed near bridge approaches and vulnerable stretches.

41. The total earth requirement for banking and blanketing has been estimated to be 45, 91000 cum and 5, 24,460 cum respectively. The block section wise earth calculation has been given in Table 2.3.

Table 2.3 : Block section wise Earth Work (Cum)

S. No Block Section E/W in

Banking E/W in

Blanketing

Cutting in Cum Turfing in sq.m Ordinary

& NRB RRB RRC

1 Sambalpur-Hirakud 237477 67498 3702 ----- ----- 68189

2 Hirakud-Godbhaga 164331 67459 17284 ----- ----- 39825 3 Godbhaga-Attabira 232602 75774 4029 ----- ----- 43010 4 Attabira-Bargarh Road 317323 155227 36028 ----- ----- 109743 5 Baragarh Road-Barpali 479670 144220 39023 ----- ----- 103802 6 Barpali-Dunguripali 412269 123045 8025 ----- ----- 87596 7 Dunguripali-Khaliapali 293467 108749 15249 ----- ----- 79132 8 Khaliapali-Loisingha 203863 87919 51022 ----- ----- 54719 9 Loisingha-Bolangir 304001 139088 31852 ----- ----- 110763 10 Bolangir-Deogaon Rd. 637435 172623 131552 36251 5137 88211 11 Deogaon Rd.-Saintala 581062 122646 19021 8526 2436 91901 12 Saintala-Badmal 220622 78279 8023 4265 1234 51242 13 Badmal-Sikir 360834 84626 135626 57250 5987 43891 14 Sikir-Titlagarh 146046 73025 24025 9864 1264 51825 Total 4591002 1500178 524461 116156 16058 1023849 Source: Engineering Team, ECoR, Sambalpur Division

42. Ballast: Hard crushed stone ballast of 50mm size with 300mm ballast cushion is proposed for mainline and 250mm for loops and sidings. Ballast will be procured from nearest quarries. There are many approved quarries available in the project districts some being very near to the railway track/stations. The total quantity of ballasts block-section wise has been summarized below in Table 2.4.

Plate 2.3: Sharpest curve Near Power channel


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Table 2.4 : Block Section Wise Ballast Requirement

S. No Block- Sections Qty. (cum) S. No. Block- Sections Qty. (cum)

1 Sambalpur-Hirakud 18224 9 Loisingha-Bolangir 46096 2 Hirakud-Godbhaga 23139 10 Bolangir-Deogaon Road 64391 3 Godbhaga-Attabira 20194 11 Deogaon Road-Saintala 41402 4 Attabira-Bargarh Road 50563 12 Saintala-Badmal 20794 5 Baragarh Road-Barpali 45549 13 Badmal-Sikir 32577 6 Barpali-Dunguripali 33977 14 Sikir-Titlagarh 23431 7 Dunguripali-Khaliapali 30388 15 in midsection for existing line 32210 8 Khaliapali-Loisingha 26549 16 Total 509484

Source: Engineering Team, ECoR, Sambalpur Division

43. Bridges: New bridges along existing 42 major bridges and 395 minor bridges have to be constructed during the doubling. All the major & minor bridges are to be of Heavy Mineral (HM) loading standard. Number of spans will remain the same except at major bridge no. 329 and 235 where one extra span has been proposed considering the discharge volume. The total length across the waterways for all types of bridges is 4.05 km. All existing steel girder bridges up to 30.48 m span are proposed to be Pre stressed Concrete (PSC) Girder Bridge. A list of all major and minor bridges with their location, type, span and other details has been appended as Appendix 2.2. The bridges is designed considering the highest flood level (HFL) the same as recorded at respective existing bridge and given at Appendix 2.3.

44. Since construction is along the existing bridge, no new river training structures will be required except strengthening the existing one as may be required.

45. RUBs/ ROBs, Level Crossings and Approach Roads: All existing ROB/RUB will be widened to two-track standard since most of as most of the ROB’s are of single-track standard. There are 97 level crossings from JT/25 to JT/129 out of this 34 are manned & 65 are unmanned. Ten unmanned level crossing are already abandoned. Three unmanned level crossing are proposed to be converted to ROB & RUB. Provision of approach roads surfacing of level crossings between gates, checkrails for level crossing (on PSC sleeper), road users warning boards, whistle boards and fencing on the approach on either end are proposed.

46. Side Drains: Presently, side drains are only available in some sections between from Km 569- 573, Km. 606 – Km 609, Km 622- Km.625, Km.655- Km. 657, Km. 662- Km. 663, Km. 678- Km. 682, Km.688- Km.697. The proposed doubling will require construction of new side drains of about 31.2 Km length. The block section wise length of side drains is given at Table 2.5.


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Table 2.5 : Block Section wise Length of Side Drains

S. No Block- Sections Length (meter) S. No. Block- Sections Length

(meter) 1 Sambalpur-Hirakud 3054 8 Khaliapali-Loisingha 3050 2 Hirakud-Godbhaga 1750 9 Loisingha-Bolangir 2750 3 Godbhaga-Attabira 2395 10 Bolangir-Deogaon Road 1750 4 Attabira-Bargarh Road 3490 11 Deogaon Road-Saintala 1050 5 Baragarh Road-Barpali 3850 12 Saintala-Badmal 1050 6 Barpali-Dunguripali 2450 13 Badmal-Sikir 1050 7 Dunguripali-Khaliapali 2491 14 Sikir-Titlagarh 1050

Source: Final Location Survey

47. Stations: There are 14 intermediate crossing stations including the proposed crossing station at Sukutapali. Two Junction Stations are Sambalpur and Titlagarh. Provision of five new Intermediate Block Stations (IBS) are made at Km .613.740 (between Bargarh Road & Barpali), Km.633.450 (between Barpali & Dungripali), Km.669.950 (between Loisinga & Balangir), Km.691.700 (between Balangir & Deogaon Road.), and Km.706.540 (between Deogaon Road & Saintala). The station yard wise proposed activities are summarised at Table 2.6.

Table 2.6 : Summary of Station wise Proposed Activities S. No Stations Km

(EX- HWH) Key Activities Proposed

1 Sambalpur 562.9 Extension of Line No 1A from west (Balangir end). A level crossing manned (Balangir end)

2 Hirakud 570.170 An extra loop for ballast siding and an island platform. 3 Godbagha 579.646 An extra loop left side of down line to be considered as

common loop. A hot axle siding of 100m length to take off from common loop.

4 Attabirra 587.197 Necessary cross overs and isolation has been proposed 5 Bargarh Rd. 605.347 Existing coal and Bamboo load siding to be dismantled. In

place, full loop length of 720 m is proposed. A new platform is proposed between UP loop and bamboo siding. Existing low-level platform and station building also to be dismantled to provide down loop line. The existing goods platform also proposed to be dismantled. A 90 m hot axle siding is also proposed. Necessary cross over and isolation has also been proposed

6 Barpalli 624.485 The existing low-level platform to be dismantled and rebuilt as high-level platform. Existing goods loop to be converted to a full length loop to be utilised as common loop. Construction of a new low-level platform at left side of the UP loop.

7 Dunguripali 638.761 The existing low level platform to be dismantled and rebuilt as high level platform. A hot axle siding is proposed on common loop. Construction of new platform on new loop line. Necessary cross overs and isolation has also been proposed

8 Khaliapali 651.529 Construction of new platform on left of up loop and new loop at existing platform. Necessary cross over and isolation has also been proposed

9 Loisinga 662.684 Dismantling of existing platform to accommodate the proposed common loop. New platform is proposed by the side of Up loop. A hot axle siding from up loop at Titlagarh end. Necessary cross over and isolation has also been proposed

10 Balangir 681.288 The existing turnouts of line No 2, 3, and 4 and cross over between lines no 3 & 4 to be dismantled at Howrah and Titlagarh end. The existing platform no 1 to be dismantled to


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S. No Stations Km (EX- HWH) Key Activities Proposed

limit the length at 550 m. Necessary cross over and isolation has also been proposed

11 Deogaon Road

698.530 Construction of new common loop from up line and one passenger platform. A new hot axle siding is proposed from common lop. Existing platform to be extended to bring its length as 400m. Necessary cross over and isolation has also been proposed

12 Saintala 715.926 A new common loop is proposed from up line. Existing platform to be extended towards Titlagarh side to bring its length as 400m. The existing cabin to be dismantled and relocated suitably. Necessary cross over and isolation has also been proposed

13 Badmal 724.663 The existing platform No 1 & 4 to be extended towards Jharsuguda end to bring its length as 400m. A hot axle siding is proposed to take off from line no 4.

14 Sikir 734.540 A new platform with common loop is proposed. Foot over bridge at Titlagarh end is to be dismantled and built at new location at Titlagarh end. Necessary cross over and isolation has also been proposed

15 Titlagarh J 744.385 No new activity except joining of new line.

48. Residential Accommodation and Service building: It is proposed to construct staff quarters of three types, one station building at Sukutapali, and offices of Asst Engineer & Senior Section Engineer Path Ways (SSEPW) at Bargarh Road. The location of proposed residential buildings is yet not firmed up but the preferable locations are Sambalpur, Bargarh, Balangir and Titlagarh. The details of these constructions are given at Table 2.7.

Table 2.7 : Details of Proposed Residential and Service Buildings S. No Description Qty/Plot Area 1 Type –I Staff Quarters 25 Nos 2 Type II Staff Quarters 20 Nos. 3 Type III Staff Quarters 10 Nos. 6 ORH at Balangir 400 m2 (Plot Area) 7 SRH at Balangir 250 m2 (Plot Area) 8 Gate Lodge for 15 stations 1 for each 2 Nos.

49. Dismantling: Dismantling is involved at different stations for as per the requirement indicated at Table 2.6 above. All the dismantled material can be sold off or reused for filling or other construction activities except asbestos roof sheets which will be disposed off in scientifically acceptable manner.

50. Land Requirement: All efforts are made to minimise the land requirement through suitable engineering measures throughout the project section. Additional land is required is primarily for curve improvement; approach roads near ROBs, and RoW (Only locations where enough RoW is not available) . Total land requirement is 59.01 acres. Out of this, 40.262 acres is government Land, 16.234 acres is private land and 2.511 acres is under forest. The land use of Govt. land is predominantly uncultivable wasteland. The land under private ownership is predominantly agricultural.

51. Construction Material Source: The main construction material required for the project is earth, cement, ballast, stone chips and sand. All these materials are locally available. Earth will be borrowed preferably from Govt. wasteland and private non-


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agricultural land. Stone chips/ ballast will be procured from licensed quarries located nearby. Cement will be procured from Bargarh. Sand will be obtained from different river beds present along and nearby the project areas. A list of construction materials sources with distance from railway line is given in Table 2.8.

Table 2.8 : Major construction Materials, its Source and Distance

Material Location with respect to railway Chainage Approx Distance from track Name of place

Earth (borrow areas)

Balangir(679) 2.0 Balangir Badmal(724) 1.0 Badmal Dungrapali(638) 3.0 Chickonkotta Hirakud Station(566) 2.0 Khosala

Stone quarries

Dungrapali(638) 2.0 Nowapali Dungrapali(638) 4.0 Dhangarpali Balangir(679) 2.0 Balangir Sambalpur station(563) 15.0 Dhamapalace Bargarh 5.0-6.0 Bargarh Balangir(679) 2.0 Balangir Titlagarh(744.2) 4.0 Rahenbheta Hirakud Station(566) 3.0 Khosala

Cement ACC Cement Factory 8-10 Km Bargarh


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3. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 52. It is imperative to study the existing environmental conditions not

only to establish the present physical, biological and socio-economic scenario but also in order to predict future impacts owing to construction and operation of the project. Particular emphasis has been laid in collection of data for terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna in the present study, wild life movement, and tree cover along the alignment and sourcing of construction material. These are considered to be of prime importance vis-à-vis the nature and location of the proposed project.

3.1. Physical Environment 3.1.1. Meteorology and Climate

53. The project districts have tropical climate characterized by high temperature, high humidity, and medium to high rainfall. Four seasons distinctly observed in the study area are (i) Summer Season: it extends from early February to middle June. The temperature rises up to 48° C in May. The humidity is very low particularly in April and May. The average, rainfall in this season is < 50 mm. (ii) Monsoon Season: Monsoon breaks in first fortnight of June and lasts up till September. Maximum rainfall is received in July and August. The average rainfall is of the order of 300-400 mm. Humidity is high in this season ranging between 79-88%. The average maximum temperature in this season is about 34° C. The average annual rainfall at Sambalpur, Sonepur/ Balangir and Bargarh, is 1443.59 mm, 1287 mm, 1155.2 mm respectively. (iii) Post Monsoon: This extends from October to November. There are occasional showers in this season. The humidity is high. There is moderate cloud in this season. (iv) Winter Season: This extends from December to January. The minimum and maximum temperature in this season observed is 11° C at Sambalpur and 29°C at Titlagarh respectively.

54. Wind direction varies considerably in the four project districts in different seasons. Predominant wind direction in the project area is South-West and North-West. Heat wave condition prevails during extreme summer in the areas where wind direction is opposite to the exposed rock area, which gets trapped due to the presence of other hills. The heat wave condition is excessive in Titlagarh town area. Generally, light to moderate winds prevail throughout the year. Winds are light and moderate particularly during the morning hours. While during the afternoon hours, the winds are stronger. Wind speed is relatively high during the summer months of April and May and during the monsoon months. During the post-monsoon and winter, the wind speed is relatively low (mean speed = 2.6 – 3.8 km/h). The highest wind speed is about 8.3 km/h normally observed in July.

55. The annual rainfall (2000-2004) in the project districts, monthly maximum and minimum temperature and humidity has been graphically presented in Figure 3.1, Figure 3.2 and Figure 3.3 respectively.


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0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

2004 2003 2002 2001 2000

Year

Rainf

all (in

mm) Bargarh

Bolangir

Sambalpur

Sonepur

State Average

Figure 3.1 : Annual Rainfall Pattern in the State and Project Districts (2000-2004)

0

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max min

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max min

Jan Feb March Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec.

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SambalpurBalangirTitlagarh

Figure 3.2 : Temperature Variation at IMD Stations in the Project Area (2006)

0

10

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50

60

70

80

90

100

Jan. Feb. Mar Apr May Jun. Jul. Aug Sep. Oct. Nov Dec

Month

Avg.

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(%)

SambalpurBolangirTitlagarh

Figure 3.3 : Relative Humidity Variation at IMD Stations in the Project Area


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3.1.2. Natural Hazards 56. The project districts are not vulnerable to any major risk due to

natural hazard other than drought, which is very common in the area, particularly in Balangir district. The drought is both meteorological and hydrological in nature, which occurs due to erratic rainfall in the area beset with depleting ground water resources.

57. The project districts are not prone to flood except in case of excessive rainfall. The area was severely affected by flood during Aug, 2003 due to continuous rain in the upper and lower catchment areas of the Mahanadi River. The vulnerability index prepared by UNDP for different natural hazard in the project districts have been shown in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1 : Vulnerability Index for Natural Hazards Project Districts Wind Cyclone Flood Drought

Bargarh 3 1, 2 1 Sambalpur 3, 4 1, 2 1 Sonepur 3 2 1 Balangir 3 2 1

Source: UNDP Office, Bhubaneswar Wind & Cyclone: 1: Very High risk, 2=High risk, 3=Moderate risk, 4=Slight risk Flood: 1=liable to get flooded; 2= Flood protected areas; Drought: 1=very high risk; 2=high risk zone; 3=slight risk zone;

58. No evidence of rail traffic blockage was reported in the project rail section due to inundation of track or flooding along the track except near Suktel River where the bridge got damaged and traffic was diverted for few hours in August 2003.

3.1.3. Air Quality 59. The ambient air quality levels (Table 3.2) with respect to suspended

particulate matter (SPM), respirable particulate matter (RSPM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) range from 149.7 to 355 µg/m3, 44 - 97 µg/m3 and 7.5 to 12.22 µg/m3 respectively in the project area. The SO2 levels were recorded less than 10 µg/m3 at all locations. These ambient air quality levels conform to the prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) appended as Appendix 3.1 for different land use category except at 2 locations near Bargarh Cement Factory where SPM is higher than residential limit but well within industrial limits. Overall, the project area is free from air pollution.

Table 3.2 : Ambient Air Quality in the Project Area Location Parameters

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

SPM (µg/m3) 188.0 174.0 166.0 170.0 149.7 355.0 326

RSPM (µg/m3) 61.0 58.0 54.0 47.0 49.33 97.0 44.0

SO2 (µg/m3) 6.8 8.2 7.9 6.5 16.0 <10 <10

NOX (µg/m3) 9.5 8.9 9.6 7.5 12.22 <10 <10 Source: SPCB, Sambalpur 1=Sambalpur Town, 2=Bolangir Town, 3=Bargarh, 4=Titlagarh Town, 5= Hrakud Indl. Area, 6= ACC Cement unit Packaging area, 7= ACC cement unit Entry Gate


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3.1.4. Noise and Vibration 60. The ambient noise levels were monitored at various locations. The

secondary data was also collected from SPCB. These ambient noise levels (Table 3.3) conform to the prescribed limit (Appendix 3.2) except at 2 commercial areas (near Titlagarh and Bolangir railway stations) and all silence zones where it marginally exceeds (max 3.9 dB (A) during night time). The commercial area where noise level exceeds the prescribed limit is located near railway stations. The educational institute where the noise level exceeds during night time is all non-residential.

Table 3.3 : Noise Level in dB (A) in the Project Area Noise level Location

Leq (Day)

Leq (Night) L max L min Area Category

Bareipali, Industrial Estate 60.8 50.3 69.0 55.0 Industrial

G.M. College, Sambalpur 53.9 47.2 69.0 46.0 Silence Zone

Near Bargarh Co-Sugar Mill 61.0 52.1 65.0 56.0 Industrial

Bus Stand, Bargarh 58.8 45.0 71.0 39.0 Commercial

Panchyat College, Bargarh 52.1 42.1 55.8 42.2 Silence Zone

Industrial Estate, Bolangir 59.5 45.8 79.3 42.9 Industrial

100 mtr from Bolangir R.S. 67.3 50.6 78.9 38.5 Commercial

Rududipada, Bolangir 55.7 47.9 69.0 43.0 Residential

Rajendra college, Bolangir 57.4 45.2 68.0 49.0 Silence Zone

Industrial Estate, Titilagarh 61.0 52.0 85..0 56.0 Industrial

Hatpada, Titilagarh 42.3 38.9 54.0 37.0 Residential Source: Regional Office, SPCB, Sambalpur and self monitored

61. Noise level (impulse noise) during movement of the trains (near rail-track) was recorded at select locations at varied distances from the railway track. The impulse noise recorded at bridge approaches observed to be the highest ranging from 76.0 dB (A)-80.2 dB (A) followed by ROB /RUB where it varies from 73.8 dB (A) to 79.3 dB (A). Impulse noise near boundary of Khosala School (7m from track) and main building (25 m from track) was also monitored. Noise level at the boundary and main building was found to be 77.4 dB (A) and 71.4 dB (A) respectively.

3.1.5. Physiography and Topography 62. Physiographic ally, the project area falls under central tableland out

of four main physiographic divisions of the state namely coastal plains, northern plateau, central tableland and Eastern Ghats. The central tableland is characterized by varying land profile viz. fertile valleys, plains and hilly lands. Mahanandi river basin is a worth mentioning physiographic unit of the central tableland flowing east west of the project corridor.


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0

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Samba

lpur

Hiraku

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Godba

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Bargarh

Barpali

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63. The land profile along the project corridor in all the four project districts is in general, undulating except some sections between Khaliapalli-Loisinga-Balangir Stations. The elevation above mean sea level along the project corridor varies between 154.9 m (Sambalpur Jn.) to 218.76 m (Sikir). The average elevation of the entire rail section is 176.0 m. The terrain profile along the project corridor shown at Figure 3.4.

Figure 3.4 : Formation Level at Stations 3.1.6. Geology and Seismicity

64. The general geology of the Orissa region consists primarily of Precambrian rocks of the Indian Shield. These rocks have been divided into 4 distinct sectors, based on their lithology and structure and named after the geographic region in which they occur–West, South, Coastal, and North Sectors. The West Sector where the project area is located is underlain primarily by Archean granitic gneisses, khondalites, charnockites, and migmatites. These rocks trend in a general NE-SW direction, gently curving eastward at their northern end. The main discontinuities in the region is Eastern Ghat boundary fault and north Orissa boundary fault, which separates west sector from east and south sector from north respectively.

65. Important locations where track is either crossing through or located nearby by hard-rock/hilly terrain are Bernai Reserve Forest (Km.714 -Km. 736); Banji and Sunadki reserve forest (Km.683- Km.697). Other locations are Patharkahandi (Km.635), Dungripalli(Km.641- Km. 643), Negipalli Bendra, Khusra Munda,(651-653 and km. 655- km. 657), Hirapur (Km. 664- Km. 665), Purbal, Laderbhal,( Km.667- Km.668) and Jamshar (km. 671), near Deogaon and Chandrapur (699-700), Dengapathar, Naikensira, Tebramunda (km. 703-km. 709), Karaeldhua , Kermali, Pitamahul (km. 710 - km. 711). The

Plate 3.1: Illustrating Tableland Topography of the region


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Plate 3.4: Showing abundance of Red soil

Luxmidungri Hill near Mahanadi River in Sambalpur is located adjacent to the National Highway-6 and further to the project corridor, which runs parallel to each other. Hill side facing the highway is vulnerable to landslide. Road traffic often gets obstructed due to slide of weathered rock boulders.

66. According to Seismic Zonal Map4

3.1.7. Soil

of India prepared by Bureau of Indian Standard, all the four project districts are located in the Zone II and Zone III. Sambalpur and Bargarh districts lie in Zone III whereas Balangir and Sonepur are in Zone II. Zone II denotes minimum damage risk. Zone III is a moderate damage risk zone.

67. The soil, in this sub project area, mainly consists of ordinary hard soil, black cotton, hard soil mixed with moorum and rocks structure consisting of igneous rock. In Sambalpur district, the main soil type is red soil. Low level ground late rite are also present where water table is comparatively high. Stretch falling in Balangir district is predominantly underlain by black cotton soil. The block sections of Dungripalli- Khaliapalli-Loisinga- Balangir is mainly covered by black cotton soil. The soil in the Bargarh district is a mixture of sand and gravel as well as of clay, which is very fertile in nature.

68. The soil along the project sections are alkaline in nature (Table 3.4).Texture of the soil is sandy at Hirakud and Sandy clay loam at Bargarh and Balangir. Organic content and nutrients viz. nitrogen, sodium potassium and phosphorous are comparatively low as per recommended norms of Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).

Table 3.4 : Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Soil

Sr. No. Parameters Near Hirakud

Stn. Near

Bargarh Station

Near Balangir

Station area 1 Colour Reddish

Brown Dark Brown Dark Brown

2 pH(20% slurry) 8.01 7.49 7.80 3 Conductivity(µmhos/cm) 520 2850 290 4 Moisture (%) 19 14 17.6 5 Chlorides (%) 0.0025 0.2631 0.0363 6 Bulk Density(gm/ml) 1.19 1.38 1.785 7 Porosity 0.55 0.5 0.36 8 Water Holding Capacity

(%) 10.24 13.87 8.29

9 CEC Meq/100g 12.6 14 14.5 10 Carbonate (%) Nil Nil Nil

4 IS:1893 (Part 1): 2002 Indian Standard Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures Part 1 General Provisions and Buildings Fifth Revision divides the Indian subcontinent into five seismic zones ( II to V) depending on the magnitude and damage intensity of seismic activity.


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Sr. No. Parameters Near Hirakud

Stn.

Near Bargarh Station

Near Balangir

Station area 11 Bicarbonate (%) Nil 0.0014 0.0103 12 Organic Matter (%) 0.65 0.48 0.26 13 Texture Sandy Sandy Clay

loam Sandy Clay

loam 14 Nitrogen (%) 0.5 0.62 0.5 15 Potassium (%) 0.3 0.32 0.60 16 Sodium (%) 0.09 0.132 0.22 17 Phosphorus (%) 0.5301 0.1150 0.5766 18 Iron(mg/Kg) 460 650 560

Source: Analysis of field samples

3.1.8. Water Resources 3.1.8.1 Groundwater

69. The ground water is principally used for drinking and domestic purposes in the study area except in the urban area of Sambalpur where main source of drinking water is Mahanadi. Water requirement at different stations is also met mainly through of groundwater abstraction except at Sambalpur, Titlagarh and Balangir. Water table significantly varies in all the four project districts. The highest water table depth is in Balangir (80-100m bgl) followed by Bargarh and Sonapur (50-60 bgl). The water table is comparatively at shallow depth in Sambalpur district (20-30mbgl) due to its proximity to Mahanadi River and Hirakud reservoir.

70. Information about groundwater quality was also obtained from local people, railway staffs and passengers for different locations. They informed about poor groundwater quality near Khaliapalli, Dungripalli and Bargarh due to the excess iron content and hardness. The ground water quality largely meets the drinking water standards (Appendix 3.3) except Iron. Result of the groundwater quality of the samples collected during field survey in the study area has been summarised at (Table 3.5).


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Table 3.5 : Groundwater Quality in the Project Area Locations

Parameters

Handpump (Hirakud)

Tube well (Khaliapalli)

Turbidity NTU 5.2 24.0 Conductivity mhos 419.0 381.0 pH 7.35 8.54 Colour - - TSS mg/l 32.0 58.0 TDS mg/l 207.0 194.0 Oil & Grease mg/l ND 2.0 TH as CaCO3 mg/l 40.5 121.8 Calcium Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 27.5 84.2 Magnesium Hardness as CaCO3 mg/ 13.0 37.6 Sodium as Na mg/l 6.4 9.5 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 2.2 3.1 Phosphate as PO4 mg/l 0.08 0.24 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 7.9 12.5 Chloride as Cl mg/l 34.0 77.0 Lead as Pb mg/l ND ND Iron as Fe mg/l 0.78 2.31 Total Chromium mg/l ND ND Fluoride as F mg/l 0.452 0.687

Source: Analysis of Field Samples

3.1.8.2 Surface water

71. The project districts are drained by a number of rivers, rivulets. Majority of them are tributaries (Ong, Jira and SukTel) of Mahanadi River running east west of the project corridor. However, none of these rivers flow parallel to the track. They only cut across the existing alignment. There are numerous other water bodies viz. canals, ponds, minor drains etc which either cutting across or located in the surrounding areas. Mahanadi River and Hirakud reservoir are two important and large surface water bodies in the project influence area. Canal and river water bodies are mainly being used for irrigation purpose whereas ponds are principally being used for cattle bathing/drinking and washing of clothes by local people. Fishing activity is being done mainly in Mahanandi River and backwater of Hirakud reservoir. All the surface water bodies go dry in summer except river Mahanadi. In Mahanadi also there is large variation of flow from monsoon to non-monsoon. List of all water bodies nearby and cutting across the project rail section is given at Table 3.6.


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Table 3.6 : List of Water Bodies along the Project Corridor

S. No. (Km) Type of Water

Bodies

Distance w.r.t the Existing

Track

S. No (Km) Type of Water

Bodies

Distance w.r.t the Existing

Track 1 563.8 Pond RHS (129.4) 43 659.2 Pond LHS (35.6) 2 564.7 Mandila Jhor Crossing 44 660.7 Pond LHS (60.4) 3 566.4 Mahanadi River Crossing 45 661.3 Loisinga Jhor Crossing 4 569.8 Power Canal Crossing 46 663.4 Kuramgul River Crossing 5 575.1 Pond LHS (40.6) 47 665.9 Sukhtel River Crossing 6 577.7 Nalla Crossing 48 669.4 Pond LHS (36.9) 7 578.5 Pond LHS (45.3) 49 671.8 Dogra Jhor Crossing 8 585.2 Jhau jour Crossing 50 674.9 Maliba Palli jhor Crossing 9 587.8 Kalia Jhor Crossing 51 677.2 Laxmi Jhor Crossing

10 592.7 Pond RHS (30.5) 52 678.8 Nulla Crossing 11 592.9 Attabira Canal Crossing 53 679.5 Pond LHS (68.4) 12 598.8 Danta River Crossing 54 680.3 Pond RHS (54.2) 13 603.8 Nalla Crossing 55 682.3 Bijakaman Jhor Crossing 14 605.9 Pond LHS(30.6) 56 683.1 Pond LHS (56.4) 15 607.6 Pond LHS 57 683.8 Pond LHS (70.4) 16 612.8 Jeera River Crossing 58 687.1 Nalla Crossing 17 613.9 Phalsa River Crossing 59 691.4 Pond LHS (40.1) 18 617 Pond RHS (46.3) 60 692.8 Nalla Crossing 19 619.7 Pond RHS (38) 61 694.7 Nalla Crossing 20 619.1 Bargarh Nalla Crossing 62 695.1 Nalla Crossing 21 619.9 Pond LHS (26.8) 63 697.4 Pond LHS (25.4) 22 622.8 Pond LHS (34.7) 64 698.4 Pond LHS (80.4) 23 625.7 Barapalli Nalla Crossing 65 698.6 Pond RHS (48.3) 24 630.0 Ranijhor Crossing 66 699.5 Pond LHS (62.1) 25 631.7 Bargarh Canal Crossing 67 700.4 Sungarh Jhor Crossing 26 633.8 Pond LHS(54.6) 68 700.4 Pond LHS (46.2) 27 635.4 Pond RHS(70.4) 69 700.9 Pond RHS (66.4) 28 635.7 RetmundCanal Crossing 70 708.4 Pond LHS (38.4) 29 636.7 Pond LHS (46.1) 71 708.4 Nulla Crossing 30 637 Pond RHS (46.7) 72 709.1 Kharlijar River Crossing 31 645.8 Pond LHS (50) 73 713.4 Pond LHS (34.2) 32 647.0 Ong River Crossing 74 714.6 Pond LHS (80.2) 33 648.3 Water River LHS (10.3) 75 717.2 Badmal Stream Crossing 34 649.8 Nalla Crossing 76 719.1 Nalla Crossing 35 652.4 Pond LHS (47.6) 77 729.4 Nalla Crossing 36 654.8 Nalla Crossing 78 731.1 Nalla Crossing 37 654.9 Nalla Crossing 79 733.1 Nalla Crossing 38 655.6 Pond LHS (40.1) 80 733.4 Pond LHS(100.1) 39 655.9 Nigipalli Crossing 81 733.8 Pond RHS 85.47 40 656.5 Pond LHS (30.9) 82 736.4 Kama Jhor Crossing 41 657.4 Pond LHS (48) 83 738.4 Pond LHS (40.1) 42 659.2 Kalasi Jhor Crossing 84 741.5 Pond LHS (38.4)

Source: field surveys5

72. Surface water samples tested and analyzed have been compared with the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for Irrigation- Class D and propagation of wild life and fisheries -Class-E (

Appendix 3.4). The results of the samples conforms their suitability for both these purposes. Results of the surface water quality in the project area have been summarized in Table 3.7.

5 Some of the Ponds may be seasonal and may go dry during non-Rainy season.


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Table 3.7 : Surface Water Quality in the Project Area Locations Parameters

Mahanadi River

Hirakud Reservoir

Suk-Tel River

Turbidity NTU 32 22 10 Conductivity mhos 225 126 204 pH 7.51 7.61 7.84 TSS mg/l 84.0 12.0 33.0 TDS mg/l 112.0 73.0 101 BOD 3 day at 27° C mg/l 4.0 2.0 3.0 DO mg/l 7.8 10.4 8.1 COD mg/l 39.0 18.2 24.3 Oil & Grease mg/l 4.0 ND 2.0 TH as CaCO3 mg/l 78.0 66.0 81 Calcium Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 56.0 38.0 62 Magnesium Hardness as CaCO3 mg/ 22.0 28.0 19 Sodium as Na mg/l 18.2 12.5 10.3 Nitrate as NO3 mg/l 0.78 0.84 0.55 Phosphate as PO4 mg/l 1.33 0.98 1.12 Sulphate as SO4 mg/l 24.0 8.3 14.8 Chloride as Cl mg/l 18.0 16.0 25.4 Lead as Pb mg/l ND ND ND Iron as Fe mg/l 0.95 0.60 1.10 Fluoride as F mg/l 0.357 0.651 0.321 Total Coliform MPN/100ml 1700 80 130 Faecal Coliform, MPN/100ml 1200 50 80

Source: Analysis of field samples

3.2. Ecological Resources 3.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology

73. A separate wildlife study was carried out in 2010 for this sub project with prime focus of elephant movement. This report also summarises the elephant behavioural aspects and finding of participatory rural appraisal carried out for this study and same is included as Appendix 3.10 and 3.11. The details under this section include finding of this study as well.

3.2.1.1 Forests

74. There are no National Parks, wild life sanctuaries tiger reserves, bird sanctuaries or elephant reserves in the project area. However, there some reserved forests present in the project area. The forest areas along railway stretch falls under Sambalpur (South), Bargarh, Bolangir (East), and Bolangir (West) forests divisions. The forest cover around the existing alignment is passing through mosaic forest of dense forest, secondary forest and patches of short grassland. The forest cover is found to be maximum in Sambalpur followed by Bargarh, Sonepur and Bolangir, which are 3276 Km2, 869 Km2, 308 Km2 and 951Km2 respectively.

75. Sambalpur (South) Forest Division: Under the Sambalpur (South) Forest Division there are only two forest reserves namely Laxmidungri Reserved Forest and Chandlidungri Reserved Forest touching the sub project rail section at near km. 565.00- km 566.00 and km.574 - km. 577.00 respectively. No endangered or threatened flora & fauna were encountered in both these reserved forest areas. No important medicinal plants either identified in these areas.


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76. Bargarh Forest Division: Railway track does not pass through reserved forests of Bargarh Forest Division. However, it is passing close to the Barahguda Reserved Forest at Km. 599 - km. 600.

77. Bolangir (East) Forest Division: In the Bolangir (East) forest division, railway track traverse through the Negipali Reserved Forest from chainage Km 652.00 to km 654.00, Matkhai Reserved Forest from chainage km. 683.00-km. 690.00, Banji Reserved Forest from chainage 692-694 and Sunadki Reserved Forest from chainage Km. 696-Km. 697.

78. Bolangir (West) Forest Division: The railway track in this division traverse through Barnei Reserved Forest from Km. 706-710, Samara Reserved Forest from Km. 706- Km.710 and Barghati Reserved Forest at Km. 705. The entire sub project section either passes through/touches/located nearby by altogether 11 reserved forests as listed at Table 3.8.

Table 3.8 : Presence of Reserved Forest along the Project Alignment S.

No. Forest Division Reserved Forest Total Area (ha) Chainage Km. Nature of Presence

1 Sambhalpur (South)

Laxmidungri RF 375.34 565-566 Little portion near the track

2 Sambhalpur (South)

Chandlidungri RF 1553.85 574-577 Near the track –little portion

3 Bargarh Barahguda RF Not Available (NA)

599-600 Near the track

4 Bolangir (East) Negipali RF 343.77 652-654 Bisected by the track 5 Bolangir (East) Khaliapali RF NA Near the track 6 Bolangir (East) Matkhai RF 2854.79 683-690 Bisected by the track 7 Bolangir (East) Banji RF 625.58 692-694 Bisected by the track 8 Bolangir (East) Sunadki RF 521.33 696-697 Near the Track 9 Bolangir (West) Banei RF NA 706-710 Bisected by the track

10 Bolangir (West) Samara RF NA 706-710 Near the track 11 Bolangir (West) Barghati RF 1270.40 705 Very Near the Track

79. The dominant plant species found in these forest types are Sal (Shorea robusta), Saguan (Tectona grandis), Semal (Bombax ceiba) Amba (Mangifera indica), Ainla (Emblica officinalis), Arjun (Terminalia arjuna), Bahada (Terminalia belerica), Siris (Albizzia lebbeck), Karanj (Pongamia glabra) Mahula (Madhuca indica), Sunari (Cassia fistula) etc

80. Other subdominant species observed in the forest area are Bandhan (Ougenia oojeinensis), Bija (Pterocarpus marsupium), Bheru (Chloroxylon swietiana), Char (Buchanania lanzan), Dhaman (Grewia tiliofolia), Dhaura(Anogeissus latifolia), Dhoben (Dalbergia paniculata), Genduli (Sterculia urens), Harida (Terminalia chebula), Jamun (Syzygium cumini), Kanchan (Bauhinia spp.) etc


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3.2.1.2 Floral elements

81. Important floral species in the project area are Amba (Mangifera indica), Ainla (Emblica officinalis), Arjun (Terminalia arjuna),Ashoka (Sarca asoca), Bahada(Terminalia belerica), Bandhan (Ougenia oojeinensis), Bija (Pterocarpus marsupium), Bheru (Chloroxylon swietiana), Char (Buchanaia lanzan), Dhaman (Grewia tiliofolia), Dhaura(Anogeissus latifolia), Dhoben (Dalbergia paniculata), Genduli (Sterculia urens), Harida (Terminalia chebula), Jamu (Syzygium cumini), Kanchan (Bauhinia spp.), Karanj(Pongamia glabra), Kendu (Diospyros melanoxylon), Khair (Acacia catechu), Kochila(Strychnos nuxvomica), Kongra (Xylia xylocarpa), Kurum (Adina cordifolia), Kusum (Schleichera olesa), Mahalimba(Ailanthus excelsa), Mahula (Madhuca indica),Tentra (Albizia procera), Mundi (Mitragyna parvifolia), Phasi (Anogeissus acuminata), Pitamai (Garuga pinnata), Rai(Dillenia pentagyna), Rajmohi (Lannea coromandelica), Rimili (Bursera serrata), Saguan (Tectona grandis), Sal (Shorea robusta), Salai (Boswellia serrata), Semal(Bombax ceiba), Sidha(Lagerstromia parviflora), Silveroak (Grevillea robusta), Siris (Albizzia lebbeck), Sisso(Bali)(Dalbergia sisoo), Sissoo(Pahari)(Dalbergialatifolia),Sunari(Cassiafistula),Tentuli(Tamarindus indica) etc. None of the floral species is reported to fall under endangered category as per Botanical Survey of India. A comprehensive list including trees, shrubs, climbers and

Plate 3.5: Inside view of Negipalli Reserve F t

Plate 3.6: Barghati Reserve Forest near Track

Plate 3.7: Forest near Badmal Rly Stn. Plate 3.8: Patch of Secondary Forest near Sikir


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teridophytes/ferns of floral species of the study area has been appended as Appendix 3.9.

3.2.1.3 Trees along Railway line

82. Tree enumeration was done along the track within proposed ROW (13 meter) from the edge of the existing track w.r.t. The survey recorded altogether 12,453 trees (Table 3.9Error! Reference source not found.). Maximum trees likely to be affected are in between Km. 603.00 – Km. 677.00

Table 3.9 : Approximate No. of Trees within proposed ROW

S. No. Km. (TP) Side (LHS/RHS) No. of Trees within 15 meter

1 563-571 L.H.S 31 2 571-579 R.H.S 32 3 579-584 L.H.S 291 4 584-603 R.H.S 140 5 603-677 L.H.S 4397 6 677-678 R.H.S 5 7 678-(688-689) L.H.S 889 8 (688-689) -697 R.H.S 2615 9 697 Up to Titlagarg Jn. L.H.S 4053 Total 12,453

Note: The above no. is approximate since the tree counting was done through quadrant method at select and dense but accessible areas and through repeat observations from passenger trains for non accessible areas

83. The tree found in the ROW are Shorea robusta, Mitragyna parvifolia, Hespenthusa alata, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Caryota urens, Terminalia hebula, Anogeisus latifolia, Adina cordifolia, Boswellia serrata, Lannea coromandelica, Diospyros sylvatica, Pterocarpus marsupium, Terminalia alata, Ougenia oojenesis, Papilionaceae (Fabaceae),Cleistanthus collinus, Buchanania lanzen, Callicarpa macrophylla, Cassia fistula, Terminalia arjuna, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Acacia auriculiformis, Ficus glomerata,Syzygium cuminii, Albizia procera ,Trewia nudiflora, Dalbergia sissoo, Vitex penduncularis,Mangifera indica, Saraca asoca, Eucalyptus spp., Listia glutinosa, Acacia catechu, Sterculia villosa,Careya arborea ,and Bombax ceiba. None of the tree species belong to endangered category as per Botanical Survey of India.

3.2.1.4 Faunal Elements

84. Important faunal species found in the above forest areas are Sambar (Cervus unicolar), Chital (Axis axis), Barking deer (Muntiacus muntjak), Indian wild boar (Sus scrofa), Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), Common langur (Presbytis entellus), Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), Common otter (Lutra lutra), Indian porcupine (Hytrix indica), and Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata). None of these faunal elements has their habitat near the project area. Of the above, three species belongs to the schedule I (Table 3.10) under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. None of these faunal elements has their habitat near the project area. The population of schedule I animals viz. Asian elephant, and Sloth Beer is highest in Bolangir (East) Division as per forest census 2004. The list of all mammalian species identified in all the four forest divisions of the project districts has been appended as


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Appendix 3.5 for ready reference. None of these is reported to wander around trackside. Since track is pre existing these animal are habituated of its existence otherwise also

Table 3.10 : List of Endangered Mammals found In the Forest Area Close to the Project Alignment

Common Name Scientific Name Category Criteria IWL(P),1973 Asian Elephant Elephas maximus EN EN A1 cd Schedule I Sloth Bear Melursus ursinus VU VU A2 cd, C1 +2 a Schedule I Indian Pangolin Manis crassicaudata LR/nt LR/nt Schedule I

EN: Endangered, VU: Vulnerable, LR/nt: Low risk/near threatened

85. The whole project area is devoid of high density of avian diversity except the Hirakud reservoir area. Altogether 106 species of birds (Appendix 3.8) were recorded in the four forest divisions of the project districts of which only one species is Schedule I i.e. Redheaded Vulture (Sacrocogyps calvus) under the Wildlife Protection Act 1972. The forest of Bolangir (West) Division habitats comparatively more birds due to presence of water bodies and rivulets, which attract the water birds and waders mostly along with the other forest birds. The Hirakud Dam water reservoir (approximately 1 km from the project corridor) is hub for the migratory birds, waders, water birds etc and very high density of birds encountered during the winter months.

86. The swampy and water body areas of Bolangir (East) & (West) Forest Divisions area is very rich in terms of the reptilian and avifaunal diversity. Reptilian & Amphibian fauna present in the study area were 32 (0 and Appendix 3.7) of which only one is under Schedule I i.e. Indian python (Python molurus). However, no habitat of these species is found near the track passing through these forests areas.

3.2.1.5 Migratory Routes of Terrestrial Fauna

87. Though the railway tracks is bisecting the reserve forest of the Bolangir (East) & (West) divisions, but no migratory routes of terrestrial fauna were found in this area. Wild animals, which cross the railway track in these forest areas bisected by the railway track, do not follow any definite migratory route except Asian Elephant.

88. The area near Khaliapalli is a migratory path of the elephants of a group size varying between 10 to 25 individuals. The elephants use this path to fulfil their various requirements such as – mineral, food, waterhole, foraging ground and for better habitat to avoid the harsh condition of nature during the different seasons of the year. As per the information collected from the PRA, interaction with concerned forests officers and the station managers, it was found that the elephants of a varied group cross the railway line near Khaliapalli every year. During rainy season, they migrate from the forest areas near the villages like Bakti, Asurmunda, Murshul, Bhangabahal, Dunguripalli and returns along the same road from Rampur, Dhanaradadar, Lohramunda, Shankhua, etc.

89. The elephant census data (2010) by Orissa forest department is given as Appendix 3.12. According to the report, only Sambalpur south Division and Bolangir Division have presence of Elephants but the proposed project site far away from the elephant habitat.


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90. They cross the railway track between the station Losinga and Khaliapali to fulfil their various requirements such as – mineral, food, waterhole, foraging ground and for better habitat to avoid the harsh condition of nature during the different seasons of the year. The movement path of elephants is shown at Fig 4.2 & 4.3. The Asian elephant use this migratory route between the Khalipali and Loisinga station primarily during the month of April-May.

3.2.2. Aquatic Ecology 3.2.2.1 Water Bodies and the fisheries in the Project area

91. The Hirakud reservoir near chainage Km. 568.00 - Km. 570.00 is the single largest water body in the project influence area, which plays an important role in maintaining the ecological balance in the nearby areas. This reservoir is the home for variety of aquatic fauna, mammals, water birds and migratory birds. Few water bodies of pond like (Table 3.6) structure also located near the track which are utilized by the wild fauna comparatively lower than the Hirakud Reservoir water.

3.2.2.2 Fisheries activity in the Project Area

92. The fish density is low in rivers and other water bodies in the project area. Therefore, commercial fishing activity is not found in these water bodies except at Hirakud reservoir, which is suitable for fish culture. Information were gathered about fishery activity in different rivers/water bodies in the study area viz Jeera River, Danta River, Mahanadi, Hirakud reservoir, Jogipali, Godbhaga distributory, Jhaun jhor, Suktel river, Ong river, Ranjjhor, Bargarh nala, Shant jhor and Lant. The fish species found in study are listed in Table 3.11.

Table 3.11 : Fish Species in Different Rivers/ Water Bodies

S. No Locations Species Name

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 Wallagonia attu + + + 2 Glossogobius giuris + + + 3 Ailla coha + + + 4 Catla catla + + + 5 Ophiocephalus gachua + + + + + + + + + + + + 6 Notopterus chitala + + + 7 Esomus dandrica + + + + + + + + + + + 8 Labeo bata + + + 9 Ophiocephalus punctatus + + + + + + + + + + + +

10 Hilsa ilisa + + + 11 Pangasius pangasius + + + + + + + + + + 12 Chela argentea + + + + 13 Myotus cavasius + + + + 14 Barbus ambassis + + + + + + + + + + 15 Anabas testudineus + + + + + 16 Clarius batrachus + + + + 17 Cirrhina mrigala + + + 18 Amblypharyngodon mola + + + + + + + + + + + 19 Gobiopterus chuno + + + 20 Callichrous bimaculatus + + + 21 Notopterus notopterus + + + + + + + + + + + 22 Cirrhina reba + + + 23 Labeo rohita + + + + + + + + + + + +


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S. No Locations Species Name

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

24 Barbus serana + + + + 25 Ophiocephalus striatus + + + + 26 Heterophneustes fossilis + + + + + + + + + + + + 27 Mastacombelus armatus + + + + + + + + + + + + 1=Mahanadi/ Hirakud Reservoir, 2=Jogipali, 3=Godbhaga Distributary, 4=Jhaun Jhor, 5=Danta River, 6=Jeera river, 7=Bargarh Nala, 8=Ranj Jhor, 9=Ong River, 10=Suktel River, 11=Shant Jhor, 12=Lant Jhor (+) indicates the presence

3.2.2.3 Aquatic Macro Invertebrate

93. Aquatic fauna like molluscs, snails, lizards, amphibians and other aquatic mammals are present in the project area. Besides, phytoplankton, zooplanktons were also found in abundance in the water bodies.

3.2.2.4 Faunal Behaviour Pattern

94. Though the freshwater bodies present in the project area are devoid of high density of aquatic fauna, still the fish species present are dependent on the water bodies as habitat and breeding ground for fauna like crustaceansa, molluscs and amphibians.

3.2.2.5 Migratory Route of Aquatic Fauna

95. Nearly all the fishes found in the above rivers and its tributaries are local migrants in nature. Therefore, these will not be disturbed during the construction of the railway track proposed with the bridges over the rivers.

3.2.2.6 Areas of Eco-Sensitivity/Protected Area/Restricted Area legislative and others

96. No such eco-sensitivity areas, protected area, restricted area and legislative and others were found in the sub project area.

3.3. Economic Development 97. The Orissa economy has registered State Domestic Product (SDP)

growth rate of 7.26% during the first four years of the 10th Plan period against the targeted rate of 6.2%. This robust growth is attributed to an 11.3% of growth achieved by the industry and minerals sector. The share of the manufacturing and minerals sector, which was 19.03% of the National Strategic Development Program (NSDP) in 1993-94, has increased to about 24.17% of the NSDP by the end of the fourth year of the 10th Plan (2005-06). With influx of huge capex by the large industrial houses in the core infrastructure sector, Orissa is witnessing a rapid rise of 11.5% in income distribution Rs14,795 per capita income. Many facets of economic development of the state and project districts has been discussed in subsequent sections

3.3.1. Industries 98. Orissa is one of the fastest growing states in India in the

development of small, medium and large scale industries with the total fixed investment of about INR 36000 Mn. The large scale industries contribute to about 50% investment.

99. In the project districts, there are a total of 140939 industries including both small scale and large scale industries. Table 3.12 lists out of major industries along project sections.


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Table 3.12 : Major Industries along the Project corridor

S. No. Name of Industry Item of Production Location 1 Hindalco Hirakud smelter Aluminium ingo Hirakud 2 Hirakud industrial works Galvanizing Hirakud 3 ACC Cement Ltd Cement Near Bargarh road Stn. 4 Bargarh Sugar mills ltd Sugar & molasses Bargarh road 5 Omfed Dairy factory Milk and its by product Attabira 6 Ordinance factory Arms and ammunitions Badmal 7 GKW limited Steel Titlagarh

Source: Identified During Field Survey

3.3.2. Infrastructure Facilities 3.3.2.1 Water Supply

100. Access to safe drinking water supply is not satisfactory in the state. Only 43% of total population is able to get the safe drinking water supply. Situation in rural areas is even worse. Nearly 65% of the total rural population has no access to safe drinking water. In the project districts, drinking requirement in Sambalpur urban area is met through Mahanadi river/Hirakund reservoir after primary-treatment. In rest of the area, main source of drinking water is groundwater abstraction through open wells/tube wells and Hand pumps. Drinking water facility in Balangir is very poor since groundwater availability in the area is scarce.

3.3.2.2 Transportation

101. Orissa has a well developed road network, with a total road length of around 2, 37,332 km. This includes 3,595 km of National highway; 5,102 km of State highway; 29 km of State express highway; 3,189 km of major district roads; 6,334 km of other district roads; 27,882 km of rural roads. Rest are under urban roads. Orissa is well connected with the national rail network. It has a railway route of 2,287 km, including 91 km of narrow gauge. The transport infrastructure in the project districts has been summarized below in Table 3.13.

Table 3.13 : Transport infrastructure in the Project District Particulars Sambalpur Bargarh Balangir National Highway 207 97 174 State Highway 192 142 108 Major District Road 62 113 126 Other District Road 135 141 189 Forest Road 761 231 250 GP Road 6499 6560 5827 Classified Village Road 43 45 205 P.S.Road 603 1310 878 Village Road 398 1060 1056

Source: Orissa Statistical Handbook, 2007


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3.3.2.3 Land use

102. Land use within 2 Km: Land use classification was done by rasterizing the survey of India toposheets. All features were digitized and simulated in GIS environment to obtain both pictorial and graphical representation of Land use within 2 km of the railway line. The land use map has been graphically represented in Figure 3.5. The land use within 2 Km is predominantly agricultural. Other main category is forest and hills (20%).

Figure 3.5 Land use Pattern within 2km around the Railway Track

103. Land use Pattern within 200m: land use on either side from the centre of the existing track has been delineated based on the strip mapping done during field survey supported by Survey of India toposheet. The land use along the project corridor is predominantly agricultural (approx.40%) and barren land (approx.18% mostly within railway right-of-way). Rest of the area is shared by forests & rocky land, settlement and water bodies. Table 3.14 provides the land use along the project rail section.

Table 3.14 : Land use within 200m along the Project Section

Land use within 200 from the centreline (excluding formation width)

Arable Approx 40% Barren land 18% Forest& hilly tract 22% Water Bodies 10% Residential & commercial and others Approx 10%

Source: Strip mapping during field survey

3.3.2.4 Power Sources and Transmission

104. Orissa is one of the highest per capita power generating states in the country. The total installed capacity for electric power generation in the State is 5751.5MW, as on March 31, 2007. Out of which thermal power contributes 3890 MW whereas, hydropower plants Generates 1861.5 MW. In the project district, Hirakud I&II is the only major hydroelectric plant. Nearly 90% of the villages in the project districts are electrified.

Land use Category % of Total Area

Agriculture Land 47

Forest Cover/Hills 20

Human Habitation & Industry 12

River & Water bodies 9

Land Under Rail track 5

Land under Road 5

Barren Land 1.5

Other 0.5


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3.3.2.5 Agriculture

105. The state has a cultivated area (net area sown + current fallow) of 6.4 million ha. as against Geographical area of 15.5 million ha. The gross cropped area is 8.4 million ha and the cropping intensity is 139%.

106. In the project districts, Kharif is the main cropping season and rice is the principal crop during kharif season. Cropping during Rabi season is mainly confined to irrigated areas. The other crops are, cotton, sugarcane, lentils, maize, wheat, potatoes, Banana etc. The highest cropping potential among project districts is in Bargarh due to its favourable geological set-up followed by Sambalpur and Sonepur. Balangir being in the rain shadow zone and lack of irrigation facilities has one of the lowest agricultural produce in the state (Table 3.15). Table 3.15 : Share of Different Crops in Orissa

Dist./ State Paddy Wheat Maize Mung Ground

Nut Potato Sugar Cane

Bargarh 5894512 3241 687 30757 112066 24408 1096475 Balangir 926040 3448 2184 9063 15412 4147 184990 Sambalpur 2360997 3633 1005 3031 990 39183 26690 Sonapur 1926766 42 47 2156 600 792 35042 Orissa 49151071 57681 423994 383457 488347 703173 7531932 Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Orissa

3.3.2.6 Minerals

107. Occupying an important position on the country's map, Orissa's rich mineral reserves constitute 28% Iron ore, 24% coal, 59% Bauxite and 98% Chromite of India's total deposits. The state's comparative advantage on this account has attracted the attention of many mining and metallurgical companies. Minerals found in project districts are mainly graphite, quartz, coal, china clay etc. A list of mines of different ore/mineral deposits in the project district is given at Table 3.16.

Table 3.16 : List of Operational Mines in the Project Districts

S.No. Districts Graphite limestone Manganese Quartz Coal China clay Total

1 Sambalpur 0 1 1 2 1 1 5 2 Balangir 67 1 1 6 0 0 75 3 Baragarh 7 2 0 0 0 1 10 Total 74 4 2 8 1 2 90

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Orissa 3.3.2.7 Tourism

108. Orissa is one of most exotic location in India having the mountain ranges to costal area with great biodiversity. Places of natural beauty are in abundance in Western Orissa. The project districts are also endowed with a number of tourist destinations varying from religious sites, heritage, wildlife and scenic spots etc. Important tourist destinations of the project districts have been listed below in Table 3.17.


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Table 3.17 : List of Important Tourist Spots in the Project Districts Project Districts Name of the Tourist Places

Balangir Balangir, Gaikhai M.I.P., Harishankar, Jogisarada, Patnagarh, Ranipur-Jharial, Saintala & Turekela.

Baragarh Baragarh, Debrigarh, Devdarha, Gaisima, Ganiapali, Nrusimhanath Papanga, Barapali & Chikhili.

Sambalpur Chipilima, Gudguda, Hirakud, Huma, Kendhara, Sambalpur & Ushakothi

Sonepur Binika (Papakshya Ghat), Chandalipat Puja Dunguri, Charada, Khaliapalli, Kotsamalai (Patali Jagannath Pitha) & Sonepur.

Source: Orissa Tourism Department 3.4. Social and Cultural Resources 3.4.1. Population and Communities

109. The total population of Orissa is 36,804,660 persons as per the results of the Census of India, 2001. The decennial growth rate of population of Orissa during 1991-01 was 16.25% as against 20.06% in the previous decade. The sex ratio in the State marginally increased from 971 in 1991 to 972 in 2001 as compared to the all India average, which increased from 927 to 933 during the same period. The density of population, which was 203 persons per sq km in 1991, increased to 236 per sq km in 2001. The urban population of 13.38% in 1991 increased to 14.47 % in 2001. The total population with rural-urban and male-female bifurcation, density and total scheduled caste and scheduled tribe population as per census of India, 2001 has been summarised for all project districts has been summarised in Table 3.18.

Table 3.18 : Demographic Profile of the State and the Project Districts

State/ District

Population % to total Population

% to Total Population

Total Density Male% Female % Rural Urban SC ST

Orissa 36,804,660 236 50.70 49.30 85.53 14.47 18.20 22.21 Sambalpur 935,613 140 50.78 49.22 73.98 26.02 17.07 35.08 Bargarh 1,346,336 231 50.62 49.38 93.12 6.88 18.44 19.56 Sonepur 541,835 231 50.86 49.14 92.86 7.14 22.11 9.5 Balangir 1,337,194 203 50.40 49.60 89.97 10.03 15.39 22.06

Source: Census of India, 2001

3.4.2. Health Facilities 110. Medical facilities in project districts are not satisfactory. Among

different districts, Bolangir has the maximum number of Ayurvedic and Homeopathic centres while PHC’s are highest in the Bargarh district. Number of community health Centre is same in Bargarh, Balangir and Sambalpur. Medical facilities in Sonapur are very poor in compare to other three districts. District wise health facilities in the project districts have been listed in Table 3.19.


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Table 3.19 : Health Facilities in the State and Project Districts

Dist. /State

Community Health Centre

Primary Health Centre

Health Centre(Mobile)

Ayurvedic Hospital

Homeopathic Health Centre

Orissa 158 54 197 533 464 Bargarh 5 42 9 18 14 Balangir 5 38 11 30 16 Sambalpur 5 29 6 13 14 Sonapur 4 17 2 12 4

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Orissa 3.4.3. Education Facilities and Literacy

111. The overall literacy rate in the state has increased to 63.1% out of which 75.3% are males and females are 50.5% as per 2001 census. Among the project districts, Sambalpur has the highest literacy rate of 67.1% followed by Bargarh (64.13%), Sonepur (64.07) and lowest in Bolangir as 54.93%. The details of educational institutes in the state and project districts have been provided in Table 3.20.

Table 3.20 : Educational Facilities in the State and Project Districts

District Primary School Middle School Secondary School Colleges Literacy % Orissa 42104 11516 6282 1367 63.1 Sambalpur 1033 262 156 31 67.1 Balangir 1933 389 205 63 54.93 Bargarh 1429 404 209 58 64.13 Sonepur 761 176 91 27 64.07

Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Orissa 3.4.4. Socio-Economic Conditions

112. As per 2001 census, the total workers in the state account for 14.27 million which is 35.73% of the total population of the state. The economy of the districts is primarily agricultural which is supported by the fact that cultivators and agricultural labourers together constitute more than 77% in all districts except Sambalpur where urban population is more than that of all other districts (Table 3.21) .

Table 3.21 : Different Category of Workers in the State and Project Districts.

State/District % of

cultivators to main workers

% of agriculture labour to main

worker

% of main worker to

population

% of total worker to total

population Orissa 44.31 17.92 32.19 37.53 Bargarh 45.94 32.56 37.02 44.30 Balangir 49.04 30.89 34.57 40.74 Sambalpur 33.88 33.26 38.12 44.08 Sonepur 48.27 34.01 36.19 44.06 Source: Census of India, 2001


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3.4.5. Current use of lands and resources for traditional purposes by Indigenous Peoples

113. Tribal population in the project area is mainly concentrated near Barapalli, Sikir, Saintala, and Negipalli and other forest areas. These populations are dependent on the forest resources both for the primary purpose such as fodder, fuel wood, housing material and for commercial purposes. They support their livelihood from forest resources by harvesting the gum & resin yielding flora species like Terminali tomentosa, Sterculia urens, Lannea cormandelica, Pterocarpus marsupium, shorea robusta. Boswellia serrata etc and collecting Kendu leaf for commercial purpose invariably in all the regions of the forests.

3.4.6. Structures or sites of historical, archaeological, paleontological, or architectural significance

114. There is no such site of significance in the close vicinity of the project area

Plate3.11: Dependence of Local people on forest


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4. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ITS MITIGATION MEASURES

115. Environmental impacts have been assessed considering present environmental setting of the project area, nature and extent of the proposed activities. Suitable approach and methodology was adopted to ascertain likely impacts both during\design & construction and operation stage. Description of all possible impact has been addressed vis-à-vis environmental components. Some of the important Impacts associated with operational aspect of the railway viz. maintenance of right-of-way, forest fires, fuel management, waste and wastewater, occupational health and safety has been separately discussed. Adequate mitigation measures have been devised to mitigate/minimise all likely environmental impacts.

4.1. Impact on Physical Environment 4.1.1. Climate and Natural Hazard

116. About 4000 trees are likely to be cut which will have minor to negligible impact on microclimate of the region.

Design and Construction Phase

117. The project is likely to have net positive contribution in GHG reduction due to gradual shift in goods transport mode from road to train.

118. There are no studies yet available about the effect of climate change on rainfall or flood pattern of the area, which makes it difficult to recommend specific climate proofing measures. .

119. The project area is draught prone. Withdrawal of ground water may further deplete the aquifers. Water logging or flood may damage the track if due consideration not given in the areas identified as low lying or in high flood risk zone like Bargarh or Sambalpur district. Incidence of traffic blockade/diversion like one due to damage of Bridge on Suktel River in August, 2006 needs to be prevented.

120. The maximum possible efforts shall be made for minimizing cutting of the trees while finalising the alignment. Compensatory tree plantation undertaken as per prevailing guidelines of State’s forest department. A minimum of 1:3 bases to be followed for tree plantation. The contractor will be responsible plant these trees or RVNL will get them planted through the forest department for which necessary cost (approximately Rs. 6000,000 @ Rs. 500 per tree) will be borne by RVNL. Besides, additional plantation shall be made in station areas and riverbanks. This will both enhance the aesthetics and useful in checking soil erosion.

Mitigation Measures

121. Ground water should be use optimally and only if its use is unavoidable. Provision of water harvesting shall also be made wherever feasible.

122. HFL levels and 100 years flood return data should be considered while designing the formation height and bridge designs. Adequate cross drainage structures shall be provided wherever incidents of


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water logging are identified like station yards during detailed project report preparation stage.

123. The doubling of existing single line will significantly reduce the load on existing road particularly in bulk freight transport resulting in reduced fuel consumption

Operation Stage

6

124. No additional climatic changes/impacts are anticipated during operation stage.

. The reduced fuel consumption will decrease the CO2 emission considerably, one of the major contributor to the global warming. As per the traffic projection 19,732,244 Million Tonnes (MT) of materials (cement, coal, fertiliser, finished steel, mineral, petroleum products etc) are likely to be transported in the very first year of operation of extra track. This would means movement of additional train (16.58 or say 17) per day.

125. Locomotive shall be well maintained to ensure its fuel efficiency and minimize CO2 emission. Plantation of additional trees will not only create additional sink for GHG (CO2) but also contribute in improving the overall environmental conditions in immediate vicinity. Adequate steps including periodic tree survival audit shall be taken to ensure survival of these trees.

Mitigation Measures

4.1.2. Air Quality

126. Air quality with respect to dust (SPM, RSPM) & gaseous emissions (SOx, NOx) may be affected for short duration in and around the construction site due to various construction activities and vehicular movement. The main activities /sources of pollutant are likely to be:


• Dust during construction of formation (rail bed) and stations, bridge and other facilities

• Dust generation from vehicular movement on unpaved roads and due to fast movement

• Dust generation from hill cutting, and ballasting operation • Dust generation due to construction materials viz earth, sand,

ballasts, cement transportation and handling viz loading, unloading, storage, & use

• Dust generation due to existing structures demolition activities and debris disposal

• Gaseous emission from construction vehicles and machinery movement

• Gaseous emissions from hot mix plants likely to be used for access road construction.

127. The dust (the suspended particulate matter) is likely to settle down within a short distance of its generation point being coarser in nature. Therefore, impact will be temporary and restricted within the closed vicinity of the construction activities.

6 With specific energy consumption of 8 and 21 tonnes of oil equivalent per million tonne kilometre haulage for the rail and road sectors respectively, the energy efficiency of both these systems is self comparable.


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128. It is important to mention that there is no habitation nearby the probable blasting sites. Air quality is likely to be affected due to dust but the same is likely to be localised. No impact is anticipated due to any other activity like crushing, sleeper manufacturing etc. since no crushing unit is either proposed under the project as ballast will be procured directly from quarry/crushing unit and readymade sleepers will be outsourced.

129. Hot mix plant is likely to be installed at 2-3 locations for few days. This will generate sulphur di-oxide, particulate matters, and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions as well as CO & un-burnt hydrocarbons in case of in efficient burning. This may affect the air quality of nearby areas especially due to emission discharge from low height stack.

• Vehicles delivering loose and fine materials like sand and fine aggregates shall be covered.

Mitigation Measures

• Loading and unloading of construction materials shall be done in covered area or provisions of water fogging arrangement may be made around these areas.

• Storage areas should be located downwind of the habitation area. • Water shall be sprayed on earthworks on a regular basis. During

and after compaction of the sub-grade, water shall be sprayed at regular intervals to prevent dust generation. Sprinkling of water on other dust prone areas and construction yard shall also be done.

• Regular maintenance of machinery and equipment. Vehicular pollution check shall be made mandatory.

• Mixing plants and asphalt (hot mix) plants shall be located at least 1 km downwind of the human settlements and that too only after receiving a No-Objection Certificate from the SPCB. Hot mix plant shall be fitted with stack of adequate height as may be prescribed by SPCB to ensure enough dispersion of exit gases.

• Ambient air quality monitoring should be carried out during construction phase. If monitored parameters are above the prescribed limit, suitable control measures must be taken.

• Water sprinkling shall be done on unpaved haulage roads. • Controlled blasting shall be done in hill cutting areas. All

explosives shall be handled as per applicable regulation. • Trees shall be planted around the construction sites as well and all

efforts shall be made to minimise cutting of existing trees around such sites.

• All requisite PPEs like helmet, face masks etc. shall be provided to the construction workers

• Diesel Generating sets shall be fitted with stack of adequate height as per regulations (Height of stack = height of the building + 0.2 √ KVA.

• Low sulphur diesel should be used in DG sets as well as machineries.


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130. Loading and unloading of material at station yards cause substantial fugitive dust generation

Operation Phase

7

131. Continued storage of minerals like iron ore and bauxite or spillages of these material on an unpaved surface of the yard and around may cause soil, ground water pollution and air (lighter particles which becomes airborne during high winds) pollution like at Hirakud Station.

. Movement of trucks at yard shall generate dust especially due to spill over and settled material at the platforms and around. However, these impacts again will be localised. Movement of diesel locomotive & locomotive condition will also generate additional emissions however, that will be minimal and vastly spread.

132. Traffic congestion at railway crossings may cause localised air pollution due to vehicle idling

133. Specific guidelines shall be formulated for material handling practices (particularly for loading and unloading) of the materials. Instruction defining precautions like:

Mitigation Measures

• Avoid practices of throwing of the bags while unloading from racks and loading to trucks.

• The spill over material shall be collected immediately after unloading and efforts shall be made for its recycle / reuse.

• Use of enclosed cars or covering of open cars used to carry minerals and grains to reduce fugitive dust emissions.

134. The unloading area shall be paved. Feasibility of mechanical sweeper and loading and unloading option may also be explored. Thick plantation shall be carried out around unloading areas to prevent spread of fugitive dusts.

135. The workers shall be provided with face masks and other Personal protective equipments (PPEs)

136. Though there is insignificant pollution from diesel locomotive movement, however following improvement measures shall be adopted to minimise air pollution and also increase energy efficiency:

• Use of low sulphur diesel, • Use of energy efficient locomotives • Optimization of the running time with efficient operation schedules.

137. The electrification is also an effective option but is costs intensive. In long run, this option shall also be explored.

138. Traffic should be regulated to avoid traffic congestion. The halt time should not be more than 15 minutes as per usual practice of railways.

7 During field visits, it was noticed that loading and unloading in the yard was being carried out without any consideration to environmental issues. Substanial dust was generating during this activity. Even workers were not wearing the face mask.


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Plate 4.1: A noise sensitive location; Khosala School near ch. Km 582.0

4.1.3. Noise and Vibration

139. Ambient noise level may increase temporarily in the close vicinity of construction activities, maintenance workshops and vehicles & earthmoving equipment. However, this increase may be negligible or marginal as source noise will be lesser or equal to the existing noise levels. The expected increase at a distance of 100 m with the source noise of 70 dB(A) is likely to be of the order of only 3 dB(A). There are only few inhabitations along the track other than stations areas.


140. Hill cutting activity shall increase impulsive noise and vibration level substantially in the nearby areas. Since probable hill cutting locations are away from inhabited areas, this impact is expected to be insignificant.

• All equipment shall be timely serviced and properly maintained to minimize its operational noise.

Mitigation Measures

• Blasting if required shall be restricted to daytime only. All the statutory laws, regulations, rules etc, pertaining to procurement, transport, storage, handling and use of explosives shall be strictly followed. Blasting shall be carried out as per pre announced scheduled which shall be also displayed in advance...

• Stationary noise making equipments shall be placed along un-inhabited stretches.

• Provision of temporary noise barrier shall be made near sensitive locations viz near Khosala School. If temporary noise barriers are not feasible then regulate construction activity and timing so as the impact intensity is minimised.

• Protection devices (earplugs or earmuffs) shall be provided to the workers operating near high noise generating machines.

• Construction equipment and machinery shall be fitted with silencers and maintained properly.

• Noise measurements should be carried out along the track to ensure the effectiveness of mitigation measures.

141. During the operational

Operation Phase

phase, train movement is the prime source of noise and vibration. The train movement will result in impulsive increase in vibration and nearby ambient noise levels. However, with limited number of train movement the impulsive noise peaks will be low and within the acceptable limits. The noise level though at nearby schools, religious place may disturbing the activities.


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• Noise barriers shall be maintained near at noise sensitive locations by multilayered plantations. Possibility may also be explored to guide the building owner for insulating the windows of the building concerned.

Mitigation Measures

• Speed limitation in vibration and noise sensitive location like hospitals, schools.

• Construct the rail line using long welded track to minimise the number of joints

4.1.4. Impact on Land and Soil 4.1.4.1 Loss of Productive Soil and Change in Land use

142. Total land requirement is 59.01 acres. Out of this, 40.262 acres is government Land, 16.234 acres is private land and 2.511 acres is under forest. Most of the government land is unproductive barren or wasteland. The agricultural land likely to be acquired in different districts is negligible compared to the net shown area of the districts (


Table 4.1). This means that project would cause negligible impact in terms of loss of agricultural produce.

Table 4.1 : Total Agricultural Land loss and Net sown Area in the Project District.

Districts Net Sown Area Total Land Likely to be Acquired in acre

% of land to be acquired to Net Sown Area

Sambalpur 148460 0. 0.06 Balangir 295457 9.839 Bargarh 285665 6.055 Need to be recalculated Sonepur 94381 0.28 Need to be recalculated Source: Land Acquisition Plan for the project and Orissa Statistical abstract, 2007

143. The land use pattern was also analysed upto 2 Km either side of the track with the use of GIS techniques. As can be seen from the land use pattern shown in Figure 4.1, that most of the area around the track is agricultural and forested. The proposed project will change the land use to the extent of agricultural land (31.76 ha) and forest land (4.81 ha) diverted to the project purposes.


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Figure 4.1 : Land Use Map (2 Km either side of the track)


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Plate 4.1: Landslide prone location near Chainage km. 565.80

144. All efforts have been made to minimize the total land acquisition while finalizing the alignment. The top soil from the productive land shall be preserved and reuse for plantation purposes. It shall also be used for embankment slop for growing vegetation to protect soil erosion.

Mitigation Measures

145. Compensatory afforestation plan shall be implemented in consultation with forest department to compensate the loss of forest cover.

4.1.4.2 Land Slides and Soil Erosion

146. Mahanadi river basin (through which the entire subproject track traverses) is known for its good erosion potential. However, it is limited to its deltaic region, which is downstream from the project area before falling in Bay of Bengal. Moreover, neither Mahanandi River nor its tributaries flow along the project corridor. They are only cutting across the railway line. The inhabited areas are also protected through protective Bunds. Therefore, no soil erosion of rail bed is anticipated.

147. Soil erosion may be anticipated temporarily during construction stage near (i) Hill cutting sections: Negipali RF (Km 652.5), Hirapur Hill (Km 664.1- Km 665.9), Matkhlai RF (Km (686.1 - 689.3) Banji RF (693.7 - 696.4), Sunadki RF Km ( 696.7 - 698.2), Hills ( 699.3 - 699.8), Bernai RF (Km 703.1-732.4), Bajtihal RF (Km 732.8 -733.6), Sagarha RF (734.7 - 735.9) (ii) Major bridge approaches: Mahanadi, Ong, Tel and Jira river crossings, (iii) wherever clearance of vegetation is required for site preparation, (iv) proposed earth stock piles locations and borrow pits areas (v) Track embankment. The intensity of soil erosion at different locations will be influenced by the lithology, topography, soil type and climatic condition (mainly rainfall) and drainage pattern.

148. Scouring and erosion of riverbank slopes is anticipated during bridge construction. Landslides vulnerable location was identified just before Mahanadi Bridge near Sambalpur (Ch. Km 565.8) where boulders from Laxmudungri hills occasionally falls and may cause road and rail accidents as well. Road and railway track run side by side along the hill at very close distances.

• Scouring protection structures shall be built at riverbank slopes. If required, the banks shall be protected by geo-textiles matting. If banks are damaged, the same shall be repaired immediately after completion of construction activity.

Mitigation Measures


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• Avoiding construction work at erosion prone location during Monsoon.

• Cross drainage structure shall be provided to maintain the natural drainage pattern.

• Provision of side drain to guide the water to natural outfalls. • Stone pitching wherever necessary. • Ballast/earth available from cutting shall be used for filling, as

construction of access road, stations and embankments. When soil is spread on slopes for permanent disposal, it shall be buttressed at the toe by retaining walls. The surface of the slope shall be stabilized as necessary, prior to seeding.

• Turfing of embankment slopes shall be done along the stretch. Provision shall be made for slope protection frames, dry stone pitching, and masonry retaining walls as may be required.

• All steep cuts in both hard rock areas and unconsolidated soil shall be flattened and benched. Retaining wall on both sides shall be provided. Shrubs shall be planted immediately in loose soil area.

• Soil erosion shall be visually checked on slopes and high embankment areas along rail during construction phase. In case soil erosion is found, suitable measures including shall be taken to control the soil erosion including bio turfing.

• Adequate engineering measures such as retaining walls shall be taken to avoid any accident anticipated at landslide vulnerable location. As a secondary preventive measure, railway line shall be secured by constructing barricades to restrict the boulders fall on the railway lines.

149. Soil near low-lying areas and near bridge approaches where unexpected rainfall may erode the embankment formation. Soil erosion condition may if borrow area are not stabilized/restored properly.

Operation Phase

• Monitoring of rehabilitation plan of borrow areas in tune with proposed rehabilitation plan as appended in Appendix 4.1

Mitigation Measures

• Regular monitoring of side-drains and cross drainage structures to check blockade.

• Periodic checking shall be carried out to assess the effectiveness of stabilization measures viz. turfing, stone pitching etc. taken during construction phase. A detailed inventorization and study to assess the location, reasons of soil erosion along the embankment during operation phase shall be taken up. Suitable strengthening measures shall be taken to prevent reoccurrence of soil erosion at existing erosion prone locations and prevent erosion at newer locations.

4.1.4.3 Borrow Areas and Quarries

150. The topography of the project area is dominated by rolling uplands consist of medium grained hard soil particularly red moorrum which is favourable for formation. Majority of earth will be borrowed from govt. wasteland and comparatively elevated and less productive privately owned farmland. All local farmers were ready to provide


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earth from their field up to certain depth on adequate compensation. However, any uncontrolled borrowing may result in loss of productive soil. During field visit instances of uncontrolled borrowing was noticed.

151. Illegal quarrying may lead to unstable soil condition. Ballast material is proposed to be procured only from existing and approved quarries in the area. Opening of new quarries is not envisaged due to the proposed project. There is no. of ballast manufacturing units in the area. The list of identified borrow areas and quarries is given in Table 2.8.

• Borrow pits shall be selected from wasteland .

Mitigation Measures

• Borrow areas should be excavated as per the intended end use by the owner. The Indian Road Congress (IRC):10-1961 guideline should be used for selection of borrow pits and amount that can be borrowed.

• Borrow areas should not be located on cultivable lands except in the situations where land owners desires to lower the level of the land. The top soil shall be preserved and depth shall be restricted to the desired level.

• No private/fertile land acquisition shall be done for borrow areas. Borrow pits shall not be selected nearby the settlement.

• Priority shall be given to the borrowing from humps/upland/mounds and lowering of agricultural fields above the general ground level. However, lowering of the agricultural fields shall be with the consent of farmer.

• The depths in borrow pits to be regulated so that the sides shall not be steeper than 25%,

• Borrow pits shall be centrally located to serve more than one site. The haulage distance from site should not be too far.

• Borrow area shall be rehabilitated. The rehabilitation option may include converting it into fishpond in consultation with landowner or community.

4.1.4.4 Compaction and Contamination of Soil

152. Soil in the adjoining productive lands beyond the RoW, haulage roads, and construction camp area may be compacted due to movement of construction vehicles, machineries and equipments. Approach road close to most of the bridge construction sites are available. However still additional land shall be required for construction camps, and workshops.

Plate 4.2 & 4.3: View of abandoned and unrehabilitated Borrow area


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153. Soil may be contaminated due to inappropriate disposal of liquid waste, (lubricating oil and fuel spills, waste oil & lubricant and vehicle/equipment washing effluent) and solid waste (fuel filters, oily rags) likely to be generated from repair and maintenance of transport vehicles, construction equipment and machinery. Soil may set contaminated due to inappropriate disposal of domestic solid waste and sewage from construction camps.

• Fuel and lubricants shall be stored at the predefined storage location. The storage area shall be paved with gentle slope to a corner and connected with a chamber to collect any spills of the oils.

Mitigation Measures

• All efforts shall be made to minimise the waste generation. Unavoidable waste shall be stored at the designated place prior to disposal. To avoid soil contamination at the wash-down and re-fuelling areas, “oil interceptors” shall be provided. Oil and grease spill and oil soaked materials are to be collected and stored in labelled containers (Labelled: WASTE OIL; and hazardous sign be displayed) and sold off to SPCB/ MoEF authorized re-refiners.

• To prevent soil compaction in the adjoining productive lands beyond the RoW, the movement of construction vehicles, machinery and equipment shall be restricted to the designated haulage route.

• Approach roads shall be designed along the barren and hard soil area to reduce the compaction induced impact on soil.

• The productive land shall be reclaimed after construction activity. • Septic tank or mobile toilets fitted with anaerobic treatment facility

shall be provided at construction camp. • Domestic solid waste at construction camp shall be segregated

into biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste. The non-biodegradable and recyclable waste shall be sold off. Biodegradable waste shall be compacted in mechanised and movable composter. Non-biodegradable and non-saleable waste shall be disposed off to authorised landfill site. If land fill site not available then burial of the waste in a secured manner shall be ensured.

154. No impact on soil is anticipated during operation phase of the project except (i) near low lying areas and near bridge, approaches where unexpected rainfall may erode the embankment formation and deterioration of borrow areas.

Operation Stage

155. Soil contamination may occur due to storage of minerals (primarily iron ore) on unpaved surface as evidenced at Hirakud Station.


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156. Monitoring of borrow areas rehabilitation plan in tune with the proposed rehabilitation plan appended as appendix 4.1.

Mitigation measures

157. Regular monitoring of side drains and cross drainage structures to check blockade.

158. Periodic checking shall be carried to assess the effectiveness of the stabilization measures viz. turfing, stone pitching etc. taken during construction phase. A detailed inventorization and study to assess the location, reasons of soil erosion along the embankment during operation phase shall be taken up. Suitable strengthening measures shall be taken to prevent reoccurrence of soil erosion at existing erosion prone locations and prevent erosion at new location.

159. The loading/unloading and storage area for iron ores shall be paved to avoid soil contamination. Fine particles of iron ores may be collected and recycled.

4.1.5. Water Resources 4.1.5.1 Groundwater

160. The proposed project can affect the ground water resources mainly due to uncontrolled extraction of groundwater for construction purpose. The ground water tables goes down during dry season to the level of 100 m at Balangir & other places.

Design and Construction Stage

161. Contamination of groundwater is not envisaged since all construction camps will have septic tanks or mobile toilets depending on the number of workers in each camp. Water will be mainly required for compaction of formation and for domestic purpose in the workers camp. The quantity of water requirement for formation is yet to be ascertained which depends mainly on the moisture content of the earth material to be used for formation. Water for construction purpose will be mainly sourced from nearby surface water body or ground. River water will be used for Sambalpur-Attabira-Godbagha section. Water will be drawn from intake wells from riverbed of Tel and Suktel River at sections near Bolangir and Titlagarh respectively. In rest of

Plate 4.4: View of environmentally unacceptable practices for handling/transportation of Iron ores near Hirakud station


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the section, deep tube wells/open dug wells will be used. Drinking and domestic water requirement for workers camp will be the arranged by the contractor but is likely to be from ground water abstraction.

162. The contractor shall arrange for water required for construction in such a way that the water availability and supply to nearby communities remain unaffected. Since most of surface water bodies go dry during summer season, it is proposed that water-harvesting structures shall be constructed at all the stations. This will serve though very limited purpose but it will demonstrate the Railways commitment for environmental protection. The check dams shall also be constructed wherever feasible and in consultation with community to reduce burden on ground water resources or augment ground Water resources.

Mitigation Measures

163. Efforts shall be made that water intensive activities are not undertaken during summer period (April, May June)

164. Groundwater will be abstracted for domestic purpose in the proposed residential colonies. Water demand during operation phase will also increase after doubling at stations. The stress on groundwater will increase at stations where water requirement is met through groundwater abstraction.

Operation Stage

165. Groundwater may get contaminated from leachate of iron ore further to subsoil due prolong storage in unpaved areas.

166. Stress on groundwater may be reduced by augmenting it through rainwater harvesting. Awareness about judicious use of water shall be made amongst the passengers, staffs and other users. Wherever, installation of harvesting structures is not technically feasible, rainwater may be collected in sumps, which can be used for various usages other than drinking and domestic purpose.

Mitigation Measures

167. Storage of iron ores shall be made at paved areas.

4.1.5.2 Surface water

168. In total 84 water bodies falls in the sub project area within 100 m either side of the track. These water bodies are either river, or canal or pond. All the rivers, canal or nala (43 numbers) are crossing the track perpendicularly and will require construction of bridge over it. The remaining water bodies are ponds with which mostly gets created during rainy season and goes dry during summer season. Some of these ponds will be affected due to construction of rail bed. Most of these tanks are used for bathing and clothes washing and other miscellaneous use. No such water bodies are used for fishing or other commercial purposes.


169. The construction of bridge may result in temporary alteration of watercourse flow and channel morphology. Since there is no significant aquatic life in these water bodies, the impact on aquatic life is considered insignificant. The piling and other construction activity and bank erosion may increase sedimentation level of the river. The


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water opening of small nala or canal may get clogged if proper planning and attention not given.

170. Construction of bridge and river training structure may increase the flow of water and cause erosion downstream. Since the single lane bridge already existing and hence, additional bridge will cause very little change in river flow velocity. Bridge construction may cause hazardous traffic situation if not controlled or regulated. The construction of bridge particularly at Mahanadi River will pose construction stage risk to workers safety due to high water in the river. Bridge may wash away, if design is not made considering likely high speed of the train, and highest water level under the bridge.

171. The piling work shall be undertaken during low flow period. Attempt to reduce number of pillars in the water stream. Bridge design shall be designed considering 100 years flow return, highest water level at bridge locations, right angle to the river flow to the extend feasible. The changes in the stream if any made during construction shall be restored to its original level. Precautions shall be made that no nala or canal is clogged. Following additional measures shall be adopted :

Mitigation Measure

• Substructure construction should be limited to the dry season and cofferdams may be constructed and utilized to lift the spoil directly out of it and carried to the riverbank for land disposal.

• The slopes of embankment leading to water bodies shall be modified suitably to restrict the contaminants entering water bodies.

• Silt fencing and/or brush barrier shall be installed for collecting sediments before letting them into the water body. Silt/sediment should be collected and stockpiled for possible reuse as surfacing of slopes where they have to be re-vegetated.

• Large construction camps shall be avoided along the alignment and located away habituated areas and water bodies. Construction labourers shall be preferable from local population. Sewage from labour camps will treat through septic tanks. No untreated sanitary wastewater shall be discharged into surface water bodies.

• Prior permission from competent authority shall be taken before drawing surface water for construction purpose.

• Water quality shall be monitored as envisaged in the Environmental Monitoring Plan.

172. Largely, no impact is anticipated during the operation phase on the surface water bodies. However, regular checks shall be done along the alignment to ensure that flow of water is maintained through cross drains and other channels to avoid their blockade/ choking. Regular monitoring of siltation shall be done.

Operation Stage

173. The diesel locomotive tends to leak used oil, which may contaminate the water of the respective canal/water bodies.


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174. Feasibility shall be established of installing collection tray under the canal bridge to prevent canal/water bodies water contamination.

Mitigation Measure

175. Maintain the river training structure and embankment to ensure that water flows is maintained.

4.2. Impact on Biological Environment 4.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology 4.2.1.1 Disturbance to Vegetation

176. There would be impact on terrestrial flora in the form of loss of vegetation cover due to tree cutting. Out of the total number of trees enumerated within 15 m (12,453), approximately 4000 trees needs to be cleared for doubling purpose. The trees along the railway tracks are mostly small to medium girth size and non-fruit bearing in nature. There are several forest areas through which the existing and proposed double line is passing through. The total acquisition in different forest areas has been estimated to be 4.81 ha. The vegetation density in affected forests is low due to scanty rainfall pattern in the area. Hence, impact on vegetation loss is anticipated to be medium to low looking at the length of doubling involved. The break-up of land acquisition in forest areas has been tabulated at Table 4.2.


Table 4.2 : Details of Acquisition in Forest areas

S. No Block- Sections Revenue Village

Chainage Km.

Name of Forest

Total Length

Area (Ha)

1 Balangir- Deogaon

Naraynpur 688 Banji RF 371.9 0.2 Raipalli 693-694 213.6 0.2

2 Badmal –Sikir Bernai 727-729 Bernai RF 1945.0 4.11 3. Sikir-Titlagarh Tulang 735 Open Forest 119.0 0.3

177. Efforts will be taken to minimise tree cutting. Efforts shall also be made to transplant the trees as much as possible. Special attention

Mitigation Measure

Plate 4.5: Leakage of used oil through Diesel Locomotives observed along the Project Corridor


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shall be taken to minimise cutting of medicinal plants if any required to be cut. Restriction shall be made to use timber wood as fuel source in construction camps. Compensatory afforestation in 1:3 trees will be done for each no. of trees likely to be cut. Additional plantation will be carried out in station areas, riverbanks and wherever, right-of way is comparatively more. Trees to be planted will be preferably native in species avoiding the monoculture practices like planting Teak or Sisoo. All tree plantations will be carried out in close consultation with forest department. Adequate horizontal distance shall be maintained between track and rows of tree on both sides to avoid any interference between passenger and trees limbs/branches/canopy during train movement.

178. The suggested plant species favourable for plantation in the area are-Shorea robusta, Mitragyna parvifolia, Hespenthusa alata, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Caryota urens, Terminalia hebula, Anogeisus latifolia, Adina cordifolia, Boswellia serrata, Lannea coromandelica, Diospyros sylvatica, Pterocarpus marsupium, Terminalia alata, Ougenia oojenesis, Papilionaceae (Fabaceae),Cleistanthus collinus, Buchanania lanzen, Callicarpa macrophylla, Cassia fistula, Terminalia arjuna, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Acacia auriculiformis, Ficus glomerata,Syzygium cuminii, Albizia procera ,Trewia nudiflora, Dalbergia sissoo, Vitex penduncularis,Mangifera indica, Saraca asoca, , Listia glutinosa, Acacia catechu, Sterculia villosa,Careya arborea ,Bombax ceiba area the economically important plant. Species which needs more water like Eucalyptus spp. should be avoided for planting

179. Obtain the forest clearance from concerned forest department. Adequate compensatory afforestation on 1:3 bases shall be taken up.

180. No direct impact is anticipated during operation stage except accidental damages or absence of proper tree management.

Operation Stage

181. Arrangement shall be made to ensure survivability of the tree plantation. The Social Forest Department or Divisional forest offices of Bolangir (East), Bolangir (West), Bargarh, Sambalpur (South) shall be consulted or involved in this programme. The tree survivability audit shall also be conducted at least once in a year to assess the effectiveness of the Programme.

Mitigation Measures

4.2.1.2 Habitat Fragmentation and Destruction

182. No fresh habitat fragmentation is envisaged during construction stage. However, minor increase in the existing fragmentation width is anticipated. This will have less impact on the fauna present in the area due to its low density. Less density of fauna implies lesser use of the railway track for crossing from either side of the already bisected reserved forests. The doubling may have minor impact in the Negipali Reserved Forest where elephant movement passage exists and doubling will increase the time taken by elephants for crossing the track.

183. Existing ground situation to be maintained.

Mitigation Measures


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4.2.1.3 Elephant Movement Passage

184. The Asian elephant, “Elephas maximus” habited in the Bolangir (east forest Areas) regularly visit8

Figure 4.2

the Barpahar/Negipali reserve forest in search of food, mineral and water. They cross the railway track between Khaliapalli and Loisinga Station as shown at and Figure 4.3 during the month of April - June. They cross the railway line either over the track or through the bridge located in this area. Doubling will increase the crossing time of the elephant over the railway track and will marginally increase the accidental9

risk..

Figure 4.2 : Movement Path of Elephants along/across the Railway line

8 The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 deals with protection of wild life, these rules don’t cover the movement of wildlife in a non protected areas. 9 No instance of Elephant death or collision is reported so far in this track


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Figure 4.3 :Movement Path of Elephants along/across the Railway line on Google Image

185. Retro-reflective type of the warning boards will be installed like the ones installed in the approaches of the elephant crossings in S.E. Railway in Goelekera- Manoharpur Section of Chakradharpur Division (Jharkhand). The photograph is shown at Figure 4.4. This Board will give warning to the drivers about the designated crossings of the elephant.

Mitigation Measures

186. Inclusion of location of such crossing in the working timetable of the section to familiarise the drivers operating in the section.

187. Provision of dedicated elephant crossing similar to one being successfully functional at Goelekera - Manoharpur rail section.

188. Make provision of fencing both side of the track on the line of fencing already existing in S.E. Railway in the Goelekera-Manoharpur section to regulate their movement at designated location. Prior approval for fencing design shall be obtained from forests department prior to its installation.

189. Construction activity should be avoided at night between April to June between Khaliapalli and Loisinga station when the movement frequency of elephant is more.

190. Set-up a proper communication system between State Forest Department and the Railways so that drivers can be informed of the presence of elephant herd in advance.

191. Install awareness boards in the nearby villages with contact details of forest officers and rangers of the area and nearby railway stationmasters.

192. Designate a nodal officer to handle elephant accident prevention and death cases.


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193. During construction period, regular awareness programme shall be organised amongst the nearby villages about “Human-elephant conflict and their role” and seek their support for advance communication regarding elephant movement either directly or through forests officers. Also, consult and advise villagers to avoid plantation of sugarcane, paddy and bamboos nearby railway track.

Figure 4.4 : Photographs of Retro-Reflective Boards placed in Goelekera- Manoharpur section


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194. With the implementation of all measures recommended in the design stage, the accident risks to the wild animals/elephants will be minimal. Other operation stage specific recommended measures are mentioned below.

Operation Stage

195. Adequate retro -reflective signboard ( as fixed in Goelekera – Manoharpur which is quite successful refer figure 4.4) to be fixed at appropriate places to caution the driver about the elephant movement passage

Mitigation Measures:

196. The communication system shall be maintained so that forest department could inform the railway stationmasters about the elephant/animal movement.

197. All locomotives passing through elephant corridor must be fitted with powerful (light) beams.

198. The speed of the train must be slowed down (preferably to 10 km per hour) when running in elephant corridor areas in between April to June specifically night time when probability of elephant movement is high.

199. Driver must be instructed for continuous hooting in elephant movement passage.

200. Train must be stopped if driver spots elephant movement near railway line.

201. Clear all the vegetative growth on 30 m width on both sides of the railway track.

4.2.1.4 Endangered Species

202. No major impact is anticipated except the Asian elephant movement disturbance. Other endangered species is low in density and remain away from areas near to the railway track. Areas nearby the track were found to be very thinly populated with the prey species like deer, wild boars etc. since they use the deeper portion of the forests. Only three schedule I (as per Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972) mammal species were reported in the area, but these are not found in the project area. The reptilian fauna and the amphibian fauna found would not be affected either during the construction of the new track in any way.

203. Driver shall be cautioned to control the speed in these forest areas to avoid any accident with animals.

Mitigation Measures

4.2.2. Aquatic Ecology 4.2.2.1 Effect on Fishing Activities/ Productivity

204. Fishing activities were recorded in two areas viz. at Saintala, which is away from the railway track and in the Sector I, Sector II of the Hirakud reservoir near to the Sambalpur town, which is maintained



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by the Orissa State Fishery Department at district level. The landing station at the Hirakud reservoir fish culture area is away from the railway track.

205. Construction of bridges over the rivers, water bodies may increase the turbidity level in the water near the construction areas temporarily. However, the water of the Hirakud reservoir and the other rivers usually remains turbid and fishes present in such water are accustomed to the turbid water. Hence, no major impact is anticipated on aquatic fauna in the project area.

• Best construction practices shall be adopted to prevent increase in situation level of the water. The construction shall be planned in a manner that construction is done away from active channel in the river.

Mitigation Measures

• Underground noise level due to pile driving for bridges shall be kept well within sustainable limit for the aquatic life.

206. No impact is envisaged during operation phase of the project and hence no mitigation proposed.

Operation Stage

4.2.2.2 Migratory Routes:

207. There is no migratory route of fishes through the rivers crossed by the railway track. However, the local movement as usual is there below the bridge over the rivers and water bodies.

4.2.2.3 Effect on Spawning and Breeding Grounds

208. Along the whole stretch of the Sambalpur-Titlagarh sub-project section; there are few breeding grounds other than the Hirakud reservoir and rivers mentioned in the Table 3.5. Most of these fish species breed between the months of April to August.


209. In the Hirakud dam also few species of fishes prefer shallow water to breed/spawn while rest breeds in deeper water of the reservoir.

210. The construction activity shall be restricted during the breeding period in the months of April-August at the breeding sites mentioned. Siltation and water contamination shall be prevented to reduce turbidity. In the riparian area of the rivers, plantation shall be done which will help in maintaining the rivers banks free from massive erosion. The tree plantation should be in parallel with the construction activities.

Mitigation Measures

211. No impact is envisaged during operation phase of the project and hence no mitigation proposed.

Operation Stage

4.3. Socio-Economic Impact 212. No negative social impact is envisaged except minor land

acquisition and establishment loss (for details refer the Social assessment report10

10 Detail social impact assessment is separterly carried our under this TA

). The proposed project will result in increased


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employment opportunities for local people during construction stage. The demographic configuration will be largely unchanged since majority of the workers will be from local area. Bottlenecks at level crossings where traffic congestion is high will be removed by providing Road over bridges. Pedestrian crossings in settlement areas will improve social interaction between communities. Accidents risks to people will be reduced to minimum by converting all unmanned level crossing to manned level crossings.

213. During operation phase of the project, significant socio-economic development will take place in the region. The proposed doubling will enhance the traffic scenario by providing high speed, safe and reliable, economical and all weather train service.

214. The present rail section provides an important link to transport minerals and ores like coal, limestone, steel, cement, alumina, Gypsum, Ferro chrome from product locations to Industries and other central distribution locations. The proposed doubling with enhanced capacity will improve investment environment for industries creating more employment opportunities to local people. Since there are numerous places of tourist attractions in and around the project districts, the doubling will increase the tourist movement in the area, which in many terms will boost the local economy.

4.4. Accident Risk and Safety

215. The following safety aspects viz. (i) safety related with handling of machines, equipments and welding of rails (ii) rail safety at road intersections and (iii) safety to cattle and other wild animals; (iv) unsafe/ hazardous traffic conditions due to construction vehicle movement need to be considered during design and construction stage.


• During the construction phase, contractors shall be required to adopt and maintain safe working practices. Usage of appropriate signage in local language at the construction sites should be displayed generously and visibly to make the travellers aware of the ongoing work. Adequate lighting and fluorescent signage shall be provided at the construction sites.

Mitigation measures

• Pedestrian passageways shall be provided near settlement on both sides.

• Underpasses in forest areas at suitable locations after detail investigation of their movement path. Forest range officers shall be consulted before finalizing the exact location of underpasses.

• All road crossings where traffic intensity is high shall be grade-separated.

• Distance between railway level crossing and nearby road intersection/level crossing shall be increased.

• Separation of two-way traffic by solid white centre lines or physical medians, and separation of slow and fast road traffic at the railway level crossing.

• Training shall be provided to workers, especially machinery operators, on safety procedures and precautions. Helmet will be required at all construction sites. PPEs must be provided to


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workers involved in welding of rails. Electrodes residual must be disposed off in a scientifically acceptable manner.

• The contractor will be required to appoint a safety officer who will conduct regular safety inspections at construction sites.

216. Important issues related with safety during operational phase are monitoring of emergencies and establishing procedures to carry out rescues during sudden disasters such as floods, fires, high winds, and accidents.

Operation phase

217. Emergency equipments will be stockpiled in stations along the alignment and personnel will be trained to serve on rescue teams. To further ensure public safety, the right-of-way close to habitation shall be fenced. Pedestrian passageways will be constructed under the raised railway embankment to allow people to cross from one side of the track to the other in populated areas. All road crossings will be grade-separated. Use of latest railway operational mechanism is recommended to avoid derailment, collisions, and other accident risks.

4.5. Impacts due to Construction Camp 218. Poor sitting and improper management of construction camp may

lead to several adverse impacts on environment viz. (i) loss of vegetation due to use of wood as fuel source for cooking (ii) deterioration in nearby surface water bodies’ quality (iii) compaction and contamination of soil due to uncontrolled disposal of solid waste (iv) unhealthy condition due to unsafe drinking water supply to labourers and discharge of sewage.

219. Construction camp shall be located considering its accessibility to all social and physical infrastructures to utilize the available resources in the region. No productive land should be utilised for setting up of construction camp. All camps should be well drained. All sites must be graded, ditched and rendered free from depressions such that water may get stagnant and become a nuisance. The living accommodation and ancillary facilities for labour shall be erected and maintained to standards and scales approved by the resident engineer. All camps should maintain minimum distance of 500 m from habitation, water bodies and through traffic route and1000m from forest areas.

Mitigation measures

220. All construction camps shall be provided sanitary latrines and urinals with provision of septic tanks attached with soak pits. Storm water drains shall be provided for the flow of used water outside the camp. Drains and ditches shall be treated with bleaching powder on a regular basis. Compliance with the relevant legislation must be strictly adhered. Garbage bins must be provided in the camp and regularly emptied and the garbage disposed off in a hygienic manner. LPG cylinders shall be provided as fuel source for cooking to avoid any tree cutting.

221. At every workplace, a readily available first-aid unit including an adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials and appliances shall be provided. Workplaces remote and far away from regular hospitals shall have indoor health units with one bed for every 250 workers. Suitable transport shall be provided to facilitate taking


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injured and ill persons to the nearest hospital. At every workplace, an ambulance containing the prescribed equipment and nursing staff shall be provided.

222. At every construction site, provision of a day crèche shall be worked out to enable women to leave behind their children. At construction sites where 20 or more women are ordinarily employed, provision shall be made for a hutment for use of children under the age of 6 years belonging to such women.

4.6. Impacts due to Proposed Residential Buildings 223. Altogether 55 quarters are proposed to be constructed to

accommodate approximately 175 persons for the likely additional requirement for staffs during operation phase of the project. The tentative locations are Sambalpur, Bargarh, Bolangir and Titlagarh. All existing facilities are already available at these stations. Since all these quarters are not located at one particular place, incremental stress on existing resources is minimal.

224. Water requirement and Sewage discharge: The total water requirement will be approximately 37 KLD. The water will be sourced through deep tube wells. The project area is neither in notified areas nor in areas notified for registration of ground water abstraction structures identified by Central Ground Water Authority. However, due to scanty rainfall pattern in area, depth to water table is depleting continuously. The additional load on groundwater resources shall be augmented by providing rainwater harvesting structures if technically feasible.

225. The total sewage generation will be approximately 30 KLD. All sewage will be treated through septic tanks. Hence, no impact on water quality is anticipated.

226. Solid waste: Total solid waste likely to be generated is estimated to be 87 Kg/day. All domestic waste shall be segregated at source into bio degradable and non-biodegradable and will be disposed to the identified solid waste dumping grounds. Feasibility of installing small bio-composter may also be explored.

227. Noise and Vibrations: All residential buildings will be safely located not to be impacted due to noise or vibration by train movement. If any such structure is within the impacted zone all such structure shall be vibration prone and with insulated windows.

228. Drainage: Adequate drainage facilities will be provided to avoid any water logging within the premises. Storm water will be allowed to rainwater harvesting pits (will be constructed if found technically feasible) and over flow will be drained though existing storm water channels.

4.7. Impact on Existing Common Property Resources/Utilities 229. There are various types of community structures/ facilities/utilities

along the proposed alignment. But very few of them are likely to be impacted. Only 30-35 permanent structures are likely to be dislocated. One dug well and 2 hand pumps need to be relocated. Shifting of telephone and electrical lines needs to be done at certain locations. The table provides the location for electrical and telephone line shifting.

Table 4.3 : Shifting Locations for Electrical and Telephone Lines


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Sr. No Km. ( EX- HWH) Distance from centre of track( in M) Left hand side Right hand side

Electrical Line 1 586.735 10.00 06.40 2 605.109 19.50 11.20 3 624.6757 04.70 16.90 4 679.379 05.80 06.00 Telephone Line 1 566.99 10.00 18.50 2 572.99 07.50/18.00 07.00/18.00 3 573.09 03.52/18.00 03.50/18.00 4 581.01 04.00 04.00 5 584.154 03.90/18.00 03.10/08.50 6 587.795 11.00 13.00 7 592.29 05.70/20.00 05.70/16.00 8 595.4 04.00 04.30 9 602.64 03.80/22.00 03.80/14.80 10 605.84 02.30 09.50 11 570.5 04.00 04.00 12 635.04 03.50 03.50 13 649.28 09.50 09.50 14 651.27 07.80/15.00 13.00/30.00 15 679.42 07.50 18.00 16 680.18 08.00 08.00 17 700.48 03.50 04.50 18 710.67 02.90/25.00 02.80/36.00 19 724.8 08.50 08.50 20 734.66 03.80/21.00 03.80/70.00 21 743.7 04.00/19.40 04.00/32.00 22 744.1 03.40/13.80 07.70/14.00

230. Geometric adjustment has been done while finalizing the alignment to minimize the loss to any such facilities. Any such structures even falling within RoW but out of required formation width shall be saved. Alternate access has to be provided to these structures during construction stage. All community structures likely to dismantle shall be suitably relocated. All community utilities likely to be impacted, such as sources of water, community centres, etc. shall be relocated to suitable places.

Mitigation Measures

4.8. Right-of –Way Maintenance 231. Unchecked growth of trees and plants can cover signals, fall onto

the tracks and prevent workers from getting to places of safety when trains are passing. Regular maintenance of rights-of-way to control vegetation may involve the use of mechanical methods (e.g. mowing), manual methods (e.g. hand pruning), and use of herbicides. Vegetation maintenance beyond that which is necessary for safety may remove unnecessary amounts of vegetation, resulting in the continual replacement of succession species and an increased likelihood of the establishment of invasive species. Recommended measures to prevent and control impacts from right-of-way vegetation maintenance include:

• The track area shall be kept completely clear of vegetation. From the edge of the track area to the boundary of the right-of-way, vegetation should be structured with smaller plants near the line


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and larger trees further away from the line to provide habitats for a wide variety of plants and animals.

• Native species shall be planted and invasive plant species removed.

• Railways should be designed and maintained to discourage plant growth in the track area (e.g. providing lateral barriers to plant migration and ensuring rapid drainage of the track area);

• Personnel shall be trained in herbicide application to control fast-growing vegetation within RoW.

4.9. Forest Fires 232. Uncontrolled vegetation growth and slash from routine maintenance is

left accumulated within RoW, sufficient fuel can accumulate resulting into forest fires. Mitigative measures to prevent and control risk of forest fires include:

• Monitoring of right-of-way vegetation according to fire risk; • Removal of blow down and other high-hazard fuel accumulations; • Timing of thinning, slashing, and other maintenance activities to

avoid seasons when the risk of forest fires is high; • Removal of maintenance slash or management by controlled

burning. • .Creating forest lines along the RoW • Train the maintenance persons for fire control.

.

4.10. Fuel management 233. Fuel stations above ground storage tanks, piping and filling

equipment with potential for soil and water resource contamination due to leaks and spills. Storm water falling on fuelling areas and secondary containment systems may contain oil residues from incidental releases. To avoid impact due to such activities, suggested measures are;

• Storage tanks and components shall meet international standard for structural design to avoid catastrophic failures to prevent fires/explosion.

• Storage tanks shall have appropriate secondary containment. • Secondary Containment in rail fuelling areas should be appropriate

w.r.t. size of railcar, level, curbed, sealed and draining to sump connected to spill retention area. The spill retention areas shall be equipped with an oil/water separator to allow the routine discharge of collected rainwater.

4.11. Waste Management (Solid waste, Waste Water and Hazardous Materials)

234. Solid waste are generated from trains and stations from food waste, packaging materials from retail facilities, paper, news paper and a variety of disposable food containers from train and common passenger areas. Uncontrolled disposable of these may cause pollution of land/soil, water etc.

235. Rail operations may generate sanitary wastewater primarily from passenger terminals and from passenger rail service.


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• A solid waste recycling program shall be developed depending on the existence of local facilities.

• Floor drains if any shall be connected to wastewater collection and treatment system.

• Aqueous detergent and water based paints shall be used.

4.12. Occupational Health and safety

4.12.1. Rail Operation 4.12.1.1 Train/worker accident Railway workers near rail lines are always at

risk of accidents due to moving trains. A set of mitigative measures are:

• Training workers in personal track safety procedures • Blocking train traffic on lines where maintenance is occurring. If

blocking is not feasible, use of automatic warning system shall be installed.

4.12.1.2 Noise and Vibrations

236. Crewmembers are usually exposed to higher noise levels from locomotives, rolling stocks and machinery and repeated mechanical shocks and/or vibration.

• Use of PPEs along with engineering solutions for reducing noise and vibration viz use of dampers at the seat post to reduce the vibration experienced by the operator and installation of active vibration control system for locomotive suspension, cabs or seat post.

4.12.1.3 Diesel Exhaust

237. Rail workers, including locomotive crews and workers in station rail yards and locomotive car-shops may be exposed to exhaust from diesel locomotives and other diesel engines.

• Provision of adequate ventilation in locomotive shops and other enclosed areas where diesel exhaust may get accumulated.

• Use of PPEs.

4.12.1.4 Fatigue

238. Locomotives engineers and other railway workers are often required to work irregular working hours resulting in fatigue. Fatigue, particularly of drivers, signallers, maintenance workers is critical to safe operation of railways which if not given proper attention may pose serious safety risk to workers/passengers and general public.

• Railway operators should schedule rest periods at regular intervals and during night hours, to the extent feasible, to maximize the effectiveness of rest breaks.

4.12.2. Maintenance of Rolling Stock 239. Occupational hazards typically associated with locomotive and railcar

maintenance activities may include physical, chemical, and biological hazards as well as confined space entry hazards. Physical hazards may be associated with work in proximity to moving equipment and machine safety, including work-portable tools, and electrical safety issues. Chemical hazards may include potential exposures to a variety of hazardous materials (e.g. asbestos, PCB, toxic paint, heavy metals,


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etc). Biological hazards may include potential exposures to pathogens present in sewage storage compartments. Confined spaces may include access to rail tank and grain cars during repair and maintenance.

• Use of personal protective gears (ear muffs, spectacles, hand gloves, masks, plastic shoes etc.).

Mitigation measures

• Regular checkup of working platform in workshop in order to avoid any slippage due to grease, oil

• Regular maintenance of stocks and documentation • Proper collection, storage and disposal of hazardous waste, if any • Each individuals (drivers, guards, maintenance engineers) should

understand and fully aware for its responsibilities. • Regular assessment of risk presented by wheel sets, as well as

reasonably practicable(ALARP)

4.12.3. Community Health and safety 240. The impacts associated with community health and safety is (i)

general rail safety, (ii) transport of dangerous goods, (iii) level crossing Safety and (iv) Pedestrian safety. The impacts and mitigative measures of level crossing safety and pedestrian safety have already been discussed in previous sections. The other two have been described in following paragraphs.

4.12.3.1 General Rail Operational Safety

241. Any slippage in operation may cause threat of serious injury or the potential loss of life due to train collision with other trains or road vehicle and derailment. Recommended actions to avoid any such risk are:

• Regular inspection and maintenance of the rail lines and facilities to ensure track stability and integrity in accordance with national and international track-safety standards.

• Implementation of an overall safety management program that is equivalent to in internationally recognized railway safety programs.

4.12.3.2 Transport of dangerous Goods

242. Transport of dangerous material may cause potential environmental risk due to valve leakage in pressurised and general –service tank cars or other hazardous material containers. Spills and leaks may result from improper packing and resultant load shifting during transport. Additionally, there is potential for the release of diesel during fuelling operations.

• Proper screening, acceptance and transport of dangerous goods conforming to the international standard applicable for packaging, marking and labeling of containers.

• Use of tank cars and other rolling stocks that meets the national and international standard.

Preparation of spill prevention and control and emergency preparedness and responsive plans based on an analysis of hazards, implementation of prevention and control measures.

Initial Environmental Examination for Doubling of Sambalpur-Titlagarh Rail Section Railway Investment Programme India (PPTA-4998-IND)

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5. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND GRIEVANCE

REDRESS MECHANISM

5.1. Environmental Management Plan (EMP) 243. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is prepared to facilitate

effective implementation of recommended mitigations measures with defined roles and responsibility, regulatory compliance requirements, stages of implementation with location, time frame and costs. The mitigation measures are proposed to eliminate or minimise the identified impact associated with design, construction and operation stages of the project, to acceptable level by adopting the most feasible options.

244. The EMP consists of a set of mitigation, monitoring and institutional measures to be taken during the design, construction and operation stages of the project. The EMP also includes the actions needed for implementation of these measures. The major components of the Environmental Management Plan are:

• Mitigation of potentially adverse impacts • Monitoring during project implementation and operation • Institutional Capacity Building and Training • Grievance Redress Mechanism

5.1.1. Mitigation of Potentially adverse impacts 245. The environmental management plan highlighting potential impacts,

mitigation measures, legislative requirements, time frame and institutional responsibility are given at (Appendix 5.1). It is desirable that RVNL develops an environmental guidelines focusing on effective implementation of mitigation measures suggested. The performance indicators may also be developed for assessing the effectiveness of mitigative measures.

5.1.2. Integration of EMP with Project planning, design, construction and operation

246. RVNL will review the EMP and include the proposed mitigation measures in the project design as required. AGM will ensure that The EMP requirement is included as ‘Bill of Quantity ( BOQ)’ in all bidding documents and operating contracts..In addition a budget of approximately Rs. 6,000,000.00 will be provided by RVNL for compensatory plantation of approximately 12,000 trees at the rate of Rs. 500 per tree.11

11 The final estimate for the compensatory plantation budget will be made based on the final number of trees required for cutting and the plantation rates of the respective Forestry Department.

The bidding document and contractor’s budget will include a line item for review and up-gradation of EMP. RVNL will be responsible for reviewing, approving the up-gradation of EMP as well, and ensuring that the contractors comply with the provisions of the EMP during the construction and operation stages. The EMP shall be revised in case of changes in the project design or components. The revised EMP shall also be sent to ADB for review and endorsement.


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5.1.3. Authorities and Their Responsibilities for Implementation of the EMP 247. The authorities and responsibilities for the implementation of the

environmental management plans shall be tiered based on the activity as shown at fig 5.1.

248. All the policy decisions, including incorporation of the EMP requirements shall be the responsibility of the executing authority (EA) while the RVNL-environmental field officer to be designated shall ensure that the environmental mitigation actions are implemented as per the contract document. He will also oversee the EMP implementation by the contractor. Contractor will also submit monthly compliance report to PMC and field officer. AGM will ensure that the field officer is able to effectively oversee the implementation of EMPs and monitor the progress. The EA will periodically submit the progress report highlighting the EMP implementation status to ADB.

5.1.4. Social development program 249. A separate social impact assessment study has been undertaken and

social development programme is addressed as per SIA. The various social impacts having significant impact on agriculture, community facilities are considered under this EMP.

5.1.5. Contingency Response Plan 250. Field study, public consultation, and consultant’s experience reveal

that this project may have only one environmental emergency i.e. accidents of train movements particularly accident of goods train full of hazardous materials (like petroleum, chemicals) etc.

251. Railways have well established response systems to deal with such eventualities. It is suggested that the training, effectiveness, and regular up-gradation of these practices may be documented and included in the environmental guidelines to be developed for ready reference. Guidelines shall also include situation pertaining to train animal conflict management. The project authorities (Indian Railways) should ensure accidental spill management either by developing in-house capabilities or by associating with any competent third party.

5.1.6. Environmental Monitoring Program (EMoP) 252. The environmental monitoring programme is prepared with aim to

monitor the environmental performance of environmental management plan. The EMOP is planned with the focus on following objectives:

• To the assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed

• To assess the change in environmental quality during construction and operation stage with respect to pre project scenario.

• To assess compliance to regulatory requirements

• To monitor the status of corrective action taken in case of deviation from the planned measures or regulatory requirements.

253. The Environmental Monitoring schedule is prepared based on the environmental components that may be affected during the construction and operation phases of the project and provides monitoring schedule for wildlife, fisheries, cropping pattern, soil erosion, drainage congestion, tree plantation, air quality, noise &


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vibration. The monitoring plan defining the parameters to be monitored, with sampling locations, frequency of measurements, cost and responsibility for various component of environment is prepared for all stages of project and provided as Appendix 5.3.

254. Tree plantation and its survival will be an important monitoring activity. The 70% survival rate of re-plantation will be monitored on the first year of the operation phase. If the survival rate is found below 70%, survival rate monitoring shall be again taken up after 1 year. This cycle should continue until the 70% survival rate is achieved.

255. The Field Officer (Environment) will be responsible for ensuring timely monitoring of various parameters and compliance with the mitigative measure proposed through PMC and contractor. A resultant database is proposed to be maintained. Management Information Systems is also proposed to be prepared for effective flow of information between various levels and functions within RVNL and Indian Railways.

256. Field officer with the help of PMC will analyse and initiate corrective preventive action if any significant change in environmental quality is observed. He may take help of subject experts (if their help is required) to find out whether the project is responsible for change in respective environmental conditions.

5.1.7. Mechanisms for Feedback and Adjustment 257. As part of the feedback mechanism, the Field Officer(Environment)

shall monitor project compliance with the help of PMC with respect to:

• Environmental Management Plan • Applicable laws, rules and regulations

258. PMC will carry out periodic compliance assessment during construction stage and submit quarterly reports to field officer (environment) who will submit the same to AGM after due verification. PMC will also initiate immediate corrective – preventive action in case of any deviation with planned measures. Railways Authorities will be responsible for operation phase compliances. The compliance review shall be carried out once in quarter in first year and twice in six months in subsequent years.

259. Public involvement shall be encouraged and ensured throughout the lifecycle of the project. The field officer (Env) will maintain record of public concern or suggestion and keep higher management updated about the same. If required, PMC in consultation with RVNL will make necessary adjustments in implementation plan and actions to address the public concern. .

5.2. Institutional Arrangement 260. RVNL, the executive agency, is a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) of

GOI having a lean organizational set-up comparing to its mandate. RVNL’s mandate is project development, resource mobilization and undertaking the projects directly or by forming Project Specific Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) or any other financing structure, which is found suitable for a particular project. The project after implementation is handed over to MoR for train operation and maintenance.


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261. RVNL implements the project through Project Management Consultants (PMC). Chief Project Manager (CPM) is the overall in charge for the project and Additional/Deputy General Manager rank officer is responsible for implementation of the project at site (acts as PIU). As such, RVNL does not have any environmental cells or officials to manage the environmental and social aspect associated with projects. It is therefore a necessity to build the environmental capacity of RVNL to effectively address the environmental aspects associated with such a project and implement as well as monitor the environmental management plan.

262. However, the higher officials are conscious of project related environmental impacts and are committed to mitigate them. It is proposed to appoint an Environmental Officer at the corporate level after due training. Five Environmental Field Officers will be appointed in each of the Project Implementation Units (PIUs) for each sub-project. These officers will coordinate with PMC for compliance to environmental requirement and will report to Additional General Manager and environment officer at corporate level. If required the environmental officer can take help of subject expert who have to be hired for solving specific problem. . The proposed organisation structure is shown at Figure 5.1.


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Chief Project Manger (RVNL)

Additional General Manager (AGM)

PIU

Contractor

Project Management Consultant

Panel of Experts • Terrestrial Flora

& Fauna • Aquatic Flora &

Fauna • Water

Management • Hydro-

Geological • Energy

Laboratory Services

Indian Railways

Field Officer (Environment)

Figure 5.1 Proposed Organisation Structure

5.2.1. Institutional Capacity Building (Training and Awareness) 263. RVNL requires enhancement in its environmental management

capacity. RVNL has a separate ADB TA for its capacity building. The environmental capacity building initiatives will be implemented through this TA itself including those suggested below for this sub project. To enhance the capacity of the RVNL officials for effective implementation of proposed mitigation measures and monitoring the resultant effect, as well as create awareness amongst workers and public, the trainings and awareness programmes is planned and is given as Table 5.1. Independent subject’s experts/consultants can be hired as resource person to impart trainings. Concerned govt. officials from forest department, pollution control board can also be invited to share their experience under these programmes.

5.3. Grievance Redress Mechanism 264. The concern/grievances from local/affected people may come up

related to inappropriate implementation of various components of EMP. These issues can be easily addressed through acknowledgement, evaluation and corrective action and response approach. To resolve grievance from publicc or stakeholders concerning the project will be directed to the concerned PIU. Firstly, it will be assessed if the grievances are genuine or suggestion is acceptable. Acordingly, response will be given within 15-30 days by the concerned PIU in consultation with field officer. In case the PIU is unable to resolve the issue, the matter will be forwarded to the Chief General Manager (projects). The corrective action will be started as per the response or action plan indicated to the stakeholder. The outcome shall also form part of quarterly report to ADB.

Environmental Officer –Corporate


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Table 5.1 : Training and Awareness Programmes S. No.

Target group Subject(s) Method Time Frame

1 All RVNL/PIU project staff and concerned PMC staff

Environmental Overview: Environmental Regulations, sub-project related provisions of various Acts, , process and methodology for IEE, EMPs and their use

Lectures cum interaction

Before beginning of the implementation of the sub-project

2 Field Officer (Env), design team, PMC and Construction Contractors’ staff

Implementation of EMPs: Basic features of an EMP, Planning, designing and execution of environmental mitigation and enhancement measures, monitoring and evaluation of environmental conditions – during construction and operation

Workshops and Seminars

Before the construction begins

3 Field Officer (Env), design team, PMC and Construction Contractors’ staff

Environmentally Sound Construction Practices: Clean construction technology, alternatives materials and techniques for construction, Waste Management and minimization in construction, pollution control devices and methods for construction sites and equipment, Environmental clauses in contract documents and their implications, protection of flora and fauna Environmental monitoring during construction, restoration of borrow areas and construction camp sites

Workshops and Site visits

Before the construction

4 PIU and PMC staff and community representatives

Monitoring Environmental Performance during Construction: Air, Water, Soil and Noise, tree survival Monitoring requirement and techniques, Evaluation and Review of results, Performance indicators and their applicability, possible corrective actions, reporting requirements and mechanisms

Lectures, Workshop and site visits

During initial phases of construction

5 -do- Long-term Environmental Issues in Project Management: Designing and implementing environmental surveys for ambient air, noise, biological and water quality surveys, data storage, retrieval and analysis, contract documents and environmental clauses, Risk assessment and management, contingency planning and management and value addition

Workshops and seminars

During implementation of the Sub-project

6 Public /contractors workers

Awareness programmes on environmental protection and measures being implemented by RVNL including wild life protection and their role in sustaining the measures taken

Workshops During construction and initial phase say 1 years of operation


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6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 6.1. Consultation Method Applied

265. The mode of consultation employed during the course of the study was informal consultation. Government officials from different departments that have relevance to the project were consulted. Local people from different socio-economic backgrounds in the villages along the alignment, passengers, and station managers were also consulted. Public consultations were held during filed visits in the month of May 2008 and August 2008.

6.2. Public Consultation Milestones 266. The different people contacted and consulted during the course of the

project are given below.

PARTICIPANTS

Project Proponents

1. Ministry of Railway, Government of India Representatives : Mr. Dimpy Garg, Director Planning (ME) Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 6/05/08

2. Rail Vikas Nigam Limited, Delhi Representatives : Mr. Ranjan Kumar Jain Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 06/05/08

3. Ministry of Railway, Government of India Representatives : Mr. D.K. Patil, Divisional Rail Manager, Sambalpur

Division Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 22/08/08

4. Rail Vikas Nigam Limited, Kolkata Division Representatives : Mr. Rana Bondopaddhai Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 22/08/08

5. Ministry of Railway, Government of India Representatives : Mr. Sarangi, Asst. Section Engineer, Eastern Coast Railways, Sambalpur Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 23/08/08

6. Ministry of Railway, Government of India Representatives : Mr. R.N. Gautam, Junior Engineer, Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting

Date : 23/08/08

7. Ministry of Railway, Government of India Representatives : Mr. I.P. Jha Senior Engineer, Eastern Coast Railway

Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 23/08/08

8. Ministry of Railway, Government of India


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Representatives : Mr. P.N. Nayak, Divisional Signal & Telecom Engineer, Eastern Coast Railway Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 23/08/08

Government Regulators

9. Office of Divisional Forest Officer, Sambalpur South Division , Govt. of Orissa Representatives : Mr. Prasanta Mishra, ACF Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 21/08/08

10. Office of Divisional Forest Officer, Balangir South Division , Govt. of Orissa

Representatives : Mr. R.K.Sahu,DFO Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 27/08/08

11. Office of Divisional Forest Officer, Bargarh Division , Govt. of Orissa Representatives : Mr.Samir Kr.Satpali,DFO Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 27/08/08

12. Office of State Pollution Control Board, Sambalpur Regional Office Representatives : Mr R.K.Saha, Regional Officer Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 26/08/08

13. Office of State Pollution Control Board, Sambalpur Regional Office Representatives : Dr.S.N.Nanda, Lab Incharge Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 26/08/08

14. Office of Regional Soil Conservation Office, Sambalpur Regional Office Representatives : Mr. Sabitri Tripathi, Soil Chemist Mode of consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 27/08/08

15. Public Works Department, NH-Division, Government of Orissa Representatives : Mr Kaivartya, Asst. Engineer, Bolangir Division Mode of Consultation : Informal Meeting

Date : 27/08/08

16. Public Works Department, NH-Division,Government of Orissa Representatives : Mr. B.K.Sahoo, Estimator, Sambalpur Division Mode of Consultation : Informal Meeting Date :27/08/08

17. Public Works Department, NH-Division,Government of Orissa Representatives : Mr. Arvindo Panda,Estimator,Sambalpur Division Mode of Consultation : Informal Meeting Date : 27/08/08

Beneficiaries

18. Local People, Village, Khaliapalli, Dist; Balangir Representative : Mr. Sudhir Pal, Farmer

Mr. Prasant Kumar, Farmer Mr. Permanent Sahu, Farmer Mr. Arjun Kumar, Farmer Mr. Ram Bihari, Farmer Mr. Makhana Dandi, Vendor Mr. Abhimanya Meher, Driver


6-3

Mr. Margasiro Jal, Farmer Mr. Ram Lal Jal, Farmer Mr. Sushil Jal Farmer

Mode of Consultation : Informal Consultation Date : 23/08/08

19. Village: Barapali, Dist.: Bolangir Representative : Mr. Mahesh Das, Pandit

Mr. Jogesh Das, Farmer Mr. Tina Behra, Farmer Mr. Satyananda Sahu, Goldsmith Mr. Golakananda Sahu, Goldsmith Mr. Vivekananda Sahu, Mechanic Mr. Punya Chandra Paik, Farmer Mr. Nakul Nag, Farmer Mr. Birendra Surya, Farmer Mr. Sarkar Pradhan, Farmer) Mode of Consultation : Informal Consultation

Date : 23/08/08

20. Village: Khemcchera, Dist. :Balangir Representative : Mr. Rabinder Sahu, Farmer

Mr. Rabindra Majhi, Farmer Mr. Devananda Majhi, Farmer Mr. Mahon Majhi, Teacher Mr. Bihari Sahu Farmer Mode of Consultation : Informal Consultation Date : 28/08/08

21. Passengers At Different Location through out the project Area Representative : Mr.Joginder Shukla, Businessman

Mr.Ashish Mahanti, Businessman Mr. Rabin Nayak, Contractor Mr.M. Khan, Sub Contractor Mr. Debanga Patra, Student Mr.Rakesh Das, Businessman Mr.Pradip Das, Teacher Mr.Padma Majhi, woodcutter Mode of Consultation : Informal Consultation Date : 19/08/08 to 29/08/08

22. Various Station Masters Representative : All the Station Masters in Project Sites


NGO’S

23. Palleswari NGO, Bolangir Representative : Mr. Shrikar Mishra, Chairman


24. Adarsh Shishu Mandir,Sambalpur Representative : Mr. Harichandra Das, Secretary


25. Sarvodaya Yuvak Sangha, Sadaipali Balangir Representative : Mr. D. Mahapatra



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26. Parivesh Sewa, Balangir

Representative : Mr. M. Mishra Mode of Consultation : Informal Consultation Date : 27/08/08

27. Group of Social And Environmental Activist, Sambalpur Representative : Mrs. Ashalata Pradhan


28. Sanjukta Yuvak Sangha,Bargarh Representative : Mr. M. Das.


29. LIGHT-NGO, Sambalpur Representative : Mr. Yuvraj Rawat


6.3. Information disclosed 267. The discussions were primarily focussed on to receiving maximum

inputs from the participants regarding their acceptability and environmental concerns arising out of the project. To begin with, they were given the brief outline of the project to which their opinion was sought. Environmental issues were discussed in depth with the government officials, NGOs and other organizations/ association representatives. However, during consultation with the villagers, passengers and other users of the existing and proposed railways facility, issues pertaining to them were mainly touched upon.

268. The local people were informed of doubling of the track proposal. Existing and likely air and noise pollution during construction and operation stage of railway line were discussed. They were consulted for the groundwater availability of the region. The location of any nearby sensitive locations like schools, hospitals, historical monuments, religious places and accident scenario including due to track crossing were also inquired into. Impact on the flora and fauna (especially wildlife) was discussed with the villagers and officers of the forest department. Suggestions were also sought for mitigating any potential adverse impact.

269. Environmental impacts due to the project and clearance requirements were discussed extensively with the officials of different government bodies as State Pollution Control Boards and forest and wildlife authorities. Interactions were held even with officials of National Highway division to know their opinion about its indirect effect on road traffic and pollution.

6.4. Compliance with Relevant Regulatory Requirements 270. In India, public consultation is mandatory only in case of Category A

and B1 projects12

12 As per schedule I of EIA notification number S.O. 1533, dated 14th September 2006. This notification also defines when a public consultation is mandatory. As per this notification railway project does not fall under the said schedule.

in select conditions. As per regulation, no public hearing is required for the proposed doubling project under the EIA Notification. However, being a category B project as per ADB Environmental Guidelines 2003, consultation was carried out during


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the early stage of IEE report preparation. The requirement of public consultation during the implementation of the project has been proposed as part of the mitigation plan.

271. Public consultation was undertaken as per the ADB requirements. All the five principles of information dissemination, information solicitation, integration, coordination and engagement into dialogue were incorporated during the task. A framework of different environmental impacts likely from the project was strengthened and modified based on opinions of all those consulted, especially in the micro level by setting up dialogues with the village people from whom information on site facts and prevailing conditions were collected.

6.5. Major Comments Received 272. The concerns of people and opinions about various environmental

issues have been summarized in the following four categories:

6.5.1. Proponents’ Comments: 273. The proponents are of the view that the proposed project activities are

not likely to cause any significant environmental impacts. However, they are appreciative of the possible impacts during the construction and operation phases of the proposed project and have shown their willingness to implement suggested mitigation measures in the IEE. The railway officials of respective sections also provided the technical information about the project with comparison to existing track and proposed doubling of the track. The issues of benefits to the public due to the proposed project were also discussed with them.

6.5.2. Beneficiaries’ Comments 274. The people in the Sambalpur-Titlagarh Stretch are concerned about

potential changes in their suburban setting, including increase in noise and air pollution. Though little high land will need to cut down as part of the project, the owners are not concerned as it will serve beneficial for their agricultural activities. In some places of this stretch, a few trees, mainly fruit trees and bamboo, exist and many of these will be cleared during construction phase. As a compensatory measure, people want similar trees to be planted and the re-plantation scheme should be managed by Social Forestry Division of the State Government.

275. As per the opinion of the people, railway service in western part of Orissa is less in comparison to the other parts. Hence, the proposed doubling of the track will sought to increase the number of passenger trains, which will ultimately help in development of the complete region. All the respondents welcomed the project anticipating improved connectivity and economic growth in area.

276. A number of informal public consultations were held with passengers as well. In all the places, respondents unanimously welcomed the project. However, they did point out concern like noise and air pollution, filling borrowing of earths from cultivable lands, accident hazards, etc. They also felt that it would be a much-awaited dream going to be happening in reality for them. On revealing proposed mitigation measures, the respondents agreed that the positive impacts of the project would surpass the negative ones.

277. The residents of the village Khemechera highlighted about the movement of elephants from Barpahar Reserve Forest to Nagipali


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Reserve Forest and then to Ghati Reserve Forest especially during the months of April and May. The people welcomed the project expecting economic development owing to the proposed project.

6.5.3. Government Regulators’ Comments 278. Consultations were carried out with various Government officials along

the project corridor. The key government regulator with respect to environment and forest related issues is forest department and Pollution control boards (PCB) in Sambalpur-Titlagarh stretch. The consultation with Orissa PCB revealed that they are aware of the need for the proposed project. However, they are apprehensive of increase in noise and air pollution levels in the area nearby Hirakud station as lots of iron ore stocks are there in the station itself. Although they raised concern over the land use change and vegetation loss but appreciated the indicative mitigation measures. Consultation with concerned state government officials indicated that the water quality of the areas is not very good. High concentrations of iron are also available in the ground water. Most of the people use deep tube well to harness drinking water. When enquired about the fishery activities, the officials confirmed that productive fishing is confined to the area nearby Hirakud Reservoir in Sector I & Sector II and major rivers in the project area.

279. Discussions with concerned forest officials, including Divisional Forest Officer of Balangir South, Divisional Forest Officer, Bargarh as well as Assistant Conservator of Forests of Sambalpur South Division. The local forests officials are supportive of doubling of the existing railway track. However, they advised for carefully working to minimise the effect of construction activities on reserved forest areas.

280. The officials also confirmed the fact that elephant movement in the Khaliapali area is of concern. Speed control in this area is the best option to prevent any accident in that area.

6.5.4. Other Stakeholders’ Comments. 281. The views given by a prominent local NGO of Balangir (Pallewasri

NGO) revealed that the proposed project is long due and would not have any significant adverse impacts. In fact they expect substantial fuel saving and time saving would result due to the project. They also did not express any concern regarding potential adverse impact on Reserve Forest due to likely increase in noise levels. They also viewed that loss of trees can be overcome by compensatory plantation in the nearby areas. The officials from the local irrigation department also provided information about flood prone areas.

282. As per the outcome of the consultation on environmental issues, it is clear that there will be positive impacts on water resources, reduction on air pollution, rehabilitation of borrow areas as agricultural fields, reduction of fuel consumption due to use of railways network for passenger movement as well as transportation of goods, and reduction in ground water depletion due to implementation of proposed rainwater harvesting measures. However, people also showed concern about the accidental safety due to un-manned crossings in the section. Also, they have raised the concern of soil erosion during the construction stage due to loosening of soil, increase in noise levels due to increase in railway traffic and flora & fauna degradation due to construction works.


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283. None of the respondents denied the need for the project. Though many of them asked for specific mitigation measures during the construction and operation phase. The proposed mitigation measures have been duly considered and incorporated in the recommended mitigation measures for the Sambalpur –Titlagarh section.

284. It is found that the project find acceptability in all groups of local people and government officials contacted provided required compensation given to those from whom land need to be acquired.

6.6. Integration of Comments into the IEE 285. During discussions, notes were taken for any issue raised and

suggestions made. References have been taken from public opinion where no official data were available for understanding of the study area characteristics. Each of the issues were then analysed for practical and scientific basis. The opinions were used for identifying impacts and developing management and monitoring plan, depending on their importance and practicality. For any significant concern, preventive or mitigative measures have been suggested drawing points from all the suggested measures.

6.7. Post IEE Public Participation and Information Disclosure As per ADB procedure, this IEE will be disclosed on ADB and EA’s website.


6-8

Plate 5. 1: Consultation Near Mahanadi river

Plate 5.2 Consultation with passengers at

Loisinga

Plate 5.3 Consultation with fisherman near Hirakud Backwater reservoir and Mahanadi

Plate 5.4 Khaliapali Area Where Elephant movement was referred by the Villagers

Plate 5.5: Consultation near Khemesara Village

Plate 5.6 Consultation with Villagers near Barapali


7-1

7. FINDINGS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 286. The project involves doubling of railway track along with the existing

alignment. The track would be of standard broad gauge of 1.676m width with the distance of 5.90 m between two tracks. Key project activities involve embankment formation, bridge constructions, up-gradation of ROBs and RUBs, construction & improvement of side drains, construction of residential accommodation and service building,

287. The project is classified as B in accordance with ADB Guidelines 2003 and SPS 09 requiring Initial Environmental Examinations. As per Indian Legislative system, no environmental clearance is required from Ministry of Environment and Forest, Govt. of India for railway project. However, other clearances like cutting of trees, or diversion of forest area would be required as applicable.

288. The IEE has been conducted between April to August 2008 in consistent to the ADB‘s environmental assessment guidelines, 2003.The report was updated as per SPS 09 in November 2010. Both primary and secondary data sources were utilized for the study supplemented by consultation with all types of stakeholders. Potential Environmental impacts were appraised Vis-à-vis project setting and proposed project activities.

7.1. Findings and Recommendations 289. The finding of IEE indicates that the project is unlikely to cause

significant adverse environmental impacts. While some of the impacts are negative, there are many bearing benefits to the area. Most of the impacts are likely to occur during construction stage and are temporary in nature. Some impacts require design considerations and are suitably addressed.

290. The alignment does not pass through any ecologically sensitive or protected areas. However, it does pass through some of the reserved forests13

• Large numbers of tree are likely to be cut. The compensatory afforestation is proposed at the ratio 1:3. Additional plantation will be done at riverbanks and wherever land is available with railways in the station areas.

. The impact from the project on these forest area is limited to the extent of minor land acquisition (4.81 ha). No archaeological protected monument either located in the project vicinity. The land use pattern around the alignment is primarily agriculture. The impact is primarily cause due to land cleaning for embankment formations, cutting of trees, transportation of construction material. These are broadly briefed in the following paragraph.

• Accidents risk is involved during both construction and operation phase. Provision of protective devices for workers and maintenance of equipments will help to avoid accident risks during construction. Provision of unmanned level crossing to manned level –crossing and underpasses near habitation and forest areas will reduce the accident risk during operation phase.

• There are locations where elephant crosses the railway line though not frequently. Provision of dedicated passage coupled

forest Sanctuaries


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with speed control measure and reflective signage at identified crossing locations are proposed

• The project section is cutting across several water bodies including rivers. Design considerations have taken into account the highest flood level of bridges and culverts. There had been no case of track inundation in the past. However, as precautionary measure no. of spans of some bridges has been increased considering the increase in water discharge. Regular checks of existing surface drainage/streams/channels shall be made to avoid any water logging/seepage to embankment.

• Soil erosion along embankment slope, cutting sections passing through loose & unconsolidated material will be prevent through turfing and pitching of embankment slopes.

• Large quantity of earth is required for the project. This will be mainly borrowed from nearby Govt. wasteland. The guidelines for borrowing of earth and its rehabilitation has been included as part of mitigation measures and management plan.

• Predominant land use along the project alignment is agricultural/open area, which helps in adequate dispersion of air emission. Baseline air quality is also good. Further, the project implementation will reduce energy consumption due to shift of transport mode for bulk traffic and passenger remarkably from road to rail thereby reducing the CGH emission as well. Hence, the air quality in the area will improve in long term.

• Noise levels only exceed the permissible limits during movement of train. This is for a very short duration. Noise sensitive locations shall be provided with solid noise barriers coupled with multilayered plantation to reduce the impact. Provision of sand pockets and compaction of embankment in Vibration prone areas will reduce the vibration to acceptable limit.

• Groundwater abstraction is required for water during construction in some sections and for residential colonies during operation stage. This will have some stress on already diminishing groundwater resources. All measures like water harvesting shall be taken to conserve and augment the groundwater resources.

291. The implementation of prescribed mitigation measures will minimize the adverse impacts. Moreover, the impacts shall be monitored continually by implementing and updating the Environmental Management plan and Environmental Monitoring Plan.

292. The project received support and consent from most of local people. The local people did not perceive any adverse impact due to the proposed project. Environmental awareness and likewise concern were found generally low. NGO’s have welcomed it for the overall development of the area and likely fuel saving due to shift of Road traffic. Even the people and NGOs has expressed that this is a much needed development for passenger movement and overall development of the area especially when the western part of the state of Orrisa is considered by them comparatively less developed.


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293. Post Environmental Assessment Surveillance and Monitoring is essential to sustain the effectiveness of the mitigative measures suggested. A detailed monitoring plan has been prepared as part of the Environmental Management Plan. The focus areas of monitoring covers air, surface water quality, ground water quality, noise, soil erosion, drainage congestion and tree survival rate. The reporting requirements along with the follow up actions in case of deviation from the norms have been detailed out as a part of EMP. The frequency has been set in consideration of the likely impacts.

7.2. Conclusions 294. The project activity does not cause any significant adverse

environmental impact. The effective implementation of environmental management plan will facilitate in minimising the environmental impact to acceptable level. However, the institutional and capacity strengthening measures shall be implemented for the same. All attempts shall be made to minimise cutting of the trees in the forest areas. The timely actions shall be needed for obtaining the permissions for cutting of trees or diversion of forestland for non-forest purposes. No additional studies or need of undertaking detailed EIA is envisaged at this stage.

295. Any major changes during detailed design or any major additional work other than the proposed project activities will require preparation of another environmental assessment. This additional assessment will have to be submitted to concerned Government authorities, if any clearance is involved. It shall also have to be sent to ADB for concurrence before civil works commence. Moreover, the executing agencies have to submit the detailed engineering designs to ADB, which will be reviewed by them and examine whether major changes or major additional works have been included.


I

Appendix 2.1 A: Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist

(Suitably modified for the use of railway Project)

SAMBALPUR-TITLAGARH

Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist

Country / Project Title: Sector Division: SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS

Project Siting Is the Project area adjacent to or within any of the following environmentally sensitive areas?

Review is based on Reconnaissance site visit

Cultural heritage site

Protected area

Few portion of rail section is passing through the reserved forests. They are Negipalli RF, (km 652-Km 654) Matkalai RF (683-690), Banji RF (Km 692-Km 694), Barnei RF (km 706-Km 710). There is no other protected area along the route. No movement of Animal is reported except at one location where elephant crosses the railway track once or twice a year. Reportedly enough ROW is available with Railways at most of the place.

Wetland

Mangrove

Estuarine

Buffer zone of protected area Special area for protecting biodiversity

Potential Environmental Impacts

IND: TA 4998

INRM – RAILWAY SECTOR IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM

Roads and Highways

• This checklist is to be prepared to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form that is to be prepared and submitted to the Chief Compliance Officer of the Regional and Sustainable Development Department.

• This checklist is to be completed with the assistance of an Environment Specialist in a Regional Department.

• This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB checklists and handbooks on (i) involuntary resettlement, (ii) indigenous peoples planning, (iii) poverty reduction, (iv) participation and (v) gender and development.

• Answer the questions assuming the without mitigation case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.


II

Will the Project cause … Encroachment on historical / cultural area; disfiguration of landscape by road embankments, cuts, fills, and quarries?

A narrow strip of embankment formation is required mostly along the existing railway track without any disfiguration of landscape. Cutting is limited to the area where line is taking detour in hard rock terrain. As per initial estimation the earth including moorum required for the project is estimated to be 6459 cum. This will be obtained from nearby areas outside RoW from wasteland/non-vegetated/non-agricultural land. No large scale quarrying at concentrated location shall be done.

Encroachment on precious ecology (e.g. sensitive or protected areas)? None. Although some diversion of

forest land is involved. Alteration of surface water hydrology of waterways crossed by railways, resulting in increased sediment in streams affected by increased soil erosion at construction site?

They are a no. of locations where track is cutting across rivers canals etc. Important are Mahanadi and its tributaries like Ong, Jira and Sukhtel. All measures shall be taken so that watercourses is not affected, and temporary soil and rock stockpiles will be designed so that runoff will not induce sedimentation of waterways.

Deterioration of surface water quality due to silt runoff and sanitary wastes from worker-based camps and chemicals used in construction?

The adequate measures for sanitary waste and silt runoff shall be taken to prevent any such condition.

Increased local air pollution due to rock crushing, cutting and filling works, and chemicals from asphalt processing?

Local air pollution level is likely to be increased for short duration during construction period particularly due to earth work. Appropriate distance from settlement area and wind direction may be taken into account to locate air polluting facility like stone crushing unit etc. if required.

Noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil works?

Blasting is involved at few locations but most of these locations are at far away from inhabited areas. Higher Noise and vibration will be mainly impulse in nature i.e during train movement. Likely increase in underwater noise level due to bridge construction (pile driving) especially on major rivers/other water body crossings expected to be below the sound pressure level that could cause fish injury and death.


III

Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people?

R&R and social issues are involved but apparently of low to medium magnitude. Actual no. of likely to be displaced can only be known after preparation of RP.

Other social concerns relating to inconveniences in living conditions in the project areas that may trigger cases of upper respiratory problems and stress?

Hazardous driving conditions where construction interferes with pre-existing roads?

Transport routes for construction vehicle shall be decided considering this aspect to avoid any hazardous driving condition. The transportation mostly will happen through existing roads.

Poor sanitation and solid waste disposal in construction camps and work sites, and possible transmission of communicable diseases from workers to local populations?

Appropriate waste management shall be adopted to prevent any such conditions.

Creation of temporary breeding habitats for mosquito vectors of disease? No such condition is anticipated

Dislocation and compulsory resettlement of people living in right-of-way?

Additional land is required particularly near bridge approaches. Actual no. of likely to be displaced can only be known after preparation of RP.

Accident risks associated with increased vehicular traffic, leading to accidental spills of toxic materials and loss of life?

Temporarily during construction Stage. Adequate measures will be provided to prevent them.

Increased noise and air pollution resulting from traffic volume?

Temporarily during construction phase. Increase in emission level due to rise in frequency of trains after doubling will be minor.

Increased risk of water pollution from oil, grease and fuel spills, and other materials from vehicles using the road?

Temporarily during construction phase. Adequate preventive measures will take to prevent such risks.

The Project is categorized as B however. As per MOEF latest EIA notification, Environmental Clearance for the project is not required However, the forest clearances and other statutory permissions/consents prior to start of construction. .


IV

Appendix 2.2 : List of Major Bridges

Sr. No.

Bridge No. Km Existing Span Proposed Span

Track Centre

(M.) Remarks

1 69 564.763 3 x 12.20m Plate Girder 3 x 12.20m PSC Girder 15.00 Mandila Jhor

2 76 567.881 25 x 30.50m Riveted Plate

Girder

26 x 30.50m PSC Girder

108.50 to

37.10 Mahanadi river

3 77 569.014 2 x 45.70m Open web Steel Girder

2 x 45.70m Open web Steel Girder 6.00 Power channel only

Girder

4 79A 571.795 1 x 9.50m R.C. Slab 1 x 40.00m PSC Girder 6.00 ROB NH 6 for 4 Lines

5 92 577.800 3 x 12.20m Rivet Plate Girder 3 x 12.20m PSC Girder 25.00 Kaliajhor

6 116 585.997 7 x 18.30 Rivet Plate Girder 7 x 18.30m PSC Girder 40.00 Jhonjhor

7 137 592.375 2 x 12.20m Rivet Plate Girder 2 x 12.20m PSC Girder 10.00 Attabira Canal

8 160 598.328 2 x 18.30+ 6 x

24.40m Riveted Plate Girder

2 x 18.30 + 6 x 24.40m PSC Girder 25.00 Danta River

9 173A 603.165 2 x 34.905m PSC Girder Provision Exist ROB N.H.-6

10 195 612.984 12 x 18.30m Plate Girder

12 x 18.30m PSC Girder 25.00 Jeera River

11 198 614.363 2 x 24.40m Plate Girder 2 x 24.40m PSC Girder 25.00 Palas Jhor

12 206 619.033 6 x 12.20m Plate Girder 6 x 12.20m PSC Girder 29.50 Baragarh Nalla

13 220 625.616 5 x 6.10m Arch 5 x 6.15m R.C. Box 15.00 Barapalli Nallah

14 235 630.452 5 x 18.30 Riveted Plate Girder 6 x 18.30m PSC Girder 25.00 Ranijhor Extra span at

Titlagarh End

15 239 631.740 2 x 30.48 Steel Through Girder

2 x 30.48m Steel Through Girder 25.00 Baragarh Canal

16 247 635.188 1 x 45.70m Steel Through Girder

1 x 45.70m Steel Through Girder 25.00 Retamunda Canal

17 293 647.794 6 x 30.48m + 9 x 45.72 Steel Open

Web Girder

6 x 30.48m + 9 x 45.72m Steel Open

Web Girder 40.00 Ong River

18 295 649.641 4 x 4.57m R.C.C. Slab 4 x 4.865m R.C. Box

19 306 A 652.531 4 x 6.10m R.C.C. Slab 4 x 6.345 R.C. Slab 10.00 RUB

20 309 654.030 4 x 4.57m R.C.C. Slab 4 x 4.865m R.C. Box 10.00

21 314 655.325 4 x 4.57m R.C.C Slab 4 x 5.03m R.C. Box 10.00 Negi Nallah

22 319 659.554 12 x 4.57m R.C.C. Slab 12 x 4.865m R.C. Box 10.00 Kalasi Jhor

23 322 661.287 7 x 4.57m R.C.C. Slab 7 x 4.865m R.C. Box 10.00 Loisingha Jhor

24 329 663.949 5 x 12.20m Riveted 6 x 12.20m PSC Girder 25.00 1 Span Extra provided


V

Plate Girder Kusum Ghai

25 331 666.558

2 x 18.3 + 1 x 15.24(Plate Girder) + 1 x 45.72 + 10 x

30.48Through Girder

2x18.30+1x15.24PSC+ 1x45.72 +10x30.48m Through Steel Girder

30.00 Suktel river

26 339 671.564 4 x 4.57m R.C.C. Slab 4 x 4.865m R.C. Box 10.00 Ongra Jhor

27 347 675.406 2 x 12.20m Riveted plate Girder 2 x 12.20 PSC Girder 15.00 Mandia Palli Nallah

28 353 677.215 3 x 12.20m

Riveted plate Girder

3 x 12.20 PSC Girder 15.00 Laxmi Jhor

29 358A 678.765 1 x 5.80m T.beam Girder 1 x 30.0m PSC Girder 5.90 ROB N.H.-224

By Pass

30 363 682.088 5 x 12.20m

Rivetted Plate Girder

5 x 12.20m PSC Girder 18.09 Bijakhaman Nallah

31 387 692.605 1 x 24.40m


1 x 24.40m PSC Girder 10.00 ROB For Two Tracks

32 392A 694.180 LEVEL Crossing JT-104 1x30mt PSC Girder 12.00 For Two Tracks

33 394A 695.620 Level Crossing JT-105 1x30mt PSC Girder 15.00 ROB For Two Tracks

34 406 700.867 10 x 30.48m Steel through Girder

10 x 30.48m Through Girder 30.00 Sonegarh River

35 420 708.111 3 x 12.20m


3 x 12.20m PSC Girder 15.00 Karli Jhor

36 423A 709.359 1 x 4.80m RCT Beam Girder 1 x 40.00m PSC Girder 7.00 ROB NH-201 Km.-

709.559

37 438 717.154

2 x 18.30 Plate + 10 x 30.48 Through

+ 5 x 12.20 Plate

Girder

2 x 18.30 PSC + 10 x 30.48 Steel +

5 x 12.20 PSC Girder 30.00 Barabailat River

38 439A 719.070 1 x 4.75m Girder for single Line 1 x 30.0m PSC Girder 10.00

CH-204230.0 (Km. 709.070) ROB MDR 40

for 2 tracks

39 463 729.589 3 x 6.10m Arch Bridge 1 x 24.40m PSC Girder 17.00 For Two Tracks

40 465 A0 731.042 L-X JT-123 1x30.00m PSC Girder 14.70 CH.-216210.0 Km.

731.050 ROB for Both track Bara Jhor

41 472 735.715 4 x 4.57m R.C.C. Slab 4 x 4.835 R.C. Box 8 Kana Jhor

42 474 736.43 12.2m Rivetted Plate Girder 2 x 6.0m. R.C Box 8 RUB MDR-40


VI

APPENDIX 2.3 : Highest Flood Level at Water Crossings

S.No Water Bodies Km. High Flood Level

(meter) Bridge No.

1 Madalia Jhor 564.485 149.991 59

2 Mahanadi River 567.881 155.091 67

3 kalia Jhor 577.8 159.065 92

4 Jhonjhon River 585.391 151.13 160

5 Danta River 598.328 157.168 195

6 Jeera River 612.984 158.463 158

7 Palasa Jhor 614.363 158.299 158

8 Bangosh Nalla 619.033 163.527 195

9 Canal 625.616 165.922 220

10 Rani Jhor 630.452 164.709 235

11 Ong River 647.794 134.8 295

12 Canal 649.641 137.62 309

13 Jhor 654.03 158.708 319

14 Jhor 659.554 154.8 319

15 KusumGhai 662.4 148.451 359

16 Suktel River 666.558 151.918 331

17 Nalla 671.564 154.342 359

18 Mandiapalli Nala 675.406 170.051 347

19 Nalla 677.215 172.895 353

20 Bijakaman Nala 682.088 182.369 363

21 canal 692.605 192.649 387

22 Sonegaeh River 700.867 165.425 406

23 Nalla 708.111 171.832 420

24 Barabalional River 717.154 176.563 438

25 Nalla 729.589 219.155 463

26 Bada Jhor 735.715 210.944 452

27 Nalla 736.434 168.2 454


VII

APPENDIX 3.1 : National Ambient Air Quality Standards

The finding[As Notified on 18th November 2009 by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in exercise of its powers conferred under Section 16(2)(h) of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (14 of 1981)].

*

Annual Arithmetic Mean of minimum 104

** 24-horly / 8-hourly values should be met 98% of the time in the year. However, 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days.

measurements in a year taken twice a week 24-hourly at uniform interval.

Note 1:

• National Ambient Air Quality Standard: The levels of air quality necessary with an adequate margin of safety, to protect the public health, vegetation and property.

• Whenever and wherever two consecutive values exceed the limit specified above for the respective category, it would be considered adequate reason to institute regular/continuous monitoring and further investigation.

• The State Government/State Board shall notify the sensitive and other areas in the respective States within a period of six months from the date of Notification of National Ambient Air Quality Standards.

• The SPM standard has been dropped in the above standards. Instead PM2.5 standard has been added.

Source: Environment Protection Rules, 1986, Schedule VII

Pollutant Time-Weighted

Concentration µg/m3 in Ambient Air

Average Industrial, residential, Rural and

other areas

Ecologically Sensitive ( notified by

central Government)

SO2 Annual*

24 hours**

50

80

20

80

NOx Annual*

24 hours**

40

80

30

80

RSPM (PM10 ) Annual*

24 hours**

60

100

60

100

RSPM (PM2.5 ) Annual*

24 hours**

40

60

40

60

Lead Annual*

24 hours**

1

1.5

0.75 1

CO 8 Hours* 10000 4000 1 Hour** 5000 2000


VIII

Appendix 3.2 : Noise Level Limits of GOI (In Leq db(A))

Area/Class Day Time (6:00 AM to 9:00 PM)

Night Time (9:00 PM to 6:00 am)

Standard Standard

Industrial 75 70

Commercial 65 55

Residential 55 45

Silence 50 40 Source: Environment Protection Rules, 1986, Schedule III


IX

APPENDIX 3.3 : Drinking Water Standards And Probable Effects on Human Health (BIS: IS: 10500, 1991)

S. No. Parameters Prescribed limits Probable effects Desirable Permissible 1 COLOUR (HAZEN UNIT) 5 25 Aesthetically undesirable. 2 ODOUR Essentially free Aesthetically undesirable. 3 TASTE Agreeable Aesthetically undesirable. 4 TURBIDITY (NTU) 5 10 Indicates pollution/ contamination.

5 pH 6.5 8.5 Affects taste, corrodes supply system.

6 HARDNESS, as CaCO3, mg/l 300 600

Causes scaling, excessive soap consumption, calcification of arteries.

7 IRON, as Fe , mg/l 0.30 1.00 Causes staining of laundry and porcelain. In traces it is essential for nutrition.

8 CHLORIDE, as Cl , mg/l 250 1000

May be injurious to heart or kidney patients. Taste, indigestion, corrosion & palatability are affected.

9 RESIDUAL CHLORINE, only when Water is chlorinated

0.20 - Excessive chlorination causes asthma, colitis & eczema

10 TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS, mg/l 500 2000

May cause gastro-intestinal irritation, corrosion and laxative effect to new users.

11 CALCIUM, as Ca, mg/l 75 200

Excessive Cause incrustation, deficiency causes rickets, essential for nervous, muscular, cardiac functions and in coagulation of blood.

12 MAGNESIUM, as Mg, mg/l 30 100

Its salts are cathartics and diuretic. Excessive may cause laxative effect; deficiency causes structural and functional changes. It is activator of many enzyme systems.

13 COPPER, as Cu, mg/l 0.05 1.50

Beneficial in human metabolism, deficiency results in nutritional anaemia in infants. Large amounts may result in liver damage, causes central nervous system irritation & depression. Enhances corrosion of Al in water supply systems.

14 SULPHATE, as SO4, mg/l 200 400

Causes gastro-intestinal irritation. Along with Mg or Na can have a cathartic effect. Concentration more than 750 mg/l may have laxative effect.

15 NITRATE, as N, mg/l 45 100

Causes infant methaemoglobinaemia, at very high concentration causes gastric cancer and effects central nervous & cardiovascular system.


X

S. No. Parameters Prescribed limits Probable effects Desirable Permissible

16 FLUORIDE, as F, mg/l 1.00 1.50 Reduces dental carries, very high concentration may cause crippling skeletal fluorosis.

17 CADMIUM, as Cd, mg/l 0.01 No relaxation

Acute toxicity may be associated with renal, arterial hypertension, itai-itai (bone disease). Cd salts cause cramps, nausea, vomiting & diarrhoea.

18 LEAD, as Pb, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation

Burning in mouth, severe inflammation of gastro-intestinal tract with vomiting and diarrhoea. Chronic toxicity produces nausea, severe abdominal pain, paralysis, mental confusion, visual disturbances, and anaemia etc.

19 ZINC, as Zn , mg/l 5 15 Essential & beneficial in human metabolism. Imparts astringent taste to water.

20 CHROMIUM, as Cr, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation Cr6+ produces lung tumours, coetaneous and nasal mucous membrane ulcers and dermatitis.

21 ARSENIC, as As, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation Causes skin damage, circulatory problems, increased risk of skin cancer.

22 ANTIMONY, as Sb, mg/l 0.006 No relaxation Raises blood cholesterol, lowers blood sugar.

23 ALUMINIUM, as Al, mg/l 0.030 0.200 Leads to neurological disorders. 24 BARIUM, as Ba, mg/l 2 No relaxation Increases blood pressure. 25 BERYLLIUM, as Be, mg/l nil 0.0002 Is carcinogenic

26 CYANIDE, as CN, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation Causes nerve damage, thyroid problem.

27 MERCURY, as Hg, mg/l 0.001 No relaxation

Neurological and renal disturbances. Excess causes gonadotoxic and mutagenic effects and disturbs the cholesterol metabolism.

28 MANGANESE, as Mn, mg/l 0.10 0.30

Essential as a cofactor in enzyme systems and metabolism processes. Excessive causes change in appetite and reduction in metabolism of iron to form haemoglobin. Imparts undesirable taste and stains plumbing fixtures and laundry.

29 SELENIUM, as Se, mg/l 0.01 No relaxation Leads to hair, finger loss, and numbness in fingers or toes, circulatory problems.

30 BORON, as B, mg/l 1.00 5.00 Affects central nervous system, salts may cause nausea, cramps, convulsions, coma, etc.

31 ALKALINITY, as CaCO3, mg/l 200 600

Imparts unpleasant taste, deleterious to humans in presence of high pH, hardness and TDS.

32 PESTICIDES, ug/l nil 0.001 Imparts toxicity, accumulates in different organs of body, and


XI

S. No. Parameters Prescribed limits Probable effects Desirable Permissible

affects immune and nervous systems. Carcinogenic.

33 PHOSPHATE, as PO4, mg/l No guideline

High concentration causes vomiting & diarrhoea stimulates secondary hyperthyroidism and bone loss.

34 SODIUM, as Na, mg/l No guideline Harmful to persons suffering from cardiac, renal & circulatory diseases.

35 POTASSIUM, as K, mg/l No guideline Essential nutrition element but excessive amount is cathartic.

36 NICKEL, as Ni , mg/l No guideline

Non-toxic element but may be carcinogenic in animals, can react with DNA resulting in DNA damage in animals.

37

PATHOGENS a)TOTAL COLIFORM No/dl b)FAECAL COLIFORM No/dl

1 10

Causes water borne diseases like coliform jaundice; Typhoid, Cholera etc. produces infections involving skin mucous membrane of eyes, ears and throat.

38

RADIOACTIVITY: -BETA PARTICLES -ALPHA PARTICLES -RADIUM

0-4 millirem/year

0-15 picocuries/year 0-05 picocuries/year

Increases risk of cancer.


XII

Appendix 3.4 : Water Quality Criteria And Standards for Freshwater

Classification (CPCB, 1979)

Characteristics A B C D E

Dissolved Oxygen (DO), mg/L, Min

6 5 4 4 -

Biological Oxygen Demand, BOD, mg/L, max

2 3 3 - -

Total Coliform organism **, MPN/100ml, Max

50 500 5000 - -

pH value 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6 – 9 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 Free Ammonia (as N), mg/L, Max

- - - 1.2 -

Electrical Conductivity, µmhos/cm, max

- - - - 2250

Sodium absorption Ratio

- - - - 26

Boron, mg/L, Max - - - - 2 A) Drinking water sources without conventional treatment but after disinfecting B) Outdoor Bathing (organized) C) Drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by disinfecting D) Propagation of wildlife, fisheries E) Irrigation, industrial cooling, controlled waste disposal


XIII

APPENDIX 3.5 : List of Mammals

Sr. No English Name Scientific name 1 Shortnosed fruitbat Cynopterus sphinx 2 Flying fox bat Pterosus quiganteus 4 Pangolin Manis crassicaudata 5 Wild dog Cuon alpinus 6 Jungle Cat Felis chaus affinus 7 Wild Boar Sus scrofa cristatus 8 Malayan Giant squirel Ratufa biclolor 9 Sloth Bear Melursus ursinus

10 Jackal Canis aures 11 The four horned antelope Tetracerus guadricornis 12 Beared sheath tailed bat Taphozous melanopogon 13 Spotted Deer Axis axis 14 Grey musk shrew Suncus murinus 15 Ratel Mellivora capensis 16 Three striped palm squirrel Funambulus palmanum 17 Five striped palm Squirrel Funambulus pennanti 18 Mouse Deer Tragulus meminna 19 Elephant Elephas maximus 20 Haeyna Hayaena hyaena 21 Porcupine Hystrix indica 22 Hare Lepus nigricicollis 23 Fox Vulpes bengalensis 24 Barking deer Muntiacus muntijack 25 Rhesus macaque Macaca mullata 26 Honuman Langur Presbytis entellus 27 Rat Rattus rattus 28 White tailed wood rat R. blanfordii 29 Small Indian mangoose Heypestes edwardsi 30 Blue bull Boselaphus tragocamelus 31 Smooth Indian otter Lutra perspicillata 32 Wolf Canis lupus 33 Toddycat Paradoxurus hermaphroditus 34 Small Indian civet Viverrcula indica 35 Sambar Cervus unicolor

Source: Forest Department, Sambalpur and Bolangir Forest Division and field studies


XIV

Appendix 3.6 : List of Reptiles

A. Lizards:

Sl No English Name Scientific Name Family

1 House Lizard Hemidactylus brooki gray Gekkonidae

2 ------------------ Cyrtodactylus nebulosus Gekkonidae

3 Rock Gecko Hemidactylus macularus Gekkonidae

4 Hemidactylus faviviridis Gekkonidae 5 Land Monitor Lizard Varanus bengalensis Varanidae 6 Land Monitor Lizard Varanus flavescens Varanidae 7 Water Monitor Lizard Varanus salvator Varanidae

B. Snakes:


1 Common Blind Snake Ramphotyphlops braminus Typhlopidae

2 Indian Python Python molurus molurus Boidae 3 Russels Earthboa Eryx conicus Boidae 4 ------------------- Enhydris enhydis Colubridae 5 ------------------- Enhydris sieboldi Colubridae 6 Copper Head Elephe helena Colubridae 7 Rat Snake Elephe radiata Colubridae 8 Checkeered Keelback Ptyas mucosus Colubridae 9 ------------------- Xenochorphis piscator Colubridae

10 King Cobra Naja naja naja Elapidae 11 Cobra Naja kauthia Elapidae 12 Russel viper Ophiophagus hannah Elapidae 13 Saw scale viper Viper russeli Viperidae

Source: Forest Department, Sambalpur and Bolangir Forest Division

Appendix 3.7 : List of Amphibians


1 Common Indian Toad Bufo melanostictus Bufonidae

2 Marbled Toad Bufo stomaticus Microhylidae

3 Marbled Baloon Frog Uperodon systoma Microhylidae


XV

4 Baloon Frog Uperodon globulosus Microhylidae

5 Ornale Microhylid Microhyla ornata Microhylidae

6 Variable Ramanella Ramanella variegate -------------

7 Skipping Frog Rana cyanophylyctis Ranidae

8 Leaping Frog Rana erytharaea Ranidae

9 Indian Bull Frog Rana tigrina Ranidae

10 Jerdon's Bull Frog Rana Crassa Ranidae

11 Fungoid Frog Rana malabarica Ranidae

12 Gunther's Warty Frog Rana keralensis Ranidae

13 Paddy- Field Frog Rana limnocharis Ranidae

14 Bowing Frog Tamopterna breviceps Ranidae

15 Tree Frog Polypedates maculatus Ranidae Source: Forest Department, Sambalpur and Bolangir Forest Division


XVI

Appendix 3.8 : List of Birds

S. No English Name Scientific Name 1 Common myna Acridotheres tristis 2 Bank Myna Acridotheres ginginianus 3 Oriental Skylark Alauda gulgula 4 Brown Cheeked Fulvetta Alcippe poioicephala 5 White Breasted Waterhen Amauronis phoenicurus 6 Asian Openbill Stork Anastomus oseitans 7 Darter Anhinga melanogaster 8 Little cormorant Phalacrocorax niger 9 Indian Cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscicollis

10 Malawar Pied Hornbill Anthrococeros coronatus 11 House Swift Apus affinis 12 Grey heron Ardea cinerea 13 Indian Pond Heron Ardeola cinerea 14 Jungle Owlet Glaucidium radiatum 15 Spotted Owlet Athene brama 16 Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis 17 Spotted bellied eagle owlet Bubo nipalensis 18 Eurasian Thick Knee Burhinus oedicnemus 19 Indian Nightjar Caprimulgus asiaticus 20 Grey Nightjar Caprimulgus indicus 21 Lesser Coucal Cencetropus bengalensis 22 Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis 23 Pied Kingfisher Cerlyle rudis 24 Goldenfronted leafbird Chloropsis aurifrons 25 Blue Winged leafbird Chloropsis cochinchinensis 26 Pied Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus 27 Chestnut Winged Cuckoo Clamator coromandus 28 Rock Pigeon Columba livia 29 Oriental Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis 30 White Rumped Shan Copsychus malabaricus 31 Indian Roller Coracias benghalensis 32 Malabar Trogon Harpactes fasciatus 33 Large-Billed Crow Corvus macrorhynchos 34 House crow Corvus splendens 35 White Browed Fantail Rhipidura aureola 36 Common Hawk Cuckoo Hierococcyx varius 37 Indian cuckoo Cuculus micropterus 38 Lesser Whistling Duck Dendrocyhna javanica 39 Fulvus Whistling Duck Dendrocygna bicolor 40 Black drongo Dicrusus macrocercus


XVII

S. No English Name Scientific Name 41 White bellied drongo Dicrusus caerulescens 42 Greater Racket tailed Drongo Dicrurus paradiseus 43 Spangled Drongo Dicrurus hottentottus 44 Lttle egret Egetta garzetta 45 Red headed bunting Emberiza bruniceps 46 Asian Koel Eudynamys scolopacea 47 Black frankolin Francolinus francolinus 48 Common snipe Gallinago gallinago 49 Painted Spurfowl Galloperodix lunulata 50 Redjungle fowl Gallus gallus 51 Grey jungle fowl Gallus sonneratii 52 Brahminy Kite Haliastur indus 53 Hill Myna Gracula religiosa 54 White throated Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis 55 Crested Tree Swift Hemiprocne coronata 56 Cinnamon bittern Ixobrychus cinnamomeus 57 Great grey shrike Lanius excubitor 58 Pallas's Gull Larus icthyaetus 59 Blackheaded Gull Lrus ridibundus 60 Black Headed Munia Lonchura malacca 61 Munia Lonchura punctulata 62 Coppersmith Barbet Megalaima haemacephala 63 Brownheaded barbet Megalaima zeylenica 64 Green bee eater Merops orientalis 65 Blue tailed bee eater Merops phillipinus 66 Black Kite Milvus migrans 67 Rufous Winged Bushlark Mirafra assamica 68 Asian Brown flycatcher Muscicapa dauurica 69 Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo 70 Purple sunbird Nectarinia astatica 71 Black Crowned night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax 72 Black headed Oriole Oriolus xanthornus 73 Common tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius 74 Eurasian scops owl Otus scoops 75 House Sparrow Passer domesticus 76 Indian Peefowl Pavo cristatus 77 Puff throated Babbler Pellorneum ruficeps 78 Jungle Bush Quail Perdicula asiatica 79 Grey headed woodpacker Picus canus 80 Pacific Golden Plover Ploceus phillipinus 81 Little Grebe Podiceps ruficollis


XVIII

S. No English Name Scientific Name 82 Rufescent Prinia Prinia rufuscens 83 Grey breasted Prinia Prinia hodgsonii 84 Rufous fronted Prinia Prinia buchanani 85 Alexandrine Parakeet Psittacula eupatria 86 Roseringed Parakeet Psittacula krameri 87 White Browed Bulbul Pycnonotus luteolus 88 Red Whishered Bulbul pyononotus jacosus 89 red Vented Bulbul Pyononotus cafer 90 Red headed vulture Sacrocogyps calvus 91 Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela 92 Changeable Hawk Eagle Spizaetus cirrhatus 93 Spotted dove Stereptopelia chinensis 94 Eurasian collared dove Stereptopelia decaocto 95 Woodsandpiper Tringa glareola 96 Green sandpiper Tringa ochropus 97 Common green Shank Tringa guttifer 98 Common babbler Turdoides caudatus 99 Rufous Babbler Turdoides subrufus 100 Large grey babbler Turdoies malcolmi 101 Barn owl Tyto alba 102 Common hoopoe Upupa epops 103 Red Wattled Lapwing Venellus indicus 104 Orange headed thrush Zoothera citrina 105 Little stint Calidris minuta 106 Temminck's Stint Calidris temminckii

Source: Forest Department, Sambalpur and Bolangir Forest Division


XIX

Appendix 3.9 : List of flora

S. No. Scientific Name Family

S. No. Scientific Name Family

A. Trees 1 Acacia auriculiformis Mimosaceae 77 Limonia acidissima Rutaceae 2 Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae 78 Garuga pinnata Burseraceae 3 Spondias pinnata Anacardiaceae 79 Glochidion lanceolarium Euphorbiaceae 4 Bahinia malbarica Caesalpiniace 80 Mallotus phillippensis Euphorbiaceae 5 Morinda pubescens Rubiaceae 81 Hymendictyon orixense Rubiaceae 6 Alanginium salviifolium Alangiaceae 82 Cleistanthus collinus Euphorbiaceae 7 Emlica officianalis Euphorbiaceae 83 Ceriscoides turgida Rubiaceae 8 Terminalia arjuna Combreataceae 84 Diospyros malabarica Ebenaceae 9 Terminalia alata Combreataceae 85 Pongamia pinnata Papilionaceae

10 Saraca asoca Caesalpiniace 86 Papilionaceae (Fabacea) Euphorbiaceae 11 Ficus religiosa Moraceae 87 Bridela retusa Longaniaceae 12 Terminalia belerica Combreataceae 88 Strychnos potatorum Ebenaceae 13 Ougenia oojenesis Papilionaceae 89 Diospyros sylvatica Ebenaceae 14 Kydia caycina Malvaceae 90 Acacia catechu Mimosaceae 15 Acacia nilotica Papilionaceae 91 Homalium nepalense Flacourtiaceae 16 Erythrina suberosa Malvaceae 92 Suregada multiflora Euphorbiaceae 17 Ficus bengalensis Moraceae 93 Strychnos nuxvomica Strychnaceae 18 Bauhinia purpurea Moraceae 94 Sterculia villosa Sterculiaceae 19 Zizyphus mauritiana Capparidaceae 95 Xylia xylocarpa Mimosaceae 20 Crateva religiosa 96 Careya arborea Lecythidaceae 21 Melia composita Meliaceae 97 Holarrhena pubesceus Apocynaceae 22 Hespenthusa alata Rutaceae 98 Schleichera oleosa Sapindaceae 23 Naringi crenulata Rutaceae 99 Symplocos racemosa Strychnaceae 24 Aegle marmelos Rutaceae 100 Madhuca indica Sapotaceae 25 Casearia tomentosa Samybaceae 101 Lannea coromandelica Anacardiaceae

26 Semecarpus anacardium Anacardiaceae 102 Antidesma acidum Euphorbiaceae

27 Chloroxylon sweitenia Meliaceae 103 Macaranga peltata Euphorbiaceae

28 Pterocarpus marsupium Papilionaceae 104 Albizia procera Mimosaceae

29 Buchanania lanzen Anacardiaceae 105 Grewia elastica Tiliaceae 30 Vitex penduncularis Verbenaceae 106 Sapindus emarginatus Sapindaceae 31 Santalum album Santalaceaeh 107 Mitragyna parvifolia Rubiaceae 32 Elaedendron glaucum Celastraceae 108 Azadirachta indica Meliaceae 33 Alstonia scholaris Apocynaceae 109 Protium serratum Burseraceae

34 Cassia siamea Caesalpiniace 110 Sterospermum chelonoides Bignonioceae


XX

B. Shrubs

1 Blepharis madseraspatensia 40 Crotalaria spectabilis Papilionaceae

35 Michelia Champaca Magnoliaceae 111 Butea monosperma Papilionaceae 36 Cassine glauca Verbenaceae 112 Erythrina variegata Papilionaceae 37 Glycosmis pentaphylla Rutaceae 113 Artocarpus heterophyllus Moraceae

38 Stereospermum angustifolum Bignonioceae 114 Trewia nudiflora Euphorbiaceae

39 Ctex peduncularis Verbenaceae 115 Firmiana colorata Sterculiaceae 40 Anogeisus latifolia Cobretaceae 116 Aphanamixis polystachya Meliaceae 41 Grewia tiliofolia Tiliaceae 117 Lagerstroemia speciosa Lythraceae 42 Gradenia latiofolia Rubiaceae 118 Ficus cunia Moraceae 43 Gradenia tiliofolia Rubiaceae 119 Polyalthia cerasoides Annonaceae 44 Ehretia laevis Boraginaceae 120 Milliusa tomentosa Annonaceae 45 Holoptelia integrifolia Ulmaceae 121 Anogeisus acuminata Moraceae 46 Plectronia didyum Rubiaceae 122 Wrightia arborea Apocynaceae

47 Albizzia procea Mimosaceae 123 Syzygium caryophyllifolium Myrtaceae

48 Dalbergia paniculata Papilionaceae 124 Drypetes roxburghii Euphorbiaceae 49 Ficus glomerata Moraceae 125 Ficus semicordata Moraceae 50 Eucalyptus spp. Mytraceae 126 Dillenia pentagyna Dilleniaceae 51 Dimorphocalyx glabellus Euphorbiaceae 127 Bursera serrata Burseraceae 52 Gmelina arborea Verbanaceae 128 Soymida febrifuga Meliaceae 53 Milliusa velutina Annonaceae 129 Tectona grandis Verbanaceae

54 Cochlospermum religiosum Bixaceae 130 Stereblus asper Moraceae

55 Albizzia oderatisima Mimosaceae 131 Moringa oleifera Moringaceae 56 Zizyphus glaberrima Rhamnaceae 132 Shorea robusta Dipterocarpaceae 57 Zizyphus xylopyna Rhamnaceae 133 Boswellia serrata Burseraceae 58 Albizia chinensis Mimosaceae 134 Caryota urens Arecaceae 59 Ailanhus excelsa Simarubaceae 135 Catunaregam spinosa Rubiaceae 60 Nyctanthes arbortristis Oleaceae 136 Callicarpa macrophylla Verbinaceae 61 Sterculia urens Sterculiaceae 137 Bombax ceiba Bombaceceae 62 Pterocarpus xylocarpum Sterculiaceae 138 Lagerstroemia parviflora Lythraceae 63 Acacia leucopholia Mimosaceae 139 Grevillea robusta Proteaceae 64 Gardenia gummiflora Rubiaceae 140 Albizia lebbek Mimosaceae 65 Diospytos montana Ebenaceae 141 Dalbergia sissoo Papilionaceae 66 Adina cordifolia Rubiaceae 142 Dalbergia latifolia Papilionaceae 67 Licuala peltata Palmaceae 143 Cassia fistula Caesalpiniaceae 68 Terminalia hebula Combreataceae 144 Borassus flabellifer Arecaceae 69 Barringtonia acutangla Barringtoniacea 145 Ficus hispida Moraceae 70 Syzygium cuminii Myrtaceae 146 Ochna obtusata Ochnaceae 71 Eugenia jambulana 147 Ixora pavetta Rubiaceae 72 Listia glutinosa Lauraceae 148 Tamarindus indica Caesalpiniaceae 73 Ficus infectoria Myrtaceae 149 Wendlandia tinctoria Rubiaceae 74 Arthocephalus lacucha Myrtaceae 150 Toona ciliata Meliaceae 75 Citrus medica Myrtaceae 151 Melia dubia Meliaceae 76 Anthocephalus chinensis Rubiaceae


XXI

2 Eranthemuym purpurascens 41 Streblus taxoides Moraceae

3 Premna hamiltoni 42 Terenna asiatica Rubiaceae 4 Permna calycina 43 Strobilanthes scaber Acanthaceae 5 Hemidesmus indicus Periplocaceae 44 Glochidion lanceolarium Euphorbiaceae 6 Vernonia aspera Asteraceae 45 Murraya paniculata Rutaceae 7 Carissa opaca Apoocynaceae 46 Ziziphus oenoplia Rhamnaceae 8 Alangium salvifolium Alangiaceae 47 Ficus tinctoria Moraceae 9 Calotropis gigantean Asclepiadaceae 48 Manikara hexandra Sapotaceae

10 Cycas circinalis Cycadaceae 49 Mimosa himalayana Mimosaceae 11 Capparis hrevispina Capparaceae 50 Pavetta crassiculis Rubiaceae 12 Eupatorium odoratum Asteraceae 51 Clerodendron viscosum Verbenaceae 13 Anona squamosa Asteraceae 52 Holarrhena pubescens Apoocynaceae 14 Symphorema polyandum Verbenaceae 53 Mimosa pudica Mimosaceae 15 Tragia involucrate Euphorbiaceae 54 Lantana camara Verbenaceae 16 Flacourtia indica Flacourtiaceae 55 Dendropthoe falcate Loranthanceae 17 Ocimum gratissimum Lamiaceae 56 Antidesmum acidum Euphorbiaceae 18 Jasmunum arborescens Oleaceae 57 Helicteres isora Steruculiaceae 19 Fioria vitifolia Malvaceae 58 Cipadessa baccifera Meliaceae 20 Leea asiatica Vitaceae 59 Ardisia salanaceae Myrsinaceae 21 Phoenix acaulis Arecaceae 60 Atalantia monophylla Rutaceae 22 Kisticia adhatoda Acanthaceae 61 Rauvolfia serpentina Apoocynaceae 23 Vitex negundo Verbenaceae 62 Oroxylum indicum Bignoniaceae 24 Solanum nigrum Solanaceae 63 Catunaregam malabarica Rubiaceae 25 Spatholoburghii Leguminoceae 64 Catunaregam nutans Rubiaceae

26 Casia obtusiflia Ceasalpiniaceae 65 Desmodiremo tringulare Papilionaceae

27 Crotolaria junceae Papilionaceae 66 Flemingia chappar Papilionaceae 28 Canthium dicoccum Rubiaceae 67 Zanthoxylum armatum Rutaceae 29 Barleria prionitis Acanthaceae 68 Colocasia esculenta Araceae 30 Woodfordia fruticosa Lythraceae 69 Asparagus recemosus Liliaceae

31 Melastoma malabathricum Melastomaceae 70 Euphorbia nivulia Euphorbiaceae

32 Nyctanthes arbortristics Oleaceae 71 Grewia helicterifolia Tilliaceae

33 Clerodendron infortunatum Verbenaceae 72 Ixora pavetta Rubiaceae

34 Indigofera cassioldes Fabaceae 73 Wndlandia tectoria Rubiaceae 35 Diospyos ferrea Ebenaceae 74 Catunarengam ulilginosa Rubiaceae 36 Gardenia gummiferra Rubiaceae 75 Ocimum sanctum Lamiaceae

37 Pogostemon benghasensis Lamiaceae 76 Bambusa mutans

38 Phulanthus reticularis Euphorbiaceae 77 Gigantchloa hasskarliana 39 Schefflera venulosa Araliaceae 78 Dendrocalamus strictus

Climbers 1 Cissampelos pareira Menispermacea 22 Pueraria tuberosa Papilionaceae 2 Hemidesmus indicus Periplocaceae 23 Dioscorea pentaphylla Dioscoreaceae 3 Combretum decandrum Combretaceae 24 Calamus guruba Arecaceae 4 Milletia extensa Papilionaceae 25 Ventilago madraspatana Rhamnaceae 5 Capparis zeylancia Capparaceae 26 Dioscorea alata Dioscoreaceae 6 Argyreia setosa Convolvulaceae 27 Calycopteris floribunda Combretaceae 7 Bauhinia roxburghiana Caesalpinaceae 28 Zizyphus oenoplia Rhamnaceae 8 Mucuna pruiens Papilionaceae 29 Dioscorea belophyla Dioscoreaceae 9 Dioscorea hispada Dioscoreaceae 30 Dioscorea puber Dioscoreaceae

10 Trichosanthes cucumerina Cucurbitaceae 31 Butea superba Papilionaceae


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11 Atylosia scarabaeoides Papilionaceae 32 Hiptagebenghalensis Melpighiacerae 12 Opilia amentacea Opiliaceae 33 Canavalia gladiata Papilionaceae

13 Tragia involurata Euphoribiaceae 34 Trichosanthes tricuspidata Cucurbitaceae

14 Butea monosperma Papilionaceae 35 Gnetum ula Gnetaceae 15 Acacia sinuata Mimosaceae 36 Smilax zeylanica Smilaceae 16 Entada rheedii Mimosaceae 37 Butea parviflora Papilionaceae 17 Milletia ariculata Papilionaceae 38 Dioscorea oppositifolia Dioscoreaceae 18 Marsdenia tenacissima Asclepiadaceae 39 Pergularia docmia Asclepiadaceae 19 Caesalpinia bigyna Caesalpinaceae 40 Calamus viminalis Arecaceae 20 Cryptolepis buchanani Periplocaceae 41 Cissus assamica Vitaceae 21 Gymnema sylvestre Asclapidaceae

Herbs 1 Achyranthes bidentata Amaranthaceae 21 Desmodium gangeticum Fabaceae 2 Ageratum conyzoides Astreraceae 22 Elephantopus scaber Astreraceae 3 Allmania nodiflora Amaranthaceae 23 Hyptis suaveolens Lamiaceae 4 Alysicarpus hamosus Amaranthaceae 24 Indigofera trita Fabaceae 5 Amberboa ramosa Astreraceae 25 Merremia umbellata Convolvulaceae 6 Ammanla baccifera Lythraceae 26 Kalanchoe pinnata Crassulaceae 7 Andrographis paniculata Acanthaceae 27 Dalzellia zeyianica Pedostemaceae 8 Anisomeles indica Lamiaceae 28 Lapidagathis fasciculata Acanthaceae 9 Argemone mexicana Papoveraceae 29 Mimosa pudica Mimosaceae

10 Aristolochia indica Aristolochiaceae 30 Musa ornata Musaceae

11 Curcuma angustifolia Zingiberaceae 31 Peucedanum nagpurenrse Apiaceae

12 Curcuma aromaticca Zingiberaceae 32 Piper longum Piperaceae 13 Canscora decussta Gentianaceae 33 Ruellia tuberosa Acanthaceae 14 Celosia argenteae Amaranthaceae 34 Solanum virginianum Solanaceae

15 Chlorophytum arudinaceum Liliaceae 35

Strachytarpheta jamaicensis Verbenaceae

16 Costus speciosus Zingiberaceae 36 Sansevieria roxburghiana Agavaceae 17 Crotolaria epunctata Fabaceae 37 Tridax procumbens Astreraceae 18 Cassia obtusifolia Caesalpinaceae 38 Triumfetta rhomboidea Tiliaceae

19 Commelina benghalensis

Commelinaceae 39 Zingiber purpureum Zingiberaceae

20 Centella asiatiaca Apiaceae

TERIDOPHYTES/FERNS

S. No Scientific Name Family S. No Scientific Name Family 1 Adiantum caudatum Adiantaceae 21 Dryopteris Cochleata Dryopteridaceae

2 Actinopteris radiatama Aciniopteridaceae 22

Eqsuisetum rammossissimum Equisetaceae

3 Adiantum philippense Adiantaceae 23 Heminotis arifolia Hemion tidaceae 4 Angiopteris evecta Angiopteridacea 24 Lygodium flexcuosum Lygodiaceae 5 Alsophila gigantean Cytheaceae 25 Macrothelyptris torresiana Thelypteridaceae 6 Alsophila spinulosa Cytheaceae 26 Marsilea quadrifolia Marsileaceae 7 Asplenium perakense Aspleniaceae 27 Microlepia speluncae Dennstaedtiaceae

8 Athyrium hohenackerianum Athyriaceae 28 Ophioglossum reticulatum Ophioglossaceae

9 Athyrium falcatum Athyriaceae 29 Paraleptochilus decurrens Polypodiceae 10 Athyrium parasnathense Athyriaceae 30 Pneumatopteris truncata Thelypteridaceae 11 Azolla pinnata Azollaceae 31 Pronephirum nudatum Thelypteridaceae 12 Blechnum orientale Blechnaceae 32 Pteris biaurita Pteridaceae 13 Bilbitis costata Lomariopsidace 33 Pteridium aquilinum Dennstaedtiaceae


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14 Bolbitis contaminans Lomariopsidace 34 Pyrrosia mollis Polypodiceae

15 Ceratopteris thalictroides Parkeriaceae 35 Selaginella nairii Salaginellaceae

16 Chielanthes tenuifolia Cheilanthaceae 36 Selaginella indica Salaginellaceae 17 Christella parasitica Thelypteridacea 37 Sphenomeris chinensis Lindsaeaceae 18 Diplazium esculentum Anthyriaceae 38 Tecteria citutaria Aspidiaceae 19 Drynaria quefolia Drynariaceae 39 Nephrolipis brisesrata Nephrolepidaceae 20 Dryopteris sparsa Dryopteridacea\


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APPENDIX 3.10 :PARTICIPATORY RURAL APPRAISAL FOR WILD LIFE MOVEMENT ASSESSMENT

The rural population are best source of information to confirm the movement of animals and elephants in their area. Resident of 61 villages located around the forest areas, probable elephant movement areas were interacted to collect information like sighting of wild animals, animal call, footmark and excreta. Information was also gathered about period and frequency of wild life/elephant movement in their area. The table below summarises the name of villages, name of respondent and outcome

Table 1: Outcomes of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) in the Study area

Sl.No. Name of the Village

Name of the Respondent (s)

No. of people interviewed

Remarks

1 Ainthapali Ramesh Padhi Chandrabhanu Murmu

3 No wildlife they have seen during last few years

2 Remed Himansu Ghadei 2 No animals sight since 4 years

3 Larpang Dolamani Pradhan 4 No Wildlife sight since years 4 Limpali Netrananda Paikray 1 Occasionally Jackals are

seen 5 Durgapali Durjyodhan Malick 2 No animals has been seen 6 Jhakarpada Ramesh Dalei 4 No wildlife sightings 7 Ekontapali Jamuna Naik

Sunita Tudu Gauri Kisku

3 Jackals are seen occasionally

8 Goshala Magiram Mallick 2 One python has been rescued last year

9 Babubandh Laxmidhar Seth 2 No wildlife sightings 10 Jogipali Dhani Samal 3 Bats, Jackals, foxes seen

occasionally 11 Nakapada Kashinath Behera 3 No wildlife sightings 12 Lahanda Basanta Sahu 4 Jackals, Bears, spotted deer

has been sighted seasonally 13 Burla Sanatan Majhi 2 Hyena, Jackals, Spotted

deer, Sambar have been sighted some time

14 Attabira Chandra Rout 4 No Wildlife sightings 15 Bargarh Diwan Samad

Bijay Kumar Das 3 No wildlife except jackals

16 Chandannagar Ashok Mallick 1 Elephants come nearby forest areas for crop raiding

17 Khaliapali Paradeshi Gauda Rajanikanta Singh Saroj Majhi Iswar Dharua

15 Elephants come seasonally to raid crops to the nearby waterhole and crossing the railway track at Khaliapalli Station. Other wildlife present in the area are the spotted deer and jackals


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Remarks

18 Hadbhanga Madhusudan Dharua 4 wildlife sightings includes deer, barking deer, wild boar, etc

19 Godbhaga Santosh Kumar Sethy 3 Seen python 3 months ago 20 Ladukhai Balunki Khandayat 5 Spotted deer, Barking deer,

etc 21 Soranda Bira Bhujabala 2 No wildlife sightings 22 Chenajuri Rabi Khuntia 3 No animals coming towards

the area 23 Rengalipali Damodar Pradhan 1 Wild boars and jackals are

seen occasionally 24 Kalapani Kanistha Pradhan 4 No wildlife except jackals 25 Bahiapadar Akhila Murmu 3 No wildlife sightings 26 Pahandi Laxman Mandal 2 No wildlife sightings in

previous years 27 Cherupali Surendra Mohapatra 2 Jackals and barking deer 28 Digsara Chandramani Naik 3 No wildlife 29 Salebhata Khamari Majhi 4 Elephant came to the area

before 5 years, after that no movement of the elephants.

30 Murshul Gadadhar Murmu 3 Bears, jackal, barking deer are in the nearest forest area.

31 Danipali Dama Majhi 2 Jungle cats and barking deer seen frequently in the forest areas crossing the road

32 Bakti Shingha Khamar 3 No wildlife sightings 33 Badmal Basudev Pradhan 2 Jackals are common in the

areas 34 Balangir Saheb Pradhan 2 No wildlife in this particular

areas 35 Asurmunda Sukant Ghadei 4 Bears, jackals and barking

deer seen occasionally 36 Bhangabahal Chandan Das 1 Jackals seen occasionally 37 Dunguripali Amulya Nayak 3 Bears, jackals, wild boars

seen occasionally 38 Rampur Magi Das 1 No wildlife sightings 39 Dhanaradadar Damodar Sahu 2 No animals sighting in these

areas 40 Lohramunda Madhu Mohanty 2 Jackals sometime seen near

forest areas 41 Sankhua Kailas Khadenga 2 No Wildlife, seasonally

migration of elephants occurs during rainy season.

42 Jharbandali Satrughna Samal 3 Bears, Jackals, Barking deer, Hyena, etc are seen occasionally in the forest areas

43 Rugudkhai Nirakar Sahu 4 44 Negipali Sushanta Mallick 5 45 Bendera Nira Kundu 3


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Remarks

46 Luhurapali Radhakanta Mohapatra

1 No wildlife sightings

47 Burda Rajani Pradhan 5 No wildlife sighted 48 Loisingha Manoj Badatia 2 Jackals seen occasionally 49 Matkhai Majhei Rout 4 Elephants visit this area

occasionally but not moving towards the railway track

50 Budhi padar Tiki Khamar 2 No such wildlife sightings 51 Fasad Chandan Naik 2 No wildlife sightings 52 Siletpada Subas Palei 1 Small mammals sometimes

seen in this area 53 Singhkhamar Tarun Singh 2 No wildlife sightings 54 Jalia Ananda Das 2 Jackals and barking deer

seen sometime 55 Basupalli Musa Barik 3 Jackals seen occasionally 56 Banjipalli Gundicha Naik 1 Jackals, bears, wild boars

seen occasionally 57 Raepalli Siba Samal 2 No wildlife seen during last

years 58 Deogaon Dibakar Naik 2 Wild boars and jackals have

seen occasionally 59 Dogaon Road Kamar Roul 2 No wildlife sightings

60 Saintala Ramakanta Sahu 3 No wildlife has seen during last years

61 Titlagarh Madhu Sudan Sahu Bhaskar Parida

2 Very rarely seen wild boars and jackals but not coming towards the railway tracks.


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APPENDIX 3.11 : ELEPHANTS’ HABITATS IN INDIA AND THEIR BEHAVIOURAL ASPECTS

Elephants have several habitats in India. They move from one habitat to another habitat mostly following a set route. Their frequently traversed route is called elephant corridor. Some time (once or twice a year), elephants move to other areas for want of food or water, normally following a defined path which is called elephant passage. This chapter enlists the elephants’ habitat areas in the country and known corridors/passages.

Elephants in Indian Sub Continent There were between 34,390 and 56,045 wild Asian elephants14

i. Northwest Indian population in the Forest Divisions of Dehradun, Bijnor and Nainital districts of Uttar Pradesh;

over 436,230 km2 area of habitat in Asia, with approximately half (17,000 – 22,000) of these found in India. However, the historical ranges of the elephants in India have shrunk and they are now confined to distinct geographical zones. Elephants were inhabited in most of the arid areas in the Indian subcontinent, having been recorded even from the dry tracts of Punjab and Saurashtra in the 4th century. Elephants once inhabited in parts of Madhya Pradesh and the Bombay region as well. They were present in Rajasthan from where they disappeared before 1885. At present, elephant are mostly found in the following five clusters in India.

ii. Southern population distributed in Western Ghats in the states of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu north of Palghat gap;

iii. Southern population in the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu south of Palghat gap;

iv. Central Indian population distributed in Southern Bihar, South Bengal and Orissa and

v. Eastern population distributed in North Bengal, Assam and other states of Eastern India.

The habitat areas of elephant in India are shown at Fig. 1. There is isolated population of elephants in northern India along the foothills of Himalayas in Uttar Pradesh. The elephants in Northeast India are distributed in fragmented habitats that extend from the Himalayas foothills to Bhutan through Northeast Bengal to the states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Mizoram, Meghalaya and Tripura. Central Indian elephant population is distributed in Orissa, Bihar and far south of West Bengal. The largest population of

14 Source the book on “The Asian Elephant: Ecology and Management” by Sukumar - distribution of Asian elephants in the continent


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elephants in Central India is in Orissa in an area of 20,000 km2 of highly fragmented deciduous forests.

Figure 1: Location of Elephant Habitats in India

Elephants in Orissa Fifteen elephant habitats have been identified in Orissa, which covers an area of 11,167 sq. km. Out of the total area only 44.4% comes under eleven, forests/protected areas. To the north of Mahanadi River, elephants are distributed in Baripada, Karanjia, Keonjhar, Bamra, Rairakhol, Anugul, Dhenkanal, Athmalik and Athagarh Forest Divisions in Orissa. To the south of the Mahanadi River, Mahendragiri, Boudh, Nayagarh, Phulbani, Baliguda, Kalahandi, Rayagada, Paralakhemundi and Ghumusar north forest divisions in Orissa also form the elephant habitats. The Kandhamal hills of Eastern Ghat extending into Phulbani, Kalahandi and Koraput districts of Orissa also harbor a sound population of elephants.

Three elephant reserves have been declared in Orissa, viz. Mayurbhanj, Mahanadi and Sambalpur along with additional proposal for two more elephant reserves namely Brahmani-Baitarani and South Orissa Elephant Reserves. The elephant habitat of north of the Mahanadi river is threatened by severe mining activities where as the southern part (about 5030 sq. km.) suffers from shifting cultivation. The other causes of human-elephant conflict include habitat encroachment, migration of elephants through their corridors, delicacy of crops and intoxication due to brewed rice and mahua flower and need of water. It has been observed that the traditional paths or the corridors of the elephants are also being changed


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Elephant Behavioural Aspects Elephants by nature are the large ranging animals. They can move more than 40 km during the night time. The herd goes on browsing different plant species while moving along the forests as well as agricultural fields. The large range helps the habitat to be regenerated during the next movement period to satisfy the natural ecosystem equilibrium. Elephants prefer a number of plant species as their food. As per a study elephants, prefer about 128 plant species belonging to Poaceae family. The presence of food plants, availability of water, and the size, structure and biotic components of the vegetation cover along the forest habitat play major role in elephant migration.

Food: Forest elephants consume much amount of plant species; even though destroys more than they are having. They feed opportunistically on certain fleshy fruits when these are available and rely upon less nutritious foods during periods of fruit scarcity. Debarking was also noticed during the movement in order to meet the mineral requirement of the species. However, elephants are tempted to leave forests areas and raid the cultivated crops whenever they find food that is more palatable. Thus, the forest having most of the food plant species and with well regenerative index is the ideal habitat for elephant migration and corridor.

Water: Elephant consumes lot of water to cater the need of the physiological metabolic activities and to regulate body temperature. In the moist forests, elephant favours tree species and fruit in the dry season due to its high aquatic content. However, the water provided by the fruits is not enough, as in this season elephants come out of the forest area in search of water. Artificial waterholes near human habitation sometimes used by the elephants that many of the time leads to the human-elephant conflict. Corridors on riverbanks have the advantage of providing drinking water for the elephants.

Forest types: The ideal habitat for the elephants is the mixed forest with a very good understory vegetation and canopy cover to hide them in the daytime. The forest areas, which have less human interventions, reduce the human elephant conflict. Most of the time, due to unavailability of the food plant species; elephants are lured to raid the agricultural field for more palatable food. The forest area with a perennial water source may be a very good habitat to sustain a viable population.

As far as the behavioural aspect is concerned, once the elephants are acquainted with a particular type of habitat with rich supplement of the food, water and security, they use that particular area continuously over the years. Any disturbances in that particular passage force the elephants to move among villages or crop fields. In order to overcome


XXX

the issue, sometimes under-passes or bridge with vegetation cover is created to restore the elephant movement. However, the elephants have used rarely that. Similarly, the vegetation passage over Rengali canal in Dhenkanal district of Orissa is not used by elephants although it was a regular corridor used by them before construction of underpass.

Elephant Corridor Vs Passages Elephant corridors: The principles of landscape ecology have defined corridors as narrow strips of lands, which differ from the matrix on either side. Corridors may be isolated strips but are usually attached to a patch of somewhat similar vegetation. Corridors have also been defined as linear patches of natural vegetation providing habitat for species that are not adapted to the surrounding habitat, as temporary use areas or a permanent part of their home ranges. “The corridors are meant to increase landscape connectivity by facilitating movement of organisms between habitat fragments and thus minimize the risk inbreeding and extinction, increase local and regional population persistence and facilitate colonization”.

Elephant Passage: Elephant passages are the routes through which they can have accessibility to the other viable forest habitat. It may be a traditional or occasional route used by the elephants. Sometimes any disturbances in the elephant passage lead the herd to choose another way, which leads to human-elephant conflict. Raiding of crop, house damage, human injury, human kill, elephant casualty are the consequences of human elephant conflict that threatened the elephants for their survival. Thus, the elephant passage may be a forest habitat, scrub forest, grassland, and agriculture field. Sometimes the elephants use the elephant passages seasonally, or annually.


XXXI

APPENDIX 3.12 :ELEPHANT CENSUS RESULTS 2010

ORISSA: ELEPHANT CENSUS RESULTS. 2010 Name of Division Male Female Unknown

Sex Young Grand Total

Berhampur 5 24 3 5 37 Ghumsur North 5 6 0 2 13 Ghumsur South 0 0 0 0 0 Parlakhemundi 2 17 0 2 21 Balliguda 3 30 0 8 41 Boudh 0 3 3 2 8 Phulbani 1 0 0 0 1 Total Berhampur Circle 16 80 6 19 121

Subarnapur 3 14 9 4 30 Bolangir 2 6 0 2 10 Kalahandi North 6 18 2 8 34 Kalahandi South 6 11 10 3 30 Khariar 0 0 0 0 0 Total Bhawanipatna Circle

17 49 21 17 104

Bonai 9 26 0 10 45 Deogarh 10 33 0 15 58 Keonjhar 9 22 0 10 41 Keonjhar WL 9 21 0 5 35 Rourkela 3 4 0 4 11 Sundargarh 8 10 0 7 25 Total Rourkela Circle 48 116 0 51 215

Chandaka WL 7 9 0 7 23 Khurda 3 2 0 1 6 Nayagarh 1 6 0 5 12 Mahanadi WL 1 4 0 2 7 Total Bhubaneswar Circle

12 21 0 15 48

0 0 0 Sambalpur South 20 34 4 19 77 Sambalpur North 3 1 0 0 4 Rairakhol 2 7 0 7 16 Bamra WL 28 85 5 34 152 Hirakud WL 0 0 0 0 0 Bargarh 0 0 0 0 0 Total Sambalpur Circle 53 127 9 60 249


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Balasore WL 18 40 0 23 81 Rairangpur 14 23 0 11 48 Karanjia 10 17 0 5 32 Baripada 3 33 0 12 48

Similipal TR Core 39 201 5 86 331

Bhadrak WL 0 0 0 0 0 Total Baripada Circle 84 314 5 137 540

Angul 11 21 1 7 40 Dhenkanal 39 91 0 27 157 Satkoshia WL 31 141 0 52 224 Athagarh 16 71 0 46 133 Cuttack 2 8 0 4 14 Athmalik 2 8 0 5 15 Total Angul Circle 101 340 1 141 583

Rayagada 0 8 0 4 12 Jeypore 0 0 0 0 0 Nawarangpur 0 0 0 0 0 Koraput 1 9 0 4 14 Total Koraput Circle 1 17 0 8 26

Orissa G.Total 332 1064 42 448 1886


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APPENDIX 4.1: GUIDELINES FOR BORROW AREAS MANAGEMENT

1. SELECTION OF BORROW AREAS Borrow areas shall be finalized either form the list of locations identified during IEE, recommended by DPR consultants or new areas identified by contractor. The finalization of locations identified DPR consultant depends upon the formal agreement between landowners and contractor. Agreement is not reached between the contractor and landowners for the identified borrow areas sites. In such cases arrangement for locating the source of supply of material for embankment and sub-grade as well as compliance to environment requirements in respect of excavation and borrow areas as stipulated from time to time by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, and local bodies, as applicable shall be the sole responsibility of the contractor.

The contractor in addition to the established practices, rules and regulation will also consider following criteria before finalizing the locations.

(1) The borrow areas should not be located in agriculture field unless unavoidable i.e. barren land is not available.

(2) The borrow pits should not be located along the roads.

(3) The loss of productive and agriculture soil should be minimum.

(4) The loss of vegetation is almost nil or minimum.

(5) Sufficient quality of soil is available.

(6) The Contractor will ensure that suitable earth is available.

2. CONTRACTOR’S RESPONSIBILITY The Contractor shall obtain representative samples from each of the identified borrow areas and have these tested at the site laboratory following a testing programme approved by the Engineer. It shall be ensured that the sub-grade material when compacted to the density requirements shall yield the design CBR value of the sub-grade. Contractor shall begin operations keeping in mind following;

(1) Haulage of material to embankments or other areas of fill shall proceed only when sufficient spreading and compaction plants is operating at the place of deposition.

(2) No excavated acceptable material other than surplus to requirements of the Contract shall be removed from the site. Contractor should be permitted to remove acceptable material from the site to suit his operational procedure, then shall make consequent deficit of material arising there from.

(3) Where the excavation reveals a combination of acceptable and un-acceptable materials, the Contractor shall, unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer, carry out the excavation in such a manner that the acceptable materials are excavated separately for use in the permanent works without contamination by the un-acceptable materials. The acceptable material shall be stockpiled separately.


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(4) The Contractor shall ensure that he does not adversely affect the stability of excavation or fills by the methods of stockpiling materials, use of plants are siting of temporary buildings or structures.

3. BORROWING FROM DIFFERENT LAND-FORMS

A. Borrow Areas located in Agricultural Lands

(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile. (ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be

stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal).

(iii) Borrowing of earth will be carried out up to a depth of 1.5m from the existing ground level.

(iv) Borrowing of earth will not be done continuously through out the stretch. (v) Ridges of not less than 8m widths will be left at intervals not exceeding

300m. (vi) Small drains will be cut through the ridges, if necessary, to facilitate

drainage. (vii) The slope of the edges will be maintained not steeper than 1:4 (vertical:

Horizontal). (viii) The depth of borrow pits will not be more than 30 cm after stripping the 15

cm topsoil aside.

B. Borrow Areas located in Elevated Lands

(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile. (ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be

stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal).

(iii) At location where private owners desire their fields to be levelled, the borrowing shall be done to a depth of not more than 1.5m or up to the level of surrounding fields

C. Borrow Areas near River side

(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile.

(ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal).

(iii) Borrow area near to any surface water body will be at least at a distance of 15m from the toe of the bank or high flood level, whichever is maximum.

D. Borrow Areas near Settlements


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(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile.

(ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal).

(iii) Borrow pit location will be located at least 0.75 km from villages and settlements. If un-avoidable, the pit will not be dug for more than 30 cm and drains will be cut to facilitate drainage.

(iv) Borrow pits located in such location will be re-developed immediately after borrowing is completed. If spoils are dumped, that will be covered with a layers of stockpiled topsoil in accordance with compliance requirements with respect MOEF/PPCB guidelines.

4. REHABILITATION OF BORROW AREAS The objective of the rehabilitation programme is to return the borrow pit sites to a safe and secure area, which the public should be able to safely enter and enjoy. Securing borrow pits in a stable condition is fundamental requirement of the rehabilitation process. This could be achieved by filling the borrow pit floor to approximately the access road level. Re-development plan shall be prepared by the Contractor before the start of work inline with the owners will require and to the satisfaction of owner. The Borrow Areas shall be rehabilitated as per following;

• Borrow pits shall be backfilled with rejected construction wastes and will be given a vegetative cover. If this is not possible, then excavation sloped will be smoothed and depression will be filled in such a way that it looks more or less like the original round surface.

• Borrow areas might be used for aquaculture in case landowner wants such development. In that case, such borrow area will be photographed after their post use restoration and Environment Expert of Supervision Consultant will certify the post use redevelopment.

The Contractor will keep record of photographs of various stages i.e., before using materials from the location (pre-project), for the period borrowing activities (construction Phase) and after rehabilitation (post development), to ascertain the pre and post borrowing status of the area.


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APPENDIX 5.1: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Environmental Issue/ Component

Remedial Measure Reference to laws and Contract

Documents

Approximate Location

Time Frame

Mitigation Cost

Institutional Responsibility

Implementation Supervision

A. Design and Construction Stage 1. Alignment

Constricted Sections along the proposed alignment

• Minimize interference to, human settlements,

•

Design requirement

Switch over of alignment Km 570-Km 572, Near Khosla School Km 583, Km 603& Km 678, Km 676, Km 696-Km 698, Km 690-km 691, Km 696

During the design stage

Project preparation cost

Design Consultant

RVNL, PMC

2. Climate

Localise Climatic Conditions –Diversion of forests land for non forestry purposes.

• Minimize tree cutting by geometric improvement.

• Compensatory Tree plantation ( 1:3) • Addition plantation on river banks,

station areas and wherever additional suitable land is available with Railway.

Kyoto protocol, Forest Conservation Act of India

Through out the project section

During Design and Construction Stage

Conversion of Forest Land= 0.9215

x 2.511= INR 2.31 Mn

Compensatory tree plantation Through forest department as per cost determined by Forest department. Additional tree plantation

Design Consultant, Contractor, RVNL and Forests Department.

RVNL, PMC

15 Net Present Value of Forest is 0.58 Mn to0. 92 Mn depending on the forest richness in terms of vegetation, flora, fauna and other resources. For costing purpose maximum NPV has been taken into account.


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Documents


Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


Implementation Supervision within ROW or spare Railway land, for which cost would be paid as per BOQ.

3. Natural Hazard Draught/Floodin

g/Water logging

• Ground water shall be used optimally with due permission and only in unavoidable situation

• Provision shall be made for water harvesting wherever feasible

• Provision of adequate cross drainage structures.

• Improve drainage to restrict the flooding due to poor drainage like near station yards.

Design requirement

Throughout the stretch especially near water crossings

Bridge no. 329 (km 669.3) and 235 (km 630.45)

Construction Stage

Included in Construction cost

contractor RVNL, PMC

4. Air Quality

Dust Generation due construction activities, and transport, Storage and handling of construction materials.

• Transport of loose and fine materials through covered vehicles.

• Loading and unloading of construction materials in covered areas or make provision of water fogging around these areas to arrest the dust generation

• Approach roads shall be paved and widened.

• Storage areas to be located downwind of the habitation area.

Environmental Protection Act, 1986; The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and amendments thereof

Throughout project corridor, Construction sites, Loading areas, storage areas, Transport route, and hill cutting in loose-soil areas

During the Construction stage

Included in construction cost

contractor RVNL, PMC


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Documents


Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


Implementation Supervision • Water spraying on earthworks, unpaved

haulage roads, other dust prone areas and construction yard.

• Controlled blasting in hill cutting areas. • Provision of PPEs to workers.

Emission from vehicle, equipment and machinery.

• Regular maintenance of machinery and equipment.

• Mixing plants and asphalt will be sited at least 1 KM in the downwind direction from the nearest settlement.

• Hot mix plant to be fitted with adequate stack height as prescribed by SPCB.

• Obtain prior consent ( no objection certificate) from state pollution control board for installation and operation of above equipments

• DG sets to be fitted with stacks of adequate height as per regulations (Height of stack = height of the building + 0.2 √ KVA and low sulphur diesel to be used in DG sets as well as machineries.

• Monitoring of air quality as per EMoP.

Environmental Protection Act, 1986; The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and amendments thereof

Asphalt mixing plants, DG sets locations


Included in construction cost Included in monitoring cost

Contractor RVNL, PMC

5. Noise and Vibration

Noise from construction vehicle, equipment and machinery.

• All equipment to be timely serviced and properly maintained to minimize its operational noise.

• Construction equipment and machinery to be fitted with silencers and maintained properly.

• Provision of temporary noise barrier at sensitive locations. Time regulation near residential and other sensitive areas

• Protection devices (ear plugs or ear

Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 and amendments thereof

Throughout project section especially at construction sites, forest areas, major bridge locations, Blasting Location and where existing formation is made up of comparatively


Included in Construction Cost.

Contractor

RVNL, PMC


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Documents


Time Frame

Mitigation Cost


Implementation Supervision muffs) will be provided to the workers operating in the vicinity of high noise generating machines.

• Speed control shall be enforced in forest areas.

• Noise monitoring as per EMoP

unconsolidated soil.

Monitoring Cost as indicated In EMoP.

Noise and vibration due to blasting and loose soil

• Blasting when required shall be restricted to daytime hours.

• Blasting schedules shall be publicly posted in areas where residents may be affected by the noise.


Cutting sections where blasting may be required




6. Land and Soil Land use

Change and Loss of productive/top soil

• Compensatory afforestation for loss of forest covers on 1: 3 basis.

• Top soil to be preserved and laid over either on the embankment slope for growing vegetation to protect soil erosion or spread over in the proposed plantation areas or spread over borrow areas for its rehabilitation

Design requirement

Through out the project section and borrow areas

During construction Stage



Slope Protection and Soil erosion due to construction activities, earthwork, and cut & fill etc.

• Construction schedule for bridges preferably during non-monsoon season.

• .Scouring protection structures shall be built at river bank slopes. If banks are damaged, the same shall be repaired immediately after completion of construction activity.

• Adequate provision of cross drainage structure to maintain the natural drainage pattern.

• Provision of side drain to guide the water to natural outfalls.

• Provision of stone pitching wherever

Design requirement

Throughout the stretch especially at all major river bridges and hill cutting areas.

Design and construction stage

construction cost

Contractor, RVNL, PMC


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necessary. • Ballast/earth available from cutting shall

be used for filling, as construction of access road, stations and embankments.

• Soil shall be is spread on slopes for permanent disposal, it shall be buttressed at the toe by retaining walls.

• Turfing of embankment slopes shall be done along the stretch. Provision shall be made for slope protection frames, dry stone pitching, and masonry retaining walls as may be required.

• All steep cuts both in hard rock areas and unconsolidated soil shall be flattened and benched. Retaining wall on both sides shall be provided. Shrubs shall be planted immediately in loose soil area.

• Periodic visual checking of soil erosion on slopes and high embankment areas along rail and implementation of suitable soil erosion prevention measures like bio turfing

• Adequate engineering measures such as retaining walls shall be taken to avoid any accident anticipated at landslide vulnerable location. As a secondary prevention measures construction of barricades to restrict the boulders fall on the railway lines


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Mitigation Cost


Implementation Supervision Soil erosion at

earth stockpiles The earth stockpiles to be provided

with gentle slopes to prevent soil erosion.

Design requirement

At earth stockpiles construction stage

construction cost


Borrow areas and quarries (erosion, loss of productive land, land degradation, air pollution)

• Borrow areas should be excavated as per the intended end use by the owner.

• Borrow areas should not be located on cultivable lands except in the situations where land owners desires to lower the level of the land. The top soil shall be preserved and depth shall be restricted to the desired level.

• No private/fertile land acquisition shall be done for borrow areas. Borrow pits shall not be selected nearby the settlement.

• Priority shall be given to the borrowing from humps/upland/mounds and lowering of agricultural fields above the general ground level. However, lowering of the agricultural fields shall be with the consent of farmer.

• The depths in borrow pits to be regulated so that the sides shall not be steeper than 25%,

• Borrow pits shall be centrally located to serve more than one site. The haulage distance from site should not be too far.

• Borrow area shall be rehabilitated. The rehabilitation option may include converting it into fish pond or any other use to be decided in consultation with land owner or community.

• Topsoil to be stockpiled and protected for use at the rehabilitation stage.

• .Quarry material (ballast) will be

IRC Guidelines ( IRC 10:1961) on borrow areas

All Identified Borrow sites and quarries location.

During construction

Construction cost



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Implementation Supervision sourced only from licensed quarries and having valid consent from pollution control board.

Compaction of soil due to movement of vehicles and equipments

• Construction vehicles, machinery, and equipment to be stationed in the designated ROW to avoid compaction.

• Approach roads/haulage roads shall be designed along the barren and hard soil area to reduce the compaction.

Design requirement

Parking areas, Haulage roads and construction yards.

Just before commencement of construction

Included in Construction cost


Contamination of soil due to leakage/spillage of oil,

• Fuel and lubricants shall be stored at the predefined storage location. The storage area shall be paved with gentle slope to a corner and connected with a chamber to collect any spills of the oils.

• All efforts shall be made to minimize the waste generation. Unavoidable waste shall be stored at the designated place prior to disposal. To avoid soil contamination at the wash-down and re-fuelling areas, “oil interceptors” shall be provided. Oil and grease spill and oil soaked materials are to be collected and stored in labeled containers (Labeled: WASTE OIL; and hazardous sign be displayed) and sold off to SPCB/ MoEF authorized re-refiners.

• To prevent soil compaction in the adjoining productive lands beyond the RoW, the movement of construction vehicles, machinery and equipment shall be restricted to the designated haulage route.

• Approach roads shall be designed along the barren and hard soil area to reduce the compaction induced impact on soil.

• The productive land shall be reclaimed after construction activity.

Design requirement

Fuelling station, construction sites, and construction camps and disposal location.

Just before commencement of construction


Contractor; RVNL, PMC


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Implementation Supervision • Domestic solid waste at construction

camp shall be segregated into biodegradable and non biodegradable waste. The non biodegradable and recyclable waste shall be sold off. Bio degradable waste shall be compacted in mechanized and movable composter. Non biodegradable and non saleable waste shall be disposed off to authorised land fill site. If land fill site not available then burial of the waste in a secured manner.

• Unusable debris shall be either reused or sent for land filling.

• 7. Water Resources

Depletion of Groundwater resources due to unregulated abstraction for construction purpose

• Contractor will arrange and ensure maximize use of surface water. The ground water extraction shall be made with due permission. No abstraction from already depleted aquifers.

• Water intensive activities preferably not to be undertaken during summer period (April, May June)

• Augmentation through incorporating water harvesting structures at all the stations if technically feasible.

Design requirement Groundwater authority and irrigation department

Throughout the Project section

During Construction stage

Included in construction costs

Contractor, RVNL, PMC

Alteration in surface water hydrology due to embankment

• Existing drainage system to be maintained and further enhanced.

• Provision of adequate size and number of cross drainage structures.

•

Design requirement

Near all drainage channels, river crossings etc.




Siltation in water bodies due to construction

• Bridge construction preferably to be limited to the dry season or during low water flow period

• Embankment slopes to be modified

Design requirement

Near all river water bodies, embankment


Included in Construction Cost



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Mitigation Cost


Implementation Supervision activities/

earthwork suitably to restrict the soil debris entering water bodies.

• Undertake adequate measures to prevent siltation of water bodies due to construction activities/storage of construction materials

• Construction waste /debris should be collected and stockpiled for possible reuse for land filling or slop protection.

• Earthworks and stone works to be prevented from impeding natural flow of rivers, streams and water canals or existing drainage system.

slopes

Deterioration in Surface water quality due to leakage from vehicles and equipments.

• Vehicles and equipment to be properly maintained and refueled at dedicated locations and not near surface water bodies.

• Oil and grease traps to be provided at re-fuelling locations.

• Construction camp to be sited away from water bodies.

• Wastes must be collected, stored and taken to approve disposal site only.

• Water quality shall be monitored periodically.

The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and amendments thereof.

Water bodies, refueling stations, construction camps,

During Construction Stage

Included in Construction cost Monitoring cost as indicated in EMoP


8. Flora and Fauna Vegetation loss

due to site preparation and construction activities

• Suitable modifications in design to minimize tree cutting especially medicinal and other important trees.

• Rail side trees to be removed with prior approval of DFO.

• Compensatory plantation at 1:3 basis • Provision of LPG in construction camp

as fuel source to avoid tree cutting.

Forest Conservation Act, 1980

Throughout project corridor especially in forest areas

During the design and Construction stage

Included in Construction Cost.

RVNL through DFO or contractor

RVNL, PMC


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Implementation Supervision Habitat

fragmentation and destruction

• Existing ground setting to be maintained in the reserved forest areas.

Forest Conservation Act 1980 and Wild Life Protection Act 1972

In All forest areas. During Construction Stage

included in construction Cost

Contractor, PMC RVNL and Forest department.

RVNL, PMC

Threat to endangered species and disturbance to elephant movement

(No impact on threatened species

except on the movement of Asian

elephant).

• Avoid Construction activity at night during the month of April, May & June when the wildlife movement frequency is high

• Adequate retro-reflective type warning signboard to be fixed at appropriate places to caution the driver about the elephant movement passage

• Set-up proper communication system between state forests department and railways for quick and advance intimation to railway driver about elephant movement

• Install message boards with contact details of forests officers and rangers of the area and nearby railway station masters to create awareness amongst villagers and open communication channel between villagers and forests/railways.

• •

Forest Conservation Act 1980 & Wild Life Protection Act 1972

Between Khaliapalli and Loisinga Stn.



Contractor, PMC RVNL and forest department

RVNL, PMC

Impact on fishing activity(production, spawning and breeding grounds)

• Siltation and water contamination shall be prevented to reduce turbidity.

• Restricting construction activity during the breeding period in the months of April-August.

• Plantation in the riparian area of the rivers, to reduce erosion.

State Govt. Fisheries Department guidelines and Best practices

Near Mahanadi river and Hirakud reservoir backwater.


Included in construction cost.



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7. Construction Camps Impact associated

with location • All camps should maintain minimum

distance from following: # 500 m from habitation # 1000m from forest areas # 500 m from water bodies

Design Requirement

All construction camps


Included in construction Cost

Contractor in consultation with PMC

RVNL, PMC

worker’s Health in construction camp

• Adequate sanitation facilities to be provided at construction camps by means of septic tanks soak pits, etc.

• Proper drainage to be maintained around the sites to avoid water logging leading to disease.

• Preventive medical care to be provided to workers.

• Disposal of solid waste on regular basis at identified locations.

• Provision of day crèche for children

The Building and Other Construction workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act 1996 and Cess Act of 1996 and The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and amendments thereof

All construction camps

During construction stage

Included in construction Cost

Contractor. RVNL, PMC

8. Accident and Safety Risks Pedestrians,

animal and Vehicular movement,

• Pedestrian passageways shall be provided near settlement on both sides.

• Underpasses in forest areas at suitable locations and as feasible.

• All road crossings where traffic intensity is high shall preferably be grade-separated.

•

Design requirement

Near habitation on both sides , forest areas , level crossings, construction sites, haulage roads, diversion sites

Included in Construction cost.

Contractor in consultation with

PMC

RVNL, PMC


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Implementation Supervision • Separation of two-way traffic by solid

white centre lines or physical medians, • Safe traffic circulation during

construction. • Temporary access and diversion will be

provided wherever necessary, with proper drainage facilities.

Accident risk from construction activities

• Contractors to adopt and maintain safe working practices.

• Usage of fluorescent signage, in local language at the construction sites

• Training shall be provided to workers, especially machinery operators, on safety procedures and precautions.

• It is mandatory for contractors to appoint a safety officer.

• At every work place, a readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of dressing materials, a mode of transport (ambulance), nursing staff, and doctor to be provided.

Central Motor and Vehicle Act 1988 Noise Rules 2002

Construction sites Construction period

Included in Construction cost.


9. Shifting of Common Property Resources and other Utilities Shifting of community properties

• Geometric adjustment while finalizing the alignment to minimize the loss to any such facilities.

• Relocation of all water sources viz. wells, hand pumps at suitable locations.

Project requirement

Throughout the corridor

Before Construction

Cost of Loss of structures as per R&R Cost.

through agency nominated by RVNL

RVNL,PMC

Shifting of other utilities

• All telephone and electrical poles/wires and underground cables should be shifted with all care to avoid any such hazard

Project requirement


Before Construction


Contractor or any other agency nominated by RVNL

RVNL, PMC

B. Operation Stage 1. Climate

Global Warming Plantation of additional trees besides Kyoto Protocol Throughout the During Part of railway East Coast Railways (Sambalpur


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Mitigation Cost


Implementation Supervision Effect compensatory afforestation.

Existing locomotives shall be maintained for increased fuel efficiency and new locomotives should be more fuel efficient

corridor Operation operation and maintenance costs

Division)/ SPCB

2. Air quality Emission from

locomotives • Use of ultra-low sulfur diesel and

energy efficient locomotives. • Optimizing the running time with

efficient operation modules.

The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and amendments thereof.

Through out the project route.

During whole operation period

Part of railway operation and maintenance costs

East Coast Railways (Sambalpur Division)/ SPCB

Fugitive emission due to loading/ unloading and transport of iron ore/cement/coal

• Specific guidelines shall be formulated for material handling practices (particularly for loading and unloading) of the materials. Instruction defining precautions like:

o Avoid practices of throwing of the bags while unloading from racks and loading to trucks.

o The spill over material shall be collected immediately after unloading and efforts shall be made for its recycle / reuse.

o Use of enclosed cars or covering of open cars used to carry minerals and grains to reduce fugitive dust emissions.

• The unloading area shall be paved. Feasibility of mechanical sweeper and loading and unloading option may also be explored. Thick plantation shall be carried out around unloading areas to prevent spread of fugitive dusts.

• The workers shall be provided with face masks and other Personal

Hirakud station and Bargarh Road.


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Mitigation Cost


Implementation Supervision protective equipments (PPEs)

• Air pollution due

to traffic congestion near level crossings

• Traffic regulation to prevent traffic blockade.

At congested level crossings

2. Noise and Vibration

Noise due to movement of trains

• Maintenance and tree plantation near sensitive locations like hospitals, schools

• Speed limitation and restriction on horn in noise sensitive locations.


Noise sensitive and forest areas

During Whole Operation Period


East Coast Railways (Sambalpur Division)

Vibration • Provision of sand pockets near vibration prone areas and speed limitation near bridge approaches.

Project requirement

Vibration Prone areas


3. Land and Soil Soil erosion at

embankment during heavy rain fall.

• Periodic checking to be carried to assess the effectiveness of the stabilization measures viz. turfing, stone pitching etc.

Project requirement

At probable landslide locations and other soil erosion prone areas.

Through out operation period


East Coast Railway, Sambalpur Division

Soil erosion at borrow areas

• Monitoring of borrow areas rehabilitation plan

-do-

Soil Contamination due to Handling/storage and transportation of ironed ores

• Periodic monitoring as per EMoP. • The loading/unloading and storage

area for iron ores shall be on paved surface to avoid soil contamination.

• Fine particles of iron ores may be collected and recycled.

-do- Hirakud Station. During first Year of operation

Monitoring cost as indicated in EMOP

East Coast Railways (Sambalpur Division)/SPCB

4. Water Resources Ground water • Iron ores to be stored at paved areas. Project Hirakud Station During Part of railway East Coast Railways (Sambalpur


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Implementation Supervision contamination due to storage of iron ores

• Monitoring of ground water as per EMoP

Requirement whole operation period

operation and maintenance costs

Division)/SPCB

Scarce condition due to abstraction in residential colonies

• Maintenance of water harvesting structures.

Proposed residential colonies

Contamination of surface water quality due to leakage of used oil

• Collection tray to be installed under the canal bridge to prevent canal/water bodies water contamination.

• Monitoring of surface water bodies as per EMoP

Near surface Water bodies

Siltation • Periodic monitoring of siltation in water bodies.

Water logging due to blockade of streams

• Regular checks shall be done along the alignment to ensure that flow of water is maintained through cross drains and other channels/streams.


5. Flora and Fauna Vegetation • Planted trees, shrubs, and grasses to

be properly maintained. • The tree survivalist audit to be

conducted at least once in a year to assess the effectiveness

Forest Conservation Act 1980

Throughout project section

During 1st year of operation period

Indicated in Monitoring cost in EMoP


Accident risks to elephants

• Adequate retro reflective signboard to be fixed at appropriate locations to caution the driver about the elephant movement passage

• Maintaining regular communication with forests department and station master to gather the advance information about elephant movement

• Locomotive to be fitted with powerful ( light) beam

Forest Conservation Act 1980 and Wild Life Protection Act 1972

Near Khaliapali and Loisinga Stations.

During whole operation period.




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Implementation Supervision • Speed of train reduced preferably to

10 km/hour between April and June specifically during night time when running in Elephant corridor.

• Continuous hooting in elephant passage areas

• Diver to be instructed to stop the train in the event of elephant movement around the train.

• .

6. Accident Risk and Safety Emergency

conditions viz. flood, operational failures etc.

• Emergency equipment to be stockpiled in stations personnel to be trained to serve on rescue teams in case of flood, fire, accidents etc.

• Right-of-way shall be fenced near habitation and other sensitive locations.

• Use of latest railway operational mechanism to avoid derailment, collisions and other accident risks.

Project requirement

Throughout the Project route

During whole operation stage



7. Impact due to Proposed Residential Buildings Land and water

contamination due to uncontrolled discharge of sewage

• Provision of septic tanks for treatment of sewage.

The Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and amendments thereof ) and project requirement

Near Bargarh, Sambalpur, Titlagarh and Balangir station yard.

During Operation stage



Water logging due to inadequate storm water drainage

• Adequate drainage facilities

Solid waste disposal

• Disposal of solid waste after segregation into biodegradable and


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Implementation Supervision non-biodegradable material.

• Provision of small bio-composter. 8. Flooding/ Track inundation

Track inundation due to choking of drainage channels

• Regular cleaning of drains/channels in the vicinity.

• Drains on both sides in cutting sections should be cleaned regularly.

• Maintaining good drainage systems in yards/station

Project Requirement

Throughout the stretch particularly near flood prone major crossings viz. Bridge No. 305

During whole operation period

Overall Operation cost


9. Right-of-Way Maintenance Accident Risk due

to uncontrolled growth of vegetation

• The track area shall be kept completely clear of vegetation.

• Smaller plants shall be planted near the line and larger trees further.

• Invasive plant not to be planted near the track.

• Controlled use of herbicide application to control fast-growing vegetation within RoW.

Project requirement





10. Forest Fires Loss of

vegetation and accident risks due to forest fires

• Monitoring of right-of-way vegetation according to fire risk;

• Removal of blow down and other high-hazard fuel accumulations;

• Forest lines to be created along the RoW

• Training of maintenance persons for fire control.

•

Project requirement





11. Fuel Management Land and water

pollution and fire/explosion risks due to poor fuel management

• Storage tanks and components shall meet international standard for structural design to avoid catastrophic failures to prevent fires/explosion.

• Storage tanks shall have appropriate

Project requirement

Fuelling Stations and Storage Tanks

Whole Operation period




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Implementation Supervision secondary containment

12. Waste Management due to Rail Operation

Pollution Prevention and control

• Floor drains if any shall be connected to wastewater collection and treatment system.

• Aqueous detergent and water based paints shall be used.

•

Project requirement

Throughout the stretch mainly train washing area/yards

Whole operation period



C. Occupational Health And Safety Train worker

Accidents • Training to workers in personal track

safety procedures • Blocking train traffic during maintenance

of tracks or use of automatic warning system.

Compliance to Occupational Health and safety management Systems & Best Practices

Throughout the rail corridor

During operation stage



Noise and Vibration impact to train crew members

• Use of PPEs by crew members. • Engines to be fitted with active vibration

control systems for locomotives suspensions cabs or seat posts.

Inside Trains

Exposure to diesel exhaust to rail operating and maintenance staffs

• Provision of adequate ventilation in locomotive and other enclosed areas where diesel exhaust may get accumulated.

• Use of PPE

Train Crew Cabin, Locomotive shops

Fatigue to crew members

• Railway operators shall schedule rest periods at regular intervals and during night hours.

Trains

Maintenance of Rolling -Stocks

• use of PPEs by workers during maintenance activities

• Regular checkup of working platform in workshop to avoid any slippage due to grease & oil.

• Proper collection, storage and disposal

At workshops/yards and maintenance locations


Part of railway operation and maintenance costs.

Included in operation/ Maintenance cost.


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Implementation Supervision of hazardous waste like waste oil and grease , lead acid batteries

• Regular assessment of risk s presented by wheelsets

Transport of Dangerous Goods

• Proper screening, acceptance and transport of dangerous goods conforming to the international standard applicable for packaging, marking and labeling of containers.

• Preparation of spill prevention , control and emergency preparedness and responsive plans based on an analysis of hazards, implementation of prevention and control measures.

-do- Throughout the project stretch


Part of railway operation and maintenance costs.

Included in operation/ Maintenance cost.

EMP costs are largely part of BOQ except in cases where it is specified.


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APPENDIX 5.2 PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING FOREST CLEARANCE


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APPENDIX 5.3: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN

Environmental

Component Project Stage Parameters Location Frequency Standards Approximate

cost (Rs) Implementation Supervision

Air Quality Construction stage

SPM, RPM, NOx, CO Hot mix plant, concrete mixing plant/stone crushers at construction sites (4)

24 hourly sampling once in four months r for construction period

National Ambient Air quality standard

275,000 Contractor through Independent Environmental Laboratories approved by SPCB/ MoEF

RVNL,PMC

Operation stage

SPM, RPM, NOx, CO, SO2 Only at Hirakud Station (near loading /unloading of coals)

( Air monitoring is already being carried out on regular basis by the industries along the Project

section)

24 hourly sampling , twice a week, for one week, once in winter and Summer for first year of operation

National Ambient Air quality standard


East Coast railways, RVNL, PMC, PMC

Water Quality Construction stage

As Water quality standards (IS: 10500)

Drinking water to made available to Construction Camps

Thrice every year of construction period

As per IS code 10500


RVNL, PMC

Operation stage

As Water quality standards (IS: 10500)

Ground water at 2 locations where sampling has been conducted during IEE and At

proposed residential colonies (Bargarh, Sambalpur, Balangir and Titlagarh)

Note: railways PHC department do the regular drinking water quality test at all stations

Thrice every year for first year of operation

As per IS code 10500


East Coast railways

Siltation in water bodies

Construction Stage

Construction stage All major Water Bodies Once during rainy seasons of the construction period.

As per CWC/WRD guidelines

Part of routine action

of engineering

team

Contractor through his team

RVNL, PMC


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Environmental Component

Project Stage Parameters Location Frequency Standards Approximate cost (Rs)


Noise levels Construction stage

As per National Ambient Noise Standard as per Environmental Protection Act, 1986 amended 2002

Construction sites and inhabited locations and sensitive areas

Note: Noise level at various locations are already being monitored by SPCB and industries located along the stretch.

Day and Night levels once in four months for construction period

National Ambient air quality standard with respect to Noise

45,000 Contractor through Independent monitoring agency

RVNL, PMC

Operation stage

As per National Ambient Noise Standard as per Environmental Protection Act, 1986 amended 2002

Khosala School km 583.0 and other residential areas nearby track

During the air quality monitoring period of 1 year

-do- 30,000 contractor through approved monitoring agency

East Coast railways

Soil Erosion Construction Stage

Visual check for Soil erosion and siltation

River banks, cutting sections especially in unconsolidated soil.

After first precipitation

Visual Checks Part of routine action

of engineering

team


Operation Stage

Visual check for Soil erosion and siltation

River banks, cutting sections especially in unconsolidated soil.

Once during operation of 1st year

Visual Checks Part of routine action

of engineering

team

Engineering Team Railways (Sambalpur Division)

East Coast railways

Soil Quality Operation stage

Heavy Metals

Hirakud Bargarh and Balangir First year of operation ( one sample each year)

--------------

15,000 Contractor through Approved monitoring agency

RVNL,/East Coast Railways

Terrestrial fauna Construction stage

Surveillance Audit to assess the disturbances to forest fauna their movement

Near Forest Areas particularly the Elephant movement corridor

First two years of construction

None specific, as per expert’s assessment about changes if any

100,000 contractor through Independent Expert

RVNL,PMC

Operation stage

Up keep of measures taken for wild life protection and movement

Between Khaliapali and Loisinga Stations First years of operation period.

None specific, as per Expert’s assessment and visual check about changes if any

150,000 contractor through Independent expert

RVNL/East Coast Railways


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Environmental Component

Project Stage Parameters Location Frequency Standards Approximate cost (Rs)


Aquatic fauna including fisheries

Construction stage

Disturbance to aquatic fauna due to increased siltation

Downstream of Mahanadi River and Hirakud Reservoir backwater

Once in a year None specific, as per expert’s assessment about changes if any

175,000 Contractor through Independent Expert

RVNL, PMC

Operation Impact on fish productivity , breeding and spawning

Downstream of Mahanadi River and Hirakud Reservoir backwater

End of First year of operation

None specific, as per expert assessment about changes if any


East Coast Railways

Accident and Fatality Rate

Operation Record of Accidents Accounting of Lost Work time, different level of disabilities/fatalities.

Throughout the Project Section -Periodic

None Specific

Part of regular

operation and Maintenance

cost

East Coast Railways

East Coast Railways

Occupational Health and Safety

Construction and Operation

Monitoring to as per standards of East Coast Railways through its Medical and Safety officers

Tree Plantation Construction Stage

Surveillance monitoring of trees felling

Through out the Project Section During site clearance in construction phase

As laid out in the detailed design for project


RVNL, PMC

Operation stage

Audit for survival rate of trees plantation

Through out the Project Section Once in a year for1 years

Considering the 70% survival rate

150,000 Railways Sectional PWIs

East Coast Railways

RVNL= Rail Vikash Nigam Ltd., PMC= Project Management Consultant, NOx - Nitrogen Oxide; Pb - Lead; PIU - Project Implementation Unit; RPM - Respirable Particulate Matter; SO2 - Sulphur Dioxide; SPM - Suspended Particulate Matter, RPM - Respirable Particulate Matter Monitoring Costs: A) Construction Phase: Rs. 970,000 or 0.97 Million B) Operation Phase: Rs. 625000 or 0.625 Million

Grand Total (A+B) = Rs 1, 595,000 or Rs 1.595 million

IEE: India: Sambalpur-Titlagarh Doubling Subproject, Railway ...

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Transcript of IEE: India: Sambalpur-Titlagarh Doubling Subproject, Railway ...