!"The"paper"under"this"name,"discusses'preliminary'findings'of"a"research"project"funded"by"TAF"and"Network"for"Interna=onal"Development"Coopera=on"(NIDC)."It"explores'the'structures'and'ins5tu5onal'arrangements'of"inter!NGOs."The"project"studies"three'youth6related'non6state'development'organiza5ons,"and"how'they'interact'and'relate'to"other"development"actors'(both'Gov’t'&'Non'gov’t)'to'support"young"people"in"Myanmar."

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! "There"are"several'phenomena"!"draw"me"into'studying'the'role'of'non6state'actor'in"the"aid"process."Mainly"it’s"the"rethinking'of'state'role'in"the"new'aid'architecture'with"mul5'actors."!"which"highlight"the"need'for'coordina5on'mechanisms'to"ensure"efficient"use"of"resources"and"effec=ve"result."! "Among"non!state"actors,"the"role'&'nature'of'iNGOs'are'not'well'known."(Background"working"with"iNGO"myself)"The"nature"of"their"work"is"context"specific,"and"it"is"interes=ng"to"study'the'rela5onship'and"coordina=on"arrangements"of"this"non!state"actor"with'government6led'aid'agencies'and"others."⇒ The"next"important"ques=ons"!"In"what"theme"and"where?"

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! "The"theme'of'youth'has"entered"global"public'policy'discourse'since"the"80s"through"the"phenomenon"of"youth"unemployment'and'consequences…"which"con=nue"=ll"today."! "Studied"as"a"stand'alone'concept,"produc5ve'social'category'and"recognized"as"one"of"the"beneficiaries"of"development"programs"as'in'the'case'of'women,"the'elderly'etc.""! "What"is"par5cularly'interes5ng'is"the'rise'of'young'prac55oners,"volunteers,"and"ac=ve"agent'in'development'sector.''! 'Par=cularly"in"a'youthful'na5on"in"Southeast"Asia."Myanmar,"whose"young"popula=on"makes"up"of"more"than"a"quarter'of'total'popula5on.'

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! Since"November"2010,""a"new'donor'darling'Myanmar'emerged"to"a\ract"development"actors"as"the"country"marched"toward"a"Triple"Transi=on:"(Military"repression"–"Democra=c"governance,"Centrally"controlled"econ"–"Mkt"oriented"one,"and"60"yrs"Conflicts"–"Peace"in"borders"zone.)""! "As"Myanmar"seeking'more'global'economic'connec5ons'and'assistance'for'development'and"reforms"="the"country"has"seen'the'influx'of'development'actors'and"businesses"likewise"! =>"Create'opportunity'and'shared'prosperity'for'its'youth,"popula=on"ranks"4th"in"SEA.""! "Highly"interes5ng'case'to'study'the'dynamic'and"roles"of"iNGOs"and"their'coordina5on'mechanisms'to"support'Myanmar'youth'sector.""

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! Global"shiJ'in'development'paradigm'to"include"non!state"actors"+"Window'of'opportuni5es"for"Myanmar"and"her"youth"=>"Benefits'and'Expecta5on'in"terms"of"development'effec5veness'as"well"as"Concerns'about'resource'efficiency'and"sustainable'impact.'The'research'aims'to…'! "Shed"lights"on"the"youth6focused'non6state'actors'and"their"aid"mechanisms,"especially"their"rela5onship'with'governmental'aid'agencies"and"the"level"of"coordina5on'among'actors'in'the'aid'community.''! "We"have"yet"to"gain"full"understanding"about"the'complexity'of'iNGOs"opera=ng"in"a"dynamic'‘new'Myanmar’"or"the"level"and"parameter'of'their'engagement'in"aid"coordina=on."

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Before'we'explore"youth!related"actors,"it"is"necessary'to'clarify'some"related"technicali5es:'

1.   Who'are'youth?...While"the"UN’s"CRC"defies"‘Childhood’'to'be'up'un5l'18;"the"age'range'of"youth"is"debatable'depending"on"the"socio6cultural'context…"Ans:"to"ques=on"like"when"they"start"a"family?"Or"When"they"have"the"1st"child…"are"different"from"one"context"to"the"other,"for"example.""

2.  Apply"the"defini5on'by'WHO'that"accounts"for"biological'&'cogni5ve'transforma5on;"this"research"refers"to"people'with'the'age'of'10624'as"a"subject"of"study;"no=ng"that"!"this"is"a"Choice,"Not"meant"to"be"defini=ve."

3.  Youth"are"both"the"beneficiary'and'agent'of"development"programs."Of"all"the"themes"relevant'to'the'Interna5onal'Youth'Sector,"The"ones"highlighted"here"are"most'relevant'to'youth'in"Myanmar"

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Different'categories'of'actors'engaged'in'the'sector,"various"forms"of"rela5onships"between"them,"as"well"as"ins5tu5onalized'and'ad'hoc'coopera5on'are'found…"

!  Column"on"the'right'=>"Show'Nongovernmental'Actors;"Aid"org."provide"financial!technical"assistances"&"Those"implement'programs/delivering"results"at"na=onal/regional/global"level"=>"There"are"more'than'89'iNGOs/iNGYOs'vs."less'than'60'Na5onal'NGOs'in"Myanmar"as'of'March'2015'data."

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1.  The"diagram"how"we"make'sense'of'all'these'youth6related'actors"in"Myanmar"development"landscape"

2.  The"Magic'Triangle'in'yellow'shows"the"Youth"field"consis=ng"of"Policy,"Prac=ce"and"Research."Both'Government'&'Non6governmental'aid'agencies'share"the"same"space"of"policy6making'&'provision'of'public'goods""

!"The"unknown'rela5onship'between"the"two"are"as"well"as"with"others"in'terms'of'Aid'Coordina5on."

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1.  In"any"development"sector;"there"are"Three'different'dimensions"of"development'assistance'coordina5on'='Policy!Programming,"and"Implementa=on"!"which"considered"the'most'produc5ve."With"instruments/structures'depending'on"the"levels/scope"e.g."program,"sector,"cross!sector,"local,"na=onal,"interna=onal"levels."

2.  For"all"these"dimensions;"there"are"3"levels"of"coordina=on,"as"we"consider'using'the'Role'of'Government"to"dis=nguish"the'degree'of'coordina5on."This"table"tells"us"that"…’If"the"government"!"greater"degree'of'leadership'and'ownership'over"the"coordina=on"ac=vi=es,"the"country"is"advancing"towards"development'effec5veness.""

⇒  The"preliminary'findings'of"this"research"also"points'out'in'this'direc5on."

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In"order"to"find"evidences'and'nature'of'aid'coordina5on'among"the"youth6related'iNGOs'as"well'as'with'the'government!led"aid"agencies;""! 'Several'rounds'of'interviews'conducted'in"early"June"2015"provides"in!dept"analysis"of"three'interna5onally'organized'and'interna5onally'ac5ve'nongovernmental'development'aid'organiza5ons"providing"humanitarian"support"and"capacity"building"in"terms"of"financial"and"technical"assistance"for'children'and'youth'in'Myanmar:""! 'Save'the'Children,'IFRC6MRCS,'and'Oxfam."SC"has"children"and"young"people"(<18"yrs)"as"direct'beneficiaries,'and"young'prac55oners'on"various'thema5c'programs'especially"in"Health6Nutri5on,'Livelihood'&'Food'Security."! "IFRC/MRCS"claims"that"the"nature'of'their'charters'are"not"an"NGO"or"Governmental"one,"but"an"Independent'Membership'organiza=on."IFRC'!'Financial'&'Technical'Supports'to"MRCS."They"closely'coordinate'w/'the'GoM'to'access'areas"affected"by"Humanitarian"crises"(both"natural"cause"and"man!made)."While"IFRC"func=ons"in"policy!programming"level"connec=ng"donors,"MRCS'&'its'branch'offices'throughout"the"country"are"on"the"implementa5ons'of'programs."!"Here'is'where'Youth'forms'the'backbone'of"the"organiza=on"with"more"than"80%'of'its'staffs'and'90%'of'volunteers'are'youth'ages'19'to'under'30.'"

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6'Various'actors'involve"ac=vely"in"all'aid'processes'to"deliver'equitable,'impackul'and'sustained'development'results."For"them"to"deliver'Development'Effec5veness,"GoM"and"Development"Community"need"clear'Coordina5on'structures'and"effec=ve"mechanisms.""! "Aim'of'aid'coordina5on'is"not"for"aid"effec=veness"but"the"development'effec5veness"!""Emphasize"the"roles'of'government"in"leading'the'coordina5on'(=>"Focus"on"results,"Na5onal'Ownership'of"development"priori=es,"Transparency"and"shared'responsibility,'and"Par5cipa5on'of'all'actors);'! "Findings"show"strong"evidence"of"Coordina5on'structures'and'mechanisms.'"The"Efforts'&'Outputs'have'become'integrated'within"the"government"planning"and"governance"systems,"though"slowly"as"challenges'in'deployment'of'resources'exist."

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! 'Technical'solu5ons'and'innova5ve'coordina5on'mechanisms'prac=ced"by"development"coopera=on"actors"globally"are"applied"to"construct'coordina5on'structures'of'Myanmar."! "There"are"two'coordina5on'structures'that"run"parallel"to"each"other."The"1st"one"is"the"Joint"Structure"that"connect'all'actors'in"the"development"community"with'GoM’s'MNPED'+'16'other'line'ministries.'The'contribu5ons"come"from"many"Sector'Working'Groups."iNGOs"under"the"survey"do"par=cipate"in"this"structure"periodically.""! But"they"are"most"ac=ve"and"engaged"in"the"2nd"structure,"which"is"the"Development6Partner'(DPs)'Only'Coordina=on"Structure…in"the"next"slide."

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! The"structure"DPG"was"formalized'in'2013,"Chaired'by'the'UN'and'UK'government"!"Mechanisms"to'engage'with'GoM'through"DPWC"and"NPT6Based'groups."! Heads"of"All'agencies'will'meet'every'2'mths'to"share"info"&"exchange"views"on"devel"issues"and"na=onal"plans,"coord"work"for"common"policies/posi=ons"etc."This"is"where"our"case"studies"are"ac=vely"involved."! Moreover,"each'organiza5on'has'their'own'channels'for"engaging"in"the"coordina=on"forums,"base"on"their"par5cular'thema5c'focuses."All'are'par5cipa5ng'in'the'YGN6based'iNGO'forum'and'the'field6based'inter6agency'forums"especially"on"Protec5on'sector,'WASH,'Food'Security'&'Livelihood'in"Kachine"&"Rakine.""! MRCS'has'a'unique'advantage"over'the'outreach,"able"to"par=cipate"in"all"including"the"government!led"ones."Save'the'Children'takes"a"lead"in'Educa5on'sector,'Nutri5on'&'Child'Rights'together"with"UNICEF."While"Oxfam'highlighted'its"involvement"in"the"Gendered6Focused'MNGO'and'a'consor5um'model'with"other"iNGOs."

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