HOMEMAKING AND HOUSE BUILDING IN THE POOR SETTLEMENTS: MAKING AND HOUSE BUILDING IN THE POOR...

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Making Space for a Better Quality of Living

HOMEHOMEHOMEHOME----MAKING AND HOUSE BUILDING IN THE POOR SETTLEMENTS:MAKING AND HOUSE BUILDING IN THE POOR SETTLEMENTS:MAKING AND HOUSE BUILDING IN THE POOR SETTLEMENTS:MAKING AND HOUSE BUILDING IN THE POOR SETTLEMENTS:TOWARDS A FRAMEWORK TO STUDY SELF-HELP HOUSING

By :WiwikWiwikWiwikWiwik D D D D PratiwiPratiwiPratiwiPratiwi, M. Donny , M. Donny , M. Donny , M. Donny KurniawanKurniawanKurniawanKurniawan, Anita , Anita , Anita , Anita VitrianaVitrianaVitrianaVitriana, , , ,

KikiKikiKikiKiki Z. Z. Z. Z. SolihahSolihahSolihahSolihah & & & & MedriaMedriaMedriaMedria ShekarShekarShekarShekar RaniRaniRaniRaniHousing & Settlement Research Group

http://www.ar.itb.ac.id/pp/


PRESENTATIONPRESENTATIONPRESENTATIONPRESENTATION

• introductionintroductionintroductionintroduction

• theory of hometheory of hometheory of hometheory of home

• understanding process of homeunderstanding process of homeunderstanding process of homeunderstanding process of home----makingmakingmakingmaking

• the motivation for making homethe motivation for making homethe motivation for making homethe motivation for making home

• processes and programs of making homeprocesses and programs of making homeprocesses and programs of making homeprocesses and programs of making home

• homehomehomehome----making as a continuous processmaking as a continuous processmaking as a continuous processmaking as a continuous process

• conclusionconclusionconclusionconclusion




INTRODUCTION (1)INTRODUCTION (1)INTRODUCTION (1)INTRODUCTION (1)

• Overview of Bandung and its informal urban settlementOverview of Bandung and its informal urban settlementOverview of Bandung and its informal urban settlementOverview of Bandung and its informal urban settlement

• The complex issues related to housing procurement of the poorThe complex issues related to housing procurement of the poorThe complex issues related to housing procurement of the poorThe complex issues related to housing procurement of the poor

– LandLandLandLand

– Shelter constructionShelter constructionShelter constructionShelter construction

– Services or financeServices or financeServices or financeServices or finance

• Housing of the poor : Housing of the poor : Housing of the poor : Housing of the poor : home making and/or house buildinghome making and/or house buildinghome making and/or house buildinghome making and/or house building


THEORY OF THEORY OF THEORY OF THEORY OF ‘‘‘‘HOMEHOMEHOMEHOME’’’’ (2)(2)(2)(2)• Definition of home :Definition of home :Definition of home :Definition of home :

– Home is considered to consist of Home is considered to consist of Home is considered to consist of Home is considered to consist of the history and memoriesthe history and memoriesthe history and memoriesthe history and memories of the family and is of the family and is of the family and is of the family and is the storehouse for the physical, social, psychological or emotiothe storehouse for the physical, social, psychological or emotiothe storehouse for the physical, social, psychological or emotiothe storehouse for the physical, social, psychological or emotional wealth of its nal wealth of its nal wealth of its nal wealth of its occupants (Lawrence 1987, 1991)occupants (Lawrence 1987, 1991)occupants (Lawrence 1987, 1991)occupants (Lawrence 1987, 1991)

– Home is thus made in Home is thus made in Home is thus made in Home is thus made in the process of livingthe process of livingthe process of livingthe process of living and is in a constant process of and is in a constant process of and is in a constant process of and is in a constant process of consolidation and transformation (consolidation and transformation (consolidation and transformation (consolidation and transformation (HabrakenHabrakenHabrakenHabraken 1983) 1983) 1983) 1983)

– Home means Home means Home means Home means the locationthe locationthe locationthe location where one where one where one where one ‘‘‘‘dwellsdwellsdwellsdwells’’’’ and which enable one to claim a and which enable one to claim a and which enable one to claim a and which enable one to claim a sense of belonging (Heidegger 1954)sense of belonging (Heidegger 1954)sense of belonging (Heidegger 1954)sense of belonging (Heidegger 1954)

– Home is Home is Home is Home is a place to return toa place to return toa place to return toa place to return to, a place to defend against intruders and a place , a place to defend against intruders and a place , a place to defend against intruders and a place , a place to defend against intruders and a place to contain oneto contain oneto contain oneto contain one’’’’s belongings (s belongings (s belongings (s belongings (BachelardBachelardBachelardBachelard 1964) 1964) 1964) 1964)

– Home is a much more Home is a much more Home is a much more Home is a much more restrictive and placerestrictive and placerestrictive and placerestrictive and place----based ideabased ideabased ideabased idea than dwelling. The idea than dwelling. The idea than dwelling. The idea than dwelling. The idea of home signifies the location in which the main activities of dof home signifies the location in which the main activities of dof home signifies the location in which the main activities of dof home signifies the location in which the main activities of daily life are aily life are aily life are aily life are conducted and therefore symbolically have meanings conducted and therefore symbolically have meanings conducted and therefore symbolically have meanings conducted and therefore symbolically have meanings SeagartSeagartSeagartSeagart (1985)(1985)(1985)(1985)

– Home is Home is Home is Home is the attachmentthe attachmentthe attachmentthe attachment that binds the entities of physical enclosure, social that binds the entities of physical enclosure, social that binds the entities of physical enclosure, social that binds the entities of physical enclosure, social relations and psychological feelings Canter (1977)relations and psychological feelings Canter (1977)relations and psychological feelings Canter (1977)relations and psychological feelings Canter (1977)




• The differ of homes and houses : a The differ of homes and houses : a The differ of homes and houses : a The differ of homes and houses : a ‘‘‘‘placeplaceplaceplace----basedbasedbasedbased’’’’ conceptconceptconceptconcept– house relates importantly to house relates importantly to house relates importantly to house relates importantly to the physical object and its locationthe physical object and its locationthe physical object and its locationthe physical object and its location– home relates to a wide range of home relates to a wide range of home relates to a wide range of home relates to a wide range of geographical scalesgeographical scalesgeographical scalesgeographical scales: to land, house, district and country: to land, house, district and country: to land, house, district and country: to land, house, district and country

• Four important aspects of home (in dealing with the issues of hoFour important aspects of home (in dealing with the issues of hoFour important aspects of home (in dealing with the issues of hoFour important aspects of home (in dealing with the issues of housing and using and using and using and dwellings)dwellings)dwellings)dwellings) ::::– Most people, irrespective of social characteristics hold conceptMost people, irrespective of social characteristics hold conceptMost people, irrespective of social characteristics hold conceptMost people, irrespective of social characteristics hold conceptualizations of home and place ualizations of home and place ualizations of home and place ualizations of home and place

and employ these concepts to express the experiences of being roand employ these concepts to express the experiences of being roand employ these concepts to express the experiences of being roand employ these concepts to express the experiences of being rooted in either domestic or oted in either domestic or oted in either domestic or oted in either domestic or other locations (Canter 1977). other locations (Canter 1977). other locations (Canter 1977). other locations (Canter 1977).

– Place and home are concepts that cut across cultural geographicaPlace and home are concepts that cut across cultural geographicaPlace and home are concepts that cut across cultural geographicaPlace and home are concepts that cut across cultural geographical and disciplinary boundaries l and disciplinary boundaries l and disciplinary boundaries l and disciplinary boundaries and therefore enable the establishment and synthesis of a compreand therefore enable the establishment and synthesis of a compreand therefore enable the establishment and synthesis of a compreand therefore enable the establishment and synthesis of a comprehensive understanding hensive understanding hensive understanding hensive understanding generated through different disciplines (generated through different disciplines (generated through different disciplines (generated through different disciplines (DoveyDoveyDoveyDovey 1985b). 1985b). 1985b). 1985b).

– Place and home are common concepts which enable the elimination Place and home are common concepts which enable the elimination Place and home are common concepts which enable the elimination Place and home are common concepts which enable the elimination of the gaps in the of the gaps in the of the gaps in the of the gaps in the conceptions between professionals and ordinary people (conceptions between professionals and ordinary people (conceptions between professionals and ordinary people (conceptions between professionals and ordinary people (DoveyDoveyDoveyDovey 1985b). 1985b). 1985b). 1985b).

– The quality of the built environment is inherently related to thThe quality of the built environment is inherently related to thThe quality of the built environment is inherently related to thThe quality of the built environment is inherently related to the opportunities available for e opportunities available for e opportunities available for e opportunities available for the appropriation of space, so building identity with place and the appropriation of space, so building identity with place and the appropriation of space, so building identity with place and the appropriation of space, so building identity with place and making home (making home (making home (making home (DayaratneDayaratneDayaratneDayaratne1992).1992).1992).1992).


HOMEHOMEHOMEHOME----MAKING (3)MAKING (3)MAKING (3)MAKING (3)UNDERSTANDING THE PROCESS OFUNDERSTANDING THE PROCESS OFUNDERSTANDING THE PROCESS OFUNDERSTANDING THE PROCESS OF

• HomeHomeHomeHome----making is a fundamental activity which secures an individual in making is a fundamental activity which secures an individual in making is a fundamental activity which secures an individual in making is a fundamental activity which secures an individual in the world within the world within the world within the world within the universe of space, things, people and events in which he or the universe of space, things, people and events in which he or the universe of space, things, people and events in which he or the universe of space, things, people and events in which he or she exists she exists she exists she exists ��underlying goal of all housing processunderlying goal of all housing processunderlying goal of all housing processunderlying goal of all housing process

• Two case studies of informal urban settlements in Bandung: Two case studies of informal urban settlements in Bandung: Two case studies of informal urban settlements in Bandung: Two case studies of informal urban settlements in Bandung: – First the urban villages of First the urban villages of First the urban villages of First the urban villages of ‘‘‘‘sablonsablonsablonsablon and and and and kaoskaoskaoskaos creative industrycreative industrycreative industrycreative industry’’’’ inininin Gang Gang Gang Gang GagakGagakGagakGagak, , , , JalanJalanJalanJalan SuciSuciSuciSuci, Bandung, Bandung, Bandung, Bandung; ; ; ;

was an upgraded settlementwas an upgraded settlementwas an upgraded settlementwas an upgraded settlement

– Secondly squatter settlements in Secondly squatter settlements in Secondly squatter settlements in Secondly squatter settlements in ‘‘‘‘rumahrumahrumahrumah susunsusunsusunsusun IndustriIndustriIndustriIndustri DalamDalamDalamDalam’’’’ nearby nearby nearby nearby StasiunStasiunStasiunStasiun and and and and PasarPasarPasarPasar CiroyomCiroyomCiroyomCiroyom, , , , Bandung was a relatively new Bandung was a relatively new Bandung was a relatively new Bandung was a relatively new ‘‘‘‘revitalizedrevitalizedrevitalizedrevitalized’’’’ settlement. settlement. settlement. settlement.

• Method of data collection: recording of testimonies to explore tMethod of data collection: recording of testimonies to explore tMethod of data collection: recording of testimonies to explore tMethod of data collection: recording of testimonies to explore the residentshe residentshe residentshe residents’’’’ housing housing housing housing histories, actions and aspirations (histories, actions and aspirations (histories, actions and aspirations (histories, actions and aspirations (KellettKellettKellettKellett 2000). These respondents households were 2000). These respondents households were 2000). These respondents households were 2000). These respondents households were selected using snowballing sampling techniquesselected using snowballing sampling techniquesselected using snowballing sampling techniquesselected using snowballing sampling techniques– interviews and visual sorting tasks with 52 and 36 households ininterviews and visual sorting tasks with 52 and 36 households ininterviews and visual sorting tasks with 52 and 36 households ininterviews and visual sorting tasks with 52 and 36 households in the particular settlementsthe particular settlementsthe particular settlementsthe particular settlements

– questionnaires in one of the settlements for extended periods toquestionnaires in one of the settlements for extended periods toquestionnaires in one of the settlements for extended periods toquestionnaires in one of the settlements for extended periods to observe and document the observe and document the observe and document the observe and document the processes of homeprocesses of homeprocesses of homeprocesses of home----making, house construction and consolidation.making, house construction and consolidation.making, house construction and consolidation.making, house construction and consolidation.




Location of Case Studies in Location of Case Studies in Location of Case Studies in Location of Case Studies in BandungBandungBandungBandung


– Settlements that developed over a period of about 50 years on the Bandung city.

– Houses were initially constructed using earth and waste materials salvaged locally and from the garbage yards of the city

– Densities were high as many of the houses accommodated families of two or three generations in segmented spaces

– The settlements grew and evolved to reflect the complex socio-politics of a constantly expanding population, giving rise to a spontaneous order of space, routes and alleyways and social networks that were sometimes strained, undesirable and unhealthy.

The Characteristics of two caseThe Characteristics of two caseThe Characteristics of two caseThe Characteristics of two case----study areas :study areas :study areas :study areas :




The majority of the housing supply In many informal housing areas in Bandung :

– has been through collective, illegal and frequently violent invasions of land on which are erected poorly, temporary shelter made largely from recycled materials.

– gradually consolidate, as the residents incrementally construct houses of permanent materials, install infrastructure services and adorn them with their belongings to make home for themselves (Kellett 1999; 2005).

– the processes of home-making are the underlying forces that motivate people, the intentions and purposes behind their actions, and the roles played by individuals and institutions.

– some kinds of ‘homes’ were created at the very earliest stages of the settlement process

– the ways in which land is utilized and how materials and objects are employed to define and construct important places. (these material and non-material assimilations that can be seen as the manifestation of home which cannot be understood without recognition of the underlying forces)


THE MOTIVATION FOR MAKING HOME (4)THE MOTIVATION FOR MAKING HOME (4)THE MOTIVATION FOR MAKING HOME (4)THE MOTIVATION FOR MAKING HOME (4)

• Activated and complemented by transformation from the Activated and complemented by transformation from the Activated and complemented by transformation from the Activated and complemented by transformation from the position of homelessness to the establishment of a full sense ofposition of homelessness to the establishment of a full sense ofposition of homelessness to the establishment of a full sense ofposition of homelessness to the establishment of a full sense ofhomehomehomehome

• The motivations for making home by the desire: The motivations for making home by the desire: The motivations for making home by the desire: The motivations for making home by the desire: – to own through the acquisition of a piece of ground. to own through the acquisition of a piece of ground. to own through the acquisition of a piece of ground. to own through the acquisition of a piece of ground.

– to acquire and conform to popular images and conventions. to acquire and conform to popular images and conventions. to acquire and conform to popular images and conventions. to acquire and conform to popular images and conventions.

– for social acceptance, social respect and personal dignity. for social acceptance, social respect and personal dignity. for social acceptance, social respect and personal dignity. for social acceptance, social respect and personal dignity.

– to order and arrange space to fulfill household needs. to order and arrange space to fulfill household needs. to order and arrange space to fulfill household needs. to order and arrange space to fulfill household needs.

– to form a community to form a community to form a community to form a community




• The culture of the powerful socioThe culture of the powerful socioThe culture of the powerful socioThe culture of the powerful socio----psychological force is attachment to psychological force is attachment to psychological force is attachment to psychological force is attachment to landlandlandland

– It change the status of the family It change the status of the family It change the status of the family It change the status of the family ((((unrootednessunrootednessunrootednessunrootedness to to to to rootednessrootednessrootednessrootedness, squatter , squatter , squatter , squatter to residents, temporary to permanent)to residents, temporary to permanent)to residents, temporary to permanent)to residents, temporary to permanent)

– It invests It invests It invests It invests atuthorityatuthorityatuthorityatuthority and control of and control of and control of and control of

poser relations in the societyposer relations in the societyposer relations in the societyposer relations in the society

Gang Gang Gang Gang GagakGagakGagakGagak

RumahRumahRumahRumah SusunSusunSusunSusun IndustriIndustriIndustriIndustri DalamDalamDalamDalam

“The desire to own, the acquisition of a piece of ground has added by providing a level of stability and offering residential security and the possibility of passing something on to their children ” .

to own


• It It It It representxrepresentxrepresentxrepresentx social class, ex. social class, ex. social class, ex. social class, ex. rumahrumahrumahrumah susunsusunsusunsusun IndustriIndustriIndustriIndustri DalamDalamDalamDalam: images of the dwellings of : images of the dwellings of : images of the dwellings of : images of the dwellings of the underclassthe underclassthe underclassthe underclass



“A term home is not only perceived as the amount space enclosed within walls. It also has to confirm to popular images, which indicate status, a way of rising up the social ladder and an ability to acquire and conform to accepted tastes” .

to confirm to dominant images and conventions




• In gang gagak and jalan suci : through the furniture within the house.

• In rumah susun Industri : recreate the settlement forms of the villages where they have come from



“To achieve social acceptance, resources and efforts have been employed to satisfy ‘image and appearance needs’, sometimes before resolving practical questions of space and quality ” .

social acceptance, social respect and personal dignitysocial acceptance, social respect and personal dignitysocial acceptance, social respect and personal dignitysocial acceptance, social respect and personal dignity


� The establishment of divisions between private and public spaces to the articulation of specific places for individual family members.



“The desire to order and arrange space to fulfill family needs”

to order and arrange space to fulfill family needsto order and arrange space to fulfill family needsto order and arrange space to fulfill family needsto order and arrange space to fulfill family needs




• The urban poor lifestyle and survival is highly dependent on sharing :

– kinship clustering facilitates the shared use of streets, open areas and common facilities

– home and the entire settlement is perceived as ‘ours’ and thus ‘home of the community’.

– The forces behind the layout of settlements, houses, orientations and spatial linkages are thus community-oriented and encourage social interactions which enhance a sense of home.

– Invisible boundaries exist which can be crossed by insiders without violating the ‘rules’.



“The desire to form a community. Such kinship clustering facilitates the shared use of streets, open areas and common facilities become natural extensions of the home and the entire settlement is perceived as ‘ours’ and thus ‘home of the community”.

to form a communityto form a communityto form a communityto form a community


Making a spatial structure for habitation and dwelling Making a spatial structure for habitation and dwelling Making a spatial structure for habitation and dwelling Making a spatial structure for habitation and dwelling – Acquisition of land and construction of an extendable house (sites histories, meanings and values) – The desain of house : providing settings for social relations, articulated in a spatial structure to be ‘owned and

occupied’ by individual members of the family overlaid upon functional needs.

Filling the house with Filling the house with Filling the house with Filling the house with ‘‘‘‘thingsthingsthingsthings’’’’: personalizing space: personalizing space: personalizing space: personalizing space– Things that represent the values, affiliations, identities and aspirations of the dwellers

• furniture will be obtained for utilitarian purposes and to define space, the role of representation can be important. • Utility may become secondary to the symbolic if and when priorities are to be worked out.

– Imitation and follows not only the trends picked up from conventional urban neighborhoods but also through the media and commercial activities which generate and transmit them through informal vendors. These are processes which link poor urban dwellers and the urban middle class home.

Forming a family dwelling Forming a family dwelling Forming a family dwelling Forming a family dwelling – Home for the urban poor : making a home is synonymous with making a family and this link between family

and home • In rumah susun Industri Dalam for example, a one-bedroom house was occupied by two or three families each having

established ‘their home-places’ within a room, except for the shared kitchen.• In the Gang Gagak, Jalan Suci sharing of houses was very unusual. Households with larger dwellings would not consider

renting out space as all families valued their independence even if it meant living for long periods in very basic and substandard shelter.

MAKING HOME (5)MAKING HOME (5)MAKING HOME (5)MAKING HOME (5)PROCESSES AND PROGRAMS OFPROCESSES AND PROGRAMS OFPROCESSES AND PROGRAMS OFPROCESSES AND PROGRAMS OF




• Establishing a network of places: home as the centre of a univerEstablishing a network of places: home as the centre of a univerEstablishing a network of places: home as the centre of a univerEstablishing a network of places: home as the centre of a universe of places se of places se of places se of places – For the urban poor these networks may be as important as the house itself, because it is these networks that

offer opportunities to construct the urban community that they seek, an identity created through home-making processes

• Performing rituals to sanctify home Performing rituals to sanctify home Performing rituals to sanctify home Performing rituals to sanctify home – In many non-western societies, this involves sanctification of the ground through a series of rituals (a traditional

way of engaging the protection available to a family through cosmic energies and expelling the potential of evil presence)

• ‘before cutting the first sod of earth’, • laying the foundations, • starting the laying of bricks, • the first placement of roof timbers, • fixing of the first door frame, • passing through the door

MAKING HOME (5)MAKING HOME (5)MAKING HOME (5)MAKING HOME (5)PROCESSES AND PROGRAMS OFPROCESSES AND PROGRAMS OFPROCESSES AND PROGRAMS OFPROCESSES AND PROGRAMS OF


HOMEHOMEHOMEHOME----MAKING (6)MAKING (6)MAKING (6)MAKING (6)AS A CONTINUOUS PROCESSAS A CONTINUOUS PROCESSAS A CONTINUOUS PROCESSAS A CONTINUOUS PROCESS

Home-making

process

To build

To maintain

To enhance the

feeling of home

The continuously changing circumstances of the family and

social world

• refinements of display images

• personalization by means of furnishing and decoration • cultivation of social networks

• Added values by performing ceremonies (cultural, religious

and other orientations).

“For the poor dwellers, however, the home must be completed before the house because it is the sense of home that offers them the strength to attach and to dwell” (Heidegger 1954)




CONCLUSION (7)CONCLUSION (7)CONCLUSION (7)CONCLUSION (7)• The processes and practices of homeThe processes and practices of homeThe processes and practices of homeThe processes and practices of home----making are universal, despite important cultural specificities. making are universal, despite important cultural specificities. making are universal, despite important cultural specificities. making are universal, despite important cultural specificities. • In In In In suroundingsuroundingsuroundingsurounding rumahrumahrumahrumah susunsusunsusunsusun IndustriIndustriIndustriIndustri DalamDalamDalamDalam, , , ,

– The predominant means to acquire a building site has been to invade and occupy state land in the absence of affordable decent housing in the city.

– The incremental invasions, subject to the constraints of social hierarchy, power and negotiations, resulted in informal settlements comprising ad-hoc subdivisions and a curious separation of public and private spaces.

– The resulting spontaneous order often reflects the dominant forms of order of the surrounding urban areas.

– Homes came into being through occupation over time.– By defending them when confronted with intruders and government eviction orders, the inhabitants

consolidate a sense of belonging. – Homes however cannot fully develop in the presence of cognitive uncertainty despite the fact that people

had lived there for a long time and had made a home within the constraints of illegality.

• In In In In rumahrumahrumahrumah susunsusunsusunsusun IndustriIndustriIndustriIndustri DalamDalamDalamDalam, in contrast, , in contrast, , in contrast, , in contrast, – The settlement form follows a rigid conventional geometry conforming to dominant norms.

– The settlers believe this form is important to eventually achieve respectability and full acceptance.


• In both case study areas, Gang In both case study areas, Gang In both case study areas, Gang In both case study areas, Gang GagakGagakGagakGagak, , , , JalanJalanJalanJalan SuciSuciSuciSuci and and and and rumahrumahrumahrumah susunsusunsusunsusun IndustriIndustriIndustriIndustri DalamDalamDalamDalam the struggle goes the struggle goes the struggle goes the struggle goes on between homelessness and homeon between homelessness and homeon between homelessness and homeon between homelessness and home----making; a process which cannot be fulfilled without supportive making; a process which cannot be fulfilled without supportive making; a process which cannot be fulfilled without supportive making; a process which cannot be fulfilled without supportive interventions to remove external obstacles such as affordable acinterventions to remove external obstacles such as affordable acinterventions to remove external obstacles such as affordable acinterventions to remove external obstacles such as affordable access to land ownershipcess to land ownershipcess to land ownershipcess to land ownership

• The obstacles to homeThe obstacles to homeThe obstacles to homeThe obstacles to home----making : a need to remove the obstacles to the construction of smaking : a need to remove the obstacles to the construction of smaking : a need to remove the obstacles to the construction of smaking : a need to remove the obstacles to the construction of socially ocially ocially ocially relevant houses relevant houses relevant houses relevant houses vsvsvsvs the impact on homethe impact on homethe impact on homethe impact on home----makingmakingmakingmaking

• The only lowThe only lowThe only lowThe only low----income housing can also provide supportive contexts for occupatiincome housing can also provide supportive contexts for occupatiincome housing can also provide supportive contexts for occupatiincome housing can also provide supportive contexts for occupation and dwelling and on and dwelling and on and dwelling and on and dwelling and thus for making home : housing practices must struggle towards athus for making home : housing practices must struggle towards athus for making home : housing practices must struggle towards athus for making home : housing practices must struggle towards a greater degree of accommodation greater degree of accommodation greater degree of accommodation greater degree of accommodation of shared meanings and definitions of their perceived spatial stof shared meanings and definitions of their perceived spatial stof shared meanings and definitions of their perceived spatial stof shared meanings and definitions of their perceived spatial structures and formations.ructures and formations.ructures and formations.ructures and formations.

• The creation of home and a sense of home must be accomplished inThe creation of home and a sense of home must be accomplished inThe creation of home and a sense of home must be accomplished inThe creation of home and a sense of home must be accomplished in parallelparallelparallelparallel– to recognize the significance of home-making even for low-income housing– to engage important non-material issues in the process of housing provision

• A sense of home is an important and fundamental experiential comA sense of home is an important and fundamental experiential comA sense of home is an important and fundamental experiential comA sense of home is an important and fundamental experiential component of ponent of ponent of ponent of ‘‘‘‘living in the worldliving in the worldliving in the worldliving in the world’’’’, , , , without which life makes less sense and has less value even withwithout which life makes less sense and has less value even withwithout which life makes less sense and has less value even withwithout which life makes less sense and has less value even with materially complete dwellings.materially complete dwellings.materially complete dwellings.materially complete dwellings.




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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTACKNOWLEDGEMENTACKNOWLEDGEMENTACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This paper is an initial publication for research entitled “Poverty alleviation and self-help housing: Policy Transformation” http://www.ar.itb.ac.id/wdp/?paged=2

conducted to support the collaboration of SAPPK, Institut Teknologi Bandung and Direktorat Jenderal Perumahan Swadaya, Kementerian Perumahan Rakyat.

The authors would also like to thank all the people in the ‘Gang Gagak, Jalan Suci, Bandung’ and Industri Dalam settlements who gave so generously of their time.

The comments offered by Colleagues in Housing Settlement Research Group, ITB http://www.ar.itb.ac.id/pp/, on a draft of this paper are also highly appreciated.

The comments of two anonymous referees greatly helped to strengthen the arguments

THANK YOUTHANK YOUTHANK YOUTHANK YOU

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