Focused

Ethnographic

Bibliography

for the

Standard Cross-Cultural

Sample

From World Cultures Original Author: Douglas R. White

Prepared by William Divale

Divalebill@aol.com www.york.cuny.edu

718-262-2982 Fall 2000

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Contents

Page Focused Ethnographic Bibliography: Standard Cross-Cultural Sample.

World Cultures, Vol. 2(1). Douglas R. White (University of California, Irvine) 2 Assessment of Sources 6 Discussion 6 Ethical Considerations 8 Table 1. Listing of Societies in the Standard Sample 9 Bibliography of Coded Studies Using the Standard Sample 14 Ethnographic Bibliography of the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample. World Cultures, Vol. 2(1). Douglas R. White (University of California, Irvine)

Focused to Time and Place. 16-125 Acknowledgement: The bibliography listed here was compiled primarily by Douglas R. White, Ph.D. who is also the author of the article describing this bibliography. Dr. White was the founder and for many years the Editor of the journal World Cultures. The massive amount of work and the intellectual achievement of the bibliography, which was begun by George P. Murdock and expanded by Douglas R. White is not something to be taken lightly and is certainly appreciated by all cross-cultural researchers.

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Reprinted from World Cultures Vol. 2 August revision

Focused Ethnographic Bibliography: Standard Cross-Cultural Sample

Douglas R. White -- University of California, Irvine

Publication of the bibliography of ethnographic sources for the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample (Murdock and White 1969) marks a new phase in the development of professional access to the cross-cultural database. This phase builds on George Peter Murdock's lifelong work of assessing the quality of ethnographic descriptions, coding the ethno-graphic variables for his extensive Ethnographic Atlas (Murdock 1967), and classifying these societies in terms of cultural similarities. From 1967-69 he and I assessed thousands of candidate societies in order to pick the best described societies in each of 186 world cultural provinces, and to choose the earliest date of high-quality description for each so as to construct a representative world sample of high-quality ethnographies for comparative analysis. Each society was pinpointed to a particular community or locale, in addition to a focal date, to which the description applied. As contrasted to the loose assemblage of ethnographic materials pertaining to societies in the Human Relations Area Files -- of differing spatial and temporal foci and uneven quality -- our sample construction procedures assured future generations of cross-cultural researchers that the investment of time in coding the available ethnographic materials on these pinpointed units would bear fruit for comparative analysis. Many researchers have had access to either (a) the "pinpointing" sheets which we prepared for our 1969 article, which guided the coders for seven years of National Science Foundation funding of the Cross-Cultural Cumulative Coding Center (CCCCC), at the University of Pittsburgh, or (b) the shorter sample bibliographies which were published with each successive set of ethnographic codes (Murdock and White 1969; Murdock and Morrow 1970, Barry and Paxson 1971, Murdock and Wilson 1972, Tuden and Marshall 1972, Barry, Josephson, Lauer, and Marshall 1976). Nearly twenty years later, the successful fruits of this strategy are apparent. While this is not the place to review the extensive findings of cross-cultural research, over two-thirds of the hundreds of cross-cultural studies since 1969 (see Barry 1980 for a partial listing) have used the Standard Sample. Scores of authors have contributed anywhere from one to 100 coded variables for this sample. The coded data from the bulk of these studies have been assembled by researchers at the University of California, Irvine (White, Burton, Brudner 1982), over the past nine years, in a form suitable for electronic manipulation. In 1985, an electronic journal, World Cultures, was inaugurated as a means for disseminating cross-cultural coded data, bibliographies, codebooks, and related research materials. The current bibliography of ethnographic sources for the Standard Sample is now available in electronic form, where it can be employed by researchers for a variety of purposes.

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This bibliography consists, for each society in the Standard Sample, of: (1) the sources cited by each of the major studies which contributed extensive sets of coded

ethnographic variables (CCCCC studies including those cited above, plus others cited in the Appendix,

(2) new sources which have been published or become available or known to the author since the

original "pinpointing" sheets were prepared; and (3) citations to all of the above sources contained, as of 1985, in the Human Relations Area Files (1976,

1985). Some of the new sources contained in this bibliography were located by a bibliographer in 1979 under the direction of Alice Schlegel. The remainder were found by the author. Preliminary to the bibliography, in Table 1, is a list of the 186 societies in the Standard Sample, showing (1) the SCCS number, (2) the societal name, (3) the pinpointed date, (4) the sequential number in the Ethnographic Atlas, (4) the Ethnographic Atlas regional identity code, (5) the HRAF Outline of World Cultures (Murdock 1975) code, (6) the quality of the HRAF file, a=good, b=useful, c=inadequate, and (7) the pinpointed focus. The societies are listed by order of appearance in the Standard Sample. This list may be useful in organizing a coding project, particularly in identifying sources in HRAF. The quality of HRAF sources code is defined more fully (Murdock and White 1969: 28) as: (a) Satisfactory (102), containing a good selection of the source materials, including all the major sources. (b) Useful (45), including the major sources but an incomplete selection of other important ones and

thus adjudged adequate for most cross-cultural research but requiring supplementary library research on particular topics.

(c) Inadequate (4), lacking at least one of the major sources or several important ones and thus to be

used in cross-cultural research only with caution and preferably with supplementary library research. A comparison of the 1969 and 1985 HRAF quality codes indicates the extent to which the New Haven files have been upgraded: 1969 1985 a = good 74 98 b = useful 25 27 c = inadequate 18 10 Totals 117 135

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The bibliography is presented in the same order as the societies are listed in Table 1. Each set of bibliographic entries for a society is headed by

(1) the SCCS number (Murdock and White 1969), (2) sequential EA number (Murdock 1967), (3) regional EA identity code (Murdock 1967), (4) societal name, (5) pinpointed focus; and, on the second line, (6) G: the geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) of the pinpointed group, and (7) T: pinpointed time.

Groups of bibliographic entries are ordered under one of six headings that were part of the initial design of the bibliography for the sample (Murdock and White 1969, Murdock and White, n.d.):

1. Principal Authority(ies) - pertaining to the pinpointed group and time.

2. Other Dependable Primary Sources - pertaining to different dates, (1) and/or adjacent groups representing the same ethnic and local cultures.

3. Auxiliary Primary Sources - pertaining to other similar groups of the same culture, or the

general region to which the focal group belongs.

4. Useful Secondary Sources - summaries, reviews, or analyses of the culture in question, based on readings of the principal authorities and others. These are asterisked (*) when they are of similar utility for coding as the principal authorities.

5. Other Sources - regional histories, bibliographies, etc.

6. Sources to be Avoided - pertaining to the general ethnic group in question, but containing

known inaccuracies, marked differences from the focal group, etc. Two lines of numbers and codes appear to the left of each bibliographic item. The upper line is a string of seven numbers, dashes, zeros, or new source (^) indicators. The numbers indicate the rank order of use of the ethnographic sources, for a given society, for each of seven major sets of coded variables. These seven numbers thus indicate a rough ranking -- not an absolute scale -- of the quality of each source for each of seven topics: 1. Subsistence and Economics (Murdock and Morrow 1970) 2. Settlement Organization (Murdock and Wilson 1972) 3. Infancy and Child Training [0-4 years of age] (Barry and Paxson 1971) 4. Childhood [4-12 years of age] (Barry, Josephson, Lauer, and Marshall

1976) 5. Political Organization (Tuden and Marshall 1972) 6. Division of Labor (Murdock and Provost 1973a) 7. Illness Beliefs (Murdock, Wilson and Frederick 1978)

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Each of these seven major studies reported their own evaluation of the usefulness of the sources for particular ethnographic topics. Principal authorities, for example, will often have a string of ones, twos or threes, e.g., 1111111, 1122111, 3101122 indicating that they were the often first, second, or third most useful source in coding the respective topics above. Dashes indicate that a given source was available and consulted, but not used in the coding of the given topic. Zeros (0) -- of which there are few -- indicate that the source may have been located by the CCCCC staff after the coding on the topic was completed. This could be clarified by further investigation at the CCCCC files in Pittsburgh. New study (^) indicators are sources that became available -- or known to the authors -- after the completion of coding on the topic, usually because of a later date of publication. For some entries, an additional symbol (+ or &) is found at the end of the string of seven numbers. These indicate additional sources cited in studies of two other topics: 8. + Sexual Attitudes (Broude and Greene 1976) [all 186 societies coded: additional sources for 13 societies plus three alternates are cited]. & Status of Women (Whyte 1979) [93 societies coded: additional sources cited for two societies]. The lower of the two lines of codes to the left of each entry identify, where pertinent, the number of the source in the Human Relations Area Files. For example, FX13= 1i indicates, for L. Schultze, 1907, Aus Namaland und Kalahari, Jena, that this source on the Nama Hottentot is found in the FX13 file of HRAF, according to the Outline of World Cultures (OWC) classification (F=Africa, FX=South Africa, FX13=Hottentot, FX13= 1 for the first source). If a small letter i is found after this entry, it means that the HRAF file is incomplete in terms of pages from the source (e.g., only those pages pertaining to the Hottentot have been included). Sources which are lacking in HRAF are given successive small letter codes in the seventh column of the lower line of codes where the number of the source in HRAF normally appears. Thus, any source in the bibliography can be referred to by the name of the society, plus either a numeral (for the HRAF sources) or a letter (for non-HRAF sources). This provides a highly convenient way for new published codes to refer to sources in a compact form, so that page references may also be given. It is strongly recommended that all future codes utilize this convention and provide source and page numbers keyed to each individual code. This will permit the electronic database, currently being distributed through the World Cultures electronic journal, to index specific coded information on each society back to the published sources from which the information was extracted. The bibliographic entries give only:

(1) Author(s), last names and initials, (2) date(s) of publication and relevant editions, (3) titles of books or articles, without subtitles, (4) journal titles for articles,

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(5) book titles for articles, and the editors thereof, (6) place of publication, and university in the case of dissertations.

While abbreviated (e.g., in comparison to HRAF bibliographic format), this is sufficient information to locate each source and its publisher. Assessment of Sources A considerable number of new ethnographic sources relevant to the pinpointed Standard Sample of 186 societies have been published since selection of the sample (Murdock and White 1969). New sources are of particular importance for the !Kung Bushmen (Harvard Kalahari Research Group), Nyakyusa (Wilson 1977, others), Kikuyu (Leakey 1977), Ganda (miscellaneous), Mbuti (Turnbull 1983), Ibo (Egboh ? ?), Ashanti (Fortes 198?, Wilks 1975), Wolof (Irvine 1973), Songhai (minor), Fulani (auxiliary), Hausa (Smith 1978, secondary to focus), ... Huron ( ) ... etc. With the publication of so many new ethnographic sources in the decades since this sample was prepared and pinpointed in terms of the best earliest description in each cultural province a question naturally arises. Are the original sampling choices still the best early-described focal units in their respective provinces? For the Nyae Nyae focus among the !Kung Bushmen, based on extensive work by the Marshall family beginning in the 1950's, has now been surpassed in depth of coverage in many areas by the work, begun in the 1960's, of the Kalahari Research Group on the neighboring Dobe !Kung. The coverage of one unit, however, is often complementary to that in the other, and in coding either one it is useful to examine both sets of materials. In this case, rather than replace one with the other for cross-cultural sampling purposes, the optimal scientific strategy is to code both separately one after the other, note the similarities and differences, make whatever inferences from one to the other as are strictly justified, contribute both to the cumulative databank, and choose one for sampling purposes. Other questions of sample redesign will be taken up in a separate article. Discussion The World Cultures electronic journal is distributing the cross-cultural database, including nearly a thousand coded variables for Murdock and White's (1969) Standard Cross-Cultural Sample. Many cross-cultural researchers are now analyzing coded cross-cultural data at microcomputer work-stations. The codes are read by programs which enable one to do statistical and distributional analysis, mathematical modeling, and hypothesis testing. Codebooks in electronic form are manipulated by word processing programs, and easily easily reorganized to suit the particular aims of a research project, publication, or classroom use. The bibliography provided here is also available in electronic form. It can be electronically manipulated with the aid of a database management system. The entries can be sorted by HRAF number, alphabetized by author, keyworded by topic and sorted, or used in a bibliographic retrieval system. Or, it can simply be edited in any word processing program, and culled or reorganized for a particular publication, research project, or classroom use.

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Many anthropology and sociology departments now have microcomputers available both for faculty and students. In a number of departments, instructional use is made of these materials. For many years at UC Irvine, I have taught an undergraduate course on Comparing Cultures in which students read ethnographies, learn to make systematic comparisons, rate their societies on code sheets, extract empirical hypotheses from their readings that are testable with coded cross-cultural data, learn to use codebooks for an existing ethnographic databank to find relevant variables for testing their hypotheses, run cross-tabulations, and learn how to evaluate comparative evidence for or against their hypotheses. A set of rapid microcomputer developments relevant to comparative ethnographic analysis is graphics, electronic cartography, and electronic sensing. Many graphics programs are available for presentation of data and visualization of distributions or relationships in empirical findings. Color printers are now inexpensive for personal or microcomputers, and a wide range of applications for the analysis of comparative anthropological data has opened up. Maps can be converted to electronic/graphics form. For about triple the cost of an ordinary microcomputer work-station or high-end personal computer, Geographic Informations Systems (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) image processing (e.g., of NOAA weather-satellite data) systems are available. They are within a tolerable range of complexity for anthropologists who wish to develop skills in the use of electronic cartography or ecological analysis from RS data. The coupling of the electronic cross-cultural database, based on sources in the current bibliography, with geographic information and remote imaging systems has considerable potential for the development of anthropology at a worldwide scale of analysis. HRAF is beginning an ambitious project to computerize their ethnographic text files. The current bibliography and its compact source-referencing system provide the needed linkage between HRAF's text files and the existing and future cross-cultural data in the form of coded variables. As researchers publish their source and page references for each of their codes on a sample of societies, it will be possible to move electronically: - from coded information to the text from which it was extracted, - from ethnographic text to codes extracted from the text. It is a matter of time -- the technology being now available -- before researchers with a microcomputer work-station can move back and forth between coded cross-cultural data on a particular society and the descriptive ethnographic text, in electronic form. The step of linking coded comparative data, through an indexed source bibliography such as provided here, back to the original text, is much needed both for comparative studies and for anthropology generally. One of the greatest current weaknesses of the cross-cultural database is the fact that the researchers who constructed the coded variables largely ignored the measurement of reliability and assessment of the validity of codes and coding categories. Code-to-text linkage via indexed bibliography will greatly facilitate studies of reliability and validity, and aid in reconceptualizing and recategorizing coded ethnographic variables, or developing new and improved measures of sociocultural phenomena. For the anthropologist, researcher, or student interested in one or a particular set of societies, the text-to-code linkage provides a means of studying how particular ethnographic materials (texts, descriptions)

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have been interpreted in a comparative framework. Such use of these materials may help to identify key unsolved problems of ethnographic and ethnological analysis. In the meantime, the bibliography provided here will be a useful scholarly research tool for comparative researchers organizing coding projects, or instructors who need high-quality bibliographies for particular societies. Ethical Considerations Discussion of a world databank and electronic data processing raises the type of question posed by Margaret Mead, at the height of Anthropology's self-questioning, in the 1970 meeting of the American Anthropological Association. Are we not ethically beholden to avoid the centralization of our data sources? The question, as we shall see, is wrongly stated. The more appropriate question is what are the safeguards of anthropological ethics in the construction and use of databases? Scientific databases of ethnographic materials, such as the present case, do not provide comprehensive coverage of all human groups, or even of contemporary data. Hypothesis testing requires only a sampling of the available data. By summing the focal group sizes of the Standard Sample and dividing by the world population, one arrives at an estimate of the sampling fraction: 1/2000 is a high estimate. By design, however, we have over-sampled the tribal groups of the world, at a ball park fraction of 1/200. The average pinpointed date in the sample is ca. 1860, and the median 1910. For the tribal groups, the average and medians are more recent: ca. 1900 and 1930, respectively. For tribal groups that are undoubtedly "at risk" in the contemporary world, would anything be gained by scrapping the enterprise of scientific databanking, or disguising the identities of the 1/200 groups sampled at historical dates of 1900-1930, plus or minus 50? Our research at UC Irvine has taken the opposite tack. We have not been content with the anthropological fiction that the earliestethnographic descriptions provide a picture of traditional societies in their relatively pure or isolated state, as independent evolutionary experiments. First, we developed a set of methods that would allow us to test "functional" hypotheses more accurately given knowledge of actual historical connections (White, Burton, Dow 1981, Dow, Burton and White 1982, Dow, White and Burton 1982, Dow, Burton, Reitz and White, 1984). Second, well aware of the heavy colonial and world impacts on "remote" societies even at the time of earliest ethnnographic description, we have pursued a strategy, funded by NSF, of studying and coding world system variables -- world commodity and labor markets, colonialism, proselytization, dominant/non-dominant relations, etc. -- as they have impacted on the Standard Sample societies. Much of the material for these studies comes from regional and economic histories, and is only sparsely discussed by the ethnographers. Databanking of materials relevant to scientific questions, as in the world systems study, can also illuminate the severe dimensions of the problems of tribal peoples. At the end of our world systems project we will add to the present bibliography a select bibliography of sources relevant to an assessment of the relationships between local level societies and larger world systems.

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TABLE 1: Listing of Societies in the Standard Sample No. Society (SCCS) Date Seq. E.A. HRAF q Focus 1. Nama Hottentot 1860 102 Aa3 FX13 a Gei/Khauan tribe 2. Kung Bushmen 1950 1 Aa1 FX10 a Nyai Nyae region 3. Thonga 1865 104 Ab4 FT6 a Ronga subtribe 4. Lozi 1900 103 Ab3 FQ9 a Ruling Luyana 5. Mbundu 1890 202 Ab5 FP13 a Bailundo subtribe 6. Suku 1920 731 Ac17 Feshi territory lineage center 7. Bemba 1897 105 Ac3 FQ5 b Zambia branch 8. Nyakyusa 1934 208 Ad6 FN17 a Age villages of Mwaya and Masoko 9. Hadza 1930 726 Aa9 Tribe 10. Luguru 1925 704 Ad14 Morogoro District 11. Kikuyu 1920 108 Ad3 FL10 a Fort Hall or Metume district 12. Ganda 1875 306 Ad7 FK7 a Kyaddondo district (V: Kampala) 13. Mbuti 1950 202 Aa5 FO4 a Epulu net-hunters, Ituri forest 14. Nkundo Mongo 1930 110 Ae4 FO32 a Ilanga group 15. Banen 1935 830 Ae51 Ndiki subtribe 16. Tiv 1920 116 Ah3 FF57 a Tar of Benue Province 17. Ibo 1935 643 Af10 FF26 a E. Isu-Ana group of South Ibo 18. Fon 1890 10 Af1 City and environs of Abomey 19. Ashanti 1895 111 Af3 FE12 a Kumasi State 20. Mende 1945 211 Af5 FC7 a Vicinity of town of Bo 21. Wolof 1950 21 Cb2 MS30 a Upper and lower Salum in Gambia 22. Bambara 1902 12 Ag1 FA8 a Segou to Bamako on Niger River 23. Tallensi 1934 114 Ag4 FE11 a Tribe 24. Songhai 1940 122 Cb3 Bamba division 25. Pastoral Fulani 1951 1082 Cb24 Wodaabe of Niger 26. Hausa 1900 1084 Cb26 MS12 b Zazzagawa of Zaria 27. Massa (Masa) 1910 646 Ai9 Around Yagoua in Cameroon 28. Azande 1905 117 Ai3 FO7 a Yambio Chiefdom 29. Fur (Darfur) 1880 875 Cb17 Jebel Marra 30. Otoro Nuba 1930 647 Ai10 Nuba Hills 31. Shilluk 1910 218 Ai6 FJ23 a Kingdom 32. Mao 1939 1062 Ai47 Northern division 33. Kaffa (Kafa) 1905 860 Ca30 Kingdom 34. Masai 1900 119 Aj2 FL12 c Kisonko or S. Masai of Tanzania 35. Konso 1935 18 Ca1 Town of Buso 36. Somali 1900 19 Ca2 MO4 c Dolbahanta clan or subtribe 37. Amhara 1953 679 Ca7 MP5 a Gondar district 38. Bogo 1855 867 Ca37 Tribe 39. Kenuzi Nubians 1900 24 Cd1 Kenuzi Nubians of Dahmit 40. Teda 1950 23 Cc2 MS22 Nomads of Tibesti 41. Tuareg 1900 880 Cc9 MS25 a Ahaggaren tribe 42. Riffians 1926 125 Cd3 MX3 b Entirety: Moroccan 43. Egyptians 1950 124 Cd2 MR13 a Town and environs of Silwa 44. Hebrews - 621 230 Cj3 Kingdom of Judea 45. Babylonians -1750 413 Cj4 City and environs of Babylon 46. Rwala Bedouin 1913 132 Cj2 MD4 a Unspecified 47. Turks 1950 653 Ci5 MB1 b Northern Anatolian Plateau 48. Gheg Albanians 1910 25 Ce1 EG1 a Mountain Gheg of No. Albania 49. Romans 110 126 Ce3 EI9 City and environs of Rome 50. Basques 1934 225 Ce4 Village of Vera de Bidasoa

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No. Society (SCCS) Date Seq. E.A. HRAF q Focus 51. Irish 1932 128 Cg3 ER6 a County Clare 52. Lapps 1950 129 Cg4 EP4 a Konkama District 53. Yurak Samoyed 1894 136 Ec4 RU4 a Tribe 54. Russians 1955 1257 Ch11 RF1 c Viriatino Village 55. Abkhaz 1880 1265 Ci12 RI3 b Tribe 56. Armenians 1843 912 Ci10 RJ1* - Vicinity of Erevan 57. Kurd 1951 913 Ci11 MA11 c Town and environs of Rowanduz 58. Basseri 1958 358 Ea6 Nomadic branch 59. Punjabi (West) 1950 1258 Ea13 Mohla Village 60. Gond 1938 142 Eg3 AW32 a Hill Maria 61. Toda 1900 143 Eg4 AW60 a Tribe 62. Santal 1940 42 Ef1 AW42 Bankura and Berghum Districts 63. Uttar Pradesh 1945 1260 Ef11 AW19 c Village and environs of Senapur 64. Burusho 1934 139 Ee2 AV7 a Hunza State 65. Kazak 1885 35 Eb1 RQ2 b Great Horde 66. Khalka Mongols 1920 134 Eb3 AH4* b Narobanchin Territory 67. Lolo 1910 40 Ed2 AE4 c Liang Shan and Taliang S 68. Lepcha 1937 140 Ee3 AK5 a Lingthem and vicinity 69. Garo 1955 47 Ei1 AR5 Rengsanggri Village 70. Lakher 1930 147 Ei4 Tribe 71. Burmese 1965 146 Ei3 AP1 c Nondwin Village 72. Lamet 1940 49 Ej1 Tribe, Northwestern Laos 73. Vietnamese 1930 149 Ej4 AM1 a Red River Delta in Tonkin 74. Rhade 1962 456 Ej10 Ko-Sier Village 75. Khmer 1292 248 Ej5 City of Angkor, Capital 76. Siamese 1955 367 Ej9 AO7 c Bang Chan Village 77. Semang 1925 148 Ej3 AN7 b Jehai Group or subtribe 78. Nicobarese 1870 244 Eh5 Car Nicobar of North Islands 79. Andamanese 1860 45 Eh1 AZ2 a Aka-Bea of South Andaman 80. Vedda 1860 145 Eh4 AX5 a Danigala Forest hunting group 81. Tanala 1925 144 Eh3 FY8 b Menabe subtribe 82. Negri Sembilan 1958 1262 Eh16 Inas District 83. Javanese 1954 54 Ib2 OE5 Town and environs of Pare 84. Balinese 1958 152 Ib3 OF7 c Tihingan Village 85. Iban 1950 53 Ib1 OC6 a Ulu Ai Group 86. Badjau 1963 1099 Ia13 Tawi-Tawi and adjacent islands 87. Toradja 1910 254 Ic5 OG11 Bare'e subgroup 88. Tobelorese 1900 1118 Ic10 Tobelo District 89. Alorese 1938 154 Ic2 OF5 a Abui of Atimelang Village 90. Tiwi 1929 157 Id3 OI20 a Tribe: Melville Island 91. Aranda 1896 56 Id1 OI8 a Alice Springs and environs 92. Orokaiva 1925 457 Ie9 OJ23 a Aiga subtribe 93. Kimam 1960 1101 Ie18 Bamol Village 94. Kapauku 1955 57 Ie1 OJ29 c Botukebo Village 95. Kwoma 1960 655 Ie12 OJ13 Hongwam subtribe 96. Manus 1937 373 Ig9 OM6 a Peri Villag 97. New Ireland 1930 163 Ig4 OM10 a Lesu Village 98. Trobrianders 1914 62 Ig2 OL6 a Kiriwina Island 99. Siuai 1939 61 Ig1 Northeastern group 100. Tikopia 1930 66 Ii2 OT11 a Ravenga District 101. Pentecost 1953 164 Ih3 Bunlap Village 102. Mbau Fijians 1840 1267 Ih14 Bau Chiefdom, Vanua Levu

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No. Society (SCCS) Date Seq. E.A. HRAF q Focus 103. Ajie 1845 263 Ih5 Neje Chiefdom 104. Maori 1820 167 Ij2 OZ4 c Nga Puhi Tribe 105. Marquesans 1800 168 Ij3 OX6 c Te-i'i Chiefdom S.W. Nuku Hiva 106. Western Samoans 1829 1263 Iil4 OU8 b Aana in Western Upolu Island 107. Gilbertese 1890 633 If4 Makin and Butiritari Islands (N) 108. Marshallese 1900 1266 Ih14 OR11 a Jaluit Atoll 109. Trukese 1947 60 If2 OR19 b Romonum Island 110. Yapese 1910 260 If6 OR22 a Island 111. Palauans 1947 59 If1 Ulimang Village 112. Ifugao 1910 150 Ia3 OA19 b Kiangan Group 113. Atayal 1930 51 Ia1 AD1 c Tribe (but excluding Sedeq) 114. Chinese 1936 1259 Ed15 AF1 a Kaihsienkung Village, Chekiang 115. Manchu 1915 137 Ed3 AG1 a Aigun District 116. Koreans 1947 39 Ed1 AA1 a Kanghwa Island 117. Japanese 1950 237 Ed5 AB43 Southern Okayama 118. Ainu 1880 325 Ec7 AB6 c Saru Basin in Hokkaido 119. Gilyak 1890 37 Ec1 RX2 a Sakhalin Island 120. Yukaghir 1850 236 Ec6 Upper Kolyma River 121. Chukchee 1900 135 Ec3 RY2 a Reindeer Division 122. Ingalik 1885 377 Na8 Shageluk Village 123. Aleut 1800 458 Na9 NA6 a Unalaska Branch 124. Copper Eskimo 1915 169 Na3 ND8 a Coronation Gulf 125. Montaganais 1910 495 Na32 NH6 a Lake St. John & Mistassahi Band 126. Micmac 1650 504 Na41 NJ5 b Mainland division 127. Saulteaux 1930 496 Na33 NG6 b Berens River band 128. Slave 1940 466 Na17 Lynx Point band 129. Kaska 1900 170 Na4 ND12 a Upper Liard River Group 130. Eyak 1890 270 Nb5 Tribe 131. Haida 1875 70 Nb1 Masset Town 132. Bellacoola 1880 471 Nb9 NE6 a Central group, lower B.C. River 133. Twana 1860 71 Nb2 Tribe 134. Yurok 1850 172 Nb4 NS31 b Tsurai Village 135. Pomo (Eastern) 1850 533 Nc18 NS18 a Clear Lake, Village of Cignon 136. Yokuts (Lake) 1850 539 NC24 NS29 a Tulare Lake 137. Paiute (North.) 1870 564 Nd22 NR13 a Wadadika of Harney Valley 138. Klamath 1860 523 Nc8 NR10 Tribe 139. Kutenai 1890 380 Nd7 Lower or eastern branch 140. Gros Ventre 1880 75 Ne1 NQ13 a Tribe 141. Hidatsa 1836 622 Ne15 Village 142. Pawnee 1867 342 Nf6 NQ18 c Skidi Band or subtribe 143. Omaha 1860 179 Nf3 NQ12 b Tribe 144. Huron 1634 79 Ng1 Bear and Cord Subtribes 145. Creek 1800 180 Ng3 NN11 Upper division in Alabama 146. Natchez 1718 385 Ng7 c Kingdom 147. Comanche 1870 177 Ne3 NO6 Tribe 148. Chiricahua 1870 81 Nh1 NT8 a Central band 149. Zuni 1880 183 Nh4 NT23 Pueblo 150. Havasupai 1918 175 Nd3 NT14 a Tribe 151. Papago 1910 184 Ni2 NU28 a Archie division 152. Huichol 1890 282 Ni3 a Tribe 153. Aztec 1520 185 Nj2 NU7 City & environs of Tenochtitlan 154. Popoluca 1940 284 Nj3 b Town and environs of Soteapan

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No. Society (SCCS) Date Seq. E.A. HRAF q Focus 155. Quiche 1930 1166 Sa13 Town of Chichicastenango 156. Miskito 1921 390 Sa9 SA15 Vicinity: Cape Gracias a Dios 157. Bribri 1917 287 Sa5 SA19 b Tribe 158. Cuna (Tule) 1927 85 Sa1 SB5 a San Blas Archipelago 159. Goajiro 1947 391 Sb6 SC13 a Tribe 160. Haitians 1935 1237 Sb9 SV3 b Town of Mirebalais 161. Callinago 1650 87 Sb1 ST13 a Dominica Island 162. Warrau 1935 88 Sc1 SS18 a Winikina of Orinoco Delta 163. Yanomamo 1965 1264 Sd9 SQ18 Shamatari Tribe 164. Carib (Barama) 1932 189 Sc3 SR9 a Barama River 165. Saramacca 1928 392 Sc6 SR8 a Upper Suriname River 166. Mundurucu 1850 90 Sd1 SQ13 b Cabrua Village 167. Cubeo (Tucano) 1939 293 Se5 SQ19 Village on Caduiari River 168. Cayapa 1908 194 Sf3 SD6 a Rio Cayapas Basin 169. Jivaro 1920 191 Se3 SD9 a Tribe 170. Amahuaca 1960 634 Se8 Upper Inuya River 171. Inca 1530 93 Sf1 SE13 b City and environs of Cuzco 172. Aymara 1940 193 Sf2 SF5 a Chucuito Clan community in Peru 173. Siriono 1942 91 Se1 SF21 a Vicinity of the Rio Blanco 174. Nambicuara 1940 198 Si4 SP17 a Cocozu Group 175. Trumai 1938 98 Si2 SP23 Village of Vanivani 176. Timbira 1915 200 Sj4 SO8 b Ramcocamecra or Canella 177. Tupinamba 1550 400 Sj8 SO9 a Hinterland of Rio de Janeiro 178. Botocudo 1884 299 Sj5 Naknenuk subtribe 179. Shavante 1958 1184 Sj11 Village of Sao Domingo 180. Aweikoma 1932 199 Sj3 SM3 Duque de Caxias Reservation 181. Cayua 1890 1170 Sj10 SM4 S. Mato Grosso & adj. Paraguay 182. Lengua 1889 1168 Sh9 Those in contact with mission 183. Abipon 1750 196 Sh3 SI4 a Those in contact with mission 184. Mapuche 1950 195 Sg2 SG4 c Vicinity of Temuco 185. Tehuelche 1870 349 Sg4 SH5 a Equestrian 186. Yahgan 1865 94 Sg1 SH6 b Eastern and central

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Notes: 8. Nyakyusa materials are found in the HRAF Ngonde file (FN17) 56,66* The HRAF files are found in the OWC files [Khalka, Armenians]. 59. West rather than East Panjab (HRAF AW6) 102. Mbau rather than Lau Fijians (Atlas #165, Ih4, HRAF OQ6);although the

Bau chiefdom moved to Vanua Levu, the focus is not the same as the Atlas Vanua Levu (Atlas #694, Ih8, 1940, village of Nakaroka).

106. Western rather than American Samoans (Atlas #65, Ii1, OU4). 102. Jaluit rather than Majuro Marshallese (Atlas #160, If3, HRAF also

OR11) 111. Ulimang village focus, not Koror (as in Atlas #59, If1) Synonyms: 9. Kindiga 97. Lesu 156. Mosquito 17. Igbo 101. Bunlap 157. Talamanca 18. Dahomey 125. Naskapi 162. Warao 19. Twi 127. Ojibwa 163. Yanoama 39. Barabra 129. Nahane 165. Bush Negroes 43. Fellahin 143. Dhegiha 180. Caingang 73. Annamese 148. Eastern Apache 181. Guarani 76. Thai 150. Plateau Yumans 184. Araucanians

14

Appendix: Bibliography of Coded Studies Using the Standard Sample 1. G. P. Murdock and Diana O. Morrow. 1970. Subsistence Economy and Supportive Practices: Cross-Cultural Codes 1. Ethnology 9:302-330. 2. G. P. Murdock and Suzanne F. Wilson. 1972. Settlement Patterns and Community Organization: Cross Cultural Codes 3. Ethnology 11:254-295. 3. Herbert Barry III and Leonora M. Paxson. 1971. Infancy and Early Childhood: Cross-Cultural Codes 2. Ethnology 10:466-508. 4. Herbert Barry III, Lili Josephson, Edith Lauer, and Catherine Marshall. 1976. Traits Inculcated in Childhood: Cross-Cultural Codes 5. Ethnology 15:83-114. 5. Arthur Tuden and Catherine Marshall. 1972. Political Organization: Cross-Cultural Codes 4. Ethnology 11:436-464. (Coded only as additional sources to 1-3 above.) 6. George P. Murdock and Caterina Provost. 1973. Factors in the Division

of Labor by Sex: A Cross-Cultural Analysis. Ethnology 12: 2-3-225. 7. George P. Murdock. 1980. Theories of Illness: A World Survey. PittsburgHRAF: University of Pittsburgh Press. 8+ Gwen J. Broude and Sarah J. Greene. 1976. Cross-Cultural Codes on Twenty Sexual Attitudes and Practices. Ethnology 12: 409-29. [all 186 societies coded: additional sources for 13 societies plus three alternates are cited]. 8& Martin K. Whyte. 1979. Cross-Cultural Codes Dealing with the Relative Status of Women. Ethnology 17:211-37. [93 societies coded: additional sources cited for two societies]. The initial sample design, several codes, and suggested primary and secondary authorities, as well as the pinpointing of the best described social units in time and space, are found in: 9. Murdock, George P., and Douglas R. White. 1969. Standard Cross-

Cultural Sample. Ethnology 8: 329-369. Additional codes drawing on the same bibliographic references are provided in: 10. Murdock, George P., and Catherine Provost. 1973. Measurement of Cultural Complexity. Ethnology 12: 379-392. 11. Barry, Herbert, III, L. Josephson, E. Lauer, and C. Marshall. 1977. Agents and Techniques for Child Training: Cross-Cultural Codes 6. Ethnology 16: 191-230. 12. Murdock, George P., S.F. Wilson, and V. Frederick. 1978. World Distributions of Theories of Illness. Ethnology 17: 449-470 (see #7).

15

13. Schlegel, Alice, and Herbert Barry III. 1979. Adolescent Initiation Ceremonies: A Cross-Cultural Code. Ethnology 18: 199-210. 14. Rohner, Ronald P., and Evelyn C. Rohner. 1981. Parental-Acceptance- Rejection and Parental Control: Cross-Cultural Codes. Ethnology 20: 245-260. Studies 1 through 6, 6A, 6B, and 8 through 12 are reprinted in: 15. Herbert Barry III and Alice Schlegel, eds. 1980. Cross-Cultural Codes and Samples. PittsburgHRAF: University of Pittsburgh Press. Reserved symbols: Orthography ø o degree latitude, longitude ? ?? missing bibliographic information 0 0 0 0 unsure as to focus and whether to include ? ? ? ? ‚ e right accent (French) } Š e left accent { = HRAF source

16

HRAF:FX13 SCCS# 1 EA# 102 Aa3 Nama Hottentot. Focus: Gei//Khauan tribe. G:27ø30'S, 17øE. T:1860. 1. Principal Authority(ies) 1411112 Schultze, L. 1907. Aus Namaland und Kalahari. Jena. FX13= 1 i 2. Other Dependable Primary Sources 0204000 Hoernl‚, A. W. 1925. The Social Organization of the Nama FX13= 4 Hottentots. American Anthropologist, n.s., 27: 1-24. 0000001 Hoernl‚, A. W. 1918. Certain Rites of Transition and the FX13= 3 Conception of !Nau among the Hottentots. Harvard African Studies 2:65-82. 4. �Useful Secondary Sources 2122221 *Schapera, I. 1930. The Khoisan Peoples of South Africa. FX13= 2 London. 030303 Murdock, G. P. 1934. Our Primitive Contemporaries, pp. a 475-507. New York. 5. �Other Sources ^^^^^ Kohler, C. 1970. A new contribution to Nama Studies. African b Studies 29: 279-285.

HRAF:FX10 SCCS# 2 EA# 1 Aa1 Kung Bushmen. Focus: Nyae Nyae region.

G:19ø50'S, 20ø35'E. T:1950.

1. �Principal Authority(ies) ^^^^^ Marshall, L(orna). 1976. The !Kung of Nyae Nyae. a Cambridge, Mass. 1022110 Marshall, L. 1960. !Kung Bushman Bands. Africa 30: 325-355. b 0100221 Marshall, L. 1965. The !Kung Bushmen of the Kalahari Desert. FX10=15 Peoples of Africa, ed. J. L. Gibbs, Jr., pp. 241-278. New York. 0011332 Marshall, L. 1959. Marriage among !Kung Bushmen. Africa FX10= 1 29: 335-364 2033000 Marshall, L. 1961. Sharing, Talking and Giving. Africa FX10=12 31: 231-249. Reprinted in R. B. Lee and I. DeVore 1976. (below). 0000001 Marshall, L. 1962. !Kung Bushman Religious Beliefs. Africa FX10=13 32:221-252. 0000000 Marshall, L. 1957a. The Kin Terminology System of the !Kung FX10= 5 Bushmen. Africa 27: 1-25. 0000000 Marshall, L. 1957b. N!ow. Africa 27: 232-240. FX10= 6

17

0004000 Thomas, E. M. 1959. The Harmless People. New York, FX10= 9 Alfred A. Knopf. 0000400 Marshall, Lawrence, and Lorna Marshall. 1956. !Kung Bushmen c of South West Africa. South West Africa Annual 1956: 11-23. ^^^^^ Marshall, J. 1956. The Hunters. Somerville, Mass. (Film) d ^^^^^ Marshall, J. 1957. Ecology of the !Kung Bushmen. Senior e Honors Thesis, Harvard. 0000000 Marshall, J. 1958. Man as a Hunter. Natural History 67(6): FX10=11 291-309, (7):376-395. 2. �Other Dependable Primary Sources ^^^^^ Lee, R. B. 1979. The !Kung San. Cambridge. [Dobe !Kung]. f ^^^^^ Lee, R. B. 1972. The !Kung Bushmen in Botswana. Hunters and g Gatherers Today, ed. M. Bicchieri. pp. 327-368. New York. ^^^^^ Lee, R. B. 1966. Subsistence Ecology of !Kung Bushmen. FX10=16 Ph. D. Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley. ^^^^^ Lee, R. B. 1968. What Hunters do for a Living. Man the Hunter, h ed. R. B. Lee and I. DeVore, eds., pp. 30-48. Chicago. ^^^^^ Lee, R. B. 1974. Male-Female Residence Arrangements and Political i Power in Human Hunter-Gatherers. Archives of Sexual Behavior 3: 167-173. ^^^^^ Lee, R. B., and Irven DeVore, eds. 1976. Kalahari Hunter- j Gatherers. Cambridge, Mass. [Dobe !Kung: Chapters 1-3, 6-14]. ^^^^^ Tobias, P. (ed.). 1978. San Hunters and Herders of Southern k Africa. Cape Town. ^^^^^ Draper, P. 1972. !Kung Bushman Childhood. Ph. D. Dissertation. l Harvard. [Dobe !Kung]. ^^^^^ Draper, P. (forthcoming). !Kung Subsistence Work at /Du/da. m ^^^^^ Draper, P. 1975. !Kung Women: contrasts in Sexual Egalitarianism n in the foraging and sedentary contexts. Toward an Anthropology of Women, ed. R. Reiter, pp. 77-109. New York. [Dobe !Kung]. ^^^^^ Draper, P. 1978. The Learning Environment for Aggression and o Antisocial Behavior among the !Kung. Teaching Non-Aggression, ed. A. Montagu, pp. 31-53. New York. ^^^^^ Biesele, M. in press. !Kung Folklore. Cambridge, Mass. [Dobe]. p ^^^^^ Biesele, M. 1975. Folklore and Ritual of !Kung Hunter-gatherers. q Ph. D. Dissertation, Harvard. [Dobe !Kung]. ^^^^^ Biesele, M. 1972. Hunting in semi-arid areas - the Kalahari r Bushmen Today. Botswana Notes and Records (special ed.). ^^^^^ Hansen, J. D. L., A. S. Truswell, C. Freeseman, and B. MacHutchon. s 1969. The Children of Hunting and Gathering Bushmen. South African Medical Journal 43: 1158. [Dobe !Kung].

18

^^^^^ Harpending, H. C. 1971. !Kung Hunter-Gatherer Population t Structure. Ph. D. Dissertation. Harvard. [Dobe !Kung]. ^^^^^ Howell, N. 1979. Demography of the Dobe Area !Kung. New York. u ^^^^^ Howell, N. n.d. Estimating Absolute Age in a Remote and Nonliterate Population. Princeton. MS. ^^^^^ Konner, M. J. 1971. Infants of a Foraging People. Mulch 1: v 44-73. [Dobe !Kung]. ^^^^^ Konner, M. J. 1972. Aspects of the Developmental Ethology of w a Foraging People. Ethological Studies of Child Behavior, ed. N. G. Blurton Jones. Cambridge. ^^^^^ Konner, M. J. 1973. Infants of a Foraging People. Ph. D. x Dissertation. Harvard. ^^^^^ Konner, M. J. in press. Infancy among the Kalahari Desert San. y Cultural and Social Influences in Infancy and Early Childhood, ed. P. H. Leiderman and S. Tulkin. Stanford. ^^^^^ Shostak, M. 1981. Nisa. Cambridge, Mass. [Dobe !Kung]. z 3. �Auxiliary Primary Sources 0005003 Schapera, I. 1930. The Khoisan Peoples of South Africa. London. aa

HRAF:FT06 SCCS# 3 EA# 104 Ab4 Thonga. Focus: Ronga subtribe.

G:25ø50'S, 32ø20'E. T:1895.

1. Principal Authority(ies) 1111111 Junod, H. A. 1927 (2d ed.). The Life of a South African Tribe. FT6=1-2 2v. London.

19

HRAF:FQ09 SCCS# 4 EA# 103 Ab3 Lozi. Focus: ruling Luyana.

G:16øS, 23øE. T:1900.

1. �Principal Authority(ies) 2122110 Gluckman, M. 1951. The Lozi of Barotseland. Seven Tribes FQ9 = 2 of British Central Africa, ed. E. Colson and M. Gluckman, pp. 1-93. London. 1000220 Gluckman, M. 1941. Economy of the Central Barotse Plain. FQ9 =10 Rhodes-Livingstone Papers 7. 0000000 Gluckman, M. 1972 (lst ed. 1965). The Ideas in Barotse FQ9 = 4 Jurisprudence. Manchester. 0000000 Gluckman, M. 1950. Kinship and Marriage among the Lozi of FQ9 = 6 Northern Rhodesia and the Zulu of Natal. African Systems of Kinship and Marriage, A. R. Radcliffe-Brown and D. Forde, eds. Oxford. 2. �Other Dependable P rimary Sources 0200000 Bertrand, A. 1899. The Kingdom of the Barotsi. London. a 0011000 Holub, E. 1895. Seven Years in South Africa, v.2. London. b 4. �Useful Secondary Sources 0003010 *Turner, V. W. 1952. The Lozi Peoples of Northwestern FQ9 = 1 Rhodesia. London. ^^^^^ Mainga, M. 1973. Bulozi under the Luyana Kings: Political c Evolution and State Formation in Pre-Colonial Zambia. London.

FP13 SCCS# 5 EA# 203 Ab5 Mbundu. Focus: Bailundo subtribe.

G:12ø15'S, 16ø30'E. T:1890.

1. �Principal Authority(ies) 3111111 Childs, G. M. 1949. Umbundu Kinship and Character. London. FP13= 1 2. �Other Dependable Primary Sources 1300221 Hambly,W. D. 1934. The Ovimbundu of Angola. Field Museum FP13= 3 Anthropological Series 21:89-362. 3. �Auxiliary Primary Sources 0200002 Edwards, A. C. 1962. The Ovimbundu under Two Sovereignties.

FP13= 6 London. 4. �Useful Secondary Sources 2000003 McCulloch, M. 1952. The Ovimbundu of Angola. London. FP13= 2 00003005. Duffy, J. 1959. Portuguese Africa. Cambridge, Mass.

20

SCCS# 6 EA# 731 Ac17 Suku. Focus: "lineage center" in Feshi terr.

G: 6øS, 18øE. T:1920. 1. �Principal Authority(ies) 1111111 Kopytoff, I. 1965. The Suku of Southwestern Congo. Peoples a of Africa, ed. J. L. Gibbs, Jr., pp. 441-477. New York. 2224223 Kopytoff, I. 1964. Family and Lineage Among the Suku of the b Congo. The Family Estate in Africa, ed. R. F. Gray and P. H. Gulliver, pp. 83-116. Boston. 0300000 Kopytoff, I. 1961. Extension of Conflict as a Method of c Conflict Resolution Among the Suku of the Congo. Journal of Conflict Resolution 5:61-69. 0002000 Kopytoff, I. 1971. Thå Suku of the Congo: an ethnographic d test of Hsu's hypothesis. Kinship and Culture, ed. F. L. K. Hsu. pp. 69-86. Chicago. ^^^^^ Kopytoff, I. 1977. Matrilineality, residence, and residential e zone. American Ethnologist 4: 539-558. 2. �Other Dependable Primary Sources 0000010 Torday, E., and T. A. Joyce. 1906. Notes on the Ethnography f of the Bayaka. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 36:39-58. 0033000 Van de Ginste, F. 1947. Le mariage chez les Basuku. g Bulletin des Jurisdictions IndigŠnes et du Droit Coutumier Congolais, no. 5. 1-2. 3. �Auxiliary Primary Sources 3000002 Holemans, K. 1959. Etudes sur l'alimentation en milieu h coutumier du Kwango. Annales de la Soci‚t‚ Belge de M‚decine Tropicale 39:361-374.

21

HRAF:FQ05 SCCS# 7 EA# 105 Ac3 Bemba. Focus: of Zambia.

G:10øS, 31øE. T:1897.

1. �Principal Authority(ies) 1011110 Richards, A. I. 1939. Land, Labour and Diet in Northern FQ5 = 2 Rhodesia. Oxford. 3100220 Richards, A. I. 1951. The Bemba of North-eastern Rhodesia. a Seven Tribes of British Central Africa, ed. E. Colson and M. Gluckman, pp. 164-191. London. 0200000 Richards, A. I. 1940. The Political System of the Bemba FQ5 = 7 Tribe. African Political Systems, ed. M. Fortes and E. E. Evans-Pritchard, pp. 83-120. Oxford. 2022000 Richards, A. I. 1940. Bemba Marriage and Present Economic b Conditions. Rhodes-Livingstone Papers 4. 0033000 Richards, A. I. 1948. Hunger and Work in a Savage Tribe. c Glencoe. 0044000 Richards, A. I. 1956. Chisungu: A Girl's Initiation FQ5 = 3 Ceremony Among the Bemba. London. 0400000 Richards, A. I. 1950. Some Types of Family Structure Amongst d the Central Bantu. African Systems of Kinship and Marriage, ed. A. R. Radcliffe-Brown and D. Forde, pp. 206-251. London. ^^^^^ Richards, A. I. 1968. Keeping the King Divine. Proceedings of e the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 1968: 23-25. ^^^^^ Richards, A. I. 1971. The Consilar System of the Bemba of f Northern Zambia. Councils in Action, ed. A. I. Richards and A. Kuper. Cambridge. ^^^^^ Richards, A. I. and C. Tardits. 1974. A propos du marriage Bemba. g L'Homme 14: 111-118. ^^^^^ Tardits, C. 1974. Prix de la femme et mariage entre cousins h croises, la cas des Bemba d'Afrique centrale. L'Homme 14: 5-30. 2. �Other Dependable Primary Sources 4355000 Gouldsbury, C., and A. Sheane. 1911. The Great Plateau of i Northern Rhodesia. London. 3. �Auxiliary Primary Sources 0500000 Delhaise, C. 1908. Chez les Wabemba. Bulletin de la j Soci‚t‚ Royale Belge de G‚ographie 32: 173-227, 261-283.

22

HRAF:FN17 SCCS# 8 EA# 208 Ad6 Nyakyusa. Focus: age village near Mwaya

and Masoko.

G: 9ø30'S, 34øE. T:1934. 1. �Principal Authority(ies) 1101111 Wilson, M. 1951. Good Company. London. FN17= 1 0013000 Wilson, M. 1957. Rituals of Kinship Among the Nyakyusa. FN17= 2 London. 0000030 Wilson, M. 1959. Communal Rites of the Nyakyusa. London. FN17= 9 ^^^^^ Wilson, M. 1977. For Men and Elders: Change in the Relations of a Generations and of Men and Women among the Nyakyusa-Ngonde People 1875-1971. New York. 2022221 Wilson, G. 1936. An Introduction to Nyakyusa Society. FN17= 8 Bantu Studies 10: 253-292. 0200000 Wilson, G. 1951. The Nyakyusa of South-Western Tanganyika. b Seven Tribes of British Central Africa, ed. E. Colson and M. Gluckman, pp. 253-291. London. 0030000 Wilson, G. 1938. The Land Rights of Individuals Among the FN17= 5 Nyakyusa. Rhodes-Livingstone Papers 1: 1-52. 2. �Other Dependable Primary Sources 0040000 Lehmann, F. R. 1951. Notes on the Daily Life of the FN17=14 Nyakyusa. Sociologus n.F, 1: 138-148. ^^^^^ McKenny, M. G. 1973. The social structure of Nyakyusa: a re- c evaluation. Africa 43: 91-107. ^^^^^ Charsley, S. R., and M. G. McKenny. 1974. The social structure of d Nyakyusa. Africa 44: 422-424.

23

SCCS# 9 EA# 726 Aa9 Hadza. Focus: Entirety.

G: 3ø45'S, 35øE. T:1930. 1. �Principal Authority(ies) 1312111 Kohl-Larsen, L. 1958. Wildbeuter in Ostafrika. Berlin. a 0121221 Woodburn, J. 1964. The Social Organization of the Hadza of b North Tanzania. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Cambridge. 2000000 Woodburn, J. 1968. An Introduction to Hadza Ecology. Man the c Hunter, ed. R. B. Lee and I. DeVore, pp. 49-55. Chicago. 0200000 Woodburn, J. 1968. Stability and Flexibility in Hadza d Residential Groupings. Man the Hunter, ed. R. B. Lee and I. DeVore, pp. 103-110. Chicago. ^^^^^ Woodburn, J. 1970. Hunters and Gatherers: the Material Cultures e of the Nomadic Hadza. London. 2. �Other Dependable Primary Sources 0030003 Bleek, D. F. 1931. The Hadzapi or Watindiga of Tanganyika f Territory. Africa 4:273-286.

SCCS# 10 EA# 704 Ad14 Luguru. Focus: Morogoro District.

G: 6ø50'S, 37ø40'E. T:1925. 1. �Principal Authority(ies) 1200110 Beidelman, T. C. 1967. The Matrilineal Peoples of Eastern a Tanzania. London. 2411220 Scheerder, ??, and Tastevin, ??. 1950. Les Wa lu guru. b Anthropos 45:241-286. 2. �Other Dependable Primary Sources 0100000 Young, R., and H. Fosbrooke. 1960. Land and Politics Among c the Luguru of Tanganyika. London. 0302000 Christensen, J. B. 1963. Utani: Joking, Sexual License and d Social Obligations Among the Luguru. American Anthropologist 65:1314-1327. 0400000 McVicar, J. n.d. Notes on the Waluguru. Ms. e 3. �Auxiliary Primary Sou rces ^^^^^ Brain, J. L. 1969. Matrilineal descent and marital stability: f A Tanzanian case. Journal of Asian and African Studies 4(2): 122-131. ^^^^^ Mluanda, M. 1971. Traditional practices among the Luguru in g Eastern Tanzania. Bulletin of the International Committee on Urgent Anthropological and Ethnological Research 13: 57-65.

24

HRAF:FL10 SCCS# 11 EA# 108 Ad4 Kikuyu. Focus: Fort Hall or Metume District.

G: 0ø40'S, 37ø10'E. T:1920. 1. �Principal Authority(ies) 1221110 Kenyatta, J. 1939. Facing Mount Kenya. London. FL10= 4 0303000 Lambert, H. E. 1956. Kikuyu Social and Political FL10= 2 Institutions. London. 3000000 Lambert, H. E. 1950. The Systems of Land Tenure in the FL10= 5 Kikuyu Land Unit. Communications from the School of African Studies, n.s. 22: 1-185. 2030000 Leakey, L. S. B. 1952. Mau Mau and the Kikuyu. London. FL10= 3 ^^^^^ Leakey, L. S. B. 1977. The Southern Kikuyu before 1903. a 3 vols. New York. 2. �Other Dependable Primary Sources 0012000 Cagnolo, C. 1933. The Akikuyu. Nyeri. b 3. �Auxiliary Primary Sources ^^^^^ Routledge, W. S., and Routledge, K. 1910. With a Prehistoric FL10= 7 i People: The Akikuyu of British East Africa. London. 4. �Useful Secondary Sources 4130220 Middleton, J. 1953. The Kikuyu and Kamba of Kenya. London. FL10= 1 i 0000300 Hailey, W. M. H. 1950. Native Administration in the British c African Territories, pt. I. London. 0000400 MacPhee, A. M. 1968. Kenya. New York. d 0000500 Ross, W. M. 1968. Kenya from Within: A Short Political e History. London. ^^^^^ Tignor, R. 1976. The Colonial Transformation of Kenya: The f Kamba, Kikuyu, and Masai from 1900-1936. Princeton.

25

HRAF:FK07 SCCS# 12 EA# 306 Ad7 Ganda. Focus: Kyaddondo district.

G: 0ø20'N, 32ø30'E. T:1875.

1. �Principal Authority(ies) 1211111 Roscoe, J. 1911. The Baganda. London. FK7 = 2 0002002 + Mair, L. P. 1934 (2d ed. 1965 New York). An African People FK7 = 1 in the Twentieth Century. London. 2. �Other Dependable Primary Sources 0123220 Southwold, M. 1965. The Ganda of Uganda. Peoples of FK7 =15 Africa, ed. J. L. Gibbs, Jr., pp. 81-118. New York. ^^^^^ Southwold, M. 1971. The Meanings of Kinship. Rethinking a Kinship and Marriage, ed. R. Needham, pp. ??. London. 0000000 Richards, A. I. 1960. The Ganda. East African Chiefs, ed. FK7 = 9 A. I. Richards, pp. 41-77. London. 0000000 Richards, A. I. 1966. The Changing Structure of a Ganda FK7 =13 Village: Kisozi 1892-1952. Nairobi. 3. �Auxiliary Primary Sources 0000003 Kagwa, A. 1934. The Customs of the Baganda. New York. FK7 = 8 4. �Useful Secondary Sources 2000000 Fallers, M. C. 1960. The Eastern Lacustrine Bantu. London. FK7 =12 0304003 + Murdock, G. P. 1934. The Ganda of Uganda. Our Primitive b Contemporaries, pp. 508-550. New York ^^^^^ Perlman, M. L. 1969. Law and the status of women in Uganda: A c Systematic comparison between the Ganda and the Toro. Tropical Man 2: 60-106. 5. �Other Sources ^^^^^ Kottack, C. P. 1972. Ecological variables in the origin and d evolution of African States: the Buganda example. Comparative Studies in Society and History 14: 351-380. ^^^^^ Lugira, A. M. 1970. Political civilization. Cahiers des e Religiones Africains 4(8): 191-202. ^^^^^ Malyseua, D. B. Buganda. Voprosy Istorii 4: 113-120. (Russian) f ^^^^^ Semakula Kiwanuka, M. S. M. 1972. A History of Buganda from the g Foundation of the Kingdom to 1900. New York. ^^^^^ Rusch, W. 1975. Classes and State in Buganda before the Colonial h Period. Berlin. (German)

26

HRAF:FP13 SCCS# 13 EA# 202 Aa5 Mbuti Pygmies. Focus: net hunters of the

Epulu.

G: 1ø45'N, 28ø20'E. T:1950. 1. �Principal Authority(ies) ^^^^^ Turnbull, C. M. 1983. The Mbuti Pygmies: Change and Adaptation. a New York. 2113111 Turnbull, C. M. 1965a. Wayward Servants. Garden City, N.Y. FP13= 2 1021223 Turnbull, C. M. 1961. The Forest People. New York. FP13= 3 0030031 Turnbull, C. M. 1965b. The Mbuti Pygmies. Anthropological FP13= 1 Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 50:iii, 1-282. 0002000 Turnbull, C. M. 1965c. The Mbuti Pygmies of the Congo. Peoples a of Africa, ed. J. L. Gibbs, Jr., pp. 279-317. New York. 3040003 Putnam, P. 1948. Thå Pygmies of the Ituri Forest. A Reader in FP13= 4 General Anthropology, ed. C. S. Coon, pp. 322-342. New York. 3. �Auxiliary Primary Sources ^^^^^ De Leeuwe, J. 1966. Development in Bambuti society. Antropos 61: b 737-763. (German). 4. �Useful Secondary Sources ^^^^^ Hart, J. A. 1978. From Subsistence to Market: A case study of c the Mbuti net hunters. Human Ecology 6(3): 325-353.

27

HRAF:FO32 SCCS# 14 EA# 110 Ae4 Nkundo Mongo. Focus: Ilanga group.

G: 0ø45'S, 19øE. T:1930.

1. �Principal Authority(ies) 1111111 Hulstaert, G. 1938. Le mariage des Nkundo'. M‚moires de FO32= 2 l'Institut Royal Colonial Belge 8: 1-520. Brussels. ^^^^^ Hulstaert, G. 1971. Sur quelques croyances magiques des Mongo. a Cahiers des Religion Africaines 5(9): 145-167. 2. �Other Dependable Primary Sources 0300002 Brepoels, H. 1930. Het familiehoofd bij de Nkundo negers. FO32= 5 Congo 2: ii, 332-430. 0000200 Schebesta, P. 1936. My Pygmy and Negro Hosts. London. b (Transl. of 1934. Vollblutneger und Halbzwerge. Leipzig.) [focus on the Pygmy vassals of the Ilanga]. 3. �Auxiliary Primary Sources 0200000 Boelaert, E. 1940. De Nkundo-Maatschappij. Kongo-Overzee FO32= 3 6: 148-161. 2000000 Gutersohn, Th. 1920. Het economisch leven van den FO32= 4 Mongo-neger. Congo 1: i, 92-105. 4. �Useful Secondary Sources 0022000 Van der Kerken, G. 1944. L'ethnie Mongo. M‚moires de c l'Institut Royal Colonial Belge 13: 1-1143.

SCCS# 15 EA# 830 Ae51 Banen. Focus: Ndiki subtribe.

G: 4ø40'N, 19øE. T:1935. 1. �Principal Authority(ies) 1011111 Dugast, I. 1959. Monographie de la tribu des Ndiki. Vie sociale a et familiale. Travaux et M‚moires de l'Institut d'Ethnologie 58: (ii) 1-635. Paris. 0000000 Dugast, I. 1955. Monographie de la tribu des Ndiki: Vie b mat‚rielle. Travaux et M‚moires de l'Institut d'Ethnologie 58: (i) 1-824. Paris. 0000010 Dugast, I. 1944. L'agriculture chez les Ndiki de population c BanŠn. Bulletin de la Soci‚t‚ d'Etudes Cameroun, n.s., 8:7-130. 2133222 McCulloch, M., M. Littlewood, and I. Dugast. 1954. Peoples d of the Central Cameroons. London. 2. �Other Dependable Primary Sources 0022000 Tessmann, G. 1934. Die Bafia und die Kultur der Mittelkamerun e Bantu. Stuttgart.

28

HRAF:FF57 SCCS# 16 EA# 116 Ah3 Tiv. Focus: tar of Benue province.

G: 7ø15'N, 9øE. T:1920.

1. �Principal Authority(ies) 1011111 Bohannan, P., and L. Bohannan. 1958. Three Source Notebooks FF57=22 in Tiv Ethnography. New Haven. 0000000 Bohannan, P., and L. Bohannan. 1968. Tiv Economy. Evanston. a ^^^^^ Bohannan, P., and L. Bohannan. 1969. A Source Notebook on FF57=30 Tiv Religion. 5v. New Haven. 0000000 Bohannan, P., and L. Bohannan. 1957. Tiv Markets. New York FF57=24 Academy of Sciences, Transations, series 2: 613-621. 2122221 Bohannan, L., and P. Bohannan. 1953. The Tiv of Central FF57=19 Nigeria. London. 0200000 Bohannan, L. 1957. Political Aspects of Tiv Social b Organization. Tribes Without Rulers, ed. J. Middleton and D. Tait, pp. 33-66. London. 0000000 Bohannan, L. 1952. A Genealogical Charter. Africa 22: 301-315. FF57=21 0000030 Bohannan, P. 1953. Concepts of Time Among the Tiv of FF57=27 Nigeria. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 9: 251-262. 0000040 Bohannan. P. 1954a. Tiv Farm and Settlement. London. FF57=18 3000000 Bohannan, P. 1960. Tiv Trade and Markets. Ms. (see FF57=24) c 4000000 Bohannan, P. 1955. Some Principles of Exchange and Investment FF57=26 Among the Tiv. American Anthropologist 57: 60-70. 0003000 Bohannan, P. 1965. The Tiv of Nigeria. Peoples of Africa. d ed. J. L. Gibbs, Jr., pp. 279-317. New York. 0000000 Bohannan, P. 1957. Justice and Judgment among the Tiv. London. e 0000000 Bohannan, P. 1954b. The Migration and Expansion of the Tiv. FF57=20 Africa 24: 2-16. 0000000 Bohannan, P. 1954c. Circumcision among the Tiv. Man 54: 2-6. FF57=23 2. �Other Dependable Primary Sources 0044051 East, R., ed., 1939. Akiga's Story. London. FF57= 1 i ^^^^^ Akiga, B. S. 1954. The 'descent' of the Tiv from Ibenda Hill. FF57=25 Transl. & Annot. P. Bohannan. Africa 24: 295-310. 0030003 Abraham, R. C. 1933 (3d ed. 1968. London). The Tiv People. FF57= 3 Lagos.

29

0000003 Downes, R. M. 1933 (2d ed. 1969). The Tiv Tribe. Kaduna. FF57# 2 i ^^^^^ Downes, R. M. 1971. Tiv Religion. Ibadan. f

HRAF:FF26 SCCS# 17 EA# 643 Af10 Ibo. Focus: Isu-Ana division, Owerri or

Southern Ibo.

G: 5ø30'N, 7ø20'E. T:1935. 1. �Principal Authority(ies) 1122110 Green, M. M. 1947 (2d ed. 1964). Ibo Village Affairs. London. FF26= 3 2. �Other Dependable Primary Sources 2233220 Uchendu, V. C. 1965. The Igbo of Southeast Nigeria. New York. FF26= 4 [home village in Nisirimi group of villages south of Isu-Ana]. 0011000 Leith-Ross, S. 1939. African Women: A Study of the Ibo of FF26= 5 Nigeria. New York. [Southern Ibo region, embracing Isu-Ana]. ^^^^^ Ardener, E. W. 1954. The Kinship Terminology of a group of a Southern Ibo. Africa 24: 85-99. [Ezenihite group so. of Isu-Ama]. 3. �Auxili ary Primary Sources ^^^^^ Meek, C. K. 1937. Law and Authority in a Nigerian Tribe. London. FF26= 8 0 0 0 0 Egboh, E. O. 1971. The beginning of the end of traditional b religion in Iboland, Southeastern Nigeria. Civilizations 21: 269-279. 0 0 0 0 Egboh, E. O. 1972. A reassessment of the concept of Ibo c traditional religion. Numen 19: 68-79. 0 0 0 0 Egboh, E. O. 1972. Polygamy in Iboland, South-eastern Nigeria: d with special reference to polygamy practice among Christian Ibos. Civilizations 22: 431-444. 0 0 0 0 Egboh, E. O. 1973/4. The place of women in the Ibo society of e Southeastern Nigeria, from earliest times to the present. Civilizations 23-24: 305-316. 4. �Useful Secondary Sources 0300000 Forde, D., and G. I. Jones. 1950. The Ibo and FF26= 1 i Ibibio-speaking Peoples of South-Eastern Nigeria. London.

30

SCCS# 18 EA# 10 Af1 Fon. Focus: city and environs of Abomey.

G: 7ø12'N, 1ø56'E. T:1890. 1. �Principal Authority(ies) 1111111 Herskovits, M. J. 1938. Dahomey. 2v. New York. a 0400000 Herskovits, M. J. 1932. Some Aspects of Dahomean b Ethnology. Africa 5: 266-296. 0002000 Herskovits, M. J. 1937. A Note on 'Woman Marriage' in c Dahomey. Africa 10: 335-341. 0000001 Herskovits, M. J., and F. S. Herskovits. 1933. An Outline of d Dahomean Religious Belief. Memoirs, American Anthropological Association 41:1-77. 2. �Other Dependable Primary Sources 0000010 Skertchley, J. A. 1874. Dahomey as It Really Is. London. e 0000020 Tardits, C., and C. Tardits. 1962. Traditional Market f Economy in South Dahomey. Markets in Africa, ed. P. Bohannan and G. Dalton, pp. 89-102. New York. 0000003 Le Heriss‚, A. 1911. L'ancien royaume du Dahomey. Paris. g 4. �Useful Secondary Sources 0200000 Murdock, G. P. 1934. Our Primitive Contemporaries, pp. h 551-595. New York. 0300003 Argyle, W. J. 1966. The Fon of Dahomey. London. i 0003000 Bohannan, L. 1949. Dahomean Marriage. Africa 19: 273-278. j 0000000 Lombard, J. 1967. The Kingdom of Dahomey. West African k Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century, ed. D. Forde and P. M. Kaberry, pp. 70-92. London. 0000000 Mercier, P. 1954. The Fon of Dahomey. African Worlds, ed. l D. Forde, pp. 210-234. London.

31

HRAF:FE12 SCCS# 19 EA# 111 Af3 Ashanti. Focus: Kumasi state.

G: 7øN, 1ø30'W. T:1895.

1. �Principal Authority(ies) 0210223 Fortes, M. 1950. Kinship and Marriage Among the Ashanti. FE12= 5 African Studies of Kinship and Marriage, ed. A. R. Radcliffe-Brown and D. Forde, pp. 252-284. London. 0301000 Fortes, M. 1949. Time and Social Structure: An Ashanti Case FE12= 8 Study. Social Structure, ed. M. Fortes, pp. 54-84. Oxford. ^^^^^ Fortes, M. 1969. Kinship and the Social Order. pp. 138-216. a Chicago. 0200000 Fortes, M., R. W. Steel, and P. Ady. 1947. Ashanti Survey, FE12= 7 1945-46. Geographical Journal 110: 149-179. 0100003 Rattray, R. S. 1923. Ashanti. Oxford. FE12= 1 0420021 Rattray, R. S. 1927. Religion and Art in Ashanti. Oxford. FE12= 2 0040010 Rattray, R. S. 1916. Ashanti Proverbs. Oxford. FE12=14 0530000 Rattray, R. S. 1929. Ashanti Law and Constitution. London. FE12= 3 2. �Other Dependable Primary Sources 1002111 Lystad, R. A. 1958. The Ashanti. New Brunswick. b 2600000 Busia, K. A. 1951. The Position of the Chief in the Modern FE12= 6 Political System of Ashanti. London. 0000000 Busia, K. A. 1954. The Ashanti of the Gold Coast. African c Worlds, ed. D. Forde, pp. 190-209. London. 4. �Useful Secondary Sources 0000030 Service, E. E. 1963. The Ashanti of West Africa. Profiles d in Ethnology, pp. 366-386. New York. 3003000 Manoukian, M. 1950. Akan and Ga-Adangme Peoples of the Gold FE12= 4 i Coast. London. 0000000 Wilks, I. 1967. Ashanti Government. West African Kingdoms e in the Nineteenth Century, ed. D. Forde and P. M. Kaberry, pp. 206-238. London. ^^^^^ Wilks, I. 1975. Asante in the Nineteenth Century: the Structure f and Evolution of a Political Order. Cambridge.

32

HRAF:FC07 SCCS# 20 EA# 211 Af5 Mende. Focus: vicinity of the town of Bo.

G: 7ø50'N, 12øW. T:1945.

1. �Principal Authority(ies) 1111111 Little, K. L. 1951. The Mende of Sierra Leone. London. FC7 = 2 0002000 Little, K. L. 1954. The Mende in Sierra Leone. African a Worlds, ed. D. Forde, pp. 111-137. London. 0200000 Little, K. L. 1948. The Mende Farming Household. FC7 = 4 Sociological Review 40: 37-56. 0000200 Little, K. L. 1947. Mende Political Institutions in b Transition. Africa 17:8-23. ^^^^^ Little, K. L. 1970. The Social Cycle and Initiation among the c Mende. From Child to Adult, ed. J. Middleton, pp. ??. New York. 2. �Other Dependable Primary Sources 2000002 Staub, J. 1936. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der materiellen FC7 = 1 Kultur der Mendi. Solothurn. 0004000 Crosby, K. H. 1937. Polygamy in Mende Country. Africa 10: FC7 = 6 249-264. ^^^^^ Bockani, J. 1945. Mende Warfare. Farm and Forest 6(2): 104-105. d 4. �Useful Secondary Sources 3303003 McCulloch, M. 1950. The Peoples of Sierra Leone Protectorate. FC7 = 3 i London.

33

HRAF:MS30 SCCS# 21 EA# 21 Cb2 Wolof. Focus: Upper and Lower Salum, Gambia.

G:13ø45'N, 12øW. T:1950 1. �Principal Authority(ies) 1212111 Gamble, D. P. 1957. The Wolof of Senegambia. London. MS30= 1 2. �Other Dependable Primary Sources 2121221 Ames, D. W. 1953. Plural Marriage Among the Wolof in the MS30= 8 Gambia. Ph.D. dissertation, Northwestern University. 3400000 Ames, D. W. 1962. The Rural Wolof of the Gambia. Markets a in Africa, ed. P. Bohannan and G. Dalton, pp. 29-60. Evanston. 0000000 + Ames, D. W. 1959. Selection of Mates. Continuity and Change b in African Cultures, ed. W. R. Bascom and M. J. Herskovits, pp. 156-68. Chicago. 4303000 Ames, D. W. 1959. Wolof Co-operative Work Groups. MS30= 2 Continuity and Change in African Cultures, ed. W. R. Bascom and M. J. Herskovits, pp. 224-237. Chicago. 3. �Auxiliary Primary Sources 0034000 Falad‚, S. 1963. Women of Dakar and the Surrounding Urban MS30=42 Area. Women of Africa, ed. D. Paulme, pp. 217-229. London. ^^^^^ Irvine, J. T. 1973. Caste and Communication in a Wolof Village. c Ph. D. Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. 5. �Other Sources 0000300 Gailey, H. A. 1965. A History of the Gambia. New York. e 0000400 Gray, J. M. 1966. A History of the Gambia. New York. e ^^^^^ Trimingham, J. S. 1962. A History of Islam in West Africa. MS30=41 London.

34

HRAF:FA08 SCCS# 22 EA# 12 Ag1 Bambara. Segou to Bamako.

G:12ø30'N, 6øto 8øW. T:1902.

1. �Principal Authority(ies) 1110110 Monteil, C. 1924. Les Bambara du S‚gou et du Kaarta. Paris. FA8 = 2 ^^^^^ Monteil, C. 1967. The Wolof Kingdom of Kayor. West African a Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century, ed. D. Forde and P. M. Kaberry, pp. 260-281. London. 2. �Other Dependable Primary Sources 2220220 Paques, V. 1954. Les Bambara. Paris. FA8 = 3 3040000 Dieterlen, G. 1951. Essai sur la religion Bambara. Paris. FA8 = 1 ^^^^^ Dieterlen, G., and Y. Cisse. 1972. Les fondaments de la soci‚t‚ b d`initiation du Komo. Paris. ^ 0030010 Henry, J. 1910. L'ame d'un peuple Africain: Les Bambara. FA8 = 4 Bibliot‚que Anthropos 1: ii, 1-240.

35

HRAF:FE11 SCCS# 23 EA# 114 Ag4 Tallensi. Focus: Entirety.

G:10ø40'N, 0ø35'W. T:1934.

1. �Principal Authority(ies) 0100001 Fortes, M. 1945 (new ed. 1967). The Dynamics of Clanship Among FE11= 2 the Tallensi. London. 0211111 Fortes, M. 1949. The Web of Kinship Among the Tallensi. London. FE11= 3 0300010 Fortes, M. 1940. The Political System of the Tallensi. a African Political Systems, ed. M. Fortes and E. E. Evans-Pritchard, pp. 239-271. London. 0020200 Fortes, M. 1938. Social and Psychological Aspects of FE11= 5 Education in Taleland. Supplement to Africa 9 No. 4. 0000030 Fortes, M. 1937. Communal Fishing and Fishing Magic in the FE11= 6 Northern Territories of the Gold Coast. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 67: 131-142. ^^^^^ Fortes, M. 1975. Tallensi Ritual Festivals and the Ancestors. b Cambridge Anthropology 2(2): 3-31. 1000022 Fortes, M., and S. L. Fortes. 1936. Food in the Domestic FE11= 4 Economy of the Tallensi. Africa 9: 237-276. 2. �Other Dependable Primary Sources 0000203 Rattray, R. S. 1932. Tribes of the Ashanti Hinterland. Oxford. FE11= 1 2000040 Lynn, C. W. 1937. Agriculture in North Mamprusi. Bulletins FE11= 7 of the Gold Coast Department of Agriculture 34: 1-93.

36

SCCS# 24 EA# 122 Cb3 Songhai. Focus: Bamba division.

G:16ø40'N, 2øW. T:1940. 1. �Principal Authority(ies) 1111111 Rouch, J. 1954. Les Songhay. Paris. a 0000000 Rouch, J. 1960. La Religion et la Magie Songhay. Paris. b 2. �Other Dependable Primary Sources 0022021 Miner, H. 1953 (rev. ed. 1965). Thå Primitive City of Timbuctoo. c Princeton. 0000030 Jacquemond, M. S. 1959. Les pŠcheurs du boucle du Niger. Paris. d 0200000 Prost, A. 1954. Notes sur les Songhay. Bulletin de l'Institut e Francais de l'Afrique Noire, ser. 3, 16: 167-213. ' ^^^^^ Prost, A. 1970. Statut du la femme Songhay. Bulletin de f l'Institut fondamental de l'Afrique noire 32(2): 486-517. 3. �Auxiliary Primary Sources ^^^^^ Sarr, M. 1973. Le Songhay. Etudes maliennes 4: 1-74. g

37

SCCS# 25 EA#1082 Cb24 Fulani. Focus: Wodaabe of Niger.

G:15øN, 7øE. T:1951. 1. �Principal Authority(ies) 1311111 Dupire, M. 1962. Peuls nomades: Etude descriptive des Wodaabe a nomades du sahel nigerien. Travaux et M‚moires de l'Institut d'Ethnologie 64:1-327. Paris. 2000000 Dupire, M. 1962. Trade and Markets in the Economy of the Nomadic b Fulani of Niger. Markets in Africa, ed. P. Bohannan and G. Dalton, pp. 335-62. Evanston. 0020001 Dupire, M. 1963. The Position of Women in a Pastoral Society c (Wodaabe). Women of Tropical Africa, ed. D. Paulme, pp. 47-92. Berkeley (and London). 2. �Other Dependable Primary Sources 0202003 Stenning, D. J. 1959. Savannah Nomads. London. d 0100000 Stenning, D. J. 1965. The Pastoral Fulani of Northern Nigeria. e Peoples of Africa, ed. J. L. Gibbs, Jr., pp. 361-401. New York. 0400000 Stenning, D. J. 1958. Household Variability Among the Pastoral f Fulani. Cambridge Papers in Social Anthropology 1: 92-119. 3. �Auxiliary Primary Sources 0003023 Hopen, C. E. 1958. The Pastoral Fulbe Family in Gwandu. g London. ^^^^^ Riesman, P. 1977. Freedom in Fulani Social Life, trans. M. h Fuller. Chicago. ^^^^^ St. Croix, F. W. de. 1972. The Fulani of Northern Nigeria: Some i General Notes. Farnborough. 4. �Useful Secondary Sources ^^^^^ Johnson, H. A. 1967. The Fulani Empire of Sokoto. London. j

38

HRAF:MS12 SCCS# 26 EA#1084 Cb26 Hausa. Focus: Zazzagawa.

G:10ø30'N, 7øE. T:1900.

1. �Principal Authority(ies) 1122110 Smith, M. G. 1965. The Hausa of Northern Nigeria. Peoples of MS12=17 Africa, ed. J. L. Gibbs Jr., pp. 119-155. New York. 2000032 Smith, M. G. 1955. The Economy of Hausa Communities of Zaria. MS12= 1 Colonial Office Research Studies 16:1-264. 0200200 Smith, M. G. 1960. Government in Zazzau 1800-1950. London. MS12=15 3000000 Smith, M. G. 1962. Exchange and Marketing Among the Hausa. a Markets in Africa, ed. P. Bohannan and G. Dalton, pp. 69-81. Evanston. 0110020 Smith, M. F. 1954 (rev. ed. 1964). Baba oæ Karo: A Woman of the MS12= 3 Muslim Hausa. New York. 2. �Other Dependable Primary Sources ^^^^^ Smith, M. G. 1978. The Affairs of Daura: History and Changes in b a Hausa State 1800-1958. Berkeley. 0000000 Smith, M. G. 1967. A Hausa Kingdom: Maradi under Dan Baskore, c 1854-75. West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century, ed. D. Forde and P. M. Kaberry, pp. 93-122. London. 0333000 Dry, D. P. L. 1956. Some Aspects of Hausa Family Structure. MS12=13 Proceedings of the International West African Conference (1949), pp. 158-163. 4000000 Prothero, R. M. 1957. Land Use at Soba. Economic Geography MS12=12 33:72-86. 3. �Auxiliary Primary Sources 0044001 Greenberg, J. H. 1946. The Influence of Islam on a Sudanese MS12= 2 Religion. Monographs of the American Ethnological Society 10:1-73. 0000001 Greenberg, J. H. 1947. Islam and Clan Organization among the MS12= 8 Hausa. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 3:193-211. ^^^^^ Hill, P. 1972. Rural Hausa. New York. MS12=18

39

SCCS# 27 EA# 646 Ai9 Massa. Focus: in Cameroon.

G:10ø20'N, 15ø30'E. T:1910. 1. �Principal Authority(ies) 0111111 von Hagen, G. 1912. Die Bana. Baessler-Archiv 2:77-116. Berlin. a 1202223 Garine, I. de. 1964. Les Massa du Cameroun. Paris. b 2. �Other Depe ndable Primary Sources 0323001 Lembezat, B. 1961. Les populations paiennes du Nord-Cameroun et de l'Adamoua. Paris.

40

HRAF:FO07 SCCS# 28 EA# 117 Ai3 Azande. Focus: Yambio chiefdom.

G: 5øN, 28ø15'E. T:1905.

1. �Principal Autho rity(ies) ^^^^^ Evans-Pritchard, E. E. (ed.). 1974. Man and Woman among the Azande. London. 0213111 Evans-Pritchard, E. E. 1937. Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic Among FO7 = 2 i the Azande. Oxford. 0020000 Evans-Pritchard, E. E. 1932. Heredity and Gestation, as the FO7 =35 i Azande See Them. Sociologus 3: 400-414. ^^^^^ Evans-Pritchard, E. E. 1956. The Azande System of Agriculture. b London. ^^^^^ Evans-Pritchard, E. E. 1963. The Zande State. London. c ^^^^^ Evans-Pritchard, E. E. 1971. The Azande: History and Political FO7 =68 Institutions. Oxford. (revision of earlier articles) 0000220 above, chs. XIV-XVI. (See FO7 =64 revised articles) d 0000200 Evans-Pritchard, E. E. 1957. The Zande Royal Court. Zaire 11: FO7 =64 361-389, 493-511, 687-713. 2. �Other Dependable Primary Sources 1000000 De Schlippe, P. 1956. Shifting Cultivation in Africa. London. FO7 =60 3440443 Larkin, G. M. 1926-27. An Account of the Azande. Sudan Notes FO7 = 8 i and Records 9: 1-56; 10: 85-134. 3. �Auxiliary Primary Sources 0031030 Legae, C. R. 1926. Les Azande ou Niam-Niam. Bibliothque Congo FO7 = 3 i 18: 1-224. 2000000 Schweinfurth, G. 1873. The Heart of Africa. 2v. New York. FO7 = 4 i 4. �Useful Secondary Sources 0152000 Baxter, P. T. W. and A. Butt. 1953. The Azande and Related FO7 =56 i Peoples of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan and Belgian Congo. London. 0360003 Seligman, C. G., and B. Z. Seligman. 1932. Pagan Tribes of the FO7 = 1 i Nilotic Sudan. London. 5. �Other Sources 0004000 Reining, C. C. 1966. The Zande Scheme. Evanston. e

41

SCCS# 29 EA# 875 Cb17 Fur (Darfur). Focus: Jebel Marra.

G:13ø30'N, 25ø30'E. T:1880. 1. �Principal Authority(ies) 1211110 Felkin, R. W. 1885. Notes on the Fur Tribe. Proceedings of a the Royal Society of Edinburgh 23:205-265. 2. �Other Dependable Primary Sources 0122220 Beaton, A. C. 1948. The Fur. Sudan Notes and Records 29:1-39. b 3. �Auxiliary Primary Sources 0333000 Muhammad Ibn 'Umar, al-Tunusi. 1845. Voyage au Darfour, c traduit de l'Arabe par le Dr. Perron. Paris. 0404000 Barth, F. 1967. Economic Spheres in Darfur. Themes in d Economic Anthropology, ed. R. Firth, pp. 149-174. Association for Social Anthropology Monographs 6. 5. �Other Sources 0000300 MacMichael, H.A. 1922. A History of the Arabs in the Sudan I: e 91-121. Cambridge.

SCCS# 30 EA# 647 Ai10 Otoro Nuba. Focus: Entirety.

G:11ø20'N, 30ø40'E. T:1930. 1. �Principal Authority(ies) 1111111 Nadel, S. F. 1947. The Nuba. London. a

42

HRAF:FJ23 SCCS# 31 EA# 218 Ai6 Shilluk. Focus: Entirety.

G: 9ø45'N, 31ø30'E. T:1910.

1. �Principal Authority(ies) 1211111 Hofmayr, W. 1925. Die Schilluk. Wien. a 3122221 Seligman, C. G., and B. Z. Seligman. 1932. Pagan Tribes FJ23= 2 i of the Nilotic Sudan. London. 2. �Other Dependable P rimary Sources 2000003 Westermann, D. 1912. The Shilluk People. Philadelphia. FJ23= 3 i 0003010 Cann, G. P. 1929. A Day in the Life of an Idle Shilluk. FJ23=16 Sudan Notes and Records 12: 251-253. 0300000 Howell, P. P. 1941. The Shilluk Settlement. Sudan FJ23=18 Notes and Records 24: 47-66. 0404000 Pumphrey, M. E. C. 1941. The Shilluk Tribe. Sudan Notes FJ23=17 and Records 24: 1-45. 4000000 Dempsey, J. 1955. Mission on the Nile. London. FJ23=29 i 4. �Useful Se condary Sources 0500000 Butt, A. 1952. The Nilotes of the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan FJ23= 4 i and Uganda. London. 0000000 Evans-Pritchard, E. E. 1948. The Divine Kingship of the FJ23= 1 Shilluk of the Nilotic Sudan. Cambridge. 0000000 Lienhardt, G. 1954. The Shilluk of the Upper Nile. FJ23= 5 African Worlds, ed. D. Forde, pp. 138-163. London.

SCCS# 32 EA#1062 Ai47 Mao. P:northern division.

G:9ø20'N, 34ø40'E. T:1939. 1111111 Grottanelli, V.L. 1940. I Mao. Missione Etnografica nel Uollega Occidentale I:1-387. Roma. 0222220 Cerulli, E. 1956. Peoples of South-west Ethiopia and Its Borderland. London. 0000010 Grottanelli, V.L. 1972. Personal communication.

43

SCCS# 33 EA# 860 Ca30 Kafa.

G:7ø15'N, 36ø15'E. T:1905. 1111111 Bieber, F.J. 1920-23. Kaffa. 2v. Munster. 0000030 Cerulli, E. 1932-33. Ethiopia occidentale. 2v. Roma. 0200222 Huntingford, G.W.B. 1955. The Galla of Ethiopia: The Kingdoms of Kafa and Janjero. International African Institute. London.

HRAF:FL12 SCCS# 34 EA# 119 Aj2 Masai. P:of Tanzania.

G:3øS, 36øE. T:1900.

1111110 Merker, M. 1904. Die Masai. Berlin. 2200000 Huntingford, G.W.B. 1953. The Southern Nilo-Hamites. London. 0000010 Hollis, A. C. 1905. The Masai: Their Language and Folklore. Oxford. 3000000 Fosbrooke, H. A. 1948. An Administrative Survey of the Masai Social System. Tanganyika Notes and Records 26: 1-50. 0300000 Baumann, O. 1894. Durch Massailand zur Nilquelle. Berlin.

SCCS# 35 EA# 18 Ca1 Konso. P:town of Buso.

G:5ø15'N, 37ø30'E. T:1935. 2111110 Hallpike, C. R. 1969. The Konso of Ethiopia. Ms. 0222220 Jensen, A. E. 1936. Im Lande des Gada. Stuttgart. 1000000 Kluckhohn, R. 1962. The Konso Economy. Markets in Africa, ed. P. Bohannan and G. Dalton, pp. 409-428. Evanston. 0003000 Cerulli, E. 1956. Peoples of South-west Ethiopia and Its Borderland. London.

44

HRAF:MO4 SCCS# 36 EA# 19 Ca2 Somali. P:Dolbahanta subtribe.

G:9øN, 47øE. T:1900.

0110111 Lewis, I. M. 1961. A Pastoral Democracy. London. 1034223 Lewis, I. M. 1955. Peoples of the Horn of Africa. London. 2021330 Lewis, I. M. 1965. The Northern Pastoral Somali. Peoples of Africa, ed., J. L. Gibbs, Jr., pp. 319-360. New York. 0203000+ Lewis, I. M. 1962. Marriage and the Family in the Northern Somaliland. Kampala: East African Institute for Social and Economic Research. East African Studies 15. Kampala, Uganda. 0000*00 Lewis, I. M. 1957. Ms. The Somali Lineage System and the Total Geneaology: A General Introduction to Basic Principles of Somali Political Institutions. Hargeisa. 3000000 Lewis, I. M. 1962. Trade and Markets in Northern Somaliland. Markets in Africa, ed., P. Bohannon and G.Dalton, pp. 365-385. Evanston. 0052000 Paulitschke, P. 1888. Beitrage zue Ethnographie und Anthropologie der Soma, Gaua, and Harari. Leipzig. 0045003 Puccioni, N. 1936. Antropologia e etnografia delle genti della Somalia 3: 1-140. Bologna.

HRAF:MP5 SCCS# 37 EA# 679 Ca7 Amhara. P:Gondar district.

G:13ø30'N, 37øE. T:1953.

1111111 Messing. S.D. 1957. The Highland-Plateau Amhara of Ethiopia. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. 0022000 Lipsky, G.A. 1962. Ethiopia. New Haven.

SCCS# 38 EA# 867 Ca37 Bogo or Belen.

G:15ø45'N, 38ø45'E. T:1855. 1111110 Munzinger, W. 1859. Ueber die Sitten und das Recht der Bogos. Winterthur.

45

SCCS# 39 EA# 24 Cd1 Barabra. P:Kenuzi Nubians of Dahmit.

G:23øN, 38ø45'E. T:1900. 1221113 Herzog, R. 1957. Die Nubier. Berlin. 0013010 Schafer, H. 1935. Nubisches Frauenleben. Mitteilungen des Seminars fur Orientalische Sprachen zu Berlin 38. 0100220 Fernea, R. A., ed. 1966. Contemporary Egyptian Nubia. 2v. New Haven. 0002001 Callender, C., and F. el Guindi. 1971. Life-Crisis Rituals Among the Kenuz. Case Western Reserve University Studies in Anthropology 3. Cleveland. 0000001 Kennedy, J.G. 1977. Struggle for Change in a Nubain Community. Palo Alto.

SCCS# 40 EA# 23 Cc2 Teda. P:Nomads of Tibesti.

G:21ø30'N, 17ø30'E. T:1950 4111111 Chapelle, J. 1957. Nomades noirs du Sahara. Paris. 2334223 Cline, W. 1950. The Teda of Tibesti, Borku and Kawar. General Series in Anthropology 12: 1-52. 0222000 Fuchs, P. 1956. Ueber die Tubbu von Tibesti. Archiv. fur Volkerkunde, 11: 43-66. 0403000 Nachtigal, G. 1879. Sahara und Sudan I: 377-464. Berlin. 1000000 Le Coeur, C. 1950. Dictionnaire ethnographique Teda. Memoires de l'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire 9: 1-213. 3500000 Briggs, L. L. 1958. The Living Races of the Sahara Desert. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University 28: ii, 1-217.

46

HRAF:MS25 SCCS# 41 EA# 880 Cc9 Tuareg. P:Ahaggaren.

G:23øN, 6ø30'E. T:1900.

1122111 Nicolaisen, J. 1963. Ecology and Culture of the Pastoral Tuareg. National museets Skrifter, Etnografisk Raeke 9: 1-540. Copenhagen. 0000400 Nicolaisen, J. 1959. Political Systems of Pastoral Tuareg in Air and Ahaggar. Folk I:67-131. 0211221 Lhote, H. 1955 and 1944. Les Touaregs du Hoggar. Paris. 0033003 Benhazera, M. 1908. Six mois chez les Touareg de Ahaggar. Alger. 0300000 Briggs, L.L. 1958. The Living Races of the Sahara Desert. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University 28:ii, 1-217.

HRAF:MX3 SCCS# 42 EA# 125 Cd3 Riffians. P:Unspecified.

G:35øN, 3ø15'W. T:1926.

1211111 Coon, C. S. 1931. Tribes of the Rif. Harvard African Studies 9: 1-417. 0102220 Hart, D. M. 1954. An Ethnographic Survey of the Riffian Tribe of Aith Waryaghil Tamuda 1: 55-86. Tetuan. 0000003 Hart, D.M. 1976. The Aith Waryaghar of the Moroccan Rif. Tucson. 0300000 Moulieras, A. 1895. Le Maroc inconnu, I: Exploration du Rif. Paris.

HRAF:MR13 SCCS# 43 EA# 124 Cd2 Egyptians. P:town and environs of Silwa.

G:24ø45'N, 33øE. T:1950.

1111111 Ammar, H. 1954. Growing Up in an Egyptian Village. London. 2200220 Ayrout, H. H. 1945. The Fellaheen. Cairo. 0000013 Blackman, W. S. 1927. The Fellahin of Upper Egypt. London. 0000*00 Harris, G. L., ed. 1957. Egypt. New Haven. Š

47

SCCS# 44 EA#230 Cj3 Hebrews. P:kingdom of Judah.

G:31ø10'N, 35øE. T:621 B.C. 4122113 DeVaux, R. 1961. Ancient Israel, Its Life and Institutions. (John McHugh, Translator.)New York. 1200220 Holy Bible. Old Testament., 2303441 Dalman, G. 1932. Arbeit und Sitte in Palestina. 8 v. Gutersloh. 0411000 Patai, R. 1961. Sex and Family in the Bible and the Middle East. Garden City. 3000001 Noth, M. 1966. The Old Testament World. 4th edit. Philadelphia. 0000012 Forbes, R. J. 1964. Studies in Ancient Technology. 2d edit. 9v. Leiden. 0000501 Bright, J. 1959. A History of Israel. Philadelphia. 5000000 Balyn, D. 1957. The Geography of the Bible. New York.

SCCS# 45 EA# 413 Cj4 Babylonians. P:city and environs of Babylon.

G:32ø35'N, 44ø45'E. T:1750. 1012111 Saggs, H.W.F. 1962. The Greatness that was Babylon. London. 0001001 Saggs, H.W.F. 1965. Everyday Life in Babylonia and Assyria. New York. 2123222 Driver, G.R., and J.C. Miles. 1952-55. The Babylonian Laws. 2v. Oxford. 0000010 Contenau, G. 1954. Everyday Life in Babylon and Assyria. New York. 3000003 Gadd, C.J. 1965. Hammurabi and the End of His Dynasty. Cambridge Ancient History, rev. edit., fascicle 35. Cambridge. 0200000 Thompson, R.C. 1923. The Golden Age of Hammurabi. Cambridge Ancient History I: 494-551. New York. 4000003 Delaporte, L. J. 1925. Mesopotamia. New York. Š

48

HRAF:MD4 SCCS# 46 EA# 132 Cj2 Rwala Bedouin. P:Unspecified.

G:31ø45'N, 28ø30'E. T:1913.

1111111 Musil, A. 1928. The Manners and Customs of the Rwala Bedouins. New York. 0202223+ Raswan, C. R. 1947. Black Tents of Arabia. New York. 0300000 Ashkenazi, T. 1948. The Anazah Tribes. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 4: 222-239.

HRAF:MB1 SCCS# 47 EA# 653 Ci5 Turks. P:Anatolian plateau.

G:39ø20'N, 34øE. T:1950.

1011111 Pierce, J.E. 1964. Life in a Turkish Village. New York. 2022221 Makal, M. 1954. A Village in Anatolia. London. 0133331 Stirling, P. 1965. Turkish Village. London. 4200000 Stirling, P. 1963. The Domestic Cycle and the Distribution of Power in a Turkish Village. Mediterranean Countrymen, ed. J. Pitt-Rivers, pp. 201-213. Paris. 0300000 Stirling, P. 1953. Social Ranking in a Turkish Village. British Journal of Sociology 4:31-44. 3044000 Yasa, I. 1957. Hasanoglan. Ankara. 0000*00 Lerner, D. 1958. The Passing of Traditional Society. N.Y. 0000010 Hanson, A.H., et al. 1955. Studies in Turkish Local Government. Ankara.

49

HRAF:EG1 SCCS# 48 EA# 25 Ce1 Albanians. P:Gheg.

G:42øN, 20øE. T:1910.

1141111 Coon, C. S. 1950. The Mountain of Giants. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University 23: iii, 1-105. 0002001 Durham, M. E. 1909. High Albania. London. 0010001 Durham, M.E. 1928. Some Tribal Origins, Laws and Customs of the Balkans. London. 0223223 Hasluck, M. 1954. The Unwritten Law in Albania. Cambridge. 0004000 Lane, R. W. 1923. Peaks of Shala. New York. 0030000 Pisko, J.E. 1896. Gebrauche bei der Geburt und Behandlung der Neugeborenen bei den Albanesen. Mitteilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft zu Wien 26:141-146.

H: SCCS# 49 EA# 126 Ce3 Romans. P:city and environs of Rome.

G:41ø50'N, 13ø30'E. T:110 A.D.

2113113 Carcopino, J. 1940. Daily Life in Ancient Rome, ed. H. T. Howell. New Haven. 1230221 Friedlander, L. 1908. Roman Life and Manners Under the Early Empire. London. 0000012 Maxey, M. 1938. Occupations of the Lower Classes in Roman Society as seen in Justinian's Digest. Chicago. 0001001 Balsdon, J.P.V.D. 1969. Life and Leisure in Ancient Rome. New York. 0000301 Grant, M. 1960. The World of Rome. London. 3000000 Harrison, F., ed. 1913. Roman Farm Management: The Treatises of Cato and Varro. New York. 0300000 Abbott, F. F. 1917. Common People of Ancient Rome. New York. 0002000 Davis, W. St. 1959. A Day in Old Rome. New York. 0004000 Balsdon, J.P.V.D. 1963. Roman Women. New York. 0005400 Pliny. 1969. Letters and Panegyricus, 2v., trans. B. Radice. Cambridge.

50

0006001 Paoli, V. E. 1963. Rome: Its People, Life and Customs, trans. R. D. Macnaghten. New York. 0020000 Pellisson, M. 1901. Roman Life in Pliny's Time. Philadelphia. 0000500 Rostovtzeff, M. I. 1945. A History of the Ancient World. Trans. J. D. Duff. Oxford. 0000003 Glover, T.R. 1927. Conflict of Religions in the Early Roman Empire. London.

H: SCCS# 50 EA# 225 Ce4 Basques. P:village of Vera de Bidasoa, Spain.

G:43ø15'N, 1ø40'W. T:1940.

1131111 Caro Baroja, J. 1944. La vida rural en Vera de Bidasoa. Madrid. 2200221 Caro Baroja, J. 1958. Los Vascos. 2nd Edition. Madrid. 3322003 Douglass, W. A. 1969. Death in Murelaga. Seattle. 0010000 Greenwood, P. C. 1971. Personal Communication. 0000*00 Madariaga, S. de. 1940. Spain. New York.

HRAF:ER6 SCCS# 51 EA# 128 Cg3 Irish. P:Kinvarra parish.

G:53ø4'N, 9øW. T:1955.

1023110 Cresswell, R. 1969. Une communaut‚ rurale d'Irlande. Travaux et Memoires de I'Institut d'Ethnologie 74: 1-571. Paris. 0001020 Arensberg, C. M., and S. T. Kimball. 1940 (Revised Edition 1968). Family and Community in Ireland. Cambridge. 0000030 Evans, E. E. 1957. Irish Folk-Ways. London. 0210040 Kane, E. 1972. Personal communication. 0100000 Kane, E. 1970. An Analysis of the Cultural Factors Inimical to the Development of the Nationalistic-Revivalistic Industrial Process of Rural Irish Gaeltachts. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Pittsburgh. 0002000 O'Donoghue, J. 1958. In a Quiet Land. New York.

51

HRAF:EP4 SCCS# 52 EA# 129 Cg4 Lapps. P:Konkama district.

G:68ø40'N, 21ø30'E. T:1950.

1142113 Pehrson, R. N. 1957. The Bilateral Network of Social Relations in Konkama Lapp District. Indiana University Publications, Slavic and East European Series, 5: 1-128. 0200000 Pehrson, R. 1954. The Lappish Herding Leader. American Anthropologist 56: 1076-1080. 0300000 Pehrson, R. Reindeer Herding Among the Karesuando Lapps. American-Scandinavian Review 39: 271-279. 0400001 Whitaker, Ian. 1955. Social Relations in a Nomadic Lappish Community. Oslo: Uigitt af Norsk Folkmuseum 2:1-178. 0513000 Haglund, S. 1935. Life among the Lapps. London. 0021001 Bernatzik, H. A. 1938. Overland with the Nomad Lapps. New York. Š 0000200 Manker, E. 1953. The Nomadism of the Swedish Mountain Lapps. Nordiska Museet: Acta Lapponica 7: 1-261. 2000000 Minn, E. K. 1955. The Lapps. New Haven. 0030000 Collinder, B. 1949. The Lapps. Princeton. 0050001 Turi, J. 1931. Turi's Book of Lapland. New York. 0000001 Karsten, R. 1955. The Religion of the Samek. Leiden.

52

HRAF:RU4 SCCS# 53 EA# 136 Ec4 Yurak Samoyed.

G:68øN, 52øE. T:1894.

1103113 Englehardt, E. A. 1899. A Russian Province of the North. Westminster. 4211223 Islavin, V. 1847. Samoiedy v domaschnem i obshchestvennom bytu. St. Petersburg. 0022001 Kopytoff, I. 1955. The Samoyed. New Haven. 2604003 Jackson, F. G. 1895. The Great Frozen Land. London. 3000000 Jackson, F. G. 1895. Notes on the Samoyeds of the Great Tundra. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 24: 388-410. 0300003 Hajdu, P. 1963. Samoyed Peoples and Languages. Indiana University Publications, Uralic and Altaic Series 14: 1-114. 0400000 Castren, M. A. 1853. Reiseerrinnerungen aus den Jahren 1838-1844. St. Petersburg. 0500000 Rae, E. 1875. The Land of the North Wind. London. 0000001 Donner, K. 1954. Among the Samoyed in Siberia. New Haven.

53

HRAF:RF1 SCCS# 54 EA#1257 Ch11 Russians. P:Viriatino village.

G:52ø40'N, 41ø20'E. T:1955.

1114110 Dunn, S.P., and E. Dunn. 1967. The Peasants of Central Russia. New York. 2000000 Dunn, S.P., and E. Dunn. 1963. The Great Russian Peasant. Ethnology 2. 320-338. Urbana. 0320000 Dunn, S.P., 1971. Structure and Functions of the Soviet Rural Family. The Soviet Rural Community. ed. J.R. Millar, pp. 325-345. Urbana. 0220000 Dunn, E. 1971. The Importance of Religion in the Soviet Rural Community. The Soviet Rural Community, ed. J.R. Millar, pp. 346-375. 0001010 Benet, S., ed. 1970. The Village of Viriatino, New York. 0030000 Fitzsimmons, T., ed. 1957. RSFSR. 2v. New Haven. 0040000 Black, C.E. 1960. The Transformation of Russian Society. Cambridge. 0053000 Mace, D., and V. Mace. 1963. The Soviet Family. Garden City. 0002000 Alt, H., and E. Alt. 1959. Russia's Children. N.Y. 0000200 Fainsod, M. 1958. How Russia is Ruled. Cambridge. 0000*00 Schapiro, K. 1960. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union. London.

HRAF:RI3 SCCS# 55 EA#1265 Ci12 Abkhaz.

G:43øN, 41øE. T:1880.

1111110 Dzhanashvili, M. G. 1894. Abkhaziya i Abkhaztsy. Zapiski Kavkazskago Otdiela Inperalorskago Russkago Geograficheskago Obshchestva 16: 1-59. Tiflis. 2303220 Byhan, A. 1926. Die Kaukasischen Volker. Illustrierte Volkerkunde, ed. G. Buschan 2: ii, 749-844. Stuttgart. 0200000 Lotz, J. 1956. The Caucasus. 2v. New Haven. 0422010 Luzbetak, L. J. 1951. Marriage and the Family in Caucasia. Modling bei Wien.

54

HRAF:RJ1; RJ3 SCCS# 56 EA# 912 Ci10 Armenians. P:vicinity of Erevan.

G:40øN, 44ø30'E. T:1843.

1112110 Haxthausen, A. von. 1854. Transcaucasia. London. 2321220 Klidschian, A. 1911. Das armenische Eherecht und die Grundzuge der armenische Familienorganisation. Zeitschrift fur Vergleichende Rechsweissenschaft, 25:252-377. 0400000 Karst, J. 1907-07. Grundriss der Geschichite des armenischen Rechtes. Zeitschrift fur Vergleichende Rechswissenschaft 19 313-422; 20:14-112. 3203000 Lynch, H.F.B. 1901. Armenia. v. 1. London. 0004000 Kohler, J. 1887, 1906. Das Recht der Armenier. Zietschrift fur Vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft 7:385-436; 19:103-130. 0000300 Seton-Watson, H. 1967. The Russian Empire. Oxford.

HRAF:MA11 SCCS# 57 EA# 913 Ci11 Kurd. P:town and vicinity of Rowanduz.

G:36ø30'N, 44ø30'E. T:1951.

1111111 Masters, W.M. 1953. Rowanduz. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan. 0022023 Hansen, H.H. 1961. The Kurdish Woman's Life. Copenhagen Ethnographic Museum Record 7:1-213. 0004222 Leach, E.R. 1938. Social and Economic Organization of the Rowanduz Kurds. London School of Economics Monographs on Social Anthropology 3:1-74. Š 0003000 Barth, F. 1953. Principles of Social Organization in Southern Kurdistan. Bulletin of the University Ethnographic Museum 7. Oslo. 0000300 Longrigg, S.H. 1953. Iraq, 1900-1950. London.

55

SCCS# 58 EA# 358 Ea6 Basseri. P:nomadic branch.

G:29øN, 53øE. T:1958. 1111110 Barth, F. K. 1961. Nomads of South Persia. London. 2002020 Barth, F. K. 1964. Capital, Investment and Social Structure of a Pastoral Nomadic Group. Capital, Saving and Credit in Peasant Societies, ed. R. Firth and B. S. Yamey, pp. 69-81. Chicago.

HRAF:AW6 SCCS# 59 EA#1258 Ea13 Punjabi. P:Mohla village.

G:32ø, 30'N, 74øE. T:1950.

1111110 Eglar, Z.S. 1960. A Punjabi Village in Pakistan. New York. 0003000 Elgar, Z.S. 1957. Panjabi Village Life. Pakistan: Society and Culture, ed. S. Maron, pp. 62-80. Chapel Hill. 3042000 Wilbur, D.N. 1964. Pakistan. New Haven. 0024000 Honigmann, J.J. 1957. Women in West Pakistan. Pakistan: Society and Culture, ed. S. Maron, pp. 154-176. New Haven. 0035010 Honigmann, J.J. 1958. Third Village: Punjab Province, Chak 41MB. Three Pakistan Villages, pp. 68-95. Chapel Hill. 2000000 Dass, A. 1954. An Economic Survey of Gajju Chak. Punjab Village Surveys 6. Lahore. 0006000 Kennedy, M.J. 1957. Panjabi Urban Society. Pakistan: Society and Culture, ed. S. Maron, pp. 81-103. New Haven. 0000*00 Callard, K. and R.S. Wheeler. 1963. Pakistan. Major Governments of Asia, ed. G. McT. Kahin, pp. 419-532. Ithaca. 0000*00 Palmer, N.D. 1961. The Indian Political System. Boston. 0000*00 Symonds, R. 1950. The Making of Pakistan. London.

HRAF:AW32 SCCS# 60 EA# 142 Eg3 Gond. P:Hill Maria.

G:19ø40'N, 80ø50'E. T:1930.

1111111 Grigson, W. V. 1938 (Rev. Edit. 1949). The Maria Gonds of Bastar. London.

56

HRAF:AW60 SCCS# 61 EA# 143 Eg4 Toda.

G:11ø30'N, 76ø30'E. T:1900.

1111111 Rivers, W.H.R. 1906. The Todas. London. 2033222 Marshall, William E. 1873. A Phrenologist Amongst the Todas. London. 0200003+ Murdock, G. P. 1934. Our Primitive Contemporaries, pp. 107-154. New York. 0022000 Peter, Prince. 1955. The Todas. Man 55: 89-93. 0000*00 Fox, R. G. 1963. Caste Dominance and Coercion in the Nilgiris. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters 48: 493-512. 0300000 Emeneau, M. B. 1941. Language and Social Forms: A Study of Toda Kinship Terms and Double Descent. Language, Culture, and Personality, ed. Spier, Hallowell, and Newman, pp. 158-179. Menasha.

SCCS# 62 EA# 42 Ef1 Santal. P:Bankura and Berghum districts of Bengal.

G:23ø30'N, 87øE. T:1940.

1122110 Datta-Majumder, N. 1956. The Santal. Memoirs of the Department of Anthropology, Government of India, 2: 1-150. 2211220 Culshaw, W. J. 1949. Tribal Heritage. London. 0000010 Mukherjea, C. L. 1943. The Santals. Calcutta. 0033000 Das, A. K. 1967. Scientific Analysis of "Santal" Social System. Bulletin of the Cultural Research Institute 6: i-ii, 5-9.

57

HRAF:AW19 SCCS# 63 EA#1260 Ef11 Uttar Pradesh. P:village and vicinity

Of Senapur.

G:25ø55'N, 83øE. T:1945. 0101021 Luschinsky, M.S. 1963. The Life of Women in a Village of North India. Ph.D. dissertation, Cornell University 0010000 Luschinsky, M.S. 1971. Personal communication. 1220010 Opler, M. E. and R. D. Singh. 1954. The Division of Labor in an Indian Village. A Reader in General Anthropology, ed. C.S. Coon, pp. 464-496. New York. 2630000 Opler, M.E. and R.D. Singh. 1952. Economic and Social Change in a Village of North Central India. Human Organization II: 5-12. 0440000 Opler, M. 1956. The Extensions of an Indian Village. Journal of Asian Studies 16:5-10. 3000000 Rowe, W.L. 1960. The Marriage Network and Structure Change in a North Indian Community. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 16:299-311. 0000030 Pandey, T.N. 1972. Personal communication. 0300000 Cohn, B.S. n.d. Chamar Family in a North Indian Village. Ms. 0500000 Cohn, B.S. 1958. Changing Traditions of a Low Caste. Journal of American Folklore 71: 412-421. 0000001 Dube, S.C. 1956. Cultural Factors in Rural Community Development Journal of Asian Studies 16:19-30.

58

HRAF:AV37 SCCS# 64 EA# 139 Ee2 Burusho. P:Hunza state.

G:36ø20'N, 74ø35'E. T:1934.

0111110 Lorimer, E.O. 1939. Language Hunting in the Karakoram. London. 1022220 Lorimer, E.O. 1938. The Burusho of Hunza. Antiquity 12: 5-15. 2000300 Lorimer, D.L.R. 1935. The Burushaski Language, v. 1. Oslo. 0200000 Tobe, J.H. 1960. Hunza: Adventures in the Land of Paradise. Emmaus. 3000000 Rodale, J.I. 1948. The Healthy Hunzas. Emmaus, Pa. 4300000 Clark, J. 1963. Hunza in the Himalayas. Natural History 72:38-45.

HRAF:RQ2 SCCS# 65 EA# 35 Eb1 Kazak. P:Great Horde.

G:42øN, 70øE. T:1885.

1111111 Grodekov, N. I. 1889. Kirghizy i Karakirgizy sur Dar'inskoi Oblasti. [Vol. I, Juridical Life.] Tashkent. [The Typolithography of S. I. Lakhtin.] 0244222 Hudson, A. E. 1938. Kazak Social Structure. Yale University Publications in Anthropology 20: 1-109. 0033030 Murdock, G. P. 1934. Our Primitive Contemporaries, pp. 135-162. New York. 2000003 Radloff, W. 1893. Aus Sibirien. 2v. Leipzig. 0022300 Sedel'nikov, A. N. et al. 1903. Kirgizshii Krai. Polnoe Geographicheskoe Opisanie nashego etchestva 18: 138-222. St. Peterburg. 0000001 Castagn‚, J. 1930. Magie et exorcisme chez les Kazak-Kirghizes. Revue des Etudes Islamiques 4:53-156.

59

SCCS# 66 EA# 134 Eb3 Khalka Mongols. P:Narobanchin territory.

G:47ø10'N, 96øE. T:1920. 1111113 Vreeland, H. H. 1954. Mongol Community and Kinship Structure. New Haven. 0022221 Maiskii, I. 1921. Sovremennaia Mongolia. Ordelenie. 0000003 Ballis, W.B., ed. 1956. Mongolian People's Republic. 3 vols. New Haven. 0000300 Friters, G.M. 1949. Outer Mongolia and Its International Position. Baltimore. 0000400 Rupen, R.A. 1956. General Character of the Society. Mongolian Peoples' Republic, ed. W.M. Ballis, v. 1, pp. 1-48. New Haven.

HRAF:AE4 SCCS# 67 EA# 40 Ed2 Lolo. P:Taliang Shan Mtns.

G:27øN, 103ø30'E. T:1910.

1111110 Lin, Y. H. 1961. The Lolo of Liang Shan. Shanghai. 2320220 D'Ollone, H. M. 1912. In Forbidden China. Boston. 0003030 Pollard, S. 1921. In Unknown China. Philadelphia. 3034000 Tseng, C. L. 1945. The Lolo District in Liang-Shan. Chungking. 0200000 LeBar, F. M., G. C. Hickey, and J. K. Musgrave. 1964. Ethnic Groups of Mainland Southeast Asia, pp. 19-27. New Haven. 0002300 Li‚tard, A. 1913. Au Yun-nan: Les Lo-Lo P'o. Anthropos I: 1-272.

HRAF:AK5 SCCS# 68 EA# 140 Ee3 Lepcha. P:Lingthem and vicinity.

G:27ø30'N, 89øE. T:1937.

1111111 Gorer, G. 1938. Himalayan Village. London. 0222223 Morris, J. 1938. Living with Lepchas. London. 0300003 Das, A. K., and S. K. Banerjee. 1962. The Lepchas of Darjeeling District. Cultural Research Institute. Calcutta.

60

SCCS# 69 EA# 47 Ei1 Garo. P:village and environs of Rengsanggri.

G:26øN, 91øE. T:1955. 1111111 Burling, R. 1963. Rengsanggri: Family and Kinship in a Garo Village. Philadelphia. 2000003 Playfair, A. 1909. The Garos. London.

SCCS# 70 EA# 147 Ei4 Lakher.

G:22ø20'N, 93øE. T:1930. 1111110 Parry, N. E. 1932. The Lakhers. London.

HRAF:AP4 SCCS# 71 EA# 146 Ei3 Burmese. P:village of Nondwin.

G:22øN, 95ø40'E. T:1960.

1111111 Nash, M. 1965. The Golden Road to Modernity: Village Life in Contemporary Burma. New York. 0200000 Nash, M. 1963. Burmese Buddhism in Everyday Life. American Anthropologist 65: 285-295. 0022021 Scott, J. G. (Schway Yoe). 1882. The Burman: His Life and Notions. London. 3000202 Trager, F. N., ed. 1956. Burma. 3v. New Haven. 2000000 LeBar, F. M., G. C. Hickey, and J. K. Musgrave. 1964. Ethnic Groups of Mainland Southeast Asia, pp. 38-44. New Haven. 0300003 Brohm, J. 1963. Buddhism and Animism in a Burmese Village. Journal of Asian Studies 22: 155-167. 0000300 Somit, A. and J. Welsh. 1956. The Constitution and Government. Burma, ed. F. M. Trager, v.z., pp. 899-958. New Haven.

61

SCCS# 72 EA# 49 Ej1 Lamet. P:northwestern Laos.

G:20øN, 100ø40'E. T:1940. 1111111 Izikowitz, K. G. 1951. Lamet. Etnologiska Studier 17: 1-375. Goteborg.

HRAF:AM11 SCCS# 73 EA# 149 Ej4 Vietnamese. N:Red River delta in Tonkin.

G:20ø30'N, 106ø15'E. T:1930.

1144112 Gourou, P. 1936. Les paysans du delta tonkinois. Paris. 0000300 Gourou, P. 1955. Peasants of Tonkin Delta, a Study of Human Geography. New Haven. 2000000 Gourou, P. 1954. Land Utilization in French Indochina. 3v. Washington. 0211221 Hickey, G. C. 1964. Village in Vietnam. New Haven. 0000400 Linton, A. n.d. Summary of Vietnamese culture preparedfor HRAF. ms. 0000010 Nguyen-Van-Khoan. 1930. Essai sur le dinh et le culte du g‚nie tut‚laire des villages au Tonkin. Bulletin de l'Ecole Francoise d'Extreme Orient 30: 107-139. 0022000 Donoghue, J. D. n.d. 1964. Cam Ani, a Fishing Village in Central Vietnam. Lansing. 0033000 Coughlin, R. J. 1950. The Position of Women in Vietnam. New Haven. 0000000+ Coughlin, R.J. 1965. Pregnancy and Childbirth in Vietnam. Southeast Asian Birth Customs: Three Studies in Human Reproduction, eds. D.V. Hart, et al. New Haven. 0000003 Langrand, G. 1945. Vie sociale et religieuse en Annam. Lille. 0000003 Cadi‚re, L.M., et al. 1953. Vietnamese Ethnographic Papers. New Haven.

62

SCCS# 74 EA# 456 Ej10 Rhade (Ewe). P:village of Ko-sier.

G:13øN, 108øE. T:1962. 1111111 Donoghue, J.D., D.D. Whitney, and I. Ishino. 1962. People in the Middle: The Rhade of South Vietnam. East Lansing. 0000020 LeBar, F.G., G.C. Hickey, and J.K. Musgrave. 1964. Ethnic Groups of Mainland Southeast Asia, pp. 251-255. New Haven. 0002001 Sabatier, L. 1940. Recueil des coutumes rhad‚es du Darlac. Hanoi. 0000010 Donoghue, J.D. 1972. Personal communication.

HRAF:AM4 SCCS# 75 EA# 248 Ej5 Khmer. P:city of Angkor.

G:13ø30'N, 103ø50'E. T:1292.

1100110 Chou Ta-Kuan. 1902. M‚moires sur les coutumes du Cambodge, ed. P. Pelliot. Bulletin de l'Ecole Fran~aise d'Extreme- Orient 2: 123-177. 0311050 Steinberg, David J., et al. 1957. Cambodia: Its People, Its Society, Its Culture. New Haven. HRAF Press. 0022040 Por‚e, G., and E. Maspero. 1938. Moeurs et coutumes des Khmers. Paris. 2200220 Aymonier, E. 1900-04. Le Cambodge. 3v. Paris. 0000000 ? Poree-Maspero, E. (ed.). 1958. Ceremonies privees des Cambodgiens. Institut bouddnique. Phnom-Penh. 0000000 ? Delbert, J. 1961. Le Paysan Cambodgien. Paris. 0000000 ? Ebihara, M. 1964. Khmer. Ethnic Groups of Mainland Southeast Asia, ed. F. Le Bau, G. Hickey, and J. Musgrave, pp. 94-104. New Haven. 0000300 Coedes, G. 1968. The Indianized States of Southeast Asia, ed. W. F. Vella. Honolulu. 3000000 Groslier, B. P. 1956. Angkor, hommes et pierres. Paris. 0033030 Briggs, L. P. 1951. The Ancient Khmer Empire.

63

HRAF:AO1 SCCS# 76 EA# 367 Ej9 Thai (Siamese). P:village of Bang Chan.

G:14øN, 100ø50'E. T:1955.

1132113 Sharp, R. L., H. M. Hauck, K. Janlekha, and R. B. Textor. 1954. Simaese Village. Bangkok. 0014001 Hanks, J. R. 1963. Maternity and its Rituals in Bang Chan. Ithaca. 0021010 Hanks, L. M., Jr., and J. R. Hanks. 1961. Thailand: Equality Between the Sexes. Women in the New Asia, ed. B. J. Ward, pp. 424-451. 0243220 Sharp, R.L. and L.M. Hanks, Jr. 1978. Bang Chan: The Social History of a Rural Community in Thailand. Ithaca. 0000300 Bush, N. F. 1964. Thailand: An Introduction to Modern Siam. Princeton. 0000400 Insor, D. 1963. Thailand, a Political, Social, and Economic Analysis. New York. 0000020 Janlekha, K. O. 1955. A Study of the Economy of a Rice Growing Village in Central Thailand. Ph.D. dissertation, Cornell University. 2000000 Hauck, H. M. et al. 1958. Food Habits and Nutrient Intake in a Siamese Rice Village. Ithaca. 0055003 Phillips, H. P. 1965. Thai Peasant Personality. Berkeley. 0000500 Ninth Pacific Science Conference. 1957. Thailand Past and Present. Bangkok. 0060002 Benedict, R. F. 1943. Thai Culture and Behavior. Ithaca. 0000003 Anuman Rajadhon, P. 196l. Life and Ritual in Old Siam, ed. W.J. Gedney. New Haven.

64

HRAF:AN7 SCCS# 77 EA# 148 Ej3 Semang. P:Jahai subtribe.

G:5øN, 101ø15'. T:1925.

1021111 Schebesta, P. 1927. Among the Forest Dwarfs of Malaya. London. 0110221 Schebesta, P. 1952-57. Die Negrito Asiens. Studia Instituti Anthropos, vol. 6, i; 12, ii; 13, iii. Wien-Modling. Vienna. 2400003 Evans, I. H. N. 1937. The Negritos of Malaya. Cambridge. 0200000 LeBar, F. M., G. C. Hickey, and J. K. Musgrave. 1964. Ethnic Groups of Mainland Southeast Asia, pp. 181-186. 0300003+ Murdock, G. P. 1934. Our Primitive Contemporaries, pp. 85-106. New York.

SCCS# 78 EA# 244 Eh5 Nicobarese. P:northern islands.

G:8ø45'N, 92ø50'E. T:1870. 1111110 Man, E. H. 1932. The Nicobar Islands and Their People. Guilford. 0200001 Man, E. H. 1888. The Nicobar Islanders. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 18: 354-394. 2322221 Whitehead, G. 1924. In the Nicobar Islands. London. 0033002 Svoboda, W. 1892-93. Die Bewohner des Nikobaren-Archipels. Internationales Archiv fur Ethnographie. 5: 149-168, 185-214; 6: 1-40.

HRAF:AZ2 SCCS# 79 EA# 45 Eh1 Andamanese. P:Aka-Bea tribe.

G:11ø50'N, 93øE. T:1860.

2121111 Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. 1922. The Andaman Islanders. Cambridge. 1212220 Man, E. H. 1882 (2nd Edition 1932). On the Aboriginal Inhabitants of the Andaman Islands. London.

65

HRAF:AX5 SCCS# 80 EA# 145 Eh4 Vedda. P:Forest group.

G:7ø30'N, 81øE. T:1860.

2111110 Seligmann, C. G., and B. Z. Seligmann. 1911. The Veddas. Cambridge. 1223220 Bailey, J. 1863. An Account of the Wild Veddahs of Ceylon. Transactions of the Ethnological Society of London 2: 278- 320. 0302000 Spittel, R. L. 1945. Wild Ceylon. 3rd. edit. Colombo. 0000010 Ryan, B., C. Aruloragasam, and C. Bible. 1949-50. The Agricultural System of a Celon Jungle Village. Eastern Anthropologist 3:151-160.

HRAF:FY8 SCCS# 81 EA# 144 Eh3 Tanala. P:Menabe subtribe.

G:20øS, 48øE. T:1925.

1111111 Linton, R. 1933. The Tanala. Field Museum of Natural History Anthropological Series, 22: 1-334. 0222220 Linton, R. 1939. The Tanala of Madagascar. The Individual and His Society, ed., A. Kardiner, pp. 251-290. New York. 0300000 Murdock, G. P. 1959. Africa, pp. 212-220. New York. 0003000 Kardiner, A. 1939. The Analysis of Tanala Culture. The Individual and His Society, pp. 291-351. New York.

66

HRAF:AN5 SCCS# 82 EA#1262 Ej16 Negri Sembilan. P:Inas district.

G:2ø35'N, 102ø15'E. T:1958.

1111110 Lewis, D.K. 1962. The Minangkabau Malay of Negri Sembilan. Ph.D. dissertation, Cornell University. 0000020 Swift, M.G. 1965. Malay Peasant Society in Jelebu. London School of Economics Monographs on Social Anthropology 29:1-81. 0200200 Gulick, J.M. 1958. Indigenous Political Systems of Western Malaya. London School of Economics Monographs on Social Anthropology 17:1-151. 0022000 Wilkinson, R.J. 1911. Notes on the Negri Sembilan. Papers on Malay Subjects, ser.1: History, pt. 5. 0000300 Parmer, J.N. 1959. Malaya and Singapore. Government and Politics of Southeast Asia, ed. G. McT. Kahin, pp. 241-312. Ithaca.

67

SCCS# 83 EA# 54 Ib2 Javanese. P:vicinity of Pare.

G:7ø43'S, 112ø13'E. T:1955. 0011021 Geertz, H. 1961. The Javanese Family. New York. 3000000 Geertz, C. 1965. The Social History of an Indonesian Town. Cambridge. 4020001 Geertz, C. 1960. The Religion of Java. Chicago. 2400110 Geertz, C. 1963. Peddlers and Princes. Chicago. 1000000 Dewey, A. G. 1962. Peasant Marketing in Java. New York. 0102003 Jay, R. R. 1969. Javanese Villagers. Cambridge, Mass. 0200003 Jay, R. R. 1963. Religion and Politics in Central Java. New Haven. 0300000 Koentjaraningrat, R.M. 1967. Tjelapar: A Village in South Central Java. Villages in Indonesia, ed. Koentjaraningrat, pp. 244-280. Ithaca. 0004000 Koentjaraningrat, R.M. 1961. Some Social Anthropological Observations on Gotong Rojong Practices in Two Villages of Central Java. Ithaca. 0003003 Koentjaraningrat, R.M. 1960. The Javanese of South Central Java. Social Structure in Southeast Asia, ed. G.P. Murdock, pp. 88-115. Chicago. 0000200 Grant, B. 1964. Indonesia. Melbourne. 0000300 Kahin, G. McT. 1963. Indonesia. Major Goveernments of Asia, ed. G. McT. Kahin, pp. 535-688. Ithaca.

68

HRAF:OF7 SCCS# 84 EA# 152 Ib3 Balinese. P:village of Tihingan.

G:8ø30'S, 115ø20'E. T:1958.

2100113 Geertz, C. 1967. Tihingan. Villages in Indonesia, ed. Koentjaraningrat, pp. 210-293. Ithaca. 3200000 Geertz, C. 1959. Form and Variation in Balinese Village Structure. American Anthropologist 61: 991-1012. 1000220 Geertz, C. 1963. Peddlers and Princes. Chicago. 0300000 Geertz, C., and H. Geertz. 1959. The Balinese Kinship System. Ms. 0400000 Geertz, C. 1959. Balinese Religion in Transition. Ms. 0521000 Belo, J. 1936. A Study of a Balinese Family. American Anthropologist 38: 12-31. 0003003 Belo, J. 1970. Traditional Balinese Culture. New York. 0000033 Franken, H. J., R. Goris, C. J. Grader, V. E. Korn, and J. L. Swellengrebel. 1960. Bali: Studies in Life, Thought, and Ritual. The Hague. 4632001 Covarrubias, M. 1937. Island of Bali. New York. 0014000 Mead, M. and F. C. MacGregor. 1951. Growth and Culture: A Photographic Study of Balinese Childhood. New York. 0000300 Grant, B. 1964. Indonesia. Melbourne. 0000400 Kahin, G. McT. 1963. Indonesia. Major Governments of Asia, ed. G. McT. Kahin, pp. 535-688. Ithaca.

69

HRAF:OC6 SCCS# 85 EA# 53 Ib1 Iban. P:Ulu Ai group.

G:2øN, 113øE. T:1950.

1202110 Freeman, J. D. 1955. Iban Agriculture. Colonial Research Studies 18: 1-148. 2100223 Freeman, J. D. 1955 (2nd Edition 1970). Report on the Iban of Sarawak. Kuching. 0003010 Freeman, J. 1957. Iban Pottery. Sarawak Museum Journal 8: 53-176. 0304002 Freeman, J.D. 1958. The Family System of the Iban. Cambridge Papers in Social Anthropology I: 15-52. 0000000 Freeman, J. D. 1958. The Iban of Western Borneo. Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology, 29: 65-87. 0411021 Gomes, E. H. 1911. Seventeen Years Among the Sea Dyaks of Borneo. London. 0000030 Sandin, B. 1968. The Sea Dayaks of Borneo. East Lansing. 0020000 Roth, H. L., ed. 1892. The Natives of Borneo. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 21: 110-137. 0030001 Howell, W. 1908-10. The Sea Dyak. Sarawak Gazette, vols. 38-50. 0000300 Roberts, C. F., and I. Kaplan, eds. 1956. North Borneo, Brunei, Sarawak. New Haven.

SCCS# 86 EA#1099 Ia13 Badjau. P:Tawi-Tawi and adjacent islands.

G:5øN, 120øE. T:1963. 1111111 Nimmo, H. A. 1964. Nomads of the Sulu Sea. University of Hawaii. 3000000 Nimmo, H. A. 1968. Reflections on Bajau History. Philippine Studies 16:32-59. 2022223 Nimmo, H. A. 1965. Social Organization of the Tawi-Tawi Badjaw. Ethnology 4:421-439. 0000003 Nimmo, H. A. 1970. Badjau Sex and Reproduction. Ethnology 9:251-262. 0100001 Nimmo, H.A. 1969. The Structure of Badjau Society. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Hawaii.

70

SCCS# 87 EA# 254 Ic5 Toraja. P:Bare'e subgroup.

G:2øS, 121øE. T:1910. 1111111 Adriani, N., and A. C. Kruijt. 1912. De Bare'e-sprekende Toradja's van Midden-Celebes. 3v. Batavia. (reprinted 1950-51 Amsterdam.) 0220221 Downs, R. E. 1956. The Religion of the Bare'e-speaking Toradja. The Hague.

SCCS# 88 EA#1118 Ic10 Tobelorese. P:Tobelo district.

G:1øN, 128ø30'E. T:1900. 1211000 Hueting, A. 1921. De Tobeloreezen in hun denken en doen. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land-, en Volkenkunde 77:217-358;78: 137-342. 2122000 Riedel, J. G. F. 1885. Galela und Tobeloresen. Zeitschrift fur Ethnologie, 17:58-89.

HRAF:OF5 SCCS# 89 EA# 154 Ic2 Alorese. P:Atimelang.

G:8ø20'S, 124ø40'E. T:1938.

1111111 DuBois, C. 1944. The People of Alor. Minneapolis. 3222223 DuBois, C. 1945. The Alorese. The Psychological Frontiers of Society, ed. A. Kardiner, pp. 101-145. New York. 2400003 DuBois, C. 1941. Attitudes Toward Food and Hunger in Alor. Language, Culture, and Personality, ed. L. Spier et al., p pp. 272-281. Menasha. 4300000 DuBois, C. 1940. How They Pay Debts in Alor. Asia 40:482-486.

71

HRAF:OI20 SCCS# 90 EA# 157 Id3 Tiwi. P:Melville Island.

G:11ø20'S, 131øE. T:1929.

1104113 Hart, C.W.M., and A.R. Pilling. 1960. The Tiwi of North Australia. New York. 0201221 Goodale, J. C. 1971. Tiwi Wives. Seattle. 0300002 Goodale, J. C. 1962. Marriage Contracts Among the Tiwi. Ethnology 1: 452-466. 0010000 Goodale, J. C. 1959. The Tiwi Women of Melville Island. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Pennsylvania. 0002000 Goodale, J. C. 1960. Sketches of Tiwi Children. Expedition 2, no. 4: 4-13. 2000000 Basedow, H. 1913. Notes on the Natures of Bathurst Island. Journal of the Anthropology Institute 48:291-323. 0000021 Mountford, C. P. 1958. The Tiwi, Their Arts and Ceremony. London. 0003001 Pilling, A. R. 1957. Law and Feud in an Aboriginal Society of North Australia. Ph.D. dissertation. University of California at Berkeley.

HRAF:OI08 SCCS# 91 EA# 56 Id1 Aranda. P:Alice Springs.

G:24ø15'S, 133øE. T:1896.

1111111 Spencer, B., and F. J. Gillen. 1927. The Arunta. 2v. London. 2222223 Murdock, George P. 1934. Our Primitive Contemporaries, pp. 20-47. New York. 0033003 Strehlow, C. 1907-11. Die Aranda und Loritja Stamme in Zentral-Australien. Frankfurt.

72

HRAF:OJ23 SCCS# 92 EA# 457 Ie9 Orokaiva. P:Aiga subtribe.

G:8ø30'S, 148øE. T:1925.

1121111 Williams, F.E. 1930. Orokaiva Society. London. 0000001 Williams, F.E. 1928. Orokaiva Magic. London. 0212223 Reay, Marie. 1953. Social Control amongst the Orokaiva. Oceania 24:110-118. 2000000 Waddell, E.W., and P.A. Krinks. 1968. The Organization of Production and Distribution Among the Orokaiva. New Guinea Research Bulletin 24.

SCCS# 93 EA#1101 Ie18 Kimam. P:Bamol village.

G:7ø30'S, 38ø30'E. T:1960. 1111110 Serpenti, L.M. 1965. Cultivators in the Swamps. Assen.

HRAF:OJ29 SCCS# 94 EA# 57 Ie1 Kapauku. P:village of Botukebo.

G:4øS, 136øE. T:1955.

3111001 Pospisil, L. 1958. Kapauku Papuans and Their Law. Yale University Publications in Anthropology, 54: 1-296. 2000003 Pospisil, L. 1960. the Kapauku Papuans and Their Kinship Organization. Oceania 30: 188-205. 1300001 Pospisil, L. 1963. Kapauku Papuan Economy. Yale University Publications in Anthropology, 67: 1-502. 0202001 Pospisil, L. 1963. The Kapauku Papuans of West New Guinea. New York.

HRAF:MP5 SCCS# 95 EA# 655 Ie12 Kwoma. P:Hongwam subtribe.

G:4ø10'S, 142ø40'E. T:1937.

1111000 Whiting, J.W.M. 1941. Becoming a Kwoma. New Haven. 0222000 Whiting, J.W.M., and S.W. Reed. 1938. Kwoma Culture. Oceania 9:170-216.

73

HRAF:OM6 SCCS# 96 EA# 373 Ig9 Manus. P:village of Peri.

G:2ø10'S, 147ø10'E. T:1929.

1111001 Mead, M. 1930. Growing Up in New Guiena. New York. 0322003 Mead, M. 1934. Kinship in the Admirality Islands. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 34: 180-358. 0244000 Mead, M. 1969. New Lives for Old. New York. 2000000 Mead, M. 1930. Melanesian Middlemen. Natural History 30: 115-130. 0033000 Mead, M. 1932. An Investigation of the Thought of Primitive Children with Special Reference to Animism. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 62: 173-190. 3000003 Mead, M. 1937. The Manus of the Admiralty Islands. Cooperation and Competition among Primitive Peoples, ed. M. Mead, pp. 210-239. New York. 0000001 Fortune, R.F. 1935. Manus Religion. Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society 3:1-391.

HRAF:OM10 SCCS# 97 EA# 163 Ig4 New Irelanders. P:Lesu village.

G:2ø30'S, 151øE. T:1930.

1111000 Powdermaker, H. 1933. Life in Lesu. New York. 2200000 Powdermaker, H. 1932. Feasts in New Ireland. American Anthropologist 34: 236-247. 0300000 Powdermaker, H. 1931. Mortuary Rites in New Ireland. Oceania 2: 26-43. 0400000 Powdermaker, H. 1931. Vital Statistics in New Ireland. Human Biology 3: 351-375.

74

HRAF:OL6 SCCS# 98 EA# 62 Ig2 Trobrianders. P:Kiriwina island.

G:8ø38'S, 151ø4'E. T:1914.

1122001 Malinowski, B. 1935. Coral Gardens and Their Magic. 2v. New York. 0211003 Malinowski, B. 1929. The Sexual Life of Savages in Northwestern Melanesia. 2v. New York. 0400001 Malinowski, B. 1926. Crime and Custom in Savage Society. Harcourt, Brace. London. 0300001 Malinowski, B. 1922. Argonauts of the Western Pacific. George Routledge and Sons. London. 2000000 Malinowski, B. 1921. The Primitive Economics of the Trobriand Islanders, Economic Journal 31: 1-16. 0033000 Malinowski, B. 1927. Sex and Repression in Savage Society. London. 0000100 Powell, H. A. 1960. Competitive Leadership in Trobriand Political Organization. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 90: 118-145. 0000010 Silas, E. 1926. A Primitive Arcadia. London. 0500000 Fathauer, G. H. 1954. Kinship and Social Structure of the Trobriand Islands. Ms. 0000200 Uburoi, J.P.S. 1962. Politics of the Kula Ring. New York.

SCCS# 99 EA# 61 Ig1 Siuai. P:northeastern group.

G:7øS, 155ø20'E. T:1939. 1111001 Oliver, D. L. 1955. A Solomon Island Society. Cambridge. 2000001 Oliver, D. L. 1949. Studies in the Anthropology of Bougainville. Papers of the Peabody Museum, Harvard University, vol. 29, 1-4.

75

HRAF:OT11 SCCS#100 EA# 66 Ii2 Tikopia. P:district of Ravenga.

G:12ø30'S, 168ø30'E. T:1930.

2111001 Firth, R. 1936. We, the Tikopia. London. 1000001 Firth, R. 1939. A Primitive Polynesian Economy. London. 0000100 Firth, R. 1960. Succession to Chieftainship in Tikopia. Oceania 30: 161-180. 0200001 Firth, R. 1940. Work of the Gods. London School of Economics Monographs on Social Anthropology vols. 1-2. 0022000 Firth, R. 1956. Ceremonies for Children and Social Frequency in Tikopia. Oceania 27: 12-55. 0300000 Firth, R. 1952. Conflict and Adjustment in Tikopia Religions Systems. Ms.

SCCS#101 EA# 164 Ih3 Pentecost. P:Bunlap village.

G:16øS, 168øE. T:1953. 3111000 Lane, R. B., and B. S. Lane. 1957. Unpublished field notes. 1200000 Lane, R. B. 1956. The Heathen Communities of Southeast Pentecost. Journal de la Soci‚te des Oceanistes 12: 139-180. 2322000 Lane, R. B. 1965. The Melanesians of South Pentecost. Gods, Ghosts and Men in Melanesia, ed. P. Lawrence and M. G. Meggitt, pp. 250-279. London.

76

HRAF:OQ06 (Lau) SCCS#102 EA#1267 Ih14 Mbau Fijians. P:island of Mbau.

G:18øS, 178ø35'E. T:1840.

1111001 Williams, T. 1884. Fiji and the Fijians. Rev. edit. London. 0233003 Waterhouse, J. 1866. The King and People of Fiji. London. 2400000 Tippett, A. R. 1968. Fijian Material culture. Bulletins of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum 232: 1-193. 0300000 Ross, G. K. 1953. Fijian Way of Life. Melbourne. 0522000 Tonganivalu, D. 1911. The Customs of Ban Before the Advent of Christianity. Transactions of the Fijian Society. 0000010 Toganivalu, D. 1917. Fijian Property and Gear. Transactions of the Fijian Society. 0644003 Deane, W. 1921. Fijian Society. London. 0000001 Spencer, D.M. 1941. Disease, Religion and Society in the Fiji Islands. Monographs of the American Ethnological Society 2:1-82. 0000001 Thomson, B. 1908. The Fijians. London.

SCCS#103 EA# 263 Ih5 Ajie. P:Neje chiefdom.

G:21ø20'S, 165ø40'E. T:1845. 2111001 Leenhardt, M. 1930. Notes d'ethnologie n‚o-cal‚donienne. Travauø eô M‚moireó då l'Instituô d'Ethnologiå 8º 1-340. Paris. 3200003 Leenhardt, M. 1937. Gens de la Grand Terre, Nouvelle Cal‚donie. Paris. 1400002 Barrau, J. 1956. L'agriculture viviere autochtone. Noumea. 0300003 Guiart, J. 1956. L'organisation sociale et countumiere de la population autochtone. Noumea. 0000100 Guiart, J. 1963. Structure de la chefferie en M‚lan‚sie du Sud. Travaux et M‚moires de l'Institut d'Ethnologie 66: 1-688.

77

HRAF:OZ04 SCCS#104 EA# 167 Ij2 Maori. P:Nga Puhi tribe.

G:35ø20'S, 170øE. T:1820.

2162000 Best, E. 1924. The Maori. 2v. Wellington. 3000000 Best, E. 1925. Maori Agriculture. Wellington. 0000100 Best, E. 1952. The Maori as He Was. Wellington. 0200000 Firth, R. 1959. (2nd Edition). Economics of the New Zealand Maori. Wellington. 0340010 Earle, A. 1832. A Narrative of Nine Months' Residence in New Zealand in 1827. London. 4404000 Buck, P. H. 1949. The Coming of the Maori. Wellington. 0500000 Hawthorn, H. B. 1944. The Maori:A Study in Acculturation. Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association, 64: 1-130. 0000220 Wright, H. M. 1959. New Zealand, 1769-1840: Early Years of Western Contact. Cambridge. 1023000 Polack, J. S. 1838. New Zealand. 2v. London. 0600000 Shortland, E. 1856. Traditions and Superstitions of the New Zealanders. London. 0050000 Gudgeon, T. W. 1885. The History and doings of the Maoris. Auckland. 5000000 Maning, F. E. 1876. Old New Zealand. London. 0011000 Reed, A. W. 1963. Illustrated Encylopedia of Maori Life. New Zealand. 0030000 Cruise, R. A. 1824. Journal of a Ten Month's Residence in New Zealand. 2nd edit. London.

78

HRAF:OX06 SCCS#105 EA# 168 Ij3 Marquesans. P:southwest Nuku Hiva.

G:8ø55'S, 140ø10'W. T:1800.

0155003 * Handy, E.S.C. 1923. Native Culture in the Marquesas. Bulletins of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum. 9: 1-358. 0000000 * Handy, W.C. 1922. Tattooing in the Marquesas. Bulletins of the Bernice P. Biship Museum No. 1. Honolulu. 0000000 * Linton, R. 1923. The Material Culture of the Marquesas Islands. Memoirs of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, vol. 8, no. 5. Honolulu. 0000000 * Sullivan, L.R. 1923. Marquesan Somatology with Comparative Notes on Samoa and Tonga. Memoirs of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, vol. 9, no. 2. Honolulu. 3211000 La Barre, R.W. 1934. Marquesan Culture. Ms. 1000002 Lisiansky, R. 1814. Voyage Round the World in the Years 1803-06. London. 2000002 Porter, D. 1823. A Voyage in the South Seas in the Years 1812-14. London. 0300000 Sheahan, G. M., ed. 1952. Marquesan Source Materials. Ms. 0400003 Miranda, P. 1964. Marquesan Social Structure. Ethnohistory 11: 301-379. 0522003 Tautain. 1896. Sur l'anthropophagie et les sacrifices humains aux Iles Marquises. L'Anthropologie 7: 443-452. 0633000 Tautain. 1897. Notes sur les constructions et monuments des Marquises. L'Anthropologie 8: 538-558. Forster, J.G.A. 1777. A Voyage Round the World in Britannic Majesty's Sloop Resolution, Commanded by Captain J. Cook, During the Years 1772, 3, 4, and 5. London. 0044000 * Suggs, Robert C. 1966. Marquesan Sexual Behavior. Harcourt, Brace. New York. 0000000 $ Suggs, Robert C. 1971. Sex and Personality in the Marquesas. Human Sexual Behavior, ed. P.S. Marshall and R.C. Suggs, pp. 163-186. Princeton. 0066000 * Linton, R. 1939. Marquesan Culture. The Individual and His Society, ed. A. Kardiner, pp. 137-196. New York. 0033000 Tautain, 1898. Etude sur la depopulation de l'Archipel des Marquises. Anthropologie 9:298-318.

79

HRAF:OU08 SCCS#106 EA#1263 Ii14. Samoans. P: Aana Kingdom of western Upolu

island.

G:13ø50'S, 172øW. T:1829. 1512001 Turner, G. 1884. Samoa. London. 0004310 Kramer, A. 1906. Hawaii, Ostmikronesien und Samoa, pp. 253-315. Stuttgart. 0101003 Kramer, A. 1901-92. Die Samoa-Inseln. 2v. Stuttgart. 2420001 Stair, J. B. 1897. Old Samoa. London. 0233003 Grattan, F.J.H. 1948. An Introduction to Samoan Custom. Apia. 3600000 Buck, P. H. 1930. Samoan Material Culture. Bulletins of the Bishop Museum 75: 1-724. 0345000 Murdock, G. P. 1934. The Samoans. Our Primitive Contemporaries, pp. 48-84. New York. 0000100 Bulow, W. von. 1897. Der Stammbaum der Konige von Samoa. Globus, 1971. 0000200 Davidson, J. W. 1948. Political Development in Western Samoa. Pacific Affairs 21: 136-149. 0000300 Ember, M. 1962. Political Authority and the Structure of Kinship in Aboriginal Samoa. American Anthropologist 64: 964-971. 0000400 Keesing, F. M. 1934. Modern Samoa:Its Government and Changing Life. London. 0000500 Panoff, M. 1964. L'ancienne organisation c‚r‚monielle et politique des Samoa occidentales. L'Homme, v. 4, no. 2: 63-83.

80

SCCS#107 EA# 633 If14 Gilbertese. P:Northern (Makin and Butiritari Islands).

G:3ø30'S, 172ø20'E. T:1890.

1400000 Lambert, B. 1968. The Economic Activities of a Gilbertese Chief. Political Anthropology, ed. M.J. Schwartz, et al., pp. 155-172. Chicago. 2200000 Lambert, B. 1970. The Gilbert Islands. Land Tenure in the Pacific, ed. R.G. Crocombe . . .. 3312000 Lambert, B. 1964. Fosterage in the Northern Gilbert Islands. Ethnology 3: 232-258. 0100000 Lambert, B. 1963. Rank and Ramage in the Northern Gilbert Islands. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California at Berkeley. 0500000 Lambert, B. n.d. Gilbert Islands. Adoption in Eastern Oceanea, ed. V. Carroll. 4624000 Finsch, O. 1893. Ethnologische Erfahrungen und Belegstucke aus der Sudsee 3: 19-89. Wien. 5033000 Kramer, A. 1906. Hawii, Ostmikronesien, und Samoa, pp. 253-315. Stuttgart. 0041000 Grimble, A. 1921. From Birth to Death in the Gilbert Islands. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 51: 25-54.

81

HRAF:OR11 SCCS#108 EA#1266 If17 Marshallese. P:Jaluit atoll.

G:6øN, 169ø15'E. T:1900.

1240000 Kramer, A., and H. Nevermann. 1938. Ralik-Ratak. Ergebnisse der Sudsee-Expedition 1908-10, ed. G. Thilenius 2: (xi) 1-438. Hamburg. 3511001 Erdland, P. A. 1914. Die Marshall-Insulaner. Anthropos Bibliothek Ethnological Monographs 2: 1-376. Munster i. Wien. 0130000 Spoehr, A. 1949. Majuro:A Village in the Marshall Islands. Fieldiana:Anthropology 39: 1-266. 0002000 Spoehr, A. n.d. Personal communication. 2300000 Mason, L. E. 1947. The Economic Organization of the Marshall Islands. Ms. 0000103 Senfft, A. 1903. Die Marshall-Insulaner. Reohtverhaltnisse von eingeborenen Voklern in Afrika und Ozeanien, ed. S. R. Steinmetz, pp. 425-455. Berlin. 0400000 Murdock, G. P., C. S. Ford, and J.W.M. Whiting. 1943. Marshall Islands. Military Government Handbook OPNAV 50 E-1, 1-113. Washington. 0600000 Finsch, O. 1893. Ethnologische Erfahrungen und Belegstucke aus der Sudsee 3: 119-383. 0020000 Wedgewood, C. 1942. Notes on the Marshall Islands. Oceania 13: 1-23.

82

HRAF:OR19 SCCS#109 EA# 60 If2 Trukese. P:island of Romonum.

G:7ø24'N, 151ø40'E. T:1947.

2100101 Goodenough, W. H. 1949. (1951. New Haven.)Property, Kin, and Community on Truk. Yale University Publications in Anthropology, 46: 1-192. 1200002 LeBar, F. M. 1964. The Material Culture of Truk. Yale University Publications in Anthropology, 68: 1-185. 0311011 Gladwin, T., and S. B. Sarason. 1953. Truk:Man in Paradise. Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology 20: 1-655. 0003200 Goodenough, W. H. 1969. Changing Social Organization on Romonum, Truk 1947-1965. Ms. 0000020 Murdock, G. P., C. S. Ford, and J.W.M. Whiting. 1944. East Caroline Islands. Civil Affairs Handbook OPNAV 50-E-5: 1-213. Washington. 0022000 Fischer, Ana M. 1950. The Role of the Trukese Mother and Its Effect on Child Training. (Final SIM Report, Pacific Science Board, National Research Council, mimeographed, Washington.) 0000001 Bollig, L. 1927. Die Bewohner der Truk-Inseln. Anthropos Ethnologische Bibliothek, vol. 3. Munster.

83

HRAF:OR22 SCCS#110 EA# 260 If6 Yapese.

G:9ø30'N, 138ø10'E. T:1910.

3010010 Hunt, E. E., Jr., D. M. Schneider, N. R. Kidder, and W. D. Stevens. 1949. The Micronesians of Yap and Their Depopulation. Washington. 1121000 Muller, W. 1917. Yap. Ergebnisse der Sudsee-Expedition 1908-1910, ed. G. Thilenius 2, B, iii:1-380. Hamburg. 0054100 Schneider, D. M. 1953. Yap Kinship Terminology and Kin Groups. American Anthropologist 55: 215-236. 0300000 Schneider, D. M. 1962. Double Descent on Yap. Journal of the Polynesian Society. 71: 1-24. 0040000 Schneider, D.M. n.d. Unpublished field notes. 0400000 Schneider. 1957. Political Organization, Supernatural Sanctions and the Punishment for Incest on Yap. American Anthropologist 59: 791-800. 0000220 Senfft, A. 1903. Ethnographische Beitrage uber die Carolineninsel Yap. Petermanns Mitteilungen 49: 46-60, 83-87. 2032000 Salesius. 1906. Die Karolineninsel Jap. Berlin. 0003000 Tetens, A. 1958. Among the Savages of the South Seas. Trans. F. M. Spoehr. Stanford. 4000000 Tetens, A., and J. Kubary. 1873. Die Carolineninsel Yap. Journal des Museum Godeffroy 1: 84-120. Hamburg. 0260000 Murdock, G. P., C. S. Ford, and J.W.M. Whiting. 1944. West Caroline Islands. Civil Affairs Handbook OPNAV 50E-7: 1-222.

84

SCCS#111 EA# 59 If1 Palauans. P:island of Koror.

G:7øN, 134ø30'E. T:1873. 0002111 Kubary, J. S. 1873. Die Palau-Inseln in der Sudsee. Journal des Museum Godeffroy I: 177-238. Hamburg. 0000200 Kubary, J. S. 1900. Die Verbrechen und das Strafverfahren auf den Pelau-Inseln. Die Mikronesischen Kolonien aus ethnologischen Gesichtspunkten, ed. A. Bastian 2: 1-36. Berlin. 1000001 Keate, G. 1788. An Account of the Pelew Islands. London. 0011000 Barnett, H. G. 1949. Palauan Society. Eugene. 0220000 Barnett, H. G. 1960. Being a Palauan. New York. 0100001 Kramer, A. 1929. Palau. Ergebnisse aus der Sudsee-Expedition 1908-1910, ed. G. Thilenius, 5 vols., B, III. Hamburg. 2300000 Force, R. W. 1960. Leadership and Cultural Change in Palau. Fieldiana, Anthropology 50: 1-211. 3400000 Murdock, G. P., C. S. Ford, and J.W.M. Whiting. 1944. West Caroline Islands. Civil Affairs Handbook, OPNAV 50-E-7, pp. 1-222. Washington. 0000303 Semper, K. 1873. Die Paulau-Inseln im Stillen Ozean. Leipzig.

HRAF:OA19 SCCS#112 EA# 150 Ia3 Ifugao. P:Kiangan group.

G:16ø50'N, 121ø10'E. T:1910.

0121003 Barton, R. F. 1938. Philippine Pagans. London. 0212000 Barton, R. F. 1930. The Half-Way Sun. New York. 0343001 Barton, R.F. 1919. Ifugao Law. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 15:1-186. 0434001 Barton, R. F. 1946. The Religion of the Ifugaos. Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association, 65: 1-219. 1500003 Barton, R. F. 1922. Ifugao Economics. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 15(5): 385-446.

85

HRAF:AD04 SCCS#113 EA# 51 Ial Atayal.

G:24øN, 120ø35'E. T: 1930.

1101001 Okada, Y. 1949. The Social Structure of the Atayal Tribe. Ms. (Unpublished translation from the Japanese, Essays Presented to Teizo Toda, pp. 393-433.)Tokyo. 0000110 Ferrell, R. 1969. Taiwan Aboriginal Groups:Problems in Cultural and Linguistic Classification. Academia Sinica, Institute of Ethnology Monographs 17. 2313003 Ruey, Yih-Fu. 1955. Ethnographical Investigation of Some Aspects of the Atayal. Bulletin, Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, National Taiwan University 5: 113-127. 0402000 Ruey, Yih-Fu. n.d. The Atayal. Ms. 0200003 Mabuchi, T. 1960. The Aboriginal Peoples of Formosa. Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology 29: 127-140.

HRAF:AF01 SCCS#114 EA#1259 Ed15 Chinese (Chekiang). P:Kaihsienkung village.

G:31øN, 120ø5'E. T:1936.

1112000 Fei, H. 1946. Peasant Life in China. New York. 0000010 Smith, A.H. 1970. Village Life in China. Boston. 0023000 Fried, M. 1953. Fabric of Chinese Society. N.Y. 0031000 Lang, O. 1946. Chinese Family and Society. New Haven. 0000100 Ch'ien, Tuan-sheng. 1967. The Government & Politics of China. Cambridge. 0000200 Linebarger, P.M.A., D. Chu, and A.W. Burks. 1956. Far Eastern Governments and Politics: China and Japan. Princeton.

86

HRAF:AG01 SCCS#115 EA# 137 Ed3 Manchu. P:Aigun district.

G:50øN, 125ø30'E. T:1915.

1111001 Shirokogoroff, S. M. 1924. Social Organization of the Manchus. Royal Asiatic Society, North China Branch, Extra Vol. 3: 1-194. Shanghai.

HRAF:RX02 HRAF:AA01

SCCS#116 EA# 39 Ed1 Koreans. P:Sondup'o village, Samku Li town, Kanghwa Isl.

G:37ø37'N, 126ø25'E. T:1947.

1111000 Osgood, C. B. 1951. The Koreans and Their Culture. New York. 0234000 Rutt, R. 1964. Korean Works and Days. Rutland. 0022000 Hewes, G. W., and C. H. Kim. 1952. Korean Kinship Behavior and Structure. Research Monographs on Korea, Ser. F, 2: 1-20. Pyongyang. 0000010 Dallet, C. 1874. Histoire de l'eglise de Coree, v. I. Paris. 0000020 Heydrich, M. 1931. Koreanische Landwirtschaft. Abhandlungen und Berichte, Museum fur Tierkunde and Volkerkunde zu Dresden 19:1-44. 0003000 Kang, Y. 1931. The Grass Roof. New York.

87

SCCS#117 EA# 237 Ed5 Japanese. P:southern Okayama prefecture.

G:34ø40'N, 133ø48'E. T:1950. 1111001 Beardsley, R. K., J. W. Hall, and R. E. Ward. 1959. Village Japan. Chicago. 2000001 Norbeck, E. 1954. Takashima. Salt Lake City. 0000010 DeVos, G., and H. Wagatsuma. 1967. Japan's Invisible Race. Berkeley and Los Angeles. 0022002 DeVos, G. 1965. Social Values and Personal Attitudes in Primary Human Relations in Niiike. University of Michigan Center for Japanese Studies, Occasional Papers. 0003023 Smith, R. J., and J. B. Cornell. 1956. Two Japanese Villages. Ann Arbor. 0004000 Brown, L. K. n.d. Personal Communication. 0000100 Buck, P. W. and J. W. Masland. 1950. The Governments of Foreign Powers, pp. 591-710. New York.

HRAF:AB06 SCCS#118 EA# 325 Ec7 Ainu. P:Saru basin.

G:42ø50'N, 143øE. T:1880.

1100003 Watanabe, H. 1964. The Ainu. Journal of the Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Anthropology 2: vi, 1-164. 0041011 Hilger, M. I. 1971. Together with the Ainu. Norman. 0300002 Sugiura, S., and H. Befu. 1962. Kinship Organization of the Saru Ainu. Ethnology 1: 287-298. 2430001 Batchelor, J. 1927. Ainu Life and Lore. Tokyo. 0022000 Batchelor, J. 1895. The Ainu of Japan. New York. 0210001 Munro, N.G. 1962. Ainu Creed and Cult, ed. B.Z. Seligman. New York. 0003000 Murdock, G. P. 1934. The Ainus of Northern Japan. Our Primitive Contemporaries, pp. 163-191. New York. 0000100 Cornell, J. B. 1964. Ainu Assimilation and Cultural Extinction:Acculturation Policy in Hokkaido. Ethnology 3: 287-304. 0050000 Sutherland, I. L. G. 1948. The Ainu People of Northern Japan. Journal of the Polynesian Society 57:203-226.

88

HRAF:RX02 SCCS#119 EA# 37 Ec1 Gilyak. P:Sakhalin Island.

G:54øN, 142øE. T:1890.

2111000 Shternberg, L. 1933. Semya i rod u narodov severo-vostochnoi Azii. Leningrad. 1022000 Seeland, N. 1882. Die Ghiliaken. Russische Revue 21: 97-130, 222-254. 0200000 Schrenck, L. von. 1881. Reisen und Forschungen im Amur-Lande 3: Die Volker des Amur-Landes. St. Petersburg. 0300000 Hawes, C. H. 1903. In the Uttermost East. London. 0400000 Ivanov, S. V., M. G. Levin, and A. V. Smolyak. n.d. The Nevkhi. The People of Siberia, ed. M. G. Levin and L. P. Potapuv, pp. 767-785. Chicago. 0000000 $ Chard, C.S. 1961. Sternberg's Materials on the Sexual Life of the Gilyak. Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 10:13-23.

SCCS#120 EA# 236 Ec6 Yukaghir. P:on upper Kolyma River.

G:65øN, 155øE. T:1850. 1111001 Jochelson, W. 1919-26. The Yukaghir and Yukaghirized Tungus. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History, 13. 1-469.

HRAF:RY02 SCCS#121 EA# 135 Ec3 Chukchee. P:Reindeer division.

G:67øN, 180øE. T:1900.

1111001 Bogoras, W. 1901. The Chukchee. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History, 11. 1-703. 0200000 Bogoras, W. 1901. The Chukchee of Northeastern Asia. American Anthropologist 3: 80-108. 0003000 Krenova, J. 1936. The Chukchee Children. Indians at Work 3: 35-37. 2000000 Orlovshii, P. N. 1928. God Anadrysko-Chukotskoga olenevoda. Severnaia Aziia 2: 61-70. Moskva. 0022003 Sverdrup, H. U. 1938. Hos tendrafolket. Oslo.

89

SCCS#122 EA# 377 Na8 Ingalik. P:village of Shageluk.

G:62ø30'N, 159ø30'W. T:1885. 2111001 Osgood, C. 1958. Ingalik Social Culture. Yale University Publications in Anthropology, 55: 1-289. 1222003 Osgood, C. 1940. Ingalik Material Culture. Yale University Publications in Anthropology, 22: 1-500. 0303001 Osgood, C. 1959. Ingalik Mental Culture. Yale University Publications in Anthropology, 56:1-195.

HRAF:NA06 SCCS#123 EA# 458 Na9 Aleut. P:Unalaska division.

G:55øN, 164øW. T:1778.

0111001 Veniaminov, I.E.P. 1840. Zapiski ob ostrovakh unalashkinskago otdela. 3v. St. Petersburg. 1000003 Cook, J. 1785. A Voyage to the Pacific Ocean. London. 2300003 Sarychev, Gavriil A. 1806. Account of a Voyage of Discovery to the Northeast of Siberia, vol. 2. London. 0000010 Golder, F.A. 1922-25. Bering's Voyages. 2v. New York. 0000020 Langsdorff, G.H. von. 1817. Voyages and Travels. London. 0000030 Jochelson,A. 1925. Archeaological Investigations in the Aleutian Islands. Washington. 3020000 Elliott, H.W. 1886. Our Arctic Province. New York. 0202001 Lantis, M. 1970. Ethnohistory in Southwestern Alaska and the Southern Yukon. Lexington, Ky. 0030000 Coxe, W. 1804. Account of Russian Discoveries Between Asia and America. London. 0000100 Sauer, M. 1802. An Account of a Geographical and Astronomical Expedition to the Northern Parts of Russia. London. 0000003 Bank, T.P. 1953. Health and Medical Lore of the Aleuts. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters 38:415-431.

90

HRAF:ND08 SCCS#124 EA# 169 Na3 Copper Eskimo. P:mainland division of

Coronation Gulf.

G:68øN, 113øW. T:1915. 1110000 Jenness, D. 1922. The Life of the Copper Eskimos. Report of the Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1913-18 12:5-277. Ottawa. 0023003 Rasmussen, K. 1932. Intellectual Culture of the Copper Eskimos. Report of the Fifth Thule Expedition 9: 1-350. Copenhagen. 3000003 Stefansson, V. 1914. The Stefansson-Anderson Arctic Expedition. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 14: 1-395. 2300000 Jenness, D. 1917. The Copper Eskimos. Geographical Review 4: 81-91. 0202001 Jenness, D. 1928. People of the Twilight. New York.

HRAF:NH06 SCCS#125 EA# 495 Na32 Montagnais. P: Lake St. John and Mistassahi

bands.

G:50øN, 74øW. T: 1910. 1100000 Lips, J.E. 1947. Notes on Montagnais-Naskapi Economy. NH 6= Ethnos 12: 1-78. 0021010 Burgesse, J.A. 1944. The Woman and Child Among the NH 6= Lac-St.-Jean Montagnais. Primitive Man 17: 1-18. 2200000 Speck, F.G. 1935. Naskapi. Norman. 0300000 Speck, F.G. 1931. Montagnais-Naskapi Bands and Early Eskimo Distributions in the Labrador Peninsula. American Anthropologist 33: 557-600. 0000020 Lane, K.S. 1952. The Montagnais Indians, 1600-1640. Kroeber Anthropological Society Papers 7: 1-62. 0400000 Leacock, E. 1969. The Montagnais-Naskapi Band. Bulletins of the National Museum of Canada 228: 1-20. 0012300 Lips, J.E. 1947. Naskapi Law. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, n.s., 37: 379-492.

91

HRAF: NJ05 SCCS#126 EA# 504 Na41 Micmac. P: mainland division.

G: 45øN, 63øW. T: 1650.

2110003 Denys, N. 1908. The Description and Natural History of the Coasts of North America, ed. W.F. Ganong. Publications of the Champlain Society 2: 399-452, 572-606. 1322001 Le Clercq, C. 1910. New Relation of Gaspesia, ed. W.F. Ganong. Publications of the Champlain Society 5: 1-452. 0231000 Wallis, W.D., and R.S. Wallis. 1955. The Micmac Indians of Eastern Canada. Minneapolis. 3400000 Bock, P.K. 1966. The Micmac Indians of Restigouche, Bulletins of the National Museum of Canada 213: 1-95. 4000000 Speck, F.G., and R.W. Dexter. 1951. Utilization of Animals and Plants by the Micmac Indians. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 41: 250-259. 0000003 Johnson, F. 1943. Notes on Micmac Shamanism. Primitive Man 16: 53-80.

92

HRAF: NG06 SCCS#127 EA# 496 Na33 N. Saulteaux. P: Berens River band.

G: 52øN, 96øW. T: 1930.

1211000 Dunning, R.W. 1959. Social and Economic Change Among the Northern Ojibwa. Toronto. 2300000 Hallowell, A.I. 1938. Notes on the Material Culture of the Island Lake Saulteaux. Journal de la Soci‚t‚ des Am‚ricanistes, n.s., 30: 128-140. 0122001 Hallowell, A.I. 1955. Culture and Experience. Philadelphia. 0000001 Hallowell, A.I. 1938. Fear and Anxiety as Cultural and Individual Variables in a Primitive Society. Journal of Social Psychology 9: 25-47. 0000001 Hallowell, A.I. 1939. Sin, Sex and Sickness in Saulteaux Belief. British Journal of Medical Psychology 18: 191-197. 0000001 Hallowell, A.I. 1940. Aggression in Saulteaux Society. Psychiatry 3: 395-407. 0000001 Hallowell, A.I. 1941. The Social Function of Anxiety in a Primitive Society. American Sociological Review 6: 869-881. 0000001 Hallowell, A.I. 1942. The Role of Conjuring in Saulteaux Society. Publications, Philadelphia Anthropological Society 2: 1-96. 0000001 Hallowell, A.I. 1963. Ojibwa World View and Disease. Man's Image in Medicine and Anthropology, ed. I. Goldstone, pp. 258-315. New York. 0033000 Skinner, A. 1912. Notes on the Eastern Cree and Northern Saulteaux. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 9: i, 1-177.

93

SCCS#128 EA# 466 Na17 Slave. P: Lynx Point band.

G: 62øN, 122øW. T: 1940. 1111003 Helm, J. 1961. The Lynx Point People. Bulletin of the National Museum of Canada 176: 1-193. 0000100 Helm, J., and E. Leacock. n.d. The Hunting Tribes of Subarctic Canada. Ms. 2022001 Honigmann, J.J. 1946. Ethnography and Acculturation of the Fort Nelson Slave. Yale University Publications in Anthropology, 33: 1-169. 0000001 MacNeish, June Helm. 1960. Leadership among the Northeastern Athapascans. Anthropologica 2: 131-163. 0000001 Mason, J.A. 1946. Notes on the Indians of the Great Slave Lake Area. Yale University Publications in Anthropology 34: 1-46.

HRAF: ND12 SCCS#129 EA# 170 Na4 Kaska. P: along the upper Liard River.

G: 60øN, 131øW. T: 1900.

1123001 Honigmann, J. J. 1954. The Kaska Indians. Yale University Publications in Anthropology, 51: 1-163. 2211001 Honigmann, J. J. 1949. Culture and Ethos of Kaska Society. Yale University Publications in Anthropology 40: 1-368. 0330013 Teit, J. A. 1956. Field Notes on the Tahltan and Kaska Indians, 1912-1915. Anthropologica 3: 39-171. 0002000 Underwood, F. W. and I. Honigmann. 1947. A Comparison of Socialization and Personality in Two Simple Societies. American Anthropologist 49: 557-77.

94

SCCS#130 EA# 270 Nb5 Eyak.

G: 60øN, 145øW. T: 1890. 1111000 Birket-Smith, K., and F. de Laguna. 1938. The Eyak Indians of the Copper River Delta, Alaska. Copenhagen.

SCCS#131 EA# 70 Nb1 Haida. P: town of Masset.

G: 54øN, 132ø30'W. T: 1875. 1111001 Murdock, G. P. 1934. Our Primitive Contemporaries, pp. 221-263. New York. 2322003 Murdock, G. P. 1934. Kinship and Social Behavior among the Haida. American Anthropologist 36: 355-385. 0000002 Murdock, G.P. 1936. Rank and Potlach among the Haida. Yale University Publications in Anthropology 13: 1-20. 0204001 Swanton, J. R. 1909. Contributions to the Ethnology of the Haida. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 8: 1-300. 0033002 Niblack, A. P. 1890. The Coastal Indians of Southern Alaska and Northern British Columbia. Annual Reports of the Board of Regents, Smithsonian Institution for the year ending June 30, 1888, pp. 225-386.

HRAF: NE06 SCCS#132 EA# 471 Nb9 Bellacoola.

G: 52ø20'N, 126ø30'W. T: 1880.

1111001 McIlwraith, T.F. 1948. The Bella Coola Indians. 2 vols. Toronto. 0022003 Smith, H.I. 1925. Sympathetic Magic and Witchcraft Among the Bellacoola. American Anthropologist 27: 116-121. 0033002 Drucker, P. 1950. Northwest Coast. Anthropological Records 9: 157-294. 0000001 Boas, F. 1891. The Bilqula. Report, British Association for the Advancement of Science 61: 408-424.

95

SCCS#133 EA# 71 Nb2 Twana.

G: 47ø25'N, 123ø15'W. T: 1860. 1111001 Elmendorf, W. W. 1960. The Structure of Twana Culture. Washington State University Research Studies, Monographic Supplement 2: 1-576. 0202001 Eells, M. 1877. Twana Indians of the Skokomish Reservation. Bulletins of the U.S. Geographical and Geological survey of the Territories 3: 57-114.

HRAF: NS31 SCCS#134 EA# 172 Nb4 Yurok. P: village of Tsurai.

G: 41ø30'N, 124øW. T: 1850.

0124001 Kroeber, A. L. 1925. Handbook of the Indians of California. Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology 78: 1-97. 2233000 Kroeber, A. L. 1960. Comparative Notes on the Structure of Yurok Culture. Washington State University Research Studies, Monographic Supplement 2: 1-576. 1400002 Heizer, R. F., and J. E. Mills. 1952. The Four Ages of Tsurai. Berkeley. 0312000 Loeffelholz, K. von, ed. 1893. Die Zoreisch-Indianer der Trinidad-Bai. Mitteilungen der Anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien 23: 101-123. 0041001 Erickson, E. H. 1943. Observations on the Yurok: Childhood and World Image. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 25: 257-302. 0500003 Waterman, T. T., and A. L. Kroeber. 1934. Yurok Marriages. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 35: 1-14.

96

HRAF: NS18 SCCS#135 EA# 533 Nc18 Eastern Pomo. P: village of Cignon, Clear

Lake.

G: 39øN, 123øW. T: 1850. 1211001 Loeb, E.M. 1926. Pomo Folkways. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 19: 149- 405. 2123003 Gifford, E.W. 1926. Clear Lake Pomo Society. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 18: 287-390. 0002100 Aginsky, B.W., and E.G. Aginsky. 1967. Deep Valley. N.Y. 0000213 Gifford, E.W., and A.L. Kroeber. 1937. Culture Element Distributions IV: Pomo. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 37: 117- 254. 0000300 Barrett, S.A. 1908. The Ethno-geography of the Pomo and Neighboring Indians. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 6: 1-332. 0300000 Barrett, S.A. 1917. Ceremonies of the Pomo Indians. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 12: 397-441. 0400000 Barrett, S.A. 1916. Pomo Buildings. Holmes Anniversary Volume, pp. 1-17. Washington. 0000002 Barrett, S.A. 1952. Material Aspects of Pomo Culture. Bulletin, Public Museum of the City of Milwaukee 20: 1-508. 0030000 Kroeber, A.L. 1953. Handbook of Indians of California. Berkeley. 0000001 Freeland, L.S. 1923. Pomo Doctors and Poisoners. Uniersity of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 20: 57-73.

97

HRAF: NS29 SCCS#136 EA# 539 Nc24 Lake Yokuts. P: Tulare lake.

G: 35ø10'N, 119ø20'W. T: 1850.

1112000 Gayton, A.H. 1948. Yokuts and Western Mono Ethnography. Anthropological Records 10: 1-301. 2000100 Gayton, A.H. 1936. Estudillo Among the Yokuts. Essays in Anthropology presented to A.L. Kroeber, ed. R.H. Lowie, pp. 67-85. Berkeley. 0421000 Latta, F.F. 1949. Handbook of Yokuts Indians. Oildale. 3200000 Kroeber, A.L. 1925. Handbook of the Indians of California. Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology 78: 474-543. 0300000 Beals, R.L. and J.A. Hester. 1958. A Lacustrine Economy in California, Miscellanea Paul Rivet Octogenario Dictata 1: 211-217. Mexico. 0000200 Cook, S.F. 1955. The Aboriginal Population of the San Joaquin Valley. Anthropological Records 16: 31-81. 0000300 Powers, S. 1877. Tribes of California. Contributions to North American Ethnology 3: 369-392.

HRAF: NR13 SCCS#137 EA# 564 Nd22 Paiute. P: Wadadika of Harney Valley.

G: 43ø30'N, 119øW. T: 1870.

1111001 Whiting, B.B. 1950. Paiute Sorcery. Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology, 15: 1-110. 2202001 Stewart, O.C. 1941. Northern Paiute. Anthropological Records 4: 361-446. 0000003 Stewart, O.C. 1937. Northern Paiute Bands. Anthropological Records 2: 127-149.

98

SCCS#138 EA# 523 Nc8 Klamath.

G: 42ø40'N, 121ø50'W. T: 1860. 1122001 Spier, L. 1930. Klamath Ethnography. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 30: 1-338. 0011003 Pearsall, M. 1950. Klamath Childhood and Education. Anthropological Records 9: 339-353. 0244013 Stern, T. 1965. The Klamath Tribe. Seattle. 0333023 Voegelin, E.W. 1942. Northeast California. Anthropological Records 7: 47-251. 0400001 Gatschet, A.S. 1890. The Klamath Indians of Southwestern Oregon. U.S. Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region, Contributions to North American Ethnology 2. 2v. Washington.

SCCS#139 EA# 380 Nd7 Kutenai. P: lower or eastern branch.

G: 49øN, 116ø40'W. T: 1890. 2111001 Turney-High, H. H. 1941. Ethnography of the Kutenai. Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association, 56: 1-202. 1222003 Chamberlain, A. F. 1892. Report on the Kootenay Indians of South-Eastern British Columbia. Reports of the British Association for the Advancement of Sciences 62: 539-617. 0003011 Ray, V. F. 1942. Plateau. Anthropological Records 8: 99-262. 0000003 Boas, F. 1918. Kutenai Tales. Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology 59: 1-387.

99

HRAF: NQ13 SCCS#140 EA# 75 Ne1 Gros Ventre.

G: 48øN, 108øW. T: 1880.

1111000 Flannery, R. 1953. The Gros Ventres of Montana. Catholic University of America Anthropological Series 15: 1-221. 2303000 Kroeber, A. L. 1908. Ethnology of the Gros Ventre. Anthropological Papers of the Museum of Natural History 1: 141-281. 0222000 Cooper, J. M. 1956. The Gros Ventre of Montana: Religion and Ritual. Catholic University of America Anthropological Series 16: 1-491.

SCCS#141 EA# 622 Ne15 Hidatsa.

G: 47øN, 101øW. T: 1836. 1111000 Bowers, A.W. 1965. Hidatsa Social and Ceremonial Organization. Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology 194: 1-528. 2244000 Matthews, W. 1877. Ethnography and Philology of the Hidatsa Indians. U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey Miscellaneous Publication 7: 1-239. 0022000 Curtis, E.S. 1909. The North American Indian 4: 129-172, 180-196. 0033000 Wied-Neuwied, M.zu. 1906. Travels in the Interior of North America. Early Western Travels, ed. R.G. Thwaites 22: 357-366; 23: 252-385. 3000000 Wilson, G.L. 1917. Agriculture of the Hidatsa Indians. University of Minnesota Studies in the Social Sciences 4: 1-129.

100

HRAF: NQ18 SCCS#142 EA# 342 Nf6 Pawnee. P: Skidi band.

G: 42øN, 100øW. T: 1867.

1121001 Weltfish, G. 1965. The Lost Universe. New York. 0212003 Dorsey, G. A., and J. R. Murie. 1940. Notes on Skidi Pawnee Society. Field Museum of Natural History Anthropological Series, 27: 67-119. 0000003 Dorsey, G.A. 1904. Traditions of the Skidi Pawnee. Memoirs of the American Folk-Lore Society 8: 1-366. 0000002 Lounsbury, F.G. 1956. A Semantic Analysis of the Pawnee Kinship Usage. Language 32: 158-194.

HRAF: NQ12 SCCS#143 EA# 179 Nf3 Omaha. P: tribe.

G: 41ø25'N, 96ø31'W. T: 1860.

1111001 Fletcher, A. C. and F. La Flesche. 1911. The Omaha Tribe. Annual Reports of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 27: 17-672. 0222013 Dorsey, J. O. 1884. Omaha Sociology. Annual Reports of the Bureau of American Ethnology 3: 205-320. 2003003 Mead, M. 1932. The Changing Culture of an Indian Tribe. Columbia University Contributions to Anthropology 15: 1-313. 0000003 Fortune, R.F. 1932. Omaha Secret Societies. Columbia University Contributions to Anthropology 14: 1-193.

SCCS#144 EA# 79 Ng1 Huron. P: Attignawantan and Attigneenongnahac or Bear and Cord subtribes.

G: 44ø30'N, 79øW. T: 1634

0111001 Trigger, B. G. 1969. The Huron. New York. 1222001 Tooker, E. 1964. An Ethnography of the Huron Indians, 1615-1649. Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology 190: 1-183. 2300001 Kinietz, W. V. 1940. The Indians of the Western Great Lakes, 1615-1760. Occasional Contributions from the Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan 10: 1-427.

101

HRAF: NN11 SCCS#145 EA# 180 Ng3 Creek. P: Upper division.

G: 34øN, 86øW. T: 1800.

2112000 Swanton, J. R. 1928. Social Organization and Social Usages of the Indians of the Creek Confederacy. Annual Reports of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 42: 23-472, 859-900. 1321000 Swanton, J. R. 1946. The Indians of the Southeastern United States. Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology 137: 1-943. 0000020 Swanton, J. R. 1928. Religious Beliefs and Medical Practices of the Creek Indians. Annual Reports of the Bureau of American Ethnology 42: 473-672. 0000010 Bartram, W. 1953. Observations on the Creek and Cherokee Indians. Transactions of the American Ethnological Society 3: 1-81. 0200000 Murdock, G. P. 1956. Political Moieties. The State of the Social Sciences, ed. L. D. White, pp. 133-147. Chicago. 0003000 Speck, F. G. 1907. The Creek Indians of Taskigi Town. Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 2: 99-164.

SCCS#146 EA# 385 Ng7 Natchez.

G: 31ø30'N, 91ø25'W. T: 1718. 1111000 Swanton, J. R. 1911. Indian Tribes of the Lower Mississippi Valley. Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology 43: 1-387. 0000100 MacLeod, William C. 1924. Natchez Political Evolution. American Anthropologist 26: 201-229. 0000000 Douglas R. White, G. P. Murdock, and R. Scaglion. 1971. Natchez Class and Rank Reconsidered. Ethnology 10: 369-88.

102

HRAF: NO06 SCCS#147 EA# 177 Ne3 Comanche.

G: 34øN, 100øW. T: 1870.

1100001 Hoebel, E. A. 1940. The Political Organization and Law-Ways of the Comanche Indians. Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 54: 1-149. 2211001 Wallace, E. and E. A. Hoebel. 1952. The Comanches. Norman. 0022002 Gladwin, T. 1948. Comanche Kin Behavior. American Anthropologist 50: 73-94. 0000010 Lee, N. 1957. Three Years Among the Comanches. Norman. 0000020 Rister, C. C. 1955. Comanche Bondage. Glendale.

HRAF: NT08 SCCS#148 EA# 81 Nh1 Chiricahua Apache. P: Central band.

G: 32øN, 109ø30'W. T: 1870.

1111001 Opler, M. E. 1941. An Apache Life-Way. Chicago. 0202103 Opler, M. E. 1937 (Second Edition 1955). An Outline of Chiricahua Apache Social Organization. Social Anthropology of North American Tribes, ed. F. Eggan, pp. 173-242. Chicago. 0000001 Opler, M.E. 1936. Some Points of Comparison and Contrast between the Treatment of Functional Disorders by Apache Shamans and Modern Psychiatric Practice. American Journal of Psychiatry 92: 1371-1387. 0020000 Opler, M. E. 1971. Personal communication. 0003000 Opler, M. E. 1936. An Interpretation of Ambivalence of Two American Indian Tribes. Journal of Social Psychology 7: 82-116. 0000003 Gifford, E.W. 1940. Apache-Pueblo. Anthropological Records 4: 1-207.

103

HRAF: NT23 SCCS#149 EA# 183 Nh4 Zuni.

G: 35ø40'N, 108ø45'W. T: 1880.

1140001 Stevenson, M. C. 1904. The Zuni Indians. Annual Reports of the Bureau of American Ethnology 23: 1-634. 0000030 Stevenson, M. C. 1909. Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians. Annual Reports of the Bureau of American Ethnology 30: 31- 102. 0211011 Leighton, D. C. and J. Adair. 1966. People of the Middle Place: A Study of the Zuni Indians. New Haven. 0300000 Kroeber, A. L. 1917. Zuni Kin and Clan. Anthropological Papers of the Museum of Natural History 18: ii, 39-204. 0650023 Roberts, J. M. 1956. Zuni Daily Life. New Haven University of Nebraska Laboratory of Anthropology Monographs, Note Book 3: i, 1-23. Lincoln. 0002000 Roberts, J.M. n.d. Personal communication. 0000103 Eggan, F. 1950. Social Organization of the Western Pueblos. Chicago. 0400000 Bunzel, R. 1930. Zuni Katcinas. Annual Reports of the Bureau of American Ethnology 47: 837-1086. 0500001 Bunzel, R. 1932. Introduction to Zuni Ceremonialism. Annual Reports of the Bureau of American Ethnology 47: i, 467-544. Washington. 2000000 Cushing, F. H. 1920. Zuni Breadstuffs. Indian Notes and Monographs 8: 1-673. 0000003 Smith, W., J.M. Roberts. 1954. Zuni Law. Papers of the Peabody Museum, Harvard University 43: 1-185. 0020000 Gifford, E.W. 1940. Apache-Pueblo. Anthropological Records 4: 1-207. 0030000 Benedict, R. 1934. Patterns of Culture, pp. 57-129. Boston. 0060000 Parsons, E. C. 1919. Mothers and Children at Zuni, New Mexico. Man 19: 168-173 (Article 86).

104

HRAF: NT14 SCCS#150 EA# 175 Nd3 Havasupai.

G: 35ø50'N, 112øW. T: 1918.

1112001 Spier, L. 1928. Havasupai Ethnography. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 29: 81-408. 0000010 Works Projects Administration, Writers Program. 1940. The Havasupai and the Huyalapai. Arizona State Teachers College Bulletin 21: v, 1-18. 0001003 Smithson, C. L. 1959. the Havasupai Woman. Department of Anthropology. University of Utah,. Anthropological Papers 38: 1-170. 0003000 Iliff, F. G. 1954. People of the Blue Water. New York. 0004000 James, G. W. 1903. The Indians of the Painted Desert Region. Boston. 0000003 Cushing, F.H. 1882. The Nation of the Willows. Atlantic Monthly 50: 362-374, 541-559.

HRAF: NU28 SCCS#151 EA# 184 Ni2 Papago. P: Archie division.

G: 32øN, 112øW. T: 1910.

1121100 Underhill, R. M. 1939. Social Organization of the Papago Indians. Columbia University Contributions in Andhropology 30: 1-280. 2213000 Underhill, R. M. 1936. The Autobiography of a Papago Woman. Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 46: 1-64. 0032000 Joseph. A., R. B. Spicer, and J. Chesky. 1949. The Desert People. Chicago. 3344000 Lumholtz, C. 1912. New Trails in Mexico. New York. 4000000 Castetter, E. F. and W. H. Bell. 1942. Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture. University of New Mexico Inter-American Studies 1: 1-245. Albuquerque.

105

SCCS#152 EA# 282 Ni3 Huichol.

G: 22øN, 105øW. T: 1890. 1111000 Zingg, R. M. 1938. The Huichols: Primitive Artists. University of Denver Contributions to Anthropology 1: 1-826. 3222000 Lumholtz, C. 1902. Unknown Mexico. 2v. New York. 2400000 Lumholtz, C. 1898. The Huichol Indians. Bulletins of the American Museum of Natural History 5: x, 1-14. 0333010 Klineberg, O. 1934. Notes on the Huichol. American Anthropologist 36: 446-460. 0044000 Grimes, J. E., and B. F. Grimes. 1962. Semantic Distinctions in Huichol (Uto-Aztecan) Kinship. American Anthropologist 64: 104-114. 0044000 Grimes, J.E. and T.B. Hinton. 1969. The Huichol and Cora. Handbook of Middle American Indians, ed. R. Wauchope, 7 ii, 792-813. Austin.

HRAF: NU07 SCCS#153 EA# 185 Nj2 Aztec. P: city and environs of Tenochititlan.

G: 19øN, 99ø10'W. T: 1520.

2133001 Soustelle, J. 1961. Daily Life of the Aztecs. New York. 1040003 Vaillant, G. C. 1941. Aztecs of Mexico. New York. 0324001 Sahagun, B. de. 1950-57. Florentine Codex: General History of the Things of New Spain. Translated from the original Aztec by A.J.O. Anderson and C. F. Dibble. Monographs of the School of American Research 14: pts. 2,3,4,8,9,13,14. Santa Fe. 0255000 Murdock, G. P. 1934. Our Primitive Contemporaries, pp. 359-402. New York. 0011000 Holtker, G. 1930. Die Familie bei den Azteken in Altemexiko. Anthropos 25: 465-526. 0002000 Seler-Sachs, C. 1919. Frauenleben im Reiche der Aztken. Berlin. 0000100 Prescott, W. H. 1922. The Conquest of Mexico, 2v. New York. 0000003 Thompson, J.R. 1933. Mexico before Cortez. New York.

SCCS#154 EA# 284 Nj3 Popoluca. P: town and environs of Soteapan.

106

G: 18ø15'N, 94ø50'W. T: 1940.

2123003 Foster, G. M. 1942. A Primitive Mexican Economy. Monographs of the American Ethnological Society 5: 1-115. 1211001 Foster, G. M. 1940. Notes on the Popoluca of Veracruz. Publicaciones del Instituto Panamericano de Geografia e Historia 51: 1-41. 0302001 Foster, G.M. 1945. Sierra Popoluca Folklore and Beliefs. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 42: 177-250. 3000000 Foster, G. M. 1943. The Geographical, and Linguistic, and Cultural Position of the Popoluca of Veracruz. American Anthropologist 45: 531-546.

SCCS#155 EA#1166 Sa13 Quiche. P: town of Chichicastenango.

G: 15øN, 91øW. T: 1930. 1111001 Bunzel, R. 1952. Chichicastenanago. Publications of the American Ethnological Society 22: 1-438. 0222011 Schultze-Jena, L. 1933. Indiana I: Leben, Glaube und Sprache der Quiche von Guatemala. Jena.

SCCS#156 EA# 390 Sa9 Miskito. P: village near Cape Gracias a Dios.

G: 15øN, 83øW. T: 1921.

1111001 Conzemius, E. 1932. Ethnographic Survey of the Miskito and SA15= Sumu Indians of Honduras and Nicaragua. Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology 106: 1-191. 0222011 Helms, M. W. 1971. Asang. Gainesville. SA15= 0000102 Helms, M.W. 1969. The Cultural Ecology of a Colonial SA15= Tribe. Ethnology 8: 76-84. 0300000 Kirchoff, Paul. 1948. The Caribbean Lowland Tribes: The Mosquito, Sumo, Paya, and Jicaque. Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology. Bulletin No. 143, 4: 219-229. Washington, Smithsonian Institution. 0400003 Pijoan, Michel. 1946. The Health and Customs of the Miskito Indians of North Nicaragua: Interrelationships in a Medical Program. Mexico, Instituto Indigena Interamericano.

107

HRAF: SA19 SCCS#157 EA# 287 Sa5 Bribri (Talamanca).

G: 9øN, 83ø15'W. T: 1917.

1111000 Stone, D. 1962. The Talamancan Tribes of Costa Rica. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University 43: ii, 1-108. 2333000 Skinner, A. 1920. Notes on the Bribri of Costa Rica. Indian Notes and Monographs 6 (3): 37-106. 0220000 Gabb, W. M. 1876. On the Tribes and Languages of Costa Rica. Proceedings of the American Philosophic Society 14: 483-602. 3000000 Johnson, F. 1948. The Caribbean Lowland Tribes: The Talamancan Division. Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology 143: iv, 231-251. 0002000 Pittier de Fabrega, H. 1938. Apuntaciones etnologicas sobre los indios Bribri. Museo Nacional, Series Etnologica 1: pt. 1. San Jos‚.

108

HRAF: SB05 SCCS#158 EA# 85 Sa1. Cuna (Tule). P: San Blas Archepelagos.

G: 9ø15'N, 78ø30'W. T: 1927.

2111001 Stout, D. C. 1947. San Blas Cuna Acculturation. Viking Fund Publications in Anthropology, 9: 1-124. 1222001 Nordenskiold, E. 1938. An Historical and Ethnological Survey of the Cuna Indians, ed. H. Wassen. Comparative Ethnographic Studies 10: 1-686. Goteborg. 0000010 De Puydt, L. 1868. Account of Scientific Explorations in the Isthmus of Darien in the Years 1861 and 1865. Journal of the Royal Geographic Society 38: 69-110. 0033022 Krieger, H. W. 1926. Material Culture of the People of Southeastern Panama. Bulletins of the United States National Museum 134: 1-133. 0000031 Wafer, L. 1934. A New Voyage and Description of the Isthmus of America, ed. L.E.E. Joyce. Hakluyt Society, ser. 2, 73: 1-220. Oxford. 3000000 Holmer, N. M. 1951. Cuna Chrestomathy. Etnologiska Studier 18: 1-191. 0000100 Holloman, R. 1969. Acculturation and the Cuna. Field Museum of Natural History Bulletin 40: 7, 4-9.

109

HRAF: SC13 SCCS#159 EA# 391 Sb6 Goajiro.

G: 12øN, 71ø45'W. T: 1947

1111001 Guti‚rrez de Pineda, V. 1948. Organizacion social en la Guajira. Revista del Instituto Etnologico Nacional 3: ii, 1-255. Bogota. 2322003 Bolinder, G. 1957. Verwandtschaftssystem der Goajiro. Zeits. Ethn. 82: 164-168. (English translation: 1957. Indians on Horseback. London.) 3233000 Armstrong, J. M., and A. M‚traux. 1948. The Goajiro. Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology 143: iv, 360-383. 0000100 Santa Cruz, A. 1960. Acquiring Status in Goajiro Society. Anthropological Quarterly 33: 115-127. 0000000 Santa Cruz, A. 1941. Aspects of the Avunculate in Guajiro Culture. Primitive Man 14: 1-13. 4000003 Simons, F.A.A. 1885. An Exploration of the Goajira Peninsula. Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society, n.s., 7: 781-796. 0400001 Pineda Giraldo, R. 1950. Aspectos de la magia en la Goajira. Revista del Instituto Etnologico Nacional 3: i, 1-164. Bogota. 0000003 Wilbert, J. 1962. Literatura oral y creencias de los Indios Goajiro. Caracas. 0000000 $ Watson, L. 1973. Marriage and Sexual Adjustment in Goajiro Society. Ethnology 12: 153-62.

110

HRAF: SV03 SCCS#160 EA#1237 Sb9 Haitians. P: Town of Mirebalais.

G: 18ø50'N, 72ø10'W. T: 1935.

1111001 Herskovits, M. J. 1937. Life in a Haitian Valley. New York. 0230002 Bastien, R‚my. 1951. La familia rural haitiana, Valle de Marbial. Tesis. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de M‚xico. 2000000 Simpson, G. E. 1940. Haitian Peasant Economy. Journal of Negro History 25: 498-519. 0000300 Simpson, G.E. 1943. Sexual and Familial Institutions in Northern Haiti. American Anthropologist 44: 655-674. 0320000 Romain, J. B. 1955. Quelques moeurs et coutumes des paysans haitians. These de Doctoral (typescript). Paris. 3000000 Underwood, F. W. 1960. A Survey of Haitian Markets. Yale University Publications in Anthropology 60: 3-33. 0002000 Underwood, F.W., and I.W. Honigmann. 1947. A Comparison of Socialization and Personality in Two Simple Societies. American Anthropologist, 49: 557-577. 4005003 Leyburn, J. G. 1941. The Haitian People. New Haven. 5000000 Mintz, S. W. 1963. The Employment of Capital by Market Women in Haiti. Capital, Saving and Credit in Peasant Societies, ed. R. Firth and B. S. Yamey, pp. 256-286. Chicago. 0004001 M‚traux, A. 1960. Haiti Black Peasants and Their Religion. Neuchatel. 0000030 M‚traux, A. 1959. Voodoo in Haiti. New York. 0003000 Rawson, I. n.d. Personal communication. 0000020 Courlander, H. 1960. The Drum and the Hoe: Life and Lore of the Haitian People. Berkeley and Los Angeles.

111

HRAF: ST13 SCCS#161 EA# 87 Sb1 Callinago. P: Dominica island.

G: 15ø30'N, 60ø30'W. T: 1650.

0111000 Breton, R. 1665. Observations of the Island Carib. Auxerre. 2222000 Breton, R., and A. de la Paix. 1929. Relation de l'ile de la Guadeloup, ed. J. Rennard. Histoire Coloniale 1: 45-74. Paris. 0333010 Du Tertre, J. B. 1667. Histoire g‚n‚rale des Antilles habit‚es par les Francois, v. 2, 2d edit. Paris. 1555000 Rouse, I. 1948. The Carib. Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology 143: iv, 547-565. 0444030 Taylor, D. 1946. Kinship and Social Structure of the Island Carib. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 2: 180-212. 3000000 Taylor, D. 1938. The Caribs of Dominica. Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology 119: 103-159. 4000000 Taylor, D. 1949. The Interpretation of Some Documentary Evidence on Carib Culture. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 5: 379-392. 0066020 Hodge, W. H. and D. M. Taylor. 1957. The Ethnobotany of the Island Caribs of Dominica. Webbia 12: ii, 513-644. Firenze. 5000000 Bouton, J. 1640. Relation de l'establissement des Francois depuis l'an 1635 en l'isle de Martinique. Paris.

112

HRAF: SS18 SCCS#162 EA# 88 Sc1 Warrau. P: Winikina of Orinoco delta.

G: 9ø10'N, 62øW. 1935.

1111001 Turrado Moreno, A. 1945. Etnographia de los Indios Guaranos. Caracas. 2244001 Wilbert, J. 1958. Die soziale und politische Organisation der Warrau. Kolner Zeitschrift fur Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, n.s., 10: 272-291. 3000001 Wilbert, J. 1964. Warao Oral Literature. Caracas. 0033003 Suarez, M. M. 1968. Los Warao. Caracas. 4000000 Kirchhoff, P. 1948. The Warrau. Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology 143: iii, 869-881. 0322000 Hill, G. W. et al. 1956. Los Guarao del delta Amacuro. Caracas.

H: SCCS#163 EA#1264 Sd9 Yanomamo. P: Shamatari tribe.

G: 2ø30'N, 65øW. T: 1965.

1111000 Chagnon, N.A. 1968. Yanomamo: The Fierce People. New York. 2000000 Chagnon, N.A. 1968. Personal Fierceness and Headmen in Yanomamo Disputes. Ms. 3000000 Chagnon, N.A. 1967. Yanomamo Social Organization and Warfare. Ms.

HRAF: SR09 SCCS#164 EA# 189 Sc3 Carib. P: Barama River.

G: 7ø25'N, 60øW. T: 1932.

1111000 Gillin, J. P. 1936. The Barama River Carib of British Guiana. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archeology and Ethnology, Harvard University 14: ii, 1-274. 2020000 Gillin, J. P. 1948. Tribes of the Guianas. Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology 143: iii, 799-860. 0002000 Gillin, J. P. n.d. Personal communication. 0033010 Roth, W. E. 1924. An Introductory Study of the Arts, Crafts and Customs of the Guiana Indians. Annual Reports of the Bureau of American Ethnology 38: 25-720.

113

HRAF: SR08 SCCS#165 EA# 392 Sc6 Saramacca. P: on upper Suriname River.

G: 3ø30'N, 55ø45'W. T: 1932.

0101001 Price, R. 1975. Saramaka Social Structure. Caribbean Monograph Series 12: 1-181. University of Puerto Rico. 0322000 Herskovits, M. J., and F. S. Herskovits. 1934. Rebel Destiny. New York. 1010000 Kahn, M. C. 1931. Djuka: The Bush Negroes of Dutch Guiana. New York. [unreliable] 0000010 Hurault, J. 1959. Etude d‚mographique compar‚e des Indiens Oayana et des noirs refugi‚s Boni de Haut-Mnaroni. Population 14: 509-534. 0203002 Neumann, P. 1967. Wirtschaft und materielle Kultur der Buschneger Surinames. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Staatlichen Museums fur Volkerkunde zu Dresden 26: 1-181.

HRAF: SQ13 SCCS#166 EA# 90 Sd1 Mundurucu. P: village of Cabrua.

G: 7øS, 57øW. T: 1850 (Study 7: 1950).

1111001 Murphy, R. F. 1960. Headhunter's Heritage. Berkeley. 2300002 Murphy, R. F. 1956. Matrilocality and Patrilineality in Mundurucu Society. American Anthropologist 58: 414-434. 0200001 Murphy, R. F. 1958. Mundurucu Religion. University of Calififornia Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology, 49: 1-250. 0404000 Murphy, R.F. 1957. Intergroup Hostility and Social Cohesion. American Anthropologist 59: 1018-1035. 0000010 Frikel, P. 1959. Agricultura dos Indios Munduruku. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi n.s., Anthropologia 4: 1-35. 0000020 Kruse, A. 1937. Mundurucu Moieties. Primitive Man 7: 51-57. 0022000 Tocantins, Antonio Manuel. 1877. Studies on the Mundurucu Tribe. Quarterly Review of the Historical, Geographical, and Ethnographic Institute of Brazil. R. L. Garnier. Rio de Janeiro. 0033000 Martius, C.F.P. von. 1863-67. Beitrage zur Ethnographie und Sprachenkunde Amerika's, zumal Brasiliens, 2v. Leipzig.

114

SCCS#167 EA# 293 Se5 Cubeo (Tucano). P: village on the Caduiari River.

G: 1ø25', 70ø30'W. T: 1939.

1111001 Goldman, I. 1963. The Cubeo Indians. Illinois Studies in Anthropology 2: 1-305. 0002010 Goldman, I. 1948. Tribes of the Uaup‚s-Caqueta Region. Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology 143: iii, 763-798.

HRAF: SD06 SCCS#168 EA# 194 Sf3 Cayapa. P: Rio Cayapas drainage.

G: 1øN, 19øW. T: 1908.

1111000 Barrett, S. A. 1925. The Cayapa Indians of Ecuador. Indian Notes and Monographs 40: 1-476. 2222000 Altschuler, M. 1965. The Cayapa. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Minnesota. 0000000 $ Altschuler, M. 1971. Cayapa Personality and Sexual Motivation. Human Sexual Behavior. ed. D.S. Marshall and R.C. Suggs, pp. 38-58. Princeton. 0000000 Altschuler, M. 1965. Notes on Cayapa Kinship. Ethnology 4: 440-447. 0000010 Murra, J. 1948. The Cayapa and Colorado. Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology 143: iv, 277-291. 0300000 Heimann, M. 1932. Die Cayapa Indianer. Zeitschrift fur Ethnologie, 63: 281-287.

115

HRAF: SD09 SCCS#169 EA# 191 Se3 Jivaro.

G: 3øS, 78øW. T: 1920.

1111001 Karsten, R. 1935. The Head-Hunters of Western Amazonas. Societas Scientiarum Fennica, Commentationes Humanarum Litterarum 7: 1-588. Helsingfors. 0233003 Stirling, M. W. 1938. Historical and Ethnographical Material on the Jivaro Indians. Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology 117: 1-148. 0322001 Harner, M. J. 1960. Machetes, Shotguns, and Society: An Inquiry into the Social Impact of Technological Change among the Jivaro Indians. Ph.D. dissertation, University of California at Berkeley. 0004000 Harner, M.J. 1962. Jivaro Souls. American Anthropologist, 64: 258-272. 0400003 Rivet, P. 1907-08. Les Indiens Jibaros. L'Anthropologie 18: 333-368, 583-618; 19: 68-87, 235-259. 0000010 Up de Graff, F. W. 1923. Head Hunters of the Amazon. New York.

116

SCCS#170 EA# 634 Se8 Amahuaca. P: on upper Inuya River.

G: 10ø20'S, 72ø15'W . T: 1960. 0111001 Huxley, M. anc C. Capa. 1964. Farewell to Eden. N.Y. 1000000 Carneiro, R.L. 1964. Shifting Cultivation Among the Amahuaca. Niedersachsisches Landesmuseum, Volkerkundliche Abhandlungen 1: 9-18. Hannover. 2200003 Carneiro, R.L. 1962. The Amahuaca Indians. Explorers Journal 40: iv, 28-37. 3302000 Carneiro, R.L. 1968. Hunting and Hunting Magic Among the Amahuaca. Ms. 0000001 Carneiro, R.L. 1964. The Amahuaca and the Spirit World. Ethnology 3: 6-11. 0404000 Dole, G.E. 1962. Endocannibalism Among the Amahuaca Indians. Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, ser. 2, 24: 567-573. 0020003 Tessmann, G. 1930. Die Indianer Nordost-Perus. Hamburg. 0004000 Dole, G.E. 1961. The Influence of Population Density on the Development of Social Organization Among the Amahuaca of East Peru. Paper presented at American Anthropological Association meeting, Philadelphia.

117

HRAF: SE13 SCCS#171 EA# 93 Sf1 Inca. P: city and environs of Cuzco.

G: 13ø30'S, 72øW. T: 1530.

1121001 Rowe, J. H. 1946. Inca Culture at the Time of the Spanish Conquest. Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology 143: ii, 183-330. 0000010 Metraux, A. 19??. History of the Incas. New York. 0000100 Brundage, B. C. 1963. Empire of the Inca. Norman. 0000020 Molima, C. de. 1915. Relacion de las fabulas y ritos de los Inca, ed. T. Thayer Ojeda. Revista Chilena de Historia y Geografia 5: 117-190. 2000000 Cieza de Leon, P. de. 1554. Parte primera de la cronica del Peru. Antwerp. 3213000 Cobo, B. 1890-95. Historia del Nuevo Mundo. 4v. Seville. 0300001 Mason, J. A. 1957. The Ancient Civilizations of Peru. London. 0002000 Baudin, L. 1962. Daily Life in Peru. New York. 0440003 Murdock, G. P. 1934. Our Primitive Contemporaries. pp. 403-450. New York. 0000003 Means, P.A. 1931. Ancient Civilizations of the Andes, New York. 0030000 Baudin, L. 1961. A Socialist Empire: The Incas of Peru. New York.

118

HRAF: SF05 SCCS#172 EA# 193 Sf2 Aymara. P: an ayllu near Chucuito.

G: 16øOS, 70øW. T: 1940.

1122001 Tschopik, H., Jr. 1951. The Aymara of Chucuito, Peru. Anthropological Papers of the Museum of Natural History 44: 137-308. 2211001 Tschopik, H., Jr. 1946. The Aymara. Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology 143: ii, 501-573. 0330003 LaBarre, W. 1948. The Aymara Indians of the Lake Titicaca Plateau, Bolivia. Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association, 68: 1-250. 0003000 Bouroncle Carreon, A. 1964. Contribucion al estudio de los Aymaras. America Indigena 24: 129-169, 233-269.

HRAF: SF21 SCCS#173 EA# 91 Se1 Siriono. P: near the Rio Blanco.

G: 14ø30'S, 63øW. T: 1942.

1111001 Holmberg, A. R. 1950. Nomads of the Long Bow. Publications of the Institute of Social Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution 10: 1-104.

119

HRAF: SP17 SCCS#174 EA# 198 Si4 Nambicuara. P: Cocozu group.

G: 13øS, 59øW. T: 1940.

2111000 L‚vi-Strauss, C. 1948. La vie familiale et sociale des Indiens Nambikwara. Journal de la Soci‚t‚ des Am‚ricanistes 37: 1-131. Paris. 1000000 L‚vi-Strauss, C. 1948. The Nambicuara. Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology 143: iii, 361-369. 0200000 L‚vi-Strauss, C. 1955. Tristes tropiques. pp. 235-310. Paris. 0300000 L‚vi-Strauss, C. 1944. The Social and Psychological Aspects of Chieftainship in a Primitive Tribe. Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences, ser. 2, 7: 1642. 0422010 Oberg, K. 1953. Indian Tribes of Northern Matto Grosso. Publications of the Institute of Social Anthropology, Smithsonian Institution 15: 82-105. 0000020 Roquette-Pinto, E. 1935. Rondonia. ed. Edit. Brasiliana 39: 1-401.

HRAF: SP23 SCCS#175 EA# 98 Si2 Trumai.

G: 11ø50'S, 53ø40'W. T: 1938.

1111000 Murphy, R. F., and B. Quain. 1955. The Trumai Indians of Central Brazil. Monographs of the American Ethnological Society 24: 1-108. 0000010 Levi-Strauss, C. 1948. Tribes of the Upper Xingu River. Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology 143: iii, 321-348.

120

HRAF: SO08 SCCS#176 EA# 200 Sj4 Timbira. P: Ramcocamecra or Canella subtribe.

G: 6ø30'S, 45ø30'W. T: 1915.

1111001 Nimuendaju, C. 1946. The Eastern Timbira. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 41: 1-357. 0032010 Arnaud, E. 1964. Noticia sobre los Indios Gavioes de Oeste. Antropologia 20. 0000023 Kissenberth, W. 1912. Bei den Canella-Indianern in Zentral Maranhas. Baessler-Archiv 2: 45-54. 0003000 Lowie, R.H. 1946. The Northwestern and Central Ge. Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology 143: i, 477-517. 0020003 Snethlage, E. H. 1930. Unter nordostbrasilianischen Indianern. Zeitschrift fur Ethnologie 62: 111-205. 0000003 Crocker, W.H. 1961. The Canela since Nimuendaji. Anthropological Quarterly 23: 69-84.

121

HRAF: SO09 SCCS#177 EA# 400 Sj8 Tupinamba. P: village near Rio de Janeiro.

G: 22ø50'S, 43ø15'W. T: 1550.

1250001 Metraux, Alfred. 1948. The Tupinamba. J.H. Steward, ed., Handbook of South American Indians, U.S. Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 143, Vol. 3, pp. 95-133. Washington, D.C. 0011043 Yves d'Evreux. 1864. Voyage dans le nord du Br‚sil fait durant les ann‚es 1613 et 1614, ed. F. Denis. Leipzig and Paris. 2022001 Thevet, A. 1878. Les singularitez de la France antarctique, ed. P. Gaffarel. Paris. 0333033 Soares de Souza, G. 1851. Tratado descriptivo do Brazil em 1587. Revista do Instituto Historico e Geographico do Brazil 14: 1-423. 4104003 Staden, H. 1928. The True Story of His Captivity, ed. M. Lotts. London. 3040003 Lery, J. de. 1880. Histoire d'un voyage faict en la terre du Br‚sil, ed. P. Gaffarel. Paris. 0000400 Lery, J. de. 1906. Extracts out of the Historie of John Lerius, ed. S. Purchas. Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas His Pilgrimes 16: 518-579. Glasgow. 0000100 Magalhaes de Gandavo, P. de. 1922. History of the Province of Santa Cruz. Documents and Narratives Concerning the Discovery and Conquest of Latin America: The Histories of Brazil 2: 11-121. N.Y. 0000010 Abbeville, C. d'. 1614. Histoire de la mission des Peres Capucins en I'isle de Maraguan et terres circonvoisines. Paris. 0000020 Cardim, F. 1906. A Treatise on Brasil. Haklyutus Posthumus or Purchas His Pilgrimes 16: 417-517. Glasgow.

122

SCCS#178 EA# 299 Sj5 Botocudo. P: Naknenuk subtribe.

G: 19øS, 41øW. T: 1884. 1111000 Ehrenreich, P.M.A. 1887. Ueber die Botocudos. Zeitschrift fur Ethnologie, 19: 49-82. 2222000 Metraux, A. 1946. The Botocudo. Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology 143: i, 531-540. 0000010 Keane, A. H. 1883. On the Botocudos. Journal of the (Royal) Anthropological Institute 13: 199-213. 0303000 Saint-Hilaire, A. 1930-33. Voyages dans l'int‚rieur du Br‚sil. Paris. 0000100 Wied-Neuwied, M. zu. 1820-21. Reise nach Brasilien in den Jahren 1815 bis 1817, v. 2. Frankfurt am main.

SCCS#179 EA#1184 Sj11 Shavante (Serente). P: vicinity of Sao Domingo.

G: 13ø30'S, 51ø30'W. T: 1958.

1111000 Maybury-Lewis, D. 1967. Akwe-Shavante Society. Oxford. 0000010 Nimuendaji, C. 1942. The Serente. Publications of the Frederick Webb Hodge Anniversary Publications Fund 4: 1-106.

SCCS#180 EA# 199 Sj3 Aweikoma (Caingang). P: Duque de Caxias Reservation.

G: 28øS, 50øW. T: 1932.

1111111 Henry, J. 1941. Jungle People. New York. 2322223 Metraux, A. 1946. The Caingang. Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology 143: i, 445-475. 0200000 Paula, J. M. de. 1924. Memoria sobre os Botocudos do Parana e Santa Catharina. Proceedings of the International Congress of Americanists 20: i, 117-138.

123

SCCS#181 1170 Sj10 Cayua. P: Southern Mato Grosso.

G: 23øS, 55øW. T: 1890. 1212000 Keonigswald, G. von. 1908. Die Cayuas. Globus 93: 376-381. 0021010 Ambrosetti, J.B. 1895. Los Indios Caingua del alto Parana. Boletin del Instituto Geografico Argentino 15: 661-744. 0100000 Rengger, J.R. 1835. Reise nach Paraguay in den Jahre 1818 bis 1828. Aarau. 0003020 Muller, F. 1934-35. Beitrage zur Ethnographie der Guarani-Indianer im ostlichen Waldgebiet von Paraguay. Anthropos 29: 177-208, 441-460, 695-702; 30: 151-164, 433-450, 767-783. 2400000 Strelnikov, I.D. 1928. Les Kaa-iwaua de Paraguay. Proceedings of the International Congress of Americanists 22: ii, 333-366. 3300000 Watson, J.B. 1952. Cayua Culture Change. Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association 73: 1-144.

SCCS#182 EA#1168 Sh9 Lengua.

G: 23ø30'S, 58ø30'W. T: 1889. 1121111 Grubb, W.B. 1911. An Unknown People in an Unknown Land. London. 0012013 Baldus, H. 1931. Indianerstudien im nordostlichen Chaco. Forschungen zur Volkerpsychologie und Soziologie II: 1-239. 0200003 Hawtrey, S.H.C. 1901. The Lengua Indians of the Paraguayan Chaco. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 31: 280-299. 0003000 M‚traux, A. 1946. Ethnography of the Chaco. Bulletins of the American Ethnology 143: 8, 197-370.

HRAF: SI04 SCCS#183 EA# 196 Sh3 Abipon.

G: 28øS, 59øW. T: 1750.

1111110 Dobrizhoffer, M. 1822. An Account of the Abipones. 3v. London. 0022000 Metraux, A. 1946. Ethnography of the Chaco. Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology 143: i, 197-370.

124

HRAF: SG04 SCCS#184 EA# 195 Sg2 Araucanians (Mapuche). P: vicinity of Temuco.

G: 38ø30'S, 72ø35'W. T: 1950.

2133003 Faron, L. C. 1961. Mapuche Social Structure. Illinois Studies in Anthropology, 1: 1-247. 1200001 Faron, L. C. 1968. The Mapuche Indians of Chile. New York. 0300001 Faron, L. C. 1964. Hawks of the Sun. Pittsburgh. 3422021 Titiev, M. 1951. Araucanian Culture in Transition. Occasional Contributions from the Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan 15: 1-164. 0011002 Hilger, M. I. 1957. Araucanian Child Life and Its Cultural Background. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collection 133: 1-495. 0000010 Nutini, H. G. 1972. Personal communication.

HRAF: SH05 SCCS#185 EA# 349 Sg4 Tehuelche.

G: 45øS, 68øW. T: 1870.

1211001 Musters, G. C. 1871. (2nd Ed. 1873.)At Home with the Patagonians. London. 0025000 Musters, G.C. 1972. On the Races of Patagonia. Journal of the (Royal) Anthropological Institute 1: 193-207. 0303003 Cooper, J. M. 1946. The Patagonian and Pampean Hunters. Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology 143: i, 127-268. 0134001 Viedma, A. de. 1837. Descripcion de la costa meridional del sur. Coleccion de obras y documentos relativos a la historia antigua y moderna de la provincias del Rio de la Plata, ed. P. de Angelis 6: 63-81. Buenos Aires. 0442002 Bourne, B. F. 1874. The Captive in Patagonia. Boston.

125

HRAF: SH06 SCCS#186 EA# 94 Sg1 Yahgan.

G: 55ø30'S, 70øW. T: 1865.

1111111 Gusinde, M. 1937. Die Feuerland-Indianer 2: Yamana. Modling bei Wien. 3200001 Cooper, J. M. 1946. The Yahgan. Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology 143: i, 81-106. 2000003 Cooper, J. M. 1917. An Analytical and Critical Bibliography of the Tribes of Tierra del Fuego. Bulletins of the Bureau of American Ethnology 63: 1-243.