PAPER 1Reading (1 hour 15 minutes)

You are going to read an article about surfing. Choose the most suitable heading from the

The history oj surfing

roT G

I 41- It4J,AB:R.f'Ti1~ih.~iif,1~t!~;'kIilist A-I for each part (1-7) of the article. There is one extra heading which you do notneed to use. There is an example at the beginning (O).

Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

His generaiiy believed that the ancient Polyneslans were the first to surf and to introduce surfingto the Rawaiian islands in the central Pacific Ocean. In fact, early records show that surfing wasat its helght in the late eighteenth century. During the next century the sport declined, but by thebeginning of the twentieth century its popularity had increased again and it graduaiiy became an

In the second half of the twentieth centuryone man in particular was responslble for freshenthusiasm in the sport. Re was a Califomian surfer called Jack O'Neill

who was determined to create a suit that would keep people warm in the waters of northemCalifomia, and at

the same time would allow complete freedom of movement.A

Warnings ignored

BFuture challenge

CScientists' involvement

DWetsuits on a mountain

EIdeal surfing conditions

FOne man's influence

GOrigins of surfing

HScientific breakthrough

IDangers of surfing

TipStripestablished water sport.

j1T 1

Rawaii has the best surf in the world but thebeaches are among the most dangerous, partlybecause they are overcrowded. During Octobereach year there are huge sweiis in which thewaves can be almost twenty metres high. Thesewaves then move to the southem hemisphere inApri!.

I 211

II a surfer gets sucked into the centre of one of these

I 51

He experimented with various materials without muchsuccess until, during a piane joumey in 1952, he cameacross a substance called neoprene. Using this material he created

a wetsuit made of rubber which kept surfers

warm and made surfing a year-round activity in climates whichwould otherwise be too cold for part of the year.

I 6 I I

Over the yearswetsuitshavebeenusedforeverything from deep-sea diving to board sports whichtake place

.Readthe text quickly for general understanding.

.Don't worry if there are same words which you don't understand; focus on understanding the

.Then look at the paragraph headings; don't expect the words from the text to match.

main point of each paragraph.

.Re-read each paragraph and find the heading which best summarises the main idea in the

.Check your

answers carefuHy.paragraph.

HeadingA: Whatdoes 'ignored' mean?

Heading D:'Mountain'is notmentioned In the tex!but there is areference tosomething tha!takes place on amountain.Don't bedeceived by MountEverest!

HeadingH: What is a'breakthrough'?

IDIT E S T 1, PAPER 1

waves and then flung anto the shore as the wave breaks, the force can be life-threatening. And

if the weight of the water does not make them unconscious, then the

wave can drag them under water long enough for them to drown.

I 3 I ITo most people, a twenty-metre high wave is Nature's way of saying: stay away. H's the oceanicequivalent of a lion's roar: get closer and you will be kiiied. But there are same surfers whoactually find these dangers one of the most attractive features of the sport.on land, like skateboarding. In 1988 O'Nej]]'s original wetsuits were used for the first eversnowboarding world cup event, ref\ecting O'Neill's belief that snow is only frozen waterand snowboarding takes place over frozen waves.

I 71 IOne surfer who recently rode agiant wave off the Pacific Island of Tahiti astonished onlookers by

walking away without a scratch. This same man now wants to surf a wavecalledJaws,which crashes anto the shore of Maui,one of the Hawaiian islands,for onIy afewdays eachyear.Jawscanreacha heightof overtwenty-five metres and is known tothe surfing world as the Mount Everest of surfing.

T E S T 1, PAPER..

~:.lW"II!I;lI1i1!iI1iW~ -,$( You are going to read an article abouta woman who runsa companycal led Peanuts. For Questions 8-15, choose the correct answer A, B,C or D.

Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Hungry pOp starsValerie)ones runsa company ealledPeanutswhosejob it isto look after pop stars and pop groups when they go on tour.She is the person who feeds the stars and she's been doing itfor the past ten years.

fI

TipStrip .Read the text carefully.

You do not necessarilyneed to understand

every word. The

questions follow the

. Underllne the key

order of the texl.

words In the questlon,e.g. Valerie has to

provide Qfl.llg~ffggf!. Then try to findthe part of the text

which contalns the

answerand underllne

the key words there,

8 Valeriehasto providea range of food because

A people are very fussy about what they eatB people are used to eating in restaurants.C there is such a wide variety of preferences.D there is such a demand lor special menus.

9 The singersare lessnervouswhen they are eating because

A their security men are with them.B there are no fans hanging around.C their managersluss over them.D the bands enjoy eating together.

10 Why doesValeriehaveto keepa supply ol certain drinks? A The bands rely ona

special recipe.

When the stars are playing ata festiva]Valerie may have to cook for up toathousand people which includes al! thecrew and the people who work backstage.She erectsa marquee-a huge tent- andthe food is served buffet style fromaeentral serving area. She has to cater fordifferent tastes, se)there are normal!y four

or more choices of menu. Shealso has tolook after people who may be ona specialdiet or some singers who don't eat dairy

food before a concerl.

She drives an enormous truck fuli ofkitchen equipment and hires at least threewalk-in refrigerators,a dishwashing unitand portable cabins which act as

storerooms and office.

Al! the bands have to queue up to beserved and everyone has to havea mealtickel. The stars are usually more relaxedwhen they are eating as no one isbothering them for autographs, althoughValerie says that sometimes the securitymen and the stars' managers are more

trouble than the stars themselves.

There are certain things which she alwayshas to keep in stoek like herbal teas andher own particular mixture of honey,leman and ginger which singers like to

lIIiI'iJIi'I! TEST 1, PAPER

...keep in flasks on stage witb them when they're singing.Years ago bandsused to drink quitea lot of alcohol, but these days they're much healthier.Most bands drink fresh fruit juice and prefer to eat salads.

A lot of people in the bands are quite young and they're not used to veryexpensivc food, so Valerie prepares plain

food unless a band sends her a

'rider'. This isa list of special rcquirements. Whenpeople are tired,

unwel! or homesiek theylike to have familiar 'comfor!' food sa she

keepsa stoek of people's requirements just in case. Asa resuH of all this,Valerie 43says she has become an expert shopper and in less than an hour inasupermarket she can spend flOOO.

A lot of bands won't eat before acancert because they're too nervous, saValerie and her staff can end up working very long hours as they have tobe around to provide what people want at twa or three in the moming.One thing Valerie has notieed is that the more mada band is on stage, the

more normai they are when they are off il. She says she is amazed at thechange in behaviaur.A really wild singer ean tum out to be really quietand polite off stage.

~

e.g. ;;he hE.e.1Q..~"tel. Look at the optlons and

fgLQL[f~".nHa".!g" ...

dec Ide whlch optlon best matches the key Information;n the tex!. OptlonC 'there Issu ch a wide varlety ofpreferences' 15the only optlon to contain the Idea of providinga. range of differentfood for people's IIkes and dislIkes.

Question 9: 'lessnervous' Is another way of saying 'more relaxed' Question 11: Whichword in the textdescribes

food that 15'simpie'?

Question 12: Do you need to referto

something earller or later In the text?

Question 15: Whatamazes Valerle about the bands7

B The bands preler herbal tea to collee.

C The bandstake Iruit juice on stage.D The bands like to drink alcohol.

11 What do most bands like best to eat7

A rich loodB cheap foodC junk loodD simplelood

12 What does 'just in case' in line 43refer to?

A Valerie'ssupply ol moreexpensiveloodB Valerie'slist of 'riders' lrom thedillerent bandsC Valerie'ssupply ol specialfood lorvarious peopleD Valerie'sunderstanding of peopleleeling sick

13 Why do you think Valerie has become an'expert shopper'?

A She has a lot ol money to spend each week.B She has learnt to find what individuals want

C She has to buy as much as possible lor f1000.

D She has to shop very quickly in asupermarket

14 Why isa band likely to be hungryafter playing?

A Theyleel more relaxedaltera concert.B Theywork long hours with little lood.C They only havea snackbeloreaconcertD They like to wait until they eattogether.

15 What does Valerie think about the singers?

A They are completely crazy on and 011stage.B They behave diflerently on and 011stage.

C They are less rude when they are 011stage.D They are normally more noisy on stage.

T E ST 1, PAPER1 lIIiIiDP,:A,:iR)r;ik'3r\';1~~;,~It'"You are going toread a

newspaperartiele about teenagers learning the art ol discussion and argument. Sevensentenceshave been removed lramthe artiele. Chooselram thesentencesA-H the one which fits each gap (16-21). Thereis one extra sentencewhichyou do not need to use.Thereis an exampleat the beginning (O).

Mark your answerson the separate answer sheet.

WHYTHEUNITEDNATIONSWENT TOSCHOOLTeenagerscantalk for hours on the phone to their friends, but II you try to get them to talk about politics or the 'atest

developmentsin agriculture, for example,they are likelyto fali silent. I O I D 1 It is more to do wit h lack ol confidence orexperiencein putting lorward eleararguments in lrant ol strangers.

In order to demonstratethe value ol good communication skilis, a boarding school in Bath, In the west of England,decidedtoorganisean interesting and excitingway of teaching teenagershow to argue and debate in publie.1161 1

TheModelUnitedNationsprogramme,whichIsa role-playexercise,wasfirst developedin the USwhere it forms part ofthe curriculum in hundreds of schools.

As many as 600 student representatives,ranging in age from 13 to 18, attend fram schoolsali over England

A The other roles aretaken by the students who pretend to be diplomats and try to representthe views and opinions oldillerent member states.

B However, it gives them an opportunity to developtheir ski115at persuading other people and interacting with otherstudents.

C Who is then chosento speak in the fuli assemblyis up to the student who is the chairpersonol that committee.

D This is not so much to do with lack ol knowledge or opinions about these matters.

E Theytried to destroy the other representative'sargument.

F Once they are all together they are divided into Ilve committees.

G They hold an annual Model United Nations(called MUN lor short by teachers and students)based on the real UnitedNations GeneralAssembly.

H In some yearsa lew students lram other countries such as Italy and Polandwill also attend.

and Northern Ireland.1~1 -ITip Strip

the teachers, and they decide which subjects students will discuss.1181 I .Read through the text carefully 50 that you have a general understanding.

The important roleswithin the UN, like the presidentof the general assembly,and the toples, are chosenby

.Look very carefully at what comes before and after each gap.

.Readthrough the sentence options and find one that fits in terms of topie and language links.

MUN

.Re-read the paragraph aga;n to check that it makes sense. starts on a Fridayevening and lasts until Sundayevening. Before arriving all the students are given a country to representand areexpectedto preparelor the discussionin

advance.L19_~ I Questlon 16: This isthe first reference to the ModelUnited Nations,its abbreviation MUNand the

It Isthen Upto the studentsto discusstheir viewswith the other membersof their committee to win support for their

argument, before they reacha decision by voting on a particular topie. [20 L__- I

Forsome of the students it will be the first time they havespoken in frant of an audienceand it can be very

nerve-wracking. 1211 IAt the sametime students become more aware of political affalrs and as well as gaining in

self-confidencethey learn about international issues.explanation of what il does. Without this explanation the last part of the paragraph would not

make sense. Question 17: Findother counlries that

linkwith 'Englandand Northern Ireland'.Question 18: The paragraph begins with a referenee to 'roles' so look for a sentence which continues this topie.

Question 21: Despite the fact that students may be nervous, the experience is obviously worthwhile. Look for a word Ihat connects these eontrastingideas.

lIDil TEST l, PAPER 1 TEST l, PAPER 1 IIDI~;B~1!I;;li!!~'- 'q

TipStrip

o Youdo notneedto read through the whole text first.

oRead each question and undeilllle-,h.LI<gy- !"Iords.o 5can the text byreading through itquickly to find theinformation.lgnoreYou aregoing to read a magazinearticle in which four actors talk about theirprofession.ForQuestions22-35 choosefrom the actorsA-D, The people may be chosenmorethan

Mark your answerson the separate answer sheet.ANance. Thereis an exarnpleat the beginning (O).

ACTOR'SWhich of the actors

had intended to do something else? ~

WORLD@C]has becomesuccessfulat a young age?

~was strongly influenced by their upbringing7

say a single word! Apparently the director was looking for sameone who could play a16-year-old schoolgirl, sa I suppose I'm fortunate in that I don't look my age. Theirony is that l used to spend hours making up my face sa that I'd look older. l used to get sofed np with people refusing me entry to adult films beeause nobody believed me when Isaid l was over 18.'

C Emmy Mason'My parents have always been interested in the arts and l remember being taken to theeinema and the theatre at a very eady age. When I said l wanted to go to

parts of the text which are not relevant to the point you arelooking for.o When you find the relevant part of the

text, read it @[ef!djJy. o The questions and the text will not contain the same words. You need to look for and mateh meaning. e.g. Question 22 'has beeomesueeessful at a young age' = 'just 21 andalreadya box olneename'.

Question 29: 'out ofwark' is a similar way of saying 'unemployed'.Question 3°: Findanother way of saying 'not interested'.

Question 32: Findanother way of saying 'refuses'. IID:!I

had little warning before going on stage?

comments on different acting techniques?

accepted wark without hesitation?

was pickedwithout having spoken?

has not been professionallytrained?

usedto worry about being unemployed?

is not interestedin reading scripts?

had a difficult time before becoming farnous? refusesqUltea lot of wark?

tried to change their appearance7

had to fight for parental support7

thinks the acting processis quite charrning and attractive? T E 5 T 1, PAPER 1

~@C]lliD[EJ=:J ~~~[TICJ [EL]@C]~~A Jake Armstrong'l have a terrible problem reading through scripts,' admits Jake Armstrong. 'l find most of them very boring, although ance in a while a script willrealIyappeal to me and l am immediately attracted to the character the director hasasked me to consider.'

Jake Armstrong was always going to end up doing something dramatic. His father and mother are both actors, and although neither of them pushed him into the profession, he feels his career path was inevitable as he saw 50 much theatre when hewas a chiid. 'l would wait backstage until it was time to go home at the end of an evening performance. I met the most fantastie people. As a child you don't appreciate farne and l thought alI these extraordinary people were realIy norma1.But therewas something fascinating about the whole husiness, why people dress up as different people and pretend to be other personalities. Unlike my parents, however, l am more interested in film wark. The thing about filming is that you hang around forhours chatting away to people, then suddenly you've got to turn it on. l had to learn very quickly how to tone down for the eamera, not to overact, whereas on stage in the theatre it's the exact opposite.'

B Laura Dyson

'I think I'm very lueky to have been noticed sa early in my career. When l was at drama schoolI used to feeI quite desperate meeting up with friends who had already graduated and who were ont of work. I would listen to them talking about the

temporary jobs they had, working in restaurants, supermarkets - whatever they could find, and going to one audition after the ather. And they were only auditioning for really smali parts in theatre or film and getting absolutely nowhere.'

Laura Dyson isjust 21 and already a box office name. She was spotted whilst on stage in London and offered a film role by one of Hollywood's leading directors. 'l! was unbelievable. I'd had hardly any experience and the play l was in was a walk-onrole only. l didn't have to

drama school they were horrified. In faet, my father refused to agree but he eventualJy gave in beeause l threatened to go off around the world on my own at 17 doing any oldjob just to pay my way.'

Emmy Mason was determined to succeed and although it has not been an easy ride to stardom she has finally achieved the kind of recognition that most actors can only dream about. 'My big break came quite byaccident. I was an understudy at the National Theatre for months on end. l! was such hard wark, learning the lines and vet knowing that you were lInlikely ever to say them in front of an audience. Don't get me wrong, thollgh. I was glad to be earningsome money and at least l got to see the famous names eaeh nigh!. Anyway, one day the leading lady went down with fiu and in the afternoon l was told l would be on stage that cvening. There wasn't time to be frightened. I had sat through all the

rehearsals so I knew the moves by heart. And thatwas it. The crities loved my performance and I've never

been out of work sinee.'

D Luke Demain

'l guess I ended up acting by accident. l wanted to go to university but couldn't deeide what to study. Sa I thought I'd take a year out, do different things and give myself a breathing spaee before applying. But during that year I got involved with alocaltheatre group and suddenly realised I was happier than I'd ever been.'

Luke Demain has never looked back. Unusual in this day and age, he didn't go to drama school and has had no formai tra ining. lnstead he found himself an agent who was willing to put him forward for auditions. 'To begin with l was mostly doingadvertisements for TV and film, which was fine but not serious acting. Then one day my agent got a calIfrom a film studio and the next day l was on the film set. There hadn't even been time to send me the script. Looking back l don't think l evenasked what the film was about, it didn't matter. But I'm quite choosy now and turn down more scripts than l accept!'

T E S T 1, IDO! PAPER