(Estd. 1910) AT VISVA-BHARATI, SANTINBKETAN (WEST ...

2311

t

6.

. \L' TcI. No. 0542-2368024 e.mall : nsi_bhu1910@yahoo,co.in

HUMilSMATlC SOOETY OF INDIA

(Estd. 1910)

BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY

VARANASS-221 005, INDIA-

PROF. PARAS NATH SINGH

CHAIRMAN

PROF. MOHD. HASBEM

TREASURER

PROF. JAI PRAKASH pINGHGENERAL SECRETARY

CENTEfSSARY YEAR

1 ^-CIRCULAR 95th ANNUAL CONFERENCE

AT VISVA-BHARATI, SANTINBKETAN (WEST BENGAL)

30^'' NOVEMBER- 2"^ DECEMBER, 2012

Dear Sir/Madam,

We have pleasure in informing you that the 95'" Annual Conference of the NumismaticSociety of India will be held at Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan (West Bengal) from 30'" November to2"'^ December, 2012.

The session wili be presided over by Prof. Ashvini Agrawai, an eminent numismatist,Department of Ancient Indian History Culture & Archaeology, Panjab University, Chandigarh. WeInvite you to attend and participate in the academic session of the 95th Annual Conference of theSociety and make it a success.

We request you to contribute a paper on any subject of Numismatics of your area of studyand reseatch and send ii lo us by i6cii Ni»v«irnber, 2ui2 along wllh a copy oi the ■suniinaiy'indicating your line of thinking and contribution, and also enclose a computer print and C.D. copiesof your paper.

Prof. Bikash Mukherjee, Chairman, BOS & Head, Department of Ancient Indian History &Archaeology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan will be the Local Secretary. He will send you details .of theconference and arrangement about your stay at Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan (West Bengal). You maycorrespond with him for any further information required. Also make it knov/n to him well in advance,if you intend to exhibit coins, medals, seals, etc. in the conference and book your space for thesame. Persons interested in advertisement in the Souvenir may also contact him.

it has also been decided to hold a Seminar on Coinage of West Bengal on this occasion.You are also requested to write a paper for the Seminar and inform us about the topic you Intendto write.

Annual members of the Society are requested to send their membership fee through D.D. ifthe same has not already been paid to the Treasurer of the Numismatic Society of India, BanarasHindu University, Varanasi.

Kindly do not hesitate to write to us regarding any queries or help in respect of yourmembership and attendance at the session. We wili also be glad to receive your suggestions if any.

Looking forward to the pleasure of meeting you at Santiniketan (West Bengal).With regards,

End, Railway ConcessionI^OF. I^HD^ NASEEM

Joint Secretary

CERTIFICATE FORMFOR

CONCESSION/ ALL INDIA BODIES OF CULTURAL,EDUCATIONAL AND SOCIAL IMPORTANCE

on date does not exceed Rs. 5000/= (Rupees Five Thousand) per month.

Class Nature of Concession

First class return tickets/second (Revised • At 15% concession in 1st class faresnomenclature 0 third class from 1.4.1974 * Payment of single journey Mail fares forthis return tickets.) class of travels.

1. He/She is a servant of the Central/State Govt./Local Body or a Statutory Authority or a Corporation ora Govt. Undertaking or a University.

He/she is not a servant of the Central/State Govt./Local Body or a Statutory Authority or a Corporationor a Govt. Undertaking or a University.

His/Her travelling expenses will not be borne by the Central/State Govt./Looai Body or Statutory Authorityor a Corporation or a Govt. Undertaking or a University.

Place ; Varanasi

Date : Septembe^ 2012

2.

3.

Office Stamp of the AssociationjConference/ institution

nt NUMi.sMAiic secibrv Ob laist.Sonurus Hindu nivoraftv

yAHANASl -6 (U. p.) |nbu

Prof. Mohd. NaseemJoint Secretary

The Numismatic Society of India, BHU, Varanasi-5

rfOIKT - SKCNffTAAt^omwmatic •OOETV of ,• Mil

The item not applicable must be struck out by the Secretary.I hereby certify that I am an employee of the Central/State Govt./Local body or a Statutory Authority ora Corpor^ion or a Government Undertaking or a University and that I shall not claim mileage allowancefrom the Central/State Govt./Local Body or Statutory Authority or A Govt. Undertaking or a Universityfor the Journey performed on the concessional return ticket.

Place

Date

Office Address

Note

Signature.

Designation..

1.

2.

This certificate (must invariably) be filled in by employees of the Central/State Govt./Local Body or aCorporation or a Government Undertaking or a University.Government servant etc. whose travelling expenses are borne by the Central/State Govt./ or a LocalBody or a Statutory Authority or a Corporation or a Go\t. Undertaking or University either wholly oreven partly are not entitled to this concession. Any breach of this rule by the Govt. servant, will renderhim liable to disciplinary action.

It is certified that Shri/Shrimati/Km ^ p^^son travellingV •. ^0 Santiniketan (West Bengal) to attened the 95th Annual Conference ofthe Numismatic Society of India to be held at Santiniketan (Vi/est Bengal) from November-2'"' December

2012 and IS entitled for the concession of return in any class available for one month as indicated below. It is alsocertified that the total emoluments/earnings drawn by Sri/Shrimati/Km

—2

ru

95™ ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE NUMISMATIC SOCIETY OF INDIA

VISVA-BHARATI, SANTINIKETAN -731235. WEST BENGAL

(November. 30'''to 2^° Decerrta, 2012-13)_ _ _ w

Pain/n

Local Secrelary&

7;va^'Hrt'r

Dr. Su-santa DiittnguplaUpadturya. yi.svd-Bhuru/i

Dr. Bikasti MtiUlicrji

Dapi. ofAIHC^A. l'is\a-liiunaii

Oryiinizi'i/hv:Dcpl, ofAlljC&A. Visva- Bharali

Date:

Dear Colleague,I hope you have by now received the 1" circular sent by Prof. Mohd. Naseem. Joint Secrelaty. NSl, BHU regarding theforihcoming 95"' Annual Conference to be held at Visva-Bharatl, Saniinikeian from Novembei: 50- December 02. 2012.I am happy lo write to you as Local Secrelary of liie 95"' Annual Conference invliing you to attend llie Conference al ourCampus located in the sylvan surroundings of rural Bengal. Our campus is located al a distance or2.5.km5 from Bolpiir-Santiniketan Railway Station, which is 52 kms from Barddhaman Jn on Barddliaman - Sahibgnnj loopiinc of the EasternRailway. Bolpur-Santiniketan can be easily reached from the three terminals of Eastern Railway namely l iowrah. .Senldnhand K-oikaia by a number of express trains all of which pass through the Barddhaman Jn.The weather in Saminikeian in late November and early December is pleasantly cool and light woolen cloth would besufTicienl. Accommodation in our University Guest Houses Is limited in number and, therefore, we arc planning lo bookrooms for accommodating the delegates in the private lodges located near the campus.The boarding, however, will be arranged at the place close lo the venue of the conference. The delegate fee will be 1500/(one thousand five hundred) and the amount may be sent In advance to Local Secrc'larv.95''' Annual Coiiferfncc. NS!. 20J2bv Demand Draft drawn on State Bank of India. Santiniketan BranchfCode: Q2I2I)

The delegates are requested not to bring .with them family members or. guests who are not members of the NSl because, ofscarcity of accommodation. The delegates may inform the Local Secreiaiy by phone or email confirming their participationand the dale and lime of their arrival and departure. This would help us in making arrangements for aeconimodalicni andlocal transport. There is a computerized Reservation Counter of the Eastern Railway in the campus. But the delegates areadvised to make their own arrangement well in advance for their journey to and from Santiniketan.Please feel free to contact us if you have any queiy regarding the conference. Our contact numbers and email ID arc givenbelow;

Dr, Bikash MukherjiLocal Secrelary

Mr. Dincsh Dcbanshi

Office in charge

Mobile:09434042418

email: bm31dc@ gmall.coin

LandlincNo: 03463252072

Mobile: 09475264293

Looking fonvard lo meeting you al our "Abode of Peace"

Yours Sinccrelv

(Dr.Bil^sh Mukhciji)Chairman BOS. & Head

Deparlinenl of A.I.H.C&AVidva-Bhavana.Visva-Bharaii

Tel. No. 0542-2368024

'V

2. 7/)

e.mall : [email protected]

NUMISMATIC SOCIETY OF INDIA

(Estd. 1910) '

PROF. PARAS NATH SINGH

CHAIRMAN

BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY

VARANASI-221 005, INDIA

PROF. JAI PRAKASH SINGH

GENERAL SECRETARY

CENTENARY YEAR

PROF. MOHD. NASEEM

TREASURER

1 ^-CIRCULAR 95th ANNUAL CONFERENCE

AT VISVA-BHARATI, SANTINIKETAN (WEST BENGAL)

30^*^ NOVEMBER- 2"^ DECEMBER, 2012

Dear Sir/Madam,

We have pleasure in informing you that the 95'^ Annual Conference of the NumismaticSociety of India will be held at Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan (West Bengal) from 30'^ November to2"^* December, 2012.

The session will be presided over by Prof. Ashvini Agrawai, an eminent numismatist,Department of Ancient Indian History Culture & Archaeology, Panjab University, Chandigarh. WeInvite you to attend and participate in the academic session of the 95th Annual Conference of theSociety and make it a success.

We request you to contribute a paper on any subject of Numismatics of your area of studyand research and send it to us by 15th November, 2012 along with a copy of the summaryindicating your line of thinking and contribution, and also enclose a computer print and C.D. copiesof your paper.

Prof. Bikash Mukherjee, Chairman, BOS & Head, Department of Ancient Indian History &Archaeology, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan will be the Local Secretary. He will send you details of theconference and arrangement about your stay at Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan (West Bengal). You maycorrespond with him for'any further information required. Also make it known to him well in advance,if you intend to exhibit coins, medals, seals, etc. in the conference and book your space for thesame. Persons interested in advertisement in the Souvenir may also contact him.

It has also been decided to hold a Seminar on Coinage of West Bengal on this occasion.You are also requested to write a paper for the Seminar and inform us about the topic you intendto write.

t

Annual members of the Society are requested to send their membership fee through D.D. ifthe same has not already been paid to the Treasurer of the Numismatic Society of India, BanarasHindu University, Varanasi.

Kindly do not hesitate to write to us regarding any queries or help in respect of your,membership and attendance at the session. We will also be glad to receive your suggestions if any.

Looking forward to the pleasure of meeting you at Santiniketan (West Bengal).

With regards,

End. : Railway ConcessionPROF. MOHD. NASEEM

Joint Secretary

95™ ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE NUMISMATIC SOCIETY OF INDIA

VISVA-BHARATI. SANTINIKETAN -731235, WEST BENGAL

{November, 30'^^ to 2"^° December, 2012-13)

/rV

m

Pall-on

l.ooal Secretary&

Tivosuixt

Dr. Siisanfji DutfaguplaUpuchoryci. Visvu-Bhunui

Dr. Bikash MiiUhci'jiDi'i)!. pfAUK'i^A. VisYii-Bhuixiii

{}ryiini:L't/ hv:Depi. ofAlMCA: Visva- Bharali

Date:

Dear Colleague,1 hope you have by now received the I"" circular sent by Prof. Mohd. Naseem. Joint Secretary. NSi. BHIJ regarding theforthcoming 95"' Annual Conference to be held at Visva-Bharati. Saniiniketan from Novcmbei; 30- December 02. 2012.1 am happy to write to you as Local Secretary of the 95"' Annual Conference inviting you to attend the Conlcrcnce.al ourCampus located in the sylvan surroundings of rural Bengal. Our campus is located at a distance of 2.5.km5 from Bolpur-Sanlinikeian Railway Station, which is 52 kms from Barddhaman Jn on Barddhaman - Sahibganj looplinc of the EasternRailway. Bolpiir-Sanlinikctan can be ea.sily reached from the three terminals of Eastern Railway namely i lowrah. Seaidaliand Kolkata by a number of express trains all of which pass through the Barddhaman Jn.The weather in Santinikctan in late November and early December is pleasantly cool and light woolen cloth would besLifllcieni. Accommodation in our University Guest Houses is limited in number and, therefore, we are planning to ooukrooms for accommodating the delegates in the private lodges located near the campus.The boarding, however, will be arranged at the place close to the venue of the conference. Tlie delegate fee will be 1500/(one thousand five hundred) and the amount may be sent in advance to Local Secrefarv.95"' Annual Conleri^ncc. .\'S!. 2(U2bv Demand Draft drawn on State Bank of India. Santinikctan Branch/Code: 0212 h

The delegates are requested not to bring with them family members or guests who are not members olTlie NSI because ofscarcity of accommodation. The delegates may inform the Local Secretaiy by phone or email confirming their pariicipaiionand the dale and lime of their arrival and departure. This would help us in making arrangements for accommodation andlocal transport. There Is a computerized Reservation Counter of the Eastern Railway In the campus. But the delegates areadvised to make their own arrangement well in advance for their journey to and I'rom Saniiniketan.Please feel free to contact us if you have any query regarding the conference. Our contact numbers and email ID arc givenbelow:

Dr. Bikash MukherjiLocal Secretary

Mr. Dincsh Dcbanshi

Office in charge

Mobilc:09434042418

email: bm31dc@ gmail.coni

Landiinc No: 03463252072

Mobile: 09475264293

Looking for\vard to meeting you at our "Abode of Peace"

Yours Sincere!}'

(Dr.B^sli Mukhcfji)Chairman BOS. & Head

Deparliiienl of A.I.I I.C&AVldva-Bhavana.Visva-lihnraii

Dairv11/1 lum B Gmail - Regarding revised budget for three days workshop

—Q CFftfiS No>. -

arch.museums1972 <[email protected]>

^

Regarding revised budget for three days workshop /^/''

chairperson_aihca <[email protected]> Fri. Nov 16, 2018 at 4:14 PMTo: [email protected]

Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture & ArchaeologyPanjab University, Chandigarh

The Director

Department of Archaeology & Museums, Haryana,Art& Design Building, Sector-10,Chandigarh, Pincode-160011,

Sir,

I am enclosing herewith a revised budget amounting to Rs.6,30,000/- for organisingthe three days workshop on 'Numismatics: Study and Research' in collaboration withyour department. The copy of revised budget amounting to Rs.6,30,000/- and theme ofthe workshop is enclosed.

Yours faithfully.

End: As above (Prof. Renu Thakur)Chairperson

3 attachments

gi Three Days workshop on Numismatics.docx^ 17K

gl Revised budget for three days workshop.docx^ 18K

gl Addresses for workshop 2018.docx^ 20K

https://mai[.google.com/niail/u/0?ik=03f9b999e7&view=pt&search=all&permmsgid=msg-f%3A1617287008186366466&simpl=msg-f%3A1617287... 1/1

■=?-

THREE DAYS WORKSHOP

ON

NUMISMATICS: STUDY AND RESEARCH

The department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, PanjabUniversity, Chandigarh plans to organize a three days workshop on 'Numismatics:Study and Research in collaboration with the department of Archaeology andMuseums Haryana, Chandigarh. The story of coins is interwoven with the historyof mankind. The needs of early man were limited but gradually families groupedthemselves into communities. Each community developed its own life style andestablished exchange relations with the communities of other regions. Initiallyexchange was limited to barter but later eoins evolved. The origin of Indian coinsgoes back to the 700 BCE. The journey of making coins provides us an interestingpanorama of the monetary system of India. They provide us an importantinformation on the history of the period. Their provenance, devices, legend,meterology and minting technique help us have insight into importantdevelopments in coin making. A special panel discussion on coins finds fromdifferent parts of Haryana will be undertaken. This will help in the documentationof ancient coins housed in different museums of Haryana. This initiative will helpin unfolding the history of the region.

The workshop will focus mainly on the technology of minting coins, main featuresof Punch marked coins, coins of the Indo Greeks, Saka-Ksatrapas, Kushana, Guptaand Post Guptas coins. This workshop will unfold important aspects of coins andtheir contribution in documenting human progress.

During the workshop there will be an exhibition of various coins and livedemonstration of various minting techniques adopted by the people of ancienttimes will be given by the experts from the Numismatic Society of Calcutta.Through this exhibition we will try to create an awareness among students ofschool, colleges, universities and people at large about coins and coin making. Thecoin collectors from different parts of India will exhibit their coins.

it

ANNEXURE-I

Programme of the Workshop

VENUE:

27 December., 2018

INAUGURATION

Welcome

Introduction to the theme of the workshop

Inaugural address

Key Note

Vote of thanks

Tea Break 11.45 am-12.30 pm

Inauguration of Exhibition and Workshop by Hon'ble Vicc-Chancellor, Panjab University,Chandigarh

TECHNICAL SESSION I (Exhibition of Coins)

Evolution and Antiquity of Coins Daily 10.00 am to 5.00 pm

Lunch 1.30 pm-2.30 pm

TECHNICAL SESSION 11 2.30 pm-4.00pm

Punch Marked Coins

Nature and Classification

Tea Break 4.00 pm-4.30 pm

28 December, 2018

TECHNICAL SESSION III 10.00 am -1.30 pm

Workshop for School, College Students on Minting Techniques live demonstration


TECHNICAL SESSION IV 2.30 pm-4.00pra

Tribal Coins

29 December. 2Q18

Exhibition 10.00 am -1.30 am

TECHNICAL SESSION V

Coins of the Indo-Grecks and Shakas

Lunch 1.30 pm - 2.30 pm

TECHNICAL SESSION VI 2.30 pm- 4.00 pm

Exhibition

Coins of Kushans/Gupta/Post Gupta

Valedictory Function /Feedback and Summing up Deliberations

IP

Detailed Revised budget for three days workshop indicating amount to be incurred on TA/DA,Hospitality, Transport, Stationery, Secretarial Assistance, [Typing and Xeroxing work and othercontingent expenditure etc. (Requests for publication of the proceedings are entertained separately).

s.

No.

Item No. of

ParticipantsNo. of

Days/Meals

Rate Amount in

Rupees

1. Travel within India 40 Three Rates approved byPanjab University

App.Rs.2,00,000/-

2. Local Transport 40 Three Rs.20/- per km App.Rs.20,000/-

3. Accommodation 40 Three App.Rs.500/- per day App.Rs.60,000/-

4. Catering Chargesa)Teab)Snacks/Breakfastc)Lunch/Dinner

40 Three App.Rs.33,000/- per day App.Rs.l,00,000/-

5. Seminar/Conference

material

a)Bags/Foldersb)Padsc)Pensd)Mementose)Any other (specify)

40 One App.Rs.375/- each bag,pad and pen

App.Rs.15,000/-

6. Secretarial Assistance

a)Typmgb)Xeroxingc)Printing (specify)d)Any other (specify)

40 App.Rs.10,000/- forbanners+Rs.40,000/-other work i.e.

printing/xeroxing

App.Rs.50,000/-

7. Programme Expenditure

a)Booking ofHall/Auditorium

b)Photography/Videography

c)Flax / Bannerd)Sound Systeme)Others

40 Three App.Rs. 15,000/- forbooking of auditorium+Rs.5,000/- for sound

system+ Rs.5,000/- forphotography

App.Rs.25,000/-

8. Wooden Cabinet 10 Rate per wooden cabinetApp.Rs. 10,000/-

1

Rs. 1,00,000/-

9. Contingency (notexceeding 5 % of totalGrant)

App.Rs.30,000/-

10 Miscellaneous Expenditure(if any, specify)

Other work App.Rs.30,000/-

General Total App.Rs. 6,30,000/-

o

ANNEXURE-II

TENTATIVE LIST OF THE PARTICIPANTS

Prof. Sita Ram DubeyDeptt. of Ancient Indian History Culture & ArchaeologyBanaras Hindu University,Varanasi-221002

Prof. Amar SinghDept. of HistoryCentral University of HaryanaJant-Pali, Mahendergarh (Haryana)Pin: 123031

Phone 19416865821

Email: [email protected]

Prof. R.C. Thakran

Deptt. of History,University of Delhi,New Delhi - 110007

Prof. Laxman. S. Thakur

Department of HistoryHimachal Pardesh UniversityShimla(H.P.)-171005

Dr. Amiteshwar Jlia

Director

Indian Institute for Research in Numismatic Studies

Nasik

Prof. Susmita Basu Mazumdar,Dept. ofAIHC&AUniversity of CalcuttaCalcutta

Prof. O.N. SinghDeptt. of Ancient Indian History Culture & ArchaeologyBanaras Hindu University,Varanasi-221002

Prof. Manmohan Kumar (Retd.)Dept. of HistoryM.D.U., Rohtak (Haryana)

Prof. Suraan Jain

Deptt. of Ancient Indian History Culture & ArchaeologyBanaras Hindu University,Varanas i — 221002

Dr. Rajesh PurohitaDirector

National Museum

Calcutta

>Dr. Danish Moin

Associate Professor

Dept. of HistoryMaulana Azad National Urdu UniversityHyderabadTelengana, IndiaRangareddy, Andhra Pradesh, India09527996163

Dr. Sutapa SinhaAssociate Professor

University of Calcutta,Department of Islamic History and Culture15/2/4, Jheel Road, FlatN21st Floor, Sweetland

Kolkatta-700075

Prof. N.K. OjhaDeptt. of Ancient Indian History Culture & ArchaeologyPanjab University, Chandigarh

Prof. Ashvini AgrawalDeptt. of Ancient Indian History Culture & ArchaeologyPanjab University, Chandigarh

Prof. Mahesh Sharma

Deptt. of Evening StudiesPanjab University,Chandigarh

Dr. Paru Bal Sidhu

Dept. of AIHC & APanjab UniversityChandigarh

Dr. Ashish Kiunar

Dept. of HistoryPanjab UniversityChandigarh

Prof. Davendra Handa

House No. 1401, PUSHPAC COMPLEXSector 49 B, Chandigarh 160047

Dr. Banani BhattacharyaGovernment Museum and Art Gallery

Sector 10, Chandigarh

Mr. Harbinder Singh Saggu(Joint Secretary Numismatic Society of Calcutta)

Mr. Smaran Kumar Dass

Affiliated with NumismaticSociety of Calcutta

Mr. Ravi Shankar Sharma

(Secretary Numismatic Society of Calcutta

Mr.Anup Kumar MitraFormer President of Numis Society of CalcuttaSpace No. 02-39 B Hudco Building, 2"" Floor,15 Nelie Sengupta Sarani,Kolkatta West Bengal [email protected]

> THREE DAYS WORKSHOP Ih'D' )8^

ON


The department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, PanjabUniversity, Chandigarh plans to organize a three days workshop on 'Numismatics:Study and Research in collaboration with the department of Archaeology andMuseums Haryana, Chandigarh. The story of coins is interwoven with the historyof mankind. The needs of early man were limited but gradually families groupedthemselves into communities. Each community developed its own life style andestablished exchange relations with the communities of other regions. Initiallyexchange was limited to barter but later coins evolved. The origin of Indian coinsgoes back to the 700 BCB. The journey of making coins provides us an interestingpanorama of the monetary system of India. They provide us an importantinformation on the history of the period. Their provenance, devices, legend,meterology and minting technique help us have insight into importantdevelopments in coin making. A special panel discussion on coins finds fromdifferent parts of Haryana will be undertaken. This will help in the documentationof ancient coins housed in different museums of Haryana. This initiative will helpin unfolding the history of the region.


During the workshop there will be an exhibition of various coins and live

demonstration of various minting techniques adopted by the people of ancienttimes will be given by the experts from the Numismatic Society of Calcutta.Through this exhibition we will try to create an awareness among students ofschool, colleges, universities and people at large about coins and coin making. Thecoin collectors from different parts of India will exhibit their coins.

ANNEXURE-1

Programme of the Workshopr

VENUE:

27 December, 2018

INAUGURATION

Welcome


Inaugural address

Key Note

Vote of thanks

Tea Break 11.45 am -12.30 pm

Inauguration of Exhibition and Workshop by Hon'ble Vice-Chancellor, Panjab University,ChandigarhTECHNICAL SESSION I (Exhibition of Coins)



TECHNICAL SESSION II 2.30 pm— 4.00pm

Punch Marked Coins


Tea Break 4.OO pm-4.30 pm

28 December. 2018

TECHNICAL SESSION III 10.00 am - 1.30 pm

Worlcshop for School, College Students on Minting Techniques live demonstration

Lunch 1.30 pm -2.30 pm

TECHNICAL SESSION IV 2.30 pm — 4.00pm

Tribal Coins

29 December. 2018

Exhibition 10.00 am - 1.30 am

TECHNICAL SESSION V

Coins of the Indo-Greeks and Shakas


TECHNICAL SESSION VI 2.30 pin- 4.00 pin

Exhibition



Detailed Revised budget for three days workshop indicating amount to be incurred on TA/DA,Hospitality, Transport, Stationery, Secretarial Assistance, Typing and Xeroxing work and other

I contingent expenditure etc. (Requests for publication of the proceedings are entertained separately).

s.

No.

Item No. of

ParticipantsNo. of

Days/

Meals

Rate Amount in

Rupees

1 Travel within India 40 Three Rates approved byPanjab University

App.Rs.2,00,000/-

2 Local Transport 40 Three Rs.20/- per km App.Rs.20,000/-

3 Accommodation 40 Three App.Rs.500/- per day App.Rs.60,000/-

4 Catering Chargesa) Teab) Snacks/Breakfastc) Lunch/Dinner

40 Three App.Rs.33,000/- per day App.Rs. 1,00,000/-

5 Seminar/Conference

material

a) Bags/Foldersb) Padsc) Pensd) Mementose) Any other (specify)


App.Rs.15,000/-

6 Secretarial Assistance

a) Typingb) Xeroxingc) Printing (specify)d) Any other (specify)

40 App.Rs. 10,000/- forb an ners+Rs .40,000/-

other work i.e.

printing/xeroxing

App.Rs.50,000/-

7 Programme Expenditure

a) Booking ofHall/Auditorium

b) Photography/Videography

c) Flax / Bannerd) Sound Systeme) Others

40 Three App.Rs. 15,000/- forbooking of auditorium+Rs.5,000/- for sound

system+ Rs.5,000/- forphotography

App.Rs.25,000/-

8 Wooden Cabinet 10 Rate per wooden cabinetApp.Rs. 10,000/-

Rs.1,00,000/-

9 Contingency (notexceeding 5 % of totalGrant)

App.Rs.30,000/-


Other work App.Rs.30,000/-


& Arthaeologvraujab L/iiiversi$»

ANNEXURE-n

W TENTATIVE LIST OF THE PARTICIPANTSI'rof. Sita Ram DubeyDeptt. of Ancient Indian History Culture & ArchaeologyBanaras Hindu University,Varanasi - 221002

Prof. Amar SinghDept. of HistoryCentral University of HaryanaJant-Pali, Mahendergarh (Haryana)Pin: 123031

Phone: 9416865821


Prof. R.C. Thakran

Deptt. of History,University of Delhi,New Delhi - 110007


Department of HistoryHimachal Pardesh UniversityShimla (H.P.) -'71005

Dr. Amiteshwar Jha

Director


Nasik

Prof. Susmita Basu Mazumdar,Dept. ofAIHC&AUniversity of CalcuttaCalcutta

Prof. O.N. SinghDeptt. of Ancient Indian History Culture & ArchaeologyBanaras Hindu University,Varanasi-221002


Prof. Suman Jain

Deptt. of Ancient Indian History Culture & ArchaeologyBanaras Hindu University,Varanasi-221002


National Museum

Calcutta

*Dr. Danish MoinAssociate Professor

r^ept. of HistoryMaulana Azad National Urdu UniversityHyderabadTelengana, IndiaRangareddy, Andhra Pradesh, India09527996163

Dr. Sutapa SinhaAssociate Professor

University of Calcutta,Department of Islamic History and Culture15/2/4, Jheel Road, Flat N21st Floor, SweetlandKolkatta-700075

Prof. N.K. OjhaDeptt. of Ancient Indian History Culture & ArchaeologyPanjab University, Chandigarh

Prof. Ashvini AgrawaiDeptt. of Ancient Indian History Culture & ArchaeologyPanjab Universit>', Chandigarh

Prof. Mahesh Sharma


Dr. Paru Bal Sidhu

Dept. ofAIHC&APanjab UniversityChandigarh

Dr. Ashish Kumar



House No. 1401,PUSHPAC COMPLEX

Sector 49 B, Chandigarh 160047

Dr. Banani Bhattacharya

Government Museum and Art Gallery


Ig—

>Ivlr. Harbinder Singh Saggu(Joint Secretary Numismatic Society of Calcutta)


Affiliated with Numismatic

Society of Calcutta



Mr.Anup Kumar MitraFormer President of Numis Society of CalcuttaSpace No. 02-39 B Hudco Building, 2"'' Floor,15 Nelie Sengupta Sarani,Kolkatta West Bengal 70087Nsc.kolkataf%vahoo.co.in

11/17/2018 Gmail - Regarding to depute experts for lecture. ^3'ry

CFWIS No:-

Dsto:-

wiTIQII arch.museums1972 <[email protected]>

Regarding to depute experts for lecture.

chairperson_aihca <[email protected]> Fri, Nov 16, 2018 at 4:24 PMTo: [email protected], [email protected]

Dept. of Ancient Indian History, Culture & ArchaeologyPanjab University, Chandigarh

The Director

Dept. of Archaeology and Museums(HRY)Sector 10,Chandigarh

Sir,

We request you to depute experts on field archaeology to deliver at least twoIntroductory lectures to the students of M.A. 3rd Semester who are specialising inArchaeology: Prehistoric Archaeology & Archaeological Methods, Techniques and EarlyHistoric Archaeology In the coming week. We shall remain indebted to you for thisfavour.

We hope to get positive reply from your end.

Yours faithfully.

(Prof. Renu Thakur)Chairperson

https://mail.googIe.com/maii/u/0?ik-03f9b999e7&vlew=pt&search=all&petTnmsgid=msg-f%3A1617287616218042361 &simpl=msg-f%3A1617287... 1/1

Department of

Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology,Panjab University,Chandigarh-l60014

(Estd. In 1947 under Act VIl of Govt. of India)

Chai rperson N o A1H/18. i.Dated:

The Director

Department of Arciiaeology & Museums, I laiyana.Art & Design Building. Sector-10, Cairy f^o'- M 2_U §

^-HiLlhS

Madam/Sir,

1 am inform you that the Department of Ancient Indian l listory, Culture &

Archaeology. Panjab University. Chandigarh is organizing a three days'

workshop on 'Numismatics: Study and Research in collaboration with your

department (Archaeology and Museums Haryana. Ciiandigaiii) in the month of

December 2018.

For organizing this event the Department has requested for a financial

assistance of Rs.3.00,000/- to the Member Secretary, ICHR. New Delhi. Many

eminent scholars are coining from diffbrent parts of India to participate in the

deliberations. The formal meeting in this regard will help us finalize the program.

Kindly suggest a suitable date and time for the meeting at the earliest.

Yours faithfully,

iLoixucuP(Prol. Renii Thakiir) „ , _ ■ ,

Chairperson

Pul Lit).

^)H8OK

Phone: 0172-2534629, Intercom: 4629, E.mail: [email protected] 154

Chjiirperson

To

Subject:

Sir,

I Department ofAncient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology,

Panjal) University,Chandigarh-160014(Estd. Ill 1947 under Act VI] of Govt. of India)

The Member Secretary

ICHR.35,

Ferozeshah Road

New Delhi- I I0 001

Application for Financial Assistance for holding a three days workshop.

The Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology, Panjab

Universit}', Chandigarh is organizing a three days* workshop on 'Numismatics: Study and

Research in collaboration with the department of Archaeology and Museums. Haryana.

Chandigarh in the month of December 2018.

For organizing this event in the Department we request you to grant financial

assistance of Rs.3,00,000/-. Many eminent scholars are coming from different parts of India to

participate in the deliberations. The requisite documents are attached with the application form

for your perusal.

Hope to receive positive response in this regard.

End: As above

Yours faithfully,

(Prof. Renu Thakur) 12r|To ]Chairperson

l^hone: 0172-2534629, Intercom: 4629. E.mail: [email protected]

cTHREE DAYS WORKSHOP NUMISMATICS: STUDY AND RESEARCH

The department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, PunjabUniversity, Chandigarh plans to organize a three days workshop on 'Numismatics:Study and Research in collaboration with the department of Archaeology andMuseums Haryana, Chandigarh. The story of coins is, interwoven with the historyof mankind. The needs of early man were limited but gradually families groupedthemselves into communities. Each community developed its own life style andestablished exchange relations with the communities of other regions. Initiallyexchange was limited to barter but later coins evolved. The origin of Indian coinsgoes back to the 700 BCE. The journey of making coins provides us an interestingpanorama of the monetary system of India. They provide us an importantinformation on the history of the period. Their provenance, devices, legend,meterology and minting technique help us have insight into importantdevelopments in coin making.


During the workshop there will be an exhibition of various coins and live

demonstration of various minting techniques adopted by the people of ancienttimes will be given by the experts from the Numismatic Society of Calcutta.Through this exhibition we will try to create awareness among students of school,colleges, universities and people at large about coins and coin making. The coincollectors from different parts of India will exhibit their coins.

ANNEXURE-I

C~ Programme of the Workshop

VENUE:

27 December, 2018

INAUGURATION

Welcome


inaugural address

Key Note

Vote of thanks

Tea Break 11.45 am -12.30 pm

Inauguration of Exhibition and Workshop by Hon'ble Vice-Chaiicellor, Panjab University,Chandigarh




TECHNICAL SESSION II 2.30 pm - 4.00pm

Punch Marked Coins



28 December, 2018

TECHNICAL SESSION III 10.00 am - 1.30 pm



TECHNICAL SESSION IV 2.30 pm - 4.00pm

Tribal Coins

29 December, 2018


TECHNICAL SESSION V

Coins of the Indo-Grceks and Shakas

Lunch 1.30 pm - 2.30 pm

TECHNICAL SESSION VI 2.30 pm-4.00 pm

Exhibition


. Valedictory Function /Feedback and Summing up Deliberations

To

Member Secretary,

Indian Council of Historical Research

35 Ferozeshah Road

New Delhi - 110001

Name and address of the Organizers:

ANNEXURElA

Prof. Renu Thakur

Dept. of Ancient Indian History, Culture &

Archaeology, Panjab UniversityChandigarh

Phone:

Mobile; 9417121262

The Director

Department of Archaeology and MuseumHaryana, Chandigarh

Fax:

Zone: North/South/East/West/North East

Rural Urban : Urban

Class of City: XmZ/Rural

District:

State: Chandigarh

Urban

E-mail: [email protected]

Web site:

1. Name and address of the Convener:

Prof. Renu Thakur

Dept. of Ancient Indian History, Culture &Archaeology, Panjab UniversityChandigarh

Phone: 9417121262


Rural Urban : Urban

Class of City: XA^/Z/Rural

Fax:

Urban

District:

State : Chandigarh


Web site:

3. Theme of the Conference/Seminar/Wcrkshop (Attach brief summary) (Annexure I)

Page 1 of 5

JSub-Themes: Proposed Dates: December, 2018

1. Numismatics: Study and Research

Venue: Panjab University, Chandigarh

4. Number of Participants (List of expected participants to be attached)

(In numbers) (In words)

Local 20 Twenty

Foreign

Total 20 Twenty

6. Category: General SC ST OBC Minorities PwD

(Please attach self-attested copy of the Category/Caste/Tribe certificates from competentauthority)

7. Gender: Male/Female/Third Gender

8. Funding from other than ICHR: UGC, Panjab University, Chandigarh

Source: Applied

Amount: Rs.3,00,000/-

9. Detailed Budget Indicating Amount to be incurred on TA/DA, Hospitality, Transport, Stationery,' Secretarial Assistance, Typing and Xeroxing work and other contingent expenditure etc. (Requests

for publication of the proceedings are entertained separately).

S.

No.

Item No. of

ParticipantsNo. of

Days/MealsRate Amount in

Rupees

1 Travel within India. 40 Three Rates approved byPanjab University

App.Rs. 1,20,000/-

2 Local Transport 40 Three Rs.20/- per km App.Rs.10,000/-

3 Accommodation 15 Tiiree Rs.500/- per day App.Rs.22,500/-

4 Catering Ciiarges

a) Tea

b) Snacks/Breakfast

40 Three Rs.20,000/- per day App.Rs.60,000/-

Page 2 of 5

,s

c) Liinch/Dinner,

Somiiiar/Conference

nnUcrial -

a) Bags/Foldersb) i*ads

c) Pens

d) Mementose) Any other (specify)

30 One Rs.250/- each bag,pad and pen

1

App.Rs.7,500/-



40 Rs.8,000/- for

banners+Rs. 12,000/-

other work i.e.

printing/xeroxing

App.Rs.20,000/-




c) Flax/Bannerd) Sound Systeme) Others

40 Three

)

1

Rs. 15,000/- for

booking • ofauditorium+

Rs.5,000/- for sound

system+ Rs.5,000/-for photography

App.Rs.25,000/-

8 Contingency (notexceeding 5 % of totalGrant)

App.Rs. 15,000/-


■

Other work A'pp.Rs.20,000/-

General Total 1 App.Rs. 3,00,000/-

*Please consult Guidelines for preparing the funding details.

10. Amount expected from the ICHR Rs.3,00,000/-

11. Name of Authority in whose favour the ICHR grant should be released if given: The Registrar,Panjab University,Chandigarh ;

12. Whether the Organization/Department/Institution has received or applied for ICHR grant earlier give

details (File No. Year and Topic). File No. : Cash/563A/Grant/ICHR/2012-13 dated 27.06.2013

Year: October Topic: Archaeology and Literature: Interpreting Early Indian History

13. Institutional Funding

Own Contribution Amount sought Amount sanctioned by the institution

Page 3 of 5

tM

-2-^-

Rs. 1,00,000/-

Kiiiidiii^ from other sources: NA

Nniiic of organization Amount sought Amount sanctioned

14. The following is to be filled only if the applicant is a professional organization: NA

a. Year of establishment of the professional organization of the historians (please enclose a certified

copy of the registration of documents/signed MOA etc.) NA

b. Whether the organization is functioning at National/Regional/State/Local Level

c. Aims and objectives of the organization {Attach a copy duly signed by the authorizedsignatories).

d. Activities of the organization/institution in the past three years (On a separate sheet).

e. Number of members of the organization.

f. Main source of funds of the organization.

g. Financial status (Attach copy of audited statement of accounts for the last financial year).

I hereby certify that the above information is correct to the best of my knowledge and that I shall abide bythe Terms & Conditions as laid down in the guidelines of the schemes.

Date:

Name (block letters): RENUTHAKUR

Designation: PROFESSOR

Address: dept. of ancient Indian history, culture «& archaeology

iLv O-LlUL^^Smnature of the Applicant •

Deptt. or Ancient XailMM mtmCulture c. . v.ciitteology

fanjab CiuversilyCHAND1CAR3I

(Seal)

Date:

Name (block letters):

Designation:

Address:

Signature of the Head of the IiKtitution/Organization

Director

Research Promotion CallPanjab University,'londioarti. ' .

Page 4 of 5

IN,It.VIZ.I.ihc application should be forwarded by the Head of the Institute/Organization

Dircclor/Registrar/President/Chairman/Principal, etc. duly signed and stamped.Ill cjLse of approval, the funds will be released to the^ forwarding Institution/Organization.

,1, N(tOs should enclose the NGO profile along with relevant documents.I) The registered Societies/NGOs should upload their details and registration certificate on the

Government of India's Niti Aayog web portal. Also, hereafter such bodies should submit theirregistration certificate to the ICHR along with application forms,

ii) '['he NGOs/Registered Societies should submit their organization's last three years auditedstatement of accounts duly certified by the Finance Authority of the concerned bodies/departmentsalong with application form.

4. The applicant should submit statement of accounts and utilization certificate along with bill/vouchersduly signed by the authorized officer of the institutions/society/NGO for the, previous year grantreceived from ICHR.

5. In case of organizing International Seminar/Conference/Symposia/Workshop, the applicant has tosubmit a clearance of foreign scholars/guests/participants from the Ministry of External Affairs,Government of India along with the application form.

6. The applicant's CV should not exceed 1500 words.7. All applications should also be submitted in electronic format along with a hard copy.8. Attach a tentative list of participants (including historians) with title of their proposed papers.9. Acceptance of Resource Persons along-with abstract of their papers.10.The complete application form-along with requisite documents should reach the Council at least

three months before the scheduled dates of the event.

II.In case of non-fulfillment of any of the Terms & Conditions, the applicant/organization will not beeligible for further support under the schemes of ICHR and will be liable to legal action.

12.Before filling up the application form please must read the Chapter on^Seminars/Workshops/Conferences of Professional Organizations of Historians' available onICHR's website in Research Funding Rules.

13. Incomplete application form shall not be entertained.

Declaration

I have read the Revised Research Funding Rules, 2017 and agree to abide by them.

Signature of the Applican^ onritncizti (X'Ansieat

''■>?iture &^risjab Uni--

Page 5 of 5 "

v; ■■■ ••V'- r .Vii.

, --i, .-s' .c-'. .-V .1;

ANNEXURE-IIi

^ TENTATIVE LIST OF THE PARTICIPANTSIVol'. Siin Kain DubeyDepU. Ill" Ancient Indian History Culture & Archaeologyhiiniiras Hindu University,VltriiMiisi - 221002

I'roC. Aniar Singhl.)cj>l. of HistoryCentral University ofHaryanaJiuU-I^ili, Mahendergarh (Haryana)Pin: 123031

Phone:9416865821

I vmail: [email protected]

IVof. R.C. Thakran

Dcptt. of History,University of Delhi,New Delhi - 110007


Department of HistoryHimachal Pardesh UniversityShimla,(H.P.)-171005

Dr. Amiteshwar Jha

Director


Nasik

Prof. Susmita Basu Mazumdar,

Dept. of AIHC & A'University of CalcuttaCalcutta

Prof. O.N. SinghDeptt. of Ancient Indian History Culture & Archaeology |Banaras Hindu University,Varanasi -221002


Prof. Suman Jain

Deptt. of Ancient Indian History Culture & ArchaeologyBanaras Hindu University,Varanasi — 221002

Dr. Danish Moin c-

^^ciate Professorof History

Maulana Azad National Urdu University1 lydcrabadTclcngana, IndiaKangareddy, Andhra Pradesh, India09527996163

D>o

i3r. Sutapa SinhaAssociate Professor

University of Calcutta,Department of Islamic History and Culture15/2/4, Jheel Road, FlatN21st Floor, SweetlandKolkatta-700075

Prof.N.K.OjhaDeptt. of Ancient Indian History Culture & ArchaeologyPanjab University, Chandigarh

Prof. Ashvini AgrawalDeptt. of Ancient Indian History Culture & ArchaeologyPanjab University, Chandigarh

Prof. Mahesh Sharma


Dr. Paru Bal Sidhu

Dept. of AIHC & APanjab UniversityChandigarh

Dr. Ashish Kumar



House No. 1401,PUSHPAC COMPLEX


Dr. Banani BhattacharyaGovernment Museum and Art Gallery


-I ^

• - • • •.

^"2.rwj, I liirhindcr Singh Saggu

Secretary Numismatic Society of Calcutta)


Arillialed with Numismatic

Society of Calcutta


{Secretary Numismatic Society of Calcutta

Mr.Anup Kumar MitraFormer President of Numis Society of CalcuttaSpace No. 02-39 B Hudco Building, 2"'' Floor,15 Nelie Sengupta Sarani,Kolkatta West Bengal [email protected]

'•C'

A

-f

PANJAB UNIVERSITY CHANDIGARH

No. GP/...!7.S^.V. /A

D a te...?/. 9. / ./.C/.

From

The Finance & Development Officer

Panjab University,

Chandigarh

To

Dr. Renu Thakur

Deptt. of Ancient Indian History

Culture & Archaeology

Panjab University. Chandigarh .

Subject: Adjustment of Advance(s)

Dear Sir/Madam,

Ttiis is to inform you that the following advance (s) standing in your namehave been adjusted. The details are given below:-

Sr.

No.

1.

Name.

Dr. Renu Thakur

Purpose of Cheque AmountAdvance No/Date (Rs.)

Advance for 816297 dated 90000/-

National Seminar

on 07-08 October

2013

:3.09.2013

Voucher No.

09/0478 dated

23.09.2013

Yours faithfully,

Office Superintendent(Acceunts- G&P),

tMP,OU:i'ANT

From

9f>

2-

The Principal Secrolary to Gov ernment H;ii*yana,Finance Department.

fo

All tlte Heads ofDcpaitmcnts in Har/atia,Registrar General. Punjab & Har>.uia Higli Court, Chandigarh.All the CommivSisioner of Division.? in IJaryana.Ail the Deputy Commissioners m Haiyanti Slate.

Memo No. 5/(5/2005-5B&C

Dated, Chandigarh the. 23'^ November. 2C 1(5

l-sthjcc-t; Incumng ofevpt-ndilure under Phui/Non-Plan sclicme.s.

Kindly refer to the Finance Depanmem's Memo No. 5/6/2005-5B&C, dated 20''' April, 20 J 6on the subject noted above vide which the Administrative Depiirtmenls were allowed to incur expenditureup ro .i5';'o in I" quarter, 20% in 2'"' quarter, 25",i in 3'" quarter and 30% in 4* quarter without any referenceon tjlis account to die Finaoci.: Dcptirlmeiu. •

die I-innncc Ouprirlmcnt luu decided to ailovv the Administrative Departmenis to incurc.vpcndimre upto 70% under Pbn/Non-Plan object heads upto end of 3'"^ quarter (i.e. 3D'December, 2016)ot ..iinent fiscal. *

riiese instruciiona may also be brouglit tc the notice of all concerned in your Depaitmenttor stifci compliance. These mstmctions are also available on the official \vcb.gite of Finance^e|)a^t^^2nllp'JAJv.fn^h^^,TO

.-■r-wv.'V'-*-—^1 —■Under Secrelaiy F inance (Budget)Jor Principal Secretaiy to Govt. Haryana,

Finance Department^tx copy is forwarded to uil the Additional Chief Sccroiarie.s/prlimipal Seci"etaries to the(/OvvrrnKni of ilnryana for inlbrmution and neccssuiy aciion.

rA

^ Undersecretary Finance (Budget)jor Principal Secjetary to Govi. Fhnyima,

Finance Depiu-tmenl 0'^

UrO. No. .vc,'2005-5B&C

All the .Additiunai Chnd hecretane^/Principal Secretaries to Govt. Haiyana.

Dated. Chandigarh, tlie 23"^ November, 2016

.r. , - J

DDO Code/Name: 2306

BUDGET AVAILABILITY REPORT

Treasury / Sub-Treasury: Chandigarh

Sector 10 Chandigarh

Date: 24/01/2019

Time: 09:39 AM

Head of Account Obj Code Description Amount

Allocated

Cumulative

ExpenditureBalance jAmount

2205-51-103-93-51-12-P-N-V 01 Salary > 1800000 1579810 220190.

2205-51-103-93-51-i2-P-N-V 02 Wages 100C000 530454 469546;

2205-51 -103-93-51-12-P-N-V 03 Deamess Allowances 200000 119064 80936^

2205-51-103-93-51-12-P-N-V 04 Travel Expenses 500000 228883 271117;

2205-51 -103-93-51-12-P-N-V 05 Office Expenses 500000 148294 351706;

. 2205-51-103-93-51-12-P-N-V 18 Maintenance 500000 0 500000^

!2205-51-103-93-51-12-P-N-V 24 Material and Supply 500000 330790 16921G-:

2205-51-103-93-51-12-P-N-V 67 Medical Reimbursement 1500000 320459 1179541;

12205-51-103-93-51-12-P-N-V 69 Contractual Service 5000000 3970450 1029550^

i 2205-51 -103-93-51-12-P-N-V 70 Leave Travel Concession 500000 0 50000G:

Scheme Total: 12000000 7228204 477179S

! 2205-51-103-94-51-12-P-N-V 01 Salary 700000 0 700000^

i 2205-51 -103-94-51 -12-P-N-V 03 Deamess Allowances 400000 0 400000

j2205-51-103-94-51-12-P-N-V 05 Office Expenses 200000 0 200000'

|2205-51 -103-94-51-12-P-N-V 24 Material and Supply 500000 150000 35000G

|2205-51-103-94-51-12-P-N-V 34 Other Charges 200000 0 200000;

1 Scheme Total: 2000000 150000 1850000:

i2205-51-103-95-51-12-P-N-V 01 Salary 800000 641885 158115,

^ 2205-51-103-95-51-12-P-N-V 03 Deamess Allowances 400000 48586 351414

; 2205-51-103-95-51-12-P-N-V 04 Travel Expenses 100000 18307 81693

i2205-51-103-95-51-12-P-N-V 05 Office Expenses 200000 22907 177093

i2205-51-103-95-51-12-P-N-VI

24 Material and Supply 100000. 1805 98195

; 2205-51-103-95-51-12-P-N-V 34 Other Charges 200000 7536 18246-i-

2205-51-103;95-51-12-P-N-V 67 Medical Reimbursement 100000 0 100000'

12205-51-103-95-51-12-P-N-V 70 Leave Travel Concession 100000 0 100000.

Scheme Total: 2000000 741026 1258S74

!22Q5-51-103-96-51-12-P-N-V1

01 Salary 4000000 797929 3202071;

; 2205-51 -103-96-51-12-P-N-V 02 Wages 5000000 646508 4353492:

i 2205-51 -103-96-51 -12-P-N-V 03 Deamess Allowances 600000 66420 533580:

' 2205-51-103-96-51 -12-P-N-V 04 Travel Expenses 200000 3181 196819

.2205-51-103-96-51-12-P-N-V 05 Office Expenses 200000 102301 97899;

,2205-51-103-96-51-12-P-N-V 09 Grant-in-Aid-General 126768000 126768000 0;

2205-51-103-96-51-12-P-N-V 18 Maintenance 20000000 4185 19995815;

'2205-51-103-96-51-12-P-N-V1

34 Other Charges 1000000 63107 936893;

j2205-51-103-96-51-12-P-NA/ 67 Medical Reimbursement 800000 0 8000001

! 2205-51-103-96-51 -12-P-N-V 69 Contractual Service 7500000 3443004 4056996!

|2205-51-103-96-51-12-P-N-V 70 Leave Travel Concession , 500000 0 500000;

;2205-51-103-96-51-12-P-N-V 92 Energy Charges 1000000 518264 481716;

1 Scheme Total: 1675S8000 132412919 35155081,

; 2205-51-103-97-99-12-P-N-V 07 Publicationsi

V

DDO Code/Name: 2306

BUDGET AVAILABILITY REPORT

Treasury / Sub-Treasury : Chandigarh

Sector 10 Chandigarh

Date: 24/01/2019

Time: 09:39 AM

2205-51-103-97-99-12-P-N-V 88 Computerisation (IT) 4500000 1375427 3124573

Scheme Total: 5000000 1495166 3504834;

2205-51-103-98-51-12-P-N-V 02 Wages 5000000 1353932 3646068;

2205-51-103-98-51-12-P-N-V 05 Office Expenses 2000000 0 2000000

2205-51-103-98-51-12-P-N-V 21 Motor Vehicle 1000000 154182 845818

2205-51-103-98-51 -12-P-N-V 24 Material and Supply 700000 0 700000

2205-51-103-98-51-12-P-N-V 34 Other Charges 300000 6308 293692

2205-51-103-98-51-12-P-N-V 45 P.O.L 600000 •369823 230177

2205-51-103-98-51-12-P-N-V ■ 51 Compensation 2500000 0 2500000

Scheme Total: 12100000 1884245 10215755

2205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 01 Salary 13000000 9403190 3596810

2205-51 -103-99-51-12-P-R-V 02 Wages 100000 46400 53600

12205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 03 Deamess Allowances 844000 751788 92212

2205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 04 Travel Expenses 300000 174058 125942

2205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 05 Office Expenses 60000 11030 48970

2205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 06 Rent, Rates and Taxes 1000 0 1000

2205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 12 Scholarships and Stipends 130000 103837 26163

2205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 21 Motor Vehicle 10000 2705 7295

2205-51 -103-99-51-12-P-R-V 24 Material and Supply 10000 0 10000

2205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 33 Professional and Special Services 10000 0 10000

2205-51 -103-99-51-12-P-R-V 34 Other Charges 50000 17895 32105

2205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 45 P.O.L 100000 41472 58528

2205-51 -103-99-51 -12-P-R-V1

67, Medical Reimbursement 1000000 212448 787552

2205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 69 Contractual Service 1300000 879618 420382

;2205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 70 Leave Travel Concession 100000 0 100000

2205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 79 Ex-Gratia 30000 0 30000

2205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 87 Honorarium 30000 0 30000

2205-51-103-99-51-12-P-R-V 98 Furniture 25000 0 25000

Scheme Total: 17100000 11644441 5455559

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♦♦

REGISTRATION FEE

(SPOT REGISTRATION]

?200for Sludcnts/Reseaich Scliolias

<500for Facullv Menibcj'S

Hegisiration FeeIncludes Certificate of

' Paper Preseiiiation/

Attendance,

Conl'evence Kit,

Brcakfas'u

Lunch

Dinner & High Tea

FUnTHER DETAILS

PLEASE CLICK ON THE OELOVJ LINK

urcli.riiLiseumb.l 972(!','gi)iaU.coinchairpei>oii_c^ica©pu.<nc.in

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Invitation to

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organized by

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY & MUSEUMS, HARYANA

In collaboration with

DEPARTMENT OF ANCIENT INDIAN HISTORY, CULTURE AND ARCHAEOLOGY, PANJAB UNIVERSITY

and

INDIAN COUNCIL OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH, NEW DELHI

U-.i-':r

Sh. Manohar LaiChief Minister, Harycna

On

26-28 February 2019f ,

at

^ 09:30 a.m.I ♦♦

rL Dr. Mulk Raj Anand Auditorium/ Panjab University, Chandigarh

are Wefcome

Gmail - Fw: Three Day workshop .

_

V»-;^

..v 1 Qft 1^ Dairy Wo.- ^ fW' _ - ?« ;•. ■,.museums1972 <[email protected]> yj iymsw

Date:

Fw. Three Day workshop | ^1 message

BANANI BHATTACHARYYA <[email protected]> Wed, Jan 2. 2019 at 4:07 PMTo: "nrch.museums1972" <[email protected]>

— Forwarded message —From: chairperson_aihca <[email protected]>To: "[email protected]" <[email protected]>Sent: Wednesday, 2 January, 2019, 3:42:26 PM 1STSubject: Three Day workshop

Department of Ancient Indian History. Culture and Archaeology.Panjab Universlty,Chandigarh-160014

The DirectorDepartment of Archaeology & Museums, Haryana,Art & Design Building, Sector-10,ChandigarhPincode-150011

Madam,

Revised date of three days workshop on '"Numismatics: Study and Research " is26th Feb to 28lh Feb 2019. The detailed program is being sent to you with this mall.

Regards

Yours faithfully,

(Prof. Renu Thakur)Chairperson

.^■*1 Workshop Program.docx45K

https://mail.googIe.cQm/niail/u/0?ik=03f9b999e7&viev/=pt&s;earch=all&penTilhid=thread-f%3A1621544648154385759&sitnpl=msg-f%3A1621544... 1/1

31

NECESSARY INFORMATION FOR SEMINAR / CONGRESS / CONFERENCE / SYMPOSIA PROPOSALFile No. 8-..../2018/Seminar

1.Title of the Seminar / Congress /Conference / Symposia

Numismatics: Study and Research

2.Date of Seminar / Congress / Conference /Symposia

26*" to 28"' February, 2019

3.

Application Form (Annexure XI) forFinancial Assistance Submitted or Not, if notplease submit.

Yes

4.If any amount sanctioned previously, thedetails thereof.

Yes (Utilization Certificate enclosed)

5.Account &Report Submitted or Not, if notplease submit.

Yes

6.Whether the Organization / University hasreceived or a for Grant from any other source.

No

7.If yes, the name of the other source and theamount of grant received or applied for

No

8. Name & Designation of Coordinator Professor Renu Tliakur

9.

Name of the FinancialAuthority in whosefavour the ICHR Grant should be release, ifgiven

Registrar Panjab University, Chandigarh

10.Bio-data of Coordinator submitted or not, ifnot please submit.

Yes

11.Name & Address of Organization / College,University Trust / NGO

Department of Ancient Indian History Culture &Archaeology, Panjab University, Chandigarh

12.Total Budget for Seminar / Congress /Conference / Symposia (In Rs.)

6,30,000/-

13.Amount asked forSeminar / Congress /Conference / Symposia from ICHR (In Rs.)

3,0'^ .)0/-

14.Whether SC / ST / OBC / PhysicallyChallenged /North East / Genl.

General

15.List of Participants with title of their paperssubmitted or not, if not please submit.

Enclosed

16. Contact No. / E-mainD

Ph: 0172-2534629

Mob: 9417121262


Place:

Date:

Name / Signature of the Coordinator

-o

THREE DAYS WORKSHOP

ON


The depaitment of Ancient Ii?r'-:9n Histoiy, Culture and Archaeology, PanjabUniversity, Chandigarh plans to organize a three days workshop on 'Numismatics:Study and Research in collaboration with the department of Archaeology andMuseums Haryana, Chandigarh. The story of coins is interwoven with the histoiy ofmankind. The needs of eai'ly man were limited but gradually families groupedthemselves into communities. Each community developed its own life style andestablished exchange relations with the communities of other regions. Initiallyexchange was limited to barter but later coins evolved. The origin of Indian coinsgoes back to the 700 BCE. The journey of making coins provides us an interestingpanorama of the monetary system Tlndia. They provide us an important informationon the history of the period. Their provenance, devices, legend, meterology andminting technique help us have insight into "important developments in coin making.A special panel discussion on coins finds from different parts of Haryana will beundertaken. This will help in the documentation of ancient coins housed in differentmuseums of Haryana. This initiative will help in unfolding the history of the region.

The workshop will focus mainly on the technology of minting coins, main features ofPunch marked coins, coins of tlie f:ido Greeks, Saka-Ksatrapas, Kushana, Gupta andPost Guptas coins. This workshop will unfold important aspects of coins and theircontribution in documenting human progress.

During the workshop there will be an exhibition of various coins and livedemonstration of various minting techniques adopted by the people of ancient timeswill be given by the experts &om the Numismatic Society of Calcutta. Thi'ough thisexhibition we will tiy to create an awareness among students of school, colleges,universities and people at large about coins and coin making. The coin collectors fromdifferent parts of India will exhibit 'heir coins.

ANNEXURE lA

To

Member Secretary,

Indian Council of Historical Research

35 Ferozeshah Road

New Delhi-n0001

Name and address of the Organizers: Prof. Renu Thakur

Dept. of Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology,

Panjab University

Chandigarh

JPhon'": •

Mouile: 9417121262

The Director

Department of Archaeology and Museum

Haryana, Chandigarh

Fax: ■ ■


Rural Urban : UrbanUrban

Class of City: X/Y/Z/Rura!

District:

State iChandigarh


Web site:

1 Nameand address of the Convener:

Prof.Renu Thakur

Dept. of Ancient Indian History,

Archaeology, Panjab University

Chandigarh •' .

Phone: 9417121262

Culture &

Zone: Nortli/SoutlVEast/West/North East

Rural Urban : Urban

Class of City: X/Y/Z/Rura!

District:

State :Chandigarh

E-

Fax:

Urban.

mail: [email protected]

Web site:

3. Theme of the Conference/SeniinarAVorkshop (Attach brief summary) (Annexure I)

Sub-Themes: Proposed Dates: 26-28 February, 2019

1. Numismatics: Study and Research

Venue:Panjab University, Chandigarh

4. Number of Participants (List of expected participants to be attached)

(In numbers) (In words)

Local 20 TAventy

Foreign

Total 20 Twenty

S.Name and Bio-data of the Coordinator/Convener (Not exceeding 1500 words): (Annexure II)

6. Category: General SC ST OBC Minorities PwD

(Pleaseattach self-attested copy oflheG?itegory/Caste/Tribe certificates from competent authority)

7. Gender: Maie/Female/Third Gender

8. Funding from other than ICHR: UGC, Panjab University, Chandigarh

Source: Applied

Amount: Rs.3,20,000/- (required from Dept. of Archaeology and Museum, Haryana.) •

9. .Detailed Revised budget indicating ainnpnt to be incurred on TA/DA, Hospitality, Transport, Stationery,

Secretarial Assistance, Typing and Xt. .xing work and other contingent expenditure etc. (Requests for

publication of the proceedings are entertained separately).

S.

No.

Item No. of

ParticipantsNo. of

Days/Meals

Rate Amount in

Rupees

1 Travel within India 40 Three Rates approved byPanjab University

App.Rs.2,00,000/-

'2 Local Transport 40 Three Rs.20/- per km App.Rs.20,000/-

3 Accommodation 40 Three App.Rs.500/-per day App.Rs.60,000/-

4 Catering Chargesa) Teab) Snacks/Breakfastc) Luncli/Dinner

40r •

Three App.Rs.33,000/- per day App.Rs.1,00,000/-

5 Seminar/Conference

material

a) Bags/Foldersb) Padsc) Pens

d) Mementose) Any other (specify)


App.Rs. 15,000/-



40 App.Rs. 10,000/- forbanners+Rs.40,000/-other work i.e.

printing/xeroxing

App.Rs.50,000/-




c) Flax / Bannerd) Sound Systeme) Others

40 Three App.Rs. 15,000/- forbooking of auditorium+Rs.5,000/- for soundsystem+ Rs.5,000/- forphotography

App.Rs.25,000/-

8 Wooden Cabinet 10 Rate per wooden cabinetApp.Rs. 10,000/-

Rs. 1,00,000/-

9 Contingency (notexceeding 5 % of" totalGrant)

'

App.Rs.30,000/-


Other work App,Rs.30,000/-


*PIease consult Guidelines for preparing the funding details.

10. Amount expected from the ICHR Rs.3,00,000/-

11. Name of Authority in whose favour the ICHR grant should be released if given: The Registrar,PanjabUniversity,Chandigarh

12. Whether the Organization/Department/Institution has received or applied for ICHR grant earlier give

details (File No. Year and Topic). File No. : Cash/563A/Grant/ICHR/20]2-13 dated 27.06.2013 Year:October Topic: Archaeology and Literature: Interpreting Early Indian History

13. Institutional Funding

Own Contribution Amount sought

Rs. 1,00,000/-

Amount sanctioned by the institution

Funding from other sources: NA

Name of organization Amount sought Amount sanctioned

14. The following is to be filled only if the applicant is a professional organization: NA

a. Year of establishment of the professional organization of the historians (please enclose a certifiedcopy of the registration of documents/signed MOA etc.) NA

b. Whether the organization is functioning at National/Regional/State/Local Level .

c. Aims and objectives of the organization (Attach a copy duly signed by the authorized sigriatories).

d. Activities of the organization/institution in the past three years (On a separate sheet).

e: Number of members of the organization.

f. Main source of funds of the organ'" r "on.

g. Financial status (Attach copy of audited statement of accounts for the last financial year).

I hereby certify that the above information is correct to the best of my knowledge and that I shall abide by theTerms & Conditions as laid down in the guidelines of the schemes.

Signature of the Applicant

Date:

Name (block letters): RENU THAKUR

Designation: PROFESSOR

AddreSS:DEPT. OF ANCIENT INDIAN HISTORY, ,JLTURE& ARCHAEOLOGY

Signature of the Head of the Institution/Organization

(Seal)

Date:

Name (block letters):

Designation:

Address:

N.B.

1.The application should be forwarded by the Head of the Institute/Organization viz.Director/Registrar/President/Chairman/Principal, etc. duly signed and stamped.

2. In case of approval, the funds will be released to the forwarding Institution/Organization.3. NGOs should enclose the NGO profile along with relevant documents.i) The registered Societies/NGOs should upload their details and registration certificate on the

Government of India's NitiAayog web portal. Also, hereafter such bodies should submit theirregistration certificate to the ICHR along with application forms.

ii) The NGOs/Registered Societies should submit their organization's last three years auditedstatement of accounts duly certified by the Finance Authority of the concerned bodies/departments alongwith application form.

4. The applicant should submit statemei: of accounts and utilization certificate along with bill/vouchersduly signed by the authorized officer of the institutions/society/NGO for the previous year grant receivedfrom ICHR.

5. In case of organizing International Seminar/Conference/Symposia/Workshop, the applicant has to submita clearance of foreign scliolars/guests/participants from the Ministry of External Affairs, Governmentof India along with the application form.

ur -i"-' ■■

6. The applicant's CV should not exceed 1500 words.7. All applications should also be submitted in electronic format along with a hard copy.8. Attach a tentative list of participants (including historians) with title of their proposed papers.9. Acceptance of Resource Persons along-with absn-n.ct of their papers.10.The complete application form along with requijiie documents should reach the Council at least three

months before the scheduled dates of the event.

1 l.In case of non-fulfillment of any of the Terms & Conditions, the applicant/organization will not beeligible for further support under the schemes of ICHR and will be liable to legal action.

12.Before filling up the application form please must read the Chapter on'Seminars/Workshops/Conferences of Professional Organizations of Historians' available on ICHR'swebsite in Research Funding Rules.

13.Incomplete application form shall not be entertained.

Declaration

1 have read the Revised Research Funding Rules, 20' c.nd agree to abide by them.

Signature of the Applicant

4

ANNEXURE-I

Programme of the Workshop

VENUE:

26''* Febnmry, 2019

INAUGURATION

Welcome

Inlroduclion to the theme of the workshop

Inaugural address

Key Note

Vote of thanks

Tea Break 11.45 am-12.30 pm

Inauguration of Exhibition and Workshop by Ilon'ble Vicc-Chanccllor, PanjabUnivcrsily,ChandigarIi


Evolution and Antiquity of Coins Daily 10.01) am to 5.00 pm


TECHNICAL SESSION II 2.30 pm - 4.00pm

Punch Marked Coins



27"' February. 2019

TECHNICAL SESSION HI 10.00 am - 1.30 pm



TECHNICAL SESSION IV 2.30 pm-4.00pm

Tribal Coins

28'" February. 2019


TECHNICAL SESSION V

Coins of the Indo-Grecks and Shakas


TECHNICAL SESSION VI 2.30 pm- 4.00 pm

Exhibition

Coins of ICushans/Gupta/Post Gupta


• ■

ANNEXURE-II

TENTATIVE LIST OF THE PARTICIPANTS

Prof. Sita Ram DubeyDeptt.of Ancient Indian History Culture & ArchaeologyBanaras Hindu University,Varanasi - 221002

Prof Amar SinghDept. of HistoryCentral University of HaryanaJant-Pali, Mahendergarh (Haryana)Pin; 123031

Phone: 9416865821


Prof R.C. Thakran

Deptt.of History, ■ •University of Delhi,New Delhi - 110007 ' '

Prof. La.Kman. S. Thakur - ■ - -

Department of HistoryHimachal Pardesh UniversityShimla(H.P.)-171005

Dr. AmiieshwarJha

Director


Nasik

ProfSusmitaBasuMazumdar, .^Dept. ofAlHC & AUniversity of CalcuttaCalcutta

Prof O.N. Singh ■ ■Deptt.of Ancient Indian History Culture & ArchaeologyBanaras Hindu University,Varanasi -221002


Prof. Suman Jain

Deptt.of Ancient Indian History Culture & ArchaeologyBanaras Hindu University,Varanasi-221002


National Museum

Calcutta

Dr. Danish Moin

It

Associate Professor

Dept. of HistoryMauiana Azad National Urdu UniversityHyderabadTelengana, IndiaRangareddy, Andhra Pradesh, India09527996163 \

Dr. SutapaSinhaAssociate Professor

University of Calcutta,Department of Islamic History and Culture15/2/4, Jheel Road, Flat N21st Floor, SweetlandKolkatta-700075

Prof. N.K. OjhaDeptt.of Ancient Indian History Culture & ArchaeologyPanjab University, Chandigarh

Prof. AshviniAgrawalDeptt.of Ancient Indian History Culture & . ..chaeologyPanjab University, Chandigarh

Prof. Mahesh Sharma

Deptt.of Evening StudiesPanjab University,Chandigarh

Dr. ParuBalSidhu

Dept. ofAIHC&APanjab UniversityChandigarh

Dr. Ashish Kumar


Prof. DavendraHanda

House No. 1401, PUSHPAC COMPLEX


Dr. Banani Bhattacharya

Government Museum and Art Gallery


Mr. Harbinder Singh Saggu(Joint Secretary Numismatic Society of Calcutta)


Aniliated with Numismatic

Society of Calcutta



Mr.Anup Kumar MitraFormer President ofNumis Society of CalcuttaSpace No. 02-39 B Hudco Building, 2'"^ Floor,15 NelieSenguptaSarani,Kolkalta West Bengal [email protected]

Key Note Speaker

Dr. AmiteshwarJha,Director, Ina.an Institute for Research in Numismatic Studies,

Nasik has kindly agreed to speak on the topic From Anonymous to identifiable

Beginning of inscribed indigenous Coins of India as per telephonic talk.

ABSTRACT

IndorKhera: A Numismatic Construct

Dr. ParuBalSidhu,

Associate Professor

Department of Ancient Indian HistoryCulture& Archaeology

• Panjab University, Chandigarh

The site of IndorKhera is located in the Anupshahr tehsil of district Bulandshahr in

Uttar Pradesh. IndorKheralies between the river Kali Nadi and the Ganges.

Investigations of IndorKhera and three adjoining mounds of Kundanpura, Ahirpura and

Vaidya-pura were initiated as early as 1874-75 by A.C.L. Carrlayle. More recent survey

and excavation of the site was undertaken from 2004-2010. Numerous artefacts, ecofacts

and structures were unearthed in the exr"'orations and excavations with numismatic

evidence being a very important component of the earlier and more recent work at the

site. The settlements occupational history stretches from 1000 B.C. to

thirteentli/fourteenth centuries A.D. The earliest coins from the site also punch-marked

coins. The site also yielded Kushan,

Gupta and Early Medieval period coins. This rich plethora of numismatic evidence has

corroborated the artefactual and structural evidence in constructing the history of an

important settlement in the upper Gangetic plain from the early historic period onwards.

Prof.SusmitaBasuMazumdar,Dept. of AIHC & AUniversity of CalcuttaCalcutta

As per telephonic talk she will speak on "Probe into the Non issues in

Numismatics". She is an expert in the field of Numismatics.

53

Dr. BenudharaPatra

As per telephonic talk Dr. Patn- ill speak on Numismatics and the

Maritime trade on the East coast of India during the ancient period.

Prof. Amar Singh(Retd. from MDU, Rohtak)

As per telephonic talk Prof. Amar Singh will speak on "Indian Tradition

and Archaeology"

Dr. Banani BhattacharyyaDy. Director

Department of Archaeology & Museums, Haryana

Symbols in Yaudheya Coins recovered from Haryana.

Abstract

Yaudheyaswere the famous tribal republic of ancient India. They derived their name fromthe word

yudha which means [UTF-8?]a€~wara€™ and accordingly Yaudheya means a class ofwarriors. The

earliest reference to these people is available in the [UTF-8?]Paninla€™sAstadhyayi where they havebeen mentioned as an ayudhajivlsangha, I.e. apeople living by profession of arms. There are severalIndian literature wherethey have been mentioned in several times. The Yaudheyas formed in the landbetween the Indus river andthe Gan-=es river called., 'Bahudhanyaka&#39: with their capital inKhokrakot(Rohtak) in Haryana. Inti.e Mahabharata, the land Bahudhanyaka is stated to be amongthe countriessubjugated by Nakula, the fourth Pandava in his conquest.Bahudhanyaka y/as the firstto fall in Nakulas in of the western directiontoward Sakastan, which agrees with the Rohtak-

Hisararea. Thecoins of the Yaudheyas are found almost all over the region of Haryana,■ Punjab,Himachal Pradesh Western Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan. Perhaps Haryana'is'theonly state

in India where maximum number of sites has yielded Yaudheyacoins.These coins are made of

copper. All the Yaudheya coins range from 2nd centuryB.C. to 3rd-4th century A.D.

Laxman S Thakur

Shimla

Representation of Architectural Edifices on Some Janapada Coins and their

Comparison with the Surviving Remnants

Ah:;tfact

The paper tries to Interpret the form and variety of structures appearing on

some coins of the Audumbara and Tvlgartajanapadas. A number of

interpretations have been offered on these structures by several scholars,

including Alexander Cunningham, R. D. Banerji, John Allan, V. A. Smith, A. K.

Codmaraswamy among others, but largely their exact identifications remain

unclear. The paper, illustrates .some of the wxisting edifices in the western

Himalayan region with those appearing on the Audumbara and Trigarta coins

and offers a comparative analysis

i

SI -'

Professor G.C.Chauhan

DES-MDRC.P.U. Chandicarh

Ancient Indian Coins and the Theory of Indian Feudalism

Abstract

Coins are one of the most significant sources of information from which archaeologists and

historians can try to interpret the £ .ent Indian past. Coins offer a paradigm of evidence

and it Is partly because, unlike most other ancient artifacts, they are often stamped v/ith

words, images and symbols. Ancient Indian coins conjure up marketplaces along the Silk

Road, the trade route that connected the East and west.

Aj I

XV'.'-

Urbanization in Punjab : Archaeological, Sigillographic and

Numismatic Evidences

It is doubtful if there was any urbanization during the so called first

urbanization in Punjab but the second urbanization, though mainly concentratedin Ganga-Yamuna doab, had its impact in the present day Panjab. This

tranformed the rural culture into the urbanized centres leading to the

urbanization.

Numismatic evidences provide us deep insight into the urbanization of a

particular area. These evidences are far more important when there is a dearth ofother archaeological data. Oftenly we f af. that excavations are conducted but nodetailed reports are published and Punjab is a classic example of this apathy. Insuch a scenario, the numismatic evidences become more important. Discovery of

coins from explorations and their occurrence from stratified deposits during

excavations have their immense value. Stray finds, hoards, treasure trove etc.,

have their own role in the rural and urban economy of a region.c

Panjab is such region where there are a large number of coin bearing sitesand these researches have been documented by the researchers.

Earlier Cunningham, Rodgers, Stacy and hosts of European writers have collectedcoins from Punjab and at time listed their provenance. This data coupled witharchaeological, sigilgraphical, palaeo bc,.,tnical and literary evidences can help usto study the urbanization in a holistic manner.

Prof. Manmohan Kumar

M.D.U., Rohtak

Prcf. DevanderHanda

(Retd. from Dept. of O&A, Panjab University, Chandigarh)

As per telephonic talk Prof. DevanderHanda will speak on "Coins from

Harayana"

j'/-i "

Annexure-I

Institute / University Account Petails:-D

C

alry No;-.

FMS No:-.. I.. •

A.

" I'.S

it'V .

:

NAME'OF THE PI, TITLE'& FILE NO.'

NAME OF ■ THE ACCOUNT.

HOLDER/DESIGNATION tv,

the Registrar

COMPLETE CONTAa ADDRESS- ''

V ••

Panjab-. University, - Sector-14

Chandigsrh-160014TELEPHONE NUMBER/FAX/EMAIL 0172-2541716. 2534867 fax:. 0172-;

2783335 - -

PAN NUMBER 1 ■. _ AAAJP0325R

[email protected] ^. ■■ -A. ■ .. . '. '■ ■ ■ . ■ v; HJ

*, B, BANK ACGOUNT DETAiLS- ■ . J .BANK NAm;e'5;M . - State Bank of India 'BRANCH _NAME)wITH COMPLETE ADDRESS,TELEPHONE NUMBER AND EMAlb " ' ^

SB!, Panjab UniversityXarnpus Sector-14,'Chandigarh-160014

;tYPE , OF::r^r, ,. ,.BANK^ - i^CCOUNT:fSB/CURRENT/CASH'CREDlf WITH 10/11/13)' '

Plans/Scheme/Projects36977803002 Saving A/C

^COMPLETE BANK" ACCOUNT NUMBER (NEW)' 36977803002RTGS/IFSC CODEOF THE BRANCH^ •• ' SB! Nda00742 ' ' ' , a

^MICRCode./M f ■ iBopq2ba9' ,

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{ . ^ 1' • 1J . > !•.Date: Signature of thgcwojWW^

Institute in whfiSSib&m'fi. Released " ;

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^ are correct as per our reconds

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/ ' -'■ ; Signauirc of the Xtffiyi&O^■ ■■-- L, ' .'-siW/k" . Bank (with Bank'sv^^ftfrtt^i^l- ' .- - • , • ?••'

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^4 rir'ilTar 'r S l I°I ' I

o

4From

Additional Chief Secretary to Govt., Haryana,Archaeology and Museums Department,Chandigarh.

To

•Vfhe Director,Archaeology & Museums Deptt.Haryana, I ' jChandigarh. - 0 [^^^0Memo No.l8/10-2012-Pura/ '9^ ^2-,/

oSl^hc ^Subject: Administrative approval of Rs.3.00/-Lacs (Rs. Three Lacs only)

Sanction of Governor of Haryana is hereby accorded for the incurringof expenditure of amounting to Rs.3.00 Lacs (Rs. Three Lacs only) for three daysworkshop on 'NumismaticsiStudy and Research' by the Department of AncientIndian History, Culture and Archaeology, Punjab University, Chandigarh on26.02.2019 to 28.02.2019 in collaboration with this department. The amount willbe deposited in their account after receiving account details.

The charges will be debit able to the Major Head '2205-Art &Culture-103- Archaeology - Revenu Non Recurring - Publicity /Publication Sub -Head Tublication' during the year 2018-19.

Dheera Khandelwal, IASDated: 10.12.2018 for Additional Chief Secretary to Govt., Haryana,

Archaeology and Museums Deptt.

EndstNo. 18/10-2012-Pura/ Dated:

A copy of the above is forwarded to the following for information andnecessary action:-1. Accountant General, Haryana, Chandigarh. ' • .2. Tresury Officer, Haryana, Chandigarh.3. Chairperson,Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and

Archaeology, Punjab University, Chandigarh with request to providecomplete bank detail immedietaly.

AccountTOfficer

for Additional Chief Secretary to Govt., Haryana,c^2-A,rchaeology and Museums Deptt.

Ci 562

From

To

Additional Chief Secretary to Govt.,' Haryana,Archaeology and Museums Department,Chandigarh.

The Director,Archaeology & Museums Deptt.Haryana,Chandigarh.Memo No.l8/10-2012-Pura/q-^qS'9 6

Dated:

Subject: Administrative approval of Rs.3.00/-Lacs (Rs. Three Lacs only)

Sanction of Governor of Haryana is hereby accorded for the incurringof expenditure of amounting to Rs.3.00/-Lacs (Rs. Three Lacs only) for three daysworkshop on 'Numismatics:Study SidTlesearch' by the Department of AncientIndian History, Culture and Archaeology, Punjab University, Chandigarh on26.02.2019 to 28.02.2019 in collaboration with this department. The amount willbe deposited in their account after receiving account details.

The charges will be debit able to the Major Head '2205-Art &Culture-103- Archaeology - Revenu Non Recurring - Publicity /Publication Sub -Head 'Publication' during the year 2018-19.

Dheera Khandelwal, IAS

Dated: 10.12.2018 for Additional Chief Secretary to Govt., Haryana,Archaeology and Museums Deptt.

EndstNo. 18/10-2012-Pura/ Dated: 08 |o| ||«}A copy of the above is forwarded to the following for information and

necessary action:-

■1. Accountant General, Haryana, Chandigarh.2. Tresury Officer, Haryana, Chandigarh.3. Chairperson,Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and

Archaeology, Punjab University, Chandigarh with request to providecomplete bank detail immedietaly.

y AccountgTjfficer^4br Additional Chief Secretary to Govt., Haryana,


DIRECTORATE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND MUSEUMS, HARYANA.CHANDIGARH

ORDER

In pursuance of administrative approval No. 18/10-2012-Pura/ 4793-96dated 8.01.2019 ; Sanction is hereby accorded under Rule 19.6 Sr. No.l of PER Vol.1 Hand book No. 2 to incurring of expenditure of amounting to Rs.3.00 Lacs (Rs.Three Lacs only) for three days workshop on 'Numismatics: Study and Research'by the Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, PunjabUniversity, Chandigarh on 26.02.2019 to 28.02.2019 in collaboration with thisdepartment. The amount will be deposited in their account as per detail givenbelow:-

1. Name of Account The Registrar

2. Name of Banlc: SBI, Panjab University Campus, Sector 14,

Chandigarh-160014.

3. Account No.: 36977803002

4. PANNo. :AAAJP0325R

5. IFSC CODE : SBIN0000742

6. MICRCode: 160002009

The charges will be debit able to the Major-Head '2205-Art & Culture-

103- Archaeology - Revenu Non Recurring - Publicity /Publication Sub -Head'Publication' during the year 2018-19.


Dated: 13 .02.2019 for Additional Chief Secretary to Govt., Haryana,Archaeology and Museums Deptt.

EndstNo. 18/10-20I2-Pura/S^Gu Dated:

A copy of the above is fomarded to the following for information andnecessary action:-

1. Accountant General, Haryana, Chandigarh.2. The Treasuy Officer, Haryana, Chandigarh.3. Bill Assistant of this office.

4. Cashier of this office

Accounts

for Additional Chief SecretaiytS Gbvt., Haryana,Archaeology and Museums Deptt.

/r ^

DIRECTORATE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND MUSEUMS. HARYANA.

CHANDIGARH

ORDER

In pursuance of administrative approval No. 18/10-2012-Pura/ 4793-96dated 8.01.2019 ; Sanction is hereby accorded under Rule 19.6 Sr. No.l of PER Vol.1 Hand book No. 2 to incurring of expenditure of amounting to Rs.3.00 Lacs (Rs.Three Lacs only) for three days workshop on 'Numismatics: Study and Research'by the Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, PunjabUniversity, Chandigarh on 26.02.2019 to 28.02.2019 in collaboration with thisdepartment. The amount will be deposited in their account as per detail givenbelow:-

1. Name of Account.: The Registrar

2. Name of Bank: SBI, Panjab University Campus, Sector 14,

Chandigarh-160014.

3. Account No.: 36977803002

4. PAN No. :AAAJP0325R


6. MICRCode: 160002009

The charges will be debit able to the Major Head '2205-Art & Culture-

103- Archaeology - Revenu Non Recurring - Publicity /Publication Sub -Head

'Publication' during the year 2018-19.


Dated: .02.2019 for Additional Chief Secretary to Govt., Haryana,Archaeology and Museums Deptt.


A copy of the above is forwarded to the following for information andnecessary action:-

1. Accountant General, Haryana, Chandigarh.2. The Treasuy Officer, Haryana, Chandigarh.3. Bill Assistant of this office.


Accounts Officer

for Additional Chief Secretary to Govt., Haryana,Archaeology and Museums Deptt.

6*1^ >

DIRECTORATE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND MUSEUMS, HARYANA,

CHANDIGARH

^ ORDER

In pursuance of administrative approval No. 18/10-2012-Pura/ 4793-96dated 8.01.2019 ; Sanction is hereby accorded under Rule 19.6 Sr. No.l of PER Vol.1 Hand book No. 2 to incuiTing of expenditure of amounting to Rs.3.00 Lacs (Rs.Three Lacs only) for three days workshop on 'Numismatics: Study and Research'by the Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, PunjabUniversity, Chandigarh on 26.02.2019 to 28.02.2019 in collaboration with thisdepartment. The amount will be deposited in their account as per detail givenbelow:-


2. Name of Bank: SBI, Panjab University Campus, Sector 14,

Chandigarh-160014.

3. Account No.: 36977803002



6. MICRCode: 160002009


103- Archaeology - Revenu Non Recurring - Publicity /Publication Sub -Head

'Publication' during the year 2018-19.

Dheera Khandelwal, IASDatecUT^ .02.20 \9y/ for Additional Chief Secretary to Govt., Haryana,

V Archaeology and Museums Deptt.EndstNo. 18/10-2012-Pura/'5^^ Dated:

A copy of the above is forwarded to the fiSTfowmg for information andnecessary action:--^yrC^ccountant General, Haryana, Chandigarh.

2. The Treasuy Officer, Haryana, Chandigarh.3. Bill Assistant of this office.


Accounts

for Additional Chief Secretary t\ Govt., Haryana,^Archaeology and Mus^ms Deptt.

LS

4

DIRECTORATE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND MUSEUMS. HARYANA,CHANDIGARH

^ ORDER

In pursuance of administrative approval No. 18/10-20I2-Pura/ 4793-96dated 8.01.2019 ; Sanction is hereby accorded under Rule 19.6 Sr. No.l of PER Vol.1 Hand book No. 2 to incurring of expenditure of amounting to Rs.3.00 Lacs (Rs.Three Lacs only) for three days workshop on 'Numismatics: Study and Research'by the Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, PunjabUniversity, Chandigarh on 26.02.2019 to 28.02.2019 in collaboration with thisdepartment. The amount will be deposited in their account as per detail givenbelow:-


2. Name of Bank:- SBI, Panjab University Campus, Sector 14,Chandigarh-160014.

3. Account No.: 36977803002



6. MICRCode: 160002009

The charges will be debit able to the Major Head '2205-Art & Culture-103- Archaeology - Revenu Non Recurring - Publicity /Publication Sub -Head'Publication' during the year 2018-19.


Dated: 13 .02.2019 for Additional Chief Secretary to Govt., Haryana,Archaeology and Museums Deptt.

EndstNo. 18/10-2012-Pura/-5"c3o^-to5ijcsg- Dated:A copy of the above is forwarded to the following for information and

necessary action:-1. Accountant General, Haryana, Chandigarh.

Treasuy Officer, Haryana, Chandigarh.3. Bill Assistant of this office.


Accoun^^ffl^for Additional Chief Secr^taJy Govt., Haryana,


4

DIRECTORATE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND MUSEUMS. HARYANA.CHANDIGARH

574

A\ ORDER

In pursuance of administrative approval No. 18/10-2012-Pura/ 4793-96dated 8.01.2019 ; Sanction is hereby accorded under Rule 19.6 Sr. No.l ofPFRVol.1 Hand book No. 2 to incurring of expenditure of amounting to Rs.3.00 Lacs (Rs.Three Lacs only) for three days workshop on 'Numismatics: Study and Research'by the Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, PunjabUniversity, Chandigarh on 26.02.2019 to 28.02.2019 in collaboration with thisdepartment. The amount will be deposited in their account as per detail givenbelow:-


2. Name of Bank: SBl, Panjab University Campus, Sector 14,Chandigarh-160014.

3. Account No.: 36977803002



6. MICRCode: 160002009

The charges will be debit able to the Major Head '2205-Art & Culture-103- Archaeology - Revenu Non Recurring ~ Publicity /Publication Sub -Head'Publication' during the year 2018-19.


Dated: 13.02.2019 for Additional Chief Secretary to Govt., Haryana,Archaeology and Museums Deptt.

EndstNo. 18/10-2012-Pura/5'^(rrf '40^1^3 Dated: f 5A copy of the above is forwarded to the following for information and

necessai7 action:-1. Accountant General, Haryana, Chandigarh.2. The Treasuy Officer, Haryana, Chandigarh.

^_3^^^ill Assistant of this office.4. Cashier of this office

Accounts-^ffisii^i^for Additional Chief Secretarym^ Haryana,

.Archaeology and Mus^ms Deptt.

Cn* ,

DIRECTORATE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND MUSEUMS. HARYANA,CHANDIGARH

\ ORDER

In pursuance of administrative approval No. 18/10-2012-Pura/ 4793-96dated 8.01.2019 ; Sanction is hereby accorded under Rule 19.6 Sr. No.l ofPFR Vol.1 Hand book No. 2 to incurring of expenditure of amounting to Rs.3.00 Lacs (Rs.Three Lacs only) for three days workshop on 'Numismatics: Study and Research'by the Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, PunjabUniversity, Chandigarh on 26.02.2019 to 28.02.2019 in collaboration with thisdepartment. The amount will be deposited in their account as per detail givenbelow:-

1. Name ofAccount.; The Registrar

2. Name of Bank: SBI, Panjab University Campus, Sector 14,Chandigarh-160014.

3. Account No.: 36977803002



6. MICRCode: 160002009

The charges will be debit able to the Major Head '2205-Art & Culture-103- Archaeology - Revenu Non Recurring - Publicity /Publication Sub -Head'Publication' during the year 2018-19.


Dated: 13 .02.2019 for Additional Chief Secretaiy to Govt., Haryana,Archaeology and Museums Deptt.


A copy of the above is forwarded to the following for infomation andnecessary action:-

1. Accountant General, Haryana, Chandigarh.2. The Treasuy Officer, Haryana, Chandigarh.3. Bill Assistant of this office. \

^,4<^ashier of this office ^

Accoun'i^

for Additional Chief SecretarjU^^Govt., Haryana,Archaeology and'.Museums Deptt.

(To be substituted bearing the same No. and Date)DIRECTORATE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND MUSEUMS, HARYANA,

CHANDIGARH

ORDER

In pursuance of administrative approval No. 18/10-2012-Pura/ 4793-96dated 8.01.2019 ; Sanction is hereby accorded under Rule 19.6 Sr. No.l of PFR Vol.1 Hand book No. 2 to incurring of expenditure of amounting to Rs.3.00 Lacs (Rs.Three Lacs only) for three days workshop on '"Numismatics: Study and Research'by the Departihent of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, PunjabUniversity, Chandigarh on 26.02.2019 to 28.02.2019 in collaboration with thisdepartment. The amount will be deposited in their account as per detail givenbelow:-


2. Name of Bank: SBI, Panjab University Campus, Sector 14, Chandigarh-

160014.

3. Account No.: 36977803002



6. MlCRCode: 160002009


103- Archaeology - Revenu Noh Recuixing -- Excavation/Exploration Programme

Sub -Head 'O.E' during the year 2018-19.

Dheera Kliandelwal, IASDated: 23.02.2019 Additional Chief Secretaiy to Govt, Haryana,

Archaeology and Museums Deptt.EndstNo. 18/10-2012-Pura/5204-5207 Dated:18.02.19/25.02.2019


1. Accountant General, Haryana, Chajidigarh.2. The Treasuy Officer, Haryana, Chandigarh.3. Bill Assistant of this office.


j A.ccountkj y^for Additional Chief SecretanU:e'0t5^., Haryana,^ - Archaeology and Museums Deptt.

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Invitation to

^T^ree C^orkshop0)1

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c^^umismatics: Q&tiidp ard (^^'earch

rT

organized by

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY & N USEUMS, HARYANA

In collaboration wilt

DEPARTMENT OF ANCIENT INDIAN HISTORY CULTURE AND ARCHAEOLOGY, PANJAB UNIVERSITY

and I

iNiDlAN CCUNCIl Ur liiSTORICAL REhcARCH, NEW iicLMl

Sh. Manohar LaiChief Minister, Haryano

On. :-3

26-28 February 2019 l

■nI 09:30 a.m. JI; al 4

Dr. Mulk Ra] Anand AuditoriumI Panjab University, Chandigarh i|

J "Hmi lit'iM

All 3re Welcome

Display Advt. No. 20S8

Subject Advertisctncnt of workshop archaeology and Museum

Name of Occasion Advertisement of workshop archaeology and Museum

Date of Release 22-02-2019

Date of Publication 23-02-2019

INFORMATION, PUBLIC RELATIONS AND LANGUAGESName of Client DEPARTMENT, HARYANA

It is submitted that advertisement section has received a colored advenisemcnt from

the office of archaeologj' and Museum through print media section with the requestRemarks to publish the the advertisement on 23-02-2019. The design of the advertisement has

been prepared by the print media section and a proposed media plan as per therequirement of the client department and as directed has been prepared and is placedbelow for approval/sanction please.

SrNo Newspaper Rate Size AmountCfflqr

B&W

Color

Extra

Total

Amount

English

I Indian Express.DeIhi/Chd 87.69 561 49,194.09 Color 19,677.63 68,871.72

2 The Tnbune,Chandigarh/Jalandhar 123.78 561 69,440.58 Color 27,776.23 97,216.81

Hindi

3Dainik

Bhaskar,Chd./HsrJPpt./Fbd./Rwr./Rtk.257.09 561 1,44,227.49 Color 57,690.99 2,01,918.48

4 Dainik Jagrao,Delhi/Chandigarh 231.81 561 1,30,045.41 Color 52,018.16 1,82,063.57

5 Dainik IVibune,Chandigarh 12.47 561 6,995.67 Color 2,798.26 9,793.93

Grand Total 3,99,903.24 1,59,961.29 5,59,864.53

Expenditure Details Amount ? 5,59,864.53

Total( Amount + GST 5% )? 5,87,858.00 (Rupees Five Lakh Eighty Seven Thousands

Eight Hundred Fifty Eight Only)

Funds available under budget head"2220-InfomialloD and Publicity-60 Others-103 Press

Information Services- 08-Advertising •& Publicity " for theyear-2018-2019.

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Utilisation Certificate1 message

chairperson_aihca <[email protected]> Fri, Jun 14, 2019 at 4:46 PMTo: [email protected]: [email protected]

Department of Ancient Indian History Culture & ArchaeologyPanjab University, Chandigarh

Dear Madam,

I am enclosing herewith the Utilisation Certificate of three day workshop on'Numismatics: Study and Research'.

Prof. Renu Thakur

Chairperson

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434

From

Director,

Archaeology & Museums, Department,Haryana, Chandigarh.

To

The Pricipal Accountant General, Haryana,Chadigarh.

Memo No. 18/10-2012- Pura/^flS"Dated: 2.5-j o 6

Subject: Utilization certificate of Rs. 3.00 Lacs.

Kindly reference to the subject cited above.

A sum of Rs.3.00 Lacs (Rs. Three Lacs only) was sanctioned toChairperson, Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology,Punjab University, Chandigarh in connection with thi'ee days workshop onNumismatics 'Study and Research' vide sanction. No. 18/10-2012- Pura/ 5204-5207 dated 18.02.2019.

In this conncection, the copy of utilization certificate received from

Chairperson, Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology,

Punjab University, Chandigarh is sent herewith for your kind perusals.

A Deputy DirectorDirector, Archaeology & Museums,

Haryana, Chandigarh.

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above.

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40 2610957, 2613211, 2615382 4o 0172-2603824THE I'r- ACCOrM AN T GENERAL (A&E) HARVANA,

kX"* l\kha HHAWAiN, PLO I NOs. 4 & 5, SECTOR J3-B~ \ C:HANniCARH-l60 020Ixiâm: HIS.AV. EI'AB.X No.: 2614957. 26J321!, 2615382 l-!i.\ .No.:(l172-26(13X24

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PrY(U-h^/firyci,.^ OlkA€J<lM

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Utilization Certificate of Rs. 3 Lakh.4.

Reference yourjîemo No. 18/10-20'l2;Pura/7495 dated 25 06-20.19 on ihc iûbjecl ciled

f^lease arrange to supf^;; voucher no .-;•' .? (late vide v^'hi :n the amount was drav^^n urgenU' s'that UCcouid be posted in the record of thi.s-?ff .sr.-.

/> Accounts Ofucer (Oepiw.','

w

\ From

The Director,

Archaeology & Museums Department,Haryana, Art-Design Building Sector-10,Chandigarh.

To

The Accountant General (A&E) Haryana,Lelcha Bhawan, Plot No. 4&5, Sector 33-B,Chandigarh.

Memo No. 18/10-2012-Pura/

Dated;

Subject: Utilization Certificate of Rs.3.00 Lakh

Refer to your letter No. Deposit/2205/uc^ouch No./227 Dated 14August 2019 the subject cited above.

Please find tl^ctail o^closed the copy of T.V. No. and

Sanction the detail of which is as under:-

1. Sanction No. 18/10-2019-Pura/5204-5207 Dated: 18.02.19/25.02.2019

2. Amount^ 3.00 Lakh

3. T.V. No. 000048 Dated 28.02.2019.

It is for your kind information please. [\

/ Account Officer

^lor Director Archaeology & Museums,Haryana, Chandigarh.

I (To be substituted bearing the same No. and Date)DIRECTORATE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND MUSEUMS. HARYANA,

CHANDIGARH

- ORDER

In pursuance of administrative approval No. 18/10-2012-Pura/ 4793-96dated 8.01.2019 ; Sanction is hereby accorded under Rule 19.6 Sr. No.l ofPFR Vol.1 Hand book No. 2 to incurring of expenditure of amounting to Rs.3.00 Lacs (Rs.Three Lacs only) for three days workshop On 'Numismatics: Study and Research'by the Departrhent of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, PunjabUniversity, Chandigarh on 26.02.2019 to 28.02.2019 in collaboration with thisdepartment. The amount will be deposited in their account as per detail givenbelow:-


2. Name of Bank: SBI, Panjab University Campus, Sector 14, Chandigarh-160014.

3. Account No.; 36977803002. -



6. MJCRCode: 160002009

The charges will be debit able toThe Major Head '2205-Art & Culture-

103- Archaeology - Revenu Non Recurring'- Excavation/Exploration Programme

Sub -Head 'O.E' during the year 2018-19.


Dated: 23.02.2019 Additional Chief Secretary to Go vt., Haryana,Archaeology and Museums Deptt.

EndstNo. 18/10-2012-Pura/5204-5207 Dated:18.02.19/25.02.2019


1. Accountant General, Haryana, Chandigarh.2. The Treasuy Officer, Haryana, Chandigarh.

Bill Assistant of this office.j.


Accounts'^^i^^^for Additional Chief SecretanUo-GS^., Haryana,^^ - Archaeology and Museums Deptt.

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10/7/2019 ^ •, AGma^- Ajj^cation for Financial Assistance for holding a two day workshop

4* CFWS Archaeology Haryana <[email protected]>h-Datei-

Sagf Assistance for holding a two day workshop

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chairperson_aihca<[email protected]>To; [email protected] Oct 4, 2019 at 4:15 PM

Departr^ent of Ancient Indian History. Culture & ArchaeologyPanjab University, Chandigarh

The Director

Department of Archaeology & Museums. HaryanaArt & Design Building. Sector-10,Chandigarh

Subject: Application for Financial Assistance for holding a two day workshop.Sir.

The Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeoloov Paniah

IdPnfS' organizing a two day workshop on "Prehistoric Tiols-onH 11^ Documentation" in coliaboralion tAjth the department of Archaecloavand Museums Haryana. Chandigarh in the month of November, ^

fincn^- I this event in the Department we request you to qrantf 'Stance Of Rs.tOO.OOO /-. The students of the department wSimmensely benefited by this workshop.

Hope to receive a positive response in this regard from your goodself.

Yours faithfully,

End: As above (Prof. Renu Thakur).

Chairperson

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w0/23/2019 Gmail-Application for Financial Assistance for holding a two day workshop. (jV)n •

No:-. Archaeology Haryana <[email protected]> _')^ ■ ■' S..4.j..l.o/i.c)Application for Financial Assistance for holding a two day workshop.1 message

chairperson_aihca <[email protected]> Wed, Oct 23, 2019 at 5:01 PTo: [email protected] .—Cc: [email protected]

Department of Ancient Indian History. Culture and Archaeology,Panjab University,Chandigarh-160014

To

The DirectorDepartment of Archaeology & Museums, Haryana,Art & Design Building, Sector-10,Chandigarh

Subject: Application for Financial Assistance for holding a two day workshop.

Sir,

As desired i am sending you the desired information:

1. Total amount of Rs. 1,50,000/- is required for organising this Workshop.2. List of Participantsjsp takers

Dr. S.B. Ota, Former Joint Director, Archaeoiogical Survey of India, MadhyaPradeshDr. Parth Chauhan , USER, MohallDr. Kewal Kirshan, Dept. of AnthropologyProf. G.C. Mohapatra, Former Professor & head Dept. of AIHC&A, P.U., Chandigarh

3. Total 80 Students will participate in this workshop.4. The detailed programme is enclosed for your perusal.

Yours faithfully.

Prof. Renu ThakurChairperson

PROGRAMME OF THE TWO DAY WORKSHOP.docx~ 18K

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PROGRAMME OF THE TWO PAY WORKSHOP

On

"Prehistoric Tools: Identification and Documentation"

Organize by Department of Ancient Indian History, Culture & Archaeology

in collaboration with

Department of Archaeology and Museums Haryana

VENUE: Golden Jubilee Hall, Panjab University, Chandigarh

November 20,2019

9.30 Onwards Registration

10.00 A.M. Lighting of a Lamp

10.05 A.M. Welcome of the Participants (Dr. Paru Bal Sidhu)Theme of the Workshop (Dr. Renu Thakur)

10.15 A.M. Inaugural Address by the Vice-Chancellor

10.25 A.M. Address by Smt. Dheera Kandelwal, IASAdditional Chief Secretary to Govt,Department of Archaeology & Museums, Haryana

10.35 A.M. Address by Shri Ravi Prakash Gupta, IAS, Director,Department of Archaeology & Museums, Haryana

10.45 A.M. Address by Dr. S.B.Ota (Former Joint Director,Archaeological Survey of India)

11.05 A.M. Presentation of Mementoes

11.15 A.M. Vote of Thanks (Dr. Paru Bal Sidhu)11.30 A.M. Tea

Academic Session - 1

12.00 P.M. Special lecture by Dr. S.B. Ota1.00 P.M. Lunch

Academic Session - II

2.00 P.M. Special Lecture by Dr. Parth Chauhan, USER, Mohali2.40 P.M.-4.00 P.M. Practical Session on Identification of Stone tools

4.00 P.M. Tea

Venue: Departmental Museum

November 21, 2019

10.00 A.M.- 11.30

A.M.

Practical Session on Documentation and Drawing of StoneTools

11.30 A.M. Tea

12.00 P.M. Special Lecture by Dr. Kewal Krishan, Dept. OfAnthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh

1.00 P.M. Lunch

2.00 P.M. Practical Session on Stone Knapping3.00 P.M. Students Feedback

3.20 P.M. Concluding remarks by Prof. G.C. Mohapatra3.40 P.M. Report of the two day Workshop by Prof. Renu Thakur4.00 P.M. Vote of thanks by Dr. Banani Bhattacharyya, Dy. Director,

Department of Archaeology & Museums, Haryana4.15 P.M Tea

INTRODUCTION TO THE THEME OF A THREE DAY WORKSHOP


RENU THAKUR

The department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology,

Panjab University, Chandigarh has organized a three-day workshop on

... 'Numismatics: Study and Research' in collaboration with the

Department of Archaeology and Museums, Haryana, Chandigarh and

ICHR New Delhi. The idea of the present workshop was conceived by

us for furthering research and study in the field of numismatics .The

numismatics is the study of coins which not only includes physical

features but to study them as historical objects and thus a source of

history. The story of coins is interwoven with the history of mankind.

The needs of early man were limited but gradually families grouped

them into communities. Bach community developed its own life style

and established exchange relations with the communities of other

regions. Initially exchange was limited to barter but later coins evolved.

The origin of Indian coins go back to the 600 BCE. The number of

terms in our literary texts such as Karshapana, Nishka, Suvarna inform

us about existence of metal pieces of some weight standard. The journey

of making coins provides us an interesting panorama of the monetary

system of India. They provide us an important information on the

histoi7 of the period. Their provenance, devices, legends, meteorology

and minting technique of coins help us to have insights into important

developments .The evolution and development of various minting

techniques is a very fascinating story. The mark or marks upon the coin

certified and categorized it as an original coin. The appointment of

Lakshanadyaksha and Rupadarshaka was made, to inspect the minting

of coins. Initially it was difficult dating the coins as no legend and date

was put on the coin and thus these were dated on the basis of aesthetic

preconceptions. The difficulty of this approach was its apparent

subjectivity both in labelling the style and identifying its producer. No

doubt the style is useful for the numismatist but the approach must be

descriptive rather than judgmental. The date on the coins precisely

brought end to such attributions and gave absolute clue to the date. This

was made possible by the Western Kshatrapas. The coinage of the

Kushanas and Guptas stand apart in design and complexity as true

masterpieces and work of art.These were mainly stuck in gold, silver,

copper and lead. The innovative coin designs and evolution of different

iconographic imageries influenced coins of these dynasties. However

some of the issues related to their coins need to be carefully looked into

to understand them in the light of new data at our disposal." The dismal

picture of the post Gupta period had been conjured up by scholars on the

basis of paucity of coinage during the period characterized by the

}

/

- 3 -

feudalizatioR, decline of trade and village self-sufficiency, presently

which is no longer accepted. Through this workshop we would like to be

informed on the validity of such arguments and assumptions. The

rigorous study of epigraphs, literature and museum holdings can throw

light on the number of coins and how sustained constriction in thesupplies of metal affected the situation. The apathy of administration

towards minting of coins changed with the political supremacy attained

by the Islamic power in the twelfth to fourteenth centuries. Thepromulgation of Khutba on the coins indicated establishment of the

sovereignty. This was followed by the gorgeous coins produced by the

great Mughals .The muhars , rupayiya and dams were produced by

them. Their mints maintained high purity of metals. The principal

medium of currency was not gold but it continued to be used along with

other metals. The tradition of minting coins in different metals eontinued

by the Ahoms, Vijayanagar empire, the Sikhs, the Portuguese, the

Dutch, the French and the English on the Mughal coins. The regulation

of curreney was aehieved by the Act xxi and xxii of 1835 and 1844

respectively. The weight, shape, size and fineness of various issues were

standardized. The uniformity of pietorial devices, shape and weight

could be achieved because of technological advancement.. The

manufacturing of plastic money has further brought revolutionary

changes in the eeonomy of the present times. The gold and silver coins

are presently the treasure of collectors, a source of information to the

students and are also stored as bullions .Their captivating beauty radiates

an enticing chanii. We hope this endeavor will help this discipline to

grow further and encourage young students and researchers to value our

rich heritage and report any coin find to the concerned authorities for

documentation which can help us to address numismatic enigmas.

During the workshop there will be an exhibition of various coins

and live demonstration of various minting techniques adopted by the

people of ancient times by experts of the Numismatic Society of

Calcutta, established in 1985. This exhibition will create an awareness

among students of school, colleges, universities and people at large

about coins and coin-making traditions.

From Anonymous to Identifiable: Beginning of InscribedIndigenous Coins of India

Amiteshwar Jha

Abstract

It is well-known that the earliest coins issued in India were silver Punchmarked coins. These

coins are of different types and each had a distinct provenance. Traditionally, these 'Local' silverPunchniarked coins, as they are sometimes called, have been attributed to various

Mahajanapadas (states), mentioned in the literature as existing in the time of Buddha, and weredated to c. 6'*^ century BCE. Now, however, it is generally agreed that that all these local orjanapada (as they are generally called) Punclimarked coins were not issued at the same time.While some of these were issued in c. century BCE, others were later. The state of

Magadha had started expanding its territories from century BCE and under the Nandas-

Mauryas during century BCE, it created a big empire which was stretched over a big area

in the subcontinent. Even this imperial power continued to issue coins in the same punchmarking

tradition. The Imperial silver Punchmarked coins, as they are generally called, issued by the

Magadha-Mauryan state are found almost all over the sub-continent and they perhaps continued

to be be issued till c. 2"^ century BCE. Along with these silver coins, the Mauryans also issuedcopper coins made by casting technique which too perhaps continued to be issued till 2"^ centuryBCE or possibly later also. All these coins, however, were uninscribed which means that nothing

was written on them. They only bore symbols and motifs. So they are in a sense anonymous, if

one can say so. In the absence of any inscription on them, it is not possible to attribute them to

any particular ruler or dynasty or state with any amount of certainty. In fact, even in the post-

Mauryan period, at many places some uninscribed coins in the tradition of earlier coins, made by

punching, casting and even die-striking techniques continued to be issued. Although on the basis

of their find regions, they are ascribed to certain regions or state but they too are in a sense

anonymous.

This situation changed to some extent in the mid-S*^^ century BCE, and more particularly in 2"^^century BCE and the following period. This happened when inscriptions began to be added to the

coins as a result of which it became possible to identify the issuing ruler / authority of the coin.

The first inscribed coins that were issued by the Bactrian-Greek rulers in the Bactria region from

about 255-250 BCE were the first coins to be issued in the vicinity of Indian subcontinent. The

Bactrian-Greeks had started extending their territories to the south of the Hindukush mountain

range in the Indian subcontinent around the beginning of the 2"^ century BCE and from thereonwe begin to find the inscribed and thus definitely identifiable coins issued by the Bactrian-Greek

and Indo-Greek rulers. These coins are inscribed initially only in Greek script and the inscription

gives the title and name of the king. Around this time only, two Indo-Greek rulers namely

Agathocles (c. 190-180 BCE) and Pantaleon (c. 190-185 BCE) issued coins which were bilingual

and bore inscriptions in two scripts - Greek and BrahmiJ So in the north-western part of thesubcontinent these were perhaps the earliest or amongst the earliest coins issued with inscriptionswritten in Brahmi, the earliest script of India. Around the same time or a little later, another Indo-Greek ruler Apollodotus 11 (c. 180-160 BCE) issued coins bearing inscriptions in Greek andKharoshthi scripts and from this period onwards such biscriptal coins continued to be issued fora long time in the north-west.

It has been generally suggested that the use of inscriptions on indigenous Indian coins began asan influence of Bactrian-Greek and Indo-Greek coins. This may be true to some extent as someof the coins issued in c. 2"^-!'' century BCE by the so-called Tribal / Republican states in thehilly regions of northern India show the influence of Indo-Greek coins. But to say that thebeginning of the use of inscriptions on all the inscribed post-Mauryan coins was as a result of theinfluence of Greek coins would be, in my view, too far-fetched.

As is known, with the weakening of the Mauryan Empire and a little later after the Sungas, ■during c. century BCE, many of the states which had earlier been subjugated by theMagadhan-Mauryan empire and some other smaller states /chieftaincies re-emerged on thepolitical scene in the north and central India. This is actually revealed by the coins issued bythese states bearing the name of rulers in Bralmii script and the find areas of these coins. Duringthe same period, there are many coins found particularly from the central Indian region that bearthe name of the city and these are generally described as City State Coins. Most of these citieswere important urban / trade centre and located on the ancient trade routes.

Now, there is no method for dating these coins as they do not bear any date. The only toolavailable to us is the palaeography -the style of the writing of Brahmi inscriptions. It is admittedthat palaeography cannot be used as a foolproof dating system but it does definitely providesclues. So when one studies the indigenous inscribed coins that are generally labeled as Post-Mauryan Coins, one finds that while the forms of Brahmi letters and writing style on some ofthem bearing the name of rulers like Shivaghosha, Dharmapala, Indradeva, Isipala and someothers, and names of cities like Madavika, Bhadravati, and so on are very similar to Brahmiletters seen on Ashokan inscriptions. This perhaps indicates that some of these coins weredefinitely issued towards the end of 3'"' century BCE or the beginning of I"'' century BCE. Assome of these areas where these coins have been found were beyond the pale of early Greekinfluence, it could have an internal progressive development. On others the letter forms are alittle later and closer to the forms seen on some post-Mauryan inscriptions. So many other coinswere issued in 2"^ - century century BCE.

The objective of this presentation and address was to acquaint the students particularly with thesecoins with very early palaeographic features, many of which are unpublished, and to impressupon them the need to work on coins of this period which have not been studied much.

- ?■

Representation of Architectural Edifices on Some Janapada Coinage and

their Comparison with the Surviving Remnants from the Western

Himalaya

LAXMAN S. THAKUR

[email protected]

I am not a specialist in numismatics. However I encountered some instances of

architectural edifices on the coins belonging to the janapadas that inhabited the

north-western part of India. As a student of Indian architecture my interest

increased many-fold when I studied Percy Brown's Indian Architecture: Hindu

and Buddhist Periods wherein he drew immensely from the panels of Indian

buildings carved on the gates of Bharhut, Sanchi, Bodhgaya, Amravati and

other early Indian monuments. Equally important are the examples of edifices

depicted on the janapada coins, especially those of the Audumbara and

Trigarta. The main argument of this-brief presentation revolves on the

identification of the edifices and how a number of scholars, who discovered

these coins, and later scholars too have interpreted these structures differently.One of the key problems was that the staicture on the Audumbara coins was

considered of a 'single-type' or 'variety' whereas that on the Trigarta coin was

interpreted as.a 'four-tiered stupa'.

Let me first discuss the diverse identifications of these structures depicted

on the Audumbara coins. Alexander Cunningham identified the building as a

'point-roofed temple of two or three storeys with pillars {Archaeological Swvey

Reports, XIV, p. 134; Coins of Ancient India, pi. IV, fig. 2).' R. D. Banerji also

noticed similar structures on the Audumbra coins found from Irippal, Kangra

('A New Type of Audumbara Coinage', JPASB, vol. X, 1914, pp. 247-50). John

Allan, who prepared a comprehensive catalogue of the coins in the collection of

the British Museum, considered this structure to be a 'two-storied domed and

pillared stupa' {Catalogue of the Coins of Ancient India, Ixxxiii, 122, pi. XV).

V. A. Smith has published two coins attributed to some unspecified

Audumbara king also have structures and identified as a 'building with a railing

at foot, high roof with projecting eaves, apparently of thatch supported on

pillars' ('Numismatic Notes and Novelties (Ancient and Medieval India)',

JASB, vol. LXVI, no. 1, 1879, pp. 8-9, pi. 1, figs. XII, XIII).

Anand Coomaraswamy also commented on the structures depicted on the

coins published earlier by V. A. Smith. He suggested that the buildings could

represent as 'railed (circular) pavilions with four and five pillars and domed

('thatched') roof with projecting eaves and small finials' {Histoiy ofIndian and

Indonesian Art, p.'237, pi. XXX, figs. 116,117). P. L. Gupta has assigned these

coins to Puru or Paurava and considered a building as a 'domed structure

supported on four corners and a central pillars and suiTounded by a railing',

Numismatic History of Himachal Prasesh, pp. 22-4).

K. P. Jayaswal considered it as a mote-hall. S. V. Sohoni, AJay'Mitra

Shastri, J. N. Banerjea and A. S. Altekar are of the opinion that the structure

depicted on the Audumbara coins is a Siva Temple. S. K. Chakraborthy regards

-7-

it a temple in Indo-Aryan style, i.e. Nagara style [JRASB, Letters, vol. II, no. 1

1936, Numismatic Supplement, no. XLVI. p. 67).

On the basis of the coins collected by Cunningham, two coins published

by Smith, two specimens of R. D. Banetji's collection from Irippal in Kangra

district and specimen from J. P. Rawlins' collection, as published by John Allan

in his catalogue, we noticed that these structures on coins exhibited at least four

different types of buildings with the following architectural characteristics:

1. The structure no. I is in its simplest form with a single bhitta (plinth)

with four pillars without capitals. Eaves are slightly projected beyond the

walls and roof is pointed-a main feature of the hill buildings-later called

'himavan' in the vastusastras.

2. In structure no. 2 the basement is ornamented with railing and four pillars

support the high domed roof with projecting eaves with a small fmial on

the top of the roof. Such shapes can be formed by way of turning the

bamboo or thatch.

3. Third structure has a plindi with railing. The conical roof is supported by

four pillars having round or square capitals.

4. The fourth type of structure has primarily drawn the attention of many

scholars because it appears frequently on the coins found from Irippal in

Kangra. The uper structure goes up in two or three superimposed storeys

like those of later pagoda temples. It is topped by finials. The notable

feature of the depiction is the form of trisiila with an axe in the centre of

- fo

the shaft and a piece of cloth fluttering below. For this depiction, S.V.

Sohoni has idctified it as a Saivite temple. P. L. Gupta has unnecessarily

compared it as the rudiments of the south Indian (and, of course, of the

early pan-Indian) sikliara temples. By suggesting sikhara perhaps he

meant Nagara or Dravida? How can an artist visualize Dravidian vimana

in the north-western part of India at a time when it had not appeared in

south Indian architectural history? {See, Laxman S. Thakur, The

Architectural Heritage ofHimachal Pradesh, pp.28-29, ftg 5).

Before I make comparisons of these buildings with the surviving

monuments from the western Himalaya let me also discuss a multi-tiered

structure on the Trigarta coin. What is surprising to note is that at present we

have only one coin of the Trigarta janapada, in the J.P. Rawlins collection of

the British Museum (Allan CCAI, pp. cxxxix-cxl, 212, pi. XXIX, 10). Allan has

identified it as a four-tiered stupa and P. L. Gupta as 'a four storeyed pillared

structures' [sic]. A four-tiered structure seems very interesting considering the

availability of similar multi-tiered pagoda temples and Buddhist monasteries in

Himachal Pradesh. It is a wooden structure having four-superimposed tiers

resting on wooden pillars. This type of building is certainly a proto-type of the

subsequent pagoda temple available in the Himalayan areas from Kashmir to

Nepal. I do agree with P. L. Gupta whether it represents 'a religious or a secular

building' (P. L. Gupta, Numismatic Histoy of Himachal Pradesh, p. 14). From

the typology of these varied structures depicted on the" coins one cannot derive

simple explanations. In any case they may depict either religious or vernacular

-/y-

buiidings, or both. One structure has received utmost attention and identified as

a brahmanical temple dedicated to Siva because a (rishitla, parasu and a

fluttering scarf (dhvaja) are depicted along the vertical line of the structure.

Similar long shaft topped by a trishula and an axe also appear in the Shalri

inscription attributed to Chandesvarahastin, a son of Isvarahastin, dated second

half .of the fourth century AD (Laxman S Thakur, 'Shalri Rock Inscription of

Chandesvarahastin Rediscovered', Proceedings of the Indian History Congress,

seventy-fifth session, New Delhi, 2014, pp. 133-36).

The architectural data available from these coins seem to be of

considerable importance since there is insignificant number of surviving

monuments from early period in the north-western part of India. Examples from

the coins help us to trace the evolution of the later monuments, especially in the

western Himalayan region. The Nandi mandapa at Nirmand looks like a stone

replica of the Audumbara wooden structures. The pent-roofed structures, called

'Himavan' in the Vishnudharmottara Purana are all modelled according to the

climate conditions of the hilly regions, having slanti.ig, peaked and

superimposed roofs instead of flat ones. Multi-tried wooden structure depicted

on the Trigarta coin is certainly a reminiscent of the later pagoda shrines of

Himachal Pradesh such as the Dakliani Mahadeva temple, Nirmand; Lha-Khang

Chenmo Buddhist temple, Ribba and the Manu Rishi temple, Shainsher and

many more such examples. Coins at Sunet (Ludhiana, Punjab) also show similar

structures erected over square columns supporting a horizontal beam and

trabeate above. The climatic conditions of the region and the availability of raw

6

materiaL i. e. wood have completely shaped the design and structure of these

edifices and they help the student oflndian architecture to trace the evolution of

early building foniis in the western Himalayan region in the absence of actual

monuments in situ.

T

Minting Technologyas used in early Indian Coins

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By Ravi Shankar Sharma,

SecretaryThe Numismatic Society o

f Calcutta

In India, different rulers minted various varieties of coins. These coinswere minted m

different ways. Earlier, beads and stones were used ascurrency and this system was laiown as the Barter System.

However, as it was difficult to differentiate between these items, coinswere introduced. Based on minting technologies, ancient Indian Coinscan be broadly divided into four groups.

1I

Techniques of Minting

PUNCH MARKING

• CASTING

• DIE STRIKING

• REPOUSSE

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Punch Marked Coins: These are the earliest recorded coins in India.

They were used in the 6th Century BC.The symbols on them wereabstract or nature related elements.The coin blank is struck by a singlepunch with one blow of hammer and thus the impression is transferred onblank, hence they were called the punch marked coins.

Most of the punch-marked coins have different number of punchesimpressed u

pon them one after another.These coins forms into different

shapes, such as the bar-shaped, oblong, or cup-shaped. All these varieties ofcoins w

ere struck with punches.

Imperial Punch Marked Coins- M

agadha-Mauryan Coinage

The earliest coins of India were minted using the punching techniqueThis technique is also known as the archaic multiple die striking techniqueOn these silver coins we find the depiction of symbols punched using single diesThe symbols on the early Janapada coins vary from 1-4

These coins have been attributed to the sixteen mahajanapads mentioned in theAnguttaranikaya

The sixteen M

ahajanapadas mention in the Anguttaranihaya

T

Kasi

Kosala

Anga

Magadha

Vajji

Malla

Chedi

Kuru

• Panchala

• Asmaka

• Avanti

• Gandhara

® Kamboja

• Matsya

• Surasena

• . K

untala

Specific shape of these early p

unch marked coinsV

• Gandhara : Bent bar

W:

Very probably the earliest Indian coin: a large silver s

hatamana (double siglos or bent bar) issue,

Gandhara, c.600-500 B

CE (43mm long, 10mmv\^ide)

4Kashi : Saucer shaped coins

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est of the janapadas issued round, square or irregularshaped coins

Imperial Punch Marked Coins- Magadha-Mauiyan Coinage

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!Ancient Indian coinage was based on 'Karshapana' unit that consists of 32 rattis (3.3 grams ofsilver) and a 'Ratti' is equivalent to 0. II gm

s.

Preparing coin b

lanks

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Ciitting coin 1 blaii k

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of Rbiihd coin blanks

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This technique was used for making round or ellipticalshaped coin blanksExact am

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all crucible andpoured on a hard surface the little am

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metal took round or elliptical shape

Then this piece was beaten to make it into a piece ofrequired thickness

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Technique of Minting(PMC)

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beaten into sheets on an adhikarni or anvil with a ham

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Preparing coin blanks and Stamped with punches

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having symbols or birhba-tahka

Casting Technique

This technique was widely used for minting large scale base metal coins

Moulds were mostly made of clay

Device was impressed on the clay in negative so that when the coin is produced itwill have the positive impression on it

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Casting Technique

Single mould production

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Once the clay piece received the impression it was dried and baked to getterracotta .mould

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Molted metal was pouied in the mould and was allowed to cool down to getthe coin

But such coin produced with single mould had a blank reverse

Double mould Casting

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To get t wo separate devices on both sides of the coin this technique was usedadTes^re

""s joined with either day or anyA vent was kept on the top for pouring the molten metal

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Later when the metal become cool and dry the joint ar e broken and the coin is takenTins technique may be called as the double mould production technique

Multiple mould Casting

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In a single mould multiple impressions were made in negative

One mould or disk with obverse devices

Second one with reverse devices

These were taken together and joint one after another

Molten metal was poured to get the coins

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Die-Strucking TechniqueThis is a technique introduced by the Bactrian Greeks or indo Greeks in India and isthe most popularly used technique for minting coins in the IndiaIn this technique a pair of dies used for minting coinThe die on the top is the obverse or the upper dieLower die is fixed on a wooden log or anvil and is known as the anvil dieThe coin blank is placed in between the two dies i.e. it was placed on the anvil die andthen on the upper die was placed

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Repousse Technique

These coins w

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side and the other side had a negative impression.This technique was a

time-consuming one, so there w

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Sharabhapurlya dynasty of W

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Repousse Technique

The coins minted with this embossing technique had a single device i.e. the obverse

device

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The reverse has the negative intaglio of the obverse device

These coins were issued by using a single die engraved with a comparatively m

ore

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Minting Repousse coin

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kept

On this a protector metal piece is placed

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light blow of the h

ammer

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Preparing the Coin Blank

Cutting the thin coin blank

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National workshop

on

Numismatics: Study And Research

PRAKASADITYA AND THE CASE OF MISTAKEN IDENTITY

Jappen Oberoi

Research Scholar (JRF)

Dept. of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology

Panjab Universit)>, Chandigarh

Abstract:

The attribution of gold coins bearing the reverse legend Srl-Prakdsddityah, discovered from ahoard of Gupta coins from Bharsar in i 851, subsists to be among the more contentious problemsthat impair our comprehension of ancient Indian history. This Prakasaditya has been variouslyidentified with Budhagupta, Kumaragupta II, Bhanugupta, the Pra-initialled prince mentioned inthe Arya-Mahjiisri-miVakalpa as the son of Bhanugupta, a vassal of Bhanugupta and Purugupta.Recently, his identification with the HOna king Toramana, first suggested by Robert Gobi in1990, has been gaining momentum after Pankaj Tandon revivified and reiterated the sameviewpoint bolstering it with further evidence. The present paper will put the arguments adducedin favour- of this identification under scrutiny and by deploying the information at our disposalappertaining to Gupta and Alchon coinage will bring home the fact that Purugupta was, in allprobability, Prakasaditya.

K.tyv,'or(}is: Prakasaditya. Toramana, Gupta, Alchon, Pitriigupla

CiQ-

Ever since the discovery of two gold coins of the Prakasaditya type from a hoard of Guptanumismatic issues from Bharsar in the year 185 K its attribution has been among the most vexingproblems in Indian history. The coins, conforming to the suvarna standard, bear on the obversethe king riding a horse and attacking a lion with a sword and a garuda standard. Under the horse,occurs the letter u or ru or ma and there is a circular legend ending with vijifya vasudhaiii divamjayati? The 'reverse shows Lakshmi with her legs folded like a pillow and the legendSrl-PrakasadUyab? Hoernle's^ earlier identification of Prakasaditya with Purugupta wassubscribed by V.A. Smith.^ The attribution was originally a purely conjectural one, based on thefact that "no coins were known of Purugupta", and that these coins could not be assigned to anyknown Gupta ruler. Allan adduced an argument in favour of this identification. He remarked:"The Bharsar hoard contained coins of Samudragupta, Chandragupta II, Kumaragiipta I,Skandagupta and Prakasaditya; the natural deduction would be that Prakasaditya succeededSkandagupta, and that the hoard was buried in his reign" Inspite of accepting the fact thatPrakasaditya must have been a successor of Skandagupta, Allan refrained from identifyingPurugupta with Prakasaditya for he had assigned the coins with the reverse legend Vikramadityato Purugupta and he found it "highly improbable that Purugupta was called both Vikramadityaand Prakasaditya".' Allan, therefore, opined that Prakasaditya should be identified with "someunknown Gupta king ruling at the end of the 5th century CE".^ K.P. JayaswaP and R.N,Dandekar'° identified Prakasaditya with Budhagupta, R.G. Basak" identified him withRumaragupta II, P.L. Gupta,'^ J.W. Curtis'^ and K.K. Thaplyar with Bhanugupta, K.S. Shukla'^with a vassal of Bhanugupta and S.R. Goyal'^ with the prince Pra mentioned in theArya-Maujiisri-mfdakalpa as the son of Bhanugupta, O.K. Ganguly" with Kumaragupta II orPurugupta. A.S. Altekar,'® B.P. Sinha" and A. AgrawaP° have identified him with Purugupta.

JayaswaP' states that since according to the Arya-Monjusn-mfdakalpa, Kumaragupta (II) wassucceeded by Srlman U, and since the letter u occurs on Prakasaditya's coins, it 'shouldconclusively prove that Srlman U, Prakasaditya and Budhagupta are one and the same person'.We can now assign gold coins with the biruda sn vikrama on them to Budhagupta, so we candiscard this hyposthesis. S.R. GoyaP^ argued that the content of the alloy and the treatment of.thefeet of the reverse goddess of the coins suggests a comparatively late date for Prakasaditya andhis issues are to be treated as contemporaneous or nearly contemporaneous with those ofNarasiriihagupta U. While the debased coins of Narasiriihagupta have 54 percent of pure gold,the majority of the issues of Prakasaditya have more than 70 percent of pure gold. The pillowstyle treatment of the feet of the reverse goddess, as noticed on the coins of Prakasaditya, isencountered on some of the issues of Skandagupta as well, and is seldom a unique trait of

Narasiriihagupta's gold pieces. P.L. Gupta^^ had once pointed out that the title Prakasadityaadmirably suited Bhanugupta, for, Prakasa, light, is the very essence of bhanu, the sun and thepresence of the letter ru or u beiow'the horse on the obverse of the coins is likely to associatePrakasaditya with one of the later Gupta kings in point of time. The coins of Prakasaditya have

Vf-

been found from various places like Rampur. Shahjahahpur, Hardoi, Kanuaj and Bharsar, and yetsurprisingly not a single specimen of these coins has ever been reported from MaKva where laythe area of Bhaniigupta's activities.^'^ P.L. Gupta^' turned to '"the testimony of Yuan Chwang,who listed various donors, among them, in that order, Budhagupta, Tathagatagupta andBaladitya" and later on identified Prakasaditya with Tathagatagupta. P.L. Gupta believed, on thebasis of the metallic proportion of the different numismatic issues, that Prakasaditya should beplaced between Budhagupta and Baladitya (Narasimhagupta) and thus his identification withTathagatagupta seems to be the only option.^"^ There is an apparent absence on any sort ofindependent information which mentions the Gupta ruler Tathagatagupta, so P.L. Gupta'sidentification doesn't have any supporters." In 19S0, K. S. Shukla^^ published ''a coin ofPrakasaditya on which he claimed to read on the obverse, from 2 o'clock to 4 o'clock, the namebhanugii(p{a}". Shukia concluded that "Bhanugupta was a king of Malwa and that Prakasadityamust have been his vassal or viceroy, since his name was only on the reverse of the coin". TPVerma," the biggest and the only supporter of Shukia, asserted that "the discovery of this coinnow ended the long debate about the identity of Prakasaditya of coins and firmly placedBhanugupta in the genealogy of the imperial Guptas". S.R. Goyal reported that "ProfessorJagannath Agrawal categorically rejected the reading of bhamigupta'\ and quoted P.L, Gupta'sobservation that "the name of the king would be expected somewhere between 5 and 7 o'clock,

not between 2 and 4 o'clock where Shukia claimed the name to be".^° Ashvini Agrawal's

observation that "the letter Shukia saw as bha was actually the lower part of the figure of Garuda

above the horse's head and there being no sign of the letters nu or gu puts the reading

Bhanugupta out of the question"." A.S. Altekar had pertinently pointed that the findspots of the• Prakasaditya type coins suggested that he was not a later emperor, whose power was confined to

parts of Bengal.-^^ He had remarked that the striking originality of his coin type, placing of theGaruda standard, the peculiar symbol on the reverse and theTelative purity of the metal, all pointout that Prakasaditya has to be placed earlier than the time of Narasiiiihagupta^Kumaragupta II,Budhagupta and Vishnugupta, when the imperial Gupta coinage had come to the stereotypedArcher type and had become heavily adulterated.^^ Altekar was supported by Ashvini Agrawalwhose analysis of different Gupta coins brought him to the conclusion that "Prakasaditya had to

be placed sometime' after Skandagupta and before Vainyagupta, Narasimhagupta, Kumaragupta

III and Vishnugupta".^'* "It is well known", writes Ashvini Agrawal, that'"there was a change in

the line of succession sometime after the death of Skandagupta leading Purugupta and his

successors to the imperial Gupta throne."" He finally concludes, "it is simple to infer that thisMaharajadhiraja Purugupta, known from the Bhitari silver-copper seal of Kumaragupta III andother inscriptions, ascended the throne after the death of his brother Skandagupta and issued theHorseman-lion slayer types in the name of Prakasaditya which apparently was his epithet"

A commonality between all the aforementioned scholars was the fact that they all identifiedPrakasaditya with a Gupta king. Since "the coins were found in a hoard of Gupta coins", "the

similarity of the reverse design to other Gupta coins",! "the aditya ending biruda", and even "therough similarity of the obverse design to other Gupta coins", all these factors resulted in arrivingat the only obvious conclusion that "Prakasaditya must have been a Gupta king". This changed in1990, when Robert GobP' suggested that "Prakasaditya was not a Gupta at all, but a Hun". Gobion failing to identify Prakasaditya with absolute certainty, speculated without offering muchempirical or circumstantial evidence that "he might have been the Hun king Toramana".-"® Gobiargued that the crown consisting of a diadem decorated by a crescent ornament at the forehead",the elongated shape of the head" and "the presence of a moustache in the king's portrait"proved that "Prakasaditya was not a Gupta king, but a Hun".^^ His identification found favourwith Pankaj Tandon,''^ who in 2015, argued vehemently that "there is a strong probability(indeed, a near certainty) that he was in fact Toramana". Pankaj Tandon combines imperfectreadings of "coins from the Patna Museum, National Museum Delhi, Lucknow Museum, aGemini auction and a Ponteiro auction" to reveal the complete obverse legend as''avampatitorama(no) vijitya vasudhaiii divam jayati (the lord of the earth, Toramana, havingconquered the earth, wins heaven)". Furthermore, he notices similarities between "the motifs onthe Sasanian silver plate of Varahran V and Prakasaditya's coin" and points that "the Hunsrepeatedly show strong Sasanian influences on their coins, particularly in their silver series fromGandhara". "It would therefore not be surprising", writes Tandon, "to see them draw Inspirationfrom Iran for their gold issues as well." He remarks that "assigning the coins to the Huns wouldalso help explain why they seem not to be up to the artistic standard of Gupta coins up to thatpoint in time".

Prakasaditya's.identification with the Alchon king Toramana suffers from some serious defects.Huna coins aren't the only numismatic issues depicting the portrait of the king with a crescentedcrown and a moustache. As Tandon has himself noticed, "there are silver coins of Kumaragupta Iand Skandagupta which show crescents on the crowns""' Infact, the Gupta kings continued thecustom of the Saka Western Kshatrapas to depict their portraits with moustaches on their silvercoins of western variety. While the elongated head is present on the horseman lion slayer typecorns, this feature is absent on the archer type coins bearing the reverse legend 'Sri Prakasa'(which Tandon also considers to be Toramdna's issue)."^ Tandon's reading of the obverse legendhas also not been universally accepted by scholars. K.K, Thaplyal and Shailendra Bhandare have'challenged Tandon's reading of the name Toramana."" Furthermore, Toramapa's title, accordingto Khewra inscription.ahd his horseman and Sasanian type of silver coins was Jauvla and notPrakasaditya."" Till date not a single gold coin bearing the name of an Alchon king has come tolight. Noteworthy is the fact that never has a hoard of the Imperial Guptas been discovered thatcarried coins of Toramana or any other Alchon ruler."" Tandon fails to provide a cogent argumentas to why the Prakasaditya coin bore garuda, the dynastic emblem of the Guptas instead of theAlchon tamgha. The influence of Sasanian imagery on the obverse motif of the Prakasaditya typecoins doesn't prove that they were Hunnic issues. The Alchon contact with the Sasanians is.not a

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proven fact, as Tandon would have us believe. The nemesis of the Sasanians, at different times,have been iCidarites and Hephlhalites, but not Aichons. Guptas' cultural contact with the

Persians has already been proven by V.S. Pathak and V.B. Rao."*^' Varahran V's father, Yazdgird

was defeated by Chandragupta II during the first decade of the fifth century.''^ It's safe topresume that the Gupta die cutters had knowledge of Sasanian motifs. Infact, instead of takinginfluence from the Sasanian plate, the motif on the Prakasaditya coins seems to have been

influenced by the Rhinoceros slayer type of Kumaragupta I, as has been pointed out by A.S.

Altekar."*^ Furthermore, the similarities between the motif on the Sasanian plate and the obverse

device on the Prakasaditya coins, as forcefully proposed by Tandon, leading him to the deduction

that the former was the precursor of the latter, for the pose of the lion and the treatment of the

right foot of the king has no parallel in the gupta coinage. Tandon seems to have been

misinformed. On the variety B.8 of the Lion-slayer type coin of Chandragupta II given by S.

Kumar in his 2017 publication Treasures of the Gupta Empire, the lion is portrayed as standing

on its hind legs. As far as the depiction of the right foot of the king is concerned, it is identical

with the rendering on the variety C.l and E of Class II, and variety A and C of class III of the

horseman type issues of Kumaragupta I depicted in the same corpus. Thus, the motif on the

Prakasaditya coins embodies a concoction of the various elements amassed from the divergent

monetary issues of his ancestors. Unsubstantiated by empirical evidence, the identification of

Prakasaditya with Alchon king Toramana needs to be discarded. The fact that the Prakasaditya-

coins are of gold and discovered in the Gupta hoard, containing the stereotypical gupta legend,

featuring a seated goddess in the same style as on Gupta coins along with garuda emblem, is

enough to prove that it cannot be a Huna issue. Thus, the identification of Prakasaditya with

Purugupta stands the test of time.

Notes and References

1. Altekar, A.S., Coinage ofthe Gupta Empire, Banaras, 1957, p. 285.

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid.

4. Hoernle, A.F.R., "Remarks on an inscribed seal of Kurriara Gupta II," Journal of the

Asiatic Society ofBengal, LVIIl, Part L 1889, pp. 93-94. In 1909, Hoernle had put forth a

new suggestion, that "the coins may have been issues of the Malwa king Yasodharman of

the Mandasor column inscription" {vide "The Identity of Yasodharman and

Vikramaditya, and some corollaries". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great

Britain and Ireland, \3S.).

5. Catalogue of coins in the Indian Museum, I, Oxford, 1906, p. 119-.

6. Ibid., p. li.

7. Ibid., p. Hi.

8. Ibid.

9.. An Imperial History ofIndia, ?a{na, \9ZS, pp. 3S-39.

10. A History of the Guptas, Poona, 1941, p. 139.

11. History ofNorth-Eastern India, \961,

12. Journal ofNiimisinatic Society ofIndia, XII, pp. 34-35.

13. Journal ofNumismatic Society of India, XX, pp. 73-76.

14. The Imperial Guptas: A Political Study, Aryan Books International, New Delhi, 2012, p.280.

15. Journal ofNumismatic Society ofIndia, XLII, pp. 120ff.

16. The Imperial Guptas, Jodhpur, 2005, p. 449.

17. The Imperial Guptas and their Times, New Delhi, 1987, p. 90.

18. Coinage ofthe Gupta Empire, Banaras, 1957, p. 285.

\9. Dynastic History of Magadha,'HQV^De\\\\, 1977,p. 13.

20. Agrawal, A., "The Prakasaditya Problem: A Reappraisal," Numismatic Studies, II, 1992,

pp. 107-118.

21. op.cit.

22. Journal ofNumismatic Society of India, XXVIll, p. 19.

23. Journal ofNumismatic Society ofIndia, XII, p. 35.

24. Ganguly, D.K., The Imperial Guptas and their Times, New Delhi, 1987, pp. 90-91.

25. Gupta Sdmrdjyd, Varanasi, 1991, pp. 346-347.

26. Gupta, P.L., The Imperial Guptas, Volume I, Varanasi, 1974, pp. 193-194.

27. Tandon, P., "The Identity of Prakasaditya", Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 25, p.

653.

28. Shiikla, K.S., "A Unique Gold Coin of Bhaiuigupta and Prakasaditya," Journal of

Numismatic Society of India,XLW, 1980, pp. 120-122.

29. "Editor's Note," Journal of Numismatic Society ofIndia, XLII, 1980, pp. 122-126.

30. Tandon, P., op.cit.

31. Agrawal, A., op.cit., p. 111.

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32. Altekar, A.S.. op.cit., p. 283.

33. Ibid., pp. 283-284.

34. Agrawal, A., op. cit., p. 1 15.

35. Ibid., pp. 115-116.

36. Ibid.

j7. Gobi, R., "Das Antlitz des Fremden: Der Hiinnenkonig Prakasaditya In der Munzpragungder Gupta-Dynastie," Anzeiger der OsterreichLschen Akademie der IVissenschafien,Philosophisch-Historische Kiasse, 126, 1990, pp. 131-138.

38. Tandon, P., (9p.67V., p. 648.

39. Ibid., pp. 657-658.

40. Tandon, P., The Identity of Prakasaditya", Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 25, pp.647-668.

A\.Ibid.,p. 658, fn.57.

42. Kumar, S., Treasures of the Gupta Empire, USA, 2017, p. 379.

43./i/c/.,p. 377.

44. Epigraphia Indica, Vol. 1, pp. 238-239.

45. This fact was pointed out to us by Prof. Ashviiii Agrawal.

46. m Joshi, M.C. and Gupta, S.K., ed., King Chandra and (he Mehrauli Pillar, Meerut,1989, pp. 190-196.

47. Ibid., p. 192.

48. Altekar, A.S., op.cit., p. 284.

National workshop

on

Numismatics: Study And Research

DYNASTIC SUCCESSION IN KAUSAMBl AFTER THE KUSHAFIAS:

A NUMISMATIC PROBE

Divya Oberoi

Research Scholar

Dept. of Ancient Indian History, Culture and ArchaeologyPahjab University. Chandigarh

Abstract:

Kushana jurisdiction over the region of KausambT is attested by the Rabatak inscription ofKanishka, a fact corroborated by the discovery of epigraphs incised during his reign fromKausambT. .After this monarch disappeared from the political scene, none of his successors couldsucceed in sustaining the vast territorial expanse and the empire witnessed gradual diminutionsfrom the time of Huvishka till the last Kushana emperor. The vacuum which the Kushaoas left intheir Indian territories was filled not by another paramount sovereign power, but by lesserdynasties, which, taking advantage of the unsettled conditions, declared their independence.Among the first political powers to divaricate from the Imperial Kushaijas were the Maghas whocarved out and ruled for some generations over an extensive territory extending fromBandhogarh in the Shahdol district of Madhya Pradesh in the south to the Fatehpur district of UPin the north. Inscriptions, ranging from year 51_to 139, provide us the name of seven differentrulers. Besides these seven rulers, coins reveal the names of 5 more rulers with -magha endingnames. Indologists remain divided on whether the kings Nava, Navika and Dhanadeva, whoseexistence is revealed by coins bearing devices similar to those met with on the Magha issues,succeeded or preceded the Magha dynasty. The inlbrmation gleaned from the inscriptions ofMagha dynasty, their coins, the coins of Dhanadeva, Nava, and Navika along with the localcoinage of KausambT and the Bhita seals will be examined to construct the political succession inthe region after the removal of the strong hand of the early emperors of Kanishka's house to therise of the Imperial Guptas.

Key^vords: Kushana, Kausdmbl Kanishka, Maghas. Nava. Navika, Dhanadeva, ImperialGuptas

ssr-

The Rabatak inscription of Kanishlca' reveals Kushana jurisdiction over Kausambl,^ a fact

corroborated by the discovery of epigraphs incised during his reign* from KausambT. Stratifiedevidence of coins unearthed here suggests that the Kanishka conquered the area from a family ofrulers whose names ended in After this monarch disappeared from the political scene,none of his successors could succeed in sustaining the vast territorial expanse and the empirewitnessed gradual diminutions from the time of Huvishka till the last Kushana emperor/

The local coinage of KausambT seems to have stopped only for the duration of Kanishka's reign.The coins of Dhanadeva and their somewhat degenerate copies with the name of Nava are to beassigned to the early centuries of the Christian era.'"' We find, however, a chronological linkbetween these two series of coins in that the form of the tree-device on the coins of Rajanimltra(probably the latest member of the earlier dynasty) closely resembles that on Dhandeva's coins/The coins of Nava and others are merely copied from those of Dhanadeva/ These rulersapparently followed Dhanadeva at KausambT and their rule seems to have covered the earlydecades of the second century AD. This chronological order is also supported by thestratigraphic evidence of coins discovered in the KausambT excavations.^ It is therefore evidentthat the Nava group of rulers came in between the Kushapas and the Maghas at KausambT.

The history of the Maghas, generally regarded as identical with the Meghas mentioned in thePuranas, appear to have flourished in the early centuries AD and ruled over an extensive areabounded by Bandhogarh in the Shahdol district of the present state of Madhya Pradesh on thesouth and by the Fatehpur district of the present state of Uttar Pradesh in the north."' The dynastyprobably owed its name to the founder named Magha. In the legend on his solitary coin from theKausambT hoard, which is so far the only source of our information about him, he is given thetitle maharaja which, in those days, is known to have been borne by sovereign rulers." MaharajaMagha was, thus, an independent monarch, a fact also otherwise vouched for by his exercise ofthe royaj prerogative of minting coins."

According to Ajay Mitra Sastri, BhTmasena is the second member "of the dynasty." An analysisof the motifs on the Coins of the KausambT region of this time period reveals a different tale. Theobverse of the coins of Maharaja Magha and Maharaja Bhadramagha depict a hill symbol along 'with tree-in-railing, whereas tiiis hill symbol is missing on the coins of BhTmasena as well as theissues of Nava.''' Thus, BhTmasena seems to have preceded and not succeeded Maharaja Magha.BhTmasena has left a variety of records like inscriptions, sealings and coins which afford usmuch more information about him than his, predecessors. He was at first known from a paintedinscription on the Ginja hill in the erstwhile Rewa State (now in Madhya pradesh), some fortymiles south of Allahabad, dated in the year 52." This record gives him the title maharaja. Later,

. -AS''

I

another epigraph of this chief, dated in the year 51, was discovered at Bandhogarh in.the ShahdolDistrict of Madhya Pradesh.'^

The inscriptions of these local rulers of the KausambT region range from year 52'^ to 139.'^ Thecontroversy here is apropos the attribution of these dates to a known samvat. A. Cunningham'^referred the date to either to the era of the Seleukidae or of the Guptas. Fleet^'^ while publishing aKosam Inscription of Bhimavarman of year 139 referred the year to the Gupta era and tookBhimavarman to be a feudatory of King Skandagupta. DR Sahni,^' who read 88 in the inscriptionunder discussion, referred the era to that of'the Guptas and placed the record in 407 AD. KPJayaswal," taking the Maghas as feudatories of the Vakatakas and the Kalachuri-Chedi era of248 AD marking the foundation of the Vakataka power, posited that the Maghas used the samvatof their overlords. DR Bhandarkar,^' NG Majumdar^'' and Krishna Deva^^ designated theKalachuri-Chedi era of AD 248-49 to be the samvat employed by the Maghas in their records. A.

Ghosh^^ had suggested that the possibility of some local era, connected with the dynasty, beingused in the Magha inscriptions cannot be overlooked. AS Altekar^' rejected the likelihood of theKalachuri-Chedi or Gupta era being used by the Maghas to date their inscriptions. He pointed outthat the Kalachuri era was never employed in the region under Magha hegemony. "The mostfatal objection", he writes, "against referring the dates to the Chedi or the Gupta era is the thatthe Magha rulers become contemporaries of the Imperial Guptas, which is inevitable".^^ It isalmost unlikely that the Guptas would have allowed a feudatory family ruling in the heart of theirdominions to mint coins and issue inscriptions without mentioning their overlords.^^ Theomission of any reference to Gupta sovereignty, observe JN Banerjea and Jagannath,^^ in theMagha inscriptions shows that they were not Gupta feudatories. They cogently remark that as theMaghas were originally the subordinates of the Kushaijas, it is only natural that they shouldadopt the era used by their overlords. Furthermore, the Kanishka era must have been well knownin KausambT region for three inscriptions of the years 2,-^' 5" and 6" of Kanishka's reckoninghave been found from Kosam. Kanishka's rule over KausambT has also been alluded to in his

Rabatak inscription.^'' Thus we can assign 'he inscription under discussion, like all Magharecords, to the Kanishka/Saka era of 78 AD. It must be pointed out that many scholars like NPChakravarti, VV Mirashi, AS Altekar, DC Sircar, Bela Lahiri, Jagannath, JN Banerjea and AMSastri refer the dates of Magha epigraphs to the era of 78 AD.^^

We learn from the Bandhogarh inscriptions that BhTmascna was succeeded by his son MaharajaKochhiputa (KautsTputra) Pothasrl (PraushthasrT). We have as many as ten inscriptions of hisreign at Bandhogarh. Some of these records are dated, their dates ranging from the year 86 to88.^^ As against this, some inscriptions found at Kosam dated in the year 81 to 83, 86 and 87"clearly indicate that Bhadramagha had come to power in the KausambT region a few years priorto PothasrT and was the latter's contemporary for sometime. The title maharaja employed for himit these.records shows that he was ruling as an independent monarch. PothasrT was probably

-S7-

succeeded in the southern part of the kingdom by .his son Kaiisikiputra Bhattadeva who is known

from a couple of inscriptions at Bandhogarh. one of which is dated in the year 90 (= A.D. 168.)^^

Nothing more is known about him.

Clay seaiings disclose the existence of two rulers named Sivamagha. Tv.o terracotta sealings

from Bhita refer to Maharaja Gautamlputra Sivamagha,^''' while a clay sealing mentioning RajanKautsTputra Sivamagha was unearthed in the excavations at Rajghat."® The difference in

metronymics leaves no room for doubt that the tv>'o chiefs, though belonging to the same line as

indicated by their name-ending, must be distinguished from each other. However, no attempt was

so far made to distinguish the coins of the two until AJay Mitra Sastri*" pursued a careful study ofthe coins bearing this name in the KausambT hoard and showed that they can not be attributed to

the same king. On some coins with this name the medial / is indicated by a small vertical stroke

attached to the right of the letter .v/? and'must be ascribed to a chief who flourished earlier than

the one on who coins the vertical stroke has developed a very strong curve going on top andmany a time even to the left of the letter. Accordingly, the chief represented by the first set of

coins must be styled Sivamagha I and that by the second set, Sivamagha II.

We are now faced with the problem of ascertaining the chronological position of the two rulersof this name. The KausambT hoard contains a couple of coins of Sivamagha I (KautsTputraSivamagha) which appear to have been restruck by Vaisravana.**^ While the obverse of these

coins gives the name of SivanTagha (I), on the reverse we get the name of Vaisravana.''^ On the

reverse on one coin we find the last three aksharas of the name, whereas the first akshara is

preserved on the other coin.''^ The obverse of these coins has become flattened due to the forceful

striking of Vaisravana's die on the other side.'*' We are thus led to the conclusion that SivamaghaI intervened between Praushthasri and Vaisravana. Vaisravapa's inscriptions have been foundboth at Kosam''^ and Bandhogarh,"*' indicating thereby that he ruled over the undivided kingdomincluding,, both the northern and southern wings. Vaisravana was probably succeeded bySivamagha II as indicated by the presence of a coin of Vaisravana restruck by Sivamagha II inthe KausambT hoard."*® Sivamagha 11 was probably followed by Maharaja Bhimavarman who isknown from three KausambT inscriptions of the years 122 (=A.D. 200), 130 (=A.D. 208) and"139(217)."^

We know of a few other chiefs who, Judging from their name-ending niogha, definitely belongedto the Magha dynasty. Ail our knowledge regarding them is derived from the coins and sealingsleft by them; but they remain shadowy figures as in the absence or epigraphical records it is notpossible to determine their mutual relationship and chronological order. Vijayamagha is knownfrom a few coins found from the region of KausambT.^" The motif on the coins of Vijayamaghaalong with the style of their execution puts him nearer to Sivamagha II and Bhimavarman and inthe present state of our knowledge he seems to have succeeded Bhimavarman in the region of

-£S

KausambL Names of Jayamagha, Satamagha, Piiramagha and Yagamagha have also been

deciphered on a few coins hailing from KausambT.^'

Besides the seals of BhTmasena and Sivamagha, the excavations at Bhita have yielded a few

other interesting seals revealing the names of some otherwise unknown rulers. One of the seal:'

bears the following legend in characters of about the third century AD: "Of the illustrious

Maharaja Gautamlputra Vrishadhvaja, the penetrator of the Vindhyas, who had made over his

kingdom to the Great Lord Karttikeya."^^ DC Sircar," however, regards Vindhyavedhana as the

name of the king who "received his kingdom through Mahesvara and Mahasena and had the bull

as his banner," thus taking Vrishadhvaja as the epithet of the king. Another Bhita seal of about

the fourth century AD reveals the name of Maharaja Sariikarasiriiha who might have been a

successor of Vindhyavedhana Vrishadhvaja.^'' From other Bhita seals of about the same period,

we know the names of MahadevT RudramatT and Mahasvapati Mahadandanayaka

Vishnurakshita, who were most probably associated with the KausambT kings."

It appears, therefore, that this series of the rulers of KausambT came to an end towards the close

of the third century AD. It was precisely the period when Maharaja Gupta laid the foundation of

his dynasty. It is also to be noted that the last rulers of KausambT were, most probably, not the

members of the Magha dynasty. It means that in this period this region was passing through a

state of instability' and that the political power was changing hands rapidly. It is quite possible,

therefore, that the early Guptas, exploited this opportunity and carved out a small kingdom for

themselves. The territorial extent of the early Guptas, before the rise of Samudragupta, can begleaned from Puranic testimony. From the Puranic verses in the Vayu, Vishnu and Bhagavata

Purana, it is generally inferred that Chandragupta Fs kingdom included Oudh, Prayaga and

southern Bihar. The region of southern Bihar (Magadha) was a Lichchhavi territory which

passed onto the Guptas by means of his matrimonial alliance. Certain it is, that Chandraguptawas raised by his Lichchhavi connection from the rank of a local chief, as enjoyed by his fatherand grandfather, to such dignity that he felt justified in assuming the lofty title of fovereign ofMaharajas usually associated with a claim to the rank of lord paramount. If Chandragupta I, thefirst maharajadhiraja of the Gupta dynasty, founded the Gupta era in 319 AD on taking theimperial title, it is safe to assume that the region'of KausambT became part of the Gupta territorybefore the aforementioned date.

~51

Notes and References

1 . B.N. Miikherjee, "The Great Kushana Testament" in Indian Museum BulleHn, Vol.XXX. Indian Museum, Calcutta, 1995, pp. 16-17.

2. Ibiii, p. 3 1.

3. S. Shrava, The Dated Kiishana Inscriptions, Pranava Prakashan, New Delhi, 1993, pp.10-1 1, 17-18,24-25.

4. B.N. Miikherjee, op.cit.. p. 31.

5. We have no evidence about the continuity of Kushana rule to the east of Mathura andAhichchhatra from the time of Vasishka or at least from the time of Huvishka. Thewithdrawal might have been effected in one single period or it might have been donegradually starting from the days of Vasudeva I or Pluvishka or even Vasishka. (Jbid., pp.35-36)

6. B Lahiri, Indigenous States ofNorthern India; C.200BC to 320AD, University ofCalcutta, Calcutta, 1974, p. 124.

7. Ibid.

8. Ibid.

9. Ibid., p. \25.

10. A.M. Shastri, Early History of the Deecan, Sundeep Prakashan, Delhi, 1987, p. 138.11. A.M. Shastri, KausambJHoard ofMagho Coins, Nagpur University, Nagpur, 1979, p. 23.\2.Ibid.

13. Ibid.

14. Ibid., pp. 69-70, 93 and 97-98. The author is grateful to Mr. Jappen Oberoi for suggestingthat while the obverse of the coins of Maharaja Magha and Maharaja Bhadramaghadepict a hill symbol along with tree-in-railing, this hill symbol is missing on the coins ofBhTmasena as well as the issues of Nava, and so it seems that Bhlmasena precededMaharaja Magha.

15. Cunningham's Archaeological Survey Reports, Vol. XXI, p. 119.16. Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XXXI, p. 177, ho. 1.17. Cunningham's Archaeological Survey Reports, Vol. XXI, p. 119.18. JF Fleet, Corpus Inscriptionum Indiearum, III, 1888, pp. 266-267.19. Archaeological Survey of India Reports, Vol. I, Superintendent of Government Printing,

Calcutta, 1885, pp. 1 19-120.

20. Corpus Inscriptionum Indiearum, III, 1888, p. 266.21. Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XVIII, p. 160.22. History of India, 150 A.D. to 350A.D., Motilal Banarsi Dass, Lahore, 1933, pp. 108-109.23. A List of Inscriptions of Northern India, p. 173, note 3.24. Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XXIV, p. 147.

25. Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XXIV, p. 256.

- 60 —

26. Indian Culture. Vol. 1, No. 4, p. 716.

27. AS Altekar & RC Majiimdar. eds.. The Vcikdlaka-Gupta Age, Motllal Banarsi Dass,Banaras. 1954, p. 38, note 2.

28. Ibid.

29. B. Lahiri, Indigenous Stales of Northern India; C.200BC to 320AD, University ofCalcutta, Calcutta, 1974, p. 129.

30. Jagannath and J.N. Banerjea, "The Rise and Fall of the Kushana Power" in A

Comprehensive history of India. Vol. II. ed. by K.A.N. Sastri, Orient Longmans Pvt. Ltd.,Calcutta, 1957, p. 260, note 3.

31. Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XXIV, pp. 210-212.

32. GR Sharma, Kushana Studies, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, 1968, p. 44.22. Ibid.

34. B.N. Mukherjee, Kushana Studies: New Perspectives, Firma KLM, Calcutta, 2004, pp.100-101

35. J. Oberoi, "A Conjectural Restoration of the Year 86 Epigraph of MaharajaBhadramagha", in International Journal of Current Research, Vol. IX, Issue 05, 2017,pp. 50865-50867.

36. Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XXXI, pp. 178-182.

37. A.M. Shastri, Early History ofthe Deccan, Sundeep Prakashan, Delhi, 1987, p. 145.38. Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XXXI. p. 181.

29. Archaeological Survey of India, Annual Report, 191 1-1912, p. 51.AO. Journal ofthe Numismatic Society ofIndia, Vol. XXIII, p. 412.41. A.M. Shastri, Early History of the Deccan, Sundeep Prakashan, Delhi, 1987, p. 146.42. Ibid., p. 147.

43. Ibid.

44. Ibid.

45. Ibid.

46. Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XXIV, p. 146.47. Epigraphia Indica, Vol. XXXI, pp. 185-186.

48. A.M. Shastri, o///7e Deccw?, Sundeep Prakashan, Delhi, 1987, p. 148.49. Ibid.

50. Ibid., p. 149.

5[.Ibid.

52. Archaeological Survey ofIndia, Annual Report, 1911-1912, p. 50.53. In R.C. Majumdar (ed.), The Age of Imperial Unity, Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Bombay,

1951, p. 177.

54. Ibid.

55. B. Lahiri, Indigenous Stales of Northern India; C.200BC to 320AD. University of,Calcutta, Calcutta, 1974, p. 138.

Vd

./■/\

'\. '^v

'v /

USE OF SCIENTIFICTECHNIQUES TO STUDYANCIENT INDIAN COINS

SHRIYA GAUTAM

MST IN ARCHAEOLOGY /

UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD

./.'/

I 'K

THE PURPOSE OF THE PAPER

TO HIGHLIGHT THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ARCHAEOMETALLURGY AS A SCIENTIFIC IMPLEMENT OFANALYSING INDIAN COINS AND ITS ADVANTAGES FOR UNDERSTANDING THE TECHNIQUESAND MAKING OF COINS IN THE PAST.

TALK ABOUT SCIENTIFIC METHODS SUCH AS SEM AND THEIR UTILITY FOR PROPERLY DATINGMETALS USED IN THE COIN AND DETECTING PLATING TECHNIQUES EMPLOYED IN THE PAST.

I

?■ /

BROAD OVERVIEW OF TYPES OF COIMS IN INDIA:

FOREIGN COIN.S; GREEK, BACTRIAN, SCYTHIAN AMONG OTHERS.DYNASTIC COINS: KUSHANA, GUPTA ETC.

TRIBAL COINS

CITY ISSUES

/

i %

<3

\

BACKGROUND OF COINAGE IN THE INDIANSUBCONTINENT

THE FIRST MENTION OF COINS IN INDIA COMES FROM THEACCOUNTS OF PANINI, DATED ROUGHLY AROUND 600-500 BCE(CUNNINGHAM, 1996).

CO^'TRARY TO THE POPULAR BELIEF, COINAGE IN INDIA, EXISTEDIN THE PRE-MAURYAN AGE AND THE FIRST COINS WERE

PROBABLY ISSUED BY THE VARIOUS TRIBES, OR GANAS - EARLYUNINSCRIBED CAST COPPER COINS(EUCC).

SHORTLY AFTER, IN THE MAURYAN AGE, CITIES STARTED ISSUINGTHEIR OWN COINS, WHICH ARE ARCHAEOLOGICALLY LABELLEDAS CITY ISSUES OR THE PUNCH-MARKED COINS.

WITH THE COMING OF THE GREEKS AND THE BACTRIANS, COINSBEGAN TO BE TREATED LIKE MONUMENTS, WHERE COIN OF ONEHOUSE OR DYNASTY WERE USED TO SHOW SUPERIORITY OVERTHE OTHER (REDDY, 2008).

THEREFORE, FEATURES SUCH AS THE BUST OF THE RULER, HISACCOMPLISHMENTS, POLITICAL PROWESS, RELIGIOUS BELIEFSAND WELL AS HIS POLITICAL ALLIANCES, BEGAN TO BE DEPICTEDON THE COINS: FEATURES THAT WERE SUBSEQUENTLY ADOPTEDBY LATER DYNASTIES, LIKE THE KUSHANAS, THE GUPTAS ANDOTHERS.

y

«■ ®

IiKio-Gfc-rK Coins

u:i)

t;.'-

-■Sig

Coins of iho Kushons

/

/

V

BACKGROUND OF COINAGE IN THE INDIAN

SUBCONTINENT

ICONOGRAPHY OF COINS BECAME EVEN MORE COMPLEX IN THE

MEDIEVAL PERIOD AND INSCRIPTIONS FROM THE QURAN WERE A

COMMON FEATURE OF THE ISLAMIC COINS.

HINDU COINS, TOO, HAD PERSIAN OR ARABIC INSCRIPTIONS BUT

COULD BE DIFFERENTIATED BECAUSE OF ICONOGRAPHIC

FEATURES SUCH AS LOTUS OR TRIDENT FROM THEIR ISLAMIC

COUNTERPARTS.

DENOMINATIONS CHANGED FREQUENTLY WITH EVERY DYNASTY

IN THE MEDIEVAL TIMES.

FOR EXAMPLE, JITTAL AND TANKAS, WERE COMMON UNDER THE

DELHI SULTANATE WHILE DAM, RUPAIYA AND MOHUR WERE

COMMON DENOMINATIONS UNDER THE MUGHALS (AHMED,

201 11.

I.

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ARCHAEOLOGICAL METHODOLOGY FOR NUMISMATICS

^oNl)

TYPOLOGICAL PROGRESSION OF COINS: ARCHAEOLOGICALLY. NUMISMATICS ISN'T

ALL ABOUT VISUALS. TO STUDY COINS, ALL OF THESE SHOULD BE ARRANGED IN A

VISUAL MANNER AND THEN STUDIED WITH RESPECT TO OTHER SOURCES.

METALLURGY IS IMPORTANT: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF COINS WILL BEAR IN

MIND BOTH THE METAL OF MAKE AND WHERE THAT METAL WOULD HAVE BEEN

PROCURED FROM.

IF THE METAL WAS LOCALLY AVAILABLE, IT REVEALS A LOT ABOUT SCIENTIFIC'KNOWLEDGE OF THE PERIOD SUCH AS EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES AND METALLURGY.

IF THE METAL WAS IMPORTED, IT HELPS ESTABLISH THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE IMPORT,

TRADE AND POLITICO-SOCIAL RELATIONS OF THE PERIOD.

DETERMINATION OF THE SOURCE OF METAL ALSO HELPS TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN

DAY TO DAY COINS AND CEREMONIAL OR TOKEN ISSUES.

SCRIPTS ON THE COINS HAVE AN IMPLICATION: THE DENOMINATION IS RARELY

IMPORTANT IN CASE OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL NUMISMATICS. THE SCRIPT IS THEREFORE

' STUDIED IN CLOSE RELATION TO ICONOGRAPHY TO DETERMINE THE TARGETEDRECEIPTS OF THE COINS.

/=:i-

'-jU! :

y

/

HOWEVER

THESE STUDIES CAN BE CONVENIENTLY CONDUCTED WITH THE HELP OF

SECONDARY SOURCES

DO NOT ALWAYS REQUIRE A THOROUGH SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS OF THE

ARTEFACT ITSELF

LEADS TO AN INFLUX OF SEVERAL FORGERIES AND ACQUIRING OF

UNIDENTIFIABLE COINS BY SEVERAL MUSEUMS IN INDIA, BOTH

GOVERNMENTAL AND UNDER THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY.

THE PROBLEM GETS COMPOUNDED FURTHER IN CASE OF LOCAL OR

REGIONAL COINAGE, WHERE CONJECTURAL AND CIRCUMSTANTIAL

EVIDENCE PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN NUMISMATIC EVALUATION INSTEAD

OF FACT BASED ANALYSIS.

m'0

m

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IMHAlt

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so WHAT IS THE SOLUTION FOR THESE PROBLEMS?

ARCHAEOMETALLURGY AND SCIENTIFIC METHODS OF ANALYSIS FOR HISTORIC METALS.

• DEFINITION OF ARCHAEOMETALLURGY:

1

ARCHAEOMETALLURGY IS THE STUDY OF THE HISTORY AND PREHISTORIC USE AND

PRODUCTION OF METALS BY HUMANS. IT IS A SUB-DISCIPLINE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE.

/

VARIOUS KINDS OF ARCHAEOMETALLURGICAL PROCESSTHAT CAN BE EMPLOYED IN NUMISMATICS

vo

1. METALLOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

• IN ORDER TO ANALYSE AND TABULATE SCIENTIFICALLY THE CONTENT PERCENTAGE OF VARIOUSMETALS, METALLOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION IS ONE OF THE MORE RELIABLE SCIENTIFIC METHODS FORSTUDYING COINS (SCOTT, 1992).

• UNLIKE SEVERAL OTHER METHODS, WHICH CAN BE DESTRUCTIVE TO THE ARTEFACT, METALLOGRAPHY

IS RELIABLE IN TERMS OF MINIMUM DAMAGE TO THE ARTEFACT AND REQUIRES REMOVING ONLY

SMALL SAMPLES FROM THE ARTEFACT. WHICH ARE THEN MOUNTED IN A RESIN OR A BAKELITE BLOCK,POLISHED AND ETCHED IN DILUTE ACID, BEFORE EXAMINATION UNDER A METALLURGICAL

MICROSCOPE (STARLEY, 1994)

• THIS TECHNIQUE IS PARTICULARLY USEFUL TO ANALYSE SURFACE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE

PATINA IN COINS, ESPECIALLY WITH THE HELP OF BSE (BACK SCATTERED ELECTRON) IMAGE AND EDSPECTRA, TO ALLOW DETECTION OF VARIOUS METAL COMPONENTS IN TRE COIN (CF. INGO ET AL.,2006).

• FURTHERMORE, IT CAN BE EMPLOYED TO STUDY THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF THE METAL. THIS IS USEFULTO DERIVE THE TECHNOLOGICAL AS WELL AS THE POST DEPOSITIONAL HISTORY OF THE ARTEFACT. -

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VARIOUS KINDS OF ARCHAEOMETALLURGICAL PROCESSTHAT CAN BE EMPLOYED IN NUMISMATICS

I

2. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF METALS

• CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ARTEFACTS IS SIGNIFICANT IN

ESTIMATING BOTH QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE

INFORMATION ABOUT THE COMPOSITION OF A

PARTICULAR SAMPLE AS WELL AS.FORMING A ROUGH

IDEA OF RELATIVE COMPOSITIONS.

• ALTHOUGH, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS IS MOSTLY DESTRUCTIVE,

SURFACE ANALYSIS CAN BE CONDUCTED WITHOUT

DAMAGE TO THE ARTEFACT (FIERASCU ET AL, 2008).

• ANOTHER LIMITATION OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS IS THE

HIGH COST AND THE LIMITED AVAILABILITY OF THE

REQUIRED EQUIPMENT (MORTIMER, 1995).

Element Mean SD

C 28.12 8.50

0 10.01 4.50

AI ■ 1.60 1.20

Ms ■ 0.03 0.10

Si 0.48 , 0.19

S 7.32 2.30

Ca . 0.73 0.24

Ag 52.85 6.54

y

/

VARIOUS KINDS OF ARCHAEOMETALLURGICAL PROCESS

THAT CAN BE EMPLOYED IN NUMISMATICS

rt~

2. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF METALS

• CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ARTEFACTS IS SIGNIFICANT IN

ESTIMATING BOTH QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE

INFORMATION ABOUT THE COMPOSITION OF A

PARTICULAR SAMPLE AS WELL AS FORMING A ROUGH

IDEA OF RELATIVE COMPOSITIONS.

• ALTHOUGH, CHEMICAL ANALYSIS IS MOSTLY DESTRUCTIVE,

SURFACE ANALYSIS CAN BE CONDUCTED WITHOUT

DAMAGE TO THE ARTEFACT (FIERASCU ET AL, 2008).

• ANOTHER LIMITATION OF CHEMICAL ANALYSIS IS THE

HIGH COST AND THE LIMITED AVAILABILITY OF THE

REQUIRED EQUIPMENT (MORTIMER, 1995).

Elexnent Mean SD

C 28.12 8.50

0 10.01 4.50

" A1 1.60 1.20

Mg ■ Q.03 0.10

Si 0.48 0.19

S 7.32 2.30

Ca 0.73 0.24

Ag 52.85 6.54

y

/y

/

/

VARIOUS KINDS OF ARCHAEOMETALLURGICAL PROCESS

THAT CAN BE EMPLOYED IN NUMISMATICS

I

I

3. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (SEM) WITH ENERGY DISPERSIVE X-RAY ANALYSIS

• THIS METHOD IS COMMONLY USED IN A LOT OF COUNTRIES TO STUDY COINS, MAINLYBECAUSE IT OFFERS SELECTIVE AREA ANALYSIS ON COINS AND ALSO ENABLES AVOIDING

UNWANTED AREAS SUCH AS CORRODED PORTIONS (CF. INGO ET AL, 2004; INGO ET AL,

2006).

• COMBINED WITH MICROSTRUCTURAL AND CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, FURTHER INSIGHT CAN BE

ATTAINED INTO ASPECTS OF MANUFACTURING TECHNIQUES OF COINS.

• ■ RESULTS FROM THESE COULD BE FURTHER USED TO DETECT FORGERIES AS WELL AS FOR

COMPOSING A STANDARD METAL COMPOSITION TABLE FOR COINS FROM VARIOUS MINTS.

• FURTHERMORE, CLASSIFICATIONS FOR THE COINS BASED ON COMPOSITION OF ALLOYS AND

METALLIC CONTENT CAN BE ATTEMPTED.

S K t V

/•L

..

I nic CioiM

A^J PU

•al'-e Coin

2000 4000 6000

enerciy (eV)

8000 10(

//

*•—wtw"

HAVE SUCH STUDIES BEEN CARRIED OUT IN INDIA?

YES, BUT NOT AS WIDELY AS THEY SHOULD HAVE BEEN.'

MOST MODERN NUMISMATICS RESEARCHES IN THE COUNTRY AND RESEARCH PROJECTS FAIL

TO INCORPORATE ANY SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS AT ALL IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES.

MOREOVER, THE TECHNIQUE IS SELDOM EMPLOYED BY MUSEUM AUTHORITIES TO ANALYSE

DONATED SAMPLES OR EVEN SAMPLES RETRIEVED FROM EXCAVATIONS.

/

/

~ CONSEQUENTLY...

• NUMISMATIC STUDIES IN INDIA ARE MOSTLY UNIDIRECTIONAL IN APPROACH AND NOT AS

COMPREHENSIVE AS THEY SHOULD BE.

• FAULTY INTERPRETATION, SUBJECT TO POLITICAL MISUSE OR FAULTY REINTERPRETATION LEAVES

^ . A SERIOUS LACUNA IN NUMISMATIC RESEARCH.^ • NUMISMATICS, AS A DISCIPLINE, REMAINS CONFINED TO OBJECT ANALYSIS AND

^ MANUSCRIPTOLOGY.

• A THOROUGH AND VERIFIABLE UNDERSTANDING OF DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY,METALLURGY AND METAL EXTRACTION IN THE PAST IS LEFT OUT OF THE PURVIEW OF

RESEARCH.

• WHAT IS NEEDED IS A PARADIGM SHIFT TOWARDS INFORMATION THAT CAN BE RETRIEVED

FROM COINS, BECAUSE FORGOTTEN HISTORY, AFTER ALL, IS FORGOTTEN CULTURE.

I

kI

y

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY/

AHMED, F.S., 201 1. A COMPR£HENS/Vf HISTORY OF MEDIBVAL INDIA: FROM TV/ELFTH TO THE MID-EIGHTEENTH CENTURY. PEARSON EDUCATION INDIA.

CUNNINGHAM, A., 1996. COINS OF ANCIENT INDIA: FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES DOWN TO THE SEVENTH CENTURY AD. ASIAN EDUCATIONAL SERVICES. -

FIERASCU, R.C., DUMITRIU, I., ION, M.L, CATANGIU, A. AND ION, R.M., 2008. COMBINED USE OF SURFACE AND MICRO-ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FORARCHAEOMETALLURGY. AN. UNIV. BUCURESTI. CHIMIE, 17(1), PP.9-1 4.

HAJIVALIEI, M., GARG, M.L., HANDA, D.K., GOVIL, K.L., KAKAVAND, T., VIJAYAN, V., SINGH, K.P. AND GOVIL, I.M., 1 999. PIXE ANALYSIS OF ANCIENT INDIANCOINS. NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS AND METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B: BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS. 150( 1 -4), PP.645.650.

INGO, G.M., ANGELINI, E., DE CARO, T. AND BULTRINI, G., 2004. COMBINED USE OF SURFACE AND MICRO-ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES FOR THE STUDY OFANCIENT COINS. APPLIED PHYSICS A, 79(2), PP.171-176.

INGO, G.M., BALBI, S., DE CARO, T., FRAGALA, I., ANGELINI, E. AND BULTRINI, G., 2006. COMBINED USE OF SEM-EDS, OM AND XRD FOR THECHARACTERIZATION OF CORROSION PRODUCTS GROWN ON SILVER ROMAN COINS. APPLIED PHYSICS A. 83(4), PP.493-497.,

MORTIMER, C., 1 995. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF METALWORK AND METALWORKING DEBRIS. THE HISTORICAL METALLURGY SOCIETY; ARCHAEOLOGYDATASHEET NO. I 2. THE HISTORICAL METALLURGY SOCIETY, SUSSEX.

RAJURKAR, N.S., BHADANE, R.P. AND ANGAL, D.G., 1 993. MULTIELEMENTAL INSTRUMENTAL NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF SOME ANCIENT INDIAN• COINS. APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES, 44(4], PP.78\-7S2.

REDDY, P.CHENNA, 2008. ROMAN GOLD COINS: A TREASURE TROVE FROM PENUGANCHIPROLU. DEPARTMENT OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND MUSEUMSGOVERNMENT OF ANDHRA PRADESH.

REHREN, T. AND PERNICKA, E., 2008. COINS, ARTEFACTS AND ISOTOPES—ARCHAEOMETALLURGY AND ARCHAEOMETRY. ARCHAEOMETRY, 50(2), PP.232-248.

SCOTT, D.A., 1 992. METALLOGRAPHY AND MICROSTRUCTURE IN ANCIENT AND HISTORIC METALS. GETTY PUBLICATIONS.

STARLEY, D., 1 994. METALLOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION. THE HISTORICAL METALLURGY SOCIETY: ARCHAEOLOGY DATASHEET NO. M. THE HISTORICALMETALLURGY SOCIETY, SUSSEX.

Ik

A brief introduction to Indian Numismatics

I Anup Mitra

I feel myself honoured to be here, among the learned personalities before me, to discuss on a

subject which is not being taught in any Indian Institutions, although, the coin is said to be a

major source of history. 1 am confident such exercise will have some impact on the

dissimilation of knowledge, among us.

The term Numismatics, etyinologically derived from the Latin word Numisma -

meaning currency. In fact, scientific study on coins. Medals, Tokens, Paper-money etc.,

comes under the purview of Numismatics. The subject is multidisciplinary, the majority of

which is under History. But a successful numismatist must have sufficient knowledge on

some other related subjects, like Geography, Trade & Commerce including ancient trade

routes -land, reverine and sea; Economics - both micro and macro. Epigraphy and the most

important Engineering, including metallurgy and technology. The dearth of technological

knowledge pose if difficult, to understand a coin, whether it is a genuine one, or a forgery,

made to deceive a collector. If a person takes a wrong decision on the basis of a forged coin,

the history may be distorted. This is one of the main reasons., why sufficient research papers

are not available from the students of history on this subject. This is also the reason why the

.subjects is not being taught in Indian Universities. The knowledge on minting of coins plays

a vital part in Numismatics, as the coins are all made with different metals and its alloys. I

am not dealing in details with the subject here. But before such discussion, let us see what a

coin is? The simple answer is 'a coin is a medium of exchcange'. The Vedic money 'Niska' is

the first metal pc. used as 'money' for which there are reference in the literature. Prior to that

and even much after the Vedic period, different objects were used as money. Such objects

includes 'food grains' 'cow' etc., after the use of Barter System. But noticing the successful

use of'precious metals', as . money in 'Niska', the idea of using 'Gold' as precious metal, in

coins, must have been culminated. We have plenty of examples of use of 'Gold dust of

measured wt.' Gold 'ingots of specific wt.' as money. These are found in some hoards along

with other objects, in archaeological findings.

The 'worth' in the Gold dust and ingots of specific weight, tell us, that they must have

been used by the national and international, long route traders. They were not used as money

to meet the daily necessities of the inhabitants. But, such transaction among the traders, have

two specific questions - one is the 'purity' of metal and the second is its weight. To answer the

said questions the traders put forward a specific 'mark' on the precious metal pc. (Gold or

-77—

Silver), which stood guarantee to the users. This stamped metal piece is transformed into a

coin. This is how a coin is born. Being successful, thev (coins) gradually substituted all other

medium of exchanges in the Indian sub-continent.

The choice of metal in coinage, have a two fold demands - the 'economic' and the

'technological' demand. The economic demand claims, that the metal to be precious, so that

more 'worth' be transfer/ed through lesser quantity of metal. Such metal pc, of uniform weight

standard, throughout the subcontinent , were accepted as 'bullion' to the receiving end, from

individual to individual, from kingdom to kingdom irrespective of geographical boundary,

inside the subcontinent. Here, the 'weight' has important bearing on such a coin. Weight

standards like Karshapana, Satamana etc. were standardized which crossed the geographical

limit of ancient Indian states.

The 'technological' demand expects, the metal, to be used in coinage, should cope with

the available technology of time, while handling it. That is, the metal should be -

(i) of low melting point, to suit the technology.

(li) malleable and ductile, but not so soft, to be deformed in regular handling.

(In) non-reactive in normal temperature, pressure and atmosphere.

The time tested process of use of metal suggests that mainly three metals were

successful in these two fold demands. They were Gold, Silver and Copper. These three

metals were used in coinage throughout the world more or less till the end of nineteenth

century. The situation changed with the advancement of technology when different alloys

were used in such coinage.

Now I will try to put forward a general and approximate picture of the chronology of

Indian Numismatics from Ancient to Modern through the mediaeval period.

India is one among the pioneering country of the'world to issue coins. After so many

years of study, we are not sure, when and where the coins, in the Indian subcontinent, first

started.-However, as information available till date, such .coins are available, and were in

existence in 6"' century B.C. i.e., during the days of Mahajanapada eras. The Buddhist and

Jain texts have identified and recognized sixteen, the then Janapadas, as Mahajanapadas. We

have sufficient textual reference as well as geographical information of such (16) sixteen

Mahajanapadas (MJPs). It is very likely, depending upon the said status of the capitals of such

2

iMJPs, that, all of them issued coins. But the coins of all such MJPs are yet to be

known/identitied We have coins of some of the'MJPs which are undoubtedly identified byexperts, and were associated with specific MJPs. Such was the situation in the subcontinent

during b'"" century B.C. The Lidya- Ionia was the first countr\ in the world whose coins areavailable, which were issued in the 8"' century B.C. Technologically, those coins have some

symmetry with the Punch Marked coins (PMCs) of the subcontinent, although both were

manufactured individually and indigenously and not depending on each other techniques.

So far, experts identified the coins of Gandhara MJPs as the earliest in the subcontinent issued

during 6"" century B.C. But the recent discovery of a hoard of coins at Gharghara -Gondakriver region shows coins, where there may be some evidence of using oldermethod/technology of minting, than Gandhara PMCs. If it is proved, then the first coin in theIndian sub-continent may go back a little earlier than 6'" century B.C. Many people, across theworld, are on research on these type coins. They include Paul Murphy of Netherlands, SinjiHiryano of Japan and Indian scholars at Indian Institute of Research in Numismatic Studies(URNS), Anjaneri, Nasik. If the coins are proved to be earlier, then the credit of first coinscomes to Gangetic Valley in place of Gandhara. The site is at North Bihar and adjacent toNepal border. After the MJP Era, coins of Imperial Magadh-Mauryan series are available. Wehave plenty of such PMCs' available all over the Northern part of India. Then we havedifferent tribal states of Northern India, issuing coins.

The coins of Alexander during 326 B.C. have got a big effect on the coiningtechnology in India. Although, in the meantime, we have seen Mouryan Cast copper coinsbeing circulated along with Silver PMCs. Alexander's Greek coins, were minted in a differenttechnology - the 'die-striking technology', Gradually, Indian States and Kingdoms shifted toDie-striking technology and PMCs being, discontinued in U' century A.D. This is a majortechnological reform in minting-technology in Indian coinage.

\

It may be mentioned here that, after the Imperial Magadha-Mouryan series the coinsof Indo-Greek, Kushana and Shaka-Pallava, the coinage of India reached at its zenith duringthe Imperial Gupta Coinage. Plenty of Gupta Gold coins are available which are un-earthed

from all over the Gangetic Valley of Northern India.

All the coin issuing states including democratic states like Youdheya etc. andkingdoms like -Audambara Sibi, Panchala etc. of ancient India have their specific

3

contributions towards the coining technology including symboL script, language, religiousinvocation, dates, different Era of issuance and many other important historical information

like victor}' commemoration etc. Detail study of each such coinage is being attempted byexperts in the field.

The coinages at the suuth of Bindhyachala have their own way of development in thecoining technology. This is also being studied by experts and plenty of papers being publishedon them. Gold is used in coinage till much later period in Southern India. Miniature gold coinsof different dynasties of South India are available in plenty as the source of this metal is in

South India. Muslim Influence being much less, their coins have depiction of figures till longperiod. The South Indian Gold Coin issuing, dynasties includes -western Ganges, Chola,Kadamba during 10^*^ to ll"' century, Pandaya and Vijaynagar during 14"^ to 16"' century,Hyder Ali and Tipii Sultan during IS"'century, with depiction of pictures of Hindu Gods.

In Mediaeval Northern Indian history, we can see the coins of Muslim invaders whopractically settled in India and started their own coinage with different script, language, date-Era etc. Their major impact on coinage includes exclusion of pictures from the coinage.Aesthetically, their coinage are dependent on different calligraphy, other than depiction ofimages. In Sultaniete coins, images are yet to be found, while in Mughal coins we havepictures during Jahangir's time including his own picture in a Gold Coin. During the end andthe decay of the Mughals, plenty of coin issuing independent states and Princely Statesappeared till the English East India Company took the authority of coinage at their own hand.Lastly, after Indo-British coins we have coins of Independent India w.e.f. 1950 when the firstPost Independent coins were issued by the Govt. of India.

-fo

)

Urbanization in Punjab : Archaeological, Sigillographic andNumismatic Evidences

It is doubtful if there was any urbanization during the so called first

urbanization in Punjab but the second urbanization, though mainly

concentrated in Ganga-Yamuna doab, had its impact in the present day

Panjab. This tranformed the rural culture into the urbanized centres leading to

the urbanization.

Numismatic evidences provide us deep insight into the urbanization of a

particular area. These evidences are far more important when there is a dearth

of other archaeological data. Oftenly we find that excavations are conducted

but no detailed reports are published and Punjab is a classic example of this

apathy. In such a scenario, the numismatic evidences become more important.

Discovery of coins from explorations and their occurrence from stratified

deposits during excavations have their immense value. Stray finds, hoards,

treasure trove etc., have their own role in the rural and urban economy of a

region.

Panjab is such region where there are a large number of coin bearing

sites and these researches have been documented by the researchers.

Earlier Cunningham, Rodgers, Stacy and hosts of European writers have

collected coins from Punjab and at time listed their provenance. This data

coupled with archaeological, sigilgraphical, palaeo botanical and literary

evidences can help us to study the urbanization in a holistic manner.

Prof. Manmohan Kumar

M.D.U., Rohtak

ABSTRACT

Indor Khera; A Numismatic Construct

Dr. Paru Bal Sidhu,

Associate Professor

Department of Ancient Indian HistoryCulture & Archaeology

Panjab University, Chandigarh

. The site of Indor Khera is located in the Anupshahr tehsil of district

Bulandshahr in Uttar Pradesh. Indor IChera lies between the river Kali Nadi and the

Ganges. Investigations of Indor Khera and three adjoining mounds of Kundanpura,

Ahirpura and Vaidya-pura were initiated as early as 1874-75 by A.C.L. Carrlayle.

More recent survey and excavation of the site was undertaken from 2004-2010.

Numerous artefacts, ecofacts and structures were unearthed in the explorations and

excavations with numismatic evidence being a very important component of the earlier

and more recent work at the site. The settlements occupational history stretches

from 1000 B.C. to thirteenth/fourteenth centuries A.D. The earliest coins from the

site also punch-marked coins. The site also yielded Kushan,

Gupta and Early Medieval period coins. This rich plethora of numismatic evidence

has corroborated the. artefactual and structural evidence in constructing the history of

an important settlement in the upper Gangetic plain from the early historic period

onwards.

Mint and Mint Technique in the light of Literary Evidence

Dr. Danish Moin

(Associate Professor)

Dept. of History

Maulana Azad National Urdu University

The history of minting coinage in India may be traced back to 6^'^ century BC. Since thenvarious minting techniques are witnessed in India. It is generally accepted that Punching is

the earliest minting technique used for striking coinage in India, followed by Casting,

Repousse, Die Striking and Maciiine striking Techniques. Die striking technique is however,

the most popular technique in India, introduced by Indo-Greek in 3"^ century BC andfollowed by most of the ancient and medieval dynasties of India including Mughals. British, .

however, introduced machine striking technique in India.

Mint has always been an important institution but it developed as a strong institution in

medieval period in general and Mughal in particular when the name of the mints are inscribed

on them and often with mint epithets. The literary evidence for mint and minting technique in

ancient India has hardly been explored, except a few stray information noticed in Arthsastra

of Kautaliya. The medieval sources, however, provide some information pertaining to mint

and minting technique. The most authentic source may be mentioned here as the Darvya

Pariksha by Thakar Pheru, a mint master of Khaljis in Delhi mint. He has written his book in

Aparbahmasa compiled in VS 1375/ 1318 AD, may be considered earliest text of medieval

period which primarily focuses on mint and minting system. It deals with following

information.

1. Coins that used to come to the mint for milting and re-minting; and records mainly the

metallic contents of the coins and their value in current rate

2. Dravya Pariksha gives a long list of coins, that were issued at various times in the

different part of the country and that were imported from outside

3. It also discusses the technique and method of purifying silver and mixed metals or

alloy and testing of degree of purity of metal.

Apart from Dravya Pariksha, some medieval Persian sources such as Tabqat-I nasiri,Tarikh Firoz shahi, Faluh salatin, Humayun uama, Tabqat-i- Akabari, Muntakhobat ut

lawarikh Tuzuk-i- jahangiri, Shahjahan nama, Munlakhab id- lubab also provide some stray

information on the mint, coins and their circulation etc.

But the mint and minting technique has been well defined in the magnificent Persian work ofsixteenth CQntury Ain-i- Akbari of Abiil Fazl, compiled during the reign of Mughal emperor

Akbar. It is the most detailed work on the mint and minting technique so far. It contains aseparate chapter on Mint during the reign of Akbar which furnishes following information:

^g3>

|[ iiK-liulcs icchniquc ofdie- making, die- engraving, preparing blank and striking etc.

1( also discusses ilie mint administration, mint production and day to day working of

mint.

The account given by Abul 1-azl is not confined to Akbar's reign but it is quite relevant toknow the minting leehnii.|uc of Mughal rulers in general. In fact Ain is the only source which

deals in great length in understanding the minting technique of medieval period as a whole.Apart from Ain two Persian sources of medieval India named Mival Ahmadi and MiratSikanderi are worth mentioning here as these share some information regarding mint, mintingtechnique and mint administration.

Persian sources apart, Surat Factory Records and European Travellers account also providesome relevant information on coins, mint and circulation of coins.

The paper aims to understand some of the important aspects of mint and minting technique ingeneral and medieval India in particular. It will give a detailed account of evolution of

minting techniques in India from punching to die striking technique. The study will be basedon literary sources covering Persian and traveler accounts. In order to understand mintingtechnique and mint administration Ain -i-Akbari will be thoroughly used. The study alsocover the original coins to understand the mints.

The medieval Indian coins witnessed inscribing the mint name on them, it was a newtradition introduced in India in the late lO"" and early 11"' century, first noticed on the coinsof Mahmud Ghazni with the mint name Mahmudpur( Lahore). Inscribing mint name onregular basis on Indian coins was noticed in the early 13"' century during the time ofMameluk dynasty of Delhi sultanate. During Mughal period inscribing mint name on thecoins became a prime features, noticed on all the three mctals( Gold, silver and copper). So ,far more than four hundred Mughal mints are represented.

Transition from Early Medieval to Medieval: A Study of North Indian Coinage

Dr. Danish Moin

Associate Professor, Dept. of History, MANUU, Hyderabad

Transitions from early medieval to medieval have been studied in the past primarily with thehelp of literary evidence along with epigraphic sources and came out with new dimensions ofsociety, polity and economy from early medieval to medieval. The proposed topic however,has not been studied with the help of numismatic evidence. The present study aims tounderstand transition with help of numismatics evidence covering coinage of north India.

• The Indian coinage tradition in the early medieval period was not based on uniform currencysystem but it witnessed distinct variation from region to region. In north India from 8"' .century AD to 13^^ century Bull/Horsemen type coins, issued in silver and billon was themajor currency circulated in the region. The type was introduced by Hindu Shahi of Kabul,bearing seated Bull on the one side and horseman on the other with minor inscription inDevanagari. The type was followed by all the Rajputs, Ghazanavids and Ghorid rulers ofnorth India. It was even continued by the Mameluk sultans of Delhi. The type was, however,

discarded in second half of the 13"^ century by Balban.

Similarly, the centre India from 8"' century AD to 13'"^ century witnessed Lakkshmi typecoins in circulation. The type was introduced in 8^^ century by Kalachuri rulers with depictionof goddess Lakshmi on the one side and Devanagari inscription on the other, known both ingold and silver. The type was followed by the rulers of centre India. Interestingly, it wascontinued by Muhammad Ghori.

Like north and centre India the western India noticed distinct style of coinage generally been

termed as Indo-sasanian and Gadhaiya type coins. It bears bust on the one side and fire alter

on the other, issued in silver and billon. The south Indian coinage in the early medievalperiod witness coinage on local traditions. Pandya and Chola issued coinage with distinctstyle and typology.

Since the paper is covering the north Indian coinage. A detailed study of Bull/ Horseman typewith its origin and development will be examined. The study propose to understand detailedtypology of bull/ horseman with metrology. Since the study covers north India, the coinageof Amir of Sind and Ghaznavid will also be included.

The medieval India noticed a new coinage tradition in north India wherein the pictorial

devices were discarded and inscription in Arabic was introduced which may be considered

most remarkable transition from early medieval to medieval coinage. A detailed study of

these coins will be discussed.

- :

REPORT OF THE THREE DAY WORKSHOP

The three day workshop on 'Numismatics: Study and Research' was organized

by the department of Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Panjab

University, Chandigarh in collaboration with the Department of Archaeology

and Museums, Haiyana and Indian Council of Historical Research, New Delhi

from 26 to 28 February, 2019. The idea of present workshop was conceived by

us for furthering research and study in the field of numismatics. Numismatics

is" the study of coins which not only includes physical features but to study

them as historical objects and thus a source for reconstructing past. The

workshop started on 26^ February with lighting of the lamp. Professor

Devinder Singh, Secretary to Vice-Chancellor inaugurated the workshop. In his

inaugural address he stressed the need of many more such collaborative

seminars and workshops between the Panjab -University and other

Government institutions. Such endeavours will benefit the students and

researchers at large. Shrimati Dheera Khandewal, Additional Chief Secretary,

department of Archaeology and Museums, Haryana was the Chief guest on the

occasion. In her address she applauded the department for organizing three

day workshop on very relevant theme. Prof. Renu Thakur, Coordinator of the

three day national workshop introduced the theme of the workshop and made

an appeal to all to value heritage and report any coin find to the concerned

authorities for documentation, which can help us to address numismatic

enigmas. The-keynote address was delivered by Dr. Amiteshwar Jha, Director,'

Indian Institute of Research in Numismatic Studies, Nasik. In his illustrated

address entitled 'From Anonymous to Identifiable: Beginning of Inscribed

Indigenous Coins of India" he informed about the importance of numismatic

studies and threw light on importance of coins as a source for reconstructing

history. In his view, there is a great scope of research on the Post-Mauryan

Coins.

The members of the Numismatic Society of Calcutta had put up an

exhibition on the rare coins in the museum of the Department of Ancient

Indian History, Culture and Archaeology. The exhibition was inaugurated by

Shri Ravi Prakash Gupta, IAS, Director, Department of Archaeology, and

Museums, Haryana. The punch marked coins, the coins of Indo Greek,

Western Kshatrapas, Kushanas, Guptas, Huns, Delhi Sultanas Mughals, Sikh

and modern times remained on display for all three days. This exhibition is

first of its kind organized by the department. The first academic session began

in the afternoon. It was chaired by Professor Manmohan- Kumar from

Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak. Three papers were presented in this

session. Dr. Paru Bal Sidhu, Associate Professor, department of Ancient Indian

History, Culture & Archaeology, Panjab University spoke on "Indor Khera: a

numismatic construct" She highlighted the numismatic discoveries from the

mound of Indor Khera district Buland Shar Uttar Pradesh. Professor Laxman.

S. Thakur {Y.S. Parmara , Chair Professor) from Himachal Pradesh University,

Shimla presented a very informative paper on the representation of

architectural edifices on the ancient Indian coins. Sh. Anup Mitra from

Calcutta numismatic Society enlightened us on the importance of ancient

Indian coins.

The day two on 27.2.2019 started with the Second Academic session.

This session was chaired by Professor S.S. Saini, Head , Department of

Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology, Kurukshetra University.

Total twelve papers were presented in this session by the students and

researchers" from different Universities of India and abroad. Different aspects

. of coins were discussed by the researchers and stress was laid on the use of

more scientific methods to study coins. The technical session in the afternoon

was a special attraction. Shri Ravi Shankar Sharma, Numismatic Society of

Calcutta gave a live demonstration on making of coins. He highlighted the

various -intricacies related to minting of coins. The students and the" faculty

sr-

members actively participated in this '.session and minted coins usingI

techniques like diestruck, repousse and droplet method. The students were

made aware about distinguishing between real and fake coins. Lively and

fruitful interaction with the experts from different corners of India added flavor

to this session.

On the third day on 28.2.2019 began the third Academic session. This

session was chaired by Professor Laxman. S. Thakur ( Y.S. Parmar, Chair

Professor) from Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla. Three papers were

presented in this session. Prof. Manmohan Kumar, from Maharishi Dayanand

University, Rohtak presented a brilliant paper on 'Urbanization in Punjab:

Archaeological Sigiliographic and Numismatic Evidences'. In this paper he

highlighted the urban process in Punjab and how material evidence helps in

identifying urban centres. He emphasized the need to generate awareness

among students and researchers to examine coins carefully and scientifically

to reach at meaningful conclusions. Dr. Danish Moin, Head, department of

Histoiy Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad presented an

excellent paper on Transition from early medieval to medieval : A study of

north Indian Coinage'. The paper enlightened us on the typology and features

of early medieval and medieval coins. In his view bull and horseman type of

coins wOre most popular type of coins issued in the early medieval north India

and they continued to be minted in medieval period. The Lakshmi type of coins

were minted in Central India and fire attar type coins were circulation in

western India. The Brahmi and Devnagari both scripts were used to put legend

on the coins. Religion in one or the other form was represented on the coins.

Professor Sita. Ram Dubey from the department of Ancient Indian Histoiy,

Culture arid Archaeology, Banaras Hindus University, Varanasi presented an

illustrated paper on the importance of ancient Indian coins as a source of

histoiy. He highlighted the development of Brahmi script on ancient Indian

coins. The three day national workshop concluded on 28.2.2019 with the

Valedictory session. The Valedictory session was chaired by Prof. Ronki Ram,

Dean Faculty of Arts, Panjab University, Chandigarh. Detailed report on the

workshop was presented by the Coordinator Prof. Renu Thakur. Prof. Danish

Moin, Head, department of History Maulana Azad National Urdu University,

Hyderabad in his Valedictory address threw light on the technology of minting

coins as discussed in the Ain-i-Akban. The text highlights that various officials

supervised the minting of coins so that flawless coins could be minted. Prof.

Ronki Ram in his presidential marks stressed that currency is immensely

useful in reconstructing the history of the period. Dr. Banani Bhattacharya,

Deputy Director, Department of Archaeology and Museums, Haryana presented

the vote of thanks. The three day national workshop was filled with extremely

enriching and insightful discussions and was attended by the students,

research scholars and faculty members from different parts'of the country.

,sf'l2j

Department of■ _. ' Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology,

Punjab Universitj',Chan(iigarh-160014(Estd. In 1947 under Act VII of Govt. of India) .

Chairperson Dairy ,CFMSNo:- Dated: I? j|*/Q

The Director —

Department of Archaeology 85 Museums, Haiyana,Art^ Design Building, Sector-10,Chandigarh

^ Pincode-150011M'

Sir,

I am enclosing herewith the demand draft No.595735 dated

1.11.2019 amounting to Rs.85/- only on account of unspent amount outof the received amount Rs.3 lacs for organising three day workshop from26-28 February, 2019. Also find enclosed a statement of expenditure 'and Utilization Certificate for further necessary action at your end. Weare also enclosing a spiral copy of papers presented in the workshop foryour perusal.

Yours faithfully,

End: As above (Prof. Renu Thakur)Chairperson

Phone: 0172-2534629, Intercom: 4629, E.mail: [email protected] 17 6

gJ^eriMIDIGARHbankers cheque

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vv'P' 000489595735'Narne of Applicant Key." SIDMAZ Sr No'82Q7r^ a><

registrar panjab university:/

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branch MANAGER

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Department of

Ancient Indian History, Culture and Archaeology,Panjab University,Chandigarh-160014

(Estd. In 1947 under Act VII of Govt. of India)

Chairperson No AIH/16.

Dated:

NAME OF THE INSTITUTE - PANJAB UNIVERSITY, CHANDIGAH

UTILIZATION CERTIFICATE

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2012-Pura/5204-5207 dated 18.02.19 . Out of which Rs. 2,99,915/^iS^^been used forthe purpose for which it was sanctioned and the balance amount of Rs. 85/^remaining

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D.O.

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VAUD ONLY IF COMPUTER PfilNTEO VAUO FOR 3 MONTHS ONLY

^raraniKrtl TimnTimiTAUTWORISED SIGNATORY BRANCH MANAGER

j 1,50,000/. Tja srfaJE ^ srflraTftjfi # IT 1INSTRUHEffTS FOR ? l.SO.OOO/- { ABOVE ARE NOT VAUO UNLESS SIGNED BY TWO OFFICERS

i'5R57i5ii« □□□□□5000i: □□QUa^n' L&

(Estd. 1910) AT VISVA-BHARATI, SANTINBKETAN (WEST ...

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Transcript of (Estd. 1910) AT VISVA-BHARATI, SANTINBKETAN (WEST ...