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GUJARAT UNIVERSITY

SYLLABUS OF LL.M.

PROGRAMME

Group E : Environment and Legal Order

Effective from the Academic Year

2017-18

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Semester - I LAW 401 LEGAL THEORIES 4 Credits Unit-I Analytical Legal Positivism

1.1 Analytical School 1.1.1 Jermy Bentham 1.1.2 John Austin

Unit-II The Pure Theory

2.1 Hans Kelsen 2.1.1 The Basic Norm 2.1.2 Implication of Pure Theory 2.1.3 Contribution of Kelsen

Unit-III Sociological School

3.1 The Social Origin of Laws & Legal Institution 3.2 Impact of Laws on Society 3.3 The Task of Law in Society

3.3.1 Roscoe Pound 3.3.2 Social Engineering

Unit-IV American Realism 4.1 Justice Holmes 4.2 Carl. N. Llewellyn

Unit-IV Natural Law

5.1 The Greek Period 5.2 The Roman Period 5.3 The Medieval Period 5.4 Revival of Natural Law Theories

References : 1. Bodenheimer, Jurisprudence – The Philosophy and Method of Law (1996)

Universal, Delhi 2. Fitzgerald, (ed.) Salmond on Jurisprudence (1999) Tripathi, Bombay. 3. W. Friedmann, Legal Theory (1999) Universal, New Delhi. 4. Paton G. W., Jurisprudence (1972) Oxford, ELBS. 5. Dias, Jurisprudence (1994 First Indian re-print), Adithya Books, New Delhi. 6. Roscoe Pond, Introduction to the Philosophy of Law (1998 re-print) Universal,

New Delhi. 7. Hart, H.L.A., The Concepts of Law (1970) Oxford, ELBS 8. Lloyds Introduction to Jurisprudence, Sweet and Maxwell.

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Semester – I

LAW 402 INDIAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW: THE NEW CHALLENGES 4 Credits

Unit-I State”: Need for Widening the Definition in the Wake of Liberalization Unit-II Right to Equality: Privatization and Its Impact on Affirmative Action Unit-III Freedom of Press and Challenges of New Scientific Development

3.1 Freedom of speech and right to broadcast and telecast 3.2 Access to information 3.3 Right to strikes, hartal and bandh

Unit-IV Emerging Regime of New Rights and Remedies

4.1 Reading Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties into Fundamental Rights 4.1.1 Compensation jurisprudence 4.1.2 Right to education

4.1.2.1 Commercialisation of education and its impact 4.1.2.2 Brain-drain by foreign education market

Unit-V Secularism, Religious Fanaticism and Federalism

5.1 Allocation and share of resources - distribution of grants in aid 5.1.1 The inter-state disputes on resources

5.2 Directions of the centre to the State under Article 356 and 365 5.3 Special status of certain States

5.3.1 Tribal Areas, Scheduled Areas Unit-VI Separation of Powers: Stresses and Strain

6.1 Judicial activism and judicial restraint 6.2 PIL: implementation 6.3 Judicial independence 6.4 Appointment, transfer and removal of judges 6.5 Accountability: executive and judiciary 6.6 Tribunals

References : 1. H.M. Sheervai, Indian Constitution of Law (three Volumes) 2. M.P. Jain, Constitution Law of India (2008), Tripathi, Bombay 3. D. D. Baus Commentaries of Indian Constitution 4. Latest Judgments of Supreme Court

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Semester – I

LAW 403 PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW 4 Credits Unit-I Introduction

1.1 Nature of International Law 1.2 Basis of International Law 1.3 Evolution and Development of International Law 1.4 Codification of International Law

Unit-II Sources of International Law

2.1 General 2.2 Custom 2.3 Treaties 2.4 The General Principles of Law 2.5 Judicial Decisions 2.6 Juristic Work on International Law 2.7 General Assembly Resolutions and Declarations

Unit-III Relation between International Law and Municipal Law

3.1 Theories on Relationship 3.2 Theories on the Application of International Law within Municipal Law 3.3 Municipal Law before International Tribunals 3.4 International Law within Municipal Sphere

Unit-IV Subjects of International Law

4.1 State as a Subject 4.2 Public International Organizations 4.3 Individual as Subject of International Law

Unit-V Law and Practice of Treaties

5.1 The Treaty Making Process 5.2 Treaties and Third Parties 5.3 Treaty Interpretation 5.4 Amendment and Modification of Treaties

References: 1. Akehust’s Modern Introduction to International Law, Ed. By Peter Malanczuk,

7th Edition, (Revised) 2. Alina Kacxorowska, Public International Law 150 Leading Cases, Old Bailey

Press, 2002. 3. Bowett D.W., The Law of International Institutions, 4th Edition, 2003,

Universal. 4. Brownlie, Ian (2003) Principles of Public International Law, Oxford University

Press, 6th Edition. 5. David D. Caron, Cases & Materials on International Law. 6. Oppenheim, International Law (Vol. I & II) 7. Starke J.G., Introduction to International Law. 8. M.P. Tandon, Public

International Law, 16th Edition, (2005), Allahabad Law Agency.

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Semester - I

LAW 404 EL ENVIRONMENTAL JURISPRUDENCE 04 Credits Part-I Environment and Development Unit-I Environment Protection in India: Historical perspective

1.1. Ancient and Medieval period of Indian traditions and environment protection

1.2. Role of Religious philosophy 1.3. The Concept of Dharma 1.4. Protection of Natural resources during ancient India

Unit-II Legal framework and Policies for Environment Protection in India

2.1 Pre-Independent Environment legislations 2.2 Five Year Plans 2.3 National Policies related to Environment

2.3.1 Forest Policy 2.3.2 Water Policy 2.3.3 National Environment Policy 2006

Unit-III Constitutional Provisions and environment

3.1 Fundamental rights 3.1.1 Right to water, 3.1.2 Right to Food, 3.1.3 Right to health 3.1.4 Right environment

3.2 Directive Principles 3.3 Fundamental duty 3.4 Distribution of powers between the State and Center over natural

resources Unit-IV Environmental Jurisprudence and International Instruments

4.1 Stockholm Declaration 4.2 World Commission on Environment and Development ( WCED ) 4.3 Rio Declaration 4.4 Agenda 21 4.5 Sustainable Development Goals

Unit-V Environmental Jurisprudence and Judiciary

5.1 Supreme Court 5.1.1 Polluter pays principle 5.1.2 Precautionary principle 5.1.3 Public Trust Doctrine 5.1.4 Absolute Liability 5.1.5 Strict Liability

5.2 National Green Tribunal

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References: 1. Stuart and Gillivary, Environmental Law, (2001)Universal Publishing House

Pvt. Ltd. Delhi 2. Goel Aruna, Environment and Ancient Sanskrit Literature (2003) Deep and

Deep Publications 3. Kumar Surendra, Environment Protection, (2009), Northern Book Center,

Delhi 4. Shyam Diwan and Armin Rosencranz, Environmental Law and Policy in India

– Cases, Materials and Statutes (2nd ed., 2001) 5. C. Shashtri, Environmental Law in India, Eastern Book Company, Lucknow.

(2015) 6. Kailash Thakur, Environmental Protection Law and Policy in India (1997),

Deep & Deep publications, New Delhi. 7. Leelakrishnan, P, The Environmental Law in India (1999), Lexis Nexis

Butterworths-India 8. Leelakrishnan, P, Environmental Law Case Book, (2006) Lexis Nexis

Butterworths-India 9. Boyle Alan Anderson Michael –Human Rights approaches to environmental

protection – Oxford, Clarendon press, 1998 10. Tiwari H. N. Environmental Law, Allahabad Law Agency Faridabad, 2005

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Semester – I

LAW 405 EL ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS 04 Credits Unit-I Environmental Pollution

1.1 Concept of Environmental Pollution 1.2 Kinds of Pollutions 1.3 Factors responsible for environmental pollutions 1.4 Globalization and issues related to pollution control

Unit-II Legal Framework to control Water Pollution

2.1 Factors responsible for water pollution 2.2 The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 2.3 Role of the Pollution control boards under the act. 2.4 Role of the appellate authority under the act 2.5 Remedial measures for the water pollution under the act 2.6 Judicial approach 2.7 The water (prevention and control of pollution) rules, 1975 2.8 Water (prevention and control of pollution) Cess rules, 1978

Unit-III Legal framework to Control Pollution

3.1 The Air (prevention and control of Pollution) Act, 1981 3.1.1 Role of the Pollution control boards under the act. 3.1.2 Role of the appellate authority under the act 3.1.3 National Ambient Air Quality Standards Notification, 2009 3.1.4 WHO guidelines and Ambient Air Quality Index [launched in

2014 in India] 3.1.5 Judicial approach 3.1.6 Air (Pollution and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1982

3.2 Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 3.2.1 Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control)(Amendment)Rules,

2010 3.3 Marine pollution in India 3.4 Land Pollution and legal framework 3.5 Legal framework for nuclear pollution in India

Unit-IV Coastal Zone Management

4.1 Sea Erosion 4.2 CRZ Notification

4.2.1 Prohibition and exemptions 4.2.2 Permissible activities

4.3 Classification of Zones 4.4 Regulation of Sea resorts 4.5 Coastal zone management plans 4.6 Aquaculture

Unit-V General Laws on Environmental Concern

5.1 Code of Criminal Procedure: Public nuisance 5.2 Provisions in the Indian Penal Code 5.3 Local bodies law: An overview

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References: 1. Singh Gurdip, Environmental Law, (2016) Eastern Book Company 2. Shyam Diwan and Armin Rosencranz, Environmental Law and Policy in

India – Cases, Materials and Statutes (2nd ed., 2001) 3. C. Shashtri, Environmental Law in India, Eastern Book Company, Lucknow.

(2015) 4. Kailash Thakur, Environmental Protection Law and Policy in India (1997),

Deep & Deep publications, New Delhi. 5. Leelakrishnan, P, The Environmental Law in India (1999), Lexis Nexis

Butterworths-India 6. Leelakrishnan, P, Environmental Law Case Book, (2006) Lexis Nexis

Butterworths-India 7. Nanda, Sukanta K. Environmental law,(2009) Central Publications, Allahabad 8. Singh Chatrapati, Legal Policy for the Control of Environmental Pollution

(1987) 9. Sands, P., Principles of International Environmental Law I : Framework

Standards and Implementation, Manchester University Press U.K. 1995 10. Bell Stuart & McGilliavray Donald, Environmental Law, The Law And Policy

Relating To The Protection Of The Environment, First Indian Reprint, Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

11. Boyle Alan Anderson Michael –Human Rights approaches to environmental protection – Oxford, Clarendon press, 1998

12. Dr. Tiwari H. N. Environmental Law, Allahabad Law Agency Faridabad, 2005 13. Ritwick Dutta : Supreme Court cases on Forest Conservation

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Semester – I

LAW 406 EL ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION LAW AND RULES 4 Credit Unit-I Concept of Environment Protection

1.1 Concept of Environment and Environment pollution 1.2 Globalization and challenges related to Environment protection 1.3 Changing role of the State and community in Environment Protection

Unit-II Environment Protection Act, 1986

2.1 Objectives of the act 2.2 Rule making powers of the Central Government under the act 2.3 Role of the Pollution Control Boards 2.4 Remedial measures to control environmental provisions under the act 2.5 Environment (protection) Rules, 1986

Unit-III Major Rules under EPA, 1986 - I

3.1 The Chemical Accidents (Emergency planning, Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996

3.2 The Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998 3.3 The Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 3.4 Hazardous wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989 3.5 The Manufacture, Storage and important of Hazardous Chemical

Rules, 1989 Unit IV Major Rules under EPA, 1986 - II

4.1 Environment Impact Assessment Notification, 1994 as amended in 2006

4.2 The Recycled plastics Manufacture and Usage Rules, 1999 4.3 The Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation) rules, 2000 4.4 The Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001 4.5 Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, 1991 amended in 2011

Unit-V Emerging Legal Controls

5.1 Environment Audit 5.2 Eco-mark 5.3 Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) 5.4 Public participation in environmental decision – making 5.5 Environment Information 5.6 Eco-tourism

References: 1. Leelakrishnan, P, Environmental Law Case Book, (2006) Lexis Nexis

Butterworths-India 2. Boyle Alan Anderson Michael –Human Rights approaches to environmental

protection – Oxford, Clarendon press, 1998 3. Tiwari H. N. Environmental Law, Allahabad Law Agency Faridabad, 2005 4. Singh Gurdip, Environmental Law, (2016) Eastern Book Company 5. Shyam Diwan and Armin Rosencranz, Environmental Law and Policy in

India – Cases, Materials and Statutes (2nd ed., 2001)

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6. Doabia, T.S. Environmental and Pollution Laws in India (set of 2 volumes), (2017), Lexis Nexis Butterworths

7. Vibhaw Nawneet, Environmental Law-an Introduction, (2016), Lexis Nexis Butterworths

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Semester – II

LAW 407 JUDICIAL PROCESS 4 Credits 1. Nature of Judicial Process

1.1 Judicial process as an instrument of social ordering 1.2 Judicial process and creativity in law - common law model – Legal

Reasoning and growth of law - change and stability 1.3 The tools and techniques of judicial creativity and precedent 1.4 Legal development and creativity through legal reasoning under

statutory and codified systems 2. Special Dimension of Judicial Process in Constitutional Adjudications

2.1 Notions of judicial review 2.2 Role' in constitutional adjudication - various theories of judicial role 2.3 Tools and techniques in policy - making and creativity in constitutional

adjudication 2.4 Varieties of judicial and juristic activism 2.5 Problems of accountability and judicial law-making

3. Judicial Process in India

3.1 Indian debate on the role of judges and on judges and on the notion of judicial review

3.2 The "independence" of judiciary and the "political" nature of judicial process

3.3 Judicial activism and creativity of the Supreme Court the tools and techniques of creativity

3.4 Judicial process in pursuit of constitutional goals and values- new dimensions of judicial activism and structural challenges

3.5 Institutional liability of courts and judicial activism-scope and limits 4. The Concepts of Justice

4.1 The concept of justice or Dharma in Indian thought 4.2 Dharma as the foundation of legal ordering in Indian thought 4.3 The concept and various theories of justice the western thought 4.4 Various theoretical bases f justice : the liberal contractual tradition, the

liberal utilitarian tradition and the liberal moral tradition 5. Relation between Law and Justice

5.1 Equivalence Theories - Justice as nothing more than the positive law of the stronger class

5.2 Dependency theories - for its realisation justice depends on law, but justice is not the same as law

5.3 The independence of justice theories - means to end relationship of law and justice - the relationship in the context of the Indian constitutional ordering.

5.4 Analysis of selected cases of the Supreme Court where the judicial process can be seen as influenced by theories of justice.

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References: 1. Julius Stone, The Province and Function of Law, Part II, Chs.I,8-16(2000),

Universal, New Delhi 2. Cardozo, The Nature of Judicial Process (1995), Universal, New Delhi 3. Henry J. Abraham, The Judicial Processes (1998), Oxford 4. Julius Stone, Precedent and the Law: Dynamics of Common Law

Growth(1985), Butterworth 5. W. Friedmann, Legal Theory (1960), Stevens, London 6. Bodenheimer, Jurisprudence - The Philosophy and Method of the Law (1997),

Universal, New Delhi 7. Julius Stone, Legal System and Lawyers' Reasonings (1999), Universal, New

Delhi 8. Upendra Baxi, The Indian Supreme Court and Politics (1980), Eastern,

Lucknow 9. Rajeev Dhavan, The Supreme Court of India - A Socio-Legal Critique of Its

Juristic Techniques (1977), Tripathi, Bombay 10. John Rawls, A Theory of Justice (2000), Universal, New Delhi 11. Edward H. Levi, An Introduction to Legal Reasoning (1970), University of

Chicago

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Semester – II

LAW 408 LAW AND SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION OF INDIA 4 Credits 1. Law and Social Change

1.1 Laws as an instrument of social change 1.2 Law as the product of traditions and culture. Criticism and evaluation in

the light of Colonization and the introduction of common law system and institutions in India and its impact on further, development of law and legal institutions in India.

2. Law and Its Inter-relationships with Religion, Language, Community and

Regionalism 2.1 Religion, Language, community and regionalism as divisive factors 2.2 Responses of law to :

(a) Religion - through secularism (b) Language - through constitutional guarantees (c) Community - through non-discrimination (d) Regionalism - through unity (e) Non- discrimination and protective discrimination (reservation)

3. Women, Children and the Law :

3.1 Crimes against women 3.2 Gender injustice and its various forms 3.3 Women’s Commission 3.4 Empowerment of women: Constitutional and other legal provisions 3.5 Child labour 3.6 Sexual exploitation 3.7 Adoption and related problems 3.8 Children and education

4. Modernizations and the Law

4.1 Modernization as a value: Constitutional perspectives reflected in the fundamental duties

4.2 Modernization of social instructions through law 4.2.1 Reform of family law 4.2.2 Agrarian reform - Industrialisation of agriculture 4.2.3 Industrial reform: Free enterprise v. State regulation

Industrialisation v. environment protection 4.3 Reform of court processes

4.3.1 Criminal law: Plea bargaining; compounding and payment of compensation to victims

4.3.2 Civil law: (ADR) Confrontation v. consensus; meditation and conciliation; Lok Adalat

4.3.3 Prison reforms 4.4 Democratic decentralization and local self-government

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5. Alternative Approaches to Law 5.1 The jurisprudence of Sarvodaya - Gandhiji, Vinoba Bhave;

Jayaprakash Narayan -Surrender of dacoits; concept of gram nyalayalayas

5.2 Socialist thought on law and justice; an enquiry through constitutional debates on the right to property

5.3 Indian Marxist critique of law and justice 5.4 Naxalite movement: causes and cure

References: 1. Marc Galanter (ed.), Law and Society in Modern India (1997), Oxford 2. Robert Lingat, The Classical Law of India (1998), Oxford 3. U. Baxi, The Crisis of the Indian Legal System (1982), Vikas, New Delhi 4. U. Baxi (ed.), Law and Poverty Critical Essays (1988), Tripathi, Bombay

Manushi A, Journal about Women and Society 5. Duncan Derret, The State, Religion and Law in India (1999), Oxford University

Press, New Delhi 6. H. M. Seervai, Constitutional Law of India (1996), Tripathi 7. D. D. Basu, Shorter Constitution of India (1996), Prentice-Hall of India (P)

Ltd., New Delhi 8. Sunil Deshta and Kiran Deshta, Law and Menace of Child Labour (2000),

Armor Publications, Delhi 9. Savitri Gunasekhare, Children, Law and Justice (1997), Sage 10. Indian Law Institute, Law and Social Change: Indo-American Reflection

(1988), Tripathi 11. J. B. Kripalani, Gandhi: His Life and Thought (1970), Ministry of Information

and Broadcasting, 12. Government of India 13. M. P. Jain, Outlines of Indian Legal History (1993), Tripathi, Bombay 14. Agnes, Flavia, Law and Gender Inequality: The Politics of Women's Rights in

India (1999), Oxford

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Semester – II

LAW 409 LEGAL RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 4 credits 1. Research Methods

1.1 Socio-legal research 1.2 Doctrinal and non-doctrinal 1.3 Relevance of empirical research 1.4 Induction and deduction

2. Identification of Problem of Research

2.1 What is a research problem ? 2.2 Survey of available literature and bibliographical research 2.3 Legislative materials including subordinate legislation notification and

policy statements 2.4 Decisional materials including foreign decisions; methods of

discovering the "rule of the case" tracing the history of important cases and ensuring that these have not been over-ruled; discovering judicial conflict in the area pertaining to the research problem and the reasons thereof.

2.5 Juristic writings - a survey of juristic literature relevant to select problems in India and foreign periodicals

2.6 Compilation of list of reports or special studies conducted relevant to the problem

3. Preparation of the Research Design

3.1 Formulation of the Research problem 3.2 Devising tools and techniques for collection of data : Methodology

3.3.1 Methods for the collection of statutory and case materials and juristic literature

3.3.2 Use of historical and comparative research materials 3.3.3 Use of observation studies 3.3.4 Use of questionnaires/ interview 3.3.5 Use of case studies 3.3.6 Sampling procedures- design of sample, types of sampling to be

adopted 3.3.7 Use of scaling techniques 3.3.8 Jurimetrics

4. Classification and tabulation of data

4.1 Rules for tabulation 4.2 Explanation of tabulated data 4.3 Analysis of data

5 Computerized Research - A study of legal research programmes such as

Lexis and West law coding References: 1. M. O. Price, H. Bitner and Bysiewiez, Effective legal Research (1978) 2. Pauline V. Young, Scientific Social Survey and Research (1962)

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3. William J. Grade and Paul K. Hatt, Methods in Social Research, Mc Graw - Hill Book Company, London.

4. H. M. Hyman, Interviewing in Social Research (1965) 5. Payne, The Art of Asking Questions (1965) 6. Erwin C. Surrency, B. Fielf and J. Crea, A Guide to Research (1959) 7. Morris L. Cohan, Legal Research in Nutshell (1996), West Publishing Co. 8. Havard Law Review Association, Uniform System of Citations 9. ILI Publication, Legal Research and Methodology

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Semester – II

Law 410 EL - RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND LAW 4 Credits 1. Introduction

1.1 The Types of resources and Resource management 1.2 Resource management – traditional approach 1.3 Sustainable approach to manage resources 1.4 Agenda 21 and Resource management 1.5 Constitutional Provisions

2. Water Resources

2.1 The Prospects of Rain water harvesting in India Salinity 2.2 Ground water management 2.3 Water Prevention and Control of Pollution Act, 1974 2.4 The National Water Policy of 2002 and 2012 2.5 The Interlinking of Rivers in India: Problems and Prospects 2.6 Role of Civil Society and Institutions

3. Land Resources

3.1 Controls on land development 3.2 Eco-friendly land planning: conservation, utilization and conversion 3.3 The Mines Act, 1952 3.4 Mineral Concession Rules, 1960 as amended in 2012 3.5 Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013

4. Forest Resources

4.1 Forest 4.2 Wildlife 4.3 The Forest Act, 1927 4.4 The Forest Conservation Act, 1980 4.5 The Forest Policy of 1988 4.6 The Role of Indian Judiciary in protecting forests

5. Energy

5.1 Sources 5.2 Energy related Environmental problems 5.3 Utilization of conventional energy: hydroelectric, thermal and Nuclear 5.4 Non-conventional energy: Solar, wind, tidal and biogas 5.5 Renewables in India: Potential and Prospects 5.6 The Energy Conservation Amendment Act, 2010

References: 1. Derek Nolan, Environmental and Resource Management Law, LexisNexis (

2014) 2. Ramaswamy R. Iyer; Water and the Laws in India, Sage Publications (2009) 3. Chhatrapati Singh, Water Rights and Principles of Water Resources

Management, Indian Law Institute, (M.N. Tripathi, 1991) 4. Gadgil M, Guha R (1995) Ecology and equity. The use and abuse of nature in

contemporary India. Penguin Books India, New Delhi

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5. Philippe Cullet, Sujith Koonan, Water Law in India, Oxford University Press India, (2017)

6. Chhatrapati Singh, India's forest policy & forest laws, Natraj Publishers, 2000

7. Arjiya B. Majmudar, Debosmita Nandy and Swayambhu Mukherjee, Environment and Wild life Laws in India, Lexix Nexis, (2013)

8. Naseem Mohammad, Energy Law in India, Kluwer Law International (2010) 9. Nawneet Vibhaw, Energy Law and Policy in India, Lexis Nexis (2014)

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Semester – II

Law 411 EL INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAW 4 Credits 1. Evolution and Development of International Environmental Law

1.1 Evolution of International Environment Law in Pre – 1945 Era 1.2 Evolution of International Environmental Law during 1945 to 1972 1.3 Development of International Environmental Law Post 1972

(Stockholm Declaration) 2. Sources of International Environmental Law and Law Making Process

2.1 Treaties 2.2 Custom 2.3 General Principles of International Environmental Law 2.4 Judicial Decisions 2.5 Judicial Writing

3. International Governance and the formulation of Environmental Law

& Policy 3.1 The United Nation and the Development of International Environment

Policy and governance 3.2 Other International Organisations involved in the Development of

International Environmental Law & Policy 3.3 Scientific Organisations 3.4 Non-Government Organisations

4. Sustainable Development and Legal Implications

4.1 The Influence of Sustainable Development on the Law 4.2 Integration of Environment Protection and Economic development 4.3 The Right of Development 4.4 Intergeneration equity 4.5 Intra generation equity 4.6 Common but differentiate responsibility

5. International Trade and Environment Protection

5.1 Multilateral Trading system 5.2 Multilateral Environment Agreement and Trade Restrictions 5.3 Trade restriction to protect resources 5.4 Restriction to Protect the Domestic Environment

Reference: 1. S. Bhatt, International Environmental Law, A. P. H. Publishing Co. (2007) 2. Padma, International Environmental Law, Asia Law House (2003) 3. Patricia Birnie and Alan Boyle and Catherine Redgwe, International Law and

the Environment, Oxford University Press (2009) 4. P. Satyanarayana Prasad, International Trade and Environment Conflict and

Compatibility, The ICFAI University Press (2007) 5. Phillippe Sands, Principles of International Environmental Law, Cambridge

University Press (2012)

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6. Daniel Bodansky, Jutta Brunnée, and Ellen Hey, the Oxford Handbook of International Environmental Law.

7. Alexandre Charles Kiss, Dinah Shelton, International Environmental Law, Transnational Publishers, (2004)

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Semester – II

Law 412 EL: DISASTER MANAGEMENT: INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL REGIME 4 Credits

1. Understanding the Disaster

1.1 Disaster: Concepts, Definition and Meaning 1.2 Classification, Causes, Consequences and Impact of Disaster 1.4 Disasters: A Global and National View 1.5 Major Disasters Incidents at Local and Global

2. Disaster Management Cycle

2.1 Environmental Knowledge for Disaster Risk Managements 2.2 Risk Identification, Assessment and Analysis 2.3 Recovery, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction with Role of Civil Society. 2.4 Inter-relationship between Disasters and Development

3. Legal Framework for Disaster Management

3.1 National Disaster Management Act - 2005 3.2 National Disaster Management Plan – 2016 3.3 State Disaster Management Act – 2003 3.4 Nodal Agencies and Various Acts for Type of Disasters

4. Disaster Risk Management in India

4.1 The Role of Law in Disaster Risk Management 4.2 Role of Government and Inter-Governmental Agencies 4.3 Institutional arrangements (Mitigation, Response and Preparedness) 4.4 Role of NGO, Community Participation and Awareness

5. International Framework of Disaster Management

5.1 Yokohama Strategy and Action Plan for Safer World 5.2 The Hyogo Framework for Disaster Management 5.3 The Sendai framework for Action 5.4 IDRL: Model Act

Reference: 1. Introduction to International Disaster Management, Elsevier Science, Coppola

D P, 2007, London. 2. Manual on natural disaster management in India, M C Gupta, NIDM, New

Delhi 3. An overview on natural & man-made disasters and their reduction, R K

Bhandani, CSIR, New Delhi 4. Environmental Knowledge for Disaster Risk Management, Gupta Anil K,

Sreeja S. Nair. 2011, NIDM, New Delhi 5. Encyclopaedia of disaster management, Vol. I, II and III 6. Disaster management policy and administration, S L Goyal, Deep & Deep,

New Delhi, 2006, 7. Encyclopaedia of Disasters – Environmental Catastrophes and Human

Tragedies, Vol. 1 & 2, Angus M. Gunn, Greenwood Press, 2008

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8. Disasters in India Studies of grim reality, Anu Kapur & others, 2005, Rawat Publishers, Jaipur

9. Natural Disasters, David Alexander, Kluwer Academic London, 1999, 10. Disaster Management Act 2005, Publisher by Govt. of India Publications of

National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) on Various Templates and Guidelines for Disaster Management

11. NIDM Publications, 13 High Power Committee Report, 2001, J.C. Pant 12. National Disaster Management Policy, 2009, GoI 13. Sahni, Pardeep 2002, Disaster Mitigation Experiences and Reflections,

Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi. 14. Space Technology for Disaster management: A Remote Sensing & GIS

Perspective, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun. Roy, P.S. (2000): 15. Natural Disaster, APH Publishing Corporation, Sharma, R.K. & Sharma, G.

(2005) (ed) New Delhi. 16. Disaster Management in the Hills, Singh Satendra (2003): Concept Publishing

Company, New Delhi. 17. Disaster Management through Panchayati Raj, Taori, K (2005) Concept

Publishing Company, New Delhi. 18. Vulnerable India: A Geographical Study of Disasters, Kapur Anu 2010: IIAS

and sage Publishers, New Delhi. 19. UNISDR, 2002. Natural Disasters and Sustainable Development:

Understanding the links between Development, Environment and Natural Disasters.

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Semester-III

LAW 501 EL Biodiversity And Law 4 Credits

1. Biodiversity and its importance 1.1. Meaning and Importance 1.2. Need for protection of biodiversity 1.3. Threat to biodiversity 1.4. Biodiversity and economic valuation 1.5. Biodiversity and Sustainable Development

2. Laws Regulating Conservation of components of Biodiversity

2.1 Wildlife 2.1.1 Wildlife Protection Act 2.1.2 International Law regulating Wildlife 2.2 Forest 2.2.1 Forest Act 2.2.2 National Forest Policy 2.2.3 International Forest Principles 2.3 Wetlands 2.3.1 Ramsar Convention

3. Convention on Biological Diversity

3.1 Objective and Principle 3.2 Access and Benefit Sharing 3.2.1 Nagoya Protocol 3.3. Management and Handling of Biotechnology 3.3.1 Biosafety Protocol

4. Biodiversity Act, 2002

4.1 Regulation of Access to Biological Resources 4.2 National Biodiversity Authority 4.3.1 Function and Power of National Biodiversity Authority 4.3.2 Approval by the National Biodiversity Authority 4.4 State Biodiversity Authority 4.5 Biodiversity Rules, 2004

5. Biodiversity and other International Laws

5.1 United Nations Convention on Law of Seas 5.2 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species 5.3 World Heritage Convention 5.4 Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals 5.5 TRIPS Agreement

References :

1. Biodiversity Law and Practice by Yeshwant Shenoy 2. Biodiversity and Conservation : International Perspective, by A. Usha 3. Routledge Handbook of Biodiversity and the Law by Charles R. McMains,

B.Ong, Ebook, ISBN 9781315530857 4. An Introduction to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands by U.N.E.P.

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Semester-III LAW 502 EL Climate Change And Law 4 Credits

1. Basic understanding of Climate Change

1.1 Science of Climate Change 1.2 Need for Protection of Atmospehere 1.3 Factors responsible for Atmospheric Pollution 1.4 Climate Change and Sustainable Development 1.4.1 Chapter 9 of Agenda 21

2. Ozone Depletion and Transboundary Air Pollution

2.1 Vieanna Convention for the Protection of Ozone Layer 2.2 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer 2.3 Transboundary Air Pollution 2.4 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution

3. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

3.1 Evolution of the United Nations Climate Regime 3.2 Framework Convention on Climate Change 3.2.1 Preamble, Objective and Principle 3.2.2 Commitments 3.2.3 Institutions 3.2.4 Implementation and Compliance Mechanism

4. Post-UNFCC efforts

4.1 Kyoto Protocol 4.1.1 Carbon Credits 4.1.2 Clean Development Mechanism 4.1.3 Joint Implementation 4.2 Paris Agreement

5. Climate Change and India’s Initiative

5.1 Issues and concens of India and Climate Change 5.2 National Action Plan on Climate Change\ 5.3 State Action Plan on Climate Change 5.3.1 Gujarat State Action Plan on Climate Change

References :

1. International Climate Change Law, by Daniel Bodansky, Jutha Brunec &

Lavanya Rajamani, Oxford University Press.

2. Climate Change : Fro Science to Sustainability; Peake, Stephen Smith Joe,

Oxford University Press (2010) New Delhi.

3. Climate Crises : Challenges and Option, Raghunandan, D, All India Peoples

Science Network, 2008, New Delhi.

4. Carbon Sinks and Climate Change : Forests in The Fight Against Global

Warming by Colin A.G. Hunt.

25

Semester-III

LAW 503 EL Environment, Technology And Law 4 Credits

1. Interface between Environment and Technology

1.1. Stockholm Declaration : Emphasis on Science and Technology

1.2. Rio Declaration : Emphasis on Science and Technology

1.3. Agenda 21 : Chapter 16

1.4. Technology as a Tool of Sustainable Development

2. Bio-Technology and Environment

2.1. Evolution of Bio-Technology

2.2. Techniques and Applications of Bio-Technology

2.3. Bio-Technology and Sustainable Agriculture

2.4. Intellectual Property Rights aspect of Bio-Technology

3. Bio-Technology and Genetic Resources

3.1. Applications of Bio-Technology on Genetic Resources

3.1.1. Benefits of Applications of Bio-Technology on Genetic Resources

3.2. Applications of Bio-Technology on Plant Genetic Resources

3.2.1. Genetic Engineering Crops

3.2.2. Bio-Technology and Food Security

3.3. Protection of Plant varieties

4. Technology on Controlling Pollution

4.1. Clean Technologies and Climate Change

4.2. Technologies Controlling Water Pollution

4.3. Technologies Controlling Air Pollution

4.4. Nano Technology and Pollution Prevention

5. International Instruments regulating Technological Applications on

Components of Environment

5.1. UPOV

5.2. CBD

5.3. ITPGRFA

5.4. TRIPS Agreement

References : 1. William H. Lesser and Robert T. Masson, An Economic Analysis of the Plant

Variety Protection Act, 1983 2. Pat Roy Mooney, The Law of the Seed: Another Development and Plant

Genetic Resources, Development Dialogue, 1983 3. Iver P. Cooper, Biotechnology and the Law, 1996 4. Francesco Franioni and Tullio Scovazz (Edited), Biotechnology and

International Law, (2006), Hart Publishing, Oxford and Protland, Oregon. 5. Francesco Franioni (Edited), Biotechnologies and International Human Rights

2006), Hart Publishing, Oxford and Protland, Oregon 6. Dr. T. Ramakrishan (Edited), Biotechnolgy and Intellectual Property Rights

(2003), CIPRA, NLSIU, Bangalore.

26

Semester-III

LAW 504 EL Environment And Human Rights 4 Credits

1. Inter-relationship between Human Rights and Environment Protection

1.1 Stockholm Declaration and Human Rights aspects of Environment

1.2 Right to Development and Environment Protection

1.3 Rio Declaration and Human Rights

1.4 Sustainable Development and Human Rights

2. Environmental Rights and International Instruments on Human Rights

2.1 The Concept of Existing Rights Approach

2.2 Right to Food

2.3 Right to Health

2.4 Right to Property

2.5 Right to Clean Environment

3. Procedural Environmental Rights as Human Rights

3.1 Access to Environment Information

3.2 Participation in Environment Decision Making

3.3 Access to legal redress for Environmental wrong

4. Human Rights Approach to Environmental Protection

4.1 Traditional Knowledge and Environment Protection

4.1.1 Right to Indigenous People

4.1.2 Intellectual Property aspect of Traditional Knowledge

4.1.3 Issues of Benefit Sharing of Traditional Knowledge

4.2 Rights of Forest Dwellers

4.3 The Scheduled Tribes and other Traditional Forest Dwellers

(Recognition and Forest Right) Act, 2006

5. Judiciary and Protection of Environment Rights as Fundamental Rights

5.1 Judicial Expansion of Article -21

5.2 Judicial interpretation of Directive Principles of State Policy

5.3 Judicial incorporation of International Environmental Principles

References

1. Human Rights and the Environment : Cases, Law and Policy by John E.

Bonine and Svitlana Kravchenko

2. Human Right and Environmental Sustainability by Kerri Woods

3. UNEP Compendium on Human Rights and the Environment

27

Semester-III

LAW 505 EL Emerging Areas of Environmental Law 4 Credits Unit- I: General Introduction and Conceptual Framework

1. Introduction origin and concept of waste -Hazardous, E-waste 2. Definitions of wastes 3. Types and classification of wastes 4. Waste Disposal methods 5. Various impacts of waste on environment and human health

Unit-II: Legal Framework: National Regime:

1. Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 2. The Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary

Movement) Rules, 2016 3. Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998 4. The Plastic Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011 5. The E- Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2016 6. The Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001

Unit-III: Legal Framework -International Regime:

1. Vienna Convention on Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage, 1997 2. Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous

Wastes and their Disposal, Basel, 1989 3. Convention on the Ban of the Import into Africa and the Control of

Transboundary Movements and Management of Hazardous Wastes within Africa, Bamako, 1991

4. Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade, Rotterdam, 1998

5. Minamata Convention on Mercury, Minamata 2013 6. Convention to Ban the Importation into Forum Island Countries of

Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes and to Control the Transboundary Movement and Management of Hazardous Wastes within the South Pacific Region, Waigani, 1995

Unit-IV – Nuclear - Radio-Active Waste, its Management and Regulations:

1. Nuclear Energy Agency 2. International Energy Advisory Council 3. Intentional Nuclear Regulator Association 4. Code of Conduct on Safety and Security of Radioactive Sources

Unit-V: Other Wastes its legal regulations:

1. Plastic waste 2. Construction Debris wastes 3. Genetics waste 4. Batteries wastes

28

Semester-III

LAW 506 EL Enforcement of Environmental Laws

1. Enforcement and Remedies for Environmental wrongs under Common

Laws and Criminal Law

1.1 Nuisance

1.2 Trespass

1.3 Strict Liability

1.4 Absolute Liability

1.5 Indian Penal Code and Environment Protection

1.6 Criminal Procedure Code and Environment Protection

2. Constitutional Provisions and Remedies

2.1 Fundamental Rights

2.2 Directive Principles of State Policies

2.3 Fundamental Duties

2.4 Writ Jurisdiction

3. Role of Pollution Control Board to enforce the Provisions of Pollution

Laws

3.1 Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

3.2 Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

3.3 Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

4. Enforcement Mechanism and Role of Various Boards

4.1 Wildlife Boards under Wildlife Protection Act, 1972

4.2 Biodiversity Board under Biodiversity Act, 2002

4.3 Role of Forest Officer under Forest Act

4.4 Role of State and Central Government under Forest Conservation Act,

1980

5. Appellate Authority and Enforcement of Environmental Laws

5.1 The Powers of Appellate Authorities under Water Act

5.2 The Powers of Appellate Authorities under Air Act

5.3 Role and Function of National Green Tribunal under National Green

Tribunal Act, 2010

5.4 Supreme Court as a Guardian of Environment

29

LL.M. Semester IV Group E (Environment and Legal Order)

LAW 507PR Class room Teaching 4 Credits

Each student will be assign two topics in advance to deliver class room teaching.

Each class will be of 45 minutes by selecting any methods of teaching relating to

Law and shall be assessed according to his/her performance.

LAW 508PR Doctrinal Research 4 Credits

Each student has to submit a doctrinal research on the basis of the doctrinal

research method taught in the legal research methodology by collecting secondary

data from various sources collating with legal issues.

LAW 509PR Non-Doctrinal Research 4 Credits

Each student has to submit a doctrinal research on the basis of the doctrinal

research method taught in the legal research methodology by collecting primary data

from various sources collating with legal issues.

LAW 510PR Clinical Research Report 4 Credits

As a part of clinical research each student has to visit for a week to different Legal

Institutions to understand the functioning of these institutions and its relation with the

society at large and has to submit a report for evaluation.

LAW 511PT Dissertation and Submission of Thesis 8 Credits

To make the LL.M. program in Environmental Laws research oriented every student

has to carry out Dissertation work selecting any topic from the subjects taught in the

last three semesters applying Legal Research Methodology which is to be submitted

for evaluation internally externally has to appear for viva-voce.