ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS, AND MIXTURE

MATTER CLASIFICATION

• MATTER or SUBSTANCE areEverything having mass and ocupying a space

Matter is everything around you. Matter is anything made of atoms and molecules. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space

• MATTER clasification arePure subStance and mixture

• PURE SUBsTANCE consist ofElements and compounds

ELEMENT• ELEMENTS arePure substances which cannot be dissociated anymore into other simple substances using an ordinary chemical reaction

• ELEMENT CLASIFICATIONMatallic, non metallic, and metalloid elements

ELEMENT

Elements having similiarities in chemical properties are clasification inti a group

Some groups of elements are as follows

HalogenAlkaliAlkaline earthNoble gas elements

The Rules in Writing Element Symbols

The element symbols which are used now were made by JONS JACOBS BERZELIUS

The Rules in Writing Berzelius’s Element Symbols are as follow1. Every element is symbolized using a letter adopted

from the initial of latin name for the element2. The element symbol is written using a capital

latter3. If there are two or more elements having the same

initial name for the latin name, they are differentiated by adding one letter relating name for the element anf it is written using a lowercase

ATOM AND MOLECULES

• Atoms are the general term used to describe pieces of matter.

• Molecule is A group of two or more atoms linked together in a chemical bond. Molecules are the smallest part of a compound that can participate in a chemical reaction.

MOLECULEMolecule consist of

• Molecules of element:The form of single atoms or combination of the same kind of elements.Ex: O2 , Cl2 , H2 , F2

• Molecules of compound:the form of combination from different kind of elements.

• Ex: H2O, CO2, H2SO4

Chemical formula Because compound molecules are combination of two or more elements, then their chemical formula is a combination of element symbols of the element component and the number of component atoms in a chemical formula for that compound molecules is represented by using an index number

H2 SO4Element: 3 ( H, S, O)

Index number H= 2 (hydrogen atoms = 2)

S= 1 ( sulfur atom = 1)

O=4 (oxygen atoms = 4)

Atom: 7 atoms

COMPOUND• A COMPOUND ISPure substance which can still dissociated into other simpler substance and a combination of some elements .

Compound have different properties ffrom each component element

Mixture

• A Mixture isA substance which consist of combination of some other substance which are different in kind with inconstant ratio

Mixture consist of

• Heterogeneous consist of suspension and koloid

• Homogeneous called solution

Mixture • A heterogeneous mixture isA mixture of two or more substances in which substances can still be differentiated from each other

Colloid characteristic:• The boundary layer between its componens can only be differentiated by helping ultramicroscope

• The composition of colloid components is almost identical in every part

• The solid components and the liquid components of acolloid can separate by themselve in aconsiderabli long time

• Particles colloid are tiny in size and cannot be separated using acommon filter

Ex: milk, smoke, fog, jelly

Suspension characteristic:• Boundary layer between its components is still clear

• The composition of the components is not identical in every part

• The solid components and the liquuid components of the suspension can seperate in ashort time

• Particles suspension are larger than those of colloid and can be separated using acommon filter

Ex: oil-water, muddy water, whitewash

Mixture

• A homogeneous mixture isA mixture having a uniform composition and has no boundary layer between its components, so the components particles of the mixture cannot be differentiated anymore

Ex: air, soft drink, alcohol, vinegar, sugar solution, salt solution

Mixture

A solution always consist of• Dissolve substance is called solute• Substance which dissolves it is called solvent

A dilute solution is a solution the solute of which is much less yhan the solvent

Consentrated solution is a solution the solute of which relatively more than the solvent or the mount of solvent and solute in the solution is almost in balance

Mixture

• A saturated solution is a solution in which, when more solute is added, the solute cannot be dissolve anymore without heating

• Consentration is the amount of substance (mole/gram) dissolve in one liter of solution

Mixture