Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

1.0 Introduction

This chapter provides an introduction to the scope

of this thesis. It is divided into seven sections.

Section 1.1 present general overview about the

entrepreneur performances and wellness element, second

section (section 1.2) is about the problem statement

that exists from this study and follows by research

objective in section 1.3. Next, research question can be

found in the section 1.4. The significant of study is

briefly discusses in section 1.5 followed section 1.6 is

described about scope of study. Finally, in section 1.7

it about the limitation of study.

1.1 Background of Study

Generally speaking, entrepreneur is not just about the

business, it is more than a person who sets up a business or

businesses, taking on financial in the hope of profit.

1

Basically, entrepreneur can be described as an individual

who, rather than working as an employee, runs a business and

assumes all the risk reward of a given business venture,

idea, or good or service offered for sale. The entrepreneur

is commonly seen as a business leader and innovator of new

ideas and business processes.

Successful entrepreneur must have good physical and

mental health. There is some element of wellness that should

be focused such as emotional wellness, physical wellness,

intellectual wellness and spiritual wellness by

entrepreneurs. Therefore, in this study conducted with the

purpose to determine the relationship between the

effectiveness of wellness element to the achievement of an

entrepreneur. To face by the entrepreneur success in

marketplace, there are many obstacles while to run the

business until full established. The entrepreneur there must

update themselves with good in skill, knowledge, full of

experiences and also being creative to run the business.

Most people are aware of their unhealthy behaviors and

seem satisfied with their life as long as they are free from

symptoms of disease (Hoeger &Hoeger, 2003). The term of

2

wellness has been defined in many ways. Although there may be

a variety of views on what wellness encompasses, the National

Wellness Institute, along with other professionals such as

health educators, physical educators, nurses and physicians,

in health and wellness, share many interpretations and models

of wellness.

However, there appears to be general agreement that:

wellness is a conscious, self-directed, and evolving process

of achieving full potential, wellness is a multi-dimensional

and holistic, encompassing lifestyle, mental and spiritual

well-being, and the environment, wellness is a positive and

affirming (National Wellness Institute, 2006).

Health and wellness professionals describe wellness an

encompassing several components that are conducive to health

and defined as the integration of many different components

that expand one’s potential to live and work effectively, and

to make a significant contributions to society. As

entrepreneurs, a number of modern conveniences are working to

impair the health and wellness of the population through

decreased exercise: time spent at work and in cars, media

attractions, computers and searching the client. The

3

affordability of readily available fast and processed food is

contributions to consumptions of empty and excessive

calories.

Many individual have reported the relationship of the

role wellness practices have a well-being, and the effect

practices have on coping with psychosocial stress. The

relationship between health practices, perceived stress, and

the levels of good health was significant. These

relationships were highly interconnected, making them

difficult to run the business. For example, poor health

practices could compromise well-being, causing high level of

stress; high stress level could lead to poor health problems.

Moreover, it is clear that we must understand the important

role wellness plays in the reductions of health problem that

exist, accepting the reality that each dimension must be

fostered for the achievement of a balanced and productive

lifestyle.

1.2 Problem Statements

It could be defined that, life as an entrepreneur is

hectic. This is due to the decision and faster action to be

4

carried out to sustain or improve their business. Many of

them are not noticed that, they actually need to improve

their healthy life style. The reason of that is when they are

in good condition, all task can be done in such a proper way.

Nowadays, the level of awareness is still low among the

entrepreneur. When the entrepreneur does not concern about

these wellness element, they will easily get affected by

health problem such as insomnia, and negative thinking. When

the entrepreneur is not in good conditions, it will effect of

having health problem and will ruin the business.

The elements of wellness that consist of emotional,

intellectual, spiritual, and physical wellness are the main

reason to being in the well-being life style. When an

entrepreneur implied all the element of wellness, he/she will

get lots of advantages such as always in health conditions,

easy to manage stress, controlling the anger, passions with

the business and determination what are the entrepreneur did.

Most of the entrepreneur nowadays is not concerns about

the health and wellness even though this element is one a way

for them in measuring their success in the future

5

1.3 Research Objective

The objective of this research are listed as follow:

To investigate which factors most contribute to

perceived wellness.

To investigate the impact of perceived wellness on

entrepreneur performances.

To investigate the demographic characteristic on

entrepreneur performances.

1.4 Research Question

Few question will be appoint to determine the effectiveness

of the variables towards the result. The questions are as

followed:

What are the effects of element of wellness to the entrepreneur performances?

How element of wellness can influences to being a

successful entrepreneur?

What are the benefits of element of wellness to the

entrepreneurs?

How concerns the entrepreneurs about the element of

wellness?

What are the levels of awareness of entrepreneur about

the element wellness?

6

1.5 Significances of Study

The purpose of study was to identify the variety and

effect of wellness towards entrepreneur and the relationship

the between the element of wellness entrepreneur

performances. This research emphasize on the entrepreneur

achievement when they start running the business until they

are success.

Hence, this study was helping the entrepreneur to open

up their mind regarding the importance of health while

running the business. Besides, this study expose entrepreneur

to the new knowledge and skill which need to be counted in

running the business.

When the entrepreneurs concerns and implied all the

element of wellness, they will get benefits directly such as

the entrepreneur will always stayed in well-being during

running the business. Furthermore, the entrepreneur can

increase their business achievement when the research is

done.

1.6 Scope of Study

7

This research was conducted at Universiti Malaysia

Kelantan (UMK), Kelantan. The purpose of using respondent

from UMK because UMK is known as Entrepreneurship University

where one of its visions is to produce and encourage student

to be an entrepreneur in the future. The element of wellness

that will measure is about emotional wellness, spiritual

wellness, intellectual wellness, and physical wellness. The

participant of this research is going to be the person who

already as an entrepreneur and also students in this

University Malaysia Kelantan first year students until last

year’s students in entrepreneurship and business faculty. The

reason why these participant is selected because there are

easy to find the entrepreneur in this state. So, the data

will easily collected data about the element of wellness to

entrepreneur achievement.

1.7 Limitations of Study

There are several limitations for this study. First, due

to the subjectivity of the study, the current moods or

attitudes of the respondents may influence the response.

Second, information collected from the study was limited to

those questions asked from the survey and may not elicit

8

additional information that could be obtained by other

research methods. Third, the study was limited to the

technology available through collected data via the Internet,

omitting other possible methods of data collections. Fourth,

there existed an element of bias of my conventionalization of

the problem and the various fundamentals applied. Fifth, the

study will limited to community entrepreneur and will not

reflect the opinions of my research. It is noted that the

respondent provided answers to future question based on their

own experiences, or their intuitive understanding of human

response to interior environments and design. Ratings of the

element wellness were the value judgments of the respondents.

Their opinions were based on the information provided on the

survey form, rather than on their original concept of

wellness.

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0 Introduction

9

This review of the literature presents the case

regarding the decision to study the effect of wellness

element towards entrepreneur performances, provides an

overview of wellness element includes emotional

wellness, intellectual wellness, spiritual wellness and

physical wellness. In this chapter also described the

perceived wellness and follows by the entrepreneur

performances.

2.1 Element of Wellness

Element of wellness defined in this study include

emotional, physical, social, occupational, spiritual, and

intellectual wellness. A sum of those elements of wellness,

term well-being, was defined by Spirduso (1995) as a

‘theoretical concept that included the ideas of contentment,

morale, and happiness’. Wellness from a holistic perspective

is holism emerged from the approach used by scientists to

study complex phenomena such as organisms and ecosystem

(Richards and Bergin, 1997) and from a satisfactions,

happiness, and general satisfactions, the latter being a term

10

similarly understood by many cultures and used in

international studies.

It has been argued that wellness is subjective,

inherently has a value judgment about what it is and what it

is not, and that an accurate definition and measurement of

the construct is difficult. Therefore, they have

conceptualized wellness on a continuum and not as an end

state (Sarason,2000). Larson (1990, pg, 123) states that the

World Health Organization (WHO) was the first to introduce a

holistic definition of health as ‘a state of complete

physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely.

In additions, wellness also state as suggested much more

could be done to increasing freedom from disease and

disability, promoting a state of well-being to develop

adequate levels of physical, mental and social activity. From

Ardell (2005) state that a lifetime devotee to wellness

research, describes the conscious choice involved in taking

responsibility for improving the quality of one’s life by

adopting changes in various areas of lifestyle, resulting in

a high level of well-being. Hatfield & Hatfield (1992)

emphasized the cognitive processes involved in enhancing

11

overall well-being within various domains: intellectual,

physical, social, emotional, and spiritual.

Furthermore, wellness involves a process of integrations

including awareness, education and growth. Wellness is an

active process through which people become aware of, and make

choices towards a more successful existence (National

Wellness Institute, 2006). Professionals describe wellness as

encompassing several components that are conducive to health,

and defined as the integration of many different components

that expand one’s potential to live and work effectively of

many a significant contributions to society.

2.2 Emotional Wellness

Emotional wellness includes the degree to which one

feels positive and enthusiastic about oneself and life

(Hettler, 1980). Another description is the ability to

understand one’s feeling as well as those of others,

accepting a person’s or one’s own limitations, and

achievement of emotional stability. It also implies the

ability to express emotions appropriately, adjust to change,

cope with stress, and enjoy life despite disappointments and

12

frustrations (Floyd, Mimms & Yelding, 2003; Power 7 Dodd,

2003)

In additions, emotional wellness is conceptualized as

awareness and control of feelings, as well as a realistic,

positive, and development view of the self, conflict and life

circumstances, coping with characteristic of extroverts are

actually an outcome of higher levels of positive affect. The

relation of wealth to well-being is at best a low positive

one, although it is clear that material supports can enhance

access to resources that are important for happiness and

self-realization. There appear to be many risks to poverty

but few benefits to wealth when it comes to well-being.

Maintains emotional wellness requires monitoring and

exploring thought or feeling, identifying obstacles to

emotional well-being, and finding solutions to emotional

problem.

Furthermore, the emotional wellness includes the degree

to which one feels positive and enthusiastic about one’s and

life. It includes the capacity to manage one’s feeling and

related behaviors including the realistic assessment of one’s

limitations, development of autonomy, and ability to cope

13

effectively with stress. The well and healthy person

maintains satisfying relationships with others. Awareness of

and accepting a wide range of feelings in our self and others

is essential to wellness.

2.3 Physical Wellness

Lots of researchers before have reported the positive

psychological benefits of regular physical exercise. Such

benefits have included reduced anxiety, reduced depression,

and improved mood and suppressed anger. Physically active

individuals regularly exercise, eat a balanced diet, and

maintain a recommended body weight. Based on Corbin about

physical wellness is getting enough sleep, seeing the doctor

when needed, and avoiding alcohol and other drugs also

displays of physically healthy people (Corbin et al, 2006:

Hoger & Hoeger, 2003: Hoeger et al, 2002).

Physical development encourages learning about diet and

nutrition while discouraging the use of tobacco, drugs and

excessive alcohol consumption. Optimal physical wellness is

14

met through the combination of good exercise and eating

habits. The physical dimensions of wellness entail personal

responsibility and care for minor illnesses and also knowing

when professional medical attentions are needed. Physical

fitness is the ability of the body to adapt to the demands of

physical effort. A physically fit individual should be able

to perform moderate to vigorous levels of physicals activity

without becoming tired.

In additions, physical wellness can defined as a healthy

body maintained by good nutrition, regular exercise, avoiding

harmful habits, making informed and responsible decisions

about health, and seeking assistance when necessary. To

remain well, physical wellness requires that to take steps to

protect the physical health by eating a well-balanced diet,

getting plenty of physical activity and exercise, maintaining

proper weight, getting enough sleep, and avoiding risky

sexual behavior. The long-term benefits of physical activity

includes decreased risk of cardiovascular disease, lower

diabetes risk, decreased risk of colon cancer, lower blood

pressure in those with high blood pressure, and prevention

15

pressure. Physical activity is important not only for adults

but for adolescents and children as well.

The physical wellness entails personal responsibility

and care for minor illnesses and also knowing when

professional medical attention is needed. It is benefits of

looking good and feeling terrific most often lead to the

psychological benefits of enhanced self-esteem, self-control,

determination and a sense of direction.

2.4 Intellectual Wellness

Intellectual wellness is characterized by the ability to

make sound decisions and to think critically. It includes

openness to new ideas, motivations to master skills, and a

sense of humor, creativity, and curiosity. Striving for

personal growth and a willingness to seek out and use new

information in an effective manner for personal and social

development are also part of intellectual wellness.

In additions, the intellectual wellness is the ability

to apply knowledge that a person has acquired, create

opportunities to learn more, and engage the mind in lively

interaction with the world around is defines as intellectual

16

wellness (Hoeger & Hoeger, 2003; Hoeger et al, 2002).

Intellectual wellness includes being open to new ideas, a

capacity to question and to think critically, and the

motivation to master new skills and be creative. An active

mind is essential to wellness; it detects problems, finds

solutions, and directs behavior (DiMonda, 2005). People who

enjoy intellectual wellness never stop learning; they seek

out new experiences and challenges (Fahey, Insel, Roth,

2003).

2.5 Spiritual Wellness

Spiritual wellness is the sense that life is meaningful

and has a purpose; the ethics and morals that guide us and

give meaning and directions to life. Spiritual wellness

implies a search for meaning and purpose in human existence

leading one to strive for a state of harmony with oneself and

others while working to balance inner needs with the rest of

the world.

In additions, spiritual wellness has different meanings

to different people. For many it involves creating a set of

guiding beliefs, principles, or values that give purpose and

meaning to life. Being a spiritually well person means

17

achieving a sense of wholeness personally, and in the

relationships with others. It also influences people on an

individual level, as well as community level, where it can

bond people through compassion, love, forgiveness, and self-

sacrifice (Fahey, Insel, &Roth, 2003)

2.6 Perceived Wellness

Perceived wellness have attempted to define and filter

out major concept around the meaning of wellness by several

authors. Larson (1999,p. 123) states that the World Health

Organization (WHO) was the first to introduce a holistic

definition of health as ‘a state of complete physical, mental

and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease

and infirmity’ (1948), and many subsequent conceptualizations

of wellness include this central concept. Dunn (1977)

emphasized perceived wellness as a positive state, one that

is beyond simply non-sickness, elaborating on the WHO

definition by emphasizing the varying degrees of wellness and

its interrelated, ever- changing aspects. Dunn (1977)

conceptualized the dimensions of wellness fluctuating as

people make active choices moving towards or away from their18

maximum potential. He detailed the interconnected nature of

wellness of the mind, body, and environment, which exists as

a dynamic equilibrium as one tries to balance between each.

Many researchers have identified and define the various

components, or interrelated areas, that comprise wellness.

Reardon (1998, p. 117) defines wellness as “a composite of

physical, emotional, spiritual, intellectual, occupational

and social health; health promotion is the means to achieve

wellness”. It implies proactive stances towards achieving

optimal physical, mental, spiritual and emotional well-being.

Therefore, I am taking the definition of perceived

wellness can be defined by including the four elements;

emotional wellness, intellectual wellness, physical wellness

and spiritual wellness.

Perceived Wellness is defined as the sense that one is

living in a manner that permits the experience of consistent,

balanced growth in the emotional, intellectual, physical,

psychological, social and spiritual dimensions of human

existence. When studying wellness, it is essential to rely on

an individual’s own perspective. It would make little sense

to pronounce that a particular person is happy unless that

19

person thought so himself or herself. One way to identify

whether individuals are living well is to ask them.

2.7 Entrepreneurs Performances

An entrepreneur is confident in themselves and their

abilities. They recognize that they don’t know everything or

control all the available resources. Instead, they have a

keen ability to understand what they needs. The

entrepreneur, the ability to understand and see opportunity

is critical for success. Entrepreneur likes to challenge

themselves and search for opportunities.

Qualities of successful entrepreneur refer to the

desired traits, which enable an entrepreneur to do what is

expected of him/her and succeed in business. It is the

combinations of these characteristic that is required to

enable any one to perform their careers as entrepreneurs.

For a business to be successful, every business owner or

manager needs to ensure that their business is operating as

efficiency and effectively as possible. Improving the

efficiency and effectiveness of the business requires an

20

understanding of the key drivers within the business and a

practical approach to implementing processes that will

optimize these key drivers.

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.0 Introduction

21

This chapter describes the design, methods and

procedures used in this study. It is presented in five

sections: (3.1) research framework, (3.2) research design,

(3.3) sample size, (3.4) questionnaire distribution process,

and finally (3.5) data analysis procedures.

3.1 Research framework

The method of this study is using the quantitative

method because researcher wants to find the relationship

between the independent variables (IV) and dependent variable

(DV) in this study. Researcher wants to know the

relationship between elements of wellness towards

entrepreneur achievements.

The dependent variables for this study are entrepreneur

performances. Since there are lots of entrepreneur in

Kelantan, but most of them not applied and concern about the

element of wellness can help them to be more successful. The

element of wellness that involves as independent variables

are emotional wellness, intellectual wellness, physical

wellness and spiritual wellness. These entire wellness

elements will influences via perceived wellness to the

entrepreneur performances. In additions, the demographic

22

factors such as gender and also races also give impact to the

entrepreneur performances while their running the business.

The underlying theoretical framework of this study was

presented in Figure 3.1. Based on Figure 3.1, the model

consisted four independent variables (physical wellness,

emotional wellness, intellectual wellness and spiritual

wellness)

23

IndependentVariables

PhysicalWellness

IntellectualWellness

SpiritualWellness

EmotionalWellness

DependentVariables

PerceivedWellness

EntrepreneurPerformances

Figure 3.1: Conceptual Model of Study

3.2 Research Design

Research design is the plan of research that essentially

guides the conduct of the whole research (Burns and Bush,

2002). The researchers’ needs to develop a proper research

design before conducting data collection and analysis,

because research design will guides the logical flow of the

research project (Noorshella, 2013).

The research design of this study was using the

descriptive quantitative approach design. The data for this

research was collected through questionnaire. The

questionnaire was distributed personally around Kelantan and

also University Malaysia Kelantan campus Pengkalan Chepa,

Kelantan. The questionnaire will be asking about the

independent variables towards the dependent variables.

The measurement scale for the data was ordinal scale

which the data will scale from one to five and from strongly

disagreed to strongly agree. Meanwhile, for the basic

questions such as gender, age, involvement as an entrepreneur

that is nominal scale was used to the categories.

3.3 Sample Frame

24

The sample size of this research was 50 entrepreneurs

around Kelantan and 50 students from Faculty of Business and

Entrepreneurship University Malaysia Kelantan. They were

varies from gender. Besides that, convenience sampling will

undergo for the entire participants. Demographics such as

ethnicity, age, educational level will be randomly collected.

3.4 Questionnaires Distribution Process

100 sets of questionnaire was prepared and distributed

to the participant. Each participant will receive a gift or

token of appreciation when the questionnaire answered to

increase their commitment in answering the question. The

questionnaire will be distributed personally or by peers. The

times of the distribution were random, either during the day

period of working days or on the night during the

entrepreneur’s free time.

Furthermore, to increase the reliability of the

questionnaire, the participant who answered the questionnaire

25

was supervised by the researcher. Any misunderstand or

complication can be asked directly to the researcher.

3.5 Data Analysis Procedure

After the data is collected the data will be analyse

carefully by the researcher to get a good result. Basically,

all the data will be score using exactly the same procedure

and criteria for all the data to avoid bias. The data will be

recorded systematically and categorized demographically for

easier to record. Moreover, the data is double checked by the

researcher to ensure no mistakes have been made. The

researcher will also take special care of the data to ensure

that the data is accurate and consistent to avoid errors in

processing the data.

The variable that measure in the research is will be

measure using along the scale that provided. All the data

that collected will be summarize using the statistic software

called SPSS 19.0 software (Statistical Packages for the

Social Scientist). The following manipulations were carried

26

out on the data: mean, standard deviation, frequencies,

regression, and a factor analysis.

CHAPTER 4

DATA ANALYSIS

4.1 Introduction

In this chapter will discuss about the finding from

survey about the effect of wellness element towards

entrepreneur performance. The target data have been

collected from 100 respondents in Kelantan. The SPSS

19.0 statistical package was used for descriptive,

correlational analysis procedures and regression

analysis. In this chapter, the results are presented.

The researcher will provide related to sample

demographic data will information specific to the group

of participants.

Results from the survey forms returned were

compiled and are summarized in the following paragraphs.

In addition to the returned survey forms and their

27

responses, there were several notable results that came

from other responses. These will be addressed in the

findings. The researcher will then discuss information

regarding the relationship between the variables through

bivariate analysis. Next, tests of the general research

questions will be presented in narrative form and in

tables and figures. Finally, the researcher provides an

overview of the study findings

4.2 Frequency Analysis

The basic analysis of this study was including frequency

analysis. The researcher discussed in detail the respondent’s

profile and general attitude and behavior for this research.

The data obtained from part A that included questions among

various demographic variables of the respondent such as

gender, race, age, type of business, highest level education

and duration running the business.

28

4.2.1 Number of respondents based of gender.

Table 4.2.1.1 below shows the number of respondents

based on gender. From the result, the highest number of

respondent is female with frequency score 77 respondents from

100 people and only 23 respondents from 100 people take parts

in this research.

Table 4.2.1.1: Statistic table for gender

Gender

Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulativePercent

Valid Male 23 20.9 23.0 23.0Female 77 70.0 77.0 100.0Total 100 90.9 100.0

Total 100 100.0

29

Figure 4.2.1.1: Number of respondents based on gender.

4.2.2 Number of respondents based on ethnicity.

Table 4.2.2.1 below shows the number of respondent based

on ethnicity. The ethnicity involve in these research are

Malays, Chinese, Indian, and Others. From the result the

highest score for ethnicity recorded is Malays with total

score 85 people from 100 respondents. The percentage of the

Malays population take part in this research is 77.3 %.

Table 4.2.2.1: Statistic table for ethnicity

EthnicityFrequenc

yPercen

tValidPercent

Cumulative Percent

30

Valid Malay 85 77.3 85.0 85.0Chinese

4 3.6 4.0 89.0

Indian 6 5.5 6.0 95.0Others 5 4.5 5.0 100.0Total 100 90.9 100.0

Figure 4.2.2.1: Number of respondents based on ethnicity

4.2.3 Number of respondents based on age

Table 4.2.3.1 below shows the number of respondent based

on age. From the result, the highest number of respondent is

in age 20 to 30 with frequency score 83 people. Second

highest respondent is in age 31 to 40 with frequency score 14

from 100 people respondent.

Table 4.2.3.1 Statistic table respondent based on age

31

AgeFrequency Percent Valid

PercentCumulativePercent

Valid 20 - 30

83 75.5 83.0 83.0

31 - 40

14 12.7 14.0 97.0

41 - 50

2 1.8 2.0 99.0

51 - 60

1 .9 1.0 100.0

Total 100 90.9 100.0

Figure 4.2.3.1: Number of respondents based on age.

4.2.4 Number of respondent based on type of business.

Table 4.2.4.1 below shows the types of business that

respondent choose from the list provided in the

32

questionnaire. The highest types of business in Kelantan is

own business with frequency score 52 follow by cooperative

business with frequency score 25 from 100 people respondent.

The lowest frequency for types of business is franchise with

frequency score only 9 respondents.

Table 4.2.4.1: Statistic table respondent based on typeof business

Type Of BusinessFrequenc

yPercent Valid

PercentCumulative Percent

Valid Own 52 47.3 52.0 52.0Cooperative

25 22.7 25.0 77.0

Franchise 9 8.2 9.0 86.0Others 14 12.7 14.0 100.0Total 100 90.9 100.0

33

Figure 4.2.4.1: Number of respondent based on type of

business.

4.2.5 Number of respondent based on highest level education

Table 4.2.5.1 below shows the numbers of frequency for

highest level education among respondent in Kelantan. From

the result highest score for highest level education is

degree with 65 respondents. Second high score for highest

level education is STPM with 21 respondents. The lowest

frequency for highest level education is diploma with

frequency score is only 2 respondents.

Table 4.2.5.1: Statistic table respondent based onhighest level education.

Highest level EducationFrequenc

yPercen

tValidPercent

CumulativePercent

Valid SPM 4 3.6 4.0 4.0STPM 21 19.1 21.0 25.0Diploma

2 1.8 2.0 27.0

Degree 65 59.1 65.0 92.0Others 8 7.3 8.0 100.0Total 100 90.9 100.0

34

Figure 4.2.5.1: Number of respondent based on highest level

education.

4.2.6 Number of respondent based on duration of business

Table 4.2.6.1 below shows the numbers of respondent

based on duration of business among respondent in Kelantan.

From the result highest score for duration is less than 5

years with 70 respondents. Second high score for duration of

business is 5 until 10 years with 21 respondents. The lowest

frequency for duration of business is more than 15 years with

frequency score is only 4 respondents.

Table 4.2.6.1: Statistic table of respondent based onduration of business

35

Duration of BusinessFrequency Percent Valid

PercentCumulativePercent

Valid Less 5 years

70 63.6 70.0 70.0

5 - 10 years

21 19.1 21.0 91.0

10 - 15 years

5 4.5 5.0 96.0

> 15 years 4 3.6 4.0 100.0Total 100 90.9 100.0

Figure 4.2.5.1: Number of respondent based on duration

of business.

4.3 Descriptive Analysis

For the Descriptive analysis, the researcher had come

out with this analysis to find the mean, standard deviation

to compare the mean between independent variables for every

36

section of independents were strongly agree and strongly

disagree.

4.3.1 Emotional Wellness

Table 4.3.1: Descriptive Statistic for Emotional Wellness

Descriptive StatisticsMean

Feeling positive and enthusiastic about oneself and life in general.

3.95

The ability to cope with and manage stress and stressful situations

3.67

Taking responsibility for one’s own actions, one’s directions in life, and mental health.

3.77

I make decisions with a minimum of stress and worry.

3.60

When I make mistakes, I learn from them. 3.99I can relax my body and mind without the use of drugs and alcohol

4.63

Total/ Average Mean 3.935

37

The Table 4.3.1 shows that the mean score for

independent variables which is emotional wellness. The

highest score is 4.63which mean most of the respondent in

Kelantan agree that they can relax their body and mind

without the use of drugs and alcohol. Meanwhile, the lowest

mean score was 3.60, which mean, most of the respondent was

make decision with a minimum of stress and worry.

4.3.2 Intellectual Wellness

Table 4.3.2 Descriptive Statistics for Intellectual Wellness

Descriptive StatisticsMean

Pursuit of life-long learning, setting personal and goals working to accomplish them. 4.03

Enjoyment of thinking challenges, problem solving. 3.83

Improving oneself and expanding one’s thought process through learning new skills 3.90

I maintain a continuing education program relative to my business or activities. 3.84

I gather information from several sources beforemaking important decisions. 3.92

I seek opportunities to learn new things for my business. 4.07

Total/Average Mean 3.931

Table 4.3.2 shows the mean score for independent

variables intellectual wellness. The highest mean score was

4.07 which that entrepreneur seek opportunities to learn new

things for their business. Otherwise, the lowest 3.83 which

38

about the enjoyment of thinking challenges and problem

solving is not concern to respondents.

4.3.3 Physical Wellness

Table 4.3.3 Descriptive Statistics for Physical Wellness

Descriptive StatisticsMean

I take active steps towards my career goals rather than waiting for things to happen or forsomeone else to tell me what to do.

3.96

I get an adequate amount of sleep. 3.29I increase my physical activity by walking or biking for transportation whenever possible. 3.56

Stretching is a routine part of my exercise program. 3.58

I exercise aerobically; sweat producing exercise for 20-30 minutes at least three timesper week.

3.16

I avoid eating foods that are high in fat and cholesterol. 3.51

Total/ Average Mean 3.510

From the Table 4.3.3 showed the mean of independent

variable for physical wellness. The highest mean score is 3,

96 that show the respondent takes active steps towards their

career goals rather than waiting for things to happen.

Besides that, the lowest mean score is 3.16 that show the

respondent less in exercise aerobically in them life.

4.3.4 Spiritual Wellness

39

Table 4.3.4 Descriptive Statistics for Spiritual Wellness

Descriptive StatisticsMean

I often feel a deep appreciation of every moment. 3.51My spirituality is very meaningful to me. 4.00I feel free to make strong commitments to things 3.61Every moment offers potential for hope. 3.84The more I learn about myself the more I have to give. 4.16

Total/ Average Mean 3.824

Table 4.3.4 shows the highest mean is 4.16 is about

the more respondent learn about themselves the more they have

to give. Meanwhile the lowest mean score is 3.51. It is about

the respondent often feeling a deep appreciation of every

moment.

4.3.5 Entrepreneur Performances

Table 4.3.5 Descriptive Statistics for Entrepreneur

Performances

40

Descriptive StatisticsMean

Communication and the way information flows aroundthe organization

3.71

The actual business it self 3.69The degree to which you feel ‘motivated” by your business

3.78

The degree to which you feel extended in your business

3.73

The way changes and innovations are implemented 3.84The way in which conflicts are resolved in your company

3.78

Total/ Average Mean 3.755

From the Table 4.3.5 show the mean of entrepreneur

performances. The highest mean score is 3.84 mean that the

respondent aware about the way changes and innovations are

implemented in their business. Meanwhile, the lowest mean

score is 3.69 which mean respondent lower idea about the

actual business itself.

4.4 Reliability Test

Reliability analysis was the first important step in

analyzing the data that mostly done by any researchers. The

main objective of reliability test was to identify the

stability of the data was gathered. Moreover, the reliability

testing done with the purpose of checking whether the data

obtained from the survey is reliability or not for the

research.

41

Table 4.4.1: Rules of Thumb about Cronbach’s Alpha

coefficient size

Alpha Coefficient Range Strength of Association

< 0.6 Poor

0.6 to < 0.7 Moderate

0.7 to < 0.8 Good

0.8 to < 0.9 Very good

> 0.9 Excellent

Sources: Hair et al. 2003. Essential of Business Research

Method

Table 4.4.2 Independent and dependent reliability test

Independent andDependent Variable

Numbersof item

Reliability Scales

Emotional wellness 6 0.789Physical Wellness 6 0.805

Intellectual Wellness 6 0.812Spiritual Wellness 5 0.655

EntrepreneurPerformances

6 0.803

Table 4.4.1 above shows the independent and dependent

reliability coefficient for this study. Each variable were

provided with 6 numbers of items. Independent variable

included emotional wellness, physical wellness, intellectual

wellness, and spiritual wellness. The alpha value of

reliability analysis for effect of emotional wellness

42

construct is 0.789. So, this result shows the reliability is

acceptable. The alpha value of reliability analysis for the

physical wellness construct is 0.805 in which result shows

the reliability is accepted. Next, the alpha value of

reliability for the intellectual wellness construct is 0.812

which also acceptable. Lastly for the independent variables,

the alpha value of reliability analysis for the spiritual

wellness construct is 0.508 also acceptable but low because

the range is more than 0.5. For the dependent variable, the

alpha value of reliability analysis for the entrepreneur

performances construct is 0.803. Therefore, the result shows

the reliability is acceptable too. The data is constructing

by using 100 respondents in Kelantan.

4.5 Regression Analysis

The main goal of regression analysis is to make an

accurate, efficient, prediction towards the dependent

variables. In order to get an accurate prediction, the

researcher using the stepwise approach, the main aim is to

43

understand how the independent variables can influences the

dependent variables.

Table 4.5.1 Model Summary

Model R RSquare

Adjusted RSquare

Std. Errorof the

Estimate

ChangeStatistics

Sig. FChange

1 .590a .348 .321 .44629 .000a. Predictors: (Constant), Spiritual Wellness,

Intellectual Wellness, Physical Wellness, EmotionalWellness

The R² value represents the percentage of variance

accounted for in the dependent variable by the set of

independent variables. The adjusted R² value also represented

the percentage of variance accounted for in the dependent

variable by the set of independent variables. However, the

adjusted R² value is slightly lower than the R² value because

the adjusted R² tends to be conservative. The adjusted R² is

a better estimate of the proportion of the variances in the

dependent variables that can be predicted from the

independent variables. The adjusted R² for the regression

model was 0.321. It indicates that four independent variables

(emotional wellness, physical wellness, intellectual wellness

44

and spiritual wellness) significantly explain 32.1% of effect

in wellness element towards entrepreneur performances.

Tables 4.5. 2 ANOVAb

Model Sum ofSquares Df Mean

Square F Sig.

1 Regression

10.104 4 2.526 12.682 .000a

Residual 18.922 95 .199Total 29.025 99

a. Predictors: (Constant), Spiritual Wellness, Intellectual Wellness, Physical Wellness, Emotional Wellnessb. Dependent Variable: ENTREPRENUER PERFORMANCES

Table 4.5.3 Coefficients

Model

UnstandardizedCoefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

t Sig.BStd.Error Beta

1 (Constant) 1.249 .394 3.170 .002Emotional Wellness

.071 .119 .070 .596 .552

Intellectual Wellness

.090 .105 .099 .855 .395

Physical Wellness

.230 .087 .286 2.651 .009

Spiritual Wellness

.304 .124 .260 2.463 .016

a. Dependent Variable: ENTREPRENUER PERFORMANCES

The standardized beta values were measured in standard

deviation units and are easily comparable. Standardized beta

45

coefficient value indicates that one standard deviation

increase in emotional wellness score brings about 0.070

standard deviation increase in entrepreneur performances.

Further, physical wellness (β = 0.286) contribute most

significantly to entrepreneur performances followed by

spiritual wellness (β = 0.260) and intellectual wellness (β =

0.099). Table 4.5.3 shows the p-value of four independent

variables (emotional wellness, intellectual wellness,

physical wellness and spiritual wellness). Only the physical

wellness is significant to the entrepreneur performances with

the score 0.009 followed by spiritual wellness is 0.016. For

emotional wellness and intellectual wellness there is not

significant to the entrepreneur performances. The score

respectively are 0.552 and 0.395. The significant levels of

the regression coefficients, which also assessed trough t

statistics showed that for four of the independent variables

contributed significantly to the regression with t value of

0.596 (emotional wellness), 0.855 (intellectual wellness),

2.651 (physical wellness) and 2.463 (spiritual wellness)

respectively. From the coefficients table, a regression

equation can be created from this survey y = a + bx1 + bx2 +

bx3 + bx4 which is y = 0.552 + 0.395 + 0.009 + 0.016.

46

CHAPTER 5

DISCUSSION

5.1 Introduction

This study examined the relationship of certain wellness

element; emotional wellness, intellectual wellness, physical

wellness and spiritual wellness and how they correlated to

entrepreneur performances. In chapter 5, the researcher will

begin by providing of implications for theory. Implications

for future research and social work are then discussed.

Finally, recommendations and conclusions are shared.

In this research, the researcher chooses bivariate

correlation analysis to find the relationship between the

variables. There are 4 variable needs to be test by using

bivariate correlation analysis; emotional wellness,

47

intellectual wellness, physical wellness and spiritual

wellness. The indicator to compare with this four variable is

entrepreneur performances. In the Chapter 4, the results of

this research were presented. The result of the analysis has

been showed in table 4.4.1 until table 4.4.4 with p-value in

the table to show whether entrepreneur performances has a

relationship or not with that four variables that is

emotional wellness, intellectual wellness, physical wellness

and spiritual wellness.

5.2 Overview of Demographic Characteristic

The sample included 100 participants and 77 were female

and 23 were male. This demographic, obviously lopsided with

more female than males, was expected because in Kelantan many

entrepreneur a profession which has history been female

dominated. The largest percentage of respondents was Malays

with 85 respondents. This is because in Kelantan the largest

48

population ethnic is Malays. The highest percentages of

respondent were in the 20-30 age years old. 52 entrepreneurs

or respondent were running their own business. Based on the

analysis, 65 of the participants hold an associate degree as

an entrepreneur. There are 70 of the respondent were running

their businesses are less than 5 years.

5.3 Regression Finding

5.3.1 Emotional Wellness

According to table 4.4.1 result from regression

analysis shows that there was no significant value between

entrepreneur performances and emotional wellness. The p-value

for this two kind of relationship is 0.552. In other words,

respondent or entrepreneur in Kelantan not concerned about

positive thinking about their business.

According to Hettler (1980) conceptualized emotional

wellness as a continual process that incorporates the

awareness, constructive expression, and management of

emotion, as well as a realistic self-assessment and positive

approach to life such as challenges, risks, and conflict are

49

viewed as healthy and as opportunities to develop further.

The finding, the researcher can described emotional wellness

to the entrepreneur as the awareness and acceptance of a wide

range of feeling in one’s self and others, as well as one’s

ability to constructively express, manage, and integrate

feeling. For the entrepreneur, emotional wellness can use as

an awareness and acceptance of feelings, as well as positive

attitude about life, one self, and the future. It also

recognizes from the emotional wellness that the entrepreneur

choices are the expression and integration of feelings,

cognitions, and behaviors.

5.3.2 Intellectual Wellness

According to table 4.4.2 result from regression analysis

shows that there was no significant value between

entrepreneur performances and intellectual wellness. The p-

value for this two kind of relationship is 0.395. This is

mean respondent or entrepreneur in Kelantan not concerned

about continuous education is important to improve the

business.

Based on Adam et al (1997) stated that the perception of

being energized by an optimal amount of intellectually

50

stimulate activity was central to intellectual wellness.

Stimulating intellectual activity included mental challenges

and critical reasoning, both of which require concentration.

As an entrepreneur, intellectual wellness is important

because from the intellectual wellness, the entrepreneur can

continually improve the business operation in the future.

Such as they can improve by reading the article from

Internet, magazine, journal about related business and also

from attend the seminar.

Based on finding, entrepreneur now a day not concerned

about education that means entrepreneur easy to gain and find

a new knowledge to improve their business. In additions,

Ranger et al (2000) defined intellectual wellness as one’s

orientation and achievement towards personal growth,

education and achievement, and creativity. Continual personal

growth and education included attending cultural events and

seeking opportunities to gain and share knowledge.

5.3.3 Physical Wellness

The result from table 4.4.3 shows that there was a

significant value between entrepreneur performances and

51

physical wellness. The p-value for this two kind of

relationship is 0.009. It can be concluded that respondent or

entrepreneur in Kelantan concerned about maintaining a

healthy life for the running the business.

Physical wellness can be summary as encompassing the

degree to which one maintains and improves cardiovascular

fitness, flexibility, and strength. It is also important of

maintaining a healthy diet and attempting to produce bodily

balance and harmony through awareness and monitoring of body

feelings, internal state, physical signs, tension patterns,

and reactions. The relations between entrepreneur

performances and physical wellness are significant. Thus, to

be success in business, the entrepreneur must be in good

conditions of physical health because it will affect the

performance of entrepreneur while manage their business.

In sum, physical wellness is the active and continuous

effort to maintain the optimum level of physical activity and

focus on nutrition, as well as self-care and maintaining

healthy lifestyle choices. Physical wellness also includes

the perceptions and expectation of wellness, as well as the

acceptance of one’s physical state such as body image and

52

disability. The definition focuses on an individual moving

towards personal potential without comparing his or her

progress with that of others, thus allowing for individual

variation and circumstances. For example, an entrepreneur

with a physical disability can be considered to be well by

moving towards his or her own persona optimal level.

5.3.4 Spiritual Wellness

Based on table 4.4.4, the result indicates that there is

a significant value between entrepreneur performances and

spiritual wellness. The p-value for this two kind of

relationship is 0.016. This is mean respondent or

entrepreneur in Kelantan needs good relations in any

religious their hold to help entrepreneur from internal value

for more confident with their business.

According to Adam et al (1997) spiritual wellness as a

positive perception of meaning and purpose in life, as well

as recognition and acceptance of a unifying and integrating

force between mind and body. For entrepreneur become more

success, their not only focus how to improve the business

53

operation but they also need to improves the internal value

so that the can manage the business with calm mind and body.

Based on result, the researcher obtain the spiritual

wellness as finding a basic purpose in life and the pursuit

of a fulfilling life such as the ability to give and receive

love, joy, and peace and one’s willingness to help others.

As an entrepreneur the spiritual wellness is a shared

connection or community with others, nature, the universe,

and a higher power. Additionally, spiritual wellness is

development of values and a personal belief system in the

entrepreneur.

CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

6.1 Conclusion

This purpose of this is to investigate the perceived

wellness on entrepreneur performances. In detail, this study

to come out with the factors that impact on performances of

the entrepreneur. It is important to connect wellness aspects

such as from the mind set of entrepreneur, motivated become

54

successful entrepreneur, health care among entrepreneur and

also exercise of entrepreneur performances.

Wellness can be described has an extensive literature

and it has been shown to have several dimensions that include

emotional, intellectual, physical and spiritual. Most of all,

wellness is basically viewed from a holistic perspective; it

represents a perceived positive state of being and embraces a

body-mind-spirit concept. Many factors contributes to

wellness in a series of complex and interacting ways, but

wellness, like health, is more than the absence of disease;

it involves important subjective concepts by individuals or

entrepreneur about themselves.

Based to the finding, all the variables are significant

to each other. That means, most entrepreneur in Kelantan now

a days concerned about the wellness element can effect to

their performances. Everyone can change a behavior or

lifestyle means those entrepreneurs are included.

Nevertheless, many adults feel ineffective in making life

changes. In wellness, physical activity is not just for

athlete but it is for all people. All people included

entrepreneur can and should learn stress management technique

55

to easy an entrepreneur handle their stress while have a

problem with their business. Healthy lifestyle can be

practiced by every entrepreneur so that wellness goals

included eliminating health disparities and promoting health

for all entrepreneurs.

6.2 Recommendation

This section to discuss recommendation for future study.

There are several recommendation that researcher can share to

improve the study in the future. This facet of wellness had

the largest impact on entrepreneur performances. The

components of wellness element as identified by entrepreneur

included emotional wellness such as in stress management and

happiness, intellectual wellness, physical health included

good health, disease free, healthy eating, exercise, physical

shape, and sleep well, and also spiritual wellness.

According to the research, respondent were asked to

answer the element of wellness that illustrate their well-

balanced lifestyles. It is reflected a variety of ways

entrepreneur demonstrate their wellness. Most of the

56

entrepreneur that illustrates one’s balanced lifestyle

implies engagement in the described activity.

The wellness element is about improving the health of

entrepreneur by creating an environment that promotes

physical activity, makes healthy life styles, easy to manage

stress, and a better quality of health care. From the

wellness element, entrepreneur can improved the overall

health of them self. It can be done by fostering education,

collaboration, and partnership that promotes positive health

outcomes and investing in the mental and physical health of

entrepreneur from they start running the business.

This study also suggest the government should take an

initiative in building a healthy transportation system for In

addition, recommendation for the study is create a healthy

transportation system for the entrepreneur. For instance,

more park and recreational areas. So, the entrepreneur can do

exercise like cycling, jogging and walking to improve their

good life. Regular exercise also can help entrepreneur feel

and look good in health. So the researchers suggest to

reducing transportation related injuries, expanding walking

57

and bicycling networks to increase the healthy life on an

entrepreneur.

Another consequence of focusing attention on how health

and wellness outcomes are distributed across space and within

specific place is that reinforces the fact that entrepreneur

ability to maintain well-being is shaped by influences of

everyday life and to understand these requires a life-course

perspective. When the real world distribution of health and

wellness outcomes is considered, it draws attention to

emotional wellness, intellectual wellness, physical wellness,

and spiritual wellness and entrepreneur performances.

References

58

Adam, T, B, Bezner, J, R, Drabbs, M, E, Zambarano, R, J, &

Steinhardt, M, A, (2000). Conceptuallizations and

measurement of the spiritual and physchological dimensions of

wellness in a college populations, College Health, 48, 165-

173.

Anderson D.R, Whitmer, R, W, Goetzel, R,Z Ozminkowski, R,J,

Wasserman, J, & Serxner, S, (2000), Health Enhancement

Research Organization (HERO) Research Committee. The

Relationship Between Modifiable Health Risks and Group –Level

Health Care Expenditures. American Journal for Health

Promotion, 15: 45-52.

Archie, S, M, Goldberg, J, O, Akhtar-Danesh, N, Landeen, J,

McColl, L, & McNiven, J, (2007). Psychotic disorders, eating

habits, and physical activity: Who is ready for lifestyle

changes? Psychiatric Services, 58(2), 233-239.

Ardell, D, B, (2002). Wellness- Another explanations of how

it is different from ordinary health. Retrieved March 20,

2007, from http:/www.seekwellness.com/wellness/reports/2002-

03017.htm

Arizona State University. The campus definition of Wellness

found on the website www.asu.edu/upsa/wellness/definitio n .

Accessed 08-03-03

Bezner, J, R, Adams, T, B, & Whistler, L, S, (1999). The

relationship between physical activity and indicators of

59

perceived wellness. American Journal of Health Studies, 15(3,

130-138)

Chambers, R, Wall, D, & Caampbell, I, (1996). Stress, coping

mechanisms and job satisfaction in general practitioner

registrars. British Journal of General Practice, 46, 343-348

Ellison, C. W. (1983). Spiritual well-being:

Conceptualization and measurement. Journal of Psychology and

Theology, 11, 330-340.

Fahey, T. D., Insel, P.M., & Roth, W, T (2003). Fit & Well.

San Fransico, CA: McGraw Hill.

Harari, M. J., Waehler, C. A., & Rogers, J. R. (2005). An

empirical investigation of a theoretically based measure of

perceived wellness. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52, 93-

103.

Hettler, Bill. (2003) The Six Dimensional Model of Wellness.

Websites of the National Wellness Institute,

www.nationalwellness.org Accessed 5-20-03

Ingersoll, R. E (1994). Spirituality, religion, and

counseling: Dimensions and relationships. Counseling and

Values, 38. 98-111.

Ingresoll, R. E. (1998). Refining dimensions of spiritual

wellness: A cross-traditional approach. Counseling and

Values, 42, 156-165.

Merrett, C. D., and Gruidl, J.J. (2000), “Small business

ownership in Illinois: The effect of gender and location on

60

entrepreneurial success”, Professional Geographer, Vol, 52,

No 3, pp, 425-437.

Miller, D., Madsen, S. R., and Cameron, R. J. (2006),

“Readiness for changes: implications on employee’s

relationship with management, job knowledge and skills, and

job demands’, Journal of Applied Management and

Entrepreneurship, Vol 11 No 1, pp. 3-16.

Moser.Con. 1989. Gender planning in third world: meeting

practical and strategic gender needs, World Development,

17(1): 799-825.

Myers, J. E., Sweeney, T. J & Witmer, J. M (2000). The Wheel

of Wellness: A holistic model for treatment planning. Journal

of Counseling & Development, 78, 251-266.

Renger, R.F Midyett, S. J, Mas, F, G, Erin, T. E, McDermott,

H,M., Papenfus, R,L, Eichling, et al (2000). Optimal Living

Profile: An inventory to assess health and wellness. American

Journal of Health Promotion, 24, 403-412.

Seligman, M. & Csikszentmihalyi, m. (2000). Positive

psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5-14.

Srinivasan, R, Woo, C, Y, & Cooper, A, C, (1994),

“Performances Determines for Male and Female Entrepreneur,”

Babson College Entrepreneur Research Conference, Boston, MA.

APPENDIX

61

QUESTIONNAIRE ABOUT THE EFFECTS OF WELLNESS ELEMENT TOWARDSENTREPRENEURS PERFORMANCES

Dear Participants,

My name is Muhammad Najmi Bin Mohd Nor, Bachelor in

Entrepreneurship (Health Entrepreneurship) students at

University Malaysia Kelantan. I am conducting a research

project that to ascertain the effect of wellness element

towards entrepreneur performances in Kelantan. Your voluntary

participant is greatly appreciated. You may refuse to

participate in this study or in any part of this study.

If you volunteer to participants in this study, you

will ask to fill out the self-administered questionnaire. It

should not take you more than 10 minutes to complete this

questionnaire. There are no right or wrong answers, so just

answer the questions based on your true feelings and best

judgments. All responses will remain confidential and

anonymous. All the responses will be collected, summarized

and analysed in the report form. If you have any question

regarding this research, please do not hesitated to contact

me at 013- 4574573.Your cooperation and contribution is

greatly appreciated.

Sincerely,

62

………………………………….

Muhammad Najmi Bin Mohd NorUndergraduate StudentBachelor of Entrepreneurship (Health Entrepreneur) Faculty Entrepreneurship and Business (FKP)University Malaysia Kelantan Email: najminorbagus@yahoo.com

Section A: Demographic Characteristic/ Ciri-ciri Demografi

Please TICK the most appropriate box

1.Gender/ Jantina :

Male/Lelaki

Female/Wanita

2.Ethnicity/ Kaum : Malay/MelayuChinese/CinaIndian/IndiaOthers/Lain--lain:____________

3.Age/ Umur : 20-3031-4041-5051-60>60

4. Type of Business: Own/PersendirianJenis Perniagaan Cooperative/Kerjasama

Franchise/FrancaisOthers/Lain-lain:_________

5.Highest level Education: SPM

Tahap Pendidikan STPM

63

DiplomaDegreeOthers/Lain-lain:____________

6.Duration Run Business : less 5 years/ Kurang dari5 tahun

Tempoh Bisnes Dijalankan 5 – 10 years/ 5 – 10 tahun10 – 15 years/ 10 – 15 tahunMore than 15 years/ Lebih15 tahun

Sila TANDAKAN kotak yang paling sesuai

64

Section B (1): Emotional of Wellness

The following statements are designed to provide information about your Emotional wellness perceptions. Please read each statement carefully and thoughtfully, the select the one response option with which you most agree.

Pernyataan di bawah adalah bertujuan untuk memberikan maklumat tentang persepsi Kesejahteraan Emosi anda. Sila baca setiap kenyataan berhati-hati dan teliti, yang memilih pilihan jawapan satu dengan yang anda paling bersetuju.

1 = Strongly Disagree/ Sangat Tidak Setuju 2 = Disagree/ Tidak Setuju

3 = Neutral/ Neutral 4 = Agree/ Setuju 5= Strongly Agree/ Sangat Setuju

1) Feeling positive and enthusiastic about oneself and life in general.Rasa positif dan bersemangat tentang diri dankehidupan secara amnya.

1 2 3 4 5

2.) The ability to cope withand manage stress and stressful situations Keupayaan untuk menangani dan menguruskan tekanan dan keadaan tertekan

1 2 3 4 5

3.) Taking responsibility forone’s own actions, one’s directions in life, and mental health.Mengambil tanggungjawab untuk tindakan sendiri, arahan seseorang dalam kehidupan,

1 2 3 4 5

65

dan kesihatan mental.4.) I make decisions with a minimum of stress and worry.Saya membuat keputusan dengan minimum tekanan dan bimbang.

1 2 3 4 5

5.) When I make mistakes, I learn from them.Apabila saya melakukan kesilapan, saya belajar daripada mereka

1 2 3 4 5

6.) I can relax my body and mind without the use of drugs and alcohol.Saya boleh berehat badan dan minda saya tanpa menggunakan dadah dan alkohol.

1 2 3 4 5

Section B (2): Intellectual Wellness

The following statements are designed to provide information about your Intellectual wellness perceptions. Please read each statement carefully and thoughtfully, the select the one response option with which you most agree.

Pernyataan di bawah adalah bertujuan untuk memberikan maklumat tentang persepsi Kesejahteraan Intelek anda. Sila baca setiap kenyataan berhati-hati dan teliti, yang memilih pilihan jawapan satu dengan yang anda paling bersetuju.

1 = Strongly Disagree/ Sangat Tidak Setuju 2 = Disagree/ Tidak Setuju

3 = Neutral/ Neutral 4 = Agree/ Setuju 5= Strongly Agree/Sangat Setuju

1.) Pursuit of life-long learning, setting personal and goals working to

1 2 3 4 5

66

accomplish them. Mengejar pembelajaran sepanjang hayat, menetapkan matlamat peribadi dan berusaha untuk mencapai mereka.2.) Enjoyment of thinking challenges, problem solving. Keseronokan memikirkan cabaran, penyelesaian masalah.

1 2 3 4 5

3.) Improving oneself and expanding one’s thought process throughlearning new skills. Memperbaiki diri sendiri dan mengembangkan proses pemikiran seseorang melalui pembelajaran kemahiran baru.

1 2 3 4 5

4.) I maintain a continuing education program relative to my business or activities. Saya mengekalkan pendidikan berterusan program berbanding dengan perniagaan atau aktiviti-aktiviti saya.

1 2 3 4 5

5.) I gather information from several sources before making importantdecisions. Saya mengumpul maklumat daripada beberapa sumber sebelum membuat keputusan penting.

1 2 3 4 5

6.) I seek opportunities to learn new things for my business. Saya mencari peluang untuk belajar perkara-perkara baru untuk perniagaan saya

1 2 3 4 5

Section B (3): Physical Wellness

67

The following statements are designed to provide information about your Physical wellness perceptions. Please read each statement carefully and thoughtfully, the select the one response option with which you most agree.Pernyataan di bawah adalah bertujuan untuk memberikan maklumat tentang persepsi Kesejahteraan Fisikal anda. Sila baca setiap kenyataan berhati-hati dan teliti, yang memilih pilihan jawapan satu dengan yang anda paling bersetuju.

1 = Strongly Disagree/ Sangat Tidak Setuju 2 = Disagree/Tidak Setuju

3 = Neutral/ Neutral 4 = Agree/ Setuju 5= Strongly Agree/ Sangat Setuju

1.) I take active steps towardsmy career goals rather than waitingfor things to happen or for someoneelse to tell me what to do. Saya mengambil langkah-langkah aktif kearah matlamat kerjaya saya dan bukannyamenunggu untuk perkara yang berlaku atauuntuk orang lain untuk memberitahu saya apayang perlu dilakukan.

1 2 3 4 5

2.) I get an adequate amount of sleep. Saya mendapat jumlah yang mencukupi tidur.

1 2 3 4 5

3.) I increase my physical activity by walking or biking for transportation whenever possible. Saya meningkatkan aktiviti fizikal saya dengan berjalan kaki atau berbasikal untuk pengangkutan apabila mungkin.

1 2 3 4 5

68

4.) Stretching is a routine part of my exercise program. Peregangan adalah sebahagian rutin program senaman saya.

1 2 3 4 5

5.) I exercise aerobically; sweatproducing exercise for 20-30 minutes at least three times per week. Saya menjalankan aerobically; senaman mengeluarkan peluh untuk 20-30 minit sekurang-kurangnya tiga kali seminggu.

1 2 3 4 5

6.) I avoid eating foods that are high in fat and cholesterol. Saya mengelakkan makan makanan yang tinggi dalam lemak dan kolesterol.

1 2 3 4 5

Section B (4): Spiritual Wellness

The following statements are designed to provide information about your Spiritual wellness perceptions. Please read each statement carefully and thoughtfully, the select the one response option with which you most agree.

Pernyataan di bawah adalah bertujuan untuk memberikan maklumat tentang persepsi Kesejahteraan Kerohanian anda. Sila baca setiap kenyataan berhati-hati dan teliti, yang memilih pilihan jawapan satu dengan yang anda paling bersetuju.

1 = Strongly Disagree/ Sangat Tidak Setuju 2 = Disagree/ Tidak Setuju

3 = Neutral/ Neutral 4 = Agree/ Setuju 5= Strongly Agree/ Sangat Setuju

1.) I often feel a deep appreciation of every moment.

1 2 3 4 5

69

Saya sering berasa penghargaan yangmendalam tentang setiap masa.2.) My spirituality is very meaningful to me. Kerohanian saya amat bermakna kepadasaya.

1 2 3 4 5

3.) I feel free to make strong commitments to things Saya berasa bebas untuk membuat komitmenyang kuat kepada perkara-perkara

1 2 3 4 5

4.) Every moment offers potential for hope. Setiap detik menawarkan potensi untuk harapan.

1 2 3 4 5

5.) The more I learn about myself the more I have to give. Semakin saya belajar mengenai diri saya lebih banyak saya perlu memberi.

1 2 3 4 5

70

Section B (5): Entrepreneur Performances/ PrestasiUsahawan

This session of the questionnaire is concerned with the extent to which you feel satisfied or dissatisfied with your business. Rate the items against the satisfaction /dissatisfaction scale provided.

Ini sesi soal selidik berkenaan dengan sejauh mana anda rasa berpuas hati atau tidak berpuas hati dengan perniagaan anda. Menilai barang-barang terhadap kepuasan / ketidakpuasan skala yang disediakan.

1 = Strongly Disagree/ Sangat Tidak Setuju 2 = Disagree/ Tidak Setuju

3 = Neutral/ Neutral 4 = Agree/ Setuju 5= Strongly Agree/ Sangat Setuju

1.) Communication and the wayinformation flows around theorganizationAliran Komunikasi dan cara maklumat diseluruh organisasi

1 2 3 4 5

2.) The actual business it self Perniagaan sebenar itu sendiri 1 2 3 4 5

3.) The degree to which youfeel ‘motivated” by yourbusiness Sejauh mana anda rasa 'didorong "olehperniagaan anda

1 2 3 4 5

4.) The degree to which youfeel extended in your business Sejauh mana anda rasa dilanjutkan dalamperniagaan anda

1 2 3 4 5

5.) The way changes and 1 2 3 4 5

71

innovations are implemented Cara perubahan dan inovasi yangdilaksanakan

6.) The way in which conflictsare resolved in your company Cara di mana konflik diselesaikan dalamsyarikat anda

1 2 3 4 5

72