ECONOMIC & SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY & SURVIVAL OF KENG TUNG IN A GLOBAL TREND

Prateep ChayaleeInternational CollegeNaresuan University

Phitsanulok, Thailand

OBJECTIVES

To study the role of Keng Tung as the economic center of the upper states.To study economic and social

transformation of Keng Tung before & after opening to the outside world.

RELATED THEORIES

Natural Monopoly Economic Geography Hard Power Soft Power

KENG TUNG OF SHAN STATE

ABOUT KENG TUNG

A sister city of Chiang Mai It was founded by King Mangrai of Lanna It has been a center of trade since 1340 The main center of distant caravan trade

route The superiority of its geography

GEOGRAPHICAL CONSTRAINTS

Mountainous area

Cottage industries around the city

Rotational market system

The renowned center point of distant

caravan trade route

ROTATIONAL MARKET

Days Name of rotational market

(Urban Area)

Name of rotational market(Sub-urban areas)

Sat – Sun The largest rotational market of Keng Tung(Kad Long day)

Mon Wai Kad Long day Kad bung dayTue Kad Lee day Kad Tao dayWed Kad Mahn day Kad Thaii dayThu Kad khuang day Kad fah dayFri A preparatory free day for Kad Long day

ROTATIONAL MARKET

Source: Khon Ban Kad Bung

THE OLD KENG TUNG ROYAL PALACE (HAW LONG)

2. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION

2.1 Under the British PowerThe main economic Border

The development of Caravan trade route

The gold & silver road of trade & friendship (KTG-Tachilek)

The improvement of public facilities e.g. central market Security & Foreign Affairs

The British formal education

Shan Chiefs’ School foundation

The Delhi Durbar

KENGTUNG –TACHILEK ROAD: THE GOLD & SILVER ROAD OFTRADE AND FRIENDSHIP

KENGTUNG –TACHILEK ROAD: THE GOLD & SILVER ROAD OFTRADE AND FRIENDSHIP

SAO KAWN KAEW INTHALAENG

DELHI DURBAR

THE NEW ROYAL PALACE

SHAN CHIEFS’ SCHOOL

SAO SAI MONG: MODEL OF CHANGE

SAO SAIMONG

SHAN LITERATURE & CULTURE ASSOCIATION: 2499-2505

WHEN SAO KAWN KAEW PASSED AWAY

WHO WOULD BE THE NEXT PRINCE OF KTG ?

POLITICAL ECONOMY OF OPIUM TRADE

KTG was the main center of opium export

The big difference of opium value between local

and foreign markets (approx 7 times)

KTG had to pay the tributary to the colonial

government 30,000 rupees.

THE KENG TUNG PRINCES WHO CREATED THE WEALTH TO SHAN STATE

SAO PHROM LUE & SAO THIPPAWAN OF KENG TUNG

KENG TUNG FAMILLY NETWORKS: HSENWI & KENG TUNG

2.2 UNDER JUNTA REGIME

Since 1962 - 2005

The clear cut policy

Focus on hard power

Forced harmonization in ethnic groups:

Burmanization

Soft power Initiation during 1990s

The emergence of Special Economic Zone(SEZ) in

Mong La- Casino city

DEFINITIONS: HARD & SOFT POWER Hard power = the ability to coerce—grows out of a

country’s military or economic mighty. Soft Power = The ability to influence others to get

them to do what you want by three major ways to do that:

1. To threaten them with sticks.2. To pay them with carrots.

3. To attract them or co-opt them.Soft power arises from the attractiveness of its culture,

political ideals, and policies.

SOURCE: NYE, JOSEPH S. JR.; SOFT POWER: THE MEANS TO SUCCESS IN WORLD POLITICS, 2004.

HARD POWER VS SOFT POWER

SOURCE: NYE, JOSEPH S. JR.; SOFT POWER: THE MEANS TO SUCCESS IN WORLD POLITICS, 2004

1. Cultural Sabotage: Demolition of Keng Tung Palace

SAO SAI LONG

He was promoted to be the prince in 1946

He served as the prince for 16 years (until 2 March 1962)

He passed away 14 Sep 1997

THE LAST PRINCE OF KENGTUNG- SAO SAI LONG

2. REPLICA SHWEDAGON PAGODA

Lucky number of the size

= 135 (1+3+5 = 9)

3. Buddhist Symbols of power: Towering Buddha Image

• The Buddha Image of bad luck

4. Resurrecting Burmese Royalty: Kengtung’s One-Tree-Hill appropriated by King Alaungpaya

3. KENG TUNG IN TRANSITIONAL PERIOD

It has been opened to the world in 1990 It was restricted Buddhism and border trade relationships Cultural tourism The rising of Special Economic Zone(SEZ) in

Mong La

STRENGTHS: BUDDHISM BASED SOCIETY

THE SUPREME PATRIARCH OF KENGTUNG BUDDHISM:SOMDEJ ATCHAYADHAMMA

STRENGTH: TAI KHUN (KENG TUNG) LITERATUREAND CULTURE ASSOCIATION

STRENGTH: SOCIAL CAPITAL

THE STRENGTH: KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

THE STRENGTH: KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT

CHALLENGING AHEAD: MYTHICAL IDEA

Economic Globalization-External factors (Uncontrollable factors)Economic Development paradigm/policyGrowth ≠ DevelopmentThe rise of China- New definition of securityThe rise of ASEAN From gold and silver road to R3B

THE RISE OF PEACEFUL CHINA

1. The importance of neighboring countries like a fence of China. 2. Super power nations are main keys of success. 3. Developing countries are base of growth and

development. 4. Multilateral Collaboration is the stage of

opportunity.

THE EMERGENCE OF R3B

TOWARDS TO SUSTAINABILITY & SURVIVAL

Economics = Choices under resource constraints. There is not only the first best for all The second best = Mix & Match Follow UN-MDGs There are more than one school of economic

thoughts- policy makers Social Entrepreneurship Green Economy Buddhist Economy/Cultural Based Economy

Towards to sustainability & survival

Source: www.verifysustainability.com

Thank you for your attention

E-mail: prateepc@nu.ac.th prateep.chaya@gmail.com