DMV Journal - Durga College, Raipur

Annual Journal of Durga Mahavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.)

ISSN - 0976 - 3007Volume - 3Number - 1December - 2010

DMV Journal


Volume - 3Number - 1December - 2010

The views expressed in these articles are those of the

individual authours, DMV does not take responsibility for issues

related to intellectual property on other matters.

Published by

Dr. S.S. khanuja

Principal

Durga Mahavidyalaya

Raipur (C.G.)

Ph. : 0771 - 2523753

Fax : 0771 - 2884300

Website : www.durgacollege.ac.in

E-mail : [email protected]

Composing & Printed By

Akanchha Offset

Brahmanpara, Raipur (C.G.)

Ph. : +91771 - 2545515

Mo : +91 99268 20122

C DMV

Editorial Board & Editorial Advisory Committee

Dr. M.H. Makwana

Professor & Head, Deptt. of Sociology

Gujarat University, Ahmedabad

Dr. T.K. Vaishnav

Professor & Head, Deptt. of Anthropology

Mahatma Gandhi International University, Wardha

Dr. R.S. Arora

Professor, Deptt. of Commerce & Management

Punjabi University, Patiala

Dr. Javed Akhtar

Professor & Head, Deptt. of Management

A.M.U., Aligarh

Dr. O.P. Agrawal

Ex. Dean of Commerce

Dr. H.S. Gour, University, Sagar

Office Bearers

Dr. Rajesh Shukla

Dr. Protibha M. Sahukar

Dr. Ranjana Sharma

DMV Journal


DMV Journal


¿DN•–TÓ



ë. ÆaÎD kaÓb •Tb ±–b£ÈBb∂Î ‘>bM. yP.yP. ⁄DØÆb êë

í.

‘>bM. ±Ø<L∂Ób ~NsJb,

gaÓ»a ŸbÆÎ~ •TbC´Ja yÎ

gaÓ»a PN<D»b ™PbCGŸ‡b

(n>caP≥› •CT <Î~C· P£B∂ ÓC*) ‘>bM. PÆ‡ ™æb•TŸ yÎ

‘>bM. ka.yJ. PbCDC•TŸ

Empowering Women

A Road Map for India Dr. Rajesh Shukla 05

3. Nurturing 'Good English':

Contesting Global Norms Dr. (Mrs.) Madhu Kamra 14

4. Impact of Globalization on Higher

Education in India Opportunities

and Challenges Dr. Ajay Kumar Chandrakar 19

5. Women as Human Resource Dr. Anita Rajpuria 26

6. µÓ∂ - y•T PbÓb<Æ•T ¿bÎA‡•T»b ‘>bM. ŸÆDb ~Ób∂ ìë

7. Intercultural Competence:

The Burden of Dual Authenticity

in Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club Dr. Protibha Mukherjee Sahukar 36

8. NRrhlx<+ esa jk”Vªh; d`f”k chek ;kstuk MkW- lqjsUnz dqekj vxzoky 44

9. Hkkjr esa nqX/k Økafr ,d v/;;u MkW- jktsUnz 'kqDy 47

10. jk;iqj 'kgj% is;ty 51

11. Impact of Globalization on

Management Education in India Dr. Babita Pathak 59

12. Dharker's Purdah : Exploration of

the multiple resonances of the veil Dr. Deepali Sharma 63

13. Hkkjrh; lekt esa tula[;k ,oa fcxM+rk

fyaxkuqikr

66

14. “PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

OF AROMATIC INDUSTRY IN

CHHATTISGARH” Dr. NARAYANI 70

15. Science and Technology and

Indian Women Dr. Rajesh Shukla & 73

Dr. Anita Rajpuria

16. GLOBALISATION, YOUTH AND

HIGHER EDUCATION Dr. Aman Jha 78

17. N-x- yksd fuekZ.k foHkkx ds dk;Zdyki dk

v/;;u lsrq fuekZ.k eaMy ds lanHkZ esa MkW- vk'kh"k nqcs 80

18. DEPICTION OF MODERN LIFE IN

“WAITING FOR GODOT” Smt. Yogita Lonare & 83

Dr. Madhu Kamra

19. Ekkul ds ckydk.M esa xq:rRo MkW- uhfyek “kekZ 85

20. BbŸ»a‡ PÓbÆ ÓC* £<J»bC* •CT ¶œÒbD ÓC*

¿|kC‘>•TŸ •TÚ BØ<Ó•Tb ÓDa·b ÆC. ‘>bÓbCŸ 89

21. DbŸb‡L „hÒ» DbŸb‡L Ó<£Ÿ #

y•T yC<»´b<P•T ¿ÎJbC•TD ‘>bM. ‹T<·ŸbÆ ±b∑‘>C‡ 95

22. vijk/k fu;a=.k esa iqfyl &

iz”kklu dh Hkwfedk 97

23. Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk cnyrk Lo:i MkW- fxfjtk 'kadj xqIrk 103

24. miHkksDrk lajk.k ,oa lekt ij mldk izHkko 105

25. 107

26. MkW-jks'kuh feJk 110

•NT. ‡bC≥Ób‡b Pb´R

‘>bM. PÆ‡ ™æb•TŸ yÎ

‘>bM. Pœ‡CEæÈ ~Ób∂

hÎb»_‡bCcŸ •TÒb Pb<´œ‡ ÓC* DbŸa •TÚ „hÒ<» ‘>bM. ı±bJa ™bºµŸa

≥bChÎbÓa »NJPa £bP •Tb Pbh•…T<»•T ¿Î£bD

DMV Journal


DMV Journal

Annual Journal of Durga Mahavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.)1 2

ÆaÎD kaÓb •Tb ±–b£ÈBb∂Î

‘>bM. yP.yP. ⁄DØÆb

Principal, Durga P.G. College Raipur (C.G.)

ÓbDÎa‡ ÆaÎD ÆbC<⁄Ó PC ±GŸ±ØL∂ º $ ÆaÎD •TÚ P ÆbC<⁄Ó •CT <ÎıX <Îca‡ PNŸ[b ±–£bD •TŸDC •TÚ <£~b ÓC*

PbCJ´Îa* ~»bm£a PC J≥b»bŸ ±–‡bP G•T‡C Æb»C ŸĆ º* $

PÎ∂±–ÒÓ ëò ÆØD, ëïìñ •TbC JE£D •CT GŸ™‘>∂ ÓbG^>∂D DbÓ•T PÓNæa kaÓb PC Pk<µ» —‡ÎPb‡a DC ÓDN˜‡ •CT

ÆaÎD •TÚ ¿<D<A™»»b ±ØL∂ £~b¿bC* ¿bºŸ ¶D•CT —‡b±•T ±–BbÎbC* •Tb ¿DNBÎ •TŸ ¿±DC ëï P´‡bC<≥‡bC* •CT PbÒ

P„|Ó<J» ı± PC <Î<J‡Ó <≥kEP DbÓ•T —‡Gs» •Tb kaÓb G•T‡b Òb JCG•TD £ÈBb∂¬‡Î~ íë <£DbC* kb£ ka<Ó» •TÚ Ó…œ‡N

´bC ≥‡a $ ±GŸLbÓ hÎı± •NTn> —‡ÎPb‡a <£Îb<J‡b bC ≥‡C ¿bºŸ ¿bŸ„|B•T ±–‡bP <ÎVTJ bC ≥‡b $

PDË ëïôò ÓC* ÓPa∂¿Ÿ •T|±Da DC ka<Ó» <´»-≥–b<´‡bC* •TbC Îb<·∂•T ±–<»£bD •TŸDC ±Ÿ ÆaÎD kaÓb ‡bCÆDb ±ND#

±–bŸB •TÚ $ PC •NTn> PÓ‡ kb£ ŸbÆ•TÚ‡ P´‡bC≥ ±–bÌ» bC ≥‡b $

PDË ëïôô ÓC* <ÎµÎb¿bC*, Ób»…-<±»… aD yÎ ¿e±b‡N —‡Gs»‡bC* •CT <Jy Ba ÆaÎD kaÓb ‡bCÆDb ±–bŸB •TÚ ≥ ∂ $

P•CT ¿E»≥∂» ±–œ‡C•T Î≥∂ ÓC* £bC-£bC ´ÆbŸ P£h‡ kDb•TŸ ±–<» P£h‡ íï ±bº*‘> ±–<» PÌ»b´ •TÚ £Ÿ PC ±–m‡b<Æ

<Dµb∂GŸ» •TÚ ≥ ∂ $ PÓC* P£h‡ •TÚ Ó…œ‡N ±Ÿ ¿b<g»bC* •TbC ïêê ±bº*‘> •Tb BN≥»bD G•T‡b ÆbDb P|Bb<Î» ÓbDb ≥‡b $ P

±–•TbŸ •TÚ —‡bÎPb<‡•T PhÒb •TbC"" |‡Ø™N¿J PbCPb‡^>a'' •Tb DbÓ <£‡b ≥‡b $

ÆaÎD kaÓb •CT »bœ•Tb<J•T hÎı± PC ±–Bb<Î» bC•TŸ ÒbÓP <PsPD yÎ ÆC|P ‘>bM^>JD DC ""¿bCe‘> sÎa^>CkJ''

•CT DbÓ PC ÆaÎD kaÓb •T±Da hÒb<±» •TÚ ÆbC ¿bÆ Ba J£D •TÚ PN±–<PX PhÒb º $

ëó VTŸÎŸa, ëóôî ÓC* ¶cŸa ¿ÓCGŸ•Tb ÓC* ÆaÎD kaÓb —‡ÎPb‡ •TŸDC ÎbJa EA‡ØŸCEP •T|±Da •Tb ≥q>D G•T‡b

≥‡b ÆbC ¿PVTJ bC ≥‡a $ PDË ëòëí ÓC* ""±CEPeÎC<D‡b ÓC* ±CEPeÎC<D‡b •T±Da VTbŸ EA‡ØŸCEP ¿bD Jb ∂VTh^> y∑‘>

≥b<E^>≥ yCE‡Ø^>a'' •Tb ≥q>D G•T‡b ≥‡b $

ëô Îa* ~»bm£a •CT ¶±ŸbE» ÓC* "" JØÆŸ Ÿb ∂^''> DC ÆaÎD kaÓb •TbC Îbh»<Î•T ı± ±–£bD G•T‡b - ±GŸLbÓ»#

ÆaÎD kaÓb —‡ÎPb‡ •CT [C_ ÓC* ~NX —‡bÎPb<‡•T JbB ÓC PJS •T|±<D‡bC* •TbC ≥´Ÿb ¿bflb» J≥b »Òb ¶E´bC*DC JØÆŸ

Ÿb ∂^> •Tb PbÓØ<´•T ı± PC <ÎŸbCµ •TŸDb ±–bŸB •TŸ <£‡b JCG•TD ÎC PVTJ D bC P•CT »Òb ÓPb™ØPC^>ËP •TÚ <Îµb<‡•Tb

±GŸ·£ ÓC* yCPC <D‡Ó ±bGŸ» •TŸbDC ÓC* PVTJ bC ≥‡C »bG•T ka<Ó» —‡Gs» ÙbŸb ™N•Tb ∂ ≥‡a ±–m‡b<Æ PN<D<A™» •TÚ Æb

P•CT $ Pa ~»bm£a •CT ¿<»Ó ™ŸL ÓC* hÒb<±» ""£a ¿bÓ∂ h^¨>b≥ EÎC<h^>≥C~D'' •Tb ÆaÎD kaÓb •CT Î»∂ÓbD hÎı± •CT

<Dµb∂ŸL ÓC* Ó´œÎ±ØL∂ ‡bC≥£bD Ÿ´b º $

ëôêï ÓC* E‡Ø‡b•∂T •TÚ P<ÎµbD PBb ÙbŸb ±bGŸ» <Î<µ<D‡Ó ÆaÎD kaÓb •CT PºXb<»•T, Îºµb<D•T »Òb

—‡bÎ´bGŸ•T hÎı± •CT <J‡C <£~b <D£C∂~ ¿bµbŸ <PX È‡C $

BbŸ» Î·∂ ÓC* ¿≥–CÆ kaÓb —‡ÎPb<‡‡bC* ÙbŸb PDË ëóôì ÓC* BbŸ» ÓC* Ÿ´DC ÎbJC <k–G^>~ Db≥GŸ•TbC* •TÚ ÆbC<⁄ÓbC* •CT

<ÎıX PNŸ[b ¶±Jmµ •TŸbDC C»N ""kb|kC Eh‡NŸC*P •T|±Da <J<Ó^>C‘> '' hÒb<±» •TÚ ≥‡a $ PDË ëòëò ÓC* •TJ•Tcb ÓC*

¿bCGŸyE^>J Jb ∂VT Eh‡NŸC*P •T|±Da •TÚ hÒb±Db •TÚ ≥ ∂ $ <ÆPCëòìî ÓC* kE£ •TŸ E‡Ø ¿bCGŸyE^>J Eh‡NŸC*P •T|±Da

•CT DbÓ PC ±ND∂≥q>D G•T‡b ≥‡b $ P •T|±Da •Tb ëòïìÓC* P<ÎJ‡D ÓCG‘>•TJ ÆDŸJ ÓC* bC ≥‡b ga ÓN»‡aJbJ PaJ

•CT ±–‡bPbC* PC PÎ∂±–ÒÓ BbŸ»a‡ Db≥GŸ•TbCT •Tb kaÓb hÎa•TbŸ G•T‡b ≥‡b $

Pa »Ÿ´ PDË ëòóê »•T BbŸ» Î·∂ ÓC* ò BbŸ»a‡ yÎ ëí <Î£C~a •T|±<D‡bH ¿„h»œÎ ÓC* ¿b‡a $ ¿bq>bC* BbŸ»a‡

•T|±<D‡bH ÆaÎD kaÓb <D≥Ó •TÚ hÒb±Db »•T •Tb‡∂Ÿ» Ÿá ¿bºŸ ëôïñ ÓC* ÆaÎD kaÓb <D≥Ó ÓC* P<Î<J» •TŸ Ja ≥ ∂

P •TbJ ÓC* kaÓb •T|±<D‡bC* ÓC* ¿b±Pa ±–<»h±µb∂ ¿<µ•T»Ó JbBbÆ∂D •TÚ BbÎDb, ±–m‡b<Æ •CT Óbº<æ•T ÓØe‡bC* ÓC*

<Î·Ó»b, <D‡ÓbC* ÓC <Î·Ó»b, ŸbÆ•TÚ‡ <D‡_L •Tb ¿BbÎ »Òb £bÎb BN≥»bD ÓC* <ÎJk ¿b<£ £bC· <ÎÀÓbD ÒC,

±GŸLbÓ»# kaÓb •CT ±–<» JbC≥bC* ÓC* <Î~C· ¶œPb´ Dá* Òb $

<~[b-±–PbŸ —‡b±bŸ ±–µbD D≥ŸbC* •Tb <Î•TbP, ‡b»b‡b» yÎ P™bŸ PbµDbC* •CT <Îh»bŸ •CT PbÒ kaÓb

•T±<D‡bC* •TÚ Pv‡b ÓC* <Îh»bŸ bC»b ≥‡b $

íêÎa* ~»bm£a ÓC* ÆaÎD kaÓb —‡ÎPb‡ •Tb <Î•TbP - (Ÿb˜^¨>a‡•TŸL •CT ±ØÎ∂)

ÆaÎD •TÚ ÆbC<⁄Ó •CT <ÎıX PNŸ[b •TÚ »Òb B<Î˜‡ •TÚ ¿<D<A™»»b •TbC •TÓ •TŸDC •TÚ <£~b ÓC* kaÓb

—‡ÎPb‡ •TÚ »ŸVT ÆD PbÓbE‡ •TÚ ı<™ ÓC* ¶cŸbCcŸ Î…<X bC»a ≥‡a yÎ ÆaÎD kaÓb —‡ÎPb‡ •Tb •–TÓ~# <Î•TbP

´bC»b ≥‡b $



DMV Journal


DMV Journal


•T|±<D‡bC* •TÚ Pv‡b ëôëî ëôíê ëôíï ëôìê ëôìï ëôîê ëôîï ëôïê ëôïï

BbŸ»a‡ •T|±<D‡b îî îì îô ñò íëï ëóô íêê ëòô ëòô

<Î£C~a •T|±<D‡b - - - - íî ëñ ëï íê íê

D‡b —‡ÎPb‡

(Jb⁄ ı±‡bC ÓC*)

BbŸ»a‡ •T|±Da ìíê ïëó òëï ëïñò ìëïó ìíìì ëííóò ëíïòò ííêôê

<Î£C~a •T|±Da - - - ëëóï ëëñí ìòê ëíñê ëìóê ëóîê

•NTJ ™bJØ —‡ÎPb‡

(Jb⁄ ı±‡bC* ÓC*)

BbŸ»a‡ •T±<D‡b ííîî ìëêô îóêê òîòô ëîñêí ííïïë îïôîì ñóëêê ôòîêê

<Î£C~a •T|±<D‡b - - - ñôóñ òòóó ñêëí ëêôêê ëêôëê ëìôêê



ÆaÎD kaÓb —‡ÎPb‡ •Tb Ÿb˜^¨>a‡•TŸL yÎ BbŸ»a‡ ÆaÎD kaÓb <D≥Ó •TÚ hÒb±Db

PÓ‡-PÓ‡ ±Ÿ JbC≥bC* ÙbŸb ŸbÆ•TÚ‡ ¿<B≥bC±D PhÒb •TÚ hÒb±Db G•T‡C ÆbDC ¿ÒÎb ~bPD •CT ±ØL∂ <D‡_L

ÓC* y•T hÎb‡c~bPa <D≥Ó •CT ı± ÓC* ÆaÎD kaÓb —‡ÎPb‡ •TbC P≥Gq>» G•T‡C ÆbDC Pkµa Ób≥C* ¶q>»a Ÿá ´º* $ s‡bC*G•T

JbC≥bC* •TÚ ‡´ ÓbE‡»b Òa G•T ÆD PCÎb •TÚ BbÎDb PC •Tb‡∂Ÿ» PBa ¿b<Ò∂•T —‡ÎPb<‡•T PhÒbyH ÆD»b •CT <´» ÓC*

ŸbÆ•TÚ‡ hÎb<ÓœÎ ÓC* bCDa ™b<´‡C $

ÕbC» - (ë) G‘>‡D Eh‡NŸC*P ‡Ÿ kN•T

(í) ¿bC.±a. kbÆ±C‡a - y<JÓCE^>PË ¿bMVT Jb VT Eh‡NŸC*P , ±…˜q> ëóí.

kaPÎa* ~»bm£a •CT ™bºÒC £~•T •CT ¶»Ÿbµ∂ ÓC* ÆaÎD kaÓb —‡ÎPb‡ •CT Ÿb˜^¨>a•TŸL •TÚ Ób≥ ÓC* k´È» »aÎ–»b

¿b‡a ±GŸLbÓ»# BbŸ»a‡ Ÿb˜^¨>a‡ •Tb≥–CP ÙbŸb kaÓb —‡ÎPb‡ •CT ±–™<J» <Î<µ <D‡ÓbC* •CT ±NDŸa[L •TŸDC •CT

¶”CA‡ PC ga •CT.^>a. ~b´ •TÚ ¿«‡[»b ÓC* y•T ¿«‡‡D P<Ó<» •Tb ≥q>D G•T‡b´º $ P P<Ó<» •CT ±–h»bÎbDNPbŸ

ÆaÎD kaÓb ±–PbŸ —‡Gs»≥» —‡b±bGŸ‡bC* •CT y•Tb<µ•TbŸ ÓC* Dá* bCDb ™b<ý »bG•T ¿DN<™» JbB ¿Æ∂D •TÚ ±–Î…<c

±Ÿ ŸbC•T J≥ P•CT $ PC »œ•Tb<J•T BbŸ»a‡ PŸ•TbŸ DC ¿—‡bÎ´bGŸ•T yÎ ¿JbB±–£ ÓbD»C È‡C ¿hÎa•TbŸ •TŸ <£‡b

$ »Òb<± ÆD PbÓbE‡ •TÚ BbÎDb •TbC PÓΩ»C ´È‡C ëôìò •Tb EA‡bC*ŸC*P ¿<µ<D‡Ó Jb≥Ø G•T‡b <ÆP•CT ÙbŸb kaÓb

—‡ÎPb‡ ±Ÿ ±–BbÎa ŸbÆ•TÚ‡ <D‡_L •TÚ —‡hÒb •TbC hÎa•TbŸ G•T‡b $ P•CT ±A™b» J≥b»bŸ Ÿb˜^¨>a•TŸL •TÚ Ób≥

¶q>»a Ÿá $

ëô ÆDÎŸa ëôïñ •TbC BbŸ» •CT »œ•TbJaD Ÿb˜^¨>±<» ÙbŸb £C~ •CT ¿E£Ÿ »Òb <Î£C~bC* ÓC* ÆaÎD kaÓb —‡b±bŸ

•TŸ Ÿá PÓh» BbŸ»a‡ •T±<D‡bC* »Òb BbŸ»a‡ ÆaÎD kaÓb —‡b±bŸ •TŸDC ÎbJa PBa <Î£C~a •T|±<D‡bC* •CT »œ•TbJ

±–BbÎ PC Ÿb˜^¨>a•TŸL G•T‡C ÆbDC Pkµa ¿«‡b£C~ •TÚ ¿<µPØ™Db •CT ±–PbŸL •CT PbÒ á ÆaÎD kaÓb —‡ÎPb‡ PC

P|kX ëïî £C~a, ëñ <Î£C~a yÎ óï ±–bCÎa‘>CE^> VT∑‘> PbCPb‡^>a ±Ÿ ~bPD •Tb ±ØL∂ <D‡_L bC ≥‡b $

íë Ób™∂ ëôïñ •TbC BbŸ»a‡ PP£ ÙbŸb ÆaÎD kaÓb ¿Gµ<D‡Ó •CT Ób«‡Ó PC Ÿb˜^¨>±<» •CT ¿«‡b£C~ •TbC

¿DNÓbC£D ±–£bD •TŸ ±–BbÎ~aJ ¿<µ<D‡Ó •Tb ı± <£‡b ≥‡b $

ëò ÆØD ëôïñ •TbC BbŸ» •TÚ PP£ ÙbŸb hÎa•…T» ÆaÎD kaÓb <D≥Ó ¿<µ‡Ó •TbC Ÿb˜^¨>±<» DC ¿±Db

¿DNÓbC£D ±–£bD •TŸ <£‡b $ íî ¿≥h» ëôïñ •TbC BbŸ» •CT »œ•TbJaD ±–µbDÓ_a ±. ÆÎb´Ÿ JbJ DC´ı DC Ÿb˜^¨> •CT

DbÓ ¿±DC P£C~ ÓC* <D•T^> B<Î˜‡ ÓC* PbÎ∂Æ<D•T [C_ ÓC* BbŸ»a‡ ÆaÎD kaÓb <D≥Ó •TÚ hÒb±Db yÎ ÆD»b •TÚ

P»»Ë PCÎb •TŸDC •Tb ¶eJC⁄ G•T‡b $ VTJ»# ë <P»|kŸ ëôïñ •TbC BbŸ»a‡ ÆaÎD ÆaÎD kaÓb <D≥Ó •TÚ

hÎb‡»~bPa PhÒb •CT ı± ÓC* <Î<µÎ»Ë hÒb±Db •TÚ ≥‡a »Òb PC BbŸ»Î·∂ ÓC* ÆaÎD kaÓb —‡ÎPb‡ •Tb y•Tb<µ•TbŸ

±–£bD G•T‡b ≥‡b $

P£B∂ ≥–Ò

(ë) ¿bC.±a. kbÆ±C‡a - yJaÓCE^ PË ¿bMVT Eh‡ØŸC*P, ±…˜q>, ëññ

(í) y. yD. ¿≥–ÎbJ - Eh‡ØŸC*P D G‘>‡b, ±…˜q>, ëë-ëï yÎ îô

(ì) yP.±a. ~Ób∂ - ¿b≥C∂Db ÆC~D ¿bMVT G‘>‡D Eh‡ØŸC*P, ±…˜q>, òñ

(î) GŸ±bC^>∂ ¿bMVT £a DC~DJ ÌJb<D≥ •TÓC^>a - ëôìò, G‘>‡D DC~DJ •Tb≥–CP ÙbŸb ≥Gq>»

(ï) ¿bCÓ ±–•Tb~ kbÆ±C‡a - ÆaÎD kaÓb •Ta BØ<Ó•Tb ÓC* ¶X», ±…˜q>, í

<Î•TbP •TÚ „hÒ<» •Tb ¿b•TJD <D|D<J<⁄» PbGŸLa PC G•T‡b Æb P•T»b ´º -

DMV Journal


DMV Journal




Empowering Women A Road Map for India

Dr. Rajesh Shukla

Head Deptt. of Sociology, Durga College, Raipur (C.G.)

“ There is no chance for the welfare of the world unless the condition of women is improved. It is not possible for a bird to fly on only one wing” said Swami Vivekananda. But through centuries, societies the world over, have been trying to fly on one wing denying women their rightful place. The very concept of women empowerment shows that societies, as such, have given a raw deal to women, who comprise nearly 50% of the population and women themselves had to come forward to fight for their rightful place in all walks of life and prevent their exploitation in every field. Women who number 498.7 Million, according to the 2001 census of India, represent 48.2% of the country’s population of 1027.01 Million.

Women empowerment in National and state politics has just been a non starter. Of course we made a bold beginning in respect of political empowerment of women at the grass-root level during the Rajiv Gandhi regime as during his tenure the sixty fourth constitution amendment bill for reservation for women in panchayet was introduced. Though it failed in the Rajya Sabha, it was reintroduced in the Narasimha Rao-regime. In december, 1992 the Parliament passed the 73rd and 74th. Constitution Amendment providing for 33% reservation for women in Panchayet Raj bodies. Women have stormed male bastions of power, not only in the village Panchayets, but in the Municipal Councils and Municipal Corporations in the towns and big cities.

Political empowerment of women is only a part of the overall main streaming of women. At the political level only microscopic minority of women at the him of affairs, can affect the change in the life of women. It is the economical and social empowerment of women that need to be given greater importance. This could be achieved through education. Education of women means greater awareness of their role in society, awareness of their rights, better knowledge of house-keeping and better performance of their role as a house-wife and mother. Education and training have opened up the avenues of employment and self employment in organised sector. As never before, women were working in diverse fields as doctors, engineers, IAS Officers, IPS Officers, Bank Officials and in a wide range of sectors in the unorganised arena. In agriculture, most of the operations are run by women.

Non government Organisations (NGOs) are playing a significant role in the empowerment of distressed women. The Department of women and child Development has been implementing special programmes for holistic development and empowerment of women with major focus on improvement of their socio economic status. There has been a policy shift from time to time based on the shift in emphasis. While the focus earlier was ‘Welfare and Development of Women’, now the focus is on ‘Women’s Empowerment’. In fact the year 2001 was declared as ‘Women’s Empowerment’ year to bring greater focus on the programmes of

women.

Women’s Empowerment : Conceptual Issues

In spite of the fact that the term has gained popularity and wide usage, it has neither been given any definite and authoritative definition nor the dimensions of it had been understood properly. Since women are considered the most oppressed section of the society, the term ‘Women’s Empowerment’ has come to be associated with women’s struggle for social justice and equality. The Goverment of India, with the explicit objective of empowering women, has launched several programmes and several older programmes have adopted this goal in recent years. But it has been found that in many cases, the world ‘Empowerment’ has simply been substituted by ‘Integrated Rural Development’, ‘Women Development’, ‘Community or Women Participation’ or ‘Conscientization’. But is empowerment merely a synonym for these things? Or is it different ? If it is, what is the difference and what changes does it demand in the strategy?

The term empowerment is often used to describe a process where by the powerless or disempowered gain a greater share of control of resources and decision making. This is because the most outstanding feature of the term ‘Empowerment is that it contains with in it the word ‘Power’. Therefore, the empowerment naturally is about power and about changing the balance of power. Power itself can be simply defined as control over resources and control of ideology and it is exercised through a series of orders of decision making capacity.

The resources over which control can be exercised falls into five broad categories such as :

1. Physical Resources (Land, Water, Forests).

2. Human Resources (People, their bodies, their Labour and skills).

3. Intellectual Resources (Knowledge, Information, Ideas).

4. Financial Resources (Money, Access to money).

5. Self (that unique combination of intelligence, creativity, self-esteem and confidence).

Similarly, control of idealogy means the ability to determine beliefs, values, attitudes and virtually control over ways of thinking and perceiving situations. The extent of power of an individual or group is, in turn, correlated to how many different kinds of resources they can access and control. This control confers decision making power, which is used to increase access to and control over resources.

Parameters Of Empowerment

Women become empowered through collective reflection and decision making, because collective action on specific issues can itself contribute to a sharpening of consciousness as the process of organizing itself involves shared goals and as a search for an alternative perspective and strategy. The following are the parameters of Women’s empowerment :

1. Building a positive self-image and self confidence.

2. Developing ability to think critically.

3. Building up group cohesion, fostering decision making and action.

4. Ensuring equal participation in the process of bringing about social change.

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5. Encouraging group action in order to bring about change in the society.

6. Providing the wherewithal for economic independence.

Levels Of Empowerment

The levels of women empowerment, according to Longwe (1990), could be classified into five viz.

1. Welfare.

2 Access.

3. Awareness or Conscientization.

4. Participation or Performance.

5. The need to move from the level of welfare to control, is a useful one.

‘Welfare’ is nothing but to improve the living conditions of women. ‘Access’ is the possibility to obtain services, products or commodities. ‘Awareness’ or ‘Conscientization’ stands for the process of exposing people to the problems, which affect men and women because of discrimination and other societal problems. It is a crucial step towards enabling environment. ‘Participation’ or ‘Performance’ involves ensuring equitable participation of women in the socio-political and economic processes and structures, It ensures equal participation of women in development planning, development processes and development programmes. Control means the ability to direct or to influence events, recognizes women’s right to control her destiny, have an equal share in the resources and benefits and expanding the role of women as decision makers in public and private domains, so that they are better able to control their lives. The absence of above would more clearly address the underlying causes of women’s powerlessness and the discrimination they experience in their daily lives.

Indicators For Women Empowerment

The following are the indicators for women’s empowerment.

1. Women become vocal, articulate and fearlessly self-expressive through their assembly in small groups and start making discussions about the self, within the family and in groups where she belongs.

2. Women’s knowledge and awareness of their situation, and access to, new kinds of information, knowledge, attitudes and skills.

3. Women’s ability to speak out and act on oppressive practices and violence against women with in the family and outside it, for asserting their views and rightful share.

4. Women gain significant confidence because of their role as decision makers, accounts keepers, technically skilled agricultural workers and villages engineers, planners of action programmes, trainers etc.

5. Women’s physical mobility increases due to their attendance in meetings, training, cultural programmes, study tours, conferences and field action programmes.

6. Women often along with their men, begin to collectively address the forms of exploitation such as right to minimum wages, right to ownership of land and other family assets in their own names. Thereby, women’s economic status improves leading to higher say and status in family matters.

7. Women develop capacities and skills to understand and perceive situations, reflect upon it, critically analyze the situation further and explore possible situations for the problems posed before them.

8. Women put together courage to do chores taken care of and performed by men so far relevant scientific and mathematical skills (like constructing bunds, handling technical instruments, calculating one’s wages etc.)

9. Women’s formation, of formal or informal groups, engage in struggles and action in common concerns and issues in an united manner.

10. Women’s group collectively access resources or schemes or services to meet their needs such as health, nutrition and childcare and set up and manage their own services, if necessary, eg., Creches and Non-formal schools for children, credit and saving schemes.

11. Level of violence, atrocities and oppressive social customs begin to decrease due to her social and economic environment.

12. Altogether the image of women, as a respectable source of strength, improve significantly with in and outside the family because of the change in women’s self-image from one of the subordination and subjugation to one of self-esteem, confidence and equality.

Empowerment Of Women : Present Approaches and Strategies

Women’s issues could be broadly classified into five, all of them relating to the status of women, namely, political recognition, access to education, access to employment, legal recognition and cultural recognition. Women needed to be empowered in almost all of them, otherwise they will not get their fightful share of the productive resources or participate in the decisions that affect their lives. In other words, as the term ‘Empowerment’ is very broad, women’s empowerment could be broadly classified into five different aspects viz, political, social, economic, legal and cultural.

Women empowerment is fast emerging as an important slogan. This slogan is gradually being integrated with that of participation, advanced so vociferously by many in 1970’s and 1980’s with the accent of development progress becoming people centered and equitably distributed. It was also recognized that there is a need for equal participation of women and men in every sphere of national life for the purpose of national development and also for the better standard of living. Gender equality represented by fairer opportunities for women and better access to education, childcare, credit and employment contribute to their development. It is also recignized that investing in women’s capabilities and empowering them to achieve their choices, is the surest way to contribute to economic growth and overall development of the nation. In India women were recognized as a separate target group after 1980, and the government began to direct its effort towards main-streaming of women into the national development process. Three major approaches were adopted one after the other by the government towards the development of women (1) The welfare approach, (2) The anti-poverty approach and (3) The equity / equality approach. While the welfare approach lays stress on the importance on women’s roles as wives and mothers and areas of family welfare, the anti-poverty approach was build on two strategies -

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need for recognizing women’s participation in development and exposing women’s significant contribution to family income, paid and unpaid work. The equity / equality approach focuses on women’s actual productive contribution rather than looking at it from the traditional role as wives and mothers. The aim of this approach is to ensure women’s rightful and equal position in society through direct programmes that would enhance women’s activities in both the household as well market spheres. Some of the empowering mechanism in India could be identified as follows :

1. Literacy and higher education.

2. Better healthcare for herself and her children.

3. Higher age at marriage.

4. Better work participation in modernized sectors.

5. Necessary financial and service support for self-employment.

6. Opportunities for higher positions of power.

7. Complete knowledge of her rights.

8. Self-reliance, self-respect and dignity of being a women.

Let us now analyze each area of empowerment of women.

Suggestive Approaches and Strategies for Empowerment of Women

Women’s powerlessness is due to a complex inter-play of factors such as historical, social, political, economical, legal and cultural. Both men and women are conditioned from birth to conform to certain stereotypes and roles and thus view themselves and other sex in these terms. Poor women by virtue of their gender, are considered to be the ‘poorest of the poor’. A woman has great capacity to work but she does not find proper avenues. There is a lack of confidence in her, which is mainly the creation of environment. What is neede today, is to restore the confidence of women in her capacity and to provide a sense of security to her. The problem is a very complicated and comprehensive one. It needs an ‘integrated approach’, tackling the problem by different agencies. For our convenience it may be broadly divided into three categories.

1. First, there is a need to create an awareness in the society of the social ills.

2. Secondly, the law enforcing agency should be made more effective and suitable to tackle the problem in right perspective.

3. Thirdly, to provide socio-economic security to women.

Another approach which could be followed for the empowerment of women, is the ‘women’s mobilization approach’. Mobilization, in general, is a process which is induced at the attitudinal and behavioral levels in social groups with in a society. Mobilization of women in India is a critical social process. It is an organized effort by various sections of women and other Non-governmental Organizations (NGO’s) to initiate change in society at the level of values and institutions. Any analysis of such a social process consist of studying various inter-related social activities, inter-actions and events as related to ideology and power matrix. It must address those endeavors and processes which have a direct impact upon the patterns of power and resources within household, civil society and the State. We should be more concerned with more

structures and relationships, which redefine the meaning power. Women cannot be considered to be empowered, if they still carry the age old burden and men continue to enjoy their traditional right to have all household services provided to them by their womenfolk. There will have to be new modalities worked out to share the responsibilities of house work.

One criticism, which is often leveled against this approach of organizing women, is that it is a very slow process and takes much longer than other approaches to make a visible impact. But the women’s mobilization approach is very open-ended and places no boundary on women’s empowerment. It appears to be a very holistic approach, spanning the personal and the political, the local and the national. It seems to believe that empowerment is, whatever women want it to be something which women must define, direct and determine.

There is another approach of empowerment of women, called the ‘gender sensitive participatory approach’. But this term we imply an approach which is not only participatory but is informed by the belief that the problematic category in women’s development is not the women but the socially constructed relationship between men and women, in which women occupy a subordinate position. Women in such relations, lack control over their labour, mobility, fertility, sexuality and bodies, and do not have rights over property and right to decision making. Besides, the development paradigm, which is based on the market mechanism, privatization, liberation, high technology and environmental degradation, has led to further deterioration of women’s position in the society. Therefore, struggles towards empowering women need to address the multiple social relations and institutions which oppress women and simultaneously re-define development from a gender perspective.

The gender sensitive participatory approach also refers to an approach, which recognizes the personal as potential and creates spaces for women to identify and address their strategic gender interests rather that just practical needs. Strategic gender interests challenge the existing gender relations, which maintain women in a sub position. Whereas the practical gender needs arise out of acceptance of the existing gender relation such as, access to safe drinking water etc., by women empowerment one does not imply that women should gain power over themselves and such power can be derived by multiple sources like organization / unity, confidence building, awareness, education, economic independence and claiming positions of power.

In general, the main approach to empowering women can be summarized as follows :

1. Total approach development of the person and the community.

2. Non-violent approach.

3. Leading role for women and creation of leadership.

4. Power vested in the people.

5. Participation of the concerned people.

6. Systematic planning, organization monitoring and evaluation of programmes by women themselves.

7. Clear vision and commitment in certain idealogy.

8. Conscientization through education and training

9. Helping to develop people’s organization -self supporting

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10. Developing grass root activities to educate the masses and organize them

11. Identification of workers with people in terms of total dedication.

12. Team work an collective decision making

13. Change in power equation.

Women’s development would include not only material growth but also, and perhaps more realistically and meaningfully, the blossoming of their intellectual, personnel, emotional psychological cultural and even spiritual progress. Therefore, empowerment of women cannot be a static notion but a dynamic process its approach is balanced, integrative and holistic, it has common goals and it is participatory in nature. Today women’s concern in all sectors education and literacy, health and nutrition traning and income generation, legislative and judicial reforms have been flag marked therefore, strategies for empowering women would have to be sharpened to be effective. The empowerment strategy should generally follow the following processes.

(i) Identify the poorest and most oppressed women of a selected geo-political region urban or rural.

(ii) Train activists/ change agents, who are gander aware and politically conscious to interact with mobilize, learn from and raise the consciousness of such women.

(iii) The change agents will help women in transforming themselves from an aggregate of individuals into a cohesive collective.

(iv) Facilitiate women to collectively question their situation and develop critical thinking look at themselves and their environment in new ways, develop a positive self image and recognize their strengths including existing knowledge and skills and explode sexist myths and misconceptions.

(v) To put women in the lead, primacy should be given to the idea of economic and political strengths through programmes of collective activities without ‘ghettoizing’ women’s issues.

(vi) There is a definite need to facilitate formation of women’s NGO network to play catalytic roles in the social transformation and development processes and to form a strong collective through which individual and collective problems are identified and prioritized.

(vii) Enable women to function effectively as a collective, including collective decision making, action, critical reflection and accountability.

(viii) Enable women to formulate a vision of an alternative society.

(ix) Acquire empowering skills viz vocational, managerial, literacy and numeric basic data collection skills for conducting surveys etc. which build be autonomy and power of poor women.

(x) Strengthen women to independently struggle for change in (a) their material condition of existence, (b) their personal lives and (c) their treatment in the public sphere.

(xi) Build federations of women’s collectives at local, regional and national, also global levels through which poor women can continue to challenge power structure and

empower themselves for the well being of the society as a whole.

From the foregoing description of the concept of empowerment its components aspects and strategies it is clear that empowerment of women is a complicated and uphill task. This is so because the existing patriarchal value on which the present gender inequality is built, are firmly established in society and are accepted and legitimized by both men and women as pragmatic and utilitarian. To dislodge them in order to pave the way for egalitarian values will require a total change in the society. Ironically, this change will have to be introduced by the very holders of these values . However women’s empowerment has become the hot issue of today and the Government has been taking positive steps in this direction and the role of NGOs in this respect is worth mentioning it is because of the Government’s positive efforts and the work put in by the NGOs/ Women’s Bodies, at least awareness regarding importance of women’s empowerment has gone up significantly and is expected to further increase.

Earlier women’s life was confined within four walls of her house as a domestic slave whose only duty was child bearing rearing and looking after the family, but now things are changing. Thanks to the role of media and education, women have now made a foray into various fields as never before From a farm girl working in the field to a pilot scaling the vast horizon. Now women have found a foothold in organized sector, private sector as well as public sector, small scale and large scale industries. Entrepreneur opportunities have been provided for literate as well as illiterate women Our government also think for the women as for this ‘Rozgar Yojanas’ scheme was provided where women too should be equally paid Good education and job opportunities would boost the morale of women, scholarship and financial aid should be provided to brilliant girls hailing form economically poor background. Women empowerment would materialize and assume a concrete shape it two key solutions are put to use whole heartedly Women should establish their own identity and respect their own individuality. Secondly, the democratic notion of gender equality should be implemented and actualized . The very issue of women empowerment crops up because of men’s refusal to view a woman as his other half without which his individual identity is incomplete.

Considering the above, it can be said that the present measures of empowering women are only palliatives . Only symptoms are being treated so far, not the disease. Only a radical change in the value system, re establishing the principles of gender equality and gender justice, will be able to achieve women’s equality and ensure honorable co existence of women with men in the society A new movement in the direction is the need of the hour. In a democracy, this should be initiated at the political level. The media has also a vital role to play here, as their responsibility lies in projecting the issue of ‘Women’s Empowerment’ in the right perspective Activists groups, women’s Bodies should pressurize political parties to incorporate this value clearly and categorically in the ideology and action programmes, Anything less than efforts at value change will be only exercises in futility.

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Annual Journal of Durga Mahavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.)13


References

1. Krishna Bhowmik-2006, Indian women the ushering of a new dawn, Mittal Publication , New Delhi.

2. Jaya Arunachalam, 2005, women’s equality -A struggle for survival, Gyan Publiching

House, New Delhi.

3. Globalisation and women, 2005 http://www.davidhwells. com.

4. Razia Parwen, 2005, Empowerment of women strategies and systems for gender

justice , dominant Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi.

5. Yasodha Shanmugasundram, 2000, women’s studies- Theory and method, Publication

Division Mother Teresa Women’s University Press, Kodaikanal.

6. Noorjehan Ganihar and Shahtaj Begum, 2007, Gender Issues and women

Empowerment, Discovery Publishing house, New Delhi.

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Nurturing 'Good English': Contesting Global Norms

Dr. (Mrs.) Madhu Kamra

Head, Deptt. of English, Durga Mahavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.)

Communicative competence is by for the most recognized social skill. We use language for

requesting, informing, ordering, promising, and reprimanding to name a few. In addition to

using language to conceptuatlise the world, we also use it as a personal medium. Language

is an essential part of our “personalizing” process bringing ourselves into 'being'

linguistically. English language has retained its importance as a communicative language

both on national and individual level. On the national level, it opens the window to the world,

a language favoured by the UPSC, legal and banking systems, trade, commerce and

Defence. On the individual level it serves as the language of opportunity, as an asset to one

who is in a look out for socio-economic rise.

The world of Business is a busy world of language. It is here that corporate English

has emerged as the accepted medium for global transactions. It entails the learning of

English for functional utility exclusively in a corporate environment. According to Mckinsey

Global Institute:

Only 13 percent of University Graduates from low-wage

countries are suitable for employment in multinational

companies and the number one reason is lack of English

skills.

(infotech indiatimes.com, 2)

The Times of India: revealed that even the mid-level managers of “Wipro” can speak

perfect English and are deft at communicating through power-points at meetings. The

regime of English is now seen even in the areas of entrepreneurship, professionalism and

governance. The question that remains yet unanswered is “how skin deep is this dedication

of the employers and the employees to mutual growth?


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Undoubtedly corporate English has emerged as the accepted medium for global

transactions, yet there are jargons to that need be learned like “to join forces”, “to gain ground”

to sit in on a meeting” etc. Further the stock of English even varies from one organisation to

other. For E.g. “yahoo” has a more informal work-culture than “Microsoft”. Cultural differences

also determine the choice of words and syntax. For E.g. in Nordic countries taking turns during

a meeting or conference is the norm and no interruption is permissible whereas America is a

“no objection land” to interruption Funny comments during a presentation is offensive but

U.S. and U.K. regards it as a healthy strategy.

Learning of English through courses that offer, flexibility and interactivity is the need

of today's global world and we need to ready ourselves to successfully meet the demand of

cross-cultural multinational environment. The Business English syllabi offered by TESOL

(Teaching English to Speakers of other languages) testify the need of the day:

(1) Structuring and outlining

(2) Pronunciation and delivery

(3) Body Language

(4) Sentence Variation and Grammar

(5) Interviewing

(6) Cover letter and CV Writing

(7) Writing E-mails, letters, proposals and reports

(8) CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning)

Further it is to be considered that we rarely realise the frailty of words the bed rock of

interpersonal communication. Nelson Francis has said

Words do not have

meaning; people have

meanings for words.

Harey in his book Brush up your English: says, “every word we utter becomes peephole into

out inmost being”. Language competence therefore needs not only a ready mind but also

genuine art, for Emerson says.

“Each mind has its own method”.

Proper colour and style is also needed for good performance both in society as well


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as in a corporate work-space. Good communication in English is primarily a pattern

characterised by efficiency, Appropriateness, Flexibility, Acknowledgement and

Gratification.

Efficiency of a Good speaker is displayed in his ability to be thrifty and yet establish a

rapport or intimacy. It proves the adage right “we are all wise. The difference between.

Persons is not in wisdom but in art” Urbane Lucid and Eloquent expressions have more

takers, hence, for socializing precision, clarity, simplicity and correct pronunciation be strictly

adhered to. Watson observes

“command over language is the first requisite for a good conversationalist and good

vocabulary is the first step to it'.

(Improve Your Spoken English, 106)

Rupert Murdoch, Chairman and CEO News corporation is of mind that

“The world is changing very fast. Big will not beat small anymore. It will be the fast beating the

slow.”

Language due to its priority is given to “lazy thinking” communication be it verbal or

written is given to cloning. Meeting people and quoting the same sentences every time may

be expensive for our long labour invested into making relations. Appropriate sentences with

new fervour and new stock of words enlivens the fluidity of meaning for both speaker and

receiver for E.g. A Thank- you letter may be specific, sincere and short but fails to identify

specifically the gesture performed. Something like You have our sincere gratitude in giving

fruitful and concrete suggestions during the discussion hour with our experts in the

preparation of our Balance Sheet (of Firm National Motors, Pune) at our Chartered

Accountant's office - Mr. Neeraj Raj”

Here the superlatives are avoided to specifically measure the favour made. Simple

statements with adequate hue of credibility makes the message sound spontaneous.

Offering assistance on a short call would comment the bond and tactfully assert the sender's

good qualities.

“Flexibility” is the new catchword for every big dreamer in the global age. Language

being the mirror of what we 'do' 'did' and 'desire,' it is essential that we adapt ourselves to the

change in flux. Being a computer savvy employee is the need of the day, a must for all glam


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and expert jobs.

A flexible learner can be easily trained for considering his audience and anticipating

Reader reactions. Accuracy, completeness and authority will eliminate details and retain first-

choice words. Godrej pays excessive attention to the orientation of its Man-power so that the

“team work” feel accelerates work and mutual recognition A Chinese proverb richly honours

acknowledgements”

If you bow at all, bow low.

Acknowledgements are infected with little concern and at times a tailor cut clipping of

etiquettes. Writing acknowledgement reflects the writer/speaker integrity, honesty and intent.

Tachi Kiuchi, Former Managing Director of Mitsubishi Electronics says:

The whole essence of business should be responsibility in

speaking, in behaving. My philosophy is “We don't run

companies to earn profits, we earn profits to run companies.

Therefore Acknowledgements should be signed with a sense of “Pride” in winning

someone's “intentional venture”. This results in gratification -a similarity between both the

communicator's perspectives.

Listening is equally a significant requisite for constructing and preserving social and business

relations. It is keeping aside one's point of view and intently focussing on what others are

saying and why they are saying. Alongwith, how they are saying and which are their emphatic

words. The great Indian philosopher asserts the value of listening as;

one listens and therefore learns only in a state of attention ,a state of silence ,in

which this whole background is in abeyance,is quiet ,then ,it seems ,it is possible

to communicate.

Real listening gleans ideas and builds relationships. This is important in face to face

communication, in online communication and in sales and market programmes .Dr . Walter

Carl of Northeastern University categorises three levels of listening-

Recognition Simply recognising the speaker's existence .

Acknowledgement- Parapharasing what the speaker \speakers say or feel.


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Endorsement Accepting the speaker\speaker'sthoughts or point of view as valid

and legitimate. This is the stage of loyal relationship.

George siemens of Red River College Winnipeg, Canada has added-Knowing something is

great.

Knowing what it means moves us to a level where we can act-to support, redirect,

challenge.

“(Meaning-Meaning'-WWW.Connectiyism.ca\blog\34)

Listening in many ways is marketing; effective marketing to be precise .It highlights what

people are talking about, what they are concerned and dissatisfied about, what popular trends

are emerging and what language and feelings echo the customers. Listening holds the

invisible ingredients to languages as a microscope does .It brings to surface the intent of the

speaker whereby one's emotion, feeling and sentiment under the surface of the words can be

measured. Tone unearths the attitude, intentions of the speaker by clubbing it to body gesture

and choice of words.

Content comes as the second ingredient and it focusses the facts and the information. Third

comes the language and lexicons. The more memorable the more talkable and the more leggy

the message is the more stable a more engaging and a more genuine would be the response.

'Surf's excellence' is further established by it's name 'Surf excel'likewise the 'bigness' of big

bazar magentically pulls every big bulging wallet. Hence effective use of language be it the

wo/rld of togetherness of humanitarian nature or of money and wads. Real relevant and

respectful communication is the fastest way to success an all-prevailing success.

So, if English language is just one of the many factors that shape the corporate culture within

our country than where stands India's fate with nearly 13% of the corporate beings ready for it?

`Works Cited

Harey, Brush Up Your English: New Delhi: Parchay oversees, 1983

Bright, J.S. Improve Your Spoken English. Cochin: Streamlines Publishers, 1983


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Impact of Globalization on Higher Education in India Opportunities and Challenges

Dr. Ajay Kumar Chandrakar

Head Deptt. of political Science, Durga College, Raipur

Globalization and its meaning

The term ' Globalization' means integration of economies and societies through cross country

flows of information, ideas, technologies, goods, service, capital, finance and people. Cross

border integration can have several dimensions cultural, social, political and economic. In

fact, some people fear cultural and social integration even more than economic integration.

Historical Development

Nothing is permanent, only change is permanent. Globalization is a feature of changing

world. It is no more a recent phenomenon in the world and since India is major player of twenty

first century we are facing its socio- economic impacts. Initial enthusiasm for globalization as

a beneficial set of processes has yielded to an understanding that the phenomenon is largely

associated with increasing social inequality within and between countries as well as instability

and conflict.

Globalization is impacting the institutional framework in both developing and industrial

countries. It is changing the way in which government perceive their role in the society. It has

also far reaching implications for socio economic development and educational systems of

countries all over the World. With abundance of natural resources India has huge young and

skilled man power to excel in every walk of life.

Globalization has been a historical process. During the Pre-World I period of 1870 to 1914

there was rapid integration of the economies in terms of trade flows, movement of capital and

migration of people. The growth of globalization was mainly led by the technological forces in

the fields of transport and communication. Indeed there were no passports and visa

requirements and very few non- tariff barriers and restrictions on fund flows. Globalization,


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process was slow between the first and the second world war. After world war II all the

leading countries resolved not to repeat the mistakes they had committed previously by

opting for isolation. Although after 1945, there was a drive to increased integration, it took a

long time to reach the Pre-World War I level.

In terms of percentage of exports and imports to total output, the US could reach the pre-

World War level of 11 per cent only around 1970. Most of the developing countries like India,

Pakistan, Banladesh, Srilanka which gained Independence from the colonial rule in the

immediate Post World War II period followed an import substitution industrialization regime.

The Soviet bloc countries were also shielded from the process of global economic

integration. However, times have changed. In the last tw decades, the process of

globalization has proceeded with greater vigor.

Benefits of Globalization

Every event, activity and decision has its advantages as well as disadvantages. The

benefits from globalization can be analyzed in the context types of channels of economic

globalization identified earlier.

Trade in Goods and Services

We know that international trade leads to allocation of resources that is consistent

with comparative advantage. This results in specialization which enhances productivity. It is

a accepted that international trade, in general, is beneficial and that restrictive trade

practices impede growth. That's why many of the emerging economies. Which originally

depended on a growth modal of import substitution, have moved over to a policy of outward

orientation.

Trade in goods and services is important for every type of economy weather

developed or developing. Emerging economies will get the benefits of international trade

agreements make exceptions by allowing longer time to developing economies in terms of

reduction in tariff and non-tariff barriers. “Special and differentiated treatment” , as it is very

often called has become an accepted principle.


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Movement of Capital

Capital is key factor of production. Capital flows countries have played an important

role in enhancing the production base. Without capital any type of economic activity is not

possible, India had fund crisis several times. Capital mobility enables the total saving of the

world to be distributed among countries which have the highest investment potential. Under

these circumstances, one country's growth is not constrained by its own domestic savings.

The current account deficit of some of these countries had exceeded 5 per cent of the

GDP in most of the period when growth was rapid. Capital flows can take either the form of

foreign direct investment or portfolio investment. The inflow of foreign capital has played a

significant role in the development in the recent period of the East Asian countries. For

developing countries the preferred alternative is foreign direct investment. Portfolio investment

does not directly lead to expansion of productive capacity. It may do so, however, at one step

removed. Portfolio investment can be volatile particularly in times of loss of confidence. That is

why countries want to but restrictions on portfolio investment. However, in an open system

such restrictions cannot work easily.

Financial flows

Emergence of strong capital market has been one of the important features of the

current process of globalization. While he growth in capital and foreign exchange markets

have facilitated the transfer of resources across borders the gross turnover in foreign

exchange markets has been extremely large. It is estimated that the gross turnover is around $

1.5 trillion per day worldwide. This is of the order of hundred times greater than the volume of

trade in goods and services. Currency trade has become an end in itself. However, the volatility

in the foreign exchange market and the ease with which funds can be withdrawn from countries

has created often times panic situations. The most example of this was the East Asian crisis.

Contagion of financial crises is a worrying phenomenon. When one country faces a crisis, it

affects others. It s not as financial crises are solely caused by foreign exchange traders.

Concerns and fears

A nation or economy must be careful about globalization. On the impact of

globalization, there are two major concerns. These may be described as even fears. Under


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each major concern there are many related anxieties. The first major concern is that

globalization leads to a more iniquitous distribution of income among countries and within

countries. The second fear is that globalization leads to loss of national sovereignty and those

countries are finding it increasingly difficult to follow independent domestic policies. These

two issues have to be addressed both theoretically and empirically.

Economists have different views on Globalization. Some favor it while many oppose

it. The argument that globalization leads to inequality is based on the premise that since

globalization emphasizes efficiency. Advanced countries have had a head start over the other

countries by at least three centuries. The technological base of these countries is not only

wide but highly sophisticated. While trade benefits all countries, greater gains accrue to the

industrially advanced countries.

International trade is no longer determent by the distribution of natural resources. By

and large, this treatment provides for longer transition periods in relation to adjustment. With

the advent of information technology, the role of human resources has emerged as more

important. With the advent Specialized human skills will become the determining factor in the

coming decades. Productive activities are becoming “knowledge intensive” rather than

“resource intensive”. While there is a divide between developing and the advanced countries

even in this area some people call it the digital divide it is a gap which can be bridged. A

globalized economy with increased specialization can lead to improved productivity and

faster grown. What will be required is a balancing mechanism to ensure that the handicaps of

the developing countries are overcome.

Globalization Education and HR Development

Knowledge is the driving force in the raping changing globalized economy and

society. Quantity and quality of specialized human resource determine their competence in

the global market. Emergence of knowledge as driving factor results in both challenges and

opportunities. It is well known that the growth of the global economy has increased

opportunities for countries with good level of education.

Globalization has a multi-dimensional impact on the system of education. It promotes

new tools & techniques this area E-learning Flexible, learning, Distance Education Programs

and Overseas training. Globalization will mean many difference things for education. In the


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near future. “it will mean a more competitive and deregulated educational system modeled

after tree market but with more pressure on it to assure that the next generation of workers are stprepared for some amorphous 'job market of 21 century'.

Since “Life long jobs have been converted in to yearly contracts these is still

possibility of even short duration jobs. Our education system should deliver such education

and training so that professional can adjust themselves as per market expectations. It has

underlined the need for reforms in the educational system with particular reference to the

wider utilization of information technology, giving productivity dimension to education and

emphasis on its research and development activities.

The benefits of globalization accrue to the countries with highly skilled human capital

and it is a curse for the countries without such specialized human capital. Developing and

transition countries are further challenged in a highly competitive world economy because

their higher education systems are not adequately developed for the creation and use

knowledge. Converting the challenges into opportunities depend on the rapidity at which they

adapt to the changing environment.

India is also the global phenomenon

India is also following the global phenomenon. As part of globalization, the economic

reform packages were introduced in India in the beginning of 1991, These reform packages

imposed a heavy compression on the public budgets on education sector, more specifically so

on higher education. This has trickled down to public expenditure on education in general,

higher education in particular.

India government and India corporate sector has recognized the importance of

management education in the changing global scenario. Today under the reforming economic

conditions, integration of the India economy with world economy presupposes efficiency and

competitiveness in the domestic front as well as in the international arena. As the process of

globalization is technology-upon the competence of human capital.

But, What is observed is the reverse. Even within the education sector, relative

priority assigned to higher education has been on the decline. It is to be realized that higher

education institutions play an important role in setting the academic standard for primary and

secondary education. They are also responsible for not only providing the specialized human


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capital in under to corner the gains from globalization, but also for training inside the country,

provide policy, etc.

Globalization is expected to have a positive influence on the volume, quality and

spread of knowledge through increased interaction among that various stares.

Today our educational system is strong enough but Central and state government

should change their roles within the education system, re-inventing themselves as facilitating

and supervisory organization. Teacher training, infrastructure and syllabuses need to be

urgently upgraded. Industry should come forward to share experience with students and to

offer more opportunities for live Projects.

The free market philosophy has already entered the educational world in a big way.

Commercialization of education is the order of the day. Commercial institutions offering

specialized education have come up everywhere. In view of globalization, many corporate

universities, both foreign and Indian, are encroaching upon our government institutions. Our

Institution like IIM'S and IIT'S have produced world class professionals. These institutes

imparts quality education as per industry expectations and given due importance to Institute

Industry Interface. Under the new scenario, Government Private partnership is becoming

important in Management Education. Now India is a transforming country. We are near to

achieve status of developed nation.

The demand for higher education has been growing raping with comparatively faster

growth in enrolment in higher educational institutions 1 than the growth in number of higher

educational institutions. The growth rates are doubled among the students enrolled in post-

graduate and research, while the number of institutions for post-graduate and research studies

has grown at a slower rate in 1990s than in 1980s.

Though the enrolment has increasing in absolute terms, only 7 per cent of the

population in the age group 17 to 24 attended higher educational institution in India, as against

92 per cent of the eligible age-group population attending higher educational institution in USA,

52 per cent in UK and 45 per cent in Japan.


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References :

1. AICTE (1994) report of the high power Committee for mobilization of Additional

Resources for Technical Education, All India Council for Technical Education, New

Delhi.

2. Government of India (1997) Approach paper to the ninth Five year plan: 1997-2002,

Planning Commission, New Delhi.

3. Dr. C. Rangrajan, Chairman economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister.

4. Reports of UGC, AICTE & Ministry of HRD-Government of India.

5. Various Books, Journals, Magazines, Reports.


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Women as Human Resource

Dr. Anita Rajpuria

The challange of development in the broadest sense is to improve the quality of life which generally calls for higher income. It indicates as ends, better education, higher standards of health and nutrition, less poverty, a cleaner environment, more equality of opportunity, greater individual freedom and a richer cultural life. So any notion of strictly economic progree must, at a minimum, look beyond growth in per capita incomes.

The aim of this paper is to establish the concept of women as human resource, which mainly depends on four counts.

1. The strategy of human resource development and women’s role in it.

2. The effects of women’s education on child health.

3. Women’s work participation in India.

4. Various links between women’s work and economic development.

1. Strategies on human Resources Development with women as Input

Human resource development is the most important approach to raise the level of aspiration and productivity and to break the vicious circle of poverty at the most vulnerable points, without which no wealth can be created. Better health and education of men and women form socio-economic development in the human environment. Without these, all other investments in food production and community services will be less effective. The earlier faith in development through accumulation of material capital has been replaced by a new creed of investment in human capital.

A typical list of activities that improve human capabilities would be, (a) Health facilities and services broadly conceived to include all expenditure that effect the life expectancy, strength and stamina, the vigour and vitality of people, (b) On-the-job training including old style apprenticeship organized by farms, (c) Formally organized education at the elementary, secondary and higher levels. Investments in human capital is probably the major explanation for the difference in economic development. The role of education in development has been clearly recognized even since the days of Adam Smith. It is opined that technological change comes through highly educated and trained manpower. Investment in education in under developed countries can bring about much more returns than investment in developed countries because there will a higher productivity on account of skilled human capital, precious cycle of education and development. Higher education is very important because it results in creating trained and technical manpower, scientists and research oriented persons which form a base for innovations and technological changes in a scociety.


Professor of Sociology, Govt. B.C.S. College, Dhamtari (C.G.)

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informal sector. Equal pay, equal training, promotion and also childcare facilities will bring in increasing number of married women into the workforce. Greater will be the participation of women in spite of lager families and greater childcare burden in order to maintain better living standards. Women’s participation in terms of hours worked is a function of wives’ earnings, husband’s earnings, net annual unearned income, age of youngest child and number of children.

Due to the educational attainment and financial stability, the middle class women have greater preference for white color jobs, whereas under-previleged lower strata of women who are illiterate,go for menial jobs that are available for them.

Higher education is to be encouraged as it results in creating trained and technical manpower, scientist and research oriented persons, who will form a base for innovations and technical changes in the society.

4. Perspectives of women’s work and Development

Women’s work participation in India presents various trends due to compared to changing structural features of the economy, it is quite low as other developing countries. Industrial development and modernization has displaced quite a large number of women working in traditional occupations. However, there has been a recent rise in women’s participation in work due to the grains in the middle age range, particularly among mothers with young children.

Females are at a greater disadvantage than man for the scarce job opportunities in India. The Female Marginaliztion(FM) thesis argued that women are progressively marginalized from production in the process of Industrialization and economic development. Empirical evidences show women’s confinement to home and to inferior jobs while they are excluded from industrial employment in India also, women are excluded from productive work and they are concentrated in marginal occupations and are increasingly segregated and casualized in terms of Employment.

The reasons for low participation of women in the work force are heavy domestic work load, lack of assured work, irregular and underpayment of wages, absence of transport facilities, lack of childcare centres and other supportive services. In India women’s work participation rate is a function of landlessness, poverty and Socio cultural factors. Women workers are mostly concentrated in the rural sector, particularly in the agriculture since, (i)most agricultural operations are simple and do not require skill, (ii) agricultural work is seasonal and so women need not be away from home for long periods and (iii) it is easier to carry the child along to an agricultural work place than to an office or factory.

The spread of education has opened up employment opportunities for women in the tertiary sector. Women outnumber men in household industries like textiles and tobacco products. Regarding the services, there has been a marginal increase in the portion of women in white collored jobs like Doctors, nurses, teachers, clerks etc. Relating employment of women to their age group, a considerable percentage of women job seekers are found above the age of 50 years and married.

The Female work participation in India is always much lower than the males.

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In 1890, Alfred Marshall wrote that health and strength, physical, mental and moral are the basis of industrial wealth. Development recognizes that improved food supplies and nutrition together, with basic services such as health and education, do not only directly improve the physical well-being and quality of the poor but can also indirectly enhance the productivity and their ability to contribute to the national economy. Integrated health, nutrition and family planning programmes offer considerable promise as valuable and effective supplement to production oriented strategies. The bebefits of good health flow well into the future, a mother’s good health strongly influences the early physical and mental development of her children. Health is an essential component of development as an input and as a goal. Nutrition improves health, health and education improve attitude to family planning and promote development by directly incrasing production.

2. Women’s Education and Child Health

Gender discrimination is potent fact among adults and children. The male child is valued much more than the female child as he is assumed to constitute an extra hand to bring some income to the family. But a girl is considered to be a liability as she has to leave the family at great expense of dowry. The economic value of male child is future enhanced, where social and cultural taboos restrict women from participating in paid work or family occupational work. The preference for boys results in their better feeding situation of scarcity. The preferential feeding causes nutritional deficiencies in girls resulting in their poor health, which may precipitate a vicious circle of poverty and disease through their weak off-springs. Higher female literacy is associated with lower infant mortality, better family nutrition, reduced fertility and lower population growth rate.

Micro-nutrient deficiencies are to be avoided as they are associated with stunted growth, mental retardation and disabilities among children. In adults, they cause higher incidences of diseases, worsen work capacity and work output. Failure to educate women about nutrition is a major reason of failure of diet fortification programmes in developing countries.

Maternal education helps to improve child health by generating a host of health related effects. Better educated girls often marry at older ages and may space their children and have smaller families. The stronger prospects for wage employment of better educated mothers also lead to higher family income and more effective use of health services.

3. Women’s work Participation - The Contributing Factors

The evolution of women’s employment has become prominent as a result of industrialization and world wars of twentieth century. Many nations are compelled to keep women in their jobs to maintain the economy disturbed by reduction of male population. Increasing industrialization of society with its accent on the expansion of the service sector, has made the introduction of women into it not only desirable but necessary. To-day, women are the integral part of new econimic order and important part of its manpower resources. Female literacy yields higher multiplier effect on the human development. It plays strategic role in self-emancipation, self-development and social development in the environment of our country. Women’s educational level is a very strong determinant of her labour force participation.

Female education may reduce women’s work by making them reluctant to work in



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However, female participation in work has increased the number of female headed households and women’s earnings. have a slightly equalizing effect on the annual familiy earnings lower the socio-economic level of the family, greater is the proportion of total income contributed by women.

In rural sectors, women are engaged in primary (agricultural operations, rearing of livestock, collection of firewood etc.), secondary (petty trading, street vending, craft work etc.) and tertiary (teaching, nursing etc.) activities women worksrs in Primary and Secondary activities are mostly with primary level of education, whereas those in tertiary activities have at least secondary level education, It also seen that the middle aged women are more keen to work and earn more wages as they have to shoulder responsibilities of educating their children and making arrnagements for daughter’s marriage. But the young women earn comparatively less wages as they prefer leisure to work. In rural areas, women in the secondary and tertiary sectors earn more than those engaged in primary activities. It is also observed that women’s work earings are esential to improve the standard of living in rural households. the major problem confronting women workers is their dependence on others to justify their twin roles as a housewife and bread winner. They work and earn at the cost of their own leisure time and health. For a rational distribution of women’s labour in economic activities, it is desirable to impart training to women in high income giving activities.

In urban sector, majority of women are engaged in informal activities under most oppressive working and living conditions with no legal protection. It is the reservoir of unemployment and is the survival sector of the urban economy. Large scale women’s employment prevails in trade and business and in service activities.

Employing servant maids is a characteristic feature of the upper middle class wives and working women. Due to urbanization, a large number of women who are insecure, illetrate prefer to work as maid servants. Women take up this work even an early age of 12 yrs and continue even after the age of 60 years. Women are attracted to this job with the hope of getting new clothes during a festival and food during their working hours.

Self-employed women workers in street vending and petty trading activities need capital investment, however meager it may be. These investments have definite positive impact on their earnings as this will enhance the family income and improves their living conditions. But the unpredictable behaviour of trade practices does not provide to all of them the pride of self employment. Women are to be made aware of their exploitation and are required to be educated to increase their productivity and to improve income earning capacity.

Human development and poverty alleviation have always been development goals in the eyes of policy makers and planners. Their methods, however, have varied and ranged from government intervention to market solutions. Market oriented policies are needed to support growth together with well targeted social programmes especially to improve women’s work participation.

References

1. Kalpana Dasgupta, 1976, women on the Indian Scene, Abhinav Publications, Delhi.

2. Harshida Pandit, 1985, Women of India; An Annotated Bibliography, Garland, Newyork.

3. B.R. Nanda, 1976, (Ed), Indian Women from Purdah to Modernity, Vikas Publishing, New Delhi.

4. Geraldine Forbes, 1999, Women in Modern India, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.

5. Nirmada Sharma, 2006, Women and education, Issues and approaches, Alpha Publications, New Delhi.



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DMV Journal


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PbŸa kNŸb ‡bC*, B–˝>b™bŸ, ¿Db™bŸ •Tb •TbŸL ÓDN˜‡ •TÚ ‡á ¿ßbD»b º G•T ÎbC ¿±DC •TbC ~ŸaŸ, „Eæ‡, ÓD PÓΩ •TŸ

¶P•TÚ »N<˜^>, ¶P•TÚ »…˜Lb •TÚ ±Ø<»∂ •CT <Jy •Tb‡∂ •TŸ»b Ÿ´»b ´º $ PÓh» ≥J» •TbÓ Pa ≥J» ¿ÎµbŸLb •CT •TbŸL

P±b<£» ´bC»b ´º $ PÓh» Ÿb≥-ÙC·, JbJ™-ÓbC´, hÎ‡•TbC ~ŸaŸ PÓΩDC •CT •TbŸL á ´º $ ™ØHG•T ´ÓbŸa ±–œ‡C•T G•–T‡b

PÓbÆ •TbC ±–Bb<Î» •TŸ»a º, ¿»# ‡<£ Ÿ —‡<IT hÎ‡•TbC ~ŸaŸ, „Eæ‡, ÓD PÓΩ•TŸ ¶P•TÚ »…<Ì» •CT <Jy •Tb‡∂ •TŸDC

J≥C≥b »bC <D„A™» iT± PC PÓbÆ ÓC* ¿ŸbÆ•T»b, ÎºÓDh‡»b ¿b Æb‡C≥a ÆbC PÓh» PbÓb<Æ•T PÓŸP»b •TbC, PbÓÆh‡

•TbC D˝> •TŸ £C≥a $ ¿»# µÓ∂ •TÚ ∂AÎŸbDNBØ<» •CT iT± ÓC* ¿ÎµbŸLb •TŸ•CT PbÓb<Æ•T PÓŸP»b •TbC hÒb<±» •TŸDC •Tb ±–‡bP

G•T‡b ≥‡b $ ‡´ y•T yCPb ±–‡bP ´º ÆbC ÓDN˜‡ •TbC ~bŸaGŸ•T, ÓbD<P•T £bCDbC* h»ŸbC* ±Ÿ JbBb„EÎ» •TŸDC •CT PbÒ-PbÒ

PÓbÆ •TbC Ba JbBb„EÎ» •TŸ»b s‡bC*G•T ÆbC <Î™bŸ, µÓ∂ ÓDN˜‡ •CT <Jy •Te‡bL•TbŸa º Î´ PÓbÆ •CT <Jy Ba º $

PBa µÓ∂ Î µb<Ó∂•T ÓØe‡bC* •TÚ hÒb±Db PbÓb<Æ•T ¿bÎA‡•T»b¿bC* •TÚ ±Ø<»∂ •CT <Jy ´È¿b $ PbÓb<Æ•T

¿bÎA‡•T»byH £bC ±–•TbŸ •TÚ bC»a º* - ë. ~bAÎ», í. [<L•T $ ~bAÎ» ¿bÎA‡•T»byH ÎbC ¿bÎA‡•T»byH º* ÆbC Ÿ •TbJ ÓC*,

´Ó PÓbÆ ÓC* ´Ÿ ÓDN˜‡ •TÚ ¿bÎA‡•T»byH Ÿá ´º* ¿bºŸ [<L•T ¿bÎA‡•T»byH ÎbC ¿bÎA‡•T»byH ´º* ÆbC PÓ‡ <Î~C· •CT

¿DNPbŸ ¶œ±¤ bC»a º* ¿bºŸ •NTn> PÓ‡ kb£ PÓbÌ» bC Æb»a º* $ D PbÓb<Æ•T ¿bÎA‡•T»b¿bC* •TÚ ±Ø<»∂ •CT <Jy µÓ∂ ÓC* Ba

£bC ±–•TbŸ •CT ÓØe‡ º* - ë. ~bAÎ», í. [<L•T $ ~bAÎ» µb<Ó∂•T ÓØe‡ ÎbC ÓØe‡ º* ÆbC Ÿ •TbJ ÓC*, Ÿ PÓbÆ ÓC*, Ÿ —‡<IT

•CT <Jy ¿bÎA‡•T Î ¶±‡bC≥a º* $ Pa<Jy ‡C ~bAÎ» ÓØe‡ ÓC* Ÿ µÓ∂ ÓC* y•T ÆºPC a <ÓJ»C º*, ÆºPC ±–CÓ, Pœ‡, ¿<´Pb,

¿h»C‡, ¿±GŸ≥–´ ¿b<£ $ ‡C ~bAÎ» ÓØe‡ ±–b™aD •TbJ ÓC*, ±–b™aD PÓbÆ ÓC* <Æ»Db ¿±GŸ´b‡∂ Òb, ¶»Db a ¿bÆ Ba º,

¶»Db a B<Î˜‡ ÓC* Ba bC≥b $ •Te±Db •TŸC* ‡<£ PÓbÆ ÓC* Ÿ —‡<IT, Ÿ PÓ‡ ΩØq> kbCJC, »bC s‡b bC≥b ? ‡<£ PÓbÆ ÓC* Ÿ



DMV Journal


DMV Journal


—‡<IT ´Ÿ PÓ‡ <´Pb •TŸC »bC s‡b ´bC≥b ? ‡<£ ´Ÿ —‡<IT, ´Ÿ PÓ‡ ™bCŸa •TŸC, »bC s‡b ´bC≥b ? yCPC ÓC*, <D„A™» iT± PC,

•TbC ∂ Ba PÓbÆ Dá* ™J ±b‡C≥b $ D •CTÎJ PÓbÆ ÎŸDË •TbC ∂ Ba —‡<IT ¿±Db y•T <£D •Tb ÆaÎD Ba PN™biT iT± PC Dá* Æa

±b‡C≥b $ Pa<Jy D ÓØe‡bC* •TbC ~bAÎ» ÓØe‡ ÓbDb ≥‡b - Ÿ —‡<IT, Ó PÓbÆ •CT ÙbŸb Ÿ •TbJ ÓC* $

G•TE»N P•CT ¿<»GŸIT •NTn> [<L•T µb<Ó∂•T ÓØe‡ Ba º* ÆbC —‡<IT Î PÓbÆ •TÚ [<L•T, PÓ‡-<Î~C· •TÚ ÓbH≥

Î ¿bÎA‡•T»b¿bC* •TÚ ±Ø<»∂ •TŸ»C º* $ <B¤-<B¤ µÓbCY •CT •TÓ∂•Tb‘> Eá* [<L•T ¿bÎA‡•T»b¿bC* •TÚ ±Ø<»∂ º* $ •NTn> µb<Ó∂•T

•Tc∂—‡ •CTÎJ [<L•T PbÓb<Æ•T ¿bÎA‡•T»b¿bC* •TÚ ±Ø<»∂ •CT <Jy a kDb‡C ≥‡C ÆºPC hJbÓ ÓC* k´È-<ÎÎb´ »Òb <É£È¿bC*

ÓC* P»a-±–Òb $ PÓbÆ ÓC* Õa-±NiT· ¿DN±b» •CT ¿P»NJD •TÚ ÎÆ´ PC ¶œ±¤ È ∂ PbÓb<Æ•T-¿b<Ò∂•T •TGq>Db ∂ •TbC £RŸ

•TŸDC •CT <Jy k´ÈÈ<ÎÎb´ •TÚ kb» •Tá ≥‡a s‡bC*G•T ¶P PÓ‡ Ó<´JbyH ¿ÒbC∂±bÆ∂D Dá* •TŸ»a Òa $ Pa ±–•TbŸ kbZ

¿b•–TÓLbC* PC hÎ‡•TÚ Ÿ[b D •TŸ ±bDC •TÚ ÎÆ´ P»aœÎ-Ÿ[b •CT <Jy P»a-±–Òb •TÚ kb» •Tá ≥‡a $ ‡C £bCDbC* á µb<Ó∂•T

ÓØe‡ ¶P PÓ‡ •TÚ PbÓb<Æ•T ¿bÎA‡•T»b¿bC* •CT ¿DNiT± <DiT<±» G•T‡C ≥‡C ÒC, G•TE»N ¿bÆ ‡C £bCDbC* a ÓØe‡ ¿±–bP<≥•T

´bC ™N•CT º* s‡bC*G•T PÓ‡ k£J ≥‡b º, PÓbÆ k£J ≥‡b º, ¿bºŸ ±GŸ<hÒ<»‡bH Ba k£J ≥‡a º* $ Pa<Jy PÓ‡-PÓ‡ ±Ÿ

D [<L•T ÓØe‡bC* •TbC k£JDC •TÚ kb» ´bC»a ´º $ D [<L•T ÓØe‡bC* •Tb <DŸE»Ÿ ±NDÓØ∂e‡b•TD ´bC»C Ÿ´Db ™b<ý $ ÆbC

±–b≥º<»´b<P•T •TbJ ‡b Ó«‡ •TbJ •CT PÓbÆ •TÚ ¿bÎA‡•T»b Ÿá ´bC≥a ÎbC <D„A™» iT± PC ¿bÆ Dá* ´bC≥a, ¿bÆ D‡a

¿bÎA‡•T»b bC≥a, B<Î˜‡ ÓC* •NTn> ¿bºŸ, D‡C iT± ÓC*, D‡a ¿bÎA‡•T»b bC≥a $ PÓ‡ •CT PbÒ PÓbÆ k£J»b º ¿bºŸ PÓbÆ

•CT PbÒ ¶P•CT [<L•T ÓØe‡ $ P<Jy ±NDÓØ∂e‡b•TD ÙbŸb ‡C [<L•T ÓØe‡ k£J»C Ÿ´DC ™b<ý $ Æk Ó yCPb Dá* •TŸ»C,

PÓ‡ •TbC Dá* ±´™bD»C, ¶P•TÚ ¿bÎA‡•T»b •TbC, PÓbÆ •TÚ ¿bÎA‡•T»b •TbC Dá* ÆbD»C, ¶P•CT ¿DNiT± DÎaD ÓØe‡bC*

•Tb <DÓb∂L Î ±NŸbDC ÓØe‡bC* •Tb ±NDÓØ∂e‡b•TD Dá* •TŸ»C »bC PÓbÆ •TÚ, ÓbDÎ •TÚ, ≥<» •TbC ¿ÎiTX •TŸ £C»C º* $ ÆºD £~∂D ÓC*

¿<´Pb •TbC <Î~C· Ó´œÎ <£‡b ≥‡b ´º ¿bºŸ y•T „Eæ‡ ÆaÎ •TbC Ba hÎa•TbŸ G•T‡b ≥‡b ´º $ y•T „Eæ‡ ÆaÎ •TÚ Ba ´œ‡b

´ÓbŸC ÙbŸb D ´bC P<Jy ÓNH´ ±Ÿ ÎÕ kbHµDb ¿bÎA‡•T ÓbDb ≥‡b $ G•TE»N ‡<£ ´Ó PØÔÓ £…<˜^> PC £C⁄C*, <Î™bŸ •TŸC* »bC

´ÓbŸa ´Ÿ G•–T‡b PC, ™JDC-<VTŸDC, ¶q>DC-kºq>DC PC ´ÆbŸbC* ÆaÎbLN, y•T „Eæ‡ ÆaÎ D˝> ´bC»C ´º* $ ‡<£ y•T Ba y•CT„Eæ‡

ÆaÎ ´ÓbŸC ÙbŸb D˝> D ´bC, ‡<£ yCPb ´Ó PbC™C* »bC y•T Ba G•–T‡b, •TbC ∂ Ba •TÓ∂ ´Ó Dá* •TŸ ±by≥C $ ´Ó kºq>C*≥C »bC ´ÆbŸbC*

ÆaÎbLN ÓŸC*≥C, Ó ™JC*≥C »bC Ba ÆbŸbC* ÆaÎbLN ÓŸC*≥C $ ¿»# P £…<˝> PC P•CT ±NDÓØ∂e‡b•TD •TÚ kb» Ó •TŸ»C º* »bC ¿bÆ •CT

±–£R<·» Îb»bÎŸL ÓC* ‡´ ¿bÎA‡•T bC»b Æb Ÿ´b º G•T Ó ÓNH´ ±Ÿ ÎÕ kbHµC* $ Îb‡N-±–£R·L »Db k› ≥‡b º G•T ‡<£ Ó

ÓNH´ ±Ÿ ÎÕ Dá* kbµC*≥C »bC AÎbP •TÚ kaÓbŸa, <Æ≥Ÿ •TÚ kaÓbŸa, £Ób ¿b<£ bC Æb‡C≥b $ P ±–•TbŸ ÓØe‡bC* •CT ±NDÓØ∂e‡b•TD

PC, PÓ‡ •CT PbÒ D ÓØe‡bC* •TÚ PbÒ∂•T»b Ba <PX bC»a º ¿bºŸ D•CT ±GŸ±bJD ÓC* £…›»b Ba ¿b»a º $

µb<Ó∂•T ÓØe‡bC* ÓC* ™ØHG•T £bC ±–•TbŸ •CT ÓØe‡ bC»C º* - ë. ~bAÎ», í. [<L•T $ ¿»# ¶±ŸbCIT <ÎÎC™Db PC Ó ‡´

h±˝> iT± PC •T´ P•T»C ´º* G•T Æ´bH »•T ı<›Îb<£»b Î •Tu>Ÿ»b •Tb ±–AD ´º, ‡´ •CTÎJ [<L•T ÓØe‡bC* •CT P£B∂ ÓC* á

´b<D•TbŸ•T ´º, ~bAÎ» ÓØe‡bC* •CT P£B∂ ÓC* Dá* $ ÆºPC ‡<£ ¿bÆ PBa k´È<ÎÎb´ ‡b P»a±–Òb •Tb •Tu>Ÿ»b PC ±bJD •TŸDC

J≥C* »bC •Te±Db •TÚ<Æy PÓbÆ •Tb s‡b ´bJ ´bC≥b ? Pa ±–•TbŸ ‡<£ G•TPa •Tb £Ó flN^> Ÿ´b ´º ‡b AÎbP •TÚ »•TJaVT ´bC

Ÿá ´º ‡b ¥£‡ ŸbC≥ ´º, ¶Ps ÓNH´ ±Ÿ ÆkŸ£h»a ÎÕ kbHµ <£‡b Æb‡ »bC s‡b ´bC≥b ? <D„A™» iT± PC ´Ÿ µÓ∂ •CT [<L•T

ÓØe‡ •Tu>Ÿ»b±ØÎ∂•T ¿±DbDC •CT <Jy Dá* ´º* $ •Tu>Ÿ»b±ØÎ∂•T ±bJD •TŸDC ±Ÿ ‡C ÓØe‡ ÓDN˜‡ •Tb •Te‡bL Î Ó≥J •TŸDC •CT

kÆb‡ ¿Ó≥J Î ¿•Te‡bL •TŸC≥b $ ±NDÓØ∂e‡b•TD •CT ¿BbÎ ÓC* ÓØe‡ q>´ŸC Èy ±bDa •TÚ »Ÿ´ £R<·» bC Æb»C º* $ DÓC* <DŸ»Ÿ

±–Îb´ Î ~NX»b •CT <Jy ±NDÓØ∂e‡b•TD ¿bÎA‡•T º $

G•TE»N •Tu>Ÿ»bÎb£ hÒb‡a ÓØe‡bC* •CT ±GŸ±bJD Î P£B∂ ÓC* b<D•TbŸ•T Dá* º* ÎŸD •Te‡bL•TbŸa, <´»•TbŸa º*,

ÓDN˜‡ Î PÓbÆ £bCDbC* •CT <Jy $ P•Tb ÆaÎ» ¶£b´ŸL Ó´bœÓb ≥bHµa Æa •Tb ÆaÎD ´º $ ¶E´bC*DC Pœ‡ •TbC k˘a •Tu>Ÿ»b PC

¿±DC ÆaÎD ÓC* ¶»bŸb, PPC D •CTÎJ ÎC hÎ‡Ó´bDË kDC ÎŸDË ±ØŸC £C~ •Tb ¶XbŸ È¿b, ±ØŸC £C~ •TbC £bP»b PC ÓN<IT <ÓJa $

¿≥–CÆbC* •TÚ ~<IT ¶D•TÚ Pœ‡ •TÚ ~<IT •CT ¿b≥C •TÓÆbCŸ ±˘ ≥‡a $ Pa ±–•TbŸ ¿<´Pb •TbC Ba ¶E´bC*DC ¿±DC ÆaÎD ÓC* £…›»b

PC ¿±Db‡b $ ™bºŸa-™bºŸb •Tb‘> •CT kb£ ""BbŸ» n>bC˘bC ¿b£bCJD'' ¶D•Tb Îb±P JCDb, P•Tb ¢ÎJ» ¶£b´ŸL º $ ‡C Pk

ÓØe‡bC* •CT ±–<» ¶D•TÚ •Tu>Ÿ»b á Òa <ÆPDC ¶EĆ* »Db Ó´bDË kDb‡b G•T Ó´bD Îºßb<D•T ¿b h^>aD •TbC •T´Db ±˘b G•T

¿bDC ÎbJC Î·bCY ÓC* JbC≥ ‡´ ÓN<A•TJ PC ÓbDC*≥C G•T b˘-ÓbP •Tb yCPb ±N»Jb Ba P £È<D‡b ÓC* Òb $

Îbh»Î ÓC* ‡C ~bAÎ» ÓØe‡ PbÓb<Æ•T PÓŸP»b •CT a ÓØJÓ_ º* $ ‡C ~bAÎ» ÓØe‡ a P<Jy º* s‡bC*G•T ‡´ Ÿ

‡N≥ ÓC* Ÿ PÓbÆ ÓC* PÓŸP»b hÒbG±» •TŸ»C º* $ D•CT ±bJD PC •TBa ±Ÿh±Ÿ Pfl·∂ Dá* bC»b $ ‡<£ Pk JbC≥ Pœ‡ kbCJDC

J≥C* »bC G•TPa •TbC •TbC ∂ •T˝> Dá* bC≥b ±Ÿ»N ‡<£ Pk ΩØq> kbCJDC J≥C* »bC Pk•TbC •T˝> a •T˜^> bC≥b $ PÓbÆ ÓC* •TbC ∂ —‡ÎhÒb,

•TbC ∂ PÓŸP»b Dá* ´bC≥a $ y•T n>bC^>b Pb ¿b‡bCÆD Ba PBÎ Dá* ´bC≥b $ Pa »Ÿ´ ‡<£ Pk JbC≥ ±–CÓ •Tb ±bJD •TŸC* »bC

PÓbÆ ÓC* •TbC ∂ ∂˜‡b∂-ÙC·, Pfl·∂ Dá* bC≥b ±Ÿ»N ‡<£ Pk fl…Lb •TŸDC J≥C »bC PÓbÆ »bC n>bC<˘‡C, —‡<IT •Tb ¿±Db ÆaÎD,

±GŸÎbŸ •Tb ÆaÎD •ºTPb bC Æb‡C≥b ? ±GŸÎbŸ ÓC* Pk JbC≥ ÓC~b ±Ÿh±Ÿ fl…Lb •TŸC* »bC ±GŸÎbŸ ÓC* •TbC ∂ •ºTPC Ÿ´ ±b‡C≥b ? fl…Lb

•CT •Te±Db Ób_ PC Æk •T˜^> bCDC J≥»b º »bC ±ØŸb ÆaÎD P BbÎ •CT PbÒ •ºTPC <Æ‡b Æb P•T»b º ? Pa ±–•TbŸ ¿<´Pb •Tb

±bJD Pk•CT ÙbŸb G•T‡C ÆbDC ±Ÿ PÓbÆ ÓC* •TbC ∂ Pfl·∂ Dá* bC≥b G•TE»N ‡<£ Pk JbC≥ <´Pb •Tb ±bJD •TŸDC J≥C* »bC PÓbÆ

ÓC* ´ÓC~b J˘b ∂-Ω≥˘b, ⁄ØD-⁄Ÿbkb á ´bC»b ŸĆ≥b $ k˘C PC k˘b <´P•T ¿b»•TÎb£a Ba ÆvÓa ´bCDC ±Ÿ ™b´»b ´º G•T

JbC≥ ±–CÓ±ØÎ∂•T, hDC´±ØÎ∂•T ¶P•TÚ £C⁄BbJ •TŸC* $ Î´ •TBa Dá* ™bĆ≥b G•T ¶P•CT PbÒ <´Pb •TÚ Æb‡ $ Pa ±–•TbŸ,

¿h»C‡, ™bCŸa D •TŸDC PC Ba PÓbÆ ÓC* PÓŸP»b hÒbG±» ´bC»a ´º $ ‡<£ Pk JbC≥ ´ÓC~b ™bCŸa •TŸDC J≥C* »bC PÓbÆ ÓC*

B≥£˘ Ó™ Æb‡C≥a $ Ÿ ÎIT JbC≥ £bº˘»C-Bb≥»C a DÆŸ ¿b‡C*≥C $ Pa ±–•TbŸ ¿±GŸ≥–´, ¿bÎA‡•T»b PC ¿<µ•T P≥–´ D

•TŸDb, PbÓb<Æ•T PÓŸP»b •Tb PÎ∂gC˜q> ÓØe‡ º $ ¿b<Ò∂•T PÓbD»b hÒbG±» •TŸ•CT PbÓb<Æ•T PÓbD»b ÙbŸb PbÓb<Æ•T

PÓŸP»b •Tb ‡´ PÎbC∂cÓ ±–‡bP ´º $ D ~bAÎ» ÓØe‡bC* •TÚ y•T ¿bºŸ <Î~C·»b ´º $ ‡<£ y•T ÓØe‡ (µÓ∂) •Tb ±bJD ´Ó

•Tu>Ÿ»b PC •TŸ»C º* »bC kb•TÚ ~bAÎ» ÓØe‡ Ba ¶P•CT PbÒ ÓbŸC ÆaÎD ÓC* hÎ»# ¿b Æb»C º* $ y•T ÓØe‡, Pœ‡ •Tb •Tu>Ÿ»b PC

±bJD •TŸDC ±Ÿ ≥bHµaÆa •CT ÆaÎD ÓC* kb•TÚ ÓØe‡ ‡Òb, ±–CÓ, ¿<´Pb, ¿h»C‡, ¿±GŸ≥–´, D Pk•Tb PÓbÎC~ hÎ»# bC ≥‡b

Òb $

¿k ‡<£ ´Ó µÓ∂ •TbC ¶P•CT <Î~NX iT± ∂AÎŸbDNBØ<» •CT iT± ÓC* JC»C ´º* »bC Ba ´ÓC* ‡´ ¿ÎA‡ «‡bD Ÿ⁄Db

™b<ý G•T ÓDN˜‡ ±ØL∂ Dá* º, PÎ∂ß Dá* º $ q>a•T º, ÓDN˜‡ •TbC ∂AÎŸbDNBØ<», ¿bœÓPb[bœ•TbŸ È¿b, ±Ÿ»N P•Tb ÎL∂D

Æk Ba Î´ •TŸC≥b, P±ØL∂ Dá* bC≥b, ¿±ØL∂ bC≥b $ Î´ ¿±Da kN<X, ¿±Da ÎbLa PC a »bC P•Tb ÎL∂D •TŸC≥b ¿bºŸ ‡C £bCDbC*



DMV Journal


DMV Journal


á ¿±ØL∂ º* $ ±ØL∂ •TÚ ¿DNBØ<» ÎL∂D ÓC* ¿±ØL∂ a bC≥a $ <VTŸ Æk y•T —‡<IT PC £RPŸC —‡<IT »•T P•Tb h»b»ŸL bC≥b »k

Ba Î´ ¿±DC ÓØJ hÎiT± ÓC* Dá* ŸĆ≥b, •NTn> »bC ±GŸÎ»∂D bC≥b a bC≥b $ PbÓbE‡ ÆaÎD ÓC* Ba Æk •TbC ∂ kb» y•T —‡<IT PC

£RPŸC —‡<IT »•T ±´ÈH™»a º »bC kb» k£J Æb»a º $ ‡<£ k´È» PbŸC JbC≥bC* »•T kb» ±´ÈH™»a º »bC ¶P•Tb k£JbÎ ¿bºŸ bC»b

´º, ¿k ‡<£ PÓC* PÓ‡ •Tb Ba PÓbÎC~ •TŸ JC* »bC kb» s‡b PC s‡b bC Æb»a º, ¶P•Tb ÓØJ hÎiT± a <ÎJNÌ» bC Æb»b º $

™ØHG•T ÓDN˜‡ ±ØL∂, PÎ∂ß Dá*, ¿»# ¶P•CT ÙbŸb ∂AÎŸbDNBØ<» bCDC ±Ÿ Ba ¶P•CT ÙbŸb <Dı<±» µÓbCY ÓC* <DŸ»Ÿ ±GŸÓbÆ∂D Î

<Îh»bŸ •TÚ PBbÎDb ´ÓC~b <ÎÀÓbD Ÿ´Db ™b<ý »Ba PBa µÓ∂ PbÓb<Æ•T PÓŸP»b •CT ¿±DC ¶cŸ£b<‡œÎ •Tb ±ØL∂

<DÎ∂´D •TŸ ±b‡C*≥C, »Ba ÓbDÎ Î PÓbÆ •Tb ±ØL∂ •Te‡bL bC ±b‡C≥b $

Intercultural Competence:

The Burden of Dual Authenticity

in Amy Tan's The Joy Luck Club

Dr. Protibha Mukherjee Sahukar

It was not until the year 1989 that The Joy Luck Club, the debut novel by Amy Tan a

Chinese American woman, was able to break into mainstream American literature. Through its

new style of writing techniques which focused both on the unconventional structure and

Chinese story telling style, the novel became a portrayal of both Chinese sensibilities and

American candor. The combination of up-beat American expediency and Chinese exoticism,

and Tan's winning blend of sentimentality and spiritualism, has made her novel something to

reckon with.

Many Chinese American (Asian American) women writers choose to confront their

dual minority status through their writing or in their identities as writers. The question arises do

they have a responsibility to emphasize the special issues and prejudices they might face? Or

should they demand to be read like any other author, without laboring to express these aspects

of their personal lives? Should they write more universally, treating human themes that do not

depend primarily on the accidental qualities of race and gender or on their other personal

qualities? Harold Bloom puts the identity issue thus “Is Emily Dickinson to be read as though

she has more in common with Elizabeth Barrett Browning than with Ralph Waldo

Emerson?”(Asian American Women Writers 29) Even though the high-profile critics have

proclaimed that we are living in an enlightenment period for Asian American literature, this

issue concerning woman's life and cultural beliefs seems pertinent. Tan has embraced all

these questions and focused on prejudice against women and Asians as well as on crises of

cultural identity. She seems to acknowledge that in her social context, an important duty of a

writer is to address topics of culture and prejudice. To ignore these topics would be to do herself

and her heritage a disservice. Wendy Ho in In Her Mother's House: The Politics of Asian

American Mother-Daughter Writing, argues that by creating specific images of Asian American

women as mothers, daughters, wives, concubines, victims, heroes, and so on, writers can



Associate Professor of English, Durga College, Raipur (C.G.)

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redefine what an Asian American woman can seem to be.

Tan's style of writing became an artistic response to the literary change of the period in

which she grew up. Being raised during the period where social changes were immense, her

style of writing was influenced by the social context of Asian American women during the political

movement of post WWII. A writer's cultural environment plays a crucial role in her(is) writing. This

novel too has its roots in Tan's own incredible life story. As she was raised in a Chinese household

and schooled in an American environment, the social differences were quite extreme for her.

Tan's life was faced with conflict, both cultural and familial. Being Chinese American means

straddling both worlds and trying to do a balancing act of having one foot in one world and the

other foot in the other. Tan etches a new genre of fiction out of the awareness of being caught

between countries and cultures. She challenges the conventional ideas of a singular, pure, and

fixed identity and tries to create Chinese American identity in the post-1965 era as multiple,

hybrid, and constantly changing to accommodate to an open, diverse, and multicultural America.

By describing both the conflicts and connections between the Chinese mothers and their

American born daughters in The Joy Luck Club, Tan represents a group of Chinese American

woman who transcends her cultural, generational, and linguistic differences to achieve an

identity that connects the West with the East.

The issue of ethnicity is central to the novel in that it has the immigrant society as a

starting point. The thematic thrust of the novel is culture, the assimilation and interaction and at

times head-on collision between American and Chinese values, inter-personal relationships,

even the basic table manners. The exploration of the myth of the American melting pot renders

The Joy Luck Club appropriate to tell cultural stories in humanistic terms. It is an excellent

springboard to demystify the fact that America is (?) a melting pot, and what happens in

assimilation is that one ends up consciously choosing the American things like hot dogs and

apple pie and ignoring one's own cultural heritage.

Culture is a distinguishing feature of any nation. It can be defined as a total way of life

which is formed by one's past, family, where one lives, the language one speaks, the way one

celebrates stages of life and the impact of one's socio-economic position. Race, ethnicity, class,

and gender derive their meanings from the culture as they are its creations. It is perhaps not

wrong to say that the novel deals with the struggles in the “between worlds” situation, to borrow

Amy Ling's term. For scores of people, life is a string of dualities - two selves, two cultures, two

voices- where one finds oneself sandwiched between the traditional culture of one's own native

land and the modern culture in which one have chosen to live or have been born. Living between

the “two worlds” of traditional and western values, the cultural belief systems can sometimes

have profound psychological effects on a person's sense of belonging and rootedness. It

becomes an existential crisis where one no longer feels sure about one's identity. This brings

about internal psychological conflict in terms of identity, and many find themselves 'between

cultures'. In such a cultural milieu people, especially the hyphenated people like Indian

American, African American, and Chinese American make choices of living building dreams

and undergoing painful realization of existence of their past, their roots and their culture.

The novel renders the vulnerability of Chinese women in America and effectively

manifest not merely the individual tragedies of those caught up in the immigration to America,

but also conveys the apprehension of a vulnerable human consciousness wounded and

ruptured in a culture's mutation. The separate narratives set the plot in motion. It highlights the

conflict of the characters and provides each character with a voice to tell her own life story. This

technique is different from the conventional form of mainstream American literature. It helps Tan

to solve a fundamental problem for a Chinese American woman by being simultaneously an

insider who identifies strongly with her cultural group and an outsider who is a rebel against that

tradition, who figures out from which perspective to speak. The novel is divided into sixteen

chapters and four sections and is a remarkable collection of vignettes told in the first person by

each character. There are eight protagonists in the novel: four daughters and four mothers. Out

of the eight women- four are born in China and their four daughters are born in American. The

mothers, Suyuan Woo, An-mei Hsu, Lindo Jong and Ying-ying St. Clair, are the cultural aliens in

their new world. On the contrary, Jing-mei “June” Woo, Rose Hsu Jordan, Waverly Jong and

Lena St. Clair, their daughters, are very American in their temperament. Each person's story

reveals how her past relentlessly acts upon the present, changing her perception and cultural

sensibility. The position of women in the Chinese culture influences the perception of female

identity by the mothers and this clash with the view of the daughters, who have been raised in a

double culture. The generational communication breakdown is escalated with the problem of

cultural differences between the mothers governed by collectivistic culture value tendencies

and their daughters governed with individualistic culture value tendencies.

The four mothers have had painful pasts; some of these are dark secrets, which they

struggled to come to terms with. Suyuan, June's deceased mother went through life feeling

guilty for abandoning her twin daughters on the roadside in China during World War II. Lindo,

Weaverly's mother was “given up” by her mother to be married at a tender age of 15 to a young

boy. Ying Ying, Lena's mother, married a westernized Chinese Romeo and ended up aborting

her son to retaliate against her husband's cruelty towards her. An-mei, Rose's mother, “lost” her

mother (Rose's grandmother) to a rich man when she became his fourth concubine.



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Another significant aspect of the novel is the Chinese belief in ancestral worship and

filial piety. Their worldview is one, which advocates that the spirit from their ancestors will be

transported from one generation to another. This is why, for example, An-mei's mother chose the

date of committing suicide with an opium overdose to give An-mei some spirit. Unfortunately, just

like her grandmother before her death, Rose, (An-mei's daughter) became submissive after her

marriage. An-mei, determined to correct this problem in her daughter recounted the story of her

mother's sacrifice and insisted that she reasserts herself before it's too late. Sure enough, upon

hearing the story Rose rejuvenated her dwindling spirits. She said to her husband, “you don't

know who I am. I died 60 years ago. I ate opium.” Lena's spirit is also described as being linked to

her elders. She has been described as having “no spirit,” because her mother had none to give

her. Her mother, Ying Ying had lost her spirit ever since she became haunted by the bad deed of

killing her baby. But when Ying Ying realizes that her daughter was living in a house that would

literally and figuratively “break into pieces” from the design that does not have its Feng Shui for

the former, and the incompatible relationship, for the latter, she decided to rejuvenate her spirits

to give it to her daughter. That resulted in Lena leaving her husband and eventually finding a

more compatible mate. Waverly also comments that when she was young and rebellious, she

could feel that the “power” she once had in playing chess was as if being drained away when she

unsettled her mother. In another scene, when she is already a grown woman, in tears Weaverly

tells her mother how she had always had such “power” over her. So even though the four

mothers are now Christians they still hold on strongly to some Chinese belief. And to a certain

extent, this belief system is appropriated into the next generation. Perhaps this Chinese belief

that their ancestors' spirits is omnipresent and transcends the generation explains why when

June sets her eyes on her half sisters in China, one of them at first glance, embodied the image of

their mother. As the daughters and mothers came to terms with their unresolved past or present

they all came out triumphant and began to understand each other more, in the conflict resolution

tradition of “opening” and “uniting”. For instance, June had said that there were many things she

didn't understand about her mother but the one she never forgave was when her mother

abandoned the twins in China. As the story unfolds, she finally came to an understanding of the

rationale behind her mother's actions and managed to resolve the puzzlement she has had all

these while. She finally felt she had done something for her mother when she went to China. So,

life goes on for the four daughters living in America with somewhat watered-down Confucian

values while the older generation hangs on to whatever they have left of China like the weekly

playing of mahjong (Mahjong is the Chinese equivalent to poker). Tan's unique achievement lies

not her ability to show how mothers and daughters hurt each other, but how they love and

ultimately forgive each other. Her characters' progress slowly from confusion to understanding

and she gives no easy revelations but fragile moments of insight and longing. Orville Schell puts

it very succiently, “In the hands of a less talented writer such thematic material might easily have

become overly didactic, and the characters might have seemed like cutouts from a Chinese

American knockoff of Roots. But in the hands of Amy Tan, who has a wonderful eye for what is

telling, a fine ear for dialogue, a deep empathy for her subject matter and a guilelessly

straightforward way of writing, they sing with a rare fidelity and beauty. She has written a jewel of

a book”. (Your Mother Is In Your Bones 28)

Understanding cultural differences is no doubt fascinating and challenging. Some

differences are easy to comprehend. For instance, the stress on individualism in the United

States compared to the group and family orientation reflected in Asian countries. This cultural

difference, if not well understood, can cause many unnecessary cross-cultural communication

problems. The cultural maze is not straight forward and one way of understanding the

intercultural difference is to go beyond the words and look at communication in these cultures.

Edward Hall, a well-known American anthropologist, introduced the concept of low-context and

high-context cultures. Chinese culture can be classified as a high-context culture and American

culture as a low-context culture. The difficulties of growing up in a family from a high-context

culture and living in a low-context culture are a common trope in Asian American women writers.

The low-context cultural rules can't be applied to a high-context society. A high-context

culture is a way of life in which the individual has internalized meaning and information, so that

little is explicitly stated in written or spoken messages. In conversation, the listener knows what

is meant; because the speaker and listener share the same knowledge and assumptions, the

listener can piece together the speaker's meaning. Chinese society is a high-context culture. A

low-context culture is one in which information and meanings are explicitly stated in the

message or communication. People primarily rely on spoken words and written communication

for gathering information and clues to behavior. Individuals in a low-context culture expect

explanations when statements or situations are unclear, as they often are. Information and

meaning are not internalized by the individual but are derived from context, e.g., from the

situation or an event. The mainstream American culture is a low-context culture.

In a high-context culture, nonverbal signals, family status, age differences, social setting

and other such factors carry a lot more meaning. The individual obtains cultural information and

meaning from deference to authority, through observation and by imitation. Children have to be

carefully taught to acquire knowledge in this way and to internalize it. High-context cultures are

highly stable and slow to change, for they are rooted in the past. For example the Chinese



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practice of ancestor worship. They are also unified and organized cultures. In such cultures, the

individual must know what is meant at the unexpressed level; the individual is supposed to know

and to react appropriately. Things are expected to be understood without explanation or specific

details. Explanations are thought to be insulting, because the speaker regards the listener as

not knowledgeable or socialized enough to understand.

The attachments among people are very strong in a high-context culture. People in

authoritive position are personally and literally responsible for the actions of their subordinates

everywhere from government, to business, to family. In a high-context culture, the forms

(conventional ways of behaving) are important; the individual who does not observe the forms is

perceived negatively and the negative judgments for an individual's bad behavior may extend to

the entire family.

In uncomfortable or embarrassed situations, people act as though nothing happened.

Individuality, minor disagreements, and personality clashes are ignored, so that no action has to

be taken. Taking action means it has to be taken seriously, because once in progress an action

ought to be completed. Individuals can't stop an action because they change their minds,

because they develop another interest, because unforeseen consequences arise, or because

something better comes along. Consequently there is greater caution or even reluctance to

initiate an undertaking or to give a promise. For instance Chinese parents possibly will overlook

a child's behavior, because they expect that the strong family tradition, which is based on

ancestors, will cause the child ultimately to behave properly.

In a low-context culture, most of the information must be in the transmitted message in

order to make up for what is missing in both internal and external the context. In a low-context

culture change is rapid and easy; tie between people are looser; action is undertaken

effortlessly and can be changed or blocked once initiated. Low-context cultures stress clarity,

and favor a straight and to-the-point communication style. The strong tendency is to avoid any

ambiguity and uncertainty. Linear, logical and rational ways of communication are strongly

preferred. Emotions and feelings are downplayed, where objectivity is over subscribed.

The mothers in The Joy Luck Club expect their daughters to obey their elders and so

learn by obedience, by observation and by imitation, as they themselves did in China. Their

elders did not explain. Because the mothers internalized values and knowledge, they seem to

assume that knowledge is innate and that it is present in their daughters and only has to be

brought out or set in motion. The internalization is so psychologically complete and so much a

part of the mothers' identities that they speak of it as physical. Am-mei, for instance, sees in her

mother “my own true nature. What was beneath my skin. Inside my bones” (JLC 40); to her,

connection to her mother or filial respect is “so deep it is in your bones” (JLC 41). Unfortunately the

mothers' caution, commands, and examples are not supported by the American culture milieu

and so their daughters do not comprehend. They are offended by and misunderstand their

mothers' strange Chinese ways and beliefs. Similarly, the mothers do not understand why they do

not have the kind of relationships with their daughters that they had with their mothers in China.

The mothers were so close to their own mothers that they saw themselves as continuations of

their mothers.

The communication problems that arise when one speaker is from a high-context culture

and the other is from a low-context culture can be observed in the conversations of June and

Suyuen, “My mother and I never really understood one another. We translated each other's

meanings and I seemed to hear less than what was said, while my mother heard more” (JLC 27).

June looks for meaning in what is stated and does not understand that her mother omits important

information because she assumes her daughter knows it and can infer it; her mother, on the other

hand, looks for meaning in what has not been stated and so adds to what has been stated

explicitly and comes up with meanings that surprise her daughter.

As the mothers struggle to instill their daughters with a sense of Chinese tradition, the

daughters in their turn grapple with the need to reconcile their American lives and careers with the

impossible and incomprehensible (to them) expectations of their mothers whose values remain

rooted in China. This result in estrangement and finally silence between mothers and daughters,

make worse by an almost unbridgeable gulf between generations. The wall between the women

do not come down until the daughters learn to actually listen to their mothers' stories and begin to

come to terms with the associations between those stories and their own lives.

The final stitch to the reconciliation of conflict which brings the novel to its closure is

revealed in Jing-mei's return to China and her readiness to transfer Suyuan's stories to her sisters.

The cultural gap is bridged through Jing-mei's realization of the heritage that lies in her blood. The

moment she reaches China, she feels different and becomes aware that her mother was right,

that is “[she is] becoming Chinese.” It is the Chinese in her blood that is just “waiting to be let go”

(JLC 267). Also, the gap between Jing-mei and her mother is mended through the recognition that

the three of them, her sisters and herself altogether resemble Suyuan: “[t]ogether we look like our

mother. Her same eyes, her same mouth, open in surprise to see, at last, her long-cherished wish”

(JLC 288). Because Jing-mei is the only character which speaks for her mother, she resembles a

connection between the two groups of women. Therefore her success in recognizing her Chinese

heritage and carrying out her mother's dream symbolize the bridging between the two



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generations and cultures of the Joy Luck Club's mothers and daughters. This brings the conflict to

conciliation and the novel to its end.

The Joy Luck Club is not a novel about separation. It is actually about the empowerment

of the Chinese American daughters where the Chinese mothers attempt to empower the

American daughters with their Chinese knowledge and wisdom. What was formerly considered a

hated bondage is revealed to be a cherished bond. The novel beautifully depicts an ideal Chinese

mother who though an other strengthen her daughter's self.

Tan places emphasis on the Chinese identity as the healing factor. To achieve a balance

in the between-world condition one cannot cling solely to the new (American) ways and reject

the old (Chinese) ways. “One must reconcile the two and make one's peace with the old. If the old

ways cannot be incorporated into the new life, if they do not 'mix', then they must nonetheless be

respected and preserved in the pictures on one's walls, in the memories in one's head, in the

stories that one writes down” (Between Worlds 138).

References

Hall, Edward T. Beyond Culture. New York: Anchor/Doubleday, 1971.

Ling Amy. Between Worlds: Women Writers of Chinese Ancestry. New York: Pergamon,

1990.

Ho, Wendy. In her Mother's House: The Politics of Asian American Mother-Daughter Writing.

Walnut Creek: AltaMira Press, 1999.

Tan, Amy. The Joy Luck Club. London: Vintage Books, 1998.

Schell, Orville “Your Mother Is In Your Bones,” The New York Times Book Review (19 March

1989):28

Bloom, Harold. Ed. Asian American Women Writers. Philadelphia. Chelsea House: 1997.

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izhfe;e nj& chfer jkf'k dh rjg izhfe;e nj Hkh nks izdkj dh gksrh gS] tks pquh xbZ chfer jkf'k ds vuqlkj ykxw gksrh gSA ^lkekU; izhfe;e nj** fLFkj gksrk gS] ijUrq ^okLrfod izhfe;e nj** izfr ekSle esa cny tkrk gSA tks fdlku lkekU; chek jkf'k rd fodYi pqurs gSa] mls lkekU; nj rFkk blls vf/kd jkf'k dk pquko djrs gSa] mUgsa okLrfod nj ls izhfe;e nsuk gksrk gSA orZeku

esa /kku ¼flafpr&vflafpr½ eDdk] dksnks&dqVdh] rqvj] Tokj ds fy, chfer jkf'k 2-5%] ewaxQYyh] lks;kchu] fry gsrq 3-5% ns; gSA blh rjg jch Qly esa xsgw¡ ¼flafpr&vflafpr½ ds fy, 1-5% vkSj vylh] jkbZ&ljlksa] puk gsrq 2-00% izhfe;e fuf'pr dh xbZ gSA

kfriwfrZ & kfriwfrZ dh x.kuk Fkzs'kgksYM mit ¼fuf'pr mit½ ls okLrfod mit de vkus ij dh tkrh gSA Fkzs'kgksYM mit dk vFkZ gS] og vkSlr mit ftldh x.kuk ;kstuk ds izko/kkuksa ds vuqlkj xsgw¡ vkSj /kku ds fy, fiNys rhu o”kksZa dh vkSlr mit rFkk vU; Qlyksa ds fy, xr ik¡p o”kksZa dh vkSlr mit ds vk/kkj ij dh tkrh gSA

fuf'pr mit ¼Fkzs'kgksYM½ dh x.kuk foxr 3 o”kksZa dh okLrfod mit ds vkSlr dks kfriwfrZ Lrj ls xq.kk dj fuf'pr fd;k tkrk gSA kfriwfrZ lhek ekSle ds vuqlkj 60%] 80% ;k 90% gksrk gSA

;kstuk dh lQyrk& jk”Vªh; d`f”k chek ;kstuk dsUnz ljdkj ,oa NRrhlx<+ 'kklu dh fdlku dY;k.kdkjh ;kstuk gSA ftldk mn~ns'; O;olkf;d ykHk izkIr u dj izd`fr ij fuHkZj [ksrh esa O;kikd tksf[ke dks nwj dj vYi izhfe;e ij fdlkuksa dks vkfFkZd lqjkk nsuk gh gSA NRrhlx<+ esa fdlkuksa ds tehu dk VqdM+ksa esa gksuk] okLrfod mit dk izekf.kr fjdkMZ u gksuk tehu dh mit dk fLFkj u gksuk rFkk mit dk cktkj ewY; dk fu/kkZj.k vkfn esa dfBukbZ ds dkj.k ks= vk/kkfjr Qly chek dk;kZfUor gks jgk gSA

vUr esa ge ;g dg ldrs gSa fd jkT; ds fdlku jk”Vªh; d`f”k chek ;kstuk* ds ek/;e ls Qlyksa esa gksus okys uqdlkuksa ls cpdj vkSj vf/kdkf/kd la[;k esa ;kstuk ykHk ikus dh vksj vxzlj gSaA

lUnHkZ xzaFk %&ë. PNE£ŸÓ •CT. ±a. yÎ ıæ£c, BbŸ»a‡ ¿Ò∂—‡ÎhÒb, ±–•Tb~•T - <´ÓbJ‡ ±„mJ<P≥ b¶P <£eJa, Î·∂ íêêê $

í. <_±bq>a yÎ <_±bq>a, n>caP≥›a Î…´£ PE£B∂, ±–•Tb~•T-¶±•TbŸ ±–•Tb~D, ¿b≥Ÿb-í P~bC<µ» yÎ ±GŸÎ<X∂»

Ph•TŸL P~bCµD•T»b∂ PNEDŸÓ •NTÓbŸ $

ì. [C_a‡ •Tb‡b∂J‡ y≥–a•Te™Ÿ A‡bCŸC*P ¿bMVT <∑‘>‡b <J., ÆaÎD kaÓb Ób≥∂, ±∑‘>Ÿa, Ÿb‡±NŸ (n>.≥.)

î. ÆDP|±•∂T •Tb‡b∂J‡, Ÿb‡±NŸ (n>.≥.)

ï. Ÿb¢‡ ~bPD ÙbŸb ¿b‡bC<Æ» Ÿb¢‡bCœPÎ ÓCJb PC ±–bÌ» ÆbD•TbGŸ‡b $

ñ. £º<D•T PÓb™bŸ-±_ $



DMV Journal


DMV Journal




Hkkjr esa nqX/k Økafr ,d v/;;u

lg izk/;kid ¼okf.kT;½ nqxkZ egkfo|ky;] jk;iqj

MkW- jktsUnz 'kqDy

thou jkd ,oa thou iks"kd xq.kksa ls lEiUu nq/k izd`fr dk ,slk ojnku gS ftlesa f'k'kq vf/kdre ,d

o"kZ rd gh vius ek¡ ds nw/k ij vkfJr jgrk gSA mlds ckn mls cdjh] xk; ,oa HkSal ds nw/k dh vko';drk gksrh

gSA nw/k ds fofHkUu mi;ksxksa us blds okLrfod egRo dks c<+k fn;k gSA nw/k mRiknu dk ,d ek= L=ksr i'kq gS

vr% mRiknu gsrq i'kqikyu vfuok;Z gSA

lEiw.kZ Hkkjr esa laxfBr nqX/k mRiknu fudk;ksa dk vHkko gSA xqtjkr esa fLFkr vk.kUn ¼vkuan½ uxj

Ms;jh m|ksx us Hkkjr esa nqX/k mRiknu m|ksx dks vUrjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij igpku nsus esa lQy jgk gSA xqtjkr

lgdkjh nqX/k mRiknu la?k vewy ckaM ds uke ls nw/k ,oa nw/k ls mRikfnr eD[ku iuhj] ngh vkfn dk mRiknu

jk"Vªh; Lrj ij djrk gSA Hkkjrh; Ms;jh la?k ds vuqlkj lEiw.kZ fo'o esa dqy nq/k mRiknu dk 15 izfr'kr

mRiknu Hkkjr esa gksrk gS rFkk nw/k mRiknu ks= esa izfro"kZ 5-5 izfr'kr mRiknu esa o`f) gks jgh gSA

Hkkjr esa nqX/k mRiknu m|ksx ds fodkl ds fy, 1964&65 esa l?ku i'kq fodkl dk;ZØe pyk;k x;kA

;g dk;ZØe nqX/k mRiknu ks= ds fodkl ds fy, pyk;s tk jgs 'osr Økafr dk;ZØe ds vUrxZr 'kkfey FkkA bl

dk;ZØe ds vUrxZr i'kq ikydksa dks i'kqikyu ds vk/kqfud rduhdksa dk izf'kk.k fn;k x;k rFkk i'kqikyu dks

vk/kqfud cukus ds fy, foRrh; lgk;rk Hkh iznku fd;k x;kA 'osr Økafr dk;ZØe dks vkSj vf/kd xfr nsus ds

fy, vkijs'ku ¶yM izkjaHk fd;k x;kA vkijs'ku ¶yM dk rhu pj.k iw.kZ gks pqdk gSA 1970&81 rd bl

dk;ZØe dk izFke pj.k iw.kZ gqvkA bl vof/k esa 116-6 djksM+ :i;s ds fuos'k ls eqacbZ fnYyh] enzkl rFkk

dydRrk esa pkj enj Msfj;ksa dh LFkkiuk dh x;h rFkk 7730 xkaoksa esa rduhdh fodkl dk;ZØe pyk;k x;kA

vkijs'ku ¶yM ifj;kstuk ds frh; pj.k 1981&85 esa iw.kZ gqvk bl vof/k esa ,d jk"Vªh; nqX/k fxzM dk fuekZ.k

fd;k x;k] ftlds vUrxZr ,d djksM+ nqX/k 'kkykvksa dks miHkksDrk dsUnzksa ls tksM+k x;kA o"kZ 1985&86 esa bl

ifj;kstuk dk rhljk pj.k iw.kZ gqvk bl vof/k esa 4900 Ms;jh lg lfefr;ksa dk xBu fd;k x;kA budk

dk;Zks= ns'kHkj ds yxHkx 168 ks= jgs rFkk yxHkx 6000 d`"kd ifjokj bu lfefr;ksa ls tqM+sA o"kZ 1990 esa bl

fodkl dk;ZØe ds lqpk: :i ls pykus ds fy, Hkkjrh; Ms;jh fuxe dh LFkkiuk dh x;hA

vkijs'ku ¶yM ifj;kstuk dh iz.ksrk MkW- oxhZl dqfj;u gS mUgsa gh bl ifj;kstuk ds lapkyu rFkk

lQyrk dk Js; fn;k tkrk gSA ;g fo'o dk lcls cM+k Ms;jh fodkl dk;ZØe gSA vkt bl ;kstuk ds vUrxZr

yxHkx 90 yk[k fdlku rFkk muds ifjokj ykHkkfUor gks jgs gSA bl ifj;kstuk esa lRrj gtkj ls vf/kd

izkFkfed Ms;jh lgdkjh laLFkk;sa rFkk ,d lkSj lRrj ls vf/kd lgdkjh la?k tqM+s gq, gSA bl lfefr;ksa ls 600

ls vf/kd uxj rFkk egkuxj ykHkkfUor gks jgs gSA bl ifj;kstuk ds ifj.kke Lo:i o"kZ 2004&05 esa izfr O;fDr

nSfud [kir 232 xzke vuqekfur dh xbZ gSA

'osr Økafr ,oa vf/kdkf/kd nqX/k mRiknu dk;ZØe ¼vkWijs'ku ¶yM½ dh lQyrk dk ks= O;fDr ds

:i esa MkW- ofxZl dqfj;u ,oa laLFkk ds :i esa jk"Vªh; Ms;jh fodkl cksMZ (NDDB) dks fn;k tkrk gSA jk"Vªh;

Ms;jh fodkl cksMZ dk xBu rhu izeq[k mÌs';ksa ds fy, fd;k x;kA

1- foRrh; lqfo/kk iznku djuk

2- nqX/k mRiknu ds izorZu ds fy, vko';d iz;kl djuk

3- vU; izdkj dh lgk;rk ¼rduhdh ,oa foi.ku vkfn½ iznku djuk

mDr mÌs';ksa dks izkIr djus ds fy, lgdkfjrk ds fl)kUrksa dks viuk;k x;k ftlds fy, xqtjkr esa

fLFkr vk.kUn dks ekWMy ekuk x;kA xk¡oksa ds fodkl rFkk xk¡oksa esa jkstxkj ds volj miyC/k djkus ds fy,

1965 esa jk"Vªh; Ms;jh fodkl cksMZ dk xBu fd;k x;kA fiNys o"kksZa esa xzkeh.k ks=ksa esa nqX/k mRiknu d`f"k ds

lgk;d m|ksx ds :i esa fodflr gks jgk gS rFkk xzkeh.k ifjokj ds lnL;ksa ds vklkr Lojkstxkj miyC/k djk

jgk gSA ;s xzkeh.k lgdkjh lfefr;ksa dks nw/k cspdj nqX/k mRiknksa ds foi.ku ds dfBukb;ksa ls eqDr gks tks gS

rFkk mUgsa muds mRiknu dk Hkqxrku 'kh?kz izkIr gks tkrk gS ftlls muds vkfFkZd fLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh lq/kkj gqvk gSA

i'kq/ku la[;k ds laca/k esa Hkkjr dk fo'o esa izFke LFkku gSA fo'o esa miyC/k dqy HkSalksa dh la[;k dk

ipkl izfr'kr ls vf/kd ,oa dqy i'kq la[;k dk 1@6 Hkkx ls vf/kd i'kq Hkkjr ds ikl gSA vxLr 2004 esa Hkkjr

esa 1825 yk[k ls vf/kd xk;sa rFkk 613 yk[k ls vf/kd HkSals ikyh tk jgh FkhA HkSalksa ij j[kj[kko O;; vf/kd

gksrk gS ,oa os nw/k Hkh vf/kd nsrh gSa rFkk HkSalksa ds nqX/k mRiknksa dk ewY; Hkh vf/kd gksrk gSA xk;ksa ij j[kj[kko

O;; de gksrs gSa rFkk xk;ksa dk nqX/k mRiknu Hkh de gksrk gSA ns'k esa i'kqvksa ds ek/;e ls izfro"kZ yxHkx 663

djksM+ #i;s ds [kky] gM~Mh rFkk lhax vkSj 99 djksM+ #i;s dk ek¡l miyC/k gksrk gSA bl izdkj bl m|ksx ls

ns'k dks yxHkx izfro"kZ yxHkx 36 vjc #i;s dh vk; gksrh gSA 'osr Økafr rFkk vkWijs'ku ¶yM ifj;kstukvksa

ds ifj.kke Lo:i Hkkjr fo'o esa nqX/k mRiknu esa izFke LFkku izkIr dj fy;k gSA

vk/kqfud rduhdh ds iz;ksx ds dkj.k gh ns'k esa nqX/k Økafr lQy jgk gSA i'kqvksa ds lao/kZu ds fy,

gjh ,oa 'kq"d pkjksa dh mfpr vkiwfrZ] jksx fuokj.k ds mik;ksa ,oa nqX/k forj.k ds mfpr O;oLFkk ds dkj.k ns'k esa

Ms;jh m|ksx lQy jgk gSA rFkk tula[;k esa fujarj o`f) ds ckn Hkh Hkkjr esa dqy nw/k mRikn rFkk izfr O;fDr

nw/k mRiknu esa o`f) dh izfØ;k fujUrj tkjh gSA

Hkkjr esa nqX/k mRiknu dk fooj.k rFkk okf"kZd mRiknu o`f) nj fuEu rkfydk ls Li"V gksrk gS &

DMV Journal


DMV Journal




Hkkjr esa nqX/k mRiknu dk ks=h; fooj.k

jkT; mRiknu ¼gtkj Vu esa½ okf"kZd o`f) nj ¼izfr'kr esa½

mRrj izns'k 8210 4-1

iatkc 4450 4-7

jktLFkku 4000 2-9

xqtjkr 3260 3-7

e/;izns'k 3120 6-8

rfeyukMq 3100 7-8

vka/kzizns'k 2950 6-3

gfj;k.kk 2300 4-0

ia- caxky 2700 11-3

fcgkj 2600 2-6

egkjk"Vª 2610 5-1

dukZVd 2310 7-2

dsjy 1410 10-5

vle 613 9-2

mM+hlk 334 1-00

L=ksr % m|ferk vxLr 2004 i`"B 17 o 18

mijksDr rkfydk ls Li"V gS fd ns'k esa nq/k mRiknu lokZf/kd mRrj izns'k jkT; esa gS

rFkk if'pe caxky jkT; ns'k esa lokZf/kd okf"kZd o`f) nj nqX/k mRiknu djus esa lQy jgk gS

tks Li"V djrk gS fd vkijs'ku ¶yM ns'k esa nqX/k mRiknu dh Økafr dks mfpr fn'kk nsus esa

lQy jgk gSA

LkanHkZ XkzaFk1- xqIrk jkethr & ^^i'kq/ku mRiknu ,oa izca/k** jke ifCyf'kax gkÅl

esjB 20012- ik.Ms nso ukjk;.k & ^^i'kq/ku ,oa i'kq fpfdRlk foKku** t; izdk'k ukFk

,.M dEiuh esjB 19703- HkkVh ,l-,l- & ^^nqX/k foKku** ch-ds- izdk'ku c<+kSr esjB 20004- 'kekZ ds-,e- & ^^Hkkjr esa lgdkfjrk** vkxjk cqd LVksj] vkxjk

19715- pkS/kjh MkW- ds-ds- & nqX/k mRiknu ,d vkfFkZd fo'ys"k.k

i=&if=dk,a1- d`Hkdks okf"kZd fjiksVZ & ^^d`"kd Hkkjrh dks- vkijsfVo fy-** usg: Iysl] ubZ

fnYyh] 19902- iathd`r mifof/k;k¡ & jk;iqj nqX/k la?k] jk;iqj 20033- okf"kZd izfrosnu & jk;iqj nqX/k egkla?k] jk;iqj

DMV Journal


jk;iqj 'kgj% is;ty

i`Foh ij ty dh miyC/krk i`Foh ds xq:Rokd”kZ.k 'kfDr ds ifj.kke Lo:i gSA fdlh LFkku ds lalk/kuksa dk foods iw.kZ mi;ksx ij gh vkfFkZd fodkl fuHkZj gSA izd`frd iznÙk lalk/kuksa esaa ty dk egRoiw.kZ LFkku gS ty ds fcuk thou ugh gSA vkt ls yxHkx 4-5 fcfy;u o”kZ iwoZ i`Foh esa ok;q e.My dk fuekZ.k gqvk FkkA ok;qe.My esa ik”i o vU; xSal lekfgr gks x;h ;g ok”i mij mBh B.Mh gqbZ ckny ds fuekZ.k ds lkFk o”kkZ gqbZ iqu% ty ok”i esa ifjf.kr gqvk ;g pØ rc rd pyrk jgk tc rd i`Foh B.Mh ugh gqbZA rRi'pkr~ o”kkZ ty xM~<+s o [kkbZ;ksa esa Hkj x, vkSj ;gk lkxj >hys o ty [k.M dk fuekZ.k gqvk ty lnso xfr'khy jgk gS i`Foh esa 70% ks= ty o 30% ks= esa LFky [k.M gSaA LFky ty ds fo”k; fou;kl izd`fr izgr gS mlh izdkj ekuo ds 'kjhj esa 65% ty ,oa 'ks”k vU; gSA

ty pØ izd`fr dh lke iquZpØ.k ¼fjlkbfDayx½ fØ;k fo/kh ds kjk vjcks ckj & xqtjrk gSA ty dk ckj&ckj iqu% pfØr djrs jguk pkfg, D;ksfd i`Foh esa ty dh ek=k yk[kks o”kks ls fLFkj gSA ty vR;f/kd egkRiw.kZ ;kSfxd gS ;g vkWDlhtu ds ,d ,oa gkbMªkstu ds nks ijek.kq ls cuk gSA ty dh ,d cwn unh esa 2 ls 3 lirkg >hy esa 100 o”kZ vkSj Xysf'k;j esa 1000 o”kZ rd jg ldrh gSA ¼2H +O -2h O½2 2 2

i`Foh ij ty dh ek=k 1-4 fefy;u D;qfod fdeh- gS ftlesa 97-5 izfr'kr gklkxj ls tks kkjh; gSA 2-0 izfr'kr Lysf'k;j] fge vkoj.k vkSj rw”kkj esa rFkk 0-5 izfr'kr LoPN ty miyC/k gSA vFkkZr 6 vjc turk 1% ls Hkh de ty ij fuHkZj gSA izR;sd O;fDr dks yxHkx 150&250 yhVj izfr fnu ty dh vko';drk gSA

fo'o Lrj ij foxr n'kd esa izfr O;fDr ftruk ikuh dh vko';drk gksuh pkfg, Fkh mles 58 izfr'kr dh deh gSA Hkkjr o”kZ esa 1950 esa izfr O;fDr 5000 ?kuehVj ikuh miyC/k Fkk orZeku esa 2000 ?kuehVj vkSj 2025 esa ;g ?kVdj 1500 ?kuehVj gks tkus dk vuqeku gSA mns'; %& gekjs 'kjhj dk 65% fgLls esa ikuh gS tks fofHkUu izdkj dh jklkf;fud fØ;k djrk gSA 'kjhj esa ikuh dh deh vkSj v'kq) ikuh tk;s rks 'kjhj esa vusd leL;k,a mRiUu gksus yxrh gS mijksDr ckrksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, fo”k; dk pquko fd;kA lkfgR; dh lehkk & ^fcu ikuh lc lwu** ;g dFku ty dh egÙkk dks Li”V djrh gSA bl fn'kk esa v/;;u Hkkjr esa vkBosa n'kd dh nsu gSA ekulwuh o”kkZ ds forj.k ls lacf/kr v/;;u iVuk;d ts-ds-] vkj- jfo rFkk

‘>bM. ±Ø<L∂Ób ~NsJb, gaÓ»a ŸbÆÎ~ •TbC´Ja yÎ gaÓ»a PN<D»b ™PbCGŸ‡b


<ÎBb≥b«‡[, BØ≥bCJ <ÎBb≥, £È≥b∂ Ó´b<ÎÀbJ‡, Ÿb‡±NŸ (n>.≥.)

P´b. ±–b«‡b±•T, BØ≥bCJ <ÎBb≥, ~bP•TÚ‡ Ó´b<ÎÀbJ‡, •NTı£ (n>.≥.)

P´b. ±–b«‡b±•T, BØ≥bCJ <ÎBb≥, £È≥b∂ Ó´b<ÎÀbJ‡, Ÿb‡±NŸ (n>.≥.)

DMV Journal


vkj- jkeuanu ¼1977½ ds- vkj-fnfkr ¼1979½ ch-ih- lqcze.;d] vkj-ih- fo'oukFk ¼1979½ ds dk;Z mYys[kuh; gSA ty lalk/ku ds eqY;kadu gsrq jko ¼1975½] ty lalk/ku ds fodkl ,oa izca/ku ij ch-Mh- ikBd] ,-vkj- lqcze.;e] ds mek nso ,u flokjxukue ,o ads dqekj Lokeh dk LFkku egRoiw.kZ gSA ty dh xq.koÙkk] HkkSfrd vk/kkj ,oa iznw”k.k ij ,p- ,l- jke eksgu ,oa csjh-] ih- lqcze.;e ¼1983½] vkj-,u- ekFkqj ,oa ds- ,l- ;kno ¼1988½ ,-x.ks'k ¼1984½] ,p- panz 'ks[kj ¼1984½] lkEc f'kojk; ¼1986½ le`fr cuthZ ¼1988½ vkfn gS ftuds dk;Z mYys[kuh; gSA *foHkkxk/;k Hkwxksy] nqxkZ egkfo|ky; jk;iqj *lgk;d izk/;kid Hkwxksy] 'kkldh; egk-dq:nv/;;u ks= & %& jk;iqj 'kgj NÙkhlx<+ jkT; ds jk;iqj ftys ds e/; iwoZ Hkkx esa fLFkr gSA bldk foLr`r fooj.k 64 bZa /kjkry i=d esa iznf'kZr gS ;g izns'k dh jkt/kuh gSA 'kks/k ifjdYiuk %& 'kks/k i= dks izLrqr djus gsrq fuEukfyf[kr 'kks/k ifjdYiukvksa dks vk/kkj cuk;k x;k gS & 1- is; ty dh myC/krkA

2- ty izbl.k dh leL;kA fof/kra= &

izLrqr v/;;u izkFkfeZd ,oa frh; vkadM+ks ij vk/kkfjr gSaA izkIr vkadM+ks ,oa lwpukvks ds fo'ys”k.k ds vk/kkj ij ,d fooj.k izLrqr djus dk iz;kl gS ftlesa ekufp= o vkjs[k dh lgk;rk yh xbZ Gsa1- HkkSxksfyd ifjp; %

0 0jk;iqj 'kgj NÙkhlx<+ jkT; ds e/;&iwoZ esa 21 23* mÙkj vkka'k rFkk 80 41* iwohZ ns'kkarj ds e/; fLFkr gS A lehih; xzkeh.k ks=ksa esa tula[;k jkt/kkuh esa f'kkk xzg.k djus] O;olk; o vU; fofHkUu izdkj dh vko';drk dh iwfrZ ds vkrs gSa] blfy, bl ks= dk fodkl o rhoz xfr ls gks jgk gSA bl 'kgj ds mÙkj esa fcykliqj] mÙkj&iwoZ esa tkatxhj ] nfk.k esa /kerjh] nfk.k&iwoZ esa jktukanxkao] mÙkj&if'pe esa do/kkZ] iwoZ esa egkleqan rFkk if'pe esa nqxZ ftys fLFkr gS A ;gkWa yky&ihyh dUgkj] Mksjlk] eVklh ,oa HkkVk feV~Vh ik;h tkrh gSA ;g 'kgj leqnzry ls 304-80 ehVj ÅWpkbZ ij clk gqvk gSA jk;iqj 'kgj dk ks=Qy 59-19 oxZ fdeh- gSA

1 uoacj 2000 esa jkt/kkuh cuus ls igys bldh tula[;k 4-5 yk[k Fkh tks jkt/kkuh cuus ds ckn 2001 esa 6-40 yk[k gks xbZ gS A izkjaHk esa 54 okMZ Fkk ¼ek-Ø 1½ orZeku esa ;g ks= 70 okMksZa esa cVk gqvk gS A jk;iqj 'kgj ds lehi fLFkr 26 u;s xkao dks lfEefyr dj cuk;k x;k gS A ftlls jkt/kkuh dh tula[;k esa o`f) ds lkFk is;ty dh leL;k mRiUu gqbZ ¼ek-Ø 2½ A 'kgj dk lcls ÅWpk Hkkx jkou HkkVk ks= gS] tcfd lcls uhpk Hkkx jk;iqjk ds lehi egknso ?kkV gS A ¼vkjs[k Ø- 1½ A jk”Vªh; jktekxZØ 643 'kgj ls gksdj vkxs tkrh gS rFkk n-iw- jsyekxZ Hkh ;gkW ls xqtjrh gS A


DMV Journal


[kk:u dk ty lajfkr uy ds kjk ?kj esa j[kk tkrk Fkk] ftldh kerk 4 yk[k xSyu Fkh A ml le; 23 gtkj O;fDr dk is;ty miyC/k djk;k tkrk Fkk A blds i'pkr~ fujarj c<+rs gq, tula[;k ds ekax dh iwfrZ ds fy, jfo'kadj cka/k cuk;k x;k rFkk ,d ifj;kstuk rS;kj fd;k x;k A bl ifj;kstuk esa 1951 esa 14 yk[k] 1971 esa 73 yk[k] 1984 esa 308 yk[k rFkk orZeku esa 4259 yk[k :i;s [kpZ dj ;gkWa dh tula[;k dks is;ty dh lqfo/kk iznku dh xbZ A ml le; ls 8 fdeh- ,oa 5 fdeh- dh nwjh ij nfk.k&if'pe fn'kk esa [kk:u vkSj jkou HkkVk ks= fjax jksM ua- 1 ij is;ty ;kstukvksa ij dk;Z fd;k tkrk Fkk A tgkW V.T. VjckbZu lsUVªh¶;wxy iai dk iz;ksx gksrk Fkk] ftlesa dPpk o 'kq) ty dh iwfrZ gksrh Fkh A

ty dk laca/k tyok;q ls gSA jk;iqj 'kgj dh tyok;q m”.k dfVca/kh; ekulwuh gSA bl ks= dh ekulwuh o”kkZ dh fo'ks”krk gS fd o”kZ ds dsoy 4 efgus o”kkZ lokZf/kd gksrh] 'ks”k 8 ekg yxHkx lw[kk jgrk gSA jk;iqj 'kgj ds rkieku] o”kkZ] vknzZrk dh tkudkjh vkjs[k ls Li”V gSA jk;iqj uxj esa 1982 esa 94 lseh-o”kkZ gqbZ Fkh] 1983 esa 113 lseh-] 1984 esa ?kVdj ek= 50-3 lseh- o”kkZ gqbZA 1983 ds i'pkr~ o”kkZ dh ek=k esa vlrrk fn[kkbZ iM+rh gSA o”kZ 2001 esa o”kkZ ek= 23-82 lseh- gqbZ ¼vkjs[k Ø-2½A ;gkWa is;ty dh leL;k esa tyok;q dk izHkko Li”V :i ls


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fn[kkbZ iM+rk gSA o”kkZ ds forj.k ij Hkh /;ku nsrs gS rks ,d leL;k vkrh gS fd uxjh; ks= ij o”kkZ tc

gksrh gS] rks bekjrksa ds Nrksa ij] lM+dksa ij rFkk ,sls vfHk;kaf=d lajpukvksa kjk vojksf/kr gksdj Hkwfe ij ugha igqap ikrh tks bEifoZ;l gksrs gS vFkok dBksj gksrs gSa fd ty Hkwfe rd ugha igaqp ikrk vkSj cgqewY; ty cgdj O;FkZ pyk tkrk gSA

lrg ls ysdj Hkwfexr ty ds Åijh lry dks rhu Hkkxksa & Lokby tksu] bUVjehfM;sV tksu rFkk dSfiyjh tksu esa okVj Vscy ls ty Åij dh e`nk fLFkr dSifyfV;ksa kjk p<+dj vknzZrk c<+krh gSA ;g 0-3 ls ysdj 3 ehVj rd e`nk dh izd`fr ds vuqlkj gks ldrk gSA pV~Vkuksa esa fLFkr fNnzksa esa] foHksnksa rFkk njkjksa esa Hkwfexr ty dh fLFkfr gksrh gSA Hkwfexr ty ds izokg ds vuqekiu gsrq ks= dk HkwfoZKku rFkk pV~Vkuksa dh iksjksflVh tks fdlh pV~Vku esa mifLFkr fNnzksa dk izfr'kr gksrk gSA ;s fofHkUu pV~Vkuksa esa fHkUu&fHkUu gksrs gSa&

pV~Vku ds izdkj iksjksflVhxzsukbZV@DokVZt 1-5%

'kSy 4%

ykbZe LVksu 5-10%

lS.M LVksu 10-50%

lS.M ,oa xzsoy 20-30%

dsoy xszoy 25%

dsoy lS.M 35%

Dys rFkk e`nk 45%

jk;iqj 'kgj ds HkwxfHkZd lajpuk esa pwuk iRFkj ,oa 'kSy laLrj yxHkx 120 ehVj eksVh gSA ftlesa fofHkUu xgjkbZ esa ty/kkj.k kerk fHkUu & fHkUu gSA 'kgj esa o”kZ 1980 ds iwoZ ;gkWa dh tula[;k yxHkx 20 ehVj dh xgjkbZ ls gh ty izkIr dj ysrh Fkh ysfdu orZeku esa fofHkUu xgjkbZ ij ty Lrj miyC/k gSA

izFke 30&35 ehVj dh xgjkbZfrh; 60&65 ehVj dh xgjkbZr`rh; 90&110 ehVj dh xgjkbZ'kgj esa Hkwlrg ls 12 ehVj dh xgjkbZ ls lkekU; o ysVsjkbV feV~Vh QSyh gqbZ gSA

blls uhps yxHkx 120 ehVj eksVkbZ rd pwuk iRFkj o 'kSy laLrj gSA bl laLrj ds i'pkr xq.Mjnsgh 'kSyh laLrj fcNh gqbZ gS ftlesa ty/kkj.k kerk ugha gSA is;ty lzksr ,oa iwfrZ %

jk;iqj 'kgj esa is;ty dh izkfIr ds fy, /kjkryh; lzksr ds :i esa [kk:u o jfo'kadj


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cka/k o HkwxfHkZrk lzksr ds :i esa uydwi] dqavk miyC/k gSA 'kgj ds mÙkj ls nfk.k&if'pe dh vksj yxHkx 12 fdeh- dh nwjh ls [kk:u unh ds

ty dks ikbi ykbu ds ek/;e ls ty la;a= rd yk;k tkrk gS vkSj izfrfnu 5 yk[k O;fDr;ksa dh iwfrZ gsrq 'kq) ty iznk; fd;k tkrk gSA 'kgj esa dqy 22 Vafd;ka gS ftuesa ty forj.k okfgfu;ksa kjk ty iznk; gksrk gSA

5 cM+h Vafd;ka gS ftudh kerk 35 yk[k yhVj gS tks Øe'k% jktsUnz uxj] 'kadj uxj] xqf<+;kjh] jkBkSj pkSd o [kerjkbZ esa fLFkr gS ls 17 e/;e ,oa NksVs vkdkj dh Vafd;k ftldh ty laxzg.k kerk 25]00]000 yhVj rd gSA bUgha 22 Vafd;ksa ds 'kq) ty dks fofHkUu ikbi ykbu ls laiw.kZ 'kgj esa is;ty forfjr fd;k tkrk gSA ;gka dk;Zjr dqa, dh la[;k yxHkx 350 gSA uydwiksa dh ek/;e ls 1-5&2 yk[k O;fDr ty izkIr djrs gSa rFkk gtkj ls ckjg lkS O;fDr vU; lzksrksa ls ty xzg.k djrs gSa tSls dqavk] rkykc vkfnA

xq.koÙkk ds vk/kkj ij ty dks pkj Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tk ldrk gS& 1- lqjfkr ty ¼Safe Water½ % ftlesa v'kq) ty feyus dh laHkkouk ugha jgrh gSA

blds fy, bls mipkfjr fd;k tkrk gSA 2- 'kq) ty ¼Clean Water½% ftlesa vokaNuh; inkFkZ ugha feyk gksrk gSA i`Foh dk

3@4 fgLlk ikuh ls vkPNkfnr gS] ysfdu ek= 0-03% ty gh ihus ;ksX; gSA 3- lanqf”kr ty ¼Contaminated Water½ % ;g lwe dhVk.kq ;qDr gksrk gSA 4- iznqf”kr ty ¼Polluted Water½ % iznqf”kr inkFkZ feys jgrs gSA tc ty esa

gkbMªkstu dk lkanz.k dk eku ?kVdj 6-5 pH ls de rFkk c<+dj 7-0 pH ls vf/kd gks tkr gS rks og iznqf”kr ty gSA

jk;iqj 'kgj esa is;ty dh xq.koÙkkQuality of Drinking Water in Raipur City

jk;iqj 'kgj esa ihus ;ksX; ty ds fuEu oSdfYid lzksr ns[kus dks feyrs gSa&1- ihus ;ksX; e`n qty & tks jkW okVj dks VªhVesaV IykaV ls 'kq) djds ikbi ykbu ds

ek/;e ls laiw.kZ 'kgj esa forfjr fd;k tkrk gS tks izfrfnu 100 M.L.D. 'kq) ty 'kgj ds yxHkx 5 yk[k vkcknh dks izkIr gksrk gSA jk;iqj 'kgj esa izfr O;fDr izfrfnu 'kq) ty dh [kir 150 yhVj gSA

2- uydwiksa gS.MiEi@ikoj iEi LFkkfir dj is;ty iznk; fd;k tkrk gSA ;s ty Hkkjh gksrk gSA 'kgj dh 'ks”k 2 yk[k vkcknh blh ty dh iz;ksx djrh gSA

3- vU; lzksr esa & dqavk ,oa rkykc vkfn dk mi;ksx ihus ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA ;g ty iznqf”kr gksrk gS ftlds iznw”k.k dk eku vkxs Li”V gSA

jk;iqj 'kgj% iznwf”kr ty ks=is;ty dk pH eku 6-4 ls 7 ds chp gksrk gS tc ty dk pH eku mDr eku ls de ;k


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T;knk gks rks iznwf”kr ty ekuk tkrk gSA ;fn 6-4 ls de pH eku gks rks og vEyh; ty ekuk tkrk gSA 7 pH eku ls T;knk gks rc mls kkjh; ty dgrs gSaA ty iznq”k.k ds lzksr%1- ty dk jax Hkwjk] ihyk ;k gjk gks tkuk tks fd pV~Vkuksa ds feV~Vh o [kfut rRoksa ds ?kqyus ls gksrk gSA 2- ty esa cncw vkuk] tks yxkrkj yacs le; rd fdlh xM~Ms esa fLFkr ty ls ;k fdlh

tho&tarq ds ty esa ejus ls vkrh gSA 3- ty ls xanykiu vkuk] tks dkj[kkuksa ds fudklh ty rFkk o”kkZ _rq ds le; unh] ukys]

ugj] dqavk] rkykc ,oa cksfjax ds ty esa feV~Vh ds ?kqy tkus ls gksrk gSA 4- lhoj ykbu ds izHkko ls ty dk iznwf”kr gksukA 5- lfCt;ksa ds lM+us] lM+s vUu o dpjk Qasdus ls ty dk iznw”k.k gksukA 6- jkbl fey dk xans ikuh kjk ty iznw”k.k gksukA 7- i'kqvksa dks ugykus o diM+s /kksus rFkk ugus ds ty ls ty dk iznw”k.k gksukA iznwf”kr ty ds yk.k%1- bldk bax Hkwjk] eVeSyk ;k gjk gksrk gSA 2- blls cncw vkrh gSA3- iznwf”kr ty esa fuEufyf[k jlk;fud rRo feyrs gSa&

I T.O.C. = Total Organic Corban

ii T.O.D. = Total Oxygen Demand

iii C.O.D.= Chemical Oxygen Demand

iv B.O.D.= Biochemical Oxygen Demand

v O.D. = Oxygen Demand

vi Th.O.D. = Theoretical Oxygen Demand

4- bldk Lokn dMok] [kV~Vk ;k kkjh; gksrk gSA 5- bl ty esa ?kqys diM+s lkQ ugha gksrsA6- blesa fofHkUu izdkj ds cSDVhfj;k ik;s tkrs gSA7- ;g dBksj ty Hkh ¼Hard Water½ gksrk gSA

jk;iqj 'kgj ds iznwf”kr ks= ,oa dkj.k 1- dqdqjcsM+k ¼B.O.D.½

2- ekSngkikjk ¼T.O.D./B.O.D.½3- Hkuiqjh ¼B.O.D./C.O.D./O.D.½

dqdqjcsMk vkSj ekSngkikjk esa ty fudklh dh leqfpr O;oLFkk u gksus rFkk tyokfgfuksa ds VqVus ls xank iznwf”kr ty ikbi ykbu ds fNnzksa ls Hkhrj izos'k dj tkrk gS vkSj ty dks iznwf”kr djrk gSA vkokl O;oLFkk l?ku gksus ds dkj.k ty ldjh lM+dksa] xfy;ksa ij :d


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tkrk gS vkSj ?kjksa dk dpjk] eosf'k;ksa dk eyew= ,oa ?kjksa dk lhoj ty bdV~Bk gksus ds dkj.k ;gkWa dk ty iznwf”kr gks jgk gSA

Hkuiqjh ks= jk;iqj 'kgj ds vkS|ksfxd ks= dh lhek esa vkrk gSA ;gkWa fofHkUu izdkj ds vkS|ksfxd laLFkku LFkkfir gS ftlds fudklh ty dh leqfpr O;oLFkku u gksus ds dkj.k ;g iznwf”kr ty dbZ o”kksZ ls tehu esa iM+k jgrk gS vkSj bl iznwf”kr ty ds Hkhrj fjlus ls HkwxfHkZd ty ry Hkh iznwf”kr gks jgk gS tks gS.M iEi ds ek/;e ls iqu% ckgj fudyrk gSA ;g bl ks= dh xaHkhj leL;k cu x;h gSA

jk;iqj 'kgj ds iznwf”kr ty ds ifj.kke v iznwf"kr ty ls ihfy;k] gStk] dkyjk o VkbQkbM tSlh xaHkhj chekfj;ka

izHkkfor ks=ksa esa ns[kus dks feyrh gSAv ty ds Hkkjh gksus dh otg bu ks=ksa esa diM+s /kksus] [kkuk idkus] ihus dk ikuh o ugkus dh

leL;k dh fLFkr mRiUu gksrh gSA v dqdqjcsM+k esa ck;ykWftdy vkWDlhtu fMekaM ¼B.O.D.½ dh leL;k gSA v ekSngkikjk esa VksVy vkWDlhtu fMekaM ¼T.O.D.½ rFkk ck;ykWftdy vkWDlhtu fMekaM

¼B.O.D.½ dh leL;k gSaA v Hkuiqjh ks= esa ck;ykWftdy vkWDlhtu fMekaM ¼B.O.D.½] VksVy vkxZfud dkcZu ¼T.O.C.½

rFkk vkWDlhtu fMekaM ¼O.D.½ dh leL;k gSA funku%1- jk;iqj 'kgj ds izHkkfor ,oa vU; lHkh ks= tgkWa ls lhoj ykbu dk laca/k ey fudklh ls tksM+k tk; ftlls ihus dk ty iw.kZ :i ls lqjfkr jgsA 2- vkS|kSfxd ks= esa osLV okVj ds fudklh dh O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg,] mDr LFkku ij is;

ty ds lzksr tSls & dqavk] uydwi] rkykc ij vuqdwy izHkko iM+sxkA 3- vkokl ks=ksa esa dpjk] lCth ,oa QzwV ekdsZV dk lM+k&xyk dpjk rFkk ejs gq,

tho&tarqvksa dks 'kgj ls nwj fdlh fjDr LFkku ij leqfpr O;oLFkk ds lkFk Mkyk tk;sA 4- 'kgj ds izR;sd mu ks=ksa esa tgkWa dpjk Qsadus dh O;oLFkk ugha gS ogkWa fuf'pr vkdkj

ds dwM+knku dh O;oLFkk dh tk;A 5- o"kkZ _rq ds iwoZ vkoklh; ks=ksa eas ukyh ,oa ukyksa dh lQkbZ vfuok;Z :i ls dh tk;

,oa mudk xank dpjk 'kgj ds ckgj ;Fkk LFkku esa Mkyk tk;A 6- is;ty ds forj.k okfguh ds VwVus ij izHkkfor ks= ds jgokfl;ksa dks lpsr jguk pkfg,

fd rRdky ikbi ykbu dh ejEer djkosa rFkk ejEer ds i'pkr~ ty ifjk.k djkdj gh ihus ds ty dk iz;ksx djsaA

7- dqa, ds ikuh dk iz;ksx dsoy fuLrkjh ds :i esa gh fd;k tk;A ihus ds :i esa u fd;k tk;] D;ksafd ml ty esa cSDVhfj;k gks ldrs gS tks [kqyh vkWa[kksa ls ugha fn[krs gSA+

8- xM~Mksa vkfn esa tgkWa yacs le; rd ikuh Bgjk jgrk gSA ogkWa D.D.T. dk fNM+dko fd;k


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tkuk pkfg,A 9- ty thou dk ,d egRoiw.kZ vax gSA ty gh thou gS dgkor pfjrkFkZ gS] fQj Hkh LoPN

ty ds izfr vke yksxksa esa tkx:drk yk;h tk;s rks ty ls gksus okyh cgqr ls chekfj;ka fu;a=.k esa vk ldrh gSA

lanHkZ xzUFk · ty thou dk ve`r] lh-ih-vkj-i;kZoj.k f'kkk dsUnz psUukbZ kjk us'kuy xzhu

ØkWIlZ ¼2003½· feJ] f'koxksiky % ty iznw”k.k] Kku xaxk ubZ fnYyh ¼2007½ · Adyalkar, P.G.; 1976 'Introduction to Ground Water,' New Delhi, Oxford &

I.B.H. Publishing Comp.p.24.

· Agrawal, P.C.; Adyalkar, P.G.; “Chhattisgarh Region” in India : A Regional

Geography by R.L.Singh (ed.), Varanasi, The National Geographical Society

of India, p 739-53.

· Burten, Inn. & Lerence Lee. 1966 “Future Water Supply of Indian Cities”

Daccan Geographer, Vol. 3+4, July 1965 INN66.

· Chaturvedi M.C. 1976 'Water' Second India Studies, Delhi. The Mc Millian

Company of India.


DMV Journal


Impact of Globalization on Management Education in India

Dr. Babita Pathak

Chairman Commerce Board & Co - Ordinator M.Phil Commerce Durga College, Raipur (C.G.)

The term “ Globalization” means integration of economics and societies through cross country

flows of information, ideas, technologies, goods, services, capital, finance and people cross

border integration can have several dimensions cultural, social, political and economic. In fact,

some people fear cultural and social integration even more than economic integration.

Globalization is impacting the institutional frame work in both developing and industrial

countries. It is changing the way in which government perceive their role in the society. It has

also far reaching implications for social economic development and educational systems of

countries all over the world.

Globalization Education

Knowledge is the driving force in the rapidly changing globalization economy and

society. Quantity and quality of specialized human resources determine their competence in

the global market. Emergence of knowledge as driving factor results in both challenges and

opportunities. It is well known that the growth of the global economy has opportunities for those

countries with good levels of education.

Globalization has a multi - dimensional impact on the system of education. It promotes

new tools & techniques in this are like E-learning, flexible learning, distance education

programs and over seas training. Globalization will mean many different things for education.

In the new future “it will mean a more competitive and deregulated educational system

modeled after free market but with more pressure on it to assure that the next generation of stworkers are prepared for some amorphous” job market of 21 century.

Since Life long jobs have been converted into yearly contracts there is still possibility

of even short duration jobs. Our educations system should deliver such education and training

so that professionals can adjust themselves as per market expectations. It has underlined the

need for reforms in the education system with particular reference to the wider utilization of

information technology. Giving productivity dimension to education and emphasis on its

research and development activities. The benefits of globalization accrue to the countries with

highly skilled human capital and it is curse for the countries without such specialized human


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capital. Developing and transaction countries are further challenged in a highly competitive

world economy because their higher education system in not adequately developed for the

creation and use of knowledge . Converting the challenges into opportunities depend on the

rapidity at which they adapt to the changing environment.

India is also following the global phenomenon. As part of globalization the economic

reform packages were introduced in India in the beginning of 1991. These reform packages

imposed a heavy compression on the public budgets on education sector, more specifically so

on higher education. This has trickled down to public expenditure on education in general and

higher education in particular.

Indian Government and Indian corporate sector has recognized in the importance of

management education in the changing global scenario. Today under the reforming economic

conditions, integration of the Indian economy with world economy presupposes efficiency and

conditions, integration of the Indian economy with world economy presupposes efficiency and

competitiveness in the domestic front as well in the international arena. As the process of

globalization is technology driven and knowledge driven, the very success of economic

reform policies cortically depends upon the competence of human capital. But what is

observed is the reverse. Even with the education sector, relative priority assigned to higher

education has been on the decline. It is to be realized that higher education institutions play an

important role in setting the academic standard for primary and secondary education. They

are also responsible for not only providing the specialized human capital in order to corner the

gains form globalization, but also for training inside the country, provide policy advice etc.

Globalization is expected to have a positive influence on the volume, quality and

spread of knowledge through increased interaction among the various states.

Today our educational system is strong enough but central and state governments

should change their roles within the education system, re-inventing themselves as facilitating

and supervisory organizations. Teacher training, infrastructure and syllabuses need to be

urgently. Industry should come forward to share experience with students and to offer more

opportunities for live projects.

The free market philosophy has already entered the educational world in a big way.

Commercialization of education is the order of the day. Commercial institutions offering

specialized education have come up everywhere. In view of globalization, many corporate

universities, both foreign and Indian, are encroaching upon our government institutions.

Our institutes like IIM's and IIT's have produced world class professionals. These

institute imparts quality education as per industry expectations and give due importance to

institute industry interface. Under the new scenario, Government Private partnership is


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becoming important in Management education. Now India is a transforming country. We are

near to achieve status of developed nation.

The demand for higher education has been growing rapidly with comparatively faster

growth in enrolment in higher educational institutions than the growth in number of higher

educational institutions. The growth rates are doubled among the students enrolled in post-

graduate and research, while the number of institutions for Post Graduate and Research

Studies has grown at a slower rate in 1990's than in 1980's.

Through the enrolment has been increasing in absolute terms only 7% of the

population in the age group of 17 to 24 attended higher educational institutions in India, as

against 92% of the eligible age-group population attending higher educational institutions in

USA, 52 in U.K. & 45% in Japan, In India over the years. There have been private initiatives in

education initially for philanthropic reasons and eventually in professional and even in general

higher education. Privatization of higher education has emerged in several forms and types in

the recent decade in India. 1) privatization within government higher education institutions

take place in the form of introducing self-financing courses within government institutions. 2)

converting government aided private institutions into private self financing institutions, 3)

allowing to expand self financing private institutions with recognition and also without

recognition which may be termed as commercial private higher education emerges form

market forces and tied to economic and global forces.

They thrive on the principles of commercialism, primarily focus on vocational courses

and highly pragmatic. Their commercial thrust is training jobs, indeed, part of the curriculum is

industrial training. Not only training for jobs but also place their students in well paid jobs.

This indeed speaks about the strong industry institution linkages. They are narrowly

focused, rather micro- specific in designing their course and training. This narrow focus is their

strength as well weakness. It is strength as long as there is demand for such specific nature of

the courses and a weakness once such a demand is satiated. Moreover, the built-in set up/

infrastructure do not allow them to diversify. They cater to the unmet demand or rather demand

absorbing form the non- university higher education sector.

We can divide these institutions in to various types, like of the self financing

engineering colleges and management institutions are affiliated to the conventional

universities in which, the course structure, design, curriculum and the pattern of examination

fall within the purview of the national or state pattern. On the other side, several of these self

financing private institutions are also non- affiliating to any universities and cater to the

demands of the corporate sector nationally and internationally.

This privatization has its negative impact also. Student is acting as market force.


DMV Journal


Student is the power while faculty is week in these private institutions. Indeed, the faculty lacks

the positions, power and autonomy as they traditionally enjoyed at universities. Basically they

serve to students and their practical orientations in commercial private institutions. These

institutions rely on part time faculty and may be drawn form full- time faculty at public

universities (and hence do not add to further employment opportunities). When employing full-

time faculty, they pay meager salary. Perhaps many of them have neither practical nor

academic expertise and lack training.

Globalization leads to challenges and threats also. The major concern is do deliver

world class education with update curriculum and practical exposure. This only by attaching

talented & experienced persons into academics.

At present it is difficult to asses not only the nature and dimensions of globalization,

but also what it means to the field of education. A few educational researchers have attempted

to make connections between the several dimensions of globalization and the policies of

education. India is witnessing new ear in the field for Management education. Many corporate

groups like Reliance, Nirma, Tata, Sterlite ect. Have promoted Management institutes. Some

guidelines so that fees structure remains with in certain limit and those who are form

economically poor background have same opportunity.

References :

1. AICTE (1994) report of the High Power Committee for Mobilization of Additional

Resources for Technical Education, All India Council for Technical Education, New Delhi.

2. Government of India (1997) Approach Paper to the Ninth Five Year Plan : 1997-2002,

Planning Commission, New Delhi.

3. Rani Geetha P. (2003) Financing Education in India in the Economic Reform Period:

Focus on Intra Sectoral Allocation of Resources to education, in Globalization and

Challenges of Education, NIEPA, 2003.

4. Dr. C.Rangarajan, Chairman Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister.

5. The Globalization of India Economy : A Need for Internationalization of Higher

Technical Education (Patil).

6. Globalization of Education (K V Sagar).

7. Reports of UGC, AICTE & Ministry of HRD- Government of India.

8. Various Books, Journals, Magazines, Reports, Presentation, Websites etc.


DMV Journal


Dharker's Purdah : Exploration of the multiple resonances of the veil

Dr. Deepali Sharma

Associate Prof. of English, Durga College, Raipur (C.G.)

For Muslims, Quran marks the opening of a new chapter in human history and bears

witness to the high status of human beings in the hierarchy of the creation. One of the prophets

in his celebrated Sermon on his last pilgrimage to Mecca said:

Allah says: “O mankind! We have created you from a male and a female and we have

made you into families and tribes that you may recognize one another.”

Between man and man, Quran recognizes only one criterion for superiority and that is

due to more righteous conduct. All distinctions based on parentage, tribal relationships, colour

and land are irrelevant.

Verily the most honourable among you, in the sight of Allah, is he who is the most

righteous among you. Surely, Allah is All-knowing, All Aware.” (49.13)

My intention in this paper is to question the system of purdah which is not merely a

form of dress or custom, but is indicative of whole social system. Purdah reinforces the idea of

female sub-ordination inbuilt in patriarchal societies; it also defines family and political

structures and constitutes the basis of gender ideology. It is based on the principle of inequality

and establishes itself on the dual strategy of control and exclusion.

One of the most renowned post-independence Indian English Women poets is Imtiaz

Dharker. She attained popularity from her first book Purdah and other Poems published in

1989. She has two other volumes of poetry to her credit. They

are Postcards from God and I Speak for the Devil. In this paper I have confined my views to her

first collection of poems, i.e. Purdah and other Poems.

Poetry, to Imtiaz Dharker is often an expression of deeply felt emotions even if it is not

technically proficient. Her predominant concern has been for the individual woman repressed

by purdah used more metaphorically than literally. Freedom, to her, is something inherent.

The poet is a person with very independent and unconventional ideas. She has been a rebel

against orthodox aspect of her religion and her community in real life. In the first poem Purdah

I, she ironically says: “Purdah is a kind of safety” (3). The poem focuses on a significant turning

point in the life of a girl in Muslim society, who is on the threshold of youth: “She was old enough


DMV Journal


to learn some shame” (3).

Here the poet's voice is raised in stringent criticism against the negative aspects of this

custom which totally denies a young woman the opportunity to grow up normally with freedom

on both intellectual and spiritual planes. The collection reveals how purdah can deny a young

woman the opportunity to seek learning and enlightenment and result in the deadening of the

intellect (purdah of the mind). Upbringing of young girls in her community in a traditional

manner has been exposed by Dharker in a sarcastic tone:

Unwilling virgins who had been taught,

especially in this strangers' land, to bind

their brightness tightly round,

whatever they might wear,

in the purdah of the mind. (7)

The poet highlights the constraints of purdah where in a girl child is looked upon an

object of sacrifice on the altar of convention and tradition. A reader finds an absolute

description of the miserable condition of woman is The Child Sings:

The child is thinking

nothing.

Sometimes she sings

notes that cannot find

an aim.

… … …

She is nothing but a crack

where the light forgot to shine. (31)

Dharker's feminine sensibility is evident in most of her poems. For instance in A

Woman's Place, the persona says: Here I am again, all contact lost. (33) And fear, you tell me,

is a woman's place. (34)

Being a writer, Dharker is aware of her obligations to her work which is to expose and

eradicate the existing problems in society. In the poem 'Grace', she expresses her anguish at

gender-discrimination in her society. She points out; women are not allowed into mosque,

which is a place, offering peace and security. Raj Pruthi in his study Islam and Women says:

In the earlier days of Islam, women, if would appear, were free to visit the mosque and

pray. This practice was, later, condemned as good men found it difficult to concentrate their

mind on prayers in the presence of women; by the third century of the Muslim era the practice

of letting women attend the mosque


DMV Journal


generally felt into disuse though among some sections of Muslims it has continued to the

present day.”

Thus Imtiaz Dharker's view in Purdah and other Poems in not only her individual point of

view, it is indeed any woman's point of view not necessarily belonging to Muslim community.

What is most appealing in her poetry is her reaction against the established norms of traditional

society. For this she sounds a clarion call “Break Cover/Break Cover”(9).

Dharker's poetry carries an underlying oblique hope that the lot of women in society will

definitely change in future times. Doing away with purdah idea, of socializing, in family

relationships and in the manner in which women view themselves. In this way women would be

able to feel the joy of growing up female. Her work has been described by critic Bruce king as

“consciously feminist, consciously political, consciously that of a multiple outsider, someone

who knows her own mind, rather than someone full of doubt and liberal ironies. “Dharker's

poetry is the poetry of commitment and politics. Purdah spoke of doors “opening inward and

again inward.”

Thus Dharker is an important presence in the world of Indian poetry in English. Her

anthology, Purdah and Other Poems is an attempt to expand the margins assigned to women.

Purdah indicates a “closed mind syndrome” and also denies women even the basic right to their

own individuality Vrinda Nabar remarks that:

“Purdah means the end of existence: it deadens the woman's capacity to interrelate

with the world by inhibiting her sensory perception of it… Purdah also makes the woman a non-

being, a person who is without an identity or individuality in the eyes of the external world.”

Works cited

Zakaria, Rafiq. Muhammad and the Quran: New Delhi, Penguin, 1991.

Dharker, Imtiaz. Purdah and other Poems. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Pruthi, Raj and B. R. Sharma (Eds). Islam and Women. New Delhi: Anmol Publication Pvt. Ltd.,

1995. 32.

King Bruce. Modern Poetry in English. Bombay: Oxford University Press, 1987. 147.

Vrinda Nabar, Caste as Woman (Penguin, 1995) 134.


DMV Journal


Hkkjrh; lekt esa tula[;k ,oa fcxM+rk fyaxkuqikr(n>caP≥› •CT <Î~C· P£B∂ ÓC*)

lgk- izk/;kid] lekt”kkL= foHkkx] “kkl- nw-c- efgyk Luk- egkfo|ky;] jk;iqj ysDpjj] vFkZ”kkL= v/;;u “kkyk] ia- jfo”kadj “kqDy fo”ofo|ky;] jk;iqj

I. Hkkjrh; lekt %ijEijkxr Hkkjrh; lekt ij n`f"V Mkysa rks gesa eglwl gksrk gS fd ,d lkekU;

Hkkjrh; dk thou yxkrkj la?k"kZe; jgrk gS A la?k'kZ ds nkSjku og izk;% fxjrk gS] mBrk gS] fQj vkxs c<+us dh dksf'k'k djrk gS] thou Hkj dk;Z djus ds ckn Hkh o`)koLFkk esa igqaprs rd vkfFkZd :i ls u gh dqN cpr dj ikrk gS vkSj u gh mlds ikl dksbZ chek] isa'ku vFkok vkokl gksrk gS A o`)koLFkk esa mlds lgkjs ds :i esa ;fn dksbZ gksrk gS rks og mldk viuk ifjokj ftuds fy, og thou Hkj iz;Ru djrk jgrk gS A

d`f'k iz/kku ns”k gksus rFkk tula[;k ds yxHkx 75 izfr”kr yksxksa ds d`f'k ls tqM+s gksus ds dkj.k ,d vkSlr Hkkjrh; dk thou;kiu d`f'k Hkwfe ls gh gksrk gS A lekt esa izpfyr fu;eksa ds vuqlkj ;g Hkwfe mRrjkf/kdkj esas firk ls iq= dks fey tkrk gS tcfd laoS/kkfud fu;ekuqlkj iq=h Hkh firk dh lEifRr dh vf/kdkfj.kh gksrh gS fdUrq lekt esa izpyu esa ugha gksus ds dkj.k iq=h dks lEifRr izk;% izkIr ugha gksrh ;k iq=h gh lkekftd fu;eksa ds izHkko ,oa ikfjokfjd izse ds dkj.k firk dh lEifRr esa viuk vf/kdkj ugha ekaxrh gS A vr% izR;sd ifjokj lEifRr dks cuk;s ,oa cpk;s j[kus ds fy, iq= dh dkeuk djrs gS A blh izdkj _.kksa ls eqDr gksus ds fy, iq= dk tUe Hkh fgUnw /kekZuqlkj vko”;d gS A bl rjg dh vusd /kkj.kk;sa iq= ds laca/k esa lekt esa izpfyr gSa] ftls orZeku le; esa cnyuk vko';d gS A lkekftd lanHkksaZ esa ns[ksa rks ;gh os dkj.k gSa tks Hkkjr dh tula[;k uhfr dks lQy ugha gksus ns jgs gSa A orZeku vk/kqfud ;qx esa mPpf”kkk izkIr ifjokj Hkh de ls de ,d yM+ds dh vfuok;Zrk dks ekurk gS A ORG kjk fd;s x;s v/;;u ds vuqlkj dqy U;kn'kZ esa ls 86 izfr'kr us ;g mRrj fn;k fd oa'k dks cuk;s j[kus ds fy, de ls de ,d iq= dk gksuk vfuok;Z gS vkSj tc iq=ksa dh okaNuh; la[;k iwNh x;h rks 25 izfr'kr us ,d] 40 izfr'kr us nks vkSj 21 izfr'kr us rhu ;k blls vf/kd iq=ksa dh la[;k ij cy fn;k A v/;;u ls ;g Hkh fu"d"kZ fudyk dh vf/kdka'k ifjokj yM+dk o yM+dh nksuksa pkgrs gSa A vr% lekt esa bl izdkj dh lkekftd fLFkfr yk;h tkuh pkfg, fd yM+dh Hkh yM+ds dh Hkkafr ekrk&firk ds fy, ,d ifjlEifRr lkfcr gks vkSj blds fy, dU;kvksa ls tqM+h ngst


‘>bM. PÆ‡ ™æb•TŸ yÎ ‘>bM. ka.yJ. PbCDC•TŸ

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izFkk ,oa vU; :f<+okfnrk dks lekIr djuk vko';d gS rFkk yM+dh ds fy, f'kkk ,oa jkstxkj dh O;oLFkk izkFkfedrk ds vk/kkj ij lqfuf”pr fd;k tkuk pkfg,] rkfd ekrk&firk nksuksa esa vUrj u dj ldsAII. tula[;k %

ns'k dk 26ok¡ jkT; NRrhlx<+] tula[;k dh n`f"V ls 17osa LFkku ij gS] 2001 dh tux.kuk ds vuqlkj NRrhlx<+ dh vkcknh 2 djksM+ 7 yk[k 95 gtkj 956 Fkh] tks ns'k dh dqy vkcknh dk 2-02 izfr'kr gS] blesa 1 djksM+ 4 yk[k 52 gtkj 426 iq:"k vkSj 1 djksM+ 3 yk[k 43 gtkj 530 fL=;k¡ gSa A ;fn jkT; dh tula[;k o`f/n nj dks ns[ks rks gesa irk pyrk gS fd lu~ 1991 dh tux.kuk ds vuqlkj N-x- ks= dh dqy vkcknh 1 djksM+ 76 yk[k 14 gtkj 928 Fkh] ftlesa iq:"kksa dh la[;k 88 yk[k 72 gtkj 620 vkSj fL=;ksa dh la[;k 87 yk[k 42 gtkj 308 FkhA bl rjg 1991&2001 dh n'kdh; o`f/n nj 18-06 izfr'kr jgh A ;fn 1981 ds tux.kuk dks ns[ksa rks jkT; esa 1 djksM+ 40 yk[k 10 gtkj 337 yksx fuokl djrs Fks] bl izdkj 1981&1991 esa n'kdh; o`f/n nj 25-73 izfr'kr ntZ dh tk ldrh gS] tcfd iwjs ns'k dh n'kdh; o`f/n nj 1981&1991 esa 23-86 izfr'kr 1991&2001 esa 21-39 izfr'kr jgh gS] bl izdkj ns'k ds lkFk rqyuk djsa rks NRrhlx<+ dh n'kdh; o`f/n nj dkQh de jgh gS] ftls rkfydk kjk ns[k ldrs gSa %&

o"kksZ a tula[;k nl o"khZ; izfr'kr ifjorZu fyaxkuqikr 1901 4181554 & 1046

1911 5121583 24-15 1039

1921 5264976 01-41 1041

1931 6028778 14-51 1043

1941 6814886 13-04 1032

1951 7456706 09-42 1024

1961 9154498 22-77 1008

1971 11637494 27-12 998

1981 14010337 20-39 996

1991 17614928 25-73 985

2001 20833803 18-06 990


DMV Journal


III. fyaxkuqikr %fyaxkuqikr ds ek;us esa NRrhlx<+ dh fLFkfr ns”k ds vU; jkT;ksa dh rqyuk esa vf/kd

larks'ktud ekuk tk ldrk gS A 2001 dh tux.kuk ls irk pyrk gS fd ns'k ds izfr gtkj iq:"kksa ij fL=;ksa dh la[;k 933 gS] tcfd NRrhlx<+ esa fyaxkuqikr 990 gS] tks ns'k dk rhljk ,slk jkT; gS] tgk¡ budk vuqikr lcls vf/kd gS] 1991 dh rqyuk esa tgk¡ ns'k dh L=h&iq:"kksa dk vuqikr 927 ls c<+dj o"kZ 2001 esa 933 gks x;k] ogha NRrhlx<+ esa L=h&iq:"k vuqikr 1991 ds Lrj 985 ls c<+dj 990 gks x;k A blh izdkj jkT; dh fyaxkuqikr o`f) nj ns'k dh o`f/n nj dh rqyuk esa de jgh gS A ;fn NRrhlx<+ jkT; esas ftyksa ds lanHkZ esa ns[ksa rks lcls vf/kd fyaxkuqikr jktukanxk¡o ¼1024½ ftys dh gS] tcfd lcls de dksfj;k ¼946½ ftys dh gS] ftls rkfydk kjk ns[kk tk ldrk gSa %&

NRrhlx<+ jkT; esa ftysokj tual[;k forj.k ,oa fyaxkuqikr 1991&2001

1991 2001 ftyk

dqy la[;k fyaxkuqikr dqy la[;k fyaxkuqikr

Koria 500758 926 585455 946

Surguja 1581872 966 1970661 972

Bilaspur 1674883 973 1993042 971

Korba 825891 952 1012121 964

Janjgeer Champa 1110200 1007 1316140 998

Jashpur 656352 1001 739780 999

Raigarh 1065939 1000 1265084 994

Kabirdham 513496 966 584667 1002

Rajnandgaon 1089047 1016 1281811 10211

Durg 2397134 967 2801757 982

Raipur 2529166 983 3009042 980

Mahasamund 791197 1015 860176 1018

Dhamtari 587679 1009 703569 1004

Kanker 532151 1000 651333 1005

Bastar 1116896 999 1302253 1011

Dantewara 622267 1009 719065 1016

Chhattisgarh 17614928 985 20795956 990


DMV Journal


rkfydk ls Li"V gksrk gS fd jkT; ds ftyksa esa fyaxkuqikr ,d leku ugha gS] cfYd blesa fo"kerk fn[kykbZ nsrk gS A ftu ftyksa esa jkT; ds vkSlr vuqikr ls de gS] muds uke dksfj;k ¼946½] ljxqtk ¼972½] fcykliqj ¼971½] dksjck ¼964½] nqxZ ¼982½] jk;iqj ¼980½] tcfd dqN ftyksa esa jkT; ds vkSlr vuqikr ls vf/kd gS] muds uke & txnyiqj ¼998½] t'kiqj ¼999½] jk;x<+ ¼994½] dchj/kke ¼1002½] jktukanxk¡o ¼1024½] egkleqan ¼1018½] /kerjh ¼1004½] dkadsj ¼1005½] cLrj ¼1011½] narsokM+k ¼1016½A bl izdkj blesa vlekurk fn[kkbZ nsrk gS AfcxM+rs fyaxkuqikr ds dkj.k %&cky fookg dh vf/kdrk Ade vk;q esa larkuksRifÙk A izlo laca/kh lqfo/kkvksa dk vHkko A xjhch dh vf/kdrk A ngst izFkk dk lekt esa gkoh gksuk Af'kkk dk vHkko ik;k tkuk A O;fDr dk lkekftd iwokZaxzg ls xzflr gksuk ALokLF; ds izfr vleku n`f"Vdks.k viukuk AmRrjkf/kdkj ds izfr ikikr iw.kZ O;ogkj Afu.kZ; dh Lora=rk u gksuk Alkekftd fiNM+siu dk vHkko A

IV. lq>ko %& fu"d"kZ ds :i esa dgk tk ldrk gS fd ,d ,slh uhfr viuk;h tk;s] ftlesa efgyk

dY;k.k] ekr`Ro ykHk] ckyfookg izFkk] ngst izFkk ,oa lkkjrk ij u dsoy dkuwu cus] cfYd dkuwuksa dh tkudkjh c<+kus ds lkFk gh bldks n`<+rkiwoZd ykxw odjus dk iz;kl fd;k tk;s rkfd bu laLFkkvksa ds izfr turk tkx:d o lrdZ gkss lds A vr% vko';drk bl ckr dh gS fd egkfo|ky; ,oa fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds izfrHkk'kkyh Nk=@Nk=kvksa dks iw.kZ izf”kfkr dj lekt ds yksxksa ds chp ,d mnkgj.k ds :i esa izLrqr fd;k tk lds ftlls buds kjk izkjEHk fd;k x;k dk;Z ,d tu vkUnksyu ds :i esa ifjofrZr gks lds A lkFk gh mUgsa xk¡oksa esa dSEi yxkus] izpkj&izlkj o izsfjr djus ds fy, mUgsa ekSdk fn;k tkuk pkfg,] rkfd lekt esa ifjorZu ds lkFk&lkFk tula[;k ,oa fyaxkuqikr dks lgh fd;k tk lds A

lanHkZ %&vkfFkZd ,oa lkaf[;dh; lapkyuky;] N-x-] 2005lanHkZ NRrhlx<+ & ns'kcU/kq] 2005 tux.kuk dk;Z] N-x-] jk;iqj] 2001“;kekpj.k nqcs & ekuo ,oa laLd`frS.C Dubey The Community Development Programme in India. P-225


DMV Journal


“PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF AROMATIC INDUSTRY IN CHHATTISGARH”

Dr. NARAYANI

Asstt. Professor, Economics Durga College, Raipur (C.G.)

Introduction

Forest eco-system have been and still continue to be the store houses of

medicinal and aromatic plant resources in India. The indigenous people through their

traditional eco knowledge have used barks and fruits of trees, leaves, roots flowers and their

parts of major and miner plants and tree species extensively. The knowledge acquired by tribal

indigenous people is the result of thousands of years of experience transferred from one

generation to another or various indigenous medicinal and aromatic plants growing around

their habits. They have survived the natural forests for meeting the day to day requirements of

fruits, for fibre, spices, medicines, aroma etc. over years. The traditional societies have

managed medicinal and aromatic resources over millennia on a sustainable basis under

community based management system. However in the colonial and post independence era

with the degradation of forest resources a large number of wild medicinal and aromatic plants

have considerably depleted and the importance of traditional medicinal and aromatic system

was also largely ignored.

Management of medicinal/aromatic plants and Industry based on them

depends on desining the appropriate industrial structure and government policy.

PROSPECTS OF AROMATIC INDUSTRY IN CHHATTISGARH

Organized cultivation of aromatic plants is now widely practiced in India.

There is a very good prospects in Chhattisgarh as well many aromatic plants are already

available in Bastar region of Chhattisgarh. Mentha arverisis mentha spicata, citronella jawa

type, Tulsi, Khas and Lemon grass etc. are essential oil bearing plants. Jasmine, Rose and

other flowers are already cultivated in Chhattisgarh for aromatic use and cultivation should be

commercially take up as big aromatic industry.

There is traditional methods 'Deg and Bhapka' System of making Attars


DMV Journal


(Perfume) in Chhattisgarh. Now we can use new technology for making attars in large scale.

We can also establish other industries like making shampoos, hair oils, Shops and many other

cosmetics on the basis of there aromatic plants.

PROBLEMS AND WORK REQUIRED

Aromatic Industry is not a established industry till now in Chhattisgarh. There

are many problems and a lot of work has to be done for establishing this industry.

Main problematic areas and the work required to done can be summarized as follows :-

1. Correct botanical identification of the varieties of indigenous raw materials.

2. Chemical screening of flora for new sources of essential oil.

3. Cultivation and exploitation of these resources for commercial purposes and aromatic

industries.

4. Creation of equipment and process design facility.

5. Standardization and marketing of aromatic plants, both from wild as well as cultivated

sources are also necessary.

6. Creation of Customer services and quality control is also necessary.

7. Creation of data base Information sources for both producers and customer.

Conclusion

The raw material for the synthetic perfumery and flavor are mainly derived

from petro-chemicals. The price are currently rising due to fear of crude oil shortage. A large

number of synthetic compounds have been proven to be toxic. So today, a shift is taking place

in favour of natural renewable raw materials.

Many aromatic plants are already available in Chhattisgarh. Many can be

cultivate also for aromatic industry. There is very good prospects for aromatic industry in

Chhattisgarh.

It is hoped that the issues suggested in this study may help in sensitizing the

scientist, community and policy makers to process regarding the utilization of aromatic plant

forests resources for industrial development of Chhattisgarh.


DMV Journal


REFERENCES

1. Bakkaru, H.K. : “Herbal Trade Seal” Orient paper box, New Delhi (1999).

2. Marothin, D.K. : “Prosperity Regimes in Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Resources :

Some Policy Issues (1997).

3. Jain, Bhagchand : “Chhattisgarh me Aashadhiya Tel Ki Sambhavnaye” IGKVV

Seminar Abstract, Raipur (1997).

4. Narayani Shrivastava : “Aushadhiya Faslen” Paper presented at National

Conffference of Social Coimbatore, 1999.

5. Farasi, A.A., and Ramu, B.S. : “Cultivation of Medicinal and Aromatic Crops”

University Press, Hyderabad (2001).

6. Tripathi Rajaram : “Problems of Medicinal and Aromatic forming sector” National

Seminar proceeding, IGKVV, Raipur (2005).

7. Parikh, S.K. : “Managing the Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Diversity” National

Seminar proceedings, IGKVV, Raipur (2005).


DMV Journal


Science and Technology and Indian Women

Dr. Rajesh Shukla & Dr. Anita Rajpuria

Head Deptt. of Sociology, Durga College, Raipur (C.G.) Professor & Head Deptt. of Sociology. Govt. B.C.S. College, Dhamtari (C.G.)

Women play a crucial role in the socio-economic development of a country. In India, female

workforce has to play a vital role in its development. However, they are unable to play their roles

properly because of the discrimination at all levels. For the last two decades, the Indian

economy has seen sea changes in technologies the restructuring of economy has affected

women in various ways and the process is on. The improvement in technology is a must for

survival in a competitive world. Introduction of state of the art technologies has had its toll on

women’s employment opportunities, working conditions and wages.

The Indian women’s role as an active worker, producer of goods and services has not

been duly recognized by this male dominated society. From time immemorial, Indian women

have been working with their male counterparts in sowing seeds, weeding, transplanting,

watering the fields, harvesting the crops, tending cattle, poultry keeping and also helping in

family enterprises like bidi making, rope making, pottery etc.

A majority of women workers in India are employed in the agrarian sector. The

introduction of modern methods of cultivation has affected women’s employment prospects

drastically. In agricultural operations, modern farm machinery and equipment viz, tractors,

diesel engine driven water pumps, power tillers, irrigation equipment, sickle etc. which are

highly efficient and economic, have come to stay and these have virtually eliminated the

process of manual ploughing, harvesting, thrashing etc. where women used to find

employment. This type of capital intensive farming has resulted not only in displacement of

female labour but also in the real wages of the workers.

Coming to the organized sector, the textile industry is one of the oldest manufacturing

industries in India. With the introduction of modern technologies and automation, the women

workers in this sector have suffered the main onslaught only because of lack of education and

training in modern machinery and technologies. As compared to textile industry . The Jute

industriy did not face rapid modernization, but whenever modernization took place, it took

heavy toll of women worker’s job. New technologies have also threatened women’s

employment in plantation industry, mines and factories.

In the small scale industries also, new machinery tends to displace women from their


DMV Journal


former jobs to other jobs of low productivity and low wage jobs. New technologies have

adversly affected women workers employed in the traditional handicrafts and cottag industries.

Modern age is the age of science and technology. Conditions of living have changed

from ground level to the top. But rural women in India have the double disadvanteges of, (1)

Gender Discrimination and (2) Rural Backwardness. Science and Technology has although

endeavoured to put rural women in mainstream through different programmes of eduction,

training and skill formation but so far the coverage is not at all up to the mark.

The origin of technology is way back in the Stone Age when men made fire with stones,

clothes with bark of trees and used implements of stone. With the flicker of the first fire by men,

technology was born and with the invention of the wheel, it started its long journey. All these are

due to the development of science related to material culture to better human life and the way in

which it is done is technology. The contribution of science and technology to reduce the

drudgery in women’s work and specially that of rural women is manifold. Women in general and

rural women in particular, for centuries have been doing the unenviable task of carrying water

from taps to the doorsteps. Electrification has brought light in the place of darkness.

Introduction and success of any technology and fifty years of planning in India has brought

many boon to the people providing programmes for billions of houseless, cluster of low cost

rural houses with special amenities like smokeless kitchen, sanitary latrines and portable

water.

Development implies absorption of the most modern techniques at the most basic

level of our society. Rural development denotes total all-round socio-economic development of

rural peoples. Since 1950 and especially, the Ninth Five year Plan has specially sought to

empower women and socially disadvanteged groups as agents of socio-economic change and

development of women and children. Special programmes and schemes have been

introduced by the Government. Most developing countries have undertaken multiple

programmes for rural development but the benefits are unevenly distributed and it affects

inequaliy between men and women among different section of population. One reason given

for lack of recognition of women’s role and contribution to the rural economy, is the prevalence

of a gender bias in development planning and administration.

Development of women can not be separated from or viewed in isolation from the

development of the whole community. Nor can separate programmes for women be detached

from general programmes to achieve the objectives, even they were provided with adequate

resources.

Women Development Corporations, under the Development of Women and Children

programmes of Government Of India has their objectives of provision of better employment

avenues for women so as to bring them into main stream of national development. Another

scheme is on support to training and employment programme (STEP) for women under the


DMV Journal


Department of Women and Children. Central Social Board conduct training programmes for

rural women in public corporations. Its objectives are to identify the need of women in rural and

backword areas through surveys and to orient them through training camps in a manner in

which they can involve themselves to meet their needs in the field of social-welfare and social

development activities.

A scheme of science and technology foe women is undertaken by the Department of

Science and technology for specific objectives of promoting the application of science and

technology to improve the living conditions of women and ensuring a greater involvement of

women in fields relating to science and technology. The effectiveness of the designd training

course needs review every year as the technology is changing very fast . Moreover, the

authorities must make sure that women from all regions are adequately covered under the

training programmes. Otherwise, the gap between male and female employment in industries,

plantation, agricultura and in other technological areas wiil keep on widening further.

The Union Government and Science Academies propose to scout for women

scientists, who will act as role models to younger women keen to pursue career in science. The

government and academies believe that the portrayal of success stories will help in reversing

the trend of women branching off to other field or abruptly calling off their scientific pursuits.

Incentives are being proposed in the form of Fellowships and Support Systems at work places

to project science as an attracive career for women. The thinking to encourage more women to

take up science was prompted by a report of the Indian National Science Academy . The report

threw up several disturbing facts. The study points out the limited access of women in science

related careers as well as the ‘glassselling’ in thier profession. The report shows that there

has been a marked increase in women preferring commerce and arts to science in

Universities. Most women, who qualify to study science, either take up teaching jobs or faculty

positions in institutions. In most IITs, the number of female students are less than 10% of the

total number and agriculture and technical universities have less than 20%. The group of role

models will double up as counselors as well. The societal pressures and those within the

institutions mount just as a woman’s career takes off. So, renowned scientists can talk to the

youngsters on how to manage a career and family. It is also thought to offer women flexi-time

and the option to return to Science with three to five years breaks. In most cases, the women

are forced to quit and move because their husbands are employed elsewhere. Structural and

administrative changes are being proposed in many organizations to facilitate more women to

work in them.

One of the crucial determinants of sex segragation in the labour force is the different

qualifications with males and females are endowed. Most of the jobs that women do can be

seen as an extension of the traditional pattern like housewife, catering, hairdressing and some

are now employed in nursing, office work, teching, textile industries etc. Women are also


DMV Journal


taking part in manufacturing where they deal with food, pickle, shoe industries, tailoring, basket

making etc. Few have taken up courses like Engineering, Earth Science, Medical, Pilot. Few

pursuit career in Science and Technology due to social and cultural attitude, lack of requisite

educational qualification and other facilities. Development of women mainly depends on the

development of human resources. Development of human resources, in turns, depends on

education and health. There is a wide gap in male and female literacy both in the rural and

urban areas. The education pattern is highly skewed in favour of arts as traditional science

courses could not proviede employment.

In the political field, we find that most of elected women are daughters, wives, mothers,

daughters-in-laws of the most powerful and influential man in the village and the urban areas.

Education and health of women can proportionately reduce poverty through substantial

economic and social pay-off. It leads to higher productivity and efficient use of resources. It

contributes environmentally sustainable development. It produces social gain, lower fertility,

better household nutrition and helps to reduce infant, child and maternal mortality.

It is general opinion that modern technology hurts female labour because modern

technology is not compatible with women’s development. Women have to be empowered with

the kind of skill to move from one rung to another higher one to raise their position in economic

activity. In the implementation mechanism of policies for women, the qualitative impact on

changing women’s perception has to be emphasized. Women have limited access to

technological inputs because of the general notion regarding their inability to adopt new

technologies. Unequal division of labour on the farm is reinforced by unequal division of labour

in the household and working women bear the double over-burden. Through science and

technology have entered almost every aspect of our life, technologies such as machine

production, bio-technology, information technology, energy technology, technologies of open

and distance learning - the impact is not uniform on all groups of society. Several studies show

that the introduction of new tecnologies like high yielding varities (HYV) has increased the use

of female workers. Women’s access to use-right is not secured. Women also face restriction in

credit from financial institutions, which limit the potential for increasing the productive

contribution of those groups, distort the distribution of income and asset ownership. As has

been already mentioned in many cases, new technologies displaced women from their

traditional jobs and forced them to take up jobs with less pay.

From our common observation we can say that mainly three common elements

affecting the well-being of rural women are (1) rapid population growth, (2) nuclearization of

families and (3) accentuation of rural poverty. Rural women’s contribution to the economy is

generally underestimated. Technological development has adversly affected women for

various reasons. They have no technical training and knowledge which affect women adversly


DMV Journal


with the demand from growing market. There is need for modifying traditional methods and

istruments to comprehend the complex relationship with the family. It is feasible to widen and

diversity women’s income eraning oppurtunities through introdution of improved technologies.

Need of women are holistic and responses to thier problems must take note of their needs.

Present approach to the problem of women, specially poor women, is sectoral and fragmented.

It hass to be replaced with a holistic and integrated approach. Poverty among women is both

cause and effect of the backwardness of women. Poverty reduction is the right approach to

raise their status, but it should be accompanied with other schemes like promoting literacy,

social awareness, better nutrition and health, social security, technological training etc. Women

are not to be confined to the low level of technology trap. Rural women should be at centre of

strategies to transform the vicious circle of poverty into a wider circle of growth. Women’s active

participation in participatory technological development will have to be ensured in the days to

come.

References

1. Ananda Lakshmy , Nandita Choudhary and Neerja Sharma, (eds). researching families

and children : culturally appropriate methods, New Delhi, Sage Publication India Pvt. Ltd.

2008.

2. Kandiyoti, Deniz , 1988, “Bargaining with patriarchy” Gender and Society 2

(3 special Issue in honour of jessie Bernard) 274-90

3. Rajeswari, Sunder Rajein, Real and Imagined women (London and Newyork, Routledge,

1993

4. Mourya S.D., Women in India , 1988, Chugh Publication , Allahabad.

5. Krishna Bhowmik, 2006, Indian women the ushering of a new Dawn, Mittal Publication,

New Delhi.

6. Globalisation and women, 2005, http:/1www.davidh well.com.

7. Harshida Pandit, 1985, women of India , An Annotated Bibliography, Garland, New Yark.

8. Croll, elisabeth, 2000, Endangered daughters : Discrimination and Delopment in Asia,

Combridge, Combridge University Press.


DMV Journal


GLOBALISATION, YOUTH AND HIGHER EDUCATION

Dr. Aman Jha

Asstt. Professor, Department of Political Science, Durga Mahavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.)

Under the prevailing global forces, higher education institutions everywhere are

subjects to global trends. Universities now encounter far more challenges than ever before, 1and are subjected to unprecedented levels of external scrutiny.

The use of a globalised knowledge-based economy has brought universities in many 2countries under closer scrutiny for the economic constitution they make. Governments have

been particularly concerned that universities serve national interests in the global market

place. There is an international tendency to emphasise the practical, technical value of higher

education. While such a tendency is often welcomed by so-called applied disciplines, it causes

tensions between the more profitable applied subjects of science and technology, and those of

basic theoretical enquire, particularly arts and humanities subjects. It also creates institutional

winners and losers.

Under the impact of globalising market forces, there has been a general trends

towards the reduction of per capita public funding to higher education at a time when the 3system is still expanding at both the initial and the 'life-long learning' levels. The burden of

funding higher education is being shifted more and more to the shoulders of the 'individual on a

users-pay' basis.

Lately, of course, information technology has driven a phenomenon that is inexorably 4

transforming the worldwide higher education enterprise. Technology-delivered instruction is

described as 'convenient', 'self-paced', 'individualised and interactive', 'faster and cheaper', 5'flexible as to time and space'.

During a time of substantial decline in levels of public funding, the current 6globalisation of higher education is mainly motivated by profits. The largest market is overseas

student education, which is now a multi-million dollar business. The financial impact of

international students has becomes so important, that these costs are increasingly considered

in overall financial management, and the international students market is becoming a major 7force in designing educational programmes.

1. Effects of Globalization on Higher Education

(1) Globalization of higher education is basically desirable because it provides such merits as

offering diversified learning opportunities to people throughout the world.

(2) At the same time, we should be aware of such demerits as the difficulty of assessing the


DMV Journal


content, quality, and reliability of higher education provided beyond national boundaries.

(3) This issue tends to be discussed from the standpoint of trade. But it is essential to listen

to and sufficiently take into consideration how people related to education observe the

issue.

2. Coping with Globalization of Higher Education

(1) We should cope with the issue, by making the best use of its merits while suppressing its

demerit as much as possible.

(2) First and foremost, it is important to consider the issue with the view not only of

promoting educational liberalization but also of maintaining and improving the quality of

higher education.

(3) In addition, a basic stance in considering the issue should be the protection of learners.

In other words, it is necessary to provide the information that learners in each country

can use in making judgments and choosing suitable higher education services.

(4) Of course, there should be a variety of approaches in the specific implementation of the

direction mentioned above, taking into consideration the differences in educational

administration systems in individual countries.

3. Concrete and Detailed Measures

(1) Given the above, I would like to propose the following concrete and detailed measures :

1. To construct an information supply network on cross-border higher education. This

network will use university evaluation organs in each country to share and supply

information related to curricula, degrees, credits and others, which are necessary for

learners to choose their own suitable higher education.

2. To cooperate and make efforts jointly with task force and other organizations.

(2) Implementing the measures I've mentioned so far, we need to take full advantage of the

benefits of globalization and further improve the quality level of higher education. To this

end, I would like to strongly recommend that country tackle this important issue through

cooperation and joint effort.

References :

1. Axford, B. 1995. The Global System.

2. Brandel, F. 1980. On History.

3. Day, M. 2001. The Global Strait jacket.

4. Giddens, A. 1999. Runaway World.

5. Marcuse, P. 1995. Globalisation's Forgotten Dimensions.

6. Spyhey, T. 1996. Globalisation and World Society.

7. Waters, M. 1995. Globalisation.


DMV Journal


N-x- yksd fuekZ.k foHkkx ds dk;Zdyki dk v/;;u lsrq fuekZ.k eaMy ds lanHkZ esa

MkW- vk'kh"k nqcs

P´b. ±–b«‡b±•T, Îb<L¢‡ <ÎBb≥, £È≥b∂ •TbMJCÆ, Ÿb‡±NŸ (n>.≥.)

Hkkjr esa fczfV'k 'kklu dky esa lu~ 1786 dks fefyVªh cksMZ dk xBu fd;k x;k FkkA bl dky esa fefyVªh cksMZ yksd fuekZ.k dk;ksZa ds fy, mRrjnk;h FkkA yksd fuekZ.k dk;ksZa dks vf/kd izHkko'kkyh cukus ds fy, lu~ 1854 esa rRdkyhu fczfV'k ljdkj kjk yksd fuekZ.k foHkkx dk xBu fd;k x;kA ml le; bl foHkkx ds dk;ksZa esa lM+d fuekZ.k] Hkou fuekZ.k] jsYos foHkkx dk fuekZ.k dk;ksZa ds lkFk&lkFk ck<+ fu;a=.k] flapkbZ fodkl ,oa foLrkj rFkk lSU; dk;ksZa ds laiknu gsrq fuekZ.k dk;ksZa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;kA lu~ 1854 esa bl foHkkx ds xBu ds i'pkr~ Hkkjrh; miegkhi esa lqfu;ksftr fuekZ.k dk;ksZa dk egRoiw.kZ fodkl gqvkA lu~ 1947 esa Hkkjr ikfdLrku foHkktu ds le; ikfdLrku esa dsUnzh; 'kklu ds fy, fuekZ.k dk;ksZa dk nkf;Ro yksd fuekZ.k foHkkx dks gh lkSaik x;kA

lu~ 1971 esa 'kkldh; Hkouksa ds fuekZ.k ,oa mfpr j[kj[kko ds fy, yksd fuekZ.k foHkkx dks nks vyx&vyx Hkkxksa esa foHkDr dj fn;k x;k ftUgsa 1977 esa iqu% feykdj ,d dj fn;k x;kA yksd fuekZ.k foHkkx ds fuekZ.k dk;Z dsoy 'kgjksa rd gh lhfer ugha FksA bl foHkkx kjk fiNM+s ks=ksa] xkaoksa esa Hkh yxkrkj fodkl ij fuekZ.k dk;Z fd;k tkrk jgk ftlds dkj.k fiNM+s ks=ksa dk Hkh rsth ls fodkl gqvk rFkk yk[kksa jkstxkj ds u;s volj Hkh miyC/k gq, ftls ns'k esa tulkekU; ds thou Lrj dk Hkh fodkl gqvk rFkk ns'k fodkl'khy ns'kksa ds vfxze iafDr esa 'kkfey gqvkA

1 uoEcj 1956 esa e/;izns'k jkT; ds xBu ds i'pkr~ jkT; yksd fuekZ.k foHkkx dks rhu Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;kA1- yksd fuekZ.k foHkkx & bl foHkkx ds dk;ksZa esa jkT; esa lM+d fuekZ.k dk;Z] 'kkldh; Hkouksa ds

fuekZ.k dk;Z rFkk iqy fuekZ.k dk;Z dks 'kkfey fd;k x;kA2- yksd LokLF; ;kaf=dh foHkkx & bl foHkkx ds dk;ksZa esa ty iznk; dk;Z rFkk ty fudklh dk;ksZa

dks 'kkfey fd;k x;kA3- flapkbZ foHkkx dk;Z & bl foHkkx ds dk;ksZa esa cka/k dk fuekZ.k dk;Z rFkk ugjksa ds fuekZ.k dk;ksZa

dks 'kkfey fd;k x;kA1 uoEcj 2000 esa N-x- jkT; ds xBu ds i'pkr~ izns'k esa fuekZ.k dk;ksZa dks xfr ,oa lqn`<+rk


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iznku djus ds fy, lEiw.kZ jkT; dks 4 ks=ksa esa foHkkftr fd;k x;kA1- jk;iqj ifjks=2- txnyiqj ifjks=3- fcykliqj ifjks=4- jk"Vªh; jktekxZ ,oa lsrq fuekZ.k ifjks=o"kZ 2007 esa fodkl dk;ksZa dh xfr c<+kus ds fy, mijksDr ifjks=ksa dk iquxZBu dj ik¡p

ifjks=ksa dk fuekZ.k fd;k x;kA1- jk;iqj Hkou@lM+d ifjks=2- txnyiqj Hkou@lM+d ifjks=3- fcyklqij Hkou@lM+d ifjks=4- lsrq ifjks= jk;iqj5- jk"Vªh; jkT;ekxZ ifjks=] jk;iqjN-x- jkT; ds LFkkiuk ds i'pkr~ fodkl dks vf/kd xfr nsus ds fy, yksd fuekZ.k foHkkx ds

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yksd fuekZ.k foHkkx ds lsrq fuekZ.k eaMy jk;iqj ds izeq[k fuekZ.k dk;ksZa esa vkekukdk vksoj fczt fuekZ.k dk;Z tks 24 Qjojh 2006 dks izkjaHk gksdj 15 vDVwcj 2009 dks iw.kZ gqvk ftldk yksdkiZ.k 18 vDVwcj 2009 dks fd;k x;kA bl lsrq dh fuekZ.k ykxr dqy 1800 yk[k #i;s dh Fkh bl lsrq dh fuekZ.k iw.kZ gks tkus ij bl ks= ds vkokxeu ds ncko dks de djus esa lQyrk feyhA blh izdkj eksok jsyos fczt dk fuekZ.k dk;Z tkjh gSA

lsrq fuekZ.k eaMy dh izeq[k miyfC/k;ksa esa xqf<+;kjh vaMj fczt dk fuekZ.k Hkh 'kkfey gSA ftldh fuekZ.k ykxr 1975 yk[k #i;s gSA [kerjkbZ vksoj fczt dk fuekZ.k Hkh eaMy dh izeq[k miyfC/k;ksa esa 'kkfey gSA bl lsrq dk fuekZ.k 5 Qjojh 2002 dks izkjaHk dj 25 tuojh 2004 dks iw.kZ dj fy;k x;kA eaMy ds vU; izeq[k fuekZ.k dk;ksZa esa /ku xkao lgliqjh ekxZ esa ekaM unh iqy fuekZ.k dk;Z] nqxZ /ke/kk csesrjk ekxZ esa lsrq fuekZ.k] jk;x<+] iqlkSj] lwjtx<+ ekxZ esa egkunh ij lsrq fuekZ.k dk;Z 'kkfey gSA

v/;;u ls Li"V gqvk fd jkT; fuekZ.k ds iwoZ yksd fuekZ.k foHkkx dk dk;Z larks"ktud ugha


DMV Journal


FkkA jkT; fuekZ.k ds i'pkr~ vk/kkj Hkwr fuekZ.k dk;ksZa esa i;kZIr xfr vkbZ tks jkT; ds fodkl ds fy, ykHknk;d jgkA jkT; fuekZ.k ds i'pkr~ foHkkx dk dk;ksZa ds vk/kkj ij fodsUnzh;dj.k fd;k x;k rFkk dk;ksZa ds vk/kkj ij izR;sd Hkkxksa ds fy, i`Fkd foRrh; O;oLFkk laxBukRed O;oLFkk fd;k x;k tks jkT; esa fodkl ds fy, vk/kkjHkwr lajpuk cukus esa lgk;d jgkA yksd fuekZ.k foHkkx kjk fd;s x;s fuekZ.k dk;Z tulkekU; ds thou 'kSyh dks vkjkenk;d rFkk ljy cukus esa lQy jgk gSA v/;;u ls Li"V gqvk gS fd N-x- yksd fuekZ.k foHkkx foxr o"kksZa esa fu/kkZfjr y;ksa dk 90 izfr'kr izkIr djus esa lQy jgk gS tks foHkkx dh vR;Ur egRoiw.kZ miyfC/k gSA

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mfpr fu;a=.k j[kk tk ldsA4- ifj;kstuk fuekZ.k dk;ksZa ds fy, foRr fu;kstu i;kZIr fd;k tkuk pkfg, rkfd ifj;kstuk

fuekZ.k dk;ksZa esa fdlh izdkj dh :dkoV u gksA5- fuekZ.k dk;Z fu/kkZfjr ekud Lrj dk gksuk pkfg, rkfd mudk ykHk tu lkekU; dks yEcs le;

rd izkIr gks ldsA6- fuekZ.k dk;ksZa dk ewY;kadu le;≤ ij fd;k tkuk pkfg, rkfd fuekZ.k dk;Z fu/kkZfjr

fu;kstu ds vuq:i gks rFkk dk;Z ls lacaf/kr leL;kvksa dk iwokZuqeku yxkdj nwj fd;k tk ldsA

LkanHkZ XkzaFk1- ,l-ds- tSu & e/;izns'k ,oa NRrhlx<+ yksd fuekZ.k foHkkx dk;Z

fu;ekoyh2- MkW- Mh-,l- c?ksy & lkekftd vuqla/kku3- yksd fuekZ.k foHkkx & izxfr izfrosnu 2007&08

& izxfr izfrosnu 2008&09& izxfr izfrosnu 2009&10


DMV Journal


DEPICTION OF MODERN LIFE IN

“WAITING FOR GODOT”

Smt. Yogita Lonare & Dr. Madhu Kamra

Asstt. Professor, Department of English, Durga Mahavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.)Head, Department of English, Durga Mahavidyalaya, Raipur (C.G.)

The legend of modern dramatists Samuel Beckett's the most outstanding play “Waiting for

Godot” published in 1954 in which he has depicted the modern life through various ways. He has

revealed every aspect of human life through plot, characters and stage direction.

Waiting for Godot is a plotless drama. There is no proper beginning, no logical sequence,

no culmination as a life of man. The stage direction is bare atmosphere which implies the emptiness

of man's life. Sometimes there is a long 'silence' to express the boredom of life.

Through the play Beckett presents the picture of degradedmankind. There are four

characters- Vladimir, Estrogen, Pozzo and Lucky who represent the meaninglessness of life

Vladimir and Estrogen are supposed to be the two phases of community. Through Vladimir one can

see the spiritual part of life. He projects qualities like carefulness, consciousness about his work and

no concern for his future. He is a believer in reality and disbeliever in rubbish. He is capable of being

sensitive to others like he cares for Estrogon; he provides him food; tries to give him shelter like a

mother. On the contrary Estrogen is selfish, he never thinks of others except his own suffering and

complains his suffering constantly. Most of the people are selfish and hence this is a bitter but real

view of life.

Vladimir suffers from some disorder of kidneys, which causes him pain, so whenever he

tries to laugh loudly he cannot and he has to be contented to a faint smile. The situation resembles

the big reality on the earth that man can never be happy wholly and so, despite all delights, he

cannot enjoy peacefully. This makes suffering is an inseparable part of life.

VLADIMIR. We have to come back tomorrow

ESTROGON. What for ?

VLADIMIR. To wait for Godot

ESTROYON. Ah ! (Silence) He didn't come ?

VLADIMIR. No (148)Pozzo is a prototype of several personages. He always speaks with arrogance. Pozzo and

Lucky are tied to each other in a bond of master-slave relationship. Pozzo's behavior towards Lucky is supposed to be like a tyrant and Lucky also feels proud to behave like a slave. This relationship is


DMV Journal


deplorable yet the fact is that they resemble society in whole. Pozzo has no respect for Lucky, like the high-class people in society towards the subordinate class. Lucky also accepts suffering because he has an illusion that he exists, but his existence is worse than that of death. Pozzo treats Lucky like an animal, he drives Lucky with baggage and Lucky feels glad to carry baggage that belongs to Pozzo. This implies the slavery on the earth, because when Lucky gets a chance to escape from Pozzo's tyranny, he does not have guts to free himself from slavery, because he becomes habitually he is ensleved. Most of the relationships on the earth are like that of Pozzo and Lucky, because Pozzos are everywhere, then how would man escape from such a muddledon.

It does not matter that Lucky like people are completely foolish. They have such qualities that surfaces suddenly. Lucky's long speech reveals his philosophical and self-thinking nature. He says that man has been able to make a position in the universe. Alongwith he sustains Pozzo's cruel and tyrant behavior

Pozzo is has an illusory feeling of being powerful and permanence, but it is not true, because in second act he becomes blind and this resembles man's transitory power, not everlasting. The most tragic issue is, when Lucky's power goes on decreasing as a result Pozzo wants to sell Lucky. This show the selfish and self centred nature of man. Pozzo and Lucky are the pair of contrast one is exploiter and the other an exploited respectively.

Beckett's protagonists are the victims of the meaningless universe. They are waiting for Godot who never comes. The most peculiar thing is they do not know who and what Godot is. In one's view, it may be God of hope for which man waits throughout life. They are ignorant and being ignorant they are unable to do rational activities, so they are impotent like mankind.. with little hope they suffer incessantly and often think of suicide but do not have the courage to struck by boredon. They play mischief to kill the time. Human life is like a bundle of such mischievous activities.

Vladimir: They represent all mankind; let us represent worthily for once the fool brood to which a cruel fate consigned us. (63)

Thus the man's condition on the earth is like the two tramps. His life is pointless and purposeless. Sometime he is in dilemma, which causes despair and pessimism.

Beekett's protagonists are symbols of sick culture through which one can perceive his position in life. They are not able to move from where they stand and this situation represents human condition that they cannot go anywhere leaving this universe. Beckett himself says, “There is no escape form the hours and the day. Neither from tomorrow nor from yesterday”. Man has to live, suffer and die here. Beekett himself implies that we should suffer gladly “A tribute to man's endurance"

Work CitedMalik Javed - Waiting for Godot : A tragicomedy in Two Acts.Delhi : Oxford University Press.


DMV Journal


Ekkul ds ckydk.M esa xq:rRo

MkW- uhfyek “kekZ

xq: f”k'; ds laca/k esa jkepfjrekul o “kkL= esa cgqr Li'V gS A jke ds leku gh xq: dks Hkh egRo fn;k x;k gS] vfirq jke dks fo”o dk xq: Lohdkj fd;k x;k gS A dgha rks jke xq: dh Hkkafr mins”k nsrs fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa] tSls ckydk.M esa ln~xq: Kku] fojkx] tksx ds vj.; dk.M esa ye.kth dks ;k mRrjdk.M esa ukxfjdksa dks rFkk dgha f”k'; cudj txr dks f”k'; ds drZO; dk fØ;kRed mins”k nsrs gSa] D;ksafd jke gh og vukfn psru rRo gS] tks izR;sd thoksa esa xq: :i esa dk;Z”khy gksdj] thounkrk gS rFkk vUrtkZxzr gksdj eqfDr dk ekxZ iz”kLr djrk gS A Kku oSjkX; rFkk ;ksx] vUrxZq: jke ds gh vkfJr gSa] tho jke ds gkFk esa dBiqryh ds leku vius upkus okys ds ladsrkuqlkj ukpus ij foo'k gS A ekul esa xq: dk xgu vk/;kfRed fØ;kRed jgL; Nqik gqvk gS A lkjk txr gh jke:ih xq: dk f”k'; gS A txr ds lHkh xq:vksa esa jke gh mUgs xq:Ro iznku djrs gSa A jke rhuksa dkyksa esa gh xq:vksa ds xq: gSa A l% ,'k% iwoZ'kkefi* ogh jke gh iwoZ esa ftrus Hkh xq: gq, gSa] muds Hkh xq: gSa rFk mudh bl fLFkfr dk dky ls voNsnu ugha gksrk A ,slk ;ksx n”kZu izek.k gS A

ôUns cks/ke;a fuR;a xq:a “kadj :fi.ke~ A ;ekfJrks fg oØks·fi pUnz% loZ= oU|rs AA^

vFkkZr~ Kkue; fuR; “kadj:ih xq: dh eSa oUnuk djrk gw¡] ftuds vkfJr gksus ls gh Vs<+k pUnzek Hkh loZ= ofUnr gksrk gS A

“kadj vFkkZr~ bZ”oj fuR; ,oa Kku Lo:i gS] ogh xq: gS] tks fd thoksa esa pSrU; “kfDr ds :i esa dk;Z”khy gS A ogh pSrU;”kadj :ih xq:] thoksa esa mudh cqf) ls ;qDr gksdj fopkj] foosd iznku djrk gS] fp= ls ;qDr gksdj txr dk n`'Vk curk gS] “kjhj ls ;qDr gksdj izkjC/k dk HkksDrk curk gS] bfUnz;ksa ls ;qDr gksdj drkZ gksrk gS rFkk “kq) vkRek:i esa fLFkr gksdj] ml lkjs O;kikj dks ewdn`'Vk Hkh gksrk gS A ogh xq::ih psruk] txnkfHkeq[kh izokfgr gksdj tho ds fy, Hkksx] rFkk vUreqZ[kh gksdj vioxZ dk ekxZ iz”kLr djrh gS A vUrxqZ: ds izfrtho ;U=or~ gS A

ftl izdkj “kadj ds ekFks ij fojkteku pUnzek Vs<+k gksus ij Hkh] loZ= oUnuh; gksrk gS] mlh izdkj tks tho xq: ds fy, dk;Z djrk gS] lc dqN xq: dk gh le>rk gS] deZ&lk/ku lHkh dqN xq: dh izlUurk ds fy, gh djrk gS] og txr esa eku ikrk gS A mlh dks xq: ds ?kj esa vknj izkIr gksrk gS A ogh fpRr dh izlUurk vftZr dj lq[kh gksrk gS vFkkZr~ xq: ds leku gh og Hkh loZ= iwT;uh;] vknj.kh; gks tkrk gS A


P´b. ±–b«‡b±•T, <É£a, £È≥b∂ Ó´b<ÎÀbJ‡, Ÿb‡±NŸ (n>.≥.)

DMV Journal


ckydk.M esa /kuqHkZax ,oa okfVdk o.kZu ds vfrfjDr xq:&firq&ekrk* vFkok xq:&firq&ekrq* dh t;h esa Hkh mUgksus izk;% loZ= gh xq: dks izkFkfedrk nh gS A êksjs rqe izHkq xq:&firq&ekrk] xq:&firq&ekrq cpu izfrikyS* xq:&firq&ekrq cU/kq lqj&lkbZa A* ln`”k iafDr;ksa esa vusd ckj bl rF; dh iqf'V ns[kh tkrh gS A

ekul esa xq: laca/kh vkn”kZ viuh Å¡pkbZ esa bruk egku gS fd /kuqHkZax ds volj ij tc jke dks vius f”kkkxq: fo”okfe= ds pj.kksa esa izR;kr% iz.kke djus dk volj ugha feyrk]rks ge ns[krs gSa fd os ,d ckj eulk* mu pj.kksa esa ureLrd gq, fcuk /kuqHkZax ds fy, vkxs ugha c<+rs A

^xq:fg izuke eufg eu dhUgk A vfr yk?ko mBk; /kuq yhUgk* vkRek dk tUe xq: nsrk gS A bZ”oj gh xq: :i esa izdV gksrk gS A czg ~eosRrkvksa esa Js'B

n;klkxj xq:nso dh “kj.k esa tkdj ftKklq dks vkRefLrRo dk fopkj djuk pkfg, Afgrl`tu xq:DR;k xPNr% LoLFk ;qDR;k fo'k;:ih fo'ke ekxZ esa pyus okys fgrS'kh lTtu ;k

xq: ds dFkukuqlkj viuh ;qfDr ls pyus okys dks Qy flf) gks gh tkrh gS Aekul eaFku vk/;kRe

xq: dk lkekU; oxhZdj.k rhu ekuk x;k gS & dqyxq:] ln~xq:] ijexq: A of”k'B dqyxq: ftuds ftEes jke dk izkjafHkd thou] ;Kksiohr] ea=] nhkk vkfn] fo”okfe= ln~xq: Fks ftuds ftEes jke ds ekufld ,oa vk/;kfREd “kfDr;ksa dk tkxzr djuk Fkk A va/kdkj dks u'V dj izdk”k nsus okys dks gh xq: dgk x;k gS A

ekufld ,oa vk/;kfRed “kfDr;ksa dks tkx`r djus ri] czg~ep;Z rFkk “kfDr;ksa ij vf/kdkj] ekufld flf);ksa dh izkfIr vkfn ds fy, ln~xq: dh vko”;drk gksrh gS A

vxLR; ijexq: Fks] ftuds ftEes vkRek vkSj ijekRek dk ,dhdj.k djkuk Fkk A bl Lrj ij vk/;kRe Kku ds fy, ek=k ls ijs vkRek o ijekRek dk esy djkuk gksrk gS A

f”kk.k esa vkpkj ,oa pfj= dk loksZRre egRo gS A vkpkj O;ogkj ls vkSj pfj= ifjos”k ls xzg.k gksrk gS A bl xzg.k“khyrk ds fodkl ds fy, xq: dh vko”;drk gS A xq: dh lsok] Hkxoku dh iwtk vkSj fu;fer dk;ksZa esa rRijrk gh /kkfeZd f”kk.k dh ljljh rkfydk gS A

_Xosn dky esa xq: ds mins”kksa dk euu ,oa mlds vuq:i vkpj.k dh O;ogkfjdrk dh rkRdkyhu f”kkkØe dk mn~ns”; Fkk A

izkphu Hkkjrh; f”kkk dk izk.k xq:&f”k'; laca/k gh gS A xq: bl ps'Vk esa jgrs Fks fd f”k'; dks lPps Kku dh f”kkk nsa] ftlls og czg~e ds lR; Lo:i dk vuqHko dj lds A

bZ”ojkfRlf)fu.ksZrk Roa rrks·fi egs”oj% A xqjksxZq:rofu.ksZrk Roa rrks·fl xq:xZq:% AA^

bZ”oj gS ;k ugha gS] bldh flf) dkSu djrk gS vki \ fQj rks vki gh egs”oj gks A ;g xq: gekjs ;ksX; gS fd ugha bldk fu.kZ; dkSu djrk gS\ vki] fQj rks vki gh xq:vksa ds xq: gks A


DMV Journal


xq:&firq&ekrq egslHkokuh A izuoÅ¡ nhucU/kq fnu nkuh AAlsod Lokeh l[kk fl; ih ds A fgr fu:ikf/k lcf of/k rqylh ds AA^

Jh egs”k vkSj ikoZrh dks eSa iz.kke djrk gw¡] tks esjs xq: vkSj ekrk&firk gSa A egs”k rFkk ikoZrh ls vFkZ bZ”oj rFkk mldh ru “kfDr ls gS A “kadj viuh “kfDr ls] vius vUnj gh izdV dj ds vius vUnj ls gh] vius vUnj esa gh] txr dks izdV djkrs gSa A “kadj vkSj ikoZrh ,d gksrs gq, Hkh] nks ds leku yhyk djrs gSa A tc “kfDr foyhu gks tkrh gS] rks dsoy f”ko gksrs gSa A tc “kfDr f”ko esa izdV gksrh gS] rks f”ko “kfDr gksrs gSa Af”ko&txr ds fy, firk leku gSa] rks “kfDr ;k ikoZrh ekrk rqY; A okLrfod ekrk&firk ;gh gSa A txr ds ekrk&firk vfuR; gSa A

f”ko ikoZrh dks gh xq: dgk x;k gS A ;gk¡ ij le>us dh ckr ;g gS] fd ;gk¡ “kfDr lfgr f”ko dks xq: ekuk gS] D;ksafd xq: f”k'; dk dY;k.k “kfDr ds kjk gh djrk gS A xq: og gS] tks va/kdkj dk uk”kdj izdk”k dks vkyksfdr dj ns A xq: dh d`ik “kfDr tkxzr gksdj ;gh rks djrh gS A izfr izlo esa Åij p<+rh gqbZ] laLdkj :ih re dk uk”k djrh tkrh gS rFkk vkRe izdk”k ls vUrj vkyksfdr dj nsrh gS A O;f'V Lrj ij tho :ih txr ds foLrkj dks lesVrh gqbZ vkRe:ih f”ko esa fey tkrh gS A

ikoZrh lfgr f”ko dks xq: :i esa Lohdkj djus dk ;g Hkh Hkko gS fd xq: ds “kfDr dk lEiUu gksuk vko”;d gS A oSls rkss izR;sd euq'; esa “kfDr gksrh gh gS] ijUrq tkxzr ugha gksrh A ;g “kfDr f”ko dh gS A ,slh vuqHkwfr ugha gksrh A ,slk xq:] f”k'; dh “kfDr tkxzr djus esa Hkh vleFkZ gksrk gS rFkk ln~xq: dgykus dk Hkh vukf/kdkjh gksrk gS A ln~xq: rks ogh gS] ftldh fLFkfr lrLo:ik “kfDr esa fLFkr gks rFkk tks f”k'; dks Hkh bl fLFkfr esa LFkkfir dj ldrk gks A xq: dk egRo xq:Ro “kfDr ls gh gS] “kfDrghu xq: rks D;k y?kq Hkh ugh gksrk A

rqylhnkl th] egs”k rFkk ikoZrh dks xq: :i esa Lohdkj dj iz.kke djrs gSa A iz.kke] ueu djrs gq, FkksM+k >qd dj g`n; esa J)k Hkko] vknj Hkko] iwT; Hkko] j[k dj fd;k tkrk gS A iz.kke] nksuksa gkFk tksM+dj fn;k tkrk gS A gkFk tksM+us ds fy, lHkh dkeksa ls gkFk [khap ysuk iM+rk gS A Hkko ;g gS] fd iz.kke esa txr ds lHkh vko”;d ,oa vuko”;d dk;Z lekIr dj g`n; esa J)k Hkko] oSjkX; Hkko j[krs gq, vius iwT; ds pj.kksa esa ureLrd gqvk tkrk gS A iz.kke ,d gkfnZd izfØ;k gS] flj >qdkuk gkFk tksM+uk] mldk ckg~; Lo:i Hkko gS A rqylhnkl th egs”k rFkk Hkokuh dks iz.kke djrs gSa] muesa vius xq:nso ds n”kZu djrs gSa rFkk vius xq:nso esa egs”k rFkk Hkokuh dks ns[krs gSa A muds xq:nso egs”k rFkk Hkokuh ls vyx gSa gh ugha] fdUrq okLrfod iz.kke ds fy, loZizFke txr ls eu dks gVkuk iM+rk gS A vius eu dks txr ds fopkjksa&oklukvksa ls fjDr djuk iM+rk gS] vius nksuksa gkFk tksM+ ysus iM+rs gSa fQj vuqjkx rFkk izse lfgr vFkkZr~ >qd dj xq: ;k J)s; ds ikoksa esa ueu fd;k tkrk gS] ;gh iz.kke dk okLrfod Hkko gS A HkDr dk iz.kke fn[kkok ek= ugha gksrk A og g`n; esa Hkko Hkjdj] izse ls ;qDr gksdj Jh xq:pj.kksa esa lc dqN lefiZr dj nsrk gS A

iz.kke izseekxZ dh loksZRd`'V izfØ;k gS] ftlesa leiZ.k dk Hkko fNik gS A gs izHkq! eSa vius


DMV Journal


vkidks] vkids gokys djrk gw¡ A vki tSlk pkgsa eq>s j[ksa A eSa dqN Hkh fgr&vfgr ugha le>rk A dY;k.k&vdY;k.k dk foosd eq> ew<+ esa Hkyk dgk¡ \ eSa leiZ.k dk gh ,d ekxZ tkurk gw¡] ftlesa vki esjk Hkyk le>s oSlk gh djsa A ;g Hkko iz.kke djrs le; HkDr ds fpRr esa gksrs gSa A xq: HkDr pkgs fdlh Hkh nsork vFkok Hkxoku ds Lo:i dks iz.kke djsa mlesa og vius xq:nso dks gh ns[krs gSa rFkk vius xq:nso esa gh lHkh nsorkvksa dk okl ns[krs gSa A

lUnHkZ xzaFk lwph iqLrd & ys[kd

1 f=iqjkjgL; egkRE; & Jh txnh”k izlkn feJ2 jkepfjrekul dk dkO; “kL=h; vuq”khyu & MkW- jktdqekj ik.Ms;3 jkepfjrekul esa xq:rRo & Jh f”kokse~ rhFkZ th4 ekuleaFku vk/;kRe ,oa foKku & MkW- JhokLro5 jkepfjrekul & Jh fouk;d jko6 nkl cks/k & leFkZ nkl] vuqokn&ek/kojko lizs7 v'VkoØ xhrk & uUnyky n”kksjk

foosd pwM+kef.k & uUnyky n”kksjk


DMV Journal


BbŸ»a‡ PÓbÆ ÓC* £<J»bC* •CT ¶œÒbD ÓC* ¿|kC‘>•TŸ •TÚ BØ<Ó•Tb

ÓDa·b ÆC. ‘>bÓbCŸ

‘>bM. ŸbÆCEæ ÓbC´D B^>Db≥Ÿ DC <J⁄b ´º G•T ""≥bµa Æa •CT kb£ PkPC ÆkŸ£h» —‡Gs» •Tb DbÓ ´º - ‘>bM.

¿|kC‘>•TŸ y•T h•TbMJŸ # y•T ±–Cs^>a•TJ EPbD $ ¶P•TÚ <ÆE£≥a Pfl·∂, £ÈE£È∂·∂ Pfl·bCY •TÚ ¿bœÓ•TÒb º $ •NTJ

<ÓJb•TŸ Î´ D‡C PÓbÆ •Tb D •CTÎJ ±NŸbCµb Òb ¿<±»N Î´ Pÿ™C ¿ÒbC∂ ÓC* EPbD Òb $ <PV∂T EPbD $ D £CÎ»b D

±~N $ D ~bC·•T ¿bºŸ D ~bC<·» $ D ~bP•T ¿bºŸ D ~b<P» $ y•T £Ó ÓNs» $ y•T£Ó <D‘>Ÿ $ y•T£Ó

ë

ÆaÎ^> $''

‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ hÎ‡ £<J» Æb<» PC ÒC $ ÎC £<J» Î≥∂ •TÚ ±a˘b •TbC ÆbD»C Î PÓΩ»C ´º $ s‡bC*G•T ¶E´bC*DC hÎ‡

¶PC k£b∂A» G•T‡b Î ¶P —‡Òb •TbC hÎ‡ ΩCJb Òb $ »aPŸC ≥bCJÓCÆ P|ÓCJD ÓC* ¶E´bC*DC ¿nØ»bC* (£<J»bC*) •CT <Jy

y•T ±…Ò•T <DÎb∂™D Î ±£bC* •TÚ Ób≥ •TŸ Ja Òa $ ‡´ ¶D•Tb ¿b•–TbÓ•T »CÎŸ Òb $ Îh»N»# ‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ £<J»bC*

•CT <Jy G•T‡C ≥‡C Pfl·∂ •Tb a £RPŸb DbÓ º $

‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ ¿«‡‡D Ć»N ¿ÓCGŸ•Tb »£È±ŸbE» ¬Jº∑‘> ≥‡C $ ‡´b •CT hÎ»_ Îb»bÎŸL •Tb ±–BbÎ Ba ¶D•CT

<Î™bŸbC* ±Ÿ ±˘b $ ¶EĆ* ‡´ ÆbDDC •Tb ¿ÎPŸ <ÓJb G•T <ÎAÎ-—‡Gs»Îb£ yÎ PÓbÆÎb£ £bC ≥N^>bC* ÓC* k^>»b Æb

Ÿ´b º $ yCPa „hÒ<» ÓC* ‡<£ ¿X∂<Î•T<P» £C~ Dá* PBJ ±b‡C »bC ÎC £C~ •TbC Bbº≥bC<J•T ı± PC ¿bÆb£ •TŸb•TŸ

Ba ±ND# DÎ ¿Ò∂»_ •TÚ Æ•T˘ ÓC* Æb‡C*≥C $ ¶D•CT <Î™bŸbC* ±Ÿ ±„A™Óa PÓbÆ •CT ±–Æb»b<_•T ÓØe‡bC* •Tb Ba ±–BbÎ

±˘Db ~Nı bC ≥‡b $ ‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ DÎ ÓbDÎ ÓØe‡bC* ¿bºŸ ÆaÎD •TC ±–<» hÎhÒ »Òb ÓNs» <Î™bŸbC* •TÚ hÒb±Db

Ć»N ¿±DC-¿b±•TbC* »º‡bŸ •TŸ ™N•CT ÒC $ ‡´b ÎC PbC™»C ÒC G•T <É£R PÓbÆ kbŸ-kbŸ s‡bC* ÆÆ∂GŸ» ´bC Ÿ´b ´º »bC

í

¶D•TÚ PÓΩ ÓC* P•Tb y•T a •TbŸL ¿b»b Òb ¿bºŸ Î´ •TbŸL Òb ""<É£R PÓbÆ •TÚ BC£BbÎ ±ØL∂ —‡ÎhÒb ''

BbŸ» Îb±Pa •CT kb£ P<Î£b •CT ¿DNPbŸ ‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ •TbC k˘bº£b Ó´bŸbÆ •CT ‡´b Dbº•TŸa •TŸDa ±˘a

Æb<»≥» <ÎBC£ ¶P PÓ‡ •CT ŸbÆ»_ ±Ÿ Ba G•T»Db ´bÎa Òb ‡´ »ª‡ P kb» PC h±˜^> ´bC»b ´º G•T k˘bº£b

Ó´bŸbÆ ‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ •TÚ <Î~C·ß»b •TbC «‡bD ÓC* Ÿ⁄•TŸ ¶EĆ* <ÎcÓ_a kDbDb ™b´»C ÒC $ G•TE»N Ó<_Ó‘>J •CT

£kbÎ •CT ™J»C Î´ ‡´ Dá* •TŸ P•CT $ ¿»# Ó´bŸbÆ DC ¶EĆ* <Ó<J^¨>a P<™Î •CT ±£ ±Ÿ <D‡NGs» £a $ G•TE»N ¶D•CT

¿nØ>» ´bCDC •CT •TbŸL ‡´bH ¶EĆ* ¿±Ób<D» ´bCDb ±˘b $ ™±ŸbPa •Tb≥Æ »Òb VTb JC* £RŸ PC á ¶D•TÚ ÓCÆ ±Ÿ

VC*T•T £C»C ÒC $ Ó´bŸbÆ PC G~•Tb‡» •TŸDC ±Ÿ Ba P•Tb •TbC ∂ PÓbµbD D ´bC P•Tb $ yCPC Îb»bÎŸL ÓC* flN^>D

hÎbBb<Î•T Òa $ £aÎbD DC ¶D•TÚ Ó££ •TŸDC ÓC* Ó´bŸbÆ PC h±˜^> E•TbŸ •TŸ <£‡b Òb $ <DŸbg‡ ‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ

¿±ÓbD »Òb BØ⁄ PC ±a<˘» ´bC•TŸ y•T ±C˘ •CT Da™C kºq>•TŸ VØT^>-VØT^> •TŸ ŸbC ±˘C ÒC $ G•TE»N ¶D•Tb ŸbCDb Ba

G•TPa DC Dá* PNDb $ ¿»# ±–<»Bb P±ED bCDC ±Ÿ Ba Dbº•TŸa n>bC˘•TŸ k|k ∂ Jbº^> ≥‡C $

Research scholar, Deptt. of Sociology, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad. 380009


DMV Journal


íì-íî Ób™∂ ëôëò •TbC ÓæbP ÓC* ""<£ G‘>±–Ch‘> sJbPCP <Ó~D PbCPb ^>a'' DC ¿<⁄J BbŸ»a‡ £<J» Æb<»

•TbEV–CTP •Tb £bC <£ÎPa‡ •Tb‡∂•–TÓ Ÿ⁄b $ <ÆP•TÚ ¿«‡[»b k˘bº£b Ó´bŸbÆ DC •TÚ Î´b ga DbŸb‡L ≥DC~ ÆbC

£<J» Î≥∂ •CT ¶œÒbD Ć»N •TbVTÚ ±´JC PC •Tb‡∂ •TŸ ŸĆ ÒC DC •T´b G•T ""¿nØ>» Æb<» •Tb µmkb BbŸ» ±Ÿ PC ´^>

JbDb Æb<ý $'' P •Tb‡∂•–TÓ ÓC* nØ>¿b-nØ>» •TbC y•T ŸbC≥ ÓbDb ≥‡b $ ‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ P •TbEV–CTP PC PºXb<»•T

<ÎŸbCµ •CT •TbŸL Dá* ÆN˘C $ ÎC ¶<™» ¿ÎPŸ •TÚ ±–»a[b •TŸ ŸĆ ÒC $

‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ DC ¿±DC £<J» <Î™bŸbC* •TbC ÆDÓbDP »•T ±´È™bDC, ¶D•TÚ ÎC£Db‡C* »Òb kN<D‡b£a

PÓh‡b¿bC* PC PÓbÆ •TbC ±GŸ<™» •TŸbDC •CT <J‡C •TbCe´b±NŸ Ó´bŸbÆ •TÚ P´b‡»b PC ìë ÆDÎŸa ëôíê PC

""ÓØ•T Db‡•T'' DbÓ•T ±_ <D•TbJDb ~Nı G•T‡b $ ÎC hÎ‡ y‘>a^>Ÿ •CT ±£ ±Ÿ D bC»C Èy Ba ±_ •CT PÎC∂PÎb∂ ÒC $

‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ DC ""ÓØ•T Db‡•T'' ÓC* BbŸ» •TbC ¿nØ>»bC* Î ¿PÓbD»b •Tb flŸ k»b‡b $ ¶D•Tb h±˜^> Ó»

Òb G•T BbŸ» •TbC ¿bÆb£ ´bCDC PC ±ØÎ∂ ¿b<Ò∂•T, ŸbÆDº<»•T, PbÓb<Æ•T, µb<Ó∂•T ¿b<£ [C_bC* ÓC* PÓbD»b

hÒb<±» •TŸDC •CT ±–‡bP •TŸDC ™b<ý $ <kDb D PÓbD»b •CT ¿<µ•TbŸbC* •CT ¿bÆb£a •Tb ¿Ò∂ Ób_ Pcb •Tb

´h»b»ŸL ´bCDb ´bC≥b $ ¶D•Tb ‡´b h±˜^> Ó» Òb G•T PÓbD»b •Tb ´•T •CT <kDb ¿bÆb£a •Tb ¿Ò∂ ´bC≥b ¶P

k–bÃL Î≥∂ •CT bÒ ÓC Pcb •Tb ¿b ÆbDb <ÆP•CT •TbŸL ¿nØ>» Î≥∂ <É£R bC»C Èy Ba ¿±Ób<D» PŸ<[» ¿bºŸ

fl…<L» ÆaÎD ÆaDC •TbC <ÎÎ~ º $ ‡<£ ‡á Î≥∂ Pcb ÓC ¿b‡C≥b »bC ¿nØ>»bC* •Tb •TbC ∂ BJb Dá* bC≥b $ ¿PÓbD»b

¿bºŸ k›C≥a $ ¿»# Æk »•T ¿nØ>»bC* •CT <J‡C Óbº<J•T ¿<µ•TbŸbC* •TÚ ≥bŸ^>a D bC »k »•T hÎŸb¢‡ •Tb •TbC ∂ ¿Ò∂

Dá* bC≥b $

íë Ób™∂ ëôíê •TbC •TbCe´b±NŸ Ÿb¢‡ •CT ÓbD≥bÎ ÓC* ¿nØ>»bC* •TÚ •TbEV–C*TP •TÚ ¿«‡[»b ‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ DC

•TÚ $ P •TbEV–TC*P ÓC* •TbCe´b±NŸ Ó´bŸbÆ ~b´R DC ¿|kC‘>•TŸ •TÚ ⁄NJ•TŸ Ó™ PC ±–~Pb •TÚ »Òb ¶E´bC*DC

¿|kC‘>•TŸ •TbC ¿nØ>»bC* •CT <Jy ±–•Tb~ •TÚ y•T P~s» G•TŸL <Dı<±» G•T‡b $ Ó ∂ ëôíê ÓC* Db≥±NŸ ÓC* Bb·L

<£‡b $ ¶D•CT JC⁄bC*, <Î™bŸbC* »Òb Bb·LbC* ÓC* ¿nØ>»bC* •TÚ ±a˘b Òa ¿bºŸ k–bÃL PÓbÆ, ÓDNÎb£a —‡ÎhÒb ±Ÿ

—‡¬‡ $

‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ ¿k y•T Ba yCPb ¿ÎPŸ Dá* ⁄bCDb ™b´»C ÒC <ÆPÓC ¿nØ>»bC*,£<J»bC* •Tb •TbC ∂ <´» bC

P•T»b Òb $ ¿nØ>» ~m£ •CT ±an>C ÆbC fl…Lb •TÚ »a⁄a BbÎDb •Tb‡∂ •TŸ Ÿá Òa ‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ ¶PC kC±£b∂ •TŸDb

™b´»C ÒC $ ¶D•TÚ <£Ja Ó~b Òa G•T PÓbÆ PC Æb<»-±b<» •Tb BC£BbÎ <Ó^>C ¿bºŸ £<J»bC* •TbC Ba y•T hÎhÒ,

D‡b »Òb PÓbD»b •Tb µŸb»J <ÓJC »bG•T Î´ P|ÓbD PC ÓDN˜‡ •CT ı± ÓC* Æa P•C*T $

JbC•TÓbE‡ <»J•T •CT <DµD •CT ±A™b» - G•TE»N ¶D•CT Bb≥aŸÒ ±–‡bPbC* PC »Òb ≥bµa Æa •CT ±–‡œDbC* PC

£<J»bC* •CT ¶œÒbD •CT <J‡C •T ∂ •T£Ó BbŸ»a‡ PÓbÆ ÓC* ¶q>b‡C Æb ŸĆ ÒC $ ""<£ ys^> ¿bMVT ëôëô'' •CT ÙbŸb

±´Ja kbŸ £<J» Î≥∂ •CT ¿„h»œÎ •TbC ±´™bDb ≥‡b $ ™bº£´ DbMD ¿bVTÚ<P‡J ÓC|kŸbC* ÓC* <ÆD•TbC* ≥Î∂DŸ ÆDŸJ

DC •CTEæa‡ JC<ÆhJCG^>Î ¿PC|kJa •CT <J‡C ÓDbCDa» G•T‡b Òb $ ¶PÓC* y•T £<J» Î≥∂ •Tb ±–<»<D<µ Ba <J‡b

≥‡b $ ±–bE»bC* ÓC* £<J» Æb<» •CT ±–<»<D<µ <J‡C ≥‡C $ ‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ DC P ±Ÿ ¿±Da •TbC ∂ ±–<»G•–T‡b Dá* •TÚ $

Î´ Æe£kbÆa ÓC* •TbC ∂ •T£Ó Dá* ¶q>bDb ™b´»C ÒC $

ŸC|ÆC Óº•T‘>bDbMe‘> DC ‡´ VºTPJb <£‡b G•T ""ÓNPJÓbDbC* •Tb ±…Ò•T ™NDbÎ [C_ yÎ ¿E‡ PNŸ[b¿bC* •CT


DMV Journal


PbÒ £<J» Î≥∂ •TbC Ba y•T ±…Ò•T ŸbÆDa<»•T •Tb ∂ ÓbDb Æb‡C≥b '' P VºTPJC* •CT ±an>C ¿≥–CÆa PŸ•TbŸ •Tb

™bĆ ÆbC hÎbÒ∂ ´bC G•TE»N PDC <É£R PÓbÆ •TbC ‡´ PbC™DC •CT <Jy <ÎÎ~ •TŸ <£‡b G•T £<J»bC* •CT ±–<» ¶D•Tb

BC£-BbÎ±ØL∂ (¿h±…A‡»b •Tb) —‡Î´bŸ Ÿb˜^¨>a‡ y•T»b •CT <J‡C k´È» k˘b ⁄»Ÿb kD P•T»b ´º $ £<J»bC* •TbC

±–bE»a‡ <ÎµbDPBb¿bC* ÓC* óë hÒbD <£‡C ≥‡C <ÆD•TÚ ±Ø<»∂ <Î~C· ™NDbÎ [C_bC* ÓC* •CTÎJ £<J» Î≥a∂‡

Ó»£b»b¿bC* •CT ÎbC^>bC PC ™NDC ±–<»<D<µ‡bC* ÙbŸb •TÚ ÆbDC •TÚ —‡ÎhÒb ŸC|ÆC Óº•T‘>bDbMe‘> DC ¿±DC <DL∂‡ ÓC* •TÚ Òa

Ó´bœÓb ≥bHµa •TbC ‡´ <DL∂‡ hÎa•TbŸ Dá* Òb $ ‡´ ‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ •TÚ £<J»bC* •CT PE£B∂ ÓC* G•T‡C Æb ŸĆ ±–‡bPbC*

•TÚ y•T k˘a PVTJ»b Òa G•TE»N Ó´bœÓb ≥bHµa DC P <DL∂‡ •CT <ÎıX ¿bÓŸL ¿D~D íê <P»|kŸ ëôìí PC

‡ŸÎ£b ÆCJ ÓC* ±–bŸB •TŸ <£‡b $ ‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ •CT T±Ÿ £kbÎ ‘>bJb Æb Ÿ´b Òb G•T Î´ ¿±DC ±–h»bÎ Îb±P JC

JC $G•TE»N Î´ ¿nØ>»bC* (£<J»bC) •CT ±–<» ¿±DC G•T‡C Æb ŸĆ ±–‡bPbC* PC <ÎÓN⁄ bCDC •TbC »º‡bŸ Dá* ÒC $ P•CT <J‡C

¶EĆ* ¿DC•T µÓG•T‡b <ÓJa $

ñ <P»|kŸ ëôìê •TbC ‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>Ÿ •TbC ≥bCJÓCÆ •TbEV–CTP ÓC* ~b<ÓJ bCDC •Tb <DÓ_L <ÓJb $ •Tb≥–CP •CT

≥bCJÓCÆ •TbEV–TC*P •Tb k<´˜•TbŸ G•T‡bÒb $ ¿»# •TbC ∂ k˘b •Tb≥–CPa DC»b PÓC* Bb≥ Dá* <J‡b G•T»N <D|D Ób≥bC*

±Ÿ ÆbCŸ <£‡b ≥‡b-

(ë) PŸ•TbŸa Dbº•TGŸ‡bC* ÓC* £GJ»bC* •CT <J‡C ¿bŸ[L $

(í) £<J»bC* •TÚ ¶ED<» •CT <J‡C ¿J≥ <ÎBb≥ $

(ì) PbÓb<Æ•T k<´˜•TbŸ ÎbJbC* •CT <J‡C •T˘C £∑‘> •TÚ —‡ÎhÒb yÎ ~bC·LbCEÓNGs» •TÚ ¿bCŸ «‡bD $

P•Tb ¶”CA‡ £<J»bC* •Tb ¶œÒbD Î ~bC·L PC ÓNGs» »bC Òb a ÎC •T^>Ë^>Ÿ ±Òa <É£È¿bC* •TbC PbÎµbD Ba

•TŸDb ™b´»C ÒC G•T ¶EĆ* —‡Î´bŸ ÓC* ¿k ±GŸÎ»∂D •TŸ JCDb ™b<ý $

£<J» Î≥∂ •CT PE£B∂ ÓC* Æk Ó ¿|kC‘>•TŸ •CT ‡bC≥£bD •TÚ kb» •TŸ»C º »bC ¶D•TÚ PkPC k˘a PVTJ»b

‡´ Ÿá G•T <k–G^>~ PŸ•TbŸ ÙbŸb PÓbD ÓØJ ¿<µ•TbŸ •TÚ ¶D•TÚ kb» ÓbD Ja ≥ ∂ Pbh•…T<»•T, µb<Ó∂•T ¿bºŸ

¿b<Ò∂•T ¿<µ•TbŸbC* •TbC hÎa•TbŸ G•T‡b ≥‡b »Òb P•CT <Jy £<J» Î≥∂ •TbC PNŸ[b •TÚ ≥bŸE^>a £a ≥ ∂ $

£<J» Î≥∂ •TbC PÓbD Db≥GŸ•T»b ±–£bD •TÚ ≥ ∂ $ ¶D•CT <J‡C •TbDØD ÓC* <ÎhÒb<±» <Î·Ó»b¿bC* •TbC

´^>b•TŸ PbÓbE‡ Db≥GŸ•TbC* ÆºPC ¿<µ•TbŸ <£‡C ≥‡C $ ¶E´bC*DC <ÎµbDPBb ÓC* ±‡b∂Ì» ±–<»<D<µ‡bC* •TbC BCÆDC •TÚ

kb» Ÿ⁄a $ ÎC ¿±Db ±–<»<D<µ hÎ‡ ™ND P•CT P »ª‡ •TÚ ¿bCŸ «‡bD <£Jb‡b $ Dbº•TGŸ‡bC* ÓC* ¶D•CT <J‡C hÒbDbC*

•TÚ —‡ÎhÒb •TÚ kb» Ba ¶q>b ∂ $ ±„mJ•T P<Î∂P •TÓa~D ÙbŸb Dbº•TGŸ‡bC* •CT <Jy ™‡D G•T‡C ÆbDC •CT ¿<µ•TbŸ

•TÚ —‡ÎhÒb •TÚ Ób≥ Ba Ÿ⁄a ≥ ∂ $ PŸ•TbŸ PC ¶EĆ* ¿nØ>»bC* •CT <´»bC* •CT <Jy ¿bAÎbPD <ÓJb $

‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ •Tb £<J»bC* •CT <Jy y•T PkPC k˘b ‡bC≥£bD ‡´ Ÿ´b G•T ¶D•TÚ P ÓC´D» PC PbŸb

<ÎAÎ £<J»bC* •CT ÆaÎD ¿bºŸ „hÒ<» PC ±´Ja kbŸ ±ØŸa »Ÿ´ ±GŸ<™» ´bC P•Tb $ ±´Ja kbŸ <ÎAÎ •TbC ‡´ ±»b

™Jb G•T ¿ÓCGŸ•Tb ÓC* ÆbC „hÒ<» Da≥–bC* •Ta º, ¶PPC Ba k£»Ÿ „hÒ<» BbŸ» ÓC* ¿nØ>»bC* •TÚ º $ ‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ DC

£C~ •Tb Pá ±–<»<D<µœÎ •TŸ»C Èy £<J»bC* Î Ÿb˜^¨> £bCDbC* •CT <´»bC* •CT <J‡C ±‡b∂Ì» ±ºŸÎa •TÚ $

ëô ÆDÎŸa ëôìë •TbC ≥bCJÓCÆ •TbEV–C*TP •TÚ GŸ±bC^>∂ ±Ÿ b¶P ¿bMVT •TbÓEP ÓC* P <Î·‡ ±Ÿ ™™b∂ È ∂


DMV Journal


<Óh^>Ÿ VNT^> DC Î´bH £<J»bC* •TÚ PÓh‡b ±Ÿ Pk•Tb «‡bD ¿b•…T˜^> G•T‡b $ ¶E´bC*DC £<J»bC* •TÚ PNŸ[b •Tb ±–A D Ba

¶q>b‡b $ ‡<£ ‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ DC £<J»bC* •TÚ PÓh‡b •TbC Pá PÓ‡ ¿bºŸ Pá ±GŸ±–CÔ‡ ÓC* ±–h»N» Dá* G•T‡b bC»b

»bC £<J»bC* •CT <Î•TbP Î ¶œÒbD •CT Ÿbh»C D ÆbDC •Tk »•T kE£ Ÿ´»C ¿bºŸ ¶D•CT ~bC·L •Tb £È˜™•–T ¿DÎŸ»

™J»b Ÿ´»b $

¶E´bC*DC <ÎAÎ •CT ±^>J ±Ÿ ‡´ »ª‡ Ÿ⁄b G•T ÓbDÎ»b •TÚ £È´b ∂ £CDC ÎbJb <É£R µÓ∂ ¿±DC a JbC≥bC* •CT

PbÒ •ºTPb ¿ÓbDÎa‡ —‡Î´bŸ •TŸ Ÿ´b ´º $ Îbh»Î ÓC* ‡<£ ¿|kC‘>•TŸ ÆºPb DC»…œÎ £<J» Æb<» ÓC* ¶<£» Dá*

´È¿b »bC Ó´bœÓb ≥bHµa •CT ¿•CTJC ±–‡œDbC* PC •NTn> Dá* ´bC»b $ ‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ DC Æ´bH BbŸ»a‡ PÎL∂ Î≥∂ •TbC

~bC·L ™•–T kE£ •TŸ £<J»bC* •TbC PÓbD ¿<µ•TbŸ £CDC •CT <J‡C <ÎÎ~ G•T‡b Îá £<J» Æb<» ÓC* Ba Æb≥…<» ±º£b

•TÚ <ÆPPC ÎC ¿bœÓbCœÒbD •CT PbÒ kŸbkŸ •CT P|ÓbD •TÚ Ób≥ Ba •TŸDC J≥C $ £<J»bC* •CT ¶œÒbD •CT <J‡C Î´

G•T»DC £…› ±–<»ß ÒC ‡´ kb» ¶D•CT P •TÒD PC h±˜^> bC»a º G•T ""ÓCŸa ‡´ £…› ±–<»ßb º G•T Óº* ±£ £<J»bC* •TÚ

PCÎb yÎ <´» ÓC* ÓiTH, <ÆD•CT ka™ ÓCŸb ÆEÓ È¿b, ±bJD ±bC·L È¿b ¿bºŸ Ÿ´ Ÿ´b RH $ Óº* ¿±DC P •Tb‡∂ ÓC* y•T

™ Ba µŸ-¶µŸ Dá* ´^Ø>≥b ¿ÒÎb <D£•TbC* ÙbŸb ¶≥– <DıœPb<´» ¿bJbC™Db •TÚ »<D•T Ba ±ŸÎb´ Dá*

ñ

•Tı≥b $''

≥bCJÓCÆ P|ÓCJD PC Jbº^>DC •CT kb£ Æ´bH BbŸ» •CT £<J» Æb<» DC ¿|kC‘>•TŸ •TbC <PŸ ¿bH⁄bC* ±Ÿ kºq>b

<J‡b $ Îá* •Tb≥–CP »Òb ≥bµaÆa PC ¶D•CT Ó»BC£ ¿bºŸ ≥´ŸC bC ≥‡C $ G•TE»N £<J»bC* •CT <´» <™E»•T DC G•TPa •TÚ

Ba ±ŸÎb´ Dá* •TÚ ¿±DC Ób≥∂ ±Ÿ ¿<Î™J ‡bCXb •TÚ Bb<» ™J»C ŸĆ $

£<J»bC* •CT ¶œÒbD •CT ±–<» ÎC G•T»DC PÆ≥ ÒC P »ª‡ •Tb Ÿ´h‡bC£Ëflb^>D ¶D•CT D ~m£bC* PC bC»b º -

""Óº* ¶D ~bC<·»bC* •TÚ PCÎb ÓC* ¿±DC ÆaÎD •Tb ¶œP≥∂ •TŸ £R≥b, <ÆDÓC* G•T Óº* ±º£b ´È¿b Òb, <ÆD JbC≥bC* •CT ka™

Ÿ´•TŸ Óº* k˘b È¿b ¿bºŸ <ÆD•CT ka™ Óº* Ÿ´b R $ Óº* ¿±DC ¶cŸ£b<‡œÎ PC y•T ™ Ba ±an>C D ^Ø>≥b $ D Óº* ¿±DC

±–<»Ù<£‡bC* •TÚ ¿bJbC™Db •TÚ a <™E»b •TiT≥b $''

‡´b ‡´ ¶eJC⁄Da‡ º G•T £<J»bC* •CT ¶œÒbD •CT ±–‡bP ‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ yÎ ≥bµa Æa £bCDbC* DC a G•T‡C $

G•TE»N £bCDbC* •CT <™E»D ÓC* y•T ÓØJBØ» ¿E»Ÿ ‡´ Òb G•T ≥bHµa Æa DC ¿nØ>»bC* •TbC ¿±Db‡b Òb $ ÆkG•T ¿|kC‘>•TŸ

DC Î´ ÆaÎD hÎ‡ <Æ‡b Òb $ ¶D•CT ¿E»∂ÓD DC £<J»bC* •TÚ •TÓPÓb´^> •TbC ΩCJb Òb $ ¿bflb»bC* •TbC P´b Òb $

¿»# ÎC ¿±DC ÆaÎ D •TbJ ÓC* a £<J»bC* •TbC ÎC PbŸC ¿<µ•TbŸ <£JbDb ™b´»C ÒC, »bG•T ÎC P DbŸ•TÚ‡ ÆaÎD PC

ÓNGs» ±b P•CT $

""≥bµa Æa ¿bºŸ ¿|kC‘>•TŸ •TÚ £…<˜^> ÓC* ‡´ ¿E»Ÿ Òb G•T y•T DC PÓh‡b •TbC T±Ÿ •TÚ ¿bCŸ PC ¿bºŸ

£RPŸC DC PÓh‡b •TbC Da™C •TÚ ¿bCŸ PC £C⁄b Òb $ ≥bµa Æa <É£R —‡ÎhÒb •TÚ PŸ™Db •TbC ÎL∂ <ÎBbÆD ‡Ns»

kDb‡C Ÿ⁄DC •CT ±[ ÓC* ÒC ÆkG•T ¿|kC‘>•TŸ PÓh» ˙>bH™C •TbC PÓbD»b •CT ¿bµbŸ ±Ÿ <ÎÎ<»∂» •TŸDb ™b´»C

ó

ÒC $'' ¶D•TbC ¿±DC ±–‡bPbC* ÓC* ¿b~b»a» PVTJ»b Ba <ÓJa $ ëôîì •CT ¶D•CT PhÓŸL PC h±˜^> ´º G•T P

PÓ‡ »•T ¿nØ>» Î≥∂ ÓC* Ba ŸbÆDa<»•T ™C»Db »CÆa PC •TbÓ •TŸDC J≥a Òa $

íô ¿±–ºJ ëôîó •TbC P<ÎµbD PBb DC flC·Lb •TÚ - ""nN>¿b-nØ>» •TbC ⁄œÓ G•T‡b Æb»b º, Î´ G•TPa

Ba [C_ ÓC* k£b∂A» Dá* ´bC≥a ¿bºŸ »£DNı± •TbC ∂ Ba BC£-BbÎ •TÚ BbÎDb ±b ∂ ≥ ∂ »bC •TbDØDD ¿±Ÿbµ ÓbDb


DMV Journal


ÆbÎC≥b $ P •Tb‡∂ •CT <J‡C ≥bµa Æa •TÚ BØGŸ-BØGŸ ±–~Pb •TÚ ≥ ∂ $ •Tb≥–CP ±b^>a DC nN>¿b-nØ>» •TbC ⁄œÓ •TŸDC •TÚ

flbC·Lb •TÚ Òa ±ŸE»N P•CT <J‡C ¶P PÓ‡ •Tá Ba P P£B∂ ÓC* ‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ •Tb DbÓ Dá* <J‡b ≥‡b ÆbC G•T

ò

£<J»bC* •TbC ‡´ ¿<µ•TbŸ <£JbDC •CT <J‡C ÆaÎD BŸ J˘»b Ÿ´b $''

ëï ¿≥h» ëôîó •TbC BbŸ» hÎ»_ È¿b, íô ¿≥h» ëôîó •TbC BbŸ»a‡ P<ÎµbD •Tb ÓPbº£b kDbDC

•CT <Jy y•T P<Ó<» ≥Gq>» •TÚ ≥ ∂ $ ‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ P P<Ó<» •CT ¿«‡[ kDC $ ¶E´bC*DC ¿Ò•T ±GŸgÓ •TŸ ò

¿DNPØ<™‡bC* ¿bºŸ ìëï ¿DNÿn>C£bC* ÎbJb P<ÎµbD BbŸ» •CT <J‡C »º‡bŸ G•T‡b $ ¶D•CT P •Tb‡∂ •CT <J‡C a ¶EĆ*

¿bµN<D•T ÓDN •TÚ Pßb £a Æb»a º $

£<J»bC* •CT PbÒ ¶œ±a˘D ¿bºŸ ¿œ‡b™bŸ •TÚ bC Ÿá fl^>Db¿bC* •TbC £C⁄•TŸ ‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ <™„E»» ÒC $

ÎC ÓbD»C ÒC G•T PÓbÆ ı¬LbÎhÒb ÓC* ´º $ ÎC ¿µ#±»D PC ±a<˘» D £<J»bC* •CT <Jy y•T D‡C £…<˜^>•TbCL •Ta

¿bÎA‡•T»b Ó´PØP •TŸ»C ÒC $ ¿bºŸ P ±GŸ<hÒ<» ÓC* Æk P<ÎµbD <DÓb∂L •Tb £b<‡œÎ ¶EĆ* Pbº±b ≥‡b »bC

¶E´bC*DC ¿±DC P D‡C £…<˜^>•TbCL •TbC P<ÎµbD ÓC* ±–h»N» G•T‡b $ ÎC PbŸa —‡ÎhÒb‡C* •TÚ <ÆPPC £<J»bC* •TbC

~bC·L PC ÓNs» G•T‡b Æb P•CT ¿bºŸ ¶EĆ* PÓbD»b ¿bºŸ PNŸ[b •Tb ¿<µ•TbŸ <ÓJ P•CT $

BbŸ»a‡ P<ÎµbD •CT ¿DNÿn>C£ ëî ÓC* ¶E´bC*DC D•CT <J‡C PÓbD»b •Tb ¿<µ•TbŸ PN<D<A™» G•T‡b $

¿DNÿnC£ ëï ÓC* Æb<»≥» <ÎBC£ PÓbÌ» •TŸDC •TÚ —‡ÎhÒb •TÚ $ ëï(ë) ÓC* Ÿb¢‡ •TbC <ÎBC£ •TŸDC PC

ŸbC•Tb, <ÎBC£ •TŸDC ÎbJC •TbDØD PÓbÌ» G•T‡C, ëï(í) £È•TbDbC*, ´bC^>JbC*, Ó„E£ŸbC*, »bJbkbC* P˘•T ¿b<£ ±Ÿ

±–ÎC~ •TÚ ÆbÆ» £a $ ëï(î) PbÓb<Æ•T Î ~º[<L•T £…<˜^> PC <±n>˘C D £<J»bC* •CT <Jy ¿bŸ[L •Tb ±–bÎµbD

G•T‡b $

¿DNÿn>C£ ëñ ÙbŸb JbC•T PCÎb¿bC* ÓC* PÓbD»b £a $ ëñ(î) ÙbŸb Dbº•TŸa ÓC* ¿bŸ[L •TÚ —‡ÎhÒb •TÚ $

¿DNÿn>C£ ëó ÙbŸb ¿h±…A‡»b •Tb ¿E» G•T‡b $ ¿h±…A‡»b ¿±Ÿbµ <DŸbCµ•T ¿<µ<D‡Ó ëôïï,

ëôóñ, ëôòô ¿b<£ Pa •CT »´» ±bGŸ» G•T‡C≥‡C $

¿DNÿn>C£ íô (í) <~[L PhÒb¿bC* ÓC* ±–ÎC~ •Tb ¿<µ•TbŸ £C»b º $

¿DNÿn>C£ îñ Ÿb¢‡ •CT £<J» Î≥∂ C»N <Î~C· PbÎµbDa kŸ»DC •Tb <D£C∂~ £C»b º $

¿DNÿn>C£ ëñî •NTn> Ÿb¢‡bC* ÓC* £<J» •Te‡bL C»N <Î~C· ¶±Ó_a •TÚ <D‡NGs» •Tb ±–bÎµbD •TŸ»b º $

¿DNÿn>C£ íóï Ÿb¢‡bC* •TbC £<J» •Te‡bL C»N <Î~C· •CTEæa‡ P´b‡»b •Tb ±–bÎµbD •TŸ»b º $

¿DNÿn>C£ ìíï £<J» Æb<»‡bC* •TbC Ó»b<µ•TbŸ •Tb ¿<µ•TbŸ ±–£bD •TŸ»b º $

¿DNÿn>C£ ììï £<J» Æb<»‡bC* •CT PŸ[L •TÚ PÓa[b Ć»N Ÿb˜^¨>±<» •TbC <Î~C· ±–b<µ•TbŸa <D‡Ns»

•TŸDC •Tb ¿<µ•TbŸ £C»b º $ ÆbC ‡´ £C⁄C≥b G•T D•TbC PÓN<™» ¿<µ•TbŸ <ÓJ ±b ŸĆ º* ‡b Dá* $

P•CT ¿<»GŸs» Ba ¿DNÿn>C£ ììê, ììí, ììî £<J» Î≥bCY •CT <J‡C <Î~C· ¶±kEµ •TŸ»C º <ÆPPC

£<J» Î≥bCY •CT <´»bC* •Tb PÎµ∂D bC P•CT $ »bG•T P<£‡bC* PC ±a<˘» <É£R PÓbÆ •CT P ±™Ó ÎL∂ •TbC PÓbD»b

•Tb ¿<µ•TbŸ <ÓJ P•CT $ ‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ ‡´ ™b´»C ÒC G•T ÆbC £È⁄ Î •T˜^> ¶E´bC*DC ΩCJb º, Î´ D•CT D £<J»

Bb ∂‡bC* •TbC hÎ»_ BbŸ» ÓC* D k£b∂A» •TŸDb ±˘C $

‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ DC BbŸ»a‡ ÆD»b •TbC P<ÎµbD Pbº*±»C ´Èy ¿±DC ÓD •TÚ BbÎDb ¶D•CT PbÒ h±˜^>


DMV Journal


•TŸ»C Èy •T´b Òb G•T ""Óº* <ÎµbD ±GŸ·£ ÓC* s‡bC* ¿b‡b $ Ób_ ¿nØ>» Æb<» •CT <´»bC* •CT •TbŸL a Óº*DC Î´ PBbJb $

P•CT ¿<»GŸs» ÓCŸa •TbC ∂ ¿<BJb·b Dá* Òa $ ...... <ÎµbD G•T»Db a ¿ÿn>b s‡bC* D bC ‡<£ ¶P•TbC —‡Î´bŸ

ÓC* JbDC ÎbJC P£h‡ ¿ÿn>C D bC, »bC <ÎµbD <D#PE£C´ kNŸb a ±–Ób<L» bC≥b $ BbŸ» ÓC* PÓ»b •Tb ±ØL∂ ¿BbÎ º $

ô

ŸbÆDa<» ÓC* ÓC* PÓbD»b <ÓJa º $ ±ŸE»N PbÓb<Æ•T »Òb ¿b<Ò∂•T ÆaÎD ÓC* <Î·Ó»b <ÎµÓbD º $''

‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ £<J»bC* •CT <J‡C <Æ‡C $ ¶E´bC*DC P<ÎµbD •Tb <DÓb∂L •TŸ»C PÓ‡ P kb» •Tb <Î~C·

«‡bD Ÿ⁄b G•T hÎ»_ BbŸ» ÓC* £<J»bC* •TbC ÎC PbŸC ¿<µ•TbŸ <ÓJ Æb‡C <ÆD•TÚ Ób≥ ¶E´bC* <k–G^>~ ÓC* ≥bCJÓCJ

P|ÓCJD PC ±ØÎ∂ ¿e±Pv‡•T P<Ó<» •TbC <£‡C ¿±DC ±_ ÓC* •TÚ Òa $ P<ÎµbD •Tb <DÓb∂L •TŸ»C ´Èy ¶E´bC*DC

BbŸ»a‡ ÆaÎD •CT <ÎŸbCµbBbP »Òb ¿P≥<»‡bC* •TbC «‡bD ÓC* Ÿ⁄•TŸ yCPa —‡ÎhÒb •TÚ G•T <ÆPPC <ÎŸbCµbBb·

ÓC* PÓ»b-PØ_ hÒb<±» bC P•CT ¿bºŸ BC£BbÎ Ÿ<´» PÓbÆ •Tb <DÓb∂L bC P•CT $

ñ <£P|kŸ PDË ëôïñ •TbC £<J»bC* •Tb ÓPa´b <ÎÙbD ±NŸbCµb P ¿PbŸ PPbŸ PC P£b-P£b •CT <Jy

<Î£b ´bC ≥‡b ¿bºŸ ±an>C n>bC˘ ≥‡b ¿D<≥D» ‡b£C* $ £<J»bC* •CT ¶œÒbD •CT ¶D•CT ±–‡bP P£ºÎ ‡b£ G•T‡C Æb»C

ŸĆ*≥C $ yCPC Ó´bD ±NŸbCµb •TbC ÓCŸb ~»Ë ~»Ë DÓDË $

P£B∂

ë. B^>Db≥Ÿ ‘>bM. ŸbÆCEæ ÓbC´D ‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ ÆaÎD ¿bºŸ £~∂D, ±…˜q> ñ

í. Æb^>Î, ‘>bM. ‘>a. ¿bŸ. PbC~J <VTJbPVTÚ ¿bMVT ‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ ±…˜q> ìì

ì. B^>Db≥Ÿ ‘>bM.ŸbÆCEæ ÓbC´D ‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ ÆaÎD ¿bºŸ £~∂D ±…˜q> ñ

î. ‘>bM. ka. ¿bŸ. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ ≥bCJÓCÆ P|ÓCJD ÓC* <£‡C≥‡C Bb·L •CT ¿~ PC

ï. ‘>bM. ka. ¿bŸ. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ ""Îá''

ñ. •TÚŸ, µDÆ‡ ‘>bM. ¿|kC‘>•TŸ Jb VT y∑‘> <Ó~D ±…˜q> íêí

ó. ‘>bJ<Ó‡b, ‡~bCµŸb ~º‘>Ë‡Øe‘> •Tbh^> - ¿D —‡Ø V–TbÓ <ÎJbC#


DMV Journal


DbŸb‡L „hÒ» DbŸb‡L Ó<£Ÿ # y•T yC<»´b<P•T ¿ÎJbC•TD

‘>bM. ‹T<·ŸbÆ ±b∑‘>C‡

n>caP≥› •CT ¿Ÿ∑‡b™J kh»Ÿ ÓC* Æ≥£J±NŸ-Ÿb‡±NŸ Ÿb˜^¨>a‡ ŸbÆÓb≥∂ ÓC* ìï G•T.Óa. £RŸa ±Ÿ

PbCDbŸ±bJ DbÓ•T ≥–bÓ ÓC* kb‡a ¿bCŸ E£–bÎ»a D£a •CT £b<´DC »^> ±Ÿ J≥B≥ ëô G•T.Óa. £RŸa ±Ÿ „hÒ» ≥–bÓ

DbbŸ‡L±bJ •Tb DbŸb‡L Ó<£Ÿ yC<»´b<P•T »Òb ±NŸb»b„œÎ•T £…<˜^> PC <Î<~˜^> ±´™bD Ÿ⁄»a º $

P Ó<£Ÿ •CT <DÓb∂L •CT Pkµ ÓC* ¿<BJC⁄a‡ ÕbC»bC* PC —‡b±•T ±–•Tb~ ±˘»b ´º $ Ó<£Ÿ •CT Ó∑‘>± ÓC*

„hÒ» ≥N∑‘> Ó´b£CÎa •CT ¿<BJC⁄ ~•T PÎ» ëêìì (PDË ëëëë ∂.) PC Ó<£Ÿ <DÓb∂L •CT Pkµ ÓC* <Îh»…»

ÆbD•TbŸa ±–bÌ» ´bC»a ´º $ ¶s» ¿<BJC⁄ ÓC* k»b‡b≥‡b ´º G•T ≥N∑‘> Ó´b£CÎa DC DbŸb‡L±NŸ ÓC* „hÒ» DbŸb‡L

Ó<£Ÿ •TÚ —‡ÎhÒb »Òb £C⁄ŸC⁄ •CT <Jy DbŸb‡L±NŸ ≥–bÓ »Òb B≥ÎbD JbC•CTAÎŸ •TbC ⁄ÆN∂Ÿa kbµ •CT PÓa± •TÚ

BØ<Ó £bD ÓC* <£‡b ´º $ ¶s» <~JbJC⁄ •CT •TbJ⁄∑‘> •CT ¿bµbŸ ±Ÿ ‡´ Ó<£Ÿ kbŸ´Îa* ~»bm£a •Tb ÓbDb Æb

P•T»b º $

¶s» Ó<£Ÿ •CT <DÓb∂L •CT Pkµ ÓC* JbJb Æ≥£J±NŸa DC <J⁄b º - µbŸbÎ·∂ •TÚ ŸbDa <Î˜LN Bs» Òa $

¿»# ¶Eá* •TÚ ±–CŸLb PC <Î˜LN Ó<£Ÿ •Tb <DÓb∂L •TŸ DbŸb‡L±NŸ DbÓ•T ≥bÎ ¿<±∂» G•T‡b ≥‡b Òb $ <ÆP•Tb DbÓ

k£J•TŸ DbŸb‡L±bJ´bC ≥‡b $ DŸC~ •NTÓbŸ ±bq>•T •CT ¿DNPbŸ - Ó<£Ÿ ÓC* <Î˜LN ±–<»Ób hÒb<±» •TÚ ≥ ∂ º »Òb

T™a Æ≥»a ±Ÿ kCPŸ ~ºJa ÓC* ¶ÿ™ <~⁄Ÿ ÎbJC Ó<£Ÿ <D<Ó∂» G•T‡b ≥‡b º $ aŸbJbJ ~Ne•T •CT ¿DNPbŸ-Ó<£Ÿ

ÓC* DbŸb‡L »Òb JbC•C AÎŸ •TÚ ±–<»Ób‡C hÒb<±» •TŸDb k»b‡b ≥‡b º $

DbŸb‡L Ó<£Ÿ •Tb ≥B∂≥…´ ¿b‡»b•TbŸ º, ≥B∂≥…´ ÓC* ™bŸbC •TbCDC ÓC* ±–h»Ÿ <D<Ó∂» <B<œ» h»B º $ ≥B∂≥…´

•Tb <Î»bD ¿˜^>•TbCLa‡ ´º <ÆP•CT <D™JC Bb≥ ÓC* •TÓJ ±N˜± <D<Ó∂» ´º $ ≥B∂≥…´ •TÚ £aÎbŸC* Pb£a yÎ P±b^> ´º $

Ó<£Ÿ •CT ≥B∂≥…´ ÓC* ™»NBN∂Æa <Î˜LN ±–<»Ób hÒb<±» ´º, ÆbC G•T •TbJC ±œÒŸ PC <D<Ó∂» ´º $ <Î˜LN •CT T±Ÿa £b‡C

´bÒ ÓCC ~⁄ »Òb kb‡C bÒ ÓC* ™•–T µbŸL G•T‡C º* »Òb <D™JC £bCDbC* bÒ ⁄<∑‘>» º $ B≥ÎbD <Î˜LN •CT <PŸ •CT

T±Ÿ ±bH™ P±∂VTLbC* ‡Ns» n>_ ´º $ <PŸ ÓC* ÓN•NT^>, •TbDbC* ÓC* •NT∑‘>J, ≥JC ÓC* ´bŸ, ¶cŸa‡, •T≥D, •TÓŸ ÓC* •TG^>

ÓC⁄Jb, ÎDÓbJb, µbC»a ¿bºŸ DN±ØŸ PC Ó<∑‘>» £CÎ»b •CT ±bAÎ∂ ™Ÿ ¿G•T» Dá* º $ ±–<»Ób •CT T±Ÿa £bCDbC* G•TDbŸC

±Ÿ <ÎÀbµŸ ±–£<~∂» ´º $ ÓN⁄b•…T<» ¿œ‡» Pbº|‡ »Òb ~ŸaŸ •Tb ¿b•TbŸ P»N<J» ´º $ ±–<»Ób •CT hDbD •CT kb£

±bDa •TbC y•T<_» •TŸ ¶cŸ <£~b •TÚ ¿bCŸ ±–Lb<J•Tb •CT Ób«‡Ó PC ÆJ <D˜•Tb<P» G•T‡C ÆbDC •TÚ —‡ÎhÒb º $

±–Lb<J•Tb ÓC* <P´ÓN⁄ •TÚ ¿b•…T<» <D<Ó∂» º $

DbŸb‡L±bJ „hÒ» DbŸb‡L Ó<£Ÿ ïò VTÚ^> J|kb (±ØÎ∂-±<A™Ó) »Òb ìò VTÚ^> ™bº˘b (¶cŸ-

£<[L) »Òb í VTÚ^> ò ™ T™a Æ≥»a ±Ÿ <D<Ó∂» ´º $ ≥B∂≥…´ •CT kb´Ÿ ¿E»ŸbJ •Tb Bb≥ <D<Ó∂» ´º ÆbC G•T

±–b™b‡∂, PCE™NŸa PaÓCE^> Ó´b<ÎÀbJ‡, kº•NT∑q> (<»e£b) <ÆJb-Ÿb‡±NŸ (n>.≥.)


DMV Journal


¿b‡»b•TbŸ º $ ¿E»ŸbJ »Òb Ó∑‘>± P‡Ns» ı± PC <D<Ó∂» º JCG•TD ¿J≥-¿J≥ º $ Ó∑‘>± •NTJ ëñ ±–h»Ÿ

h»BbC* ±Ÿ ¿bµbGŸ» º $ kh»Ÿ [C_ •CT Ó<£ŸbC* •CT Ó∑‘>± •TÚ <DÓb∂L ~ºJa •TÚ »NJDb ÓC* DbŸb‡L Ó<£Ÿ •CT Ó∑‘>±

ÓC* •TbVTÚ <BED»b ´º $ Ó∑‘>± <DÓb∂L •TÚ £…<˜^> PC ±bJa (<kJbP±NŸ) „hÒ» <~Î Ó<£Ÿ PC •TbVTÚ Pb|‡»b ´º $

Ó∑‘>± •TÚ T±Ÿa n>» ⁄<∑‘>» º »Òb kb‡C »ŸVT •Tb Bb≥ ±ØL∂»# D˜^> ±–b‡# º <ÆP•CT ¿ÎJbC•TD PC ßb» bC»b

´º G•T Ó∑‘>± ≥N|k£b•TbŸ ÓC* <D<Ó∂» Ÿ´b bC≥b <ÆP•CT ¿£Ÿ •TÚ ±Ÿ»C* ÎJ‡b•TbŸ Ÿá bC≥a $ PBÎ»# Ó∑‘>± • a

‘>bCÓ •CT ¿b•TbŸ •TÚ n>» Ó«‡ •CT ™bŸ h»BbC* »Òb <Bœ»a •CT T±Ÿ ¿bµbGŸ» Ÿá ´bC≥a »Òb ¶P•CT <Î»bD •TÚ

Jkb ∂ ¿<µ•T bCDC •CT •TbŸL ÎC ¢‡b£b PÓ‡ »•T G^>•TÚ Dá* Ÿ´ P•TÚ bC≥a $ Ó<£Ÿ ÓC* ±–ÎC~ •TŸDC •CT <Jy ÓN⁄

Ó∑‘>± •CT kbŸ ±–ÎC~ ÙbŸ ÓC* µŸb»J PC Æ≥»a ÓC* ï ±–h»Ÿ Pa<›‡bC* •Tb <DÓb∂L G•T‡b ≥‡b ´º $ DbŸb‡L Ó<£Ÿ

±™ŸÒ ‡bCÆDb ÓC* <D<Ó∂» º $ Ó<£Ÿ •CT ¶«Î∂ <ÎE‡bP ÓC* ¿<µ˜q>bD Æflb »Òb <~⁄Ÿ Bb≥ <D<Ó∂» º $ ‡´ Ó<£Ÿ

kh»Ÿ •CT Ó<£ŸbC* ÓC* ±ØL∂ <Î•T<P» Ó<£Ÿ ´º <ÆPÓC* ⁄ÆNŸb´bC* •CT PÓbD ¶cŸ BbŸ»a‡ ~ºJa •Tb <Ó<g» ±–BbÎ

£…<˜ £…<˜^>≥bC™Ÿ º $

P£B∂

ë. ŸbÆ•NTÓbŸ ~Ób∂ - Ó«‡±–£C~ •CT ±NŸb»œÎ •Tb P£B∂ ≥–Ò, BbC±bJ ëôóî, ±…˜q> íëò

í. JbJb Æ≥£J±NŸa - kh»Ÿ <»´bP yÎ Ph•…T<», BbC±bJ, ëôôî, ±…˜q> ñì-ñó

ì. DŸC~ •NTÓbŸ ±bq>•T - kh»Ÿ •CT <~Î Ó<£Ÿ ±NŸb»D, ¿•T - ëë, ±…˜q> ïí

î. áŸbJbJ ~NsJ - ¿b<£ÎbPa PbÓ»Îb£, <£eJa ëôòó, ±…˜q> ëñó


DMV Journal


vijk/k fu;a=.k esa iqfyl & iz”kklu dh Hkwfedk

“kks/k Nk=k ¼lekt”kkL=½ ia- jfo”kadj “kqDy fo”ofo|ky; jk;iqj

NRrhlx<+ jkT; 1]37]798 oxZ fdykehVj ks= esa Qsyk gqvk gSA izns”k esa vkS|ksfxdhdj.k] “kgjhdj.k]

tula[;k o`f) ,oa vU; lalk/kuksa ds pyrs vijk/k ds rjhds ,oa la[;k esa fujarj o`f) gks jgh gSA izns”k esa dqy

04 iqfyl jsat Øe”k% jk;iqj] fcykliqj ljxqtk ,oa cLrj gSA 20 iqfyl ftys ,oa 01 bZdkbZ “kkldh; jsy

iqfyl gSA izns”k esa vtkd efgyk] ;krk;kr ,oa v-v-fo- lfgr dqy 345 iqfyl Fkkus LFkkfir gSA izns”k esa

l”kL= iqfyl dh 13 cVkfy;u gSA Hkkjr jfkr okfguh dk eq[;ky;] jktukanxkao] narsokM+k] cyjkeiqj ,oa

dksjck esa gSA jk;iqj esa 44 iqfyl Fkkus 17 pkSdh gSA jk;iqj “kgj dh orZeku esa ks=Qy dh n`f'V ls c<+rk gqvk

vkdkj lkekftd lqjkk iznku djus ds fy, iqfyl&iz”kklu ij gh fuHkZj djrk gSA

Ikqfyl dh Hkwfedk %&

vkt iqfyl dks fofHkUu ks=ks esa gq, vkfFkZd jktuSfrd vkSj lkekftd ifjorZuksa ds dkj.k ,d ubZ

Hkwfedk fuHkkuh iM+ jgh gSA iqfyl& iz”kklu dk ekSfyd dRkZO; gSA dkuwuksa dk ikyu djkuk vkSj dkuwu

O;oLFkk cuk;s j[kuk ukxfjdks ds ekSfyd vf/kdkjksa dh jkk djuk] vijk/k vkSj vijkf/k;ksa dk neu dj

ukxfjdksa dh tku vkSj eky dh jkk djuk gSA yksxks dks ns”k esa fo|eku vijk/k dh tkudkjh us”kuy ^Øbe

fjdkM~l C;wjks^^ (National Crime Records Bureall) tks fd x`geU=ky; ds v/khu dk;Z djrk gS

blls Kkr gksrh gSA ewy vk/kkj iqfyl LVs”ku Lrj ij Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk^^ (Indian Penal Code) rFkk

LFkkuh; o fof”k'V dkuwuksa (Local and Special Laws) ds varxZr ntZ eqdnesa gksrs gSA ftls ftyk ,oa

jkT; Lrj ls C;wjksa dks miyC/k djk;k tkrk gSaA blds vfrfjDr ;g C;wjksa 12 egkuxjksa ls Hkh blh izdkj ds

vkWdM+s ladfyr djrk gSA


•NT. ‡bC≥Ób‡b Pb´R

DMV Journal


rkfydk Øekad & 1Hkkjr esa 1999 rFkk 2010 esa Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk ds varxZr ntZ fofHkUu izdkj ds vijks/kks dh la[;k o izfr”kr ifjorZu

Øe

la[;k

vijk/k dk izdkj 1999 esa dqy vijk/kkas dh

la[;k

2010 esa dqy vijk/kksa dh

la[;k

n'kd esa ifjorZu izfr”kr

esa ¼+o`f) @ & deh½

1- gR;k 39,174 (4.6) 36,202 (3.5) -7.6

2- gR;k dk iz;kl 29,778 (3.5) 31,528 (3.1) +5.9

3- Ekuo o/k 4,243 (0.5) 3,367(0.3) -20.6

4- CkykRdkj 10,410 (1.2) 16,075 (1.6) +54.4

5- vigj.k

A- efgykvks dk

AA- vU;ksa dk

20,079 (2.4)

14,283 (1.7)

5,796 (0.7)

22,287 (2.2)

14,645 (1.4)

7,842 (0.8)

+12.0

+2.5

+35.3

6- MdSrh 10,831 (1.3) 6,154 (0.6) -43.2

7- MdSrh ds fy, rS;kjh o

,df=r gksuk

1,393 (0.2) 1,614 (0.2) +15.9

8- YkwVekj 26,428 (3.9) 19,901(1.9) -24.7

9- lsa/kekjh 1,32,087 (15.6) 1,01,182 (9.9) -23.4

10 pksjh 3,62,928 (42.9) 2,52,803 (24.6) -30.3

11- naxk 1,05,309 (12.4) 76,222 (7.4) -27.6

12- vkijkf/kd fo”okl?kkr 17,495 (2.1) 14,798 (1.4) -15.4

13- /kks[kk 27,466 (3.2) 44,727 (4.4) +62.8

14- Ny diV 4,467 (0.5) 1,683 (0.2) -62.3

15- vkxtuh - 10,534(1.0) -

16- PkksV - 2,71,487 (26.4) -

17- ngst gR;k - 6,851 (0.7) -

18- NsM+ NkM+@mRihM+u - 34,124 (3.3) -

19- ;kSu mRihM+u - 9,746(0.9) -

20- ifr ,oa vU; fj”rsnkjksa

kjk djuk

- 49,170 (4.8) -

21- yM+fd;ksadk vk;kr - 114 (0.0) -

22- Ykijokgh ls gR;k - 57,182 (5.6) -

23- vU; vijk/k 8,86,287 (10407) 7,01,362 (68.3) -20.9

dqy vijk/k 16,78,375 (198.3) 17,69,308 (172.3) 5.4


DMV Journal


rkfydk Øekad 1 ls Li'V gksrk gS fd gR;k dk iz;kl] cykRdkj vigj.k o MdSrh ds fy, rS;kjh o ,df=r gksuk rFkk /kks[ks nsus tSls vijk/kksa esa o`f) gqbZ gSA tcfd gR;k ekuo o/k] MdSrh] ywVekj] lsa/kekjh] pksjh] naxk] vkijkf/kd fo”okl?kkr] NydiV o vU; vijk/kks dh la[;kvks esa deh gqbZ gSaA dqy vijk/kksa esa fiNys n”kd esa 5-4 izfr”kr dh o`f) gqbZ gSA LFkkuh; o fof”k'V dkuwuksa ds varxZr ntZ ekeyksa dks ns[ks ftlls irk pyrk gS fd e|fu'ks/k ¼u”kkcanh½ vf/kfu;e ds varxZr lcls vf/kd vijk/k gksrs gS rFkk os fujUrj c<+rs vk jgsa gSA nwljs uEcj ij tqvk [ksyrs gq, idM+s tkus okys vijkf/k;ksa dk LFkku rhljs ij vkcdkjh vf/kfu;e ds varxZr idMs+ x, vijkf/k;ksa dk LFkku rFkk pkSFks uEcj ij xSj & dkuwuh gfFk;kj j[kus ds tqeZ esa idM+s x, vijkf/k;ksa dk LFkku vkrk gSA lu~ 2010 esa Hkkjr ds fofHkUu jkT;ksa ,oa dsUnz “kkflr izns”kks esa vijk/k dh nj rkfydk Øekad 02 esa izLrqr fd;k x;k gSA

rkfydk Øekad & 2Hkkjr ds fofHkUu jkT;ksa rFkk dsUnz “kkf'kr izns”kksa esa 2010 esa vkbZ-ih-lh- ds vijk/k ds ekeys vk;ru rFkk vijkf/krk dh Js.kh%&jkT; dsUnz “kkflr izns”k

Ø;

l a[; k

jkT;@ d sUn z “ kkfl r i zn s” k v ijk/k d s d qy

e key s

i wj s Hkkjr e sa

i zfr” kr

d qy vijk/kk s d k

v k;ru

vijkf/kr k d h

J s. kh

1 - v k a/k z i zn s” k 130089 7 -4 171 -8 19

2 - v: .kkpy i zn s” k 2342 0 -1 214 -7 9

3 - vle 36877 2 -1 138 -4 22

4 - fcg kj 88432 5 -0 106 -7 26

5 - N Rr hlx< + 38460 2 -2 184 -9 14

6 - Xkk so k 232341 0 -1 174 -2 18

7 - Xk qt jkr 103419 5 -8 204 -4 11

8 - g fj; k. kk 38759 2 -2 183 -8 16

9 - fge kpy i zn s” k 11499 0 -6 189 -2 13

10 - t Ee w v k Sj d ”e hj 19505 1 -1 193 -7 12

11 - > kj[ k.M 25447 1 -4 94 -6 29

12 - d u k ZVd 109098 6 -2 206 -9 10

13 - d sjy 103847 5 -9 326 -2 4

14 - Ek/;i zn s” k 181741 10 -3 301 -0 5

15 - eg kj k"V ª 171233 9 -7 177 -0 17

16 - e f. ki qj 2489 0 -1 104 -2 27

17 - e s? kky ; 1687 0 -1 78 -2 33

18 - fet ksje 2246 0 -1 252 -1 7

19 - u kx ky S.M 1234 0 -1 62 -0 34

20 - mM +hl k 46661 2 -6 127 -1 23

21 - Ik at kc 27774 1 -6 114 -3 24

22 - j kt LFkku 155185 8 -8 274 -8 6

23 - fl fDd e 444 0 -0 82 -2 31

24 - r feyu kM q 154801 8 -7 249 -2 8

25 - f=i qj k 2801 0 -2 87 -8 30

26 - m Rrji zn s' k 178129 10 -1 107 -3 25


DMV Journal


NRrhlx<+ iqfyl dh egRoiw.kZ miyfC/k;k %& ¼1½ jk;x<+ iqfyl us 50 yk[k :i;s ds gkFkh nkar idM+s %& ;krk;kr iqfyl us gkFkh nkar ,oa oU; izkf.k;ksa

ds peM+s ,oa gfM+;ks dh rLdjh djus okys varjkT;h; fxjksg ds nks lnL;ksa dks idM+us esa lQyrk vftZr dh gSaA iqfyl us vkjksfi;ksa ds ikl 50 yk[k :i, ds 4 ux gkFkh nkar ,oa 1 ux tcM+k cjken fd;k gSaA

¼2½ varjjkT;h; tkylkt cLrj esa fxj¶rkj %& txnyiqj ,oa dkadsj ftys dh iqfyl us cSad dk psd dEI;wVj ls gwcgw cukus esa ekfgj iatkc fuoklh v”kksd caly dks cM+h lrZdrk ,oa lw>cw> ls ukdkcanh dj fxj¶rkj fd;kA v”kksd caly us fcykliqj fLFkr dksjl tujs”ku esa 2 yk[k dk QthZ psd] xksafn;k ¼egkjk'Vª½ ds MsYVk ekdsZfVax esa 2 yk[k dk QthZ psd Vªsdj fHkykbZ fLFkr flfod lsaVj ds ,Dly bysDVªfuDl esa 2 yk[k o lnj cktkj nqxZ fLFkr ,e ch ,l dEI;wVlZ rFkk dksjck fLFkr Mhdsu lfoZflax dksjck esa nqdkunkjksa dks 5 vyx vyx txgksa esa dwVjpuk dj /kks[kk/kM+h ds dkjukeksa dks vtkae nsus ds ckn txnyiqj igaqpdj o/kZeku dEI;wVj esa iatkc us”kuy cSad dk 1-44 yk[k dk QthZ psd nsdj Qjkj gks x;kA ftldh lwpuk o/kZeku dEI;wVj lapkyd kjk cSad igqapus ds ckn flVh dksrokyh iqfyl dks vkjksih dh gqfy;k lfgr tkudkjh esa ukdkcanh ds nkSjku vkjksih dks dkadsj iqfyl kjk fxj¶rkj dj tsy Hkstk x;kA

¼3½ vUrjjkT;h; MdSr fxjksg ds 4 bukeh MdSr fxj¶rkj %& t”kiqj ftys ds xzke ujejxk ds taxy esa varjjkZT;h; fxjksg ds 4 bukeh MdSrks Øe”k% bf”r;kd mQZ ukxs”oj mQZ vly; valkjh ftyk t”kiqj vYrkQ gqlSu mQZ ohfM;ks ftyk jkaph ¼>kj[k.M½ bekjku valkjh mQZ lkeh valkjh ftyk jkaph ¼>kj[k.M½ dks gfFk;kj lfgr fxj¶rkj djus esa iqfyl dks lQyrk feyh gSA fxj¶rkj djus esa iqfyl dks lQyrk feyh gSaA fxj¶rkj MdSrksa ls ,d 12 cksj canwd] 9 ftank dkjrwl] 2 Hkjld canwd] 315 cksj dk ns”kh dV~Vk ,oa dkjrwl cjken fd;k x;k gSA buds f[kykQ MdSrh cykRdkj] vigj.k] ywV ,oa voS/k olwyh ds vuds izdj.k ntZ gSaA

¼4½ lyok tqMwe jSyh ¼vke lHkk½ esa 72 la?ke lnL;ksa dk vkRe leZi.k %& cLrj ks= esa 3 fnu dh in~ U;k=k ds Ik”~pkr 16 uoEcj 06 dks eqBHksM+] eksndiky Hkksiky iV~ue esa lyok tqMwe dh ,d fo”kky vke lHkk vk;ksftr dh xbZ FkhA Hkksiky iV~ue esa djhc 30 gtkj dh la[;k esa xzkeh.k lyok tqMwe jSyh esa “kkfey gq, FksA vke lHkk ds nkSjku 72 la?ke lnL;ksa us vkRe leiZ.k fd;k bruh cM+h rknr~ esa xzkeh.kksa ds lyok twMwwe jSyh o vkl&ikl ds xzkeh.k dkQh mRlkfgr FksA blls ugh ,d vksj uDlfy;ksa dk eukscy fxjk gSaA og nwljh vksj vke turk dk “kklu ds izfr fo”okl c<+k gSA ;g yksdra= ij fo”okl ,oa mldh n`<+rk dk izrhd gSSA

ð Hkkjrh; ifjn`”; esa vkradoknh xfrfof/k;ka %& nks n”kdksa ls Hkh vf/kd le; ls Hkkjr vkradoknh geyksa dk fu”kkuk curk vk jgk gSaA vkSj vHkh Hkh ogh LFkfr gSaA iatkc esa vkradokn us igys dkQh [kycyh iSnk dh vkSj vc d”ehjh mxzoknhA uDlyoknh vkSj mRrj iwoZ ds Hkkxksa esa mHkjrs ckxh xqV dkQh fouk”kdkjh fLFkfr iSnk dj jgsa gSaA 13 fnLecj 2001 dks Hkkjrh; laln ij fd;k x;kA vkradoknh geyk Hkkjrh; iztkra= ij fd, x, izgkj ds :i esa ns[kk x;kA ekuof/kdkj laca/kh


DMV Journal


ekunaMks ds izfr laosnu”khy jgrs gq, vkradokn ls tw>uk vkSj vkradoknh geyksa ls vk, yksxksa ds thou vkSj laifRr dks lqjfkr j[kuk vc iqfyl ds fy, pqukSrh Hkjk dk;Z cu x;k gSA bl lnaHkZ esa jksdFkke ds mik;ksa dh fof/k;ksa ,oa izd`fr dks le>uk vkSj vkradokn laca/kh xfrfof/k;ksa ds lanHkZ esa iqfyl kjk dh tkus okys dk;Zokgh dks le>uk gekjs fy, fo”ks'k egRo j[krk gSaA

ð vkraokfn;ksa dh fxj¶rkj ds ckn iqfyl kjk dh tkus okyh dk;Zokgh %& ¼1½ fgjklr esa fy, x; O;fDr dks tc Fkkus yk;k tkrk gS oks viuh fxj¶rkjh dh lwpuk vius fdlh

ijefegA ¼2½ ;fn ,slk fey ; lxk laca/kh ckgj fdlh NksVs “kgj ;k ftys esa jgrk gS rks mls fgjklr esa fy, x,

O;fDr ds canh cuk, tkus dk le;] LFkku vkSj canhx`g ds LFkku tSlh t:jh ckrsa okj ls lwfpr djsaA ¼3½ fgjklr dk C;ksjk jftLVkj esa Hkjsa vkSj ,sls O;fDr dk uke Hkh fy[ksa ftls bl lanHkZ esa lwfpr fd;k

x;k gS vkSj ,sls dfeZ;ksa@vf/kdkfj;ksa dk uke Hkh fy[ksa ftudh fgjklr esa O;fDr dks j[kk x;k gSA ¼4½ ;fn canh vuqjks/k djrk gS rks ml le; mlds “kjhj ij ektwn cM+h NksVh pksV vkfn ij /;ku nsrs gq,

mldh tkap djsaA canh vkSj iqfyl vf/kdkjh kjk ßfujhk.k eseksaÞ ij gLrkkj djrs le; ,slh pksV dh foLr`r tkudkjh Hkh vo”; HkjsaA

¼5½ 48 ?kaVs ds ckn izf”kfkr MkWDVj ls canh dh fpfdRlk tkap djk,A ¼6½ iwNrkN ds nkSjku canh dk vius odhy ls feyus dk iwjk vf/kdkj gSaA ¼7½ cafn;ksa ds lkFk ekuoh; ,oa mfpr O;ogkj djsaA ¼8½ cafn;ksa dh le;≤ ij visfkr ,oa [kku&iku dh cqfu;knh t:jrksa dks iwjk djrsa jgsaA ¼9½ cafn;ksa dh /kkfeZd ,oa uSfrd vkLFkk dk lEeku djsaA¼10½ iwNrkN ds nkSjku fgalk dk iz;ksx u djsaAð vkradokn ds fo:) viuk, tkus okys mik;ksa esa iqfyl dh lgHkkfxrk ds lanHkZ esa varj&jk'Vªh;

visx,aa %&o'kZ 1990 esa vijkf/k;ksa ds lkFk fd;s tkus okys O;ogkj vkSj vijk/k dh jksdFkke ij vkBoha ;w-,u-dkaxzsl kjk vk;ksftr lHkk esa vkradokn laca/kh fgalk dh jksdFkke esa vrajk'Vªh; lg;ksx dks vkSj vf/kd c<+kus ij tksj fn;k x;kA

¼1½ dkuwuksa ykxw djus okys vfHkdj.kksa] vfHk;kstuk laca/kh izkf/kdj.kksa vkSj U;k;ikfydk ds chp vkilh rkyesy cukukA

¼2½ vijk/k dh jksdFkke ds fy, dkuwu ykxw djus okys vf/kdkfj;ksa ds chp vfHkdj.kksa ds Hkhrj lg;ksx vkSj ,drk dks c<+kok nsukA

¼3½ vijk/k dh jksdFkke vkSj naM nsus esa varjjk'Vªh; lg;ksx dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, fof/k izorZu dfeZ;ksa dh f”kkk ,oa izf”kk.k dks c<+kokA

ofj'B vf/kdkfj;ksa ds vkns”kksa ds ikyu djuk vkSj U;k;ikfydk] ihfM+rks vkSj vkradokn ds lanHkZ esa p”enhn xokgksa dh lqjkk djukA ;fn fdlh O;fDr ij vkradokn Qykus dk vkjksi gS ;k bl lanHkZ esa mldk nks'k flag gks pqdk gS fQj Hkh mlds lkFk fdlh rjg dk HksnHkko ugha fd;k tkuk


DMV Journal


pkfg, vkSj bl lanHkZ esa varjjk'Vªh; Lrj ij ekU;rk izkIr ekuof/kdkjksa ,oa ekunaMks dk Hkh ikyu fd;k tkuk pkfg,A vkradokn ds lanHkZ esa varjjk'Vªh; Lrj ij iqfyl ls visfkr ftEesokfj;ksa ,oa drZO; esa “kkfey gSaA

¼4½ vkradoknh xfrfof/k;ksa ls fuiVus vkSj jksdFkke ds mik; djuk vkSj bUgsa dkuwu ds gokys djukA ¼5½ vkradokn ls tw>us ds fy, varjjk'Vªh; Lrj ij lq>k, x, visfkr lk/kuksa ,oa mik;ksa ds izfr

tkx:drk mRiUu djukA ¼6½ Vdjko] vO;oLFkk vkSj “kkafr dh fLFkfr esa ekuof/kdkjksa vkSj ekuoh; ekudksa dk vuqikyu djukA ¼7½ vkikrdkyhu fLFkfr esa Hkh dqN cqfu;knh vf/kdkjksa lqfuf”pr djsaA thus dk vf/kdkj] ;kruk vkSj

nqO;Zogkj ij jksd xqykeh vkSj ijk/khurk dh eukgh] lafonkxr drZO;ksa dk iwjk u dj ikus dh fLFkfr esa canh cukus ij jksd iwoZ O;kih fof/k dks ykxw djus ij jksd vr% dj.k /keZ vkSj lksp dh Lora=rk dk vf/kdkjA vO;oLFkk dh jksdFkke vkSj rqjar dkuwu O;oLFkk ykxw djus dh kerk vkSj ekuoh; <ax ls bu dk;ksZa dks djukA ;s lHkh ckrsa iqfyl laca/kh mi;qDr vkSj lca/k gFkdaMks dks ykxw djus ij fuHkZj gSaA iqfyl ds rduhdh dkS”ky vkSj blh ds en~nsutj O;kogkfjd izf”kk.k dk bl ks= esa fu.kkZ;d egRo gSSaA

lnaHkZ %& ¼1½ I.G. Police M.P. (1963) History of M.P. Police, The Inspector General of

Police Madhya Pradesh. ¼2½ mes”k dqekj flag] ¼1997½ efgyk,¡] vijk/k vkSj iqfyl uohu “kkgnjk] fnYyhA ¼3½ y-iz- rEcksyh] vf/koDrk ,oa lh-,u- vf/koDrk ¼1962½ fofo/k vijk/k vf/kfu;e] lqfo/kk ykQ

gkÅl izk-fy- HkksikyA ¼4½ y-iz- rEcksyh ,oa pUnzukFk >k ¼1985½ e/;izns”k iqfyl eSU;q;y ,oa iqfyl jsX;qys”ku] bUnkSjA ¼5½ dq:ks= & flrEcj ist 22]23 uoEcj ist 41 o'kZ 2007 fnlEcj ist 34¼6½ ;kstuk & vDVwcj 2009 ist 32¼7½ izfr;ksfxrk niZ.k uoEcj 2008 ,oa vDVwcj 2009-


DMV Journal


Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk cnyrk Lo:iMkW- fxfjtk 'kadj xqIrk

orZeku vkfFkZd ifjos'k esa fo'o ds ns'kksa dks vYifodflr vkSj fodflr ns'kksa esa oxhZdj.k djuk QS'ku

gks x;k gSA vYifodflr vkSj fodflr ns'kksa esa varj ,d izdkj ls vfu;fer vkSj dqN gn rd euekuk Hkh gSA

vYifodflr ns'kksa ds fodkl ds fy, fu;qDr la;qDr jk"Vª la?k us vYifodflr ns'kksa dks Li"V djrs gq, dgk gS

fd gesa vYifodflr ns'k* 'kCn ds vFkZ dks le>us esa dfBukbZ gqbZ gSA D;ksafd bl 'kCn dk iz;ksx mu ns'kksa ds

vFkZ dks le>us ds fy, fd;k x;k gS ftudh izfr O;fDr okLrfod vk; la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk] dukMk]

vkWLVªsfy;k vkSj if'peh ;wjksi dh izfr O;fDr vk; dh rqyuk esa de gSA bl vFkZ esa bUgsa fu/kZu ns'k dguk mfpr

gksxkA vr% Li"V gS fd vYifodflr ns'k ,d lkisk 'kCn gS ftlds vUrxZr mu jk"Vªksa dks lfEefyr fd;k tkrk

gS tgk¡ izfr O;fDr okLrfod vk; la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk ds izfr O;fDr okLrfod vk; dh ,d pkSFkkbZ ls de gSA

vr% bu ns'kksa dks fodkl'khy vFkZO;oLFkk ds :i esa la;qDr jk"Vª la?k kjk lacksf/kr fd;k x;kA fo'o

dh dqy tula[;k dk yxHkx 44-3 izfr'kr tula[;k bu fodkl'khy vFkZO;oLFkk esa fuokl djrk gS] ftUgsa

fo'o dh dqy vk; dk 17 izfr'kr izkIr gksrk gSA tcfd fodflr vFkZO;oLFkk esa fo'o dh dqy tula[;k dk

yxHkx 15 izfr'kr fuokl djrk gS ftUgsa fo'o dh dqy vk; dk yxHkx 80 izfr'kr Hkkx izkIr gksrk gSA bl

izdkj fodflr jk"Vª dk vk; Lrj fodkl'khy vFkZO;oLFkk ls vR;f/kd Åij gSA rFkk fo'o ds vf/kdre vk;

lzksrksa ij fodflr jk"Vªksa dk gh fu;a=.k gSA

Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ,d vYifodflr vFkZO;LFkk gS] tgk¡ fodkl ds O;kid laHkkouk,a ,oa lalk/ku

fo|eku gS] fdarq eq[; leL;k fo|eku gS] fdarq eq[; leL;k fo|eku lalk/kuksa dh vuqdwyre mi;ksfxrk kjk

vk; vtZu dh gSA vU; vYifodflr vFkZO;oLFkkvksa dh rjg gh Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dh leL;kvksa esa fo'kky

tula[;k vf'kkk] xjhch] csjkstxkjh vkfn dh leL;k,a fo|eku gSA Hkkjrh;ksa dh jk"Vªh; vk; dk eq[; vk/kkj

d`f"k gSA Lora=rk izkfIr ds i'pkr~ fd, x, vkfFkZd fu;kstu esa ns'k ds d`f"k ,oa xzkeh.k fodkl ds fy, O;kid

izko/kku fd;k tk jgk gS] ftuds ldkjkRed ifj.kke izkIr gq, gSA d`f"k mRiknu esa izkIr vkRe fuHkZjrk ns'k ds

egRoiw.kZ miyfC/k jgk gSA vkfFkZd fodkl ds fy, viukbZ xbZ fodkl j.kuhfr ds frh; pj.k esa fodkl ds

vk/kkj ij fodkl ds fy, lgdkfjrk ,oa lkoZtfud ks=ksa ds ek/;e ls vkS|ksfxd <k¡pk fuekZ.k lajpuk dks


P´b. ±–b«‡b±•T, Îb<L¢‡, £È≥b∂ •TbMJCÆ, Ÿb‡±NŸ (n>.≥.)

DMV Journal


fu;kstu esa 'kkfey fd;k x;kA fu;kstu dky ds vkjafHkd pj.k esa izkIr ifj.kke larks"ktud Fks fdUrq tula[;k

esa rhoz o`f) us vkfFkZd fu;kstu ls izkIr ifj.kkeksa dks vR;f/kd izHkkfor fd;kA fodkl dh xfr esa o`f) ds fy,

vc lkoZtfud ks=ksa ds lkFk gh futh ks=ksa ds Hkkxhnkjh dks egRo fn, tkus ds O;kid izko/kku fd, x,] rkfd

fodkl dk dsUnzh;dj.k u gksdj iwjs ns'k esa foLrkj gksA futh ks=ksa dh Hkkxhnkjh c<+kus dk eq[; mÌs'; m|ksxksa

dk iwjs ns'k esa O;kid izlkj] jkstxkj ds voljksa dk l`tu rFkk foLrkj rFkk lalk/kuksa ds ek/;e ls d`f"k ds

lkFk&lkFk vkS|ksfxd mRiknuksa esa o`f) ,oa mRiknksa ds vf/kdkf/kd fu;fr ds ek/;e ls vk;&vtZu] fo'ks"k :i

ls fons'kh eqnzk esa vk; vtZu FkkA fu;kstu dky ds vkjafHkd pj.k esa fodkl ds fy, vko';d eqnzk ;k iwath ds

iwfrZ dk vk/kkj Lo&iwath ds vfrfjDr fons'kh _.k ls izkIr iwath fo'kky Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa fodkl ds y;ksa

dks izkIr djus ds fy, Lora= fons'kh iwath dh vko';drk gksrh gSA Hkkjr esa vkfFkZd fodkl dh xfr c<+kus ds

fy, tqykbZ 1991 esa mnkjhdj.k] futhdj.k ,oa oS'ohdj.k dh uhfr viukbZ xbZA

bl uhfr dks viukus ds lkFk gh ns'k esa vkfFkZd fodkl dk u;k nkSj izkjaHk gqvkA bl uhfr ds viuk,

tkus ds 15 o"kksZa ds i'pkr~ ewY;kadu fd;k tkuk vko';d gS fd D;k vkfFkZd fodkl dk ;g ekWMy gekjs ns'k ds

fy, mi;qDr gSA vkfFkZd fodkl dh bl uhfr us tgk¡ ,d vksj ns'k esa cM+h daifu;ksa] fons'kh fuos'k] fof'k"V oxksZa

,oa ks=ksa esa jkstxkj o fodkl ds volj esa o`f) dh] ogha nwljh vksj blds dkj.k ns'k ds ijaijkxr mRiknu ,oa

jkstxkj ds ks=ksa dks vR;f/kd gkfu gqbZA mnkjhdj.k dh uhfr;ksa ds ifj.kke Lo:i vkfFkZd le`f) dk ks=

ladqfpr gks x;k] tks gekjs ns'k ds lektoknh Lo:i ij iz'ufpUg yxk jgk gSA bl uhfr ds ifj.kke Lo:i ns'k

ds vkfFkZd vkSj vkS|ksfxd ks= esa cM+h daifu;ksa iwathifr;ksa] fons'kh fuos'kd laLFkkvksa dh c<+rh Hkkxhnkjh vkfFkZd

dsUnzh;dj.k dks iznf'kZr djrh gS] tks gekjs ns'k ds vkfFkZd lkekftd ,oa vkfFkZd O;oLFkk ds fy, ?kkrd gSA

LkanHkZ XkzaFk

1- MkW- Mh-ch- flUgk & Hkkjr dk vkfFkZd fu;kstu fdrkc ?kj] Xokfy;j

2- xqIrk ,oa lDlsuk & Hkkjr esa m|ksxksa dk laxBu ,oa foRr O;oLFkk] uo;qx lkfgR;]

vkxjk 1971&72

3- izfr;ksfxrk niZ.k izfr;ksfxrk izos'k

4- Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk :nz] ds-th- lqUne ,l- pUn ,.M da- fy-

5- nSfud lekpkj i= ,oa if=dk,a

6- fjtoZ cSad cqysfVu


DMV Journal


miHkksDrk lajk.k ,oa lekt ij mldk izHkko

lgk- izk/;kid lekt”kkL=] 'kkl- nw-c- efgyk LukrdksRrj egkfo|ky;] jk;iqjlgk- izk/;kid laLd`r 'kkl- nw-c- efgyk LukrdksRrj egkfo|ky;] jk;iqj

lekt dk izR;sd O;fDr miHkksDrk dh Js.kh esa vkrk gS A og viuh leLr vko”;drkvksa dh iwfrZ

cktkj ls djrk gS bl gsrq og pkgrk gS fd mls mfpr ,oa lgh oLrq,a lqfo/kkvksa lfgr izkIr gks A miHkksDrk]

cktkj dks xfreku cuk, j[kus okyk O;fDr gksrk gS A vr% fuekZrk] forjd vFkok foØsrk miHkksDrk dh

lqfo/kkvksa ,oa lsokvksa dks iw.kZ :i ls /;ku j[kus okyk gksuk pkfg, A igys ;g ekuk tkrk Fkk fd miHkksDrk dh

larqf"V gh foØsrk dh lQyrk gS vr% foØsrk miHkksDrk ds lkFk fdlh Hkh rjg ds Ny&diV ls nwj jgrs Fks A

fdUrq le; ifjorZu ds lkFk&lkFk euq"; esa LokFkZ dh izo`fRr T;ksa&T;ksa c<+h og miHkksDrk

dh lqfo/kkvksa] lsokvksa vkSj muds fgrksa dh miskk djus yxk A vkt m|ksxifr ,oa foØsrkvksa dk ,dek= mn~ns”;

vf/kd ls vf/kd ykHk vftZr djuk jg x;k gS A blds fy, og Ny&diV dk Hkh lgkjk ysus yxk gS ftlls

foØsrk ,oa miHkksDrk ds laca/kksa esa fo'okl lekIr gks x;k gS A ^^eky feV~Vh vkSj iSlk dynkj** tSlh ijaijk

cktkj esa py iM+h gS A dkuwu esa Hkh ^Øsrk dh lko/kkuh** tSls fu;e cu x, gSa A bldk ifj.kke ;g gqvk gS fd

vc oLrqvksa dks Ø; djrs le; Øsrkvksa dks gh lko/kku jguk gksrk gS A orZeku esa ;g /kkj.kk vk xbZ gS fd ^Øsrk

dks cktkj esa vk¡[k [kqyh vkSj dku cUn j[kus pkfg,** vFkkZr~ mls fdlh ij Hkh fo”okl ugha djrs gq, Lo;a dh

ij[k ls oLrq Ø; djuh pkfg, A

vkt miHkksDrk ix& ix ij Nyk tkus yxk gS A cktkj esa ?kfV;k DokfyVh dh oLrq,a

vf/kd dher ij feyus yxh gSa A feykoVh ,oa udyh oLrqvksa dh ck<+ vk xbZ gS vkSj rks vkSj LokLF; ds lkFk

f[kyokM+ djrh udyh nokb;k¡ Hkh cktkj esa txg cuk pqdh gSa A

ljdkj kjk nh tk jgh lsok,¡ tSls VsyhQksu] fctyh] cl] foeku] dqfdax xSl] vkokl vkfn

miHkksDrkvksa ds fy, vfHk”kki cuus yxh gSa A fctyh dh v?kksf"kr dVkSrh] vf/kd fcy] VsyhQksu lsok esa fuEurk]

vkokl dh leL;k] cl] jsy lsok,¡ vfu;fer jguk] xSl dh vuqiyC/krk vkfn fuEu ls fuEurj gksrh tk jgh gS

A

miHkksDrk ekeyksa esa lq/kkj gsrq laln vkSj jkT; ds fo/kkulHkkvksa kjk le;≤ ij vusd


DMV Journal


dkuwu cuk, x, A vko”;d oLrq vf/kfu;e] [kk| vifeJ.k fuokj.k vf/kfu;e] pksjcktkjh fuokj.k

vf/kfu;e] ,dkf/kdkj rFkk vojks/kd O;kikj O;ogkj vf/kfu;e vkfn ikfjr fd, x,] fdUrq vke vkneh dks

blls dksbZ ykHk ugha feyk A rRi”pkr~ miHkksDrk fgrksa dks lajk.k iznku djus laln dks 1986 esa miHkksDrk

lajk.k vf/kfu;e ikfjr djuk iM+k A

;g dkuwu 'kS”kokoLFkk esa gksus ds ckotwn miHkksDrk fgrksa ds lajk.k esa lekt esa Økafrdkjh

ifjorZuksa dks iznf'kZr dj jgh gS rFkk miHkksDrk vius lkFk gksus okys 'kks"k.k ls dqN jkgr ikus yxk gS A ;g ,d

,slk dkuwu gS ftldk Kku izR;sd O;fDr ¼miHkksDrk½ dks gksuk vko”;d gS A

^^,Me fLeFk** dk ;g dFku fd ^^cktkj dks miHkksDrkvksa ds loksZRre fgrksa dk xkj.Vj

le>k tkrk gS A** bls lkFkZd djus ds fy, bl fof/k dk Kku loZlk/kkj.k ds fy, vifjgk;Z gS A lafo/kku esa

ftl lkekftd ,oa vkfFkZd U;k; dh ppkZ dh xbZ gS mlds fØ;kUo;u ds fy, Hkh dkuwu dh tkudkjh ds lkFk

miHkksDrkvksa dks vius vf/kdkjksa vkSj drZO;ksa dk Kku Hkh vko”;d gS A mnkgj.kLo:i miHkksDrk eapksa ls rHkh

jkgr izkIr gks ldrk gS tc miHkksDrk ds ikl eky ;k lsok esa deh ;k =qfV ds i;kZIr izek.k gksa A

lekt dk Hkh ;g nkf;Ro curk gS fd miHkksDrkoknh laLd`fr esa lekt ds vanj uSfrd

ewY;ksa esa o`f) djs ftlls fd miHkksDrk cktkj ds cqjs ikksa ls cpk jgs A


‘>bM. PÆ‡ ™æb•TŸ yÎ ‘>bM. Pœ‡CEæÈ ~Ób∂

DMV Journal


hÎb»_‡bCcŸ •TÒb Pb<´œ‡ ÓC* DbŸa •TÚ „hÒ<»

‘>bM. ı±bJa ™bºµŸa

ÓDN˜‡ y•T PbÓb<Æ•T ±–bLa ´º ¿bºŸ PÓbÆ ÓC* Ÿ´•TŸ ÆaÎD <k»bDb ¶P•Tb hÎBbÎ ´º $ Pb<´œ‡ PÓbÆ •Tb y•T

¿<BED ¿≥ º, P •TbŸL PÓbÆ Ÿ [L, ±Ÿ, Ÿ ±GŸÎ»∂D ¶P•CT Pb<´œ‡ ÓC* ±–<»<k„|k» bC»b º $ P<Jy •T´ P•T»C

´º* G•T Pb<´œ‡•TbŸ PÓbÆ •Tb Æb≥ı•T ±–´Ÿa º $ PÓbÆ •TÚ Ÿ™Db Õa ¿bºŸ±Nı· £bCDbC* PC´bC»a º $ D £bCDbC* •TbC <BED £bC

PßbD ÓbD JCDb PÎ∂Òb kC ∂ÓbDa º $ Îh»N»# DbŸa ÓbH º ¿bºŸ DŸ ¶P•TÚ •…T<» $ DbŸa P…<˜^> º, DŸ P…ÆD $ DbŸa <~e±a º,

¿bºŸ DŸ ¶P•Tb <~e± $ DbŸa •TJb•TbŸ º, ¿bºŸ DŸ ¶P•TÚ •TJb•…T<» $ £bCDbC* y•T £RPŸC •CT <kDb ¿µNŸC ¿bºŸ ¿bºŸ <D˜±–bL º

$

‡<£ ´Ó ±–b™aD •TbJ •TÚ ¿bCŸ £…<˜^> £bº˘by »bC ÆaÎD •CT ´Ÿ [C_ ÓC* Õa ¿bºŸ ±Nı· ÓC* PÓbD»b á DÆŸ ¿by≥a $

±ŸE»N µaŸC-µaŸC PÓ‡ ka»DC •CT PbÒ-PbÒ DÓC* PÓbD»b-¿PÓbD»b •TCT±–AD ¶q>by ÆbDC J≥C $ ÓbDÎ PÓbÆ •CT

<Î<Îµ ±[bC* ±Ÿ ±–•Tb~ ‘>bJDC •CT <D<Óc ±Nı· ±b_ •TÚ ¿±C[b DbŸa ±_ •Tb Ób«‡Ó ¿<µ•T ¶±‡Ns» q>´Ÿ»b º, s‡bC*G•T

DbŸa ÓbDÎ PÓbÆ •CT ÓØJ <ÎÀÓbD º $ DbŸa PC PÓbÆ, P…<˜^>, ±–CŸL, ~Gs», ±–CÓ ¿b<£ Pk •NTn> ±b»b º $ P<Jy <É£a

Pb<´œ‡ ÓC* DbŸa ÆaÎD •CT <Î<Îµ ı± ¿G•T» G•T‡C≥‡C º* $ P <£~b ÓC* ±–CÓ™£ •Tb DbÓ ¶eJC⁄Da‡ º $

PbÓb<Æ•T „hÒ<» -

BbŸ»a‡ PbÓb<Æ•T —‡ÎhÒb ÓC* J˘•CT-J˘G•T‡bC* •Tb BC£BbÎ ±bGŸÎbGŸ•T h»Ÿ PC ±–bŸB ´bC Æb»b ´º $ DbŸa •TÚ

£bh»b P ±–•TbŸ ‡´b PC ±–bŸB bC»a º $ PbÓb<Æ•T •NTPh•TbŸbC* ÓC* DbŸa •CT ı± •TbC »Db ¿<µ•T <Î•…T» •TŸ <£‡b º G•T

•TbC ∂ BbŸ»a‡ J˘•TÚ •Tb ±–PÎ P´D Dá* •TŸ P•T»b $ J˘G•T‡bC* •TbC kCkP a Dá* G•T‡b Æb»b, µÓG•T‡bH Ba £a Æb»a º

$ £RPŸa ¿bCŸ ±Nı· •CT <Jy Dº<»•T ÓØe‡bC* •Tb <DLb∂‡•T Ba Îá Ÿ´b $

´ÓbŸ C£C~ ÓC* •Tb<ÓDa •T™D ÓC* ÙÙ PÓbP •CT PØ_ ≥NÒ•TŸ DbŸa •Tb ¿±ÓbD •TŸDC ÓC* ±Nı· •TbC P•TbC™ Dá* ´È¿b $

±Nı· ‡´ PÓΩ»C ´º* G•T ÓDN˜‡ Îá ´º, ¶Pa •TÚ ÓNGs» ÓDN˜‡ •Tb y•TÓb_ JÔ‡ ´º $ DbŸa •TbC Î´ •T™D •TÚ »Ÿ´

ÿn>bDNPbŸ hÎa•TbŸ •TŸ»b º ‡b œ‡b≥ •TŸ»b º $

¿bµN<D•T PÓbÆ ÓC* ±Nı· •TÚ kbº<X•T»b ¢‡bC*-¢‡bC* k›»a ™Ja Æb Ÿá ´º, œ‡bC*-œ‡bC* ¶P•Tb ¿´BbÎ »aÎ– PC

»aÎ–»Ÿ ¿bºŸ —‡b±•T PC —‡b±•T»Ÿ ı± ≥–´L •TŸ»b ™Jb Æb Ÿ´b º $ ¶P•TÚ P <ÎDb~bœÓ•T G•–T‡b •Tb PkPC ±´Jb ¿bºŸ

flb»•T <~•TbŸ DbŸa •TbC kDDb ±˘»b º $ PbÒ a £Ÿ-£Ÿ •TÚ q>bC•TŸC* Ba ⁄bDa ±˘»a º $ •TÓJCAÎŸ •Tb ‡´ •TÒD Pœ‡ º

G•T -""ÆbC Ph•…T<» DbŸa •TbC <Ó_ D ÓbD•TŸ BbC¬‡ ÓbDC ÎbC <»´bP ÓC* G•TPa ¿ÿÒa ±Ÿ±Ÿb ¿bºŸ Ph•TbŸbC* •Tb <DÓb∂L Dá*

•TŸ P•T»b'' $

DbŸa PC ÆN˘a ¿DC•T PÓh‡by ´º - <ÎµÎb PÓh‡b, ÎCA‡b PÓh‡b, £ĆÆ, ¿DÓCJ <ÎÎb´ ¿b<£ DbŸa ÆaÎD •TÚ

¿DC•T PÓh‡b¿bC*, ÆG^>J»b¿bC* »Òb <Î·Ó»b¿bC* •TbC <É£a ¶±E‡bPbC* ÓC* <Î~C·•TŸ ±–CÓ™£ ‡N≥aD ¿bºŸ ±–CÓ™£ ‡N≥aD

¶±E‡bPbC* ÓC* ¿DC•T ±Nı· yÎ Ó<´Jb JC<⁄•Tb¿bC* DC ¶BbŸ•TŸ DbŸa ÓD •TÚ PØÔÓ»b¿bC* •TbC <ÎAJC<·» •TŸDC •Tb PÎC∂±GŸ

±–‡œD G•T‡b º $

<ÎµÎb PÓh‡b -

DbŸa PÓh‡b ÓC* ÓNv‡ PÓh‡b º <ÎµÎb PÓh‡b $ PÓbÆ ÓC* <ÎµÎb¿bC* •TbC •TbC ∂ hÒbD ±–bÌ» Dá* º $ ¶EĆ* ¿œ‡»

P´b. ±–b«‡b±•T (<É£a) - <£~b Ó´b<ÎÀbJ‡, Ÿb‡±NŸ (n>.≥.)


DMV Journal


Ć‡ £…<˜^> PC £C⁄b Æb»b º, ¶EĆ* ±ND<Î∂Îb´ •TÚ hÎ»_»b Ba Dá* º $ •NTn> Æb≥ı•T ¶±E‡bP•TbŸbC* •Tb «‡bD DbŸa ÆaÎD

•CT P ±´JØ •TÚ ¿bCŸ •CT„Eæ» ´È¿b, ¿bºŸ E´bCDC P PÓh‡b •Tb PÓbµbD ˙Ø>˙> •TŸ <ÎµÎb Õa •TÚ ±–<»˜q>b •Tb ±–‡bP

G•T‡b $

´ÓbŸC PÓbÆ ÓC* G•TPa ~NB •Tb‡∂ ÓC* <ÎµÎb •Tb ±–ÎC~ Î<Æ∂» ´º $ PbÓb<Æ•T <ÎµbD •CT ¿DNPbŸ <ÎµÎb¿bC* •TbC ÓD

ÓbŸ•TŸ P£a∂ •TÚ h»mµ Ÿb» •TÚ »Ÿ´ ~bC•T PC <´Ó µÎJ ¿bºŸ Æ<˘» kD•TŸ £È<D‡b •TÚ DÆŸbC* PC ¿±DC •TbC k™b•TŸ ±œÒŸ

•CT £CÎ»b •CT ¿b≥C ÆaÎD <ÎP<Æ∂» •TŸDb ±˘»b º $

BbŸ»a‡ PÓbÆ ÓC* <ÎµÎb »bC ±Nı· ¿bºŸ Õa •TÚ £bCDbC* •TÚ £…<˜^> ÓC* ±<»» Òa $ ¶PC Pk•TÚ PCÎb »Òb ⁄N~bÓ£ •TŸDa

±˘»a Òa, <VTŸ Ba Î´ ¿b£Ÿ ¿bºŸ P´bDNBØ<» •TÚ Dá* fl…Lb •Tb ±b_ •Tb ±b_ PÓΩa Æb»a Òa $ Î´ kbJ <ÎµÎb ´bC ‡b

<D#P»bD ‡NÎ»a ‡b <DŸb<g»b $ G•TPa Ba „hÒ<» ÓC* ¶P•Tb ±ND<Î∂Îb´ Îb<n>» Dá* Òb $ <ÎµÎb Õa •TbC <DŸa´ kDbDC ÓC*

PÓbÆ •CT ¶D <D‡ÓbC* •Tb bÒ º, <ÆD•CT »´» Ÿ bJ» ÓC* DbŸa ±Ÿ ±<Î_»b ÒbC±a ≥ ∂ º $ ¶PC ¶P•Tb ±bJD •TŸDb a º

$ ÎŸDb PÓbÆ PC £Ÿ-£Ÿ B^>•TDC •CT <Jy ÓÆkØŸ •TŸ £C»b º $

ÎCA‡b PÓh‡b -

PÓbÆ DbŸa •TbC BbC≥ •TÚ Îh»N ÓbD•TŸ kbÆbŸ ÓC* Jb•TŸ ⁄˘b •TŸ <£‡b º $ Õa D ™b´»C Èy Ba yCPC •…Tœ‡ •CT <Jy

ÓÆØŸ bC Æb»a º $ ¿bºŸ yCPa <Õ‡bH PÓbÆ ÙbŸb hÎa•Tb‡∂ Dá* bC»a $ ÎC kP ±Nı· •TÚ ÎbPDb »…Ì» •TŸ»a º $ DbŸa ¿bÆ

PÓbÆ •CT <Jy y•T ™NDbº»a kDa ´È ∂ ´º, s‡bC*G•T ÆbC DbŸa P»aœÎ •TÚ •TPbº^>a ±Ÿ ⁄Ÿa ¶»Ÿ»a ´º ¶P•CT <Jy ‡´ •TbC ∂

<Î~C· kb» Dá* º, ±Ÿ ÆbC DbŸa ‘>≥Ó≥b Æb»a º, ¶PC ÎCA‡b •CT •TbCq>C ±Ÿ kºq>b <£‡b Æb»b º $

‡´ ÎCA‡bÎ…<c PÓbÆ •CT á ÙbŸb VºTJb ∂ ≥ ∂ ´º $ ¶P PÓbÆ DC ÆbC ¿ÓaŸ-≥Ÿak •TbC y•T á £…<˜^> PC £C⁄DC •Tb

<ÎÎC•T Dá* Ÿ⁄»C, ÆbC µD •TbC PÎbC∂±Ÿa ÓbD»C ´º* $ <ÆPPC <ÎÎ~ ´bC•TŸ ≥Ÿak flŸ •TÚ ¿bºŸ»bC* •TbC ¿±Db ~ŸaŸ kC™Db

±˘»b º $

£ĆÆ -

£ĆÆ ÆºPa PbÓb<Æ•T PÓh‡b •CT •TbŸL Ba DbŸa •TbC •T ∂ PÓh‡by P´D •TŸDa ±˘»a ´º $ ¿b£Óa •TÚ µD •TÚ

Ì‡bP •TBa ~b» Dá* bC»a $ ŸbÓ£c ±b∑‘>C •TÚ Pa ÓDbCÎ…<c •Tb <™_L ıs•TÚ kN¿b •TŸ»a º -

""y•T a kC^>b º ¶Pa PC ™b´»b º G•T fla •TÚ yCPa n>J•T»a q>C•TÚ <ÓJC, <ÆPPC ÆaÎD BŸ ±bH™bC* ¶≥<J‡bH ‘Ø>ka ŸĆ

$''

¿DÓCJ <ÎÎb´ -

¿DÓCJ <ÎÎb´ •Tb ÓNv‡•TbŸL —‡Gs» •TÚ ¿b<Ò∂•T ±GŸ„hÒ<»‡bH º $ £ĆÆ •Tb ¶<™» ±–kµ D •TŸ ±bDC •Tb •TbŸL

<±»b •TbC ¿±Da ±N_a •Tb <ÎÎb´ £È´bÆN J˘•CT PbÒ ‡b yPa a ¿DÓCJ <ÎÎb´ •TŸDC •CT <Jy <ÎÎ~ bCDb ±˘»b º $ •TBa-

•TBa P ±–•TbŸ •CT <ÎÎb´ •CT <Jy Pbh•…T<»•T ÓØe‡ Ba <Æ|ÓC£bŸ Ÿ´»C ´º* $ ¶±E‡bP•TbŸbC* •Tb «‡bD P PÓ∏b ±Ÿ Ba

•CT„Eæ» È¿b º $ Db≥bÆN∂D DC <D|D Ó«‡Ó Î≥∂ •TÚ ¶D PÓh‡b¿bC* •TbC •NT~J»b PC ¶BbŸb º ÆbC ¿Ba »•T G•TEá* •TbŸLbC*

PC Ÿ´ ≥‡a Òa, ¿bºŸ <ÆEĆ* Dº<»•T ÓØe‡bC* ¿bºŸ PbÓb<Æ•T £…<˜^> PC C‡ PÓΩb Æb»b Òb $

¿b<Ò∂•T „hÒ<» -

G•TPa Ba PÓbÆ •Tb >bH™b ¿Ò∂—‡ÎhÒb ±Ÿ ¿bµbGŸ» bC»b º £C~ •CT <Î•TbP ÓC* Ba ¿Ò∂—‡ÎhÒb •Tb k´È» Ó´œÎ

Ÿ´»b º$ ÆbC £C~ ¿b<Ò∂•T £…<˜^> PC <Æ»Db ÓÆkØ» bC≥b Î´ ¶»Db a ¶ED» bC≥b $

BbŸ» ±–bŸB PC á ≥–bÓbC* ÓC* <ÎBs» Ÿ´b ´º, ‡C ≥–bÓ á »k ¿Ò∂—‡ÎhÒb •CT ÓØJbµbŸ ÒC, Î´bH £º<D•T Îh»N¿bC* •Tb

¶œ±b£D bC»b Òb, ¿bºŸ <VTŸ Eá* Îh»N¿bC* •Tb <D‡b∂» Ba G•T‡b Æb»b Òb $ ¿≥–CÆbC* •CT ¿bDC •CT kb£ £C~ •TÚ ¿Ò∂—‡ÎhÒb

ÓC* k´È» ±<ŸÎ»∂D ´Èy $ ¿≥–CÆ á BbŸ» ÓC* —‡b±bŸa •CT ı± ÓC* ¿by ¿bºŸ µaŸC-µaŸC ¿b<Ò∂•T —‡ÎhÒb •CT [C_ ÓC* ¿±DC ±ºŸ


DMV Journal


ÆÓb <Jy $ ±GŸLbÓ ‡´ È¿b G•T ÎC ¿±DC a —‡b±bGŸ‡bC* •TbC k›bÎb <£y, ¿bºŸ BbŸ» Ób_ ⁄C<»´Ÿ £C~ kD•TŸ Ÿ´ ≥‡b $

Pa ¿Ò∂—‡ÎhÒb Pa PÓ‡ ±ØHÆa±<» Î≥∂ •Tb ÆEÓ ´È¿b $ µaŸC-µaŸC £C~ •TÚ ¿Ò∂—‡ÎhÒb ±ØHÆa±<»‡bC* •CT ´bÒ ÓC

¿b≥ ∂, ¿bºŸ £C~ •CT Ó«‡Ó »Òb PbÓbE‡ Î≥∂ •CT JbC≥bC* •CT P|ÓN⁄ ¿b<Ò∂•T P•T^> ¶±„hÒ» bC ≥‡b $

¿Òb∂BbÎ •CT •TbŸL DbŸa PÓbÆ •CT ¿E‡b‡ •Tb <ÎŸbCµ Dá* •TŸ ±b»a ´º, DbŸa •TÚ <ÎÎ~»b ¶P•TÚ ¿b<Òî•T

„hÒ<» •TbC JC•TŸ º $ DbŸa ±GŸ„hÒ<» •CT ¿DNPbŸ ¿±DC ¿b± •TbC ±GŸÎ»∂D •TŸDC •TÚ [Ó»b Ÿ⁄»a º $ ±Ÿ ¿b<Ò∂•T ¿BbÎ

¶PC <Î™<J» •TŸ £C»a ´º $ DbŸa •TbC D <Î‘>|kDb¿bC* PC ¶BŸDC •CT <Jy hÎbÎJka ´bCDb ÆıŸa ´º, ±Ÿ hÎbJkD •CT

kbÎÆØ£ Ba ÎC ±ØL∂ hÎ»_ Dá* º $

DbŸa •TbC •CTÎJ hÎ»_ bC•TŸ <DL∂‡ JC P•TDb ‡b ¿b<Ò∂•T ı± PC hÎ»_ bC ÆbDb a ¶P•TÚ ¿„hÓ»b Dá* º $ Pá

Ób‡DC ÓC* Õa •TÚ ¿„hÓ»b •Tb ¿Ò∂ bC≥b - Õa •CT ±–<» PÓbÆ •CT £…<˜^>•TbCL ¿bºŸ ÓbD<P•T»b ÓC* k£JbÎ <ÆPÓC* <Õ •Tb

⁄N£ •Tb £…<˜^>•TbCL Ba ~b<ÓJ º $

<D˜•T·∂ ı± ÓC* ‡´ •T´b Æb P•T»b º G•T hÎb»_‡bCcŸ •TbJ ÓC* —‡Gs» a ±–µbD º $ PhÒbyH ¿±Db ¿„h»œÎ ⁄bCDC

J≥a ´º $ —‡Gs» PC »bœ±‡∂ ‡´b DŸ ¿bºŸ DbŸa £bCDbC* PC ´º $ Æk —‡Gs» ´º, »bC ÆaÎD ´º, ¿bºŸ ÆaÎD ÓC* PÓh‡by ´bCDb

hÎbBb<Î•T º $ ¿»# Eá* PÓh‡b¿bC* •TÚ ¿bCŸ Pb<´œ‡•TbŸbC* •Tb «‡bD ÓNv‡ ı± PC •CT„Eæ» È¿b $ ™NG•T DbŸa ÆaÎD •TÚ

PÓh‡byH ¿<µ•T Òa, P<Jy DbŸa Pb<´œ‡ •TÚ ±–ÓN⁄ ±b_ kDa $

¿Ba DbŸa •TÚ „hÒ<» ÓC* <Î~C· ±GŸÎ»∂D Dá* È¿b º $ ¿Ba Î´ Îºßb<D•T ÆaÎD ÓC* PÓh‡b¿bC* PC <flŸa, •Tá* Î ±<»

ÙbŸb ±–»b<˘» ´º, »bC •Tá* ±GŸÎbŸ ÙbŸb $ ¿DÓCJ <ÎÎb´ ¶P•CT ÆaÎD •TbC <Î·bs» kDb Ÿ´b ´º $ £ĆÆ ¶P•CT <Jy

¿<B~b± º $ <ÎµÎb bCDb PÓbÆ •CT <Jy ¿Ó≥J º $ ¿b<Ò∂•T ı± PC Î´ ±<» ±Ÿ a ¿b<g» º $

hÎb»_‡bCcŸ •TbJ ÓC* DbŸa •TÚ „hÒ<» ÓC* »CÆa PC ±GŸÎ»∂D È¿b $ <~[b DC ¶P•CT <Jy •T ∂ Ób≥∂ ⁄bCJC $ DbŸa ¿k flŸ

kb´Ÿ £bCDbC* hÒbDbC* ±Ÿ £bC´Ÿa BØ<Ó•Tb <DBbDC J≥a $ ¶D•TÚ ÓbD<P•T»b ÓC* µaŸC-µaŸC —‡b±•T ±GŸÎ»∂D ¿b‡b $ ¿bÆ DbŸa

¿±DC ¿±DC <DL∂‡ JCDC ÓC* hÎ»_ º $ ±Ÿ ¿Ba Ba k´È» •NTn> ~C· º $ •T´DC •TbC DbŸa hÎ»_ º, ±Ÿ ¿b<~•T ı±PC Ób_ $

±–<»<£D DbŸa ±Ÿ bCDC ÎbJC ¿œ‡b™bŸ P•Tb ±–ÓbL º $ yCPb P<Jy º s‡bC*G•T „hÒ<»‡bC* ÓC ±GŸÎ»∂D •CT kb£ Ba DbŸa •CT

±–<» ±Nı· •Tb DÆGŸ‡b Dá* k£Jb º $ y•T hÎhÒ PÓbÆ •Tb <DÓb∂L »Ba bC P•T»b º, Æk Õa ¿bºŸ ±Nı· y•T £RPŸC •TÚ

BbÎDb¿bC* •TbC PÓΩC*≥C ¿bºŸ hÎhÒ Îb»bÎŸL •Tb <DÓb∂L •TŸC*≥C $

P£B∂ ≥–Ò PØ™a -

ë. ¶±£C~bC* •Tb ÓbŸb - •TÓJCAÎŸ , ±…˜q> - ëêí

í. —‡¬‡ <Î<Îµb - VTŸÎŸa ëôôí, ±…˜q> - ìô

ì. •T»∂—‡ kbCµ - Db≥bÆN∂D, ±…˜q> - ìî

î. BbŸ» y•T •T-•…T<· ±–µbD £C~ - ±…˜q> - óî


DMV Journal


MkW-jks'kuh feJk

lgk;d izk/;kid] fgUnh] nqxkZ egkfo|ky;] jk;iqj

e/;izns'k ds jkekuan Lokeh us jkekuqt dh ifjikVh esa ifj”dkj djds tutkfr vkSj tuHkk”kk ds rRo lfEefyr fd;s A mUgksuas jke HkfDr dh ,slh ikou /kkjk cgkbZ ftlls Hkkjrh; laLd`fr ,d u;s :Ik esa fu[kj mBh A lar dchj bUgh ds f'k”; Fks A xksLokeh rqylhnkl dk le; lkekftd vlarqyu dk Fkk A bl le; rd eqLyekuksa dk 'kklu Hkkjr esa te pqdk Fkk A Hkkjrh; Lora=rk rks xbZ gh laLd`fr Hkh [krjs esa iM+h Fkh A ^dfyey xzls /kje lc yqIr Hk;s] ln~xzafk** A yksd lq/kkjd ;k yksd er dh gkyr ;s Fkh fd&ijEijk dh vogsyuk gh c`f)okn~ ekuk tkrk Fkk A yksd dY;k.k vius 'kjhj vkSj ifjokj rd lhfer gks x;k FkkA vk/;kfRedrk ds uke ij yksx lR;yksd dh fpark esa pqj Fks A ,slh ifjfLFkfr ds la'kks/ku ds fy, fgUnh okM+-e; esa nks /kkjk,a feyrh gS& dchj ds Kkue; vkjk/; vkSj lwj ds izsee; vkjk/; dh A bl le; esa jk”Vª dks ,slk vkjk/; pkfg, Fkk tks /keZe; gks&lekt O;oLFkk dk laiknd gks A ;g rRo fn;k rqylh us A mUgksusa vuqjkx vkSj R;kx dk lkeatL; djus esa gh turk dh HkykbZ le>h A xksLokeh rqylhnkl us ^Jqfr lEer gfjHkfDr iFk la;qDr fojfr foosd** dgdj Hkkjrh; laLd`fr dh fo'ks”krkvksa dh vksj ladsr fd;k gS& Jqfr gh 'kkL= gS A gfjHkfDr ij yksddY;k.k fo/kku dk Li”V |ksru dj jgk gS A gfj fo'oaHkj rRo dk uke gS A yksd&dY;k.kdkjh rRo dk uke gS vkSj mlds izrhd gS& egkekuo jke ;k d`”.k A bl rRo ds izfr lUe;rk dk uke gh gfj HkfDr iFk A Hkkjrh; laLd`fr dk bruk O;kid :Ik fo|eku jgrs gq, Hkh yksdkiaFk x<+us esa yxs Fks Adforkoyh%&

Jqfr lEer gfj HkfDr iFk] la;qr fojfr foosd Arsfg ufga pyfga foeksg cl] dYifg iaFk vusd AA

mUgksus vius blh varO;ZFkk dks nwj djus ds fy, j?kqukFk xkFkk dks rS;kj fd;k A mudk jkepfjr ekul Hkkjrh; laLd`fr ds lewps :Ik dk izrhd cukA muds fopkj ls vf[ky Hkkjr dk vkSj Hkkjr ds kjk vf[ky fo'o dk ije vHkh”V gksuk pkfg, A

Hkkjrh; laLd`fr dks xksLokeh th dk lcls cM+k ;ksxnku gS& mudh nh gqbZ jkedFkk vkykspd&izoj jkeUæ 'kqDy us fy[kk gS& xksLokeh th ds opuksa esa ân; dks Li'kZ djus dh tks 'kfDr gS] og vU;= nqyHkZ gS A mudh okuh dh izsj.kk ls vkt fgUnq turk lkSan;Z ij eqX/k gksrh gS] egRo ij J)k djrh gS] 'khy dh vksj izo`Rr gksrh gS] lUekxZ ij iSj j[krh gS] foirh esa /kS;Z /kkj.k djrh gS A jke dk O;fDro A jke ds O;fDrRo ds nks igyw gS& igyk tudY;k.k dh n`f”V ls mudk e;kZnk iq:”kksRre :Ik vkSj nwljk gS lk/kdksa ds b”V&nso :Ik A xksLokeh th dh d`fr esa lk/kqer vkSj yksder nksuksa dk leUo; gS A vkpk;Z jkepUæ 'kqDy ds 'kCnksa esa&^^lk/kqer dk vuqlj.k O;fDr dk lk/ku gS ykssder yksd'kklu ds fy, gS A bu nksuksa dk letaL; xksLokeh th dh /keZ Hkkouk ds Hkhrj gs vkREk dY;k.k lk/kqer dk fo”k; gS jk”Vª dY;k.k yksder dk fo”k; gS A**

euq”; vius vkn'kZ dh iw.kZrk dh vksj lgt :Ik ls vkdf”kZr gksrk gS A ftl O;fDr esa ftruh vf/kd


≥bChÎbÓa »NJPa £bP •Tb Pbh•…T<»•T ¿Î£bD

DMV Journal


'kfDr] ftruk vf/kd 'khy vkSj ftruk lkSan;Z gksxk og tu lekt dks mruk gh vf/kd vkdf”kZr djsxk A jke esa 'kfDRk 'khy vkSj lkSan;Z dh ijkdk”Bk Fkh ;g xksLokeh th us cM+h lQyrk ds lkFk fpf=r fd;k A fo'ks”k ckr ;g Hkh gS fd mUgsa ekuo ân; ds brus vf/kd utnhd ykdj [kM+k dj fn;k gS fd gj dksbZ muesa viuh vkReh;rk dk vuqHko djus yxrk gS A vkpk;Z jkepUæ 'kqDy th us Bh gh fy[kk gS fd&^^fdlh Js.kh dk fgUnq gks] og vius izR;sd thou esa jke dks lkFk ikrk gS] lEifRr&foifRr esa] ?kj esa] ou esa] vkuanksRlo esa tgka nsf[k, ogka jke A tu lk/kkj.k dh J)k mudh vksj LokHkkfod Fkh A**

gksafga izse cl yksx bfe jke tgk¡ tgS tkfga AAcjur Nfc tga rga lcyksxw] vofl nsf[k, ns[ku tksxw Avl dks thotarq tx ekgha] ysfg j?kqukFk izkufiz; ukgha [kx e`x exu nsf[k Nfc gksgha] fy;s pksjh fpRr jke cVksghftUgfga fujf[k ex lkafifu chNh] rtfga fo”ke fo”k rkil rhNh AlkSan;Z dh og ekSu izkHkkokRedrk fulansg viw.kZ gS A ftlds dkj.k rkilh thoksa dk Hkh LoHkko cny

tk, A muds 'khy esa ije vkSnk;Z gS] dk:.; gS] 'kj.;Ro gS A mudk vkSnk;Z nsf[k;s& ^tks laifRr flo jko.kfg] nhfUg fn;s nlekFk AlksbZ lEink foHkh”k.kfga] ldqfp nhUg j?kqukFk AA

mudk dk:.; & dksey fpr vfr nhun;kyk] dkj.k fcuq j?kqukFk dìkyk AAmudk 'kjuRo & ee iu 'kjukxr Hki gkjh A

b”Vnso ds izfr J)k mRiUu djkus ds fy, blls c<+dj 'khy ds yk.k vkSj pkfg, D;k \ekuo yhyk dk 'khy Hkh muesa xtc dk Fkk A D;k etky fd dSdS;h] eaFkjk ;k lwiu[kk ds fy, Hkh muds eq[k ls dVq opu fudy tk, A tks jke dk 'khy gS] ogh mudh HkfDr Hkh A mudk 'kkjhfjd cy Hkh vkn'kZ Fkk] vkRe cy Hkh vkn'kZ A jkt R;kx&u dsoy v;ks/;k dk fdUrq fd”fda/kk vkSj yadk dk Hkh A bl vkn'kZ ekuoh 'kfDRk dks b”Vnso dh vuar nSoh 'kfDr esa ftl [kwch ds lkFk ifj.kr djds xksLokeh th us fn[kk;k gS] og vU;= nqyZHk tku iM+rk gS A mUgksusa jke dks euq”; ds :Ik esa] vorfjr izse vkSj lgkuqHkwfr ds ewrZ :Ik esa ns[kk gS A jke dk pfjr yksxksa ds lkeus thoar mnkgj.k gS blds kjk xksLokeh th us O;fDRk ds eksk dk mik; crk;k gS A jke vkSj jkepfjr ekul nksuksa gh cqf)thoh] nk'kZfud] vke vkneh lcls lacaf/kr gS A jkepfjr ekul* gh ,d ,slk xzaFk gS ftlus lcesa le Hkkouk tkx`r dj nh A ;gk¡ rd dh f'kfkr&vf'kfkr] /kuh&fu/kZu] tk¡r&ik¡r dh nwjh feVk nh A

thou dks ljl vkSj mRre cukus ds fy, egkekuo dk /;ku gh Ik;kZIr ugha] cfYd ;g Hkh vko';d gS fd J)kyq ml egkekuo dks viuh gj ifjfLFkfr esa vius lgk;d ds :Ik esa ikosa A mls ns'k vkSj dky ds ca/kukss ls eqDr ns[ks A xksLokeh th us jke esa blh rjg ds uj&ukjk;.k dh thfor tkx`r >kadh fn[kkbZ gS AMkW-ts-,e-esDdh egksn; us fy[kk gS& ^fd xksLokeh rqylhnkl dh jpuk esa euq”; :Ik Hkxoku dk ijerRo vkSj lPPk vk/;kfRed Lo:Ik vfHkO;Dr gqvk gS A Hkkjrh; lkfgR; esa mudk uk;d viuh lkuh ugha j[krk A*

xksLokeh th dk fn;k gqvk nwljk vewY; lkaLd`frd jRu gS mudk leHkfDRk iFk A lqizfl) dfo vCnqjZghe [kku[kkuk us fy[kk gS&^jkepfjr ekul foey] lUru thou izku fgUnqoku ds osn le] toufga izdV


DMV Journal


dqjkr AA bl HkfDr iFk esa ;ksx] ;K]ti] ri] miokl vkfn dk dksbZ izfrca/k ugha A bl iaFk esa ,d gh oLrq vHkh”V gS vkSj og gS&^^ljy lqHkko u eu dqfVykbZ] ;Fkk ykHk larks”k lnkbZ A** foku Jh tkenkj egk'k; us êkul gal* uked xzaFk esa ladsr fn;k gS&^xksLokeh th vdcjh jkT; ls fons'kh eqgEenh jkt ls vlarq”V Fks blhfy, jko.k jkT; esa dqN mldk lk gh fp=.k djds jke ds kjk mldk fo/oal djk;k gS A* bl lanHkZ esa vkpk;Z cynso izlkn feJ dk fopkj gS&^xksLokeh th dks vius le; dh oLrqfLFkfr dk iwjk Kku Fkk tSlk fd dfy/keZ o.kZu ls fofnr gksrk gS vkSj mUgsa [kjh&[kjh dgus ls fdlh izdkj dk Mj ;k ladksp ugha FkkA*^^nksgkoyh** ds bl nksgs ls bl ckr dh iqf”V gksrh gS&

xksaM+ xaokj uìky efg] tou egkefgiky Alke u nke u Hksn dNq] dsoy n.M djky AA

Hkkjrh; lqlaLd`r lekt esa ml le; oSfnd i)fr dk cgqr tksj FkkA ml i)fr esa f'ko 'kfDr vkSj fo”.kq dh mikluk cgqr izpfyr Fkh A voSfnd i)fr esa tSuksa dh ekU;rk Fkh ;k lar uke /kkjh fujkdj okfn;ksa dh A lxq.k lkdkj ds [k.Mu fd;s tkus ij mUgksusa rdZ dh viskk J)k vkSj Hkkouk ij gh fo'ks”k cy fn;k&

tkdh jgh Hkkouk tSlh] izHkq ewjfr ns[kh fru rSlh ân; Hkxfr tl izhfr] izHkq rag izxV rkfg rl jhfr A

rRdkyhu 'kkDrksa esa 'kfDr iwtk ds lkFk rkaf=drk lfEefyr gks pqdh Fkh A xksLokeh th 'kkDrksa dh bl iajijk ls vlger Fks] ij mUgksusa txnEck ds fo”k; esa loksZPPk Hkkouk,Wa O;Dr dh&

ufga rc vkfn e/; volkukvfer izHkko osn ufga ukuk

Hko&Hko foHko ijkHko dkfjfufoLo foeksfgfu Locl fogkfjfu AA

xksLokeh th vius fy, dgrs gSa fd mUgsa jke uked egkea= fey pqdk gS mudk jke HkfDr iFk yksd&dY;k.k dh Hkkouk ls vksr&izksr gS A blesa leUo; gks x;k gS A xksLokeh rqylhnkl th dk lkaLd`frd vonku vxj ,d jkepfjr ekul esa gh ns[kk tk, rks vdF; gS A

xksLokeh dk fn;k gqvk rhljk lkaLd`frd jRu gS& mudk lkfgR; fo”k;d n`f”Vdksa.k A fdlh Hkh ekud&lekt dh lkaLd`frd vfHkO;fDr dk lcls egRoiw.kZ lk/ku gksrk gS lkfgR; A mldk izO;k laca/k vkuan ls gS A paqfd ekuoh vkn'kZ esa lr for~ vkuan vfHkd :Ik ls fLFkr gS A lkfgR; dh dyk Hkh blhfy, dsoy dyk ds fy, ugha fdUrq thou ds fy, jgk djrh gSA ;gh mldh mi;ksfxrk gS A xksLokeh th dk Hkh ;gh vfHkizso jgk gS A os lkfgR; dks ,d cM+h lk/kuk ekurs gS vkSj lOlkfgR; Hkh izfrHkk dks bZ'ojh; izlkn le>rs gS A

lkjn nk: ekfj le Lokehjke lw=/kj varj ;keh

xksLokeh th Hkh Hkk”kk'kfDr mudh fopkj 'kfDr] mudh vfHkO;atuk 'kfDr] vkSj mudh u tkus fHkUu fHkUu 'kfDr;ksa ds ;ksx ls mudk dkO; bruk mRre vkSj viwoZ gks x;k fd vkykspd cjdl dg mBk &

dfork djds rqylh u ylsdfork ylh ik rqylh dh dyk A

mudh ,d&,d iafDr esa deky gS A gekjksa O;kl lSdM+ksa o”kksZ ls muds jkepfjr ekul dk jlkLoknu djksM+ksa


DMV Journal


euq”;ksa dks djkrs vk jgsa gS] vkSj yksx ftruk ml lq/kkLoknh; jl dk iku djrs gSa mruh gh I;kl c<+rh tkrh gS vla[; jRu ml ekuo dh rg ls fudkys x;s fQj Hkh og vk; dks”k vc Hkh vla[; u;s jRuksa dh jkf'k ywVk nsus dh kerk j[krk gS A vius ks= esa xksLokeh th us tks fn;k ftruk fn;k gS] mruk de ls de fganh lalkj esa vuqie gS vrqyuh; gS A ,slk gS Hkkjrh; laLd`fr dks mudk ;ksxnku A

lanHkZ lwph

1- vkpk;Z jkepUæ 'kqDy&fparke.kh Hkkx &1] fdrkc egy] bygkckn2- xksLokeh rqylhnkl & jkepfjr ekul] iwtk izdk'ku fnYyh 19973- xksLokeh rqylhnkl & jkepfjr ekul] iwtk izdk'ku fnYyh 19974- xksLokeh rqylhnkl & jkepfjr ekul] iwtk izdk'ku fnYyh 19975- vkpk;Z cynso izlkn feJ & Hkkjrh; laLd`fr dks xksLokeh rqylh dk ;ksxnku*] ukxiqj fo'ofo|ky;

izdk'ku 19536- xksLokeh rqylhnkl& nksgkoyh] iwtk izdk'ku fnYyh 1997

xksLokeh rqylhnkl& jkepfjr ekul] iwtk izdk'ku fnYyh 1997


DMV Journal - Durga College, Raipur

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Transcript of DMV Journal - Durga College, Raipur