QUANG. MINH

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QUANG.MINH

Cich ill?ng vilt -ry-

Thdi Cnn KiT

DAl-UpT gU0C-DAN-DANG

1938 - 1995

Dfl-vET orfc-oAu-oAne *3

Coch Mgng Vi6t Nom Thoi Cdn Kim^1a2DA r-VtET OUOC-DAN-DA NG

MUC LUC

Chdn dung D6ng-Trudng TrUdng-Tir-Anh ..........9

cHUdNG r: THANH-LAp vA pHAT-TRTEN .......... tlChfi nghla DAn TQc Sinh Tdn ......... 15I. Nguy6n lf Sinh Tdn............ .....-... 17

A. Nguy6n lf sinh t6n vi nhflng nguy6n tdc.................. 18B. Tinh crich cdt ydu cria sr/ sinh t6n............................... 20

II. Eidu kiQn c5n b6n cho sr/ sinh t6n..................................22A. Dinh ludt Canh Tranh Sinh Tdn ................22

1. LuAt Sfc Manh ....................232. Lt6,t Bidn Cii ......................233. Ludt Hdp Quen vi Gir{o DUc ........... .....24

B. Dinh luAt H6 Trrong Sinh Tdn ..................251. Ludt Hda D6ng ...............252. Lt6,t Hop Thd ..................26

IIL N6n tdng ket hgp ............ ..........26A. Ao m6ng the gidi clai t16ng.......... .............26

1. Srl cung cdu chdnh l6ch nhau ...............272.i thtc cldng loai ..................283. Bdn ndng sinh t6n............. ..................... 284. Tinh thich vinh quang ........295. Trr trrdng b6't d6ng ............... 306. ThA't Tinh........... ................... 30

B. DAn t6c: MOt cdn b6n hop quAn ............... 31IV. Nhf,ng chir tnrOng cdn b6n ...... 33. a. Thrlc hiOn dai cloin kdt qudc gia ............ 33

b. Bio dim srI sinh tdn cho moi ngrldi trong ddn t6c ... 33

Mrjcr\rc

c. Cring cd vd tlng crrdng sfc m4nh ddn tQc """"""""" 34

Dqi-Vi?t Qudc'DAn'Ddng """""""" 34

L Trung-l-/dng Ding-BQ vd XrI BO Mi6n Bdc """"""""""' 39A. Giai-rlo4n trUdng thinh....'.... """""""""" 39B. Giai doAn tr\fc di6n v6i CQng sin ViQt Minh """"""' 44C. Giai doan sau nim 1946 """" 54

II. Xr1 BO Midn Trung """"""""""" 58A. C6c Tinh BO phia Bdc Trung ViQt .....'...""""""""""" 59B. Chi-BO Ding-Tnldng..'..'........... """""""" 63

1. Thdi kI quy tg vd ph6t tridn .......... """' 642. Phong trio Bdc Tidn .......... """""""""" 673. Bdu cfr Tdng-Th6ttg ...'...'.-.. """""""""' 7 3

4. MAt trdn Qudc gia D0n chri Li6n HiQp """"" """"' 7 6

5. M4t tr4n NhAn d6n Doin kdt chdng CQngTinh Phri-YOn ..'.'....."...' """ 7 6

6. Co cdu td chrlc Chi BO Ding Tnrdng """"""""" "" 77C. Cdc Tinh B0 Phia Nam (Kh6nh Hda'

Ninh ThuAn, Binh ThuAn) """ 78III. Xf BO Mi6n Nam .......... """""' 80

A. BO EOi vd chidn khu An Didn """"""""" 81

B. Mat trdn Qudc gia Li6n HiQp Nam B0 """""""""""' 84C. Phdi tlodn Qudc-gia kh6ng chidn Nam BQ

ra Hd nQi """""""' 86D. Ph6i clohn H6 Nhat Tdn (TN Ai qu6c rloin)

ra Hd n6i """"""" 87D. Ph6i clodn thrlong thuydt v6i Dai diQn Anh Qudc..... 88E. Trung rtoin 25AB """""""""' 90G. Chidn tich <l6c biQt cria Trung cloin 25AB """""""" 90

1. Chin trQn ddnh Ph6p tr6n cltrdng Vflng Tdu-Sligdn 912. VU khi mdi do BO DOi An Didn chd t4o """"""""" 923. TrQn Ngd Ba T0n-UYOn """ 924.B6,nNguy6n-Binh...............'. """"""""' 93

H. Chidn khu Gb COng..'....... ""' 95IV. SU ph6t tridn Xf BO Midn Nam theo <lia phtrdng """"' 95

DAr-uET oudc-oAn.sAnc *scHUdNG u: NGoAt-GtAo vA HAt-NGoAt ....I. Giao thi6p vdi Trung hoa D6n-eudc............II. ViQc thdng nhdt cdc P.ing c6ch mang ViQt Nam..........

CHUdNG III: Cd.CAU CXIruH.TRIvA auAN-su ........:......... .. ......12r

I. Chi6n khu K6p (BXc Giang) ................. .......123II. Chidn khu vi Tnldng V6-bi Lac-TriQu .............. _........... tZ6

A. Cd sd chidn khu............ ........126B. Tnldng si quan Lac-Tri6u .....127C. Trung t6m Hu6'n luyOn QuAn-sU Lac TriQu ......... .....129

III. Thlnh l6p Dai-ViQr eudc Gia Li6n Minh.......... ..........132A. Thinh phdn s6ng lOp ............. ..................I32B. C6c Hoat-d6ng ... L33

IV. Dai Vi6t Qudc ddn Ddngvi nhfrng bidn c6' trong ndm 1945 .............................. 137

V. Thdnh lQp trudng Luc Qudn YOn bdi .......... 145A. Dai Vi6t Luc qudn Si quan Hoc hi6u (Chapa).......... 146B. Dai Vi0t Luc qudn Trdn Qudc Tudn G€n B6i) _........149C. Tdm v6c cfia Nhi Tnrdng ..,..152

VI. Thinh-lap Martrdn eudc D6n Ding (Front eDD) .... t54A. Cd quan Ldnh clAo ............ ....157B. Trg sd Mat trdn............ .......... l5gC. Cd quan ng6n lu6n ........... .... 158D. Chri-nghia crja Mdt trdn ........... ............... 159

VII. Thdnh l6p Qudn cl6i cria Mar rran eudc d6n Ding(trlc Qudc Ddn QuAn) .............162

VIII. Nhfrng hoat tl6ng cfia Qudc Ddn eudn.................... 166A. Chidn trudng Ti6n YOn - MOng Cdi........................... 166B. Chidn trudng Vinh Phric yen............ ...... 168C. Chidn tnldng Phri tho - ViQt Tri .............. 170D. Chi6n tnldng YOn Bdi - Laokai ..............172D. Chidn tn/dng bi6n gidi Hoa Vi6t ............177E. Chidn rntdng Bdc Giang - Lang Son......................... lg0

IX.Tinh-thdn (Lf trrdng) Qudc D6n E6ng ..... 185X. An-hinh Ti6n-r0 ... 189

l0s107tt4

6* MUCTU. C

XI. Chri tnrdng ihrdng tdi cria Dai ViQt QDDrhdi ky lJ,qa-l_s,+t '.."""""""" t92

)ilI. Thnnh l{p chidn khu Thanh H6a (Dzi Linh) """"" "' 197

A. ViQc thdnh liP chidn khu ""' 197

B. Tinh Ding BQ Thanh H6a....."""' """""' 198C. He thdngl6c cdn cf qudn srr cria chidn khu """""' 199D. Thanh h6a sau ndm 1946 ""200

CHUdNG IV: TRUNG.TAM CHINH-TR!xAt-ruooA!........... .......203

I. ViQc thnnh $p m6t Trung t6m chinh tri 6 Hai ngoai ""' 203e. Ciai phdp B6o Dai ............ ""2O4B. HOi ngni n6ng k6ng..........' """"""""""' 205

II. HiQp tld. Vint H4 Long """""209Irr. Hidp udc ElYs6e "'2llcHUdNG V: XAY DUNG THANH rni ou6c ela

cH6NG cONG .......""" 213I. Qudc gia ViQt Nam (Etat Vietnam) """""""215

A. DVQDD vd chinh Phri Qudc giactrdng CQng ddu ti6n.........'.. """"""""""215

B. Chid; tranh tliQp biio gifla Dai ViQt vd CQng sin "" 217C. ViOc tham gia xdy dgng chinh quydn qudc gia

crta cdc chinh tling """" 222D. Thanh ni6n 86o qudc'.....'.... """""-"""" 223D. Phong trio Qudc gia Binh dAn """""" "229E. HOi Nghi Tonn Qudc........'..'.""r"""""" " " " " " " " "" "' 23 1

II. Ddt nudc chia d6i Xrl BO Mi6n BXc vdo Nam"""""" "234

cHudNG Vl: cHdNG CONG SAN, DOc TAIGIA D|NH TR|.......... .....245

I. Chidn khu Ba Ldng.......... """"'246A. ViQc thinh l6P "' 246B. Hoat tlQng ctia chidn khu ""' 247C. B6n an cfidn khu Ba Lbng .""""' """""' 25o

IL Chidn khu Nguy6n-Hu6 """""252

of,r-tlrFr ordc.oAn.sfuc *7

A. MOc thdnh lap ....252B. Hoat cl6ng cfia chidn khu .....253C. H{u qui cria vi6c cldn r{p .............. ..........254D. B6n 6n cfia chidn khu Nguy6n HuQ ........... ..............256III. Chidn khu ChAu itdc @ai d)i 23 Midn Thy) ..............257

IV. SU hfrg Ud dan r{p DVeDE tai Siigdn - ChO L6n ..259V. Qudn Iiy Dai ViOt dudc oan oing ............267

A. Chinh ly 30-t-1964................ .................270B. Bidu dtfong lrrc tuong 13-09-1964 ........276C. Binh bidn 19-02-1965........... .................. 280

cHUdNG vu: D{t DoAN rEr oAn-TQc.........283I. Thdnh l6p chinh phfi Dai Dodn Kdt D6n_Tdc................ 2g5IL C6ng cu6c kdt hop phrrong thrlc rl6.u tranh

cria todn Ddng ......... ..................2g2III. Lr/c ludng eudc gia thdng nh6.t............ .....2g7

CHUdNG VIII: NHUNG BIEN Hirtx ctjIDVQDD ......zssI. Thn Dai Vi6t ............3O2II. Dai Vi6t Cdch Mang .................. 304III. Eai Vi6t Qudc D6n Dring 1965_1975 .......307IV. Dai Vi6t trong ngdnh LQp phrip .................313

cHudNG tX: D{t-vtEr oudc DAN oAruoNGAY NAY....... ..........3t7

I. Dai ViQr QDD vd qu6c bi6n 1975 ................ 319II. Dai Vier QDD nim 1994 ..........323III. Dai HQi Todn Eing 1995 ........ 328

PHU BAN1. Gia thd vi srr nghi0p cia D6ng Trudng

Trddng Tfr Anh .........3432. Tuydn c6o Qudc D6n 1939.. .....3503. Chrtong trinh kidn qudc 1939 ..357

8* MWttlc

4. Quydt Dinh cria HQi D6ng Kf Luft Trung lJongbvqoo ngdy 12-6'1998 ............ """""""" 363

5. Chfi ngma Dan TQc Sinh J6n.ydu hrgc """"""""""""' 365

6. \Ai ngiy6n tdc c[n bin dd tidn tdi k6t hqp"""""""""' 410

DAr -u E-T oudc - oAH -oAH c *9

ft*f

oi ns-Trufrns TRUdNc-r0-nrunChfr-T!ch Mat-Tr0n 0u0c-Oan-Ding

DN-vriloudc-0fu-sAuc

e?"ddkr? tTflANfl.LAY TA Pil.J-rNrf ru

*ll

12* mANtt-t4\p vtr ptttu-tpm,t

Dfl-vrET ordc-oAu-sArc * 't3

THANH.LAP VA PHAT-TRIdN

Tidn b6n ttrd t<y XX, Ving Vi6n D6ng rtd chiu 6nhhtrdng cria ba bidn cdldn tr6n thdgidi:

- CuQc Canh tdn cta nr/dc Nhar da kdt thfc bing tr6nchidn thdng ham dQi Nga Hoing cria Hdi quAn Nh6t ndm1905 tai eo bidn Ddi MA.

- C6ch m4ng Tdn Hoi 6 Trung Hoa ndm lgl l do Biic siT6n-Ddt-Ti6n 16nh dao.

- Crlch mAng Th6ng Mudi Nga do L6nine ldnh dao n[m1917 nhim thrrc thi chri nghla Marx-Engles.

d viet Nam ndn vdn h6a n6 dich cria chd dQ thrfc d6nPhdp cfrng tao n€n nhtrng khuynh hrrdng Au-H6a xu-thdi.C6c Phong trdo DOng Du, Duy-Thn ddu dd lXng chim...

Vdi Tam DAn chfi nghia do TOn-Ddt-TiOn dd xudng,Nguy6n-Thili- Hoc vi ViQt Nam Qudc D6n Ding dd vflndung trong cu6c khdi nghia n[m 1930. C[ng trong n[m 1930,cilc nh6m CQng S6n D6ng Dr/dng vdi chri nghia Marx v6thAn dd tha't bai trong c6c vU da'y ilQng d NghQ An drroc m6nhdanh li NghQ An d6 c6 muc dfch thtrc thi thuydt giai cdp ddutranh.

Chi b)nh sinh cfia TrUdng-Tfr-Anh ld rim ra cho ddn t6cmQt chri nghia dac thi... Y chi dy dd,dtroc thd hien rrong brittich n6m 1935 vdi tr/a dd "N6cessit6 d'une nouvelle id6ologiepour notre peuple", vd cf,ng chinh TnlOng-Tff-Anh dd t{ dichra Vi€t ngfrli "CAn c6 m6r ndn lf-trrdng mdi cho Ddn rQc Dai

14* nrANH-LAp vApntu-mrml

ViQt ta". Ngiy 10 th6ng 12 ndm 1938, Cht nghla Ddn TQc

Sinh-Tbn (Survivantialisme) d6 dttgc c0ng bd. D6 la mQt chtinghia phdt sinh tt hodn cinh, m6i trddng cria dAn tQc ViQtNam vd do chinh ngrrdi ViQt Nam ld Tnrdng-Tfi-Anh ddxUdng.

Qu6 trinh tr/duy vi suy crfu titnhf,ng ndm cudi thQp ni6n20 ddn nhitng ndm ddu thflp ni6n 30 cria Trddng-TfI-Anh cdnhJu lai, tnrdc nhdt li c6c bii tidu luAn nhrl: Vdn dd DQc lQp,Vdn dd Ddn tQc, Tinh khdc tcf cria con ngtldi... (duqc in bXngcl6ng stldng hodc thach b6n). Vho nd,m 7964, Chi b0 D6ngtrudng DaiViQt Qudc DAn Ding dd tim drrgc th6m mQt sdbrittich cria TnIdng-TfI-Anh vidt vd ciic vdn dd kinh td vd ph€binh chri ngtria Marx (bXng Ph6p vdn), trong d6 c6 mQt btittich duoc xem li Dr/ th6o cfia Tuy6n ng6n Chri nghia DintOc Sinh tdn.

Ddn khi thinh l{p Dai ViQt Qu6'c Ddn E6ng, chinhTnldng-Tfi-Anh dd phd bidn c6c v[n kiQn:

1. Tuy6n c6o Qudc din (tt1c Tuy€n ng6n 1939).Z.DdntOc Sinh t6n Chri nghia. LrIQc gi6i Dai y.3. Chrrong trinh Kidn qudc (trfc Crrdng lInh 1939).4. Cdch Td chrlc vd Hoat clQng cria Ding (D6ng quy

1939).

Bdn tdc phdm ndy drroc xdp thdnh hai BQ, dugc phd bidntuAn tU. Sau khi dd dqc xong vd chdp nhQn B0 thf I thi mdidtrgc dqc tidp B0 thf II.

NQi dung cria Chri ngh1a D6n tQc Sinh t6n khOng nhtrngdrrgc thd hiQn trong t6c phdm Ddn tOc Sinh t6n Chri ngtrlaLrrQc gidi Dai y md cbn tin mdc trong ciic tdc phdm cdn lainhrr: Vi6c b6c 1u0n chri nghia Marx dd dtrdc bdy t6 rO ring

DAr-u ET orfc-oAr'r.oAro *15

nh6't trong phAn chrrong rrinh kidn qudc (Cuong linh 1939).Chri dd: Tinh thdn y6u nudc vi Tinh thdn D6n rQc c0ng

duoc goi l6n ngay rrong Tuy6n ciio eudc d6n (Tiry6n ng6n1939). Qua cilc t6c phdm n6u trdn chrlng t6 le fi hic rhdnhlflp, Dai Viqt qudc D6n Ding d6 c6 duoc m6t Chfi nghia,mQt hQ thdng lf thuydt kh6 hodn bi. D4c biQt nh6.t ta srr Odikhr{ng rO r€t vdi chri nghia Marx ld dfrkiQn ti6n phong chdngCQng, chEng nhfrng tai ViQt Nam mh cir c6rD6ng ph,long.

HQ thdng rrr tddng cria Truong-Tfi-Anh, tr6n tinn Aipnchinh tri da dd cao tinh thdn D6n r6c vd tinh rhdn y6u nUdc.TrCn binh di6n tridt hoc rhi ciic pham rri T[m l1i hoc, LuQn llihoc drroc ph6t huy cao cl6 vh c6 phdn nhe v6 SiCu hinh.

HQ thdng rd tddng niy, rrong thrrc td dd trd thdnh mQtDao Sdng girip cho con ngddi, mQt thrrc thd sinh t6n toin h6onh6't dat duoc vi thdtuong xfng trong holn v[ kh6ng e rhenvdi Ddt, Trdi.

crf -terin oAt-rt0c stlrH-r6N. Nhfrng chri nghla chinh tri ddu n6u l6n nhfng lf trrdng

tdt dep vd cd tim crich th6a mdn kh6t vong cfia con ngrrdi,nhrtng dd khOng thdnh c6ng, vi h1y cdn nhi6u didm kh6nghgp ly, vi nhi't Id,: "M6i ntdc trOn thd gidi ddu c6 mQt haynhidu ddn t1c khdc nhau, hodn cdnh khdc nhau, c6 mQt trinhdQ vdn h6a khdc nhau vd phong tuc, tQp qudn hodn todn khdcnhau. MQt chil nghTa chtnh tri mudn duqc thdnh c6ng tdtphdi cdn crt vdo nhrtng yAu t6'kd trAn mdi mong, dugc d6nchilng ilng hQ vd c6 thd dem ra dp d4ng ttuqc... ". Vl v6y, m6tchri nghla chinh tri c5 thd thich hop tai mQt qudc gia niy,nhtlng lai kh6ng thd dem ra dp dung tai mQt qudc gia kh6c.HiQn thdi: "...Cdc chrt nghla dd xudt hiAn trAn thd gidi ddukh6ng thich hop vdi ddn tQc ta..." (NguyAnvdn bfit tich ndml%6 crta Ddng Trthng Truong-T*-Anh).

Nhr/ng trong sU x6y drrng chfi nghla chinh tri, ngr/di lai

16* mINH{Ap vA pnru.,rpdll

g?t qua bdn nhflng dinh 1u0t thi6n nhi6n md chi lrru tdm ddnnt,lng nguyQn vgng, md tldc ctia minh. Con ngrrdi vdn kh6ngthay ddi dudc ban chdt vfl tru ve cli ngddc lai cilc dinh lu{tthi€n nhi€n, ndu c6 dugc, cfing chi dua ddn nhfrng kdt qui taih4i cho con ngrldi, cho n6n nhfrng chri nghia xdy dr/ng tr6nnhtrng nguyen tac kh6ng phn hQp v6i c6c dinh luQt thi6n nhi6nctri ptrdi aOi sdng con ngddi, tdt nhi6n phii thdt bai'

vay, mudn iay Og"g m6t xd trQi tdt dep, ta cdn phii c6m}t chrt nghiTa chinh tr! hqp li- Chrt nghta ndy kh6ng nhfrngphtdi nhdm mt4c ilich phang stt con n7ildi, md cdn phdi c6 d'fi'didu

kiQn pht4ng s( con ngudi mQt cdch ddc lqc ' N5 phii gi6iquydt mgi vdn dd theo quan clidm con ngddi, nhrlng kh6ngttd aUu vdo nhfrng 6o vong kh6ng td6ng ctia con ngfdi miphii dqra vdo nh8ng nhQn x6t xdc thQt vd 0Ol sdng con ngudi,a u6 nhffng ttldng quan giffa ngUdi vdi thdgidi b€n ngoii'

"...MuVn trdih ctic sai ldm trong lilc hdnh tlQng, cdnphdi nAu bn mQt chfi nghla ldm ilAu chudn cho $ thuydt cila'Ddng,

ldm noi tQp trung hdp tttrc cho ddng viAn xa gdn c6'kdtnhai vd tdm kim chl nam cho moi c6ng cuQc kidn thiAi saundy..." (NguyAnvdn trong Lttqc Gidi Dqi t Chfi NghTa DdnT\c SinhT6d.

Chfi nghia chinh tr! hqp $ phdi nhdm phuc vu con ngudLMuOh vQy, cdn phdi hidu rd vi con ngudi, mQt con ngtditodn diQn.

N6i mQt c6ch kh6i qu6t thi con nStdi ld mQt tdng thdthudn nhdt gdm thd xdc vd tdm hdn hda ldn nhau mQt cdchchdt ch7.

Vi ngrrdi li mOt tdng thd thuAn nhrlt n6n gifra nhfrng hoqtdQng tdi lj,vd sinh $ cfia ngttdi c6 m6t tilong quan k\iingt1fiNtrfng sr,t rhay ddi tro.c tlng t.I6ng cd thd drla ddn sr/

thay ddi vd nhfn thrlc. Ngrrdc lai, xtic dQng tim li cfrng c6ttrd 6ntr htrdng tr{c tidp ddn tr4ng thi{i quan nlng cria cd thd.

ofl-uET ordc-oAu-oAuc *17

t. t'touyEr'r tV gnu t6ruTrong sr/ ho4t <lQng hhng ngiy cfing nhu trong sr/ ri,ng

ph6 vdi ngoai gidi, con ngtrdi tDy thu6c m6t c6ch chdt ch6vio nhfing bin ndng tri'c ld nhfrng khuynh hrrdng rU nhi€nthric ddy ngrrdi hoat rlQng. Ta c6 thd phAn biQr bdn loai b6nnlng ld: Bin Ning ViKi, B6n Ning Tinh DUc, Bin NEngXe HQi vi Bin NIng Suy Lu{n.

Bin NEng Vi Ki nhXm vdo vi6c b6o vQ srr sdng cdn cfiacd nhAn; Bin NIng Tinh Dgc hudng ddn su hiQn diQn, t6ntai li6n tuc cta chfing loai; Bdn Ning Xe HOi tao nhtrng didukiQn cdn thidt cho sUhqp quAn trong xd hQi; Bdn NIng SuyLuQn gifp con ngrrdi khi{m ph6 nhfrng didu mdi h dd td chrlcddi sdng ngdy cing tdt dep hon vi tidn rtdn Chdn, ThiQn, M!.

Cdc bin ndng vda d6 cQp tdi rhat ra kh6ng hodn toint6ch biet nhau, md ti{c dQng qua lai vdi nhau, ldm khi hdahgp vdi nhau. Nhung dAu trong tn/dng hdp nio, chring cfingddu hrrdng chung vd mQt muc dich duy nh6't lh mdu sg sdngcdn cho con ngUdi; sdng cdn crt,a cd nhdn hay sdng cdn criaddng loai. Nhu v6y, ta c6 thd xem tdr ci cdc bdn nlng cfiangudi li nhfrng hinh thrlc khdc nhau cria m6t bin ndng duynhdt: Bdn NEng Sinh Tdn.

Bdn ndng Sinh tdn c6 tinh cdch thi\n bdm, ld mQt thdnhphdn u1 nhi4n cfia con ngudi: nd xudt hiQn khi ngudi mdisinh ra vd chi tiAu diAt khi ngudi chdt. Trongthgc td, n6 chiphdi toin bQ hoat ilQng vi rldi sdng cria ngr/di, tt lfc ngrrdimdi c6't tidng chio ddi cho ddn hic xu6i tay nhdm mXt. mBin NIng Sinh Tdn mi ngUdi c6 mQt 1i chi sinh tdn manhm6.'f chi sinh t6n phrit hiQn mQr ci{ch 16 rQt trong tdt c6 moihoat dQng cria ngrldi.

"... M)t chilng t6c kd fiI thdi tiin srt cho tldn nay, ndophd nng xA nili, cdy cdy chdnnu6i, ndo hgp thdnhbQ lqc hayhqp nAn qudc gia cfing quy vdo m6t muc dich ld: Tranh tlduldy sq sdng cdn chung cho ho vd cho con chdu ho... Xem thd

18* rnAmlrrp vn pntu-tprful

thi drt bidt vdn dd sinh tdn ld trung tdm itidm cho vdn dd xdhQi, chtnh t!, kinh tdvd moi cu\c bidn cdi trong lich srt"'"ph,rt nghia DdnTQc Sinh Tdn, Luqc gidi Dqi !')

Nghi6n ctfu ky moi ho4t dQng cria ngudi tilxrla ildn nay,ta thdy rXng mqc clich chinh ydu cria ngrldi ld mrlu sg SdngCdn cho minh.

Hon n[a, ngrldi cdn mudn sg sdng vi hoat clQng cria minhinh hrrdng tnfc tidp tldn thdn nhdn cria minh, ddn m6i tr[dngsinh ho4t cria minh vi ddn d6ng 1o4i cta minh n[a.

Sau hdt, ngrrdi cflng mudn rhng sau khi minh chdt di,mQt phAn sqr sdng cria minh cdn luu lai trAn thd. Ldng hamrnudr, c6 mOt thla con ndi d6i t6ng dudng, su cd gdng dd t4omOt t6c phdm nghQ thuflt, mQt cdng trinh vI d4i hay mQt sg

nghiQp hidn h6ch, sr/ tha thidt mudn truydn bd trr tudng criamintr itro k6 khdc, bao nhi6u c6i tl6 chrlng t6 rXng con ngrrdimudn bhnh tnrdng srr sdng cfia minh.

Duy tri sg sdng cdn cria minh vd hai m6t vQt chdt vd tinhthAn, trong hiQn tai vi tttong lai, lim cho srl sdng cdn criaminh d6 dang sung stldng vi binh tnldng mii ra, dd c6 thdtruydn sg sdng quanh minh trong khi minh cdn sdng vh saunri Oa chdt, la nhflng sfc thiii, nhfing bidu hi6u, nhtrng cdttinh cd bin, tunhi6n cria b6n n6ng, c&ay ctn sinh t6n cfia conngtldi. N6i t6m 14i, Sinh Hoqt vi Tdn T4i, Sdng vi Cirn, d5

li tdt cd mgc tlich hoat dQng cfia con ngudi.Tit cit cuOc ddi cria ngrrdi ddu qudy quAn chung quanh

hai chfr Sinh Tdn: sinh t6n vd vQt chdt, sinh t6n vd tinh thdn,sinh t6n cria cii nh6n, sinh t6n ctia chring loai, sinh t6n tronghiQn tai, vd sinh tdn mdi mdi trong ttldng lai. Sinh T6n h mQt

chdn lf ngin tldi

A. Nguyln $ sinh tdn vd nhtfrg rguyin tiic ldm cdn bdncho nhfing chi nghia dA hnt hdnh

Ap dUng dinh luflt sinh t6n ad nnan ilinh nhfing chri ngtria

DAr-u E-T orfc- oAu.oAu e *t9

khdc ta th6'y ring:- Nguy€n tdc Tq Do, Binh Ddng cta lf thuy€t Ddn

Chir sd diphrit sinh duoc li vi vdo thdki 17 vi 18, srlsinh tdncfia ddn chfing Au ChAu bi uy hidp th6i qu6 drrdi mQt chd OOchuy6n chd kh6c nghi6t, vUa b6 bu6c, vrla bdt c6ng. Drfng16n cldi trr do vi binh dEng, ddn chring Au Chdu thdt ra chimudn ilrcc sinh $n ddy dri hon rnrdc.

- Ddi vdi nhfrng ngrrdi CQng Sin, ho cho rhng giai c{ptranh d6'u ld dQng cd vi hinh thrii d6'u tranh cd bdn thfc ddystltidn tridn cfia lich sr?lo)i ngrldi tilngin xrra ddn nay. ThQtra, nguyOn tdc giai c6'p tranh ddu d5 chi phdt sinh trong m6tx5 h6i trong cl6 giai cdp lao dQng bf uy hidp th6i qu6 kh6ngth€ sinh 6n dttgc.N6 khdng c6, kh6ng thd xdy ra d nhtrng xdhdi drroc td chrlc di6u hda trong d6 moi ngrldi ddu c6 di6uki6n, cd h6i, mr.fu cdu ddy dfi sU sinh tdncta minh. Giai ct'ptranh cldu chi li mQt mIt, m6t khia canh cta Sinh TBn tranhddu trong m6t giai doan lich sft cria m6t x6 h6i nio d6. Giaicdp tranh d6'u kh6ng gi6i thich drtoc moi cuQc tranh ddu gifrangrldi vdi ngudi, gif,a sfc ddn niy vdi sdc dAn kh6c, gifra ddntQc niy vdi ddn t6c kh6c...

"... NguyAn nhdn xdu xa crta giai cdp xung dQt & cdcnudc kj nghQ pfuit dat cfrng chi vi sinh hoat xd hQi khdngdugc didu hda, sil sinh tdn crta giai cdp dudi bi uy hidp..."(Chfi nghta Ddn TQc Sinh Tdn, Luo.c gidi Dqi i)

ThCm nfra, giai c6'p tranh ddu chi gAy ra sd ph6 hoai,ldm trd ngai cho srl tidn h6a, trong khi cu6c sinh tdn tranhd0'u dd ldmcho lodi ngudi tidnbO kh6ngngilng. Nhrrrhd,ldygiai c6'p tranh ddu gi6i thich stltidn tridn [ch sfrli mQt sr/saildm. Sinh Tdn tranh ddu mdi li cdn bdn hoar dQng cria loiingudi.

- Nhfrng Chtt Nghta Pfuit Xit cfia Mussolini vd eudcXd crta Hitler dd ph6t sinh vi danf vi d6n Dfc sau khi trQnfndCnidn Thf Nhdt chdm dft da kh6ng c6 didu kiQn thuQn

20* THi$[H".\p vn pn u.,rpdll

tiQn tdi thidu dd c6 thd sinh tdn, chrl kh6ng phii ln hQu qudcria giai cdp tranh ddu trong xd hQi Y vd Drlc hic d6.'

- Ch,il Nghia Tam Ddncta T6n Vln cfing ra ddi dd ddiph6 vdi tinh thddac biQt trong nrrdc lfc d6 ciic liQt cudng uyhidp n4ng nd srr sinh 6n cfia ddn tQc Trung Hoa. Trong c6cthuydt Ddn TQc vir Ddn Sinh,TdnVdn 10n tidng cinh gir{cnhidu ldn li ndu ngrldi Trung Hoa kh6ng sdm gi6c ng6, kh6nglo tranh ddu thi se bi diQt vong.

R6 ring rXng nhfrng nguy6n t6c ldm cln bdn ctia nhfrngchri ngtria vUa kd tr€n dd dugc drra ra nhim gi6i quydt srlsinhtincria ddn chring trong mQt nudc nlo d6 6 vdo mQt thdik! nhdt tlinh nho d6. N6i mOt c6ch cu thd hdn, c6c chfi nghian6u tr€n chi c6 tinh c6ch dla phtong vd' tqm rlzdi, kh6ng Wdtndi kh6ng gian vd thdi gian.

B. Tinh cdch cdt ydu crto s{ sinh l6n: linh Vi KiCon ngrrdi c6 mQt yi chi sinh tdn rdt manh. Th't cd mgi

ho4t ttQng cfia ngudi ddu do bin ndng sinh t6n chi phdi viddu quy vdo muc ilich sinh t6n.

iuy nhi6n, gi6 tri c0a m6i ngrrdi kh6ng phii d6u bingnhau. Trong m6i ngttdi tl6u c6 c6i thri tiinh tin bao nXm kdb6n crli thi6n ldong thudn hiu. Trong srJ hoat dQng sinh tdn,c6 ngddi hodn toin nO lQ nhfrng thri t6nh cfia minh, nhrlngcfing c6 ngrrdi chdnggdrrgc chring dd ph6t tridn thi6n ludng'hudng n6 ddn mQt ddi sdng tinh thdn cao thuong.

Nhrrng dAu n6 lQ thi duc hay chdng{ dtrgc chfng, ngrrdicfing bf chi phdi bdi tinh vl ki.Tinh vi kf nny c6 thd li ngutdi tfridn c{n, nhrlng cfing c6 thd h s6ng sudt kh6n ngoan'

"... Bhn cqnh tinh thdn v6 tu dd ndp sin lbng vi k! vdcing nhau t6n tqi mdi mdi. Cdi kia lqi ld ti' do t6n tqi crtactiiio. Cho nAn vd phttong diQn tdm li' thi bdn ndng sinh tdnvd j, thtc ddng loqi sdn cd trong thdm tdm mgi ngtdi khi mdira ildi vd vdn nguyAn vgn nhu til ngdn xua. Hai cdi dy ld

ofl -vt E-T ordc-oAu.oAu c *21

nguy€n nhdn cita suy|u ghdt khdng ddu nhau..." Ghrt nghiaDdn Tbc Sinh Tdn, Luoc gidi Dqi !)

_ Danh tU vi k)? thrrdng drrOc hidu theo nghia hep, him yx6'u xa, chi bidt c6 minh, chi nghi ddn nhfng quydn lgi thdphdn, ri0ng tr/. NhUng d dAy, ra n6n hiduvi kit theo nghia rQngld "cd khuynh huong dqavdo minh, ldy minh ldm gdc trongmoi vi€c vd quy moi viAc vd minh".

Trong ddi sdng hing ngdy, ngrrdi bao gid ciing nghl ddnminh, cfrng lo cho minh tnrdc hdr. D6 la di6u trrnhiCn. Nhdngngoii nhtrng hinh dQng cria rinh vi kli hep hdi hiQn ra m6tciich 16 ring, ngUdi cdn c6 nhffng hinh <l6ng cao thUdng,uitha.Ddi vdi sd ngddi ndy, nhfrng hdnh il6ng d{c biQt ,.caothudng" kh6ng him chrla chft yj tj,nho , nhung ndu x6t k!,thi d6 cfing chi ld tinh v! k] hidu theo nghia rQng, m6t su vik! sdng sudt vd kh6n ngoan.

Tinh vi lc! thd hi6n rrong nhi6u ldnh vrJc. Trong l6nh vtlcu firhngvd, nghQ thudt, ngddi chi khen nhfrng c6i gi hOp vdiy minh vi bdi xfch nhtrng cdi gi kh6ng lim minh r/a thich.Tlong l6nh vrJc t6n gido cflng thd, ngr/di thd cfng 16 b6i la ddcdu cho thdn minh phn hQ chinh minh hay khOng gidt haiminh.

Trong ldnh vdc cta cii vdt ch6't, ngrldi lu6n lu6n mudnc6 cfia ri6ng, ua thich nhtrng c6i gi thu6c vd minh. D6 li b6nnang tUhfru cfia con ngddi.

Ngodi ra, tinh vi kl cdn xu6't hiQn trong tinh thrrOng giadinh, ldng y6u nam nfr, vi su hy sinh cho dai nghia nfa.

Trong lSnh c{c gia dinh, cha me thUOng con kh6ng nhllngvi con ld mQt phdn mriu huydt cria mjnh md cdn vi cha mg daad nfridu c6ng lao nu6i ndng con n6n mdi triu *dn con rhidu.

Trong tinh ydu nam nrt, ffai g6i y€u nhau vi h4p tinhnhau, hodc mudn nUdng tUa nhau sudt tldi. Srf ghen tu6ngcria ho c0ng li bidu hiQn cfia tinh vi ki, vi khi y6u nhau,ngudi ta mudn cho ngrrdi y€u chi bidt c6 minh, khOng duoc

22* TITANrAp vtr ptt tt mdtl

ngtii ddn mQt ai khiic nfla.Ceddn nhfng rddng hQp xd thAnvi dqi nghia-hy sinh

cho Td Qudc, hy sinh cho t6n gi6o-cflng hdm chfa tinh c6chv! k) b€n trong. Khi vi Td qudc, v-i t6n gi6o md xd thdn,ngrroi d5 quydttdm b6o ve su sinh tdn cria cldt ntl6c, cria chlc

tin vn mudn ldm cho ten tudi cria minh t6n tai mdi mdi vdi silsdch. Xd thdn dd tranh ddu cho 16 sdng d6, ho cim thdy sung

srrdng hon li chdp nh{n mQt cu6c sdng ttii nhuc cfia kidp n6

vong, cliy doa, kh6ng dinh hudng.T6m l4i, sttr vi k! (hidu theo nghla rOng) 1A kdt qui trr

nhi€n crta s4 sinhrain. SU sinh tdnbft buQc con ngrrdi phii vikj,vd ddu mudn dAu kh6ng, ngtrdi cfrng kh6ng sao thoiit kh6isrl vi ki,ndy. Nhfng sr/ vl kj'c6 thd hqp hdi hay r6ng rii, ngu

dbn'nav sang sudt, rn gi6 trf d4o chlc cria m6i nguditiy 6 ch6ngudi ii *i i}t"ach rOng rdi hay hep hdi, siing sudt hay ngudOn md th6i.

Nht/ v{y, mudn cho ngUdi phqng srl quydn lgi chung'phrrong ph6p hay nhdt lh lim cho ho thdy ring quyin lqi,iAng i,rto hq ndm trong quyin tqi chung dy'

u. DIEu KIEN cAN sAN cxosUslruH t6ruA. Dlnh luQt Cqnh frcnh Sinh f6n

Ta da it dy iXrg s$ sinh $nlddQng co duy nhdt thric ddyngrldi ho4t dQng.

Mudn sinitdn,ngrrdi phii chdng lai ciic mdi nguy c6 thdldm hai tinh mang minh vd tim nhfrng mdn 5n udng cho no

dfi. Vfly, mudn Sinh tdn, ngudi phdi Tranh ddu'Tianh ddulitdidu kiQn cin b6n cria sr/ Sinft rdn. Srl tranh

ddu niy, ta n6n hidu theo nghia rQng: n6 ld srr cd gdng criamOt sinh v4t tld thdng mQt sinh vft kh6c, hoac dd lim mOtviQc c6 ich lQi cho minh.

Kh6ng nhilng tranh ddu vdi nhf,trg tr6 h,rc b€n ngodi, ngrrdi

cdn tranh Odu vOinQi t6m dd chdnggnhfrng thi dUc thdp hdn

Dfl-uh otfc-oAru-sAuc *23

cria minh. Cu6c rranh di'u vdi nQi t6m minh d6 <ltrdc ghi laitrong kinh siich cta cdc t6n gii{o.

I. Lugt S0c Monh:Mudn n6m phdnthdng loi cho cu6c tranh ddu, ngudi ph6i

c6 stc manh vQt ch6't vd tinh thdn. Trong lich sfi tranh dduloii ngrldi, sfc manh bao gid c[ng ld ydu tdchinh mang laisrl thdng ldi, "manh ilrtqc, yAu thtta,,, d6 ld thrlc td kh6ng aiphri nh{n drrgc. MQt qudc gia clrroc t6n tai vd duy t i Orrg. nd,d6c l6p cria minh li do srlc manh chinh tri, srlc manh kinh tdvd sri'c m4nh qudn srl cria qudc gia dd.

TrCn trddng qudc td, 6nh hrrdng cfia m6t d6n rQc ddi vOim6t ddn t6c khilc li do ndi rr/dng quan luc lugng giffa c6c d6ntqc a'y.

2. tugt Bidn Cdi:Sri'c manh dd d6ng vai tudng quan trong trong sU tranh

cldu. Tuy nhi6n, c6 nhidu frrdng hop srlcrnunh khOng dt ddmang l4i srr th6ng loi cho ngtldi. Do d6, ngodi sfc manh,ngudi cbn cAn c6 mOt ydu tdkhac nffa, d6 lit Xu Hudng Bidncdi.

Xu Htdng Bidn Cdi td khd ndng thich nghi theo hodncdnh, dd rmg ph6 vdi nhrtng didu ki€n Odt thi|n @i, vd ddtranh thiing trong moi tinh thd, dil d6 ld tinh thd hodn todnbdt loi.

Xu Hrfdng Bidn Cii li mQthiQn trrong tdnhi6n, kh6ngph6i chi cd ndi con ngr/di vd cdn duoc ghi nhQn d nhilng sinhvOt ha cdp n[a, vi du nhtrlodi s6u bq bidt ildi mau, Uidn frintrcho phi hop vdi m6i tnrdng dnndp;r6 cdy, th6n cAy hudngvd phia c6 nUdc hoic 6nh sr{ng mdt trdi.

Nhd c6 xu hrldng bidn c6i, con ngr/di d6 <lat thdng loitrong sd d6'u tranh vdi thi€n nhi6n vi loii thfl n6n Sini t6nduoc ddn ngiy nay. Kh6ng nhf,ng thdng loi, ngudi cdnTidn

21 * tttrUnU+P VnPnrfr'mmU

H1antta.Con ngtldi bdy gid tranh ddu vdi thi6n nhi6n va thfdfrd6 ding hon con ngtrdi ngdy xrra gdp bQi, nhd nhf,ng dgngcu tinh x6o mi ngudi dd chdt4o ilttoc cho minh'

3. tuqt HQp Qudn vo Gido Dqc:o.HQp Qudn:

butap hop nhi6u ngddi lai vdi nhau goi ld s$ Hqp Q"dry'UWi"di tqo ra srtc manh. Kinh nghiQm cho ta thdy

rhng mQt ngrrdi ddn dQc ddu c6 stc mqnh vi c6 xu htdngbidi cdicudng kiQn ddn ddu cfing kh6ng thd drrong ddu dttgcvdi moi cinh ngQ. Bdi d6, ngfdi phii hop quAn nhau lai ddtranh ddu.

Quan s6t lich sfinhAn loai, ta thdy pham vi hgp quAn ctiangrldi cdng ngiy cing md tQng: tt cti nhdn ddn gia dinh, giadinh ddn thi t\c, thi t1c ddn b0 lac, bQ lqc ddn ddn t)c'

Nhrnrg pham vi hQp quAn cing rQng thi ngudi cing itd6ng nhdt, tinh cdm cing sr,r li€n lac gifa cri nhin cing bdtm4t thidt vi sr/ td chric cria ngrrdi cing bdt chet ch6' Khi st/hop quAn md rQng ddn mQt pham vi nio d6 thi con ngrrdi b6taAu fo cho srJ sinhtdn riAng crtaminh nhidu hon li 1o cho srl

sinh t6n chung.M6t kh6c, ta thdy xudt hiQn b6n trong dodnttrd ldn nhfing dodn thd nh6 quy 6p nhfrng ngudi c6 quydn loivQt chdt hay tinh thdn gidng nhau, nhtr cdc ding chinh tri,c6c clodn thd t6n gi6o, c6c td chrlc nghiQp dodn, vf,n doin,c6c hQi 6i htru, trldng tdv.v...

SUhqp qudn, drrqc thrrc hiQn qua nhidu ydu td:Tnrdc hdt, ngudi hgp quAn theo huyA't thdng trong ph4m

vi gia dinh. rcd d6, ngrrdi hgp quAn theo fim tinh dd kdt b4nvdinhau, hgp qudn theo tinngtdng dd drtng chung trong mOtgi6o hQi, hgp quAn theo nghd nghiQp dd td chrlc cr{c nghiQp

doan, hgp qudn theo tu tthng ad tap ra nhfrng vdn cloin,nhflng chinh ding...

Nnfrg hinh thrlc hgp qudn kd ra rdt nhidu, nhtrng tuu

Dfl-uET ordc-oAu-oAuc *2strung con ngudi hop quAn theo I thtc ddng loai,nglfi.aln hQpquAn khi thdy rXng gifra hg cd mQt sdAidm tray m[t didu nnod6 tuong d6ng vdi nhau.

Su trrong cl6ng cdng ldn thi sU hqp qudn cing ch[t ch6.Bdi d6, qudn duy tri s{hgp quAn, ngrrdi ta ph6i cdgdng tdngcrrdng ydu tdtuong ddng.

Nhtrng loai trlong d6ng quan rrong ld: Tuong Ddng ChtlngLoqi, Ttong Ddng TdmTdnh, Tuong Ddng TuTu6nj, fffirgD6ng Hodn Cdnh.

b. Gido Duc:

- Girio duc nhlm n6ng cao trinh d6 hidu bidt, rdn luyQnthd x6c, ndng cao phdm ch6't clao dri,c, phi{t fi6ny thrlc kdthd. p, cei tidnk! thuAt ldm viQc... cho moi ngudi vi m6i nguditrong cQng d6ng d0n rQc dd c6 th6m didu kiQn rhufn toi gianhldy sry toin rhXng ffong c6ng cu6c tranh ddu ttd sintr i6n.

Trong cu6c sdng hda hgp tr€n cd sd ddn tQc, con ngrlditruy6n dat, hrldng d5n cho nhau nhffng kinh nghiQm ddu tlanhdd thdu th{p duoc qua rhdi gian nhhm muc dich c6i tidn cu6csdng, mrlu cdu vd bdo dim st/ sinh t6n cho duoc sung mdn.Til d6, qui{ trinh lich sff vi vdn h6a duoc hinh thinh.

B. Dlnh luqt Ho ftdng Sinh T6nTrong n6luc timkidm hanhphric, mut cdu sr/sdng cdn,

con ngrldi phrii tr6i qua nhidu trd luc ldn lao. Mudn vUdt quanhfrng trd ltrc dy, con ngrldi khi thi dtng srlc manh Od satphat, hic lai hda ddng, hop tdc ild t6n tai vi tidn h6a.

I. Lugt H6o D6ng:Tinh hda d6ng d6 c6 s6'n tr] bin thd cria van v6t. Nhd

tinh niy, van vdt dA tidp c6n nhau, thu hrit nhau, hda tldngvdi nhau 0d t4p thdqudn binh md t6n tai.

25* Trrl$[H-tap vA pHAT-TPIEN

Van vQt t6n tai duqc li do sr/ hda d6ng chrl kh6ng tuyQtnhi€n do bdi b6n chdt mdu thudn, hriy diQt. Trong mqi vQt thdc6 biQt dd s6n c5 tinh hda d6ng, vd vi vQy vflt thd drrgc tdntai, sinh sin vd tlng tnf6ng.

Chinh tinh hda d6ng cria con ngudi dd thric ddy con ngudichdp nhQn nhau, chfu ch,rng nhau vd kdt hqp vdinhau thinhnhilng tflp thd, nhfng c6ng d6ng, nhffng ddn t6c dd cDng sdng,

ctng tdn tai, cing tidn h6a.

2. Lugt HQpThd:V4n vQt tdn tai vi vQn chuydn trong thd quAn binh tuong

aldi do sgthu hrit 15n nhau; suthu hrit tao drlng thdtrrong quanvi 6nh hrIdng l6n nhau. Chinh su tudng quan vd 6nh^hrrdng

l5n nhau tich lty vn ddy manh s{ hinh thdnh hgp thd' TdnghQp cfia hQp thd ndy tao thdnh srlhiQn hfru cfia van vAt'

Noi con ngrrdi thi tinh kdt hqp ld nguyOn td co bind6ndfutAisrJ li6n tdt, .g cloin kdt tr€n binh diQn qudc gia cld taodr/ng srlc manh muu cAu s{tdn t4i vd thdng hoa chung trongcuQc sdng.

ur. NCN rAue rEr HOPn. Ao m/ng rhd gidi Dqi dong

Trong hon biy thQp ni6n vila qua, kd tu ngdy CQng Sinthinh c6ng trong viQc chidm doat quydn luc t4i Nga thi quanniQm vd ,n-Ot tt dgiOi dai ddng drldc COng S6n qudc.tdcd v6hon bao gid hdt, Oa" Uiet tar cdc qudc gia ch{m tidn nghEod6i. Thu; ra, firtudng Thd gidi Dqi ddng dd c5 tU 16u' C6 16

n6 dd xudt hiQn ttl hic con ngrrdi thinh lfp duQc nhflng xd hQi

rQng r6i vd dn dinh.Tnrdc Karl Marx, dd c6 bidtbao nhi6u ngrrdi chri tntong

nhdn loai cAn phii hgp nhdt lai dd sdng hda binh vdi nhau'Trong sd c6c ngtrdi ndy, chring ta phii kd tnr6c hdt nhflnggiaoid cac t6n gi6o ldn. Kd d6 ld nhffng nhi dai hidn tridt

DAr -u E-T oudc-oAu -oAu e *27

duoc nh6n loai t6n sDng nhrr Khdng Tfl, M4nh Tfl, Mic Tfl,Platon, Aristote v.v... Sau ctng, lai cbn nhfrng nhi chinh trikh6ng trldng nhrlSaint Simon, Owen, Fourier, Proudhon...nhfrng vf,n gia, hqc gi6 giiu ldng nhAn dao, mong mudn thdynhAn loai thuong y6u girip dd l6n nhau.

^ Nhtlng ngudi ndy ddu drloc nh6n loai mdn phuc, r6n stng.Anh hudng cfia ho lan rOng ddn n[m chdu vh t6n tai da nhiduthdki. Nhdng rdr cu6c, thdgidi ctai ct6ng dd kh6ng rhgc hiendugc.

"... Gidc m\ng dqi ddng vdn hodn todn ld do ming..."@guyAn vdn Chil nghTa Ddn TQc Sinh T6n, Lryc gidi Dqi !)

Nhu thdle vi c6 nhf,ng nguy6n nhAn sdu xa chia 16 lodingtrdi khidn ho kh6ng bao gid hdp nhdt drloc trong pham vithdgidi.

Nhfrng nguy€n nhAn chia rE niy g6m c6: srl cung cduch€nh l€ch nhau, f thrlc ddng loai, bin ndng sinh t6n, tinhthich vinh quang, trrtrrdng bdt d6ng vi thdt tinh.

I. SrI cung cdu ch6nh lQch nhou:Cho ddn ngiy nay, sdlrrong thrrc dudc sin xudt tr0n mit

ddt v6n cdn chua dfi cung ri'ng cho nhu cdu cria lodi ngudingiy m6t gia ting. Sr/ thidu thdn chrJa giii quydt <td-d. c, do d6,sU tranh giinh dd sdng cria lodi ngtrdi v5n cdn tidp tuc vh trdn6n gay g6t.

"... Xit vi phuong diQn thrtrc td ta thdy sd nhdn khdu trAnthd gidi cdng ngdy cdng tdng md m(t dia cdu kh1ng rQngthAm ra tdc ndo cd. Cdc nguyAn hQu kh6ng tdng, cric tdi chdbidn crta khoa hoc chi c6 gidi han md ldng nhdn duc thikh6ng bd bdn. Nhdn loai sE di ddn budc dudng cilng, khdldng trdnh khdi sq xO xrit ldn nhau..." (Ch,rt Nghia Ddn TQcSinh Tdn, Luoc Gidi Dqi t)

28* TtIANII-LAP V,t Pn tr+Prfi't

z. V mfc d6ng boi:t thttc ddng loqili mQt bin ndng khidn cho m6t sinh vQt

bidt mOt sinh vQt kh6c cDng 1o4i vdi minh, vi d6 md bd cAulu6n luOn sdng vdi dnn b6 cdu, kh6ng l5n lQn vdi din quaden.

t thtc ddng loqi lim cho con ngrldi c6 xu hrrdng t[ nhi€nthdy gdn gfii vd cim th6ng vdi nhflng ngrrdi md ho thdy gidngminh hon ld nhffng k6 md ho cho ld xa la, kh6c hq.

"Bdn ndng sinh $n vd'i thttc ddng loqi sin c6 trongthdm tdm m6i ngtdi khi mdi ra ddi vd vdn nguy4n ven titngdn xta. Hai cdi dy ld nguyAn nhdn chinh ydu cfia sq ydughdt kh6ng ding ddu nhau. Ngrtdi ta bao gid cfing cd khuynhhttdng tq nhiAn h yAu qui'vd t1n trQng hon nhfittg cdi gi mdminh c6 cdm tthng ld chinh cfia minh hay gdn minh hon. SuchAnh tQch ngay til d noi nguy1n thily dy chtnh ld cdi cd phdtsinh ra bao nhiAu sil chia rd trong xd hQi lodi ngadi. V yAughdt khing ddng diu nhau nAn mdi xdy ra st phdn biQt bdcon, bqn bi thdnh ngtdi thdn kd sd. Do d6, lan rQng mdithdnh tinh thdn bi phdi, tinh thdn xtl s&, tinh thdn chfing tQc,ttt tudng qudc gia. Hai cdi bdn ndng tr1n ld bdt diQt..." (ChilNghla-Oarf\, Sinh T6n, Luqc Gidi Dqi t)

t thtc ddng loqi ld mQt bin ndng chia rE loii ngrrdi hdtsrfc sdu dflm, vi d5, tilxrJa nhidu ngrrdi dd cdgSng ldm cho n6diu bdt lai. ThAn tho4i Trdm Con Cing M)t Me cfia ngUdiViQt Nam cf,ng nhrr thdn thoai cia ngrldi Nh6t cho rhng hqctng li con chdu ctiaThdi Drrong Thdn Nrt clugc lrrutuydntrong quing ttai quAn chring nhXm c6 v6 vd phrit tridn ldngy6u th[ong gifia nhf,ng nguiri cing sinh sdng tr6n mQt l6nhthd qudc gia hAu gi6m thidu sr/ xdu x6 15n nhau.

3. B6n ndng Sinh t6n:B6n n[ng Sinh t6n ld mOtkhd ndng vdn c6 do bdm sinh

khidn cho mQt sinh vit trr nhi6n c6 f mudn duy tri s{ sdng cfia

DAr -v E-T o 6c - oAu -oAr'r c *29

minh.

- B6n nd,ng Sinh tdn ddntdi str ui kj,. Nhr/ng ngddi vdn cdthd ny sinh dd cho nhfrng k6 th6n minh drlocid"g, nhrr thd,ngudi dd vddt qua sU vi kj,dd ttrd nien ldng vi thatrongthrrct6.

Ngtldi chri truong thdgidi dai ddng bio rhng n6n b6 ldngvi kl di,chi duy tri v) ph6t tridn ldng vi thami rh6i. Nhung,nhu ta d5 bidt, rrong 1f hudng vi tha,vSn hhm chrfa lbng ui ftj,.

TrI vi k}i, 6c ttr hfru cfia con ngrrdi dtroc n6y sinh vh t6ntai nhu mQt bin ndng kh6ng rhd x6a b6 clrroc. Do d6, n6 lim6t trd luc cho vi6c tQp trung cta cdi vflt chdt dd lim criachung trong chdd6 CQng Sin.

4. Tinh thich vinh quong:T{nh thtchvinh quang li bin n6ng cria moi sinh v6t. N6

ld ngudn g6:c cila su phdn biQt ng6i thrt. Trong lodi thri, srlphdn bi6t niy di6n ra m6r ciich 16 rQt. MQt din chim bay, m6tcldn thri di tim m6i bao gid cf,ng c6 m6t con vUdr tr6i l6n rr6ntrd thdnh con dAu din.

Odi v0i loii ngudi, sd rranh ch6'p dd giinh ng6i thrl laicing mSnh liQt hon nfra. Cdu "Thd ldm ngudi l6n nhdt trongldng cdn hon ldm ngudi thrt nhi tai thdnh La Md, cria C6sarclng nhu c du"Thd ldm ddu gd hon ldm du6i trdu,, c(tangrrdiVi6t Nam dfi t6m t5t tinh thAn thich vinh quang cria loii ngrfdi.

"... Gia dt tu tthng ngildi ta bdt ddng vi moi ngudi nghlra mQt cdch, lai thAm bng vi k!, tinh thtch vinh quang vdtham quydn chinh. Nhrtng cdi ndy dd gdy ra bao tr|i tuuhuyA't vd chia rZ nhrtng ngudi cilng huydt thdng theo m\t chrtnghla, thd mbt t1n gido ra ldm nhidu phtii chdng nhau...,,Ghrt Nghia Ddn TQc Sinh Tdn, Ltqc Gidi Dqi t)

Chinh vi dd th6a mdn rinh rhich vinh quang niy, ngfdidd tranh nhau iic li€t trong vi€c giinh giQt quydn Iuc, kh6ngai chiu nhudng nhin ai. Lich sfr loii ngrrdi, dAy ddy nhfrng vi

30* IITANH-I 4\p vA Ptuururfu

du dd chrlng minh di6u d6. Vj thd, chti trudng thd gidi tlaid6ng kh6ng thd nio thrJc hiQn drlQc.

S.IrItudng Odtadng:Con ngrrOi vdn kh6n ngoan n6n drlng tnrdc bdt luAn tinh

thdnio ctng d6u nghira chrgc phrrdng ciich ddi ptrO' D6ldxuhtdng bidn cdi cria ngrrdi, md ngudi ndo cflng cho xu hudngUidnidictia minh ld hay nhdt, thich hop nhdt. Do 116 md sinh

ra srl xung dQt nhau vi f kidn bdt d6ng.Gi[a nhffng ngrrdi kh6c gidng ndi, kh6c t{p qu6n hay tin

ngr,rdng, sU bdt d6ng flr firdng le lC dl nhi€n, vdL ngay giffanhfrng ngrldi cDng gidng ndi, ctng tflp qu6n hay tin ngUdng

cfing c6 sq bdt d6ng vd trJ trrdng nf,a.pnat Gi6o chia thinh hai ph6i Tidu Thila vd Dqi Thila,

md trong m5i pnai 14i chia ra thdnh nhidu t6ng kh6c nhau'Thi6n Ctrrna Gi6o thi chia lim COng Gidovitnhidu chi ph6iTin linh, d6 ld chrra kd nhfrng nh6nh kh6c nhtr phdi ChtnhThdng d Nga, Ph6i HqP Nhdt 6 HY LaP'

Vd ptiu nhflng nhd tridt hgc thi dd de cria H6gel dS chiathhnh frai ptre Ti vi Hfiu, nhf,ng m6n dd cfia Marx cfingphdn ldm c6c phe DC Nhi, DQ Tam, D. T4 Tito, Mao TrgchD6ng v.v... xung dQt nhau mdnh liQt.

5U Udt edng ttr rl6ng dd dua con ngudi ddn nhidu cuQc

tranh chdp d6m m6u. Nhffng cuQc chidn tranh gifra c6c t6ngirio ho4c trong mQt t6n gi6o, nhffng sr/ thanh to6n quydt liQt

iita cacpne ptrai chinh tri d6 cho thdy rhng sr,r bd1 cldng tut-rr6.,g th mOt trd rrg4i ldn lao cho stl thr/c hiQn thd gidi tlaiddng.

Thdttinh g6m c6 Hi (milng), N0 GiQn), Ai (thuong), O(gh6t), Ai @u6n), L4c (vui), DUc (mudn). N6 cfrng li nguy6n,han lan cho loii ngrldi chia 16. SUbudn vui thrlong gh6t tr1

DAr -u E-T orfc-oAn -oAu c *3rnhi6n bidu 16, md m6i ngrldi lai bidu 16 tinh c6m minh mQtc6ch khric nhau. Cing dfng tnldc m6t vi6c md kd vui, ngudibudn, kA thurong, ngudi ghdt n)nfi tnJdc ddn gid, loii ngtldichrla bao gid sdng hda h6o vdi nhau th{t sU.

B. Ddn fQc: MQt cdn bdn hdp qudn rQng rai nhdt mdlodi ngddilhglc hiQn drtQc

Ta dd thdy rXng, mudn sinh tdn dugc, ngrrdi phdi hdpquAn nhau lai. Nhrlng vi nhidu nguy6n nhdn chia 16, lodingddi kh6ng thd hop quAn trOn binh diQn thd gidi dd thrlchi6n srl sin h tdn chungcho nhdn loai drloc. Mlt kh6c, ta cflngbidt rhng hop qudn trong m6r ph?m vi qu6 nh6 hgp nhrl giadinh, thi t6c hay bQ lac, ngudi kh6ng dri srlc 0di phO vdi moitrd hlc dd mrru dd srrsire/r rri'n sung m6n cho bin thdn, cho giadinh, cho gidng ho, cho chtng t6c cfia minh drloc. Tinh trangcdc b0 lac da d6 6 My ChAu cflng nhrl mQt sd d6ng bQ l4c 6Phi Chdu d6 chrlng minh cho ta 16 di6u ndy. VQy, ngUdi chicdn m6t crich ld hop qudn trong pham vi ddn t\c dd mrlu sr/sinh tdn chung, trong d6 c5 stl sinh tdnriCng cho bdn thdn.

Ngrrdi trong m6t ddn tdc cd srl tUdng d6ng vdi nhau vdngu6n gdc nhAn chfing, vin h6a, phong tuc, t6p qu6n, ng6nngf,... n6n sukdt h-d. p niy c6 thd rhinh rrru vd vfrng chdc rtugc.Ngodi ra cdn c6 m6t ydu t6'tinh thdn td j, chi tQp qudc, qudtrinh tranh ddu chung dd cilng 6n tqi vd pfuit fidn dd,ldmcho sUdodn kdt gitra moi ngr-tdi rrong d6n tQc cdng th6m bdnchdt hon, s6u s6c hon.

Vl d6, sUhqp quAn tr€n ndn tdng d0n rQc li srrhgp quAnbdn vflng nhdt. Srr hop qudn ftong pham vi ddn tQc c6thd gi6iquydt chloc cilc nguy6n nhin chia rE loii ngrfdi.

Lich sfr dd chri'ng t6 ring: Ddn rQc ViOt Nam c6 m6t tinhthAn ddn t6c rdt dac biQt vd crrdng kiQn. Nhd tinh thdn niymd dan roc ta da gifr yen dUoc bd c6i, d6nh b4i drrdc ngoaixdm.

32* THANn-t4\p v,r pn u.rudll

" ... N du ddn tQc ta mdt thi dd mdt ngay hdi bai gid, vi ldthdi k) phbi thai, ngrtdi cbn it, qudc gia chta thdnh, vdn tilchta ci... Thdmd, di€t vong dd khOng, d6ng hda cfing khbng'Chdng nhfing xdy ndi ndn n7 chfi md lqi cdn gifr dtqc cdctinh ddc biQt c,rta ndi gidng..." (Chil NghTa Ddn T)c SinhTdn, Luoc Gidi Dqi t)

Tinh thdn dAn t6c manh mE dy bdt ngu6n tir m6t tinhthAn chring tOc md dd c6 s6n 6 ttng ngrrdi dAn ViQt.

"... Chi vi ddn ta c6 tinh thdn chilng tQc rdi cudng ki4nngay til thdi thdi cd..." (Chil Nghia DdnTQc SinhT6n, LtqcGidi Dqi t)

Til cdn nguy€n ld tinh thdn chring tOc sfrn c6 r6-sAu c6ich6c 6 trong ttrim tdm moi ngrrdi, tinh thAn d6 ph6t tridn thdnhtinh thdn dAn tQc, tinh thAn qudc gia.

"... Cdi tinh thdn dy (tinh thdn Ddn T)c) ct ngdy mQt

phdn khhi th€m Mn vd lan rQng ra thdnh tinh thdn qu6'c gia''Ddn

nhd L! vd nhd Trdn lqi ra cdng ddo tao cho tinh thdnqudc gia cfia ddn t1c ta cqc k) manh mE, cd cdi srtc kdt chdtia" ti thdnh m\t khdi..." (chti NghTa Ddn TQc sinh T6n,Ltrqc Gidi Dqi t)

Tinh thdn qudc gia ld ndn ting sU hUng suy cia dAn tQc

ta.'... Khi ndo tinh thdn qu6'c gia ydu thi nildc suy, khi ndo

tinh thdn dy mqnh thi nudc ta thinh..." (Chil Nghla Ddn T)cSinh T6n, Luqc Gidi Dqi t)

Chinh tinh thdn qudc gia mdi tao n6n duoc nhffng s{oanh tiQt xi thdn, thric ddy ngrrdi ddn hy sinh cho d4i nghia'

"... Cd tinh thdn qudc gia mdi cdm thdy ngudi ta sinh ra6 ddi phdi mang mQt nghTa vu rdt ldn lao ddi vdi dA? ntdc,ddi vdi ngtrdi chdt trudc, vdi kZ sinh sau. Do d6 phdt xudt ranhfing gttong hy sinh cho td qudc vO cing m.dnh heL"" (ChilNghia DAn TQc Sinh Tdn, Luqc Gidi Dqi f )

DA-uET ordc-oAn-sAuc *33

rv. ruHUr'to cH0 nUdno cAru sAN cOa cnO ruexinoAru rOc sruH r6ru

Chring ta thdy ring muc dich tdi ydu cria moi ngtrdi E tdtc6 moi thdi dai ld Sinh tdn Ngrldi hoat clQng chi cdt dd sinhtdn, dd tidn h6a vi mrlu tim ddn h4nh phric sung mdn.

Ndu dfng ri6ng mQt m)nh, ngrldi kh6ng dri sfc, n6n phiihgp qudn nhau lai. SU hqp qudn trong phgm vi ddn tQc ld sttrhqp qudn tu ldn nhdt md lodi ngtdi c6 thd thuc hi€n dtqc.

Ndu ddn t6c kh6ng dugc td chfc ding hodng thi srl sinh$n cd nh6n sE bi uy hidp, vh di nhi6n srl Sinh T6n cta DdnTOc cflng sC bi de doa lu6n. B,Ei d6, mudn duy tri stt sinh tdncfia d6n t6c, ta phii td chrlc nhrt thd nio cho moi ngUdi vim6i ngtrdi ddu drrQc sinh tdndAy dti vi ddu c5 thd ph6t tridndrtoc nf,ng lrrc sinh t6n cria minh.

Tqo dqng mqi diiu kiQn thuQn lqi cho tdt cd moi nguditrong ddn tQc kdt hqp ch(t ch| vdi nhau dd tranh ddu cho s4sinh tdn chung, 6 chfic qudc gia theo thd chdtttr do, ddn chitttd cho moi ng*di dtqc htt&ng d6ng ddu nhfrng kdt qud cila sttranh ddu chung, ldm cho mqi ngtdi thdy rdng tranh dducho su sinh t6n cila dAn tQc ld bdo ddm chdc chdn nhdt chosinh tdn cila cd nhdn minh, dd ld htong di co bdn c,fia ChitNghta DAn T\c Sinh Tdn.

Dd thuc hi6n muc dich ndy, Chri Nghia DAn TQc SinhTdn chri trudng:

o. Thrlc hiQn dgidoon kdtqudc gio:Moi hinh thri'c chia rE tr6n cdn bin dia phrfong, sdc ddn,

nam nfr, giai cdp, ding phdi, tdn gi6o ddu bi nghiOm kh6c kdtrin vh bdi tnI riet dd.

b. 86o ddm s{sinh tdn cho moi ngUditrong ddn tgc:Chring ta bidt ngrldi chi kh6p minh trong ddn tQc vd thQt

tAm phung s{ ddn tQc khi bidt rhng ddn tQc b6o dim cho minh

34* nlANlr-LAp vA pntu-rcdlr

drroc sinh tdn sung m6n. Vi d5, qudc gia ph6i clugc td chrlctr6n cdn bdn c6ng bing, hqp ly dd srr b5c tQt gifra ngudi vdingrrdi kh6ng cdn nfla vd dd mgi ngrldi ddu drJdc sinh tdnddyclu.

c. Cring co vd tong cudng s0c mgnh don tQc:Dlnhi€n srJdodn kdt nh6't t/rciatodn d0n li ydu tdthen

chdt t4o dung srlc manh cria dAn tOc. Sttc manh tinh thdn d6,stlc mqnh chinh tr! d6 phdi drrqc ydm ffQ, hQu thudn bdng srtcmanh qudn st, sfic mqnh kinh tA'cila todn khdi ddn tQc nrta.Nhfrng sr1c manh ndy chi c6 thd c6 dtloc khi ndng luc, trinhcl6 cta ngrrdi ddn cltloc nAng cao.

Su nAng cao trinh dQ ndy c6i thiQn sn sinh tdn c6, nh6,nddng thdi n6 cfing ra't cAn thidt cho srt sinh tdn chung. Tdngctrdng stc manh ddn tQc ld tao didu ki€n cho ddn tQc drqc$n tqi vd phdt tridn.

Dlt vtEr QUoG oAtt otittcC6 nhflng thanh ni6n tri thrlc cria ddt Thang Long ngin

nf,m vin v6t tr€n dudng l6p Drfc, 10p Chi cld sdm ttrdng fngvdi thinh qui tri tuQ cria Tnrdng-Tir-Anh vd dd chA'p nhQnChfi nghla Ddn t6c Sinh t6n ld 6nh dudc soi chldng, ho chinhld nhtrng thdnh vi€n md ldi, khai drrdng: Pham-C6nh-Hoin,Nguy6n-Tidn-Hf , Cg Truong-B5-Hoinh, D4ng-V[-Tnl, T4-Thinh-ChAm, Nguy6n-Si-Dzinh (B6c Si San), Gi6o Lai v.v...

Tai PhriYOn ndi qu€ hr/ong criaTnlong-Tfr-Anh, m6tb0phfln g6m nhrlng nhdn sl y6u nddc, nhfrng thanh ni0n Ciichmang dd tg hgp nhau lai vi tuy6n bd chdp nhdn Chri ngh1aDAn tQc Sinh t6n. DAy ln mOt Chi bO ddu ti6n gdm c6 cdc6ng: Hohng-Kim-Giai (Gi6o hoc), D6 Khu0 (TrI Sin Tri Thrlc),Nguy6n-Ki6u-Si6u @i6n Chfi), Trdong-Soan (NOng Gia),Huynh-Anh (Thrldng Gia), Phan- DDng (Nhn Gi6o), DQiThiQn (tfc Nguy6n-Quang-Minh). Ngodi ra vd cria Hoing-

DA-uET orfc-oAu-oAuc *35

Kim-Giai li bd Tnrong-Thi-Thinh phdi hgp cr)ng ba V6-Thi-Trang (TrI Sdn Tri Thrlc) 1o vd vdn dd phq n[. Bi V6-Thi-Trang ld mQt n[ sinh Tnrdng Ddng-Khdnh (Hud), sau niy livd cfia Pham-Crr-Hii em cfia Pham-Vhn-Ddng (Quing-Ngai).

Mia Thu n[m 1939, Dai chidn thrl II btng nd, d6 ld cdhOi ldn dd cho DAn t6c ViQt Nam vrldn IOn giinh ldy DQc lQp.Vdi van bin Tuy6n ci{o Qudc ddn, Dai Vi6t Qudc Ddn Ddngdd chinh thfc ph6t tridn tr6n khSp Ba K! (Bdc K!' b6o hQ,Trung kj, tU trt, Nam kj, thu6c <tia). MOt tdp thd nhtrng tri thrlcy€u nudc, Cdch mang de kdt nghia t0m giao tai Ha NOi, d6ld co cdu Trung rlong dAu ti€n ctia Dai ViQt Qudc DAn Dingvdi D6ng Trt/dng Tnldng TfIAnh g6m c6: Nguy6n-Si-Dzinh(Brlc Si San), Nguy6n-Tidn-Hf, Pham-Crinh-Hoin, CUTrddng-Bi{-Hodnh, Dang-Vfr -Trr1, Nguy6n-Sdn-Hii, T4-Thhnh-ChAm, Phan-Bil-Trgng, Nguy6n-Dinh-Qudc, V[-\trn-Hdi, Nguy6n- Vhn-Vi6n, Gi6o-Lai, D[ng-Xu6n-Tidp (tri'c DOirrep) v.v...

Theo vdn bin Tuy6n Crio Qudc DAn (Tiry6n NgOn 1939EVQDD), "Hai tidng Dai-ViQt nOu cao f chi trr cudng rrr l{pvi c6i hDng khi mudn cho qudc gia manh l6n vi phdn thinhmdi mdi. Ba chfr Qudc DAn Ding t6 ring Ding niy kh6ngphdi cfia ri6ng gidi nio, mi li cfia todn thd d6n t6c".

Rrit kinh nghiQm cia cdc td chrlc C6ch mang tnldc, nh6'tli qua su hoat d6ng cria NguySn-Th6i-Hgc. Co cdu td chfcvd phrrong thrlc hoat dOng cfia Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn D6ng rdtch4t ch6 vd thJdc b6o m{t tdi da, cdc bQ phQn, co sd td chfcddu biQt lAp vdi nhau, 6 bO phdn, td chfc nio chi tlttgc bidttrong b6 phfln, td chrlc {V.6 Trung Udng chi bidt mQt DdngTn/6ng mi th6i. Trong hohn cdnh tdi mat dy, Ding Tnrdngphii chiu trr{ch nhi€m tnldc qudc ddn, vdi lich sfi...DingTnldng tn/c tidp di6u hinh, l1nh clao moi Ding vu. Trungddng D6ng B0 dat d Ha NQi hodc c6c Tinh ldn cQn trongving d6ng bing BXc Viet, Tru sd Trung Udng li di tl6ng vd

36* ffiA}TH-l^P VA PHAT.IIPItrN

cflng li bi mflt. Nguy6n t6c bi mQt td mQt trong nhflng nguy6ntdc cdn bin vd hoat clQng cria Dai ViQt Qudc Din Ding.

Nguy6n tdc dy d6 clrrgc chi tidt h6a vi thd hi€n trongD6ng quy 1939 nhu sau:

1. Ift6ng bao gid Od lO ctro k6 ngoai Ding, m4c di ngUdinhd bidt rhng minh d trong mQt Ding Crich Mang bi mft vibidt su hinh d6ng tung tich cria D6ng.

2. Nhllng ngddi chi huy cflng kh6ng drrgc bidt nhidu cldngchi ldm viQc dudi quydn minh.

3. Cdc Ddng vi6n khi gia nhQp D6ng phii ding mQt bidanh. Tn/dc mit ci{c d6ng chi kh6c nhdt thidt kh6ng drrgc gqit6n thuc.

4.Ddngvi6n phii gif, kin 3 didu sau d6y:.*.a. len tuol.b. QuC qu6n.c. Noi trri ngu cria minh.pdi vOl c6c d6ng chi kh6c kh6ng cAn bidt vh kh6ng n6n

tb md tim bidt nhfrng di6u dy.5. Ndu khOng cAn thi c0ng khOng n6n cho ddng chi khdc

bidt minh cflng d trong m6t Ding, di ld cing 6 trong mQt nhd.6. Kh6ng drlgc chgp 6nh vdi nhau, khdng dudc giff 6nh

cfia nhau.7 . G4p nhau ngodi dtrdng khOng cAn phii chio nhau.8. Cfichi, hinh d6ng, ciich sinh hoat cria Ding vi€n phii

giff dfng nhrrkhi chtta gia nhdp Ding. Phei 1u6n lu6n gifl srldi6u hda trong cdc c6ng viQc, drlng dd cho ngrrdi ngoii chri fddn minh.

9. Cdc Ding vi6n phrii tudn theo mQnh lQnh cria liy-vi€n Chi-BO. Cric cOng viQc chi c6 thd n5i vdi Iiy-vi€n Chi-B0 cria minh mi th0i.

10. Trong cdc viQc tuy6n truydn phii th{n trong vi chic6 quydn n6i ddn chri ngtrla cta D6ng, ngoii ra kh6ng drrocn6i ddn t€n cria mQt Ding vi6n khiic, ho[c n6i gi tidt 16 cOng

Dfl-vrET oudc-ofu.sAuc *37

vi6c cria D6ng. Khi da tuy6n truydn cho ngrrdi nio mi thdyc5 ch6 khd nghi n6n biio cho ban do thdm bidt dd dd x6t th6idQ ngrldi d'y.

11. Trong c6c vi€c tuy6n truydn gap ph6i mQtDing vi€nkhdc phiii, se nhd mQt Ban do rhdm hQp h/c vdi minh dd x6tth6i d6 vd th6ng b5o cho Uy-vi6n Chi-BQ bidr dd biio c6o l6nthUong cdp dinh cloat. C6c D6ng vi6n kh6ng c6 quydn rnrctidp vdi ciic Eing phr{i kh6c md ng6 f hgp t6c.

12. Ndu tuy6n truydn ph6i m6t t6n do th6m hay chi didmholc x6t ra ld c6 ngudi theo d6i minh thi ldp trlc phii brlo choIiy vi6n Chi b6 bidt vh b6o ci{o len rhudn; ca'piim c6ch ddiph5. MOt mlt ph6i tdminh t)m c6ch l6ng xa ra vi6c kh6c viph6i tam thdi dinh chi moi sr/cli lai vdi c6c ddng chi, rrao gidytd cho m6t ddng chi kh6c.

Dai Vi6r Qudc ddn Ddng ph6t sinh til hdng ngfi rhanhni6n, sinh vi6n, trf thrfc, Cdch m?ng 6 Ha NQi mi ViQn DaiHgc Hd N6i thdi ba'y gid th quy tu hdt thdy Sinh vi€n trongtoln c6i DOng Duong (Bdc, Trung, Nam, Cao Mi€n, Ai Lao).Vl vay chEng bao l6u co cdu td chrlc Dai ViQt Qudc DdnDing d5 lan rQng khSp D6ng duong.

Xf B0 Bdc ViQt dudc ddt tnrc thu6c Trung udng Dingb0 do chinh Ding tnldng tnlc tidp <li6u khidn, sau c6 s{phUt5, cia Biic sI Ddng-V[-Lac.

Xr1b0 Trung Vi6t do Bdc Si Bttu-HiQp lim Xrl trddng,vd sau c6 th6m Ky SrIHi-Thric-Kf phq t6.

Xf b0 Nam ViQt do Gir{o srr Nguy6n-Wn-Hrrdng (MtrdiI-6; tam XrlTnr6ng, sau ndy cltroc thay rhdbdi K! strPhan-Th6ng-Th6o (Trlc L6-Qudc-Hung). Nhtrng n6m ddu, D6ngtrtrdng de didu d6ng mQt sd Ddng vi€n 6 Phri YCn vdo rdng

38* rHANfl{Ap vA pnturrpfri

ctldng ho4tdQng 6 midnNamvi Cao Mi0n,AiLao ...Sau cl6

Ddng tnldng dd chinh thrlc cfivdo Namkj'mQtb0 ph{n iluQcmQnh danh li: Nhdn, NgtiTa, L6, Tri, Tin...tl6u li nhf,ng nhitri thrlc sinh quiin 6 Midn Nam.

DAru ET oudc-oAr'r -oAu c *3e

TRUNG UdNG DANG BOvA xU s0 rvlrEr.r sAc'

A. Gioidoon Trrrdng thdnh

Eai ViQt Qudc Ddn D6ng dd hoar d6ng manh m6 vi c6hi6u qui nh6't ld trong tdng ldp tr6, trf thri,c, trong hing ng0Sinh vi6n, Hoc sinh. Tai Hi NQi vn c6c Tinh ldn c6n, trongnhfrng ndm ddu cfia th6p ni6n 40 dd c6 nhtrng doin Sinhvi€n, Hoc sinh lu6n lu6n c6 mdr dd b€nh vdc cho d6ng bdotrong nhfrng vU bi ngudi Phiip hoic tay sai chdn 6p, 6pbri'c...C6 nhidu vu x6 x6t nhhm tnrng phar c6c r6n Th{c dAnvi tay sai hdng hiich, bdt nat cl6ng bio ta.

KhXp ci{c TrUdng Dai Hoc, Cao DEng vd Trung Hoc dHe NOi ndi ndo c0ng c6 hC thdng td chrlc cria DaiViQt eudcDAn Ddng. Phong trio Hrldng Dao cfrng drroc Dai ViQr eudcDAn Ding ydm trd, phrit huy. Nhi6u doin Hudng Dao dddrroc Ddng vi6n Dai ViQt Qudc DAn Ding ldnh dao ph6t huytinh thAn y6u nddc, y€u d6n t6c, rinh thAn nhOn 6igirip tldngudi nghdo, ngudi th6'p k6m, tinh thdn tQp thd, kdt doin taosf'c manh. Trong hdng ngfl Sinh vi6n vd gidi rrf thf,c, DaiViQtQu6'c DAn Ding phrit dQng phong trdo nghi€n crlu Lich sr?Ddn tOc til d6 hinh thdnh nhfrng doin Sinh vi€n, Thanh niCntim vd cric di tich lich sficfia Ddn t6c. Tinh thAn D6n tOc tidnb0 drldc d6 cao trong c6c tric phdm vdn hoc nghQ thuflt.

. Cdc cl6ng vi6n tri thtlc tr6 tudi mdi ra Tnldng li thdnhphdn hlng say nhdt trong cdng tric phdt tridn cd sd Ding 6

40* nrANH-rAp vA prnt-tpdll

tvtidn Bic.CdcB6c sINg6-Gia-Hy (Gi6o srrThac STY-khoa),Bdc siDdng-vdn-Sung, Biic siD[ng-V[-Tnrv.v... nghy d6m1o viQc tuydn chon vd gi6o dgc cilcTdnDing vi6n.C6c dingvi6n Phan-vln-Chdm (Chdm PhU), Bii-Di6m, TrAn-Trung-Dungv.v...cf,ng tilng s6t c6nh vdi cdrcDf,ng bO dia phrrdng ddlo ph6t tridn Dtng tai cdc dia phuong ldn c{n Hi NQi nhuBdc Ninh, Hi DOng, Nam Dinh.

SU hoat dQng cfia B6c si D4ng-Vt-Lac thdn sinh cfiaD4ng-Vfl-Tnr d6 tao cho Ding rdt nhi6u loi thdvd viQc ph6ttridn Eing vi kinh tdtdi chdnh. Biic slDIng-Vfl-Lac ld mQtB6c si k) c{u nhdt cria DOng Drrdng 0a tdt nghiQp Bdc sl 6Ph6p, md dudng dtldng Henry Copin 6 Ha NQi ld mQt nhithrring fiIldn nhdt D6ng DUdng thdi bdy gid vi da dd xudngviQc thdnh 10p HQi B6c si D6ng DUdng. Ch6nh quiin criaB6c si D{ng-Vfl-Lac 6 ldng Hdnh-ThiQn Nam Dinh c6 1i6nhQ gia tQc vdi phia me cria D4ng-Xudn-Khu (Tnrdng-Chinh)'Nhung he ph6i phia b6n Bdc si D[ng-V[-Lac thi hqc hdnhvi tim [n ph6t d4t hon drrgc ddn trong ldng Hdnh-ThiQn vici phri Xudn-Tnrdng vi nd. Tri{i lai, Tnrdng Chinh (Dang-Xudn-Khu) thi hgc hdnh kh6ng ra gi cdn bi sa srit...cho n6nc6 sd ganh ty d dia phuong dd 16u. Ddn khi CQng-Sin chid.mauoc cnann quydn, Trddng Chinh ra lQnh thri ti6u mOt lAn

biy (07) ngtldi thanh ni€n tri thrlc cfia Ho D4ng-V[ d6 theoDai ViQt d6 li: 1. Dang-Vfl-Cdn, 2. E4ng-Vfr-To4i' 3. Dang-V[-Le, 4. D{ng-V[-Kha, 5. D [ng-V[-Thn, 6. Dlng-V[-Dinh,7. D4ng-V[-0y. Ri€ng D4ng-V[-Tnr, COng sin dd b{t c6c 6He NOi dd tao 6p hlc vdi Bdc siD4ng-V[-Lac. Nhtlng kh6ngclrtgc, ndn chfng tlem tli giam giffd trAi ti thuQc xd Phric Son,huyOn Chi€m H6a (Tuy6n Quang) 16l tr4 siit vdo n[m 1949.Th6ng 7 ndm 2000, nhd phudng ph6p ngoai cim gia dinh ddtim dfdc m0 vi dd di trdng vd gAn mQ cfia B6c sl D4ng VfrL4c 6 BdrB4t (Sdn ThY)

ofl-uh oudc.oAu.sAuc *41

Phia n[gidi, kdmiu cria Ng6-Gia-Hy li mOtngudi ilinba da gan da, kh8ng kh6i vd hy sinh d6ng g6p nhidu choDing trong thdi k!, tidn Cdch mang. N6n c6c ding vi6n MidnB5c thdi bdy gid thrrdng goi bhng m6t bi6t dantr rdtinan thrrongle "Ba u".

Sau nam 1945 "Ba U" v6n sdng d Ha NOi, tidp tuc crtumang hing ng0 Ding vi6n Dai ViQt eudc DAn D6ng vi tr/xdng vdi danh hi€u la "Vai Gid" cdn goi chi Ce Td (d6ngvi6n Ddng-thi-Khi6m) la "Vai T16". "Vdi Gih', vh ..Vdi T16',ld hai nhdn v6t bidu ffdng cho hai thd he phg n[ Edng vi6ncria Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding d Vtidn n6c.

NIm 1954 "Be IJ" kh6ng di crJ vio Nam, v6n tidp tucsdng tai Midn BXc dd ddp ruc thi gan cing qudn COng n6.T,hr/dng thrldng bEng nhtrng miu chuyQn hii hrrdc hoic Kiduldy dd ch6m bidm TQp dodn thdng tri cria cQng quaniu.

Bdt dAu vdo thdp ni6n 40, vang b6ng cfia thdi Nguy6nTh6i Hoc (1930) hdu nhudd phai nhat... K6 bi luu ddy, ngrrdilrru vong xa xf. Trong qudc n6i l4ng y6n. Ldp trd cria D6nTQc ViQt Nam lai ddi h6i, mong chd mQt cr{i gi m6i hon,thichhgp hon: - MQt Chfi nghla mdi chinh xiic vi thich hop. - MOttd chrlc mdi chit ch€, khoa hoc vi qui tu duoc hAu h €t c6cphdn tfi du tf cria Ddn r6c. Dai ViQt eudc Ddn Diing ile d6pf'ng duoc nhfrng chd ddi mong m6i dy. Do d6 hing ngfl Dingvi6n Vi6t Nam Qudc Ddn Ding cria Nguy6n Th6i Hgc d5 trr

(1). C6 ldn cA gu6ng may thdng tri 6 Hd NQi dang rQn rdng chudn bidon mirng m6t quan thdy Nga 56 sang tham quan; .Ba U, d6 bu6tmi6ng mdy cAu Ki6u tdy:. "K6o cd fiy, phiit sing thdnh,

D6n 6ng "L6'p B6'p" nudc ngUdi sang choi,,.

42* ftriNrlr4\p vnpruumdll

1i tuy€n thQ gia nhflp D4i ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding rdt d6ng d6o.rtrr*Ot vdi ving 6 HungYOn, Nam Dinh, BXc Giang"'

Nhflng ho4t dQng cria D4i ViQt Qudc Ddn DAng dd trdikhdp ba ky @6c, Trung, Nam). Dai ViQt Qudc DAn Ding d5ld mOt chinh D6ng hfru danh, hlru thrlc nXm trong ldng dAntQc. Drroc tohn thd dAn t6c Vi6t Nam tidp nhQn, che ch6, nu6idrrdng. Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn D6ng lai c6 sin m6t doin ngflThanh ni6n Sinh vi6n Xung kich, nhiQt liQt tin trldng vio chringhia DdnTQc SinhTdn, tin vdo tdi n[ng ldnh d4o cfia Dingtnl8ng TrUOng-Tt-Anh. Gu6ng m6y cai tri cria Thrlc din Ph6p6 DOng Dddng d6 thrlc srJ phii ctr-Idng dAu vdi mQt lgc lrrgnghnng manh dang cdng nghy chng canh tin vd phrit tridn' Thr,rc

aanlnap chi c6 mQi con arrOng duy nhdt li tC Het h6a ddhdng ti6u diet. Moi hinh dQng cfia Ding trudng Tnrong-TfrAnh thrrc din Ph6p d6u theo d6i dd xdt k! lrrdng' Ndm 1942mQt th6m Ph6p 6 Ha NOi da b6t clrroc D6ng tnr6ng Tnrong-Tfi-Anh. Chring tra tdn d6 man, cld nhi6u lAn Ding tnrdngph6i gi6 h6n m€ vd chdt (tdt thd). Sau cl6 chring dAy D6ngir,r6rg l€n Hda Binh. 6ng Nguy6n Chdu ld DrrQng 16 cfiaDing-Tnrdng dd 1o thdm nudi trong giai doan nAy' Sau d5,ThU; ddn Ph6p dDng kd diQu hd ly sdn, tri Din-g tnrdng vdnguy€n quan I M! Thanh, Tuy Hba, PhriY6n cld quin thric'ViCn COrg Sf Phf YOn dd dich th6n ddn tQn nhd dd bd tri,s6p xdp vGc canh gif, theo d6i. Nhrrng hQ thdng td chri'c criaDai ViQt Qudc DAn Ding 6 Tuy Hda 14i chdt ch6, kin dilo vdcl6ng dio hdn. Do d6 Ding tnIdng cld tnrc tidp 16nh d4o drrgccuQc edu tranh ctia tr€n 20.000 nOng ddn Phri Y€n chdng laitflp dodn Trr b6n Ph6p-Hda Lan trong HQi dddng (Soci6t6SucriEre d'Annam). Khi cuQc d6'u tranh cfia n6ng dAn PhfYOn dang 16n cao thi Ding fftrdng nh{n drrgc mAt tin ld "Vi6nCOng .,t 6 SOng Cdu d6 d6nh diQn xin ph6p Toin QuydnDOng Drrdng dd Orrqc ddn rip din Tuy Hda nhrr d NghQ An

ofl-tlE-T oudc.oAn.oiHc *43

vd YCn Bdi..." Ddng Trudng dd bi m6t trd ra Hi N6i dd d6nhdi6n sang Paris ch6't vdn 86 thuQc dia phrlp vi phrit dQng dulu6n biio chi c6ng kfch Chinh phri phrlp rrong di t6m b6c l6tvd ddn 6p n6ng ddn ViQt Nam.

Ddn dd u nd,m l944,D6ng Trddng Tnrdng-Tfr-Anh lai bithdc dan b5t, chring giam gifr canh phdng rdt cdn m4t...D6ngTrudng phii gi6 b6nh vi nhd ciic B6c si "N6i tuydn,'cfiaDing cho udng m6t loai thudc gdy ra bQnh ti€u ch6y, do d6D6ng^tnldng li6n dudc dlra ddn khu biEt lQp. Tr€n ctudng dichuydn ciic bQ phdn chim da gi6i rhoiit du-d. c. Chi trong thOigian ngXn sau khi bi b6t li Ding tn/dng dd rrd lai hoat d6ngcing c6c D6ng chi. Thdi k) ndy Ding rnrdng phrii l6n trrinhnhidu, hic thi vd sdng chung vdi cd sd 6 vDng Chidn khu K6pBdc Giang, khi lai bdt ttrAn xudt hi6n dd chfi toa c6c budi hepcria Trung Udng Ding b0 d Ha NOi. Nhd v6y mi diing vu d6drldc hen tuc vd dat hi€u nlng cao...

Trong nhfrng rhring ngdy ctia cudi ndm 1944 ddu n5m1945, tuy rhng Thuc ddn cdvudn nh8ng nanh vudt ra dd mdxidt chat ti6u diQt Dai Vi6t eudc DAn D6ng, nhung vdi strhi€n di6n cria hdng ngfr Hidn binh vi eu6n dQi Nhdt c[n_eldm cho Thrlc dan Phrip phdi ngd nging mQt phdn ndo. Dod6 khip ciic Tinh 6 Mi6n D6ng Blng vi Trun-s Du Bdc Vi€tchinh trrD6ng tildng dd d6t chdn ddn ddu khdp, khi thi Hrtn-sYdn, Hdi Dudng...khi thi Bdc Giang. Vinh phfc...cd nhi6uldn Ddng tnrdng bi mdt ddn chri toa budi sinh hoat cfia ccl stJdia phrrong mi cdc ding vi0n kh6n_s hd bidr. C6 lfc Dingtrudng lai c6ng khai sinh hoat dim dar-r vi gidi thich vd ltthuydt Chri Nghia Ddn Ttic Sinh'I6n cho cdc thiin hio nhinsI vi Ding vi6n nhu 11 Hun_v y€n. Hi D0n-r...

Ding trdEng di chuydn it khi crl n-cut)i h0 r,d. Khi girp

11 * TflANn-t4\p vA PnATTIPIEN

bao vdy thtldng tldn tlQc ho{c cing vdi vQ si dtng v6 thufltquflt ngd mQt th6m, cd c6m dd tg gi6i thoi4t.^

Sau ngiry 0913/1945, NhQt de lQt dd Ph6p, viQc sinh hoatcria D4i ViQt Qudc ddn Ddng c6 phAn d6 ding hon trudc'NhtlngD4i viQt Qudc ddn Ding v6n t6n trong nguy6n tdc BiMflt kh6ng xudt hiQn c6ng khai nhrtnhffng chinh il6ng khdc'

B. Gioi-dogn ddi-khdng tr,lc-diQn v6iViQt-minh CQng-sdnDdn th6ng gtlg4s h/c hrdng ViQt Nam Qudc Ddn D6ng

vi cdc iloin thd C6ch m4ng ViQt Nam hnr vong b6n Tiu,cDng vdi qudn Thu trd vd, trddng bing, trfdng cd rQn rdngkhdp noi. Dai viQt Qudc ddn Ding tl6 hoat dQng m4nh mE

hon tnrdc nhung vdn theo dring nguyOn t6c Bi MQt' Lric ndyViQt Nam Qudc Oan Ddng di sfl dung chung Ding ky: N6nd6 vbng xanh sao trdng, nhUng vdi bing hieu h M4t Tr{nQudc Oan Oatg ho{c ViQt Nam Qudc Ddn Ding' Thdi bdygid ViQt Nam Qudc Ddn D6ng kh6ng cdn sit dung Ding kycfia Nguy6n Th6i Hgc, nfla il6 nfia vhng x6o ngang ntra' C6ch6ng chi trong tang 16 cria ciic c{u Ding vi6n ViQt Nam

Qudc Ddn Ding thd he cria Nguy6n Th6i Hoc (nhtr cg NgO

Thric Dich)(r)ho4c trong nhf,ng 16 lac c6 tinh c6ch ri6ng t4truydn itdng cria ViQt Nam Qudc Ddn Ding Nguy6n Th6iHoc mi th6i.

Tdt cd c6c Ddng vi6n th/gc kdt n4p trong giai doan niyildu vdi danh xrlng ln Qudc D0n Ding (kh6ng c6 chtr EaiViet hoAc ViQt Nam), dtrdi ngon cd ndn d6 vbng xanh sao

trfng, pi,Ung vg cho Cht Ngtria Ddn TQc Sinh T6n' Tnfdng-

(1). Ndm 1952, Cu C0 Ng6-Th0c-Dich dd ta th6 tai Hd Noi' Thdnh b.0

VrlOOo Ha Nqipnu tracf, nghi 16 mait6ng n6n dd phii hqp khdn cdpO6 quvdt dinh p'h0 dang ki nio l6n quan tdi. Sau khi thAo lu{n k!tr'long da oi ogh quydt oinn ld ph0 dAng ki' n0a d6 nrla ving ch6ongang c0a VNQDD trong cuQc khdi nghTa 1930'

DAr-vr E-T ondc- oAru.silr c *4s

Tfr-Anh hic bdy gid ld Chfi tich cria Mdt tr4n qudc D6n Dingda dudc moi cdp bO t6n vinh vi tin trldng nhd li 16nh tu duynhdt tdi cao cria hing ngfl Qudc Dnn D6ng. V[-H6ng-Khanh(ViQt Nam Qudc Ddn Ddng), Nguy6n-Trldng-Tam (Dai ViQtDAn Chinh) d6u viQn lf do ln mdi ril H6i ngoai vd kh6ng 16drroc qudc n6i n6n chi gifr nhfrng nhiQm vU vd m5t ndi c6ngkhai mi th6i.

Moi sinh hoar cria M[r rr6n Qudc Ddn Ding ddu doTnldng Tfi Anh qu6n tri, di6u hdnh. Nhtrng phi6n hop, h6inghi ddu do Trddng Tt?Anh triQu t{p vd chri toa.

Chri truong dddng ldi cria Mqr ftan Qudc Ddn Ddng lddo Tnldng-Tfi-Anh vd ciic cdp b0 hoach dinh. Vti-Hdng-Khanh 1o li trong D6ng vU, it khi tham du cdc cuQc hop criaQudc DAn Ding.

Khi thinh lQp Qudc DAn QuAn trlc li QuAn dQi cta MatTrQn Qudc DAn Ddng, Tnldng-Tr1-Anh li Tdng-Tu-LQnhT6iCao ctia Qudn dOi ndy.

Lnc dy Vfr-Hdng-Khanh lai la Ph6 Chti tich QuAn 0yH6i cfia QuAn dQi mi V6-Nguy6n-Gidp ld Cht tich.

Luc ltlong C6ch mang Vi6t Nam lrtu vong d Trung HoaDdn Qudc dd cDng Qudn dQi cfia Lu-Hi{n, Ti€u Vin trd v6Vi6t Nam ddu qui tg drrdi danh nghiq ViQt Nam Cdch MangD6ng Minh H6i cta cu Nguy6n-gdi-fhdn ho4c ViQt NamQudc DAn Ding H6i ngoai cria Vfr-H6ng-Khanh ho4c DaiVi€t Ddn Chinh cia Nguy6n-Trrdng-Tam. Khi phe ViQt MinhCQng s6n dua ra dd nghi Tdng tuydn cfr, vdi rr/ ci{ch ld Chritich Mlt tr6n Qudc Ddn Ding, Truong TfIAnh cla phin <ldi.ViQt Minh CQng sin dd dem ving drit l6t cho cdc Trrdng lSnh

16* TaANH-rq\p vtr pntu-tpml

Trung Hoa dd nhd khuydn dg nhflng nhd crich mang ViQtNam dd sdng nhidu ngiy tr6n ddt Trung Hoa dd c5 li€n hQ

vdi ciic Trrdng 16nh dy. Viet Minh CQng sAn lai drra ra gi6iph6p ln dinh s6'n cho phe Qudc gia mQt sd ghd trong QudchQi, kh6i phii qua srr bAu crl tryc tidp cria Qudc ddn. Ndu

. "? .a.cnap nnan grar ph6p niy trlc ld vtlgt qua kh6i trd ng4i mdTnrong-Tfi-Anh d6 n€u ra, trlc ld tdnh d0 ddn trf chrla duocnAng iao, chrra f thrfc chrgc quydn han vi bdn phQn c6ngddn, chrJa c6 srl hla chon trung thrlc vdi trr y cia ngrldi d0n.Cu Nguy6n-Hii-Thdn lfc dy il6 gid rdi, ltru vong 16u ngdykh6ng cdn thdu hidu drro. c ddn tinh, Vfl-Hdng-Khanh thi khOng

- nilmtron dddc vdn d6, Nguy6n-Tudng-Tam thi.ld dSng n€ndd nd nang c5c Tudng ldnh Trung Hoa md chdp nhQn gi6iph6p gifr s6n mOt sdghdDai bidu kh6ng qua sr/chon hla cria

Qudc ddn. C6 mQt vii thuQc cdp cria V[-H6ng-Khanh lai chorXng d6 ld didu thSng loi vi kh6ng cAn tranh cfimi cfing drlocldm D4i bidu Qudc hQi. Trong khdi Qudc gia Chdng cQng c64 thlnh phAn mi dd c6 ddn 3 ch6'p thu{n, chi c6 mQt minhTnrdng TfIAnh cfia D4i viQt Qudc D6n D6ng chdng lai thithrlc qu6 thidu sd, do tl6 b6n phe Qudc Gia chdng cQng chicdn bidt lo tim ngrrdi mh phdn phdi vio cho dri 70 ghd Daibidu Qudc hQi, cbn laild 374 ghdD4i bidu thi ViQt minh tdchrlc bAu cfitr6n todn qudc. Tuy nhi6n ddn ngdy bAu cfiQudchQi 06-01-1946, nhidu dia phrrong vi ngay ci tai Ha NQicflng c6 nhi6u ndi tUdQng chdng ph6 cuQc bdu cfi.

Theo s1t phdn chia, ViQt Nam C6ch mAng D6ng minhhOi cta cu Nguy6n-H6i-Thdn giflZ}ghdD4i bidu Qudc hQi,Mat trQn Qudc Din Ding 50 ghd. Giang sdn ViQt Nam dudithdi Nguy6n-Tridu do Nh{t bin trao lai c5 65 tinh bao g6m:Bdn tram Phri, HuyQn. Nhr/ vfy sd ghd D4i bidu Qudc HOicria M4t Trfn Qudc D0n Ding rO rdng li chua tdi drroc cdpPhti, HuyQn li don vf hhnh ch6nh cdn b6n. Sd pai bidu dychi quanh qudn trong thdnh phd Ha NOi la dd c6 ttri rdi. Tuy

DN-uET oudc-0tu-sAuc *17

thd, loi dung di6n cldn niy, nhidu Ding vi6n Dai ViQt eudcDAn Dring d5 thrlc hiQn drldc nhi6u c6ng vi€c hfiu ich nhrl:Cung-Dinh-Qu! da tranh thri gifr chtlc vU De Nha't ph6 Chi--.-tich Qudc HOi, 6 vai trd 6'y Cung-Dinn-quy Oa cu.r ttie. p ragi6i thor{t duoc rdt nhi6u Chidn si eudc gia bi ViQt MinhCQng Sin giam cAm, hdnh ha roan thfi ti6u...Tr6n di6n dinqud.. tLl tt0i Ufv giA, r.An- l$gg th6n vach16 nhfrng t6i 6,c, nhfrng dd tdm, nhfrng muffi6 x6o quy6t cfiaH6-Chi-Minh Nguy6n-Tft-Thdnh , t6 c6o viQc bdu crl eudch6i la gian tr6, my d6n... (Nhtrng Ngiy Chrra eu€n, EoinThCm, trang 8).

Trong cuQc bdu cfieudc hQi nlm 1946, ViQt Minh l{y c6ld: Ddn chring cdn mi chfrn6n di thdnh ldp ban vidt girip taim6i phOng phidu, 16 di nhi€n ban vidt girip toin ld nhtrngngudi cfia phe C0ng sin vi da ttr ]i vidt nhfrng r6n thu6c phecria hg vdo Li phidu ctia ngrrdi ddn. Trong nhffng ban kidmphidu c0ng d6u ld ngudi cfia phe CQng sin ViQt Minh, ho ddghi gian lQn sdphidu.

Tai Nam bQ hic dy c6 5 tri6u 500 ngdn d6n, trlc ld l/5 sdddn tr6ntodn qudc mi chi drroc bAu 18 dai bidu tr6n tdng sdtoin qudc Ld444 ctai bidu. Hd Chi Minh di rt5c cfitai Ha nOivdigSVo tr6n tdng sdcfitri di bdu drroc ghi lit 172.765cr?tri,tri'c li 169.222 phidu. Trong l:(i,c dy, rheo Annuaire Statisquede l'Indochine 1943-1946trang}l th\sddan 6 Hn nQi hic d6la 119.000 ngUdi. NhrI vAy phdi c6 rr6n 50 ngdn phidu ma,ndu ldy con sdthdng kO kd tr€n lim chudn. eudc h6i dy ilugctriQu tQp hop ngiy 2-3-1946 0d ta'r1 phong chinh phri Li€nHiQp cria Hd Chi Minh. phi0n hgp ngiy g-tt-Ig46ttd chdpthudn m6t b6n Hidn phrtp vdi sddai bidu di dU hqp 1d,242 daibidu tr€n tdngsi 444OaiUidu. Nhrrng chi ddn ngd y t+-tti6thi qudc hQi niy lai tuy6n bdOintr chi thi hnnh Hidn phdp vilamdi drroc chdp thu6n nghy 9-t t-t946. Til d6 eudc hQi naykh6ng lim vi€c nfta, cdc dai bidu ddu trd vd dia phrrong vi

48* rnhrurrp v,t Prntpdl

fiy nhiQm cho mOt Ban Thudng VU dai diQn'

Ddu th6ng g-lg4s,qudn dQi Trung Hoa Ddn Qudc b6tdAu trdn sang ViQt Nam dd giii gidi qudn dQi NhQt Hodng'Vdi hon 180.000 qudn Trung Hoa Ddn Qudc rii doc tU vltuydn 16 @a N6ng) 16n tdi biOn gidi Midn B6c vd hdn 30'000qoan Nf,4t kh6ng rta thich gi CQng Sin ld mOt srlc h{u thuSn

khi quan cfia M4t Tr{n Qudc Ddn Df,ng. Do d6 Mat Tran

Qudc Ddn Ding 14i tlng cddng viQc kdt tQi, de phri CQng

Sin ViQt Minh. Ngiy 11-11-1945, Ding CQng Sdn D0ngDrIdng tll tuy6n bd gi6i t6n vd bidn d4ng thdnh HQi Nghi6nCfu Chfi ,gi,iu Marx, tU d6 vd sau phe CQng San H6-Chi-Minh chi nhin danh li Tdng BQ ViQt Minh. Trong Chinh phri

Li6n HiQp, cdc thdnh phdn CQng Sdn ddu dudc nguy trangvdi danh xrlng li Mat Trin ViQt Minh ho{c Eing D0n Chri'Khi H6-Chi-Minh xudn clOng thinh lQp Chinh phri Ldm thditr6i tnang 8-1945, Trung Hoa Din Qudc (TrDng Khrinh) choring d6 le mQt str gian x6o, md rfm...Edn khi qudn dQi TrungUoa'Oan Qudc sang ViQt Nam, Trung Kh6nh dd tntc tidp chithi cho tiCu-Van, i,r-Uan...phii 1o viQc s6p xdp d-d c6 mOtChinh phri kh6ng COng Sin hQp lQ dring theo chidu hudngcria phe Ddng Minh Anh, Ph6p, My... Ngny O4-lO-1945,Trldng Hn-Ung-IftdmBO tnldng chidn tranhTrung Hoa Ddn

Qudc da thdn hdnh tldn Hd.NQi dd quan s6t tinh hinh vi d6na?c cOng viQc, Trrdng Hi-Ung-Khdm c6ng khai tuye n Ud n:'Trung Hoa Ddn Qudc khOng nhin nhQn mOt chinh quydnCQng Sin t4i ViQt Nam".

Sfc chdng ddi cria M4t Tran Qudc DAn D6ng lai giatlng vd todn diQn hon, Hd-Chi-Minh dd nhi6u lAn than vdnld Chinh phti CQng Sdn dang trong tinh trang "Nghn cdn treosdi t6c". Chinh H6-Chi-Minh dd mudn giao lai cho B6o-Daidtlng ra thinh lQp chinh phri kh6ng CQng Sin' Nhung ngay

DAr-vrET ordc-oAu-sAruc *49

khi mdi thdnh 10p Chinh phfl Ldm rhdi, H6-Chi-Minh dd phritdQng Tudn L6 Vlng, thu v6t ving, bac, quf kim cria nhdnd0n. H6-Chi-Minh dd xud't trong sd vdng d'y dric thinh m6tb0 bin dBn hrit thudc phiQn dem dAng cho LrI-H6n cDng vdimQt sdb6o v6t khiic, cdn Ti6u-Vdn vi c6c Tudng l6nh TrungHoa cflng d6u nh{n drloc vdng vd b6o vdt. Trong lfc {y Chinhphri Trirng Kh6nh dd nhidu ldn gdi di6n vdn, Cdn b6 sangthfc duc ciic TUdngldnh dViQt Nam vd vi6c lQt ild phe COngS6n Ud-Chi-Minh va thanh ldp nOn Chinh phfi Qudc gia kh6ngCQng Sin thi Ti6u-Vdn, Lu-H6n ddu y6n ldng cho tr6i qua.

Lai th6m Chri tich Tinh VAn Nam Trung Qudc li LongVOn c6 6m mrlu chdng lai Trrdng-Gidi-Thach, khi dd phdialudc Lrr-H6n k6o hdt quAn d Vdn nam sang ViQt Nam, TudngThdng Chd mdi ra 16nh Ait gi1til-ong-v6n vd Nam Kinh <ldtrl tQi, vi vAy tim trang cria Ld-Hr{n vd ciic TUdng l6nhTrungHoa hic 6ViQt Nam rdt ch6n nin, lo 6u...Moi vi0c ddu mudnbu6ng xu6i dd thri lqi.

ThUa tdm rrang nhy H6-Chi-Minh dd ddng hidn cho Lr/-Hiin, Ti6u-Vdn ...dri moi lac thf, dri loai chAu biiu, ngoc ngivh nhd Ti6u-Vdn, Lrl-h6n din xdp cho 6m chuyQn Chinh phriLi€n hiQp Qudc CQng.

Khi c6 Am muu thinh lQp Chinh phri Li6n hiQp QudcCQng, Tnrong-Tfi-Anh d5 nhdt quydt kh6ng ch6'p nhQn, kh6ngcfingtrdi ra tham gia vlo Chinh phri. Truong-Tfi-Anh dd thidttha k€u goi cdc l6nh tU b6n phe Qudc gia hdy xem CQng SinViQt Minh nhula Thrrc ddn crrdp nrrdc vd dd b6o rlQng li mQtcu6c chidn tranh Y Thrlc HQ dd bing nd. Cfui ngtria COngSdn kh6ng bao gid ch6'p nh{n tdn t4i song song ho4c cQngtdn vdi Lf trldng Qudc gia. M4c dAu Mat TrQn Qudc DAnDing dd ch6'p nhQn Chfi nghla Ddn t6c Sinh t6n ldmkimchi

s0* IIIANH-LAP V,t PntUT PdU

Nam, nhrrng mQt sdlanh tq tri thrlc t0n tidn cria M{t Tr{n nhuNguy6n-Tr1dng-Tam, Nguy6n-Trldng-Long ching h-4n, lai

'chTc cdn {p n !'firdng kdt hgp Chri nghia Din chri ftidu Tam\Oan; vdi Chri ngtria Ph6t Xit, dQc tdi Gidu CQng S6n) n6n

vdn kh6ng chri trong xem CQng S6n ViQt Minh li k6 tht nhrrThUc ddn Ph6p. Cdn Vfl-H6ng-Khanh thi v5n cdn vdi lQp

lnAn doin-kdt chdng xim ldng theo kidu Li6n Nga Dung

\qng cria TOn-VIn b6n Tdu...

Sau khi nhQn drroc sg cdng hidn qu6 ddy dri cia H6-Chi-Minh, Ti6u-Vhn, LrI-H6n...cfing sinhra ti€u ctlc, mudn bu6ngxu6i cho xong viQc dd hdng kidm th6m ldi l6c...n6n dd qu€nhdt moi chi thi vd moi su thfc duc cria Tritng Kh6nh tim c6chdd phfi dU, 6p buOc Vfl-H6ng-Khanh, Nguy6n-Trrdng-Tamvd Nguy6n-Hii-ThAn tham gia vio Chinh phti Li6n HiQpQudc CQng.

T4i Srl qu6n Trung Hoa D6n Qudc 6 HA NQi vdo ngdy24-02-1946, c6 srrchrlng kidn cria Ti6u-v[n, Chinh pht Li6nhiQp gifia Qudc COng cria nrJdc ViQt Nam drroc thdnh hinh'BQ quan trong nhdt ddi vdi tinh hinh hic cl6 le Noi Vg drrgcgiao cho Cu Hu!'nh-Thric-Kh6ng, mQt ngudi dttoc xem ldTrung lflp, kh6ng Ding phr{i. Nguy6n-Trldng-Tam gifr chrlcBQ tnrdng Ngoai Giao. V[-Hdng-Khanh ldm Ph6 Chti tichQudn sUty vi6n hQi, V6-Nguy6n-Gi6p le Chfi tich. Nguy6n-Hii-ThAn gitr chrlc vu Ph6 Chri tich Chinh phti Li6n hiQp

Qudc cong. H6-Chi-Minh ld Chri tich. C6c BQ kh6c cdn laiddu do CQng Sin ViQt Minh hoac tri4 hinh vdi danh xrrngDing Din Chfi ndm gi[.

Srr hidu bidt cfia Cu Hulnh-Thric-Khr{ng vd nhf,ng thfidoan, mrJu m6 gian manh, xio quyOt cria CQng S6nViQt Namrdt la mi md. Trddc ndm 1945, Cq Hu!'nh-Thric-Kh6ng dd

DA!-vrET ordc-oAH-oAruc *sl

nhidu lAn h6n lac tnlc tidp holc gir{n tidp vdi Truong-Tfi-Anh; thAn sinh cria Tnldng-Tfi-Anh ti Cu Tnrdng-BQi-Hodngc6 g5p phdn vio td b6o Tidng Ddn cria Cu Huj,nh-Thfc-KhSng 6 Hud vd ld tro bfr. Cu Hulnh-Thric-Kh6ng kh6ngphii ln d6ng vi€n Dai ViQt Qudc DOn Ding.

Ngdy 27 thl,ng5 n6m 1946, H6-Chi-Minh l6n rhrdng ditham dr.f HQi nghi Paris, Cu Hu!'nh-Thric-Khr{ng tld dUQc ctlXtr 1), Thrrdng vu Chfi tich Chinh phfi, trong hic ti6n ch6nHd-Chi-Minh ra phi rn/dng, rrdi mrra nhudd, Cu Huj,nh-Thric-Khi{ng cldn xin H6-Chi-Minh chi thi cudi cing, H6-Chi-Minhvidt vdo td gi6'y md'y chfr Nho: "Di b6't bidn, Unq van bidn,'..Cu Hu!'nh-Thric-Khiing dec fef ve q-uay iA, g,erg .h" -"Jngrrdi cDng nghe. Ngrrdi ta v6n phdn vdn kh6ng bidt CUHuj,nh-Thric-Khdng tin cili gi ld di6u bdt bidn trong giai doanlich sfr 6'y !?...DQc lQp, Dai Doin kdt hay ln CQng S6n Chringhla. ?!! Nhi6u vi tric Nho cflng phdi hft hoi vi sUkiQn 6ne

-Nghd Xrl Quing dang binh gidng chfr Nho vi tridt lf cfia m6tvi6n Girlo ldng.

Thdrdi srlm6nh "UngVan Bidn" d6 ddn vdi Cu Hu)'nh-Thric-Khdng. V6-Nguy6n-Gidp dd nguy tao n6n vu 0n NhrrHAu. Trg sd c6ng khai cria M4t Tr{n Qudc Ddn Dring li dTnrdng Tidu hoc D6-Htru-Vi Ha NOi. Ng6i biQr ttrg sd9 ctrldng\6n-Nhu-HAu Hh NOi ld V[n ohdng l#n lac r i6n Tinh RQr,/Mien' Pang. Ng6i biQt thrrniy c6 vddn r6ng ldn, rnldc d6 li do qudn dQi Nh{t rdi qu6nTiu phD h6n tap chidm ddng, mQt sd linh Tdu phD chdt vitrfng thuc, chdt vi phD thring...ddu drrqc dem vDi dflp trongkhu vudn r6ng ndy. Tdi ngdy t2-07-t946. V6-Nguy6n-Giripha lQnh gi6i nghi6m, cho Cdng an CQng Sin chd m6t sdx6cv6 thira nhdn 6 nhi thuong Bach Mai, phfi DoIn dem vrltth€m vho trong khuOn vi6n rdi gi6 vd cho C6ng an ddn kh6m

s2* TTIAIfiT-r4\p v,r pntu.mlrl

x6t. Bf khi6u khich, hai b€n nd sring bdn l6n nhau, cudi cDngC0ng an CQng Sin trdn vdo drrgc khiOng ra nhfrng hdm tliHQu da d6ng s6'n, trong d6 c6 kd hoach cria M[t TrQn QudcD0n Ding l4t dd Chinh phri Hd-Chi-Minh. Theo kd hoachniy, M[t TrQn Qudc Ddn D6ng sE sit dung h/c ltlgng v5 trangtinh nhuQ d6nh thdc lta CQng Sin ra ngoai thdnh, b6t giflhdtnhflng l1nh tu COng Sin r6i tuy6n bd <trfng ra ild bang giaovdi Phdp vi c6c mldc D6ng minh, Anh,M!, Trung Hoa DAn

Qudc. Cdc xdc chdt trong khu vudn hoang cf,ng drtoc khaiquft 16n,ldp c[, tdp mdi. Nhrrng dAn chring kh6ng hd c6 ai

' ddnthila nhQn. NQi vU aluqcv6-Nguy6n-Gi6p vE vdi cho th6m.- kinh tdm, vi trinh 16n Cg Huynh-Thric-Khring BQ trudng NQi

'vu Xfr ly Chfi tich Chinh phri. Cu Huj'nh-Thric-Kh6ng tintheo V6-Nguy6n-Gi6p cho rXng: ViQt Nam Qudc Ddn Ddngde 10p Hdc Didm t4i 0n NhdHAu, chinh tU tay Cq Huj'nh-

/ Thric-Kh6ng nhin danh BO tnrdng NOi vu XfI ly Chri tlch\ Chinh phfi ky lQnh kdt tOi vi triQt ha ViQt Nam Qudc DAn

\oang.Bin chdtVU-Hdng-Khanhld quen vdi nhfrng srJviQc don

giin. LQi dgng nhtrng tinh khi 6'y, H6-Chi-Minh dd sdp xdpvd ddnVfl-Hdng-Khanh vdo thdphii cing vdi y kf vio HiQptlinh Sd bO 06-03-1946 chdp nhQn cho qudn dQi Phdp dd b0l6n t6i chidm Mi6n Bic.

QuAn dOi Ph6p dd tlrrgc TEp dohn ViQt Minh CQng S6ncta Hd-Chi-Minh V6-Nguy6n-Girip quy lqy d6n nJdc trin10n chidm d6ng midn B6c nrldc Vi0t Nam. Khi qudn Ph6p tl6trdn 16n r6i, VO-NguyCn-Gi6p, H6-Chi-Minh lai van xin ddiluQc qudn dQi Ph6p tidp srlc md tidn d6nh ph6 cdc Chidn khuctia M{tTrfln Qudc Ddn Df,ng vi nhfrng cdn cf , ddn lfly criaQudc Ddn Qudn.

oAruEJ oudc-oAu.sAlc *s3

Trong ltlc {y thi VU-ftdng-Khanh vi m6t sd thdn tin cingnhau k6o theo qudn Tdu trd v6 Tau. Doc theo drrdng nit tU \Ha NQi l6n Lio Kai, nhfrng ndi c6 Qudc DAn eudn tr{n giit ivd Chidn khu Qudc Ddn Ding, Vu-Hdng-Khatt d_dq_l6r pu_dn )lt"o rurg fuu. Oo aO tnfc trJc cfia eu6c DAn eu6n bi giim (;riffi Mdt TrQn eud" oan o6ng ri[nar)rE ddn.

Trudc thdc rrang d6, Tnlong-Tfi-Anh ddn moi nd lttc ddhoin thdnh m6tTrung tAm Chinh tri 6 Hei ngoai vi cring cdlai c6c Chidn hu. lU cl6 Truong-Tfr-Anh cing vdi 86 Thammrtu tr{c tidp l1nh Oao Quac ban Ding-k}gge_qgjgjbe4_dg_::lE - Hils-lq$-vl Nsrver In,g-lE *,-

Ding vi6n drtoc khuydn c5o ld n6n sfr dung danh xr/ngvXn tdt ld Qudc Ddn Ding hodc Dai Vi6t, cbn Vi€t eudc ldrlanh xung nit ggn cria Vi6t Nam Qudc D6n Ddng. C0ng tr}dy tren Mi6n BXc chi c5 @laDaiJ/i$rvd Vi .6t Qudc mn thdi.

Sau vU Vf,-HdngKhaq9q!-r@!sldE Ali nghi vdi Ding fru,0-ri[fnrong-Tr?-Anh ld

"C, r,td,lrgHiQu k! cria Trudng Luc Qudn Y€n B6i tim Ding k) (Ndnd6, vdng xanh, sao trdng c6 c6rc tia tr6ng tilng6i sao chay ragidng nhtl ciic tia tr6ng trong Qudc k! ctia nrrdc Anh), cdnDing k! ctia Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding s6 trd rhhnh eudc k).

Ha tudn thiing 12 nlm 1946, Tr[ong-Tfr-Anh chri trgnglo viQc .frng .d tal .t idn Akhu-Dzi-1inh, Thanh H6a. Thdi gian niy nhi6u ldn Tnrdng-Tfi-Anh rh6n hinh vd t4n chidn khu Trigu r6i lai tr6l6n HdnQi dd d6n ddc viQc tidp vdn vio Dzi-linh.

s1 * THAIfit-t*{p v,t pruu.lP6tl

Ndm 1947, trong khi chd dqi tin trlc cfia Ding TnldngTnIdng-TfI-Anh..., Ding vi6nkhdp noi ldn lrrgt quy tu vd HdNOi, Bac si D{ng-V[-L1c phii clfng ra di6u hQp vd qui{nxuydn mgi Ding vu. Clinique Henry Copin 92 Gambetta(Hing C6) cfia B6c si Dang-Vfr-L4c dd bidn thdnh noi tq hQi

cria hlng ngfl Ding vi6n E4i ViQt. B6c sT Ngy6n Einh-LuyQn,B ric si D{ng-V?i n-Sung, B 6c sl Phan-Huy-Qudt, Tidn sT D {ng-Trinh-Ky, t dn-t*ng-Dung, Vf,-Quli-M6o, BDi-Di6m, Phan-VIn-ChAm (Chdm Phg), Cung-Dinh-Qu!, TrAn-Nhtl-Thudn,Dio-Nh{t-Tidn, Nguy6n-Tdt-lJ ng, Nguy6n-H[u-Tri,Nguy6n-Dinh-Tai v.v...dAn ddn ddu quy tu vd duoc tai DrtdngOJUng Henry Copin. Thdi bdy gid B6c Si Nguy6n-Dinh-LuyQnbi danh Qudn-Binh dudc xem nhrl chiu trdch nhiem Xrl b0B6c ViQt. Trong ltic dy Pham-cinh-Hoin (trfc Hy-T6ng trlcPh4m-Khii-Hoin) vd c6c ding viOn khiic cflng thudng vudtqua 14i bi€n gidi Hoa ViQt dd cho qudc nQi bidt ld: MQt Trungta* inint ttimdi cfia Vi6t Nam dd hinh thenh tai Hdng KOng'CrJu Hodng Bio-D4i dd co m{t tai Hdng K6ng cirng mQt sdnhAn vflt htru danh dd giao tidp v6i cdccrrdng qudc. Nfr d6ngchi D4ng-Thi-Khi6m (chi Ci T6; cung tt Hdnh ThiQn (NamDinh) 16n 6 14i Ha NOi dd phq girip Brdc sl D{ng-Vf,-Lactrong moi c6ng viQc. ea J4T0-&-9+ ru01-qfia-E4c-SrPgg-

C.Gioidognsounom 1946

vu-iac, clQag- ta -9!g-_-C-4 NSUyqr{g-T6- cnng-!o. vdiftrd-f+ryig Nguy6n-Thd-Song' Ba Ce chi sinh drrQc

rnQt rgrrdi con trai duy nhdt lh Nguy6n-N[ng-Ha, ngrldi contrai cflng chi sinh drroc mQt ngudr!9n€444 vQ cria Tnrdqg-

Jil-rbteq(trfc DAn bid-u Truglqg:-vrn-Nguv6n. bdo dQ cfiabang lrff0ry h). Trong thdi Ph6p thuQc, BdCit clnuOi ArrOng mQt ngrrdi ch6u' con cfia m6t ngUdi em g6it€n li Nguy6n-Thd-Oqc. Nhf,ng ndm cudi cria thfp ni6n 30,Nguy6n-Thd-Ouc til Nga v6, dau ydu, bQnh hoan." Ba Ce

DAr -tlE-T orfc- oAH -oAru c *55

thrlong tinh con chdu dem vd chdm s6c, nu0i ndng. Ddng thdiDalg-Xudn-Iftu (Trudng-Chinh) c{ing bi dudi hsc v_Q $,Adi.lang thang qQn da gidi thieu cho g : TU d6 Tnldng-Chinh trd thdnh Eing vi6n C6ng Sin. Bi Ci cdn 1o viQc vocon vd thim nu6i Tnldng-Chinh trong nhtrng ldn bi Ph6p b{tgiam 6 nhi lao H6a Ld Ha NQi. Sau ndy Bi md cfra hingUuOn 6Q!Au!c-6 g4rtgl, Trudng-Chinh d6 lgi dsng ndi ndy -Od tam dia didm h6n lac cria CQng SAn. Bi Ce Td Dang-Thi-Khi6m dA duqc Dang-Vf,-Tnl gidi thiQu gia nhQp Dai ViQtQudc Ddn Ding . Ddn nlm 1948, B6c si Ding-VE-Lac tiltrAn, tronq chric thrl B6c si-P4ng-Vf,-L4c giao quydn quintri, didu hdnh.Clinique Henry Copl! !(. nhl1hr{ongPEgg-V[-Lac.ho Bn Darg-Tht-fhier. C6c cdcdu cria Ding v5nthrldng quen 1i6n l4c vd vdi B5c si D{ng-V[-L4c t4i nhdthudng cflng dAn ddn quen vdi ntrttdng chi Dang-Thi-Khi0m.TUd6 nhi thuong Ddng-V[-LAc lai tidp tgc li ndi tU hQi criaDai ViQt Qudc DAn Ddng. Thdi gian nly, Xrlb0 Bdc ViQt 1oviQc 1i6n lac dd quy tq lai tdt cri ding vi6n dE lu.r 14c, ch4ylo4n khdp c6c ndi vi crru mang, dn dinh rldi sdng. Ddng c0ngph6t tridn v6 td chrlc lan ra kh6p c6c ving Ldng, X6, Th6n,X6m mh CQng S6n ViQt Minh da b6 nit ch4y.

C6c XrlbO cria Ding cfing dAn dAn dn clfnh 14i, c6c il6ngvi6n ltn"r l4c dd quy tU vd vi ldp Ding vi6n tr6 cflng dUoc chiax6 cl6m ilang D6ng vu d cdp cao.

Xf bO Bdc ViQt lu,c dy drlng tldu b6i c6c ding vi6n:x Bi D4ng-Thf-Khi6m (Chi Ce Td) -* B6c si D4ng-VIn-Sung --* B6c si Nguy6n-Dinh-LuyQn (Qu6n-Binh) ---* Dd-Long trlc Nguy6n-Qudc-Xring li mQt Sinh viOn cria

Trddng Lgc QudnYCn Br{i b5t ttAu tlt/gc giao nhiQm vu trongXrlb0.

s6* TnAlfi-r*,\p vA pntu-rprer'l

Xrt B0 Trung ViQt:* B6c si Buu-HiQp* K! strHn-Thfc-Ky* Dodn Thdi ryiet)* Drlong ThiQu Dix Nguy6n-vf,n-M6n (Tri Mdn)* Nguy6n vdn Lfx V6-L6ngx Bdo-Trongx V6-Ldong* Hoing-Xudn-Tffu

Xf b0 Nam ViQt* K! srlPhan-Th6ng-Thio (tr1c ddng chi L0-Qudc-Hung)

dd thay thdMudi-Hudng.x L6-vln-HiQp (Gia HiQp)x Pham-Ddng-Cinh (Biy Cinh)* TrAn-V[n-XuAnx Nguy6n-Vdn-Kidu (Sr{u Kidu).

Ddn ndm 1950, mOt HQi nghl quan trong drrQc td chri'ctai Clinique Edng V[ Lac Hn nOi. U6i xrtbO cfiba d4i biduvd Or,r HOi nghi Trung L/ong Ding BQ, ngodi ra cdn c6 cdccl6ng vi6n cao cdp htru c6ng cflng drloc tham dunhrlNguy6nT6n Hoin. HOi nghi c6 hai chri dich:

- DuyQt lai, th6ng qua D6ng quy vd c6c didu lQ cho phihgp vdi hiQn tinh.

- Thdnh lQp c6c co cdu lSnh clao Trung L/ong gdm c6:1. HOi Ddng Trung r/dng Ding B0. M6i xrl b0 cfi ba d4i

bidu ( 3 x 3 = 9) cDng cdc dingviCn cao cdp hitu c6ng.2. HOi d6ng Chri tfch: QuAn-Binh (Bfc), Doin Thiii

(Trung), Nguy6n TOn Hodn (Nam).3. HOi d6ng Girim s6t: Nguy6n-Tidn-Hf (BXc), Nguy6n-

DAru E-T oudc-oAn.oAl c *s7

vf,n-MAn (Trung), L6 Van Hi6p (Nam).Cdc X(r Tnl6ng: BXc: Bd Ce Td (Chi Ce), Trung: Hd-

Thric-Ky, Nam: Phan Th6ng-Th6o.

Vd sau Nguy6n-T6n-Hodn dudc xem nhrr li phdi hdp\vi6n gif,a ba XrlbQ cflng ti6'thErihPliftTfg6n tidn cfa Deng.---

Nhfrng nam dAu thdp ni6n 50, Trung ddng Ddng b0 hqpdi d6ng ludn phi6n, khi thi He NOi, khi thi Sii Gdn, sU didQng ndy dd tao ra srl hda hdp gifra ciic Xrl bQ nhidu hon.Thdi ky ndy c0ng li hic md c6c ldc lrrong ngoai vi cfia D6ngnhrr Thanh ni6n 86o qudc, Phong trdo eudc gia Binh d6nph6t tridn vd hoar dQng manh me tr€n todn l5nh thd tilNamQuan ddn Cd Mau. Do d5 sinh hoat cfia Trung r/ong Ddng bQrdt cl6u clin. Gifra c6cXfib6 Nam, B{c, Trung, ngohi nhfrngphi6n hop dinh k!' cdn c6 nhidu sU rrdc tidp H€n h6 vdi nhautrong D6ng vU, tilng Phdi dodn, rirng Doin Cr{n bQ di lai, traoadi gira Sii Gdn, Hud, Ha NQi rdt thudng xuy6n.

58* TtTANH-r,.\p vn prurupdu

il. xu B0 TRUNG VIET

Xr1 bO Trung Viet do B6c sI BtIu-HiQp tim Xrl Tnrdng,v6 sau c6 th6m K! srlHd-Thtic-Kf phtl t6.

Thdi k! thinh lap Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ddng thi thdnhptrdHudv6n cdn li Kinh d6 cria nhd Nguy6n Nam ftidu, ndihOi ngO cfia nhfing nhAn vQt ndi danh tr6n khdp nrrdc. \a vayt gng ta- lim viQc ciacl,ccdp 16nh d4o XrlbQ chri trgng ddnkhu vrrc thinh phd Hud. Nhfrng n[m ddu cd sd Ddng phrittridn rdt m4nh trong thdnh phdnhdt li trong hdng ngfi hodngtQc. Bdc si Brru-HiQp 14i c6 ngrldi em ruQt ld Gi6o sU BfIu-Vi€m (Cfr nhdn Luflt khoa, Ph6p) mQt Ding vi6n r6't thaoItrQc vi nlng clQng, Ding Tnrdng Tnrong-Tfi-Anh rdt chti f .

Thdi gian dy nh6m COngEn Uei Tridu Nguy6n-Kho nvh Td-Hfu cflng it6n[ cfirlc khoe truong thanh thd, Gido str

Effirmem le mQt nhi tri thrlc di manh dan c6ng khai tl6 phrlchri nghia COng Sin vd bE nhSm COng Sin 'E Hud. T4i cricTnldng Trung hoc 16n vi trong cr4c HQi dodn VIn h6a, Gi6ostr Brru-Vi0m dd nhidu ldn ldm cho phe nhSm CQng Sin 6Hudphii chiu chdt lf .

Nhd chi sIPhan-BOi-ChAu bi thr,tc d6n Ph6p quin thric 6Hud, cu Hulnh-Thtic-Kh6ng cfing vd xudt bin b6o TidngDAn t4i ddy, n6n cu Tnrdng-BQi-Hodng (ThAn sinh cria EingTnrdng Tnlong-Tf1-Anh) tld nhi6u ldn gh6 14i d nhidu ngdydd hQi kidn vi dlLm d4o chinh tinh vdi c6c nhd Ci{ch mangl5o thdnh vd t[ng crrdng stlc hoat dQng cho Xrl riy Trung ViQt.

Dfl-uE-T ondc-oAu-oAnc *s9

Ddng Trddng Trudng-Tfl-Anh cflng nhidu lAn ph6i Bdc siNguy6n-Tidn-Hf vio phdi hdp vdi Bilc si Bfru-HiQp trongDing vu. Nhfing Chi b0 co sd duoc thdnh lQp khSp ndi do srrdim tri{ch cia c6,.c ding vi6n: Nguy6n-Khoa-Trang, Dohn-Th6i (ViC t), B 6 o -Tron g, Trdn-Thudng, V6 -L[n g, B rhr-H!', V6 -Ludng, T6n-Thdt-Td, Dudng-ThiQu-Div.v... C6ng viQc ph6rtridn Ding d Qu6ng Tri, Quing Binh dtroc giao ph5 cho ciicding vi6n: Nguy6n-Vdn-Mdn (Tri Mdn) Hodng-Xudn-Tfru, /Nguy6n-Vin-Khiinh vd Tnldng -Xudn-Phong (Nam Ngai)

,a3A. CAC TINH.BO PHIA BAC

Ha biin ni6n 1945, Br{c siBiru-Hiep vd c6c cdp l6nh daoxrl 86 dd th6n hdnh ra Qudng Trl dd tidp xric vd rhlnh ldpn6n cd cdu td chri'c cria M4tTr{n Qudc Ddn Ding d c6c TinhQu6ng Binh Quing-Tri, thinh phAn Ban Chdp Hdnh g6mc6:

- Cu Ph5 B6ng LO-NguyOn-LuQng (Xudn Thinh, TriQuPhong)

- Tri Tai Nguy6n-V[n-MAn (E4i LQc, TriQu Phong)- Cu Hoing-Trong-ThuAn (Thdn sinh cria Trung tddng---/

Hoing-Xu0n-Ldm) '/'- Y sl Nguy6n-Vdn-Niem @udng LQc, Tri6u Phong)- Ldnh binh Duong-\6n-Long (Dddng LQc, Tri6u Phong)

Try sd cria D6ng bQ rluoc dar rai nhd 6ng Nguy6n-V[n-Kh6nh thu6c Ldng Drlong LQc TriQu Phong, chinh ndi it0ydd {nhinh tdi li6u, truydn don v}r td chri'c h/c luong v6 trangquy tU Thanh ni6n ci{c Ldng DUong LQc, Dai LQc, Dudng LQv.v...do ba (3) v6 si ld Thdy MAu, ThAy Vinh, Thdy Nhi6u(ngtldi Qu6ng Binh) lo vi€c hu6'n luyQn...Ngiy ming 3 Tdtnd,m 1946, toin thd D6ng bO da hgp rai nhd Cu ph6 B6ng

60* TTIANII{,AP V,f PfftU'T Pffil

LO-NguyCn-LrIQng dd phdn c6ng t6c thdnh lQp Chidn khu taiLing DUdng LQc, (TriQu Phong). Thdi gian ndy Trung.fdngDing bO d Ha NQi c6 tlng cudng vio hai C6n bQ dd sinhhoat, hrrdng d6n vd tinh hinh quAn sr.r vi chinh tri ld cdc 6ng:TrAn-Nguy€n-Khanh (LuQt su) vi Hodng-v[n-Bdch. Nlm1951 c6d6ng vi€n L6-Dric-C6ng nguy€n ld mQt Cai Tdng 6TriQu-Phong, vi qu6 hdng say ho4t dQng dd lhm phrrong haiddn CQng sin ViQt Minh n6n dd bi CQng sin ViQt Minh 6ms6t gAn nhd thd Tri Buu.

Tinh b0 Thta Thi€n, Hud do Nguy6n-Khoa-Trang,Nguy6 n-Hfru-Ki6m, B uu-Hi, TOn-Thdt-Td phu trilch. D 6 ngbO Thila Thi6n, Hudcfing il6 thdnh lQp drtoc Chidn khu VdnX6 thuQc HUong Trd.

Th6ng 3 n6m 1946, Trung-tJong D6ng B0 6 Ha nQi c6t[ng cudng cho HudmQt sdbinh si vi siquan cfia Binh-clodnLac TriQu nhhm mgc dich td chrlc di{nh fp Trung-BQ-phfi cfiaViQt Minh. Nhrrng vi mQt vii binh-si thuoc h.rc hrgng b6o vQ

cta ViQt Minh tl6 quri vui mUng n6n v6 tinh tidt l0 bi mQt. Dod6 kh6ng thd thgc hiQn drrQc kd hoach ndy. Luc luong criaBinh Dodn L4c TriQu ph6i rft vd Thanh-H6a'

Ddn cudi n[m 1946; sUddi kh6ng giira DaiViQt vi COngS6n 6 dddO Hudrdt mdnh liQt, uy tin cria Gi6o srrBfiu-Vi6m16n rdt cao, n6n Chinh quydn COng Sin dd phii bdt giam

.- *' Gi6o suBrru-Vi6m trong nhh tt 6 Bdn Hdi (NghQ An).

Thdi gian bi giam gi[, Gii{o srr Bfiu-Vi0m dd td chrlcdrrgc nhi6u Chi b0 6 ngay trong tU. C6c Chi bQ nhy hoat d6ngrdt hfru hiQu .... Vd sau Gi6o srJBfru-Vi6m da phdi hQp cingv6 sI Kim-Anh gidt c6c t6n linh g6c vd trdn thodt tlrrgc. Nhtrngsau nhy COng Sin cfing tim thi moi cdch dd s6t h4i Girio srr

ofl-uETotfc-oAru-sAuc *6rBiru-Vi€m cing vd sl Kim-Anh rai D6 Luong (NghO An)vd,o ,../nam 1948. MQ phdn cria Gi6o srr Bfru-Vi6m cl6 dtroc nh6nd6n b6o vQ vd chdm s5c r6't chu diio hing ngdy.

Gi6o suNguy6n-Trung-Thuydt ld ban d6ng nghiQp cfiagi6o srl Btru-Vi€m day rai rnrdng Trung-hoc Khdi-Dinh, dddrldc Xf'-Trudng Brru HiQp giao nhidu rrong tr6ch nha't latrong ldnh vuc vdn h6a gi6o duc. Gii{o suThuydt cl6 bi CQngs6n bit vio thilng 11 ndm 1946 dem ra giam gitrd Li6n khuIV vi dd chdt t4i d6.

Ding vi€n T6n-TtrdrfAn Eong nhtrng ndm t945-t946dd ho4t dQng r6't hdng say, thr/dng td chrlc nhfng budi tuy€ntruydn vd chfi nghia Ddn T6c Sinh Tdn tai khr{ch san TamTinh (Hud). TOn-Th6't-TAn ctd bi CQng s6n bdt nrm 1946, ' .dua di giam gitr 6 mid.n BXc ctdn ndm 1979 mdi drroc tha;il

Trddc tinh trang QuAn dQi Phr{p t6i chidm Hud, Xrl bOdd Chra mQt sd d6ng vi€n c6 khi ndng qu6n sd, rinh biio rathinh lQp vd lSnh clao c6c luc lugng v6 rrang nhhm c6n brldctidn cria QuAn dQi Ph6p. Cr{c ding vi6n niy da ep drloc nhi6u .,chidn c6ng hidn hi{ch nhutr6n dr{nh qu6n ph6p tr6n qudc lO )sd 9. , ',/

Ddn thr{ng 5 ndm 1947,86c sl Bfru-Hi€p rham gia HQid6ng Ch6'p-chdnh. HQi ddng niy hic mdi thinh lQp g6m cOba ngudi ld: Bdc si BtIu-HiQp, 6ng TrAn-vdn-Lf , 6ng L6-Si-Ng?c, sau c6 th6m 6ng Dinh-H[u-Uy6n. TUkhi c6 cdc hoatd6ng cfia HQi d6ng, ddng vi€n d6 quy ru vd hQi hgp hon. Thitrl gia cfia Bdc si Bfru-Hi6p ld ndi tU hqp Od lo d6ng vu criacdc d,6ngvie n cao cdp trong xr1BQ.

n6t dAu tU cudi ndm 1947 ,Xr1 riy Trung ViQt d Uudkh6ng

62* TTIANH-TAP VA PI1ATTIPEN

cbn 1i6n l4c drrQc vdi Trung Udng Ding bQ nfra, c6c l6nh tu tilV[-Hdng-Khanh, Nghi€m-fd-fd ddn Nguy6n-Trldng-Tam"'ddu d6 sang Thu. B6c si Bfru-Hiep quy tq hdu hdt Ding vi6ntU Quing Binh, Qu6ng Trl trd vdo vd tr) Quing Nam, DdNEng trd ra vi dat dudi quy6n didu dQng ruc ddp cria Xr1

,. trudng Trung ViQt. Tidp tuc vdi danh nghia M4t Tr{n.Qudct oan oang, gac sr Brru-HiQp cfing kdt hQp dtlQc mQt sdDf,ng) vi6n c[ cria Vi€t Nam Qudc Ddn Ding nhd c6c 6ng: Phan-' Quang-B dng, Nguy6n-Qudc-Tr1, Nguy 6n-Lrrdng, Vinh-Tho,rc-ffrru-ffrii. B6c si Brru HiQp cfing tei trd vi cho xudt b6ntudn b6o S6ng Mdi do Phan-Quang-Bdng chiu tr6ch nhiQmvd ty tfru4t, ddng thdi Xrl b0 TrungViQt cdn c6 td nguyQt san"Xe HOi" vd Hd-Thric-Kf c6 ph6t hdnh nQi san Sinh T6n'

Trong cuQc vfn dQng cho gi6i ph6p B6o-Dai, ba TU-Cung (Me Bio-Dai) nhi6u lAn chinh thrlc biy t6 sU ri anLdnh tu Trudng-Trl-Anh vi Dai ViQt Qudc DAn Ding vdiBfru-HiQp, Hd -Thric-Kf , B 6 o-Trong, Nguy6 n-Vdn-Mdn v6viQc s6p xdp vd hudng d6n B6o-D4i rdi b6 phe CQng Singd-Ctri-Ulrt....ga TU-Cung cfing thrrdng tham kh6o f kidncfia cdc cdp 16nh d4o Ding E tai Hudvh dinh nhi6u uu 6i ddivdi hdng ngfi Ding vi6n Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding'

Nhtrng nim 1946-1947-1948,.giffa hicTrung ddng Dingb0 cria cdc chdnh Ding Qudc gia 6 Ha NQi dd bi ph6n t6n,k6 ch4y sang Tiu, ngudi mai danh dn tich thi Xf bO MidnTrung cria D4iViQt Qudc Din Ddng t4i Hudvdn drlng vf,ngvi li ndi quy tU c6c phAn tfi qudc gia chdng cQng' Drrdng ldiMat TrQn Qudc Ddn Ddng cfia D6ng Tnrdng TnIong-TfI-Anhv5n duoc B6c si Btru-HiQp, Xrl trudng Trung ViQt thrrc thimQt c6ch chinh x6c, uy tin cria Bric sl Brru-HiQp cdng ngdycdng drrgc nAng cao, ngrldi Phr{p ltic ddu thi e sd, nghi ngd,saulai khdm phuc, kinh nd...CQng Sin thi hi6m ky, thi hXn'

DAr-vrET orfc-oAn.oAHc *63

TU nhfrng sg kiQn di 10n dy dd, tao ra cho bi{c Si Brru-HiQplXm k6 ghen gh6t, ganh ti....Vi vdy md B6c si Brru-HiQp da')bi ha s6t ngay tai Kinh dO Hudvdo ngiy 19-1l-CantrbanfJgSOgruu hic ciinh Phuong Hodng bdt dAu rung gid. V6 sau)Ding bQ 6 Hud dd truy rim ra drroc thri pham s6t hai B6c sIBtru-HiQp. Thri pham vd phe nh6m da ddn rQi.

Cudi nam 1954,gifra hic thrrc d6n vd COng sdn cd'u kdtthrrc-hiQn chia c6t Odt n,rOc;Tdc phdm DAn-t6clay Giai-cdpcfia Hing-Nguy6n l4i duQc phd Uidn vd kh6p c6c cd sd criaEing. Tinh thAn ddn r6c dudc khdi CI6ng manh n6n sd cdmhdn thrrc c6ng cl6 bing 16n vi tai cdc xd, Bing M6n, Thn-T6,lb-De d Thila-Thi6n todn ddn dd ddng ldng h4 cd cfia thucddn phap xudng va thrrone d6ns KV pai-Viet e;Om;DEEl6n thay thd. Nhfng khu vdc l6n c6n cfing hrrdng rlng viQctreo cd ndy nhU: khu vrlc ddn crJdo cl6ng vi6n 16o thinh L6-Tidp ldnh dao.

B. CHr s0 oAiro TRUdNG

Do quydt dinh cta hQi nghi Porsdam, Enh rhd Midn TrungVi6t Nam phii chia lim 2, til vI ruydn 16 (De N6'ng) trd viothu6c quy6n cria QuAn d6i Anh Qudc vh til vi tuy 6n 16 trl raMi6n B6c thuOc quydn cria QuAn clQi Trung Hoa Ddn eudclo vi€c tudc khi gidi cria qudn dQi Nhar. Tidp ddn khi eudnd6i Phrip tili chidm, vtng rt vl ruydn 16 rrd vio ddn vi tuydn13 (Ddo Cd) gdm cdc Tinh Qu6ng Nam, Quing NgIi, BinhDinh, Phri YCn lai b6 trdng vh CQng Sin cd drloc mQt vingr6ng ldn dd md l6ng hinh. CQng Sin dat vDng Nam NgdiBinh Phri ld Li6n khu V cria chring, dtng vr/a hia rldng TuyHda dd nu6i sdng cii Li6n khu.

64* TITiNIIdAp vtr pn u-lpdtl

l. lhdi Ki Auy \t Vd Phdt fri6n Crto Chi Bp frng lntdngTich lfry kinh nghiQm ciacdcPhong trioY6u nrrdc chdng

Phr{p tt xa xUa d Phf YCn. Ndm 1925 cqTruong-BQi-Hodng(thAn sinh cfia Ding TrUdngTrUdng-Tfi-Anh) thdnh l{p HtlngNghiQp HOi Xa tai Thi X6 Tuy Hda. Noi d0y dd quy tu vddio t4o n6n hAu hdt cdcnhAn vQt chinh tri vi c6ch m4ng criaTinh Phri YOn.

Ddn ngdy 10-12-1938, D6ng Trudng Tnrdng-Trl-Anhc6ng bd Ctui Ngma Ddn Toc Sinh Tdn t4i Hd Noi cd dO

Thlng Long thi nh6m thanh ni6n ci{ch m?ng Tinh Phri YCnduqc dao tao til Hrrng NghiQp HQi Xe Phf YOn dd quy tunhau lai Od tnrdng fng, chdp nh6n Bin Tuy0n NgOn IO-12-1938 cfia Chri Nghia DAn TOc Sinh Tdn vi dd thdnh lQp n6nBan ldnh Dao cfia td chrlc trong mQt d6m khuya tr6n mQt

c6nh d6ng vSng v6 cria ling M! Th4nh, qu6 hrlong ctia DingTnrdng fnrong-ffi-Anh. Ban Chdp hanh thdi dy gdm c6:Hoing-Kim-Giai (Gi6o hoc), D6-KhuC (tu sen tri thrlc),Nguy6n-Ki6u-Si€u (di6n chri), TnJdng-So4n (n6ng gia),ffuy*r-enn (thddng gra), \6-lhi-Trang (nil sinh Ddng Kh6nh),ud iuu ld vd cfia Pham-Cr/-H[i (em Ph4m-vln-Ddng), Tnldng-Thf-Thinh vd cria Hodng-Kim-Giai' Bd Dang-Thi-Kh6e rdtmtru tri, gan da trong viQc giao 1i6n, kinh tdi. CO Phan-Lan-PhUdng, ngudi Hoa lai Viet da d6c l{c trong viQc li6n 14c tilc6c co i6 a Uidn Nam vdi Ding Tnrdng vi Trung lJong DingbO d He nQi, trong thdi ky quin Thu 6 ViQt Nam. Td chrlc ndydrloc mQnh danh Id Chi BO Ding Trddng Dai ViQt Qudc DinDdng vd dd 1i6n tuc hoat dQng anh dflng dgc theo sudt chi6udii cria lich st? Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Eing'.. Ndm 1942-43,HQi Drrdng (Soci6t6 Sucridre d'Annam) mQt tQp tloin ttlbinPh6p vi Hda Lan mudn binh tnrdng dd khai th6c ving ddngUhngfUV Hda, chringding chidn tnuatvdtOAu loang dd chidmhuu ruOng ttit cria n6ng ddn vd ngdm thidt t6p nhfrng hQ thdng

DAr-uE_T odc-oAu-sAuc *6s

phbng thri quin su, nhflng truc giao th6ng ng6 hAu ddi ptrOvdi tinh hinh chidn sr1c6 thd xiy ra. Lric ndy ., DingTnldng Trddng-Tfi-Anh cd m4t t4i qu6 nhi n6n dd tr{c tidpldnh clao n6ng ddn ch6'ng l4i.

Ng6i Tam Thai ThrIViCn cfia cu Tnldng-B6i-Hoing taildng M! Thanh, nXm tr6n truc giao th6ng, 6 tr6n tlinh rl6icao, nhin vd ttrfp moi ndi, n6n drloc chon ldm tru s6. T4i ndidAy D6ng Trudng TnIdng-TfI-Anh dd tnlc tidp g{p gd cdcDing vi6n vd nhAn ddn trong vtng. Nhd y chi thdn ddn chdnthrlc vi tdi ldnh dao tinh vi, tdnhi, ndn tohn thd n6ng dfln diquydt cirng hdu sdng chdt vdi Thdy C6, Thdy Hai (danh tilmd n6ng ddn dE goi) cria ho... Mdi ddu vi6n c6ng srlvi t€n tr/bin Hugeunoltz toan dtng ti6n bac, danh vong dd mua chu6cnhrlng kh6ng thdnh, chring dhnh ph6i ding bao lrrc tld 6pbrlc.

Chring ra lQnh cho 6 (s6u) Tdng 6 Tuy Hda, m6i Tdngph6i bXt hdng ngin tuAn dinh, v6 si ddoc v6 trang tldn din 6pn6ng d6n dd chring phri hoa miu mi d6p dudng, tr6ng mia.Hdn2 van (20.000) n6ng ddn kh6p ciic ndi ndi trdng mO iodo k6o ra quydt liQt ddu tranh...nhd s{vfn <lQngkh6o 16o cfiaEing vi6n Dai ViQt Qudc Din Ddng, n6n tdt ci c6c tuAndinh, v6 sl ddu lim ngd trUdc srlc ddu tranh ctia nhdn ddn.Erlgc tin niy, vi6n Cdng Srld SOng CAu nhubi mQtnhi{tbriad6nh vio cldu, chring trlc tdc ha lQnh cho vi6n Gi6m binhngrldi Ph6p ld Fouvret dem m6t Dai tlQi linh tinh nhuQ v6trang cldy dri ddn chidm d5ng Tam Thai Thrr ViQn dd phdihgp ctng QuAn dQi cria chting d <lia phuong chidm gifrThnM! vd Ddng Bd lim thdnh mQt khu tam gi6c bao vdy ndngddn...Sd Ding vi6n tl6 xdm nh{p Tda C6ng Sr1 S6ng CAumQt br{o rhng: "Vi6n COng Srl S6ng Cdu dd b6o tin cho Toinquydn D0ng Drrong lh n6ng ddn Phri YCn ndi loan cld xin

66* TTIANH-IAP VA PHATTIPEN

drrdc dan 6p nhrr NghQ An, YOn 86,i..;'Tnrdc tinh thd dy BanLdnh dao quydt dinh ddi chidn thuQt tranh ddu. D6ng Tr:udngTnldng-Tfi-Anh bi nt6t ra thEng Ha NOi, dr{nh diQn sang ParischA't vd'n BO ThuQc Dia, c6c brio chi ddu loan tin vi c6ngkich Chinh phri Ph6p.

Trong hic dy n6ng ddn vdn tidp tuc tranh cldu li6n tuc vdichidn thuQt Chim 56 vd tao thdnh mQt Phong trdo thi duadrinh Tdy, ching han nhu tai ldng Van LQc (X6 Hda M!),nhfrng t6n mfli 16 khi qua d6y phii cho xe chay thQt nhanh,kh6ng ddm di thlm mia m6t minh vi sd n6ng dAn chQn drinhcho udng nrrtlc bin. Didn hinh li 6ng Ng6-CAn md trong dAngian dd c5 ldi ca ngdi:

Ng6-Cdn quA & Van ThOn,Thn Tdy r6ng mia ddo mildng phd bd.Thdng Tdy thdm mfa lo lo,Di cho udng ntdc cd gid mdi tha.

Hodc:Cd ai sdnh cltoc Ng6-Cdn,Bd nhd xdy trai 0 gdn cdy da.Tdy con cho tdi Tdy cha,Qua ddy phdi ldnh ndm ba roi cdY.

Khi HOi Dudng phi{ hoa mdu dd lim drrdng ddn Th6nTAn M!, c6 ngddi din bd (vd 6ng Hrrong-Kidm Ldi) khiOnghdm ra dd c6n gif,a con dr/dng dang lim,cdm dao drlng t6ntr6n n6p hdm (quan Ai) hdt to: "Ndu linh ddn 6p chring t6i ddcho HOi Drrdng phd hriy hoa mdu ruOng ddt cfia <t6ng bio mdldm loi riCng,thi t6i sE gidt chdt vdi ngddi,r6i trr s6t b6 vhohbm niy ..." Tnldc tinh thAn qui cdm cfia nhdn ddn linh tr6ngddu dOng ldng trSc dn,cdt nhuc...

ofl-urET orfc.oAn.sirue *67

NhQn th6'y chidn hloc ctia nhdn d6n ld Tnrdng k}maiphUc, d6'u tranh bdn bi,d6o dai li6n tuc r6't tdn hai cho srltidnhinh kinh doanh cria phe trr bdn,nhdt li 6nh hrrdng chinh tridd lan trdn kh6p ndi; NCn Tda khAm srf Huddinh ra l6nh chobon tr/ bin phii nhrlong bQ,bdi thrtdng hoa loi vd cdp gi6ruQng ddt dring mfc cho n6ng d6n...Dd xoa diu drllu6n, ToaKh6m srl cdn cir hai thanh tra mdt thdm ngrrdi phr{p vio t6nndi dd didu tra...Hdt thiy ci{c vi6n ray sai dd can dJvio viQcdin 6p tr) C6ng srf,Giiim binh, TuAn-v[ ,Tri- phri; ctdn Bang-t6-ddu bi crlch chfc hodc ho6n ddi ddn noi khr{c ...C5 srJrhayddi toan di6n nhuvdy li vi ngudi ph6p mudn thidt lQp mOth6thdng m6t th6m chdt che hdn,cho nen tUdt'y v6 sauhdu hdtciic tr/ gia cria D6ng vi6n Dai-ViCt didu bi bao v6y kh6mx6tNhung,nhflng thinh c6ng cria c6c cu6c ddu tranh de gdynhi6u tin trldng trong dai da sd qudn chring.Do tld hQ thdngtinhb6o nhAn dAn cria Dai-ViQtQudc-Ddn-Dinglai b6n nhaygdp bQi phAn nhtrng t6n mdr th6m phin ddn hai nudc, chon€n hAu hdt ciic D6ng vi6n Dai-Vier da rriinh dtrgc tdt c6nhflng ldn vdy bdt, luc so6t cria cdc hlc luQng cd cdm, m6tthi{m cria Ph6p.

2. Phong-lrdo Biic TidnNdm 1945, do srlchia cdt tilhQi-nghi potsdam, hdn nfra

nhu cdu Eng cudng cho Trung udng Ddng b6,m6t sdD6ngvi6n rru tri tilkhdp ciic ndi drroc lQnh qui tu v6 Ua nQi. Do d6D6ng vi€n cfia Chi b0 Ddng rnrdng dd tranh nhau dd dugc ditao n6n m6t Phong trdo khd s6i ndi ffong n6i bO n6n drrQc goili Phong trio BXc tidn. Til d6 ban chdp hinh ctia Chi b0Ddng tnldng duoc chi'n chinh lai vi bd xung nhidu Dingvi€n mdi...

. Trong thdi gian ndy chi Trudng-Thi-Dinh vo cta dingvi6n Nguy6n-Thanh-Giang dd sfrdung mQr gian nhi ldn trong

68* TttAI'rH-tq\P v,r Pn trmdlt

d6y nhi cfia chi si D5-Cenh (thdn sinh cria ding vi6n D6KhuC) d sdt b6n bdn xe ngrra Tuy Hda dd lfp n6n Tinh HoaThrr Qu6n, m{t ngoii thl b6n s6ch, phSt hdnh brio chi chrit qng nttdt th vd nOng th6n vd dung cu vdn phbng, thgc chdtla mbt tram giao 1i6n nhm tr6n dudng ldu th6ng til B6c vioNam. Tinh Hoa Thrr Qu6n do Cao-S1-Li6u (em ruQt cria dingvi6n Cao-Si-De) hoc sinh dQ Trl ni6n 6 Hud vd Nguy6n-Thi-Dio-Nguy€n em ru6t ctia Nguy6n-Thanh-Giang vi rnQt sdtting vi€n kh6c thudng tnJc cai quin, 1o tidp nh6n tin tfc,s6ch b6o, tdi liQu, dung cu fi Ha NQi gdi vdo...

HAu hdt c6c Ding vi6n tham gia B6c !idn, k6 tnt6c ngrrdisau ddu d,rgc quffi rEfill tlnh Hoa Thrr Qu6n r6i mdi daptiu lfia ho{c xe hoi ra Ha NOi.

SdO6ng vi€n ndy khi vd Trung Udng drlQc giao ph5 gif,nhidu nhi6m vu khdc nhau nhd:

- Nguy6n-Quang-Minh trlc L€-Quang-ThiQn (DQi-ThiQn)dtldc xung vdo ph6i dodn ngoai giao xudt ngoai sang Trung

----Hoa cing vdi Nguy6n-T6n-Hoan :a Pi ngJdn-Sun g'- Hoing-Kim-Giai fidn drrQc cfrgifrchrlc vu Chdu tn/6ng

Cha Pa dd ydm trd cho Tnrdng t-U9.-Q4$/o-Bimdi m6'- p6-fnue gif, chrlc vu Chdu tn/dng 86o Hi.

C6c ddng vi6n tr6 tudi nhu Cao-SI-DQ, Nguy6n-Ki6u-Sinh drrgc dua vio hqc d Tnldng Lgc QuAn Vo Bi' C6c dingvi6n Hu)'nh-Hanh, Lf -Phqng-Nghi, Phan-Dzu, Tnrdng-Tr?-Nghi, Nguy6n-Thanh-Giang, Tnrong-K1i...ddu phuc vu taiTrung rldng Ding b0 6 Ha NQi.

Cudi nam 1946, dd ddn 6p Phong trdo Dai ViQt, COng anCQng Sin 6 Li6n khu V phdi hgp cing CQng Sin d Phri YCnda a; muu b6t c6c vd thri tiOu (ch6n sdng) mQt sdDing vi€n

DAr -u E-T orfc.oAl.oAn o *69

Dai Vi6t 6 Phf YOn ld: Truong-Soan, Hulnh-Anh, Tr[dng_Dung-Quydn, Phan-Dirng, Tnldng-Linh, Huj,nh-Ht, Truong-K17ttl...

TU d6 Ban Ch6'p hdnh Chi bQ Ding Tnrdng ph6i chdnchinh lai, tf,ng crrdng th6m mQt sdO6ng vi6n tr6 vi b6t rldugiai doan b6o mdt dd gi[gin cd sd.

Ddn nfun 1950, srrli6n lac gitra c6c TinhNamNgdi BinhPhri drroc khai th6ng. Td chrlc cfia cu Cfi nh6n Ta-ChrIong-Phing, Gii{o srl Nguy6n-H[u-L6c, Gi6o srr Ta-Chi-Di6p(Nguy6n-Phan-Chdu) d Binh Dfnh vd nh6m Ding vi6n iiQudng Nam, Qudng Ngdi dd li6n lac drroc vdi Chi bO D6ngTnldng . Nhdm Ding vi6n 6 euing Nam, euing Ngdi, phAnd6ng cl6u duoc kdt nap vdo Ding rrong giai doan tgis-qlvdi danh nghia cfia M{r TrQn eudc D6n Ddng. Trong nhEngndm drlt 1i6n lac, sd Ding vi6n t'y vdn trJ dQng c6ng t6c v6idanh xrlng ld Qudc DAn Ding (eDD, Cku-dz6t hay eudnDdi Den), dtrdi ngon cd cria Dai ViQt eudc D6n D6ng vi vdnsuy tOn D6ng TnIdng Tnrong-Tr1-Anh... Vl vQy md danh hi6uChi bO Ddng Tnrdng rhUdng clrroc xf dung trong moi D6ngvU. Td chrlc cfia cu CfI nhdn Ta-Chrrong-phtng, Gi6o srrNguy6n-Hfru-L6c, Gi6o srr Nguy6n-phan-Ch6u (Ta-Chi-Diep) c6 muc dich chdng COng Sin. Trong nhtrng ndmt949-50 ph6t tridn r6't manh m6 d ving Tuy phrfdc, An Nhdn (BinhDinh). Cu Cr?nhdnTh-Chrrong-phing li mQtnhi c6chmang..chdng Phi{p, tnldc nam 1945 thudng li6n lac vdi cg Trdong-

(1). Trudng Ky h.ngudi 6 xE Hda Xuan, d6 tn Ha noi ri6n rqc vd vdi phrr-y6n. BiVier cOng vay b5r rai Mg-Thanh dem vd rhi x5 Tuy-Hda ria knAo, tn"i tna" ,oithrl ti6u. Vdo ngay 04 rhdng 3 ndm Blnh fudt lril+o;, cnng moif,i" "a. OngTruong-Soqn, Phan Ding, Trudng Linh,_HuVnh Rnn, inlonjOUng auydn ddiduqc cdng an ViQt Minh mdi di hgp rdi d5n vd ddu d vr:ng ehuo'c ilau, Lion-trt(Xd Hda Ki6n) va rh0 ri6u cting t4i noi ndy.

70* IHANn-tAp vA Pn trrrPrfil

BQi-Hodng bhng bi sd 20;, cg Tnlong-BQi-Hoing vd cu T4-Chuong-Phing c0ng dd nhi6u ldn girip dd Ng6-Dinh-DiQmtrong nhf,ng nghich crinh kh6 khan. T4-Chi-Di6p (ttfcNguy6n-fnan-Ch6u) li con trai cria cu Ta-Chuong-Phri gqi.U fa-Ctrrong-Phtng bhng chri. Gi6o srr Nguy6n-Hfru-LQcld s6ng lf p vi6n vi li HiQu tnldng Tnrdng Trl thuc Nam Anh(Quu.rg ttrUy, Thi Nai) 6 Binh Einh quy tg cl^6ng clio cdcnta t itnf. cfia 1i6n khu V. Ddn nim 1951, td chrlc chdngCQng 6 Binh Dinh bi COng an CQng Sin ph6t gi6c cltloc,

COng Sin 1i6n khu V tld xfi bdn Gi6o su Nguy6n-HEu-L0cctng vdi Dodn-Drfc-Thoan, V6 -Minh-Vinh..'cu T4 -Chudng-Phtng vi Ta-Chi-DiQp cflng bi kdt6n tfihinh nhrlng kip vudtbidn tdu thoi{t vdo Nam (ving Qudc gia kidm sorit)' C0ng an

CQng Sin 6 PhriYCn ra sfc ling bdt hdu hdt c6c Ding vi6nDai ViQt, Trudng-Tfi-An d6 bi c6ng an 1i6n khu V cria CQng

Sin giam gitrhdn m6tn6m trdi mdi chiu tri ttldo dd vd tidptuc cli hoc lai.

Ta-Chi-DiQp khi tdu tho6t vdo Midn Nam ldy t€n ldNguy6n-Phan-Chiu tidp tgc di day hoc vi tfln tinh gifp ddcho anh em Ng6-Dinh-Nhu vh Ng6-Dinh-DiQm d6ng thdictng vdi nh6m De Tr1 Qudc Td H6-Hfru-Ttrdng drra ra lfthuydtTrung LQp Chd.

Nhf,ng ndm 1954-55, vdi phUong vt ln dai diQn cho ThriTrr6ng Ng6-Dinh-DiQm, Nguy6n-Phan-Ch6u vd Truong-Tfi-en da 96l nhidu c6ng lao trong c6ng cuQc t6i chidm vd binhdinh lai li€n khu V.

Chinh Nguy6n-Phan-Chdu ld ngudi dao di5n cho Th6i-Quang-Hodng, Hoang-Xu6n-Nam, D6-M4u, Nguy6n-Trgng-ftrien...tfrann hp n€n chidn khu D6ng (Phan Rang) dd chdngNguy6n-\trn-Hinh vi fing hQ Ng6-Dinh-DiQm'

DAr -vr E-T ondc- oAu -oAu c *71

Vdi h{u i ld tdi chidm ving Li6n khu V cria COng Sdn,khi mdi vd ntldc, Ng6-Dinh-Diem dd r{tt6n ddng vdi chinhphri ti6n nhi€m vd vi€c ct cg T4-Chrrong-PhDng gifr chrlc vuTinh tnrdng Binh Dinh. Hi6p dinh Gendve lai quy dinh vingQuy Nhdn, Binh Dinh ld ndi 300 ngiy tflp kdt cria Vi€t COng,n6n cu Ta-Chdong-PhDng ph6i rdi Quy Nhdn trd vd Sii Gdn.Trong licdy thi Ng6-Einh-Nhu, Ng6-Dinh-Diemlai drra t€ncu Ta-Chrldng-Phing lim Chri tich Phong trio Ciich mangQudc gia, cu cla kich liQt phdn Adi va nit t€n.

Sau khi nh5m H6-Hf,u-Trrdng vd BQ Tham mUu Chinhtri cria Binh Xuydn bi b{t tron, Nguy6n-Phan-Chdu v6n dn _hiQn d Shi Gdn lo cd v6 cho lf thuydt Trung Lflp Chd, cudicDng bi nlatfg!9_4Ig6-Dinh-Nhu h)ng b_5t-14i drrqc, chat ')ldm 3 khric vrlt xa. ir6n'g 4_U]alrtr-a_rgdltil "q 3tC 1con tiai... -

Cudi nim 1953, Tntclng-Tfr-An (tfc L6-Thi6n-Binh, bhoc10 cria Ddng TrUdng TrUdng-Tfi-Anh) vtldt bidn vdo Nam,li€n lac drroc vdi Xrlb0 Midn Nam vi Trung udng Eing b6.TnIdng-Tfi-An tham gia vio vi6c thinh l{p Phong trdo Dodnkdt gOa binh d6ng thdi vdi sgydm trd cfia Xr1b0 Mi6n Namda phdi hop vdi Nguy6n-D6ng-Xinh (Mrrdi M6n) thinh lQpn6n Binh dohn D6c lQp (Trung NamTrdn) doTn/ong-T&-An(L6-Thi6n-Binh) ldm Chi huy trddng c5 tham gia chidn dichAtlant dd b0 trii chidm li6n khu V.

BXt ddu trY ndm 1954, trong chien dich Atlant, hAu hdtldp thanh niOn, gido sd, hoc sinh nhdt li ciic doin vi6n ctaViQt Sinh Dodn (Vi6t Nam Sinh T6n) mQt td chri'c Ngoai vicfia Ding hoat dQng manh 6 ving Nam Ngdi Binh Phri ddudrroc dua vd sdng tai BO chi huy cria Binh tlodn DQc lQp dNha Trang.

72* TH Al{ruAp vn pruu.rurilt

Sau mOt thdi gian tr{i hu6'n luyQn vd gitip cho vi0c cfrngcd Chinh quydn Qudc gia 6 Khrinh Hda vi Quy Nhon, lrrclugng thanh ni6n ndy da phdi hop cDng Binh doin DQc L{ptrri v6 thdnh lQp Chinh quydn Qudc gia Tinh PhriYCn. Tronqvdng mQt thring tohn thd Lnini qry6n Qudc gia til rfrOn Aixa x6i h6o Linh ddn X6, QuQn, Tinh ddu dd thinh 16p xong.fdt ci nhtrng cd s6, kho tdng, hAm vfr khi cria CQng Sin d6ucho nguy trang, cdt d6'u cdn mdt, kin d6o ddn ddu ctng binhdn ddn phdt gi6c vd khai quQt hdt... Ngodi ra, luc ltlgngniiy cbn thinh lQp drloc toin bQ Ban Gi6o srl cria TnldngTrung Hgc Nguy6n-Hue do Giilo srl Huj'nh-Tb ldm HiQutrtldng, hic ddu Trddng toa lac tai Phri Thr1, Xa Hda Binh,sau ddi vd thi Xi Tuy Hba. Tnldng Nguy6n-HuQ ld mQtTnrdngTrung Hoc c6ng lQp ldn nhdt vd l6u ddi nh6't ctia Tinh PhriYe n. Binh dodn DQc 10p khi v6 pnriYCn c6 thiy l) 7 Dai dOic6 m6t Dai clQi, do Si quan ngudi cfia Gir{o ph6i Cao Ddi chihuy, Dai dOi 1 DOc Ldp trdn gifr tai Thi Xa Tuy Hda ndi c5Tinh DrJdng vd QuQn Dddng Tuy Hba toa lac. Dai dQi 7 DQcLQp ddn tni d M! Thanh trdn gifi cdcXd. Son Thinh, HdaPhong, Hda M!, Hda Thinh, Hda Ddng, Hda Binh. Trongthdi ndy Tnlong-Tfi-An lai vAn ddng m6 thOm drroc mOt TnldngQuAn Chinh 6 Xa UOa Phong do sd b6o vO vd ydm trd ciaciic Si quan vh binh sl cria Dai dQi 7 DQc LAp, Trtldng lo vi6chud'n tuyQn qu6n sU vd chinh tri cho todn thd c6c hlc lugngnh0n ddn v6 trang vd ciic Vi6n chrlc X6, Ap ftong tohn Qufln

, Tuy Hda (Tuy Hda vir Hidu Xuong). MQt sd Sr quan NhQt( aao ngfi vd lA'y vo tai plU]fel S" q,Iqc mdi v€ lo phAn huA'n-lryen qu6n stl, con phdn chinh tri, hdnh chiinh thi do Tinh

Ding B0 Dai ViCt Phf Y€n ddm triich.

M4t TrQn Nh6n Din C6ch Mang Tinh Phri YCn, mQt tdchrlc Ngoai vi cria Dai ViQt cfing clrtoc thdnh lQp do cu Mang-Tdn-C6nh lim Chfi tich, bd Trrrdng-Thi-Thinh Ph5 Chti tich.

ofl -u ET oudc- oAt't -sAt't c *73

Ddn rldu ndm 1955, m6t toiin ddc nhi6m d Tuy Hda, v[trang bhng nhfrng loai sfng ng6n tdi t6n, nguy trang l6n lQn

trong d6m n6ng din E th6n qu6 x6ng thing vdo nhi uy hidpmoi ngtldi vh tim 6m siitTrddng-Tfl-An. Ciic hlc lrtong nh6nclAn v6 trang d xung quanh nhi phrit gi6c rlddc li6n k6o ddnbao vdy vd b6t tron to6n 6p gi6i vd Tuy Hda giao tri lai chochri cfia ho.

BXt dAu tU d6, Tinh D6ng b0 Dai ViQt di vdo viQc thtrchi6n nhfrng kdhoach nhiim cfing cdChidn khu Nguy6n-Hu6dd chdng lai nhfrng dm mUu khring bd vi din rip d'y...

3. Bau Crt fdng ThdngNam 1961, nhin cu6c bAu citTdng Thdng vi Ph6 Tdng

Thdng e-4-lg6l), Chi bQ Ding Trudng Dai ViQt Qudc DdnDing nh{n tht'y cAn khoi dQng trong quAn chring mQt Phongtrho tranh thfi TuDo Ddn Chri, n6n dd quydt dinh ring h0 li6ndanh III (Hoa Sen) do cu H6-NhAt-Tan Tdng Thdng vd cg-Nguy6n-Thd-Truydn Ph5 Tdng Thdng.

Cu HO-Nnflt-Tdn lir m6t nhd c6ch m4ng d Mi6n Nam,nlm 1945 c15 hrrdng din mQt Ph:ii doin ra Bdc c6 tidp kidnD6ng Trddng TnIdng-TfI-Anh; Khi sang Tdu c5 hoat dQngchung vcli phrii dodn cria Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ddng ra h6ingoai nhtl Nguy6n-Quang-Minh, Nguy6n-T6n-Hodn v.v...

Cu Nguy6n-The-Truy6n g.ic ngudi Hinh ThiQn (NamDinh) 116 du hoc t4i Phrip vd hoat dQng ciich m?ng dAu Chdu,chri truong brio ViQt Nam H6n vI chinh cu dd htrdng d6n choH6-Chi-Minh hoat dQng tai Phrip. D6 tr,ra gidi thieu quydn"B6n iin thuc dan Ph6p" md Nguy6n-Ai-qudc li mQt brithiQu cria ci nh6m da chon lua dd chi cho mQt ngudi ViQt-Nam y€u nrrdc dfng ldm tiic gii cria tric phdm do toin thd

74 i? TTIANII{AP VA PHATTTPIiN

rth(rrn tla sdn-s tiic.

Diin-s vi0n DaiVi€t Quoc DCn Diing thu6c Chi b0 D6ngTrLlilng di lanr dai diQn cho li6n danh III doc sudt ciic TinhMiin'fruurg til Quiing Tri, D6ng Hi trd vio Nam. Nhd sutich ctlc r,in c10n-u. cdn cAn di l6ch v0 phia li6n danh III. Tai1'lrri d0 Siri Cirn. nhit biio Tr-I Do khi girli thi6u li6n danh I vdliCrr rllrrh III cla cliing 2btc inh siit b6n nhau, m6t ld Ng6-F)lrrh-Di,^nr ho d)i khin d6ng dfng cing cdc quan lai dangtliCrr kiin IIoing de Bio-Dai. b6n canli d6 ld brlc d'nh cu Hd-\hat-Tan va NgLr1,6n-Quang-Minh rniic Au phuc tr6ng tronl-ro rlarrc nghi0nr trang tr-Iihg niOm trLfdc ni6 cria li6t si Pham-llfrrrg-'fluii i}Hoirrg Hoa Cddng (Quring Chiu, Trung-Qudc).

Vtli I chifc rinh ay th) Ng6-E)nh-DiQm kh6ng cdn ldpliC'rrr dLrt.ic ciri thinh tfch quan lai cd hri...

Khi ciin cCn rei rdt nghiOng v0 phia li6n danh III, thu6chr cinr 6r:-1r Nhu DiCnr ra sfc phii hoai til Quing Tri, D6ngIli de'n QLrin-u Narr, Di N[ng, Binh Einh, Phf Y€n, KhrinhIlira...nrii n)o cung cri srI clung dQ giira li6n danh III vd li6ndarrh I (Chinh quydn Di6m-Thd). Tai Tinh B)nh Dinh QuiNhrln, dai diQn cho li6n danh III li ciic daing vi6n Nguy6n-Ttr-Khoa vi Vo-Dat, c6ng an mAt vu di trrc tidp cldn himdoa r6i du d5 bang tiOn bac khong dugc, lai quay sang rldniip, h[m doa qudn chring nh0't li hing ngfr thanh ni6n, hocsinh... Tai Phri YOn, trong dip cU Nguy6n-Thd-Truydn cli nciichuyQn d Qui-Nhdn c(r gh6 lai thim Cu Tn/dng-B6i-Hoirng.TAp iloin cdn lao da cho h"rc luong v6 trang tdi bao vdy, x6ngvdo nhd dd gi6i tdn cuOc trd chuy6n cria chri vi khdch. Ddntdi lai tdng cUdng hlc lttong v6 trang bao v6y chdt cd rn6tvirng r6ng ldn, b6n hdng tr[m ph6t sring dd thi uy ddn ldng.D6ng thdi cho xe th6ng tin chay doc theo Li6n tinh l0 78phiit loa xuy0n tac vi n6i xdu liOn doanh III.

DAr-vrE-T orfc-oAl -oAn c *7s

Ddn khi ddu phidu loi dung viQc gifi an-ninh cria c6c lrrclrrgng v6 trang, tflp dodn cAn lao dd ding sfng dd buQc ddnqu6 phii b6 phidu cho 1i6n danh I.

Khi kidm phidu thl dua ngrrdi vio dd ghi gian phidu. dQuQn S6ng Cdu m6t gia clinh cfia cU Mang-Tfn-Cdnh dd c6ddn 5 phidu cho 1i6n danh III. Thdmd kdt qui todn Qu6n laikh6ng c6 phidu ndo.

Tai Nha Trang t{p dodn cAn lao cho ngUdi rlQt nh6p viotru sd Dai diQn li6n danh III,E sdnhi 31 dudng H6ng Bdng(x6m mdi) Nha Trang ild crrdp doat danh s6ch vi h6 so crianhfrng ngddi gifr thing phidu cria li6n danh III. Ban d6m thicho ngrldi mac thrldng phuc vdy ch4t itia didm tr€n vi qulngdii vio m6i nhd vang dQi ci khu phd...

T4i Trung udng Sdi Gdn, cu Nguy6n-Thd-fruydn chi tlinh6ng Nghi€m-Xu0n-ThiQn tlai di6n cho li€n danh III, TrungUdng c6 tdng cUdng cho Mi6n Trung 2 cdnbQ ld Phan-Huy-Nh4c vi Nguy6n-Thd-Phong, khi cU Nguy6n-Thd-Truydn ran5i chuyOn 6 Nha Trang c5 5.000 ct?tri tham duvd nhiQt liQtring hQ. d qui Nhdn, Binh Dinh c0ng vQy. Nhdt ld ci{ch thrlctd chrlc va td ldi xdp ddr rdt quy cri, nd ndp dd vrrQt h8n H€ndanh I6 dia phrrong. Phan-Huy-Nhac vi Nguy6n-Thd-Phongc6 tham ducdc cu6c n5i chuyQn cta cu Nguy6n-Thd+ruydn6 Nha Trang vh Qui Nhdn. Trddc khi thdcfia cfitri clang hiohrlng ring hO li€n danh III, tQp doin Cdn Lao nhQn drroc chithi phii bing dri moi cilch chQn drlng Phong trao. NCn khiPhan-Huy-Nhac ra ddn Hudthi 6m mrru {y bdutAu thd hiQn.Phan-Huy-Nhac bi b6t, khring bd vd buQc vidt mQt brlc tdmthrr d[ng tr6n nhdt b6o Cr{ch Mang Qudc Gia vd m6t vai tdb6o khi{c t6 c6o 1i0n danh III li c6 mrtu toan lQp Chidn khuad tni hdnh cht trudng trung lQp....Til nguy6n nhdn dy, sr1gian 16n dd trdngtrdn khdp ndi ndi ild tOn Ng6-Dinh-DiQmtrii gifr chrlc vU Tdng Thdng...

76* IIIANH-LAP v,rPruTmfiil

4. Mqt TrQn D6n Chil Audc Gia Li6n HiQpTil srr tr6o trd, phin bQi cfia 6ng Ng6-Dinh-DiQm trong

vu d6o chinh 11-11-1960 ddn viQc trdng trdn gian 16n trongcuOc bAu cil ndm 1961 vi vu n6m bom dinh DQc Lap 21-2-1962; tinh thAn chdng adi NgO-Oinh-DiQm trong nhdn dAnde tich lfly qu6 cao; cho n6n cu Fl6-Nnat-fan di cDng vdimQt sdchinh khdch Qudc gia chdng cQng hop srlc thdnh l6pn€n mOtM4tTrQn ChinhTri c6 mUc ilich sfidung mqi phuonglrroc dd thrrc thi ddn chri vd doin t<dt qudc gia, drldc mQnhdanh li Mat Tr0n Qudc Gia Ddn Chri Li0n HiQp do cU Hd-Nhat-Ten ldm chri tich, Tn/ong-Tfi-An (L€-Thi6n-Binh) limTdng Thu Kf . Vdn phdng c6ng khai cfia M{t TrQn dit tai nhdthudc T6n Nhon cludng TriQu DA. Chq Ldn. TilhQ thdng crinbO vQn d6ng tranh cft cfia li6n danh III kdt hop vdi 1i6n danhII, M[tTr{n Qudc Gia D0n Chri Li6n Hiep da hoat dQng hfruhiQu kh6p noi. Ddn thring 5 n[m 1962, Nhu-DiOm bdt dAuc6ng khai ddn 6p, khring bdMAt TrQn. Nhi6u cd s6 cria MdtTrQn bi phd vd d Sdi Gbn, Chd Ldn, Long Xuy6n, Nha Trang,Qui Nhon, Di Lat; Tu gia cfia cu Hd-Nhat-Ten bi bao v0ysudt ngdy d6m, tai Nha Trang bao vdy phdng mach B6c sIThach, khdm x6t nhe s6ch Hdng Linh b6t bi Tnrdng-Thi-Thinh. Tai ChQ Ldn bao vdy Tnrdng ViQt Sinh vd Minh Tidnb6t Truong-Thi-Minh-Thrr. Tai Dd Lat b6t Le-Son-Ting tr/Truydn, ba ding vi6n ndy bi giam tai Di Latvf\bin 6n giamgif, sudt ddi, cho ddn sau ngdy cdch m?ng 1-11-63 mdi dugcgi6i tho6t.

5. Mqt TrQn Nhdn Ddn Doon Kdt Cndng CQng linhPh0 YOn

Sau c6ch mAng 01-11-63, CQng S6n 6 Phri YOn lai giatlng 6m s6t nhidu c6n bO vi thuilng dAn vO t6i, crrdp cria, ddtnhi 6 khdp c6c ving qu6...Vj vAy Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn DingTinh bO Phri Y€n phdi hop cing ViQt Nam Phuc Qudc HQi vi

Dfl -vr E-T orfc-oAu -oAu c *77

Vi6t Nam Qudc Ddn D6ng thdnh lQp n€n Mat TrQn Nh0nDAn Dodn Kdt Chdng CQng Tinh Phri YCn dd c6ng khai ramdt tai HOi Tnrdng Di6n Hdng Tuy Hda vlo ngiy 9-5-t964.

MQt Ban Cd vdn Chi dao drroc thhnh lQp g6m c6: Gi6oSrr Cao D di Ngoc-Trudng-Thanh (Nguy6n-Khoa-Tntdng),Tnrong-Tfi-Thi6n, Vudng-Thu-Nh6n (Lf -B r{-Toin). Mlt Trf ndd manh me hoat dQng khdp ndi trong Tinh, Chinh quydnTinh, Qu{n, Xa,Xp O6"u nannoan tidp"srfc.

M4t TrQn ndy d6 gdi tli6n v[n xin gia nhQp Lr/c LtIQngQudc Gia Thdng Nhdt d Trung rldng.

6. Cd Cdu ld Ch(tc Cito Chi BQ Ddng frftdngSudt trong thdi gian chidn tranhViQt Ph6p, qua ddn thdi

Ng6-Dinh-Di€m, cd sd cria Ding 6 c6c tinh lAn cdn v6nthrldng xuy6n d{t drldi sU tli6u <lQng cfia Chi b0 Ddng Tnldngtrong Ddng vU. d Quing Ngdi thi c6 Nam-HuX Trdn-fy-td...ninn Dinh: Phan-HuQ, Vlnh-Loi...Khdnh Hda: D6ng,Hii, Sdn, Df'c...Dd Lat Tuy€n Drlc: L6-Son-T[ng trrTruydn,ChAu-Bich, HAt, Di€n...

Ndm 1964, do srlsdp xdp cria 6ng L6-vln-Hi6p, Chi bQDing Tnrdng dd th6a thuQn ad finn b0 Tiry6n Drlc-Di lats6t nhQp vd xrt B0 Midn Nam.

L€-Sdn-Ting li ildng tfl vd ld sdng lQp vi6n cria td TienChdnh Gi6o c6 ri6u ngff ld: Td Ti6n Ch6nh Gi6o Dai DaoSinh T6n. Ift6p c6c tinh vd Sii Gdn - Chd Ldn tl6u c6 TdDinh cria t6n gi6o ney...

Do quydt nghi phdn nhiQm sd: 04/FIDLD/QN ngny 20-8-1965 d6 drldc CU CdvdnTdi Cao cfia Dingph6 chudnlCoca'u td chrlc cria Chi BO Ding Tnldng gdm c6:

78* Tnllfi-r4\p vA pn tr.,rpml

* Nguy6n-Quang-Minh (trfc LC -Quang-ThiQn),Chri tich HQi d6ng Ldnh dao Chi B0 Ding Tnrdng.

+ Cao-Thanh-Binh (trlc Bric si N.T.),DQ I Ph6 Chfi tich.

x Bd Qu!'nh -Thanh, De II Ph6 Chri tich.* Gi6o srr Hd-H, De III Ph6 Chri tich.* Tnrdng-Nguy6n (tfc Dan bidu Truong-Vdn-Nguy6n).

Bi thu tnf6ng.

Cric Tinh BO Ui Vi6n gdm c6 nhfrng d6ng vi6n:Drrong-Tdn-Thinh (tfc Nguy6n-Tr.I-Khoa, Tinh dodn X

D N T, PY), V6-Dinh-Phric, H6-An-Todn (Nghi vi6n),Nguy6n-Phi-Long, Huynh-Phgc-Hutrg (Nghi vi6n), Hoa-Dao,Nguy6n-Duy-ViQt-Linh (Cam Ranh), Lf-Hi6n (DAn bidu),Nguy6n-Vi€n-Dd (Cam Ranh), Sdn, Hei, Drlc (Kh6nh Hda),Di6n, Truydn (Dd L4t) v.v...

c. cAc riNl}r-eQ PH1A NAMVi 6nh htldng thdi cuQc n6n Xr1b0 Midn Trung cria E4i

ViQt Qudc Ddn D6ng do B6c si Brru-HiQp vi K! stl Hd-Thric-Kf lSnh d4o chi cdn ho4t dQng manh d til vi tuydn 16trd ra. Phdn ddt Li6n khu V (Nam Ngli Binh Phri) thi c6 ChibQ Ding Trudng Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn D6ng hoat dQng; Til vituydn 13 (ddo Ci) trd vio gdm c6 c1,.c Tinh Kh6nh Hda,Ninh Thufln, Binh ThuQn Qudn dQi Ph6p lai trii chidm, khuvdc niy Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn D6ng ho4t dQng do srI lSnh d4oci,a cdc ding vi6n Nguy6n-Vdn-Kidu, H6-Trdn-Ch6nh,Hodng-Xu6n-Nam... chi mQt thdi gian ngdn hic dAu ctia cuQcchidn tranh Vi6t Ph6p, bQ phQn niy dd 1i6n lac dr/gc vdi Xrlb0 Midn Nam vd Trung udng D6ng BQ.

Trong thdi gian kdtidp, b0 phAn ndy cld kdthgp chet chcvdi xrl BO Mi6n Nam. Nguy6n-V[n-Kidu thrldng xuy6n d

DAr-VrFr 0mC-DAN-DANG *79

Shigbn. CU H6-TrAn-Ch6nh ld m6t nhdn-var hfiu danh 6 Phan-Rang n6n mQt sd d6ng quAn chring ttd hrldng theo. Hoing-Xudn-Nam hod minh ho4t tlQng trong gidi trd qudn nhdn,viOn chrlc thdi dy vi <15 gif, m6t vai trd quan trong trong vuchidn khu DOng cudi nAm D54.Ldptr6 cria DVQDD 6 ddtMi6n Nam TrungVi6t ndy cfrng d6ng cl6o vd t{tcitttd d6n sr/ring h6 cho cilc DAn bidu U6-Van-Xu0n, Ng6-\En-LuOn(1971).

80* TH Nfl{AP V,f PrUU-tPtilt

ilt. xu B0 NAM vlET

Trong thdng 72-1938, ngay sau khi toin ttrd U0 phQn 6Phri YCn d6ng tdm chdp nh{n Chri nghla Ddn TOc Sinh T6ncria Ddng Tn/dng Tnrdng-Tfi-Anh thi m6t sdcdn b0 dd dtldcs6p xdp dd chudn bi vdo ho4t dQng 6 xrl Nam kj' thuQc dia.Ddn ndm 1939 c6,c Cling vi€n Hoing-Kim-Giai, Trudng-Tfr-Nghi, Hu!'nh-Hanh... dUdc phr{i vdo hoat CIQng gdy co sd 6xrl Nam kj' thuQc dia, li6n tidp trong ciic nlm 1940-4I nhi6utoiin Ding vi6n 6 PhriYCn drlQc gdi vho hoat dQng t[ng ct/dng.Nhfrng Ddng vi6n cdp thdp sau niy dtlgc gdi vio thUdngho4t dQng trong cdc ngdnh kidu lQ, h6a xa, brru diQn, c6 m6tsd lam 6 c6ng ty, xi nghiQp tu nhu hdng Dudng HiQpHda....Cf,ng trong thdi gian ndy D6ng Tnldng Trddng-Tfl-Anh cfrnhidu D6ng vi0n gdc li ngrrdi Midn Nam di tdt nghiOpDai hoc ho{c cdn ld Sinh vi6n tr} D4i hoc Ha NOi di thEngvdo Nam ViQt dd thdnh lQp n6n Xf b0 Nam ViQt do Nguy6n-Vin-Hrrdng trlc Mudi t-6 lfdt nghiQp Dai hoc LuAt khoa) ldmXf tnrdng.

Cdc dlngviCn ndy dugc goi ld nh6m NhAn'NghIa-L6-Tri-Tin....Trong chuydn v6 Nam cria ddng vi6n Nhdn (Pham-Dlng-Cinh), c6 r{tnhi6u Ding vi6n d6 Tdt nghiQp Dai hoc,ddn nhd ga cta tilng Tinh d phia Nam thi ad tai mQt vdi d6ngviOn phdi hgp vdi Tinh Ding bQ s6 t4i mi hoat dQng theo chithi nhdt thdng cfia Trung Udng. Ding vi€n Ngtria (trfc D4i srlNguy6n-Vln-Kidu) drlgc ltru 14i qu6 qu6n li ddt Phan Rang(Ninh Thu0n).

Nh5m D6ng viOn 6 Phri YCn sau mQt thdi gian hoat dOngdi thinh lQp tai Sdi Gdn m6t Lfr Qu6n c6 t6n la Phf YOn Lfr

DAr -vr E-T orfc- oAru -oAH e *81

Qu6n. Sau khi Xf b0 Nam Vi6t dd ldn manh TnIdng-TfI-Nghi cluoc Dring Trudng didu dQng 16n hoat dQng phrit tridnco sd 6 Cao Mi6n vd Huj,nh-Hanh duQc phrii ddn hoat dQngdAi Lao (VanTUdng). Nam 1945 Huj,nh-Hanh titVanTrlongtrd vd Phri YOn theo dddng Qu6ng Tr1 vd 1i6n duoc gdi ratdng cudng Trung rldng D6ng b0 6 Ha NQi. Trudng-Tt-Nghibi ket drrdng giao th6ng n6n ddn cuoi ndm 1945 mdi vd tOiPhriYCn tai bi CQng Sdn vdy bdt giam gifr, mdi ddn cudinam1946 mdi thi ra vd Hdn di th8ng v6 Trung uong E6ng b6 dHa Noi.

Sd O6ng vi0n cfia Xf b0 Mi6n Nam phdn d6ng thuOcthinh phAn tri thrlc n6n rdt dC thu hrit qudn chfng, nh0't litdng ldp Sinh vi6n, Giiio chrfc, Vi0n chrlc, Tidu tu s6n, ldnh tucria c6c Dodn thd nh6n d6n. Nhd vdo tinh nlng d6ng, x6ngx6o, qu6 cdm cria tudi tr6 Ciich mang n6n D6ng vi6n EaiVi6t cfrng tao dudc rdt nhi6u tin trrdng 6 c6,c ltlc luong v6trang Mi6n Nam thdi bdy gid nhu Binh Xuydn, Cao Ddi,Hda H6o, Thanh Ni6nAi Qudc Dodn...th6m vdo d6 XrltrudngNguySn-Van-Hddng (MLIdi I-6) tai c6 ngrrdi chi li nf, Biic siNguy5n-Thi-Sudng cflng hdng hrii ydm trd cho Ciich mangQudc gia. Ch6ng cfia ntr Biic sl Nguy6n-Thi-Srrong la H6-Vinh-Kf ndm gifr Lrlc hlong C6ng an Nam Vi€t trong thdiNhdt thu6c. Nfr Bric sI Sddng cflng ld m6t silng lAp vi6n cfiaThanh Ni6n Ti6n Phong.

A. B0 oQrvn cHrfN KHU AN orEruTrddc di6n bidn nhanh ch6ng cria tinh hinh chidn srI thd

chidn thf II, theo chi thi cria Trung ddng, Xrlb0 NamViQt ddthdnh lQp B0 dQi An Didn. KhXp ciic clia phuong trong tdmhoat dOng cfia 86 dQi drroc goi ld Chidn khu An Di6n. AnDi6n ld t6n cria mQt Tdng thu6c QuQn Thri Drlc cfrng ld qu6huong cria m6t Ding vi6n Dai Vier, m6r Sinh vi6n Ludt khoa

82* TTlANfl-I4{P V,t PfnU.,rPdll

Dai hgc Ha Noi t6n ld Tran-vin-Qudi (B6y Qudi), ngrrdi d6mang lQnh cria Ddng Tnrdng vdo cho Xf b0 Midn Nam vdvi6c thinh l{p Chidn khu. Thdn sinh cfia Trdn-Vhn-Qudi liChdnh Tdng cria Tdng niy.

Sr/ 16n manh cria BO dQi An Didn rdt nhanh ch6ng, vd vflkhi rhi dddc ddi ddo, dAy dfi hon tdtcil cdc hlc luong v6 trangthdi bdy gid 6 Nam b6, vd nhAn sdthi quy tu duoc nhidu nhdnv6t c6 thr/c tdi n€n tdm hoat cl6ng d6 md r6ng tt rilng S6c,Vfrng Thu, Bd Ria... ddn t{n D6ng Th6p Mtldi Long An....Khi Nhat ddu hing d6ng minh, chinh D4i trrdng Sato, Tdngtr/ lQnh Quin dQi Hoing gia Nhflt 6 D6ng Nam A dd choph6p Trung riy Nam trJdc Watanabe Hitomi drroc dio ngA ddgia nhdp BO dQi An Di6n cfia Dai ViQt Qudc DAn Ding.Trong m6nh l€nh thtr, Dai tudng Sato cbn ghi 16 ld Dai trrdngSato s6 l6'y ldm sung srldng vd vinh hanh khi Trung fy Namtrrdc drloc chd'p nh$n tham gia B0 dQi An Di6n cria Dai ViQtQudc DAn D6ng, BO dQi An Di6n da dAt t6n cho vi Trung riyNam tudc cfia Hodng gia NhQt ndy ld: Anh B6. Nhd stl tant6m phuc vu cfia anh BC vd nhffng Sl quan cao cdp cria Qudnd0i Nhar, BO dOi An Eidn dd c6 th6m dtroc rdt nhidu hudnluyQn vi6n c6 thr/c tdi vd tinh b6o, t6c chidn, v[ khi, c6ngbinh xrldng....Nhdt ld vi€c chidm kho sring CIan Binh Thungcilch doanh trai Binh Thdng cria QuAn dQi NhQt 5 cdy sd vinhidu v0 khi quan trong khiic. B0 dQi An Didn cdn ndi danhvdi trAn d6nh 6 Chg Nh6 Thri Drfc, chi c6 mQtTidu d6i mh d6ti6u diQt todn thd Hnh Phr{p trdn 5 xe GMC, thau h6i tohn bQv[ khi g6m c6: 3 dai 1i0n Maxim's, tr0n 40 khdu mousquetons,ra't nhidu v[ khi c6 nhdn. Dr/Qc tin chidn thdng, d6ng bdo trdnddn dd hoan ngh6nh; N€n tdtcitnhflng chidn loi phdm qudntrang, qu6n dung cdn 14i tr6n xe ddu cho ddng bdo teo l6n ldyhdt, vd sau d6 ph6ng h6a thi6u rui c6c xe nhh binh dy.

DAFU E-T ordc- oAu -silr c *83

Ddn ha tuAn th6ng 8-1945, DdngTrudngTruong-Tf/-Anhlai ph6i vdo Nam mQt ltlc hlQng hing h{u do Tri6u-Giang(tr1c Trldng Pham-Cao-Htng) chi huy, hlc lrtong niy gdmnhtrng Sinh viOn cld clugc hu6'n luy€n 6 Trtldng VO bi LacTriQu vi m6t sd Sinh viOn Dai hgc Hi NQi qu6 quiin cilc TinhMidn Nam. Nguy6n khi Binh-dodn Lac Triqu vtldt qua ldnnUdc bac dang l6n cao cta midn Luc Ddu Giang vd ddn Thrid0 Ha n6i vdo chi6u ngiy 17 th6ng 8 n5m 1945, trong hic c6clrrc luong qu6n srI6 phia TAy chua v6 tdi. Ddn ngiy 2l th6ng8 nf,m 1945, Binh dohn Lac Tri6u duoc l6nh cria Ding Trudnglo vi€c NamTidn dd thuc hi€n cilc nhiQm vu:

- Girip cho tinh Thanh H6a crldp chinh quydn. L/cic {ychinh quy6n tai Thanh H6a do cu Hrldng Trrit (Nguy6n-Tr6t)ndm gitr.

- L{p mQt hlc luong chinh Nam dd girip cho XrlBO midnNam phiit tridn, drlong <ldu vdi COng sdn vd Thtlc ddn.

Ddn Vinh, TriQu Giang luu lai mQt phAn luc lrrong khoingtr6n 200 binh sl, h4 Si quan vd Si quan dd tang crldng choChidn khu Thanh H6a. Khi ildn Hud, chidc Traction 15 criaPhan-Kd-Toai cltloc D6ng b0 dia phrrong tu sfra l4i vd TriQu-Giang tidp tuc sfi dqng xe vi ngddi tni xddd drra Bd Chi huycria lgc lrrgng chinh Nam. Lrrc luong ndy khi vdo ddn Namb6, m6t phdn drrgc tlng crldng cho 86 DOi An Di6n, phdncdn lai tim hud'n luyQn vi6n qudn sd cho ci{c lrtc lrrOng nhdnddn v6 trang vi c{,c cd sd quAn chring cria E6ng tr€n todnl6nh thd cria Chidn khu An Didn.

Trong lfc dy thi TrAn-Vhn-Qudi dugc Ding Trtldng triQuh6i vd Trung rrdng Eing b0 n€n B0 Chi huy cria BO tlOi AnDidn drJdc chdn chinh lai. Bii-Htru-Phi6t vd D[ng-Einh-Nh4(Ce Nha) d6u ld TrILQnhPh6 drldc giao nhiQmvu quydnTrr16nh Chidn khu An Didn vdi sr/ girip srlc cfia Nguy6n-Vdn-Tai (tr1c Thanh-Tai), Phan-Khdc-S fru, TrA n-Qudc-B rnr, Pham-

81 * mhn+np vnpnAtrpmr

Ddng-Cinh, Mrrdi-Hudng v.v... MQt sd Sinh vi6n ST quanTnrdng Lac TriQu cflng duoc gitt cdc chrlc vg thanh tra quantrong trong BQ tham mft.

Bni-Hru-PhiOt sinh qu6n tai Ninh-Binh (BXc ViQO d5bXng dipl6me nh{p nginh gi6o hoc. Hoat dQng chdng Phr{pn6n dd bi day ra C6n Dio. Ndm 1945 clrroc gi6i tho6t, vd ddnSdigdn thdy s{c6 m{t criaViQt Minh CQng s6n. N€n lidn gianh{p DVQDD dd tidp tgc chdng thr/c ddn vd CQng sin.

D[ng-Dinh-Nha (Ci Nhd) sinh qu6n tai H6i Phdng @5cVieQ. NIm 1936 sau khi dU thi dipl6me, rdi Midn Bdc vioNam sinh sdng. Khi Dai ViQt Qudc DAn D6ng xudt hiQn ddgia nhQp vi hoat dQng tqi Midn Nam. Sau drloc DVQDDbiet phdi trd vd Bdc r6i lai trd vdo Nam hoat dQng.

B. MaT TRAN OUoC-GIA UEN-HIEP NAM-B9Lric bdy gid ho4t tlQng cria BO dQi An Eidn d6 md rQng

sang l6nh vr/c chinh tri, nhf,ng tht Hnh ciacdcDodn thd nhuDinh-Khdc-Thiet, H6-Nhat-Tan, Tri-Quydn, Dinh-KhXc-Quydt, bd Song-Thu cfia Thanh Ni6n Ai Qudc Eodn; Trinh-Minh-Thd cfia Cao Dii; Huynh-Phri-Sd cfia Hda H6o cl6utim ddn gAn vdi BO dOi An Didn, nhdt ld hlc luong Binh Xuy6ncfia Ba Dudng, Mt/di Tri- Ba DUdng trlc ld D[ong-Vbn-Ddongli thri lSnh Binh Xuy6n ld ngudi dAu ti6n drlng ra quy tu vdthinh lflp n6n hhng ngfi Binh Xuy6n. Xudt thdn til m6t giadinh khri gii, c6 hoc vd gi6i chfr Nho, dd ld chti cfia 2 nhdmiiy xay hia vd mQt nhi mriy dQt bao bdd Cho Ldn, rdt gi6ivd v6 thuflt n6n thich viQc qudn tg hgp doin...

Nhfrng cuQc tidp xric ndy dAn dAn dd drra rldn viQc thdnhlQp Mat TrQn Qudc Gia Li€n Hiep. C6c hlc hrqng v6 trangchdng Ph6p 6 Nam b0 cflng ddn ddn HCn kdt vdi nhau thdnhlQp nhfrng SrIdoin, Trung doin.

ofl-vrET ondc-oAn-ofuc *85

Tnldc tinh thd dy, D6ng TnIdng TruOng-Tfi-Anh cl5 biQtphrii Nguy6n-TOn-Hohn tr6 vd Midn Nam dd lo viQc vdn dQngt6ch rdi Kh6ng chidn Nam bQ ra kh6i ViQt Minh CQng sin.ViQc vQn dQng cfia Nguy6n-Tdn-Hoin da b6t ddu c5 hiQuqui d cdc hJc lrrgng v6 trang chdng Phi{p, nhung 14i bi Hoing-Qudc-ViQt (CQng Sin) bu6c tQi ln chri tnldng chia 16 vi kdt6n tfi hinh. Nguy6n-T6n-Hodn phii v6i vudt tho6t vdng nguyhidm trd ra Hd NQi.

Trong khi phe CQng Siin TrAn-Vdn-Gidu, Drlong-Bach-Mai, Nguy6n-Vbn-Tao cd tdm lo tranh gidnh c6ng ddu vdl6nh dao khr{ng chidn 6 Nam b0 thi tai m6r bier thd 6 dudngPhan-Dinh-PhDng cfi a nfr B 5c sI Nguy6n-Thi-Srldng (chi criaMudi L6) nhfng cuQc hop bf m{t cfia phe Qudc gia clng 1i6ntidp di6n ra g6m dri crlc dai diQn cia ct.c giSo ph6i ciic hJclugng v6 trang. L€-Kim-Ty tlai diQn cho Cao Ddi Bdn Tre,Pham-Hfru-Drfc dai di6nVi0t Nam Qudc Ddn Ding, Huj,nh-Phf-Sd Gi6o Chfi Hba H6o, H6-\&n-Ngd, Hd-vinh-Ky, LAm-Ngoc-Dddng, Nguy6n-VIn-HUdng, Trtdng Pham-Cao-Hirng,Vfl-Tam-Anh vi nhidu cdc dai diQn t6n gi6o, dodn ttrd khacnfra. MQt nhd c6ch mang 15o thinh tU Thdi Lan vd ld cuDuong-V6n-Girio dd cltla ra m6t tdi liQu do Hidn binh Nhfltdo4t drloc cria Ph6p, trong tdi liQu dy, Trdn-Vhn-Giiu dE camkdt hoat d6ng cho Ph6p dd adi tdy srrtrtdo cho bin thAn cingcdc dingvi€n CQng Sin kh6c vd ddn thdi didm 6'y TrAn-\trn-Giiu v6n cdn li6n lac mdt thidt vdi Phdp. TnJdc bhng chrlnghidn nhi€n niy. cdc ciin b6 tr6 cria Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ddngvd V[-Tam-Anh dd nghi phe Qudc gia n6n tung ra mQt mdludi t6m tron bon CQng S6n. Vfl-Tam-Anh dd x6ng x6o ttlnhdn d6m triich vi€c lim 6'y. Nhtrng nhf,ng vi dai diQn ldntudi vd nhdt li cu DrIdng-Vdn-Girlo cri'hldng ld kh6ng quyetdinh drlt khor{t. Mat Trfln Qudc Gia Li6n HiQp Nam B0 dahinh thdnh til srr quy tU dy.

86* IaANHl4p vA pnru-rpml

c. IHAI DoAN oudc-on KHANG cntEru Nn[l-sQ RA HA-NOr

Trong lfc Mi6n Nam dang lan trin kh6i hla, thring 9-1945 TriQu-Giang (trlc Tddng Pham-Cao-Hing) cirmQt nh6mSi quan cfia Chidn khu Lac TriQu quay trd vd Ua NQi ddhrrdng ddn ph6i doin Kh6ng chidn Nam bQ ra diQn kidn D6ngTnrdng Trddng-Tfi-Anh. Phdi dodn ndy do Trr-Thi6n (lttlauriceThi€n) li mQt trong 10 con R6ng xanh ldnh d4o tdi cao cfiaBinh Xuy6n cAm ilAu, thdnh phAn ph6i dodn cdn c6 Sang,Nhung vd mQt sd nh6n vdt cao c6'p cria Binh Xuy6n nfla.Ph6i doin il6 dr]Qc Ding Tnldng TnIdng-TfI-Anh tidp kidnvi chdp nhfln 16 tuy6n thQ gia nhQp Dai Viet Qudc Ddn Ding.Maurice Thi6n trlc TrrThi6n c6 qudc tich Ph6p, c6 vo dAm,li mQt nhdn vQt hio hiQp, khi kh6i rdt clrroc gidi Hoa ki6u 6Chg Ldn kinh nd, lim chfi nhi6u nhd miiy xay lda 6 ChdLdn, lim chfi nhidu ngua dua, cfing li mQt tay dua xe rt4p nditidng.

CQng Sin tai Hd N6i dang thdi phdng vi cd v6 cho Phongtrio khi{ng chidn cria hlc lrrgng Binh Xuy6n 6 Nam b0. MQth6m tnrdc nhi hrit ldn d Hd NQi, Trdn-Van-Gidu clang di6nthuydt tU coi minh ld anh hDng Kh6ng chidn cfia Mi6n Nam,thi mQt qu6 lgu d4n bXng 96 qulng lOn khrin dii vh Trr-Thi6ncung met so ve sr nhiy l6n kh6n tlhi didm m[t TrAn-Vin-Gidu h6i: -Anh Khring chidn ngiy ndo 6 Nam b0? -Anh bdnThy ph6t ndo d Nam b0 h6y n6i cho t6i nghe ? -Anh Khi{ngchidn hay ch4y trtin ?! Maurice Thi6n ld Tnrdng Phiii DoinKhring Chidn 6 Nam bQ ra BXc n€n tidng n6i rdt c6 gi5 tritrudc qudn chring. Thdi gian ndy phe CQng Sin ViQt Minhclang ca nggi, dd cao Binh Xuy6n. IftXp trong nhfrng vDngCQng Sdn ViQt Minh kidm so6t ddu vang vong l6n tidng h6t:" ... Binh Xuy An ! Binh Xuy A n ! o ai hiln g mubn ndm.. . D o dn c hi dnsi mdu sOi ndng hdn cdm. Guom vung bn mdu trdo mu6n

ofl-uET ondc-oAu.sAnc *87

ddu roi sdt khi, dm vang fuit chdn xa trudng kh6ng tidc thdn...,,Sau khi dudc hua'n luy6n k! hrdng, phr{i Eodn cfia MauriceThi6n trd vd lo vi6c kh6ng chidn 6 Nam bQ, moi didu thuhudn drrgc tilDing Trudng Tnrong-Tfi-Anh, Maurice Thi6ndd truydn d4t lai cho c6c vi chi huy cao ct'p cfia Binh Xuy6n,do d6 Ba Dudng, Mudi Tri, Ndm Hd vi c6c cdpldnh dao criaBinh Xuy€n lAn lrrot drldc ch6'p nh0n tuy6n thQ gia nh6p DaiViCt Qudc DAn Ding, con dudng Qudc gia chdng cQng rldr6ng md ddi vdi lrrc luong Binh Xuy6n Kh6ng chidn t<d tUclo...

D. PHAI DOAN H6-f'f Hdf-fAN 0honh ni6n Aieudc Dodn)Ph6i dodn cfia Maurice Thi6n drloc drra trdlai Midn Nam

thi m6t ph6i dodn kh6c do cu H6-Nhat-Tdn hrrdng ddn, g6mmQt sdc:in b6 cria Thanh ni6nAi eudc Dodn vh mOt sdnhdnsI...cflng tU Mi6n Nam kh6i lfra ra Ha NOi, Ddng TrudngTnrdng-Tr?-Anh d6 tidp kidn th6n m{t. Cu Hd-Nhat-Tan hngddi qu6 quiin d Long Xuy6n, am rrrdng Nho hoc. Thdi gianNh6t chidm DOng Dddng, cu c6 thinh l6p Thanh Ni6n AiQudc Dodn hoat d6ng manh 6 Midn D6ng Nam bQ, cu H6-NhQt-TAn cfrng drldc dda vudr bi6n gidi sang Trung Hoa .

Sang ddn Trung Hoa cU H6-Nhar-Ten dd g[p lai, cing hoatdQng vdi Nguy6n-Quang-Minh (tfc LC-euang-Thi6n) trongph6i dodn Nguy6n-T6n-Hoin, D[ng-V[n-Sung vi cu Trdn-Trong-Kim .... Ll(,c trd v6 ntrdc cu H6-NhAr-mn dd m6 nhithudc BXc T6n Nhon d drrdng TriQu Da, Chq Ldn, vi c6 1i6nhQ ddn Dai Vi6t Qudc Ddn Ding n6n d6 bi c6ng an Nhu-Di€m bdt giam vi didu ra rong ndm 1956. Cu Ud-Uhat-Thndd ra tranh cf 16ng thdng vdi ddu hiQu Hoa Sen vi cuNguy6n-Thd-Truydn rhg cr?vi6n ph6 TdngThdng trong cuOcbAu citTdng Thdng vi Phd Tdng Thdng nam 1961.

88* THANH-I4\p vrt pntu:rPrgr't

D. pHAI DoAN tttuldruo ruuYfi vdt oAl otEru nuH oudcDd xric tidn viQc thi hdnh nhtrng quydt clinh cria HQi Nghi

Potsdam. Hodng Gia Anh Qudc dd gdi ddn Shi Gdn Ph6 VuongHuAn Tudc Mounbatten dd lo viQc trrdc khi gidi cria QuAndOi Nh{t Bin til vi tuydn 16 trd xr;dng. L:6c dy nh6m CQngSinTrAn-Vdn-Giiu dd trlxrrng ln Uy Ban Hinh Chdnh NamBQ, qua t6c phong vd cung c6ch n6i nlng cfia TrAn-Vdn-Gidu chi mQt ldn cldu thOi, Ph6Vuong HuAnTUdc Mounbattenda phii l6c ddu vi buOt miQng "...Kh6ng thd ban dinh viQc givdi t6n trd nit d6 drroc 1...".(r)

TriQu-Giang tfc Tudng Pham-Cao-HDng khi vdo Nam,sau m6t thdi gian hoat tlQng bi I0 dia didm 6 Sdi Gdn, n6n d5ddi vd 6 Chq Ldn, cu ngu trong khdch san Tam Ddn, ndi d6ycfing ld Try sd tr6 hinh cria Trung Hoa Qudc DAn Ding n6nhQ thdng an ninh ngAm rdt tl4c biQt. TriQu-Giang tnrdc kiahoc 6 Trudng Hodng Phd cirng mQt kh 6 a v 6i D ai trrdn g Tnrdn g-Ph6t-Khu6, khi ra Trudng phuc vu trong QuAn dQi Trung HoaDdn Qudc tham gia chdng NhQt trong chidn dich Tnldng Sa

da lap nhidu c6ng trfln n6n nhidu lAn drrqc vinh thdng tronghing ngfi Trung Hoa m]r Trung Hoa DAn Qudc hic bdy gid ldmQt trong Ng[ Crrdng D6ng Minh.

(1). Khi ddn Sdi Gon, nhAn danh ld dai dien cho Anh Qudc, Ph6HuAn Tudc Mounbatten c6 hen Od tidp xric Trdn-Vdn-Gidu, d6n ngirygid dd hen, Trdn-Vdn-GiAu di xe Traction den tdi ng!'nS trudc c&a,i'9t Si quan Tr)y vi6n c&a HuAn Tr-tdc mac 16 phuc trSng tiSn tdi macfia xe cho Trdn-Vdn'Giiru, Huan Tudc Mounbatten mac 16 phqc deogUdm ddi b6n suon trJI trong bLIdc ra c0a, Trdn-Vin-Gidu c0ng vitaSudc xudng xe trong b0 dd cUt nhu loai dd danh tennis mang d6i giayvAi kh6ng c6 bt tdt, thet ca vqt miu, nhrlng HuAn Tudc MounbattenvAn ni6m nd l5 nghi ruoc kh6ch vdo phong khanh ti5t. Sau khi phAnngOi chir khach, irdn-Vin-Giau ng6i bqt ngfia tr6n gh6 birnh da d6cnOi, nOi hu6nh hoang sOi bQt m6m bat m6p...

DAt-u ET oudc- oAr'r.oAr'r c *89

MQt h6m vi Tdng Ldnh SrrTrung Hoa D6n eudc tai SiiGdn-Cho Ldn ddn khr{ch san Tam D6n vh trinh biy dAy drimoi chi tidt v6 cu6c gdp gd giffa ph6 Vr/dng Hudn TUdcMounbatten vi Trdn-van-Giiu cho TriQu-Giang nghe, vi T.dngLdnh Srl ndy cho bidt la hiQn gid phd Vudng Hudn TrrdcMounbatten mudn tim gdp m6t hlc hlgng, mQt td chfc ndo cdthd dai di€n cho Vi6t Nam rr) Nam vi tuydn 16 tr6 xudng vdgdi f cho Trldng Htng nOn rhdnh l6p phrii dodn ngUdi VierQudc gia ddn dd thuong thuydt vdi vi dai di6n cia Anh eudc.Sau m6t h6i aXn do suy nghl, TUdng Htng dd cht'p nfran a6nghi ndy. LQp tnldng cria Ph6 Vrrong Hudn Tr/dc Mounbattendd rO rdng le "Chd dQ thrrc ddn dd ciio chung. Anh eudc rdiddy c0ng phii tr6 d6c l6p cho ci{c thu6c dia cfr dring theoth6a r/dc cria phe d6ng minh. Anh eudc chi cAn Vi6t Namnam vi tuydn 16 dinh moi d6 ddng trong cu6c giao thrlong 6tr/dng lai..." Nhdn ldi cria vi Tdng Ldnh Srr r6i ttridu rrldngHing b5t dAu lo ldng, bdi vi hdu hdt ci{c ldnh ru phe eudc giadd tham dd nhffng cu6c hop 6 nhh cta ntr Bi{c si Nguy6n-Nggc-Suong hic bay gid da ph0n r6n di vd khSp c6c diaphuongr6i. O tai Sai Gdn, Cho Llnbdy gid chi cdn c6 m6i mQt minhV0-Tam-Anh. Tr/dng Hing cho mdi V[-Tam-Anh ddn khr{chsan Tam Ddn dd bdn dinh. phr{i dodn d6 duoc rhdnh lQp, viT6ng LEnh Srl Trung Hoa Ddn eudc dd chudn bi s6'n xL cOcdm cd Trung Hoa DAn Qudc vi chudn bi dAy d0 nghi thrfcdd hrrdng d6n phr{i doin ddn hQi kidn cing ph6 Vuorg Hu6nTrldc Mounbatten. Nhrrng ddn gid ch6t, vi tinh hinh an ninhqud brlc biich n6n V[-Thm-Anh dd kh6ng cldn drloc, n6n ddnhphdi ciio 16i vi xin hen 116 lai hai ngdy sau, ldn thrl hai V0_Tam-Anh cfing kh6ng thd nio ddn drlOc, vi v{y cuQc g4p gdddnh ph6i hfiy b6. Trrdng Hirng lai dtroc lOnh cria D6ng TrudngTnrdng-Tfr-Anh goi tr6 vd Ha N6i, cdn ph6 Vrrdng HuAnTudc thi dinh thdt vong vh li6n kf gia'y fiy quydn tddc khigidi Qudn d6i Nhdt cho Trrdng Leclerc dai di6n cfa phr{p

90* TITINTI-LAp v,r pmu-rpdll

qudc r6i b6 vd Anh Qudc, nhd tl6 md Qudn dQi Ph6p drroc tdihonnh hinh 6 Nam vi tuydn 16 la til srl riy quydn dy'

E. TRUNG DOAN 25A.B (An Di6n+Binh Xuy6n)d Namg0 hic d6, lgc luong Khring chidn hing hQu nhdt

ld BinhXuy6n, bdi vi ngudi d6ng, v[ khi lai d6i ddo do NhQtvi COngAn NamViQt cria Hd-Vinn-fy, Ldm-Ngoc-Erldnggiao lai.

LrJc ltrQng tl6ng kd thf hai la BO DOi An Di6n cria DaiViet Qudc DAn Ding gdm nhi6u thhnh phdn tri thtlc vd v[khi thi c6 phdn a6l aao hdn Binh Xuy6n td do crrdp dugc criaPh6p vi kho sfng d4n Binh Thung cria Nhflt, c6 tlrroc 2 khduBazooka PIAT dd bdn xe tang (Projectile Incendiaire AntiTank) 14i dtrQc hudn luyQn k! cdng v6 qudn srldo hudn luyQnvi0n ngrldi I.IhaL B0 tlOi An Ei6n chi k6m sft hon Binh Xuy6nvd qu6n sdmi th6i.

Trong thrlc trang dy, mQt phAn cria luc lrrgng Binh Xuy6ndd x6p nhfp vio vdi BQ DOi An Di6n thdnh lQp n6n TrungDodn 25AB (An Di6n vi Binh Xuy€n) do BDi-Htru-Phi€t vh

D4ng-Dinh-Tich chi huy. BQ Tham mrru g6m c6 ciic cl6ng

vi€n Nguy6n-Vhn-Tai (Thanh-T4i), TrAn-Qudc-BfIu, Huynh-Vln-Th6o (trfc Gir{o Th6o) vd mOt sdnhdn v6t quAn sd caocdp cria Binh XuY€n.

G. cHrEN ticx oAc alEt cOn TRUNG DoAN 2sAB (AN

orElr-siruH xUYEN)Trong nh8ng ngiy clAu th6ng 9-1945, nh6m CQng Sin

TrAn-\hn-Gidu, Ddong-B ach-Mai, Nguy6n-Vdn-T4o, Hodng-

Qudc-ViQt, Nguy6n-Vhr-ffiy, clang cd srlc dd tranh gitr c6cchrlc vu trong Uy ban Hinh ch6nh Ldm thdi Nam b0; B0 DQiAn Didn vd D4i ViQt Qudc DAn Ding, 1o viQc kdt tu c6c h1c

DAFUE-T ondc-oAru-sAuc * 9]

Itrgng chdng Ph6p 6 Nam bQ dd thdnh lQp M6t TrQn eudcGia Li0n HiQp cria Mi6n Nam nhhm mUc dich d6nh Tdy ddgidnh dQc lap. Vd mat qudn sd, BO DOi An Di6n d6 ldn manhc6 thOm drr-o. c nhi6u tAn D6ng viOn thu6c ltrc luQng Binh Xuy6nd trong B0 Chi Huy n6n drloc mdnh danh li Trung Dodn 25An Didn-Binh Xuy6n (trung doin 25 AB), BO chi huy gdmc6 c6,c ding vi6n: Bti-Hfu-PhiQt, Ddng chi Nguy6n-Vhn-Tai, Hulnh-Vdn-Thdo (rrfc Gi6o Th6o) vi ci{c t6n d6ng vi6nTrr-Ty, Trdn-Qudc-Bfru, Phan-Kh6c-Sffu, ngoii ra cdn c6 suydm trd cfia cdc tdn ddng vi6n MrIdi Tri, Ndm Hi cfrng dangndm gitr nhtrng lrtc lttOng qu6n sU quan trong.

l. Chin TrQn Ddnh Phdp Tr€n Dttdng SdiG6n-V0ng fauNgiy 6 thdng 10 ndm 1945, qu6n ph6p dd b0 l6n VEng

Tiu vi truc chuydn qudn cria Phrlp ril V[ng Tdu l6n MidnD6ng Nam 86 UXt dAu hoat d6ng manh. Trung doin 25 AnDidn-Binh Xuy0n d6 phUc kich d6nh 9 tr6n trong mrrdi mQtnghy 1i6n tidp tr€n dudng Vflng Tiu-Sii Gdn tr} ddc 47 (c6,ysd+Z t<d fi Sei Gdn ra V[ng Tdu) ddn ddc 54 ti6u diQt drrocthuc dan Ph6p rhu ra't nhidu vfr khi, dan ddoc vi chidn ldiphdm. D4c bi6t trong cdc trdn ndy ln hiQu hlc cria chidn thuQrphuc kich mdi do ci{c hudn luy6n vi6n ngudi Nh6t truydn laicho BO DOi An Didn.

Ldn phuc kich ddu ti6n ti do Luu-Nhdt va T6m-Hdi chihuy (hai ngrldi ndy cl6u dd phuc vu rrong qu6n rlQi ph6p). Haiddu tr6n mac drldc dAt dai-hen vd sfng ldn, gitra dudng chOnba qui min do Binh Xuy6n trd girip. BCn dudng li binh sivdiv0 khi c6 nhdn chidm c6.c cao didm vd nguy rrang rhat kyludng. Khi doin qudn xa cta Phr4p tr6n 15 chidc lot vdo vtngphuc kich, bdt ddu khai h6a thi ba qui min lai kh6ng nd, n€nc6c khdu dai li6n, trung li€n ph6i bin rdi da. Tidng sfng criaqudn Ph6p ydu ddn thi hrc lugng phuc kich x6ng l6n dd ti6u

e2* ItlANH-tAP V,t Pmrf-rcdU

diQt. Tr{n ndy c6 Vrrdng-Htru-Drfc tham d{.

2. Vu Khi Mdi Do 89 Ni An Di6n ChdTqoTrong c6c trfn cl6nh c6 xudt hi6n loai vfl khi m6i ld: IWn

nd ti6n vd hJu dan kh6ng c6 m6 vit. Nguy0n trong sd Sinhvi6n V6 Bi Lac TriQu do TriQu Giang drla vho t[ng cUdng choChidn khu An Didn c6 mQt ky su tre udi t6n ViQt, trong thdichidn tranhTrung Nhdt, dd tUng sang Trung Hoa lo viQc ch6tao vfl khi cho Tu6ng-Gidi-Thach. Do nhf,ng kinh nghiQmchd t4o dy k! srrViQt dd 6p dung vdo hodn cinh thgc td criaNam bO hic bdy gid vd s6ng chdra loai vfr khi mdi ndy.

Tn/dc thinh qui dy Ba-Dr/ong dd thrrong lugng vdi Bii-Hfu-Phiet mrrQn k! srrViQt vd ginh Xuy6n dd day cho cl6mtho cfia C6ng binh xrrdng chd t4o min nd 1i6n vd luu dantrfng vit....d COng binh xUdng cfia Binh Xuy6n kI srrViQtlai day th€m viQc t6i chdd4n, n6n qudn Binh Xuy6n thdi dyda c6-Phong trio thdu nh4t du6i d4n dem vd dd tai chd. Saukhi girip cho C6ng binh xr/6ng cria Binh Xuy6n thinh thaotrong viQc chdtao; BDi-Htru-Phi6t cdn gdi k! suviQt ddn ci{cvtng Hda H6o, Cao Dai dd day cho cilc ltlc lrrgng anh emnay viqc chdtao vfl khi.... Tn d6 chidn Trddng Nam bO xudthi6n c6c loai min nd tidn vd luu clan kh6ng c6 m6 vit dd l)mcho Quin dOi cfia thuc dan Phrip rdt d6i kinh hai.

3. Trgn Nga Ba fdn UY6nDudng til Bi6n Hda vdo Thn Uy6n lai chia ldm hai ng6,

mQt ngd cli vio biet thu Sudi Reo (Villa Source) vi ng6 kia dithing vdo Xd Mg LQc; Ngd ba ndy thrrdng gqi ld ng6 ba TAnUy€n. Biet thu Sudi Reo lh Tdng hdnh dinh cfia Trung dohn25AB. DtIQc tin tinh b6o, Qudn dQi Ph6p sC md mQt cuQc

hinh qudn ldn vho TAn UyCn, Trung dodn 25AB tdn phuct<ictr tai ngd ba Thn UyOn vdi chidn thuat mdi, chidm drlQc

DArvrET ordc-0fu-oAuc *93

nhidu uu thd vd dia hinh, dia vQt vi c6 sr/ phdi hop nhipnhdng. Khi todn b0 doin xe 10 chidc GMC qu6n v{n do mQtThidu Tri Ph6p chi huy lot tron vio d phqc kich, li6n c6 haicAy sao to ldn dd xudng ch6n kin hai ddu vi trong khodnhkhdc hai cAy sao khr{c cfing dd xudng dd bep ci{c chidc xe dgifra clodn, linh Phrdp ngdi tren cr{c chidc xe 6'y to6n loan thitidng sring cfia quAn phuc kich 6 hai b6n dudng ldn lrrot thayphi6n nhau nd ddn dQp khidn cho qudn Phrip kh6ng itinhdrIdc muc ti6u dd phdn phr{o... Vai phrit sau, khi vie n ThiduTri bi b6n ha, ddm tin qu6n k6o nhau chay ngrldc lai phiaBi6n hda. Trung doin 25AB d6 hoin todn chidn rh6ng, rhAutodn b6 vfr khi vd qudn rrang quAn dung r6i ndi h?a ddt trdtciic chidc xe vd rdt lui.

4. Biin Nguyin BinhNguy6n-Binh tri'c Nguy6n-Phrldng-Thio c6 tham gia

hoat d6ng choVi6t Nam Qudc DAnDdng cria Nguy6n-Th6i-Hoc n6n bi day ra C6n D6o. Tai nhi ti h6i d6o ndy, Nguy6n-Binh bi dU d6 n6n d6 theo CQng S6n dQ Tam. Thi hinh chritrddng cria phe CQng Sin, Nguy6n-Binh thudng td c6o vibia dat nhidu chuyQn dd trinh cho Chf a nguc Tousrou, do d6c6 rdtnhidu tD nhdn bi Chria nguc Tousrou hinh ha, tra kh6oddn chdt hoac bi tan tat sudt ddi. SrI cdm hdn Nguy6n-Binhdd 16n cldn cao d6 trong hing ngfl tD nhin, n6n Nguy6n-BinhdA bi tn nhAn trDm chdn diinh hQi chq ddn phii hrl mQt conm5t.

Ndm 1945, Srr cloin Sao trdng cria V[-Kim-Thinh hoatdQng d Ti6n Y€n (M6ng Cdi), Nguy6n-Binh nhQn lQnh cfaphe CQng Sin tim dfi moi phrrong kd dd ph6 hoai SU doinndy. Ddn thrlng 8-1945, drroc lQnh cria D6ng TrUdng Tntdng-Tfi-Anh, StI doin Sao tr6ng dd k6o vd phdi hgp ctng hJclrrgng cria Chidn khu Lac TriQu trong kd hoach tidn chidm

94* IIIANH-IAP V,t PtttulPdll

Ha NQi...Khi nhSm Si quan Trddng V6 bi Lac TriQu cluoctlng cfdng cho Chidn khu An Di6n lai c6 c6 mQt sd SI quantr6, tri thrlc cria SrI doin Sao trdng.

Odi vUng cho Nguy6n-Binh, drra Nguy6n-Binh vdo Nam,H6-Chi-Minh cbn c6 muc dich girip cho Nguy6n-Binh tdyx6a di nhfrng hinh dQng, trr trrdng bi di hdn ha d Ti6n YCnMOng Crii. Kh6ng ngd khi vio Nam, hic ddn thlm Trungdoin 25AB, Nguy6n-Binh lai b6t g4p nhfrng khu6n m{t trithfc tr6 cria Srl cloin Sao trdng d Ti6n YCn' DQc hai hdn nfrald hAu hdt c6c nan nh6n cria Nguy6n-B)nh 6 COn D6o laicflng c6 m{t trong b0 Chi huy cria Trung doin 25.4.8, til 6nggid Tin, k! stlPhan-Kh6c-Sfiu, Hulnh-VIn-Thio (tr1c GirioTh6o), Trdn-Qudc-Bt?u, Vdn-Ng6 ddn Bii-Hr1u-Phi€t,Nguy6n-vf,n-Tai (Thanh-Tai).... Bi mflc cim tQi 16i cQng th6mvdi bdt d6ng ch6nh kidn tld bidn thhnh mQt srtclm thi tQt d0,til tl6 Nguy6n-Binh tim dfi moi c6ch dd triQt ha Trung dohn25AB.

Cudi nem 1946, Nguy6n-Binh dd tim cdch m6c ndi vdiS6u "Xdch-X6ng" (Chef de Section) mQt thuQc ha cfia MudiTri Trung dodn 4 Binh Xuy0n vh ra gir{ li: Ndu h4 silt drlocBiri-Hru-PhiQt vn b5t drrgc rgn BQ Chi huy cria Trung doin25AB thi Nguy6n-Binh sC trong thrl8ng 20.000 ddng vi choldm TrJ lQnh cria Trung ilodn 25AB. Nguy6n-Binh cld dUatn/dc cho Siiu "Xdch-X6ng" 5.000 d6ng vd mQt khdu NgUabay dd goi ld tidn ddt cgc...

Mddi Tri vd BUi-Hfu-PhiEt bidt duoc 6m mrru ndy rdittrdng kdtuu tcd, lQp kdho4ch du Nguy6n-Binh ddn Bdn LbDudng tr€n s6ng Vhm C6 DOng. Ddn noi, S6u "Xdch-X6ng"ra hiQu cho Nguy6n-Binh rE vdo mQt ng6i Midu cd, noi dAymQt xa th,i tr6 tudi trCn tay cdm mOt khdu Colt 11,45 xudt

DAr-uET ordc-oAu-sAuc *9s

hi6n, Nguy6n-Binh hdn nhanh tay nit sfng, nhung m6t vi6ndan d6 tning vdo b6 vai, m6t vi6n khilc tning vio nguc tr6i vi4 vi6n tning bung...Nguy6n-Binh dd ng6 ngira nim tr6n sdngach rOu dd phri xanh, xa thri cfrng mudn b6n cho y ph6t 6nhu6 nhrrng lai c6m th6'y kh6ng cAn vi hoi tin iic....

D6m VQ si cfia Nguy6n-Binh chi cdn bidt khiCng xr{cNguy6n-B)nh xudng xudng rdi nit lui nhanh, Nguy6n-BinhnXm ngfia tr6n xu6ng chdn v6n cdn d6y dua, chidc xu6ng lotvdo vdng phuc kich ctia Trung dodn 25AB, nlm tron trongtdm cria Dai li6n Maxim's, xa rhri dai li6n xin l6nh khai h6a,LLIu-Nhdt TLrlenh ph6 buQr mi6ng n6i kh6: .,kh6ng cdn! ddusao chdng nfra chring ta cfng n0n dd Nguy6n-Binh du-o. c ch6ncdt chrl kh6ng ddn n6i ph6i "md t6m,,.... Nhd c6 Biic siNguy6n-Vin-Hddng r6n rinh chfra rri qua cuQc giii phdu ddnl2 gid hdn vd phdi di6u drrdng 6 th6,ng, Nguy6n-Binh ddthor4t chdt.

H. CHIEN.KHU GO.CONG

Nam 1947, vi iip lrrc qudn srI cria phrip gia tf,ng, vi€cgiao thOng, tidp v6n g4p nhidu rrd ngai kh6 khdn. Do d6 xrt'b0 Mi6n Nam dd quydt thinh l6p chidn khu Gd C6ng doding vi0n Dtldng Binh Quydn gifrnhi6m vu chi huy-rn/dng.ftm hoat d6ng cria chidn khu niy lan r6ng ddn Rilng S6c.Cudi nam 1948, lttc lugng cria chidn khu dd nit ddn ud metBinh Qudi (gAn Hing Xanh). Ddn ndm 1949 thi tQp trung vddd thinh l0p chidn khu An Thdnh.

r. su PHAT-TRTEN CUA Xu-B0 ]\/tEru-ruaM THEODIA PHUdNG

Tdt cir ci{c d6ng vi€n do Ding Tntdng Truong-Tfr-Anh

96* IHANTI-IAp Vn pnturrpntl

ph6i vio Midn Nam hic ban dAu ddu t{p trung hoat dQngph6t tridn cd sd manh m6 6 c6c ving l6n cfln Sii Gdn ChdLdn nhU: Thri Drfc, Bi6n Hda, HiQp Hda, T6n An, Vflng Tdu.Ddn khi BO dQi An Di6n vi Chidn khu An Didn dugc thinhlQp, hAu hdtcdctldng vi6n c6 khi nf,ng quAn sr,f ddu tQp trung,6 Ct id, khu An Didn. Nhtrng ndi md BQ DQi An Di6n cl6ngqudn thi ciic ding vi6n phu tr6ch v€ viQc phrit tridn D6ngpnai to vfln dQng qudn chring, phd bidnvd tuy6n truydn frtdngidi,.t,i ngtiia.,iu Oeng, nhflng vung dy dtlgc gqi ld Tidu khutrong hQ tt d"g Chidn khu An Di6n bao gdm ci mQt l6nh thdr6ng tOn ttVfing Tdu Bi Ria 16n ddn D6ng Th6-p Mrrdi LongRn qua ddn Gd C6ng D6ng Thdnh. Nhffng Tidu khu mh cdsd Ding tudng ddi vitng ch6c ld: Binh Thung, Chbi Mbi, RachRit, Bdi Ldi, Qu6o Ba. Song song vdi viQc hoat dQng vi ph6ttridn c0a BO dOiAn Di6n, Xf b0 NamViQt cdn chia ra thdnhkhu vrJc dd cric ding vi6n trong Xrl b0 dim tr6ch viQc phdttridn co s6. Khu vdc Cdn Tho qua VTnh Long xudng ddn CdMau do c6c tl6ng vi6n: Pham-Dang-Cinh (r1c Bdy Cinh),L6-Qudc-Hrlng (k! stlPhan-Th6ng-Th6o), Hoii Sdn (Ung-Ngqc-Nghla), Pham-Thtii (Nguy6n-Ngoc-T6n, Thiiiqud)...khu vtlc Bi€n Hda Thfi Dfc Bd Ria do HDng Nguy6nNguy6n-Ngoc-Huy thtldng vd hoat dQng xdy dr/ng hq tdng 6vlng que quan mn UyCn. Tidn si Ludt-Khoa Nguy6n-T6'n-Thinh (Tin) cfing xu6i ngrldc lo ph6t tridn co sd 6 ving Bi6nHda vd Sdigdn. Khu vgc Thy Ninh, Nguy6n-T6n-Hodn lophq gifp ph6t tridn co s6 Eing tr) nhtrng ngrrdi thdn thuQc'i<t u uUi iong Xuy6n ChAu Ddc dAn vd sau Trdn-v[n-Xu6n(Xudn rdu) nhe ,d cOng ti{c quin srr 6 c6c Tidu khu trongChidn khu An Didn thudng vd virng Thdt Ndt @ong Xuy6n)ndi qud qu6n dd 1o viQc chi clao ph6t tridn Ding. Khu vuc GdC0ng DOng Thdnh c6 cdc dingviOn: L6-Vbn-HiQP (Gid HiQp)'Nguy6n-D[ng-Xinh (Mudi M6n)...

oAr-uET orIic.oAu.oAuc *97

Co quan ng6n lu{n c6ng khai thdi bdy gid li b6o:-DudcViQt- Thanh Ni6n (1948-1950)- Tg-Quydt (1953-19s4)

B6o bi mflt gdm c6:- SaoTrdng (1947)-D+iviet (t948-7949)- SinhT6n (1950-1951)

98* m NH-14\p VApHATTIpIEN

B6C.SI DANG.VU.TAC

&Boc-Si e0u-HIEP

DaruET oudc-oAr-sArc *99

&Nguy6n-T6n-Hoin L€-Ihdng Phan-Huy-Glurit

D4ng-Vff-Tffi(1944)

100* rrANrr-rAp vA pnAr-rprdn

Gi6o-HocHoing-Kim-Giai

Nfr D6ng-Vi6nDdng-Thi-ICri6m(Ba ca T6) 1950

oar-v! Er or.Ot-oA r-sArc * r0]

Tru6c HQi tnrdng TYnh b0Ph( Y6n Thr{ng 2-1974T'I Trdi sang ph6i:- Nguy6n-Tu-Khoa- Nguy6n-Quang-Minh- Cu Truong-B0i-Hodng- Gi6o Str Hulnh-TO

Hoi-trudng cria Tinh Ding s DVQDD Phf y6n - Mta Xudn ndm 1978

102* rnAun+Ap vA pnnt-rcdn

MOt budi sinh hoat tai Tru s& Chi BQ DAug tru&ng DVQDD n[m 1970

MOt budi sinh hoat thudng k) cria Khu b0 Nam California DVQDDtai Santa Ana ngiy 03-3-1994

oeFuET ouOc-oAr-sAtc *,r03

D6ng k! cfia DAr vtFr eudc oA.Nr pANc- Ddng Trudng: Trudng-Tf-Anh- Chti Ngtria : Ddn T'Qc Sinh Tdn

Ddng k! cfia rraAr TRAN eu6c oAN oANc- Chri tich : Truong-Tfi-Anh- Chri Ngtiia : Ddn T6c Sinh T6n

x Ding kj, cria vEf Nnrr4 eUdC nAr.r pANC- Ddng Ttudng: Nguy6n-Th6i-Hoc- Chrl Ngtria : Tam DAnx Ddu hi6u bu6c 6 tay trong cu6c khdi nghia 1930li:

Nfia tl6. nfla vdng chay doc.( Th eo N guy I n-Thi i - H o c. N h tong -Tdng, t rang 7 l,ditng 1 1 yd 12. trang 77, ddng 5).

r04* rnAun+4.p vA pttAtmdu

YAN I'AM

@ $'ehWacfp0f00c.

guirsr6ffi@Nqmilrnh

ouireriv

. ft, C,icia Qudc06n Qudn ' \

- & got o,h g,fu @c,lAn Q16n,6, q n g qian vd Ph c! p 7

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Df, I-vGT otdc-oAru-oilrc * ros

e??[o"rE 2

NCOAr-CrAO TA flAr-r{COAr

105 * N@ArcI^ov,rnfuico^t

oN-uE-T ordc-oAu-oAnc * r07

GIAO.THIEP VOITRUNG.HOA DAN.AU6C

Tuy€n ng6n Cht nghla Ddn tQc Sinh t6n (10-12-1938)vd Tuy6n cilo Qudc DAn (1939) cria Dai ViOt qudc Ddn Dingddu c6 minh dinh:

"...Ddi voi vi6c gi6i ph6ng qudc gia, chring ta khOng thdtin dttoc m6t ciich mO mu6i th c6 mQt d6n tQc nio vi lbng vitha, vi Chri nghia cao thr/dng mi hy sinh xr/dng mi{u cfia ndigidng hq dd mang sr/ DQc l{p giao tri cho ta."

"Chfng ta phii nhdn thrlc rXng tr6n lQp tnldng Qudc td,gifta ci{c Qudc gia chi cd quy6n v} tQi mi th6i. Hhnh dQngcria nUdc ndy ddi vdi cdc nUdc kh6c khdng ngodi muc dichay.

"Qudc dAn ta ph6i hidu 16 rhng: Xdy drlng lai ndn trlchricho nUdc non Dai Viet la bdn phfln thiOng li6ng cria ngrldiViCt, chi c6 ta mdi thdc ldng vi sU sdng cdn vd hanh phric ctiata md th6i, i lai vdo ngrldi, tin d ngrldi ld ddt nhau vio condudng di6t vong.."

"Hi6n thdi, tuy thdluc cfia nudc Phr{p tr6n ddtnudc ta cl6gdn bi ti6u diQt h8n, nhrlng c6c hidm ffqng cria m6t cuQc d6h0 kh6c chua hd xa ta. Ta phii gdp tU gdy ldy mQt thrlc lttcmanh m€, cld diet rU nhf,ng kd hoach cria cudng qudc ndobdn nu6i cdi dd t6m xdm lttoc vi lim hdu thuin cho m6t

108 *\9

NGOATCnO VA HAI-NGOAI

chinh sSch ngoai giao..."

Vh Tuy6n ng6n Chri nghla Ddn tQc Sinh tdn (10- 12-1938)cring dd n€u 16 "...C6c Chfi nghla Cing hda DAn chii I ThUysl, Chri nghTa Phdt-Xit 6 Y, Cnri nghia Qudc xd il Dtic, Chringtria COng Sdn d Nga, Chri nghTa Tam Ddn d Tdu..'ddukh6ng thich hop vdi dAn ta c6...''

Nhu vAy b6n trdi Thy, Drlc va.i ddu khOng thich rlng vdiDai ViQt Qudc DAn D6ng. Vd phia Vi6n D6ng, Nhat B6n laicd v5 cho lf thuydt Dai D6ng A nhXm thm brl chfi vr)ng AChAu. Do d6 dudng ldi cria phe Truc @fc-Y-Nh{t) hodntc,dn khri: biQt vdi Dai Viet Qudc DAn Eing.

Tir ngdy thdnh 1$p, Eai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding c15 li6n hQ

vrli phe D6ng minh qua trung gian c[ra Trung Hoa D0n Qudc,ui nhi6u mdi lien lac kh6c, nhrlng c1a5u vdi tinh chdt cuc b6, 16

16...

T)nh hinh chidn sdndm 1945 dlbSo hi6u ld Chidn tranhThd gidi Thrl hai s6p cltdm dllt. D6 ld co hOi dd cho c6c ddntOc nhrlcJc tidu ving 16n trJ gi6i ph6ng.

Vd phia Trung Hoa DAn Qudc, mudn kh6i phuc lai 6nhhrrdng trong vDng A Cnau ng6 hdu dfi tdm v6c md ri'ng ph6vdi nhiing bidn chuydn sdp ddn.

Trung KhSnh mudn dat mdi li6n hQ tnrc tidp vdi ci{c qudcgia ving A Cnau da bi Nhat tranh tloat nhdt ld tai ViQt Nam.

Trong qu6 trinh phrit tridn cria Dai Vi€t Qudc Ddn D6ng,c<i nhi6u Chi b0 drroc thdnh lQp cho nhfrng ngtldi ViQt laiHoa. Khi NhQt chidm dSng ViQt Nam, c6 r{tnhidu ngrrdi ViQt

Dfl-vE-T ondc-oAn-oAruc * 109

lai Hoa aa Ui Uidn binh NhAt bdt gir vd tQi Didm Chi Vi6ncria lrlc hlQng D6ng minh. Tidng n6i cria cdc CdpBO Eai ViQtQudc Ddn Ding v5n c6 dri srlc dd dem l4i tg do cho c6cD6ng vi6n gdc ld ngudi Hoa ki6u dy. Nhidu vu lai 1i6n hQddn dudng ldi, chidn lrtoc cria Tring Kh6nh, til tl6 viQc giaotidp gifla Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ddng vd Trung Ift6nh th6m d6dhng hon. PhAn nhidu ld do srr 1i6n quan giita cdc Chi bOngrldi Viet lai Hoa, nhdt ld c6c Chi b0 H6i Phbng, Dh N6'ng,Cho Ldn, Qui Nhon...

Edn dAu ndml945,chinh phri Trl6ng-Gi6i-Th4ch (TrDngKh6nh) dd th6a thudn d6n tidp mQt Ph6i dodn Ngoai giaocta LrJc hlgng Ciich mang DAn tQc Vi6t Nam drrgc thinh lQpngay tr€n l6nh thd ViQt Nam.

Ngdy 12-04-1945, D4i ViQt Qudc DAn Ddng tl6 grli mQtPh6i clodn Ngoai giao sang Trung Hoa Ddn Qudc 0d daidi€n cho L{c hlong Ciich mang cria DAn tQc Viet Nam. Ph6idodn ndy gdm c6: Biic sI Nguy6n-Tidn-Hf (Phan-Trdm),Tnldng Phiii dohn, Bdc si D[ng-V[-Tn/ phu t6 cing c6c thhnhvi0n ld Nguy6n-Son-H6i, Pham-C6nh-Hohn, Nguy6n-Dfnh-Qudc, Phan-85-Trong, NguySn-S1-Dzinh... Ph6i cloin xudtngoai bhng dudng H6 Ki6u, C6n Minh, TrDng Kh6nh;TrirngKhdnh hic b6'y gid ln Thfi dO Khrlng chidn cfia Trung HoaDAn Qudc. Vta sang ddn bi6n gidi ld phia Trung Hoa DAnQudc da ddn hdt moi cdgdng dd ydm rd cho Phili doin, n6nPh6i doin dd vrldtqua hdt moi trd ngai vd thri tuc ngoai giao.

Khi Phdi doin gh6 lai C6n Minh, c6 cdc 6ng V[-H6ng-Khanh, Nguy6n-TrIdng-Tam, L6-Khang, Nghidm-rcd-fdcDng thrlp ting dd l€n Trung Khrinh.

' Ddn Tring Khiinh, Thdng Chd Tudng-Gidi-Th4ch vQi

ilo * \?NGOAICI^O VA HAI-NGOAI

vdng gili ngay gidy mdi Ph6i clodn vio dinh dd hQi kidn. TrungLlong Trung Hoa Qudc DAn Ding thdn hdnh lo v6 moi nghithrfc, thri tuc trong cuQc tidp kidn ndy vi Phrii dodn v6n cdn lhcria Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn D6ng, m6t Chinh Ding cfia DAn tQcVi6t Nam. Trong cuOc hOi kidn, Thdng Chd Trrdng-Gidi-Thach t6 16 srJhAn hoan, ph6'n khdi khi gap duoc nhfrng chidnsT Cdch mang Viet Nam dd tnrc tidp cing nh0n d0n Vi6t Namchidn ddu ctd tranh thri dQc lQp, Thdng che Trtdng-Gidi-Thachnh5c ddn lich sfi cria hai d6n t6c ViQt-Trung vi nhSn nhfirhng: Ph6i dodn ddn d6y ld mQt sti "trd vd" cria d6n tQc ViQtNam ddi vdi ndi cQi gdc ld din tQc Trung Hoa. Tddng ThdngChd dAt nhi€u kj, vong d sd "trd vd" dy vh cam kdt se ydm trdcho Cdch mang ViQt Nam m6t ciich tdi da trong tinh huynhde.

Thdng ChdTudng-Gidi-Thach c0ng vdn an, truy6n trbvdi tfing thdnh vi6n trong Phr{i doin vd dd hdt ldi khen ngdiB6c sI Dang-Vfl-Trf cho ld mQt nhd Ngoai giao th6ng minhvir tr6 trung nhdt thdi b6'y gid. Thdng ChdTudng-Gidi-Thachhfa sE gidi thieu C5ch mang Vi€t Nam vdi c6c nrrdc ddngminh vd gigc ViQt Nam hdy gdi ga'p m6t Phrii clodn sang ddcirng vdi Trung Hoa DOn Qudc di San Francisco (USA) cudinam 1945 drl HOi nghi Qudc tdthdnh l{p Li6n Hi6p Qudc.

B6c sr Nguy6n-Tidn-H! nhAn danh Tnrdng Phrii ctodnda khi6m tdn, lich srr dr{p til, nOu l6n nhfrng n6t chinh ydu criaDai Vi6t Qudc Diin Ding vh t6 y mong mudn c6 srJ trd hlcc6ng bXng cria Trung Hoa Qudc Ddn Ddng ddi vdi CachmangViQt Nam.

Ph:ii dodn cflng Cltloc c6cviBQ-Tnrdng vd cdc ydu nh6nTrung Qudc tidp dai ni6m nd nhu ciic 6ng: Trdn-L6p-Phu,Trd n-Thd nh, Trd n- Khil nh-Vd n, Tnldn g-Tri-Trun g, Trinh-

DAr-vrET oudc-oAu-oiue *lll

Tidm, Chu-Gia-Hoa, Tnldng-Dao-Pha, Vrldng-Thd-KiQt v.v...

Tidp theo, Ph6i dodn hOi ddm vdi Ban Chdp hdnhTrungrldng Ddng bO Trung Hoa Qudc Ddn D6ng vd ciic cd quanqudn sU cria Trung Qudc.

CuQc h6i dim ndy do Bi thrl Tn/6ng Trung Hoa QudcDAn D6ng Ng6-Thidt-Thdnh chri toa.

Phia Trung Hoa cam kdt sE ydm trd qudn sUbXng c6chtrang bi cho Qudn dQi Crich mang ViQt Nam crlm5i tamcdnguyQt ld mQt Tidu doln. Qudn dQi Trung Hoa cEng thuydttrinh cho Phdi dodn sd lltdc vd nhffng kdhoach tdng qudt ctiachrlong trinh Hoa qudn nhQp ViQt.

Dd kdt thric cu6c hOi dhm {y,Bithtrtnrdng Ng6-Thidr'Ihinh dd hAn hoan mdi vi hrrdng d5n Ph6i doin ddn thimvd khio s6t ci{c cd quan vdn h6a, giiio duc, c5c Tnldng Daihoc, ciic Tftldng chuy€n m6n, XUdng in gidy bac, C6ng xUdng,Y vi6n... Ngdy h6m sau Trung rldng Ding b6 Trung HoaQudc DAn Ding chinh thrlc mdi Ph6i dodn Dai ViQt QudcDAn D6ng dU dA ydn, tham d{ da ydn gdm ddy dri cdc vi BQTrudng trong chinh phfi drrong thdi vd cdcvirlai diQn c6c cdquan trong ydu.

Bi thu tnldng Ng6-Thidt-Thdnh nhAn danh Trung HoaQudc DAn Ding chio mrYng ct.c vi quan kh6ch, chio milngPh6i dodn Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding (Crich m4ngViQt Nam)vd m6t ldn nfra cdu chric cho Phiii dodn cfing nhtrci Ddn tQcViQt Nam duoc nhi6u may mdn tr6n dudng phuc hrrngxrlsB.Bi thu tnrdng Ng6-Thidt-Thdnh nhSc lai ldi cria Tu6ng TtrdngChd v6 Hch sfi cria hai DAn t6c vd srr trldng quan gifia haibdng C6ch mang (ViQtTrung).

il2 * \'NGOAIChO VA flAI-NGOAI

B iic si Nguy6n-Tidn-Hf (Phan-Tr0m) nhAn danh Tru6n gPhrii doin d6 trinh trong dilp til ng6 y mong dqi srI trd lUc

ch6n thinh cria Trung Hoa Qudc Ddn Ding dd Oan tQc ViQtNam s6m hodn thhnh duoc nhi6m vu phuc qudc ng6 hdu tdnguy thd cho hai Ddn tQc anh em.

Trong budi d4 y€n c6rc vi B0 trddng, cilc vi6n chrlc criaTrung Hoa Qudc DAn E6ng t6 ra rt't ni6m nd, tham h6i, ilimdao vdi tilng thinh vi6n cria Ph6i doin Dai ViQt Qudc DAnDing. Phii chlng Ph6i rloin dd ddn dring lfc, dring phrrongvi vd dring trr c6ch trong thdi clidm md c6 Trung Hoa DdnQudc clang ngSng nhin v6 Vi€t Nam.

Khi Phrti doin Dai ViQt Qudc DAn Ding dang sfia soantrd vd C6n Minh thi Bi thutrudng Ng6-Thidt-Thdnh l4i mdiPh6i clodn ddn hop vdi Trung trdng Ding b6 cria Trung HoaQudc Ddn D6ng. CuQc hop ndy c0ng do Bi thdtrudng Ng6-Thidt-Thanh chti tga nhhm xilc nhdn lai nhtrng didu cam kdtgiffa chinh quydn Trung Hoa DAn Qudc, cria Trung Hoa QudcDAn D6ng vdi Phrii dodn cria Dai ViQt Qudc Din Ding.

Phia Trung Hoa DAn Qudc clng nhdc lai f dinh cfiaTudng Thdng Chd la Dai Viet Qudc Ddn Ding n6n sdm lQpmOt Phrii dodn tAm cd qudc tddd cDng Trung Hoa DAn Qudcdi dU HOi nghr Qudc td 6 San Francisco (USA) thinh lQpLi6n HiQp Qu6'c. HQi nghi dy dU tri sE hop vdo cudi n[mt945.

Phi6n hqp da kdt thtic trong su bii ngDi, luydn tidc cfiaTrung Hoa Qudc Ddn Ddng ti6n biQt Phr{i dodn Dai ViQtQudc Ddn D6ng tr6 v6 nudc.

Trong khi Ph6i dohn D4i ViQt Qudc DAn Ding dang hQi

Dfl-uE-T orfc-oAu.sAue *113

hqp d Trirng Khrinh thi mQt Ph6i doin cria ViQt Minh CQngSin cflng len 16i vrldt bi6n gidi xin duQc l6n TrDng Kh6nh,nhrlng dd bi chinh quy6n Trung Hoa Ddn Qudc chdn lai viAudi v6 nrldc. Vd sau nhd sd can thiQp v6n dQng cria m6tnhAn vdt thi€n COng d TrDng Khdnh, mQt Phr{i cloin cria Vi6tMinh CQng S6n cfing l6n tdi duqc TrUng Kh6nh, nhUng chiduoc ciic vi6n chri'c cd'p nh6 tidp tl6n qua loa rdi cfing bi kevd nudc. Nhfrng ndm ddu cfia thflp ni6n 40, Trung Hoa QudcDAn Ding buQc tdt ci c|,c ngudi Vi6t Nam ltnr vong 6 TrungHoa ddu phii hoc tQp Chri nghia Tam Din cria T6n-\hn.Hd-Chi-Minh duoc vi6n Chinh riy cfia Trung Hoa Qudc D6nDdng d Li6u Chdu ln Hdu-Chi-Minh d4y vi hrldng d6n tQpluy6n vd tnai crrc quydn ntra. Nhd sUtQn tinh gi6ng day n6nH6-Chi-Minh dd hidu drroc phAn ndo v6 tinh mr viQt cria tinhthAn D0n tOc vi vi thd tudng lai sau Dai chidn cfia TrungHoa DAn Qudc. \n vay mn H6-Chi-Minh cdb6m sdt TrungHoa Ddn Qudc. Sau niy chinh H6-Chi-Minh dd chon ri6ungfr "D6c lQp, TU do, Hanh phric" kEm theo vdi t6n nrldc lidd n6i l6n sr-I tri 6n tldi vdi b6c thAy ld Hdu-Chi-Minh vi cdnc6 dung f li lde bip c:ic nhin v6t Trung Hoa Qudc Dln Ding.Vi Ti6u ngfr dy ld cfia Chri nghia Tam Ddn.

Bidt drroc vi€c d6n tidp vd hQi tldm giita D4iViQt QudcDAn D6ng vd Trung Hoa Qudc DAn Ding, Dai sf Ph6p 6TrDng Khrlnh dd chinh rhfc phin ddi chinh pht Trung HoaDdn Qudc. Phia Trung Hoa DAn Qudc thi cho tl6 chi ld nhiihgc6ng viOc c6 muc dich kh6ng NhQt mi th6i.

l14 *\9

NCONCIAO VA HA]-NGOAI

^aataII. VIEC THONG.NHAT CAC DANGtr

CACH-MANG VIET-NAM

Sau tr6n ChAu C6ng (07-12-1941), ving Hoa Nam ddtr6 thinh cdc cdn cr1 tlia cfia Ddng Minh (QuAn dQi My).D6ngTrudngTruong-Tfi-Anhdd phrii nhidu C6nb0 ddn vingniy dd d4t nhtrng ndn m6ng cho Ding. Nhrrng mdi ddn ddundm 1943, V[-Vdn-Hii mdi vtldt bi6n gidi sang ddn Hoa Namli6n l4c duoc vdi hAu hdt c6c doin thd chinh tri cria ngrrdiViQt Nam dang hoat dQng tai C6n Minh.

Ddn khi thdnh lQp Phrii dodn ngo4i giao cli sang TrungQudc, Ding TnIdng Tnldng-Tr?-Anh dd giao tr6ch nhiQm choD4ng-V[-Tru vd Ph4m-Cinh-Hoin ph6i quan tdm hodn tdtc6ng viQc thdng nh{t c6,c Ding C6ch mang ViQt Nam danghoat dQng 6 hii ngoai vdi Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn D6ng.

Ddn thr{ng 5-lg45,trong cu6c g?p gO ddu ti6n giffa B6csiNguy6n-Tidn-Hf vi Nguy6n-Tttdng-Tam d gai Khai-Vi6n.B6c si Nguy6n-Tidn-Hf da trinh bdy cho Nguy6n-Tudng-Tam 16 v6 nhffng didm bi ydu ctia c6c Chinh Ding 6 qudcnOi; Dd th8ng th6n duyQt lai qu6 trinh phrit tridn cia Dai ViQtDdn Chinh t4i qudc nOi. Tr] ngdy Nguy6n-Trldng-Tam phdilrtu vong ddn nay, Dai ViQt DAn Chinh t4i qudc n6i kh6ngphrit tridn dugc, chi quanh qudn trong gi6i Van hoc vd NghQsi, trong hdng ng0 tri thrlc md thOi. Nguy6n-Trrdng-Tam clngc6ng nhdn mQt Chinh Ding nhrlv6y ld khOng c6 quAn chfng,chi c5 BO dAu n6o 15nh dao. Phii c6 stI g6p srlc chung cria

Dfl-vrE-T odc-oAH-oAuc *ils

nhi6u lrrc lrrong kh6c nfa mdi ldnh <l4o dtlgc quAn chring.Nhin vd qudc nQi, ViQt minh CQng Sin dang loi dgng danhnghla ViQt Nam Ciich mang Ddng minh hQi, mOt Mat Tr{nDodn kdt cria nhi6u dodn thd Ci{ch mang Viet Nam 6 haingoai.

Ngay trong lAn gdp gd dAu ti6n niy, Nguy6n-Trldng Thmdd cam kdt vdi B6c sI Nguy6n-Tidn-Hf li vd sau sE kh6ngbao gid sft dung danh xrlng Dai ViQt Ddn Chinh ntra.

Tidp ddn m6t cu6c h6i nghi thldc triQu tQp gdm c6:Nguy6n-Tidn-Hf , Vfi-Hdng-Ift anh, Nghi6m-Kd-Td, Dang-Vfi -Tnl, Nguy6 n-TrIdng-Thm, Vt-Qu ang-Phdm, Pham-Canh-Hodn... HQi nghi cl6 nh6n dinh k! ludng vd tinh hinh C6chm4ng ViQt Nam, phdn t6ch vd s{ ph6t tridn cria phong trdoCQng Sin d Trung Hoa DAn Qudc vi ViQt Nam. D4ng-V0-Tnl n€u l6n tinh hinh Qudc CQng t4i Trung Hoa sau thdi kyLi6n Nga dung CQng cta TOn-DOt-Ti6n. Trong c6ng cuQcchdng Nhat, CQng S6n Trung Hoa dd kh6ng thQt tdm dodntdt v0i Trung Hoa Qudc D0n Ddng. Ph4m-Khdi-Hodn itdcQp ddn nhu cAu cdp thidt cria vi€c Dai-Doin-Kdt, mudn kdthop todn d6n trddc hdt chring ta phii c6 mQt c6i sudn chti chdtcfia srldodn kdt rQng l6ndy,c6i srldn Dai Dodn Kdt{y chringta dd, c6, d6 ld Viet Nam Cilch m4ng D6ng minh HQi. NhtrnghiQn thdi dd bi phe CQng Sin H6-Chi-MinhV6-Nguy6n-Gi6ploi dung. Ndu ViQt Nam Qudc Ddn Ddng kh6ng sdm tho6t rakh6i thi sE bi ddng h6a.

HQi nghi cfing tl6 cQp <ldn danh xrlng vi Qudc hiQu, todnthd hQi nghi ddu c6ng nhQn rXng: Qudc hiQu Dei ViQt khidnngtri ddn LC Lqi, Quang Trung, ngtri rtdn viQc ddi 14i LudngQu6ng. Vua Nhd Thanh chi vi nr/dc Nam ViQt ngiy xrla libao gdm cd ving Lddng Qudng md dd d6o ngtlQc qudc hiQu

il6*\9

NCOATCTAO YA nAI-NGOAI

cria Vua Gia-Long ra thanh VIET NAM. Vdi qudc hiQu D,{.IVtEt sd rhng Trung Hoa Qudc DAn D6ng ngdy nay khdngqu6n drloc nhfrng bii hqc lich sfi. Hdn nffa tr6n todn thdgi6ingiy nay, nhdt li Trung Hoa DAn Qudc dd qu6 quen thuQcvdi hai chfrViQt Nam. Do nhfrng nhdn x6t, phdn tich n6u tr6ntrong hi6n tinh thdi bdy gid. HQi nghi dd quydt dinh:

1) Kd tU nay ba Ddng Ciich mang ViQt Nam: Eai ViQtQudc Ddn Ddng, ViQt Nam Qudc Ddn Eing, Dai ViQt DdnChinh kdt hgp 14i thlnh mQt td chrlc duy nhdt.

DD€ ti6n viQc ngoai giao mh cfrng gdi dtrgc tinh thAn tgchri cria qudc d6n, danh xrrng cria td chrlc c6 hai cdch:

* Tai hii ngoai, nhdt li Trung Hoa Ddn Qudc, td chfcduQc mQnh danh ld: Viet Nam Qudc Ddn Ding c6 ngtria h tdchrlc C6ch mang cria ngudi ViQt Nam.

* Tai qudc nOi, chi ding mQt Ding danh duy nhdt Ii Daiviet Qudc Ddn Ding.

Sau khi tl6 d4t dtlgc nhf,ng th6a hiQp vd cam kdt vdiThdng Ctrd tttdng-Gidi-Thach vi Trung Hoa Qudc DdnDdng, tai Trirng Khiinh, Ph6i rtodn Dai ViQt Qudc DAn Dingdd mdi c6c vi dai diQn cria ViQt Nam Qudc D6n Ding vd DaiViQt DAn Chinh tldn dg mQt phi€n hop chung kdt. Phi€n hqpniy drlQc goi ti HQi nghi TrDng Khilnh 1945 cria Ci{ch mangViQt Nam gdm c6: Nguy6n-Tidn-H!, D{ng-Vu-TnI, V[-Hdng-Khanh, Nguy6n-Tudng-Tam, Ph4m-Cinh-Hoiri, Nguy6n-Sdn-H6i, Vfr -Quang-Phdm, Nghi6m-Kd-Td, Nguy6n-Dinh-Qudc, Nguy6n-S1-Dzinh, Phan-B6-Trong v.v...

HQi nghiTrirng Kh6nh 1945 (th6ng 5 ndm 1945) c6 mucdich duyQt x6t lai nhf,ng didu cam kdt vd viQc thdng nhdt baDing C6ch mang ViQt Nam dd d4t dugc trong cdc phi6n hqptnrdc, <l6ng thdi quydt tlinh vd Df,ng kj', Ding ca... Ba DingCilch mang ViQt Nam, Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding, ViQt Nam

DAr -u E-T oudc-oAu -oAu c * il7

Qudc Ddn D6ng, Eai ViQt Ddn Chinh Ding ddu drlQc thinhlflp vd khdi dAu td chrlc tr6n ldnh thd Viet Nam. Nhung vihoin c6nh lich sfi, t{t ci nhfrng l6nh tu hffu c6ng cta ViQtNam Qudc Ddn Ddng; ke bi tU tQi, lrru diy, ngrldi phii lrruvong b6n ba hdi ngoai... Dai ViQt DAn Chinh cfing vfly, khibi khring bd, Nguy6n-Trrdng-Thmchay thoi{tqua Trung Qudc,r6i cilc ddng chi cflng lAn ldn 15n thodt hodc mai danh dn tich.Ddn ndm 1945, chi c6 Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding li Ban Chdphdnh Trung tldng Ding bQ vdn cdn hiQn diQn vi di6u clQngsinh hoat manh me trong ldnh thd Vi6t Nam.

Eai dien cho ViQt Nam Qudc Ddn Ding gdm c6: V[-Hdng-Khanh, Nghi6m-Kd-Td, Vfr -Quang-Phdm... Dai diQ ncho Dai ViQt Ddn Chinh c6 l6nh tu s6ng l{p Nguy6n-Ttldng-Tam.

Tdtcirhai Phr{i dodn cfia Vi6t Nam Qudc DAn D6ng viDai Vi6t Din Chinh d6u d6ng thanh chdp nhfn kdt hop vdiDai ViQt Qudc Ddn D6ng dd c6 mQt td chri'c CSch mangViQtNam nhdt tri, manh mE tiltrong qudc nQi ra tQn hii ngoai.

Khi thio luOn vd viQc chon Ding k!,, Nguy6n-Tidn-Hfftinh bay 16 cd "Sao Trdng" (Theo y nguy6n vln cfia Hodng-Vf,n-Ddo, VNQDD trang}Zl): Ndn d6, vbng trdn xanh, Saotrdng;D4ng-Vfl-Tnlcdt nghla th6m v6 f nghia cfia Ding k!Dai ViQt Qudc D0n Ding, Ding-V0-TnIcbn cho bidt h hiQnthdi ngon cd Sao tr6ng ild duoc toin thd Ding vi6n Dai ViQtQudc DAn Ding sfidung rQng rdi kh6p ba k!'. Toin ddnViQtNam, nhdt ld thrJc d6n Ph6p, Ph6t-Xir NhQt rldu c6ng nhQnrXng chi c6 ngon cd Sao tr6ng ld bidu trrgng cria C6ch m4ngddn tOc tr6n 15nh thdViet Nam.

MQt sd Ding vi€n ViQt Nam Qudc DAn D6ng cria

1r8 * \9NGOATCI^OVAHAr-NGO r

Nguy6n-Thi{i-Hoc khi tdu tho6t clrroc sang Trung Qudc vditdm trang li ldn rdn, n6n ndu c6 sinh hoat c0ng kh6ng mudnkhoe tn/dng bXng b6ng hi6u, cd xi. Vl vay lii cd nffa cl6, nfiavdng cria ViQt Nam Qudc DAn D6ng Nguy6n-Thi{i-Hoc ddbi 16ng qu6n trong hdng ngii cdc D6,ng vi6n tdu tho6t, lrtuvong niy.

Bdi vQy D4ng-V0-Trrl dd nhQn x6t rhng: Vi€c sfl dungDdng kj, Sao tr6ng ti mQt hien trrQng phd qu6t tai ViQt Nam.Cdn cilc Ding k!'khr{c kh6ng ph6i ld hiQn trldng phd qu6t 6hii ngoai md lai cdn kh6ng phd qurit hon nf,a t4i ldnh thdVietNam.

Do d6 Phili dodn ViQt Nam Qudc Ddn Ddng vi Dai Vi6tQudc DAn Chinh ddu ch6'p nhfln srl dung Ding kj': Ndn cl6,vdng trdn xanh, Sao tr6ng. Chdp nhfn mQt hiQn trldng phdqu6t dd tr6nh vi6c gi6i thich, ptrd Uidn tdn thdi gid vi sinh ranhi6u nghi vt'n.

Cd Sao lr:ing dd drrgc sfi dung tr6n l6nh thd Trung HoaDAn Qudc, b6t dAu til cudi th6ng 5-1945.

Tdng kdt HQi nghi TrDng Kh6nh 1945 dA clat dudc haididmchinh:

1)DaiViQt Qudc DdnDing,ViQt Nam Qudc Ddn Ding,Dai ViQt DAn Chinh kdt hgp thdnh mQt td chrlc Ciich mangthudn nhdt vdi danh xdng:

* Trong qudc n6i: D4i ViQt Qudc Ddn D6ng* d nei ngoai (Trung Hoa): ViQt Nam Qudc DAn Ding.Z)Ddngk! ln: Ndn d6, vdng xanh, Sao tr6ng.

Hodn thdnh xong xf mQnh, Ph6i dodn Eai ViQt QudcDAn Ding lAn lrrgt l€n <Itrdng trd vd nrrdc dd 1o rlng ph6 cho

Dfl-vE-T ondc-oAru-sAuc *il9

kip thdi vdi tinh thd dang bidn chuydn qud nhanh ch6ng,nh6't ld lo vi€c td chrlc m6t Ph6i ctoin c6 tAm mric qudc tdOddi tham dlr HQi nghi San Francisco (USA) rhdnh lQp Li€nHi6p Qudc. Ri6ng Nguy6n-S1-Dzinh dudc biQr phrti d laiTrung Hoa dd 1o girip bQ ph{n hii ngoai vd kinh td.

Phr{i dodn ngoai giao trd vd ddn He NQi trinh bny nhilngthinh qui dat dugc, Ddng Trudng Trudng-Ttl-Anh rdt ldyldm vta f 1i6n cho bho dC ld Tnldng-Trl-Vinh vd thEng phfYCn xin Cu CdV6'n 16i Cao (Cu Tnrdng-BQi-Hoing) nhilng! kidn dd Ph6i doin di San Francisco ph6t bidu tnrdc HQinghi Qudc td thhnh lQp Li€n HiQp Qudc. Cu Cd vdn Tdi Caoda gfii ddn Ding Trtrdng Tnldng-Tfr-Anh nhtrng i kidn sauddv:

1) Dd cao vai trd D0n tQc trong sinh hoat qudc td.2) L€n iin vd nhfrng s{ giam cdm, tra tdn dE man phi

nhdn bdn cria chd d6 Thrrc d6n.3) Bai xich Ao mQng Dai d6ng, dd cao quan ni6m Tt?

Hii Giai Huynh DC cria DOng phuong.4) Tranh d6'u cho ciic quydn Tr/ do cdn bin.5) Ph6t huy Ng[ Quydn Hidn Ph6p thay cho Tam Quydn

phdn l{p cfia Thy phrrong.

Tai Hh NOi, Biic sIDdng-Vfr-L4c hdi hd lo v{n tlQng tnich6nh dd tni rrd cho Ph6i dodn di San Francisco, ri6ng mQtngudi em ho cfia Bdc siD4ng-V0-Lac li Bi Drlc-ThU D{ng-Thi-H6o dd tinh nguy6n cho mddn 30lang ving vi 100 ngincl6ng bac DOng Drlong thdi dy.

r20 * NGoAIChov,r nfulcoru

oat-uEorfc-ollaAre * rzr

o*%dhtE scO ciu cnirrfl-rRl TA quAi{-s0

122 * coclu cniunmr vAoUmoU

Dfl-uE-T orfc-oAu-oAnc * 123

t. cHtEr.r-KHu rEp <aAc elANe)

Vtng K6p d Tinh Bdc Giang li mQt ndi c6 dia thdtdt, laith€m noi d6 c6 mQt vi nhdn sl li Cu Vfi-Dinh-Huy6n, ngrldic5 khi phrich vi nhiQt rinh ddi vdi Crich mang, Cu rdt gh6tthrlc d6n Ph6p.Ngay trong thdi k! ngrldi Phdp cdn thinh tri,Cu dd Am thAm quy rU m6t sd thdn hdo, nhdn si xung quanhrld chd co hQi lim n€n vi6c nghia. Khi Dai ViQt eudc D6nD6ng ra ddi vdi Cht nghia Ddn rQc Sinh tdn chdng ei tdthuydt CQng S6n, giai cdp rldu tranh vh Dai ViQt Qudc DdnDing quydt tdm ddnh dudi thuc ddn Ph6p rtd rtem lai DQclflp, T{ do, Phri crldng cho Ddn t6c, n6n Cu Vti-Dinh-Huy6nld ngrldi htrdng tlng ndng nhiQt nhdt 6 trong vDng. Vi vQy misdd6ng vi6n Dai Viqt qudc Ddn Ding d vung K6p B{c Giangc6 hlgng vh phdm rdt cao.

Nlm 1940, quAn Nhar tren vio chidm L?ng Sdn, phucQudc Qudn dd vOi vdng xudt itdu lQ diQn rdi ph6i nhQn chiurhdr bai khi Nhar 116 th6a thu6n dtrdc vdi ph6p. D6u sao khithdvO trang cflng vang vong vd vdi Ving K6p Bdc Giang kdcdn ndy.

Trong nhfrng nd,m 1942-1943, khi sd ding vi6n D4i ViQtQudc Ddn E6ng <15 tdng l€n ddn mric lcf luc, Ding TrudngTnldng-Tfi-Anh cl6 ra lQnh v6 rrang bi mQt cho mQt sdOdngvi6n rrung ki6n... Ddn cudi n[m 1943 vi ddu nim 1944, h/clugng v6 trang ndy <15 l6n manh, trudng thdnh c6 thd chidmctl drroc mQt 16nh thd rQng ldn. Cudi ndm 1944, chinh D6ng

124 * coclu qrlmmlvrt oUNdU

Tnrdng Tnldng-Tff-Anh dd vd trgc tidp chung sdng cirng ci{cluc lrtong v6 trang nly vd chi dao, hudng ddn nhfrng didmchidn lrroc dd rlng ph6 vdi sr/ di6n bidn tinh hinh trong nhflngngiy sdp tdi.

Trong gong k6m gifla Thrrc ddn Ph6p vd Phdt-Xit Nh6t,c6c chidn si v6 trang cta Chidn khu K6p Bdc Giang dd dflngcim, muu tri vi quydn bidn 0d U6o vC Edng Trddng tnldc srI

uy hidp cria kB thi.

Ddn ngdy 09-03-1945, sau khi NhQt d6o chinh Phdp, CuV[-Dinh-Huy6n vdi chtlc vu Chti tich Ding b0 Dai ViQt QudcDdn Ddng d5 hoat dOng rt't manh mC trong khXp ba TinhBdc Ninh, Bdc Giang vi Lang Son.

Trq sd cria Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding de dat c6ng khai taiD6p cdu, sau ddi vd Tinh lY Bfc Giang.

Khi Qudc Ddn Qudn duqc chinh thrlc thinh l|p, t{t citlrrc lttgng v6 trang cria Chidnkhu K6p BXc Giang ld stlc manhchfi ydu cria Qudc Ddn Qudn chidm crl ba Tinh: BXc Ninh,Bic Giang vd Lang Sdn. CQng qu6n dd nhi6u lAn bao vAy vddiinh vio D6p cdu, nhrlng Qudc Ddn Qudn chidn dd'u anhdfing vd ddy lui mgi dQt xung phong cfia CQng qudn. CudicUn! C6ng quin dinh ph6i nit lui vd nhudng mqi quydn kidmso6t cho Qudc DAn Qudn.

Ddn thr{ng 7-l946,COng qu6n I4i drroc lQnh chung criaTrung ddng tidn d6nh Qudc Ddn Qudn, hic ndy Qudc D0nQudn cld drroc lrrc lrrgng cria Chidn khu Lac TriQu do TriQu-Giang tfc Tddng Pham-Cao-HDng ddn tdng cudng n6n ddd6ng cho COng qudn nhidu ran thdt di6n, b6t cl6o nhtt c6ctr{n Thdnh Lang Sdn, TrQn K}' Lila vho th6ng 8-1946. TrQn

DAI.VIET (lltrC.DAN.DANG * l2s

La Phiit vdo Thr{ng 9-1946. Sau rrdn La Phdt CQng qudn bim6't hdt hrong thuc vd tdn thdt nhidu vd vfr khi, CQng qudnhuy dQng c6c ndi kh6c tldn tdng ctldng vd ra sfc bao vdyQudc DAn QuAn rdng rd sudt trong mQt th6ng tdi, Qudc D0nQudn chdng tri mdnh liQt, CQng qu6n khOng ldm sao tidnchidrn dr/gc. Nhrtng sau vi Qudc D0n Qudn rdi vdo tinh trangthidu clan dugc, thidu thudc men n6n sinh ra dau dm...

Cudi ctng lrrc hlong Qudc DAn Qudn Chidn khu BdcGiang do Cu V0-Dinh-Huy6n vi Tudng Pham-cao-Htng Chihuy ph6i md dudng mrlu cld rft qua bi€n gidi Hoa ViQt, COngqudn l4i tlng crldng truy kich.

LUc lrrgng Qudc Ddn QuAn trlc BQ ttOi BXc Giang do CgVt-Dinh-Huy€n chi huy dd rft qua lanh thd Trung Hoa viocudi thiing 9-l946,vdi qu6n sdtr€n 400 ngrrdi vi d6ng qu6ntai Ninh Minh, Minh Giang vi TrI Lac. Sang ttdn tldt TrungHoa Cg V[-Einh-Huy€n cing cdc ding vi6n Hodng-Thric-Tri, Nguy 6 n- Vh n-Linh, Phing-B 6 -Kh6 nh, L), -Phi-Hnng tldnNam Ninh dd vQn d6ng ngoai giao vi lrrong thrlc cho BO dQiBdc Giang. Cq Vfl-Dinh-Huy6n vd c6c ding vi€n da gapdllgc Ph6i dohn Nguy6n-T0n-Hoin, Nguy6n-Quang-Minh,TriQu-Nguy6n do Ding Tnldng Tnrong-Tfi-Anh gfii ra qudcngoai. Phrii doin tld chuydn trgc tidp lai cdc m6n qui tinhthdn vi ldi ddn dd cria Ddng Trudng Tnrong-Tr1-Anh cho CuVt-Dinh-Huy6n vi cdc dingvi€n dai diQn B0 <tQi Bdc Giang.

126 * coclu cniuruqvnounllou

rr. cHlfru-rHU LAC-TRIEU

Ngny 27-09-1944, bdo dQ cia Ding TrUdng ld Tnrdng-TiI-Vinh cDng vdi Quang-Thanh doc theo mi6n Trung vd cldnHa NOi d6 trinh bdy cho Ding trfdng 16 vd srl thidt tap dudngsdt xe ria, loi dgng viQc trdng mia dd tao n€n hQ thdng diadao tr6n kh6p cdnh d6ng Tuy Hba cta ThUc dan Phrip vd srJ

hoat dQng sdu rQng ctia h6 thdng Hidn binh NhQt B6n 6 trongnh0n d6n khSp crlc Tinh mi6n Trung.

Hai ngdy sau Ding TrUdng Tn/dng-Til-Anh triQu tQp mQtcuQc hop c6 th6m bdn C6n bQ quAn sd d Trung Udng nfra.Trong cuQc hop D6ng Tnldng mudn tao n6n nhtrng cdn crl ddv6 trang chidn cldu theo chidn thuQt du kich ctia NhAt. LricdAu HQi nghi drra ra cdc cf didm nhuY6n Thd cria Hodng-Hoa-Th6m ho{c B5i Sfly cfia Nguy6n-ThiQn-Thu0t. NhrIngDdLng Tnrdng l4i mudn phii gAn He NOi dd tiQn viQc 1i6n 14c

vd tidp td. Cudi cing HOi nghi dd chon virng ddt th6'p 6 gitraTinh Bdc Ninh vi Hii Dr/dng thuOc ldng Ba Ch6; Sau mdytuAn 16 ho4t dQng thi nhQn thdy ving niy kh6ng iltrQc thuQntiQn bhng khu vr/c Lac TriQu c6ch Ba ChE khoing non 20Km.

A. cd-sd cHlgN-KHULing Lqc TriQu li mOt vtng ddt ndi cao 16n gifra khu

LUc Ddu Giang rQng ldn, khi ntldc 16n thi Ldng Lqc TriQu trdthdnh mOt dc d6o tr€n mf,t nddc m6nh m6ng s6t tOn chAn trdi.Lf trudng Ldng Lac TriQu ld mOt D6ng vi6n Dai ViQt Qudc

Df, r -vr ET or.O'c. oAu-oAru c * 127

Ddn Ding rdt nhi6u nhi0t tdm, HQi d6ng Kj,muc cfia Lingd6u id D6ng viOn, hAu hdt nhAn dAn rrong ling cfrng dd tuy6nth6 vio Ding vd 6nh hrrdng cldn nhfrng ling 16n cdn. Ldnhthd cria Chidn khu Lac TriQu g6m c6 Xd Lac Tri6u vd ci{c Xdxa xa xung quanh bao boc theo Luc Ddu Giang.

B. TRUdNG Si-OUnru LAC-TilEUTriQu Giang tri'c Trrdng Pham-Cao-Hing cld dUoc D6ng

Trddng Tn/dng-Til-Anh cf/ gitr chri'c vu Trr lQnh Chidn khuLac TriQu ki6m Chi Huy trudng Trudng Sl quan Lac TriQu.Tri6u-Giang li mQt SI quan da tdt nghiQp Tnrdng V6 bf HolngPhdflrung Hoa Ddn Qudc), d6 phuc vu rrong quAn dQi TrungHoa DAn Qudc tham gia chidn dich Trudng Sa chdng Nh{tld m6t nhdn vdt hlru danh trong gidi C6ch mang, Chinh trithdi b6'y gid. TriQu-Giang dd cing vdi mQt sdSi quan rhuQccdp sfidung nhfrng cd sd vd phrrdng tiQn cfia Ling Lac TriQuAd Uidn thinh m6t Tnrdng V6 bf hudn luyQn nhtrng Si quanng6 hAu chi huy m6t qu6n rl6i c6 quy mO nhrrqu6n dQi NhaLqudn cl6i Trurrg Hoa Din Qudc md lai am tUdng chidn thufltdu kich cria NhAt.

Cd sd cria Tntdng ld nhfrng ng6i nhd r6ng l6n l6n trongx6m ling cfia ddn chring. Nhung d6n chring trong ling vdci{c ling xung quanh hdu trdt Oa tuy€n rhe €p thd gia nhQpDai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding. Cdc Sinh vi6n Si quan rldu lnnhfrng Sinh vi6n crta cdc Tnldng Dai hoc, Cao d8ng d HiN6i vd cilc n<Ji khr{c quy tu vd. Vi€c giao rh6ng, li6n lac vdchuydn v6n li do Eoin nfr binh cfia Nfr d6ng vi€n TU phUtr6ch; Nfr il6ng vi6n TU ld con gdi crta Lf tn/dng Lac TriQu.Doin nfr binh g6m toln nhfrng nrr ding vi6n g6i qu6 cingm6t lfa tudi vdi c6 Trr (16-ti tudi), chuyCn lo ddn dr.rdng chocilc dodn Cr4n b0 cfia Ding, vd thrrdng nguy rrang bhng nhtrngdodn g6ng g6nh c6ng kdnh dd chuydn v0n sring dng, dan

r28 * coclu cniun:rpl vtr oUNdU

dr-lQc, quin trang, quAn dung vd ltlong thgc rldn cho Chidnkhu...

Edn ngdy 1 1-03-1945 la d$ tfp trung tht13 cria c6c Sinhvi6n Si quan. Ddt tap ffung ndy do chinh c6 TtI dich thAnhudng din ciic Sinh vi€n ST quan ddn clia didm bXng thuy6nqua chldng Phd Lai.

Phd Lai li cfia ng6 phia D6ng cria Chidn khu Lac TriQu,ld m6t tu didrn giao li€n cria Chidn khu hrrdng vd midn duyenhdi vd trdm rn6...Cric Sinh vi6n ST quan tr) c6c noi quy tu v6ddu dridc cd sd D6ng noi xut't phiit cho bidt mQt khdu vd mdthi6u...Ddn ciic tu didm giao 1i6n s6 dtldc nhQn bidt nhau bhngmQt khdu, mQt hiQu rdi mdi dudc hudng d6n vdo vtng an toincfia Chidn khu. Phdn nhi6u c6c c6ng t6c niy ld do Nfr binhciia cO TU phu trdch. Cdc Cdn bQ, chidn sI vd quan kh6chmudn ddn tham Chidn khu Lac TriQu cfrng ph6i theo quydinh ndy.

Ngdy 15-03-1945, Tu l€nh Chidn khu ki6m Chi HuytnrcSng Trudng Sl quan Lac Tri6u long trong uy nghi tuy6n bdkhai gi6ng tnldc dOng dri ciic Sinh vien Si quan vdi srlchfngkidn cria Lf Tnrdng Lac Tri6u, dai diQn nhdn ddn trong X5,c6c Xd,lAn cQn cing vdi Ban Gi6ng Hudn vi B0 Chi Huycria Chidn khu. Sau t6 tctrai gi6ng, c6c Sinh vi6n SI quandriQc tQp trung 6 chung trong nhfrng cdn nhd ba gian rQng rdihdn. Ban Giing Hudn thi ct/ ngg tai nhd cfia vi Lf TnrdngL4c TriQu. Trong khi viQc hudn luyQn de khdi sU, c6c Sinhvi6n Sl quan vdn duqc dua ddn thOm qua s{ hrrdng d6n cfiacitc dingviCn Nfrbinh. Sdsintr vi6n SIquan trong ngdy khaigi6ng aa t0n ddn 40 ngrrdi. TriQu-Giang tnlc tidp didu khidnTnldng v6i sd trd ltrc cfia V[-Einh-Huy6n phq tri{ch quin tri,

oat -u ET ottdc-oAt't -oAu c * 129

didu hdnh; HQi-TAn phu trdch v6 cung cd'p vd an ninh phdngthri.

gdt dAu vdo chrlong trinh hudn luy6n, chtng nhfing HQiDdng K),Muc cria Ldng Lac Tri€u mi cd H6i Ddng kj'mgccrja cdc Ldng kd cdn, nh6't ld doin N[ binh phdi hoar d6ngtriQt dd, h6n tuc, huy d6ng, d6ng g6p cria nh0n ddn dd choc6c Sinh vi6n ST quan m6i ngdy duoc ba bfla no dfi, gifra hicb€n ngodi nan d6i dang hodnh hinh, hing triQu ngrrdi dangchdt d6i. Su chuydn vdn cflng phii th0t gian khd, rhQr nhanhch5ng dd cho Sinh vi6n SI quan m6i ngudi cd vfr khf thdt mhsft dung vi tQp b6n bing clan th6t...

Qua m6t thdi gian hoat d6ng,lai duoc rin rinh b6o lh cdccin crlthd phi vi bon bu6n lQu sring dan 6 D6ng Tri6u, QuingY6n dd md rQng srl s6ch nhi6u. Nhlm muc dich khdng chdthd phi, ddng thdi mua th6m m6t sdvfl khi cho Tnrdng. TriOuGiang cirng vdi hai cdn v€ dd ki6n gan dQt nhQp vio siohuyQt cria Thd phi vh bon bu6n 16u. Tuy rXng kh6ng muath6m ddclc sfng dng, nhrlng cfrng lim cho diim Thd phi phdind nang bdt siich nhi6u d6n ldng ldn c0n. Tild6 vd sauTrddngthudng td chrlc nhfrng cu6c rhuc t6p tdm xa dd Sinh vi6n Slquan hoat d6ng thuc tdtrong nhdn ddn c6 khi ddn tQn nhf,ngvDng ven bidn vd phia DOng.

c. TRUNG-TAur xuAru-ruyEN ouAN-sU 4c-TRtEuMQt Xa khiic si{t canh Xd Lac TriQu nXm doc theo LUc

Ddu Giang cfrng duoc chon ldm Trung tdm huan luy6n qudnstl cho Ha sl quan vd Binh sI.

Trung tAm t{p rrung tr6n 50 Ha Siquan vi hon 200 binhsI, d6u li Drirng vi6n Dai Vi€t Qudc Ddn Ding cdngu trongnhtrng vDng doc theo mi6n hdm m6 vi mi6n bidn... do ddng

r30 * cocAu cniururu vAOUNoU

vi6n trung kiOn vi can tn/dng Ia DOi Vdn di6u khidn. Phdnhudn luyQn vd chinh tri do ddng vi6n L!-HuyCn phu tr6ch.Trung tdm c6 muc dich ddo tao n6n nhfrng H? Sl quan viBinh si ldm ndn ting cho mQt quAn dQi qudc gia vd sau.

Trddng SI quan L4c TriQu, Trung tdm Hudn 1uy€n QudnsULac TriQu ctng c6c cd sd qu0n sd, hdnh ch6nh cfra Xd LacTriQu d6 tao thdnh mOt khu Tam Gi6c dtlQc vO trang nhmb6m s6t theo Luc DAu Giang, d6 le chidn khu Lac TriQu cfiaDai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding 6 gifra Bdc Ninh vd H6i DrrdngBXcViQt.

Sdvfl khi trang bi cho Chidn khu nly mQt phAn do Trungrrdng vi mQt phdn do cd sd Ding b0 dia phrrdng mua dudccria c6c td chfc bu6n lQu vfl khi doc theo bi6n gidi Hoa ViQtvi Mi6n hAm M6 tr€n bd Vinh Bdc ViQt. Tuy sd v[ khi kh6ngdrrqc tdi tdn 15m, nhung m6i ngudi tl6u c6 mQt v[ khi. LtrchlQng Ha Si quan vi Binh si niy thrldng xuy6n gifr nhiQm vuU6o ve an ninh cho Trudng Si quan Lac TriQu vd phdi hgp tdchrlc nhfrng cuOc hdnh qu6n thrtc tQp tAm xa kidm soilt tldnvirng D6ng Tri6u QuingYOn.

Tit cil Sinh vi6n SI quan cria Tnldng V6 Bi L4c TriQuddu c6 chung mQt hq ld hq TriQu, bi danh cria ho ld TriQuGiang, TriQu Nguy6n, TriQu 86, Trieu Dudng' Tri6u Hda,TriQu ChAu, TriQu Thanh, TriQu Hiep,TriQu Gia, Tri€u Lac,TriQu Hh v.v...Trong sd nhfrng chdng Sinh vi6n Sl quan hoTriQu kd tr6n c6 nhffng ngddi t6n th{t ld Ng6-Huy-Chrlong,L6-Dr1c-HQi, Trdn-Kim-Phuong v.v'..

Sau khi Nhdt Holng ddu hing d6ng minh (15-08-1945),Ding Tnldng TnIdng-Tfi-Anh dd triQu tQp luc ltrgng Chidnkhu L4c TriQu k6o v6 Ha NOi. HAu hdt Thn Si quan Lac

DAr-uET ondc-oAu.oAuc * 't31

TriQu cirng vdi hdn 50 Ha Sl quan vi tr6n 200 binh si vdi dAydri v[ khi da chinh td AQi ngfr rrong khu6n vi6n nhd cria OngLli Tnrdng Lac Tri6u. Ho di b5t dAu md cu6c hdnh qudn ddtidn vd Ha NOi. Mac dAu nrrdc dang d6ng cao, nhrlng trongd6m tdi Binh clodn Lac Tri€u cld lln 16i c6'p tdc hinh qu6n vdddn Hd NOi cudi ngiy 17-08 -t945 trong hic cr{c Chidn khuYCn bdi, VTnh Phric YCn vi c6c ndi kh6c chrra th6'y b6ngd6ng. Ddn ngdy 21-08-1945 thi Binh doin Lac TriQu d6 dUdclenh td chrlc mQt dodn li6n lac BXc Nam vi tdng cddng choTinh b6 Thanh H5a dd thdnh ldp Chidn khu Dzi Linh chdngCQng S6n vd Thrlc d0n. MOr sd SI quan Lac TriQu cfrng duoctu nghiCp th6m vd quAn sr/ tai Tnldng Luc eudn y6n br{ingay trong kh6a A.

r32 * coclu cniuuplvA oU,rH6U

ilr. THANH-LaP DA! _vlf;rOUOC.GIA LIEN.MINH

Sau trAn Lang Son (1940), thd lgc cria qudn dQi Nhatcdng ngdy cdng manh 6 D6ng DtIdng, nhdt li ltrc luong Hidnbinh hoat dQng ddu khdp ciic noi. Cdc nhi 15nh-d4o cdch-mangViQt Nam mudn lQi dlrng sfc manh cfia Nhflt Ad tat 0dquan enap gidnh dQc 16p cho ddn tOc; N€n dd kdt hop c6cchinh ding cing c6 chung danh xrrng li Dai ViQt' thinh lQp

n6n M4t Tr{n Dai ViQt Qudc Gia Li6n Minh.

A. THANH pnAru uat maru- Dai ViQt Qudc Gia X6 HQi Ding trlc D4i Vi€t Qudc Xd

cfra 6ng Nguy6n-Xuin-Tidu (Tidu RDa) tfc Nguy6n-Lf Cao-Kha thhnh lQp sau ndm 1940 bdt dAu ho4t dQng manh mE dBdc ViQt. Ding ndy phgng vu Chri ngtria Duy trung Tim vQt

do chinh 6ng Nguy6n-Xudn-Tidu dQ xrrdng. Ddn ndm 1954di cdvdo Nam, dinh crrtai Sudi t-d 6, BiCn Hda, tnl6c khi tUtrdn 6ng Nguy6n-Xudn-Tidu cld c6ng bdquydt dinh gi6i t6nDai ViQt Qudc Xe gfii ddnc6,c bi{o chi d Thfi dO Sai Gdn vic6c chinh kh6ch, doin thd tr6n todn qudc...

- Dai ViQt Duy DAn cria 6ng Nguy6n-Hffu-Thanh tri'cLf-DOng-A, phqng vu Chfi nghia Duy DAn cflng do 6ng Li-D6ng-Add i,rOrg. Khi 6ng Lf-EOng-A til Tiu trd vd VietNam nf,m l942,th\Dai ViQt Duy Din xudt hiQn hoat dQng dc6c Tinh Ninh Binh, Hd Nam...

Dfl-uET orfc-oAn.oAruc *'t33

- Dai Vi€t Ddn Chinh do Nguy6n-Trrdng-Tam (NhdtLinh) thdnh l6p sau n[m 1940, phqng vU ly thuydt cfiaNguy6n-Ttldng-Thm dd xrldng kdt hop nhfrng Chri nghia qudcgia chri ydu ld Tam D6n Cht nghia cia TOn-Vdn rrQn l6n vditu ttrdng cria Phdt-Xit Y va Qudc-X6 Drlc (Theo Nguy6n-TUdng-Brich, ViCt Nam nhfrng ngiy lich sff, trang 36, Nh6mNghi6n Crlu SL? Dia, Monrr6al 1981)... Nh6m TU Lrrc VhnDoin hAu hdt ddu gia nh{p vio Ddng ndy.

Cr{c chinh d6ng cDng c6 t6n ld Dai ViQt a'y d6u c6 CdnbQ hoat d6ng manh mE 6 qudc n6i, dd loi dung thd lrrc criaqu6n dQi NhOt 0d mrru vi6c tar dd ph6p gidnh la'y dQc lQp.

- Edu ndm l944,Ding Trddng Tnrdng-Tr?-Anh <td phr{ihai ding vi6n cao cA'p ln Nguy6n-Sl-Dzinh vi pham-C:inh-Hohn phdi hop cDng c6c 6ng Nguy6n-Xu6n-Tidu, Nguy6n-Tddng-Long vd m6t sd lanh tu cria Dai Vi6t Duy D6n, ThnViQt Nam Qudc Ddn Ddng cria Ng6-Thric-Dich, Nhrrgng-T6ng, Nguy6n-Ngoc-Sdn, Nguy6n-Thd-Ngniqp thlnh l{p n6nMdr Tran Dai ViQt eudc Gia Li€n Minh. 6ng Nguy6n-Xudn-Tidu cluoc cfl ldm Cht rich Mit Trdn ndy.

B. CAC HOAT DoNG ct]n urar TRANTrong nh8ng nd,m 1944-1945,Md,tTrfn Dai ViQt eudc

Gia Li6n Minh hoat d6ng rdt manh m6 nhdt ld 6 Bdc ViQt nhdsr/ tidp sf'c cta qudn d6i Nhar. Nhtrng ldnh tu ndi U4t nhdt h:Long, Ly, Quy, PhUong (Trl Linh). Long ld Nguy6n-Tudng-Long (em ru6t cria Nh6't-Linh), Ly li Khr{n-Ly hay Ift6n l}ttlc li D6ng Tnrdng Trudng-TiI-Anh, Quy (Rtra) trlc Tidu Rta,Phdong ld chu-Bri-Pht/ong.

Cht nghla DAn tQc Sinh t6n cria Dai ViQt eudc D6nDing c6 minh dinh: "Kh6ng c6 m6t ddn t6c nio vi ldng vi

134 * c@[u cniuruplvAouNsu

tha, vi Chfi nghia cao thrJdng mi hy sinh xrrdng m6u cia ndigidng hq dd mang sU dQc lflp giao tri cho ta..."

Hdn nfra sau khi Nhflt dAu hdng Ddng minh, thi triichnhiQm di6u hdnh ci nudc duong nhi6n thuQc vd nQi ci4c Trdn-Trong-Kim, vi t€n phudng diQn luflt phr4p, gidy td, NhQt BAnOa ptril c6ng nhQn ndn dOc lQp trOn todn ven lenh thd VietNam. Ndu NOi c6c TrAn Trong-Kim drlng vtrng, cl6li mQtgu6ng m6y hdnh ch6nh tdng qur{t bao trirm tr0n toin c6i ViQtNam ngO hdu c6 thd chinh danh mi giao tidp vdi Ddng minhnhrrmOt ddn tQc bi trl dang vtldn l6n theo tinh thdn cria th6arldc Potsdam. Moi viQc lgi dung qudn dQi Nhat dd chidm do4tchinh quy6n trong khu vrlc BXc Kj', vi€c ndy cld kh6ng thtrchiQn drroc vi nhfrng ydu td ngoai lai vd DAi ViQt Qudc GiaLi6n Minh lai ph6i tidp qc lao minh drrdng ddu vdi nhfrngbidn cd lich sfi sE ddn d{p xiy ddn; NOn trong d{ muu lqidgng qudn NhQt dd cddp chinh quydn 6B6c K!'6ng Nguy6n-Xudn-Tidu dd bi l6nh tu Tnrdng-Tfi-Anh cli kich m4nh m6.

Ngdy 11-08-1945, tnJdc khi Nhflt chinh thrlc cldu hingD6ng minh, DAi diQn cria Trldng De Gaulle d D6ng dtldngc6 ddn thudng thuydt vdi vi Tdng TrI lQnh cria qudn dQi NhQtdd cho sdqudn tlOi cfia Ph6p ctd dio tdu drldc trong ngdy cliochinh 09-03-1945 drrqc dd b0 16n H6i Phdng. M4t TrQn D4iViQt Qudc Gia Li6n Minh nh{n drrgc tin n}y [dn td chrlcngay cuQc bidu tinh rdt d6ng d6o nhdn dAn tham dr/ dd phinO& am mrtu t6i x6m luoc cfia thrrc dAn Phr{p khidn cho viTdng TrrlQnh cria qu6n clOi NhQt kh6ng d6m dd cho qudn clQi

Phr4p dd bO l€n midn Bdc Vi6t Nam.

Ngdy 16-08-1945, Nguy6n-Xudn-Tidu phdi hop vdi.4Sr quan NhQt Bin h6a trang m{c 6o dii thdm, m6i ngudi dduddu trong 6o mQt khdu tidu li€n, hrrdng ddn 300 Thanh ni6n

DAI-VrET 0U0C-DAN-DANG * 't3s

v(l trang sring truilng tien vio Phrl Kh0m Sai <Idi chinh quy6nhi6n hffu phii bdt nhcx hdt tt't ci m<.li ngddi phrip dang c6 n-rirtai Hi NOi.

Dddc tin nly Tntdng-Ttr-Anh lidn di xe dap rdi phfi KhAmSai vrli f dinh ld bu6c Nguy6n-Xu0n-Tidu hay hfiy b6 yOusiich...Khi Truong-Tir-Anl-r vila den noi thi cfrng vila c6 tinrnQt biio cl-ro Nguy6n-Xu0n-Tidu bidt rXng: "...eudn ct6i phdpdd chudn bi sfn sing dd rrin ra tidn chiim He N6i..." Khiden noi, TrLtcin-e-Tir-Anh dd ra l6nh thu hOi 300 Thanh ni6nvO trang va d6n di mai phuc ndi khrlc cld d6 phdng qudn d6iPhrip phri thdnh trln ra ngoii.

Trtfrlc t)nh the dy, Nguy6n-Xudn-Tidu vd 4 Sl quan Nh6tdinh phii b6 cu6c vd rdr lui lang le.

Khi qudn c16i Trung Hoa DAn eudc trin sang dd trrdckhi gitli cluan NhCr, luc luon-s cLia Cu Nguy6n-Hdi-ThAn tr]Trun-[ H.a cii,-u tien 'd ndr1c, rr-r6t so th]nh vi6n cria Dai Vi6tQLroc Clia Lie n Mintr dd clffng ra c6ng tiic v(li lrrc lrfOng cuaC' Lr N g Lr r, 6 n - tlli i -Thi n n hd: Nhrlr;n_rr-Tdn,s. Nguy6n-Tri 6 u-l-Lrit.'l l -NgLr1'Cn-Hiii r,.v...

t)Cir nrinr l9-l-5. L)ai ViCt DLr1, Din c(r rtr6t sdCiin bQ cip'l'r'rrnu rhlng r i cri sii clLrin chfurg thi hoat clting nhi6u tl vDngNr,h Illrrh. IIi N,nt tBic Viet)\,) nt6t so it inh hd6ng viovuns crie Bic Thanh Htia...Cr)n il rnidn Trung vi Midn Nam.I)ai ViCt DLry tlin cltda dirt cldtic crJ stl.

- Dai ViCt QLroc Xa ciing chi quanh quCn trong vDngdong bin-u Uic ViCt vI htjn nlla quii chri trong vio rhdtLrcciil Nhat brin nCn ctj sri kh6ng lan rrdn trOn khdp linh thdViCt Nant dLhic.

- Dai Vr0t Dan Chinh. chii chot li nh(rm Td Lrtc vin

136 * coclu cnlHrupr vAOUN.6U

Eroin vd m6t it thAn hfru vdn nghQ si..'cflng qudy qudn trongph4rn vi Hi NOi vd virng ddng bhng BXc Vi0t'

- Tdn Vi6t Nam Qudc Din Ding cria nh6m Ng6-Thfc-Erich, Nhrrong-Tdng... (Theo VNQDD cria Hodng-Vdn-Ddotrang}Z9).Tuy rbng mang danh l}r Vi6t Nam Qu6c Ddn D6ngquoc nQi nhrrng kh6ng thu hrit dttoc todn thd Ding vi6n ttgdc chi Nam. Hdn nfa cudi ndm 1945, Dai ViQt Qudc DdnE,ing, Eai Vi0t DAn Chinh vi ViQt Nam Qu'5c Ddn Ding hiingo4i (V[-H6ng-Khanh, Nghi6m-Kd-fd...) 1o cring cd M4trlan Qudc Ddn Ddng n6n Mat TrOn D+i ViQt Qudc Gia Li6nIvlinh xem nhtr lir d6 cli vdo lich sii C6ch mang vi6t Nam tUtLrud d6.

oAI -vr ET or.6c- oAu-oAr'r c * 137

,v. DAr-vrET oudc-oAru-oAr,roVA tJHUi,re efEN c6 morue ruAnlt :'q,4s

Tir thring 9-1940, quAn ,Joi Nhar B6n aa Udt ddu rl4t chanien ddt nddc, Vi6t Nam, cirng mdu da ving, mfli tet, lai th6mm6t vai n6t tudng ddng ve vf,n hoa, phong tuc, ng6n ngf...N€nthoat ddu ngrtdr din Vi€t Nam thdy vcti di bdt mQt phdn niovd n6i tui hiln, u uii vi hAn thi m6't nudc, bi tri vi cfrng c6mth6y nhrf ciuing ihiJng tranh thfi dQc 1{p, tr/ do il6 dddc nitngdn lai cldn...

I-tai Vi6t Qu6c Gia Li6n Minh dd ra ddi vdi hohi bdo livin dung hOt thdy nhtlng gi c6 thd c6 dtroc tir qudn tlOi NhQtHoang d6 m) tranh thti nhanh hon ndn dQc lfp, trl do choqu6c gia, ctin tdc. V6i m6t sr,r kdt hop rQng l6n cd.c ChinhDdng co tht/c hrc, n€n anh hrldrrg cria Dai Vi€t eudc GiaLi6n Minh rdt manh mE ci Blc ViQt.

Vdo hic 20 gid ngiy 08-03-1945, Dai tudng Nh{t BdnMatsumoto goi tdi hdu thu cho toin quydn Decoux dang 6Sdi Gdn bu6c qudn tlQi Phrip 6 DOng Dr/dng phdi rtar drrdiquytln chi huy crta cdcTr/dng ldnh Nh{t B6n. Qua m6t d€m,silng ngdy 09-03-1945 cd Nh6t Bdn d5 tung bay kh6p cricndi c6ng sd tr0n todn c6i ViQt Nam thay cho cd Tam Thi ctiaPhr{p qudc.

Ngdy 10-03-1945 Tdng Tu lQnh qudn <lQi Nhflt Bdn 6D6ng drrong ra uyen bd: "...Ngrtdi NhQt trao trd lai tlQc lQp

138 ti c@[u cnir',rruoy vA oUNdU

cho Vi6t Nam dd cDng nhau l4p Khdi Dai DOng 4..."

N-uiy l1-03-1945, Hoing Ode6o Eai tuy€n bdhfiy b6tit cLi nhinrg HiQp rrdc di k! kdt vdi Phrip til xua vd bdt dAu

tirn kiern nhdn sd dd thinh lflp NQi ciic do sr/khuydn ciio criaNh{t Biin. Tinh hinh BIc Viet hic bdy gid da ndi bQt girakhun-q cinh chinh trddng ViQt Nam. Vi v6y, vai trd criaTrutjn-q-Tit-Anh dd duoc siing ch6i' Nhung triii lai Tnldng-TiI-Anh da tU chdi kh6ng c6ng khai drlng ra hop tric vdi Nhfltli\ vi :

1) Khdi Eai D6ng A cria NhOt Bin kh6ng thich hgp vdiChir nghia Din t6c Sinh tdn cria Dai ViQt Qudc DAn Ding'

2iNgay trr ctdu ndm 1943, Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding cld

dr.rt cltlcJc rnoi lien lac v6i E6ng minh qua trung gian cria TrungHoa DCn Quoc. Th6ng 03-1945ld thdi gian mi Eai ViQt

Qu0c D0n Dting clang lo thdnh lAp Phrii dodn Ngoai giao ddsang Trung Hoa DAn Qudc.

Tuy viy, Dai Viet Qudc DAn D6ng d6 ydm trd cho NQiciic Trin-Trong-Kim, lu6n lu6n c6 drldng ddy 1i6n lac giffaNOi cric vd cii nhAn Thri tudng TrAn-Trqng-Kim vdi DingTrdilng Trrrdng-Tr?-Anh. Vl D6ng Tnrdng Trrldng-Tfi-Anh v5ncho ring N6i ciic Trdn-Trong-Kim li mQt gu6ng m6y hinhchiinh bao qurit c6 lanh thd, lA mOt hQ thdng quiin tri c6 thdxfr ly moi tinh hudng khi chidn tranh chdm dr1t. Trong thdigiantdn tai cria NQi cric Trdn-Trgng-Kim, Dai ViQt Qudc DdnOang cl6 ra srlc md rQng vi phdt tridn c6c Chidn khu vd QuAnTrudng nhu Qu0n Tnrdng vd Chidn Khu Lac Tri€u, ChidnKhu K6p BXc Giang, chudn bi phrrdng tiQn vd nhdn srl chovi6c thinh lQp Chidn Khu An Di6n d Nam ViQt.

Ngay sau ngdy Nhflt Bin ddu Hing Ddng Minh (15-08-lg45),Ding Trtldng Truong-Tfr-Anh dd ra lQnh cho lttc ldqng

Dfl-uET odc-otu.sfuc * 139

v6 trang cfia Eai ViQt Qudc DAn Ding d c6c Chidn khu K6p(BXc Giang), Chidn khu Lac TriQu vd ci Chidn khuYOn B6ixa x6i, phii tQp trung vd Ha NQi. Mdc dAu bf mr/c nr.rdc d6ngcao cin dudng, ddn ngiy 17-08-1945, lttc lrtong cria Chidnkhu Lac TriQu cfrng d5 c6 mdt tai Hd NQi.

Ngdy 17-08-1945, c6ng chrlc Hi NQi td chrlc cuQc meer-ing tai Nha Hdt Ldn dd bny t6 quydt tdm tranh ddu cho DQc10p, TU do. ViQt Minh COng Sdn dE lgi dqng cuQc hQi hopniy, cho Crin b0 tra trQn vio ddm ct6ng b6n mdy phdt sringluc rdi trddng cd, bidu ngf, cfia CQng SAn 16n, bidn cuQc hopthinh cuQc bidu tinh c6 loi cho CQng Sdn.

Ngay rdi h6m {yDdtngTnrdngTnrdng-Tfi-Anh 116 triQutQp m6tcuQc hop cfia Li6n MinhD4iViQtviViQtQudc, ftanhphdn tham dU gdm c6 cdc6ng: L6-Khang, Pham-Cdnh-Hoin,Chu-B 6 -Phuqng, Nguy6n-Vdn-Vi6n, D6ng-Chf -Kim...

ViQc dtng bi6n phdp qudn str dd doat chinh quy6n duocdf,t ra, lQp tn/dng cria Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding cho rlng:Crldp chinh quydn trong giai doan niy h d6, nhulrg gitr vitng,duy tri duoc chinh quydn mdi li kh6. Viet Minh COng SAn tl6bao hdnh, nhung lrrc lttong v6 trang cria hg kh6ng tt6ng kdddi v0i phe qudc gia;Vi lai nh6n ddn 16 ring rt6 bi ViQt MinhC0ng S6n 16i cudn, nh6n ddn 14i chrra bidt CQng S{n li gi,bao gid nh6n d6n bidt tldn CQng SAn thi viQc crrdp do4r vigiflgin chinh quydn cfia chring ta mdi bdn viirrg. Df,ngTnldngTnrong-Tfi-Anh dd b6o <lQng vi khuydn c6o moi thinh vi6nring:"Chring ta ddbdt ddumQt cuQc chidntranhtThrtc HC,mQt cu1c chiAn ff anh lj, luQn, l!, thuydt, mQt cuQc chidn tranhtu tt&ng, nhdn ddn sd gidc ngQ, thrtc tinhvdnhdn ddn sd ldmtreng tdi..."

r40 * cOclu cniun:U vAOUnUOU

Ddn ngdy 2l-08-1945, h.Ic ltldng v6 trang 6 YOn Br{i vdVinh Phric YCn chr/a vd dugc, hiQn diQn chi c6 Binh-DodnLac TriQu vd c6c h/c lrrgng v6 trang nOi thinh He NQi ddu tflptrung d Tn/dng Tidu hgc Hing Kdn (Jaureguiberry) v) 6Duvigneau. Dilng Tnldng Trddng-Tfl-Anh dd th6n hdnh ddntrgc tidp sinh hoat vdi c6c lrrc hlong vO trang ndy. C6c ST

quan tr€ dE nhao nhao ddi nhdt dinh phdi trUng ph4t ViQtMinh CQng Sin bhng vO ltlc, Ddng Tnrdng dE 6n t6n gid'ithich: "Doat lqi chinh quydnbdngvd lqc rdt dd ddng. Nhr,tttgphdi ldm cho nhAn ddn bidt ddn CQng Sdn, thdu hidu CQngSdn ld gi thi chring ta mdi duy tri dtgc chinh quydn..." DingTrtldng cf,ng th6ng bi{o cho c6c ltlc lrrgng v6 trang bidt laviQc thdng nhdt c6c lrrc lrrgng chinh tri thenh M+t Trfln QudcDdn Ding dang tidn hinh rdt kh6 quan, M4t Tran di chdpnhQn Chri ngtria D0n tQc Sinh tdn ld Kim Chi Nam cfia M{tTr{n. Nhdng phdi ph6t huy phAn Hd Trrdng Sinh T6n vi XuHrrdng Bidn C6i 0d tam keo sdn vd kich thich trong viQc DaiDodn Kdt vd Ngo4i Giao.

D6ng Tnl8ng n6i; "Chrtng ta phdi xdy dqng mQt ndn li'thuydt, c6 lj,thuydt thi cu1c ddu tranh, chidn ddu mdi dilngdudng, mdi dqt fuqc kA't qud ,mdi dem lai duqc hqnh philccho ddn t1c; Li, thuyAlt cdn thi Ddng ta cdn, Ddng cdn thiddn t\c cdn. Cdn Li, Thuydt ld cdn Ddn 76c". Nhdn dip dy,D6ng Trudng cfrng th6ng b6o cho cdc luc lugng v6 trang bidtDing tnrdng dd dugc phong t[ng mQt biQt danh nlra ld: Kh6n1) trlc ln lj' ldm.

Sau cuQc gap gd niy, Binh-Dohn Lac TriQu drrgc tuydnlQp n6n mQt ph6i bO cd nhiQm vu di til Bf c chi Nam dd truydnmQnh lQnh cria Trung rrdng vd kh6p cr{c Xf b0, Tinh bQ tr6ntoin qudc.Phdi bO niy do TriQu Giang 15nh d4o. Sdcdn laicria Binh-Dodn Lac TriQu tlugc tlng cUdng cho Tinh b0 Thanh

DAFvTE-T ordc-oAnoAlc * rlr

H6a dd thinh lap Chidn khu Dzi Linh.

Ddn thr{ng 9-1945,L{c lugng Vi€t Nam Qudc Ddn Dingcing qudn Tdu vd nr./dc. Met Trfln Qudc Ddn D6ng drtoctdng crrdng vd cring cdt4i. Dd t6 ra tuAn menh lQnh cfia quAndQi Tiu, Chinh pht Ldm rhdi cria H6-Chi-Minh ttd nghi tdchfc Tdng Tuydn Cfi, D4i Viet Qudc Ddn Ding cte phin cldidrlmutr ndy, cho ld nh0n dAn chua dtroc giSc ngQ, srthidu bidtvd chinh tri qud thd so...Ndu bdu cr? chi ld trd IUa bip, phinhgat nh6n dAn mi th6i.

\zi bidt ring muc dich cria Ddng Minh li gifp dd ddthdnh l6p n€n mQt Chinh phri kh6ng CQng Sin tai ViQt Nam.Khong bdu cfi ilrrgc Qudc HOi thi khong ldm sao hgp thrlch5a drrgc cht quy6n md phe CQng Sin clang chidm doat. Dod6 phe CQng S6n Ud-Chi-Minh dtng thi mgi thri do4n thdphBn dd mua chuQc m6t sdTudng ldnh cria qudn Thu. Tr] tt6c6c Tudng l6nh Tdu phri du, kd on, kd nghia n6n mQt sdchinh khrich ViQt Nam dd ch6'p thufln viQc bAu ct? Qudc HQi.Bi ring buQc bdi tinh thAn thdng nhdt cta MAt Tian QudcDdn D6ng, n6n Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn D6ng ddnh phii im 14ngtnldc viQc ldm bip bQm dy. Tiry vQy khi cuQc bAu cfitidn hdnhc0ng c5 nhidu ndi D4i Viqt qudc D0n D6ng ile fi/dQng chdnglai.

Trong Am mttu hop thrlc h6a cdcphAn tt? CQng Sin dangchidm doat chri quy6n, phe CQng S6n H6-Ctri-Minh lai biytrb Chinh phri Li6n hiQp Qu,ic CQng. Dai ViQt Qudc DdnDdng dI nh6't quydt tdy chay. Bdi vi:

1) Chfi nghia Ddn tQc Sinh tdn cria D4i Viet Qudc DanDing di phri nh6n holn toen Chfi ngtria CQng SAn tlQ III.

2) Trong bin Tiry6n c6o Qudc d6n ctia Dai ViQt QudcD0n Ding tld kh8ng dinh vdi Qudc ddn ring: Qudc Td Chrt

142 * cocfiu cniun:rpl vrr QUN6U

ngh\a hodn todn ld mQt do tuhng. Vdi tinh thdn Qudc td v6sdn, phe COng S6n Ud-Chi-Minh sE kh6ng thrtc tdm tranhgiinh dQc lap cho ddn tQc. HQp t6c vdiCOng Sin dd muu cdudQc l{p cho dAn tQc la mQt dai hoa.

3) Trong cudng hnh (chrrong trinh kidn qudc) cria DaiViQt Qudc Ddn D6ng, khoin thrl IV dd minh dinh:

"TriQt dd bdi tri cricngqy thuyAi vd giai cdp tranh ddu... "

Vi nhtrng didu d6 ki6n dinh t'y, nOn D6ng Trudng Truong-Tfr-Anh nh6't quydt bric b6 luQn diQu cfla m6t sdlanh tu la:Hgp t6c vdi COng Sdn dd tranh thti DQc tQp Ddn tQc, doinkdt dd chdng xdm llng. Theo D6ng Tn/dng Tn/ong-Tfr-Anhthi CQng Sin cfing gidng nhrl xAm lf,ng, n€n ddn tQc ViQtNam cdn phii doin kdt vdi nhau dd md chdng ci Ph6p l6nCQng Sin. Chdng Phrlp chi vi muc dich tranh giinh DQc lQpDdn tQc. Chdng CQng Sin 14i vlY thrtc HQ, vi mQt hQ thdnglf thuydt, vi mOt thd chdphi nh6n bin. Do d6 cu0c chidn dduchdng CQng Sdn sE l6u ddi hon...

Vd nh{n thrlc chinh tri, Cq Nguy6n-Hii-Thdn khi trd vdnudc (1945) nhdng v6n cdn vudng v6'n vdi nhflng f trrdng tilthud ra di trong phong trdo DOng Du... V[-H6ng-Khanh cflngkh6ng hon gi Cu Nguy6n-H6i-Thdn, cdn Nguy6n-TUdng-Thmthi v5n cdn dp t nhfrng mQng ldnh cria nhfrng ching trai tut'ntf tli 1o viQc nrrdc. Cdc Trrdng l6nh Thu thi:

LA nhiAu, ndi ngot nghe ldi d€ xiAu.\E tlinh qu6n hdt nhfrng chi thi cria Trung lftdnh tld

ctng phe COng S6n U6-Chi-Minh ddn d{ng n6n tdn tu6ngChinh phri Li6n hiQp Qudc cQng ViQt Nam.

DAFUE_T ordc-oAru-oAnc * r43

VU-Udng-fhanh, Nguy6n-Trrdng-Tam de uy tham giaChinh phfi Li0n hi6p kh6ng c6 sr/ chdp thudn cria Mdt TrfnQudc DAn Eing. Nhtrng bQ mr{y tuy6n truydn cria C6ng S6nViet Minh lai khoe khoang li: V0-H6ng-Khanh, Nguy6n-Trldng-Tam ld dai di6n cho Mat Tran Qudc Ddn Ddng.

Mdt Tran Qudc Ddn D6ng ld tQp hop cfia nhtrng chidn siCiich mang dai diQn cho nhfrng ngr/di ddn ViQt Nam kh6ngCQng S6n. C6 sr/ hiQn di6n cria Mat Tran Qudc Ddn D6ngtrong chinh phfi Li6n hi6p ld phe CQng Sin Ud-Chi-Minh cdthd lila ddi drroc Ddng Minh vd drr ludn qudc rd cflng nhrrdoln kdt duoc todn din, l6i k6o duoc cr{c phdn tfrlrrng chUng.

Kdtidp V[-Hdng-Khanh lai rulf cirng vdi H6-Chi-Minhki t€n vlo Hi6p dinh Sd bd 06-03-1946.T6c hai cfia HiQpdinh ndy ddi vdi ciic chidn sl C6ch mAng kh6ng CQng Sin rdtldn lao. Nhtrng cd nhAn Vfr-Hdng-Khanh dudng nhrlxem d6ld mQt vinh drr vi cl6 drroc kf t6n cing Sainreny vi Hd-Chi-Minh. Vl vay, ri6ng trong hing ngfi Vi6t Nam Qudc DdnEdng dd c6 nhidu b0 phQn dri'ng 16n kdt rin Vfr-H6ng-Khanhvi ly khai vdi Vi6t Nam Qudc Ddn D6ng cria Vfr-Hdng-Khanh(Theo VNQDD cria Hoing-Vln-Dio trang 308 vd 309).

TnIdc tinh trang cl5, E6ng Trtldng TrUong-Tfr-Anh nhdnthdy nhf,ng sai lAm khdng thd nio sfia chfra dugc, nhutrg tinhthdn cria MAtTran Qudc DAn Ding phdi drrgc duy tri m6i c5,thd doin kdt duoc d6n r6c dd x0y dung rudng lai.Tr) d6 Vf,-Hdng-Khanh kh6ng cdn ld Tdng Thr-IKf cria MdrTrQn QudcDAn Ding nf,a. Dai cla sd D6ng vi6n ViQt Nam Qudc DdnD6ng ddu gif vfrng l{p trddng quydt tdm dodn kdt, thdngnhdt dudi danh nghia Mat TrQn Qudc DAn D6ng.

Sau HiQp dinh Sd bO 06-03-1946, Phi{p tai dd bQ t6i chidm

144 * cocfiu orilmrq vtr oUlNdU

BXcViQt, qudnThu bdt dAunitvd ntrdc, DingTn/6ngTnrdng-Trl-Anh Aa Oldu dQng M{t Trfn Qudc Dnn Ding dd thgchiQn kdhoach gdm c6 cdcdidm:

* Thdnh lQp Trung tdm Chinh tri Hai ngoai.t Cring cdt4i c6c Chidn khu.* cfing cdt4i Qudc Ddn Qudn.* T?o ngdu lgc ddn CQng SinViQt Minh vd c6c m0t khu

dd cho qudn tlQi Ph6p ti6u diQt...

Dfl-uET orfc-oAn-oAuc *'t4s

v. THANH-LAP TRUdNGLUc-ouArl vEN-sAl

Tnldng Luc QuAn YCn B6i l) danh hiQu chung ad cnic6c Trudng Dai Vi6t Luc Qudn Si Quan (Cha pa) vi TnrdngLuc Qudn Trdn Qudc Tirdn (Y€n Br{i) drroc Dai ViQt eudcDdn Ddng thdnh l6p vio ndm 1945 vd 1946. Khi Tnrdng mdikhai gi6ng 6 Cha Pa c6 rr€n 100 Sinh vi€n si quan nhdpkh6a. Lfc ddi vd YCn Br{i c6 c6c Tnrdng nh6 kh6c nh6p lai,sd Sinh vi6n Si quan dE tdng ddn tr6n 500 ngddi.

Cu6c tuy6n chidn khdng ngay thEng ctia Qudn dQi NhQt6 Trdn Chdu Cing drra ddn vi6c Qudn dQi My rrdc ridp thamgia chidn trQn 6 A Cnau dd lim cho nhidu Si quan cao c6'pcria Nh{t d D6ng drrong khdc khoii, phdn v6n... Tidp ddnNhdt Hoing phii ddu hing d6ng minh v6 didu ki€n, m6r srJdd vd hodn toin trong tdm trJcria ciic SIquan cao cd'p dy. Hqmudn xdy drrng m6t ni6m tin ri6ng, mQt srr vUdt tho6t vd homudn til b6 qudn ng[... D6ng trddng Tnldng-TfrAnh d6 ralinh chi6u t{p tdt ci nhfrng phdn tfr {y, cdc vi niy ttdu lnnhfrng Sl quan cao cdp tr) Dai td trd xudng, hdt th6y hq ddumdn thich Ddn t6c Vi6t Nam vi kinh phuc Ddng TrddngTnrong-Tfi-Anh, ho dd ddoc Ddng Trudng ddt cho nhfrng tOnVi6t nam, dudc 6 tdp trung rai 4 dia didm trong rhenh phdUdNQi. ViQc sinh sdng cria hg 1u6n lu6n c5 cdccdn bQ bdn canh1o l6ng, sf,n s6c. Ho dttoc hudng d6n, nghi6n cfu vd Ctrfi.Nghia Ddn T6c Sinh T6n, dudc dAy hoc ViQt ngfr... Nhi6u vitrong sdniy de t6 f mudn tuy€n th6 gia nh{p Dai ViQr eudc

146 * coc[u griun:rpl vA oUNdU

DAn Eing, Ding Tn/6ng Tn/dng-Tfr-Anh cfrng c6 gh6 laith[m riy lao, gi6i thich cho ho nhfng th6c m6c v6 chfi nghiaDdn-TOc-Sinh-Tdn.

Ngdy 15 th6ng 10 nlm 1945, Hoing-Kim-Giai ril Phf\€n vJgrmoi ltrdi an-ninh cfia Vi6t Minh COng Sin vd th6ngddn Hd NOi H6n drrdc didu dQng l€n ndm gifr chrlc vu TriChdu (Chdu-Trudng) Cha Pa (Lao Kai), noi rldy c6 dia thdvd c6 nhidu cd sd c6 thd ding thm ndi hudn luyQn qudn srr.

Hodng-Kim-Giai dd drroc Ding Trudng giao trong tr6ch ldpnal jfrdi hop vi huy dQng cdc c{p Chinh quydn dia phudng.,:ng .a. vDng 16n c{n dd ydm trg cho Tnrdng vd mqi m4t.

A. DArvtET LUC-oUAru SI-OUAN H9C'HIEU (CHAPA)Ngdy 22 th6ng 11 ndm t945,Td firrdng Pham-XuAn-

Sinh da ra linh cho Qudc-Vinh trd vd dia didm27'7BM ddhudng d6n c6c vi ST quan Nh{t l6n drrdng di chuydn di ndikhdc, cftc vrsl quan dy ddu dd c5 tOn ViQt Nam ln 6ng Hirng(Dai td cria NhAt), Ong Van (ThrIdng si), 6ng Ddn (Trungt6), 6ng Dflng (Dai riy) cDng vdi 5 vi Si quan khdc, d cric diadidm Khu Uau Ciam vd drrdng VrJdn RauYCn Phu. Hq dducd t6nViQt nam ld: Qudc, Thdn, Hd, Quang' Qud'..Tdt cd ldtrlm (8) vi Sl quan Nh{t vi 1 Ha Si quan li 6ng V[^n, nguy6nld H4 Si quan hdu cdn cria 6ng HDng (Dai tA), 6ng D0ng(Dai [y) n5i cluoc tidng Phr{p vh tidng Viet va thudng limThOng dich vi6n cho c6c vi cdp Trl. Cing di vdi ciic vi ST

qru, nay cdn c5 'rr6n 100 Sinh vi6n Si quan, hAu hdt dd c5bhng b6n phAn Tf tii trd l€n dang theo hoc t1t cdc TrudngDai hoc, Cao dEng d Ha NOi. Trong dQt di chuydn ndy, ngodisd Si quan vir Sinh vi€n Si quan cdn c6 ci mOt b0 phQn dmth{c cdp dudng hQu cAn gdm c6 trOn 10 ngtldi do ding vi€nPhan-Trong-Vinh, cdu Sl quan trong QuAn dQi Ph6p chi huy'Ci dodn ngudi ddu di chuydn ddn Cha Pa, ndi d6y, dd c6

oAr -u E-T ondc- oAu.sAu c * 147

Chinh quydn cfia ChAu Cha Pa do Hohng-Kim-Giai lIm Chdutrddng phdi hop cing Tinh Lao Kai 1o s6p xdp vi ydm tro v6moi mdt. Ddn Cha Pa, sau khi kdt hop lai thi da ff6 rhenh mQtTnldng Vo Bi rO r6t vd tl6 tidp nhfn Tnldng s6. Trudng sd li1 Cdu Lac BQ Siquan cria QuAn dQi Ph5p, c6 hQiTrudng, c6cl,c dd,y phdng ngt, ciic d6y nhi dn, khu y td, khu vO sinh,nhi kho vh nhi bdp ri6ng biQt.

Moi cd cdu td chrlc vd nhin srl tl6 ttrroc Df,ng tnldng viTrung udng Ding b0 s6p xdp, dn dinh s6'n rUrnJdc 6 Ha NOi.Chi huy trtldng (HiQu tnl6ng) lh 6ng Hing ttlc HDng San,NhQt ngtr: San li 6ng t6 vd tOn kinh (Dai rri QuAn dQi NhAr).Chi-huy ph5: Ong Ddn trlc DAn San (Trung T6), Ban Gidoquan (SI quan Hudn luyQn vi6n vi Si quan Cdn b0) gdmnhfrng Si quan ngudi Nhdt trong Qudn dQi Nhflt vi mQt sdSiquan ngudi Viet trong qudn dQi Ph6p. Phg t6 cho Ban Gi6oquan cdn c6 mOt sdh4 Si quan ngudi NhQt vh ngudiViQt.

Trddng khai gi6ng vdo ngdy 31 th6ng I n5m 1946 (NhXmngdy 29 tdt gintr Tud$ c6 mQt Ph6i rtoin Dai diQn Trungudng D6ng bQ do D5ng-Vfi-Tnl cdm dAu ddn dU. L6 ttraigiing rdt trang trong vd uy nghi. Dlng-V[-Tnl d6 chuydnhu6'n td cria Edng tnldng Tnrong Tff Anh tldn vdi toan thdGiilo quan, BQ chi huy cfia Tnldng vi todn rhd Sinh vi6n Siquan. Dai t6 Htng Chi huy trddng cfia TrUdng n6i 16 mucdich cia Tnrdng vd cam kdt se quydt t6m hudn luyQn nhfrngngudi con Uu tri ctia Ddn tQc D4i ViQt trd n6n nhitng vi Siquan xfng diing. TnJdc khi thddang ddng cao cfia tudi fte, c63 nhi tri thrfc tr6 thrip ting Ph6i doinTrung ddng cl6 tgrtQngtinh nguy6n 6lai itd cDng theo hoc vdi c6c Sinh vi6n Siquan@6m c6 : m6t ngrldi Midn 86,c, Zngddi tt Hud ra. Anh Phanrdt gi6i vd t mat ngfr, ci 3 ddu li Sinh vi6n n6m cudi cDng cfiaDai hoc Ha NOi). Chi6u tdi sau Uudi t6 khai gi6ng ti D6mV[n NghQ Li6n hoan c6 dti c6c muc Thi, Ca, Nh4c, Kich.

r48 * coclu oriun:rqvAoUNoU

Nhf,ng khfc h6t Dai viQt Hdnh Khric, viQt Nam Minh chduTrdi Ddng, Lam Sdn...drroc hhng trdm Sinh vi6n D4i hoc criakhSp 3 Midn ddt mrdc hop xrrdng vang vong cd mOt Mi6nrilng nrii ThrIQng Du Bdc Viet, mQt trung tam danh tidng nghimdt cria D0ng Drrdng. Tidng ggi" Xdp brit nghie n"... Xdp britnghiOn l€n drrdng tranh ddu... il6 drrgc hing trdm Sinh vi6nDai hoc Ha NOi, nhfrng con ngrrdi tri thtlc tr6 cria ViQt Namgdo 16n tU dao dy, t4i ndi rdng nrii niy rdi lan trhn ddn c6cMidn ddt nudc. Dac biQt ld c5 trinh di6n vd kich tho tich sfiHQn Thi6n Trudng do Lrrong-Ttrd-Sieu sdng t6ctt). Sau d€mvdn ngh6 1i6n hoan ld cuQc tidp xric cria D4ng-V[-Tnl thaym4tph6i doinTrung rldng vdi nh6m cfu Sinh vi6nL?cTriQu,sau khi tldm dao nhfing dd nghi ddu drIQc ghi nhQn dd v6trinh lai Ddng Trudng Trudng-Tfr-Anh. Tdt ci Sinh vi6n SiQuan drloc chia thdnh 3 Trung dQi. M6i Trung <lQi ildu c6 mQtSi quan til cdp Trung riy trd l€n phu tr6ch theo s6t dd htrdngddn v6 moi mit, dio tao cho Sinh vi€n Si quan c6 mQt ndpsdng, mQt ld ldi sinh hoAt qudn su hing ngdy. Hudn luyQnvi6n (Girio quan) li nhfrng SI quan c6 c{p brfc tt Trung tdrldn Dai riy. Chrldng trinh hudn luyQn li chidn thuQt, chidnItrgc t6c chidn cdp Trung dQi. VU kti hudn luyQn gdm c6c lo4isring tnrdn g, cdc lo4i tidu [6n cria Phdp vd Nh{t, <t4i li6n12,7.L3,2, ciic loai sring cdi (bich kich phrio) 81 vh 60, sdnph6o 75 ly vi bazooka, c6c 1o4i hJu clan. Chddng trinh hudniuyQn tdcx4thi hdi d6n dfp vi c6 nhi6u loai vfr khi. Vd sauSinh vi€n Siquan ddu sfrdgng trgc tidp sring th{t vi tlan thQt.

Trong dip Tdt Binh Tudt (1946),Toin TnJdng V6 Bi ddu

(1), Ludng-Thd-Sieu ld mot sinh vi6n crla trudng ten lir Dfc Bovet, vlgia dlnh anh ta 6 phd Bovet Hd nQi, Trong trQn giao chidn vdi CQngquAn 6 BAo Hd, Dfq Bovet da bi thudng nhg, nhung quy6t tidp trJcchidn ddu. Ddn dQt xung phong ddu, anh lA ngrrdi x6ng tdi trudc ti6nn6n d5 ngd gr,tc vA anh d0ng hy sinh vdo cudi ndm 1946'

DAI -vr E-T orfc-oAl -oAu c * r49

duoc [n bilnh chr/ng vd keo, mft do ddng bio vi cd sd Ding6 xung quanh bidu t[ng. Chdu trddng Hoing-Kim-Giai ttdhtrdng ddn nhdn ddn ddn tdn Tnldng rtd tang qui Tdt.

B. DAr vrET LUc ouAN Trdn-eudc-Tudn QUAN TRUdNG(vEru BAI), T0c Id TRU$NG tuc AUAN vEU ant

Ddn cudi th6ng 2 ndm 1946, vi tinh hinh an ninh n6nTrudng da ddi rr] cha Pa vd Y6n Br{i. Khi ddi v6 yen B6i,Tnldng duoc m6nh danh li Dai-ViQt Luc-Qudn Trdn-Qudc-Tudn Qudn Trddng trlc li Tnldng Luc QudnYCn Bdi.

Tinh tnrdng YOn-B 6i thdi bdy gid ld V[-Nguy6n-Hii, mQtding vi0n tri thrlc vi grldng m6u cta Dai ViQr Qudc D0nDing da mn tuy ydm trd cho Trudng v6 moi m{t.

Tnrdng d tr6n Ddn Cao Tinh lyY€n Bdi, tl0y ld mQt c5ncri'quAn sU c5 chu vi ri't rQng l6n, cdcphtlong ti6n ciing tamdAy dri cho Tn/dng xfi dung. TnJdc khi Tnldng Lgc Qudn ddivd day, Ddn Cao thrrdng bi CQng qudn dQt kich hodc baovAy. N6n khi mdi ddi vd, Chi huy trudng Tnldng Luc eu6n liDai t6 Hing tld quydt dinh dtng lrrc lrtong Sinh vi6n Si quandd t6o thanh C0ng quAn tao an ninh cho Tnldng trong c6ngvi6c hu6'n luy€n. Ba nghy sau khi ddi Trudng ddn, Sinh vi€nS1 quan ptrdi hop cDng Qudc Ddn Qudn Tinh YOn B6i doNguy6n-Vinh vd Nguy6n-Duy-Di chi huy md cuQc t6o thanhdd lUng di6t CQng qu6n.

Chi huy trUdng Tn/dng, Eai t6 Hing ddn Sinh vi6n Siquan tidn th8ng vio hdu cr1cfia CQng qudn. Qudc Ddn qu0ndin trdn 2 b6n...Md s6ng thi Qudc Ddn qudn cham sring vdiCQng qudn. Qudc Ddn qudn truy kich, phia chfnh diQn Sinhvi6n Si quan trdn tdi, cit trung doin CQng qudn bi srfc tdnc6ng bdt ngd qu6 mdnh liQt kh6ng chdng crrndi chay t6n loan

150 * coclu cnl,uuq vtrounuou

b6 lai mQt sd vf, khi r6i rut 16n Nga Quiin, vudt qua b6n kias6ng dd chdn chinh lai dQi ngfl. Trong trQn ndy, mQt Gir{oquan ngudi Nhat ten le Qudc vi mQt Sinh Vi6n Si quan t6nDi tfl trQn. Qudc Ddn QuAn c6 2 chi6n si bi thrrong.

Tinh hinh an ninh dd 15ng diu, TnJdng tidp tuc chrtongtrinh hudn luy€n. Lncb{y gid dd c6 m6t sd Sinh viOn Si quanm6n kh6a ddgc drla vd chi huy c6c don vi Qudc Ddn Qu6n,sdcdn lai ddu 6 14i Trudng dd lam Si quan hud'n luyQn vi6ncho Tnldng, Ban Giiio quan d616n ddn tr6n 30 ngrrdi, sdSinhvi€n Sl quan cfrng t6ng vot l6n tr6n 500 ngudi do til c6c Tnrdngnh6 tQp trung lai. Lfc bdy gidTrudng d6 c6 BanTuThrldichthu4t. Ci{c Sinh vi€n Sl quan lai c5 drrgc nhi6u ngudi n6i gi6itidng Nhft, nOn viQc Th6ng ng6n gifla Gi6o Quan ngudi NhQtv) Sinh vi6n SI quan lai drrgc d6 ddng khidn cho viQc giingday cdng th6m hiQu qu6, Ban Am thrrc vi hQu cdn v6n doPhan-Trong-Vinh ddm tr6ch nhu:rg clugc tdng cr,rdng rdt nhi6unhdn su mdi ddm dang drtoc triich vu.

Vd vfr khi hudn luyQn thi rdt ddy dri, phAn ldn ld do Trungrldng tf,ng crldng vi mua th€m duoc v6 khi cria qudn Tiu khih9 nit vd nr.Idc, cdn phAn nf,a ld do d6nh chidm dttoc criaCQng qu6n.

Edn cudi thring 3 nf,m 1946, CQng qu6n huy dQng 2Trung cloin vd dodn Hd X6m (Dai dQi quydt til cria CQngqudn) vd v6y drinhY€n Biii, mQtTrung doin chri h1c bao vdyi.rrOrg Luc QudnYCn B6i (D6n Cao), doin Ud Xam chidmddn di6n B1anc.

Tnrdng Luc Qudn ptrdi hop ctng Qudc D0n Qudn Y€nBAi dd phin c6ng ti6u diQt dich, D4i td Htng dich thdn d6nSinh vi6n Si quan tidn d6nh th8ng vdo ddn di6n Blanc do

DAr-vr ET orfc-oAn.oAruc * r5l

Dodn Ud Xam cria CQng qudn chidm gitr. Mat b6n h6ng,Qudc ddn Qudn tidn ddnh thdc 16n, CQng qudn kh6ng clfchndi pfrii nit vio tl6n md cdthri, Qudc d0n eu6n drra vio diahinh thudn loi tnrc chit{nc6ng vio vi tri cria dich, Sinh vi6nSI quan ding tlai 1i6n bdn thing vdo rldn ilidn Blanc khidncho COng qu6n thiQt hai nhidu, rtdn xdchidu CQng qu6n bidtkh6ng thd nio chdng cUndi dinh th6o lui ra m6t sau cfia d6ndi6n Blanc rdi tQi qua h6Y€n B6i dd chay tho6t. Nhung tr6ncdc cao clidm, Qudc DAn QuAn vi c6c Sinh vi6n Si quanquat dai li6n vd sdn ph6o 75 ly xudng hd, Cqng qu6n ldp bidan, ldp chdt chim vO sd. Thd h doin Hd X6m crla COngqu6n dd bi Sinh vi0n Si quan Tnldng LUc Qudn x6a tdn.

Sau khi Trddng Luc Qudn YOn B6i ddnh tan iloin HdXdm cfia COng qu0n, COng quin phdi mdt m0t thdi gian mdichdn chinh lai duoc hing ng[. Trong rhdi gian y6n tinh niy,TrUdng v6n tidp tuc hudn luyQn vd cung cdp nhilng Si quanddy dfi kh6 ndng cho Qudc Ddn Qudn.

Thi hinh hiQp rl6c sd b0 6-3-46, Qu6n rtQi Ph6p 14i dd b016n Midn BXc phdi hgp cing CQng qudn tdn c6ng vio c6ccdn cf cria Qudc DAn QuAn khdp 6 cdc,Tinh, nhdn sU ctiaTrudng lai tdng l€n nhi6u, nhu cdu vd moi thrl l4i g{p trdngai. Vi vQy ildn ngiry 29-6-1946 Trudng L\rc Qu0nY€n B6icing m6t sdqudc Ddn QuAn rhuQc Tidu khuy6n B6i nit trdvd Lao Kai dd tidp tuc viQc hu6'n tuyQn.

Trd 14i Lao Kai, Trddng kh6ng cdn thudn triy 1o viQchudn luyQn nfla md n4ng phAn rdc chidn <ld ydm tro cho eudcDdn Qudn. Thdi gian niy, Kh6a A (80 dQi A) rld lim t6 ratn/dng; c6 tr6n 100 si quan dE tdt nghiQp.

Nghy 25-ll-1946 Trddng Luc Qu0nYOn B6i dugc lenh

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chudn bi dd rft qudn qua kh6i bi6n gi6i cing vdi Qudc DdnQuAn vh ciin bQ D6ng vi€n ciic cdp. Cflng trong ngiy dy ddxdy ra thdm kich V0-Hdng-Khanh vdy bdt vd sr{t hai c6cgii{o quan Nhdt Bin cria Tnldng.

c. rAu voc ct]A TRUdNGTnrdng Luc QuinYCn B6i li TrudngVO Bf ddu ti6n cria

DAn tQc Vi€t Nam, bdi vi:1) Sinh vi€n Si quan g6m toin ld nhfrng Sinh vi6n cria

c6c Tnldng dai hoc, Cao cl6ng c6 Tri tii b6n phdn trd 16n.2) SI Quan Hudn Luy€n Vi6n vd Sl Quan C6n BQ ddu ld

nhfrng SI quan cfia Qudn dQi Chinh quy (QuAn dQi Nh{tHodng) tilcdp bQc Trung riy trd lOn. Chi huy trudng ctia TnldngIi mOt vi D4i t6.

3) Chtlong trinh hu6'n luyQn ld chidn thuQt, chidn lrrgctiic chidn cfia cdp Trung dQi. Cdc SI quan Cdn b0 (TtTrungriy tr616n) phu tr6ch tilngTrung dQi. Ba th6ng ddu kh6a, ci{csinh vi6n si quan phii hgc tflp vi sdng nhrl mQt chidn binh.Ba thdng kd tidp dudc hudn luyQn rld tr6 thhnh mQt H4 sIquan vh sdu th6ng cudi cr)ng chrdc hua'n luyQn dd trd thdnhmQt sl quan (Chudn fy hoic Thidu fy).

4) Vfl khi hudn luyQn g6m nhf,ng loai tdi tdn nhdt criathdi dy (Sring Trudng, tidu li0n, dai li6n, sring cdi, d4i b6c sonph6o 75Iy, Bazooka, luu dan). Khi ddi vd Yen B6i, Sinhvi€n Sl quan drldc trgc tidp sfi dgng cdc loai v[ khi th{t.

C[ng trong thdi gian dy thi c6c Tn/dng hudn luyQn criaCOng qudn vi c6c Chinh Ddng khric chi c6 kh6 ndng hudnluyQn cho c6c cdp binh si vi h4 SIquan. Ci{c hoc vi6n l4i chisit dung sring 96, l{u d4n vd c6c mO hinh gi6 tao.

Trong sd tr6n 500 Sinh vi6n Si quan cfia Trddng Luc

Dfl -u ET oudc-oAr'r -sAH c * 153

QuAnYCn B6i, m6t sdsau niy duoc tu nghiCp d c6c TnldngV6 Bi Hodng Phd (Trung Hoa DAn Qudc), Di Lat, Sdn T[y,Nam Dinh, Thri Dfc...

\e dA c5 r{tnhi6u ngudi thinh ilat hfru danh nhu:* Trung tudng Ph4m-Xudn-Chidu. Dai S( Biri-Di6m. Tdng tru6ng Dinh-Trinh-Chlnh. Dai tii Pham-Vin-Li6u. VI-D0c-HAi. Nguy6n-Dlnh-Tri. Nguy6n-Ngqc-Thuy. 0do-Nhdt-Tidn...

. Th0 trudng Tra'n-Kim-Phu9ng. Dai Su Ng6-T0n-Dat. Tdng trudng Nguy6n-Tdt-Ung. VI-van-Phdn. L6-Vin-Nhdn. LC-Duc-Hoi. N96-Huy-ChUdng

0i dau sot anh vi nghia ciCrit din em anh dd hy sinhAi ngrrdi cdn nhd odc San

(riAry Nhat San lA 6nB)Duy vi nt6c ban b6 thin nta doiCiic anh hdi: Hung, Ddn, Diing, OudcT6m anh khOng lo vi0c h6i hmng

Ghdn, Hd, Quans, Qud)Dem ldng hmg thinh LUc quinMong dua din toc VN vuon minhNrrdc anh tidn, anh trong din A 6 cnau)Ch6ng qudt cudng n6n da g6p c0ngChiu nhi6u thidu th0n gian nanKhuc deng ltru nhac tiic c6ng nhflng ngiyKhi cu6ng tac bao vay YCn BiiiNtt'c ven s6ng dd kh6 ldy lOnGidi vAy anh dd ra tayChl huyloin bQ dLdi ngay kh6u cLdngOoin h6 xdm tan tinh manh gidpChe't tA md Khui Hgc chidu manhCon lu nhdn thdmui tanh gian hungR0i vin nudc Lac H6ng u 6mKhidn s6,i cudng m4nh Ieh tran lanCqOO ddnh cr"dp, tinh cu6p din gi0i ngrtiu6ng cOng trAng tuyet voi mai mQtTidc nh0ng nstti then chdt thiet thdiThumg cec anh chung chiu gian nant5ng c6ng tidn bdi xa than thiet minhNgLdi xAo quyQt xung vinh trgng oiinKe mft dan nen gidn cdu yOn06i ldi sh6 sili n6i nidmD6i ldi lmr dd cheu con bidt l0ng.

BSHS

CHAPA. YEN BAIG0i vd ciic sinh vi€n sI quan Trutng LUc Oudn YOn Brii.

Ciic anh ching lo vd bdn x(Cdc anh vui h0 tro anh emNgh-n c6ng cao ci dm thdmLuu ni9m clm meh lhinh tdm doi loiB6ng dtmg nhim mot thoi gian khd0uy6i giinh truydn nghigp vd cho nhauDdn chung chiu cinh gi6i dduCu.ng churg trdi cdnh mdy mi bao laKC tu brfi Chapa sing gdK6 trt ngiy bip d6 cha v6iNgiy ngdy luyen tip ven d6iChidn cong chieh thuat gifa troi diiy suungK6 lu nh[ng ddi thong nhan daKd til ranh Phri Tho mon chiinNhgc t6m nhQc s(c tan tlnhKhdp noi ddng n0i c6c anh ching ndCdc anh ching lo vd ben xfPhi md hdi h6 tro anh emGif Tntng deo luyen viec binhOdn ngiy phiii chiu lhi€t thdn dau longNlan budi dang d6m ngon gidtB6ng kidng khua xudl lrdn li6n tangDdn riu tdp hop dac dei

- (Truong chi Dtin dd rau)Ki6m xong qrAn sd ch4y ngay chidn trtBngKhi Vin Phi, Oin H4, Am ThuungKhi Thinh odo, Criu Ph[c, hd bdiVurot song leo nfi bAng d6iX6ng pha th6 tan dAn Bi thiCl thaNhd ro bdi lrr chin B{c t6p

(ili tAp d Bdc tinh Y.B)Ngay sdng sau gian t{c bla vdyDtdi cho tan l[ s6i cdyCdc anh di phi ma't di m$t nguBi

(G.S QuAt bi dail)

r54 * coclu cniun-rpt vA ou,tlldu

VI. THANH LAP MAT TRANQUOC DAN OAruO'

(T0c Mqr TrQn Qudc Gio Chdng Cqng)

CuQc thdchidn thrlII tld lan rQng, c6c Dodn thd, cilc ltlcluQng c6ch mang ViQt Nam d hii ngoai cfing bdt rldu ho4tdQng manh r€n ddt Trung Hoa, nhdt ln Midn Hoa Nam. C6th€m srJ d6ng tinh cria Trung Hoa Qudc D0n D6ng, n€n c6cDodn thd, lgc lrrgng c6ch mang ViQt Nam da tlqp nhdt laithdnh lQp nen VIET NAM cAcu MANG DoNG MINHHQI gqi tdt ta Vr.Er MINH. Trong hQi nghi ngdy 10 th6ng l0ndml942,cu TnIdng-BQi-COng vd cu Nguy6n-Hii-Thdn ddtlrrgc bdu 16n dd l6nh dao td chrlc. Try sd cria ViQt nam C6chMang D6ng Minh HOi clrrgc c6ng khai d4t t4i sd t5 NgfrPhongC6i-Li6u ChAu (Qudng TAY)

DAu ndm l943,licHd Chi Minh (trlc Nguy6n r{i Qudc)dang bf giam gitr trong hang d6 6 Li6u ChAu. CU Nguy6n-Hii-rndn dd thdn hdnh vdo tOn ndi Ad U6o nh0n H6-Chi-Minh dem vd nu6i [n 6, t4i try sd cfia ViQt Nam C6ch mangDdng minh hQi, Hd-Chi-Minh tl6 qu!' xin tuy6n thQ gia nhQpViQt Nam C6ch mang Ddng minh hQi.

Ddn cudi ndm l943,ViQt Nam C6ch mang Ddng minhhQi mudn ph6t tridn td chrlc vd trong qudc nQi, nhdn cd hQinay H6-Chi-Minh dd vQn dQng xin drrQc giao ph6. vd ho4tdQng d bi6n gidi Hoa ViQt. ViQt Nam Cdch m4ng D6ng.minhtrQi ii6n cdp cho H6-Chi-Minh 20 van Qudc tQ vn dAy dri

DAr -vr E-T oudc-oAu-sAr c * r55

gi6'y td hgp le cing vdi 30 cdn b0 do H6-Chi-Minh trl f lgachon trong hdng ngfl cr{n bQ cria ViQt Nam C6ch meng D6ngminh hQi. Trong sdndy c6 Bi O6-ttri-Lac md tr0n drrdng vdnudc hoar d6ng dd bi Hd-Chi-Minh dd trd ddm loan vi bi ildphdi sinh ra mQt drla con gdivdiy.

Vdi phrrong tiQn vh c6n b0 cfia ViQt Nam Cdch mangD6ng minh h6i, H6-Chi-Minh dE ph6t tridn td chrlc manh mElan rQng khdp cdc Tinh trong nQi dia Vi6t Nam gAn bi6n gidiHoaVi6t.

Ddn ndm 1945, Viet Nam C6ch mAng Ddng minh hQigoi tit li Vi6t Minh kh6ng cdn mang dting rinh chdt cfia n6nfa. H6-Chi-Minh da ldi dung danh nghia vi uy tin ctia Vi6tNam C6ch m?ng Ddng minh hQi dd iltra dAn c6c c6n bQ CQngsdn ViQt Nam trong qudc nQi vio td chrlc rdi ndm ldy qudnchring. VIET MINH n[m 1945 kh6ng cdn l] VIET NAMcAcg MANG odNc MINH HOI, kh6ng cdn ti td chrlcquy tU nhfrng Eoln thd Qudc gia yeu nrrdc ctla ngudi ViQtnam d Trung Qudc n[a. Vi6t Minh n6m 1945 Ii mQt danhhiQu dd bi nhfing tOn CQng sin loi dung ldm binh phong ddche d6'u nhfrng d6 tdm ph6n d6n hai nrldc cfia chring.

ViQc loi dung ndy, ddn khi cu Nguy6n-H6i-Thdn vd nUdcd5 cang bidu ngff c6ng khai bu6c H6-Chi-Minh phii gifi ldithd d Li6u ChAu vi kh6ng dugc lqi dung danh ngtria cfia ViQtNam Ciich mAng D6ng minh hQi nffa. Ddng thdi cU Nguy6n-Hii-ThAn cfrng tldi danh xrlng rft ngSn cria ViQt Nam Ci{chm4ng Ddng minh hQi la Vier C6ch (1946). Bi cq Nguy6n-Hdi-Thdn "lAr rdy", Hd Chi Minh fidn ph6i mQt sd th6n tindrlng ra td chri'c lai ViQt Nam D6c L{p D6ng Minh HQi mnCu H6-Hoc-Ldm, Nguy6n-Hdi-Thdn... dd gdy d{ng n6n t4iNam-Kinh vdo thiing 8 ndm 1934. Sau hai nim hoat d6ng, td

rs6 * cocfiu cniln:rq vA oUNsU

chrlc niy da gi6i trin vdo cudi ndm 1935; Vi c6 srJ xdm nhQp. ,! lacua mor so oang vren CQng sin cluoc hudn luyQn trlM4c-Trr-

Khoa drra vd nhtt: Nguy6n-VEn-Lai, Ly-Quan-Hoa, TrAn-Minh cing vdi L€-Ttng-Sdn. Srr phuc h6i cfia VNDLDMHc6 muc dich ngAm bdo chfra cho viQc loi dgng danh nghlaViQr Minh cria H6 Chi Minh.

ViQt Minh nam 1945 ld mOt Mat TrQn gdm nhf,ng t€nCOng sin viQt Nam do H6-Chi-Minh cAm dAu, lqi dung uythd ctia c6c hlc lrrgng c6ch mang Qudc gia mi lila phinhnhdn d6n.

Tinh thdhic bdy gid dbi h6i b6n phia ci{c Doin thd cdchm?ng Qudc gia DAn tOc cAn phdi kdt hop nhau lai dd ddi phO

vdi di6n tidn thdi cuQc vi srr gian manh xio quyQt cria pheCQng sin Hd-Chi-Minh.

Quydt dinh cfia hQi nghf TrDng Kh6nh th6ng 5-1945 vdviQc thdng nhdt 3 Ding c6ch mang: Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding-Dai ViQt Ddn Chinh-Vi€t nam Qudc dAn Ding drrgc tridnkhai vd iip dung.

MOt M4t tr{n (Front) C6ch M?ng Qudc Gia Ddn TQc

drrQc thdnh lQp g6m c6 D4i ViQt Qudc DAn Ddng-Vi0t namQudc Ddn D6ng-DAi ViQt Ddn Chinh vi ci{c Doin thd c6chm4ng kh6c. Hai chinh D6ng chfi ydu cria m[t tr6n ld Dai ViQtQudc DAn Eing vh VNQDD da thuan tinh b6 bdt 2 chfr DaiViet, Viet Nam dd ldy 3 chfl chung ld Qudc Ddn Ding ldmdanh xUng cho mdt trQn. Mat trQn Qudc Din Ding (FrontQDD) c6 ndi cdn goi la Mat TrQn Qudc Gia Chdng CQng,tnrc diQn Adi frang vdi M[tTrQnViQt Minh do H6-chi-Minhvi tQp dodn CQng s6n 16nh dao.

Dfl-vrE-T orfc-0fu-oAle * rs7

n. cd ouAN LANH DAoSu frdi huong cria m6t sd lanh tu c6ch m?ng ViQt Nam

luu vong 6 Trung Hoa d5 lim cho b0 mat chinh trudng ViQtNam th6m s6i dQng. Nhflng k6 xrio quyet phin bQi nhu H6-Chi-Minh thi bi c6ng khai 10t tdy. Nhung adl vOi hing ngflc6c 16nh tu c6ch mAng Qudc gia ddn tQc la mQt co hQi qufbr{u dd cDng nhau chia x6, g6nh vi{c c6ng viQc cria td Qudcgiang sdn.

Ci{c 15nh tu cria MAt Tran Qudc Ddn Ding cla nhdt trivdi nhau vd co cdu vd thdnh phdn l6nh dao, di6u hinh chialdm2bQ phQn:

1) B0 PHAN gi NIAT: Cbn c6 t6n ld tdi Cao Bi MOtChi Huy 86 g6m c6 c6c 6ng:

x Tnlong-Tfi-Anh (Dai Viet)x Nguy6n-Tidn-Hj ( (DaiviQt)* V[=H6ng-Khanh (ViQt Qudc)x Nghi6rn-Kd-Td ffiQt Qudc)* Nguy6n-Trldng-Tam (Ddn Chinh)

2) B0 PHAN CONC KHAI: Cdn c6 t6n li Chri tichdodngdm c6cdcchfcvu:

Chfi Tich Mqt Trfln Qu6'c DAn Ding:+ Tn/dng- Tfi- Anh (DVQDD)Tdng ThrI Kf:+ V[-H6ng-Khanh (VNQDD)

? .^uac uy Yren:+ XuAn-Ttng (VNQDD)+ Nguy6n-Trrdng-Long (DVDCD)+ Pham-Khii-Hodn (Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding)Ban Bf Thr/ Trung LIong:Bi ThuTrUdng:

r58 * cocfiu crriun.lrq vAoUNoU

-, Nguy6n-Tudng-Tam (DVDCD)Uy vi6n:- Nguy6n-TrIdng-B rich (DVDCD)- Chu-B6-Phugng (VNQDD)- Nguy6n-Van-Chdn (VNQDD)- Nguy6n-Dinh-Tri (VNQDD)- Pham-vdn-Hd ryNQDD)- Nghi6m-Kd-Td ryNQDD)- Pham-Ngoc-Chi (Dai ViQt Qudc D0n Ding)- Nguy6n-Tidn-Hf (DVQDD)

,--B. TRU SO MAT TRAN

Tru sd c6ng khai cria M[t TrQn Qudc DAn Ding drrocd4t tai Tnrdng tidu hoc D6-Hru-vi Ha NQi kd tungdy 15-12-1945. Cd cria mdt trdn li: Ndn d6, vdng xanh, sao trdng (Cdsao tr6ng), M4t tr{n sfi dung bni ViQt nam Minh Chdu TrdiD6ng cfia nhac si HDng-L0n ldm Ding ca.

c. cd QUAN NGoN LUaNCo Quan NgOn LuAn cria M4t Tran Qudc Ddn Ddng

gdm c5 nhidu br{o chf. Tai Hd NQi c6 c6c biio:- ViQt Nam.- D6ng Minh, Chinh Ngh1a Gudn brio)- Dudc Vi6t, Thanh Ni6n, Sao Tr{ng.

?-?D. CHU NGHIA CUA MAT TRAN

Itt6i chinh D6ng thdnh vi0n cria Mat Tran til tnrdc dd c6mOt chri nghia, mQt lf thuydt ri6ng biet. Tdi nlm 1945, hAunhrlddn hic phii thdng nhdt ! chi, ttltudng, tin theo mQt drrdngldi, m6t lf thuydt duy nhdt thich hop vdi hiQn tinh.

Dai ViQt DAn Chinh cria Nguy6n Trrdng Tam phung vumOt 19 thuydt c0ng chinh do Nguy6n-Tddng-Tam cl6 xudng,

DAFvE-T orfc-ofu-sAue * 159

tl6 ld su kdt hgp gifra chri nghia Tam Ddn cfia T6n-\trn vdcht ngtrla Ph6t Xit, Qudc Xd dang hi6n hdnh thdi bdy gid.(Theo Nguy6n-Ttrdng B6ch, VNNNLS trang 36) Nhurrg ddnthdi didm 1945, c6ld nhfrng sai lAm vi st/ qu6 <l6ng cria chringhla Phr{t Xit, Qudc Xd d trdi Thy, d5 thd hien qu6 16 rQt laith6m stl lfing cfing cfia Tam DAn chfi ngtria 6 Trung Hoacflng d6 thrlc td khidn cho Nguy6n TUdng-Tam c6 stl xoaychuydn ftong ddng tdtrldng...

Viet Nam Qudc Ddn Ding, trong thdi gian sau 1930, khimOt sdD6ng vi6n ph6i lrru vong sangThu thi cdngkhai cd v6cho chri nghla Tam dAn cria T6n-Trung-Son mi thdi <16 tlangld kim chi nam cria Trung Hoa Qudc Ddn D6ng.

Nhtlng sau khi chiu tryc tidp nhilng di lqy do chi tnrdng"Li6n Nga dung C0ng" hdng phong phri h6a thuydt Ddn Sinhctia T6n Vdn vd nhdt li sr/ hing cring cria Ngii Quydn HidnPh6p cfing cria chinhT6n-Vbn dua ra. C6 16, chinh do nhfrngsr/ kiQn dy dd khidn cho cdc 15nh tu cria ViQt Nam Qudc D6nDdng sau mQt thdi gian lrtu vong b6n xrlTrung Qudc da d{tnhidu nghi vdn ndi nhflng lf thuydt mi anh em Trung HoaQudc DAn Ding dang thlrc thi.

Bdi vfly, khi kdt hop lai rhinh mQr M{r Tr{n duy nhdt,Dai Vi6t Ddn Chinh vi ViQt Nam Qudc Ddn Ding rldu chdpnhQn sfi dung Chri Nghia DAn TQc Sinh ftn lim kim chi namcho todn rhd M{r TrQn Qudc DAn D6ng. Chi bd xung th6mcho phAn lf thuydt Hd Tuong Sinh T6n nhfrng tuQt t6c rQngrdi hon nhhm mgc dich t4o sr/thuQn tiQn cho iltldng ldi ngoaigiao cria Qudc Ddn Ding. Trong mgi sinh ho4t vi fng ph6vdi tinh hinh phii triQt dd 6p dgng Xu Hr/dng Bidn C{i mQtphAn lf thuydt quan trong cria Chfi Nghia DAnTQc SinhSn.

]60 * coclu orinnq vAaUNoU

Trong thdi k,' sau dai chidn thf II, Trung tdm Chinh tricfia ViQt Nam v6n 6 Mi6n Bdc, Hd NOi. Tai Midn BXc thiDing vi6n vd cd sd cria c6c Chinh DirU ddu c6 tl6ng d6o vddAy dfi. Nhrrng tai Trung Viet va NamViQt thi D4i Viet DanChinh vd ViQt Nam Cdch mang D6ng Minh HOi hAu nhrrthrla thdt hodc v{ng b6ng.

Trong khi d Mi6n Bic c6,c Chinh Ding trong M4t TrQn

Qudc Din Ding nhdt td ctrng nhau quydt tam hanh dQngtheo mQt drrdng ldi chfi ngtria duy nhdt thi tai Trung ViQt B6cSi BrJu Hiep, Xrl Trudng Xf B0 Trung Vi6t cria Dai ViQtQudc Ddn Ddng lh ngudi c6 khd ning kdt hgp nhdt. Sau ndyB6c si BtIu HiQp cdn quy tq hdu hdt c6c Ding vi6n trong M[tTrfn Qudc DAn Ddng dd cing vdi cdc cdp b0 trong Xtl bQ

Trung ViQt cfia Dai ViQt Qudc DAn D6ng thr,rc thi Ding vumOt ci{ch d6ng nh6't. SdDing vi6n dy ddu ld nhfrng nh6n vflthfru danh nhrl: Phan-Ng6, Phan-Quang-Bdng, Nguy6n-Lfdng, TrAn-Kim-Hii, Nguy6n-Manh-Huydn, Phan-Khoang,LC -Htru-Khii, Pham-Nhrl-Phi6n, Vinh-Tho, Phan-Th6ng,Nguy6n-Qudc-Tri v.v...

Tai Nam Vi€t, mdc ddu Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn D6ng vhVi6t nam Qudc Ddn Ddng rldu c6 c6c h1c hlgng v[ trang vic6c Chidn khu. Nhtlng sUkdt hop trong MatTr{n Qudc DAnD6ng kh6ng drrqc chat ch6 vh ntr{t tri nhu 6 Mi6n BXc, bdi vic6 nhf,ng tr6 ngai vd tdm lf vd hoin cinh. Khi Nguy6n-Binhvdo Nam BQ v6n cdn dQi ldt ta Oing vi6n ViQt Nam QDD.Ddn Nam bQ Nguy6n Binh 14i cfr hinh lC tf niQm Nguy6n-Thr{i-Hgc rdt trgng thd vi toin kh6p ci Nam B0. Do d6 mQtsdC6n bO ViQt Nam Qudc DAn Ding 6 Mi6n Nam vdn cbnmong dQi 6 ldng trung thinh cria Nguy6n Binh, th€m nffa khithinh lQp Chinh phri Li6n hiQp, V[-H6ng-Khanh lai ld Ph6Chri Tich Qudn ty HQi cfia V6-Nguy6n-Gi6p. Vi vay sg kdt

ofl-uE-Tordc-oAr-oAuc * 16l

hgp gifra Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding vdi ViQt Nam Qudc D6nDring d Midn Nam trong Mat Trfln Qudc Gia Chdng CQngkhOng ch{t che bXng srrkdt hgp vdi Binh Xuy6n, Hba H6ovd Cao Dii.

162 * coclu crrir,nupl vA QUN6U

VII. THANH LAP AUAN DOIs2:?-

OUOC.DAN.DANG:"Qudc Ddn Qudn"

Thi hinh quydt dinh cria HQi Nghi Trirng Khr{nh thdng5-lg45,Dai ViQt Qudc DAn D6ng, ViQt Nam Qudc DAn Dingvi Dai ViQt D6n Chinh da hQp thdnh ra mQt Mdt trdn duynhdt. Chri tich Mat TrQn l) lSnh tu Tnrong TrI Anh. Tr0nphdong diQn chinh tri vd hinh ch6nh da hQp tdc trd thdnhmQtkhdi duy nhdt, cho n6n trong l6nh vtlc qudn sr/clng phiidtloc tr6 thhnh mQt QuAn dQi duy nhdt. Vl vdy c6c lrrc lrrgngv6 trang, c6c Chidn khu cria Dai ViQt Qudc Dnn Ding dddrlng ra kdt hop nhfrng luc lrrong vO trang cl6'a cdc ChinhDang 6 trong M4t Tr{n dd td chrlc thdnh mQt Qudn dQi thuAnnhdt c6 t6n li QuAn DQi Qudc Ddn Ding goi t6t ld Qudc DxnQudn. Tdng TuLQnh Tdi Cao cria Qudc D0n Qudn lh vi ChfiTich cta M{t Tran Qudc Ddn Ding. Tilng ddn vi, trlng cdphfn d6u c6 cl,cvi chi huy hdp nhdt; Nhrrng hQ thdng doc v6td chrlc tilng don vi, cd phQn v6n drrQc duy tri.

Trudc ndm 1945, Vi6t Nam Qudc DAn Ding vi Dai ViQtDAn Chinh d trong qudc nQi kh6ng c6 hlc lugng v6 trang tdchrlc thdnh ddn vi, cd phQn, Chidn khu nhu Dai ViQt QudcD0n DAng. Ciic don vi v6 trang ctia ViQt Nam Qudc DdnDdng chi mdi thinh lQp d Trung Hoa trong nlm 1945 goi ldHii Ngo4i Chi NguyQn Qudn. \n vay khi thinh lQp QudcDdn QuAn, ci{c toiin v6 trang l€ t6, cdnhdn s6t nhQp lai rdt d6ddng. QuydnTdngTuLQnhTdi Cao do Ding tnldngTnrdng

Dfl-uET odc-oAu-oAuc * 163

TfrAnh n6m gifr ndn vi6c chi huy, ttidu dQng til tr6n xudngdudi rdt nhdt tri.

Qudc D6n Qudn li Qu0n <lQi cfia MAt Tran Qudc D0nD6ng c5 huy hiQu g6n trdn n6n li vdng trdn xanh ng6i saotr6ng do d6 nhidu ndi cdn gqi h BO DOi Sao Tring.

Qudn dQi cria M4t TrQn ViQt Minh CQng s6n c6 ten li VeQudc Qudn hay VQ Qu6'c Dodn, huy hiQu gdn tr6n n6n ldvdng trdn d6, ng6i sao ving n6n goi h B0 DQi sao ving. Saotrdng ld Qudc Gia Chdng CQng. Sao ving h Viet Minh CQngSin. Vd sau thrldng goi ld Qudc Qudn vi CQng QuAn. QudcDdn Qu6n dr.Idc trang bi bhng v6 khi crla Phdp cfia NhQt 116

mua dudc hodc ld tdng dfr, sau c6 thOm v6 khi cta Qudn <lQiTrung Hoa DAn Qudc. Qudn phuc cfia Qudc Ddn Qudn phdn

.,td6ng [n mdc gi6ng nhU Qu0n tlQi chfnh quy cfia NhQt ho{cTrung Hoa D0n Qudc.

Khi c6nh quin hii ngoai cing vdi qudnTrung Hoa DdnQudc tidn v6 nddc, Qudc Ddn QuAn (Qudc nQi vi Hii ngoai)dA phdi hop vdi nhau rdt nhip nhing ttring chidn thudt, chidnhloc trong vi6c t6i chidm l4i mQt sd cln crl quOn sU de biCQng qu0n trin ngap. Qudc DAn Qudn tldn t6i chidm mQt noindo li CQng qudn phii b6 chay kh6ng thd nio chdng cgndi.

Trong tinh thAn thdng nhdt cfia Qudc Ddn Qudn dy, chon6n Tn/dng Luc QudnY€n B5i cria D4i ViQt Qudc Ddn D6ngvd sau ndy drtoc thu nhdn tdt ci nhf,ng Sinh vi6n Si quan cfiaMAt Tran Qudc Ddn Ding. Sinh vi6n Si quan ctia TnrdngLuc Qu6n YOn Bdi nhffng kh6a sau li bao gdm ViQt NamQudc D0n Ddng, Dai ViQr D0n Chinh vi cd ViQt Nam C6chMAng D6ng Minh HQi cing c6c Dodn thd Qudc gia chdngc6ng kh6c nfra.

164 * cocfiu crriunrq vAoUN6U

d T*ng ViQt, ngoai trilThanh H6a, cdn cilc Tinh kh6c,vdn dd v6 trang chi c6 tinh ci{ch c6 nhdn, kh6ng thdnh lflpd[Qc nhflng ddn vi, td chfc v6 trang riOng biQt, n0n ho4t dQngcta Qudc Ddn QuAn dudc hda l6n vdi cdc cd sd Ding 6 tUngclia phdong.

Tai NamVi€t, vdn dd v6 trang dudc rO rQthon nhung hdtthiy ddu dua trOn tinh thdn "Dai ca",'Anh Ldn"... qudy quAnvdi thfi 15nh tirng nh6m, tilng phe....Sau ndm 1945,cdc nh6mv6 trang 6 Nam Viet da th6a thudn vdi nhau vi goi nhaubing danh tUChi DOi, todn thd NamViQt hic dy tdng c6ng ld30 Chi DOi. Sau Odi tnann Trung Doin, rdi cudi cing cflngtrd lai vdi danh hiQu Qu0n DQi Binh Xuy6n, Cao Ddi, HdaHio vd ViQt Minh CQng Sin.

Thdi ky dAu B0 DQi An Di6n cria ctia Dai ViQt QudcDdn Ddng ho4t dQng 6 ving Thri Drlc, Gia Dinh, Bi€n Hba,Bd Ria. Sau khi phdi ilodn cria Maurice TdThi6n ra BXc trdvd...cdc con R6ng Xanh cfia Binh Xuy6n nhu Ba Dudng,Ndm Hd, Mtldi Tri...ddu tuyOn thQ gia nhQp D4i ViQt QudcDAn Ding, n€n BQ DQi An Di6n cria Dai ViQt Qudc D6nDing h-o. p t6c vdi Binh Xuy6n thinh lflp n6n trung doin 25AB(An Didn, Binh Xuy6n) c6 c6c c6n bQ cria D4i ViQt QudcDdn Ddng chi huy nhu: Bii-Hru-Phiet, N[m-Tai, TrAn-Kim-Chfc v.v...

Lgc lrrgng v6 trang cria Nguy6n-Hda-HiQp (ViQt NamQudc Ddn Ding) hic d'y dtlQc mQnh danh ld Chi DQi 5.

Ddn khi thinh lQp Qudc DAn Qudn <16 ld thdi k! mi 6Nam ViQt, BO DOi cria Dai Viet Qudc Ddn Ding phdi hgpvdi Binh Xuy6n lQp n€n Trung Doin 25AB. Cdn luc luQngv6 trang cria ViQt Nam Qudc D6n Ddng Mi6n Nam doNguy6n-Hda-HiQp chi huy c0ng md rQng hgp tdcvdicdc hlc

oAr-vrET oufc-omoAnc * 165

lugng v6 trang Qudc gia trong td chrlc cria chi dQi 5.

Trong thdi gian dy thi d Bdc ViQt, Qudc DAn Qudn limQt qudn tlQi thudn nhdt ttrrong ddu vdi CQng Quin vi Ph6ptrdn nhidu chidn tnldng...

166 * coclu cnfun-mrvAOUnltoU

vilr. NHUNG HOAT OQtrtOcOa ouoc oAru ouAN

l. cxtEtt IRUdNG ttEtt vEt't-uOrue cnlVDng Mern g C'6i, Ti6n YOn chay doc xudng Cdm Ph6,

Hirn Gai, la con duilng d6n tU bi0n gi(liTrung Hoa viro Vi6tNam. Trong quii khrf, cdc chidn si Cilch Mang crla Vi6t Namkhi cdn rut lui sangTrung Hoa cfrng thut)ng stldung con dr-ft)ng

n)y. Ngay tilnhfrng nim I 941-1945,Dai ViQt Qudc DAn Ding<li thlnh lQp tai vung niry nhiOu nh6m vO trang. Ddn khi TrudngVir B! ctia Chien khu Lac Tri€u duoc thhnh lap (1945) thivung n?ry lh ct?a ngir ctia Chien khu, didm giao li0n m4t phiaD(rng ctia Chiin khu dat 6 Phe lai. Nhfrng khu vtlc dAn cdchay clhi theo <Iuy0n hai le ncli thuc tAp tdm xa cfia Sinh vi0nTrr/ilng Vo Bi Lac Trie u.

Khi lrJc lur.tng cria V[-Kim-ThInh k6o vd <lti tr<lp tiic v(lic'ic htc lu<1ng v6 trang crja Dai ViQt Qucic Din Ding thinhlAp ne n Sd Do?rn Sao Tr6ng, chd ngu ci mOt gili d{ttUTi0nY0n-M6ng Crii <Iin Cdm Ph6-Hirn Gai-DfingTridu-Phi L4i.

Nguy6n- Binh trlc Nguy6n-Phtftlng-Thio tnl6c kia lir tl6ngvi€n ViQt Nam Qudc DAn Ddng c0a Nguy6n-Thili-Hoc,nhung sau khi bt dey ra C6n Dio bi nh6m CQng Sin DQ III<lAu <1<.rc <I1 ng1 theo TrITddng COng Srin. Lric bdy gid Nguy6nBinh nhQn chi thi cfra C0ng S6n Hd NOi,ltJidung danh nghTa

cfia ViQt Nam Qu<ic DAn Ding 0d teu gAi s{ hgp t6c ctia SuDohn Sao Tr{ng.

Dfl-uET ondc-oAu-sAuc * 161

Bidt am mrtu thAm d6c cfia Nguy6n Binh n6n sdSi quanLac Tri6u vd lttc lugng v6 trang cria Dai ViQt qudc Ddn Ddngtilch rdi kh6i lrrc lrrgng cfia Nguy6n-Binh.

Ddn thring Zndm 1946 vi kh6ng gi6i quydt drroc vdn il6nQi b0 n6n Vfr-Kim-Thdnh dd ddn rlQc trd vd Trung Hoa.Cudi thr{ng 2 nd,m 1946 Su doin Sao Trdng chi g6m c6 sdbinh sI cdn lai cria V[-Kim-Thdnh, hJc hldng v6 trang ctiaDai Vi6t Qudc DAn Ddng, Si quan Lac Tri6u vi mQt sd v6trang cta ViQt Nam Qudc DAn Ddng dd ly khai chdng laiViQt Nam Qudc D0n Ding cfia Nguy6n Binh.

Til d6 ngon cd Sao Tr6ng cfia Qudc Ddn Qudn tung baytnldc gi6 d nhfrng cdn crl'Hdn Gai, M6ng C6i, Ti6nYCn.

Ngiy 22 thdngS n[m 1946 CQng qu6n rQp trung hdn 3tidu dodn tidn d6nh c6c cfi didm cia Qudc Ddn Qudn. dM6ng Cdi, bi phin c6ng nhdt td mdnh liQt, CQng qu0n ph6itan r5. Qudc DAn Qudn truy kich, CQng qudn phii b6 chay raTrd Cd ddn Mfli Ngqc r6i l6n hit ding thuydn Ad nit lui.

Vhi hOm sau, qudn Phrip c6 Kh6ng qudn ydm Ed tUm6rbidn tidn diinh vdo, COng qudn cfrng tdng theo rld phqc rht tUBinh Li6u, Dinh Ldp drinh xudng, Qudc Ddn Qudn c6 thdphii nit lui vd Ddm Hi rdi ua Cdi.

Ddn thring 8 n[m 1946,Phdp qudn ddn hdt nd lrrc tdnc6ng vdo Qudc DAn Qudn, CQng qu6n lai mua chu6c drldcQuAn ilQi bi6n phdng cta Trung Hoa Ddn Qudc n6n ciingthila cd hQi trhn l6n ilinh Qudc DAn Qudn. Vi lUc luong qu6ch6nh l6ch, n6n Qudc DAn QuAn dinh phii rft qua bi6n gidi.MOt sdchidn sl Qudc Ddn QuAn phdn tdn vi cii lai dd ho4tdQng bi mdt trong vDng dich kidm sodt. Vd sau Vf,-Kim-Thenh

168 * cocAu cnffiuplvAoUmoU

dd cirng vdi lrtc hrQng Qudc DAn QuAn rft qua b6n kia bi6ngidi quy tu vd vdi BO DQi Bdc Giang dang d6n trf tai vingNam Ninh Tinh Qu6ng DOng, Trung Qudc.

B. CHIEN TRUdNG VINH PTIuC YEI.Id Vint YCn ngly 22 thdng 8 nf,m 1945, nhdn ddn d6

tham gia mOt cuOc bidu tinh ldn, tQp trung tnldc trai 86o Anbinh trong thi Xa VInhYCn, tai cuQc bidu tinh niy, ddn chringdd tU dQng ha cd d6 sao ving cfia ViQt Minh vii x6 vi truongcao ngon cd sao tr6ng cia M{t Tr{n Qudc Ddn Ding. Til d6VInhYCn nhm tron trong tdmkidm so6tcria Qudc Din Qu0n.

Thdng 9 ndm 1945, Qudc D0n Qudn tdn c6ng PhricYCn,nhung cuQc hdnh quAn ndy dd kh6ng thdnh c6ng vi phuongtiQn di qudn thidu thdn, ch{m chap vd kdhoach bi phdt gi6cn6n cuQc hinh qu0n nfia chUng phii hriy b6. Sau cuQc hdnhquAn ndy tht't bai, CQng qu0n tflp trung tilci{c Tinh Phri Tho,Thr{i Nguy€n, Phric y6n k6o vd bao vdy vi tidn d6nh VinhY6n.

Nhung qua hai trQn d9 sfc 6 Tam Duong vd D6n Bi{p,COng qudn ddu phii thim b4i n4ng nd n€n phii nit lui.

COng Sin l4i tQp trung tdn qudn ptrdi hgp vdi qudn tingvi€n tilThdi Nguy6n sang dd tdn c6ng vdo cf,n cfiTam LQngcria Qudc Ddn QuAn. Nhd vdo hQ thdng phdng thri ki6n cd,

Qudc Ddn Qudn chi chd cho CQng qudn tidn gAn mdi bdn ra,hhng lo4t COng qudn phf,i ngd qui. Nhrlng dang nfia chUngt€n chi huy cria COng qu6n ld LO-NguyOn bi b6n guc n6nCOng qu0n phii v6i vd nit lui, Ad tai tr6n chidn trudng nhidux6c chdt vi v[ khi.

Nhfrng chidn thSng niy dd ldm cho CQng qudn ph[i chirn

oAr-uET orfc-oAu-oAruc * 169

budc, thdi gian t'y Qudc Ddn Qu6n 1o viQc rdn C6n, chinhQuAn, md ldp hudn luy6n qu6n sU, chinh tri cho c6c tdng ldpDing vi6n vd c6n bQ cria Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding, ViQtNam Qudc Ddn Ding vi ciic Doin thd Qudc gia chdng cQng6 trong Tinh, vi6c tuy€n truydn vi cring cdh4 tAng co sd cfiaMat Tran Qudc DAn Ddng cfrng dudc md r6ng ddn c6c vingxa cf,n crl cria Qudc Ddn Quin.

Trudc srJ bdnh tnldng 6nh hddng cria Qudc Ddn Qudn,CQng qudn dd quy tU hon 2 trung doin tilTh6i Nguy6n quavd til Ha NQi l€n dd phdi hop ctng QuAn itQi cfia chring dPhtic YOn, ViQt Tri mi bao vdy tl6nh VinhYCn.

Qua m6t thdi gian cting cd c6c phdng tuydn cria QudcDdn Qudn lai duoc hoin bi hdn, n6n m5c srlc cho CQng qudntdn cOng bhng h6a hJc cr/c manh cfing kh6ng hd lay chuydn.Ngay trong hic chidn trQn dang cao dQ, Qudc DAn Qudn laidtloc tin hii ngoai qudn tl5 cing vdi qudn Trung Hoa vudtbi6n gidi v6 Lao Kai ngiy l5-9-t945,tinh thdn Qi bilng dQy,n€n Qudc DAn Qudn dd chuydn thdthri ra thdcOng tidn tl6nhvio chfi luc quOn cfia CQng quAn dang tl6ng 6 86o Son c6chthi Xa Vlnh YCn 3 Km. Trong rl6m tdi, Qudc DAn eu6n bimat di chuydn ildn s6t b0 chi huy cria CQng qu6n vi rlQt xu6'txung phong vdo nd sring. Bi drinh bdt ngd dt dang lfc dtrong thdc6ng, COng qudn dd phdi t6n loan hing ngfr, bO chihuy bi tan vd, cl,c todn qu6n ngodi trQn tuydn ddu mdt rlAun6n phii tr! dQng th6o lui.

Ddy lui dt/Qc CQng qu6n, Qudc Ddn Qudn tidp tuc cringcdmoi cd sd, td chrfc...

Ddn th6ng 6-1946,D6-Dinh-D4o vi chi ngtii rtdn tii sf,n,ddn didn n6n dd chl'p nh{n hop tdc vdi CQng qudn. rfi vfly

r70 * coclu qriururplvnoUNoU

hdu trdt Qudc DAn QuAn phii phdn tiin. MQt phAn @ai ViQtQudc Ddn Ding) nit vd Y€n B6i, Lao Kai, mQt phAn khric 6Dia phdong tgdQng l6n lQn trong dAn chring dd tidp tuc chdngCQng Sin.

c. cHrEN TRtJdNc PH0-THQ UET'TR|Ngdy lg-6-lg46,COng quAn cho chuydn tt c6c noi ddn

Phri Tho 3.000 qu6n dd bao v6y, b6t dAu COng qudn nd sringvdo d6n binh Nhd thudng rdi tidp ddn nd sfing vdo t{tci cdccdn cf kh6c. CQng qudn nd sfng sudt ci ngiy, nhrnrg QudcDdn Qu0n vin im lflng khOng tri ldi. Ddn 10 gid cl6m 19-6,Qudc Ddn Qu6n mdi drroc lQnh chdng tri lai ndu CQng qudnth4t srr tdn c6ng vho cdn crl. QuAn sd Qudc Ddn QuAn 6 PhfThq chi c6 300 chidn sI md chdng lai vdi 3.000 qudn cfiaCQng Sin, m6t h/c ldong gdp l0 lAn, n6n Qudc Ddn Qudnchi cAm cu drloc 3 ngiy. Ddn ngiy 2l-6-1946 thi Qudc DdnQudn chia lim 2 danvi cing tidn vd ga Phfi Dfc rdi cirngtheo thidt 10 md rft vd chidn khu ViQt Tri.

Trong hic tinh hinh dang rdi ren, Ddng Tnldng Trfdng-Tfi-Anh c5 cr? Trdn-Trung-Dung gif, chrlc vu chi-huy-sf ddkidm tra vd ddn xdp tai c6c Tinh Mi6n Trung Du.

S6ng ngiy 17 th6ng 6 ndm 1946,TtdnTrung Dung c6ddn chri toa mQt 16 thuong k! tai Tinh Ding B0, ViQt-Tri. Khicd vrla k6o l6n thi ddy cd lidn bl dtlt. Sau budi 16 CQng qu0nddn khi6u chidn, Qudc Ddn QuAn Hdn vtlQt qua s6ng BachHac doc theo con d€ v6 phia VInh Trldng tridn khai dQi hinh

. P , ttva no sung Dan rar Cdng S6n, hai bdn b6n nhau mdy tidngil6ng hd, COng quOn bi mdt thdchri dQng nOn phii rut lui.

Ngdy 2l-6-lg46,C0ng quAn huy dQng 7 (Biy) tidu doincing vdi ciic hlc lugng v6 trang tdng cQng ddn 3.000 quAnk6o cldn bao vdy Viet Tri.

DAFVTET oudc-oAu-oAuc * 171

Luc hlong cia Qudc D0n QuAn tdng cdng cd cdc hlcldQng v6 trang khSc chi c6 drloc tdng sdchrlng hon 300 qu6n.

S6ng sdm ngi,y 22-6 CQng qudn chidm dudc MO ChuDa, Qudc Ddn Qu0n 1i6n td chrlc cu6c phdn c6ng, C6ng qu6nphdi rrit lui kh6i Bd Sao. Qudc DAn Qudn ridp ruc truy kich.CQng qu0n goi vi6n binh cldn, dIc bi€t trong sdviQn binh cfiaCQng quAn lai c6 8 (t6m) quAn nhdn ngddi Phdp lo vi6c b6ntrong ph6o cDng vdi c6c d,ai phiio cria Qudn dQi ph6p t6ngcildng. Nhrrng fddc srlc chidn d6'u ki€n cUdng vi gan da cfiaQudc Ddn QuAn, C6ng qudn vi Phrlp ddu phdi d4i bai. Trgngph6o cfia Ph6p qudn d5 bi Qudc Ddn Qudn v6 hi6u h6a,CQng qudn d5 c5 m6t trung dohn rnrdng rrong rhrrong. B0 dQiHing-Phong thi€n chidn cfia Chidn khu Thrii Nguy€n COngSin bi chdt qur{ nfra. Sr/ rhiet hai vd phfa eudc D6n eu6ndrrdc ghi nh6n li rdt nhe.

Sau hi6p dinh sd b0 6-3-1946, ph6p dd b0 trii chidm BXcViCr, V6-Nguy6n-Gi6p vd H6-Chi-Minh d6 nhi6u ldn tnrctidp van xin cdu khdn Phr{p qudn tdng cr-rdng cho C6ng qudnnh6't l) phr{o binh dd ti€u diQt cric Chidn khu vd c6c cdn cficfia Qudc DAn QuAn. Tai ViQt Tri lAn ndy, eudc D6n eu6ndd phSt gi6c drroc srrhi6n di6n cfia phSo binh ph6p qu0n r[ngcudng cho C6ng qu6n, li6n tiep vd sau ch8ng nhfrng ld ph6obinh mh lu6n cd bO binh Phi{p qudn cflng phdi hop vdi CQngqu0n dd tA'n c6ng vdo Qudc D0n Qudn.

Mdc dAu da that baitrong ngdy 22-6-1946. nhdng CQngqu6n v6n tdng crldng luc luong vd tidp tuc bao v6y b5n phr{cdc cd.n cf cria Qudc DAn QuAn, nhdt ld h6a lUc cria ph6obinh Ph6p qudn dd lim cho srrdi chuydn cfia Qudc DAn eu6nth€m kh6 kh6n.

172 * coclu oriun-rcI vrt oUNdU

Vl vfly ddn tdi ngdy 25-6-1946, Qudc Ddn Qudn rft kh6iViQt Tri tidn dAn v6 Yen B6i rdi Lao Kai.

D. CHIEN TRUdNG YEN BAI.LAO KAITai Y€n B6i c6 2 cdn crl quAn sU nhm gAn nhau cl6 li

D6n Cao vd trai LO Drrdng, COng qudn dd nhidu ldn tidndl,nhZcdn ctl ndy nhrlrg ddu bi thim bai.

Trung tudn th6ng 12-1945 Qudc Ddn Qudn tidn chidmBin Hdc, c6ch YOn B6i 82Km vd phia Tdy, nhrtng CQngqudn lai tQp trung qudn trlBXc Giang, Bdc Kan, Th6i Nguy6nd6n ten tdng sds.o00 qudn tidn d6nh dd chidm lai Bin Hdc,nhd dia loi Qudc DAn Qudn phbng thri ki6n cd n6n 5.000qu6n CQng S6n bi tdn hai nflng nd r6i pnei rut lui.

Vho ddu ndm !946, vi srJ t6i hoat dQng cria QuAn dQiPhdp Tr/ Do, n€n cldn th6ng 3-1946Trddng Luc Qudn V6 Biph6i rdi b6 Cha Pa ddi v6 p6n Cao YOn Br4i; VUa ddn, vi chiiruy tnrdng cfia Trudng li Hing-San (Ong Hirng)tld nhQn thdy16 sr/ ph6 rdi cria COng qu6n n6n quydt dinh md mQt cu6chhnh qudn tidu tnr CQng qudn tao su an ninh cho viQc hoc tQpctia Sinh vi€n Si quan.

Lrrc hrQng sinh vi6n si quan dd dtloc sgydm trQ cria QudcDAn QuAn TinhYOn bdi thrlc hiQn cuQc hinh qu6n ddnh tanchJoc ci Trung-cloin CQng qudn.

Cudi th6ng 3 nlm 1946, CQng quln tflp trung hdn Ztrungdodn, bdn m{t tidn d6nhY0n B6i, trung dodn CQng qu0n diaphUong tdn c6ng vdo d6n Cao (Trddng LUc QudnYOn B6i)va trai LC Drlong, trung dodn Thr{i Nguy6n tidn d6nh GdChDa bhng 2 mdt, mQt m{t do dai d6i quydt tt? chidm ddndidn Blanc rdi tdn c6ng sang Gd Chia, chri h1c cria trung

DAI -vt ET oudc- oAr'r-oAr,r c * 173

dodn thi tr) chr)a Br{ch LAm tdn c6ng sang.

Qudc DAn QuAn li6n tlng crrdng cho d6n Gd Chta m6tTidu dOi xung kich, Tidu dQi ndy vilalang vi6n tdi noi thi gapngay ltlc lugng xung kich cria C6ng quAn n6n 2 b6n giaotranh nhau phia b6n ngoii ddn. Bi giao rranh bdt ngd, COngqudn kh6ng r5 dr/oc thrlc lUc n6n ddnh rf t qu6n.

Nhrrng lrrc lrrong cht ydu cria C6ng qu6n v6n v6y hdmvd cOng phri d6n Gd Chia trong sudt m6t tudn 16, c6 d6mph6o kich vdo d6n hdng rrlm qui dan.

Sau m6t tudn 16, vdo hic 3 gid s6ng, eudc Din eu6n d6ptrdi hop vdi Tnldng Luc Qu0ny6n B6i d6nh tan duoc c6clrrc lrrong CQng quAn.

Thdt bai trAn ndy, CQng qudn mdi nhAn 16 drlQc sfc manhcria Qudc DAn Qudn vi Trudng Luc eu6ny6n Bi{i, tr}d6 luiqudn vd Au Ldu, rdn luy€n lai qudn si.

Ngny 29-6-1946, Vfr-H6ng-Khanh vd nh6m cria 6ngchay theo quAn Tiu cfrng dd tdi vi drlng chAn nghi tai y6nB6i.

Ddn 30-6-1946,m6tsdqudc DAn eudn cDng vdi TnrdngLuc QuAnY€n Brii rrit trd v6 Chidn khu Lao Kai. Chidn khuY€n Brii drroc tlng crrdng bdi m6t sd qudc D6n eu6n ctaPhri Tho vd Vi6t Tri mdi vrla k6o ddn, quAn sd qudc DanQuAn 6 taiYCn Brii hic dy kh6ng quri 400 ngUdi, n6n thtrongtudn th6ng 7 -1946, CQng quAn lai xua l€n bao vdy yen B6iQudc Ddn QuAn r6p rrung vd Nga eur{n Ad aantr tQp hau,Dai dQi CQng qudn dang bao vAy mQt Trung dQi eudc D6nQudn d Bei Dugng. Bi6p hQu, CQng quAn phin ri,ng kh6ngkip bi thua ro 0d lai 24xdc chdt va 8 CQng qudn bi b6t sdng-,

174 * cocAu oriun-rplvnaUNdU

trong d6 c6 mQt Dai dOi trddng, mQt Trung dQi tnrdng vi mOtc6n bO ch6nh tri, Qudc Ddn QuAn tich thu dudc 4 dai b6ccing nhi6u sring trddng vi dan duQc.

Trddng Luc QuAnYCn B6i khi rdt trd vd Lao Kai 14i tidptuc viQc trridn tuyqn quAn sd, laic6 md th6m mQt ldp hudnluyQn c6n bO tai Mrrdng Hum cld hudn luyQn m6t sd thanhni6n tn/c tidp thr,rc hdnh chidn ddu do Hoing-C6n phu tr6ch'

Lfc bdy gid tai Lao Kai, sd qudc DAn Qudn vd c6n bQ

cdc cdp tdp trung 14i kh6 d6ng c16o, nhrlng CQng qudn 14i

dOng g6'p.10ldn, vi vQy Qudc DAn Qudn ph6i nit vho Chidnkhu Sflp Nhi LAu, ndi tidp girip vdi biOn gidi Hoa ViQt viongdy 25-1 l-1946.

Khoing 12 gtd tnra ngdy 25-ll-1946, khi Trudng LUc

QuAn dangifia so4n cuQc hdnh qudn nit vdo Chidn khu S{pNhi ldu-Sau bffa tiQc linh dinh, mQt Gido Quan ngudi Nhftt6n ViQt Nam ld ThAn tQp hgp ci4c Sinh vi6n SI quan tai gi6ngdrrdng vd tuy6n bd:

';Trorg khu v4rc cfia chilng ta mdi ngdy mQt thu hgp,nhntg chilng ta ddm ruyAn bd c6ng khai rdng chilng ta chuathua m6t rAn ndo! Cdp ldnh dqo & ddy ttnh chuyQn rfit luisang Tdu, nhtmg chting ta nhdt quydt khbng chiu trdn! Chilngta cdn gidng mdu Viil chdy trong ngudi, chilng ta c6 silng,clqn, chring ta sd cd ddi vd sd cd giang son riAng crta chilngta... "

N6i ddn ddy t{tcir cilcsinh vi6n Si quan ddu ndng nhiQt

hoan ngh6nh Gi6o Quan ThAn vi ddu dbi di vio rilng l{pChidn khu chdng Th{c ddn vh CQng Sin ddn k}'cDng'

Trong sd Sinh vi6n Si quan lai c6 ngudi ld thdn tin criaVfr-H6ng-Iftanh vd b6o c6o vdi Vfr-H6ng-Khanh ld: " C6c

DAr-vrET oudc-oAu-oAuc * 't75

Gi6o Quan Tnldng Luc Qudn d6 bi mdt may cd, mt, v.v...chudnbi ddn d6m khuya sE td cd, 16 xong [n chiio rdi k6o nhau ratheo ViQt Minh CQng Sdn".

[Nghe b5.o c\o nhU vdy V[-Hdng-Khanh hdn ra l€nh bdtri chd toin thd Sinh vi6n Sl quan 16n drrdng thi bao vdy b6thdt cl,c Gi6o Quan dda ra cdu Ldc Ldu thfi ti6ul (TheoHodng-Vdn-Ddo, VNQDD trang 427).

Ban Gi6o Quan cria Trudng V6 Bi Luc Qudn lh do Dingtnldng Tnldng- Tfr- Anh thdnh lflp tr) ha biln ni6n nlm 1945do srJ chi6u tQp nhfing sI quan cria Qudn dQi Nhat Hodngg6m todn nhfrng Si quan cdp t5, vi c6'p riy drfoc nuOi drtdng,sdn s6c cdn th{n tai Hi NOi. Sau ndy drroc Ding TnldngTrtrdng TfIAnh dda l€n dd thinh lQp TnJdng V6 Bi Luc Qudnvi v6n tddng thrldng c6ng lao cria hg bing vdng, do <16 tQpthd Gido Quan ndy lAu ngiy dd ddnh dum drroc cflng khi{nhi6u.

Tr€n dudng rong ru6i theo qudn Tdu, tilVi€t Tri 16n PhriTho,YOn B6i, 86o Hi ddn Ldo Kai, ndi ndoV[-H6ng-Khanhvi sdngrldi thAn tin cfia 6ng cflng cdtdm tao n0n nhfrng tinhhudng nhhm d6n Qudc Ddn Qudn vdo phrlong thdphii tudntheo l6nh cfia 6ng rdi b6 c6c cd,ncrl dd nit lui sang Tiu.

Trong hic Qudc D0n Qu6n rU Vier Tri k6o 16n Phri Thoddn ling YOn K!, Qudc DAn QuAn tam dilng qudn lai ddnghi ngoi, cr4c b0 ph6n th6m b5o cfia Qudc DAn Qudn dd xdcclinh ldng YCn Kj, li mQt ndi sho huyQt cria C6ng Sin vi ttdnghi Qudc Ddn Qu0n phdi c6 bi6n ph6p manh thich f'ng vdihiOn tinh.

[Nhrrn g V[ -H6ng-Khanh vd Nguy6 n-Trldng-B rich lai ci

176 * coclu orilmncl vA oUN-6U

quydt lh d6n ldng Y€n Ky tfi td, Oan ldng sE gSnh cdm ddntidp tdcho Qudc Ddn Quin.

Theo lQnh, Qudc DAn Qudn phii t{p hgp tai dinh ldngYCn K)'xdp thinh hing dd chd ldnh cdm.

Qudc Ddn QuAn clang trong thd hnng ngt chinh t6 chddqi l6nh cdm thi xung quanh tidng sring cfia CQng qudn ndddu bdn xdi xi vdo sdn dinh lingl (Theo Hoing-Vdn-Dio,VNQDD trang 407).

Qudc Ddn QuAn k6 chdt ngudi bi thuong, nhfrng ngrrdicdn lai thi 1o viQc chdng trit ngay.Tuy ld bdt ngd, Qudc DdnQudn nhd vdo sd d6ng vd vfl khi si'n sing tr6n tay, n6n quamQt vii phrit dQtbidn, Qudc Din QuAn trdn 6p lai dtloc CQngqudn phuc kich b6n ngodi.

Qua trdn bi phuc kich ndy, Qudc Ddn Qu0n tdt ch6'nndn, mQt m6i...moi ngrrdi ddu thdt lac, mdt m6t hdt moi trltrang, tii sdn 1o k6o nhau di chuydn di ndi kh6c... [Nhrrng vocria Vfl-H6ng-Khanh v6n kd ke khe nQ b6n minh mQt chidc"ket s6t", bA ta danh phii giao cho mQt ngddi thdn tin hidnldnh nhdt Id Lf -XuAn-Lim lo vi6c viic h0 chidc "k6t s6t" mamgi ngddi ddu tin le mQt k6t vdng. Chidc "k6t vdng"ndy ld doVfl-Hdng-Khanh crrdp drtoc cfia mQt c6n b0 kinh tdi Dai ViQtQudc Ddn Ding t6n th Hrrdng. Chinh Vfl-H6ng-Khanh ddcrrdp k6t vdng dy til tay cta c5n bO Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn EingHr.Idng vd gidt chdt c6n bQ Hrrdng b6 xr{c 6 bdn phe VietTril(Theo Hodng-Van-Ddo, VNQDD trang 408). Trong vq dy,Vfl-Hdng-Khanh cdn toan s6t hai ci Ph4m-Cinh-Hoin (trfcHy-Tdng), mQt Ding vi6n cao cdp ctia Dai ViQt Qudc DinD6ng cl6 tilng chi'ng chung vdi V[-H6ng-Khanh trong BanL6nh D4o cria M{t Tr{n Qudc DAn D6ng.

oAr -vr E-T oudc-oAt-siu e * 177

TU nhtrng vq si{t h4i nQi b0 nny r6i ddn vU he s6t cd mQttflp thd Gi6o Quan cta Trudng Luc Qudn YOn B6i rl5 limcho hdng ngfl Qudc DAn Qudn xao xuydn, giao d6ng, nhdt Iihdng ngfr Si quan tr6 hi6n dang tnlc tidp chi huy Qudc DdnQudn chidn ddu.

d rguy trong hing ngfi ViQt Nam Qudc D0n DAng cfiaV[-H6ng-Khanh, ho Vii cf,ng t6 ra hidu sr{t. [Khi rloin eudcD0n Qudn vudt qua kh6i ng6 3 Hanh CD, Dio Gie dd tidn vdYCn B6i, DOi SrIu li mQt Ding vi6n Vi6t Nam Qudc DdnDdng cl6 ttng phuc vU tai Tinh Phri Thq c6 mua drIOc m6tcdy mia cria d6n ling, din ra lim 6 doan vd dem hdt th{yddn dd mdi Vfl-Hdng-Khanh ding trddc, hg Vii trldng ldm hDOi Srru d6 chit tr6m mia cria d6n ldng lidn nit sring di viongdc cria DQi SrIu ddi b6n, DQi SrIu thi crl tin ch6c ti mia tl6mua tnlc tidp cfia d6n ldng trd tidn sbng phing, tt/6ng rhng ho

chiu, nhtng em c6 bidt sg srtng ddu"

Thd la Vfr-Hdng-Khanh ttlc khi b6p cd sfng, DOi Srrungd ldn ra chdt tdt. Cdc ban bd cfia D6i Sffu x6ng lai dfnhdDng sring b6o thD cho DQi Sfru, nhd anh em ctia Qudc DdnQudn ngln chdn kip n6n m4ng sdng cfia hq V[ mdi cdn gifidtlgcl (Theo Hodng-Van-Ddo, VNQDD trang 409).

D. CHtgN TRUdNG BtEN etot HOA-VrETTrCn drrdng nit vio Chidn khu SQp Nhi Ldu, Qudc Ddn

QuAn lu6n lu6n bi CQng quarr truy kich nhtlng ttdu ctdy tuirlugc.

Trong thdi gian nXm sdt canh bi6n gidi niy, Qudc DdnQudn chi di d6ng quanh ving tt Phong Thd ddn Binh Lrr.

178 * coc[u orfum'tn1 vAoUNdU

Ddn thuong tuAn th6ng 5-1947, qudn Phdp k6o tldn tdnc6ng cdn crl Yao San, Qudc Ddn Qudn du cho qudn Ph6ptidn siu vdo gong kdm mdi nd sfng, qudn Phr{p bi bdt ngdn€n b6 chay t6n 1o4n dd lar 14 xi{c chdt.

Thtla tr6n thdng niy, Qudc DAn QuAn ddn lrrc hrQng ddtdn c6ng ph6o ddi Phong Thd cria Ph6p, nhrlng ph6o dhi qu6kiOn cd, lai c6 hQ thdng brio dQng tdi mn n6n phdt gi6c kipclao qu6n cim tfi cria Qudc DAn Qudn, tung hlu d4n vd b6nra qu6 df,dQi, ddn hic trdi sr4ng Qudc DAn Qudn phii rft lui.

Qua mQt thdi gian giao tranh le te bdi nhflng trQn dQtkich vd tdn c6ng qua lai, ddn 20-1-1948, Ph6p b6t ddu tdngtdn c6ng Qudc Ddn QuAn, Phrlp tQp trung tohn thd lgc lugngngdy il6m rlp s6t cdc cdncrl cfia Qudc DAn Qudn, Qudc DdnQuan lai rdi vdo tinh trang hdt dan, n6n chi cdn bidt cdm cumi tim tlrldng rut qua bi6n gidi vdo ngiy 22-2-1948.

Sang ddn l6nh thd Trung Hoa Ddn Qudc, Qudc Ddn Qu0nViQt Nam tni d6ng d huyQn Kim Binh.

it l6u sau huyQn Kim Binh l4i c6 thd phi dia phrrong ndi16n chdng Chinh phri, huyQn drrdng Kim Binh dd ldm nguyn€n Huy6n Tnrdng nhd Qudc Ddn Qudn gifp dd, Qudc DdnQu0n de tiiiv6 trang 14i vi trong thdi gian mdy tidng d6ng hdda diQt tan gAn 300 thd phi.

Sau tr6n d6nh dgp thd phi tr6n ddtTrung Hoa niy, QudcDin QuAn lqi phdn t6n dd tim kd sinh nhai. MQt sd chidn sldd tilng sdng tr€n ildt Trung Hoa thi quen bidt nhidu n6n d6ra di trudc ddn ddn diu d6t nhau ldm quen vdi cuQc sdng mdi.

Trd lai ildt Trung Hoa, Vfi-Hdng-Khanh vh nh6m th6n

DAFvIET oudc-oAl-oAuc * 179

tin nhu ld c6 gap ntldc, bdi vi hg Vt vi nh6m thdn tin ddnhi6u ndm sdng nhd 6 ndi nhy. NQi tinh cfia hing ng0 QudcDdn QuAn thdi b6'y gid ita phdn ra lim 2 phe rd rQt. H9 V[cfing trl qudy quAn xung quanh dr/gc mQt nh6m thdn tin hduhdt ld nhfrng Ding vi6n Vi6t Nam Qudc Ddn Ddng rrudc kiadd tUng sdng lrru vong 6 Tiu vi mQt sd it Qudc Ddn Qudnnguy6n ld nhffng Ding vi6n mdi drrgc kdt nap trong thdi k]M[t TrQn Qudc DAn Ding (1945-1946), vi cdn bd vd, 14 tDngchua quen duoc vdi m6i trudng mdi, phii drta vio ho Vfr <tdtam sdng.

HAu hdt Qudc Ddn Qudn cdn lai, nhdt li thinh phdnnguy6n li Ding vi€n Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding <tdu quy tgb6o boc vdi nhau thhnh mQt khdi duy nhdt v6n grfi viihg dtrdngldi va tinh thAn dodn kdt thuAn nhdt cfia MAt Tran Qudc DdnDing. TU d6't Trung Hoa niy lai t6i ph6t viQc kdt tQi Vfr-H6ng-Khanh, phd b6 chrlc Tdng Thtr Kf cria h9 V[ trongM[t TrQn Qudc Ddn Ding vi cdn ddi h6i trudt hfiy Dring tichcria ho V[ trong hdng ngfl ViQt Nam Qudc Ddn Ding. Nguy6n-Tr/dng-Tam vi XuAn-TDng ctng vdi mQt sd cdp bQ Trungrrdng kh6c cfia ViQt Nam Qudc Ddn Ding chfng ra 16nh daomOt Phong trdo cring cdtinh thdn doin kdt keo son ctia MdtTrdn Qudc Ddn Ddng bXng c6ch st?dgng danh xdng h QudcDdn Ding ViQt Nam c6 nghia la MAt Trfn Qudc Ddn Ddngcfia ngrrdi Vi6t Nam chrl kh6ng phii lh mQt nh6m nh6 ViQtNam Qudc Ddn D6ng nhrrVfl-Hdng-Khanh tUxung... Ri6nghq Vfr vi nh6m thdn tin thi cr16m ch{t ldy danh hiQu QudcDdn Qudn, Qudc Din Ding tld giao tidp vdi Chinh quydnTrung Hoa Ddn Qudc.

Hdng ngfl D4i ViQt Qudc D6n Ding trong Qudc DdnQudn khi sang ddn ddtTrung Hoa 14i li6n lac drlQc vdi nhilngphr{i dodn ngoai giao mi Ding Trudng Trudng-Tfr-Anh de

r80 * cocAu cniNruq vAOUNsu

gdi sang Trung Hoa DAn Qudc tr] tnldc n6n drrgc truydn d4tvd cl6 chdp nhQn quan didm ciac6c ph6i dodn ngoai giao,nhfrng nhdn dinh tinh hinh, hr/6ng cli trong tudng lai...Do d6cdc cdp bQ, Trung rrdng cria Dai ViQt Qudc Dnn Eing ddlSnh dao Qudc D0n Qu0n drlng vd phia cdc cddng qudc ddngminh Thy Phr/ong Anh, Phrfp, M!, cdn V[-Hdng-Khanh thinhdt t6 thdc hien theo dt/dng ldi chri trddng cfia Trung HoaD6n Qudc.

Tnrdc sfc manh cria Qudc Ddn Qudn do ciic cdp fiy Trungddng cria Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ddng 16nh d4o cing vdi srrchdng ddi mdnh liQt cria Nguy6n-Tr/dng-Tam, Xudn-Tingvd c6c cd'p riy Trung ddng cria ViQt Nam Qudc Ddn Ding,V[-Hdng-Khanh phdi tr/b6 hdng ngfr Qudc D6n Qudn dd vdsdng 6 Qudng Ch0u.

E. CHIEN TRUdNG gAC OIAIIIG-LANG SdNCo sd li€n Tinh Ding bO Bdc Ninh, Bdc Giang, L?ng

Son do V[-Dinh-Huy0n ddm triich. DAu ndm 1946, mQt trysd c6ng khai duoc thidt 14p tai D6p Cdu @5c Ninh). Ddnth6ng 2-1946 thi COng qu6n ddn tdn c6ng, nhd chidm drlQcldi rhddia hinh n6n Qudc DAn Qu6n dd ph6n c6ng m6nh liQt,COng qudn tdn thdt ndng nd danh phii nit lui.

Ddn thrlng 7 -1946,1rrc luong qudn sd d BXc Ninh vd m6tphdn cria Chidn khu Lac Trieu ddu nit ddn 16n BXc Giang,hic bt'y gid dtldc TriQu-Giang (tt1c Pham-Cao-Hing) nguy6ntd ttllQnh Chidn khu Lac TriQu, ki6m chi huy tn/6ng TrddngV6 Bi Lac TriQu ffing cudng dd cDng vdi Vfl-Dinh-Huy6n love vrec quan su va ro vi6c nit qu6n l6n Lang Son. Ddn LangSdn, Qudc Ddn Qudn chidm giit cdc didm trgng ydu d b6nngohi, cdn luc hrgng Phgc Qudc QuAn cfia N6ng-Qudc-Longthi chidm tt6ng d trong thinh Lang Sdn, nhrlng N6ng-Qudc-

oAr-urET orfc-ofu.sAruc * rar

Long dd d6ng l6a vdi qudn Trung Qudc nir b6 trdng thinhLang Sdn, dd cho cQng qudn don phrrong t6'n c6ng eudc D6nQudn. CQng qu0n lai t{p trung ltrc lrrong d6ng gdp 2,3 Hn vit6'n c6ng Qudc Ddn Qu6n 6 crl didm thinh Lang Son vi K)Lrla, Qudc DAn Qudn da dO bep clugc hrc luong CQng qu6nnht't ta tai m{t trQn K}' Lila do Pham-Cao-Htng chi huy,CQng qudn cdn sdng s6t il[ tlAu thri, quy thuQn vdi eudc D6nQuAn. Nhung Pham-Cao-Hing s0 bi nQi tuydn n6n khUdc tt.

Thdi gian Qudc DAn Qudn chidm gitrLang Son d6 demlai sinh khi cho nhdn d0n, dn dinh lai moi sU dd v0, trd ngaido phdn tranh tao n6n. Nhung CQng qudn l4i k6o rldn baovdy 1i6n tuc, tao dAn cho Qudc Ddn Qudn mQt srr c6 lQp vdmoi mdt.

Cudi thr{ng 8-lg46thi Qudc DAn Qu6n bdt ddu nitkh6iLang Son. TrCn drrdng rft qudn ddn Tam Ludng, CQng qu6nlai phgc kich, Qudc Ddn Quin ddnh tan rd duoc CQng quinvi tidp ruc nir qu6n. Ddn La Ph6t, eudc D6n eudn itOt kichchidm crl didm La Phrlt cfia C6ng qudn.

CQng qudn lai huy dQng l{c hldng htng hdu, d6ng 116oddn bao v0y Qudc D0n QuAn sudt ngdy d6m. Cudi th6ng 9-1946, Qudc D6n Qudn md drrdng m6u vUdt qua bi6n gidiHoa ViQt ddn tlia phdn huy€n Minh Giang (Qudng my).

Ddn ldnh thd Trung Hoa, Qudc Ddn Qudn tni ngg 6 3noi ld Minh Giang, Ninh Minh, Tdlac.

ChEng bao lAu, phrii doin qudc nQi cr{c dring vi6nNguy6n-Quang-Minh, Nguy6n-T6n-Hodn vd TriQu-Nguy6ncflng vila ddn Nam Ninh. Ph6i ttoin rt6 chuydn giao nhitngm6n qud tinh thAn vi nhf,ng chi thi cfia Ddng Tr[6ng Tnrdng-

r82 * cocfiu cniun-tpl vA oUrruou

Trl-Anh cho cdc ding vi6n Vfl-Dinh-Huy6n, Hohng-Thtic-Tri dai diQn cho BO DOi BXc Giang Qudc Ddn QuAn ctngc6c ding vi6n Nguy6n-V6n-LInh, Phing-B 6 -Kh6nh, Ly -Phi-Hing...

BO dQi Bdc Giang Qudc Ddn Qudn khi sang ddn lInhthd Trung Hoa, nh6n sdc6 tr6n 400 ngrrdi kd ci c6n b6 chinhtri.

TU khi njt ra kh6i bi6n gidi, Qudc Din QuAn dttoc cgVfi-Dinh-Huy6n chi huy vd qurin xuydn moi c6ng viQc. Nhdsr/ hy sinh vi tinh gan da cfia cu V[-Dinh-Huy6n n€n QudgDAn Qudn 6 ciinh qudn nhy drloc thudn nhdt vd dodn kdtch4t ch6 nht't drroc gqi ld B0 DQi BXc Giang'

Qudc DAn Qudn trong c6nh qudn tUMi6n DOng (M6ngC6i, Ti6nYCn) rft sang cing vdi V[-Kim Thdnh cfing dd vdhgp nhdt vdi B0 DQi BXc Giang lQp thhnh mQt lt/c luong vdtrang kdt hdp keo sdn ve hing m4nh nhdt d hdi ngo4i. TrongItIc hlgng nhy thinh phAn chri h/c ld B0 DQi Bdc Giang criaDai ViQt Qudc DAn Ding kdt hgp vdi mOt sd v6 trang ctiaViQt Nam Qudc Ddn Ddng vi ViQt Nam C6ch Mang E6ngMinhHOi (ViQtCdchcfia cu Nguy6n-Hii-Thdn).Vd sau clrro.c

phdi tri tl6ng qudn thinh nhi6u c6n crl,E trong c6c vtng xungquanh Nam Ninh.

Ph6i dodn ngoai giao cria cdc dingviOn Nguy6n-T6n-Hodn, Nguy6n-Quang-Minh, TriQu Nguy€n tt6 nhidu ldn ddnsinh ho4t vdi h/c hlgng v6 trang ndy. Todn thd cr{n b0 vd binhsi ttdu dttoc hudn luyQn, bdi duOng vd qudn srJ vd chinh tri,cuQc sdng tQp thd cld ldm cho moi ngrldi hrlng khdi, nggn cdsao trdng cfla Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding tung bay lQng 15y 6nhfrng ndi tl6ng qudn-Nhfrng khric h6t: Dai ViQt hdnh khtic,

DAFvE-T orfc-oAu.ofuc * res

ViQt Nam Minh Chiu Trdi D6ng, Cd Sao Trdng, Dai ViQtQudc Ddn ca v.v...ngdy ngdy dd hDng dfrng vang vong 16n tilc6c ndi dSng qudn kich dQng vd t6i cudn dttOc ci nhfing quinnh0n vd thtldng ddn Trung Hoa d quanh qudn. Nhttng qudnnhdn Trung Hoa DAn Qudc da hdt ldi khen ngdi vd khi thdhDng tri{ng vh srlc manh ki6n cttdng cria h/c hlQng v6 trangluu vong ndy. LrIc lugng cdn ph6t hdnh drrgc mQt td nQi sanmQnh danh th NQi San D4i ViQt Qudc D0n D6ng Hf,i Ngo4i,c6 dt nhidu bai thd, bdi v[n phdn 6nh drroc srlc sdng hiohDng cria cilc chidn binh luu vong dang chd ngiy phgc qudc.Nhi6u bai XA ludn theo s6t drloc vdi chinh tinh qudc nQi vdqudc ngoai cria thdi ba'y gid. PhAn d6ng cdc chinh kh6ch trtuvong vi cdc l6nh tu c6c Doin thd chinh tri tham d{HQi NghiHdng Kdng ddu c6 tldn vidng thdm vi sinh ho4t vdi l{c lugngvO trang lrtu vong niy.

N[m 1947, sau khi dE chdn chinh dQi ngii xong , BO DOiBXc Giang lai tung ra cdc mfii thiim b5o dd dd d6m c6c l{chlgng an ninh bdphbng cria Ph6p vi CQng qudn d Mi6n bi6ngidi Hoa ViQt. Th6n92-1947, tilMinh Giang (Trung Qudc),B0 DQi Bdc Giang tlQt kich vio ddn Th Ltng trdn 6p ihrQctoin thd h/c ltrQng cta Phr4p qudn dang it6ng gitr 6 tidn rl6n6'y, chidm <ldoc mQt sdldn vO khf, lim c6ng t6c tuy6n tnry6n,k6u gqi nh0n ddn ViQt Nam quanh vDng bi€n gidi hay tidpsrlc vdi lrrc luong v6 rrang hdi ngo4i ad aann dudi thgc d6nPh6p vd ti6u diQt CQng SdnViQt Minh. Thgc hiQn xong c6ngt6c tuy€n truy6n, B0 DOi Bdc Giang nit trd qua bi6n gidi antodn.

Ddu ndm 1948, BO DOi Bf c Giang lai vuQt bi€n gidi tidnd6nh Ph6p qudn tai Cao Bhng, ltrc lrrgng cria Ph6p quin bidE bgp kh6ng phin rlng kip. B0 tlQi Bdc Giang ciing tidnhdnh c6ng t6c tuy6n truydn vi tinh b6o rdi dAn ddn trd vd

r84 * cocflu oriun-rpl vA oUN6U

b0n kia bi6n gidi.

Sau hQi nghi Hdng K6ng g-g-lg47,mQt sdc6n b0 chinhtri cfia bO dQi Bdc Giang dd cing c6c chinh khr{ch trd vdqudc nQi dd 1o viQc thdnh lQp chinh thd Qudc gia chdng cQng.

THA PHUONG HOAI OU6CThdp thodng m?rn cdy chidc thAo dudngGdi lCn srtdn n0i ng0 trong sudngTrdng md leo l6t vdn td 0aTrong thAm rung hoang v4n dfm dudngKhuya 15m dtlng chin kh6ch xudng y6nChinh bio tdi t4.., c6 gai xi6nBui men da xam md h6i chAGdi m6i ldng dau n{ng chiu Phi6nTudt xiSm vudn mlnh kh5ch mlm m6iu! Kla ddt viet canh chia ph6iGiang sdn nghi6ng ng0a m0 sudng kh6iTa phAi ra tay ctlu gidng ndi

Phan-BAo-LinhThu 1946 B.K.

(Trfch b6o DAI VIET, cd quan cfra DVQDD HAi Ngoqi s6 1

ngAy 1-10-1947, Trung Qudc).

DAruE_T orfc-oAroinc * ras

^Xt. Tl NH -THAN (Lfi;tudng)oudc-oAru-DAr.ro -

Sg t<dt hop gitra ba chinh Ding: DAi ViQt Qudc DAn Ding,ViQt Nam Qudc Ddn Eing, DaiVierDan Chinhcdu tao thinhM{t TrQn Qudc Ddn Ddng.

Cln crl vdo thdnh phdn hnh d4o, Ding kj', Ding ca,Chri nghla ctia M[t TrQn, chfng ta thdy da bidu 10 mQt tinhthAn, mQt tf tudng 16 r€t, d6 ld: Sr{ dodn kdt thudn nhdt cilacdc chidn si Cdch mqng c6 muc dich ddu tranh gidnh DQclQp vd cdi tao xd hQi, xdy dqng t4 do, diln chit. MQt c6ch thgctd hon, d5 li tinh thAn doin kdt keo sdn gifa c6c chidn siqudc gia Chdng CQng Sdn, Chdng ThUc dan dugc mQnh danhld: Lj tt&ng hay ld tinh thdn Qudc DAn Ddng.

Nhfng Ding vi6n cta Dai ViQt Qudc DAn Ding, ViQtNam Qudc Ddn Ding, Dai ViQt Ddn Chinh vi vii ttoin thdkh6c trong nhfrng ndm 1945,1946, 1947...kh6ng cdn nghi,kh6ng cdn chf t0m ddn minh li D6ng vi6n crla D{ng nioni/a, md chi bidt minh ld mQt thinh vi6n cria mQt khdi chung,mQt cQng d6ng...

Ngt/ec l4i kh6ng c6 tinh thdn doin kdt keo son dy, trlc likhdng cdn c6 tinh thAn (lf trrdng) Qudc Ddn Df,ng, trlc kh6ngphdi ld Mlt Trdn Qudc Ddn Ddng ntla.

Khilng dain khi ld khdng c6 Qudc Ddn Nng, eudc

186 * coclu ctriun.rplvAoUN-6U

DAn Ding kh6ng ph6i ld Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding @ai Vi6t),kh6ng phii ld ViQt Nam Qudc DAn Ding (ViQt Qudc), khOngph6i ln Dai ViQt DAn Chinh (Ddn Chinh).

Qudc Ddn Ddng ld mflt Mil TrAn (Front), chrl kh6ngphii ln mQt Chinh Ding ri€ng 16.

Ifti mQt sdngudi hop t6c vdi CQng Sin ViQt Minh, trlcnhi6n til hic dy hq kh6ng cdn gif, dugc tinh thdn (lf trrdng)doin kdt n6u tr6n, nOn kh6ng cdn phii li mQt thanh vi6n criaQudc DAn Ddng ntra.

vai Di liQu d5 ghi sai lac rdt nhidu dtr kiQn vd vdn ddney.

Trddng hdp Nguy6n-Trrdng-Tam th Ldnh tg sdng lQp criaDai ViQt DAn Chinh, Nguy6n-Trrdng-Tam kh6c vdi Nguy6n-Xudn-Tidu ld cho ddn khi tudn tidt v6n chda h6 tuy€n bdeleit6n Dai Viet Dan Chinh. Ndu Nguy6n-Trrdng-Tam kh6ngcbn gifrdrr@ tinh thAn doinkdtthi Nguy6n-Tudng-Thmkh0ngcdn li Qudc DAn Ding nfra. Nhung Nguy6n-Tudng-Tam vdnld Ldnh tu silng lQp cria Dai ViQt Ddn Chinh.

Bi{c sI Nguy6n-Tidn-Hf l} mQt trong nhfrng s6ng lQp vi€ncria Dai Viet Qudc DAn Ddng. Do sr/ th6a thuQn cta D6ngTnrdng Trudng-Tfl-Anh, B5c si Nguy6n-Tidn-Hf c6 nhiQmvu kdt hop vd ili6u hdnh Qudc Din Ding...Cho tdi khi tiltrAn, Bi{c si Nguy6n-Tidn-Hf chrla bao gid tr} b6 vai trd lichsfl li mQt srlng lQp vi6n cria D4i ViQt Qudc DAn D6ng.

Biic si Brru HiQp la Xf rudng Trung ViQt cfia Dai ViQtQudc Ddn Ding. Trong nhflng ndm 1946-1947'I948...quy tUkdt hgp mQt sdDang vi€n cfia MdtTrQn Qudc Ddn D6ng lh

DAr-vETordc-0fu-oAlc * rsz

cdn cf theo tinh thdn tloin kdt thudn nhdt Qudc D0n DAng.B6c si Btru HiQp le Xf rudng cfia Dai ViQt Qudc DAn Df,ngffic h mQt cdp b0 lAnh clao cfia Dai ViQt Qudc DAn Dfrngdrlng ra ldnh dao, ctlu mang tdtcit c6c Ding vi6n trong MltTrQn, vdi phddng vi ld mQt Xrl trudng ctla Dai ViQt Qudc DdnDing cho ddn ngny bf mttu s6t (1950) rhi Ky strHi-Thric-Kfmdi 16n thay thd

TdTinh thAn Qudc Ddn DAng itrra cldn Tinh thAn QudcDdn QuAn.

Qudc Ddn QuAn ld Qudn clQi cfia Mdt Trfln Qudc DdnDing. Khdng c6 Tinh thdn kdt hop keo son Qudc Ddn D{ngthi kh6ng c5 Qudc DAn QuAn.

CuQc hqp vdo ddu ndmlgT2tai nhi <l6ng vi6nV[-Drlc-Hei, 117 Minh Meng, Sli Gdn cfia hon 400 chidn si Cdchmang, it6 li cuQc hop vdi Tinh thdn Qudc Din Qu6n, Tinhthdn dy ld sd clohn kdt chidn tldu chdng Thrlc dan, CQng S6ncrta cdc Sinh vi6n trudng Luc QuAn YOn Bdi vi cdc chidnbinh cria MAt Tran Qudc Ddn Ding.

TU ngiy mQt sd thdnh vi6n cria Qudc DAn Ding da drturgra hop t6c v6i ViQt minh CQng SAn. Tinh thdn (lf ff6ng) QudcD6n D6ng dd bf srit m6. Ddn hic nit sang Trung Hoa DdnQudc, vi€c s6t hai vi k! thi vdr cdc Si quan, Binh si vi D{ngvi6n Dai ViQr Qudc DAn Ddng thi tinh thdn Qudc D6n Df,ngda dd vd trdm trong.

Sau HiQp rldc Vinh Ha Long vi HiQp rldc E1ys6e, Qudcgia ViQt Nam d6 tnrdng thinh, c6c Chfnh Ding vdn tidp tgchoat dQng vdi danh xrrng riOng 16 nhu: Dai ViQt eudc D6nDdng (Dai ViQQ, ViQt Nam Qudc Ddn Dring (ViQt eudc),

r88 * coclu cniun-rpt vA oUN6U

v.v...Tuy nhi€n cfing c6 mQt vdi cii nh6n mudn loi dgng danhnghla cria Mit trQn. Song mQt khi tinh thdn Qf tu6ng) dakh6ng cdn nfra, thi s{ lgi dgng dy cflng phdi Eo op, non ydu.

D6ng ghi nhfln nhdt li: Tinh thAn Qudc Ddn Ding dddeo ding, v6'n vrldng canh cdnh b6n ldng cfia hing ngfi chidnsi C6ch mAng Qudc DAn QuAn, nhfrng Sinh vi6n Si quanTrddng Luc QudnY€n Br{i. Nhffing chidn si Cilch mang nhyh9 v6n sdng vdi nhau, giao tidp vdi nhau bhng tinh thAn QudcDAn Ddng, m4c cho c6c 6ng Ldnh tu ddu d6, cdt x6 15nnhau.

DAr-VrEr oL0G-DAN-0ANG * t89

x. Aru-nANH nEru-rE

Sau khi dio chr{nh Phr{p (09-03-1945), Qudn dQi NhatBin bu6c vi6n chrlc ngrldi Phdp c6 nhiQm vu trong vi6c ph6thnnh gidy b4c phii ng6i ben hong sring dd md ki tnlc tidpvho c6c gidy bac chua in chf, hj cria vi€n chrlc dy. Nhtng tdgidy bac D6ng Drldng c6 n6t chfl kf tr{c tidp niy <ld itrlocQudn <lQi Nhflt tung ra sfi dung tr6n kh6p hnh thd ViQt Nam,nhdtli 6 mi6nTrung.

Vila mdi thinh 16p xong Chinh phfi Ldm thdi, Ph4m-v6n-D6ng vdi tu c6ch ld BQ tnrdng Thi Chdnh LAm thdi ttdvQi kf tOn ph6t hinh mQt 1o4i gidy bac tam thdi mi qudc ddnthudng goi ld bac cria M{t TrOn Viet Minh. Phe CQng S6nViQt Minh dd ding td gidy b4c cria Pham-Wn-Ddng tld 6pbuQc nh6n ddn phdi ddi cho ho td gidy bac D6ng Drldng ciido DOng Drldng Ngdn Hdng phrlt hinh.

C[ng trong giai cloan 16m thdi, phe COng Sen H6-Chi-Minh dd ph6t dQng Tirdn 16 \Eng vd v6t vdng, b4c, quf kimcria nhdn ddn dd hidn d6ng cho LrI-H6n, Ti6u-\En...mi mttucdu lgi ich cho phe nh6m...

Trong thdi k! Chinh phfi Ldm thdi, khdp c6c Tinh doctheo s6ng H6ng Hi vi mQt sd Tinh midn Trung du, D6ngbhng BdcViet ddu thuQc quy6nkidm sodtcta M4tTrQnQudcDdn Ding. Ddn khi tr/c lugng cria ViQt Nam Qudc D0n DAngd hii ngoai vd nUdc, pham vi kidm so6t cria MAt Tran QudcDAn D6ng lai md rQng th€m. pd U6o vC cho Chinh quydn

r90 * coclu orir'nr..rpl vA oUNsU

niy, Qudn ilOi cria M{tTrQn Qudc Ddn Ddng cfing chloc quytu l4i vi trudng thdnh, d6 ld Qudc Ddn Quin. Qudc D6nQuAn li mQt Qudn dQi c6 bdn phQn b6o vQ nhdn ddn, b6o vQ

Chinh quydn cria M4t TrQn Qudc Ddn D6ng dd chdng laiCQng Sdn vd Thr/c ddn.

Nhfrng kinh phi trg cdp cho Chinh quy6n MitTr4n QudcDdn Ding vi Qudc Ddn Qudn ddu do Ban Kinh tdi Trungrrdng (trlc B0 Kinh td-Tai chdnh) d6m tr6ch. Vi vAy Trungddng Ding bO da quydt dinh dn hdnh mOt 1o4i gidy bac dd sirdung trong nhfrng ving, nhfng lSnh thd do Chinh quydn M4tTr{n Qudc Ddn Ding vd Qudc DAn Qudn kidm so6t. D6 ligidy bac D6ng Dtldng 1o4i 100 ddng do m6t co sd dn loilt criaDing tl{t trong khu vrlc Cho Ling Thqy KhuC thtlc hien. Vdsau vi 6nh hrrdng tinh hinh chidn tranh, m6t cd sd khdc tltlQcdat drJdi hdm trong Lang Budi cf,ng lo viQc i'n hdnh ti6n tQcho Ding.

Ldy c6li tinh hinh h6n loan, Mdt TrQn ViQt Minh vd sauniy hdu nhrr dd sfi dgng toin bhng loai Tin Phidu thay chogidy b4c trong nhfrng vtng mi Chinh quy6n Mat TrQn ViQtMinh kidm so6t dugc. ViQc sfi dung Tin Phidu dAn ddn dtrQcxem nhr.I ld mQt loai tidn te chinh thrlc cria Met TrQn ViQtMinh, tUng Khu, tilngVing, trlngTinh ddu c6 lo4i Tin Phidukh6c nhau.

Vd mat hinh thtlc thi tidn tQ cfia M4t Tran Qudc D0nDing c6 k! thudt cao hdn, trOng tlep m6t vi trang nhd hdngidy b4c cfia ViQt Minh, nhdt ld c6c lo4i Tin Phidu sau niychi drroc in bhng Bin 96, kh{c tay vd in bhng mrrc hoc trdn6n d6 bi lem ludc, nhde nhoet. C6 nhi6u vtng, td Tin Phidubi nudc ngdm vio lh bidn thdnh mQt cuc gidy sric, thdli Aisin cria ngddi ddn bidn thdnh sdkh6ng.

Dfl-urE-T otfic-oAnoAne * l9t

tidn te cfia Mdt TrQn Qudc Ddn D6ng phdt hlnh, phdnnhidu drrgc sf dung trong viQc dda cdc Phdi doin ra ngo4iqu6'c, mua sring d4n, v[ khi cfia QuAn ttQi Tnrng Hoa DAnQudc.

192 * cdclu cniun:pl vrt aUN6U

xt. cHtj rnuoNc DUoNG L6l CunDAt uET audc DAN oAtrtoTRoNG rudl rV t 94b-r947

LQp tn/dng lrrng chilng rla thich th6a hiQp cria mQt s6'

l6nh tg phe Qudc gia dd gdy n€n rdt nhidu sr,tphSn n6 tronghdng ngfl Ddng vi6n tr6 dAy nhiQt tinh vi qui c6m cria M[tTr{n Qudc Ddn Ding. Til th6a hiQp trong viQc bAu cfi qudchQi ddn nhrldng b0 vd th6a hiQp trong viQc thdnh lQp Chinhphri Li€n hiQp da clrra phe Qudc gia ddn ch6 mdt ddn m-r thd.Tnrdc tinh thd dy, Truong-Tfr-Anh dd cing mQt sdnh0n vQtkh6c trong Mit TrQn Qudc DAn Ding dt/a ra mQt chrrongtrinh, kdhoach rO ret gdm c6 c6c didm:

1) Ph6t <IQng Phong trio bel hqp tdczTitcd hing ngfiDing vi6n trong M6tTr{n Qudc D0n Ding cdn khi ph6ch vdnhiQt huydt ddu tlurrg lOn vQn dQng quAn chring tdy chay kh6nghop tdc vdi ViQt Minh CQng Sin vi ViQt Minh CQng S6n dd vipham trdng trdn nhf,ng ldi hrla, ldi thd vdi qudc d6n(r).

CQng S6n H6-Chi-Minh dl b6n nddc, rudc thr/c ddn Ph6pdd bO tdi chidm Bdc ViQt bing hiQp dinh sd bO 6-3- 1946, Hd-

(1). Vdo l0c 15 gid chidu ngdy 2-9-1945 tqi vudn hoa Ba Dinh Hd NQi,mQt sd d6ng d6ng bdo dd bi r0 16, l6i k6o ddn nghe Hd-Chl-Minh (tfcNguy6n-Tdt-ThAnh) dqc 1 biri"Tqp Luqn" md CQng SAn Viet Minh d5ggi lA tuy6n ng6n dgc lap cOa chrlng. Ltic dgc xong bdi "Tap Luan" dy,tluoc oan tno t6 qudc ve trudc mit ddng bao, Hd-Chi-Minh hdu nhubdc ddng vd gid tay l6n thd. Thd rlng:

ofl-uE-T orfc-oAn-oAuc * 193

Chi-Minh dd pham ldi thd dQc lflp cria chinh y iltra ra. Hd-Chi-Minh dd ldm nhuc qudc thd bXng c6ch nfra tt6m tldn 96cfta nhd ri6ng cria nQ tnrdng thuQc tlia Ph6p qudc MariusMoutet dd xin drr-o.c kf vdo th6a hiQp 6n (Modus Vivendi)ddu hing vd br{n nUdc vio <l6m 14-9-1946 t1iParis.

Nhung trong hlc MIt Trdn Qudc Ddn Ddng rlang phdtdQng Phong trao bdt hdp tdcvdiCQng Sin thi Nguy6n-Trrdng-Long (Hoing-Dao) lai cDng vdi cu Hulnh-Thric-Kh6ng vdmQt sdclOng Ding vi6n COng Sin cao ct'p hh6c drlng ra thinhl{p Mat Trdn Li6n Hi6p Qudc Ddn ViQt Nam goi tdt ld LiOnViet me CQng Sin ViQt Minh rdu rao tt6 ld mQt Mat Trfln baog6m hdt tdtcit t6n giilo, Ding ph6i vi ring hO chinh phfi H6-Chi-Minh (6-1946)

2)Tdchrdi Bf,o-Dqi kh6i ViQt Minh CQng Sin vd l6ik6o Nguy6n-Vdn-Td, Bti-BXng-Doin...V6 hiQu h6a QudchQi cta ViQt Minh CQng Sdn.

Trong qudc hQi thdi dy, ddng vi6n Cung-Dinh-Qu) giilchrlc vU DC nh6't Ph6 Chri tich, nhi hoc gi6 Nguy6n-\trn-TdChri tich vi BDi-BXng-Eodn li Ban Thrrdng Vu, 2 nh0n vdtndy hic dy kh6ng thuQc thdnh phAn c6c Ding phdi. C6c <ldngvi€nTrAn-Trung-Dung, Ding-v5n-Sung vi nhf,ng ding vi6nkhiic trong qudc hQi phdi hop nhau vach trdn nhffng rQi 6ccria H6-Chi-Minh. Trdn-Trung-Dung tl6 sfi dung di6n dinqudc hQi dua ra nhfrng chrlng cd hidn nhi6n Ad tdt rQi Hd-

1) Thd kh6ng di6u dinh vdi Ph6p.2) Thd chdt chr-l kh6ng chiu n6 19.3) Thd kh6ng di ltnh cho Phdp.4) Thd kh6ng dua dudng cho Ph6p.5) Thd kh6ng tidp td cho Ph6p.

Nh0ng ldithd ndy, Cgng SAn ViQt Minh dd gqi tA tdi thd DQc L6pcia Hd-cht-Minh.

r94 * cocfiu oriun rrpl vrr QUN6U

Chi-Minh vi phe CQng S6n; NhSc lai lflp trudng cfia EVQDDli: Khi d6n tri chua clrrgc md mang md td chfc bAu cfi ld mydAn, gian tr6....

Vd sau, trong trdn dQt kich cria qu6n nh6y di Ph6p, nh6mH6-Chi-Minh cld cudn g6i chay trdn b6 roi nhd hoc giiNguy6n-V[n-Td14i cho QuAn dOi Phrip bdt t4i BXc K4n (10-t947).

Trong chidu tho6i vf cfia Bio-Dai ngdy 25-8-1945 den6u l€n 16 rdng 3 didu kiQn: - Nrtdc Vi6t Nam DQc L{p -Dodn kdt c6c D6ng ph6i Qudc gia - 86o v€ TOn midu vdHoing tOc. Ba di6u kiQn dy thdi bdy gid, Hd-Chi-Minh viphe CQng S6n d6 hoin toin vi ph4m..'M[t TrQn Qudc DAnDing tld dua ngddi ddn thuydtphgc B6o-Dai vi timphrldngthrl'c dd drla B6o Dai lia xa phe CQng Sin. Khi phe CQngS6n dd vi pham crlc didu kiQn cria vi6c thodi vi vd B6o D4ilai phi nhdn vi6c thodi vi tfc nhi6n chri quydn Qudc gia laidrlong nhi6n li6n tuc trd vd vdi B6o-Dai nhd Nguy6n. Chtiquydn cria phe CQng Sin bi gi6n doan, Qudc hQi chi ld trd binhin nhrtcSc vi d4i bidu phe Qudc gia dd tdc6o. B6o-D4i tl6t6 ra rdt s6ng sudt vi d6 nhanh chdng thgc hien drroc kdhoachdy n€n tao clttoc nhidu ydu td cln bin cho viQc thhnh lQp

Qudc gia ViQt Nam vd sau niy.

3) Thinh l6p mQt trung t6m ch6nh tri 6hii ngoqi limndi giao tidp gif,a ViQt Nam vd cilc cddng qudc d6ng minhng6 hAu ydm trQ cho c6ng cuOc chidn ddu chdng cQng d qudcnOi. Ti6n do6n drloc su lan rQng cria chidn srr vi bidt 16 drrQc

dd t6m s6t h4i cfia phe CQng Sin ViQt Minh. Thdi gian niyDing Trudng Tnrdng-Tfl-Anh thrrdng d{n dd ci{c c6n bQ caocdp cfia Ding ld: "Mudn ldm chinh tri trong trrdng lai thi phii6 hdi ngo4i, ph6i sang Tdu..." Thr/c hiQn kd hoach dy Bni-Di6m dd duoc Ding Trudng Tnrong-Trl-Anh triQu tr6i tU

DAFUET orfc-oAr-sAuc * 195

Tnrdng Luc QudnY0n Br{i v6 Ha NQi giao nhi€m vu lo xdpdat dd drra nhd hoc gi6 Trdn-Trong-Kim, nguy6n ld vi Thritrldng ddu ti6n cria nrldc ViQt Nam DQc Lfiptzr sang TrungQudc. Bni-Di6m dd kh6n kh6o vQn dung moi phtrong c6chvd dd drra drloc hoc gi6 Trdn-Trong-Kim vi Ph6i doin sangddn Trung Qudc theo drrdng Lang Son vio thuong nrdn th6ng9 nf,m l946.Phdidodn Nguy6n-T6n-Hodn g6m c6 c6c thinhvi6n ld Nguy6n-Quang-Minh, Tri6u-Nguy6n drroc gdi sangTrung Qudc theo dudng H6i Phdng-Khdm Chdu (euingE6ng) vio ngdy 04-09-1946.

Phr{i doin ctia Bilc si D4ng-VIn-Sung sang Trung eudcbhng drrdng LAng Son r6i t6n COn Minh, Trirng Kh6nh.

Pham-Cinh-Hodn dd ihlQc lQnh sang Trung Qudc theodrldng Lao Kai-VAn Nam. Phdi rlodn Midn Nam cria cq Hd-Nh{rThn cflng cltldc Ding Trudng girip dd dda sang TrungHoa. Cric phiii doin dy vd sau quy tu 14i d TrDng Khdnh viNam Ninh, rdi tdt cii cDng k6o nhau vd Hdng K6ng dd bidnH6ng K6ng thdnhTrungmm giao tidp gitra ngrrdi ViQt NamQudc gia vdi cS,cntdcD6ng minh kh6ng CQng Sin vi phr{pqudc.

(2). - Ngay 1 1 thdng 3 ndm 1945, Hodng dd BAo-Dai d6 ra tuy6n bd:Nudc Vi6t Nam D6c Lap vi h0y b6 tdt cA nh0ng higp r.rdc dd ki vdiPhdp.

- Ngdy 20 th6ng 7 ndm 1945, Nhat giao trA Vigt Nam, c6c cgunhuqng dia c0a Phrip: HA nQi, HA|-Phdng, Dd-NEng. ViQr Nam d6 crJ:V0-Tr9ng-Kh_dnh, Thi trudng HAi-Phdng; Nguy6n Khoa-phong, Thitrudng Dd-N5ng, con Hd n6irhtdd c6 Ddc tf Trdn-Vdn-Laivd kn6msai Phan-Kd-Toai.

- Ngdy 14 th6ng 8 nim 1945, Nhqt giao trA Vi6t Nam x( Nam k!,thugc dia (Nam-BO)vd Nguy6n-Vdn-SAm duqc c0ldm KhAm sai Nam-B0.

196 * coclu cnir'rn mU vA oUN6U

+; Cring cO'tai c6c Chidn khu dd lim cdn cf clia chdnglai CQng S6n vi ThUc Dan.

Nhf,ng Chidn khu cfl ctia Dai-Vi€t nhrt: Chidn khu K6p(Bdc Giang), Chidn khu Lac TriQu, Di linh, YOn B6i, Cha Pa,Vinh Phriiien d6u duoc t[ng ctrdng vd cfing cdtai. d Nu*bO b5t ddu trl khi Ph6i clodn cria Maurice Thi€n (Tu-Thi€n)ra Bdc nh4n chi thi ctia D6ng Tnrdng Truong-Tfi-Anh trd v6,Lr/c luQng Binh Xuy6n dd rdi kh6i hfrn phe CQng Sin phdihgp ch4t ch6 vdi Bq doi An Didn cria D4i ViQt Qudc DanDing dd cring cd tai ving Chidn khu An Di6n bao gdm cdRilng Sdc vd ldng Binh Xuy6n. L{p dugc nhidu chidn c6ngtridn tracn ftong giai doan niy li Trung dodn 25AB (An Eidn,Binh Xuy€n)

C6c thri lSnh hdng tldu cria Binh Xuy6n ni,o, Ba-Dddng,Mudi-Tri, Nf,m-Hi, Ttr-Ty...ddu tuy6n thQ gia nhfp Dai ViQt

Qudc DAn D6ng trong thdi k! nnY.

DAru E-T orfc-oAn -sAH c * 197

xil. THANH LaP CHTEN KHUTHANH HOA (Dzi Linh)

6 huyQn N6ng Cdng Tinh Thanh H6a cd mOt khu tldndidn chidm dia thd quan rrgng c6 thd sir dgng lim mQr c6n crlqudn srl ldu dii, tl6 ln d6n di6n Dzi Linh cria cu Trdn-VEn-Dodn.

A. VIEC THANH tAp Cntfn rnuTnIdc nhu cAu cdp thidt cria Ding, cg Trdn-\trn-Dodn

dd riy th6c toin quydn cho con trai li Trdn-vdn-Bdn (Cf, BAn),th6n hinh ra t6n He NQi dd gap Ding Tr[6ng Trudng-Tfi-Anh. Sau khi clrrOc nghe c6n bQ Trung Udng do D6ng TnrdngTrudng-Tr?-Anh giao ph6 thuydt trinh vd kdhoach ph6t tridnvi hoat d6ng trong tudng lai, anh Cd Bdn lidn cht'p rhuflncho Ding Trudng Tnrdng-Tfr-Anh duoc toin quydn srl dqngd6n didn Dzi Linh.

Ddn 02-10-1945, anh Trdn-V[n-B0n trd vd Thanh H6acDng vdi m6t sd vti khi gdm c6: 2 khdu trung li6n, 10 sfngTrudng, 100 qui l{u rlan cing mQt sd dqn duqc...MQt ttodnc6n b0 cfrng duoc ph6i vdo Thanh H6a cing vdi anh Ci Bin,dodn c6n bO niy phdn d6ng lh ci{c Sinh vi6n D4i hgc 116 hgcd Trudng Si quan Lac TriQu vd mQt sdDdng vi6n ngtrdi gdcThanh H6a.

Khi vd tldn <Idn didn Dzi Linh, ci doin c6n bQ bdt rldungay vdo c6ng vi€c thidt lQp hQ thdng phbng thri vi hudn

r98 * cocfiu orilmtpl vAoUruoU

luy6n quAn sd. Thbnh phAn duQc hudn luyQn dAu tiOn lh tuydntir c6c nhAn c6ng trong ddn didn vi mQt sdDing vi6n d cr{c

khu vr/c b6n ngodi d6n didn. MQt Trung Tdm Hudn LuyQnduoc thidt l{p ngay trong Chidn khu 1i6n tidp dio t4o H4 ST

quan vir binh sT cld cung fng cho Chidn khu.

Sau khi d6 huin luy0n vb v6 trang xong dot dAu, ngdy15-12-1945, c6tc chidn sT cfia Chidn khu Di Linh td chfc 16

thudng k!' rdt long trong vi hing dflng..'Ngon cd sao tr{ngbdt dAu c6ng khai xudt hiQn tai Thanh H6a.

B. T1NH BO THANH HOADen cuoi thilng 12-1945 thi cg D4ng-TrAn-Hd drrgc

Tnrdng-Tfr-Anh, Chri Tich Trung Uong cria Mat Trfln QudcDAn Ding crl lirm Chti Tich Mat TrOn Qudc Din Ding TinhThanh H<ia. Cu DSng-Trdn-HO la thrl nam cfia cu Ding-TrAn-Lac, qu6 6 Tho KhOi, bdo dQ cfia B6c sI D{ng-TrAn-Anhthudng dudc dan Thanh H6a ggi li cu Gi6o Hd, chfi nhdnTri'DAn Phan Didm 6 cfia h{u thinh phd Thanh H6a. Ddy lim6t khiich san ldn bac nhdt d thdnh phd Thanh H6a 6 tlAupho Thr2 Th0u gir{p v(li phd Brii Thugng. NhQn <luQc gidygidi thieu cira Trung rrdng M[tTrAn Qudc Dln Ding, cu D[ng-Trdn-HO 116 chinh thrlc giao thiQp vdi QuAn dQi Trung Hoa dThanh H6a dd cr)ng tidp nh0n vfr khi, quAn trang, qudn dungvd sr/ <Idu hing cfia Qudn dOi Nhat. MOt sd Ddng vi6n ddddoc cfr lo viQc v{n chuydn v[ khi tich thu vi mua duqc vO bim{t cdt ddu t4i khrlch san Tf'DAn.

Ngdy 8-2-1946, sau khi da fich luy dAy dri vfr khi, dandudc v; tQp trung dfi tay sring, cu D4ng-TrAn-H6 nhin danhChri tich Mit TrOn Qudc D0n Ding Tinh Thanh H6a tlQtxudt ha lQnh dr{nh Sd NOng Giang Thanh H5a trOn iludngMar6chal Joffre phd brlc tUdng phia sau th6ng sang kh6ch

oAr-uET ondc-oAr.oAuc * 199

san Trl Ddn 6 phdTho Th€u bidn ci khu rQng ldn kh6ch sanTrl Ddn l6n Sd NOng Giang thdnh ra khu Try sd cfia Tinh BQM4t Tr{n Qudc Ddn Ding Thanh H6a. Ngon cd Sao trXngtung bay trudc gi6 6 ngay trong thi X6 Thanh H6a. Hhngnghy trl 16 gid tldn 18:30 Tinh BQ Qudc DAn D6ng lai choph6t thanh Od cldng bho xa gdn ddn nghe.

Trong thdi gian hoat dQng ndy, cdc cr{n bQ M4tTrQn eudcDdn Ddng dd c6ng khai xut't ddu lO di6n tao drroc nhi6u tintrrdng vi phdn khdi trong qudn chring ld c6c 6ng: Nhi thoTchya Drii-Dri'c-Tudn, nhi vdn BDi-Anh-Tudn, cu CfI Soan,L6-Vhn-Minh trlc L6-Khang, cu D6-Vin v.v...

c. HE rx6r.ro cAru cU ouAN sU cOr cHtEN KHULUc lrrOng cria Binh doin Lac TiiQu tdng crldng cho Tinh

bQ Thanh Hda: - MQt sd Si quan lo viQc hudn luyQn qudn srJtai TrungThm Hu6'n LuyQn cria Chidnkhu DziLinh - MOt sdSi quan, Ha Si quan, binh si il6 ctng phdi hgp vdi c6c lgclrrgng v6 trang cria Tinh b0 Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding ThanhH6a lfpnhtrng cdncrlquAn suddn tnixungquanhB6i Thrro. ngAd tam vdng dai b€n ngoii cho Chidn khu Dzi Linh, Nhflngcdn crlndy ttdu c5 qu6n sdthrrdng xuy6n tilcdpTrung dQi trdl6n bao vdng cf,n crlBdi Thdong tr616n hudng Bdc lQp thanhmOt hinh ciinh cung, 6 crlc Nam li cdn crl NhrI Xuan rdi ddncdc cdn crl Tht/dng Xudn, Nggc Lac, Lang Ch6nh, B6i D0.Nhilng cdn cf crrc Bdc ln dAu iilrdng giao li6n ndi v6i c6cTinh Ddng B0 Dai ViQt Qudc D6n Ding 6 Son T[y vi HdaBinh v.v...

Sau khi HiQp Dinh sd b0 (6-3-t946) drrQc kf kdt, DdngTrudng Tnldng-Tfr-Anh ttd tlng crrdng mQt sdc6n bQ quOn sr/vd tinh b6o cho hQ thdng vdng dai phdng thfi vi giao li6nniy. Cric co sd tinh b5o trong qudn chring tl6 drlQc l{p n€n

200 * coclu cniun-qvnoUN-dU

xung quanh cdc c6n crl qu0n sd nhhm tao mQt hhnh langth6ng thuong gitra Chidn khu Dzi Linh (Thanh H6a) vi c6cChid; khu cria Dai viQt Qudc Ddn Ding 6 Mi6n B6c.

TnJdc ngdy 19-12 -1946,hQ thdng phdng tht an ninh vdtinh b6o cfia Chidn khu Dzi Linh Thanh H6a dd chlQc D6ngTnldng TnJdng-TfI-Anh chon ldm m6t trong nhflng ndi mdBO Dd; Nao cua cuOc Chidn ddu Chdng ThrJc CQng c6 thdd4t b6n doanh.

D. THANH HOASAU NAM 1946Ddn ha brin ni6n ndm 1946, khi Qudn clQi Trung Hoa nit

vd nddc, nh6m V[-H6ng-Khanh c0ng cli theo, mQt sdDingvi6n d Thanh H6a cirng vdi L6-I(hang chay vd Ua NOi rdicing rut theo qudn Tdu vd Tiu. Ri6ng L6-Khang thi bt ViQtCQng b6t dtrgc vi dd thri ti6u.

Da phAn D6ng vi€n Dai Viet Qudc DAn Ding cria TinhBO Thanh H5a ddu d lai mai phuc trong ving kidm soi{t cri.a

ViQt Minh CQng Sdn mi dAn chfngThanh H6a vd Midn Bdcthudng gqi lQch di ia "VEM".

Srl mai phuc vd chidn ddu ndy rdt gan da, dfing c6mkhidn cho D4ng-Vdn-Sung da phii v{n dgng mgi khi ndngdd td chrlc cuQc x6m nh{p vio Thanh H6a do c6c chidn sixung kich cria Ding li cdc ding vi6n Nguy6n-Vhn-Hrrdng(Mu;i-Le), L0-Quang-ThiQn (tfc D6ng chi Nguy6n-Quang-Minh) vi Dinh-Xudn-Cdu thrlc hiQn vdo nim 1950'

Dfl-uE-r oudc-oAroAuc *'zor

e?%d@4TRUI{G.TAM

cfliNfl-]3.l flitr-NGOAT

202 * TpTJNGTAM ctimHq n ulcoAt

DN-uET ou0c-oAu-sAue * 203

TRUNG TAM CH1NH.TRI TIAI.NGOAI

MQt s6'cd sd cfia Ding, mQt phdn cria Chidn khuLac Tri6u vd Qudc D0n Qudn rut sang Trung Hoa theo drrdngM6ng Crli Ti€nYOn.

Chidn khu K6p (Bfc Giang), mOt phdn cria Chidn khuLac TriQu vd Qudc DAn Qu0n rft theo dddng Bdc Giang-Lang Son sang Trung Hoa DAn Qudc.

Nhfrng lrrc lrrgng niy rtdu tap trung quanh qudn d vingNam Ninh, Quing Chdu.

C6c cg Nguy6n-Hii-ThAn, H6-i.{hat-mn, Vfl-Kim-Thdnhv.v... ddu sdng chung vdi hai cdnh qudn niy.

C6c lgc lrrgng cfia Ding 6 c6,c Tinh d6ng bing, Trungdu, Thr/dng du B6c Viet rft theo dttdng ViQt Tri, YCn B6i,Ldo Kai thi qua d vtng C6n Minh, Vdn Nam.

Ciic nhAn vdt cao cdp cria ViQt Nam Qudc Din Ding viVf,-Hdng-Khanh ddu tQp trung di theo c6nh qu0n ndy.

Khi c6c Phr{i doin cria D{ng-Vhn-Sung vd Phdi doincfla cu TrAn-Trgng-Kim vila vudt qua bi6n gi6i dd, g$p cdcL6nh tg cria ViQt Nam Qudc Ddn Ding vd lidn c6 sr/ trdingfQc vd nhdn quan nhdn thrlc tinh thd.

C6c Ph6i doin xudt ngoai tld nhQn chi thi tnlc tidp tU

201 * TpuNGTAM cniNrr-Iu nrulco,u

Ding Tnldng Tn/dng-Tf/-Anh ld phii tim ra hrldng di mdicho C6ch m4ng ViQt Nam vd ph6i t4o l{p dtlQc mQt TrungTlm ChinhTri mdi tai h6i ngoai dd mi tidp xric vdicdc cUdngqudc. Nhrrng khi sang ddn Trung Qudc, Vfr-H6ng-Khanh vdm6t sd thdn tin v6n mQt mrrc tin theo vd b6m s6t vdi TrungHoa Ddn Qudc cria Tudng-Git1i-Thach.

Do d6 D4ng-\6n-Sung, cu Trdn-Trgng-Kim di phdn tichti mi tinh thdvd gQi f B6o-Dai n6n rdi Tring Kh6nh mi ddnmOt noi kh6c, chd n6n theo Chinh phri Trrdng-Gidi-Thach vdNam kinh dd drrgc hudng nhtrng dn huQ nhulc-Chi6u-Thdngngiy tn/dc (D4ng-Vln-Sung dd nhSc 14i f tudng dy cfia 86o-Dai vdi B6o-Dai).

B6o-Dai dd d6ng f vdi tl6 nghi ndy vd tl6 rdi TrDng Kh6nhdi th8ng v6 Udng KOng. nudi ti6n dua Beo-D4i vd H6ngK6ng t4i phi tnrdng chi c6 mQt minh D{ng-\trn-Sung vi Bii-Trldng-Minh...S au lAn ra tli niy cria B 6o-D4i,nh6m V[-Hdng-Khanh dd t6 ra rdt phdn udt Adi vdi Dflng-\trn-Sung. Vdi mQtsd d6ng chinh kh6ch vh l6nh tu C6ch mang Vi€t Nam chdngCOng dd quy tg v6 Udng KOng lai th6m c6 srJhiQn diQn ctaCrfu Hodng B6o-Dai, mQt vi Hohng ddcudi ctng cfia TriduNguy6n, mQt CdV6'n tdi Cao cria Chinh phfi Hd-Chi-Minh,n6n Hdng K6ng dd trd thdnh mQt Trung Tdm Chinh Trt 6 haingo4i cia Ddn tQc ViQt Nam.

A. GAr PHAP sAo oAtB6o-Dai sang Trung Hoa D6n Qudc vio th6ng 3-1946,

thdi gian nhy Chinh phfi Trrdng-Gidi-Th4ch clang bQn rQnddi Thri dO til TrDng Kh6nh vd Nam Kinh. Vdi sr/ ph0n t6chk! hldng cria D{ng-Vdn-Sung, B6o-E4i dd nhdn thd'y rhng:Ngudi Trung Hoa kh6ng cdn duy6n cd ndo md trd lai ViQtNam nfra. C6c cfdng qudc D6ng minh v6n pht nh6n phe

oAr-vET otfc-oAr-oAuc * 205

nh6m ud-Ctri-Uinh CQng Sin.

Khi B6o-Dai ddn Hdng KOng thi Ph6i tloin cria Nguy6n-TOn-Hoin vd mQt rdaO.rg-"ac ta-rrt trl Qudc gia khdcE "U"gNam Ninh, Qu6ng Chiu, cflng quy tg vd H6ng K6ng. TilHdng K6ng, tin trlc drra vd qudc nQi, ngdy 12-8-1947 nhiduDodn thd nh6m hop gdi diQn v[n sang Hdng KOng y€u cduCr/u Hoing B6o-Dai chlng ra di6u dinh vdi Ph6p. Mta hdndm 194'7 , Pham-Cinh-Hodn da trd vd Ha NQi, clem mgi tintfc vd ho4t dQng cria Qudn dQi vn cdcPhdi <lohn chinh trfcria D4i ViQt Qudc DAn Eing 6 hdi ngoai; Lric niy hing ngflDing vi6n Dai ViQt Qudc Din Ding dd quy tu v6 Ua N6ikhd d6ng dri. N6n ngiy 01-09-1947, Pham-Cinh-Hoin ddcing c6c Ding vi6n Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ddng 0 Ua NQi tdchrlc mQt cuQc bidu rinh l6n tai Nhi h6t Thanh ptrdHa N6ivd ngiy 14 thdng 9 thi bidu tinh tdn lai di6n ra t4i Sii Gdnring hQ CrJu Hoing Bio-Dai.

B. HQr NGH! u6ruo rOrueNhdn ddn d6 rUb6 nh6m CQng SAn U6-Chi-Minh, Qudn

dQi Phrip thi d6n COng S6n lOn midn Thrlgng du B6c ViQt vixem nhrrlh mQt ddn th6o khdu, tuy6n bdkhOng thrrdng thuydtvdi ho.

Ngay sau khi thoili vf, B6o-D4i da bi CQng Sin vi ph4m,chi d4p nhf,ng didu kiQn tho6i vi mi B6o-Dai dd n6u ra.Ddn thdi didm d6, B6o-Dai 14i trd n€n m6t nhdn v{t thd niencho truydn thdng chri quydn Nhi Nguy6nmi ngrldi Phdp datilng kf kdt nhttng Hda ddc tr} trUdc nlm 1945.

Do d6 Ad aap rhg nguyQn vong cfia nhdn dAn ba kj',ngdy-09-09 Ig4T,CttrHodng B6o-D4i da trieu tAp D?i biducrta24 chinh ding vd doin thd nhAn ddn ViQt Nam hqp hQi

206 * Tpr.niGT M clliNnjtpl HAI-NCoAI

nghi tai U6ng KOng ld ndi mh ctru Hoing B6o-D4i va mQt sdchinh khrich Vi6t Nam lttu vong hiQn dang tam trf nOn drlocgoi li H6i nghi Hdng K6ng 1947.

Muc clich cria HQi nghi ln hinh thhnh mOt thd chd choQudc gia Vi6t Nam dd ddong ddu vdi Phdp bXng c6ch didudinh cho c6 duoc m6t nrldc ViQt Nam DQc lQp. Mit kh6c timphddng thfc dd triQt ti€u CQng SdnViQt Nam.

Khi HOi nghi bdn ddn Qudc k)', 6ng LO-Van-DQ, mQtHoa sl ndi danh cria Vi6t Nam il6 trinh bdy ra nhidu m6u cd,H6i nghi chon Cd vdng ba soc d6, trlc ld cd qu6 Cdn vi ba socd6 6 gitra n6n cd miu vhng Hdn vdi nhau, soc d6 nXm gifrak:h6ng bi drlt doan nhrl cd qu6 Ly thdi Chinh phri TrAn-Trgng-I(inr. Y nghTa cfia Li cd ndy cfrng gidng nhucd qu6 Ly thaybing qu6 Cdn (theo Dich lf).

Ddn khi chon Qudc ca, Nguy6n-T6n-Hodn d6 gidi thiQubdi "Sinh vi6n hdnh khtic" cria Ldu-Htru-Phddc vd gi6i thichrO xudt xrlld vlo thiing 3-1942,16ng hQi Sinh vi6n D6ngDrrdng td chrfc tai Eai Giing Dddng cria Vi6n Dai hoc HiNOi mOt Uudi nat dd tdy ti6n girip cho bQnh nh0n nghdo taiciic bQnh vi6n mi c6c Sinh vi€n Y DrrQc d5 thr/c t{p. Nh6ndip ndy Tdng hQi Sinh vi0n E6ng Dddng mudn drla ra m6thdnh khric dac biQt cho Sinh vi6n. Nguy6n-Tbn-Hohn dd dr/ocTdng hQi bAu cir giao cho tr5ch nhiQm chon lda vd cl6 chonmQt khric nhac cta Sinh vi6n Luu-Hfru-Phtldc s6ng t6c tUhiccdn hoc d Trudng P6trus K)' sai Gdn. MOt tQp thd sinh vi6ncfing drrdc cfr ra dd 1o viQc dAt ldi ca cho khric nh4c drlQc*ung t6n li "Sinh vi6n Hhnh khtic". Bdi hrit dy dd, drroc phdbidn sdu r6ng trong hing ngfi Sinh vi€n, Hoc sinh vd Thanhni6n khdp ba kI vd ci Cao Mi6n, Ai Lao nf,a, todn Xrl DOngDUdng.

DAr-uET ordc-oAH-sArc * 207

HQi nghi Hdng K6ng aa Adng thanh ch6'p thufln chonbii Sinh vi6n Hinh khfc lim Qudc ca vi sfia ctdi ldi ca laicho thich hdp.

HQi nghi H6ng K6ng cfrng c6 bdn ddn viQc thinh tQpm6t Chinh phri tai Sii Gdn, nhrlng nhi6u f kidn chdng ddinhau kh6ng di ddn nhdt trf. Nguy6n-T6n-Hoin li m6t trongnhfing thinh phdn chdng ddi vi6c thdnh tQp mOt Chinh phfitai Sdi Gdn khi md ndn DQc lQp cria ViCt Nam chrla duocngudi Phrip minh clinh 16 r6t.

Sau HQi nghi H6ng KOng, Nguy6n-T6n-Hoin vd mQtvdi nh6n si khi{c dd c6 tld nghi Crru Hoing B6o-Dai kh6ngn6n vd nUdc ngay md n6n sang GenEve tidp tuc vdn dQng ildiDQc lQp cho Vi€t Nam. Edn thr{ng lI-1947, Nguy6n-T6n-Hoin, Nguy6n-\/5n-Kidu vi c6c ding vi6n khr{c ldn lddr trdvd nudc...

HQi nghi Hdng K6ng th6ng 9-1947ld m6t brrdc thinhc6ng ddu ti6q cria nhfrng ngtldi C6ch mangViCt Nam chdngCQng Sin. Vi vdy ct,c nh6m Vi6t Minh CQng Sdn tt c6c cumn/ng gii cria BXcViQt ddn ciic vfrng bDn ldy l6i cria Ci Mau,D6ng Thrip... ddu ra srlc gdo th6t, hdm hdc bhng nhtrng lu6ndi6u hhn hoc, rrlc giQn dd b6i xdu Cuu Hodng B6o-Dai vhhing ng0 nhfrng Chidn sl Crich m?ng Qudc gia chdng CQng.

Phfa ngddi Ph6p thi thdi ki,dDng v6 hlc cflng s6p tdi gidihan, n€n nhfrng cu6c thf,m dd da drroc md mdn. Ngdy 06-12-1947 mQt cuQc gip gd gitra Cao fiy Ph6p qudc Bollaert vdCrru Hodng Bio-Dai tr6n chidn harn Duguay Trouin tai VinhHa Long thu6c hii ph{n cria Td qudc ViQt Nam.

Crru Hoing B6o-Dai v6n nhdt quydt gifrvtrng lQp tnrdng

208 * muNGTAMctfNruqnfurcoN

theo tinh thdn HOi ng$ H6ng K6ng li ddi h6i tnOt ndn DOclflpThdne nhdt thQt sgcho D0n tQcViQt Nam, ngrrdi Phdp *nvdn cdn do dr,t chd dQi.

Ngiy 26-12-1947, QrIu Hohng B&o-D4i tlE chinh thfcrAi H6ie rong dd ,urgAu ChAu.

ofl-uE-T ondc-oAu-sAnc * 209

tr. HrEp-u6c vlNH HA-LONG

Ngdy 05-06- 1948, tr6n chidn ham Duguay Trouin b6 neotrong Vinh Ha Long BXc Vi6t, mQt HiQp rldc dtloc ky kdtgitra Thti trrdng Nguy6n-Vhn-XuAn vi Cao riy Ph6p Bollaertvdi srlchrlng kidn ctia CrIu Hohng B6o-Dai; Nudc Ph6p c6ngnhdn ndn DQc l6p cfia Qudc gia ViQt Nam. Vi€t Nam gianhdp Khdi Li6n hiQp Ph6p vdi trjc6ch ld mot eudc gia 1i6nkdt.

Vdi HiQp rrdc Vinh Ha Long, Qudc gia ViQt Nam DQclQp vi thdng nhdt d5 hinh thdnh.

Lai mQt ldn n[a, ViQt Minh COng Sdn Hn lft ndi mi6nThrrong du BXc ViQt tim dfi moi cdch <ld xfc pham vi nghentrlc, ty hidm...

Chring kidn vi6c lcj kdt HiQp rrdc Vinh H4 Long xong,Crlu Hoing B6o-Eai trd lai Au ChAu itd tidp tuc cuQc vQndQng th0u hdi todn ven lSnh thd vi DQc lQp thflt sU cho Tdqudc ViQt Nam.

Ddu nim I949,D4iVigt qudc Ddn Ding 116 chinh thrlcdd ctt Ludt srr L6-Th[ng thdn hinh sang Ph6p dd trao th8ngcho Cuu Hoing B6o-Dai mQt Bach thtr dua nhfrng tli6u kiQn16 r6t dd dbi h6i Ph6p qudc. Do d6 CrJu Hoing B6o-D4i rldndm vtrng duo. c tinh hinh qudc nQi n6n tidp tr;c tranh ddu theonhfng nguyQn vgng, mong rrdc thidt tha cria toin thd mQtDdn t6c.

210 * rer;NGT Mclliurlqnmco^t

NrJdc Ph6p cfing mudn sdm chdm drlt mQt giai do4n nhinhIng d vtng lAy ViQt Nam.

CrIu Hodng d6 vtrng tin vio nhfrng 19 le, nhfrng ddcnguyQn chinh cl6ng cria Ddn tQc n6n d6 Odi Oap thEng.th6nuZ\

"arPh6i bO ctia enap qudc til Herzog (B0 Ph6p qudc hdi

ngo4i) ddn Pignon (Cao riy Ph6p t4i D6ng Drldng)'

Ngdy 02-03-lg4g' Chinh phfi Ph6p hrla s6 dda ra QudchQi x6t mQt drl6n thidt l{p mQt HQi nghi Dfa phtrong Namky.

C6c cuQc trao ddi, ddm dao tilng phdn hanh da kdt thric""Clru Hodng B6o-D4i tuY6n bd:

"Chi tr& vi nudc khi ndo H\i n7hi Dia phuong Nam lqchdp thuQn vdi da sd phidu tdi xdp nhQp Nam k) Thu|c diavdo ldnh *d Wil Nam..."

Dfl-vrET oudc-oAu-sfue *2ll

ilt. HlEp udc ELYSEE

Ngdy 08-03-1949 ,I(tc 12gid, tai rliQn Elys6e, ph6i dodnctia Ph6p qudc do Tdng thdng Vincenr-Auriol cAm clAu vdPhrii doin cia Vi€t Nam do Crru Hoing B6o-Dai cdm rlduda td trp.

Hai vi Dai diQn cho hai Qudc gia Phdp qudc vd ViQtNam, T'dng thdng Ph6p qudc Vincenr-Auriol vi Ctru HoingBio-Dai dd long trgng kf tOn vio mQt HiQp trdc rltrQc menhdanh li HiQp rldc Elys6e 1949. NQi dung HiQp dinh nhusau:

COng nh6n:- ViQt N-am li m6t nudc clQc 16p, Thdng nhdt ldnh thd,

tohn ven tUAi Nam Quan ddn mfri Ca Uuu.- Viet Nam c6 ddy dfi quydn han vd moi l6nh vrrc: eudn

srl, Ngoai giao, Ttrphilp, Kinh td, Tii ch6nh, \En h6a....

HOi nghi Dia phuong Nam kj' c0ng d6 duoc tri€u tQp.Ngiy 23-04-1949, HQi nghi d6 bidu quydt s6t nhQp l6nh thdNam kj' thuOc dia vdo ViQt Nam Thdng nhdt, b6c b6 ndnph6p chd ri6ng biQt cria Nam kj,. Ngiy 2g-04-tg4g, CrruHodng B6o-Dai trd vd nudc; Tai Dh Lat, Ctru Hodng 86oD4i tidp tuc tham kh6o f kidn ci{c nh0n si, ci{c dodn thd chinhtri vd t6n gi6o.

HiQp rrdc Elys6e 08-03-1949 dd drrdc ph6 chudn, ngay14-06-1949, 16 trao cldi van kiQn gif,a ph6p qudc vd Vi€t Nam

212 * rcuNGT McniNlilqntmcoN

dd drroc long trong td chrfc, trddc srlhiQn diQn cfia CUu HodngB6o-Dqi vd Thuong srlL6on-Pignon cfia Ph6p qudc t4i Thinhpfrd Sai Gdn vd til d6 Sai Gdn trd thinh Thri dO cta nudc ViQtNam DQc lQp Thdng nhdt.

Sau budi 16 trao cldi van kiQn, Ctru hodng 86o Dai dd c6nhidu ldi tAm huydt gdi ddn qudc ddn c6 doan nhusau:

"Qudc DAn ViQt Nam!Theo dring nguy€n tXc th6a hiQp n6i tr6n, sdthdng nhdt

lanh thdviQt Nam ngdy nay cl6 drroc thuc hien. Ngiy 6 thdng6 vila r6i, qudc hQi Phdp cfing cl6 bidu quydt long trong thUa

nhQn sr/ s6t nh{p Nam phAn vdo 16nh thd Viet Nam. Nhu vf ythd chdthuQc dia do c5c Hda udc 1862 vd 1874 t1o n6n, ddhoin tohn thri ti6u. Ndn DQc lflp ntrdc nhd tai hiQn vi tU nay,nrrdc ViQt Nam sE trr di6u khidn c6ng vi6c minh tr€n ilrrdngqudc td cfrng nhu vd m{t nOi bO. Vd phr/dng diQn qudc td'n.rd. tu cl6 c6 dri quydn nlng cria mQt nrldc tlQc lQp, quydnngoai giao ri6ng, quy6n d{t sf qu6n t4i ngoai qudc, quydntidp nhfln c6c srl qu6n ngoai giao, quydn gdi lSnh sr/ di c6cnudc, quydn cli6u dinh vd kf kdt nhtrng hiQp rrdc qudc tdcDng ld quydn gia nh{p td chrlc Li6n HiQp Qudc...".

DAr-uET oudc-oAu-oAuc

e??ra?r? s

xAY DONG TflANfl-TRiquoc-GrA cudruc CQNG

214 * xly-DtlNcTntrt'tn-Ipiouoccnorfucqcnrc

DAruE-T orfc-oAnoAnc * 2t5

r. au6c erA vtET NAM(Etot viCt Nom)

Sau khi HQi nghi U6ng KOng kdt thfc g-tg47,Nguy6n-Tdn-Hodn dd vd th8ng Sdi Gdn r6i tdn luot cing ci{c d6ngvi6n dd tham du HQi-nghi Hdng-K6ng li6n lac vdi cric XrlbQdd trinh bdy 16 rdng moi di6n tidn cria tinh hinh vd nhdt td kdtqui cria HOi nghi H6ng K6ng. Tohn thd Ddng vi€n Dai ViQtQudc Ddn Ding tilBXc chi Nam <l6u dd f thrlc drroc sdph6ncria ddn tQc Viet Nam trong giai doan s5p tdi.

CrIu Hodng B6o-Dai v6n tidp tuc cdng viQc vdn dQng vitranh d0'u cho n6n DQc lflp, Thdng nhdt cria Ddn rQc. Ddatheo ciic quydt dinh cfia HOi nghi H6ng KOng, Nguy6n-\trn-Xudn, m6t tudng lSnh cillng ra rhinh lQp Chinh phri ldm thdic6 mQt sdnhAn vdt tham dUHQi nghi H6ng KOng giitchfc vgQudc vu khanh, Tdng trudng, Thf rrUdng...Chinh phri niy ddra m6t qudc d6n ngiy 02-06-1948.

Ddn ngiy 23-4-Ig4g,khi Ph:{p qudc tuy6n bdchd'p nhQncho Nam kj, thuQc d1a duoc s6p nhQp vio lSnh thd thdng nhdtcfia ViQt Nam, Chinh phfi Nguy6n-vln-Xu6n rrJ rh1'y da hdtnhi€m vu chuydn tidp n€n ngi.y 20-06 -1949 rlQ ildn rilchrlc.

A. DAr vlEr ou6c oAru sAtlo vA cHiNH pnrj ou6c on.t; ^cHoNG C9NG DAU TIENNgdy 28 thdng 4 ndm 1949, Cuu Hoing B6o-Dai h6i

huong vd chinh thrlc chdp chinh vdi tu ciich lh eudc rrudng

216 * xrw-or,Nc ttil,lulrpi ouoccr,t ctt6c cotc

ki6mThri trrdng. MOt Ph6i dodn cria Xf b0 BScViQt do D{ng-Vbn-Sung d6n dAu tl6 vdo Sii Gdn phdi hgp vdi Xr1b0 Trungvi Nam dd sXp xdp viQc dtla ngrrdi ra tham gia Chinh phricia Crfu Hodng B6o-D4i'

d Sai Gdn, vdi h6m sau, Ph6i dodn Xf b0 Bdc ViQt laiph6t gi6c ra vi€c Nguy6n-Dddng-D6n cl6 l6n trit tidp xric vdigia dinh Ng0-Dinh-Nhu, n€n Ddng-Vdn-Sung cl6 phii dDngbiQn phrip gifr chdn Nguy6n-DUdng-D6n 14i kh6ng cho rangoli dd tidp xric vdi ai c6.

Sau khi bdn ludn vdi Cr/u Hoing Bio-Eai, Dai ViQt QudcDAn D6ng c6 ndm (5) Ddng vi0n tham gia Chinh phri ld:LuQt sul6-Thang (Ngo4i giao), Bdc siPhan-Huy-Qudt (Gi6oduc), Nguyen-mn-Hodn (Thanh ni6n), D[ng-Trinh-Ky (T6ng

thu ky Chinh phri), Nguy6n-Hffu-Tri (Thri hidn Bdc ViQQ.Ngdy Ol-O1-lg4g, Chinh phri Qudc gia ViQt Nam do CrruUoang B6o-Dai lSnh dao ra m6t trddc qudc ddn vdi thdnhphdn nhu sau:

* Tht trrdng: Qudc trfdng Bio-D4i.* Ph6 Thfi trrdng ki6m Tdng ffddng Qudc phdng: Trung

ttldng Nguy6n-Vin-Xudn.* Tdng tnrdng Ngo4i giao: Nguy6n-Phan-Long'x Tdng tnrdng Trrph6p: Nguy6n-Kh6c-VQ.* rdrg tnrEng Qudc gia Kinh tdvi Kdho4ch:Trdn-Vhn-

Vin.* BQ trddng Phfi Thfi trrdng ki6m NOi vu: V[-Ngoc-Trin.* B0 tnrdng Thi chr{nh: Drrdng-Tdn-Tdi.* BQ tnrdng Ngo4i giao: LuQt srrL6-Thdng'* B0 trudng Qudc phdng:Trin-Quang-Vinh'* BO tnrdng Thrrong mai vh K! nghQ: Hoing-Cung. *

BQ trudng Canh n6ng, Xa hQi vi Lao dQng: K! srI Phan-I(h6c-Stru.

DArvE-T oudc-oAn-sil c * 217

* BO trudng Thanh ni6n vd Thd thao: Nguy6n-T0n-Hodn.- x B0 trudng COng chrinh, Giao rh0ng vd Kidn thidt TrAn-Vhn-Cta.

* BO trudng Qudc gia Gi6o duc: Bdc siPhan-Huy-eu6r.* BQ trudngY td: Bdc sINguy5n-Hfru-Phidm.x BQ tnrdng Thdng tin: Trdn-Vhn-Ti.ry€n.* f dng thuhi Chinh phri: Ddng Trinh-K!x Thf hidn BXcVi6r: Nguy6n-Htru-Trf* Thfi hidn Trung ViQt: Phan-Vhn-Gir{ox Thfi hidn NamViet: TrAn-VIn-Hfru.

ViQc thdu hdi drroc Nam k) qudc (Nam kj, rhuQc dia) s6tnhflp vd vdi ViQt Nam Thdng nhdt li c6ng lao cfia nhiducloin thd, nhi6u ci{ nhdn, nhdt th Cdu Hodng-Bio-D4i tiln5m1946. Khi drlng ra thinh lQp Chinh phfi, Cuu Hohng 86o-Dai mudn der Thri tl6 t4i Cd d6 Uud. CO rd't nhidu chinhkh6ch khuy6n can, trong d6 c6 6ng TrAn-vin-An, dd ph6ntich 16 ring loi hai, nhdt li n6i l6n cho Thd gidi, cho eudcdin bidt ring, ddt Nam k!' ld cfia ViQt Nam Thdng nh6't, n6nCrru Hodng dd quydt dinh rldr Thri dO t4i Sii Gdn. Tt rt6 vdsau, Thri d6 cfia Qudc gia ViQt Nam li Sdi Gdn.

Tai BXc ViQt hic 0'y, Nguy6n-Dinh-T4i drrdc cfr giil chrlcvu Tdng Girim tldc C6ng an, Nguy6n-Dinh-Lf (Li thudc ldo)gifrchrlc vu Gi6m ddc C6ng an Hi NQi, phAn nhidu ci{c chfcvU then chdt trong ngdnh COng an I cdc Tinh, ci{c Thinhphd, cric Thi trdn cldu do c6c D6ng vi6n Dai ViQt eudc D6nDdng nXm gi(I.

B. cHIEN-TRANH uEp-BAo GtUA DAt-uETVA cOxo-sAr,rSau nhtrng nim bi ddy v6 Thr.rdng du Bdc ViQt, CQng

Sin ViQt Minh lai mudn wdn ra nhtrng mfii diQp b6o tung v6thinh phdvd nhfng vung Qudc gia kidm so6r. Ban ttAu nhirng

218 * xrrv-o$c mrmrurpi ouoccl,t GrSlc cq.Ic

rtiQp vi6n cria CQng Sin ViQt Minh xdm nhflp vd ving Qud.cgia tidm sodt ddu bi min ludi C6ng an ph6t gi6c thlQc vi b6thdt. Tidp ddn CQng Sin ViQt Minh ddi chidn thuQt sfi dung cinam l5n nf diQp vi6n nf,ng vd c6m h6a vi dAu dQc ttr nr6ng.Nhdng sfc cdm h5a cta C6ng an C6n b0 D6ng vi6n D4i ViQtlai manh hdn, ndn c6c nam, ntr diQp vi6n cria COng Sin dduUidn ttrann c6c h6i ch6nh vi6n thflt su, ho[c nhf,ng ning hAu,vd b6 th{t chung tinh rdi rdi b6 h8n hing ngfl CQng Sdn.

C6 ldn Xf riy BXc ViQt nhfln duoc thtl cfia Ding TnrdngTnrdng-Tfl-Anh gfri v6, Xr1fiy BXc ViQt [dn gdi nguQc lainhrng:n{t hiQu d6n nhi6u ndi, c5 ndi Ee ldi th) sai trft, nhidundi kh6ng tri ldi, im b{t... Nhf,ng lAn ddu tri ndy, phia CQngS6n ddu kh6ng clat drroc kdt qu6, chinh CQng Sdn dd phiikidm didm lai c6ng ti{c vh thila nhQn le da thdt b4i tren m4ttrQn diQp brio ddi vdi C6n bQ cfia D4i ViQt Qudc Ddn Ddng.

Thring 10 nim 1949, Hoing Deo (Nguy6n v[n Hodng)dd vdo Hud(Theo tuthuat cria Eodn Th6i).

"MOt Uudi ctridu thrl siiu cudi thdng 10-1949, anh XrlTrudng goi t6i ddn cho bidt c6 ngrldi til BXc vio xung t6nHoang Oao mang tin cfia Ding Trudng Tn/ong TfIAnh, mudlgap chUng ta dd trao tin vdo 13:30 ngdy mai. Anh ta cho bidtdang tam dUng chdn tai khdch san Morin b6n kia bd s6ngHrrong. Anh XtlTrddng mudn bidt chi tidt cfia ngudi khr{ch l.a

d6. TOi [dn ch4y tldn ddng chi Nguy6nVIn Manh, Gi6m cldc

Cinh srlt COng an Trung ViQt thi drrgc bidt y ta t6n Nguy6nVEn Hoing, tfc Hodng DAo, tnldng ty c6ng an ViQt MinhThanh H6a, dinh tC dAu hdng nhh chrlc tri{ch Ph6p, dd cungcdp nhi6u tin trlc COng Sin cho cdc cd quan cfia Ph6p vi x€dich di lai vdi c6ng vu lQnh do cg LO Thanh Cinh, tlai diQnVin Phdng Qudc Tnr6ng 86o Dai 6 Ha NQi hi. Ng-oii rad6ng chi Manh chrra c6 chi tidt nio khi{c vh hfa sE bd tric.

Dfl-uET oudc.onn.oAuc * 219

Anh Bfru HiQp suy nghi lung ldm vd ngay tdi h6m d6huy dQng mQt sd d6ng chi m6r m{r quan siit duong sr/ taikhSch san Morin, mQt m4t theo d6i dQng tinh trong vtng.

S6ng h6m sau ddng chi Manh cho bidt th0m y ta li ngrrdidi cudp vo cta ddng chi LO Kim Trgng vi d6 drroc thlng cdpldm thanh tra 6 Li6n khu 4ViQt Minh.

Trua h6m {y taiphdng khrich ruthdr anh Xf Trudng c6m6t anh Hi Thric K1i, anh Nguy6n Lrrong va t6i. Dring 13:30gid, Hoing Dao cldn vdi mQt ngrrdi h0 vQ drroc gidi thiQu t6nlh Kim Son. Y ta mf,c 6o cdn b0 CS 4 trii cdn Kim Sdn thikhoi{c du phuc chinh td.

Chri khrlch ngdi tr6n bQ tnrdng ki ddi di6n nhau. Chringt6i ng6i ghdriCng b6n canh vi sau lung anh XrfTrrrdng. KimSon ngdi ddi diCn chring r6i phia Hoing Dao. T6i nhQn x6tt6n Kim Son theo d6i chdm chri cu6c dim tho4i vd lu6n lu6ntrong tr/thdphdng v€.

Hoing cho bidt y li crin bO trung cdp cria ViQt Minh,kh6ng chiu ndi o 6p kim chd cria cdp cao hdn, y nhidu Hndrrgc tidp xric vdi Dling Tnrdng cria chring ra vi ldnh hQidllQc y chi cao c6 cria Ddng Tnl6ng, vO ctng kinh phuc, n€ny dd thuydt phuc ddoc m6t sdnhAn vf t c6 tinh thAn phung st/ddn t6c hudng rlng. Sau khi ho bin ludn vdi nhau nhfn thdyphdi c6 kd srich doin kdt ciic rd chrlc, nhdn v{r y6u nrrdc ctahai khu vrlc nXm trong tay ViQt Minh vd phAn trr do lai vdinhau dd c5 sri'c manh chung. Sau khi hQi f vdi Ding TnrdngTruong TirAnh vd dr/dc chdp thuQn, y ta nhdn ldnh srlmangra khu trJ do thi hinh kd hoach phdi tri dd xoay chi6u thdcu6c. Y ta lai cho bidt tt c[n crl dia Di Linh, Ding Tnrdng rlImd rQng ilia bin xudng trung du vi 116 li6n lac vdi c6c xf daohen cing nhau vtng ddy.

Anh XrlTnIdng vi chring t6i binh tinh l6ng nghe, kh6ngmQt ldi binh lu6n, thinh thoing ddt vdi cdu h6i li6n quan ttdnhinh tung cria D6ng Trudng. Hohng 0di dap ltnr lo6t tr6i ch6y

220 * xl\y-DrIG nlANH.iIpi OUOCCLI Cnfuc coc

cdt y t4o nidm tin ndi chfng tdi vdi lu4n diQu nhrrld sr1gi6 criaDing Tildng.

Ludi .tng y nit trong tfi mOt xdp tdi liQu in sfrn $hd tOx13, y hQt nhuTuy€n Ng6n 1939 mi chring t6i da ding, xdpb6 ggn tr6n tfi i{o trrldc nam 1946 dd hoc tQp vd qu6ng bd)'Anh Xf Tnrdng doc sd qua thi d6 le ldi hiQu triQu vi chinhcddng thdnh ldp M4t Tr{n Dodn Kdt T6i D{ng pdt NrrdcChdng Ngoai Xdm. Ba nhdn v{t dAu ndo tudng tnrng cho 3phAn B6c, Trung, Nam ld B6c sI Nguy6n Xuin Chf,, B6c si-e,ru

Hiep vd Kf gii Hulnh Hodi L4c. Anh Xrl Tnrdng h6i,d0y mdi th cu6c gap gd dAu ti6n sao lai trJtiQn ghi t6n anhXfTnrdng vdo, mQt hdnh dQng kh6ng nghi€m chinh. Y ta gi6ithich d6 ld f mudn cria Eing Tnrdng vi d6 nghi lriQu tQp mQtphiOn hqp tai Khu IV mh y ta dang m6c ndi Ad td chrfc. Tri{chnhiOm an toan di vd y ta thu xdp. Anh Xrl Tnldng h6i diadidm hOi hop thi y ta n6i chrra thd tidt 16, nOn anh XrlTnldngb6o y ld chring ta chiu triich nhiQm td chrlc hQi hop t4i ThilaThi6n, ndi khu an todn cria chfng ta. Vifa n6i anh XrlTn/8ngvUa x6 d6i tQp tdi liQu trudc m[t moi ngr-Idi. Anh tidp th6m:nh6n vQt dAu ndo thi phii doi quydt dinh chung, vi 14i cflngcAn c6 s{th6a thudn chung.Y ta cflng mudn bidtkhu an todncta ta, mudn bidt, dd la thr/c h,rc cria chfng ta, song anh XtlTnrdng hrr hu thgc thrlc vUa crrdi vila n6i: "Cf,ng kh6ng xa15m md cflng kh6ng gdn cl6y, h6i TrdnVidt Chdu thi bidt..."'Rdi ttri ti6n khdch md kh6ng hen ti{i ngQ. (Chdu li tnrdng tyc6ng an Thila Thi6n ViQt Minh, vo y li ch6u Ting ThiQnVddng. Xrl Trudng di d6nh tldn ly gi6n, ddn ndm 1951 thichauti di6u dQng ra li€n khu vi sau d6 CS b6t giam nhrtanh XrlTrddng ti6n liQu).

Sau khi cdn lai ri6ng vdiAnh, XrlTnrdng gi6i thich: khimdi gflp t6i de dDng mQtkhdu vi mat hieu md tnldc ddy t6iua annbeng Tnrdng thrrdng hay trao ddi hay tidp xric, ho4ctidp xric vdi 1i6n lac viOn trung ddng. Nhi6u khi t6i cd din

ofl-uE-T oudc-oAl-sAuc * 221

manh mi y tuyQt nhi6n kh6ng chri f , rhi t6i dd tlo6n ra ngayy ta ld m6t t6n ViQt Minh ph6n giiln, m6t t6n dich mudn lenl6i vdo hlng ngf, qudc gia dd lUng doan, drinh ph6, n6n t6i d6x6 tQp tdi li€u tnI6c mf,t moi ngUdi, thdmi y ta v6n tr6n tr6odd la cd sd cria minh. Anh crl xem, ndu Ddng Trudng rt6kh6ng xudt hiQn sau flfi21d m6r bidn cdtrAm rrong Odi vOiDing, vd ndu Ding Tn/dng an toin sinh hoat tai m6t cIn crldia nio d6, thi it nhdt ra cfrng c6 tin trlc. Nhflng vu CS vdtchanh b6 v6 nhucu Hu!'nh Thfc Khr{ng bi chfng thri ti6u dQuing Ngai bhng mQr mfii ti6m tr[ sdt r6t vi srrhiQn di6n criacg ddn n[m 1948 kh6ng cdn cAn thidt. Vu CS thfi ti6u rllcNguy6n Trung Thuydt, vU vrldt nguc cria 3 dtc 6trai Drrng vivu hdnh quydt hq d DO Lrldng v.v...

Chring ta d6u c6 tin trfc. Ding Trudng ndu md rQng tliabin hoat tlQng vtng trung du Thanh H6a thi itnh{tchring tacfing c6 tin vd Ddng Trddng it nhdt ciing phr{i ngrrdi li6n l4cvdi chfng ta, cho n6n t6i da huhrrth{c thr/c gii n6 vio tai cdibiy dd it nhdt n6 cf,ng thanh to6n r€n TrAnVidt ChAu.

Ngdy h6rn sau, Thri Hidn Phan VIn Git{o til Dd L4t vdnghe br{o cilo srI c6 mit cria Hoing Dao, d6 cho ling b5tnhtrng kh6ng kip, vi hai ngudi dd c5 An oiin ndm 1945-46 6Thanh H6a vi til dd Hodng Dao kh6ng di{m b6n mdng ddnHud",

Nam 1950, vdi muc dich thlm dd, kidm didm lai viQcchidn dd'u vd ph6t tridn Chidn khu Dzi Linh, Thanh H6a vic6c Phong trio Gi6o ddn khr{ng CQng rai Li6n khu IV; Dang-\trn-Sung dd trio bao tung ra rnQt td xung kich gdm c6 c6cding vi6n trlnguyQn d6m tri{ch li: Nguy6n-vIn-Hrldng (MrrdiL6), Nguy6n-Quang-Minh (trfc DQi ThiQn), Dinh-Xudn-Cdu.'Id xung kich niy da dQr nhflp dudc vio n6i dia cria ThanhHda 1i6n khu IY sau vi hQ thdng truydn tin bi tryc rAc kh6nghoat dQng dudc (Nguy6n-Quang-Minh lo vi6c li6n lac bIng

222 * x.ty-ornlc mru'inmi ouocclr Crr6c @c

miiy truydn tin cta Td xung kich) n€n da bi CQng Sin ph6tgiric va Ul uay bdt, nhrlng Dinh-XuAn-Cdu lai trdn thor{t dtlgc[hng cactr dnng be tre dd xu6i theo ddng s6ng, cdn Mrrdi L6vh Nguy6n-Quang-Minh mdi ddn ndm 1954 (HiQp dinhGendve) m6i duoc trao tr6.

c. VIEC THAM GIA CHINH OUYCN OU6C GIA CtjA CACctriruil oAruo

Til HiQp dinh sd bq 06-03-1946, H6-Chi-Minh cong khaiph6n bOi DAn tQc biin nddc cho thrlc d6n Ph6p, nrdc QuAndOi Phdp trdn l€n ddtBdc ildnT4mUdc (ModusVivendi) 14-

Og-1g46.H6-Chi-Minh dd nhuc nhd l6c 72 gid d6m ddn 96cfra nhd ri6ng 86 trudng ThuQc itia Ph6p qudc ld MariusMoutet dd thAm thi van xin drrgc kf vio vi bXng hdn h4 dy'Hd-Chi-Minh vi fEp doin COng Sin chi cdndi ni mQt di6uddn dOc li xin Aug" enap qudc chdp nhQn cho Nh6m H6-Chi-Minh drrgc gia nhQp vio fhdi I-ien HiQp Phrlp.

Vdi giii ph6p B6o-Dai, tUHOi nghi Hdng Kdng ddn hiQp

ddcVintr-Ha Long, HiQp udc Elys6e tc! kdt gifra B6o-D4i vit'dng thdng Ph6pVincentAuriol 08-03-1949 vd tuy6n bdngdy23-04-lg4g cta Ph6p qudc. UOt Qudc gia ViQt Nam (EtatVietNam) thdng nhdt drrdi quydn lSnh d4o cta Qudc tnrdngB6o-Dai dd nghi6m nhi6n trd n6n mQt thdnh vi6n cria Li6nHiQp Phrip vdi tinh c6chm6t Qudc gia tlQc 10p. Nhrlv{y chlquybn dd li6n tuc thuQc vd g6o Eai hQp vdi luQt ph6p qudc8.-COn nhtrng k6 phdn bOi, vi ph?m ttidu kiQn cam kdt trongchidu thodi vi ngiy 25-08 -1945 cria B6o-Eai ild bi Ph6p 1o4i

b6 vd d6n l6n midn Thtlgng du Bdc ViQt.

Ddnthdi clidm dy, c6c ldnhtg Qudc giaViQtNamtr/thdyrXng kh6ng thd ndo thric ddy Qudc tn/dng B6o-D4i nhanhch6ng hontong viQc tranh thfi DOc lQp toin vqn itdi vdi Ph6p

DA!-v! E-T ondc-oAu-oAu c * 223

qudc. Nhrlng trong Chinh phri ildu ti6n ngly 01-7- 1949,baviB0 trudng ld Nguy6n-T6n-Hoin (BO Thanh ni6n), Bi{c siPhan-Huy-Qur{t (B0 Giiio duc), Lu0t sul6-Thlng (BO Ngoaigiao) di d6ng nhdt dAr va'n dd vdi phrti <loin phrip qudc doResterucci l6nh dao vd td chti'c I(hdi Li6n hiQp ph6p n6nthinh lQp nhrr fndi LiCn hiQp Anh. Ngudi phr{p chua s6nsing chdp nh6n nhfrng r.Idc vong cta eudc gia ViQt Nam.Nhrrng dAu sao Qudc gia ViQt Nam vdn ld m6tph6o l[y, m6ttrQn tuydn hfru hi6u nha't dd tidn hinh vi6c tidu truphe nh6mCQng Sin H6-chi-Minh.

Vi vQy trong tdt cit cdcnOi c6c vd sau niy, nhtrng ldnh tucfia c6c Ddng phrii Qudc gia c16u c6 mdr nhrr:

* NQi c6c Trdn-Vhn-Hfru ngiy 06-05-1950 c6 Nguy6n-Tbn-Hoin (B 6 Thanh ni6n), TiAn-\En-Tiry6n OiQt Nam eudcDAn Ding)BQ Trudng tai Phri Thri trrdng.

* NOi c6c Nguy6n-\trn-T[m ngiy 06-06 -tg52c6 Cung-Dinh-Qu) @0 Canh n6ng), L6-Thlng (B0 Xa hQi), V[-H6ng-Khanh (Vi6t Nam Qudc D0n Ddng) BQ Thanh ni€n, Ng6-Thric-Dich (Vi6t Nam Qudc D0n Ddng) BO CUu Chidn binh.

x NOi cilc Brru-L6c ngiy 11-01-1959 c6 Phan-Huy-eu6t(BO Qudc phdng), L6-Thing (BQ Th6ng tin)...

D. THANH.NIEN BAO.OUdCTrong HQi nghi H6ng KOng (9/1947) kh6ng c6 quydt rtinh

drlt kho6t vd viQc thanh Qp mQt Chinh phri t4i Nam k), nhuhgNguy6n-\En-Xudn, mQt Si quan cria QuAn tlQi phr{p, c6 eudctich Phdp, cd vd ddm... m6t nhdn v6t mQt thidt vdi phr{p laidfng ra thdnh lfp Chinh phri LAm thdi cfia ViQt Nam viothdng 10-1947. Dai ViQt eudc DAn Ding vdn tidp tgc thticdgc Cr/u Hodng B6o-Dai tich crrc tranh ddu dd ngudi ph6pquydt dinh rO ring vd vi6c si{t nhfp Nam k} thuQc dia vdoVi6t Nam thdng nhdt, n6n kh6ng tham gia trong Chinh phfi

224 * My-DtlNG TtrANnjrpi ouoccn orfuc cQlc

l6m thdi. Thdi gian niy D4i ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding Xrl b0NamViQt c6 thhnh lQp mQt Dodn thd Ngo4i vi it6 ld THANHNIEN gAo qu6C do D6-Van-Ning l6nh d4o, Doin k!' ldndn vhng ba ng6i sao xanh 6 g6c tr6i. D6-Van-NIng qu6 6ChQ Lr{chVinh Long, theo Thn hoc nhtlng vdn v6 ki6m toin;nhdt le vd v6 thuflt, D6-VAn-Nlng thuQc vio hang tuyQt ludn,c6 thd budc trOn nhfrng hing coc 96 Od ddu v6. D6-vIn-NInglai ld ddng vi€n Ddng Xa hQi Phr{p goi t6t ld S.F.I.O md Thritddng LAm thdi Nguy6n-V[n-Xudn cflng li mQt Ding vi6ncria S.F.I.O n6n dd cdp gidy phdp vh kh6ng tao trd ngai trongviQc ho4t d6ng vi ph6t tridn Thanh ni6n Bio qudc. o6-Van-N[ng thuOc ldp ngttdi tr6 c6 thrJc tdi vd nhidu uy tin n6n d5quy tq rdt d6ng d6o Thanh ni6n gidu ldng y6u nU6c, y6u DdntQc cria midn Nam.Cdc cd sd td chfc cfia Thanh ni6n 86oqudc dd lan rOng kh6p crdc tinh 6 midn Nam md kh6ng h6 c6mOt trd ngai ndo vd phia Chinh phfi l6m thdi(r).

Ddn 02-07-lg4g, Dai Viet Qudc Ddn D6ng tham gia

(1). Trong khi cqu hodng 86o Dqi vqn dQng s6t nhqp Nam K!'vdoiann tnd ViCt tlum. tlhom th{c dAn 6 Nam K}' muu chdng ph5; chon6n DVQDD cuc ltJc chdng lai nhom th(c dAn dy. Thanh-Ni6n BAoQudc dd tich ct/c h6 trq cho Xri Bg Mi6n Nam trong ch0 truong ndy-Vi vay, Tudng doyer de la Tour du Moulin, 0y vi6n CQng-hda Ph6p 6ruam x9, tric o6 dd mdi D6-Van-Nang ddn gap vd thuydt phttc: "X.in

6ng nhd cho ring t6i ld ngudi Ph6p c6 nhi€m vu bAo vQ quydn lq.i cOanrrdc Phrip. CaCnoat dOng c0a doan-thd 6ng c6 hai cho quydn lqinay. Ca.6ng phAici'rdm O,it n6 hay it nhdt c0ng.giAm thidu n6.' Ndukh6ng, tdi bu-oc ldng phAi d6i ph6 mgt c6ch quydt tiCt' TOi s6 rdt tidc.,

ndu pnAi ldm nhu vay, vi t6i lrlc ndo c0ng tOn trQng 6ng ld ngudi mitt6i nhln nhan lir dting din...".

D6-Van-Nang aa didm tTnh trA ldi: "... T6i rdt cAm dn 6ng d6 t6 rathdnh th?t voi t6ivd t6i thdy c6 nhiqm vr; cgng phei thanh thit ddi vdi6ng. Xin 6ng hidu cho ring: 6ng y6u nrldc Ph6p nhu- thd ndro thl tOi

vEI nudc Viet Uam nhrr thd dy vd 6ng c6 quydt tAm bAo ve quydn lqiirnap nnr.r thd ndo thl t6i c0ng c6 quydt tAm bAo vQ quydn lqi nudcViet Nam nhu thd dY...".

Dfl-uE-T ondc-oAn-oAnc * 22s

Chinh phri do cUu Hoing B6o-Dai thinh 10p vd ldm Thfitrldng. Nguy6n-T6n-Holn gifichrlc vU BO tnldngThanhni6n,tU d6 Thanh ni6n 86o qudc duoc th€m srr b6o trd n6n phdt- .,ptri6n rQng r6i vd manh mE hdn kh6p tr6n tohn qudc.

Trung tdm Hu6'n luyQn Thanh ni6n 6 Nha Trang ld ndidio tao hing ngfr Thanh ni6n c6 lf trrdng Qudc gia, DAn t6c,quydt tdm chdng COng Sin, phAn d6ng ddu Id nhtrng Doinvi6n Thanh ni6n 86o qudc, nhtrng Thanh ni€n md tld chdpnh{n Chri nghia Ddn t6c Sinh tdn li ngon dudc d6n rhldngcho cudc ddu tranh cta minh.

Tai Trung T[m Hudn Luy6n Thanh ni6n 6 Nha Trangthdi bdy gid, ngoii vi€c hudn luyQn vd chuy€n mOn cdn c6phdnhudn luyQn vd chinhtri do c5c ding vi€n: Htng-Nguy6nNguy6n-Nggc-Huy, Pham-Th6i Nguy6n-Ngoc-mn, Dang-VEn-DQ v.v...phU tri{ch. Chrtong trinh hudn tuyQn chinh tri 116

c6 kdt qu6 rdt khi quan, dd tao cho hdng ngfl Thanh ni€n c6mQt lQp tnfdng, mQt ly tUdng Qudc gia, dAn tQc vfrng chXc.

Hoat clQng cria Thanh ni6n B6o qudc cdng ngiy cdng tlisdu rQng vio qudng dai quAn chfng, c6c ling mac xa x6i 6midn Nam ddu c6 srlhiQndi€n cfia Thanhni6ndi tuy6ntnrydncd v6 cho dudng ldi Qudc gia, DAn tQc. Bdi bric chdrtQ CQngSin vi hing ngfl C6n b0 cria CQng S6n gi6 danh Khdngchidn y€u nUdc.Vi vQy ttdn thring 01-1950, CQnS S6n rld 16nhit r{m s6t E6-Van-Nlng trong khi dang dtng xe dap di tilnhh 6 gdn Vudn Tho Din (vr.rdn Bd-RO) tldn try sd cfia Thanhni6n 86o qudc t4i T[n Dinh. Gia dinh vh D6ng dd an rdngp6-lAn-N[ng rdt trgng thd tai ngtrla ilia Mac-Dinh-Chi @dtTh6nhThy), Sli Gdn. M0 cfia D6-t/hn-Ndng thuQc vio loaiquy 6 trong nghia dia thdi bdy gid.

226 * xrrv-ogNc ttrrururni Quoccl^ Grfuc @c

Trdn-Vdn-Xu6n drloc Ding cfi thay thd D5-VAn-N[ngddm nhQn chfc vu Thti ldnh Thanh niOn 86o qudc Trungtldng (toin qudc).

TrAn-Vln-XuAn ngt/di gdc Thdt Ndt, Long Xuy6n, theoThn hoc, tinh khi rdt crrdng tnJc, v6c d6ng cao l6n, kh6e manhvd cfing tinh th6ng v6 thuat nhuD6-VAn-Ndng. V) thich hQptinh khi vdi nhau n6n tilthud ban dAu Trdn-vdn-Xudn vi D6-VIn-Ndng da ddng tAm thrlc hiQn chfi trddng li quy tu c6cThanh ni€n y€u ntldc, c6 nhi6t huydt cria ddn tQc ViQt Nam,nhf,ng thanh ni6n v) chrla c6 ngrrdi l6nh dao n6n dd bt CQngS6n lgi dung drla di lac dddng.

Vrrdng-Hfru-Drlc drrgc cfi gifl chrlc vu Thri 16nh ThanhniOn B6o qudc XtlbQ B5c ViQt (thuOc Xrftiy B6c ViQ|. Vddng-Hffu-Dfc t6n th{t ld D4ng-Dinh-Tich li ngrrdi con thrl batrong gia dinh md Edng-Einh-Nha (Ci NhA) la con c6, gdc dHii phbng B{cViQt. Vrldng-Hffu-Erlc d5 vio chidn ddu chdngPh6p 6 midn Nam. C[ng vi thich hgp tinh khi n6n dd cQngti4c mQt thidt vdi O5-van-N[ng vd moi D6ng vu trongThanhni€n 86o qudc. VUong-Htru-Dfc dd gan da di khdp c6c Tinhmi6n il6ng bing Bdc ViQt dd td chfc ci{c cuQc meeting, di6nthuydt, thu phuc nhAn tdm, cd v6 nhdn ddn tham gia c6ngcuQc cring cdlai Chinh quydn Qudc gia dd chdng CQng, nhdtli d cilc tinh Nam Dinh, H6i Phbng, Hdi Drlong, He Nam,HungY€n v.v...

Khi Nguy6n-T0n-Hodn giffchrlc vU B0 tnldng B0 Thanhni6n, Thd thao; Thanh ni6n Bio qudc phdt tridn rdt mqnh mE6 BScViQt, thdi gian nhy Xrlb0 NamViQt da glitdng crrdngcho Xrl bO Bdc ViQt mot dodn C6n bO do TrAn-VEn-XudnThfi lenh Thanh ni€n Bio qudc Trung udng hr.fdng ddn. DohnCrln b0 g6m c6 cdc d6ng vi6n: L6-XuyOn L6-Binh-Thng

Dfl -vr E-T ortdc-oAu -sAn c * 227

(Giang), Hodi-Son Ung-Ngoc-Nghia, Hing- Nguy6nNguy6n-Ngoc-Huy, Pham-Thdi Nguy6n-Nggc-Thn, Thanh-Tai Nguy6n-Vdn-Tai, Nguy6n-H6ng-Thu v.v...

Dodn C6n b0 cria Xrlb0 midn Nam r6ng cfdng cho Xfb0 mi6n Bdc c6 hai nhiQm vu:

- Girip ph6t tridn, md r6ng Thanh niOn 86o qudc tr6nrodn l6nh thd B5c viQt.

- Girip Xf b0 mi6n BXc cring cdtai nQi bQ, thdr chflr tinhtldng chf gifla BXc Nam, phd bidn, quing b6 th6m v6 Ctlinghia Ddn tQc Sinh t6n v) Chinh cddng Di6u lQ, Ddng quy.

Vi v{y ngodi doin Cdn b0 n6u tr6n, c6c d6ng vi6n gdcli ngrrdi midn BXc ciing drroc biQt phdi trd v6 nhrl: D[ng-Dinh-Nha (ce Nhe) duoc biet phrii v6 ad td chfc vi ph6ttridn Thanh ni6n Bdo qudc vi cfing cdlai co cdu cfia Odngtai vr)ng Hii Phdng, Hii Dtlong vd ci{c Tinh l6n c6n. TrAn-ViQt-Son trlc TrAn-Nggc-LQp biQt hiQu Thr{i mi (c6 L6m) cfl ngtdng ctldng tld phU tri{ch vd c6ng r6c bdo chi.

Cr{c ding vi6n cao cdp cria Xf bO midn Nam nhuK! srrPhan-ThOng-Thio (Xrl tnrdng Nam ViOt thay cho MddiHtrdng), L€-Vdn-HiQp (Gia HiQp) v.v...cfrng thudng xuy6n ravho gifra Sii Gdn vi Hi NOi dd 1o Ding vu.

Lric bdy gid, Doin C6n bQ midn Nam hdu hdt rt6u crrngu tai nhd thrrOng D{ng-V0-Lac,92 Gambetta-Hi NQi, vit+i tn] sd cria Phong trio Qudc gia Binh d6n rttldng ReinachHa NQi. Try sd cria Thanh ni6n 86o qudc Xrlb0 midn Bdcdat tai sd +8 Hang Ngang, He NOi (Nhi cria Trinh-v[n-B6cao 5 tdng). Td b6o Thanh ni6n cria Phong Trlo eudc GiaBinh DAn drroc chdn chinh lai, Vuong-Hfru-Drlc thay thd

228 * xrryorllc mmn:rpi ouoccn cn6c qcnlc

D4ng-Vdn-Sung lim chri nhiOm vd TrAn-ViQt-Sdn ldm chfibrit.

T4i Bdc ViQt Thanh ni6n 86o qudc dd ldn m^9nh khSpnoi, nhidu ndi c6 cdc cdcdu td chfc ddn tQn Th0n, Ap xa x6i,cric Phdphtldng...thu hft dudc hdng ngfi Thanh ni6n tri thrfc,c6 nhiQt huy €t, gey clrro. c tin tudng trong quing clai qudn chringvd Chinh ngtria Qudc gia chdng CQng'

T4i NamViQtThanhni6n 86o qudc cflng ph6ttridn manlm6.... Ddc biQt li trong thdi gian ndy D6ng dd quy tg vi t6chrlc ihldc lrrc lugng v6 trang trdn cl6ng t4i An-Thdnh (ddidiQn tda Hinh-Ch6nhVinh-Long), Ba Rdi (Cai LQy' M! Tho)vd ci lao Ngfl-HiQp. C6c cdn crl qudn-sr/ ndy dtlgc xem ldchidn-khu cria Xrl-BO Midn Nam trong thdi dy. T4i tl6, c6ch,rc ltrgng vO trang clttoc chia thhnhTrung-dQi, m6i trung-rlQiddu c6 crin bO chuy6n lo vd phuong diQn chinh trf vi trdn gifrtar c6c noi hidm ydu trong ving dd sdng chung, ldm vi6cchung vd cing chidn-ddu vdi nh6n ddn. C6 nhidu cdn b0Trung-rrdng dugc ph6i vd Od lo viQc hudn luyQn thrrdng xuy€1ud quan srr vi chinh tri. C6c c6n bQ Trung-trdng cao cd'p

cung thrrdng gh6 tai dd td chrlc di6n thuydt, hOi th6o vd chinhtri.

Muc-dich cia Eing li t4o lQp n6n nhfing ving kidu-m5u trong d6 nhdn ddn vi c6c hlc lrrqng v6 trang ddu theodudi va phuc vu cho dddng ldi chri tnrdng cfia Ding. MQtPhr4i <todn cria Xrf bO mi6n BXc vdo Nam <15 c6 gh6 14i thamhai cln crlndy @no-Nh0t-Tidn c6 tham dr/cuQc vidngthlmnny). Vd sau mQt sd Si quan L4c TriQu thrQc gfii vio tld tdngcddng viQc hudn luyQn qudn srr cho Cdn b0 vd nhdn ddntronglai c5n crl dy. C6ng viQc hudn luyQn dd datkdt qui rdttdt, t6ng th6m srlc chidn cldu cho hJc hrdng v6 trang vi gdy<lJqc nhidu tin ttldng trong nhdn ddn. Vd tinh thAn doin kdt

DAr-u E-T ordc-oAH -oAH c * 229

vd khi n[ng chidn ddu thi cfing cao nhrl cdc lttc hlong cfiaHba H6o, Binh Xuy6n, nhurg lai tr6i h8n li lfp tnrdng chinhtri, nhfln thri'c v6 thdi cuQc...

Chidn khu An-Thdnh hoat tlQng til n6m 1949 . Chidnkhu Ba-Rdi ho4t dQng tr} n5m 1950-1952 do c6c lgc lrrgngthudc chidn khu An-Thinh t{p hqp 14i.

Ddn khi De Lattre de Tassigny dt/gc bd nhiQm ldm Caoriy ki€mffng ttllQnh Qudn dQi ki6m Cao Iiy Phrip tai DOngDrldng (8-12-1950), c6 nhdn cfia De Lattre vdn c6 nhidu 6ccdm vdi ci{c chinh tl6ng ViQt Nam, n6n tim rhi mqi l;i do,duy€n cd dd tao kh6 khin cho Dai ViQt Qudc DAn D6ng.Nhdn vu mQt Thanh niOn trong ngr/di c6 mang gidy chftrgminh cfia Thanh ni6n 86o qudc n6m lqlu dan 6m sdt TddngChanson CQng hda Iiy vi6n Ph6p tai NamVi6t, trong hic ctikinhli 6 Sa D6c ngdy 31-7-1951, TtIdng De Laffre rld 6p l{cbuQc Chfnh quydn Trdn-Vhn-Hfru phii hj lQnh gi6i t6n Thanhni6n Bio qudc ngiy 6-8-51. Trong lfc ndy tldng chi Trdn-\En-Xudn dang d B6c ViQt rti kh8ng kh6i phdn Odi nen Oa biNguy6n-'#n-T[m, drrong kim Tdng TrudngAn ninh bdt giamvho khi4m dudng H6a Ld Ha NQi, mdi <ldn }ndrnsau (51-53)m6i drrOc tr6 tudo. Trong thdi gianTrAn-\En-Xu0n viVrlOng-Htru-Drfc bigiam gitr, Xrlb0 midn Nam cl6 nhd xtlb0 Mi6nBdc 1o vi6c thlm nu6i, s6n s6c hing tudn vd Ba Ca Td dedim tr6ch c6ng t6c nhy.

D. PHONG.TRAO OUdC.OIN giNH.OA['ISong song vdi stl ph6t tridn cria Thanh ni6n Bdo qudc

trOn toin qudc, Xf b0 midn BXc Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding l4ithinh lQp n6n mQt td chrlc Ngoai vi ntta li Phong trio Qudcgia Binh d6n dAu nim 1950, nh0n khi Nguy6n-Htru-Trf rt6mnhdn chfc vu Thri hidn B{cViQt, D[ng-Vdn-Sung mudn drta

230 * xrry-ouuc urAunrpi ouoccn cn6lc qcc

Ding ddn viQc hoat dQng manh trong m6i tnrdng r6ng ldnhdn, D5ng-Vhn-Sung vd Bni-Di6m <15 gtli ddn Cuu HodngB6o-Dai (duong kim Thri ttldng Chinh phri) mQt vIn thun6il6n nhfrng y6u cAu cAn thidt cfia cuQc chidn ddu hiQn tai. BioDai dd ddng tinh vdi hai chidn si trd nhiQt tinh nhy. Dang-Vdn-Sung dd cing vdi XrlbO mi6n Bdc thinh l{p n6n Phongtrdo Qudc gia Binh dAn. BiQt thg d dtrdng Reinach Ha NQi latU gia cria Phan-Huy-Qu6t duong kim B0 tnldng Qudc giaGi6o dgc trong n6i cdc B6o-Dai drloc nhrtdng lai dd ldmTrysd cia Phong trdo. Biio Thanh Ni6n do D{ng-Vbn-Sung limchri nhiQm ld cd quan ng6n lufn cria phong trdo Qudc giaBinh ddn. Ban bi6n tQp cfia bi{o Thanh ni6n dd quy tg dt/dcnhi6u cdy brit xua't sdc vd tr6 cfla Bdc Hd nhtl LuQt srr L6-Th6ng, Bdc si Phan-Huy-Qu6t, Tidn si D4ng-Trinh-Ky,Nguy6n-Dddng-D6n, Phan-Trong-Nhdn, Trdn-D6-Cung,Nguy6n-Tdt IJng, Nguy6n-Dinh-Tri v.v..

C[ng chinh d tai ng6i biQt th{ drrdng Reinach Ha NQindy, Ddng-Vbn-Sung de tidp xric vi thinh lQp n6n Td XungKich mao hidm dOt nhAp vdo li€n khu IV (Thanh H6a) criaViQt COng ndm 1950.

Sau budi 16 ra mdt rdt trgng thd vi d6ng d6o t4i sd SS

itddng Gia-Long He NOi, Phong trio Qudc gia Binh ddn ddhoat dOng rdt manh mE tr€n todn ldnh thd BdcViQt, thu nhi6uciic dohn thd chinh tri vh t6n gi6o.... Muc dich chinh ydu criaPhong trio v6n li dodn kdt chat ch6 dd xdy dr/ng mQt Chinhquydn Qudc gia Ddn tQc vf,ng manh vi chdng CQng triet dd.

TaicdcTinh mi6n Duy€n hliB{'cvi.t la ndi mh Phongtrdo qudc gia Binh d0n ph6t tridn manh mE vh c6 quy crinhdt.

Dfl-uE-T orfc-oAu-oAuc * 231

Khi De Lattre de Thssigny timcd <ld 6p hlc gi6i t6nThanhni€n 86o qudc, nhung Phong trdo Qudc gia Binh ddn c6 tinhc6ch toin diQn c6 h{u thudn cfia nhidu doin thd chinh tri vinhi6u t6n gi6o n€n De Lattre khOng hd ttQng cham ttdn. Ddnlfic De Latre trd vd Phrip vd tUtrdn (11-01-1952) thi thdcuQclai sdp bidn ddi qua mQt btldc kh6c n6n nhu cAu cfia sr/ doinkdt lai thdm c6'p thi€t. Do d6 Phong trio Qudc gia Binh d0nv5n ghi trong t6m khim cha c6c chinh khdch vd nhdn dAnBfc Hi mQt tinh thAn doin kdt rQng ldn, mQt phrrong thrlchoat dQng thrlc tdvd hiQu nghiQm.

E. HQr NGH!ToAN ou6c (t2-lo-les3)Ngdy 03 th6ng 7 n[m 1953, chinh phri Ph6p (NQi c6c

Laniel) dua ra mQt tuy6n ng6n c6 nQi dung lh: Nudc Ph6pmudn trao tri lai cho Vi6t Nam hdt thiy nhfrng quydn han,nhirng l6nh vdc mi ntldc Ph6p cdn ndm gitr, trlc li trao trihodn todn <lQc lQp cho ViQt Nam vi ViQt Nam trl chgn luaphrrong thrfc, drtdng ldi vd mdi giao hio Phdp-Vier. Tnrdcvdn d6 trong dai niy, Qudc Tnl6ng B6o D4i da quydt itinhtriQu tQp Qudc DAn Dai HQi dd thdu thQp f kidn cta toinddn. Thlnh phdn tlai bidu drroc mdi tham dr1g6m c6: HQivi6n hdng x6, H6i vi6n hdng tinh, Doin thd chinh tri, CaoDii, COng gii{o, Hda H6o, Binh Xuy6n, NghiQp doin, C6ngnhAn, Thuong mai, Ph{t giiio, Son cr.fdc, K! nghe, \En h6a,Bdo gidi, Ki6u bdo 6 Ph6p, Ldo, Mi6n. Ddng-\6n-Sung dEtich crlc g5p srlc trong c6ng viQc hinh thhnh n€n Dai HQiTodn Qudc niy. Tai Nam Vi6t, Xrl Nam Kj, thuQc tlia ildnthdi didm 1953, hdu nhrrtinh trang srlqudn dang tdn t4i. Tiryrhng cing chung m6t muc ttich li chdng CQng s6n. NhrlrgBinh Xuy6n, Hba H6o, Cao Dei... fn6i tflp hop rl6u c6 qudndQi, khu vdc vi ddn sd ri6ng; mQt gudng m6y hinh ch6nhciing manh nha trong c6c khu vgc dy. TnJdc thrlc trang d6,viQc quy trt l4i dd c6 mQt quydt clinh chung thi that h kh6

232 * x,rv-oqc rnmm-rni Quoccl^ Gr6'rc qct'rc

khdn. D4ng-Van-Sung vh Cg Trdn-Trong-Kim dd lao minhvio trfn tuydn ndy. Ngiy 12th6ng 10 n[m 1953 tai Tda ThfChinh Siigdn, HQi-nghi Todn Qudc di dtrgc triQu tQp baogdm 211 dai bidu. Ifti bAu Chri tich dodn, Cg Trdn-Trgng-Kim drloc 153 phidu. D[ng-V[n-Sung 136 phidu. Ngoii sr/hiQn diQn crta cdcluc lrrong chri ydu tai xrlNam Ky thuQc dianhrr: Hda H6o, Cao Dii,. Binh Xuy€n... C6c nhdn vAt hfiudanh cfia ciic chinh cl6ng ldn nhd: TrAn-Vdn-Tuy6n, Phan-Khoan, D6-Dinh-Dao, L6-Dinh-Duy6n... ddu ld nhflng thinhvi6n chinh thrlc cfia Dai HQi Todn Qudc. Sau mQt tudn 15 ldmvi6c, Dai HQi da bd mac vdo nghy 17 thdng 10 nlm 1953trong kh6ng khi rdt hdng hdi vd s6i ndi va dd dric kdt <lugcc6c quydt nghi:

1. Quydt nghi v6 vdn cld DQc lflp: ".... Viet Nam phii lhm6t nrrdc hoin todn dQc 16p, ngtria ld phii ddy dri chri quydnddi nQi vd ddi ngoai nhrr bA't ct1 mQt qudc gia dQc l{p niokh6c tr6n thdgidi theo qudc tdc6ng ph6p.Thti ti6u tdtcil cdchiQp udc kf kdt gif,a Phrlp vdi ViQt Nam tt xr.ra cldn nay vdcnd dO Holng Tridu Cuong Thd...".

2. Quydt nghi vd vdn dd li6n kdt: "... NtJdc ViQt NamdOc lQp kh6ng gia nhflp Li6n hiQp Phdp dtrdi hinh thrlc hiQntai. Sau khi thdu n6i ta't ci cdcchri quy6n mi nudc Ph6p cbngifr lai, sau khi thanh to6n xong ViQn Ph6t hdnh DOng Dddngffic Ngan hing D6ng Dudng c[, Ntrdc ViQt Nam sC kf vdiPh6p nhflng hiQp trdc 1i0n minh trOn lfp trddng binh d8ng ttytheo nhu cdu cfia ViQt Nam vd Ph6p trong nhfrng tnrdng hQpvd thdi han 16 ring. Hdt thiy mqi s6ng kidn, thuong th6o, ddnghi qudc td c6 1i6n quan vdi ViQt Nam ph6i do chinh phri

Qudc giaViQtNamdrrdi quydnldnh dao cta Drlc QudcTrudngtlinh clo4t. Titcir nhfrng hiQp rrdc n€u tr6n sE do Qudc hQiViQt Nam do phd th6ng ddu phidu bAu l€n duyQt y mdi dugcthi hdnh...".

ofl-uEr ordc-oAu.oilrc * zsg

3. Quydt dinh vd vdn dd cfi ngrrdi rli thrrong thuydt: .....

I{Qi nghi quydt dinh dd tiy Drlc Qudc Tnrdng lua chon trongsd Zt t ttai bidu dU HOi nghi ho{c ci trong sd c6c nhfln vfitngoii HQi nghi TodLn Qudc, nhfrng rtai bidu tham dr,r ph6iclodn di thrrong thuydt vdi Ph6p...".

234 * x.w-ounc rnAun:rpi ouoccn cndlc q&c

II. DAT NUdC CHIA DOI,;- ^ c r -XU BO MIEN BAC VAO NAM

Th6ng 7 nim 1953, chidn tranh Cao Ly (Tridu Ti0n) kdtthric, c6c crrdng qudc vi Anh Nga dd th6a thu{n vdi nhau sE

drta v6'n dd OOng drrong ra tnldc mOt HOi nghiqudc td. Vaongiy Thtl hai25-04-1954 , HOi nghi Qudc tddrrgc triQu tQp

dudi srJ d6ng chti toa cfia Anh, Nga tai Gendve (ThUy-Si) vd

vdn dd D6ng duong tltlgc ghi vdo nghitrinh'

Sring ngiy O7-05-1954' Thidu trrdng De Castries tuy6nbd OAu hang tai DiQn Bi6n Phri drra ddn ddn viQc kdt thricchidn tranhDOng dddng.

Brin d6o D-g.ng drrong bikqp chflt gif,a hai lgc dia ldn liTrung Hoa vd An DO, do cl6 c6 16 v6n khi cfing ph6i tDythuOc vio hai t<trdi dan d6ng ddt rQng ndy.

Ndu ndm 1949, Mao-Trach-D6ng kh6ng chidm dugcTrung Hoa luc dia thi ch6c ch6n li d4o qudn sring luc, m5 tducria VO-Van-Gi6p, Hd-Chi-Minh d5 tan rd tU ddu thQp ni€n50 r6i vd gi6 nhu khOng c6 mQt Srr doin Ph6o binh cria TrJdngTrAn-Canh (Trung CQng) thi lim gi 1o4i dtrgc lrrc lrrgng ph6obinh cfla DiQn-Bi6n-Phfi ra ngoii vdng chidn dd drra quintidn sdt vdo vdng dai...

Vd paiVietQudc DAnDing, dAu ndm 1953, nhfrng ding

Dfl-vET oudc-oAn-oAuc * zss

vi6n drtoc t[ng phr{i cho Xrlt0 midn Bdc da lAn ludr trd vdNam.

Cudi nam 1953, Nguy6n-T6n-Hoin cflng nhtt Truong-Tr?-An (bno dQ cria Ding Truldng Tnfdng-Trl-Anh) tham drtvi€c thdnh 16p n6n Phong trdo Doin I(dt Hda Binh tai SiiGdn c6 muc dich tranh thri hda binh cho ViQt Nam, k6u goiQudc tnldng B6o-Dai phii ddn chri h6a chd tlQ, thdnh lQpmQt Chinh phri dodn kdt qudc gia chdng COng Sin drroc htruhi€u hon. Phong trdo doin kdt hba binh ldn manh ngay taiThri dO Sdi Gdn, hdu hdt c6c chinh cl6ng, t6n giSo vi chinhkh6ch hfru danh ildu da tham gia.

Til phong trdo ndy, Ng6-Dinh Nhu thudng 1i6n lac mQtthidt vdi Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ddng. Trudc khi sang M!, Ng6-Dinh-DiQm cing vdi Ng6-Dinh-Nhu dd nhidu ldn dim dao,bdn dinh vdi Nguy6n-T6n-Hodn v6 kd hoach thAu hdi ndndQc 14p vi thgc hiQn viQc ddn chri h6a, ng6 hAu t4o n€n mQtChinh quydn vfrng manh dd triQt ti€u CQng Sin.

HQi nghi Gendve nh6m hop vd ngdy 20-07 -I954,thi tldtntldc bi chia cl6i, Xf b0 midn BXc cing <ldng bio di ctl vhoNam, mQt sd Ding vi€n phdi 1i6u thdn sdng l4i vdi CQngqudn. Vho ddn midn Nam, phdn d6ng c6c d6ng vi€n k! cguphii bQn rQn vdi cuOc sdng, Nguy6n-Qudc-Xring filc D6-LongthuQc ldp tr6 trong hdng ngfl Sinh vi6n TnIdng LUc Qu0nYCnB6i hic bd'y gid hgp t6c char che vdi Xrlb0 midn Nam dd 1omoi Ding vu.

Phong rrdo Dohn kdt UOa binh itd md drrdng dua ldi choNg6-Dinh-DiQm vd nudc ndm gitrChinhquydn, nhtltrg ch8ngoao ldu sau khi d5 ctng cdxong quydn lgc, Ng6-Dinh-DiQmdd vQi quay mdt ddi nghich vdit{tci cdcdoin thd, r6n gi6ovd chinh kh6ch mi trddc kia cl6 tilng ring hQ girip dd 6ng ta.

236 * xAy-Dr,NG TflANA.{pi OgOCCLI Cn6C Co{G

Ng6-Dinh-DiQm b6t dAu phAn 16 Gi6o ph6i Cao Ddi, rdigAy h6'n, chdn 6p Binh Xuydn mdu tao cd dd drra quin ti6udiQt.

Chinh Ng0-Dinh-Nhu di tnlc tidp n6i thfrng vdi Nguy6n-TOn-Hohn rhng: "M! drra 6ng DiQm vd nrrdc nhrr mQt Lli-Thila-Vdng 6 mi6n Nam ViQt Nam, kh6ng c6 vA'n A6 aanchfi, doin kdt gi c6..." Ng6-Dinh-Nhu phfi nhQn hdt tdt cinhfrng didu mi tnldc kia anh em Nhu-DiQm dd tirng cam kdtvdi Nguy6n-T6n-Hodn.

Vdi ti6n O6 fd qudc, anh em Nhu-DiQm dE ph6 vo khdiDai Dohn Kdt cfia tohn ddn, Ng6-Dinh-Nhu dd qu5 tin tddng,vi xem nhu cdng viQc chdng CQng S6n 6 Vi6t Nam li viQctdt ydu ph6i lim cria ngddi My....Ddi vdi hdng ngfl chinhkh6ch, c6c chinh d6ng, thi anh em Nhu-DiQm dI gidnh dQcquy6n y6u nrldc...tU suy t6n ld vi crfu tinh Ddn tQc.

oaruil oudc-oAr-sire * 237

#

.l:

Try sd cfia Thanh Ni6n 86o Qudc 6 Hdi Phbng

+Hogt dQng cfia Thanh Ni6n 86o Qudc tgi nhd H6t Ldn, Hd nQi 1951

(1951)

238* xAv-oUHc mrAun-rpi ou6ccn cn6xc cO. uc

LW',"#F

&PI

tr'" ,Fu-MQt sd cdn bQ cria Xrl Oy Mi6n Nam tlng cudng cho Midn Bdc (1950),

Til trdi sang phii: Thanh-Tgi, Hodi Sctn, MAn vi Trdn-Vin-Xudn

f*

%.;;,.I$inl l:.:

* .^." '

&\w*Hogt tlQng c0a Ttranh Ni6n 86o Qudc tgi Khu Lb Lo. n, Hd nQi 1951

DAr-uET oudc-oAr-sAnc * 239

trl

,I

#,

.$,iiil!;ii i:rillmftHoat dQng ctia Thanh Ni6n 86o eudc tai Midn B6c (1980)

r,t%

I4ry"

rt.\c

*S*-Jl*!##* '

Thanh Ni6n 86o Qudc H6i phbng (1981)

240*- xAy-ouuc nrAun-rpi ou6c4a!@I9_cArc

{* ffi

Ho+t dQng cua Phong TrAo Qudc Gia Binh D6n tai Hd nQi nEm 1950

of r-urET oudc-oAt-oAnc * 241

D6-ven-NengThfi l6nhThanh Ni6n86o Qudc

'r*tfiEtlfhic

Tang gia cfia D5-Vln-Ntng

242* xAy-pu. uc rriururpi ou6ccn cn6Nc cOlrc

Tir tr6i sang ph6i: TrAn-ViQt-Son, Trdn-Ven-Xu6n,Nguy6n-Ngoc-Huy, Ung-Nggc-Nghia, Phqm-Ven-Mudi..' (Bdc ViQt 1949)

Ddng-VAn-Sung (S), Bni-Di5m (D), Nguy6n-TOn-Hodn (H),Phan-Huy-Qudt (Q) 1950

DAr-uEj ordc-oAu.sfue * 213

o?%o?r8 6-tt q

cfloNG CQNC-EAN,DQC-TAI, GIA-DiNfl-l3I

214 * cnfuc cqcofu , ogc$t, cltoiutt-tPl

Dfl -vr E_T orfc-oAu-oAru c * 24s

cHONe cONG-sArvVA DOC-TAI OIN D|NH.TRI

Trong khi cuQc di cd cfia d6ng bio midn Bdc chrla kdtthric, 6ng Ng6-Dinh-DiQm dd sf/dung QuAn dQi dd tdn c6ngti6u diQt Binh Xuy6n vh tidp ruc sfidung eu6n dQi eudc giaVi6t Nam vio nhfrng cuQc hinh quAn nhhm muc dich loai trUcdc Gi6o ph:li d midn Nam.

Trudc thrtc trang dy, cf,c h1c lrfgng v6 trang cria CQngSin kh6ng chiu t{p tdt trdt vd mi6n BXc md tlm crlch dntr6nh dd cii lai mai phuc d midn Nam.

Vtng Nam vl tuydn 17 (Quing Trl), CQng Sdn nit vdorilng l{p nhidu cf,n crl dd dn trilnh...Doc theo r[ng nrii mi6nTrung c6 nhidu sdo huy€t cfia C6ng Sin luu l4i.

Vdi hai muc dich:1. TQn diQt cric hJc luQng CQng s6n cdn mai phuc lai tr6n

16nh thd Midn Nam Trrdo.2.T4o 6p lgc ng6 hAu ngln chdn viQc Ng6-Dinh-DiQm

thidt lap chdd0 d6c tii, gia dinh tri.

Dai Vi6t Qudc Ddn D6ng da thanh lQp c6c chidn khu vic6c luc lugng v6 trang tr6n c6c dia phtlong 6 Midn Nam TqfDo.

Ir t_f l_rr r r,L r lrtrrr!

246 * or6uc cQncoiu, DQCTI I, Gll-Diun:ret

r. cHlEn rHU BA LONG (Qu6ng Tri)

Trtldc y O6 ttridt l4p mQt chdd0 phdn ddn chfi, gia dinhtn cfia Ng6-Dinh-Diem vi nhXm muc dich phii tan c6c 6mmtru cd tt,i .,iu CQng Sin d Nam vi tuydn 17; Drldc srr chdpthuQn cria Trung ddng Ddng bQ vd s{ ydm rd fich crrc cria Xfb0 midn Nam, Xf BO Midn Trung dd h4 16nh cho c6c hlclugng v6 trang do ci{c D6ng viOn Dai ViQt chi huy rut 16 nrngnrii Ba Ldng thuQc mi6n Tdy Bdc Tinh Qu6ng Tri dd thinhlQp Chidn khu Ba Ldng.

A. VrEC IHANH tAp culEn xHuDAu thring 2-lg55,Tinh tnrdng Quing Tri TrAn-Didn dd

ki s{ vu lenh cfl Dai fy Nguy6n-Ngqc-Ct1ldm Tidu Dointrddng ki6m Qufln tnldng 1o viQc tidp thu Qufln Ba Ldng, Xt1p6ng UO TrungViQt da kdt hgp hJc ldgng cfia Nguy6n-Ngoc-Crl cung vdi Tidu cloin khinh qudn 610 cria Thidu t6 Pham-Vhn-BOn vd h/c hrQng D4c biQt mfl d6 cria DQ [I qudn khu doD4i riy Ph4m-V[n-D6ng chi huy, Tidu doin cta Thidu t6Hoing-Wn-Hi6n dd cing nhau k6o vd Quan Ba Ldng Qu6ngTq

Drrgc tin ndy, Chinh quydn Ng6-Dinh-DiQm ra l€nh chomQt Trung doin do Trung t6 Phan-Vln-C6ch chi huy ngdnchQn kh6ng cho c6c luc lrrgng kd tr6n k6o qu6n vd qu4n BaLdng. Nhrrng kh6ng thd ndo ngdn chfn drrgc.

C6c lgc luQng vd trQi dri tai QuQn Ba Ldng hdn ph6nphdi, chidm d5ng vi cfing cd nhi6u cln cri'chidn <ldu vd ddy

oAr-vrEr orfc-oAu-oAHc * 247

lui, ti€u diQt hdt nhfrng luc ltrong vO trang cfia C6ng S6n cbngdi lai d trong ving.

Chidn khu Ba Ldng 6 Tinh Qu6ng Trl d6 duoc thhnhl0p.

Xf b0 Nam ViQt da gfri m6t ci{n bQ qudn srr r6n li Thanhtf'c Tddng Trdn-Binh ra giff chri'c vu TtI l€nh Qu0n sr/ criaChidn khu(r). Hi-Thric-Ky ngdy d6m sdng chung vdi anh emchien sr, ddng vi€n dd truc tidp didu dQng c6ng t6c. Nhhmmuc dich khdng chdqudc 16I, drldng tidp viQn tUphia Namra, 86 TulQnh Chidn khu Ba Ldng ild rhdnh l6p cr{c tidn d6nBdn Hi6n, Dai M! (Quing Nam) doTrung riy Nguy6n-Ldmchi huy, Khe Muong, Dr.tclng Hda, Nam D6ng do D4i riyNguy6n-C6ng-NghQ chi huy, tidn d6n Hii D4o do Trung riyBni Thidr chi huy. Ding vi€n T6n-Ttrdt-fd <td l4n lQi th6nhhnh vAn chuydn v6t dung tU Hudra Od t6p r6p mQt Dhi ph6trhanh tai Chidn khu. Mot dai cl6i binh sI d5 lo viQc dgng try6ng-ten cfia Ddi phrlt thanh bing nhfrng cay mdy, cdy nfakdt chlt lai.

B. HOAT DqNG CUA CHTEN KHUDdi phrit thanh tUChidn khu Ba Ldng tt6 ho4t <tQng li€n

(1). Chtnh Trdn Binh di y€u cdu Xu 86 Midn Nam tdng curong th6mhai dAng vi6n Hung-Nguy6n (N.N.H.) vd Hoai Son (U.N.N) dd lo viQcchlnh tri cfra chi6n-khu. Nht ng vlthidu phudng ti6n n6n hai dAng vi6nndy kh6ng thd ddn nhAn nhi6m vq d chidn khu; Mdc ddu Xri eg lUidnNam d6 md ti6c ti6n dua.

^ Trong ti6c ti6n, Thi si Dlng Phudng Nguy6n Nggc Huy di rlngkhdu n6n bai thd. Gi6 Bqn L6n Drtdng

C0ng nhau cqn ch6n sE l6n dudng,Chia gdnh tang bdng quAy bdn phudng.Non ntJdc ngan trtng, nguroi m6i ngi,Mu6n long chung m6t moi to vudng.

248 * qrfuc cqlcoill, oqc$t clt-oinrul

tuc n6i l6n lfp trddng chdng d6c thi, chuy6n chd, gia dinh tri,phong kidn, cd hfr, lac hdu vd tQp ilodn CQng Sdn cria DaiViQt Qudc DAn Ding. Drldng ldi cria D6ng d5 drJdc nhAnd6n hr/dng fng. Ddn vi c6c Gi6o si quanh vtng thAn hinhddn t4n C[idn tr,u ad mrictr lQ vd tidp tdcho chidn si. d rnridO Sai Gdn, d6n chring ring hQ, girip dd Chidn khu qua trunggian cria c6c Ding b0 dia phrldng, bni vd vi tin trlc til SdiGdn vd kh6p noi ddn dQp chuydn ddn cho itdi ph6t thanhChidn khu Ba Ldng.

Khi chidn khu Ba Ldng bf tdn c6ng d6n dQp, MichelBinh d5 thidt l{p tai Siigbn mQt ddi phdt thanh c6 muc dich

Khoi l0a rdi dAY bdc ngr,rt troi,Gi6 t6n mua dqn ddy d6i noi.Cu6c doi tranh ddu ddY v6 dinh,Tai hqi mai dAY Ougc mdY ngtldi?

Nhrlng d5 gdn nhau, 5t c6 xa,Thudng nhAn van nhan thd kia md!Huong chi ta, nhIng ngudi tranh ddu,Thd ldy non s6ng thd cfta nhd.

VA lai dAu xa, mdY n0i s6ng,Ddu con t6i h6i n0a haY kh6ng.Hdn ta v6n 6 b6n nhau mdi,VAn sdng trong tim nh0ng bqn ldng.

Nhu thd ta cdn ban biu chi,Cdn lo chi nfra lrlc ra di?Ctldi 16n cho tidng vui hing h6i,Ddnh bat u budn l0c biQt lY.

Ta hdy cudi l6n don anh dudng,Ngdy mais6 ch6i rqng qu6 htJdlg.Ldng ta da thoeng nghe vdng vdng,TiSng khAi hodn ca daY Phd PhUdng..

Ding PhUdng NguY6n Ngqc HuYDip ney Thi sf Hodi'Son ung-Nnr"-*nria cfing c6 Ong khdu mQt bei thd

vd dd tdi tr|n nhung hdi kdm sit hdn.

oAr-vE-T otfc-oAn -oAu c * 219

tidp vdn dli Ba Ldng vi dAn ddn vd sau thay thdcho dii ph6tthanh Ba Ldng, drrgc hidu la dai ph6t thanh Dai ViQt.

TQp doin DiQm-Nhu cho mi{y bay l€n quan si{t Chidnkhu thi bi bdn rdi, Dai tr{ Nguy6n-Quang-Hoinh hic d6la TulQnh QuAn khu II kh6ng chiu ra lQnh hhnh qu0n tidn chidmChidn khu Ba Ldng n6n dd bi cdch chrlc, thay thdbXng Trungti{ L€-vln-Nghiem. Eai t6 Hoinh dd tuy€n bdring:

"Qudn dQi Qudc gia chi hdnh qudn tiAu diQt CQng Sdn,cdn dd ddnh ngudi Qudc gia thi kh6ng ddnh".

Vd sau, t0p dodn Nhu-Di6m m6i huy dQng drro. c lgc ltro. ngtil Quing Binh nit vdo phdi hop cing c6c hrc lugng 6 Hud grlira ba mdt tdn c6ng vdo Chidn khu Ba Ldng, Tidu doin 13 lilrrc lrrong xung kfch tidn phong rnrc diQn tt6nh vdo Chidnkhu, Tidu dodn trd6ng li D4i riy Em vi hai Si quan kh6c 116bi bdn trong thrldng...

Midn rung nrii mdt T0y cfia Tinh Quring Tri hic {y cdccdn cf cria C6ng Sin cdn mai phuc lai qud nhidu, do d6 h/clrtong c[ra chidn khu ph6i urrg ph6 d6ng thdi vdi hai ddi phrrong,n6n Trldng Trdn Binh dA phdi clich th6n md cuQc hnnh qu6nvd hudng Tey dd loai tru COng Sin, trong cuQc hinh qu6nndy Ttldng Trdn Binh d6 bi mA't tich.

TnJdc tinh thd dy, BO TrI lQnh Chidn khu d6 ph6i h/clrrgng hQ tdng Hd-Thric-Kf vrldr rdng nrii Tnrdng SOn trd v6Thfi d0 Sii Gdn dd fen lac trdc tidp vdi Trung udng Ding bQ.

Trong thdi gian ndy, lgc h/gng quin sd cfia ViQt NamQudc DAn Ddng ctng ly khai lQp n6n Chidn khu Nam NgEi6 ving nlng nrii hidm tr6 Tinh Quing Nam, Quing NgAi. TaiPhriYOn, luc luong v6 trang cfia E4i ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding 116

250 * crfuc cqcoill, ogc:ttrt, ctrtoilm-ro1

thdnh lQp Chidn khu Nguy6n-HuQ chidm giffving Thy QuQnTuy Hda dd chdng lai Tflp doin Nhu-Diem.

d mi6n TAy Nam Vi€t, chidn si ly khai Hda H6o phdihop v6i ldc lddng v6 trang D4i ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding ho4tdQng m4nh mE 6 vDng Thdt son Chdu Ddc gi6p bi€n gidi ViQtMi6n, lrrc lrrong v6 trang Binh Xuy6n v6n cbn dang cdm crl.Ciic Trung dodn ly khai cria TUdng Ba Cqt (L6-Quang-Vinh)ho4t dQng manh mE 6 cdcTinh Long Xuy0n, CAn Tho, R4chGi6, Cha; Ddc, nhung Tap clodn Nhu-DiQm v6n ngoan cdding ti6n vien trd cfia M! dd mua chuQc, chia rC hhng ngflngudi qudc gia y6u nrrdc ch0n chinh. Tai Thti d0 Sai Gdn viham bi vinh hoa, phri qu! n6n dI c6 mQt sdngrrdi a tdng theoTQp doin Nhu-DiQm bhy vE nhidu trd chinh tri ldbich.

c. gAN AN CHIEN KHU BA IONGCr{c chidn sl cfia Chidn khu Ba Lbng v5n gan d4 chidn

ddu cho tdi khi ciic vf chi huy nhuHodng-\En-Hi6n, Nguy6n-Ngoc-Ctl, Nguy6n-Vdn-Lf ...bi b6t dAn thi lgc lrrgng vO trangmdi lui vio bi mOt.

Ddn ngdy 24,25-10-1957, Tda 6n qudn sr/ Hud cld duara x6t xfi vu Chidn khu Ba Ldng, Chrinh r{n ld L6-Khdc-Hy,COng tdvi6n ld NguY6n-Ngoc-Bich.

Ra tda, Trdn -Didn tl6 deo 86o Qudc Hudn Chrrong n€nToa phdi theo dring 16 nghi qu0n c6ch.

Cdc bi can ddu td chidn si hfru c6ng cfia Qudn dQi hoachdnh ch6nh.

Nhrrng sfc cdm hdn ctia Tfp doin Nhu-DiQm v6n cdnchdt chfa m6i cho ddn ngdy xfr 6n vd tl6 kh6ng cdn e ngaid6ng cho th{t nhidu i{n nlng:

Dfl-vrE-T orfc.oAu+fuc * 251

- Hd-Thric-Kf , Trdn-Binh, Pham-Vhn-B6n, pham-\trn-D6ng (ddu vSng mdt): Chung rhdn khd sai. (Hd-Thfc-Ky dAbi b6t nlm 1958 t4i Sdi Gdn)

- Nguy6n-\trn-Lf : 15 ndm khd sai.- Hoing-Vhn-Hi6n: 10 nim khd sai.- Nguy6n-Ngoc-Cr1: 10 ndm khd sai.- Nguy6n-Vhn-M6n: 5 ndm ti d.- Hoing-Xudn-Tr?u: 6 n[m ti d.

fitcl,nhflng ngrrdi bf truy td<ldu c6 ilnphat ri, tdi Uriduld 2 nlm ti 6. Tda dn dd truy td ciic can pham vd t6i danh:Xim phamAn ninh Qudc n6i.

2s2 * ordlc cecom, ogc:tAt, clt-oiutt:tpl

^aII. CHIEN KHU NGUYEN HUE(Ph0 YCn)

EAu ndm 1955, sau khi da cting cd drrqc dia vi, Ng6-Dinh-DiQm vd Ng6-Dinh-Nhu b6t dAu t6 16 th6i tlQ mudnx6y dr/ng mOt chd dO gia dinh tri, cl6c tdi, chuy6n chd.

A. VrEC IHANH LAP CHISN KHUTai Phri y0n, nhfrng h/c luQng ti€n phong trong cOng cuQc

ti6u tnr COng sin vi xiy dgng chfi quydn qudc gia tU nhanthdy ld, dd ddn hic gia dinh Ng6-Dinh-DiQm mudn thi hinhchfi tnrong "Trdnh gian nguy, tranh cOng dAu" cfia tQp ttoinCOng sin vi Hd-Chi-Minh ngiy tnrdc.

Tinh Ding b6 Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ddng Phri YCn vd Chib0 D6ng tnldng drroc stl chdp thufn cfia Tr[ong-Tf/-An (tr1c

L6-Thi6n-Binh, Chi huy tnldng Binh doin DQc lQp) dua ramOt kd hoach hinh qu6n dd tnann Qp chidn khu Nguy6n-HuQ chdnglai TQp dodn Nhu-DiQm-Cdn. NIm 1954, khi vdxdy dr/ng 14i chri quydn Qudc gia 6 PhriYOn, Binh dodn DQc

fap ffrung NamTidn; g6m 7 Eai tlOi, c6 1 D4i tlQi do s{di6ukhidn cia cdc Sl quan thuQc Gi6o ph6i Cao Ddi d Phf YOn,

Dai dOi 1 DQc lQp trdn gifr t4i Thi xd Tiry Hda noi c5 Tinhiludng vi QuQn drrdng Tuy Hda, Dai dOi 7 DQc lQp ddn tni 6M! Thanh b6o vQ cdcXd, Hda Phong, Sdn Thanh, Hda M!,Hda Thinh, Hda Ddng, Hda Binh..

Tai MI Thanh cbn c6 Tnldng Qudn chinh Hda Phong

oAr -u E-T oudc. oAr-sAr c * 2s3

do Tn/dng-Tfi-An drlng ra thinh lap dd hud'n luyQn chinh rri,quAn srr cho toin thd cr{c vi6n chrlc Xd, Ap vh cdc lgc lrrongv6 trang trong todn QuQn Tuy Hda (Tuy Hda vi Hidu Xrfdng).

Kd hoach hinh qu6n xfr dung Binh doin DQc lfp vdTrudng Qudn chinh Hda Phong, khdi dAu h Dai dQi 1 DQclflp c6ng khai biy t6 lfp tnrdng chinh tr! rdi ctng c6c Dai dQikh6c d6ng qu0n 6 lAn cdn k6o l€n vDng nfi thu6c X6 HbaDinh (day nrii Dinh 0rg), bdc Tuy Hda. Phia NamTiry Hda(Hidu Xuong) thi Dai dQi 7 DOc l6p phdi hQp cing TnrdngQudn chinh md cu6c hinh qu6n rQng ldn kh6p ving HdaBinh, Hda Thn, HbaVinh, Hda Xu0n, Hda Phong, Hda D6ng,Hda M!, Hda Thinh, Sdn Thanh. Tdr ci vi6n chrlc Xd, Ap 6cdcXd, n6u tr6n cing vdi c6,cXd,Ap khr{c rrong toan QranTuy Hda d6ng loat ring hQ, huy dQng nhdn ddn bidu tinhhrrdng rlng dudng tdi ty ttral chdng lai TEp cloin gia rlinh tri,dQc thi, phong kidn... Sau ciic cu6c bidu tinh, Dai rtOi 7 DQclQp, Trudng Qudn chinh Hda Phong vi c6c cdp BQ cria Ddngnit vd c[n cf'Lac Chi, Vrlc Phun rrong ddy Ddo C6. Cdc cEncf niy drloc Trudng Qudn chinh Hda Phong vi Dai tlQi 7xdy drlng lai tilndm 1954.

B. HoAT DoNG ctjl CHrfN KHUPhin rlng cria Nhu-Di6m-Cdn lh ra lQnh cho Tinh trudng

Phri y6n (Luong-Duy-fiy) cDng vdi phe nh6m vd strtidp srlccria Linh muc Chdu (Cha Chdu) gdp nit hinh qu6n tidu trUdo Thidu ri{ Vinh (Vinh hdo) chi huy. Lric bdy gid ti viothring 5-1955.

BQ chi huy cria Thidu 16 Vinh rrdn l6n chidm rl6ng XdHda Binh, b5t gif todn b6 Ban GiSo srr cria Tnrdng Trunghoc Nguy6n-Hu€, di chuydn Trudng Trung Hgc Nguy6n-HuQvd fni xd Tuy Hda. Bin doanh ctia Thidu rri Vinh rl6ng ngay

254 * crrolic cOcoAlt, oQc:tAt, ct toiutt:tpl

trong Trudng dc cria Trtrdng Trung hoc Nguy6n-Hu€ d PhriThf Xa Hda Binh, Thidu t6 Vinh cdn huy dQng c6 IftOngqudn dd ydm trd vi r6i truydn ddn. MOt h6m c6 tidng sring ndi6, Oap, -Qt Si quan trong BQ Tham mrJu cfia Thidu t6 Vlnhvdc khdu Trung 1i6n d4t ngay tr6n bhn vidt xoay ndng ra cilasd hudng ud ptiu x6m ling, Thidu t6 VInh thdy vQy ldy edyhEo qudt ngay cho vi Sl quan dy mdy gQy vho m6ng n€nth6n, nh6n dAn Phri YCn chrlng thrlc duqc h6n danh "VTnh

hAo'i lit tt ddy. Lr/c ludng cria Thidu t6 Vinh dd ddm tidnqudn dudi sr,r ydm trg ctia Kh6ng qudn vi Phi{o binh, tidn ddniay xa Hda Binh vd Hda Phong, Hda D6ng thi lgc lugngcria fnidu t6 Vinh bi clung dQ nhfrng trQn 16 td kh6ng c5 tfivong chi g6y thuong tich cho lrrc lugng ctia Thidu t6 Vinh mdth6i, cdn vd phia Dai ViQt vd nhAn ddn thi thiQt mang mQtngddi li 6ngTnrong-Cdn (Hda Phong)'

Ltic bdy gid anh em Nhu-DiQm d6 ddy lui dtIdc.BQ Tr'Ilinh Binh Xuy6n ra kh6i cdu chf, Y n6n dd triQu tr6i finntnrdng phri y6n v6 dinh DOc ltp vd buQc phii vd b6t hdt tdtc6 vi€n chrlc X6 Ap vh D6ng vi^en D4i ViQt d6ng thdi tlngcddng Cr{n bO cho Lrfdng-Duy-Uy md nhfrng ldp "cii t4o",quy tU hhng van nhAn dAn dd xuy6n tac vd n6i xdu Eai ViQt'Didn hinh ld Ldp "cilit1o" 6 My Le thuQc Xd Hda Binh tflptrung m5i luQt ddn hhng ngdn ngddi. Nguy6n-Quang-Tnr (trfc

Thi si Lam Giang) cfrng t6 v6 tich cr/c girip stlc cho Lddng-Duy-0y trong c6ng t6c chdng ph6 Eai ViQt ndy' TQp dodnNhu-DiQm cong md th6m mOitrai giam ldn 6 Nggc LSng ddgiam gifl nhffng ngrrdi fing hQ D4i ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding micac cuQc hdnh qudn cfia Thidu t6 VInh bit dugc til c6c Th6nAp t4n tr6n midn xa x6i.

c. HAu ouA c(ll uEc DAN APTrong nhflng ndm md h,rc lrrong DaiViQt cing vdi nhdn

Dfl-uET ordc.oAru.oAuc * 2ss

ddn Phri Y6n x6y drrng Chinh quydn eudc gia rhi tdn qu0ncfia C6ng Sdn ddu bi qu6t sach, nhffng t6n cdn s6t lai cfing ta.ttd chay v6 quy Nhon (vDng TOp kdt 300 ngiy) dd chd tdu mnnit ra Bic. Ddn khi Tdp dodn Nhu-DiQm tri€t ha Dai Vi€t,

trdng, COng qudn lai dddc l€nh l6n hit tr6 vd Od noat dQng lai.Vdi sr/n6ng ndi cfia Linh muc Chdu (Cha Chdu) vd Ludng-Duy-Uy dd dung drrdng vi che ch6 cho cl6m C0ng S6n h6ikdt tai hoat dQng niy. Tinh phri y€n bi nan C6ng S6n nhmvDng b5t ddu tr) d6.

Theo 6m muu cria Nhu-DiQm tUciic trai giamTrung rldngnhrr Bi6n Hda, Phri Loi, Thri Drlc ddn cr{c trai giam d cliaphuong nhdt ld 6 Tinh phf y6n chri truong ha nhuc, triQt hangudi Qudc gia ld 16 r6t nh6-t, dd r6m niy <trroc Tlp rloinNhu-DiQm thrlc hien dudi nhidu hinh rhri,c:

x Ddng h6a ngrrdi eudc gia vdi COng S6n. Nhdt chinhtri pham Qudc gia chung vdi CQng Sin.

x Xfi duc vd htldng d6n cho COng Sin tdc6o, phi bi{ng,nhuc ma chfnh rri pham Qudc gia, tao moi loi thd, dinh moitJu 6i cho C6ng Sin.

* SXp d4r vi nAng dd COng S6n dd didu khidn, sai khidn,qudn tri chinh rri pham eudc gia. Vi drrdng ldi, chri rrudngniy mi tai cdc Trung tdm Bi6n Hda, Thri Drlc, phri Ldi...c6nhrOu d,ldn vi€n ci{c hlc lugng v6 trang cria Hda Hdo, CaoDdi, Binh Xuy6n... d5 sa ngd vd phe CQng S6n ho4c mrnrding bdn tay CQng Sdn dd rfra hfln.

CuQc ddn iip, khring bd 6 phri y6n k6o dei tU n5m 1955ddn ndm 1957, khi tim bdt drroc Tnrong Tfi-An vi ph6 vdciic dia didm crr tni bdt m6t sd ddng vi6n Dai ViQt phri y6nldn trdn tai Sdi Gdn.

256 * qrfuc c$coAx, oQc.ry[ cnoit'ttuPl

o. gAN ltt cxtEtt KHU NcuYEru-nuEDdn ngdy 07-10-1958, mQt phi€n Tda cria Tda An QuAn

sr/ Nha Trang di x6t xfi vu niy. Trong c6o tr4ng c6 ci thf,y137 ngrldi dtlgc n6u ten vi 54 ngudi da bitruy tdvdi tQi danh:Ph6 rdi cuQc tri an. C6cb5o chi Sii.Gdn tl6 chay mOt Tit ldn:;vC nN iHiNH TRI LON NHAr". Tnrdc phi6n Tda vflkhi vi tii liQu chdt thdnh tilng ctdng. Nhung tnrdc drrlufn b6ochi vi luQt phrip thi vu 6n {yv6n li mQt thdcd chinh tri' fatcd nhf,ng ngudi bi truy td ddu phii ldnh 6n.

- Tnrdng-Tit-An (tri'c L6-Thi6n-Binh): 4 nlm ti 6'- Bd Tnrdng-Thi-Thinh (Ph6 Chti tich M4t trOn NhAn

ddn Ciich m?ng Tinh PhriY€n): 3 n[m tt 6'-Tdtcic6c SI quan, Crln b0 Hinh chdnh Luu <lQng vd

c6c vi6n chrlc Xd Apddu 15nh 6n til 3 n[m ti 6 trd xudng'- Nhf,ng ngtldi c6 1i6n he thi 16nh iin treo'

oAr-u E-T oudc-oAr-oAH c * 257

III. CHIEU rHU CHAU.OdC(Dqi dOi 23 mi6n TOy)

Cudi nAm L954,LttchrongV6 trang cfia Nguy6n-Ddng-Xinh (Mrrdi Mdn) tU Nha Trang nit vd Nam d6 lidn phdi hopcDng vdi m6t sdding vi€n tilmidn BXc di cuvho vh m6t sdding vi6n vUa mdi tdt nghiQp kh6a Hudn luyQn Trung c6'pcria Trung rldng Ding bQ thdnh l6p n6n mQr td chrlc v6 trangdugc mQnh danh ld Dai <lQi 23 Midn Thy.

Moi phrfong ti€n, quln tang, qudn dung, thudc men...ddudo XtlbQ Midn Nam hof,c tilsai Gbn holc tilCdn Thd, LongXuy€n vdn chuydn ddn. Td chfc v6 rrang niy hic ddu ldn hitd nhf,ng Ving n6ng th6n c5 dia thd thuQn tiQn d cdc TinhLong Xuy6n. Chdu Ddc. Trong thdi gian hdu b6n ni6n 1955,Td chrlc vO trang ndy lai nghiOng vd c6ng tr{c v6 trang, tuy6ntruy6n, d6 ph6 chfi truong dOc thi gia dinh tri cria ho Ng6,nhdt ld trong thdi gian td chrlc Tnlng cdu Ddn f bip bom. Tdchri'c v6 trang tuy6n truydn niy d5 kh6ng quf,n ng4i giannguy mi tn/c diQn dttong ddu vach 16 cho nh6n d6n thdynhfrng dd t6m cfia gia tlinh ho Ng6.

Ddn ndm 1956, rhi td chri'c v6 trang ndy phdi hdp cinghlc luong v6 trang Hda Hdo ly khai itd thinh lQp n6n Chidnkhu Chdu Ddc. Toin thd 86 TrrlQnh Chidn khu Ch6u Ddc dichuydn ddn ddn gAn bi€n gidi ViQt MiOn, rrrinh n6 cric cuQchinh qu6n ldn. R6i sau lai di chuydn trd vd Ving thdt Sonki6n cddng chidn ddu sudt rrong thdi gian T[p doin Nhu-

258 * orfuc ccxcoit, DQCTIAI, clrtoiururpl

DiQm ng{ tri.Nguy6n-D[ng-Xinh (Mudi M6n) vdn ngangnhi6n ra vio m{t khu vd th6ng tri vd cho cdc cd sd cria Ef,ng6 Sdi Gdn. Nhlrng d6ng vi6n hlu vong 6 Camboge, Lho cfingnhd vAo hQ thdng giao 1i6n cria m{t khu niy mi 1i6n lac vdicdc cd sd Ddng 6 Qudc nQi r6't d6 ddng.

Edn cudi ndm 1957, Nguy6n-Ddng-Xinh, ki6m nhiQmc6ng tiic li6n lac cria Thdnh Ddng bO Dai ViQt Qudc DAnD6ng Sdi Gbn, Chg Ldn. TUd6 viOc th6ng tin tUc6c cdp ldnhdao cfia D6ng 6 Sii Gdn vd cho cl'cLrIc hrqng V6 trang lykhai 6 midn Tiy r6't ddu d4n.

Ngdy 02-ll-1963, Nguy6n-D[ng-Xinh ild hy sinh ngaylfc TQp dodn Nhu-Di0m vUa sup dd. Nhfrng d6ng vi6n thuQcDai dOi 23 mi6n TAy cfr trong c6c mdt khu dd h0n hoan til b6chinh y dd trd v6 ho4t dQng c6ng khai ctng cdcDingbQ tliaphrldng. Cr{c chidn sI Hda H6o ly khai cfrng quang vinh mdd6m nhQn lai viQc b6o vQ qu6 hrrdng thAn y6u mQt c6ch chinhdanh, hdp phdp.

oA!-vrETordc-otuoAuc * 2s9

IV. sU KHtjNe-Bd DAN-ApDA|-UET roi SAt GON-CHo LoN

DAu n5m 1955, nhfrng Phong trho chdng Odi UXt OAu ndynd t4i ciic Tinh mi6n Trung: Qu6ng Tri, Thila Thi6n, QudngNg6i, Phri YOn... MQt sd Cdn bQ Dai ViQt Qudc D6n Ddngphdi ddi Ving vio hoat dQng 6 midn Nam. Tqi Sni Gdn, ChoLdn, B6o Tu Quydt cd quan ngOn ludn cfia XrlbO midn NamDai ViQt Qudc D0n Ding thudng bi COng an nhdm ng6, baovdy. Dttdi hinh thrlc "Phidu Kdt Ban Trl Quydt", nhilng tiiliQu chinh tri, nhf,ng bdn tin tfc sdt d6o, nhffng bii xd lu6ncdp thidt do Trung ddng Ding bO vi XrlbO mi6n Nam soanth6o dtroc giri ddn t6n tilng ngrldi ddn, nhdt ld Ving Sii Gdn,Cho Ldn. Sd ddng vi€n Dai ViQt Qudc DAn Ddng tU mi6nTrung, (nhdt ld Phri YOn vi Thila Thi6n) Adi Vtng vio tningq d Sdi Gdn, Chd Ldn da kdt hop chit ch6 vdi Thnnh bOSii Gdn, Cho Ldn hoat d6ng m6t cr{ch nhip nhing manh m6.Truydn don chdng gia dinh tr! xudt hiQn nhi6u noi rrong thdnhphd. Hhng ngfi Hoc sinh, Sinh vi6n Dai hoc bir dAu binhlu6n vh nhAn dinh thdi cu6c theo chidu hrrdng md cdc tii liQucria Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ddng dd chuydn ddn cho h9. D6m29-03-1955, LrIc hlong V6 trang Binh Xuydn bft ddu c6ngkhai chdng ddi fpp dodn Nhu-DiQm bIng v[ hlc. Song songvdi vi6c tr{n 6p Luc lrrong V6 trang Binh Xuy6n bXng vfl hIc,Ty cinh S6t D4c biQt Midn D6ng (PSE) cfia Tdng-Einh-Bdcdudc linh tryc tidp cfia gia dinh Nhu-DiQm md rQng srl lingb6t vi bao vdy nhtrng co sd cria ch8ng ri€ng Dai ViQt QudcDan O6ng md chung cA cilcDoin thd vd Chinh Eing kh6c,

260 * crlclrc coltcorttt, oQc.ryN, clr-oNnrol

ngoai tnr mOt vdi dodn thd mdi lQp do chinh gia dinh Nhu-DiQm ddn dung l0n dd phuc vu cho muc dich dQc t6n, phenh6m.

Thring 5-1955, nhidu dia didm trong khu Bdn Cd, khuCuXd Dd Thdnh, khu Trdn-Quf -Cr{p bi bao vdy, mQt sdldnDing vi6n Eai Viet Qudc Ddn D6ng bi bdt giCt.

Trong nhi6u ngly 1i6n tidp, C6nh S6t Dac biQt midn DOngthay phi6n nhau rinh rQp t4i c6c Tnldng Trung hgc KidnThidt,Vdn Lang, Phuc Htlng, H6-Nggc-cdn, P6trus K!...c6c TnrdngDai hoc Ludt khoa, Vdn khoa vd Khoa hqc...dd tim b6t c6cSinh vi6n Hoc sinh Ding vi6n D4i ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding.

Tnrdng Trung hoc Chi Llng (ngd si{u Cho Ldn) bi baov6y, hAu hdt ban Gi6o stJ cria Tnldng niy d6u bi truy n6...mQt sdDeng vi€n Dai ViQt Qudc DAn Ddng cungu trong khuNguy6n-Tri-Phrldng (Chd Ldn) dd bi v0y b6t'

Tidp ddn b6o Trl Quyit, Dudc Viet bi d6ng crta, cdc dlngvien PhamTh6i Nguy6n-Ngoc-Thn (Th6i qud), Drldng-Vdn-Li€n, Nguy6n-Vln-Eat... phdi lttu vong sang Kampuchia.

Cudi nim 1955, TiQm may Nhan Ei dudng Phan-Dinh-Phing (Bnn Cd) ld ndi quy tU cfia nhflng ding vi6n tU Chi b0Ding tnrdng vd Chidn khu Nguy6n-HuQ nit vdo Nam bi phrivd, tidp ddn ld ci{c ndi tru ngu crtacilcding viOn dy lAn lugtbiphr{t girlc, bibao vAy, kh6m x6t vi bdt gi[... Trong hic 6'y

thi Ky sd Phan-Th6ng-Th6o, HiQu trudng Trfdng Trung hocChi Ldng bi b6t lAn thrl hai vi d5 bi tryc xudt sang Ph6p,Nguy6n-Ton-Hoin cflng luu vong sang Phr{p. Ldn luQt Hing-Nguy6n Nguy6n-Ngoc-Huy, Michel Binh... ddu ph6i luu vongsang Ph6p, L6-VIn-Hi0p (Gia HiQp), Hoii-Son Ung-Nggc-

Dfl-uET oudc-otu.oAuc * 261

Nghia luu vong sang Lio...

Ha bdn ni6n 1956, nhi thudc Bdc T6n Nhon cria cu Hd-NhQrTdn 6 dudng TriQu Di Cho Ldn bi C6nh Srit Dic biQtMidn EOng dQtnhfp kh6mx6t, c6c ding vi6nNguy6n-euang-Minh (L6-Quang-ThiQn), Hoing-Kim-Ldn, Trdn-euang-Viet...da bi bdt gifr. Cu Ud-tttr6t-fan ld m6t nhi C6ch manggdc Midn Nam d Long-Xuy6n dd 15nh dao nhidu phong trhochdng Phiip, dd thdnh l6p Thanh ni6nAi qudc Doin, khi hluvong sang Tnu (1946) cho ddn hic trd v6 nddc, cu H6-Nh4t-Tdn thudng vidt nh{t k!, Crinh Sr{t D4c bi€t Midn D6ng khix6t nhi dd nhit drroc quydn nhdt kg {y; Giai doan 1950-1954,c6 phdn nhdn x6r vd thdi thd, cu Hd-NhQt-Thn rld vidtm6t cAu "..Ndu t( xdy dqng kh1ng duo. c thi nAn giilp itd Ng6-Dinh-DiQm..." Dgc ddn doan nh{t kf niy, Cinh S6t D{cbiQt midn D6ng lidn trinh thEng ddn Nhu-DiQm. Sau tl6 viihdm, cu H6-Nhar-Tan duoc ph6ng thich qua hon mQt tudn 16dn cdm g4o ltlt vh bi muSi Catinat hrit miiu.

Thdi gian niy thi cU Truong-BQi-Hodng, thdn sinh ctiaD6ng Tru8ng cfing bi bXt gitr tai Dran (Dd Lat) giao hdi vdPhf YCn.

T{tcit Ding vi6n D4i ViQt eudc D6n Ding bi b5t gitt 6c6c b6t, ci{c QuAn ddu dudc Qp trung vd b6t Catinat. Dfrngvi€n Eai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding rtrlo. c phr{t the d6, Binh Xuy6n,Hda H6o thd vhng, CQng Sdn th6 xanh...xem rhddfi thdy giadinh ho NgO 116 d6t Dai Vi6t eudc Ddn D6ng h mQt rtidmn6ng. Trong thdi ky ndy Gi6o stlPhan-Ng6 cflng bi ttrra viob6t Catinat. Phdn ngoii cfta cria phdng giam drloc dinh ri6ngcho phr{i n[, ciic cO g6i IAu xanh dtroc nhdt chung. Hingngiy ci{c C6n b0 CQng S6n bi nhdt 6 phia rrong thudng tuhop nhau lai chi tr6, ch6 cudi... TnIdc cdnh tuong dau lbng

262 * cn6lc cqco,tu, oQclAt, ctrt-oiururet

ndy, Giiio stlPhan-Ng6 dd dgc 16n mdy c6u tho:Bdn phdn bu6n huon7 phfln chilng t6i,Cd sao khdm tdi crt bia cudi!Nghi thdn xdu hd nhtng kh1ng xdu,Bdng bqn nam nhi bdn gi6hg ndi.

TU d6 c5,c CdnbQ CQng S6n 6 b6n trong kh6ng cdn chitr6 ch6 ctldi cdc cO grii lAu xanh n[a.

Sau mOt thdi gian nhQn l6nh nhtrng trQn dbn chi tfi dd lQpkhdu cung, ngrrdi ndo d5 hoin tdt h6 so thi drloc drra v6 Ddlao Gia Dinh. Cudi nam 1955, B0 Tham mrru Chinh tri cfiaBinh Xuyen tr] TrAn-Vln-An, Hd-Htru-Trrdng...ddn K! srr

Ngg, Ky gii Ddng cithiy tr6n 10 ngrrdi ddu m4c bd ba clenua A,rg" nhdt phdng cudi cing cta d6y nhd giam Dd lao GiaDinh. Nhd vin Thidu-Son L6-S1-Quf , Nghi nha 16 H6-Ngqc-Crl cfing c6 m5t d Dd lao Gia Dinh trong thdi gian niy....

Ddng vi6n Dai ViQt Qudc Din Ding drrdc ph6n lim 2thinh phdn:

- rnarn phAn c6 dri ydu tdbuOc tQi thi bi gi6i Toa r6i drragiam gif, t4i Kh6m drrdng Chi Hda nhtr c6c tl6ng vi€n Doin-Th6i ryie t), L6-XuyCn LO -Binh-T[ng (Giang), Hd -Thric-Kf ,

L6-Phing-Thdi, Nguy6n-Vhn-Ngdi, Trdn-ViOt-Son trlc TrAn-Nggc-LQp (Th6i mi ), D6 -vln-Tho, L6-VIn-Ldn' LAm-Binh,ftrann mdt kidn, Nguy6n-Vdn-Htrdng, Trdn-Gi. v.v...

- Thdnh phdn kh6ng <lti ydu tdbuQc tQi thi dua di an tri,giam gifr dii h4n 6 cdc Trung t6m: Bi6n Hda, Thri Drfc, PhriLoi...

T4i Trung t0m Bi6n Hda (Sudi Mr{u) c6 cdc df,ng vi6nNguy6n-Quang-Minh, T6-\hn Bii-B r{ -Nhdn, Nguy6n-Nggc-fruy e n, Tnrdn g-Tfi -Thi€ n (Tnrdng-Va n-Nguy6 n), Nguy6 n-

D4r-vrET oudc-oAr-oAuc * 263

Ngoc-Drlc, Nguy6n-MOng-An, Hoing-Kim-L6n, Minh-Nh{tTruong- Dung-Kh6, Nguy6n- Kim-Ld ng, Le -phf -Vinh, Trdn-Quang-Vi€t, Vi6t-Huy Nguy6n-Dinh-Huy, Nguy6n-vdn-Binh, Tnldng-Thi-Binh, Pham-Hodng-eu6n, Bti-Nhu-He,Di o-Hoi n g-Thil i, V[ -Hoh ng-Minh, Nguy6 n-\trn-Linh, L6 -Gia-M6, Nguy6n-Van-Di, L6-Vln-Duy, Nguy6n Dinh Li6n@ien y si)... MOt sd Ddng vi6n Dai ViQt eudc D6n D6ngthu6c Dai d6i 23 6 Chdu Ddc vd thu6c luc lugng Ngr/ LdmQudn d Di Lat...cDng vdi m6t sd d6ng c6m tinh vi€n criaDdng, da phdn ld c6c Sinh vi€n vd Hoc sinh.

Thdi bdy gid tai Trung tdm Bidn Hda c6 hai C6n bQ criaDai ViQt Duy DAn ld TrAn-v[n-TuQ (trlc Th6i-Ldng-Nghi6m,trlc Nghi sI Phan-Vin-T[m) vd TrAn-Vf,n-Lich (Lich qud).Nh6m Trung lQp chd cria Nguy6n-Phan-Ch0u (rr1c T4-Chi-DiQp) li m6t co sd kinh tdi Qu6nAnh Ddo d drrdng Nguy6n-Mn-Nghi6m, ndi mi Nguy6n-Phan-Chdu d5 ttng chd Ng6-Dinh-Nhu tr6n chidc Mobileme mhu cd ph6 stra vd dtngbtral6t ldng trong thdi gian hoar d6ng phong rrio Dodn Kdt HdaBinh dd ydm ftd cho Ng6-Dinh-Di6m vd nrrdc lQp chinh phri.Nhu-DiQm dd cho ling bdt Nguy6n-phan-Chdu nhrrrrg timchda ra n6n b5t 1u6n nh6m Qurln Anh Dio vi ci nhd vlnNguy6n-Nguu-Y (Nguy6n-Htru-Ngrr) dua di an rri taiTrungtdm Bi6n Hda nhy. Hing ngf, Hoc sinh kh6ng CQng Sin cdnc5 Hd-Thd-Ruy€t (NglU vi€n DO rhanh), Nguy6n-Duy-Nh{t,Pham-Luong-Hi6n, V5-Minh-T6 v.v...

Vd phia COng Sdn, r6't d6ng d6o C:in bQ cao ct'p d midnNam ddu c6 mdt tai Trung tdm BiOn Hba, c6 Dddng-Tt-Giang,Lf-Van-Sdm, Ky sdL6-Vdn-Tha, Ky gi6 Nguy6n-\En-Mai,Be Ky sr/Lang (rhuQc Xf b0 midn Nam cria C6ng Sdn) v.v...

Sdng chung vdi m6t hing ngfr CQng Sin cao c6'p qu6<l6ng df,o nhu v6y, t{t ci cdc Ding vi6n Dai ViQt eudc D0n

264 * cnfuc ccxcoin, ogclAt, ctrtoitlttml

Ding tai Trung tdm Bi€n Hda dd thdnh lQp mQt Chi b0 vdbAu Nguy6n-Ngoc-TruyQn ldm Chi b0 tnldng vdi srr phtt tdcfia Nguy6n-V[n-Binh vd T6-Van Bti-B6-Nhdn. Chi b0 sinhho4t ddu d[n hing tuAn, Nguy6n-Ngqc-TruyQn cfing dugc cr]lim Ch6nh Dai diQn cho toin Trung t6m, Ph6 Dai diQn ldNguy6n-Vdn-Di6n dai diQn cho thdnh phdn CQng Sin trongTrung t6m.

Ha b6n ni6n n6m 1956, Nguy6n-Nggc-TruyQn nhin danhli Dai di6n cria Trung tdm dd nghi vdi Ban Gii{m thf TrungtAm trinh xin dtroc md nhfrng kh6a Hoc tQp Hudn luy€n ChdngcQng. Drldc sr/chA'p thu6n, kh6a hudn luyQn chdng CQng dduti6nduQc ldy t6n ld kh6a COng Hda gdm hdt th6y nhf,ng Traivi6n cfia phe qudc gia vi mQt it dugc tuydn h/a tilTr4i vi6nphe CQng Sin. Uan kh6a niy lai tidp tuc md kh6a kh6c,lAni,rg,.a phe CQng Sin d6u dugc dU Kh6a Hudn luy€n chdngCQng.HAu hdt cilc hudn luyQn viOn ddu ld Ding vi6n D4iviQthudc Din Ding. Nguy6n-Ngqc-TruyQn gi6ng vd Chdnhs6ch Thud ndng nghiQp cria COng Sin, Trdn-vdn-TuQ (trlcNghi si Phan-vin-T6m) gi6ng vd Kh6ng chidn ddi c0i CQngS6n, T6-V[n Bii-B6-Nhdn gi6ng vd s6ch lrroc 3 giai doancta C6ng S6n;Bdi gi6ng niy sau khi drrgc ra Udo, T6-Vdnd5 xudt bin thdnh sr{ch vd BQ Th6ng tin dd dflt mua rdt nhidudd phd bidn vd cdc diaphddng vd ldm tdi lieu hqc t{p chinhrri.

Titcitnhfrng bdi gi6ng crtac6c hudn luyQn vi€n li Dingvi6n Dai ViQt Qudc Din Ding rt6u rdt th6m thfy, lf lu{n rdtsdc b6n, b6 gay hdt hQ thdng lf lufn cria CQng Sin Chfi ngtria'

Vd sau nhfrng tdi liQu dy <lrrgc hQ thdng h6a 14i in thinhmQt tQp bli gi6ng c6 gi6 tri tuong drldng vh mang nQi dungnntl tai fiQu hudn luyQn Trung cdp cria Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn

DAr-u E-T orfc-oAu -sAH c * 26s

Ddng. TQp bai gi6ng dy drrgc cung cdp cho toin thd Trungtdm vi gt?i tang ra b6n ngoii.

Trong nhfrng kh6a hudn luyQn, V6-Thfi-Tinh hic dy ldGirim Ddc Th6ng Tin Nam ViQt cfing rhdn hdnh til Sii Gbni6n dd gi6ng gi6i dd phd bidn "Cln b6n Duy Linh, Dudng ldiNhdn Vi "cfla Nhu-DiQm. Ddn cudi nam 1957, theo chtitrrldng chung cria Trung r/dng, t{t ci nhfrng c6ng vi6c kd civi6c hu6'n luyQn chdng COng rai Trung rdm Bi€n Hda rl6udrroc giao cho ciic phdn tfi rhu6c phe CQng Sin rtdm nhQn.'fitclrnhfrng danh til "Ddn t6c Sinh tdn" trong tQp tii liQu biigi6ng, Hudn luy6n vi6n d6u phii sfia lai li "eudc Gia SdngCdn", bdi lC thrrong cdp cho ld "Ddn tOc Sinh t6n" li danh tr}cria Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ddng.

Nhf,ng Ddng vi6n Dai Viqt qudc D0n Ding bi gi6i Tda,vi kh6ng hQi dt ydu tdph6p lf nOn dAn dAn drroc tai ngoai rditli tldnmi6n td.

Tai Sdi Gdn chi c6 mQt vu xfrduy nhdt cria Tda iin qu6nst/ ld vu xfi ngdy 03-04-1957 vd tQi danh phd rdi cu6c tri anddi vdi c6c Ding vi€n Dai Viqt qudc D0.n Ding li: K! strPhan-Th6ng-Thio (clang d tai Ph6p), DrrQc si Cao-Si-DQ,Minh-Nhat Tnrong-Dung-Kh6, Trudng-Tr?-Thi0n (rfc Trudng-Vhn-Nguy6n), Hodng-Kim-Ldn, Tnldng-Thi-Binh vi mQt sddn c6ng do Ludt-srl Tnlong-Dinh-Dzu biQn h0 cho cdc bican. Dudc si Cao-Si-D€ vdi bin 6n bdn (04) nlm tt 6, nhfrngngrrdi cbn lai cl6u c6 6n til 6 thrlng ti trd l€n kh6ng td ttrOigian nhidu n[m bi giam gifr tai cdcTrung tdm an tri, cdi tao.

Mdi <ldn nim 1958, tQp <loin Nhu-DiQm mdi rinh bdtdud. c Ha-Thric-Kf t4i khu rap hrdtViQrlong iludng Cao.Th6ngSii Gdn v) H6n dua vio P42 6Sd thf gifik!; ffatdnhinh h4

266 * CI6uc cqcolu, oec-ttrt cltoiumcl

dd chd ngiy thti ti6u nhrrNguy6n-Phan-Chiu, Vii-Thm-Anhvh vO sdngrrdi khric. Nhung cuQc Cdch m?ng 01-11-1963 dacrhr cho hdng ngdn ngrrdi thoritkh6i ludi hdi tfithdn, trong d6c6 Hi-Thtic-KY.

Dfl-uE-T ouoc-oAn-oAruc * 267

V. OUAN t]Y DAI.UEToudc-DAN-dArue

TU khi thdnh l6p, v6 trang qudn sr.r ld v6'n dd mh D6ngph6i chri trong, vi nhu cAu cd'p thidt cho vi6c chidn ddu gi6iph6ng dAn tQc. Trong m6i trudng, hlc h/ong an ninh cria thrtcd6n Ph6p dang v6y chdt, vi€c v6 rrang phii ld tdi maq m6iD6ng vi6n d6u xem nhr/ drloc v6 trang bXng tinh thdn vi c6tnd ta c6 v6 khi nf,a. M6i Ddng vi€n ddu dudc dao tao Od ttricAn sE bidn thdnh mQt chidn sl, m6r chidn binh cAm sringchdng lai quAn thD.

Ddu thQp ni6n 40, stl hiQn diQn cria Hidn binh vd qudndQi Nhflt cfrng girip cho vi6c huy dQng v[ khi drroc d6 dinghdn. Til d6 c5 nhi6u co sd Ding drroc v6 trang tAp thd.

Ddn ngdy t5-03-1945, ngay mi TriQu-Giang rhay m6rD6ng Tnrdng Truong-Tir-Anh long rrong ruy6n bdkhai gi6ngTn/dng VO Bi Lac Tri6u, d5 ld ngiy mi QuAn tlQi Chinh quyc0a Dai Vi6t Qudc Ddn D6ng drloc chinh thrlc thdnh lQp.

Tri6u-Giang tt1c TrJdng Pham-Cao-Hing dd tdt nghiQpTnldng VO Bl Hodng Phdcing m6t kh6a vdi Tudng Trddng-Ph6rlftu6 cria qudn dQi Trung Hoa DAn Qudc; <ld tilng chidnddu trong hing ng0 cria qudn dQi Trung Hoa Ddn Qudc thamgia chidn dich Tnrdng Sa chdng Nhar, da lQp dtrQc nhiduc6ng trAn n6n drtoc nhi6u lAn vinh thdng.

268 * cndlc ccxrconu, Doc{AI, Glt-oiuruPl

Trldng Pham-Cao-HDng dudc xem nhrrlh vi Trrdng ldnhdfng ddu cia cdc Luc luQng V6 trang Dai ViQt Qudc DAnDdng. Tuy thdc6c Lr/c ldgng Vd trang d tilng Chidn khu nhuK6p @dc Giang), Ba ChE cflng ddu c6 nhffng vi chi huy trdctidp vd tdt c6 ddu quy tu vd mOt vi Tdng Tu LQnh T6i Cao, d6li D6ng Tnldng Tnldng-Tf1-Anh.

Vd sau cr{c Chidn khu tidp tuc dlldc thdnh lflp nhrr ChaPa, Y€n Bi{i, Vinh PhricYOn, An Didn, Dzi Linh...Vt6i Ctridnkhu, m6i cdn crl ddu c6 nhtrng vi TrJ lQnh tnrc tidp chi huy.Ddn khi Qudc Ddn Qudn dtroc thinh ldp, Tdng TLrLenh TdiCao ld vi Chri Tfch cria M4t TrQn Qudc DAn Ding. NhfrngC6n b0 qudn su xudt s6c nhu: V[-Dinh-Huy0n, Nguy6n-VTnh,Vfr -Nguy6n-Hii, TriQu-ViQrHung, Nguy6n-Duy-Di, Linh-Quang-Vi€n v.v... cldu clrrgc cfr gifr nhfrng chfc vu chi huytrong hing ng0 Qudc DAn QuAn.

Ciic Giiio quan Tnldng LUc QuAnYCn Brii ddu lh nhfrngSl quan cdpT6,, c{pUy cria qu6n dQi NhQt hoiLng. NhrI I{DngSan tfc 6ng Hing (NhQt ngff San li Ong, t6 y t6n kinh) ldm6t vi D4i t6 cria qu6n dOi Nhat khdc vdi Tddng Pham-Cao-HDng trlc TriQu-Giang. Mic di ciic vi ST quan nhy dd cDngtilng chung chidn di'u vdi ct{c Sinh vi6n Si quan v} QudcDAn Qudn, nhung d6u sao ho v5n th ngudi Nhflt, srl chidnddu cfia hq ddgc xem nhtlli ldm nhi€m vu cfra Gi6o quan. V)vfly hq chrra h6 clrrgc cfr gifr mQt chfc vu chi huy nio trongqudn dQi cria D4i ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding'

Cudi th6ng 8-1945, DingTnldngTnldng-Tfr-Anh dd dflccfr Tudng Pham-Cao-Hing vdo phu tr6ch chidn tnrdng Namb0, tU d6 QuAn Uy Dai ViQt Qudc DAn Ding 6 Nam b0 ld doTrrdng Pham-Cao-Hing vd ddng chi Bii-Htru-Phiet, D{ng-Dinh-Tich (tfc Vtlong-Hfru-Dtlc) phu tr6ch.

DAruET oudc-oAu-oAuc * 269

Cudi narn 194S, Hd-Chi-Minh cflng gdi Nguy6n-Binhvdo Nam, Nguy6n-Binh tuy cDng hoc 6 V6 Bi Hohng phd,nhung li kh6a sau, vi chr/a c6 c6ng trAn nhu Pham-Cao-HDng.

QuAn riy cfia Xf b0 mi6n Trung thi do phu 16 Xrl rn/6ngndm gifr.

Sau ndm i948, hAu hdtcilc Sinh vi6n Sl quan cfia TnrdngLuc QuAn YCn biii, V6 bi Lac TriQu vd cilc SI quan cria QudcDdn Qudn ddu drroc tu nghiCp d Trudng V6 bi Hodng PhdTrung Hoa Ddn Qudc. Ddn sau n5m 1950 tai tidp tuc viohoc tai ciic Trt/dng VO Bi Di Lat, Trung Chi{nh, Nam DinhThfi Erfc. Nh6't ld sau khi Thanh Ni6n 86o Qudc bi gi6i t6n.T{tcit c6c Ding vi6n tr6, tri thtlc cfia Xf 86 Mi6n Nam d6uduoc khuydn khich vio hoc 6 c6c Tnrdng V6 Bi.

V) vay den ndm 1954, nhi6u Ding vi6n Dai Viet qudcDdn D6ng dd cd qudn hhm cdp TUdng, ct'p Dai ri{ rrong QuAnd6i Qudc gia ViQt Nam. N[m 1964, Trung rrdng Ddng bO dachdp nhQn cho tuy6n th6 gia nhQp Ding m6r sdcam rinh vi€nldu nim trong hhng ngfr Sl quan cao cdp cia Qudn lrrc ViQtNam COng hda gdm c6: 1 Trung trJdng vd 2 Thidu rr/dng.Ddn ddu thdp ni6n 70, he thdng Qudn fiy cfia Dai Vi6t tt6 tdchfc vh hoat d6ng chAt che ddn cdp Chi khu, Tidu dodLn, Daid6i...nhrr tai cr{c Tinh Phri YCn, Vinh Long, Ninh Thudn, ThilaThi6n, Qudng Trf v.v... Hing ngfl Qudn riy Eai Vier til rudctdi sau gdm c6:

C6c Tddng lSnh: Tddng Pham-Cao-HDng, Vfr-Dinh-Huy€n, BDi-Hfru-Phiet, TrAn-B, TrAn-Th-Ift (Dai ttrdng),Pham-XuAn-Chidu (Trung ttldng), Nguy6n-V-Th (Trungtddng), Ph-Q-Th (Trung trldng), L-V-Ph (Thidu rrrdng), ph-H-H (Thidu ttfdng), D5-Kidn-Nhi6u, TrAn-v6n-Hai, L-V-T,

270 * or6tc ceNGdN, DQCiI I, ct t-oiumPl

L-Q-L, D-Q-t L-S Ph-D-Th v.v...C6c D4i t6: Qudn riy Dai ViQt ddn nam 1970 c6 ften 40

vi Dai t6. Trong d6 c6 nhfrng vi dugc xem nhu dd c6ng khaihria trong ding vu nhu: Nhan-Minh-Trang, Nguy6n-Brl-Thintd Long, Huynh-Vhn-T6n, DUdng-Hidu-Ngtria, TrAn-Vbn-Trl,Pham-Vhn-Li6u, Cd-Idn-Tinh-ChAu, TrAn-Quang-Thi4i v.v...

C6c Trung t6: Ddn ndm 1970 Qudn riy Dai Vi6t c6 tr6n50 vi Trung t6. Nhf,ng vi drlgc cOng khai nhu: Nguy6n-Vf,n-Eat, Trdn-Dinh-Duy6n, Nguy6n-Vdn-Srrdng, V6-KhAm,Trang-Khiinh-Hung, Nguy6n-DIng-Chdt, Phan-C6ng-Phti,Nguy6n-Nggc-Thili, Luc-Phuong-Ninh, Ph4m-Nggc-Lddng,Lf -VAn-Phudc v.v...

C6c cuQc binh bidn trong thdi ky Qp doin Nhu-DiQm trivi nhtl cu6c d6o chiinh ngdy 11-11-1960 d6u c6 sr/ g,op sri'c

tnJc tidp vi gi6n tidp cria cric ding vien trong Qudn Uy DaiViQt Qudc DAn Ding.

Sau C6ch m4ng 01-11-1963, mQt sdd6ng cdc cl6ng vi6nduoc n6m gifr ddn vi trudng vh cilc chrlc vu chri chdt trongQuAn Luc ViQt Nam C6ng Hda, Hulnh-van-T6n gifr chrlc vuTinh trudng ki6m Tidu khu trudng Gia Dinh, sau th Ttr lQnhSr/-doin 7 BQ-binh.

A. CHINH-Lv SO-O t - I 964(')Subdt ldc cria chinh phri Nguy6n-Ngoc-Thd dd dua ddn

ddn tinh trang mudn phin bQi lai li trldng cfia Cdch m4ng 01-1 1-1963.

- MOt sdtin O6 rni€n Chfa gi6o lai rdi dQv bidn cuQctranh chdp gitra PhQt gir{o vd Thi€n Chria gi6o th€m trAm

('l). Vicac cuQc h2rnh quAn ddu do c6c slquan co dAng tich DVQDDirUc tiep thUc hiQn, n6n duqc xdp vdo hoqt dOng c0a QuAn-riy DVQDD.

DAr-u ET ondc.oAu.oAlr c * 271

trong vd nguy hidm.- Tudng L€-Vln-Kim GirI chfc vu Tdng Tham Mrru

TrUdng QL/VNCH vudr moi quydn han cria Chfi tich HOiddng QuAn nhAn Cr{ch m4ng li Trrdng Duong-VIn-Minh.

- Tudng L6-Vdn-Kim vd Thfi rrrdng Nguy6n-Nggc-Thdlai thien vd chri trddng Trung I{p cria De-Gaulle, dung drrdngnhSm Trdn-Dinh-Lan, Vddng-V6n-D6ng...

Trudc hi€n tinh dy, Trung uong Ding bQ Dai ViQt eudcDdn Ding quydt dinh giao cho eu6n riy thgc hiQn cuQc chinhlf dd crru vdn rinh rhd. Hulnh-Vf,n-T6n, Tinh tnrdng ki€mTidu khu tnldng Gia Dinh drrgc fiy rhiic rrong rriich niy. Saukhi da tham kh6o f kidn cta ciic Tudng ldnh, Hu!'nh-Vdn-Tdn dd dn dinh kd hoach hinh qu6n chi tidt, c6c ltrc hrgngduoc xfr dung vdo cu6c hinh qudn chinh lf g6m c6:

MQt Tidu doin Thriy qudn LUc chidn, mQt Tidu doinChidn xaM24 (Shaffee), m6t Dai dQi Cdnh s6r Da chidn.

Tidu doin trfdng Thfiy qudn Luc chidn, Thidu td Cd-16n Tinh-Ch0u c6 nhiQm vu bd tri qu0n si cfia don vi thgchi6n viQc ddn trr dinh cria Trrdng T6n-Thdt-Dinh tai drrdngNguy6n-Du mdi vi bio vC an ninh cho 6ng t'y Oi OgUudi tropm0t vd khdn cdp cfia qudn dQi tai BQ Tdng Tham Mtnr, TtrdngDinh lfc dy ld drrong kim Tdng Tnrdng NOi Vg. Sdchidn xathrldng tnrc d nhi TUdng Dinh cfing rltroc lQnh phdi hop cingThriy qu6n Luc chidn dd thrrc hi6n kdho4ch.

- Chidn xa cfia Thidu td P.H.H c6 nhi6m vu bao v6y ttrdinh cfia ludng L6-Vdn-Kim nXm canh s6n Golf trong vdngdai BQ Tdng Tham Mrnr (cfra sau), c6 lQp vn b6r giei gia;<ldn BQ Tdng Tham Muu QL/VNCH.

- Dai dQi Cinh sr{t Dd chidn cria Dai fy Drrong-euang-'Ii6p c6 nhi6m vu c6 lfp bdt gitr vi gi6i giao Tudng Trdn-Vbn-D6n duong kimT6ng ftUdng Qudc phdng,kiOmTulenhQudn dQi vd bO T6ng-Tham-Mtn-r.

272 * cndic cgtlcofu , oqc.jIII, cltoiun-rcI

-Trrdng Drrong-Vdn-Drlc nhQn phg tr6chviQc mdiTtrdngNguy6n-Vdn-V! ddn BQ Tdng Tham Mrtu vd b6t gif, lai'-

- pai t6 D[ng-Thanh-Li6m phu tri{ch viQc b6t gitrMai-Hfru-Xudn.

LQnh hdnh qu0n chinh lf tlugc gif, bi m6t cho ddn 12 gidd6m ngdy 29-0l-1964, tuyQt nhi€n kh6ng c6 mQt cu0c dichuydn qu6n ndo x6y ra tnldc d6. Gid xudt ph6t drrQc chon ld2 gid sring ngdy 30-01-64.

Titcitnhf,ng h/c hlgng tham drI cuQc hhnh qudn chinh liddu tnlc tidp li6n lac thEng vdi Tidu khu Gia Dinh, B0 chihuy cuQc hdnh quAn chinh li d{t t4i Tidu khu Gia Dinh' Cricdon vi tnrdng, cric bO phQn, cdc gi6r chrlc tham drlcuQc hdnhquAn chinh iy Odu nh{n mQnh lQnh tnlc tidp vdi Tidu khutiudng Hu!'nh-Van-Tbn tai BO Chi huy Hdnh quAn d Tidukhu Gia Dinh.

Loi didm cria cuQc hhnh qu6n ld: M4c dAu theo hQ thdngdgc cfra Qudn ty Dai ViQt Qudc DAn Ding, nhtlng ddi vdiQuAn dQi lai ld hQ thdng ngang, bdi vi ttTidu khu Gia Dinhda di ddn th8ng cr{c ddn vi, cdp b0 ctia c6c Qudn Binh chringtrong QuAn dQi. Do d6 md c6c Trrdng ldnh kh6ng c6 1i6n hQ

trong cuQc hinh qudn chinh lf d6u kh6ng hay bidt gi c6, nhdtld crlc Cd vdn M! tU qudn sd cldn chinh tri ddu bi d{t tnrdcvlec oa ro1.

LQi didm thrl hai cria cuQc hinh qudn li c6c vi tri xudtqudn nhm s6t gAn muc tieu, do d6 thdi gian di chuydn chi cAn

iS Odn 20 phtit dd tao drJgc st/ bdt ngd n6n kh6ng hd c6 mQtph6n rlng kh6ng ctl ndo.

Xudt phrit tU 2 gid si{ng ngdy 30-01-1964 ddn 5 gid s6ng

oAr-vrET ordc.oAruoiuc * ztg

ngdy 30-01-1964, cuQc hdnh qudn chinh lf dd hoin ta't mymdn, kh6ng hd c6 dd miiu, thuong vong gi c6.

Khi kd hoach hdnh qudn chinh lf dd rltrdc hoach dinhxong, vi than tinh gifra Trrdng Nguy6n-Kh6nh vdi anh emQudn Uy Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding vi Tr.rdng Kh6nh hic rt6tlang bi Tudng L6-V[n-Kim Tdng Tham Mft Trddng eL/VNCH diy ra Ving gidi tuydn, n€n Hu!,nh-Vdn-T6n d6 tincho Trung trldng Khr{nh bidt ctd vd ctng chri,ng kidn cuQchinh qudn chinh 1)r. TU VDng I chidn thudr, Trung rUdngNguy6n-Khiinh dd cing vdi Dai riy Mi-Sanh-Nhon tty vi€nvd tldn Tidu khu Gia Dinh vio ngdy Zg-0t-1964. mQi tnaym6t trd, ddn c6c binh si b6o vQ an ninh c6 nh6n, TrrdngNguy6n-Khdnh c0ng khOng c6, Huj'nh-V5n-Tdn ph6i cho tdtric 6 Tidu khu Gia Dinh gitra mOt B0 Chi huy Hinh qu6nChinh li todn li ci{c Si quan cria Dai ViQt eudc Ddn Ddng.Sudt d6m 29-0l-1964 cho ddn khi cu6c hdnh qudn chinh gkdt thric, Trung tddng Nguy6n-Kh:lnh phdi don rlQc nhm y€nchd dQi tai Tidu khu Gia Dinh.

Kdt thric cuOc chinh ly, BO Chi huy Hdnh qu6n Chinh liddnh diQn sang Paris mdi 6ng Nguy6n-T6n-Hodn vd nrrdc ildthinh lfp chinh phri mdi. Chinh phti phdp it6 md cdng danhdrt cfla phi tnrdng Orly dd ti6n dUa Nguy6n-T6n-Hodn vdnrldc vio ngiry 04-12-1964.

Ddn khi thdnh tdp chinh phri, Nguy6n-T6n-Hoin vhTrung rrdng Ding b0 Dai V'iQt eudc D6n Ddng nhQn th6'yrhng:

1) SrJtranh ch6'p gifra Phft gi6o vi Thi6n Chria gi6o v6nclang trAm rong, Nguy6n-T6n-Hodn lai ld m6t ti, ad Thi6nChria gi6o, m4c di Trung rldng Ding b0 vdn x6c nhQn ld dNguy6n-T6n-Hoin Ddng tinh manh hon T6n girio rinh.

2) Tinh hinh chidn sd sE lan r6ng, nhu cAu quAn sd s6 gia

274 * oriNc c$com, oqclru, cltohruP!

tang, m6t vi Thri tudng ddn srJ sE kh6ng rlng ph6 kip vdi vdndi5 nny.

Do nhfrng nhQn dinh dy, B0 Chi huy Hdnh quin Chinhlf dd drra Ttldng Nguy6n-I(h6nh ddn g4p Trung rldng DingBO Dai ViQt Qudc DAn Ding vd Nguy6n-T6n-Hohn. Trungtudng Nguy6n-Kh6nh cll long trong cam kdt ld s6 kh6ng xen,ao quydo l6nh dao chinh tri, chi xin nhQn 16nh phAn quinsrl lo diinh COng Sin md th6i, vi d6 ld sd tnrdng cria 6ng'Tddng Kh6nh n6i rXng: "TOi rdt ddt ntit vi chtnh tri, vd xinddnh phdn dd lqi cho anh em Dqi ViQt Qudc Ddn Ddng mdt6i dd tilng chiu dn trong thdi gian qua"-(Nguy6n vdn ldicta Trung tudng NguY6n-Khdnh).

tul vdy Trung udng Ding bO Dai Viet Qudc Ddn Dingvd Nguy6n-T0n-Hoin d6 chdp thu0n gi6i ph6p ld: Nguy6n-TOn-Hoin gif, chrlc vU De nhdt Ph6 Thfi trrdng D{c trrichBinh rlinh bao gdm 7 b6, cdn Trung trldng Nguy6n-Kh6nh,mQt Trrdng l6nh kh6ng DAng phdi vi cflng kh6ng h Tin ddcfia Thi6n Chria gi6o gif, chrlc vu Thri trldng Chinh phri. Mqivi6c mdi ngudi vi xdp ddt c6c chtlc vu trong chinh phfi ddudo Nguy6n-T6n-Hohn vd Trung ddng Ding bO DaiViQt QudcOan Ding thuc hien. Khi thinh lQp chinh phri do sr/ydm trQ

cfia Thich-Tdm-Chdu (Ph{t giiio), Nghidm-Xudn-Hdng viNguy6n-Vln-Trldc thuQc Ding Duy Ddn drrgc mdi tham giachinh phfi, Nghi6m-Xu0n-Hdng giftBQ trudng Phfi Thri Tudlg'\ai b; thr{ng sau c6 srr mdu thuSn dd ly gi6n gif,a Nguy6n-Khr{nh vd Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn D6ng. DAn dAn Nguy6n-Kh6nhtrd nOn tham quydn cd vi phin l4i nhffng didu dd cam kdt vdiDai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding vi 6ng Nguy6n-T6n-Hoin'

Ngiy 16-08'1964, Nguy6n-Kh6nh cho ra ttdi HidnChrrong Vflng Thu nhhm t6m thdu quydn luc qu0n srr vd chinh

Dfl-uET odc-oAH.sAruc * 27s

tri dd Oi Adn chd OO d6c rhi, qu6n phiQt. Nguy6n-T6n-Hoinvi Dai ViQt Qudc DAn Ddng kich liQt chdng adi viQc llm niycfia Nguy6n-Khdnh...Mudi ngdy sau (26-0S-1964) Nguy6n-Khrinh lai x6 b6 Hidn ChdongVflng Thu vd t{di 116o minh.

Tuy nhi6n Nguy6n-Kh6nh v6n ding quydn h/c dd yOucdu Nguy6n-T6n-Hoin phdi ra nudc ngoii.

MOt cuOc hop khdn cdp dtroc tri€u tQp trong khu6n vi6nBQ T6ng Tham Muu QLA/NCH gdm c6: Nguy6n-T6n-Hoin,Nguy6 n-Ngoc-Huy, Nguy6n-Vhn-Kidu, TrAn-Thi6n-Khi€m,Nguy6 n-V5n-Thi6u, Hu j'nh-Vd n-16n... Nguy6n-Vdn-ThiQ uvi trd ngai giao th6ng n6n ddn 116, cuOc hop dd quydt dinh :

Cha'p nhdn y6u cAu cfia Nguy6n-Kh6nh li Nguy6n-T6n-Hoin, Nguy6n-Ngoc-Huy, sC xudt ngoai lttu vong <ld choNguy6n-Kh6nh an tdm chri quan vi ngay it6 (01-09-1964)sC td chrlc m6t cu6c d6o chinh Nguy6n-Kh6nh, vi6c <ilio chinhndy Qudn riy Dai Viqt qudc D6n Ding giao cho Hulnh-Vdn-Tdn d6m tr6ch. Sau d6, Peer de Sylva Tr4m tnldng CIAtai Vi€t Nam can thiQp quydt li€t vi chuydn ldi cfia chinh phfiM! ham doa ring:

NAi c6 cuQc ddo chdnh lQt ddNguydn-Khdnh thi chinhphft Hoa Kj sd ngilng ngay viQn tr{ quin s( vd sd ili ddnviQc ciit dft fiAn hQ ngoai giao.

TnI6c sd phin rlng dQt ngQt vi manh m6 d6, eu6n riyDai Vi6t Qudc DAn Ding ddnh phdi nhrlong bO dd tim mrtuchudc khiic.

DrIQc srl fing h6 cria chinh phfi Hoa K!, Nguy6n-Kh6nhthay ddi ngay cdc chi huy rrudng Thidt gi6p tai Thti 116, dtrangrrdi thay thdDai tii Nhan-Minh-Trang Tinh rrrdng Gia Dinh,chudn bi ngr/di thay rhd Dai td Hu!'nh-VEn-Tdn trong chrlc

276 * 9^Ci li-'ii(l CONCSN, lnC{AI, GIA-DINH:IQI

vu Trr lQnh Su dodn 7 vi Khu Chidn Tidn Giang.

B. CUoC eldU OUoNIC LUC LUoNC l3-09'1964(r)Tht/c hien vi6c v6 hiEu h6a ke ho4ch d6o chiinh cria

Qu6n riy Eai ViQt Qucrc DAn Eing. Nguy6n-Khrinh d{t khuchidn Ti6n Giang vd SrrDodn 7 dndi qur'6n kidm sodt ctia'h-rdng Drlong-V[n-Efc, Tu lQnh Virng 4 chi6n thuat kd tUngiy 04-09-1964.

Ngdy I 3-(\9-lg64vi Tu 16pfi VDng 4 niy d6n gap Dai tdHu!,nh-Van-T6n d6 nghi thr/c hiQn m6t cu6c bidu drrong hlclrrong Od tam dp luc vrli TtIcin" Nguy6n-Khdnh ci' srr phOi

hop cua Ttrdng Nguy€ln-Chdnh-Thi TrI lQnh Ving 1 chi6nthu6t cDng vdi Tfdng Nguy6n-Cao-Ky vi s5 srJ ring h0 criaTUdng Vlnh-LOc Ttr i€nh Su doa n 9. Tdcrrlg Ding-\'dn -QuangTrrlQnh Sddodn 21.TddngD'Jc cO i6p Thfr d6 bing cdch c6tdrlt li€n lac gilra Thti d0 vd ciic Ving 4. Vtrng 1 va dem Kh6ngquAn cria Trrdng Nguydn-Cao-Ki'vd tai BinhThdy Grn N6c)dd khdng chd Trtdng Khdnh bu6c phii nhucng b6 theo cdcy€u silch cfia Tddng Drlc. ddng thdi cflng nhhm vi€c ldm mdtmit Tudng Taylor Dai srl My tai Vi€t Nam dang thuydt trinhtrddc Qudc h6i My ca ngdi Trrdng Khdnh dfi didu...TrrdngDrrong-V[n-Drlc, khi ttlu vong d Ph6p di tifng sinh hoat visdng chung vdr cdc ding vi€n trong QuAn riy vi Trung rldngDing b0 cria Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding.

Do d6 Dartd Huj'nh-V[n-Tdn dd chup ngay co hQi dyAd tat dd tuong Khilnh trong tuthdh thi hdnh lQnh cria thugngcdp Trr 16nh Vtng, Trldng Drrong-Vdn-Dfc.

(1). Cdc cuOc hirnh quAn ndy c0ng do c6c sTquan co dAng tich DVQDDinUc niQn nen duqc xdp vdo hoqt ddng cfra Qudn 0y DVQDD.

oal-vr ET 0u0c-DAN-DAN G lk 277

Curlc xLrut quin tie'n ctric'rn cdu Binh Didn vi dat chdtnd -eiLrt sip cirr niu ciu, khi TLrdng Drlc tuy0n bdchdng laiTtl(Jn-s Khinh trCn Diri phdt thanh Scic Tring, durlc hodn tdtvdo hic 4 giii slng ngiry 13-09- 1964. Viro hic 5 giit siing, TrldngLdm-Vin-l)hit cilirln-q kinr Tdng trddng NOi vu xudt hiQn taiBinh Di6n theo liii ),0u ciu cria TLrilng DuOng-Vln-Drlc vdDai tir Huj'nh-Virn-T0n di cirng nhau hcJp tirc chdng lai TudngNguy6n-Khrinh vi Khinh cla phin bQi lai anh em. TddngPhiit de nghi l) nCn keo LlLrarl \'Li Sai Con Od Ado chinh lu6n,vi S)i Gon tfung bii trdng kh6ng c6 phdng thri. Drloc tin ndyrnoi n-{rlili d0ng y ks,r qLrin ve Sii Gdn. To)n thd chfi lrfcqr,rCn dio chdnh rtLrtli cluyin didu d6ng cria Dai t6 Tu lenh Suclodn 7 I ILrj nh-Virn-Tiin gOm cri 2 Trung dodn cia SUdodn 7li Trung tloin l0 r,a 11. Lien dodn dD biQt ph6i cho Khuchidn TiCn Gian-s do Trun-s td An chi huy, Chidn doin 6 Thidtv0n xa do Trurng tii L!-Tr)ng-BLi chi huy, Tidu do)n 43 Bi€td6n-e clLrih do Dai f y Lu0n chi huy, Trung tii Pham-Vf,n-Li6uva N-qLl1'6n-Van-L6c tldclc giao nhiOrn vu chidm gifr ciic ndihidm f,iu cria Do thanl'r vi ciic ccl quan ctla chinh phri nhu:Phu Thii -fLlr'ing. nha BLIu Di0n chinh Sii Gdn, NgAn khdQuoc gia. Tirrr D0 chiinh. Dai Phrit thanh cludng Phan-D)nh-Phir ng r'. r ...

Quan drio chitnh llnr chu t)nh hinh Thu d0 vio hic 2 gidchieiu. khirng girp s\r khrlng cdn)o xdy ra, kh6ng c6 mQt tidngsirng nCi. ll6 TLr l,^nh Hinh quin dcin-u tai Tda Hdnh chrinh'finh Gia Dinh.

TLhing Khrinh lfrc bCy giii dang nghi miit cuoi tudn taiDa Lat. 'l'hieu tLirlng NgLrl'e'n-r'in-Thi0u duttng ki€m Thammllu lrLli'ing QL/ VNCH da den tidp xric vdi Dai tri Hu!,nh-Vin-Tdn va drlrjc cho biet li:Vi6c lim ndy ld Qu0n fiy DaiVi0t QLriic Dan Din-rr thuc hiOn quydt <tinh cfia cu6c hop il

'278 ri ciloNc co. NC6AN, DQCrI'AI, Crn-Oit,tltol

Bql fOnS Thar.n rnttu hOru 30-0tt md Nguy6n-Van-ThiQu ditlen tr6, Thiiu tdtlng Nguy6n-Vln-Thi6Lr h6i vin lai: C(r dtlocngrftli M! chap thuiin khOn-s'? Dai td Huynh-Vin-T6n giiithich: Peer cle Sylr,a cci tir thii d6 kh6ng Ling h6. nhdng viOcc ua ta th) ch(rng ta ct1lint... Thieu tddng Nguy6n-Vin-Thieun-uhe viy lien bii nhiOrn sil ln'y phi ctl nhii bay 16n Ei Lat napnrinh cho Tdrlng Khilnh. biTLrdng Khdnh quiin thf c vd bu6clrhii clfnrg ra keu -{oi citc quin nhin tham gia dio chinh phriitrtJ vd vi tri, nhi6m sil cI trOn Dii Phrit thanh Dd Lat.

Vio lirc B(l I'd le nlr Hanh cluin cliio chinl-r chuCrl bi vi6c^. , ^_;,tren clrel'n D(.) Ions Ttrartt mUr.r thi cti 2 c0n-q di0n cua Chudnt,(1ng VTnh-LOc TtJ lernh Sr-l doin 9 vi Chuin ttldn-q Ding-\rin-Quang Tu lOnh Srl doln 2 I gr?i chfic milng sd thanh c6ngcri r Tr-Ir1n g Dtltlng -Vii n- DfIc.

BO Ton-s Tharti rnLfit dtli;c chrem xong vltt lLic 7 -eitl chidukh0ng cri n.iOt phin Lnrg rtio cl.i. dly li mOt kj'cOng cfia Trungckran dia phdtin-e 135 Tieu khu Gia Einh do Trung tri Ngo-T'hanh-Tirn-rr cili hlrr. B6 Chi hu1' Hinh cluin diio chinh cltldcdiii n-ua1' r'io B6 Tiiltg Thartt lttlrll lLic tt gitt.

\10t ldn nila ngLliii M, hoin todn bi c10ng. hoart toirtrkh0ng ha1, bie't gr vi di6n tie'n cua cu6c binh bien clo Si qLrarrE,ai ViCt QuCic Dan Diin-r: chLi c16ng. Vien phti Dai stl M1'cing vrli Co vitn trtlLlrtg clia TLtilng Dr"lc birrll sirt 6119 hinlclra clr-i dtdu. nio la se cLip viCn trcl qttatr sd, sC c[t cfu?t li0n h0n-loai giao r',r'...r,eu TLrrlng EL'rc khOng cho l0nh r'[t quin rakhrii ThLi d6.

KO hoach ddnh chiinr phi tnldng cpr0n sLf Tin-StJn-Nhatvi Bien Hoa clang tien hanh rttanh ntO dd si-rt san-rl tin cOn-tlr')o l(rc l2 -ciii r10nr. Mr.rt vi6c di chr-rCn bi xong xu6i thi vio

Dfl-vE-T orfc-oAu.ofuc * 279

Itic 11 gid, Trldng Nguy6n-Cao-K), xu6't hiQn tai BQ TdngTham muu gAp Trldng Dfc dd dua thu cAu hda cria TrrdngKhdnh, trong thU Trldng Khrinh y6u cdu nit qu6n kh6i ThfidO dd ffr{nh dd mi{u v6 ich c5 loi cho CQng S6n d6ng thditrdnh ihldc cdnh huynh dQ tuong tdn, Tddng Kh6nh n6i th€mtrong thrfrhng: SE khdng c6 biQn phr{p trUng phat nio cho bdtcrl ai c6 tham gia vio cuQc binh bidn dio chi{nh ndy vd v5nduy tri chrlc vu TrI lQnh Ving 4 crta TUdng Dr1c, chrlc vu TrIlQnh Sr/doin 7 cria Dai td Huj'nh-Vdn-Tdn.

Trldng Dtlc t15 tin theo ldi hrla cfia TUdng Nguy6n-Khr{nh(vi li ban tt6ng kh5a vdi nhau) n6n d6 th0u h6i l6nh rftlnhchidm phi tnrdng T[n-Son-Nh6't vi Bi6n Hda. Moi viQc trdn6n y6n tinh, c6c don vi duqc lenh thu xdp trd vd vi tri c[ vdosdng h6m sau.

Sau cu6c nir qudn, Trrdng Kh6nh trd v6 Sii Gbn, phinlai ldi hfa, cho b6t Trrdng Dfc gi6i giao vd Sdi Gdn, lQnh niydudc TLIdng Vinh-LQc vd Trrdng Dlng-Vin-Quang thi hinh.Ddng thdi Trrdng Kh6nh ra l6nh bdttdtcd Sl quan Dai ViQtQudc DAn Ding cing vdi ciic SI quan d6 tham gia vdo cu6cbinh bidn giam vdo qu6n lao. Ri6ng Eai tii Huj,nh-Vhn-T6nvi ci{c Tddng lSnh thi tam giam tai Vfrng Tdu dd chd ngiydua ra Tda x6t xfi.

Trong c6c phiOn Tda cria Tda 6n QuAn sr/ Sii Gdn, kh6ngtim drloc ydu td buOc tOi n€n tuy€n bd moi ngddi tham giavdo cuQc bidu drrong hlc ltlong ddu vO tOi. Sau khi drroc r6ng6n,c6,cDing vi6n Dai ViQt Qudc DAn Dring trd lai qu6n ngfinhrlng ddu bi phdn t6n di ci{c ndi, ri6ng Dai t6 Hu}'nh-V[n-T6n xin nghi ddi han khOng lrrong nhhm d lai Thfi dO dd tidptuc mtru viQc lQt 0d tuOng Nguy6n-Kh6nh.

Huj'nh-Vdn-T6n dd 1i6n lac vdi Thfi Trrdng TrAn-vdn-

280 * cno\c cOlicomr, o@m, cn-oiurupt

Hudng vdo th6ng l2-lg64de nghl td chfrc 14t dd Tudng lft6nhnhung Thri trrdng TrAn-vdn-Hddng d5 kh6ng drim lim.

c. BINH BIEN I 9-02-1965(r)NhAn co hQi h/c hrong Thi6n Chfa gi6o m6c ndi vdi Ttldng

LAm-VIn-Phrit nhhm triQt ha Nguy6n-Kh6nh, Hulnh-Vdn-Tdn de drra m6t sd Sl quan Dai Vi6t Qudc Ddn Ding vdon6m gifr cdc vi6c chfi chdt trong 86 Chi huy cria cu6c binhbidn 19-02 -1965. Lrlc ldong cria Dai ViQt QuO'c D0n Diingtodn li Thidt gi6p drrgc giao tr6ch nhiem chidm bO Tdng Thammrtu vi phi tnrdng Ti'n Son Nhdt, lrrc luong Thi€n Chria giriodo Pham-Ngoc-Thio didu dQng tidn chidm Dei Phdt thanhvii bao viy nhh cria Trft1ng Kh6nh tai bdn BachDhng. NhrrngTudng Khrlnh d5 du tho6t drroc kh6i Thfi dO bing phi cdC47 bay thing ra V[ng Tiu ngay khi cu6c binh bidn xiy ral:(oc l2gid tnra ngiy 19-02-1965.

Am mtru thAm kin cfia Pham-Ngoc-Thdo li nh6n cuQcbinh bidn t4i Thti d6 md cfra ng6 Hflu Ngh1a vi Binh Duongcho cdc don vi qu6n sdM4t trQn Gi6i ph6ng Midn Nam trinvdo chidm gifr mQt phdn d0't cfia Thri dO Sei Gdn dd tlm 6phlc vdi Vi€t Nam COng Hba. Do d6 khi cu6c binh bidn bdtdAu, Pham-Ngoc-Thdo dE ilich thdn vdo khrim dLIdng ChiHda y6u cdu thf, hdt ti nh6n ra dd lam hOu thu6n, Pham-Ngoc-Thio drr trt sC bidn hing ngfl ti nhdn thdnh mQt LrlcluongV6 trang nhAn d6n dudi quydn didu khidn tnrc tidp criay clrrOc srr ydm trd cfia M[t trQn Gi6i ph6ng midn Nam' Gir{mddc Khrim dudng lfc A'y ld Trung t6 Nguy6n-Vdn-Lidng dd[dn ddn eip Eai tr{ Hu}'nh-V5n-Tdn tai cdng BQ Tdng Tham

(1). Cac si quan co dAng tich DVQDD dd nim gifl nh[ng vai trd trgngydu trong cuOc binh bidn, n6n Ouqc xdp vAo cdc hoat dong c0a QuAn&y DVQDF

DAr-VrFr 0L0C-DAN-DANG * 281

mrru chidu ngdy 19-02-1965 hic 6 gid, Dai t5, Hulnh-van-Gn h6n ra lQnh cdm ngay kh6ng cho Trung tr{ Nguy6n-Van-Lidng drroc thi ti nhdn, ndu c6 m6t ngudi ti ndo thoiit radudc le Ong GiSm ddc phdi chiu tOi thay.V) v6y md mdu roanthe fi nhAn vi viQc M4t trQn Gi6i ph6ng mi6n Nam trdn viochidm Tht dO kh6ng thuc hien clugc.

CuQc binh bidn 19-02-1965 dd loai b6 dugc TudngNguy6n-Kh6nh vd nhd c6 srl hiQn diQn cria c6c SI quan DaiViQt Qudc DAn Ding mlL ch6n dri'ng dugc dm mdu rhA rinhdn vi drla qu6n cria M[t tr6n Gi6i ph6ng midn Nam vdochidm Thfi d6 cria Pham-Ngoc-Th6o, mf,c dAu m6t so Si quancfla Dai ViQt Qudc D6n Ding phdi dn trdn vi su truy n6 criaTda 6n.

2Bz * cr6uc coNG6N, DQClru, on-oNn+o1

DAFUFT qmc-oAr{oAr{c * 283

e*?dok^Q 7

DAr DOAN-f,Lr DAI{-TQC

284 * D4\t DON-KE'IDNTI .0C

DAr-v! E-T orfc-oAu -oAu c * 285

icaI. THANH.LAP CHINH-PHU

rta2a

DAI DOAN KET DAN TQC

Sudt trong 9 ndm trdi, T{p dodn Nhu-DiQm itd ldnludt thi hinh nhi6u chfi truong sai lAm khidn cho COng Sin c6drroc nhi6u loi didm dd xdm nhQp mai phuc trong quAn chringn6ng th6n. Ddn nhflng ngay cudi, rQp ilodn Nhu-DiQm laiddy dua bhng c6i gqi ld Qudc s6ch Ap chidn luOc. Vdi rhuctrang C6ng Sdn dd thAm nh0p tdi tla vdo qudn chfng md rioAp chien luoc ch8ng khiic nio nhdt ciio vio chu6ng gi, nhdtcop vdo chu6ng trdu. COng Sin thi hoinh hinh, quin rtQi thikh6ng nhdt trf, nhdn d6n thi mdt nidm tin...

TrUdc thtlc trang d6, Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ddng x€t thdycAn phdi drlng ra ctlu vdn tinh thd. Sau ngiy C6ch mang 01-11-1963 dAn dAn chinh phri Nguy6n-Ngoc-Thd de t6 ra bi'tlrlc vi mudn di sai lacl! tr/dng cfia cu6c C6ch meng 01-11-1963, vi vQy Qudn riy Dai ViQt qudc DAn Ddng de thuc hiencuQc chinh lf nghy 30-01-1964 vd mdi 6ng Nguy6n-T0n-Hodndang hlu vong tai Paris vd thinh lQp chinh phri. Trong hiccuQc tranh chdp giffa Phflt girio vi Thi6n Chfa gi6o cdngth6m trdm hongmi Nguy6n.Tbn-Hoin lai ld mQtrin d6Thi6nChf a gi6o. Hdn nfra theo drr do6n ctla Trung rldng Ding bQD4i ViQt Qudc D0n Ddng thi chidn s{ sE lan trin, m6t Thtitddng d6n srJ sE kh6 khdn trong viQc fng ph6 $p thdi vdi tinhhinh quin sU, do d6 Trung Udng Ding b0 vd Nguy6n-Tdn-Hoin dd quydt tlinh nh[dng chrlc Thri trrdng cho Trung tddngNguy6n-Khrlnh.

286 * D^r DON-KETDN.TI .OC

Nguy6n-Kh6nh ld mQt Trrdng 15nh kh6ng dt kh6 nlngvi tAm v6c dd huy dQng nhtrng ch6nh kh6ch c6 thrlc tdi,vivQy Nguy6n-T6n-Hoin ld ngrrdi tao dung l6n chinhphti D4iDohn kdt Oan tQc vdi c6c phAn tfi c6 dti mdu sdc, khuynhhudng chinh tri ra m6t ngdy 08-02-64.

- Tirri tudng chinh phfi: Nguy6n-Kh6nh (Trung trrdng)- Ph6 Thri tr/dng ddc tr6ch Binh dinh: Ong Nguy6n-T6n-

Hodn (DVQDD)- Ph6 Thri trrdng Kinh td tdi ch6nh: Gi6o srl Nguy6n-

Xudn Orinh ehat gido).- Ph6 Thfi trrdng VIn h6a Xd hOi: Thidu ttldng p6 Uau

(VNQDD).- Qudc vu khanh: B6c sl L6-vdn-Ho4ch (Cao Ddi).- Tdng tnrdng Ngo4i giao: Biic si Phan-Huy-Qurit

(EVQDD)- Tdng tnldng NQi vg: K! srl Hd-Thric-Kf (DVQDE).- Tdng rudng C6ng ch6nh: K! srlTrAn-Ngoc-Oinh .

- Tdng tnldng Gi6o duc: Girio stlBDi-Tddng-Hudn (PhQtgi6o)

- Tdng rddng Qudc phdng: Trung trrdng Trdn-ThiQn-Khi€m.

- Tdng trtrdng Cdi tidn N6ng Th6n: Nguy6n-C6ng-HAu(Hda H6o).

- Tdng ftUdngY td: B6c siVrrdng-Quang-Tnldng.- Tdng trddng Lao cl6ng: Dim-Si-Hidn (C6ng gi6o)- Tdng rddng Th6ng tin: Pham-Th6i (VNQDD).- Tdng tnrdng Kinh td: Au-Tnldng-Thanh.- Tdng trddng Trrphrip: Nguy6n-Van-MAu.- tdng ffidng Xd hOi:Trdn-Quang-ThuQn (PhQt gi6o)- Dic riy tnrdng Thanh ni6n Thd thao: Nguy6n-Vdn-

Kidu @VQDD).

BAr-vr E-T ondc- oAr'r.oAu c * 287

- BO tnlEng tai Phi Thri trrdng: Nghi€m-Xudn-H6ng.(DVDD)

Dd gidi tril rai hoa cho nhdn ddn do hfu qui nhdt copvdo chudng trdu, nhdt ciio vdo chu6ng gi cria Tlp dodn Nhu-DiQm Cdn Lao Nh0n Vi. Dai ViQt Qudc D6n D6ng rrong srlmang binh clinh n6ng thOn cria Ph6 Thri tudng Nguy6n-T6n-Hoin dd hoach dinh mQt chuong trinh l6u dii r6ng l6n nhXmti6u diQt nhflng con C6o, con Hd d6 ilrroc nhdt vio chudnggd, chudng tr0u, d6 ld nhfrng t6n CQng S6n xdm nhQp nlmVing md trong 9 nf,m Tdp doin Nhu-DiQm dd dung dudng.Dd thrrc hi6n chrrong rrinh d'y, Ph6 Thri ttrdng d6c triich binhdinh c6 quydn han phdi hop gitra b6y bO ld: eudc phdng, NQivu, C6ng ch6nh, Giao th6ng, Cii tidn N6ng th6n, Th6ng tin,Ngoai giao... Chdong trinh Binh dinh NOng th6n cria DaiVi6t Qudc DAn Ding v6n 1i6n tuc rhrrc hiQn dudi c6c danhhiQu: Binh clinh NOng th6n, Xdy dr/ng N6ng th6n, C6i tidnN6ng th6n, Philt tridn N6ng th6n... Khi cu6c chinh li wa kdtthfc, Dai Vi6i. Qudc Ddn Ding dd quydt dinh quy tg t6't ciciic Ding vi6n am hidu Vi6t cQng dd nghiOn crlu vd kdhoachchdng du kich Vi6t cQng.

Muc dich cfia Dai Vi6t Qudc D6n Ddng ld quydt t6mthr/c hien m6t cu6c Ci{ch mang Todn diQn cria ddn tQc vi tl6dd ra kdhoach thrlc hi€n ttng rrong tim, trlng thi didm nhdt lh6 nOng th6n. Til nhtrng nguy6n tdc chidn luqc dy, viQc dAuti6n cfia Ph6 Thri rrrdng ddc tr6ch Binh dinh li thhnh l6p n6nm6t cd quan dd td chrlc, rdn lrryQn mQt hing ngii C6n b0 c6tinh thdn Ciich mang , c6ly tddng qudc gia chdng CQng 16 rQt.Co quan d'y ld T6ng nha Cdn bO chinh tri NOng th6n do pham-Th6i Nguy6n-Ngoc-Thn limTdng Girim ddc. KhXp ciic Tinhb6 Dai Vi6t Qudc DAn Ding rr6n roin qudc ctng vdi c6c luclrrgng qudc gia chdng CQng kh6c d6u drroc y6u cAu lfp danh

288 * DAIDON-KETDNTI .0C

srich gidi thiQu cilc tuydn sinh C6n bQ Binh Chinh trf NOng

th6n. Hdng ngfr Thanh ni6n c6 tim huydt ddu da hdng hdi dr1

thi dd gia nhQp Crln bO Chinh tri N6ng th6n. Ci{c Trung tAmHudn luy6n drloc md ra, Trung tdm Hudn luyQnTrung rrdnghic ddu sfr dung doanh trai chung vdi Tnrdng B0 binh ThtiDfc, sau ddi vd V[ng Tiu do Ho]i-Sdn Ung-Nggc-Ngtriaphu tr6ch, Trung tAm Hudn luyQn midn Tdy t4m thdi dat taiM! Tho do Vi6t-Huy Nguy6n-Dinh-Huy phu tr6ch, TrungtAm 6 midn Trung ddt tai Phan Rang do Minh- NhQt Tnrong-Dung-Khi vd Hohng-Xudn-Nam phu tri{ch. Trung-tdm 6 Huddo Hohng-Vhn-Hidn vd Nguy6n-Vdn-Lf phu tr6ch. C6cTrungtdm Hudn luyQn Crin b0 Chinh trl NOng th6n dio tao n6nmOt dOi ngfi C5n bO c6 dfi kha ndng vd qudn srr vh chinh tri,mOt loai qu6n dQi nh6n dAn t6n ddn, cDng f,n, cing d, cingldm, cirng chidn ddu vdi d6ng bio 6 Th6n X6m. ViQt CQngc[ng dd thrldng thila nhfln li chrrong tfinh Binh dinh NOngrh6;da khidn.to viet c6ng kh6ng c6 dtroc hat mudi <ld mdin.

Tt 2 nguy6n tdc chidn ldoc ctia chddng trinh Binh dinhNOng th6n ld Hgp Nhdt vd Thi Didm. C6c B0 thuQc Phfi Ph6fhfi iudng Binh dinh phii nhm trong mQt hQ thdng chi huy,ldnh dao ch4t ch6 nhd't ld cr4c B0 NOi vu @i-Thric-Ky,Ldm-Van-Phdt), B0 Qudc phdng Grdn-ThiQn-Khi6m), BQ Thanhni€n (D4c tiy tnrdng Nguy6n-Vdn-Kidu)...

Citc cdcdu td chrlc vd chttong trinh, kdhoach Binh dinhNOng th6n niy vd sau drrqc mQnh danh ld BQ Xay drlng NOngth6n do Nguy6n-Tdt-Llng thlng dAu. Sau khi Nguy6n-Tdt-Ung b1 tfi nan m6y bay, Thidu ttldng Nguy6n-Drlc-Thdngthay thd gifi chrlc vu Tdng trudng.

Vi thuQc thenh phAn chinh ydu ngay tt tric clAu, n6n nhidunoi, nhi6u Tinh nhrr Phri YOn, Thila Thi6n ...85Vo Crin bQ Xdy

DArvET or.6c. oAH.oAr,t c * 289

dtrng NOng th6n li Ding vi€n Dai ViQt eudc Ddn Ddng.Nhffng Tinh nhtr Qu6ng Tri, Thta Thi6n, Binh Dinh, phfYCn, Ninh Thu6n, Vinh Long,Ldm Ddng, Tuy6n-Drl,c;ViQtCQng d5 tilng tuy6n bdkhuydn khich: "Gidt duoc mQt C6nb0 Xdy dung N6ng th6n li gidt duoc m6t D6ng vi€n Dai ViQtQudc DOn Ddng li trr] duoc qui min dinh hddng nhm ngaytrong ldng cria hdng ngfl ViQt CQng"... Chinh phri do Nguy6n-Tbn-Hodn thdnh 16p li mQt chinh phri Dai Dodn Kdt D6nT6c vi chdng cQng. Bdi vi quy rU drroc hdu hdt c6c chinhkhrich hfru danh, htu Ai cfia cilc TOn gido, Chinh cl6ng chdngCQng, Phat gi6o, COng gi6o, Cao Ddi, Hda H6o... Ngodi DaiVi6t Qudc Ddn Ddng trong chinhphfl cdn cd Vi6tNam eudcDdn D6ng do Thidu rrrdng p6-fr{0u vd pham-Th6i ilai diQn.Trong thdi ky chdng Nhu-DiQm, Vier Nam eudc D0n D6ngdd thhnh ldp n6n chidn khu Nam Ng6i. Khi thdnh lQp chinhphri, Pham-Thdi ld ngrrdi dai diQn cho ViQt Nam eudc D6nD6ng 6 Chidn khu Nam Ngii, vi vdy L6-Dinh-Duy6n li ngrrditnlc tidp tham gia Chidn khu 6'y gifr chri'c vu Ddng lf \trnphdng vd ciic chrlc vq quan rrong rrong BO Th6ng tin ddu doD6ng vi6n Vi€t Nam Qudc Ddn Ddng ndm giff.

Nghi6m-Xudn-Hdng ld dai di6n cho Dai ViQt Duy D6nc5 srl dd ddu cfia Thuong tga Thich-TAm-ChAu.

V6 phrrong diQn nQi bQ cria Dai ViQt eudc D6n Ddng,Nguy6n-T6n-Hodn ftc {y h Ph6t ng6n vi6n cfia Ding n6ngiflchrlc vu Ph6 Thri trrdng. Xf b0 Bdc Vier dudc dai diQn b6iPhan-Huy-Qu5t gif,chtlc vu Tdng rUdngNgo4i giao. XrlbQTrung Viet Ha-Thric-Ky, Tdng tnrdng NOi vu. Xrl bO NamViQt vd Thanh ni€n 86o qudc theo du dinh cria Ddng thiTrdn-Vdn-Xu6n sC gif, chrlc vu Tdng fudng Cii tidn NOngth6n vd Nguy6n-vdn-Kidu gifichrlc vu D{c riy tn]dng Thanhni6n Thd thao. Nhrrng vi tinh ch6't Dai Dodn Kdt D0n T6c,

290 * D4\I DOAN-K6'IDNiI .'OC

n6n BQ cii tidn N6ng th6n phdi nhrrdng lai cho Hda H6o'NhrlvQy td trong nOi bO Dai ViQt Qudc DAn Ding tl6 c6 m,Qt

sg s{p xdp ta't "6ng

biing vd dAy srlc khdn khit dodn kdt l5nnhau.

Hon m6t thr{ng sau khi thdnh lQp NQi c6c, vi srlphin bQicria Nguy6n-Khdnh, n6n Hd-Thric-Kf dd ddn phddng mdutoan lQl dd Nguy6n-Khi{nh. Nhtlng cd muu bt tidt tQ n6n Hh-Thfc-Kf phdi til chfc Tdng tnldng B0 NQi vu 04-04-1964'L;frc dy Thidu trrdng Ldm-V5n-Ph6t dd tuy6n thQ gia nhflpD6ng ndm gitr BO NOi vu thay cho Hh-Thric-K!. Mgi co cduvd chtlc vu trong 86 v6n gifr nguy6n nhrlc[.

Thdi ky niy cd quan ng6n lufln cria D6ng ld nhQt b6oDoin Kdt, Dudc ViQt vi Tudn b6o Tu Quydt, Tda soan ctianhQt b6o Dodn Kdt 6 drrdngV6 T6nh Sii Gdn dugc xem nhdld Van phbng Li6n lac cria Trung udng Ding bQ.

MQt phi6n hop NOi ciic thu hqp nh0n vu mdy bay quinsrlciia Qudn luc ViQt Nam CQng hda rdi 6 Kampuchea, Thidutrldng Nguy6n-van-ThiQu dang gitlchrlc w Tham mrtu tnldngli6n qu6n 6 BO Tdne Tham muu QLVNCH drroc mdi thamdu, fhidu ttrdng ThiQu ddn drJ dring theo 16 nghi qu6n c6ch,c6 doin mO tO hQ tdng.

Trong hic moi ngddi dang chri t6m vio cuQc hop,Nguy6n-Kh6nh d6ng d4c phdt bidu mQt cdch chri dQng: "HiQngia Canh sdt Qudc gia khOng cd ngudi trOng nom, Thidufirdng ThiQu nAn qua girt chtc v4 Chi huy Cdnh sdt ld th{chhqp ldm !..)'

Ph6 Thri trrdng Nguy6n-Tbn-Hodn d6 thdu 16 tham ! c:0,a

Nguy6n-Kh6nh nOn v6i ng[n chQn lai ngay: "..-Thidu ttdng

Dfl -ur E-T oudc-oAH -oAn c * 291

ThiQu ld m6t ngudi th1ng minh, quyin bidn...tdi ndng nhuvdy nAn dd phuc vu cho qudn dQi vdi chrtc vu Tham mtrutru&ng LiAn qudn, cdn Cdnh sdt ta nAn fim nhdn su khdc..."

Bi Ph6 Thri trrdng Nguy6n-T6n-Hodn phin rtdi Nguy6n-I(hrlnh ddnh phdi hfiy b6 muu dd diQu hd ly son dy.

Nhf,ng du mrru phin lai clrrdng tdi Oai Doin I(dt O6nT6c cfia Nguy6n-Kh6nh cdng ngiy cdng qur4 lQ li6u. Nguy6n-Kh6nh ban hdnh Hidn Chuong Vlng Tiu, r6i lai trr hriy b6.Cdn crl vio nhflng hdnh dQng b6't chinh dy, Ph6 Thfi ttrdngNguy6n-T6n-Ho)n dd c6ng khai 16n rlnThfi rddng Nguy6n-Kh6nh, vi v6y Nguy6n-Kh6nh d5 tim dfi moi c6ch dd trlrcxudt Nguy6n-T6n-Hoin vd Nguy6n-Ngoc-Huy ra kh6i nrldcvdo Thi{ng 9-1964.

292 * DATDON-K6'IDN{ .OC

u. cONG-cuOc rEt-HOPpnUdruG-THUC oAu-TRANH

ToAN oAuo toe64>

Trong thdi gian tU 1955 d6n 1963' vi bQ m6y mQt vUCOng an cld ki6m kep ldm tO liQt moi hoat dQng ctra c6c ChinhDeng Qudc gia. Cl,c cdp ldnh clao cfia Dai ViQt Qudc DdnD6ng mQt phAn hlu vong 6 hii ngo4i, phAn cbn 14i 6 qudc nQi

li ti6u didm cfia c6c ltlc hrgng C6ng an mdt vU. SU gap gd,giao thiQp trong cdc chinh d6ng qudc gia th6t la kh6 khdn, trdngai.

Nhrrng srr hoat dQng cfia Dai ViQt Qudc DAn D6ng vdncdn dudc 1i6n tgc nhd vdo phrlong c6ch d6'u tranh mdi quyvdo nhffng trung tdm, tU didm nh6. M6i trung tim, tU didm a'yqua m6t thdi gian ddi lai ndy sinh ra nhtrng phuong thri'c ddutranh mdi c6 mdu s6c khdc nhau. Vl vQy ngay sau khi B0 chihuy Chinh 1), 30-01-1964 vrla hoin tt't cuQc hinh qudn thi taiu rha't cria L6-\Dn-HiQp d dudng Nhdn Vi (ngd Sdu ChoLdn), cl,c dingviCn trong Trung rldng Ding bQ ctng vdi L6-Vin-HiQp (Gia HiQp) vd HDng-Nguy6n Nguy6n-Ngoc-Huydd bdn tlinh vdi Tnrdng-Nguy0n (Tnldng-Til-Thi6n) vi Minh-Nhflt (Tnrong-Dgng-Khi) vd vi6c kdt hgp thdng nhdt phuongthrlc ddu tranh cfia todn Ding bhng cdch quy tU 14i hdt c5ctrung tdm, tU didm cria Ding dang rdi rac, 16 t6..'vd di ddnquydt dinh lh thinh Cg Tnrdng-BQi-Hoing (Thdn sinh cfiaDing Tnrdng), Cd vdn Tdi cao cria Ding vio Thri dO SaiGdn <td lo c6ng cuOc kdt hqp dy. Chi b0 Ding tnrdng dugc

DAt-uET ouoc-oAu.oAr'rc * 293

giao tr6ch nhi6m thinh Cu Cd va'n Tdi cao. Vdi hodn cinhthdi gian biTdt Nguy6n Diin ldm giiin doan, n6n trUdc khivdo Thri dO dd lo c6ng cu6c kdt hqp, Cu Cdvdn Tdi Cao gfriddn todn tfrd Oing vi6n m6t Hi6u tri6u k6u goi su kdt hopch6t che ftong c6ng cu6c ddu rranh mdi, kBm theo bdn hiQutri6u ld m6t vf,n thrr cria Nguy6n-T6n-Hohn rhay m[t Trungrrdng nh6c nhd todn thd Ding vi6n vd vi6c n6i bQ.

Ddn trung tudn th6ng 2-1964, Cu Cd vdn Tdi Cao vdoddn Thri dO Sai Gdn, CU dd th6n hinh tidp xric, dhm dao vditilng tQp thd, tdng ci{ nh6n Ding vi6n hof,c rilng tflp thd ddnvdn an vd ddm dao v6i Cu tai nhffng dia didm duoc quy dinhtrddc, nhu tflp thd Si quan Tnldng Luc Qu6n y€n Biii, Siquan Lac TriQu, Iftu b0 TrAn-Cao-Qudc v.v...Ngodi dia didmd drrdng Hai Bd Trung cdn duoc quy dinh m6t dia didm kh6c6 dudng Phan-Thanh-Giin Sdi Gdn dd c6c Ding vi6n ddng{p CU CdVa'n. Lric bdy gid t4i Tht dO Sdi Gdn, ngotri srlkdthop ch[t ch6 trong hdng ngfl Ding vi6n hi6n dang tham chiinh,cdn c6 rdt nhidu tQp thd D6ng vi6n hoic nhffng c6 nh6n ri6ngbiQt.

MOt tflp thd c5 sU kdt hgp d6ng d6o quy ru chung quanh. a, - aciic dring vi€n Trdn-Vln-Xudn (Thanh ni€n 86o qudc), D6

An, chi Ce T6...Cdc diing vi6n L6-Thf,ng, Nguy6n-Dinh-Luy6n, D d ng-Dinh-Nh4, Vdong-Hfru-Dr1c, Trinh-euang-Qu!, Nguy6n-Ngoc-Thriy, Pham-Xu6n-Chidu, Ng6-Gia-Hy,Phan-vin-Chdm (ChAm Phu) cflng rhr/dng hay sinh hoat vditfp thd niy, nh6m Nhdt b6o Hdnh DOng cfia Br)i-Anh-Ti.r6'nt6 ra thich hdp vdi tQp thd niy vi cing chung khuynh hrrdngthdn PhQt gi:io.

MQt sd crlu Sl quan Trddng LUc Qu6n y6n Bdi kh6nghgp tric cing Dd-Long Nguy6n-eudc-Xring n€n da kdt hgp

294 * DAr DOAN-KETDNTI .0c

vdi sdDeng vi6n kh6ng phii ln Lgc QudnYOn Br{i g6m c6:Dio-NhQrTidn, Phu*-Vhn-Li6u, Nguy6n-Tdt-tJng, Nguy6n-Dinh-Tti, Nguy6n-Vhn-Hing (To4i bqp), L0 -Dr1c-HQi, Trdn-Kim-Phugng, Ng6-Huy-Chrlong, Nguy6n-Ngoc-Thiii,Nguy6n-Vdn-Khang (Hde), L6-vdn-Hudn, D[ng-Vdn-Dev.v...

C6c ding vi6n Ding-VEn-Sung, BDi-Di6m, Cung-Dinh-Quj', Nguy6n-Dinh-T4i, Pham-Dlng-Cdnh (Biy C6nh),Nguy6n-Tidn-Hf , Phan-Kh6c-Sfru v.v..thi v6n hoat dQng vditinh c6ch c6 nhdn. vt6i ddng viOn kd tr6n ddu ld mQt tu didmgdm nhfrng Ding vi6n c[ ho4c Ding vi6n mdi kdt nap trongthdi hq NgO tai vi.

Qua c6c cuQc tidp xric rQng ldn cfia Cu CdVdn Tdi Caocria Ddng, hdt thiy cdc tQp th€, c6rc ci{ nhdn ddu t6 ra tdtnhiQt thdnh vi Ding vu, triQt cld trung thdnh vdi Ding vdiChfi nghla Ddn tOc Sinh tdn vi quydt tAm b6o v€ srldodn kdtnOi bO. Trong nhtrng cuQc tidp xric, hAu hdt ci{c vtrdng m6c,udn khric trong n6i bO Ding d6u drroc gi6i bny thanh th6a.Til viQc hing cring cfia MUdi Hrldng, viQc Thanh ni6n 86oqudc, viQc dQt kich vdo Thanh H6a tldn viQc Ding k!', viQc[dt nop vdi ViQt Nam Qudc DAn D6ng ddu drrgc n6u ra ddphdn tich, dlm d4o. Nhfrng viQc c5 li€n quan thi Nguy6n-Tbn-Hodn cfing thrldng hiQn diQn dd cing gi6i thich, b]rn ludn...Phdn nhi6u ld L6-VIn-HiQp dai dien dd gi6i thich.

Tnrdc khi Cu Cd vdn tdi Cao trd v6 Phri YOn, Nguy6n-TOn-Hodn dE td chrlc mOt budi hgp t4i Tudinh 6 dudng HaiBi Tnrng Shi Gbn vdi muc dich ld gidi thiQu 16n Cg CdvdnTdi cao mQt sdding vi0n trong Trung udng Ding b0 thdi bdygid. Tham dU budi hgp g6m c6 ddy dri cdc <ting vi6n hiQndang tham ch6nh nhr/: Hd-Thtic-Kf (Tdng tn/dng NQi vu),

DAFUE-T odc-oAu-sAuc * 29s

Eoin-Thrii pdng lf Vin phdng BO NOi vu), Nguy6n-Ngoc-Huy @dng lf Vdn phdng ph6 Thfi tudng Binh itinhi, t tguy6n-vdn-Kidu @dc tiy trudng Thanh ni6n Thd thao), pnam-inaiNguy6n-Ngoc-Tdn (Tdng Girim ddc C6n bO Binh rlinh)... vimOt sdci{c d6ng vi6n kh6ng rham chinh nhrr: Trdn-ViQr-Sdn(Th6i mi), Nguy6n-v[n-Tai (Thanh-Tai), L6-v[n-HiQp (GiaHiQp), Drlong-vdn-Li6n v.v... Nguy6n-T6n-Hoin (ph6 Thfitddng Binh dinh) cl6 trinh trong gidi thi€u l6n Cq Cdva.nTdiCao tUng ding vi6n mQt ci qu€ qu6n vi chrlc vu. Sau phAngidi rhi6u cria Nguy6n-T6n-Hoin. Dd tr6 ldi c6u h6i dudc d6tra, Nguy6n-Vbn-Kidu da fl/gidi rhi6u ld ngddi cria Trdn-vln-Xudn vi qui quydt cam kdt rhng: TrAn-Vbn-Xu6n sd dlkhOngc5 mf,t li vi mudn nhrfv6y, mudn tao mQt loi thdtrrong lai choD6ng chrf hodn todn kh6ng c6 srrdi bi6t nio vd t4p tnldng, trrtrldng c6.

ViQc Ding k!'c0ng drloc n€u l6n, b6i vi sau Ci{ch mang01-11-1963, nhdm V[-H6ng-Khanh c6 td chrfc mQt cuQcmeeting tai vudn Tao Ddn dd trrdng ni6m Nguy6n-Th6i-Hocvd ciic li€t sT. Br{o chi Shi Gdn x6n xao d4t nghi v6.n tai saoV[-Hdng-Khanh trrdng niQm Nguyen-Thrti-Hoc mi kh6ngding Ding k)'cria Nguy6n-Thrli-Hoc nfra d6, nt?a vhng, x6ongangmh lai sfidung Dingkj'cta DaiViQteudc DdnD6ngndn d6, vbng xanh, sao tr6ng. Phi6n hop c6 nh0n x6t li: Nh6mcfia V[-I{dng-Khanh mudn loi dung danh ngtria cfia MitTrQnQudc Ddn D6ng. Vi Ding k! cria Dai ViQt eudc D6n D6ngc0ng dd sfr dung chung cho Mat Tr{n eudc Ddn D6ng, g6mc6 Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding, ViQt Nam eudc D6n D6ng viDai ViQt Ddn Chinh cria Nguy6n-Trrdng-Tam. Ngiy nay,nhSm cfia Vt-Hdng-Khanh vdi danh nghia ri6ng tu ma sudung Ding k!' cfia Dai Viet eudc D6n Eing li mQr s{ lamdUng...Vi lai ndu Nguy6n-Thr{i-Hoc vd c6c IiQt si c6 linhthi€ng chdc li khOng thUa nhdn vi 16 mi{u xudng cria Nguy6n-

296 * DAIDON-KfTDNIQC

Thrii-Hoc vh ciic liQt sl dd tuOng ra, dd hy sinh ld dudi ngoncd nfra d6, nfla vdng, x6o ngang.

Nguy6n-T6n-Hodn kdt 1u0n : - V iQ t N am Qudc D dn D dn g

h m\t chtnh ddng hdu nhu c1ng khai, cdn Dqi ViAt QudcDdn Ddng ctla chilng m vdn cdn girt nguyAn tdc bi mQt, hiQn

bdy gid chting ta cdn nhidu viAc quan tQng hon' Vdi.Iich sft

"iai" crta Vi-Hdng-Khanh sd nhan thdy rd st sai ldm vd sd

tq ht)y b6. Cdi gi ci; N guydn'Thdi-Hoc hdv trdvi cho Nguydn-Thdi-Hqc.

MOt vdi nguy6n t6c cria Chfi nghla DAn tQc Sinh t6ncfrng dtldc ntrdc tai vdi muc dich li nh6c nhd c6'c cdp Ddngvi6n phii chri 1i 6p dgng cho drloc drlng ddn, nghiCm tfc vd

chinh xdc.

MQt vhi didu trong Ding quy cfing drrgc n6ul6n cld Trungddng D6ng bQ nghiOn crtu vi quan tim tdi ng6 hAu c6 thd sfia

ddi cho hdp vdi thdi cuQc.

Phi€n hgp dd kdt thric trong suthio luQn s6i ndi vd kh6ngddu cluoc srl n6n nao cta c6c Ding vi6n dang chdp chdnhnhrr Tdng tnrdng NQi vu Hh-Thric-kf , Edng lf Vdn phdngpnO fnriirrOng Nguy6n-Nggc-Huy. Ri6ng L€-vdn-Hi6p v6n

cdn h[ng say th6o lufn vdi c6c'Jilng vi6n cdn dang qudyquAn xung quanh Cu CdVdn Tdi cao vh Nguy6n-T6n-Hoin'

oArvET orfc-oAn.oAuo * 297

ilr. Luc Lu,oNG OUoC-GIATH6NG.rtHAr

Ngay sau khi thinh 10p chinh phri Dai Dodn fdt O6nTOc, Dai Vlgt qudc DAn Ddng dd xric tidn vi€c hinh thenhmQt td chfc ngoai vi bao gdm hdt thdy c6c cloin thd chinh trivi c6c t6n gi6o drloc m6nh danh li: Lrrc Lrrong eudc giaThdng nhdt. tudinh cria ph6 Thri rrrdng Nguy6n-T6n-Hoin6 dudng Hai Bi Tnlng, Sdi Gbn d5 dudc ding ldm noi tU hQicta ciic doin thd, t6n gir{o...Rdng rd hon hai thring trdi, daidi6n c6c t6n gi6o: Hba H6o, Cao Ddi, ph6t gi6o, Tt i6n Chfa,Tin Linh...ciic doin thd chinh rri nhrr: Vi€t Nam phuc eudcHQi, NhAn Xd Ddng, Vi6t Nam Qudc DAn Ddng, Dai ViQtDuy DAn, Dai ViQt Qu6'c Ddn Ding...nh6n nhip lui tdi, hQihop dd soan thio chinh cddng didu lQ, hoach clinh drrdng ldi,chri truong hdnh dQng.

Ddn ngdy Lz-l-lg64,Lrrc Luong d6 chinh thrfc ra m6tt4i rap Qudc Thanh, dudngV6-Tr{nh Sdi Gdn, LrIc LrIdng tl6bdu nhi Ci{ch mang l5o thdnh Nguy6n-ThdTruydn nm Cnritich cfia Chfi tich doin vd Ph6 Thfi rddng Nguy6n-T6n-Hoinli ldng ThrIky cfia Luc LuQng .

Cd cria LrJc Lr/ong ld:

Ndn ving hinh chfr nh{t 6 gi8a cd mQt vbng trdn miudo.

298 * Dt\t DoIN-KfrIDANTIQC

Sau 16 ra mdt cria Ldc LrrQng 6 Sai Gdn, til nhidu diaphrrdng cdc td chf'c, dodn thd nhin ddn ddn dfp gdi kidnnghi, iliQn vin vd dd xin gia nhfp L{c LuQng. Nh0tb6o Doinfdt Oa trd thanh cd quan NgOn 1u4n cria Lrrc LtrQng'

DAr-uET otfc.oAu-oAuc * 299

e??tofurE INSONG srfu rirur ctt

DAt-,fiLr qudc DAN-oAnc

300 * um.Itlcom niuncurrovoEo

DArvE-T orfc- oAH.sAu c * 301

NHUNe slENr uinu cOnDAr -vrEr oudc-oAl-oAruo

Sau khi ban hdnh Hidn Chudng Vfrng Tdu, bi Dai ViQtQudc DAn Ddng c6ng khai phin ddi, Nguy6n-Kh6nh sinh ratht hin Eai ViQt Qudc Ddn D6ng n6n tim chi moi lj do cldtruc xu6't Nguy6n-T6n-Hoin vd Nguy6n-Ngoc-Huy ra kh6inrJdc...

Ngdy 26th6,ng9 ndm l964,Thndng HQi d6ng eudc giaJ.

^ . --ra mf,t gom c6 17 vi. Dai di6n cho Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding

li girio srl Thac sI Ng6-Gia-Hy vd B6c si Nguy6n-Dinh-Luy6n, hai vi ndy ddu thuQc Xf BO BXc ViQt cria Dai ViCtQudc Ddn Ding; do Trdn-Van-Xu6n tidn cfi qua Chri tichHD/QLCM Dtrong Vdn Minh.

Ngdy 24 th6,ng 10 ndm 1964,-thddng HQi d6ng eudcgia tuydn nhi6m Cu Phan-Khdc-Stru ldm Qudc-Trudng.

Ngiy 30 thring 10 nam 1964, Qudc-TrUdng Phan-Kh6c-Sfru mdi girio srrTrAn-Vdn-Hr/dng rhdnh l6p chinh phri.

Chinh phri Trdn-Van-Hrlong bi rip lt/c Ph{t girlo phii tUchr1c, chinh phri Phan-Huy-Qurit bimdu thu6n nQi b0 vd vi6cbd nhiQm dinh phdi trao quydn lai cho QuAn dQi trddc srrngdngdng cria Qudc trddng Phan-Khdc-Srlu (11-6-1965) vi Thidutr-Idng Nguy6n-Cao-Kj,thdnh l6p NQi ciic Chidn tranh (19-6-1965). Trung tddng Nguy6n-vdn-ThiQu drroc qudn dQi crlgifrchrlc vq Chri tich Iiy ban Linh dao Qudc gia, Trung tudngPham-Xudn-Chidu Tdng rhrrkf , Nguy6n Nggc Thriy phu trl.

302 * }lnrflc nm nhm cun ovoDo

Qua mQt thdi gian ngdn Qudn <lOi lai tuyOn bdtd chrlc bAu cfiQudc hOi LQp hidn dd di <ldn m6t chinh quydn dln sy. Sdchtdt02ll66vdO22/66ngdy 19-6- 1966 dndinh viQc thdnh lQp

Qudc HQi LQp Hidn vi ngiy bAu cfi ld 11 thring 9 ndm 1966'Do d6 c6c chinh ding phdi chudn bi dd tham gia c6ng khai.Trong thdi gian trin dAy nhffng bidn cd ddn dQp nhau, DaiViQt Qudc Ddn Ding c6 hai srr bidn hinh li: Tdn Dai Viet vaDaiViQt CrichM4ng.

t. TAN DAtUETVi c6 mdu thu6n vdi Nguy6n-Khiinh, Nguy6n-T6n-Hodn

vd Nguy6n-Nggc-Huy xudt ngoai sang NhQt bin. Qua thdigian ba thdng, Nguy6n-Tbn-Hodn di thing sang Ph6p dd sdngcuOc ddi lrtu vong. Nguy6n-Ngoc-Huy tr6lai ViQt Nam, cDng

vdi vii ba tl6ng ,ien OVqOD thuQc Xtl BO Mi6n Nam phdbidn B4ch-Thun6i vd viQc nQi b0 cfia Ding.

Ddn ngdy t4-ll-L964. mQt sd cl6ng vi€n thu6c Xrlb0Mi6n Nam Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding, hQi hop t4i s6 Z6 drrdngH{u Giang ChQ Ldn quydt dinh thinh 16p Ding Tdn DaiViQt, v6n chdp nhQn Chri nghia DAn tOc Sinh t6n lim chirthuydt cldu tranh vd Ding Tn/6ng Truong-Tt?-Anh ld vi Ldnhtu m6 ldi, xdy ilUdng... (Binh mdi nrdu c0).

Ding Thn D4i ViQt hic ddu drrgc quAy quAn xung quanhc6c dingviOn : Phan-Th6ng-Thi o (trfc LC -Qudc-Hfng), LO -Vdn-HiQp (Gin HiQp), Nguy6n-Ngoc-Huy, Pham-Thi{iNguy6 n-Ngo c-Tdn, DUong-Vd n-Li€ n, Trd n-Minh-Dfi ng,Hodng-Xu6n-Nam, E6ng-Tuy, Trdn-vdn-Chi€u (Trgng-Nghia), Nguy6n-Van-Tai (Thanh-Ta i), Phan-Trong-Nhdn,Hoii-Son v.v...

Ding Thn Dai Viet de c6 mQt sd ding vi€n ddc cfr vdo

DAr -vr iT ouir:-onr'r.oAru c * sos

Qudc hQi LQp Hidn.

Ddn nam 1967,DingTAn DaiViQt dtra ra li6n danhri,ngcfiTdng thdng, dd'u hi6u ed Cau do Tnrdng-Dinh-Dzu Tdngthdng vh Trdn-Vdn-Chi6u Ph6 Tdng thdng cDng ba li€n danirThUdng nghi viQn d6u mang dd'u hi6u g6 Cau do c6c d6ngvi6n Pham-Thdi, Trong-Nhon, Htng-Nguy6n thu riy. Li6ndanhTdng thdng c6 sdphidu hang nhi vd ba liOn danhThUongvi€n ddu tht't cfr.

Ngiy 20-04-1969, m6t td chrlc ngoai vi drloc ra cldi, d6lA Phong Trdo Qudc Gia Cdp Tidn do Gii{o sd Nguy6n-vdn-B6ng ldm Chfi tich, Giiio srr Nguy6n-Ngoc-Huy ldm TdngThLI kli. (Girio su Nguy6n-Vdn-B6ng ld mQr c6m rinh vi€ncria Dai ViQt Qudc DAn D6ng, tr) ltic cdn du hoc rai phrip).Giiio srr Nguy6n-Vln-Ng6n ldm phd Tdng Thu lqf . Try sdcria Phong trio 6 sd t6+ drrdng phan-Dinh-phing, eu{n 3Sdi Gdn, noi d6y cfrng ld Tda soan cria cd quan ng6n luQn ldNh{t brio Ca'p Tidn vd Nguy6t San C6'p Tidn. Cric cdp ldnhdao cria Phong Trio ddu ld nhfrng giiio srrc6 day d Hoc vi6nQudc Gia Hinh Chrinh n€n dd thu hft drroc mQt sdd6ng sinhvi6n mi khi ra trudng ho ld nhffng vi6n chfc hinh ch6nh tr]cdp QuQn Ph6 trd l6n Trung Uong...

Til n[m 1968, giiio suNguy6n-Ngoc-Huy li nh6n vi6nctia Phrii dodn VNCH tham du hda ddm paris; Ddn ndm 1973li nhAn vi6n cria phdi dodn thudng thuydt Le Celle SainrCloud. Qudc ddn dd bidt drroc m6t phdn nio vd lfp rnrdng,thdi d0 cfia Tdn Dai ViQt cfrng nhrlphong trio eudc gia C6.pTidn qua gi6o srl Nguy6n-Ngoc-Huy tai c6c cuQc hda dim,thrlOng thuydt 6'y.

CuOc bdu cfi Ha Nghi viQn ph6p nhiQm 7t-75, DringTdn Dai Viet da drra nhidu cl6ng vi6n vh c6m rinh vi6n ra

304 * umjrc nfiu niun cun ovQED

tranh cfr vi d6 dic crt khd quan.

Tdn Dai ViQt v6n trung thdnh vdi nguy6n ticBimQt cfiaDAi ViQt Qudc DAn Ding, chi c6 td chrlc ngoai vi li Phongfrao Qudc Gia Cdp Tidn mdi hop thrlc h6a theo quy chdch6nh cl6ng mi th6i.

il. DAr VIET CACH MANGTnldc hiQp dinh GenEve (1954), Xf B0 Trung Viet cta

Dai ViQt Qudc Din Ding dtrdc xem nhu do Hd-Thric-Kflim Xrf-Tnrdng bao gdm c6c Tinh Qu6ng-Tri, ThUa-Thi6n,Hudvd mQt phdn cria Tinh Quing-Nam. Hi-Thtic-Ky cfingld mQt trong nhfing c6n bQ cao cdp cria Dai ViQt Qudc DAnDing Oa Uictrintr quydn Ng0-Dinh-DiQm giam cAm lAu ngdyntrdt. Vi v{y, khi Nguy6n-T6n-Hodn thinh lflp chinh phri,Hi-Thric-Ki drrgc giao nhiQm vU quan trong nhdt ld Tdng-Tnrdng NOi-vu. Nhdn danh Tdng-Irtrdng NQi-vtl Hi-Thtic-fy Aainan hdnh <ldn tan ffai giam tnrc tidp md cfia th.a mOt sd

can nhAn bi giam gifrtiltrudc; 86o chi vi dtlluQn quAn chringrdt x6n xao vd hdnh dQng ndy. Tidp dd He-Thric-Kf 14i binth6o viQc tat dd Nguy6n-Kh6nh vdi m6t si quan cdp T6 (bQc

thdp), vi€n sI quan nhy 14i td c6o str vu; Nguy6n-Kh6nh dddnng bXng chrlng {y ddbuQc Hd-Thric-Kf ph6i tUchti'c Td,g-Trrldng NOi-vU ngdy 4-4-1964' Thidu-tUdng LAm-Vdn-Ph6t(tin ding vi€n D4i ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding) cltlgc cfi thay thd,ngodi ra kh6ng c6 stJ thay ddi nhdn srJ nio khdc.

Ngdy 25-12-196[ khoing 30 D6ng vi6n D4i Viet QudcDAn Ding, phAn d6ng li nhf,ng ding vi6n 6 cdc Tinh Tri,Thi6n, Hud quy tq t4i trr thdt Hd-Thric-Kf 6 TAn-Dinh SiiGbn gdm cO: Ha-tnric-Ky, Hoing-Xudn-Tifu, Nguy6n-V[n-Ngai, TrAn-ViQt-S dn, Doi n-Thdi, Nguy6n-Vd n-Trung, TOn-

fndt-Td, 1.6-Dinh-Cai, Nguy6n-Ly-Tudng, Pham-Nam-S6ch,

Dfl-uE-T oudc.oAu.oArue * 30s

TrAn-Hfiu-ThUc, Nguy6n-VIn-Kim, Nguy6n-Dai-Thanh,Nguy6 n-Va n-Quii n, Nguy6n-VI n-Mdn, Tr)-B Q -euynh v. v...

CuQc hop ndy chinh thrlc thdnh l{p Dai ViQt C6ch Mangc5 danh xung dhi ddng ld: Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding chritnrdng Cdch mang goi tdt ld Dai ViQt Ciich mang kdtqc truydnthdng Tnrong-Tfl-Anh, chdp nhdn Chfi nghia DAn tQc Sinhtdn ld kim chi nam cfia Ding. Trong khi th6o lufn vd DAngdanh, Doin Thdi da n6u l6n quan-ni6m vd thdng nha't. Ha-Thric-Kf da t6 rhdi ct6 chdng ddi. TU d6 vd sau Dodn-Thdikh6ng cdn c6ng t6c vdi Hi-Thric-K1i ntra.

Dai Vi6t C6ch mang cflng c5 drra D6ng vi6n ra tranh cfIQudc hQi Ldp hidn vd hdu hdt ddu itdc cfr.

Ndm 1967, Dai ViQt Ciich mang ra tranh cfi v6i m6t li6ndanh Tdng thdng li Hd-Thtic-Kf (Tdng thdng), Nguy6n-v[n-Dinh (Ph5 Tdng thdng), ddu hiQu B6ng Lria cing vdi 2li6ndanh ThrJong Nghi vi6n cing dd'u hiQu BOng Lfa. Kdt quili6n danh Tdng thdng thdr cfr vd m6r li6n danh Thrrong viQnB6ng Lria dudc d6c cfr do K! srt Nguy6n-Ngqc-Kf thU riy.Ngny 04-01-1910, m6r Dai h6i duoc tri€u t6p rai Nhi hlngB6t Dat Cho Ldn gdm Dai bidu c6c Tinh D6ng b6 tr6n todnl6nh thd Vi€t Nam CQng hda.

Trong du thiio Ding quy mdi, ldy cd ln euy ChdchinhDing buQc ph6i c5 danh xrlng ng6n gon. NOn chi ding danhxdng Dai Vi6t Cdch MAng, kh6ng cdn dii ddng nhu rl6ngquy nim 1965.

Do d6, Dai HQi dd rh6ng qua m6t Ding quy mdi v6iding danh li Dai Viet C6ch mang vd ild hop thfc h6a theoqui chd chi{nh ding, li mQt Ch6nh Ding hoat tlQng c6ng

306 * unuuc mfut nim curr ovoEo

khai, hop ph6p, hgp tridn... Ddng qui niy chdp nh{n theodinh chd Chti tich vd Dai hQi cfrng dd bdu Hd-Thric-Ki gitrchfc vu Chri tich Ding Dai ViQt C6ch mang, Tdng riy vi6nThudng vu Hoing-Xudn-Tfru (Nghi sl, Ph6 Chfl tich Thrrongvi€n), tdng Uy ui6n fd chfc H6-van-Ch6m (Tdng ffrrdngChi6u tr6i;, tdng liy vi6n Tuy6n hudn Nguy6n-V[n-Canh(Phq t6 T'dng t rl6ng Chi6u tr6i;, t6ng Uy vi6n b6o chi Nguy6n-ii-i.rane loan uidu Qudc hQi), Tdng I3y vi6n Tii chrinhNguy6n-Van-Mdn (Nghi si), Qu0n Uy Trung rrdng Nguy6n-e6-fhin (trl Long, Eqi t6) vd mQt sd Ngfri sl Ddn bidu gitrciic chrlc vu Trung uong Iiy vi6n trong Ban Chdp hinh Trungtl,Jng Ding BQ.

Co quan ng6n lufln cria D4i ViQt C6ch mang li nhQt b6oDa Vhng vA tuAn brlo DgP 0964).

Dai ViOt Crlch M4ng D6ng ld thinh vi6n cria M?t TranQudc Ddn Xd. M4t TrQn niy bao g6m s6u clodn thd: Dai ViQtCdch Mang Ding, ViQt Nam Qudc Ddn D6ng, DAn X5 Eing,NhAn Xd Ding, Mat Tr6n Td Do DAn Chri, Lr/c LUQng DaiDoin Kdt c6 danh xrrng ld Mit TrQn Qudc Gia Ddn Chi XaHQi goi tdt ln M{t TrQn Qudc DAn X6. Sfi dqng 16 cd-mduvdnjc6 siiu ng6i sao d6 (tuqng tnrng cho s6u cloin thd) kdtthdnh vdng trdn 6 gitra. Sriu vi ldnh tu: Hd-Thtic-K!' Vfr-H6ng-Khanh, Nguy6n-Gia-Hidn, Nguy6n-Vin-Hudng'trinh-qudc-Khiinh, L€-Trgng-Qurit dI tdn Tdng ThdngNguy6n-Van-ThiQu ldm Chri Tich cria MAt Tran. Ddn ndm1972, sa,t m6t th,Ji gian Tdng Thdng ThiQu dA hd htrng vdiM4t TrQn Qudc Ddn Xi, Dai ViQt C6ch Mang D6ng da hQp

cing Phong Trdo Qudc Gia Cdp Tidn (Nguy6n-Nggc-Huy)va Oing C6ng N6ng (Trdn Qudc-Brru) thinh lQp n6n IGdiTr/-Quydt vdi udc vong sE li Lrrc-lrrgng ddi lQp vdi chinhquydn Nguy6n-Vbn-Thi6u.

DAr-vr ET ordc-oAu-oinc * 307

oAr vrEt oudc oAtt oAmoTrong thdi gian Hi-Thric-Kf vd Nguy6n-Ngoc-Huy 1o

vi6c hinh thinh, phrit tridn Dai ViQt Cr{ch Mang vd Tdn DaiViQt thi TrAn-Vhn-XuAn dd phdi ho. p vdi Chi BQ Ding Trudngtlrra mQt sd il6ng vi6n trung ki6n tU Phri YOn, Kh6nh Hda,Tuy6n Drlc Di Lat vd Sdigdn hgp cDng cr{c tl6ng vi6n sd t4ivd c6c ving Tdn An, Long Xuy6n td chfc nhfrng kh6a HudnLuydn Dac BiQt tai tru sd cria b0 phfln TrAn-VIn-Xudn dtrong CU xr{ DO thinh, phia sau nhi thtrong Binh ddn dudngPhan-Thanh-Giin Sdigdn. Cdc ding vi6n D6-An, Pham-Dang-Cinh (NhAn), TrAn-ViQt-Sdn (Cd L6m) v.v... thudngxuyOn ddn thuydt gi6ng trong c6c kh6a Hudn LuyQn D4cBiQt niy. NQi dung crta ct,ckh5a Hudn LuyQn Dac BiQt dduhrrdng vd su doin kdt thdng nhdt toin Ddng. Vd hinh thrfc,vdn sfr dqng ddng kj' cria Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ddng, danhxrtng v6n li n[m chff Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding, kh6ng thdmdAu thdm du6i gi c6 vi sfi dgng vdn bin Ddn tQc Sinh t6nChri nghra Lrrdc gi6i Dai y (chinh b6n). Vi vdy dtr 1u0n bdnngodi cho rXng d6 ld Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding chinh thdng.

Khi chinh phri Phan-Huy-Qur{t trao quydn lai cho qudndQi, NQi ciic chidn tranh drrdc thdnh 10p (19-6-1965), Nguy6n-Tdt-Ung gifr chrlc vu ty vi6n XAy drJng N6ng thOn trlc liTdng trd6ng drlng dAu B0 Xdy dr/ng NOng thOn. MQt sdddngvi6n Eai ViQt Qudc DAn D6ng thuQc ttrc hrgng Trddng LucqudnYCn b6i mQnh danh nh6m Lgc Qudn ihrqc tdp hgp qu0yquAn cDng vdi Nguy6n-tdrllng nhtl: Nguy6n-Dinh-T[i, Hing(To4i bgp), Ddo-NhQt-Tidn, Pham-V6n-Li6u... Theo sr/y6ucAu cfia Tdng tnrdng Xdy drlng NOng th6n, mQt sdding vi6nDai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding 6 Phf YCn vi mQt sd tl6ng vi6nViQt Nam Qudc Ddn D6ng d Quing Ngdi da quy tU lai ddmd ciic ldp Hud'n luyQn tai Phri nhufln (Gia tlinh) do DinhSdn phu tr6ch gi6ng hudn. Lrrc lrrong ndy dg tri s€ girip Tdng

308 * unrfic nfiu niun ctn DveElD

trudng Xdy drrng NOng th6n Nguy6n-TdrlJng trong viQc dndinh nh0n sr/ t4i BQ.

DAI -vl ET oudc. oAr'r -oAr'r c * 309

ur. DAt vtET oudc oArrr oAner 965- 1975

Ngodi hai b0 phdn cfia Dai ViCt eudc D6n Eing duocbidn dang vdi danh xrrng Tdn Dai ViQt vd Dai Vi€t CrichMAng, dai da sdddng vi6n Dai ViQt eudc D6n D6ng kh6ngthuQc hai b0 phdn kd tr6n d6u gitr y rinh rrang nguy€n thriyvd Oing danh. D6ng ky, Chfi nghla vi phrrong thrlc hoatd6ng g6m c6:

1. BO phQn do Trdn-Vdn-Xu6n l6nh d4o, bao gdmnhfrng ding vi6n Mi6n Nam, Thanh-Ni€nB6o-eudc, m6t sdding vi€n cao cdp cria Xtl86 Midn BXc vd Midn Trung.

Nam 1954, c6 sU rrd lUc cfia Hi-Thfc-K!, Trdn-Vdn-Xudn dd nhdn danh Trung-ddng Ddng-B6 Ad mai trir Nguy6n-TOn-Hodn vi tOi chay rheo Nguy6n-Khrinh.

2. Chi-BQ Ding-Tnr&ng Dai ViQt Qu6'c D6n Df,ng doNguy6n-Quang-Minh thm Chii tich H6i d6ng L6nh dao g6mnhrTng Tinh b6: Qu6ng Nam, Qu6ng Ngdi, B)nh Dinh, phrjYCn vi Khrlnh-Hda, Dd lat, Tuydn-Drlc...

3. Tap thdsinh-viGn Lgc-Quin YGn-Bdi bao gdm hdu'rdt ciic d6ng vi6n dd theo hoc tar tn/dng V6-bi Lgc-eu6nf€n-B6i, m6t sdla nhtrng ddng vi6n cluoc kdt nap trong thdik! Mat-Trfn Qudc Ddn Ding (1945-1947).l}p thd niy rtdtd chrlc cuQc hop mdt vdo dAu n[m lgl}tainhi cr/u sinh viCn

310 * lmrlNc ndu nNt curr ovoDro

V[-Drlc-Hdi quy tg tr6n 400 chidn si ctia Qudc-Ddn-Qu6nvd m6t sdlanh tu cfia MatTrQn Qudc Ddn Ddng'

4. Nh6m Nam D6' lEp thd do Pham-Ddng-Cinh, Dodn-Thrii, D{ng-Dinh-Nh4 v.v-.. lSnh dao bao gdm mQt sd ddngviCn MibriNam, Midn B6c vd Tri, Thi6n, Hudv'v"' Tfp thdniy dd td chrlc Dai-HQi Dai ViQt Qudc DAn Ding vdo ngdy12th6ng 10 nim 1972t4rnhd hhng Nam-D6, Sdigdn'

5. MOt sO'ddng tl6ng vi6n cao cdp hrftr danh v6n hoatdQng chinh tri, nhung kh6ng thuQc vio c6c td chrlc n6u tr6nnhrr-B6c-sI Eang-Ven-Sung, Bdc-si Ng6-Gia-Hy, Bii-Di6m'K! stl Cung-Dinh-Quy, B6c-s1 Phan-Huy-Qu6t,-Bdc--slNguy6n-Dinh-LuyQn, LuQt-srl L6-Thdng, Biic-sl Nguy6n-fidn-Hi @han Trdm), Ba Ce-T6, Phan-Kh5c-Sfru' Vfl-Quf -M6o, Nguy6n-Qudc-X[ng, Phan-VIn-Chf,m (Chdm PhU)'Trinh-Quang-Qu!, Nguy6n-Dinh-Ta i, Nguy6n-Vd n-Hrldng,.r..., -6i c6 nh6n d6u quy tg duoc mOt sdding vi6n mdi vdcfl...

6. Khu BQ Trdn'Cao-Qu6'c gdm nhfrng hoc vi6n vh sinhvi6n dd theo hoc ci{c kh5a qudn chinh cdc I6p quin srl dongudi Nhft day vi dic khu Ngh1a-Hrnrg g6m nhffng ding,ie, Uid, B6c thuOc c6c Tinh-BQ Hei Dddng, Hung-YOn vd

nhfrng ding vi€n thuQc ving chidn khu Lac-TriQu'

7. Tap tloin PhU'nrlVIn'H6a X5'h0i ViQt Nam' Cudinam 1966, Ba Ca-Td D4ng-Thi-Khi6m da phdi hop cingmQt sd d6ng phu n8 ding vi€n Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn D6ngdrlng ra thinh 10p mQt HOi Phq nfr c6 danh xrrng ld: Tpp dodnPhulnf,V6n-H6a XI-hOi Viet Nam vdi co cdu td chrlc:

* Chfi Tich Doitt:- Bn L6-Thi-An

Dfl-vtET ordc-oAruoAruc * sl1

- Ba TnJdng-Thi-Thinh- Bi Trdn-Thi-Dung (Dinh Xudn eudng phu nh6n)

* Tdng-Thu-Kf : Bn Ca-Td D4ng-Thi-Khi€mx Ph6 Tdng Thrr Kf : C6 Trddng Thi Minh Thr/* Cd vdn Dodn:

- Bi Hodng-Hudn-Trung- Ba H6-NhQt-T6n- Nfr si TrDng-Quang- Bd Nguy6n-Hirng-Chdt- Bi Ddng-Thi H6o (Drfc-Thu)

H6i Phu nfr nly dd duoc BQ N6i-vu c{p gi{y ph6p hoarCI6ng c6ng khai. Tru s6 Trung rrdng ddr tai dudng L6-Vhn-Duy€r, QuOn III Siigdn (ddi dien BiQr khu Thri rt6); c6 nhi6utru sd 6ciic qu6n trong dO thinh vd ngoai thdnhnhrlNhi Bd,Thri Drlc v.v... Trong tdm hoat dQng cfia HOi h chuyOn lovi6c hudn ngh6 mi6n phi cho c6c tdng ldp phu ntr nghdo vikhr{m b6nh, phrit thudc mi6n phi cho d6ng bdo nghdo.

Sau ngly 30 th6ng 4 ndm 1975, He-Thric-Kf vd Nguy6n-Ngoc-Huy ddu tdu thoiit ra nrldc ngoii. Trong qudc ndi moivi6c hop tiic, hoar d6ng cria t{t cir ddng vi6n D4i ViQt eudcD6n Ding ddu c5n crl'tr6n mQr ndn ting duy nhd't d6 li tinhthAn DAI-Vrpf, mrOng cdn c6 sr/phAn biet thu6c hQ-phrii, bQphAn ndo n[a. Nht't li trong cdc trai cdi-tao cria CQng sdntinh thdn dy cdng md rQng ddn c6c rl6ng vi6nViQt Nam eudcddn Ding. Su g6n b6 keo sdn cfia rhdi ky M4t TrQn eudcDAn D6ng (1945-1947) dE drroc khdi dQng lai tai c6c ndi nhy.

- Biet-BQ Lao Tt 230. TilnIm7977,hdng thdng t{tcitcdc ding vi€n Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ddng 6 trai citi-tao Vinh-Quang (Vlnh-Phri, BXc-ViQt) cl6u quy rg vdi nhau dd cirng Inm6t bf,a tnJa trong mQt ngiy Chri nhQt nghi lao rlQng. Ddn

312 * umluc nfiu nilm cun ovoDo

n6m 1982, nAu ndt thdnh phdn Qudc gia cria Tr4i drrgc dichuydn v6 Long Khi{nh 6 c6ctraiZ3)A,B, C... Ndi day mptrung mQt sd d6ng qudn, c6n, chinh cta ViQt Nam CQng HdatU cric Trai 6 Midn Bdc drJa v6; sd cl6ng vi6n Dai ViQt QudcDAn D6ng cfrng gia tdng. Vi vAy, drldc td chrlc thdnh mQtBiet-bQ, harg tuAn cldu c6 sinh hoat. MQt chrrong trinh hudnluyQn Udi duOng drrgc thuc hi6n vdi cric dd tdi: Chri ngtiiaDdn-tQc Sinh t6n vh Eing sfI... Nhtrng thdnh vi6n cfia BiQtb0 gdm c6: Trdn-Hfru-Khu6 (Thidu t6), Nguy6n-Binh-ThuAn(Dal ta), Tnrdng-Vhn-NguyOn (Ddn bidu), Nguy6n-l ong-VAn(Tinh fiy), Ng6 Th (QuOn riy), L!-Hidn-Thi (Ddn bidu), Dinh-Ra (QuQn trddng), T.V.T (Sinh vi6n Cao hoc), P.V.N (Sinhvi6n Cao hoc), L.V.C (S.B.T), T.Nch.T (D0n bidu), Ph.K.Th,Nguy6n-Drlc-Th[ng (QuQn tnldng), Ng.A (Qu{n trudng).

Dfl-uE-T ordc-oAu-sAue * srs

IV. DAI-uET au6c-oAn-oAr.reNGANH LAP.PHAP

Ddn ph6p nhiOm 191 I-197 s,tai Qudc hQi ViOt Nam CQnghda, gia dinh DAI-VIBT Oa cd mlt mQt Li6n danh B6ngL]d,a 6 Thuong Nghi ViQn vh tai Ha Nghi Vi€n vdi m6t sdd6ng D0n bidu:

* Li6n Danh B6ng Lrta I Thrr{ng Nghi ViQn1) Nguy6n-Ngoc-Kf , Thu Iiy Li6n danh.2) Hodng-Xudn-Tflu, DO nhdt Ph6 Chri dch Thrrong Nghi

ViQn.3) Trdn Didn.4) Tbn-Thdt-Udn.5) Nguy6n-vin-Ngdi, (Cht tich Iiy ban Kinh tdThtrong

Nghi viQn).6) Mai-V[n-ThiQp.7) Nguy6n-Vdn-Min.8) Pham-Nam-Siich, (Chri tich liy ban Tdph6p Thugng

Nghi vi6n).9) Nguy6n-VAn-Kf -Cudng.10) TrAn-Thd-Vtintr.

Hai ding vi6n d6c cfi6li6n danh C6ng NOng ld: Ddng-vf, n-Sung, Trinh-Quang-Qu!.

* Cdc D6n bidu DAMDT ei Hs Ngh! ViQn (tg7t-t97s)

1 ) Trudng-Van-Nguy6n (Trddng-Tfi-Thi6n), Phti y€n,

314 * mr-tlc nfiu nilur ctn oveED

Chri tich Iiy ban Th6ng tin.2) Nha n-Minh-Trang (H6i Tridu), An Giang, Trudng khdi

Din quydn.3) Nguy6n-Vdn-Kim (Quing Tri) Ph6 Tn/dng Nhdm

Qudc gia.a) L!-Hi6n-Tii (Cam Ranh), HQi kdvi6n.5) TnrdngVt-Tri (Chg Ldn) Ph6 Tnrdng ttrdl Oan quydn.6) Nay-Lo (Kontum).7) DEo-Van-Std (Tuy6n Dfc).8) Touneth-Ton (TuYCn Dfc).9) Nguy6n-Nggc-T0n (Pham-Th6i, Vlnh Long).10) Nguy6n-vdn-Quf (Hflu Nghia).11) Ma-xdi (Chdu Ddc).12) Phan-van-Ldn (HQu Nghia).13) Trdn-Cdnh-Chung (Long An).14) TrAn-Minh-Nh4t (Bi6n Hda).1s) H6-Uydn (Pleiku).16) Nguy6n-Dr1c-Cung (Quting Nam).fi ) LA -T{n-Tr4ng (MI Tho).18) Nguy6n-Van-Trgng (MI Tho).1 9) Nguy6n-Van-Tidt (Long An).20) Thach-Lan-Sa (An XuY€n).21) Hd,-v[n-Xudn (Ninh Thu0n)

Chri tlch Uy ban NgAn srich Tdi ch6nh22) Ng6-Van-LuOn (Ninh ThuQn).

Chri tich Uy ban NQi vU23) Phdng-C6ng-Phri (ChQ Ldn).20 DiQp-A-Sdng (ChQ Ldn).25) Nguy6n-VIn-BiY (An XuYCn).26) Nguy6n-Kim-Phing (Sa D6c).27) Danh-Bao (Ki0n Giang).28) Nguy6n-Long-Giao (VInh Long).

DN -vr E-T ordc-oAu-oAu c * 3ls

29) H-N-C (Sdi Gdn).30) DrIdng-Minh-Kinh (Gia Dinh).Vd cilc ddn bidu da thdt cfr trong ph6p nhiQm l97l-197 5

lh:* Nguy6n-Lf-Trl6ngx Trt/dng-Dinh-TUx D6-Trong-Nguy6n v.v...

Khi c5 Qui Chd Chinh Ddng, Dai ViQt C6ch M4ng ddhop thfc h6a theo lu{t ndy. Thn Dai ViQt v6n gifi theo nguy€nt6cbi m6t cfr, chi hop thrlc h6a theo Luflt, Phong Qudc GiaCd'pTidn md th6i.

IftXp 43 Tinh, Thi trOn tohn lSnh rhd Viet Nam CQnghda, ndi ndo cfrng c6 tru sd Tinh, Thi b0 hoat dQng c6ng khaicita cl,c Ban Chdp hinh Dai ViQt C6ch M?ng vi Phong TrioQudc Gia Cdp Tidn (trfc TAn Dai Vie|.Tai mQt sdTinh, Thico sd cfia Ding dd cring cd vffng ch6c tQn ddn cdc thOn dp,kh6m phudng xa x6i h6o 16nh nhtl Quing Trf, Thta Thi6n,Uud, PnU YCn, Vinh Long, Ninh ThuQn.

315 * unrlc nfiu nhm curr ovoDo

Dfl-uE-T orfc-oAru-sAruc * 317

o*%ow?DA t'tLr qudc-DAN-DA rrc

NGAY I{AY

3l8 * DAI-VIEIOUOC-D,\II-D,\IICNGAYNAY

Dfl-uET orfc-otu.oinc * 3t9

t. DAI -VEr gudc:.DAr,r-oAloVA QUOC.BIEN I975

Sau ngiy 30-04-1975, m6r sd Ding vi6n cao c{p crtaDai ViQt Qudc DAn Ddng dd di tin dudc ra nrrdc ngodi. ptrdnd6ng ci{c cdp l6nh dao cria Ding v6n d lai trong nUdc.

Ngay sau khi Duong-Vhn-Minh vd Nguy6n-\En-Huydn,Vfr-Vdn-MAu... tuyOn bd Odu hing CQng Sdn, khdp c6c ndic6c D6ng vi6n Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ddng da trr dQng td chrlckhring CQng.

* Thidu tri Th-Hoing-Nhan, chinh qu6n tai Xd Hda ThinhHidu Xuong, PhriY€n. Thi6r.r td Ta-Hodng-Nhan thuQc trongBan LSnh dao cria Qu6n Iiy Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn D6ng TinhPhri YCn, d6ng qudn tai Qudn Sdng Cdu, euin tn/dng ldThidu ti{ Nguy6n-Dr1c-Thang (Bi rhrrQuan Uy Dai ViQt eudcDdn Ddng Phri YCn). Tn/dc ngdy 30-04 -1975, ruy CQng Sincla trin ngQp duoc Tinh Phri y€n, nhung m6t sd binh si criaThidu t6 Ta-Hodng-Nhan rft vio tfi thri vdi luc ludng BiQtDQng QuAn d vr)ng T0y X6 Hda Phong, Hidu Xudng. Ddnngdy 30-04-1975, sau khi Drrong-VIn-Minh ddu hdng, Thidut6 Ta-Hodng-Nhan tuydn lrra lai mQt sdqudn nhdn ddng chithAn tin r6i nit vdo nhtrng cf,n crl bi mQt dd mrru vi6c chdnglai CQng S6n l6u dii. Lrrc lrrgng cria Thidu rri Nhan dA ph6ingudi 1i0n lac vd Sai Gdn, li6n hQ vdi Nh6m cfia Thidu riyHdn, Linh muc V6-Dinh d Nha Trang (Kh6nh Hda) vi c6cchidn si Nhiy Di, BiCt DQng qudn 6 vtng Ddng Bd, Cam

320 * DN-vtEt ou6c-ortlt-o,tlc NGAY NAY

Ranh, Phan Rang...Nhfrng ho4t dQng trong giai cloan dy ningvd phdn gAy lai ni6m tin trong nhAn d6n, cd v5 vi6c chdngcQng, triinh tdt c6 nhfrng cu6c dung d0 ldn vdi CQng qu6n'Nhin dAn Phri YCn vd Bic Khrinh Hda rdt chti f ddn h/clrIQng chdng CQng niy. Ddn ndm 19J6, CQng qudn dd vdyU{t arroc ftridu tf T4-Hodng-Nhan, sau nhfrng ngdy tra tdnvh khai thiic tai Nha Trang. Tilndi niy, C6ng qu6n dd clem dixfr bdn Thidu til Ta-Hodng-Nhan cDng vdi B0 Tham muu'

* Hgc sinh TnJdng-Hii li em ho cria Ding TrudngTnrdng-Tfl-Anh, ch6nh qui{n tai M!-Thanh-Tdy Xd HdaPhong, PhriYCn. Khi Dtrong-Vdn-Minh clAu hdng CQng S6n,Tnrdng-Hii d6 cDng vdi m6t sdban hoc ru nhau hop tdc ctngci{c chidn si BiQt DQng QuAn tfi thfi d cdn crl Nrii SAt (MyTh4nh T0y Hda Phong) ch{n d5nh CQng qudn tr€n dudngLi6n Tinh 10 78. MOt sd C6n bQ COng S6n hdng h6ch, s6chnhi6u nhAn dAn dd bi h/c ltrgng cfia Tr[dng-H6i xfi tfi vd'i b6niin tleo tr6n ngr/c. Sau khi cdc lttc hlQng qudn srl tfi thri daphAn tt{n, luc hrgng cria Truong-Hdi v6n dn hiQn hoat dQng

trong dia bdn c0, dAn dAn b1 c6 l{p n6n Trdong-Hei dA biCOng qudn b6t drloc vi xfi tfrhinh cDng vdi B0 Tham mrru liTrdn-Vdn-Vdn, Hu!'nh-Thdm v'v...

* Cudi ndm 1977, Dai riy Tnrdng-XuAn-Hda li em hocria Ding Tnrdng Tnlong-Tfi-Anh, chi{nh qu6n t4i M! ThanhTrung, Xd Hba Phong, PhriYCn dd quy tu m6t sdqu6n nhdncria QL/VNCH vir d6ng d6o Thanh ni€n chidm cfi cdc Xd'mi6n TAy cfia QuQn Hidu Xddng, Qu{n Tuy Hba vd QuQnTuy An Phf YOn, thinh lflp Mit Trfln Tam Qudc Phgc QudcLi6n Minh D6ng NamA ra uy6n ng6n vd hiQu triQu kdu gqitohn ddn dodn kdt xung quanh M4t Trfln dd ti6u diQt CQngSin kidn tao n€n mQt nudc ViQt Nam DOc 10p Ddn chfi viPhri crldng. M6t TrQn cl6 hoat dQng lan rQng kh6p Tinh Phri

Dfl -u E-T orfc-oAn -oAr'r c * 321

YOn vd 6nh hudng ddn nhftng Tinh lAn cAn, c6 nhi6u trdndung dQ nhrlrg CQng quAn v6n kh6ng ldm sao ti6u di6t dtrgc,CQng quAn chi lDng bdt dddc dAn ddn c6c Thfi ldnh cfia MdtTrAn. Cho ddn ngiy 03-11-1982, COng qu6n mdi dua ra xfrtai Tod An LKV vi kdt i{n Tnrdng-Xudn-Hda tfi hinh khidmdi6n (tai ddo). D6ng-V[n-Thinh rfihinh (da hnnh quydt ngayndm 1982) vdi 5 ngr/di chung thdn vd m6t sdc6 6n til20 n6mtrd xudng. Cd cria Mdt TrQn ld Qudc kj' cfia Vi6t Nam COnghda c6 m6t vdng trdn trdng 6 gitra md ciic chidn sl dy dd trdldi vdi Tda iin CQng quAn th dd tang cho ddt nrrdc.

Mdi ddn nlm 199 1 , COng qu6n mdi ltng bdt duoc Truong-Xudn-Hda vi phi6n Tda ngdy 10-04-1991 cria Tda An qudnsrl Li6n khu V CQng qudn tai Thi x6 Tuy Hba da kdr 6n rf/hinh Trddng-Xudn-Hba. BDi-Thric-Nhu, Nguy6n-Trgng-Tii,Nguy6n-Ngoc-Thi, L6-1h'n-Long ddu bi ti ttchung thAn ddn15 ndm khd sai.

Tnldng-Xudn-Hda dd bi drra di hinh quydt tai Th6nPhudc An, Xd Binh Khddng, Qu6n Binh Son, Tinh euingNgdi ngdy 10-01-1992 vdi 8 vi6n dan vdo thAn thd.

* Cdc qu6n nhdn thu6c Qudn riy Dai ViQt Qudc DdnD6ng d midn TAy Nam 86, sau ngdy 30-04 -197 5 d6 trr ilQngquiy qudn vdi nhau thdnh mQt luc lrrgng v6 rrang cdthri trongving Thdt Sdn, Chau Ddc ...li6n lac vd Sdi Gdn. Sau nit ddnqua bi6n gidi Mi6nVi6t.

* Trung tii Phan-Ngoc-Lrlong thuQc Qudn riy Qudn khuI cria Dai ViCt . Sau qudc bi6n 1975 dd trr dQng td chrlc luclugng Khiing COng hoat d6ng manh m6 tai Cdd0 Hudvi c6cQuQn trong Tinh Thta Thi€n....

322 * DAr-vrEI ou6c-pm-omc NGAY NAY

Sau mQt thdi gian hoat dQng. Lrlc lrrgng cfia Trung ti{Phan-Ngoc-Luong da bt COng Sin th8ng tay ddn 6p. Ci BQ

Tham muu cria luc lrrong dtlu bi CQng Sin xfi tfl hinh viondm 1978 g6mc6:

* Trung td Phan-Ngoc-Ludng* Pham-LU* Tdng-Chdu-Khang* Hulnh-Laix Nguy6n-Ngoc-Con* Phan-ThiQn-Linh

RiOng nfr ding vi6n Bii-Thi-Cdn, ngrrdi da d{t chA't ndtai Nha Th6ng Tin Vin H6a Hud tld c{n ludi tr/ tfl trong khiViQt cQng tra tdn dd man dd h6i t6n ci{c d6ng chi.

* Tai Hii ngoai ngdy 10-12-1976, tnjdc Tda nhi Li€nHiQp Qudc 6 Nrtu I-Idc, trong khi trdi r6t nhrl c6t, Hd-Thric-Ky da din ddu cuOc bidu drrong cria ddng bdo ViQt Nam ddinh6n quydn cho dAn tQc.

* CdtcDing vien nhuV6-Dai-Ton, Pham-Vhn-Li6u clngtt1 dQng IQp n6n nhf,ng td chfc chdng CQng tai h6i ngoai vdqudc nQi.

Dfl-uE-T orfc-oAu-sfuc * 323

il. DAr-vrET ou6c-DAN-oArve ].qisi.

Ngay tr6n d6o Guam, sau cdn xric d6ng cldn cuc didmvd suki6n mdt nrldc ngdy 30-04 -1975;yitc6,ciic Ddng vi€nDai Vi€t Qu6'c Ddn Eing dd qudy quAn vdi nhau trong nhfrngcdn ldu vii tr6n hdi tlio trd troi gifra Thr{i Binh Dddng m6nhm6ng dd cing nhau bdn th6o kd s6ch phuc qudc.

R6i dan con R6ng chiiu Ti€n lai nhQp crrvio HiQp ChringQudc Hoa Kj,, tdt cd duoc phAn rr{n kh6p rr€n m6t ldnh thdm6nh m6ng chidm c6 4 thi dao cria tlia cdu. Nhrlng chi rldnn5m 1978 ld nhfrng chidn si chidn cldu cho Ddn chfi, Tt/ do,Phri crrdng cria dAn tQc drrdi r{nh dudc soi dtldng cria Chfinghia DAn t6c Sinh tdn dd quy tu vdi nhau duoc nhi6u lAn taiOklahoma.

Tidp ddn ld nhfrng lAn hOi kidn gitra Nguy6n-Tbn-Hoin,Hi-Thfc-Ky, Nguy6n-Ngoc-Huy...vdi cdc bQ phfln cfia ChibQ Ddng Trudng Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Edng tr6n ldnh thd Myqudc.

Ngdy mDng 3 Tdt MQu Thin (19-02-1988) tai trrgia ctaBDi-Di6m 6 Washington D.C c6 sr/ g4p gd, CIdm dao cria cilcCa'p BQ Dai ViQt Qudc DAn Edng midn D6ng Hoa K): Hd-Thric-Ky, BDi-Di6m, Dio-Nhdt-Tidn...

Ngdy 27 thdng 3 ndm 1988 tai Hoa Thinh Ddn dd c6cu6c hop gitra Hd-Thric-Ky, Nguy6n-Nggc-Huy vi BiiDi6m.

324 * ^i^?DAr-VIEI OUOC-DAN-DNC NGAY NAY

Ba ngudi dd d6ng kj t6n vho m6t bi6n bin ghi lai nhfng kdhoach dr,r tri cho c6ng cuQc kdt hop toin Ding. Trong biOnb6n niy cfing xiic dinh li m6t cuOc hop sC dttoc td chrlc taiSan Jose, California vdo nhilng ngdy 28, 29 th{'ng 5 ndm1988 dd I3y Ban Li6n Lac vi Nghi6n crlu clQ trinh nhfrngbiQn phr{p cu thd v6 vi0c Thdng Nhdt todn Eing 10n Dai HQid6ng quydt dinh.

Ngiy 28-05-1988, mQt ngiy lich sfi cria Dai ViQt QudcDdn D6ng, tai Thdnh phd San Jos6 trong vDng Vinh CuuKim Son (Tidu bang California) cria M! qudc, mQt hQi nghiquan trong vdo bQc nhdt cria Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ddng.

Thdnh phAn tham drr gdm dai bidu cria cdc cd cdu, cdchQ thdng td chrlc c6 ngudn gdc li Dai ViQt. Chfi toa doin ldnhfrng ding vi6n cao cdp, k ,cqu nhU: Cung-Dinh-Quy, D4ng-Vdn-Sung, Nguy6n-T6n-Hoin, Bii-Di6m, Hi-Thric-Ky,Nguy6n-Ngoc-Huy.

HOi nghi dd k6o ddi sudt ngiy vd kdt thric ld:

D(ng-Vdn-Surtg dta hai tay xiAi chfit hai vai cfia Hd-Thtic-Kj, vd Nguydn-Ng7c-Huy lqi voi nhau trtdc s( chfingkiAh ctta Nguydn-Tiln-Hodn, Cung-Dinh-Qui @iAn ffithngdd tran 90 tudil vd Bii-Didm... Todn thd cil tqa dd ndngnhiQt v5 tay hoan nghAnh viQc kdi hd.p cfia dgi gia dinh DgiVigt gudc DAn Ddng.

TU d6, tr6n thd gian ndy Dai ViQt Qudc DAn Ding limOt khdi thudn nhdt, mOt T?p dohn Thdng nhdt, mOt Td chrlcchat ch6, hinh clQng theo mQnh lQnh duy nha't cfia mQt TQpthd Lanh dao, Ban Chdp Hinh Trung I-Iong.

Ngiy 28-05-1988, drlgc toin thd D6ng vi6n Dai Vi6t

Dfl -v! ET oudc-oAn -sAr,r c * 325

Qudc DAn D6ng ghi nhQn ld m6t ngny kf niQm trong dai nhdtcria Dai ViQt Qu6'c Ddn Ding. H6i nghf d6 drrQc goi ln HQinghi Crru Kim Son cfia DaiViQt Qudc Ddn D6ng 1988. Thdnhphd San Jos6 nXm trong khu vuc cta Vinh Cuu Kim Son(California) Hoa K!, noi mh tnrdc cl6 43 n5m cfing vdo th6ng5 lich sfr (5 ndm 1945), Thdng chd Trrdng-Gidi-Thach dItrinh trong gdi ldi mdi ddn Ding Trudng Tnlong-Tr?-Anh (quaphrii doin D4ng-Vfr-Tni', Nguy6n-Tidn-Hf , Pham-Khdi-Hoin...) gfii phdi dodn cria C6ch mangViQt Nam ddn drJHQinghi thinh lQp Li6n Hiep Qudc tai Cryu Kim Sdn, (San Fran-cisco).

fd tU ngdy 28-05-1988, ngiy H6i nghi Crru Kim Soncria Dai ViQt Qudc DAn Ding nim 1988, Dai ViQt Qudc DdnD6ng li mQt chinh Dring thuAn nhdt. Ivt6t Ban Chdp hdnhTrung Uong do Nguy6n-T6n-Hodn, Hi-Thric-Kf lSnh dao.

Ban chdp hdnh Trung tdng Edng b0 Eqi ViQt QudcDdn Ddng, ndm 1994 g6m c5:r C6'v6'n Trung tJong Ding BQ:

- O. Cung-Dinh-Quj,.- O. Nguy6n-Tidn-Lflng.- 0. poan-rhai.r Gi6m sdt:- O. efrang-C6ng-Phri.- 6. Truong-T6'n-Thuc.r Ddng Chri Tich Ding:- 0. Nguy6n-T6n-Hoin.- 6. ga-rnric-Ky.I Ph6 Chfi Tich:- 0. Nguy6n-Vdn-Canh.- 0. Pham-Ddng-C6nh. (Ph6 Chri Tich D[c Tr6ch Au

Ch0u)

326 * DN-VIEI OUOC-OL-OmIG NGAY NAY

I PhU t6 Chfi Tich Ding:- O tntong-Van-Nguy6n. (Truong-Tfi -Thi€n)r Phdi Trf Vi6n Uy Ban D{c Nhiem TdVdn:- O. VU-Van-Phdn.r Ban Trt' V6'n: g6m c6 b6y (7) ding vi€n cao cdp.r Tdng Thrr Kf :- 6. P6-rcidn-Nhi6u.

Ve 14Iiy ban, drlng clAu m6l tiy ban ld mQt ding vi6ncao cdp drlgc goi la liy Vi6n.

Tai qudc nQi tnrdc n[m 1975, khdp cric Tinh, Thi, D6thinh tilBdn Hii ddn Cd Mau ddu c6 sr,f hiQn diQn hoat dOngc6ng khai, chinh thrlc hgp ph6p cria Dai ViQt C6ch Mang,Phong trho Qudc gia Cdp tidn vd stl hoat dQng bi m6t criaTdn Dai ViQt cing c6c b0 phfn cdn sfi dqng danh xdng D4iViQt Qudc DAn Eing.

Ngdy nay cdc BQ ph{n cria D6ng tai qudc nQi ddu tdchri'c theo l6nh thd hdnh ch6nh til D6ng Vln ddn Cd Mau.M6i Tinh ddu c6 m6t Ban Cha'p hhnh thudn nhdt. t4i hiingoai, trdn 16nh thd Hoa K!', m6i Tidu bang ld mOt Iftu b0.Ri6ng t4i Tidu bang California c6: Khu BQ Bdc Cali vi KhuBO Nam Cali. TrOn llnh thdAu Chiu, Uc Ch6u, Nam M! viCanada cflng ld nhtlng Iftu b0 cria EaiVi6t Qudc Ddn Eing.Dudi Khu bO ln PhAn khu bO vi nhf,ng co cdu td chrlc criaD6ng dua theo lSnh thd hdnhch6nh cria clia phrldng, c6n bincudi ctng la Chi b0 Cd sd cria Ding.

Ngodi ra 6 qudc nQi cflng nhrrhdi ngoai, Dai ViQt QudcDAn D6ng d6u c6 nhf,ng td chrlc dac bi€t tn/c thuQc Trungrldng Ding b0, d6 ld c6c Biet b0 vd Ddc khu.

DAr-v! E-T ordc-oAn-silr c * 327

Chi bO d6c biQt da giff vai trd quan rrong trong vi6c khaisdng n6n Ding drlOc mOnh danh ld Chi b0 Ddng rnrdng, ngiynay tai hii ngoai vdi danh hiQu ld Ddc khu Ddng Tnrdng.

MQt Dlc khu thu6c vdo loai k ' c{u cria D6ng, ngiy naycflng dd hoat dQng manh mE tai h6i ngoai quy rq lai gdn dAydri nhfrng khudn mdt ti6u bidu ngiy tnrdc, dd ld Ddc khu L6-Lqi.

Tai Canada, Ding lai c6 th6mDdc khu K! thu6t, quy tUthdnh phdn chdt xiim cfia xd hQi hi€n dai.

Tai virng Thri d6 Ty nan (Orange County) d California,ngohi Khu b0 Nam Cali cdn c6 D[c khu Ding Tnrdng , D6ckhu L€-Loi, Thdnh b0 San Diego, Thdnh b6 LosAngeles viEoin Thanh ni€n Hing Viet...

Tdng bO Qudc nQi (trlc Iiy ban Qudc n6i) girip cho BanChdp hinh Trung udng trong moi vi6c didu hdnh vd qudn tricdc cd cdu td chrlc cria D6ng tai qudc nQi.

328 * DN-vrEI ou6c-n,u-omc NGAY NAY

1il. DAI Hol ToAN OAtrto 1995

Nhim muc dich md r6ng hoat dQng cria D6ng trong moildnh vUc, thrrc hiQn din chti h6a trong nQi b0 vd tr6 trung h6a

thdnh phdn 16nh dao, n6n trong phi6n hop ngiy 0l-5-1994ciia Ban Chdp Hhnh Trung lJong md rQng ctd quydt dinh setri6u tQp Dai HOi Toin Ding. Ddn ngiy 01-4-1995, cfrngtrong phi0n hop md rQng ctia Ban Chdp Hdnh Trung tJongm6 r6ng tai Santa Ana dI quydt dinh triQu tap Dai HQi ToinD6ng vdo nghy Ol-7 -1995 tai Midn Nam Califomia vh cfingthinh l4p mOt Ban Td Chrlc Dai HQi.

Dai HOi Toin Eing lgg5 ddduqc td chrlc trong ba ngiy30 thring 6 nlm 1995, 01 vd 02 th6ng 7 n[m 1995 tai SantaAna MGn Nam California, dd quy tu c6c dodn d4i-bidu tU:Li6n Khu BO Au Chdu, Khu BO Canada, Khu BO Oc Chdu,c6c Khu BQ D6ng, T6y, Nam, Bdc Hoa K!', Khu B0 BXc vdKhu B0 Nam California, Ddc Khu D6ng Trt/dng, D4c KhuL0 Loi, Tdng-Dodn Thanh Ni6n HtngViQt cirng vdi mQt sddai bidu hQi dfi di6u kiQn dd drJQc Ban Ch6'p Hhnh TrungIJong chdp thuQn mdi, tdng s6 n zZS dai bidu. Dai-HQi d6th6o luQn vd th6ng qua Ddng Quy 1995. Theo D6ng Quyndy thi drlng dAu Trung lJong D6ng B0 la mQt Chri Tich viba Ph5 Chfr,Tich Ding gitr nhiQm vu quin tri vd didu hinhtodn Ding theo nguyOn tdc tdp thd chi huy, cd nh0n phu tri4ch.BOn canh Ban Chdp Hdnh Trung I-/ong c6 CdVdn Dodn vi'Iiy Ban Giiim S6t Trung tJong. Dai HQi cflng th6ng qua vipf,d Uidn crrdng linh 1995. Cr/dng llnh ndy c5 muc dich didu

ofl -v! E-T orfc.oAru.oAu c * 329

chinh, hi6n dai h6a cfdng l1nh 1939 vd n6u l€n nhtrng vdn d6phrii thr/c hi6n trong hiQn tai... Dai H6i Todn D6ng lgg5 dAbdu cfr Chfi Tich vi ba ph6 chfi Tich D6ng theo thd thri,c tnrctidp vi kin.

* Chfi Tich Ding: Nguy6n-T6n-Hodn* Ph6 Chfi Tich D6ng:

- Nguy6n-Vin-Canh- Pham-Ddng-Cinh- Tnldng-Vdn-Nguy6n

, DAi H6i Todn D6ng 1995 cfrng d6 cfi 5g Trung t/ongUy Vi6n vd 12 Trung Uong Uy Vi6n Du Khuydt.

Sau khi cfi hdnh 16 tuy6n th€ nhQm chri,c, Chri Tich vdciic Ph6 Chri Tich Ding dd quydt dinh thhnh lQp n6n cdc cdc6'u l6nh dao cria Ding vd dd dudc Dai HQi Todn D6ng tdnphong.

* C6'vdh dodn:- Cung-Dinh-Qu) (Chfi Tich)- D4ng-Dinh-Nha- Vi6t-Hing- Dodn-Th6i- Hodng-D6n-Vdn- Tri0u-Thanh-Son

* 0y Ban Giim Stit:- Nguy6n-Van-Ly (Chri Tich)- Song-QuAn- Thanh-Ting- T6n-Thdt-UdnNguy6n-Thrii-Ninh

- Cao-Vdn-Chon

330 * DAI-utrJ au6c-o,uromc NcAY NAY

- Nguy6n-Drlc Th[ng* Ban Chdp Hdnh Trung Uong:

- Chfi Tlch D6ng: NguY6n-T6n-Hohn- Ph6 Chri Tich Ding:

+ Nguy6n-Vdn-Canh+ Ph4m-D[ng-Cinh+ Tnldng-Vin-NguY6n

- Phu Td Chfi Tich:+ Citu-Long (D4c triich Chinh Tri)+ Qudc-Vinh (Dac trrlch Tuy6n Hudn)+ Qudc-Triy (Dac tr6ch Ngoai Giao)+ Nguy6n-H6ng-Llnh (D{c tr6ch KdHo4ch)

- Tdng ThrI Kf : Hohng-Tri-Tdi- Tdng Thri Quf: TrAn-QuAn

\a 11 rSrg riyiien cing ,Oi g ptu Tri Tdng Iiv Vi€n'

oAt'toouY 1995Gdm c6 80 didu, chia thdnh 10 chrrong. Cdc phdn chinh

ydu cfia Ding Quy 1995 ddu m0 ph6ng theo Ding Quy 1939'Tuy nhiOn c6 nhfrng di6u cii bidn ddu tQp trung vio c6c lSnhvdc nhtl:

- Tda iin cdch mang duoc thay thdbXng HOi d6ne kl luQtvd tiy ban GiSm s6t.

-'V6 sinh hoat thi nguy6n tdc tQp thd lanh dao, c6 nhdnphu tr6ch dr/dc Phdt huy.

Y chi b6't di bdt dich vh stl trung thdnh cria todn D6ngdrrQc bidu 16 trong di6u 1.

Diiu 1. Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Df,ng do Dring TrtldngTnldng TfIAnh s5ng lQp vdi Tuy0n Cr{o Qudc ddn ndm 1939,

phqng vu Chfi Nghia Ddn TQc Sinh Tdn cria D6ng TrudngTruong TitAnh cl6 xddng do Tuy6n NgOn ngdy 10 thdnglZnam t9a8. Nay D6ng tidp tgc stlmang lich sfrtrong cuQc ddu

DAr-vriT ondc.oAn.sAuc * 33]

tranh dd xdy dryng m6r nrrdc Vi€t Nam Tu Do, D6n Chfi, phriCudng.

Ci{c srr ddi mdi, c6i bidn dddc rhd hiQn tai c6c cli6u:Didu 41. Chri Tich D6ng ld Dai DiQn chinh thf,c vd li

Phdt NgOn Vi6n cfia D6ng. Chrj Tich vi ciic phd Chri Tichgitr nhiQm vu qudn tri vd didu hdnh toin D6ng.

***

Di6u 52. Iiy Ban Giilm Siit Trung L/ong c6 nhi6m vu:- Kidm soi{t vi6c thi hdnh D6ng euy,- Thanh rra vi kidm soilt rdi ch6nh ctatdtc6 c6.cca.p bO

vd cd sd Ding,- Theo d6i vd kidm sorit viQc thrrc thi drrdng ldi cria D6ng

cld drloc Dai H6i Toin D6ng ch6'p thuQn.- Giai thich D6ng Quy trong rhdi gian gitra hai Dai HQi

Todn Ddng.*

**Didu 56. M5i khi c5 mQt d6ng vi6n pham l5i nang, mQt

H6i D6ng Kf Lu-at Trung Uong drroc thdnh l6p, g6m c6:- Chi Tich liy Ban Girim Siit Trung Uon!, 6n.i fi"n.- MQt Eai Di6n cfia Ban Chdp Hdnh Trung t/ong E6ng

86: Thuydt Trinh Vi6n, kh6ng dUdc quydn bidu quydt- MQt Dai Di€n Khu B0 cria d6ng vi6n pham kf luflt:

H6iVi6n.- MOt liy Vi6n GiSm Sdt Trung lJong: HQi Vi6n.Chri Tich vi 2 H6i ViCn c5 quydn bidu quydt nhunhau.

***

Di6u 60. Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ding sinh hoat theo phdongthrlc:'

- Tflp thd chi huy, cii nhdn phu rr6ch,

332 * DN-vrHI ou6c-o,ul-ortNc NGAY NAY

- ttridu sdphqc ting da sd,- C{pauOi ptruc ting cdp tr6n, ddng vi6n tudn lQnh cdp

chi huy.

CUdNG.tiNH I995C6 hai phAn:I. Giei thd chdd0 COng Sin t4i ViQt Nam.- Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ddng vQn dung moi phrlong ltlgg

dd t4o ,rr. manntohn kdt todn thd d6n tOc ving 16n gi6i thdcnda0 CQng Sin.

II. XAy drrng mQt qudc gia Viet Nam Td Do, DAn Chri,Phri Cudng.

- Ctlong linh dd dd ra nhfing phrrong ludc cu thd vi hiendai dd clua Qudc Gia, Ddn TQc ddn Td Do, Ddn Chri, PhriCrrdng til c6c ldnh vrrc: chinh tri, kinh td, vf,n h6a, giiio duc,y t€ xdhQi, an ninh qudc phdng vd ngoai giao"'

NGH!OUYET l9e5 (Ngdy l'7'lees)Nghi Quydt cta Dai HQi Todn D6ng 1995 g6m c6 6

didm x6c clfnh nhfrng quydt t6m cria todn Ddng tr6n binhdiQn hinh dQng:

- Giai thd chdttO COng S6n.- T16 trung h6a vd ddn chfi h6a.- Doin kdt Ddn TOc.

DAr-urET oudc-oAr-sAnc * 333

HQi trrrdng cfiaTlnh DAng BQDVQDD Ph6 y6n

334* D^I-vtETou6c-ofuro,lNc ucAv N,tv

!G,

MOt phi6n hop thrrdng k) ctia BCH/[ DVQDD tgi San Jose 29-01-1994.

oAr-ureT ou0t.oAr-sAnc * 335MQt phi6n hgp grta DveDD vd MTIeDD ngay 24-11-1999 tai santa Ana

iiiii::rliririr:,,ir,': :

1!rii.1",. , ,. i,li

-:ffiii'{-Vfi -S.rn (VQ), Phan-Nhu-U,r@

Ttr trdi sang ph6i: phan-Nhu-Htru, DoAn-Thd_Cudng,DoAn TriQu Hunc (Ve), Nguy6n_Thach_Ki6n (Ve)

336* DAI-YIET QU6C-DAN-Dr1,NG NCAY NAY

!:1\r.,

Hoat tlQng cfia Thanh Ni6n BAo Qudc t4i Bdc ViQt n6m 1951

#1!'

i ,ii:r i1,. ,ii

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fl flF,+l:*i ti*B;€

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ffi

oAr-vrEr oudc-oAn-oAre * 337

Tao::ETa5T

MQt phi6n hop thtrdng k) cria BCHflr/DVQDD ngny 1-5-98 taiSanta Ana

JM

Tnrdc crla HQi-trtrdng QuQn DAng b0 DVQDDQu{n Hidu Xrrong (Tuy hba 1) Ph6 y6n - Mira Xu6n ndm 1974

338* DAr-vrET ou6c-oAx-oANc NqAY r4I

Dai HQi Toin DAng 1995

oAr-vrET ou0c-oAN-oAHo * 339

IHOt#d i i[,[ 'l n

. ;.r l,!ilns. rud' 1 r;'; 1-+* ' "

dffi-ffi

sfrr Hor ?ofrr nftm rsss

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Nguy6n-T6n-floanNguy6n-Vin-CanhPh4m.DAng"f anhTn/dng-Vdn-Nguy€ncirng chung tiie- Tlung ihdntr i,oi

Chu nghiaDan toc Sinli r,,,n- Bao vd vA thuc rlii

Ddng quy 1995

340* DAr-vrET ou6c-oAu-oAttc Nci,v unv

b0,aItr

,Cd

?b0c,6.o{*M

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de- ct),>| -]|6stt-c€dN6sdD .9EE()E-r" k,ct dodfrtr4H:Ed.l x(D

r.9 Q

E,A..*.d5g'-':hD O.ch09,4Y! K0)!ir,= .bo?z

DAr-vr ET ordc. oAu -oir,r c * 341

??%84?'l. GtA-TuE vn ,U I NGHTEp ctja?-

oA rue-rnUd rue TRUoNc-r0-nru H

z. ruyEN-cAo oudc-oAru rUcruvEru-ruoOru te39 cOn oRl-vrEr- at ^ 2 - -T-OUOC-DAN.DANG.

s. cHuorue-rniruu rcEru-rnlEr oudc-ornTUc cUoNG-riwn r939.

a. ouyET-DINH cOn nOr-o6r.re rf -ruArTRUNG-UOlro oer-viErouoc-oArrr-oArrio

2-S. CHU ttOXin oAru rOC SINH rdnr

vEu ruoc6. vAt rueuvEru rAc cArrr aAN oE

tEr.r rdl rEr udp

342 * pHU DAN

DAr-uET odc-oAu-sfuc * sag

GIA.THE ve SU.NGHIEP c0eoA r.ro -TR ud NG iR uor.r e -r 0-AN H

D6ng tnI6ng Tnldng-Tr?-Anh t6n hic sd sinh ld Tnldng-Khiin, bi danh li Phuong, n6n thrrdng duoc goi ld Ci Khdn,Ci Phuong. Sinh ndm 1914 (Gi6p DAn), con cfia cu TrUdng-BQi-Hoing vd cu bd Nguy6n-Thi-Mi6n, Ch6nh qu6n rai ldngM! Thanh (Trung), Xd Hba Phong, Qudn Tuy Hba (HiduXrlong), Tinh Phti YOn (Trung Viet).

Gidng ho Tnrong gdc d Thanh Hi, Tinh Thanh H6a.Ndm 1611 d6n qu6n Nam tidn chinh phuc Chi6m Thdnh, c6drlng tni tai ldng Ky Xr1, Pht My, Binh Einh, sau dinh crJtailnng M! Thanh bAy gid, ld ndi c6 dia thd, phong thriy d4cbior. Xf Tuyen Hda (Tuy Hda) tinh Phriyen li vtng dd't mdikhai h5a, n6n NOi Td cta D6ng Trudng Tnldng-Tf/-Anh thcu Dd Ddc Tnrong-Chinh-Eddng hic nh6 phii v6 Td qu6n 6Thanh H6a dd theo vi6c sdch ddn, kinh sfr. Ddn ddi TtrDrlcthll 5 (1852), cu dd d6 HrrongThi rai Trudng rhi Thila Thi6n(Kinh Thdnh Hud), li vi khai khoa cfia Xr1'Tuy6n Hda, phriYOn. Cu dd siing l{p n6n HOi VIn-Phd Phf Y6n, dung V[nChi 6 nfi Nhan Thi{p, Tuy Hda, x6y Vdn Midu 6 nrii CdmSdn Xa Hda Quang, Tuy Hda. Nim 1885, cu ld nhd KhoaBdng cld xrldng l6p NgtrIa HOi CAnVuong d Phf YOn. CU nQicfia Ding Trudng Tn/dng-Tfi-Anh ld cu Trddng-Dung-Tridu(Ong Chti Bdn), mQt nhd Nho c6 nhi6u c6ng lao xdy dgng,kidn thidt ddt nrtdc, x6m ldng...Th6n sinh cfia Ding TnldngTruong-Tfi-Anh li Cu Tn/dng-B6i-Hohng (Phr{n), m6t nhi

344 * PflUDAN

Nho ki€mThn hoc dd g6p srlc rdt nhi6u trong c6ng viQc chidnddu gidnh DQc l6p, Tr/ do cfia Ddn tQc, ld mQt nhd Cdchm4ng htru danh cria Vi6t Nam trong thdi ky nhy. Tai Phri YOn,ndm 1925, cu Trddng-BQi-Hodng dd thdnh lQp vi thm HOitnrdng Hrrng NghiQp HQi XA, ld ndi quy tU vi ddo tao n6nhiu hdt c6c C6nb0 Crich mang, Chinh trf cria Tinh Phri Y€n.Cu cfrng cl6 tilng tn/c tidp ldnh clao nhidu phong trdo cfian6ng ddn, nhAn d0n Phri YOn ddu tranh chdng lai thrrc ddnPhilp vi c6c t4p doin Tubin phong kidn, b6c lQt.Ong Bi CU

dd c6 drrgc 10 ngudi con tnldng thinh ld:1) Tnrdng-Tfl-Anh, trlc Trudng-Khiin, bi danh C6 Kh6n,

C6 Phrlong.2) Tnrdng-Tit-Nghi @an)3) Tnrdng-Thi-Thinh4) Tnldng-Thi-Tinh5) Tnldng-Tfi-Vinh (Tnrdng-Nguy6n-Hdnh)6) Truong-Thi-Dinh7) Tnldng-Thi-Binh8 ) Trudng-Thi-Minh-Thtl9) Trudng-Tfl-An trlc L6-Thi6n-Binh, Tdng Thuhi M4t

Trdn Li6n hiQp Qudc gia DAn chfi.1 0) Tnldng-Tfi-Thi6 n tfc DA n bi du Truon g-\& n-Nguy €n.

Til thud thidu thdi, D6ng Tnldng TnIdng-TfI-Anh tl6 limOt hoc sinh uu tri, xudt s6c vd moi m6t, dd 15nh drroc hdtthiy phAn thtldng danh dtl vd cao quf nhdt trong thdi dy.Dingtnldng vd ngUdi em trai kdcfing drrgc 6ng NQi vd ThdnSinh tnrc tidp d41,th6m vd chfrNho vd v6 thuQt.

Khi cu Tnldng-BQi-Hoing thdnh lflp HrrItg NghiQp HQiXa, tu thdt t4i Thi Xa Tuy Hda drtoc xir dung ldm HQi qudn.Lliuc dy Ddng Tnrdng Truong-Tfi-Anh clang hoc 6 bQc Tiduhoc tai Tnrdng Phfi 6 Thi Xa Tuy Hda. Hing nghy Cdn bQ tU

Dfl-uET ottdc-oAt-sAuc * sls

kh6p c6c ndi quy tu vd, s6ch b6o, thi li6u C6ch mang, chinhtri til ngoai qudc vd trong nrldc cfing duoc t6p trung lai. HQiqui{n cflng li ndi giao tidp, dung drldng, cuU mang nhflngC6n b0 C6ch mang til BXc chi Nam. Trong m6i trudng dy,trong hodn cinh {y dd sdm ldm ndy nd f dd mrlu CIai su trongcon ngUdi thidu niOn Trudng-Tr?-Anh.

Nhtrng n5m theo hoc 6 bdc Trung hoc tai Qui Nhon vdftudta rhdi k,, md Vi6t Nam c6 nhi6u chuydn bidn, ciic phongtrio y0u nUdc bQc ph6t, phe CQng Sin cfing rao n6n nhfrngxudn dQng....Tai CotlEge V6 Trlnh (Qui Nhon), ngr/di em kdcria Ding Tnl6ng TnIong-Tfi-Anh ld TnIdng-Tff-Nghi trongc5c bdi ludn vdn thudng pha tr6n thOm viLo nhtrng nh{n thrlcvd ttrOl cu6c, vd chinh tnldng d6 khidn cho c6c Gi6o srrphiichri ! rdi drra ddn hQ thdng mQt thdm c0a Phdp theo d6i, di6utra...

Ddn ndm 1 934, thi D ing Tnrdng Tnldng-Tfi-Anh b6t rtdutheo hoc d Ha NOi, nhtrng n[m sau c6 nhidu Sinh vi6n, Hocsinh...d6ng hrrong fir phia Nam ra rheo hoc 6 Hi N6i. PhAnd6ng trong cdnh xa nhd ddu mudn qudy quAn sdng b€n nhaucho drldc €m dm. Ddng Trudng Trddng-Tfi-Anh li ngtldi chritnrdng ph6i phdn tdn dd hoc h6i clrroc nhi6u 6 ngudi khilc xrlvd kh6ng c5 tinh thAn f lai. Thdi k!' ndy Ddng Tnldng d6nghiCn crlu sAu r6ng vd tridt hoc vd chinh tri hoc...vi tnldctric nhi6u nhdt.

Chi binh sinh cria D6ng Tnrdng Truong-Trl-Anh li timra, x0y drlng n6n m6t n6n lf thuydt cho rodn rhd dan tQc <ldungrldng m6, tin tudng...tU cl6 tao l6p n6n m6t srlc manh criatohn ddn tQc khi di trr dat tldn drroc hanh phric.

fit cit cdrc tridt thuydt dd xu6't hi€n tr6n thd gidi trong

346 * PHUDN

thdi k}' dy, D6ng Trurdng Trudng-Tfl-Anh cld duyQt x6t lai,adi ctrldu vdi d6n tQc tinh vd thtlc tdchrlng minh ld ddu khOngthich hQp. TU d6, ngiy 10-12-1938, Chri nghia Ddn tQc Sinhtdn dd drJdc ra cldi. Trong Tuy0n ng6n D6ng TnIdng Tnldng-Tfi-Anh dd n6i l6n sr,f bdn khodn, hiio hfc phii tim ra mQtndn l! thuydt cho ddn tQc, n6i l€n srl cdn thidt tdt ydu phdikhai si{ng m6t ndn tridt hgc tUcon ngrrdi ViQt Nam v}r tUnhirngnhdn thrfc, nhffng kh6m phr{ cfia d6n tQc ViQt Nam trong c6cpham trir NhAn sinh vd V[ try.

Chri nghla Ddn tQc Sinh t6n ld mOt tridt thuydt cria ViQtNam, bdi vi d6 ld mOt hQ thdng TAm lf hoc, sdu s6c vh xiicdring nhdt ddi vOi "con ngudi".MOt hQ thdng Lu{n lf hocchinh xiic vi phdn minh nh6't vd thlnh qui suy do6n, nhQndinh cfia trl trIdng gidi ViQt Nam.

TU nhf,ng cf,n bin, nhf,ng dtnh 1u6t nhQn thfc v6 Nhansinh vi V[ try, Tridt thuydt Sinh tdn dd dugc vf n dgng thdnhmOt Chri nghla chinh tri vd dd drrdc d{t tr€n m6t ndn tingddu tranh ba't khi bidn dang, d6 Ii DAn tQc.

C6ng trinh tri tuQ cria Ddng Tnrdng Tnrdng-Tfl-Anh lithm cho con ngtrdi s6ng ngdi 16n bing nhfng hQ thdng TdmLf hoc...khr{m phd drrOc til con ngudi, tr} d5 cflng x6c dinhdrrgc vi thdcfia con ngtldi Odi vOi Cdn kh6n, Vfr try vi str cd'utao cta Cin kh6n Vfr try d6 ld uyOn nguy6n cria van vQt.

COng trinh tri tuQ fy da dudc ghi ddu bXng nghy 10-12-1938,ngiy md Tridt thuydt Sinh t6n (survivantialisme) dUQc c6ngbo.

Ddng Trudng Trudng-Tf-Anh dd kh6ng dtlng 14i ho{ccl6ng khung trong lSnh vrJc Tridt hoc, trong 16nh vrfc tri tuQ

thudn lj rnd cdn brldc vdo thr,fc td, budc th6m vio c6c phrlc

Dfl-uF ou0c-oAttofuc * 347

thd cria thdnh6n.

Nhffng bQc ph6t cria C6ch mang ViQt Nam dudc thd trigntrong n6m 1930 vdi Nguy6n-Th6i-Hoc vd c6c LiQt si 6 Bdcky.

Nhfng xudn dQng, ng6ng cudng cria Marxisme ciing 16mdt trong ndm 1930 vdi NghQ An D6 (X6 Vidt NghQ An).MQt Chinh Ding phii drro. c rhdnh lQp vi phii kh6c phgc drro. cmoi sai lAm ctia c6c td chric di tnrdc. Chfnh Ding OO Aa xudthiQn khi dfi <lidu ki6n, d6 li cu6c thd chidn rhf tI btng nd.Ndm 1939, Dai ViQt Qudc D6n Ddng 116 ra rldi vdi muc dichtranh giinh DQc l{p cho DAn t6c, nhung phdi chdng CQngS6n vi tr6nh drroc nhfing nhrtoc didm cria c6c nhi c6ch mangqudc gia ti6n bdi. MOt chrlong trinh vi kdhoach kidn thidiqudc gia thlQc ho4ch rlinh dr/a tr6n nhilng rlinh luQt, nguyOnlf md Tridt thuydt Sinh t6n it6 kh6m ph6 dugc tUcon nguOi...

Tridt thuydt Sinh t6n, Chri ngtria D6n tQc Sinh t6n, DaiViQt Qudc Ddn Ding ld nhitng thinh tich crla D6ng TnrBngTruong-Tfi-Anh ctdi vdi trr tudng gidi loii ngtrdi vi rldi vOiDdn tQc ViQt Nam.

Srl'c manh vi hdp luc da khidn cho D4i-ViQt eudc-D6n-D6ng tdn tai ctng Ddn tQc VieL chidn-ildu sudt theo chidudhi lich sfi hon nfia thd ky nay, d6 lh Tinh thAn fnUdNG-f0-eNU. Vdi lich st?Tnrong-Tfr-Anh 116 thqrc-s{ t4o dgngn6n drloc mQt thdhQ, rhdhe Trudng-Tfr-Anh, mQt tfrd-ne Odutranh vi cdch-mang tnlc-diQn loai-trr) td trldng Marx-L6ninisme.

Theo s{ ghi nhQn cta Cg Tnrdng-BQi-Hoing thi D6ngtrrldng Tnrdng-Tfi-Anh da mdt tich vio th6ng 3-1947.

prru DAN

MAt trudc khu w. c Tt dtrdng vd gia ctt cfra Ddng Tru&ngTruong-Tt-Anh tai th6n Mf-Thanh, Tuy hba, Phf yOn (ndm 1961)

oAt-vrEr ouOc-oAt-sAnc * 349

l:'tEB''"Ef,,f,r,+;:

Trong ngOi Til tlrrdng d Mf-Thanh 1961(N): cu Nguy6n-Thd-Truydn - (T): cU Trrrcrng

Tai trr thdt & Thi x6 Tuy hba, Ph( y6n 1920

350 * prruDiN

TUYEN cAo oudc DAN(Ttc TuyAn Ng6n 1939 cfia DqiVi?t Qudc Dd.n DdnS)

Qudc Ddn Dqi ViQt,

Bdn nghin ndm lich srt, bdn nghin ndmvdn hidn, ddnlac Hdng vdn tq hdo ld hilng mqnh.

Xit qua lich srt qud khrt thi trong cdi Dqi D6ng A ndy,trilTrung Hoa ra, kh6ng mQt nudc ndo md qudc thd vA langbdng nttdc ta. W ddn t\c ta c6 mQt ndn vdn hod tdi cd, mQtqui, t dn mqnh mZ, nAn dd tqo ra bidt bao trang sft hidnfuich. Nhdn tdi tudn ki€t ddi ndo cfing cd. Chinh sdch chinhtri Nhd Trdn, phtrong luqc kinh td Nhd Hd, vdn tdi Nguydn-Du, hqc thuQt Chu-An diu hru lqi hAu thd mQt ddc didm. Ddivdi ctic tr\n ddnh Minh, binh Thanh, bqi NguyAn, thi nhrtngvd cbng oai hilng nhdt lodi ngttdi cfrng khing hon ndL

Qudn MOng Cd v6 cilng dfing mdnh kh'dp Au A hai Chdu,khdt tidng khidp uy, v6 ngqa sdt c'fia hq ludt ddn ddu cd cdyitdu chdt sqch. Hdt thdnh qudch ndy ddn thdnh qudch kia ddubi san thdnh binh dia. Thd md hai phen cdt dqi qudn quydtddy xdo non s1ng Dqi ViQt, hai phen ddu bi ddnh tan tdnh,kh,6ng cdn m6t manh gidp. Rdt cuQc phdi 6m mdi hon bqinhr4c trdnvd bCnkia quan di.

VA vang thay, mQt ddn tQc con con sinh tu tAnmQt gididdt hep hdi md ild bao tdn bqi ndi mqt nudc ddn sd d6ngnhdt hodn cdu, dd girt nguyAn bd cdi Td ludc, lqi cbn thila

DArvE-T orfc-oAu.oAru c * 35r

stlc thuc hdnh cu6c Nam tidn rdt vT dai dd rdi chuydn sangTdy tidn. Ndo triQt phd ChiAm Thdnh, ndo kh)hg chA'ChdnLqp, dp ddo MiAn, Iio, lung lac XiAm La, Didn DiQn dd m&mQt con dudng sinh s6hg cho ndi gidng muOn ddi vd sau. Sttrbdnh trudng crta ddn tdc ta thtc ld v6 cilng mdnh hAt. Tronglfic DQc lQp hy lilng, cfing nhtr trong khi bi dch dO hQ tdnbao cfia ngtdi khdc gidng, vdn lu6n tu1n tidn tridn khingngitng. Kh6ng m6t silc ndo ngdn cdn ndi, khdng m6t ddn t6cndo sdnh tdy.

Nhrtng cdnhvinh nhuc ndi tidp nhau bidn hiQn trAn gididdt Dqi ViAt ndy, dd hun dilc ddn ta thdnh mQt ddn tQc gidd(n, bdn bi, dfi srtc ddi choi vdi moi cdnh ng6. Lilc hungthinh thi lAn cao tuyet vdi md lfic suy vi thi vdn girt nguyAnduoc cdi bdn sdc dlc biQt dd cho khi cuQc quilt khhi lai cdnghilng manh hon xua.

Nhrtng thd.nh tich vA vang trong llch srt fidn hda crta ddnta dd chuttg nhdn rdng ddn ta cd dti cdc dtlc tinhvd ndng lucdd td nAn m1t ddn tOc rdlt mqc hilng cudng tAn thA'gidi.

Nhung rili thay tAn dudng tidn hda ddn ta cbn phdi quam6t cdnh di€u tdn nrta.

Vdo cu6i thA'kl XIX, ldn sdng ngudi Tdy phtong do attrdn sang DOng A ngdy cdng dfi d1i, ho ddi thdng thuong,giao dich, btit m0 phu ddu, khai hdi cdng rdi tanh chidm ddltdai dd cudp ldy thi trtdng nguyAn hQu. Xtt Vi6n D6ng itangyOn dn, thdi binh bdng bidn thdnh ffirdng tranh dua, cudpgitn cfia qudn di xdm ldng. Hdu hdt cdc nudc DOng phuongldn luqt ddt diu nhau diim chim trong vdng n6 lQ, vi srtc(tgttdi kh^ng thd chOhg ndi tcnt gidi tdi tdn. Nudc ta cfingchung sd phdn vdi cdc nudc xdu sd dy.

352 * PHU DN

Gid nrta thd ki dtdi quydn th6hg tri cfia dd qu6:c Phdp.Nudc ta bi coi ld mQt kho nguyAn liQu, mQt thi tradng tiAuthqt vd mQt tb nhdn c6ng rZ tiin. Hg vd vtt sach cdc ngudnlqi, lqi giam hdm ddn tQc ta trong vbng lqc hdu vd vdn minh,kj nghQ. Ddn nht nghd NOng td nghd cdn bdn cfia nin kinh tdqudi gia cfrng hdt dtdng phdt fidn. Trinh dQ phdt ridn ciladdn ta vi thd cdng ngdy cdng thdp kim. He lqi ddu dQc nhdntdm vd bai hoai phong hda, chia rd Btic Nam dd dd bd cai tri.Dilng tqi l\c mua chuQc hqng ngudi ti tiQn, tham lam, dddAm ngdy rinh mb, sdn ddn, gdy nAn ffong nudc cdi kh6ngkhi rdt dA hbn ld do thdmvd nghi ky ldn nhau. Cdc bQc anhtdi c6 khi phdch hdo hing chi vi kh1ng chiu khudt md bi tdnsdt hay bi ddy di, di\u linh. Cdn bgn gian td, bdn rutdc cduvinh kh6ng cdn bidt hAm si td gi,ldy stt chui ludn, ninh h6tldm phrtong kd tidn thdn, quay tqi Sidt hqi d6ng bdo, thi thahd mrta mdp duong oai, ngdt ngtt&ng & noi cao qui nhdt tAnbdc thang xd hQi.

DA'qu6:c Phtip lqi chidm girt d\c quydn gido d4c vd thuvdo trong tay tAi cd cdc co quan ng6n luQn trong yAu dd cdmhdm ddn tri vd chi chuyAn fuyQn nAn mQt hang tri thtc nO lQdd d6 sai khiAn. Oc tu cudns dA bi 80t sqch, m)t nidm xu phungildi ngodi, tr?lai tt minh khinh minh, coi srt ldm tdi moicho ngudi td chuyQn dl nhiAn, kh1ng cdn bidt hd nhac ld ginrta. Cili ddu cam phQn nO ti, chi chtc tranh nhau ldy dia vimQt tAn ddy fi cao ltong.

Cdi kdt qud cfia mdy mtdi ndm Phdp thuQc ldtdi nguyAnkiQt quQ, kinh td diOu tdn, phong h6a suy ddi, tinh thdn nO lQ

hda.

Crt nhu tinh thd tl6 thi dil vd phtong di€n ddn sinh hayddn tri, ddn t\c ru dilu ldmvdo qudng dudng cilng. Ndu chdng

ofl-vtE-T oudc.ofu.oAuc * 353

sdm tim ldi thodt ra thi cdi hd diAt vong cfrng kh6ng cdn xald mdy brdc.

" Tudng ThiAn Di6n" chdng nd gi ai. Ddu xe dd ctiantdc ChiAmThdnhvd Chdn Lqp dd bdy ra ildy, ta nAn by d6ldm guong.

Ntdc Dqi ViQt ta mu6h tr& nAn hilng manh, chidm mQtdia vi sdng ldng dtdi dnh mQt trdi vd xtlng ddng vdi nhfrngthi€n ttnh md ddng h6a c1ng dd phfi cho ddn ta, thi phdi gidiquydt haivdndd quantrong ndy :

* Gidi ph6ng Qudc gia.* Cdi tao xa h|i.

D6i vdi viQc gidi ph6ng qudc gia, chilng ta kh6ng thd tintu4ng m1t cdch m€ mu6i ld c6 m6t ddn tQc ndo vi ldng vitha, vi Chdt nghia Cao thtong md hy sinh xuong mdu cila ndigidng ho dd mang s( dQc lQp giao trd cho ta.

Chilng ta phdi nhQn thtc rdng tAn hp trudng qu6t td,gifia cdc qudc gia chi cd quydn vd lqi md th6i. tttd hanttdQng cila nildc ndy ddt vfit nudc khdc kh6ng ngodi muc dichdy

Qu6c ddn ta phdi hidu rd rdng: X6y lqi ndn w chrt chonildc non Dai ViQt ld bdn phdn thi€ng liAng cfia ngudi ViAt.Chi cd ta mdi thtlc ldng vi su sdng cdn, vi hanh phtic cfia tamd th6i. t loi ,do ngttdi, tin vdo ngttdi ld ddt nhau vdo condudng diAt vong.

HiAn thdi, tuy thA'Mc cila nudc phdp tr1n ttdi nudc ta ddSdn bi tiAu diQt hdn, nhung cdi hidm tWng ctrta m6t cu6c il6

354 * PHU DN

h0 khdc chtra hd xa ta. Ta phdi Sdp tV gdy ldy mQt thqc lqcmqnh ma dd di?t trl nhrtng kd hoqch cfia ctdng qudc ndo cdnnuili cdi dd tdm xdin lttoc vd ldm hdu thudn cho mQt chinhsdch ngoai giao.

Thrtrc lqc dy mdi ld then ch1t cfia cOng cuQc gidi phdngqudc gia vd ld'bdo itdm chiic chdn cho ndn dQc tQp cfia TdQudc vQy.

Sau cu6c gidi ph6ng qudc gia, vdh di cdi tao xd h)i ldquan trong' nidr. nnninZ xd hQi ta ngdy nay,.trdm phdniguy kich-cho n€n cOng cu6c cdi tao thAt h rdi ren, phiiniai. Ct ring ta vila phdi trdnh cdi hai cila chd dO tu bdn, ttdo cqnh tranh vd h6n loan sdn xudt, n6 ld cdi ung nhgt gdyra bao nhiAu tQ bQnh & cdc xd hQi Dqi Tu Bdn TAy ph*ong'Vila phdi mau dat tdi trinh itQ vdnminhki ng.hQ cilathd gidi,ddn[ thdi phdi kidn thidt lqi vi mdt tinh thdn' Chfing ta lqiphdi thna co hQi cdc ntdc dang bi kiQt quQ vi cuQc binh ffia'ndy

md kidn qudc cho thQt mau le- Ddn khi vdt thtong cfiacd'c cttdng qu\ic giao binh dd ldnh r6i, nildc ta dd cd co s0vrTng vdn.g, khfing m6t ddn t1c ndo ddm manh tdm chidmdoql nrta. Stl thi hdnh mQt chuong trinh rdi to tdt trong mQt

thdi gian ngrin bdt bu6c chilng ta phdi nhQn riing: "Cdn phdicA i\t ch/nh phfi thQt manh, d'it uy quyin, hdnh dQng rdtnhanh ch6ng vd kin ddo, c6 ifi srtc ddnh tan tdlt cd cdc tr1ltctil bAn tong ndi rcn vd 0 bAn ngodi dta d1h"'"

V cdc l€ dy, chilng ta phdi di ddn m)t chtnh ph'fi ddcbiAt sdng suili, d\t dtrdi quydn c'fia mQt Chtnh Ddng Qu6:cddn Cdch mqng g6m nhrtng phdn fi c6 c1ng tdm, chdn chinhcfia ddn tQc Dqi ViQt ngdY naY.

MuOh thttc hdnh triil tld c6ng cuQc gidi ph6ng qudc gia

Dfl-uEJ orfc-oAH-oAruc * 35s

vd cdi tqo xd h6i, chilng ta thdy cdn phdi c6 mQt Chinh Ddngthudn tily qudc gia dd th6hg nhdt cdc lttrc luqng di qudc chdnchinh vd d,fi srtc hnh dqo qudc ddn trong moi stt tranh ildu.

. Chinh Ddng ljt tudng dy dd xudlt hiQn. Mdy loat silngthdn c6ng dqi bdc ttdu tiAn cila ngtdi NhQt NhT Man ldmchuydn dQng biAn thily Dttc-Ba, hda nhip vdi tidng cdi ddnglanh ldnh thilc qudn (09-1939) ld ddu hi€u bdo tntdc chongudi ndm Chdu biA't rdng trQn Thd gidi Dqi chidn ild mdmdn vd crtng h dA:u hieu bdo cho tdt cd ngtdi ViQt bi€-t rdngtr€n gidi ddt D6ng Duong vila xudt hiAn m6t Chinh Ddngmd Chtnh Ddng ndy sd cdm vrtng vdn mQnh tttdng lai criaQuOb gia Dqi Vi€t.

Chinh Ddng ndy mAnh danh ld:

" DAr-wEr gudc-nAN-DANG,,

Hai fiAhg Eqi ViQt nAu cao cdi ! cht til ctdng, ttt lQp vdcdi hilng tdm mudn cho qudc gia manh md bnvd bdnh trudngmdi ra.

Ba chrt Qudc Ddn Edng td rdng Edng ndy kh6ng phdicfta riAng gidi ndo, md ld crta tudn thd ddn t6c.

Mqc dich cila Dai ViQt Qudc Ddn Ddng ld tQp hqp tdtcd cdc phdn fi tu tri khiip cdc gidi trong rutdc, ldp nAn mQtstc manh hing hQu. Stc manh dy sin sdng ddnh dd thd lVccfia bdt ctt cudng qudc ndo manh tdm xdm chidm ddt dai DqiViQt, dd thqc hiQn nin DQc lQp hodn todn vd vi hanh phricchung cila todn ddn md xdy dqtg bn mQt qudc gia gidu mqnh.ld phuong diAn bang giao, Dqi Vtgt gudc DAn Ddng thdnhtdm giao hdo vdi nhfing ntdc ndo gitip dd Edng thqc hiQn

356 * PHU DAN

muc dich rAn vd sZ coi ld ki thn bdlt cQng ddi thiAn nildc ndoc6 nhrtng hdnh dQng trdi ngilqc lai.

Qudc Ddn Dai Vigt !- Hdy tin 0 fidn dd r{c rd cila Giang son!

- Hdy ttodn kdt theo mQt m€nh l€nh duy nhdt!- Hdy ru fip dtdi bdng cd crta DqiViAt Qu6b Ddn Ddng!- M\t Chinh Ddng thudn tilY qu6c gia!+ Cd ch'fi trtdng chfnh ddng.+ Cd ngudi chi huy sdng sudt,+ C6 cdn bdn vrtng chdc 0 khdp gidi ddt EOng Duong

nay.Qu6ic Ddn Dqi ViQt !

Khdp ndm Chdu cdc Cuong qudc ddu xd xdc vi nan chidntranh.

Khdp ndm Chdu cdc Ddn t1c bi dp brtc ddu h6 hdo dQctQp.

Ltic ndy td ltic phdi riodn kdt ch,it chL, phdi chidn dduhdng hdi.

ChiAn ddu cho dAh bao gid cdnh Mqng hodn todn DQclQp tqi xudt hiQn ffAn giang sdn Hdng Lac.

Hdy ddnh dd bfi crt crtdng qudc ndo tranh chidm ddlt dailo quoc.

DAn fic Dqi ViQt vgn tud !Nttdc Dqi Vi?t vgn tud !DqiViQt Qudc DAn Ddng vqn tud !

oAr -vr E-T orfc. oAH-sAru c * 3s7

CHUdNG TR|NH KIfN OUdC(Cudng llnh ndm 1939)

"Nh[tng nguydn tdc con b6ncdn c0vdoTinh tfr<in Cn0 nghio"

Chinh Tri

Khodn Th0 I

Noi theo tinh thAn n6n vdn h6a nghin xda cria nttdc DaiVi€t, Chinh phfi do D6ng l6p n6n s6 l6'y sd mrtu cAu h4nhphric chung cho toin thd qudc ddn ldm t6n chi.

Khodn Th0llTri6t dd t6p rrung chinh quydn ctd thdng nhdt ci{c phddng

Ittoc vi quydn chi huy.

Khodn Th0lllDia vi cao hay th6'p cfia m6i ngudi dAn tr6n buc thang

xd h6i, sE cdn cf'vdo gi6 trl cii nh6n (tii ndng, drlc hanh, t6ntdm vdi nghla vu)

Khodn Th0lVTriet dd bdi rnf cric nguy thuydt vd giai cdp tranh rtdu dd

gif, cho tinh thdn tloin kdt cfia d6n rQc kh6i bi tdn rhUdng.

358 * PHUDAN

Kinh Td

Kho6n Th0VQudc ddn c6 quy6n c6 tii s6n ri6ng, quydn trlhffu tdi s6n

dugc coi ld nguy6n dOng l{c manh ntrdt dd kich thich srl cAn

lao vd sr.r sr{ng kidn. Nhung phii tidt ctrd trI b6n cho gidunghEo kh6i ch6nh lQch nhau th6i qu5'

Khodn Ih0 VlNdn kinh tdphdi c6 sr/ didu hgp cfia qudc gia dd gifr sU

thdng bhng trong stl sin xudt va d6u thu, lai phii ngdn ngiladrrdc stl dAu co vd truc loi qu6 ddng.

Khodn Th0VllTrr bin vd Lao dQng ddu phii phqng sr/ qudc gia, Chri

kh6ng c6 quy6n ,iluong nhi6n tryc xudt ngrldi ldm c6ng, tr6itai nguOi ldm c6ng kh6ng c6 quydn bao dQng phri s6' Chinhpfrn cO triich nhi6m di6u hda ci hai b6n, ldm tii phr4n cho

nhflng cuQc xung dQt quYdn loi.

Khodn Ih0VlllKhudch tnrdng ndn kinh tdqudc gia cho dri sri'c cung cdp

ddi oao cho ciic nhu cau thidt ydu cfia qudc d6n. chinh phri

phii girip dd ddn md mang nghd n6ng, ph6t tridn nghd dQt vikhudch trddng kidn truc.

Khodn Th0lXMd mang vi6c giao th6ng, b5c cAu, khai sOng, d4t tludng

s6t, md dtldngbQ.

KhodnThtJXXung cOng c6c ilUdng xe lfIa, cdc m6, c6c nhi mi{y nddc'

miiy di6n, tdt ci cdc tdi sin ngrrdi Ph6p vh bon ngudi Nam

Dfl -vr E-T orfc- oAn.oin c * 359

phin qudc.

Khodn Th0XlD{ng gdp ndn k! nghQ chidn tranh dd lhm cdn bdn cho

c6ng cu6c phdng thti qudc gia vd n6n clai k! nghQ cho nddcnhd duoc thdm phong phri.

Khodn Thf XllThidt llp cdc Hdp Tdc Xd d trong nrrdc vi md mang viOc

thuong mai 6 ngoai drrong.

TdiChinh

Khodn Th0XIIlTidn tQ phdi phung su ndn kinh tdqudc gia. Chdd6 ti6n

tQ phrii dat dudi quydn kidm sorit cfia chinh phri. Cdm xudtngoai TtI bin.

Khodn Th0XlVLdp mQt Qudc gia Ngdn hhng do Chinh phri qu6n ddc,

ciic1,chciic NOng PhdNgdn hing. Bii trilnan cho vay ndnglai.

Kho6n Th0XVDi{nh thuddi s6n, thudloi trlc rheo phtrong ph6p lfly ridn.

D5nh thudxa xi phdm thQt nang. Dr{nh thuddQc thdn.

Xo HOi

Khodn Th0 XVIDdn d6ng ld di6u ki€n cdn b6n cho st/ tnldng cffu cria

360 * PHU DAN

mOt ddn tOc. Mi mudn cho ddn sinh s6i ndy nd ch6ng, kh6ngthd dd qudn tu lai mQt vdi ndi chQt hgp. VQy vdn dd di dan lavdn dd quan trong bdc nh6't c6 quan hQ ddn sr/ sdng cbn cfiadAn tOc ia. Phii gdp di ddn vdo midn Nam vd mi6n Thy.

Kho6n Th0XVllCdc c6ng cuQc crlu td ph6i td chrlc chu d6o. ViQc y td

ph6i phd cQp trong huong th6n. Bii trUnan chdt non. Phu cA'p

cho gia dinh ddng con.

Khodn Thf XVlll86o hO lao d6ng, td chfc cdc cd quan 86o hidm vh d{t

ti6n drldng ldo cho cdc tho thuy6n. Bhi trilnan thdt nghiQp vdnan lao dQng.

Khodn Th0 XIX86o hO phu nfr, nhi d6ng. Thidt lQp 86o Anh viQn' Au

Tri vi6n. Ddn bd lim cOng, tnldc vi sau khi ldm sin dugcnghi mQt thdi gian vd v5n dudc dn luong.

Binh B!

Kho6n Th0 XXQudn dQi la n6n tdng cfia Qudc gia. Chti toin ldc vio

viQc khudch tntong binh bi: Ce Hei, Luc vi Kh6ng qu0n.

Kho6n Th0 )C(lCrrdng bidch tdng quAn, con trai ddn 20 tudi nhdt luQt

phii tdng qudn trong mQt thdi h4n ld Zndm'

DAt-vrET orldc-oAl.oAuc * 361

Gioo Duc

Khodn XXllGii{o duc phd thOng cddng b5ch. ViQc gi6o duc 116 con til

hic tho 6'u ddn khi tnrdng thinh ph6i trii qua nhfrng giai cloanndy:

a) Thddqc: Nhi€m vU cria n6n qudc gia thd duc li khidncho moi ngrJdi d6n c6 tfui di6u ki€n dd sau ndy trd n€n mQtngudi linh gi6i.

b) Drlc dgc: Ldy ndn luin lf A D6ng lim cdn b6n.Chuy€n chri vd mAr dao tao tinh tinh.

c) Tri dgc: Chuy6n chri vio mdt thuc hanh vi chuy€nm6n.

Vi€c gii{o duc con g6i dai kh6i cfing nhuthd, nhtrng diducdt ydu lh luyQn cho ho trd n€n m6t me hidn firdng lai vd mQtngudi n6i tro d6m dang.

Phong Tuc

Khodn Th0 XXlllBii rril nhflng rip quiin hu hai. GAy m6t ndn du lu6n

chdn chinh, dfi thdluc dd gifrcho phong tuc drloc thuAn khidt.

Hoc Thugl

Khodn lhu XXIV. . l'dy sach nhfrng trltUdng fiy my, ldng man, hd nghi, ydmthd trong VIn gidi nddc nhh. Thay bing nhffng ru ttrdng hc

362 * ?

PTIU DAN

quan manh m6. Tim hdt crich girip srlc cho stl ddo t4o mQtliqc thuydt mdi, c6 thd giy n6n mOt qudc hdn manh mE dr/avio lich sfi tidn h6a cria ddn tOc, vd ciii tinh thAn md hon4000 n6m cdt<dt dAn ta thdnh mOt khdi vd girip cho ddn ta gifrchdc phAn th6ng vd lim chfi nhAn 6ng tr6n giili ddtDai ViQtnay.

Kho6n Thf reruBidu duong nhfng s6ng kidn hay vd Trrtudng, Vdn ph6p,

Chinh tri, Kinh td, pnap 1u0t cria ngrrdi minh trlxrta ddn nay.Ldm cho s6ng t6n tudi c6c bQc anh htng, liQt nfr, c6c bQc

Hi6n tridt, Vf,n gia, Y si, cdc Nhd Dao Drlc ChAn Chinh, ci{cNho gia dai danh dd t6 rO c6i tinh hoa cria vln h6a cd nrrdcta.

Kho6n Ih0XXVILQp cdc vi€n chuy6n nghiCn crlu Vdn hoc, Tridt hoc, Y

hoc, Chinh tri, My thuAt, Am nhac, ci{c khoa hoc nddc nhd c6si'n vd crta cdcnrJdc manh ngdy nay ad nm n6n ting cho ndnqudc hoc mdi.

Dfl-tlET ondc-oAn.oAlc * 363

A --.. ! -A ,DAI \ryT QUOC DAN DANGrUpo.oAx cH0 -psO crrdxc

ouyfr.orxncria HQi Dtng K|,LuirTrunq lJong

otr vEr euoc DAN DANc

HOm nry ll ngly 12 rh{ng 6 nlm 1998. HQi{6ng Ki-lu{r Trung-rtung D{f-V$f4U6C.OAx-oANc aa hqp 6C 16r dinh vt viic Chri- dch Ding xCUvEX-r0x-xOiX ui 16clotn c6 i dinh. hnnh dong hqp 6c vdi COng Sin vGT NAM vn aE vi phlm Ding quy qu{nhi€u 6n.

H0i{6ng Ki-lu{.Trung-uung do Ddng<hi XCuyEl-vAf-f-f , Chi{ich 0y-bm cidm-s:ttTrung-r.ong: Chri-rich.

- Ddng+ht THA!HA, Dai-di€n ban Ch{phinh Trung-udnt: Thuydt-rtnh vien.- D6ng+ht TRAx-ruu, Daidian ddn-vi c+sd cria D/v phsm ki luou HQi-vi6n.- D6ng+hi QUoC-PHQNG. Dqi{en Uy-ban Gidm-*ir Trung-uong: Hoi-vien.- Ding-vian pham ki-luar NGUYEN-TON-HOAN vtrng mlq vd kh6sg ql n$rdi

bifn-h$ thay thd..nfn H0i{6ng Ki-lultTrung-rrong t![ chf,p thufn cho Ddng+hfTRIIdI.IG-MINH bien-hQ gi'ip cho Ding-vi€n phlm k!-luit

H0i{6ng KiJulrTrutrg-rrdng di ddn-hlnh d0ng nhdDint{uy f,n{inh, ttl hgp kin vi x6c-tlinh:

l^ Chi-tich NGUGN-TON-HOAN dn 6i vi-pham Dingauy nhiSu dn.- z- M{r.v[n sd 25sECHTU/DVQDD ngty iz oang f nir 1998 do Ch8-rich

NGI-rYEN-T0N-HOAN ty: re cdc henh-rtong trong .hdi dan qua diu c6 tlnh cdch phridu,cd-v6 viic trt vd hqp rrc vdi CQng.sin VIET-NAM.

. Chi6u rtilu 72b vi 73b Ding-quy 1995, HQi{6ng K!-luatTBng-uong DAI-VGT-QU6C-DAN-DANG.

l/- ciii-nhiem ch'irc-"u *o-u.ffimuyEN.ToN-HoAN vi khai-my v-mh-viEn n kh6i DAt-vGr-eu6c-oAN-oArcI

Z- Ph6 Chi-rich sa ttim-nhi€m ch(c-vu Quytn Chi-(ch chodCn ngly ttai-hQi olnDlng.

3/- M rQi phin-qu6c, phin Ding cria NGUYEN-ToN-HOAN, n0n quydr{inh niyphli dddc phd-bido {ng rai d€'n CQng-<tdnt nguUi VGT-NAM r€n roin rhd-gidi.

. Chrl-tich HOi{6ng k!-tuer Trung-rrong DVQDD: D/c NGUYEN-VAN-LY

A.r//.tzz. Dlidi€n BCH/ru/DVQDD: D/c THAI-HA -t:--alu;t<ra'. Daidi€n don-vi co-sd cui D/v pham klJuac Dtc T&iN-l(!vtI'h,,^-b*-. Dai-diQn 0y-ban Gidm-sdtTrung-dong: D/c QUCiC-PHUNG. . k, fr_,_ ,,

t41 t - :-./

(Trich Nhdt bdo: - Ngtdi ViAt s6'4582 ra ngdy 24-6- l99B;- Viet Bdo KinhTds6'1217 ra ngdy 30-6-t998)

364 * prru DAN

^/^uoar-uEr 0mG-DAN-DANG * 36s

DAr vrEr ou6c oAr,r oAnc

cH0 rucninDAN TQc srNH r6nr

vEu lUdc

uy gnN ncnrEru cUucnO rucnie oAru rOc strux r6ru

1998

366 * PTIU D^N

Sau Dai-HQi Toin Eing 1995, Trung-rldng Eing-bQDVQDD dd quydt dinh thinh l{p Uy-ban Nghi€n-ctru Chti-nghia DAn-TQc Sinh-T6n gdm c6 c6c dSng vi6n:

1. Tnrdng-Nguy6n - Chf-tich Uy-ban2. Nguy6n-Hdng-Linh - yV-uien3. Bti-Tidn - UY-vi0n4. Nguy6n-Long-Vdn - yV-ui0,5. L4c-ViQt - pV-vi0n6. Quang-Dinh - lV-vi€n7. Huj'nh-Phuc-Hrlng - UY-vi6n

Iiy-ban c6 nhiQm-vu soan th6o n6n tdc phdm Chri-NgtriaDdn-TOc Sinh-T6n Ydu Lrroc. T6c phdm niy ld dric kdt hdtth6y nhflng tdi IiQu, t6c phdm do chinh Ding tnrdng Tnrdng-Tt?-Anh vidt ra bao g6m:

- Din-tQc Sinh-tdn Chfi-nghia LtIQc gi6i Dai i.- Tuy6n ngdn cria DVQDD 1939- Crldng linh cfia DVQDD 1939- D6ng quy cfia DVQDD 1939- C6c bdi tidu ludn.- C6c brit-tich crja Eing tnrdng Tnrdng-TiI-Anh.- C6c ldi thuydt gi6ng vd hu6'n lQnh, khdu lQnh cria Ding

tnldng.Trong qu6 trinh soan th6o dd c6 ba ldn gdi bin th6o v6

tQn c6c cd s6 Ding cld tham lrtr6o f kidn vd hai ldn Chri tfchIiy ban dd trgc tidp thuydt trinh trudc Ban Ch6'p hhnhTrungIJong Ding b0 md rQng.

oAr-u E-T ordc-oAu-oAru c * 367

cHUdnc mQr: oAn nH[pSrr td chri'c chinh tri, mudn dr/a ddn t<dt qui tdt, cAn ph6i

dua vdo mQt hQ thdng tt trdng ddn dao. T[ ngdn xUa c6cchinh tri gia dd nhfln ra di6u ndy, do d6 ci{c tutudng chinh trida dudc phrit hi6n ra't sdm. MQt sdtutrrdng chinh tri dy da kdthop thdnh chrt nghta chinh tri vit d6ng nhfrng vai trd quantrong trong lich sfi tidn h5a cfla lodi ngrldi.

Nhfrng chfi nghla chinh tri ddu n6u l6n nhfrng lf trrdngtdt dep vi cd tim c6ch th6a mdn kh6t vong cria con ngrrdi,nhrlng dd kh6ng thdnh c6ng, vi h6y cdn nhi6u didm kh6nghqp ly, vh nhdt ld: "Mdi nildc ffAn rhA'gidi ttiu c6 m6t haynhidu ddn tOc khdc nhau, hodn cdnh khdc nhau, c6 mQt trinhdQ vdn h6a khdc nhau vd phong tuc, tQp qudn hodn todn khdcnhau. M)t chrt nghla chinh tri mu6n dtoc thdnh c6ng tdtphdi cdn ct vdo nhrtng ydu 6 kd tr€n mdi mong dugc ddnchilng rtng hQ vd c6 thd dem ra dp dung duqc...". Vf v6y, m6tchfi nghia chinh tri c5 thd thich hop tai mQt qudc gia, nhrlnglai kh6ng thd dem ra i{p dung tai mQt qudc gia kh6c. HiQnthdi '... Cdc chil nghta dd xudt hiAn tr1n thd gidi ildu kh6ngthich hop vdi ddn t6c ta..." (NguyAn vdn bilt tich ndm 1936cila Ddng Tr*dng Truong Trt Anh).

MUC t. Nnar'r xET CHUNG NHUNG CHt] ruOXil CHINH TRtHIEN HANH

NhQn x6t chung, nhtrng llf thuydt vd chri nghla dang lrruhdnh d6u c5 nhfrng didm kh6ng chinh xilc:

A. cH7 NGHIA oAu cu|I. T6m hjdc

Chdng lai ndn quAn chri chuyCn chd la ly thuydt DdnChfi phdtkhdi d cdc nudc Tny Au vio thdkf rhrl 17. Vho hjcd5, td chrlc xd hOi tai c6c nudc dy cdn qu6 kh6c nghiQt vi

368 * ?

PIIU DN

thidu hln c6ng binh, kh6ng nhu phAn cl6ng ciic nrrdc 6 AD6ng.

Tai A DOng chi c5 vua li thd tQp, cdn ciic quan ldn, nh6trong nrrdc hdu hdt li ngrrdi til ddn chring xudt thdn. Nhd ho.c

rQng, tdi cao, ho thi dQu ho4c l{p drloc c6ng tr4ng vdi qudcgia n6n dugc bd l}rm quan vi lAn lAn chidm ddqc dia vi caoiang trong mldc. Mf,t kh6c, tuy c6 uy quydn tuy6t ddi, nhtlngnhh vua chi chlm chri vdo mlt chinh tri, it khi can thiQp vdoddi tU cria dAn. \n vay, ngudi din drldc hrldng mQt s{ trl dokh6 rQng: tr/ do ngh6 nghi6p, trl do di lai, trl do tin ngUdng,v.v... Do d6, dAn chting kh6ng qu6 o6n gh6t chddQ qu6n chfichuy6n ctrd. Ctri khi gip nhi vua h6n bao, gdy khdn kh6 chod6n, ho mdi ndi 16n d6nh dd r6i t6n ngrrdi kh6c 16n thay.

Tai ciic nrrdc Au ChAu, tinh thd kh6c hEn. Ngodi nhdvua ra, trong nddc cdn c6 gi6i quy t\c thd tQp chia nhau gifrhdtcdcchrlc vu chi huy vh gidi tdng trtfufing rdt nhidu d4cdn cfia tri6u clinh. Ngudi thr/dng d6n, dD c6 tdi cao, hoc rQng,cf,ng kh6ng drrgc quydn tham gia ch6nh srl. Ed thd, tri6udinh lai can thiQp qud nhidu vdo ddi sdng cfia dAn. N6ng dAnbi lQ thuOc hoin todn vdo c6c nhi qu;i tQc dia chri kh6ngduqc ddi chd 6, kh6ng drrgc ddi nghd v.v... Tron ddi, hq bi cQtchAt vao minh ddt cria vi clia chri. Thq thuydn d dO thi thitudng ddi drroc ildo hdn, nhrrng lai bi lQ thuQc qu6 nhidu vioc6c ludt tQ khdc nghiQt cria ciic phudng c6ng ngh6 n6n ddisdng cfia ho cflng kh6ng ddoc si{ng sfia gi hdn. Ngoii ra, cin6ng ddn 15n tho thuydn ddu bi b5t buQc phii theo d4o crianhd vua, ngrrdi nio theo clao kh6c thi bi khring bd, gidt h4i,kh6 ldng sdng y6n dn dtrgc. Tri6u dinh 14i dn ti6u xa xi, thudkh6a n[ng, mi gidi quf tQc, tlng lfrlai drtgc mi6n thud, n6ndAn chring phdi l6nh tron g6nh nAng.

Ddi sdng cria dAn chring hic bdy gid thQtvO cDng khd s6.NhQn thdy sg cDng cr/c cria ho ld do sr.r bdt c6ng cria chd d0xd hQi duong thdi n6n mQt sd hoc gri nhrt John Locke 6 Anh,

DAru E-T otfc-oAr-oAu c * 369

Jean Jacques Rousseau 6Ph6p n6u ra thuydt Ddn Chfi,l{yTq Do, Binh Edng ldm ndn tdng.

Chil nghla Ddn Chrt kh6ng chil trtong phang suThuqngEd nhu cdc g thuydt Thdn Quydn, md nhdm muc tlich phungsil con ngildi, ldy con ngtdi ldm trung tdm cho moi hoarddng chinh tri.

Theo chti ngh1a DAn Chri, moi ngUdi sinh ra tdnh vdnt6i vit ddu drroc fii do vd, binh ddng. Chi vi chdd0 x6 hOi hribai n6n ho trd n€n xdu, mdt hdt rrrdo vd phdi chiu nhi6u bdtc6ng, khd sd khdn cing. Mudn cho ngrrdi drloc hanh phric,ph6i cdi td cho xd hQi tdt tr7lai,d6ng thdi clim b6o sr/ rU docria moi ngrldi vi clSi ng6 moi ngrldi binh ddng vdi nhau.

Ddn chring cdc nudc T0y Au dang khao kh6t ru do vdbinh ding n€n nhi6t li6t hoan ngh6nh cht nghia Ddn Chit.Hq ldn lrrot diinh dd nhtrng nhd vua chuy6n chdvi rhidt lapchdclQ Ddn Chfi. Chdd6 niy cho moi ngr/di tham drrch6nhsrl bhng tdl Udu cfi ngrldi thay minh ldm ra luAt ph6p, ban bdmoi di6u trl do cdn bdn, d6ng thdi c6ng nhdn moi ngudi d6ubinh rl6ng tn/dc luQt ph5p.

2. NhOn X6t:Chfi Nghla D0n Chri c6 tidn b6 hon nhd bidt l6'y viQc

phuc vu con ngrldi lhm crlu c6nh, nhung c0ng kh6ng dat duockdt qui hodn toin tdt dep v\n6 chi duqc xdy dqng ffAnnhrtngnguy€n tdc tridt g.

Con ngtdi sanh ra tdnhvdn tdt, hudng tron ctic quydn tudo vd hodn todn binh ddng vdi nhau md Locke vd Rousseaudtra vdo dd xdy dung thuyA? DAn Chil chi ld con ngudi hu do.Dd ld sdn phdm cfia tri tuA, ndm ffong trt tuhng tttong cfianhfrng tridt gia chfi kh6ng hd thdy xudt hiOn thQt sttr trongddL BAi vi ngr-Idi sdng trong xd hOi ndo cflng bi rhng buQcvio nh0ng lu6t lQ, quy tdc cta x6 hQi d6 n6n kh6ng thd ndohodn todn trl do duoc. Mat kh6c, ngUdi sinh ra manh ydu,

370 * PHU D^N

kh6n dai, hay dd khiic nhau. Dd cho tddo hoat dQng thi ngddimanh hidp k6 ydu, ngddi kh6n hon k6 dai, ngudi hay 6p k6d6, n6n tU Uinn ding kh6ng thd c6 dr/Qc. Tr6i 14i, mudn chomoi ngrrdi d6ng cl6u nhunhau (tfc li binh dEng vdi nhau)' xdhQi phii han chds{hoat dQng cria nhfrng ngUdi manh, kh6n,hay, tfc ld han chd str trJ do cfia ho.

VQy hai lf trrdng Tt[Do vd Binh Dfrng chdng choi nhauvd, m1t xa h\i ttr do binh ddng thQt su rdt khd thqc hiQn duoc.Trong thrrc td, chA' d0 DAn Chfi xdy dqttg d cdc nudc. TdyPhuong til th|' ki I 8 tr& di dd thiAn v d l!' tton g til do. Kdt quiId mOt thidu sd ngrrdi da ldi dung srl tu do chinh tri vi kinhdoanh tao dr/dc thdltlc vi trrb6n rdtllnr0i thao tring, b6c lQt

lao dQng v6 sin. Vi d6 ngiy nay, cnd A0 DAn Chri tai c5^c

ntldc Thy Phuong chlQc goi li D6n Chfi Td Sin hay DdnChfi TrI Do.

B. cH| NGH1A xA uQt DUY vAThoy Chil Nghia Cong Sdn)

I. Tom lUdc:Chri Nghia Xe HOi Duy VQt phdt sinh vdo gilla thdki 19

6 cdrc ntldc T6y PhUong theo chd dQ Ddn Ch'it Ttt Srin. N6ph6n rlng lai chri nghla Ddn Chil.

Ngudi sring lQp Chil Nghta XA H\i Duv VQt li KarlMarx, mQt ngUdi Drlc gdc Do Th6i. Di xa hon chri nghiaDAn Chfi trong vi6c ddi ph6 vdi ttr trrdng thdn quy6n, Marxda lQp lai ! niQm cfia c6c tridt gia duy vdt cd thdi cho rhngtrong v[ tru, chi c6 vQt chdlt ld thttc tqi, cdnTrdi (hay ThuqngDA) chi ld sdn phdm cfia tr{ 6c con ngudi. Dqa vdo biQnchrlng pfuip duy vdt, 6ng cho rdng lich sit nhdn loai ld mQtcu1c dd'u tranh kh1ng ngirng gifra cdc giai cdp, trong d6 giaicdp thdng tri, nhd ldm chrt cdc phuong tiQn sdn xudt, nAn c6nhiiu thA'Mc vd thdng tay bdc lQt giai cdp bi tri.

Xa hQi trong d6 Marx dang sdng lh xd hQi Ddn ChfiTt

DAr-u E-T orfc-oAru.oAu c * 37]

S6n nguydn thriy. Xe hQi niy tuy c6 tidn bQ hdn xI hQi eu6nChri Chuy6n Chd, nhUng c0ng ph0n thinh hai giai ca'p ddikhring nhau: Tt Bdnvd VO Srin. Nhflng nhd tu bin dd dDngtii s6n gAy thdluc tr6n chfnh trudng Ad U6o v6 quydn loi criaminh, d6ng thdi bdt chet tdng ldp vO s6n tho thuy6n, rrd choho ddng luong chdt d5i. Do d6, rrong nddc c6 mQt thidu sdtrrbdn tf phri vi mQt dai da sd v6 s6n ctng dinh. Tdng ldp v6sdn niy bi b6c l6t thing tay n€n sd trl do, binh dEng mh chdd0 D6n Chfi Trr Sin nhin nhdn cho ho d5 trd thdnh htr 6o,kh6ng girip gi cho ho clrrQc.

Dd chdm dut st bdc l6t crta tt bdn, Marx kAu ggi vd sdntudn thA' gidi hdy dodn kdt nhau lai tdm mQt khdi, tranh ilducudp chinh quydn, ti€u diQt giai cdp ttbdn, tdp trung mgi tdisdn ldm cfia chung, thqc hiAn chd dQ COng Sdn kh6ng giaicdp. Nhdn loai sd s1hg thdn di vdi nhau trong cdnh hoan laccila thA'gidi dqi d6ng.

Tho thuydn ci{c nudcAu ChAu dang khd sd vi srrb6c lQtndng nd cria trlbdn n6n nhiQt 1i6t hrrdng rlng ldi k6u goi cfiaMarx, lQp Ddng CQng Sdn Qudc T€'ch6ng l4i chd dQ DdnChil Tu Sdn. Ddn nd,m 1917, D6ng COng S6n Nga rhinhc6ng trong vi6c cddp drroc chinh quydn, xdy drJng cnd aOCQng Sdn tai ddy. Sau Thd Chidn Thf Hai, mQt sd qudc giachdm tidn vd kinh tdlai lor vho chddO CQng S6n.

Trong chd 00 ndy, Ddng CQng Sdn git dQc quyin chinhtri l6n kinh t6. Vd chinh trl, hg thi hdnh chinh sdchv6 sdnchuyAn chtnh, b6p nghet moi quydn trl do cdn bin, kd ciquy6n tU do tin ngudng, vi C6ng Sin chri rnrdng v6 thdn,c6ng khai b)i xich t6n girio. Vd nnh td, hq tdp trung tdt cdtdi sdn trong ntdc ldm cfia chung, kh6ng ai duoc quydn c6tdi sdn ri€ng dDng trong sU s6n xua't, vi d5, moi ngrldi tl6uhodn toin lQ thuQc vio chinh quydn. Nhd nrl6c CQng Sin c61nQt uy quydn rdt ldn, ldn hon b6't crl chinh quydn cria chdrlOndo khdc, thdnh ra ddn chring tai c6c nudc CQng Sin bi b6

372 * PHU DAN

bu6c cDng cuc md khdng c6 ciich gi crrdng lai drroc.

2. Nhgn X6t:Chfi nghia XA HOi Duy Vat hay Chri Nghia CQng Sin

cflng bidt ldy con ngrrdi ldm trung tdm didm cho moi hoatdOng xa hOi nhrr chri nghia DAn Chfi. V6 mit lf luQn, nd bdtric cho ljt thuyai Ddn Chfi & chd dem stl binh ddng kinh tdthOm vdo srl tt do chinh tr! cila li' thuyat Ddn Chil' Tuy vQy,

chri nghia Xe HOi Duy VSt vdn chrla nhidu nhuoc didm:u. Va'n dd cd Trdi hay khing cd Trdi ld mQt vdn dd vUot

kh6i sr/nhin thrlc cfia con ngrldi. Thuydt Duy Vflt qui quydtli kh6ng cd Trdi, th{t ra dd dqa vdo mQt sq phit dlnh tiAnnghiQm. Chri Nghia Xe HOi Duy V$t dA dat n6n ting tr€nmQt phri dinh ti6n nghiQm kh6ng thd xem ld mQt Chri NghiaKhoa Hgc.

Chri nghla Xe HOi Duy YSt khi qui quydt li kh6ng c6Trdi md kh6ng tr6 ldi dtrdc bxng khoa hoc nhtrng cAu h6i cfiaph6i Duy TAm nOu ra (Thi dg: T4i sao nhffng t6c clQng ngSunhi6n v0t chdt lai c6 thd drra ddn nhffng tidn h6a la lirng trongvfl tru?), that da c6 mQt phri dinh ti6n nghiQm kh6ng hdp vditinh thdn khoa hoc. Tinh thAn ndy phii ld,'bi)i thi ndi ld bidt,kh6ng bidt chi n6i ld kh6ng bidt, dd mdi thQt ld biA't" (Tri chivi tri chi, bdt tri chi vi bdt tri chi, th! tri dd)-

b. BiOn Chrfng Ph6p li mQt phrlong phiip suy luQn c6thd dDng cho bdt cf hQ thdng trr tddng ndo nOn kh6ng thd n6icl6 li duy tdm hay duy vdt gi c6. Ap dung phrrong ph6p d6trong tu trldng duy v6t thi ggi d6 ld biQn chrlng phdp duyvQt.Trong biQn chrlng phdp Duy YQt, c6 m6t nguy6n t6c rdtdring li t{nh cdch tam thdi crta chdn [', nhttng chinh nhffngngrldi theo Chti Nghia XA HQi Duy VQt di n6u ra n6 laikh6ng chiu 6p dung n6. Ddng lZ phdi xem Chrt Nghia XdHQi Duy VQt crta Marx ld mQt hQ thdng til tuhng chi dilng

ofl-vE-T orfc-oAn-sAruc * 373

vdo thd k! 19, nhtng sau d6 aa 6i thdi, th\ nhtrng m6n tl6cta 6ng ta, ddn nay v6n cho n6 ld mQt chdn $t tuyQt tldi, c6gi6 tri mu6n ddi.

c. Lich sfi loii ngudi kh6ng phii chi gdm c6 giai c6'ptranh ddu, mi cdn c6 nhidu hinh thrlc tranh dt'u k}rdcnhtt ddnt6c tranh ddu, t6n gido tranh ddu, tu tthng tranh ildu v.v...Giai cdp tranh d6'u chi ld mQtkhia canh cria stlsinh tdn tranhtl6'u gitra loii ngudi md th6i.

d. Trong xd hQi, c6 nhidu ydu tdrcrac nhau. Kinh tdtuyld m6t ydu td quan trqng, nhung chua phdi ld,quydt itinh.Chinh tri mdi ld ydu td quydt dinh vi td chfic cfia xd hQi t:ilythuQc vdo chinh tri nhiiu hon ld vdo kinh t6. Chlrh sr/ sdnxut't kinh td cfing phii noi theo mQt chinh s6ch do cd quanchinh tri nOu ra. Trong sr/ kidn tnic xd hQi, kinh td vi nhunhrtng vdt liQu, cdn chinh tri vi nhu bdn hoa dd xdy cdt.

Thttc ra trong mQt xd hQi, ydu tdchinh tri quan trong honydu td kinh td nhi6u, vi kinh td da chiu sr1 chi phdi m4nh m6cfia chinh tri. Chinh nhffng ng[di CQng Sin chri rrudng kinhtdquan trong hdn chinh rri cflng phii td chrlc tranh ddu c6chm4ng dd ctrdp chinh quydn, tt1c la mec nhi6n xem chinh tri liv6'n dd quan trong nh6't.

e. Thd gidi dai ddng vO sdn, cfing nhu xd hQi khbng giaicdp md ngtdi C6ng Sdn mo tdc kh6ng thd ndo thrtrc hiQnduoc.'V\ nhi6u lf do vQr cht't vd t6m l;i, loii ngrrdi kh6ng thdkdt hop thinh mQt khdi duy nhdt rhufln hda nhau.

"... Chfi nghTa d6 (Marxisme) chdi bd gid tri cd nhdncfia con ngudi, nd bdc bd su quan treng crta thqc thd ddn tQc,gi6ng ndi vd do d6 cudp di cfia nhdn loai cdi didu kiQn ti\nkh&i dd s inh t 6n v d t ao v dn minh... " ( Btit tic h crta Ddn g Tru&ng

"Critique du Marxisme" , Bdn dich c'fiaTrdnVi€t Son-1964)tV nhrtng nguyAn nhdn chia rE lodi n7ildi (nht ! thtc

tl6ng loai, bdn ndng sinh tdn, tu fir&ng bdi ddng v.v-..) nAntai ia nhrtng td chtc nu\i m6ng tlai d6ng, ddu td td chtc tbngido hay chtnh tri, cu6'i cing rdi cfrng phdn hda. Sr! xung d6tgifra Nga SO vd Trung COng trong thdi gian D6ng CQng Sin.On tt dng tq 6 Li6n XO le mQt bhng chrlng cu thd cho ta thdyring gidlc m)ng dqi d6ng vO sdn cfia Marx chi ld mQt kh6ngt,tdni. TU Stalin ddn Mao Trach D6ng vi nhfing k6 kd vi,Chri Ngtria Qudc Td COng Sin chi li tdm binh phong chedfly cho chri ngtria bdnh tntdng cria Li6n X6 vi Trung Qudc.

f . Ngodi ra, sil thtc hiAn m1t xd hQi khdng giai cdp cingkh6ng thd ndo thinh cOng dudc, v\ cuQc cdchmqng ndo c-fingphdiio mQt thidu sd lanh ilao vd khi thdnh c1ng rdi; thidu sdd6 tr7 thdnh giai cdp chi huy. ViQc htiy diQt quydn tu hlrucflng kh6ng drra ddn viQc hriy diQt giai cdp nhu Marx lAmtudng. Ngugc lai, n6 cdn tdng th6m quydn crja giai cd'p chihuy ddi vdi ddn chring. Srr quan sr{t chd d0 CQng Sin cho tathdy rXng oai quy6n cta <16ng COng S6n ddi vdi dAn chringcdn l6n hon gdp bQi oai quydn cfia bdt crl giai cdp chi huyndo tr6n thdgidi tiltn/dc tdi naY.

"... Thd md cdi thuyAi duy vil dy chdng nd m mq cdi haycho s6'il6ng ho(c td ldm c6ng nhdn thdng tidn, md chi demlai nghDo kh6, hoang tdn, thd't vong vd n6 thSt ra chi ld mQtcuQc sr,tp dd dfi khodt..." (Bdn dich dd tr{ch ddn)2

374 * PHU DN

1. "... ll nie la valeur individuelle de l'homme, conteste l'importancede l'entit6 ethnique et de la race, et ainsi priv6 l'humanit6 de lacondition p16alable mise d son existence et d sa civilisation..."

2.".,. Or, ce mat6rialisme, loin de constituer un bienlait pour le nombreou de favoriser l'essor de I'ouvrier, ne rep16sente que misdre,d6solation et d6tresse et n'est, en 16alit6 qu'une d6bacle d6finitive..."(Brit tich d6n chrlng nhu trCn)

DAI-u ET otfc-oAn-oAr'rc * 37s

c. cAc cu0 ttouie punr-xir vA audc xAl. T6m IUdc

Gifra hai trdn Thd Chidn, sd xung dQr gitra hai phe C/ngSdn (chfi tn/dng dQc tdi vd qudc tdl va Ddn Chit (chri tnrongtrl do vh cri nhdn) dd gdy nhidu rdi loan d ciic nrldc Au Ch0u.Do d6, phrit sinh ra tinh thiin chilng tQc 6 m6t sd qudc gia,chdng lai ci Chri Nghia COng S6n 15n Ddn Chri. Phin rlngndy clrra ddn Chfi Ngh1a Phdt Xit cria Mussolini df vi ChfiNghia SiAu TOc cfia Hitler 6 Dfc.

Til firhng qudc gia vd ddn tQc, thdt ra dd cd til ngdn xtta.Nhmg ltic d6, nd chi cd tinh cdch tidm fing chrt kh6ng 16rAt, vi bi tinh thiin tOn gido vd chil truong t6n gido che ldp.Ddn lric phong trdo Ddn Chfi ph6t sinh, n<i mdi b6c lO ddndAn. Nhung nhtrng nU6c d6n dAu phong trdo d0n chri Ii nhfrngnrldc hing c[dng nhdt thdgidi n6n tinh thAn qudc gia vd dAntQc dd duoc th6a mdn vdi cnd d0 ndy. Chd d0 ddn chfi tronggiai cloan ti€n khdi vi tim kidm thi tnldng ti6u thu de tldymanh chfi tnrong bdnh tnldng, x6m luoc, nhung n6 chi tdnbao ddi vdi ddn thu6c dia, cdn tai chinh qudc, n6 v6n gifrtinhciich 6n hda. Chi vdi Mussolini vi Hitler, tU tUdng qudc giavi d6n tQc mdi trd n6n cdc doan, quii khich, tin bao ngay vdid6n chfng trong nr./dc.

Mussolini, 15nh tu Phdt Xit Y cho rdng trAn ddi, chi c6quOt gialdthtqc thd ctdng t1nquy nhdt. Qu6:c gialdtdi thilong,khbng cd ai drng ngodi qudc gia, cfrng khdng cd gi tAn qudcgia. fuIoi hoat dOng diu nhdm phuc vu cho qudc gia, mgiquyAn tuc ddu phdt xudl til qudc gia. Cd nhdn phii hodn toinphuc tDng qudc gia, kh6p minh vho khu6n khd qudc gia vihy sinh cho qudc gia.

Hitler c[ng chri tnrdng x6y dung m6t chddQ dQc tii khScnghiQt nhd Mussoilini, nhung 6ng ddt ndn tdng l!, thuydt crta6ng tAn yAu fi'SiAu TQc, chtl kh1ng tln Qudc Gia nhuMussolini.

s76 * PHU DN

Hitler drra vdo li thuydt Si6u Nh6n cria Nietzche, chorXng trong nhdn loai c6 mQt sdit si€u nhAn th{t tii ba, c5 thdlim nhilng viQc xudt chring. NhiQm vu cfia siOu nhdn ld hrldngd6n nhAn loai trOn con dudng vdn minh. Mudn cho si6u nhdnthdnh cOng m! m6n, thddng nhdn ph6i phqng sLrva tuan lenhsi6u nhAn.

Hitler cho rhng trOn thdgidi c6 nhi6u chting tQc cr{ch biQtxa nhau vd tai tri, vd n[ng hrc: c6 nhfrng chfing tQc cr/c k]'thOng minh, c5 nhllng chfing tQc ctlc ky rlon hdn. Nhfng chringt6c th6ng minh, gidu nlng luc Ia nhf,ng Si6u TQc. Cdc siAut6c c6 nhiAm vu thdhg nhdt thd gidi vd dua nhdn loai trAncludng tiAn b0. Cdc chfing t1c khdc c6 nhiQm vu phung s*siAu fic vd thi hdnh cdc mqng lQnh cfia siAu tQc.

Theo Hitler, trong t{tcic6c ching tQc tr6n thdgi6i, chic6 chfing tQc Aryen li chfing tQc duy nhdt d6ng ldm chria tdthi6n ha. Nhdng mudn thi hinh chloc srl m6nh thiCng li€ngndy, ngUdi Aryen cdn ph6i gif cho gidng mdu minh drlocthuAn triy, vi ndu ddng mdu bi pha tr6n, ho sd trd thhnh ngudQn di vi srrtnlng phat cria tao h6a, nhutrudng hop con la, licon cfia con ngua vd con lila. NgrJa vi lUa giao hop nhausinh ra con la, li mOt con thfi vila ngu dAn, vila kh6ng sinh d6drrgc. V1 sU lAm lac tr} ngdn xua, ddn Aryen da bi lai gidngrdt nhidu. RiAng c6 ngtrdi Dtc ld cbn girt gidng mdu Aryeniluoc thudn tily md th1i. W d6, ddn Drtc h ddn tQc duy nhdtc6 tl,it ndng luc vd tdi ba ldnh dqo thd gidi. NhrIng mudn ldmtrdn srl mang minh, ngddi Drlc phii gifrcho gidng m5u minhkh6ng pha trQn, mi mudn tludc vQy, hq phdi bdi tril DoThdili mQt gidng dAn ddn hdn, chi bidt sdng b6m vi an hrrdng vftchdt.

Dua vdo thuydt Qu6'c Gia T6'i Thrr{ng vi Si6u TQc,Mussolinini vd Hitler dd xdy drrng c6c chd tlQ Ph5t Xit vhQudc Xe d Y vd Dti'c. Cric chd rtQ ndy c6 tinh cdch dQc tdikh6c nghiQt v6 mflt chinh tri, nhung vdn c6ng nhfn quydn tu

DAr-vriT oudc.oAu.sAnc * stt

hfru tli sdn vi dd cho nhffng ngr/di hoat dQng kinh td duochrrdng m6t srl tu do khd r6ng. N6 lhm cho hai nudc Y vi Dri,cmanh l6n trong m6t thdi gian rdt ngXn, nhung cfrng ldm chod6n chring khd sd ra't nhidu. Sau cing, vi mudn b6 chidmhohn cAu, Hitler 16i Mussolini vdo cu6c chidn tranh thdgidildm sup dd cd nhfrng chddQ ho drrng l6n.

2. Nhgn X6t:Chfi Nghia ph6t X(t 6 y cf,ng nhu Chfi Nghia eudc

Xd 6 Drlc dd pham l6i lAm cdn bdn lir kh6ng nhdmvdo mucdich phung st con ngudi. Chri Nghia ph6t Xit, euO'c Xe dac5 nhfrng hdnh dQng cr/c k), rdn bao, khidn moi ngudi tr6n rhdgidi ddu c6ng ph6n, gh6 tdm.

D. CHO NGHiA IAM DANI. T6m ltjdc:

Trong khi Mussolini vd Hitler dua vio chri tnlong eu6:cGia vd SiAu T6c n€u ra c1,c Chil Nghta phdt Xtt vd eudc Xd,ph6n ri'ng lai cdc Chfi Nghia Ddn Chit vd Xd HQi (CQng Sdn)thi tai Trung Hoa,TOnVIn cddung hda cdc trltddng eu6'cGia, DAn Chfi v) Xe HQi dd xrrdng ra Chri Nghia TamD0n.

Chri nghTa ndy g6m c6 ba phAn li D6n TOc, D6n euyCnvi Ddn Sinh.a-) Trong thuydt DdnT6c,TOn VIn bio ring d6n Trung

Hoa d6ng d6o nh6't,lai c6 m6t ndn vdn minh tdi cd, dr{ng 16phii ln d6n t6c hing cddng nhdt trOn thdgidi, nhrlrg tr6n thrlctd, Trung Hoa dd bi ci{c ddn t6c khiic uy hidp vi leng nhuc.Didu nay sd di xiy ra lh vi ngudi Trung" Hoa chi c6 tinh thdnqia t6c vd tinh thdn thA' gidi md thidu hdn tinh thdn Ddnipc. Ndu tinh thdndy cdn k6o ddi, Trung Hoa c6 rhd bi dietvong. VAy ngtldi Trung Hoa ph6i doin kdt nhau lai thinh ddni6c. tranh ddu vdi ngudi ngoai qudc dd bio vQ quydn loi minh,

378 * PIIUDN

va khi drroc hDng cudng r6i, sC girip cho c6c d6n t6c nhrloctidu khric trOn thd gidi.

b-) Trong thuydt Ddn Quydn TOn Vin chdng h8n crlc

cfrd OO dOc tdi ding crldng quydn thdng trl ddn chring, nhungd6ng thdi 6ng cflng kh6ng t6n thinh chri t.lOng tr/do cd nhAnvI binh dSng cria Chil Nghia Ddn Chil mi 6ng cho ld kh6ngthich h<rp vdi tinh thdTrung Hoa. )ng cho rdng nildc TrungHoa y\u vi rtgtdi Trttng Hia cta qud tu do vd binh ddng' 1nghO hdo nglrdi Trung Hoa nAn hy sinh sr{ tt{ do vd binh ddngcd nhdn c[ia minh dd rranh d6'u cho fd Qudc minh duqc t( dot'd binh rldng t'di nhrtng qu6:c gia hilng ctdng

c-) Trong thuydt Ddn Sinh, TOn Vdn c6 gi6i quydt c6cvdn dd xi hQi. )ng chdng lqi chd dQ ttr bdn, nhung crtng

kh6ng tdn thiuth chfi ftuong giai cdp tranh ddu c,fia Chfi NghlaCOn[ Sdn,mac ddu cho riing Chft N gh\a Ddn Sinhclng gidngnhrr Chri Nghia CQng Sin. )ng c6ng nhQn quydry fit hrtu,song han ,ne'mt nd rld nd kh6ng uy hidp duqc qudn chilng'od iai c6ch d6n sinh, 6ng chri tnrong ilAi chdtu bdnvd binhqudn dia quyAn dd moi ngudi ddu c6 thd c6 dri com f,n, 6omdc, nhd d, drrdng di.

2. Nhgn X6t:it,i Ngtiu Tam DAn cddung hda tinh thdn Qudc Gia

vdi ciic 1! tudng D6n Chri vd X5 HQi, nhtlng trong su dung

hda ndy, TOn Vin da d(t n(ng vdo chfi truong ddn tQc vd

gidn tidp phfi nhQn srt til do cd nhdn. Mdt khdc, Chrt NghlaTam Ddn dd cltqc xdy dtng trong lrtc Trung Hoa dang ldmvito tinh trang crtrc k) kh6 khdn: ngodi thi Uil ctdng uy hidp,trong thi ddn chring phdn hda, nghio ddL Ngodi ra, cdn phdigidi quydt slt bdt mdn cila ldp ngtdi tdn hgc, phdi ve vdn"t'l3o

SO dd drrqc Nga SO ydm rq. W ttuqc xdy dqttg dd gidiquyA't bao nhiAu khd khdn phfic tqp dd nAn Chrt Nghla Tamban da clua nhiiu ly luQn mdu thudn nhau, nhrr b6o rhng

oAruET oudc.oAru.oAne * 379

Chil NghTa Ddn Quydn cfing gi6hg nhu Chfi NghTa Ddn Chrtnhung r6i lai chi trich cdc nguyCn tdc tu Oo Ulntr d8ng criaChil NghTa Ddn Chil, nhu b6o rdng Chfi Nghia Ddn Sinhcfing gidng nhu Chfi NghTa CQng Sdn nhrrng rdi lai chi trichchri truong giai c6'p d6'u tranh cfia chri nghia ndy.

_ Chfi Nghia Tam D6n cd tinh cr{ch chidt rrung 16 rQt. Ndcd dung hda nhfing chri tnlong eu6'c Gia (D6n TQc), D6nChri (DAn Quydn) vi X5 HQi @en Sinh), cdsfia chfra nhfrngchi tnlong 6'y cho thich hcrp v6i rinh thdTrung Hoa. X6t v6met l)i thuydt, Chri Nghia Tam D6n di th0u nap clugc hdtcdc l1i tudng t6t dep cia c6c hoc thuydt cl6 ra ddi tir rhdki rhrl17. Vd m{t thrlc td, cht nghla 6'y chrra thi hdnh dugc, ,i ru,khi nhd Mdn Thanh bi cilch mang l{t dd, nrrdc Trung Hoa hdtldm vio cdnh rdi loan ddn theo dudi cu6c chidn tranh chdngngoai x6m nOn c6c chinh quydn qudc gia phii theo mdi chdd0 dQc thi cho ddn ngiy luc dia mdt vao tay C6ng S6n (1949).

MUc u. sU cAru THrfT cOn uOr cxO ruoxh cHINH TRrHoP Lv

Nhrr tr6n chring ta dd, th{y, hai Chfi Nghia phdt Xit viQudc Xe dA pham vdo l6i ldm rdt ldn li kh6ng ldy viQc phUngsucon ngudi lAm crfu ci{nh.

Cl,c ly thuydt D6n Chri, Xe HOi vi Chfi Nghia TamD6-n c5 tidn bQ hon v) da bidt l6'y con ngudi lim rrung tdmdidm cho moi hoar d6ng chinh tri cing muu dd trantr ptrriccho con ngudi. Tuy nhi€n, cd,cly thuydt vh chfi nghia niy laiph?m vio l6i ldm khr{c kh6ng k6m quan rrong li kh6ng xdydttng nhrtng nguy)n tdc cdn ban ffAn con ngudi thdt stt, conngrldi bhng xrlong bXng thit sdng ngoii ddi.

Con ngttdi tt do binh ddng cila lj,thuydt Ddn Chfi hay:on ngtdi kinh tA'cfia g, thuyAi XA HOi Duy VQt chi ld nhfingcon ngtdi hu do hay ld nhrtng hinh b6ng khidm khuydt vd conng*di. D6 la vi nhtrng tdc giit cria nhfrng lf thuydt {y chi

380 * PIIU DN

quan s6t ri6ng xd h6i trong d6 ho sdng dd l$p thuydt' Vd trongsr/ quan s6t ndy, hq chi ntrdm vdo nhrtng tA doan ldm cho conngiOi khd sd. Locke vd Rousseau chi quan t6m ddn sr/thidutjdo vi binh d8ng cria x5 hOi Au ChAu vio thdkf 17 vh 18'

Marx chi nh6m vio sdb6c lQt lao dQng cria nhfng nhi tubinrhdki rhf 19. TOnV[n chi chri trong nhi6u nhdt ddn cinh d6ntQc Tiung Hoa bi 1i6t cudng uy hidp vi chi phdi'

SrJ quan siit trong mQt ph4m vi hqp hdi da drra cric lfthuydt gia tr0n day ddn phin rlng tU nhiCn ld d6nh dd nhflngcnd aO cfl dd cii td lai cho n5 dep hon. Nhrtng trong srJ xdydr,tng xd h6i mdi, ho lai kh6ng nghi6n cfu ddn b6n chdt conngddi md cdn khing dinh ld con ngtldi vdn tdt vd c6 dri drlcti;h dd rao ra m6t xd hQi hodn h6o. Do d6, nhfrng chri tnrOng

x6y dung xd hQi mdi cria hq ddu ld nhf,ng chri truong kh6ngtddng.

Oi6u nay kh6ng c6 chi la. Con ngudi d6u c6 th6ng minhtdi tri cldn dAu, cfrng chi lb mOt phdn tfi nh6 b6 cia vfr tru' Dod6, con ngrrdi khOng thd sfia Odi Uin chdt cfia vfl tru vd kh6ngthd di tr6ivdi nhfrng dinh luflt thi6n nhi6n chi phdi vfl try'

Tilnghn xrla con ngr/di dd nhdn hidu rXng, trong thdgidic6 m6t trat trJ hidn nhi6n: mdt trdi sdng moc phUdng D6ng,chi6u ldn phrrong Thy; mat trf,ng trdn khuydt theo mQt chu kynha't dinh; sd ludn chuydn ngdy d6m vd bdn mia XuAn, Ha'Thu, DOng. Do d6, ngrrdi da bidt td chrlc sr/ sinh hoat criachinh minh nhrr cdy cdy, chdn nu6i, sdn b{n, chdi ltrdi cho

hop vdi thdi tidt.Hdn nfra, con ngddi cdn bidt rXng nhffng tlinh 1u0t thi6.n

nhi€n ndy srlc ngtldi kh6ng chdng lai ndi. Cho n6n mudndiiukhidn thiAn nhiAn, ngtldi chi cd cdch duy nhdt ld phdi thtchnghi vdi ffAt fil thiAn nhiAn d6.-

Ap dUng y tudng ndy vio k! nghQ, ngrldi dd th{c hiQn

dtroc nhidu c6ng trinh vT dai: ding srlc nddc, 6nh s6ng mdti.Oi tao nhtrng ,1u6,, nlng ltlc m4nh m€, chd ngrr vQt chdt dd

ofl-uE-T orfc-oAu-sAruc * 381

b6t n6 phqng s{ ddi sdng cria minh. Ngodi ra, ngr/di cdn 6pdung nhf,ng dinh luQt 6'y vdo ddi sdng hdng ngdy cfia minh.Nhfrng thu6t dudng sinh, nhfrng ph6p ngUa b6nh vi tri bQnh,nhtrng phuong ph6p gi6o duc tuy6n truydn vdn dung qudnchring... ddu kh6ng it thi nhidu, dua vio ciic dinh luft thi€nnhi6n ndy. Ngtldi hidu rXng cdng di sdt vdi ilinh luft thi6nnhi6n, ngudi cing d6 thinh c6ng.

Nhdrg trong sUx0y drlng nhtlng chir nghia chinh rq, ngUdilai gat qua bOn nhtrng dinh luQt thi€n nhi€n md chi lrru t6mddn nhfrng nguy6n vong, md r-fdc cria minh. Con ngrrdi vdnkh6ng thay ddi dudc ben chdt vU rrU vd di ngUdc lai c6c dinhlu{t thi6n nhi6n, ndu c6 ddgc, cflng chi drra ddn nhf,ng kdtqui tai hai cho con ngddi, cho n6n nhfrng chri nghla xdy dgngtr6n nhfrng nguyOn tdc kh6ng phn hQp vdi cdc clinh lu6t thi€nnhi€n chi phdi ddi sdng con ngddi, tdt nhi6n phii tha't bai.

Vdy, mudn x6y dung mQt x6 hQi tdt dep, ra cdn phdi c6m}t chil nghia chinh tri hqp li. Chil nghTa ndy khdng nhfingphdi nhdm muc dich phUng sL! con ngudi, md. cdn phdi cd drtdidu kiAn phung st con ngudi m)t cdch diic l4rc. N6 phii gi6iquydt moi vdn dd theo quan didm con ngudi, nhdng kh6ngthd dua vdo nhfrng 6o vong kh6ng trldng cria con ngddi miph6i dua vio nhfrng nhdn x6t xilc th6t vd dOi sdng con ngrldivd vd nhf,ng tudng quan gifra ngrldi vdi thd gidi b€n ngodi.

"... Mudn trdnh cdc sai ldm tong lilc hdnh tlQng, cdnphdi nAu bn mQt chrt nghia ldm tiAu chudn cho lit thuydt cfiaDdng, ldm noi tdp trung hdp lqc cho ddng vi4n xa gdn cdkdtnhau vd ldm kim chi nam cho moi c6ng cu1c kidn thidt saundy..." (ChilNghtaDdnTQc SinhTdn, Lrtqc Gidi Dqit 1%g).

cHUdNG HAt: DAN rQc strx rdtChrfr Nghia Qu,6c Gia Khoa Hgc

Chfi nghta chlnh tri ho. p l! phdi nhiim phuc vtt, con ngtdi.

382 * PHU DIN

MuOn vdy, cdn phdi hidu rd vi con ngtdi, m6t con nguditodn diQn.

N6i mOt c6ch kh6i qudt thi con ngtdi td m\t tdng thdthudn nhdt gdm thd xdc vd tdm hdn kdt hqp vdi nhau mbtctich ch(t ch|. Co thd ngudi ld mQt tQp hQp phfc tap crianhi6u td bao rdt nh6 ydu nhung lai rdt d6o dai b6n bI, nhdkhi ning ru bdi bd, tu bidn cii dd ddi ph5 vdi tinh thd. Tamhdn ngudi dtto. c bidu lQ qua nhflng hoat dQng tlm lf cria ngrrdi.Sr/ quan s6t cho ta thdy ngrldi c6 tri th6ng minh, c6 tinh c6m,c6 n[ng khidu thdm m! vd c5 chlc tin.

Vi ngrrdi ld mOt tdng thd thuAn nhrlt n6n gifia nhfrng hoqtd6ng tdm lj, vd sinh ly cfia ngtdi cd mQt tildng quan ch(tclZ. Nnfng sr/ thay adi noac tang tnldng cd thd drra ddn srr

thay ddi vd nhfn thrfc. Ngrrdc lai, xtic dQng tdm lf cflng c6thd 6nh hrrdng tnJc tidp ddn trang thi{i quan ndng cia cd thd.

MUC r. NGUYEN tv Slrun t6ruTrong srl hoat dQng hdng ngiy cflng nhd trong s{ fng

ph6 vdi ngoai gidi, con ngtldi tiy thuQc mQt ci{ch ch4t ch6vdo nhfrng bin ndng tf'c Ia nhfng khuynh hrldng trl nhi6nthfc ddy ngtrdi hoat dQng. Ta c6 thd phAn biQt bdn loai binnlng ld: Bin NEng Vi Ki, Bfrn Ning Tinh Dgc, B6n NingXA HQi vi B6n NIng SuY LuQn.

Bin NIng Vi Kf nhXm vio vi6c bio vQ sg sdng cbn criac6 nhAn; B6n NIng Tinh Dgc hrrdng ddn srl hiQn diQn, t6ntai 1i6n tuc cfia chring loai; Bin NIng Xe HOi tao nhlrng di6ukiQn cAn thidt cho sUhgp qudn trong xd hQi. Bdn NIng SuyLuQn gifip con ngrrdi khr{m phri nhtrng di6u mdi 14 dd td chrlcddi sdng ngiy cing tdt dep hon vi tidn ddn Chdn, ThiQn, M!.

Ciic bin ning vrYa dd cQp tdi that ra kh6ng hoin todnt6ch biet nhau, mi tiic d6ng qua lai vdi nhau, 15m khi hdahQp vdi nhau. Nhdng ddu trong tnldng hop nio, chring cflngAdu nrrOng chung vd mOt muc dich duy nhdt ld mrru srJ sdng

Dfl-vrET oudc-oAu-oAuc *.383

cdn cho con ngddi, sdng cdn crta c6 nh6n hay sdng cbn cfiad6ng loai. NhtI vdy, ta c5 thd xem tdt ci cdc b6n ndng cfiangudi ld nhfrng hinh thrlc khiic nhau cria mQt bin nlng duynh6't: Bin NEng Sinh Tdn.

Bdn ndng Sinh $n c6 tinh cdch thiAn bdm, ld mQt thdnhphdn tq nhiAn ctta con ngtdi: nd xudt hiQn khi ngudi mdisinh ra vd chi fiAu diil khi ngudi chdt.Trong th{c td, n6 chiphdi toin bQ hoat tlQng vd tldi sdng cria ngrrdi, rU hic ngUdimdi c6't tidng chdo ddi cho ddn lfc xu6i tay nh5m m{t. ViBin NIng Sinh Tdn mi ngudi c6 mOt f chi sinh tdn manhm6. Y chi sinh t6n ph6t hiQn mOr c6ch 16 rQt rong tdt ci moihoat d6ng cria ngddi.

'... M\t chfing tOc kd fit thdi tidn srt cho ttdn nay, ndophd nmg xA nii, cdy cdy chdnnu1i, ndo ho.p thdnhbQ lqc hayhgp nAn qudc gia cfrng quy vdo mQt mgc dich ld: Tranh dduldy sq sdng cdn chung cho hq vd cho con chdu hq... Xem thdthi dil biA't vdh dd sinh tdn ld trung tdm didm cho vdn dd xdhQi, chinh tri, kinh tdvd moi cuQc bidn cdi trong lich srt..."(Ch,fi nghia Ddn TQc Sinh Tdn, Luqc Gidi Oqi t)

Nghi6n cr1u ky moi hoat dQng cria ngrrdi trJxrla ddn nay,ta thdy rXng muc dich chinh ydu cria ngrldi li mrtu srf S6'ngCdn cho minh.

Vd mat v6t chdt, ngudi hoat clQng dd nu6i thdn, <td gi8gin trlnh mang, k6o ddi vd n6ng cao sd sdng cfia minh. V6mdt tinh thAn, ngUdi mudn drloc trtdo ph6t bidu tinh cim, trItddng, sd thich cfia minh, theo dudi nguyQn vong vi td chrlcddi sdng riOng cria minh theo sd thich.

Hdn nfra, ngrldi cdn mudn su sdng vd hoat itQng ctia minh6nh hrrdng tn"rc tidp <ldn thdn nhAn cria minh, ddn m6i tnldngsinh hoat cfia minh vh ddn ddng loai cria minh nfra.

Sau hdt, ngrldi cflng mudn rIng sau khi minh chdt di,{nQt phAn srr sdng cfia minh cdn ltnr lai trAn thd. Ldng hammudn c6 mOt dfa con ndi aOi t6ng dddng, strcdgXng itd t4o

384 * PAU D^N

mQt t6c phdm nghQ thuQt, m6t c6ng trinh vI d4i hay mQt sr/nghiQp hidn h6ch, srJ tha thidt mudn truydn bri trr trrdng criaminh cho k6 khifc, bao nhi6u cdi d6 chrlng t6 rXng con ngrrdimudn bdnh trudng su sdng cria minh.

Duy tri sr,t sdng cbn cria minh v6 hai mlt vQt chdt vd tinhthAn, trong hiQn tai vd trldng lai, ldm cho stI sdng cdn criaminh d6 ddng sung sr.Idng vh bdnh tnrdng mdi ra, dd c6 thdtruydn sd sdng quanh minh trong khi minh cdn sdng vi saukhi da chdt, ld nhfrng sdc th6i, nhf,ng bidu hiQu, nhfrng cdttinh cd bin, trlnhi6n cria b6n ndng, cfia f chi sinh tdn cfia conngrldi. N6i t6m 14i, Sinh Ho4t vd Tdn T4i, S6'ng vi Cbn, d6li t6't ci muc dich hoat dQng cfia con ngudi.

fdt cit cu6c ddi cria ngudi ddu qu6y quAn chung quanhhai chf, Sinh Tdn: sinh t6n vd vAt chdt, sinh tdn vd tinh thAn,sinh t6n ciua c5,.nh0n, sinh t6n cria chring loai, sinh tdn tronghiQn tai vh sinh t6n mdi m6i trong tudng lai. Sinh Tdn h mQtchdn lf ngin ddi.

A. NGUYEN tT SII,IU T6U VI NHTING NGUYEN TAC UUcAru aAX CHO NHUNG CHO NGHiA DA LIJU UAI'IU

Ap dUng dinh luQt sinh tdn dd nhfln tlinh nhtrng lf thuydtvi chti ngtria kh6c ta thdy rXng:

- Nguy6n tic TV Do, Binh Ddng cria 1! tfuryft DdnChit s6dl ph6t sinh drroc ld vi vdo thdki 17 vi 1 8, su sinh t6ncria ddn chring Au ChAu bi uy hidp thiii qu6 drrdi mQt chd d0chuy6n chd kh6c nghiQt, vrla b6 buQc, vta bdt c6ng. Dfng16n ddi tu do vi binh d8ng, dAn chting Au Chdu thdt ra chimudn dlriac sinh tdn ddy cl0 hon tnldc.

- Ddi vdi nhfrng ngudi COng Sin, ho cho rXng giar cdptranh cldu ld dOng cd vd hinh th6i ddu tranh cd bdn thric ddysil tidn tridn lich sft cta lodi ngtldi til ngin xua ddn nay. Th{tra, nguy6n tdc giai cdp tranh ddu dA chi ph6t sinh trong mQtxd hQi trong d6 giai cdp lao dQng bi uy hidp th6i qu6 kh6ng

DA! -vE-T ondc- oAu -silr c * 38s

thd sinh dn dttoc.N5 kh6ng c6, khdng thd xdy ra d nhfrng x6h6i drroc td chri'c di6u hda trong d5 moi ngUdi ddu c6 di6uki€n, cd h6i, mdu cdu dAy drj srl sinh t6n cfia minh. Giai cdptranh cl6'u chi li m6t mdt, m6t khia canh cria Sinh Tdn tranhdA'u trong m6t giai Cloan lich sfr cfia m6t xd h6i nio d6. Thdth6i! Giai c6'p tranh dl'u kh6ng gi6i thich duoc moi cu6c tranhddu gitra ngrldi vdi ngrldi, gifra s6c d6n niy vdi sdc ddn khiic,gifra dAn t6c ndy vdi dAn tQc khr{c.

"... NguyAn nhdn xdu xa cfia giai cdp xung d6t d cdcnadc kl nghA phdt dat cfing chi vi sinh hoat xd hQi kh6ngdrroc diAu hda, su sinh 6n c,fia giai cdp dudi bi uy hiAp...;,(Chil nghla Ddn T6c Sinh Tdn, Liloc Gidi Dqi t)

Th€m nfra, giai cdp tranh d6'u chi g6y ra srl ph6 hoai,ldm trd ngai cho sr/ tidn h5a, trong khi cu6c sinh tdn tranhddu da lhm cho lodi ngrrdi tidn bQ kh6ng ngUng. trthrrthd, ldygiai c6'p tranh ddu gi6i thich sr/tidn tridn Hch sfr li mQt sU sailAm. Sinh T6n tranh d6'u mdi ld cln bin hoat dQng cfia loiingudi.

- Nhf,ng Chrt NghTa Phdt Xit cfia Mussolini vd eu6bXd ctra Hitler dd ph6t sinh vi d6n Y vi d6n Df,c sau khi tr6nfndCnidn Thf Nhdr cht'm dft da kh6ng c6 ctidu ki6n thudnti6n tdi thidu dd c6 thd sinh r6n, chrl kh6ng ph6i ln hQu qu6cfia giai c6lp tranh ddu trong ndn xd h6iY vn Dfc hic il6.

- Chil Nghia Tam Ddn cta T6n Vdn ra ddi dd Adi pnOvdi tinh thdddr bi6t trong nddc hic d6 cd,cli€t crrdng uy hidpndng nd sl sinh tdn ciad6n t6c Trung Hoa. Trong c:ic thuydtDdnTQc vd, Ddn Sinh,T6nVdn l6n tidng cinh giric nhidu ldnld ndu ngudi Trung Hoa kh6ng sdm girlc ng6, kh6ng lo tranhdd'u thi s6 bi diQt vong.

R6 rdng rlng nhfrng nguy€n tic lim cdn bin cfia nhtrngchfi nghla vira kd dd duoc dua ra nhim gi6i quydt si sinh tdncfia ddn chfng trong m6t nUdc nio d6 d vho mQr thdi k!' nhdtdinh ndo d6. N6i m6t ci{ch cU thd hdn, ciic chri nghia n6u tr€n

386 * PHUDl\N

chi c6 tinh c6ch dla phuong vd, tam thdi,Y'h6ng vrldt ndikh6ng gian vh thdi gian.

Vl-chi 1o gi6i quydt nhfing kh6 khln nh6't thdi, nhfrngnguy6n t6c nny kh6ng bao qu6t drtgc vdn dd chinh ydu tdvdn-cl6 sinh $n ctta citmQt din t6c, md chi quanh qudn 6 c6cvdn dd phu nhrl td do, binh d8ng, giai cdp ddu tranh v.v"' dotinh trang xd h6i phrit sinh m6i hic.

B. TINH cAcH c6r vEu cLt st/ slNH rdru; riuu vt xtCon ngrrdi c6 m6t f chi sinh t6n rdt m4nh. Tdt ci mqi

hoat clQng Lria ngtldi d6u do bin n[ng sinh t6n chi phdi viddu quy vdo muc tlich sinh t6n.

iuy nhi€n, gi6 tri cria m6i ngrrdi kh6ng phii ddu bXngnhau. Trong m5i ngudi ddu c6 crli thri ti{nh tdn b4o nXm kdb6n c6i thi0n ltrong thuAn hiu. Trong sU hoat dQng sinh tdn,c6 ngddi hodn todn nO lQ nhffng thf t6nh cfia minh, nhungcUng c6 ngr-Idi chdng{ dtloc chring dd ph6t tridn thi6n ludng,hrldng ddn mOt ddi sdng cao thUdng.

Nhdng dAu nd lQ thi dUc hay chdngrJdrrqc chfng, ngrrdicfing bi ctri ptrdi bdi tinh vl ki.Tinh vi k! nny c5 thd ld ngutdi ttridn cin, nhung cfrng c6 thd le siing sudt kh6n ngoan.

"... BAn cqnh tinh thdn v6 tu dd ndp sdn ldng vi l$ vdcilng nhau t6n 4i mdi mdi. Cdi kia tqi td li' do tdn 4i c'ilactii nq. Cho nhn vd phtong dian tdm tj' thi bdn ndng sinh tdnvd j, thtc ddng loqi sdn cd trong thAm fim mqi ngudi khi mdira ildi vd vdn nguyAn ven nht til ngdn xua. Hai cdi dy ldn guy An nhdn ctla s u y A u ghdt khbng diu nhau... " ( Chil N ghtaOan fO, Sinh T6n, Lttqc Gidi Dqi t)

Danh tU vi k! thudng drrgc hidu theo ngtria hep, hdm fxdu, chi bidt c6 minh, chi nghi tldn nhf,ng quydn loi thdphdn, ri6ng trl. Nhrlng 6 clAy, ta n6n hiduvil$ theo nghia rQngld "cd khuynh hudng duavdo minh, ldy minh ldm gdc trongmoi viAc vd quy moi viAc vd minh".

DAI'VIEt 0mC'DAt'l-DANG * 387

Trong ddi sdng hing ngdy, ngrldi bao gid cfing nghi ddnminh, cfing 1o cho minh trudc hdt. D6 h di6u trrnhiOn. NhrIngngodi nhf,ng hinh dQng cria tinh vi kf hep hdi hiQn ra m6rc6ch 16 rdng, ngUdi cdn c6 nhflng hinh d6ng cao thUdng, uitha.D6i vdi sd ngudi ndy, nhfrng hinh ilQng ildc biQt "caothudng" kh6ng hhm chrla chrit vi kj,nio, nhrlng ndu x6t k!,thi d6 cflng chi ld ttnh vi k! hidu theo nghTa r6ng, mOt su vik! sdng sudt vd kh1n ngoan.

Tinh vi tcf ttrd hi6n trong nhidu l6nh vrlc. Trong l6nh vrJctil ttdng vd, nghA thudt, ngr/di chi khen nhf,ng cdi gi hop vdif minh vi bdi xich nhtrng c5i gi minh kh6ng rla thich. Trongldnh vuc t1n gido cflng thd, ngrrdi thd cring 16 b6i ld dd cAucho thdn minh phi hQ chinh minh hay kh6ng gidt hai minh.

Trong lSnh vuc cria cdi v6t chfl't, ngrldi lu6n 1u6n mudnc6 cria ri6ng, da thich nhfrng crii gi thuQc vd minh. D6 ld bdnnlng trlhfru cfia con ngUdi.

Ngoii ra, tinh vi k! cdn xudt hi6n trong tinh thrrong giadinh, ldng y6u nam nfr, vi srl hy sinh cho dai nghia nfra.

Trong l6nh vrlc gia dinh,cha me thdong con khOng nhfrngvi con ld mQtphdn m6u huydt cria minh md cbn vi cha me dddd nhidu c6ng lao nu6i ndng con n6n mdi triu mdn con nhidu.

Trong tinh yAu nam nrZ, trai gdr y6u nhau ho[c vi haptinh nhau, ho6c mudn nddng tUa nhau sudt ddi. Srf ghen tu6ngcria hg cfrng Id bidu hiQn cfia tinh vi ki, vi khi y€u nhau,ngrrdi ta mudn cho ngrrdi y6u chi bidt c6 minh, kh6ng drrocnghi cldn m6t ai khdc nffa.

C6 ddn nhfrng tnldng hgp xdthdnvi dai nghia-hy sinhcho Td Qudc, hy sinh cho t6n gi6o----cflng hdm chfa tinh c6chvi kjt b€n trong. Khi vi Td qudc, vi t6n gi6o md xe than,ngrldi dd quydt tdm b6o vC sr/ sinh tdn cfia ddt nr/dc, cfia drlctin vi mudn ldm cho tOn tudi cria minh t6n t4i m6i mdi vdi sfis6ch. X6 thdn dd tranh d6'u cho 16 sdng cl6, ho cdm thdy sungr,rOng hdn le chdp nhfn m6t cu6c sdng trii nhuc cfia kidp n5

388 * PHU DN

vong, cliy doa, kh6ng dinh hudng.T6m lai, sttr vi k) @idu theo nghia rQng) ld kdt qu6 trr

nhie n cia st1 sinh tdn. Sg sinh tdnbitbuQc con ngrrdi phdi vlkj,vn ddu mudn ddu kh6ng, ngudi cfrng kh6ng sao tho6t kh6is{ vl /cy niy. Nhrrng sV vi k) c6 thd hgp hdi hay rQng r6i, ngudQn hay s6ng sudt, vd gi6 tri d4o dtlc cria m6i ngrrdi tty d ch6ngrrdi vi ki mQtc6ch r6ng rdi hay hgp hdi, sring sudt hay ngudQnmi th6i.

Nhu v6y, mudn cho ngtrdi phung srr quydn ldi chung,phrrong ph6p hay nhdt li ldm cho ho th6'y rd,ng quydn lqiri\ng ctia hg ndm trong quyin lqi chung dy.

MUC lt. orEu ruEru cAN sAN cHo sU slNHA. DINH LUAT CANH TRANH SINH TON

Ta dd thdy ring si sinh $nld cl6ng cd duy nhdt thfc ddyngUdi hoat dQng.

Mudn sinhtin,ngddi phii chdng l4i ciic mdi nguy c5 thdlhm h4i tinh mang minh vi tim nhf,ng m6n in udng cho nodri. V{y, mudn sinh t6n, ngudi phdi tranh ddu.

Tranh dduld ili6u kiQrr cdn b6n cria srJ sirft rd'rz. Srr tranhddu niy, ta n6n hidu theo ngtrTa rQng: n6 li srJ cd g6ng criamOt sinh vOt tld thXng mQt sinh vQt kh6c, hoac tld ldm m6tviQc c6 ich ldi cho minh.

Lodi ngrrdi til xrla ddn nay 1u6n 1u6n phdi tranh cl6'u vdiba tr6ltrc ld Thi6n Nhi6n, Cdm Thrfi vi Ddng Lo4i. CuQctranh ddu vdi ba trd luc ndy song hinh vdi nhau: ng[di vUaphdi cdt nhd dd ff6nh mrra ndng, vila phii s[n b6t thri vflt ddldm thr/c phdm, vta phii canh tranh vdi d6ng lo4i.

Kh6ng nhfrirg tranh cldu vdi nhfirrg tr6 h/c b6n ngodi, ngtldicdn tranh ttdu vdi nOi tdm dd chdngunhfrng thi dlrc th6'p hEncfia minh. Cu6c tranh tldu vdi nQi t6m minh dd dtrgc ghi 14itrong kinh si{ch cfia c6c t6n gi6o.

T6m lai, sdng li phii tranh ddt. Sq tranh ddu sinh tdn td

Dfl-uE-T ordc-ofu-oAlc * 389

m\t dinh ludt cdt ydu cila ddi sdng con ngrdi. Nd ld mQt hiQnuqng dqi ddng vd bao qudt tdt cd cdc thdi dqi. Nd ld milt cdichia kh6a gidi thich tdt cd cdc biAh cd lich srt, vd cfrng tddiiu kiQn dd tidn hda.

CuOc tranh ddu c6 khi 6n hba, c6 Y,hi hung bao. NuOi thrivdt lim gia sfc, tranh dua nhau trong nhfng cuQc trinh di6nthd thao, canh tranh nhau tr6n m5t trQn kinh tdhay brit chidnnhau cld brio vQ trl tudng cria chinh minh, d6u li nhfrng hinhthrlc tranh cl6'u 6n hda. Ngrldc lai, nhfrng cuQc chidn tranhddn t6c, gi6i ph6ng, t6n gi6o... ddu ld nhflng hinh thrlc rld'utranh c6 dd m6u.

I. Lugl S0c Mqnh:Mudn n6m phAn th6ng loi cho cuQc tranh ddu, ngr/di phii

c6 stc manh v6t ch6't vi tinh thAn. Trong lich sfi tranh ddulodi ngddi, sfc manh bao gid cflng ld ydu tdchinh mang laisU th6ng ldi, "mqnh duoc, yA'u thua," d6 ld thrrc td kh6ng aiphri nhdn dugc. MQt qudc gia cluoc tdn tai vd duy tri duoc ndndQc lQp cfia minh lh do srlc manh chiinh tri, srlc manh kinh tdvi stlc manh qu6n srl cria qudc gia d6.

TrCn tnldng qudc td, 6nh hudng cria mQt ddn tQc ddi vOim6t ddn t6c kh6c ld do ndi tudng quan luc hlgng gilra c6c ddntQc dy.

2. tugt Bidn Cdi:Srlc manh dd d5ng vai tudng quan trong trong sd tranh

ddu. Tuy nhi€n, c6 nhi6u tnldng hop srlc manh khOng dfi ddmang lai srJ th5ng loi cho ngudi. Do d6, ngoii srlc manh,ngudi cdn cAn c6 m6t ydu td kh6c nf,a d6 ld Xu Hudng BiAhcdi.

Xu Htdng BiAh Cdi ld khd ndng thich nghi theo hodncdnh, dd rmg phd vdi nhrtng didu kiQn bdt thuQn loi, vd tld

390 * 9

PHUDN

tranh thdng trong mqi tinh thd, dil dd ld tinh thd hodn todnbdt lqi.

Xu Hr/dng Bidn Cii li mQt hiQn tudng tU nhi6n, k:h6ngphdi chi c6 ndi con ngr/di vd cdn duqc ghi nhQn d nhfrng sinhvQt ha cdp ntra, vi du nhrlloii s6u bq bidt ddi meu, bidn hinhcho pht hop vdi m6i tnrdng dn ndp; 16 cAy, th6n c6y hrrdngvd phia c6 nrldc ho{c 6nh si{ng mf,t trdi.

Nhd c6 Xu Hrrdng Bidn Cdi, con ngr/di dd d4t thdng loitrong stl tranh d1'u vdi thi6n nhi6n vd lodi thri n6n sinh tdndrJqc ddn ngdy nay. Kh6ng nhfrng th6ng loi, ngudi cinTiAhH6anAa. Con ngtrdi bdy gid tranh ddu vdi thi€n nhi€n vd thridf d6 ddng hdn con ngrldi ngiy xrla gdp bQi, nhd nhfrng dungcu tinh x6o md ngudi dd chdtqo cltloc cho minh.

3. tuQt HQp Qudn vd Gi6o Drlc:o.HQpQudn:

SU tap hdp nhidu ngrrdi l4i vdi nhau goi lit sg hqp qudn.Hqp qudn tqo ra sfic mqnh. Kinh nghiQm cho ta thdy

rXng mQt ngudi don dQc ddu c6 stc manh vi c6 xu htdngbidn cdi crrdng kiQn ddn ddu cf,ng kh6ng thd drrong itAu drrQcvdi moi cinh ng6. Bdi al6, ngtrdi phii hgp qudn nhau lai ddtranh ddu.

Quan s6t lich sfinhdn loai, ta thdy pham vi hdp quAn criangrldi cdng ngiy cing md rQng: tl cd nhdn ddn gia dinh, giadinh ddn thi tQc, thi tQc ddn b0 lac, bQ lsc ddn ddn tQc.

Nhdng ph4m vi hQp quAn cdng rQng thi ngrldi cing itddng nhdt, tinh cim cDng s[ li6n l4c giita cd nhnn cing bdtm{t thidt vi sr/ td chrlc cria ngddi cdng bdt ch4t ch6. Ifti sr/hgp quAn m6 rQng ddn mQt pham vi nio d6 thi con ngtldi b6tcldu lo cho sr/ sinh tdn riAng crta minh nhidu hdn 1A 1o cho stfsinh t6n chung. Mlt khiic, ta thdy xudt hiQn b6n trong dodnthd ldn nhttng doin thd nh6 quy mp nhfrng ngtldi c6 quydn lgivQt chdt hay tinh thAn gidng nhau, nhu c6c tl6ng chinh tri,

oar-vlEI (lr.nc-DAN{ANc * 391

cilc dodn thd t6n gi6o, cdc td chrlc nghiQp doin, vf,n doiLn,c6c hQi 6i htru, trldng tdv.v...

SU hgp qudn, drtoc thuc hi6n qua nhidu ydu td:TrrIdc hdt, ngrrdi hop quAn theo huydt thdng trong pham

vi gia dinh. Kdd6, ngddi hop qudn theo tdm ttnh d€ kdt banvdi nhau, hop quAn theo tin ngildng Od Arng chung trong m6tgi6o hQi, hop qudn theo nghd nghiQp dd td chrlc c6c nghiQpdodn, hop quAn theo tt tuhng 0d tap ra nhfrng vdn dodn,nhtrng chinh cl6ng...

Nhfrng hinh thrlc hgp qudn kd ra rdt nhi6u, nhung trtutrung con ngudi hop qudn theo I thttc d6ng loai,ngttlaln hgpqudn khi thdy rXng gifra ho c6 m6t sdOidm hay m6t di6u ndod6 ttrong d6ng vdi nhau.

Sg tuong d6ng cing ldn thi sU hqp qudn cing ch4t ch6.Bdi d6, mudn duy tri srrhdp quAn, ngrrdi ta phii cdtAng cddngydu tdtuong d6ng.

Nhfrng loai trlong d6ng quan trong ld: Trfdng DdngChring Lo4i, Tddng Ddng TAm T6nh, Trldng Ddng TrrTd8ng, Trldng Ddng Hoin C6nh.

b. Gi6o Duc:Gi6o duc nhXm ndng cao trinh dQ hidu bidt, rBn luy6n

thd x6c, ndng cao phdm ch6't dao dri'c, phiit tridn f thrlc kdthop, cii tidn k! thuQt lim viQc... cho moi ngddi vi m6i ngrlditrong c6ng ddng d0n tQc dd c6 th€m didu kiQn thuQn lgi giinhtdy sr/ todn th6ng trong c6ng cuQc tranh tla'u dd sinh t6n.

Trong cu6c sdng hda hOp tr€n cd sd ddn tQc, con ngr/ditruydn dat, hrldng d6n cho nhau nhflng kinh nghiQm tldu tranhdd thAu th{p drIQc qua thdi gian nhhm muc dich c6i tidn cuQcsdng dd bio ddm sd sinh t6n cho dudc sung mdn. TU cl6, qudtrinh lich sfr vi vf,n h6a drroc hinh thinh.

392 * ?

PIIUDAN

B. DINH LUAI u6 tUduostrs rdruTrong n6 h1c tim kidm hanh phric, mrtr"r cdu srl sdng cdn

con ngrrdi ph6i tr6i qua nhi6u trd luc ldn lao. Mudn vudt quanhtrng trd hlc dy, con ngudi khi thi dirng srlc manh dd s6tphat, hic 14i hda ddng, hdp tiic dd tOn tai vi tidn h5a.

I. Luet Hdo D6ng:Tinh chdt hda ddng cld c6 s5'n til b6n thd cta van vdt.

Nhd tinh ndy, van v6t dd tidp cQn nhau thu hrit nhau hdaddng vdi nhau dd l6p thdquAn binh md tdn t4i.

Van vQt tdn tai drrgc ld do stl hda ddng chrlkh6ng tuyQtnhi6n do bdi b6n ch6't mdu thu5n, hfiy diQt. Trong m6i vflt thdcri biQt c1d sfrn c6 tinh hda cl6ng, vi vi vfly v{t thd clrroc t6ntai, sinh s6n vd t[ng trddng.

Chinh tinhhda ddng cria conngrrdi d6 thric ddy con ngrldichdp nh{n nhau, chiu drrng nhau vi kdt hgp vdi nhau thdnhnhllng tQp thd, nhfrng cQng ddng, nhffng ddn tOc dd cirng sdng,cing t6n tai, cDng tidn h6a.

2. Lugt Hdp Thd:Van vQt t6n tai vd vdn chuydn trong thdqudn binh tudng

Odi Oo sdthu hrit 15n nhau; suthu hrit tao dgng thdtrrong quanvd 6nh hrrdng 15n nhau. Chinh su tUdng quan vi 6nh hrrdng15n nhau tich lfly vh ddy manh srl hinh thinh hgp thd. Tdnghgp cria hgp thd nay tao thdnh s{ hiQn hfru cria van v6t.

Ndi con ngudi thi tinh kdt hgp ld nguy6n tdco bin d5ndittdisrJ 1i6n kdt. srr doin kdt tr6n binh diQn qudc gia dd t4odgng srlc manh muu cAu sr/t6n tai vi thdng hoa chung trongcuQc sdng.

MUC 1il. ruEru rAruO rdr xdpi.= Ao m6ne THE Gtdt ou o6ue

Trong hdn b6y thip ni€n vila qua, kd tr} nghy CQng Sin

Dfl-vE-T oudc.oAu.sAuc * sqe

thinh c6ng trong viQc chidm doat quydn h/c t4i Nga rhi quanni€m vd mQt thdgidi dai d6ng dtroc CQng Sdn qudc tdcd vOhon bao gid hdt, dlc biQt tar c6c qudc gia ch6m tidn nghdod6i. Thrrc ra, rutt/dng thA'gioi dqi ddng di c6 till6u. Cd 16 n6d5 xu6't hiQn tr) hic con ngudi thdnh l6p drrdc nhfrng xd h6i

.^2rong ral va on dlnh.Tnrdc Karl Marx, dd c6 bidt bao nhiCu ngrldi chri tnrong

nh6n loai cAn ph6i hop nhA't lai dd sdng hda binh vdi nhau.Trong

-sd c6c ngddi ndy, chring ta phdi kd tnrdc hdt nhffinggirio td cdc r6n giSo ldn. Kd d6 li nhf,ng nhi ct4i hidn tridtduoc nhdn loai t6n stng nhrlKhdng Tr?, Manh Tr?, MAc Tr?,Platon, Aristote v.v... Sau ctng, lai cdn nhfrng nhi chinh trikh6ng trtdng nhrrSaint Simon, Owen, Fourier, proudhon...vi c5 ci nhf,ng vin gia, hoc gi6 giiu tdng nh6n dao, mongmudn th6'y nhdn loai thrtong y6u girip <ld ldn nhau., Nhfng ngddi ndy ddu dr/o. c nhAn loai mdn phuc, r6n sirng.Anh hr/6ng cria ho lan r6ng cldn nlm chdu vi tdn tai dd nhiduthdki. Nhung 16r cu6c, thdgidi dai d6ng dd kh6ng thuc hiendugc.

"Gidc m\ng dqi d6ng vdn hodn todn ld do mQng..." (ChftNghla Ddn T6c Sinh Tdn, Lilqc Gidi Dqi t)

Nhrr thd ld vi c6 nhfrng nguyCn nhdn s6u xa chia 16 lodingudi khidn ho kh6ng bao gid hop nhdt drloc trong pham vithdgidi.

Nhfrng nguy6n nh6n chia 16 ndy gdm c6: stl cung cduch€nh l6ch nhau, :i thfc d6ng loai, bin ning sinh tdn, tinhthich vinh quang, tU trldng ba't d6ng vd th1't tinh.

I. Stlcung cdu ch6nh l6ch:Cho ddn ngiy nay, sdluong thuc chldc sin xu6't tr€n mdt

ddt v6n cbn chua dri cung ri'ng cho nhu cdu cria lodi ngrrdingiy mQt gia tlng. Sr/ thidu thdn chrra gi6i quydt dUdc, do d6,st/tranh giinh tld sdng cta loii ngudi vdn cdn ridp rgc va tr6

394 * piruDiN

n€n gay g5t.1'..'. ia, vd phtrong di€n thqc d ta thdy sd nhdn khdu tran

fud gidi cdng ngdy cdng tdng md mdt dia cdu kh)ng rQngthAm ra tdc ndo cd. Cdc nguyAn hQu kh6ng tdng, cdc tdi chdbidn cfia khoa hoc chi cd gidi han md ldng nhdn dqc thikh6ng bd bdn. Nhdn loqi sd di ddn budc dtdng cilng, khdldng trdnh kh6i su xO xit l6n nhau..." (Ch'fi Nghta Ddn TQc

Sinh T6n, Ltqc Gidi Dqi t)Chinh sd cung cdu ch6nh lQch d5 dd ldm cho lodi ngr-Idi

ddu tranh vdi nhau khOng ngUng, do vdy rrdc vong thd gididai d6ng dd kh6ng thd thr,tc hiQn duqc trong thrrc td.

z. f tn0c d6ng bgi:t thrtc ddng loqi li mOt bin nlng khidn cho mQt sinh vQt

bidt mQt sinh vQt kh6c cing loai vdi minh, vi d6 mi con gilu6n 1u6n di v6i ddn gh, kh6ng 15n lQn vdi ddn v1t.

f thrtc ddng loqildm cho con ngr-fdi c6 xu hudng tr/ nhi6nmay gan gur va cam th6ng vdi nhf,ng ngddi mi hq thdy gidngminh hdn ld nhf,ng k6 md ho cho lh xa la, kh6c hq.

"Bdn ndng sinh $n vd it thrtc ddng loqi sdn cd trongthdm tdm m1i ngudi khi mdi ra ddi vd vdn nguyAn ven tilngdn xila. Hai cdi dy ld nguyAn nhdn chinh ydu cila sq ydughit kh6ng ddng ddu nhau- Ngtdi ta bao gid cfrng c6 khuynhhudng t{ nhi\n h yAu qu'! vd tOn trong hon nhfrng cdi gi mdminh cd cdm trdng ld chinh cila minh hay gdn minh hon' SU

chAnh bch ngay tl d noi nguy1n thfiy dy chinh ld cdi cd phdtsinh ra bao nhiAu s{ chia rd trong xd hQi lodi ngudi' V yAu

ghdt kh6ng ddng diu nhau nAn mdi xdy ra su phdn biAt bdcon, bqn bb thdnh ngtdi thdn kA sd. Do d6, lan rQng mdithdnh tinh thdn bi pfuii, tinh thdn xt s0, tinh thdn chfing tQc,

fitfirdng qudc gia. Hai cdi bdnndng tAnldbdt di€t..." rchrtNghTabanf6,, SinhTdn, Luqc Gidi Dqit)

t thttc ddng loqild mQt bin ndng chia r€ loii ngrrdi hdt

Dfl-uE-T oudc.oAu.oAuc * 39s

srlc sAu ddm, vi d5, tirxrla nhi6u ngrldi dd cdgdng lim cho n6diu bdt lai. Thdn thoai Trdm Con Cilng MQt Mq cria ngrrdiViQt Nam cflng nhrt truy6n cd tich cfia ngudi NhQt cho rhngho cing ld, con chdu cfia Tfuii Duong Thdn Nrt il c lutr truy6ntrong qu6ng dai quAn chdng nhXm cd v6 vi phrit tridn ldngy6u thr/ong gifra nhfrng ngrldi cing sinh sdng tr€n m6t ldnhthd qudc gia hdu gi6m thidu sd x6u x6 l5n nhau.

3. Bdn nong Sinh tdn:B6n nlng Sinh tdn ld m6t khi ndng khidn cho m6t sinh

vdt trJ nhi6n c6 1i mudn duy tri srt sdng cria minh.Bdn ndng SinhindSn tdi sVvi ki.Nhung ngudi v6n cd

thd hy sinh dd cho nhffng k6 thdn minh duoc sdng, nhu thd,ngudi d6 vt/dt qua str vi k! dd ttrd nien lbng vi thatongthdctd

Ngudi chri truong thdgidi dai ddng b6o rhng n€n hriy b6ldng vi ki di, chi duy tri vi phi{t tridn ldng vi tha mi th6i.Nhung, nhu ta da bidt, trong y hudng vi tha, v5n him chrlaldng vi k1l.

TiI vi kf , 6c ttI hfru cfia con ngrldi duoc n6y sinfr vd t6ntai nhrl mOt b6n nlng kh6ng thd xda b6 cluoc. Do d6, n6 ldm6t tr6 luc cho vi6c rdp trung cria cii dd lim cfia chung trongctrddo CQng Sdn.

4. Tinh thich vinh quong:Tinh thichvinh quang li b6n nf,ng cria moi sinh vflt. N6

ld ngudn gdc cfia stl phdn biQt ng1i thtl.Trong lodi thti, srtphdn biQt niy di6n ra m6t ciich 16 ret. MQt ddn chim bay, m6rdin thf di tim m6i bao gid cfing c6 con ddu ddn.

Odi vOi lodi ngr/di, str rranh chdp dd giinh ng6i thri l4icdng mdnh li6t hon n[a. CAu "Thd ldm ngtdi ldn nhdt trongldng cdn hon ldm ngtdi tht nhi tai thdnh l.a Md'cta C6sarcflng nhtl c dl"Thd ldm ddu gd hdn ldm itu6i trdu" crtangudi

396 * PHU DAN

ViQt Nam dti t6m t6t tinh thdn thich vinh quang cta loii ngrrdi."... Gia dT tu tttdng ngudi ta bdt ddng vi moi ngtdi nghl

ra mQt cdch, lai thlm ldng vi l$t, tinh thtch vinh quang vdtham quydn chinh. Nhrtng cdi ndy dd gdy ra bao trQn ltuhuydt vd chia rZ nhrtng ngtrdi cilng huydt thdng theo mfi chrtnghTa, thd mQt tOn gido ra ldm nhidu phdi chdng nhau..."(bn,;t Nsnia Dan T1i Sinh T6n, Luqc Gidi Dqi t)

Chinh vi dd th6a mdn tinh thich vinh quang ndy, ngrrdid6 tranh nhau ilc 1i6t, trong viQc gidnh gi{t quydn lrtc, kh6ngai chiu nhrldng nhin ai. Lich st lodi ngrrdi' ddy d6y nhfrng vidu dd chrlng minh di6u d6. Vl thd, chi tnrdng thd gidi daiddng kh6ng thd ndo thr/c hiQn cluqc.

5. IutrJdng bdt d6ng:Con ngrrdi vdn kh6n ngoan n€n drlng trudc bdt tuQn tinh

thd ndo cfing ddu nghl ra drrQc phfdng ch6m ddi ptrO. D6 laxu htdng bidn cdi cfia ngddi, md ngrrdi nio cflng cho xu hudngbiAn cdicta minh ld hay nhdt, thich hgp nhdt. Do il6 mi sinhra su xung dOt nhau vi f kidn bdt ddng.

Gif,a nhflng ngUdi khSc gidng ndi, kh6c tQp qudn hay tinngddng, sUbdt ddng trrtrldng li 16 di nhiOn, giffa nhffng ngudicing gidng nbi, cing tQp qu6n hay tin ngrrdng mi cfing c6 stJ

bdt d6ng v6 trrtudng nfra.PhQt Gi6o chia thinh hai phdi Tidu Thta vd' Dai Thila,

mi trong m6i phrii lai chia ra thdnh nhidu t6ng kh6c nhau.Thi6n Chria Gi6o thi chia lim C6ng Gidovi nhidu chi phdiTin Ldnh, d6 ld chrra kd nhfrng nhdnh khi{c nhrr phdi ChinhThdng 6 Nga, phai Hqp Nhdt 6 HY LaP.

Vd phia nhfrng nhd tridt hoc thi d6 de cria H6gel dd chiathinh hai phe Ti vd Htlu, nhflng m6n d6 cria Marx c0ngph6n ldm c6c phe DQ I'{hi, De Tam, De Ttl, Tito, Mao Tr4chD0ng v.v... xung d6t nhau mSnh liQt.

5U Uat cl6ng td trrdng cl6 chJa con ngrrdi ildn nhidu cuQc

DAr -vE-T orfc-oAr.sAu c * 397

tranh chdp d6m miiu. Nhfrng cu6c chidn tranh gifra c6c t6ngi6o hoic trong m6t t6n giiio, nhffng sr/thanh to6n quydt 1i6tgifra c6c phe phrii chinh tri dd cho thdy ring su bdt ddng trrtrrdng li mQt trd ngai ldn lao cho sd rhuc hien thd gidi daidong.

6. Tho'tIinh:thdt tinh g6m c6 Hi (mUng), N0 (giQn), di lttlrong;, d

(gh60, Ai @udn), Lqc (vui), Duc (mudn). N6 cflng li nguy6nnhdn lim cho lodi ngrldi chia r€. Srrbudn vui thtrong gh6t trrnhi6n bidu lQ, md m6i ngudi lai bidu lO tinh c6m minh m6tci{ch kh6c nhau. CDng drlng tnldc m6t vi6c md kZ vui, ngudibudn, kA thaong, ngtdi ghit n€nril tnldc ddn gid, loli ngrldichrra bao gid sdng hda h6o vdi nhau th{t sg.

B. DAN r1c: m1r cAu aAu udp auAn p1ue nil ruuiruA toAi r,toU& oA rutlc HiEN DtJEc

Ta dd thdy rhng, mudn sinh tdn, ngrrdi phdi hop qudnnhau lai. Nhrrng vi nhi6u nguy6n nhAn chia 16, lodi ngrldikh6ng thd nop qudn tr6n binh diQn thd gidi dd ttlrc hiQn srrsinh tdn chung cho nh6n loai drloc. Mdt khiic, ta cfrng bidtrXng hop quAn trong mQt pham vi qurl nh6 hgp nhugia dinh,thi tQc hay bQ lac, ngrrdi kh6ng dfi srlc Adi ptrO vdi moi trd lrrcdd muu cAu su sinh dn sung mdn cho bin th0n, cho gia clinh,cho gidng ho, cho chring tQc cfia minh duoc. Tinh trang c6cbQ lac da d6 d M! ChAu cfing nhrlmQt sdd6ng bQ tac 6 PhiChAu d6 chrlng minh cho ta 16 didu nhy. V{y, ngrldi chi cdnm6t c6ch li hop qudn trong phAm vr ddn t\c dd mrtu srI sinftt6n chung, trong d6 c5 sr.I sinh $nri6ng cho bdn thdn.

Ngrldi trong m6t ddn tOc c6 srl tLldng d6ng vdi nhau vd,\^/ngu6n g6c nhdn chfing, vdn h6a, phong tuc, tdp qu6n, ng6nqg[... n6n sukdt hop ndy c6 thd rhdnh r\ru ve vflng chdc dugc.Ngodi ra cbn c6 mQt yA'u 6 tinh thdn ld j, chi lQp qu1b, qud

398 * PIIUDAN

trinh tranh ttdu chung dd cilng tdn tqi vd phdt fidn, dd'ldmcho srl dodn kdt gifa moi ngudi trong ddn t6c cdng th€m bdnchlt hdn, sdu sdc hon.

Vl d5, sUhqp quAn tr6n ndn ting dAn tQc li sr/hop quAnbdn vfng nhdt. Su hdp quAn trong pham vi ddn tQc c6 thd gi6iquydt dudc c6c nguy6n nhdn chia rE loii ngUdi.

Lich sf cl6 chrlng t6 rXng: Ddn tQc ViQt Nam c6 mQt tinhthAn ddn t6c rdt dac biQt vd cudng kiQn. Nhd tinh thdn nhymd din tQc ta dd gif y6n tldoc bd c6i, ddnh b4i drrQc ngo4ixAm.

'... NAu ddn tilc m mdt thi dd mdtt ngay n6i Udy gid, vi ldthdi k) ph6i thai, ngtdi cdn tt, qudc gia chta thdnh, vdn t4tchtta c6... Thdmd, diAt vong dd kh6ng, ddng hda cfing kh6ng.Chdng nhrtng xdy ndi nin t( chrt md fui cdn girt dtqc cdctinh ddc biet cfia ndi gidng..." (Ch'fi NghTa Ddn T|c SinhTdn, Lugc Gidi Dqi t)

Tinh thAn d6n tOc manh m6 6'y b6t ngudn tU m6t tinhthdn chring tOc mi dd c6 sfin d trlng ngrrdi ddn ViQt.

"... Chi vi ddn ta c6 tinh thdn ch,rtng tQc rdt ctong kiQnnSay ti thdi thdi c d... " ( Clit N ghia Ddn TQc sinh T6n, LuqcGidi Dqi t)

Tr] cdn nguy6n ld tinh thAn chfing tQc s6n c6 16 sdu cQichdc 6 trong thdm tim moi ngtrdi tinh thdn d6 phr{t tridn thdnhtinh thAn ddn t6c, tinh thAn qudc gia.

"... Cdi tinh thdn dy (tinh thdn Ddn T\c) crl ngdy mQtphAh khdi th€m bn vd lan ring ra thdnh tinh thdn qudc gia.Ddn nhd L!, vd nhd Trdn lai ra c1ng ddo tao cho tinh thdnqudc gia cria ddn t6c ta cqc ky manh md, cd cdi srtc kA? chdtddn ta thdnh m1t khdi..." (ch,rt Nghia Ddn TQc sinh T6n,Luqc Gidi Dqi t)

Tinh thAn qudc gia ld ndn ting srr hrlng suy cria din tQcta.

"... Khi ndo tinh thdn qudc gia ydu thi rurdc suy, khi ndo

Dfl -v! E-T ordc.oAn.oAn c * 399

tinh thdn dy mqnh thi nudc ta thinh..." (Chft Nghta Ddn TQcSinh Tdn, Luoc Gidi Dqi f)

Chinh tinh thdn qudc gia mdi tao n6n chroc nhffng stloanh li€t xi thAn, thric ddy ngtrdi ddn hy sinh cho clai nghIa.

"... Cd tinh thdn qudc gia mdi cdm thdy ngtdi ta sinh rad ddi phdi mang mQt nghia v4 rdt ldn lao d6i vdi ddt nudc,d6i vdi ngtdi chdt trttdc, vdi ki sinh sau. Do d6 phdt xudt ranhrtng gtung hy sinh cho td qubb v6 cilng mdnh ti€t...,' (ChfiNghla Ddn TQc Sinh Tdn, Lugc Gidi Dqi t)

Trong pham vi ddn r6c, ngudi ra cd rhd d6 ding x6a b6ci{c mdi di ddng dd doan kdt nhau lai vi si'n sing ch6'p nhQnhy sinh cho td qudc. Hdn nfra, quydn loi v{t chdt vd tinh thAncria dAn t6c thudng phn hdp v6i si sinh tdn crtac6 nh6n vd srldoin kdt ddn t6c c6 khd ndng b6o v6 htru hiQu nh6't cho sUsinh t6n cd nhdn, do v6y moi ngrrdi ddu nhin nhQn d6n tQc lddodn thd hop qudn c5 ldi nhdt cho ngddi. Trong thdm tdmmdi ngudi, bdt ki & hodn cdnh ndo, khuynh hudng ndo crtngddu mang sin mQt nidm ttr hdo vd ddn t6c minh. Ngudi tathrldng d6 dang xric d6ng khi nghl ddn d6n t6c. y ni€m d6nt6c [n sdu vdo ddu 6c moi ngr/di, rdn tai kh6p moi noi kd c6trong l6nh vuc t6n gi6o vi ngudi theo chfi tnldng qudc td.

MUc_ tv.^NHUNG CH0^rnudNG cAN sAN cljn cHt]NGHIA oAw rQc slNH TON

Chring ta th6'y rlng mUc dich tdi ydu cfia moi ngrrdi d tdtc6 mgi thdi dai ld Sinhran. Ngudi hoat d6ng chi cdt dd sinht6n, dd tidn h6a vi mdu t)m hanh phric sung m6n.

Ndu drlng ri6ng mOt minh, ngtldi kh6ng drj sfc, n€n ph6ihqp qudn nhau lai. SU hqp qudn trong phqmvi ddn tQc id srtrhqp qudn lon nhdlt md lodi ngudi c6 thd thtlc hiQn duoc.

Ndu dAn tQc kh6ng drroc td chrlc cldng hohng rhi sr/sinfttdn cd nhdn sE bi uy hidp, vd dT nhi6n sd Sinh Tdn cfla D6n

400 * pHU DIN

TQc cf,ng sC bi de doa 1u6n. Bdi al6, mudn duy tri st$ sinht6ncria d6n tQc, ta ph6i td chrlc nhrt thd nio cho moi ngrrdi vhm6i ngudi ddu drloc sinh tdnddy dfi vi ddu c6 ttrd phdt tridndtlgc n[ng h/c sinh tdn cria minh.

Tqo drpg mqi diiu kiQn thuQn lqi cho tdt cd mqi ngtditrong ddn t\c kAi hqp chSt chd vdi nhau dd tanh ddu cho sqsinh t6n chung, td chrtc qudc gia theo thd chdtq do, dAn ch'itctd cho mgi ngtdi tluqc huhng d6ng ddu nhrtng kdt qud cfia sqtranh ddu chung, Idm cho mgi ngtdi thdy rdng tranh ddu

cho sttr sinh t6n cfia ddn t\c ld bdo ddm chiic chdn nhdt chosinh tdn cila cd nhdn minh, d6 td hudng di co bdn cila ChitNghia DAn T\c Sinh Tdn.

Dd thrrc hiQn muc clich ndy, Chti Nghia DAn TQc SinhTdn chri tnrdng:

A. Thr,Ic hi€n doidodn kdt qudc gio:Moi hinh thrlc chia rC tr€n cdn bin dia phrrong, sdc dAn,

nam nfr, giai cdp, cl6ng ph6i, t6n gi6o ddu bi nghiOm khdc kdtrin vi bdi tnrtriQt dd.

Qudc gia ph6i hrrdng ddn crl nhAn kh6ng dd ho cdu x6nhau vi quydn loi ri6ng. Moi ngudi phdi nhQn hidu dtqc rdngsqt sinh tdn cd nhdn phdi di d1i vdi sq sinh t6n ddn tQc, kh6ngduoc cdn tr7 hay phuong hqi ddn s( sinh 6n ddn tQc. C6drlqc nhu vQy mdi t4o dtrQc s{ dodn tdt cnAt ch6 gif,a mgingUdi trong ddn tQc.

B. 86o d6m sg sinh t6n cho mqi ngudi trong ddn tQc:Chring ta bidt ngrrdi chi kh6p minh trong dAn tQc vd thQt

tdm phung sr/ dAn tQc khi bidt rXng ddn tQc b6o ddm cho minhaugc slntr t6n sung mdn. Vi 116, qudc gia phii dugc td chrlctr€n c6n bin c6ng bXng, hqp ly dd sU b5c lQt gifra ngrrdi vdingtrdi khOng cdn nfra vd dd moi ngrrdi ddu drrgc sinh tdnddyclu.

Dfl-urET oudc-oAu-oAnc * 401

C. C0ng cdvd ldng crrong s0c monh d6n tgcDi nhi6n srr dodn kdt nha't trf cfia roin d6n ld ydu td then

chdt t4o drlng srlc manh cfia ddn tQc. Sttc manh tinh thdn d6,stc manh chtnh tri dd phdi duo. c ydm rq, hQu thudn bdng stcmanh qudn sq, stc manh kinh td crta todn khdi ddn t6c nfra.Nhfrng sfc manh niy chi c6 thd c6 drrdc khi ndng luc, trinhrlQ cria ngddi ddn drroc ndng cao.

SrJ n6ng cao trinh ilQ ndy cdi thi6n stt sinh t6n c6 nh6n,d6ng thdi n5 cflng rdt cAn thidt cho srr sinh tin chung. Tdngcudng srtc manh ddn t)c ld tqo didu kiQn cho ddn tQc tltoct6n rui vd phdt fidn.

cHrrdilc BA: vrEG rd cnrlc cHiNH TRt rHEoQUAN iltEM oAr rOc slilH rdt

MUc t. LuoC KHAO vE Cnc CnE oQ DA LUu HANHTil tnldc ddn nay, ci{c ddn t6c tr6n thd gidi dd theo nhidu

chddQ khilc nhau. Nhflng cndAO niy ddu cd thd quy vio hailoai chinh li DQc Tii vd Tr/Do.

A. Cdc cndOQ dgc toi:Chd d0 dbc tdi hay chuy1n chd ld cnd a0 rrong d6 m6r

ngrldi hay mQt sdngudi ndm hdt quydn hlc trong ray vi quydrdinh hdt moi vi€c theo 1i ri6ng minh. ChddQc d6c tdi gdm c6:Qud DAu, Qudn Chfi. Chuy6n Chd vd D6c Tdi Ding Tri.

1. Che'd0 Qui Ddu hay Quf TQc Phdn euyCn ln chddQ trong dy mgi quydn hhnh nXm trong tay m6t sdit ngudi rlaidi6n cho m6t sdcU t6c trong nddc.

Trong tinh trang nguy ngQp, nhtrng ngudi niy cd thd riyquydn lai cho m1t ngudi trong bon dd quydt rlinh moi viQc.Trong thdi binh, moi c6ng viQc tridu chinh drroc quydt <linhtheo nguy6n tdc da sd.

402 * ?

PIIUDN

ChddO niy chi th6ng dung vio thdi cd' ngiy nay kh6ngcdn nffa.

2. ChC'dO Qu6n Chri chuycn chc'h chdd0 trong tl6mgi quydn ddu tdp trung trong tay nhi vua. Moi ph6p didn,luQt l-Q, moi quydt dinh ddu do nhi vua mi ra. Vua ndm tronquy6n sanh s6t thdn dAn. Chd dO niy th6ng dung nhdt thdixua.

3. ChC'ttQ DQc Tii Ding Tri ln cnd 00 trong d6 moiquydn hdnh nhm trong tay mQt chinh ding. Ngtrdi l6nh tucua ding niy chi huy mgi viQc trong nu6c, vd 6 c6c cdp drrdi,vi6c chinh sd cfrng nim trong tay cdc ding viOn. Chinh s6chchung do ding vach ra. Ddng dQc quydn vd trr hrdng, dAn

chring bi bdt buQc phii chdp nh{n trr trrdng d6, kh6ng du.Qc

tim hidu hodc c6 trr tudng kh6c vdi trl trrEng cria it6ng cdmquydn. Chi c6 d6ng cria chinh quydn la drJqc tUdo hoat dQng,a O,ro. ydm trd moi m5t. Cric chinh ddng khr{c ndu c6 cflngchi ld nhfrng bi nhin do chinh quydn s6p dat vd didu khidn.

Dac didm cria chd d0 dOc tdild nhd cdm quyin nhdndanh qudn chilng md cai tri qu6ic gia.

C6n bQ cia ding thlgc cho ld nhtrng phdn tfl c6 i thfchon hdt trong dAn chring vd nhd l6nh tu cfia ding cflng cltldccho lh ngrrdi dai diQn cria ddn chring. Bdi d6, nhilng hinh thrlctham gia chinh sd cria ngrrdi ddn d cdc nddc d6n chri tr/ donhu hOi nghi, tnlng cAu dAn f , bAu cil v.v... tuy drrQc duy triv5n chi la nhfrng ffd din cinh, nguy tao cfia ddng cdm quy6nmd th6i.

B. Coc cheid0 trl do:Cha' (10 tt1 do litchd d0 trong d6 quydn linh d4o ddt nudc

nhm trong tay nhfrng ngrrdi dai diQn ah/qc toan ddn bdu ratrong nhfrng cuQc bAu ctl thflt sd trr do. Ta c6 thd phdn biQt ba

oAr-vtET ordc-oAu-oAHc * 403

loai chd dQ tu do ti Nghi HOi Chd, Dqi Nghi Chdvi TdngTh6'ng Chd

1. Nghi HQi Ch€'hay eudc HOi Chddrrgc r{p dung 6Thuy S1. Theo chd dQ niy, quydn hinh tflp trung rrong tayNghi HQi. Nghi HQi bAu llrii Ddng LiAn Bang (rrlc ChinhPhri), Tda An LiAn Bang, Ch,tt Tich LiAn Baig (trfc eudcTnl6ng) vd, Tdng Tt LQnh eudn DQi.

Edc clidm cfia chd dQ nhy Ld, co quan LQp phtip ndmquydn t)i cao, hai co quan Hdnh phtip vd fu fnap idu tlythuQc cd quan LQp Phdp, vd kh6ng c6 quydn gi ddi vdi coquan ndy. Khi b6't ddng y kidn nhau, cd quan Hinh ph6pphii nhrrong bQ co quan LQp Ph6p.

2. Dqi Nghi Chdhay Nghi ViQn Chdhorc NQi C6cCh6'h cnd A6 chinh rrt md moi quydn hlc nXm rrong tayNghi HQi do ddn bAu ra.

Nghi HQi nXm hdt quydn tQp phdp. euydn hdnh phdpthuQc v6 mQt chinh phri do Tht Tudng cdm ddu, ^i fidTrdng do Nghi HQi bdu ra vi c6 rhd bi Nghi HQi I{t dd,nlung bi lai, Thfi Tudng cfrng c6 quy6n gi6i trin Nghi HQi ddtd chri'c cu6c bdu cfi lQp ra Nghl HOi mdi.

Ddc didm cfia Dai Nghi Chdlir eudc Tr*6ng (Vua hayTdng ThOhil chi cd tinh cdch ttong tntng n\n v6 quydn. VNghi lQi c6 thd lAt dd chinh phrt, ngttd.c lqi, chinh phil cfingcd thd gidi tdn Nghi HQi, n€n cdc qudc gia theo ,id a6 "iythtdng c6 khfing hodng chdnh tri.

Ndu trong nudc chi cd hai chinh tldng l6n,thi trong NghiHQi lfc nio cfrng c5 m6t chinh ddng ndm drrgc da sd tuyQta6r. tnnn tu cila ddng ndy tdt nhiAn dugc bdu ldmThfiTudng.Ong ta vila li ldnh tu ddng ila sd,E Ngtri HQi, vila la Th0tudng chinh phri, n6n dddc tron quydn hnnh dQng trong sudtnhiQm k) Nghi H6i, kh6ng so bi dr{nh Od. po d6, chinh phfi

404 *?

pHU DN

rdt vtrng chdc vd hoat d6ng ddc h/c. D6 la fddng hop nddcAnh.

Ndu trong nttdc cd nhiiu chinh ddng cilng lqc lqng .tuongiluong,tfrOng a6ng ndo n6m drtoc tla sdmyet ddi ghdtrongNShi HOi thi tinh thd kh6c h&n. Mudn dtqc bdu ldm ThitfiOrg, tn\t chinh khdch phdi dqa vdo m)t hAn minh nhiduchinh ddng. Ndu nhflng chinh ding niy xung dQt nhau thili6n minh pnei tun 16. Mi 1i6n minh tan 16 thi chinh phri ph6idd. V] d6, t4i cdc nrrdc c6 nhidu chinh d6ng, chinh phri thudngbdp b6nh. D6 la rddng hdp mrdc Ph6p thdi DQ Tam vd DQTrl CQng Hda.

3. Tdng Thdng Ch6'la chd d0 drrgc thi hdnh tqi Hoa

Kj'. Theo ctrd OO ndy, ba cd quan LQp Phdp, Hdnh Phdp vdTt Phdp thQt sttr ngang nhau vd d|c bp vdi nhau'

Quydn lQp ph6p thuQc vd gudc Ilpi, quydn hinh ph6pthuQc vb fdng ining do d6n chring bdu ra, quydn trr p!5pthuQc vd Tdi"Cao pnap Vien g6m 9 Thdm Phdn do Tdng

Thdng chi tlinh, nhung phii ittrgc Thrlong ViQn chdp thuQn,

vd ngrrdi ndo drtgc chdp thtrfln vdo thi gif, chrlc vu mdn ddi'Ba cd quan LQp Phdp, Hdnh Phdp vd Tu Phdp cd lidn

lqc vdi nhai, nhtng khOng tily thuQc nhau: Qudc HQi khdngc6 quydn lfi dd Tdng Thdng md Tdng Thdng cfing kh6ng c6quyi" gidi tdn Qudc HQt.Khi c6 str xung dQt quydn han giflahai b€n thi thla ra cd quan Tu Phr{p phdn xfi' Co quan niygiff lu6n nhiQm vu b6o vQ Hidn PhriP.

MUc lt. W NHUqc orEu cOn cnc ctrE o0 DA LtJu HANHM6i cnd AO ddu c<i uuvd nhuo.c tlidm,vi kh6ng c6 chd

ilO ndo hodn hio.

A. tJu, nhugc didm c0o c6c chddq dgc tdi:Cac cnda| d\c tdi cd uu didmlh lim cho td chrlc d6n tQc

Dfl -u E-T ordc - oAn -oir'r c * 405

thdng nhdt vi chdt che, sr/ huy dQng tdi nguy0n d6 ding vinhanh ch6ng. Quydn quydt dinh chi thuQc vd mQt ngrrdi hayvii ngudi n6n cd quan chi huy d6 gifrkin dUoc c6c chri trUOngchinh s6ch.

Tuy nhi6n chd dQ dQc tdi c6 nhi6u nguy hai. Vi chd tlQqud g6tgao, ngrrdi drrdi rdt sd ngrrdi rr€n n€n kh6ng d6m n6ihdt srt that. Nhd dQc tdi lai thudng chrt quan vd mil qudngn6n c6 rdt nhidu quydt dinh sai Hm drra ddn nhf,ng rai hoatdy trdi cho ddn t6c. ThCm n:ua,chdtl| dQc tdi rdt dd ldmchocon ngudi hfi hda, thudng trl thdnh xdu sau khi ndm chinhquydn duoc it tdu. Ngodi ra, chd tl6 dQc tdi cdn so thuQc cdpc6 uy tin rdi dm mtu lQt dd minh nAn phdi sdt hqi ho trudc.Nhrtng cudc thanh tring ddm mdu trong cdc chd dQ QudcXdvd C6ng Sdn dd chrtng td rd rdng di6u ndy. Sau cing chdd0 dQc tdi cdn cd cdi hqi rdt to ld tdm khd ddn: ngrrdi cdmquydn ddu 6 cdp bQc nio cfrng c6 m6t oai quydn r{tllnvdiddn chfing. V) qud sg cd'p tr€n lai hay bdt nat c6'p dtfdi, c6nbQ thudng c6 hdnh d6ng "ddi tr6n dap dudi" n6n ddn chringbib6c lQt, hidp dilp cDng crJc.

B. Uu, nhudc didm c0o c6c chddO trrdo:Cdc chd dQ tt do cing c6 nhfrng rru, khuydt didm tr6i

hin vdi cdc chddQ <lOc tdi.Trong cdc chddQ tudo,ngrtdi ddn duoc hrrdng moi quydn

trl do cdn biin cria m6t c6ng d6,n: nhd cdm quydn khdng ddmhm viAc phi phdp, quydn loi vQt chdt vd tinh thdn c,rta ngudiddn dugc bdo vA ddng hodng vd s6 bdt c6ng, ndu c6, cfing cdthd srta chrta dd ddng. Nhf,ng quydt rlinh 1i6n quan ddn quydnloi chung cluoc dem ra th6o lu6n r6ng rai tnrdc Qudc HQi,tnJdc dtl lu{n. Nhd d6, mang sdng cta ddn chring kh6ng tr)ythuQc vdo f ri6ng cria m6t vdi ngr/di.

Tuy nhi6n, cdc chd dQ tu do cingc6 nhfrng hqa h4i. Tnrdchdt ld ngn ddng tranh.Trong chdrlQ rd do, ai cflng c6 quydn

406 * PHUDAN

ho4t dQng chinh trl. Nhflng ngrldi c5 quy6n loi khdc nhauthrrdng lQp nhidu chinh ding canh tranh nhau. Ndu trong ntrdcc6 nhidu d6ng phi{i, chinh phfi rdt kh6 vffng chdc n€n thrldngdd mei (nhrI trudng hop nrldc Ph6p trudc kia). Ngoii ra, stldm viQc rdt chQm chqp vd thiA:u kin ddo.Yt d6, trong cuQcchidn tranh cAn n6o gitra hai khdi Trt Do vi CQng Sin tnrdcd6,y, khdi Tq Do thtdng d vdo thdbi d1ng.

MUC III. CAC CHf OO CX1IITI IRI THEO CXlj NUdNG DANr9c stNH ToN

Theo quan tlidm DAn TQc Sinh Tdn, chdd| d\c tdittyhidp c6 nhdn th6i qu6 khidn c6 nhAn kh6ng ph6t tridn clrrgchdt nang lrtc cria minh. ThOm nfra, nhfing s{bdt c6ng do chddO gdy ra lim cho dAn chring ph6n udt, do d6, qudc gia kh6tr6nh dudc nQi loan. Sau hdt, nhfrng sr/ thanh trrlng tlSm mr{umi nhi rlOc tii nio cflng thi hdnh ild gif, vfrng ng6i vi cflnghdt srlc c6 hai cho d6n tQc.

Chd dO tt do tuy b6o vQ chloc srr trr do vd quydn lqi canhdn, nhrlng ndu kh6ng td chrlc chinh quydn chu diio, lu{t lQnghiOm minh, n6 thrldng iiua ddn ch6 ph6ng tfng vd vO kfluQt, kh6 b6o vQ c6cbi mQt qudc phdng n6n tldt nrrdc d6 birdi lo4n, dAn tOc suy ydu. Ma khi quydn lqi dan tQc dA bi mdtthi quydn lgi c6 nhdn cfing kh6 bio toen dudc.

So s6nh hai chd tlQ n5i tr6n, ta c6 thd nh6n th6'y ring,ctrd dO dOc tii thuOc bdt crl hinh thrlc ndo cfing lim khd choc6 nh6n, trong khi mQt chddQ tr/do hoin h6o c6 thd lim choc6 nhdn 16n ddn tQc ddu Sinh Tdn drrgc. Ngodi ra,trongbdnchdt, chd iIO fir do dd srta chfia hon chd dQ iIQc tdi. Mudnthay ddi chd d0 dOc tdi, phii c6 nhffng cuQc tranh ddu d6mm6u, trong khi ta c6 thd cdi cr{ch chd 00 trl do mQt cdch 6nhda.

Nhtr vdy, chring ta theo ctr6'a0 Tr/ Do. Nhmg pheildm sao cho chdclO ndy kh6ng ih/a cldn nhtrng sgrdi loan ldm

oAr-tlrET ondc-oAnoAuc * 407

suy ydu qudc gia. Vt'n dd niy thit srl tiy thu6c vio sdchfnhding hoat d6ng trong nrldc. Ndu trong nrrdc chi c6 hai chinhding ldn thi chd d0 tU do sE drloc vfrng chdc vd dat <luocnhfrng kdt qui tdt. Vfy, trong c6c Ch6'DO TrJDo, ra n6n theochdd0 ndo dd dar muc dich tr€n ddy?

ChC'DQ Ngh! HQi cria Thuy Sild tnrdng hgp d4c bi€t, takh6ng thd theo dugc, vi ngoii Thuy Si ra, tdt ci c6,c ntldc dI6p dung chd a0 niy ddu thdt bai hohn toin. V{y, ra chi cdnchon gifra hai chddQ Dai Nghi vn Tdng Th6'ng.

TrUdng hdp nUdc Anh theo chdttQ DAi Nghi md chi haiding ldn ld m6t tnrdng hop hdn hffu. Nrrdc ta dd c6 s6n nhi6udoin thd chinh tri vd t6n gi6o, m6i tlodn thd cd thdltrc d mQtvtrng. Ndu theo chd d0 D4i Ngh!, nhdt dinh chfng ra s6 kh6ngthodt kh6i tinh trang da cl6ng. Didu ndy lim cho chinh phfisuy ydu, gidng nhrrtinh trangnddc Phr{p thdi DQ Tam vd DQTt1 CQng Hda.

Vdi t)nh ffangda ddng ciaVi6t Nam, ch6'ilq thich h{pnna't li Ch6'DO Tdng Th6hg. Chd dO nhy girip ta cd mQrchinh phri dn dinh, d6ng thdi c6 mQt Qudc HQi kidm soi4t vi6cldm ctia chinh phfi, vd mQt Tdi Cao Phrip Vi€n b6o vQ HidnPh6p.

TrUdc nim 1975, Vi6t Nam CQng Hda dd c5 mQt HidnPh6p thidt ldp chddQ Tdng Thdng biAh hinh, vdi mQt TdngThdng cdm quydn Hinh Phi{p, kdm theo m6t Thti Trrdng doTdng Thdng bd nhiQm, nhung chiu srrkidm soiir ch[t ch6 cfiaQudc HOi.

Chdd0 niy cdn m6r sdkhuydt didm:1. NhiQm kj' cria ci{c vi Thdm PhdntrongTdi Cao Phcip

ViQnildngcldi ngdn, mi cla sdci{c vi Thdm Ph6n ndy lai doQudc HQi bdu ra n6n cd quan TrrPhdp c6 thd bi chinh tri h6ait nhi6u, vi cr{c Thdm Ph6n c6 rhd bi srr chi phdi cria c6c ldnhtu cAm clAu cilc chinh ding quan trong trong Qudc HQi. ThOmnrta, vi\c todn thd Thdm Phdn trong Tdi Cao Pfuip ViQn cd

408 *I

PIIUDN

cilng mQt nhiQm k) ilrqc thay thd mQt lttot khi nhiQm k) chdmdtn sd ldm cho cdc chinh ddng ndm iltqc da sd trong QudcH\i c6 thd thao tring co quan Tu Phdp mQt cdch dd ddng'

2. Ngoii ra, Gi6m S6t ViQn cfing g6m ba thinh phdngi6m s6t do ba cd quan Hinh Ph6p, Lflp Phdp vd-Ttl Ph6pIni airn. ViQc chi tlinh nny cfing nhrl viQc thay thd toin thdGi6m SdtVi6n mOt ltrqt lim cho chinh ding ndm clrroc da sdtuyQt ddi trong Qudc HQi cflng thao tring d6 dhng nhdtrudnghQp hq thao tring tdi Cao Ph6p ViQn vay.

Do d6, ctrd dO De Nhi CQng Hda ViQt Nam cdn chrladgng mQt sdktruydt didm vd nguy6n tdc. Sr/ vQn dgng cfiactrd?O trong nhfing nim ffndc 7975 cld cho chring ta thdynhfrng hga hai tr6n tliY.

***

Trong quii trinh tidn h6a ild sinh tdn, srl hop qudn ctacon ngudi da tidn cldn ph4m vi Din TQc.

Cni "O

ph?m vi Ddn TQc mdi c6 ddy dri ydu td cho- mQtsU hqp quAn vfng ch6c ma td chfc tldi sdng xd hQi dd Orra

.on ng,rOi tidn vd h4nh phric. VQy n6n trong cuQc tranh ddumutr cAu srr sinh t6n vi sung mdn cho con ngddi, Chrri NghiaDAn TQc Sinh Tdn chfi tnrong ldy DAn TQc ldm cldn vi clnbin.

Chri Nghia DAn TQc Sinh Tdn nhfn thdy sukh6c biQtt{ nhi6n gtila cdc c6 nhdn kh6ng thd nio san bhng drtoc n6nkh6ng nu-6i eo mQng xdy drJng mOt thdgi6i clai ddng nhrtc6ctridt gia kh6ng trrdng. Chri Nghia DAn TQc Sinh Tdn cf,ngkh6ng hep hdi, thidn cfln nhr/c6c hqc phdi ich kf ild tdng chritruong thuydt vi chring. Chri Nghia DAn TQc Sinh Tdn cfingkh6ng nhdn danh quydn ldi tdi thtlQng ctia qudc gia din tQc

dd ilpchdmgi cd nhdn trong cQng d6ng ddn tQc.

ofl-uETttuic.oAu-sAuc * 409

Chfi Nghia Ddn TQc Sinh Tdn ld mQt chfi nghia qudcgia dua vdo nhfrng cdn bdn thqc td, khoa hgc, chrt truong:ddm bdo vd dung hda sq sinh tdn cd nhdn vd s( sinh tin ddntQc, bdo vQ quydn loi qudc gia minh vd dung hda quydn tqicfia qudc gia minh vdi cdc qudc gia khdc, tich cqc ddng g6pvdo viAc tuo dtng s4 hdi hda gifia cdc ddn tQc, cd vd s( hqptdc qudc td, mtu cdu sq thinhvilong vd hda binh chung cholodi ngudi.

4r0 * IPIIUDN

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C6ch-Mqng ViQt-Nam Thdi Cfn-KimD4r-vrnr qudc-DAN-oANc'cira Quang-Minh, s6' tlang ky A Thu'Vi€n Qu6'c-H0i USA 5-230-048t6i bin lAn thrf nhdt c6 th6m nhiduchi tidt quan trong.

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