CULTURE OF SUSTAINABILITY TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT

FACULTY OF ADMINISTRATIVE SCIENCE AND POLICY STUDIES

EMA 754 LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND URBAN GOVERNANCE

INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT

REAL ANSWERS FROM MICHELLE DOBBIE (MLA, MCIP, RPP),SENIOR PLANNER (POLICY) PLANNING AND REGULATORY

SERVICES REGARDING CULTURE OF SUSTAINABILITY TOWARDSSUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT

(RESPOND ON BEHALF OF DAVE BARROW, MAYOR OF RICHMOND

HILL, ONTARIO, CANADA)

PREPARED FOR: DR. HARDEV KAUR

PREPARED BY: ASLINDA RAMELY

2013133307 EMA3A

JUNE 26TH, 2015

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Table of Content

Page

1.0 Introduction 2.0 Background and Members of Richmond Hill Council 3.0 What is Citizen Participation?

3.1 Existing Methods of Citizen Participation Used by

Richmond Hill Council In

Achieving Sustainability at Their Local Level

4.0 What is Sustainable Development?

4.1 Sustainable Development Initiatives Taken By Richmond

Hill Council 5.0 What is Inclusion?

5.1 Inclusion Method Developed and Disseminated By Richmond

Hill Council 6.0 What is Monitoring Tools?

6.1 Monitoring Tools used By Richmond Hill Council in

Measuring Performance

and Progress of The Council Towards Sustainable

Development

7.0 What is Political and Cultural?

7.1 Political and Cultural Factors That Give Impact on

Urban Sustainability In

Richmond Hill 8.0 Discussion and Conclusion 9.0 References 10.0 Appendixes

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1.0 Introduction

A vision of sustainable development with three dimensions was developed in

second half of 1980s, namely: economic growth, social inclusion and

environmental balance. The report Our Common Future, also known as the

Brundtland Report (1987), enshrined these three dimensions as the pattern to be

used in local, national and global strategies for development. The Rio de Janeiro

Earth Summit of 1992 consolidated these three pillars as the paradigm of

sustainable development. It is generally felt, that these dimensions alone cannot

possibly reflect the complexity of current society. Many voices, including

UNESCO, the World Summit on Sustainable Development, and researchers, are

calling for the inclusion of Culture in the sustainable development model, since

culture ultimately shapes what we mean by development and determines how

people act in the world.

This new approach addresses the relation between culture and sustainable

development through dual means. Firstly, development of the cultural sector

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itself (i.e. heritage, creativity, cultural industries, crafts, cultural tourism); and

secondly, ensuring that culture has its rightful place in all public policies,

particularly those related to education, economy, science, communication,

environment, social cohesion and international cooperation. However, the world

is not only facing economic, social, or environmental challenges. Creativity,

knowledge, diversity, and beauty are the unavoidable bases for dialogue for

peace and progress as these values are intrinsically connected to human

development and freedoms.

While we have a duty to promote the continuity of indigenous local cultures, old

traditions meet new creativity every day in cities around the world, contributing

to the preservation of identity and diversity. Intercultural dialogue is one of

humankind's greatest challenges and creativity is identified as an inexhaustible

resource nourishing society and economy. Local Governments safeguarding

culture for future generations.The fundamental purpose of governance is to work

towards a healthy, safe, tolerant and creative society (rather than merely a

financially prosperous one). This means that local governments must promote a

model of development that 'meets the needs of the present without

compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs', as well

as ensuring the enjoyment of culture and its components by all, and protecting

and enhancing the rights of citizens to freedom of expression and access to

information and resources. Hence, it is vital for to take one example of a local

council and to get information on how they Instills A Culture of Sustainability

Towards Its Quest For Sustainable Urban Development.

For that purpose, writer intend to find the real answer from one of

local council exist in this twentieth century since writer

personally do not satisfied with the general answer from internet

without approach the responsible person since with this method,

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precise and accurate answer can be acquired. Due to that, writer

does approach thirteen local councils all around the world including

in Malaysia, Singapore, Mexico and Canada. Among this thirteen, only

two councils are willing to reply writer’s emails which are Pasir

Ris-Punggol Town Council from Singapore and Richmond Hill, Ontario,

Canada.

Even though Pasir Ris-Punggol Town Council does reply on their

unwillingness to entertain but writer got positive feedback from

Richmond Hill Mayor’s Office on their willingness to give answers

for every questions on culture of sustainability. All email

histories between writers and Richmond Hill’s officer - Michelle

Dobbie (MLA, MCIP, RPP), Senior Planner (Policy) Planning and

Regulatory - has been attached on appendix one. However, before we

go further to discuss about culture of sustainability implemented in

Richmond Hill, it is better for us to have some brief information on

the background and members of Richmond Hill Council first.

2.0 Members of Richmond Hill Council

Richmond Hill Town Council consists of the Mayor and eight members

of Council who are elected by qualified electors every four years.

Together they are the residents’ voice and represent their interests

in the governing of the Municipality and the Region of York.

Ultimately, the Mayor and Council decided on policy matters and

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oversee all administrative and fiscal responsibilities of the Town

of Richmond Hill. The Mayor and Members of council are available to

address the day-to-day concerns of residents, attend official

functions, address administrative matters and communicate with

public directly and through information prepared by Town staff.

Other than that, they also liaise with Provincial and Federal member

of government, the Boards of Education, Power Stream Richmond Hill

and many more other agencies on behalf of the Town. Council’s Term

of Office began on December 1, 2014 and will end on November 30,

2018. Then, in order to have clear view, provided below is the chart

on the members of this council. Apart from that, details regarding

Town of Richmond Hill Ward Boundaries can be referred to appendix

two.

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Chart 1: Members of Town of Richmond Hill CouncilSource:http://www.richmondhill.ca/subpage.asp?

pageid=townhall_members_of_the_council

Then, in order to explore whether this council did done well or not

on its way to adapt sustainability culture, there are few elements

can be the benchmark on this. For example is through methods of

citizen participation, sustainable development initiatives, methods

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Regional & Local Council

Vito Spatafora & Brenda Hogg

Local Councilors

Ward 1-Gregg Beros Ward 2-TomMuench

W

a

Mayor

Dave Barrow

of inclusion as well as monitoring tools to measure overall

performance and progress of its achievement. All these benchmarks

will be discussed clearly in the next points and the correlation

between culture of sustainability and these benchmarks will be

discuss in the conclusion part. All of the information has been

obtained from the answers given by Michelle Dobbie and also extra

reading from documents of Richmond Hill Councils. Details regarding

these documents will be attached at appendixes.

3.0 What Is Citizen Participation?

Citizen participation is a community-based process, where citizens organize

themselves and their goals at the grassroots level and work together through

non-governmental community organizations to influence the decision-making

process. Citizens get most involved in this process when the issue at stake

relates directly to them. Furthermore, citizen participation occurs when all the

stakeholders cooperate to implement changes (Holdar Citizen Participation

Handbook, 2002).

Why Have Public Participation?

Public participation increases transparency in the decision making process. If

citizens are involved in the policy development, they will be able to make

government officials more accountable for their decisions. Therefore, individuals

must be involved in the decision making process because their input can help

create useful solutions to problems, such as community housing or education,

which are an integral part of their every day lives (Holdar Citizen Participation

Handbook, 2002).

What are governments trying to accomplish when they involve citizens? There

are two main goals:

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To inform the public of government decisions• To involve the public in government decision making (Burner, 2001)•

Who Should Participate?

Individuals and groups that are involved in the process of influencing decision

making are defined as stakeholders. These are people who have some interest in

the policy and thus want to express their opinion. Every citizen should

participate in the decision making process at the local level, because, in one way

or another, he or she will be influenced by the policies implemented by the

government (Holdar Citizen Participation Handbook, 2002).

When Should Public Participation Occur?

Based on United Nation development Programme in 1993, participation can be

become a source of tremendous vitality and innovation for the creation of new

and more just societies. Other than that, citizen participation also should not be

undertaken under any special circumstances, but should be a part of the

everyday life of citizens and not a seasonal event. Based on Holdar Citizen

Participation Handbook in 2002, it is each citizen's right and responsibility to

participate not only during the election period but also in times between

elections. Realizing why participation is needed (as has been explained in the

above), Richmond Hill Council do encourage the citizen to participate in its

activities through plenty of methods which will be highlighted clearly in 3.1 as

below.

3.1 Existing Methods of Citizen Participation Used by Richmond Hill

Council in Achieving Sustainability at Their Local Level

It is important for the every council to ensure that the citizen do

participate in most of its activities as well as give input and

feedback to their officer. Same goes with Richmond Hill Council,

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there are four methods of citizen participation used by them.

Details regarding these methods will be discussed as below.

i) Appreciative Inquiry/ People Plan Richmond Hill

Town does consults with the public using the “appreciative inquiry”

method on all of its large-scale Plans. This approach was pioneered

when the Town developed its new Strategic Plan 2009 and new Official

Plan 2010. However, this approach is now termed the “People Plan

Richmond Hill” approach to community consultation, and is used by

all of the Town’s operating Departments for large-scale plans or

projects. If referring to second page of People Plan Task Force, there are

few steps that will be taken by council such as:

Determining a public participation plan which is designed to

encourage a high level of local participation and determine

local values

Identify people who are possible participants in the program

Sponsoring public participation activities

Details regarding this plan can be referred in appendix three.

ii) Charities, Open Houses, Discussion Forums and also

Presentations to Special Interest Groups and Government Agencies.

Other than that, examples of the methods of citizen participation

used to develop Richmond Hill Official Plan are charities,

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roundtables, open houses, discussion forums and also presentations

to special interest groups and government agencies. These variety

methods of participation do make the council to encourage lots

participation from citizen since these various methods will attract

the citizen to join based on their preferences.

For example, citizen who interested to involve in charity, they will

involved in charities program done by council and those who have

more formal knowledge might join discussion forum or presentations

with special interest groups. By using tagline of “Building a New Kind of

Urban” in their Official Plan Report, do portray the dreams of this

council to improve their area by using various kinds of these

participation approaches. Appendix four do provide brief idea on

this Official Plan.

iii) Online Survey, Roundtables, Workshops, Outreach Events,

Information Booths, and Interviews with Members of Council

Next, the examples of the methods of citizen participation used are

online survey, roundtables, workshops, outreach events, information

booths, and interviews with members of Council and these method of

participation has been implemented when the council intend to

develop the recent Environment Strategy –“Greening the Hill, Our

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Community, Our Future” (2014). Details on Environmental Strategy can

be referred in appendix five.

iv) Consultation

While citizen participation was not a primary driver of the

Sustainability Metrics (2013/2014), which implement the Official

Plan, consultation with the Development Industry, internal and

external municipal staff from the three municipalities of Brampton,

Vaughan, and Richmond Hill, along with consultation with other

municipalities currently implementing Green Standards as part of

their planning process (i.e. City of Toronto) was undertaken. The

“Major Policy Directions” document summarizes the over 30

consultation sessions held to develop the Official Plan. On Major

Policy Directions can be referred in appendix six.

4.0 What is Sustainable Development?

Viewed broadly, sustainability refers to the capacity of nature to support human

wellbeing over the long term (Paehlke, 2008). Historically, the concept of

sustainability has been closely linked to environmental systems and the use of

natural resources in a manner that does diminish resources over time and across

generations (Leuenberger & Bartle, 2009; Jepson, 2004a). Sustainability tends to

go hand in hand with sustainable development. Leuenberger and Bartle (2009)

suggest sustainable development is a plan of action that integrates environmental

sustainability into decision making.

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One of the most well-known definitions of sustainable development is provided

by the World Commission on Environment and Development (WCED) in a report

entitled Our Common Future. The WCED defined sustainable development as

development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the“ability of future generations to meet their own needs (WCED, 1987, p. 8). The”WCED further notes that development is sustainable if the process is one in

which use of resources, investment decisions, and institutional change enhance

both current and future human needs. Thus, sustainable development

initiatives can be said as the method adopted, use or done by

respective councils in order to make the development keep sustain.

4.1 Sustainable Development Initiatives Taken By Richmond Hill

Council

It is important for the every council to ensure that the development

done within its stipulated area will be keep sustained as long as it

supposed to be. Same goes with Richmond Hill Council, there are two

development initiatives taken by Richmond Hill Council in order to

sustained the development, not only for the use of current citizen

but also for the future used. Details regarding these initiatives

will be discussed as below.

i) Urban Master Environmental Servicing Plan 2014

The Urban Master Environmental Servicing Plan (2014), will

identifies the structure works needed to support the urban structure

framework defined by the Town of Richmond Hill Official plan whereby of 30

will direct the municipal water, wastewater, storm water,

transportation, greenways, and energy infrastructure improvements

required to support growth and intensification. It also spans a

range of disciplines including the natural environment, water

resources, water and wastewater servicing, transportation and

energy. This plan actually is a detail plan that carefully dealing

with the disciplines (as listed in the above) that can be said as a

plan that cautiously examines every single element before any result

can be taken.

Other than that, in this report under the conclusion part, it has

been mentioned that “together with the community, Richmond Hill will

find ways to actively manage, protect and restore the local

environment for present and future generations”. This portrayed the

effort of council in implementing sustainable development by does

not simply make decision on any matters but make a proper plan first

for future. Readers can referred to appendix seven in order to

obtain general idea on environment servicing plan.

ii) Valley land Capital Plan 2015

The Valley land Capital Plan (2015), which prioritized and

identified works within the Town’s Greenway System that needed

capital improvements by combining the rehabilitation of both valley

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lands and storm water management ponds to improve the ecological or

hydrological health of the larger Greenway System. The purpose of

this plan is to provide council with a ten year capital plan that

combines the rehabilitation of both valley lands and storm water

management (SWM) facilities recommended for repair. This sub point

will not discussed on what is SWM is all about but more on “ten”

years period covered by this plan. Plan for ten years can portray

the effort of the council in struggling for sustainable development

which is not only plans for today and tomorrow but also for future.

Appendix eight provide brief idea on Valley land Capital Plan.

The Town also has a number of sustainability programs (i.e. Green

Bin Program to collect organic waste, Blue Bin program to collect

recyclables, Yard Waste pick-up, Monthly Appliance Collection,

Household Hazardous Waste and Electronic Product Recycling, Healthy

Yards Program, etc.). Additional information on these programs is

available on the Town’s website.

5.0 What is Inclusion?

Inclusion can be referred to include all appropriate stakeholders by

including individuals and community groups, voluntary bodies and

faith communities in the decision making process. It also can be

referred as paying particular attention to encouraging women and

young people to be involved. In other words, it can be said as the

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inclusion both majority and also minority groups where as through

this approach, this can help to increase the mutual understanding as

well as can minimize the conflict. After realizing benefits derived

from inclusion, Richmond Hill Council also implementing this as one

of their method in providing fair decision to its citizen. Provided

in next section is details regarding method of inclusion done by

Richmond Hill Council.

5.1 Methods of Inclusion Developed and Disseminated By Richmond

Hill Council

It is vital for the every council to include all the people in most

of its activities through few methods of inclusion. Same goes with

Richmond Hill Council, there are few methods of inclusion used by

Richmond Hill Council in order to maximize the number of citizens in

most of its activities. Details regarding these methods will be

discussed as below.

The Town has a number of programs and has held a variety of

workshops/roundtables/other consultation sessions (as noted above)

to help residents and Development Industry stakeholders understand

and participate in its sustainability initiatives.

Additional methods used to advise residents of these

programs/consultation sessions include:

The Town’s website - RichmondHill.ca

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Twitter and Facebook

Hardcopy Communication pamphlets available at Town Hall (e.g.

Sustainability Metrics pamphlet, Healthy Yards pamphlet, Waste

Management Calendar, etc.)

Advertisements in the local newspaper

Live-streaming Town Council meetings

Providing a Waste Management app (My-waste App for smart phone)

Providing Comment section in newsletter such as “Have your Say!” and

“What Comments Do You Have?” (appendix nine)

6.0 What is Monitoring Tools?

Referring to United Nation Development Programme (2009) monitoring can

be defined as as the ongoing process by which stakeholders obtain regular

feedback on the progress being made towards achieving their goals and

objectives. Thus, monitoring tools can be said as the continuous and

iterative action that need to be done throughout the council for

every each of their main activities so that level of achievement can

be examine and if there is some error, corrective actions can be

done. Based on my reading, there are a few tools of monitoring taken

by the most local government or council in this world in measuring

their performance and progress towards sustainable development.

However, specifically let’s found out what Richmond Hill Council had

done to monitor the performance and progress of the council towards

sustainable development in sub-point 6.1 below.

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6.1 Monitoring Tools Used in Measuring Performance and Progress of

the Richmond Hill Council towards Sustainable Development

It is vital for the every council to monitor their performance and

progress in order to know towards what extend their achievements is

and to know is that they did it well or not. Thus, same goes with

Richmond Hill Council, there are four monitoring tools used to

measure on their performance and progress which consist of strategic

plan, official plan, and sustainability matrix as well as

environment strategy. Details regarding these tools will be

discussed as below.

i) Annual Report

Annual Report for Strategic Plan is prepared for Council Readers

that can be one of the tools in monitoring what going on throughout

the year. For example, in this report, there is one section named

“Our Strategic Plan Journey”. Through this section, council actually can

monitor on their strategic plan and can simply look at the progress

on their past year achievement. Then, for sure, monitoring is not

the last step but there is other step that will be taken such as

improvement and corrective action that might help council to enhance

their achievement in future. Appendix ten do provide brief view on

Strategic Plan Annual Report.

ii) Community Survey

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The Town also undertook a Community Survey in 2012 to understand

resident’s satisfaction with Richmond Hill as a place to live.

Council does implementing this survey in order to monitor on the

level of satisfaction of their community and from that, council will

have brief idea on the quality of service provided, quality of life,

strong sense of community, resident are engaged, greater use of fees

as well as to get the percentage of community satisfaction on parks,

trails and natural areas by look at the results obtained. Appendix

eleven does provide details regarding results of this survey.

iii) Sustainability Metrics

As part of the development of the Sustainability Metrics, a

monitoring tool was developed that Staff will use to monitor uptake

of the Metrics. This monitoring process will help the Town to

understand whether certain Metrics should be moved from, for

example, a “recommend minimum” standard to a mandatory standard in

the future (i.e. if based on the monitoring all or most planning

applications are providing that Metric). Similarly, it will help the

Town to understand what “aspirational” Metrics are rarely provided –

in which case the Town may wish to provide incentives to promote

uptake.

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iv) Environment Strategy

The Environment Strategy will be creating a Scorecard to monitor and

report on the Town’s progress. Scorecard is a document that will

show current scores or achievements regarding the environment in

Richmond Hill. Through this, council can simply monitor quality of

matters related with environment in their place and at the end will

come out with conclusion whether quality achieved is exceed, meet or

under the actual expectation or standard. Then, further improvement

can be taken.

v) Provincial Plan

Province can be said as a subdivision of government usually one step

below the national level or in Canada, it is one of ten of Canada’s

federated entities that has been recognized by the Constitution and

having a separate representative of the Sovereign. A number of

Provincial Plans have an impact on urban sustainability in Richmond

Hill including:

The Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe, which directs

a proportion of new growth to the existing built-up area and to

areas serviced or planned to be serviced by transit

The Oak Ridge’s Moraine Conservation Plan, which protects the

northern half of the Town in a series of environmental and near-

urban agricultural land use designations

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The Greenbelt Plan, which protects the Rouge River tributaries

in the North Leslie Secondary Planning Area

In addition, the Provincial Conservation Authorities Act

protects wetlands, flood-prone lands, and other hazard lands from

being developed in urban areas

7.0 What is Political and Cultural?

Politic is primarily associated with the art of government and the activities of

the state (Heywood, 2000) and for culture, it is not genetically inherited, and

cannot exist on its own, but is always shared by members of a society (Hall

1976, p. 16). In every region in this world, both of politics and

culture play vital role in influencing the situation, condition,

environment and norms in that particular places. Same goes in local

council, politics and culture also most of the time will influence

the way local government govern their area. Hence, to know further

details, it is better to know on the influence of political and

cultural factor in Richmond Hill Council, whether these two have

been given the impact to local council or not.

7.1 Political and Cultural Factors That Give Impact on Urban

Sustainability in Richmond Hill

i) Politics

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Seeking the information regarding politics in Richmond Hill, it is

not much being highlighted. However, based on few general readings

political factor seems give impact to urban sustainability in

Richmond Hill. The example has been listed as below:

Mayor of Richmond Hill, Dave Barrow re-entered political life

in 1997 by winning a Regional Council seat. He was elected

Mayor on November 13, 2006 and re-elected Mayor on October 25,

2010.

Regional and Local Councilor or Deputy Mayor, Vito Spatafora in

early of his career entered municipal politics as the political

aid to the Mayor of the City of York.

Ward 5 Councilor, Nick Papa lived in Richmond Hill since 1974

and served as a Ward Councilor from 1993 to 2003. Councilor

Papa has a strong history in politics and community involvement

and believes that “For every problem there is a solution.

These examples can be said as the factors that can give impact to

urban sustainability in Richmond Hill since officers who hold

position in Richmond Hill Council such as its Mayor, Regional and

Local Councilor or Deputy Mayor, as well as Ward 5 Councilor do use

politics to maintain their influence and to keep maintain their

position in local council and do implement their own strategies in

enhancing people’s trust towards them and indirectly all their

strategies to enhance people trust can give impact towards urban

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sustainability. This is because all their strategies which are more

towards the welfare of the people and Richmond Hill, can be seen as

a long term strategies which support the urban sustainability

itself.

ii) Culture

Referring to Richmond Hill official website, it seems like cultural

factor do play vital role in maintaining urban sustainability in

that area. There are few approaches done by Richmond Hill officers

regarding the culture in their area that indirectly can help in

urban sustainability and these approaches have been listed as below.

Arts and Culture/ Head Arts, Culture and Heritage – Visit the

Town of Richmond Hill: Culture can help Richmond Hill in

maintaining its original culture by promoting and open their

place to visitors and they will keep this activity keep

growing. Indirectly, urban sustainability can be maintained

here for more years, as long as they preserve their precious

culture.

Town of Richmond Hill – Parks, Recreation and Culture

Department – This department was help Richmond Hill to achieved

urban sustainability by having a regular members or officers

who will maintain, monitor their culture so that their culture

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will keep sustained and lastly, urban sustainability can be

achieved.

10 Year Culture Plan – This long term culture plan actually

will help to achieve urban sustainability since the plan itself

does work on the effort to preserve their ancestor’s culture.

8.0 Discussion and Conclusion

Based on writers understanding and observation, Richmond Hill

Council does well on its way to adapt sustainability culture through

its methods of citizen participation, sustainable development

initiatives, and methods of inclusion as well as monitoring tools to

measure overall performance and progress of its achievement, include

political and cultural factors that give impact on urban

sustainability.

There are various methods of citizen participation taken by this

council such as appreciative inquiry/ people plan Richmond Hill,

charities, roundtables, open houses, discussion forums,

presentations to special interest groups, government agencies, the

people plan task force, town council and OP summit, online survey,

roundtables, workshops, outreach events, information booths, and

interviews with members of council as well as consultation. All

these methods can be said as an excellent way to instills culture of

sustainability towards its quest for sustainability urban

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development since these methods is able to gain input through

information and feedback from the citizen that really crucial in the

sustainability development.

The input gain through information and feedback from the citizen can

help the Richmond Hill Council to make precise decision in their

decision making that meet the interest and demand of the people and

thus, make the development to keep sustain and can be maintain until

years ahead. In other words, since the decision making done have

been take the consideration on the input from the citizens from

these various method of citizen participation, the decision making

can be said as the accurate and meet or exceed the expectation of

the citizens. Thus, decision can be sustained for long time since

there is no objection from the citizens on this and lastly,

sustainable development in Richmond Hill can be achieved and

successfully instilled.

Other than that, there are also two sustainable development

initiatives has been taken by Richmond Hill Council such as Urban

Master Environmental Servicing Plan 2014 and also Valley Land

Capital Plan 2015 that for sure might help them in insisting the

culture of sustainability towards its quest for sustainability urban

development. Frankly speaking, these two plans do help this council

since it does contain the guidelines on what council should does and

what should not to achieve the sustainability in development.

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Next, regarding the inclusion, there are few methods used by

Richmond Hill Council to include the citizen in its activities such

as roundtables, consultation sessions, The Town’s website -

RichmondHill.ca, social media such as Twitter and Facebook, hardcopy

communication pamphlets available at Town Hall such as

Sustainability Metrics pamphlet, Healthy Yards pamphlet and Waste

Management Calendar; Advertisements in the local newspaper, live-

streaming Town Council meetings, as well as Waste Management app

such as My-waste App for smart phones.

Like method of citizen participation, these methods of inclusion

also can help the council to insisting culture of sustainability

towards its quest for sustainability urban development. By include

as much of the citizen in its activities, more reliable, accurate,

valid and trustful decision can be made and thus resulted to the

sustainability development since the decision own the agreement from

majority of the people and through democracy process. One decision

can be sustained and can be maintained as long as it obtains the

willingness from its people.

Next, monitoring tools to measure overall performance and progress

such as Strategic Plan, Community Survey, Official Plan as well as

Sustainability Metrics Environment Strategy also can help council to

insist culture of sustainability towards its quest for

sustainability urban development. These monitoring tools actually do

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provide with monitoring steps that council could and need to

evaluate its performance and progress. Through this, council can

know their current performance, neither it is excellent as perceived

or not and lastly can assist council to adjust their performance and

development results not only for current time being but need to be

maintained and sustained for future too.

As a conclusion, based on the discussion in the above, Richmond Hill

Council have make great effort in instills culture of sustainability

towards its quest for sustainable urban development.

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9.0 References

Berner, M. (2001) Citizen Participation in Local Government

Budgeting Retrieved from http://

sogpubs.unc.edu/electronicversions/pg/pgspr01/article3.pdf on

17th June 2015.

Community Survey Result. (2012). Retrieved from https://www.richmondhill.ca/documents

/sp_community_survey_results_poster.pdf&sa=U&ei=uamMVc_FBYuSyATequYDA&ved=0CAQQFjAA&client=internal-

udscse&usg=AFQjCNGUlSzwpQSlNTQ4hRs86n 47AZBPYQ on 17th June 2015.

Environment Strategy. (2014). Retrieved from www.richmondhill.ca/subpage.asp?pageid =environmentstrategy. on 10th April 2015

Environment Strategy and Implementation Plan. (2014). Retrieved from www.richmondhill. ca/documents/environment_strategy.pdf on 10th April 2015.

Hall, E.T., 1976. Beyond Culture. New York: Anchor Books/Doubleday.

Healthy Yard Template. (2015). Retrieved from www.richmondhill.ca/subpage.asp? pageid=prc_healthy_yards on 17th June 2015.

Heywood, A. (2000). Key Concepts in Politics. London, Macmillan

Holdar Citizen Participation Handbook. (2009) Retrieved from

http://siteresources.worldbank. org/INTBELARUS/Resources/eng.pdf on

17th June 2015.

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http://siteresources.worldbank/

http://www.richmondhill.ca/subpage.asp?%20%09pageid=prc_healthy_yards

http://www.richmondhill.ca/subpage.asp?pageid%20%09=environmentstrategy

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CULTURE OF SUSTAINABILITY TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT

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