Note: Within nine months of the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent in the European PatentBulletin, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to that patent, in accordance with theImplementing Regulations. Notice of opposition shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has beenpaid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention).

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(12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION

(45) Date of publication and mention of the grant of the patent: 01.04.2020 Bulletin 2020/14

(21) Application number: 13877272.8

(22) Date of filing: 27.12.2013

(51) Int Cl.:A61K 35/35 (2015.01) A61K 8/36 (2006.01)

A61K 8/67 (2006.01) A61K 8/92 (2006.01)

A61Q 17/04 (2006.01) A61Q 19/00 (2006.01)

A61Q 19/08 (2006.01) A61P 35/00 (2006.01)

A61P 17/08 (2006.01) A61P 17/10 (2006.01)

A61P 17/14 (2006.01) A61P 17/16 (2006.01)

(86) International application number: PCT/IB2013/061374

(87) International publication number: WO 2014/135934 (12.09.2014 Gazette 2014/37)

(54) COMPOSITION COMPRISING CAMEL HUMP FAT AND USES THEREOF

ZUSAMMENSETZUNG ENTHALTEND KAMELHÖCKERFETT UND VERWENDUNGEN DAVON

COMPOSITION COMMPRENANT LA MATIERE GRASSE DE BOSSE DE CHAMEAU ET SON UTILISATION

(84) Designated Contracting States: AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

(30) Priority: 07.03.2013 US 201361774206 P

(43) Date of publication of application: 13.01.2016 Bulletin 2016/02

(73) Proprietor: CamOleum Inc.Windsor, ON N9E 3N4 (CA)

(72) Inventors: • JASSIM, Sabah Abdul Amer

Windsor, Ontario N9G 2Z5 (CA)• AL DOORI, Atheer Abdulrazzaq Abdulazeez

Baghdad (IQ)• LIMOGES, Richard George

Windsor, Ontario N8S2W2 (CA)

(74) Representative: Cosmovici, PaulEschersheimer Landstraße 4260322 Frankfurt am Main (DE)

(56) References cited: WO-A1-2005/023208 AU-B3- 720 848DE-A1-102010 016 134 DE-U1-202007 005 272

• VOLPATO ET AL.: ’Healing war wounds and perfuming exile: the use of vegetal, animal, and mineral products for perfumes, cosmetics, and skin healing among Sahrawi refugees of Western Sahara.’ JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE. vol. 8, no. 49, 27 December 2012, pages 1 - 19, XP021139990

• MAL ET AL.: ’Camel milk and milk products.’ SMVS DAIRY YEAR BOOK 2010, XP055277566 Retrieved from the Internet: <URL:http://allindiadairy.com/Atricles-2010 -11/Camel%20milk%20and%20milk%20products%2 097-103.pdf> [retrieved on 2014-04-03]

• SBIHI ET AL.: ’Characterization of Hachi (Camelus dromedaries) fat extracted from the hump.’ FOOD CHEMISTRY. vol. 139, no. 1-4, 15 August 2013, pages 649 - 654, XP055277569

• GEARIN: ’Camel oil-the fresh face of skincare’ AUSTRALIAN BROADCASTING CORP. 07 April 2001, XP055277571 Retrieved from the Internet: <URL:http://www.abc.net.au/landline/stories /s271208.htm> [retrieved on 2014-04-03]

• MACDONALD: ’Camels’ surprise beauty package’ SUNSHINE COAST DAILY 11 July 2012, XP055277574 Retrieved from the Internet: <URL:http://www.sunshinecoastdaily.com.au/n ews/camels-surprise-beauty-package/1447008> [retrieved on 2014-04-03]

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• ’Camel Milk Australia’ 06 October 2012, XP055277577 Retrieved from the Internet: <URL:http://web.archive.org/web/20121006054 948/ http://www.camelmilkaustralia.com.au/about- us.html> [retrieved on 2014-04-09]

• ’Camelicious web site.’ 19 April 2012, XP008180931 Retrieved from the Internet: <URL:http://web.archive.org/web/20120419155 559/ http://www.camelicious.ae/en.html> [retrieved on 2014-04-09]

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Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The field of the invention generally relates tocompounds, compositions and methods for use in thetreatment of cancer, skin conditions, blood flow and/orgrowth failure. More specifically, the invention relates tocompounds, compositions and methods derived fromcamel fat for use in the treatment of cancer, skin condi-tions, blood flow and/or growth failure.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Ultraviolet radiation damage, cancer, burns, age spots

[0002] Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is carcinogenic and aprincipal cause of skin cancers. Exposure to UV radiationmay come from a variety of sources, including from thesun, tanning bed use, etc.[0003] UV’s genotoxic potential is linked to its ability toprovoke direct DNA damage. The depth of transmissionof UV light is dependent on the wavelength: UVC onlypenetrates the superficial layer of the skin; UVB pene-trates the basal level of the epidermis and UVA pene-trates the dermis level. Of the three categories of solarUV radiation, typically UVA and UVB are of greatest con-cern to humans, especially as depletion of the ozone lay-er causes higher levels of this radiation to reach the plan-et’s surface (Clancy 2008).[0004] The skin is made up of a variety of cell types,including squamous cells, basal cells and melanocytes.Cancers of the skin are classified by the cell type theyaffect: squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carci-noma (BCC) and melanoma, respectively.[0005] Sunscreens prevent the direct DNA damagethat causes sunburn by blocking UVB. As such, most ofthese products contain a sun protection factor (SPF) rat-ing that indicates how well they block UVB as a measureof their effectiveness (SPF is therefore also called UVB-PF, for UVB protection factor) (Stephens et al. 2011).This rating offers no data about protection against UVAexposure, which does not lead to sunburn but is still harm-ful since it causes indirect UV DNA damage and is alsoconsidered carcinogenic. Some sunscreen lotions nowinclude compounds such as titanium dioxide, which helpsprotect against UVA rays. Other UVA blocking com-pounds found in sunscreens include zinc oxide andavobenzone.[0006] The active ingredients in sunscreens are eitherchemical or mineral based. The principal ingredients insunscreens are usually aromatic molecules conjugatedwith carbonyl groups. This general structure allows themolecule to absorb high-energy ultraviolet rays and re-lease the energy as lower-energy rays, thereby prevent-ing the skin-damaging ultraviolet rays from reaching theskin. So, upon exposure to UV light, most of the ingredi-

ents (with the notable exception of avobenzone) do notundergo significant chemical change, allowing these in-gredients to retain the UV-absorbing potency without sig-nificant photodegradation. A chemical stabilizer is includ-ed in some sunscreens containing avobenzone to slowits breakdown - examples include formulations contain-ing Helioplex and AvoTriplex. The stability of avobenzonecan also be improved by bemotrizinol (Chatelain andGabard 2001), octocrylene; and various other photosta-bilisers.[0007] Olive oil was often used as the source of freefatty acid due to its high oleic acid and squalene content,which can help protect skin against free radical-generat-ed damage induced by UV light (Ching 2008). Other nat-ural and organic ingredients that may be used in a naturalsunscreen recipe include sesame, coconut, avocado orEmu oils and Aloe vera or shea butter as they can absorbmuch of the sun’s rays

Alopecia

[0008] Alopecia, hair thinning and baldness refer to apartial or complete absence of hair and is found in bothmen and women. Although typically most noticeable onthe scalp of an individual, it can occur anywhere on thebody where hair grows.An individual with alopecia may suffer from loss or low-ering of self-esteem. Alopecia is a disease that affectsthe hair follicles, which are part of the skin from whichhairs grow. The disease is an autoimmune disease inwhich the immune system attacks the hair follicles.[0009] A variety of approaches are used to mask alo-pecia, such as wigs, weaves, hats, scarves, surgical im-plants, etc., which underscores the issues of self-esteemand methods to reduce or minimize the effects of alo-pecia. There is an unmet need for the treatment of alo-pecia.

Short stature and/or growth failure

[0010] Growth is a fundamental aspect in the develop-ment of an organism and is regulated by a highly organ-ized and complex system. Height is a multifactorial trait,influenced by both environmental and genetic factors.Developmental malformations concerning body heightare common phenomena among many species. Thereis an unmet need in the treatment of short stature and/orgrowth failure.

Eczema

[0011] Eczema is a common problem that causes theskin to become inflamed. It is also known as dermatitis.Eczema or dermatitis comes in many forms, and is notone specific skin condition. Common symptoms are:

• Itching. Sometimes intense with damage to the skinduring eczema often due to scratching.

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• Scaling. The surface of the skin can flake off, givingthe skin a rough, scaly appearance.

• Redness. The affected skin may bleed and appearblotchy.

• Fluid-filled blisters. These can ooze and form crusts.• Cracking. Severely affected skin may develop pain-

ful, deep cracks, also called fissures.

[0012] Depending on the cause, eczema may flare upand cause severe symptoms, but it can also become achronic problem with less intense symptoms.[0013] Medical research continues to show that themost effective treatment plan for eczema - regardless oftype - involves using a combination of therapies to treatthe skin and making lifestyle changes to control flare-ups. Doing so tends to increase effectiveness and reduceside effects from medications.

Leathery and Dry Skin on Elbows

[0014] This fairly common skin pigmentation disorderoften occurs as we lean on our elbows for extended andrepeated periods of time. The most notable sign is darkpatches of skin at the elbows with a thick, velvety texture.

Age Spots

[0015] Age spots, also called liver spots, are flat brownpatches on the skin that have darkened in color ("pig-mented") after exposure to sunlight or ultraviolet light.They are commonly seen in people over the age of 40on areas of skin that are frequently exposed to sunlight,such as the hands, shoulders, forearms, face and fore-head. Age spots may look unattractive, but are painlessand harmless, although their dark color can delay thediagnosis of some skin cancers.

Blood Flow

[0016] Blood flow is the continuous circulation of bloodin the cardiovascular system to ensure the transportationof nutrients, hormones, oxygen, carbon dioxide, waste,etc to different body parts to maintain cell-level metabo-lism, pH regulation, temperature and osmotic pressurefor the whole body and the protection from microbial andmechanical harms (Tortora and Derrickson, 2012).[0017] Good blood circulation is essential to maintain-ing a healthy body. In order maintain a healthy body it isvital to have an adequate and developing blood supplyto various tissues in order to induce cell activity for treat-ing wrinkles, looking young, treating burns, infections,hair growth, wounds healing, musculoskeletal regener-ation, especially in fracture healing, cartilage regenera-tion, muscle repair, etc.[0018] Lessened or decreased blood flow in tissuescan be due to a number of reasons.[0019] Anemia (also spelled as "anaemia" and"anæmia") is a decrease in number of red blood cells

(RBCs) or less than the normal quantity of hemoglobinin the blood. Because hemoglobin (found inside RBCs)normally carries oxygen from the lungs to the capillaries,anemia leads to hypoxia (lack of oxygen) in organs. Sinceall human cells depend on oxygen for survival, varyingdegrees of anemia can have a wide range of clinical con-sequences.[0020] Hypoxia (also known as hypoxiation) is a con-dition in which the body or a region of the body is deprivedof adequate oxygen supply. Hypoxia may be classifiedas either generalized, affecting the whole body, or local,affecting a region of the body. Although hypoxia is oftena pathological condition, variations in arterial oxygen con-centrations can be part of the normal physiology, for ex-ample, during strenuous physical exercise.[0021] Heart failure (HF), often called congestive heartfailure (CHF) or congestive cardiac failure (CCF), occurswhen the heart is unable to provide sufficient pump actionto maintain blood flow to meet the needs of the body.Heart failure can cause a number of symptoms includingshortness of breath, leg swelling, and exercise intoler-ance.[0022] Ischemia (also spelled as ischaemia or ischae-mia) is a restriction in blood supply to tissues, causing ashortage of oxygen and glucose needed for cellular me-tabolism (to keep tissue alive). Ischemia is generallycaused by problems with blood vessels, with resultantdamage to or dysfunction of tissue. It also means localanemia in a given part of a body sometimes resultingfrom congestion (such as vasoconstriction, thrombosisor embolism).[0023] Atherosclerosis (or arteriosclerotic vasculardisease) is a condition where the arteries become nar-rowed and hardened due to an excessive build up ofplaque around the artery wall. The disease disrupts theflow of blood around the body, posing serious cardiovas-cular complications.[0024] Venous thrombosis is poor blood circulationdue to veins becoming inflamed, often as a result of bloodclots becoming lodged in the veins. This can lead to ten-derness, skin discoloration and swelling in the areawhere the vein is being affected.[0025] Polycythaemia rubra vera, is a condition inwhich there is an abnormally high number of red bloodcells in the blood or an abnormally high number of plate-lets and white blood cells. Because of the extra numberof blood cells circulating, the blood becomes thicker ormore sludgy than normal.[0026] Blood rheology factor that influences local tis-sue perfusion due to viscosity of blood depends on sev-eral factors, including hematocrit, red blood cell deform-ability and aggregation, and leukocyte activation.[0027] Stroke occurs when the brain is deprived of theoxygen it needs due to an interruption of its blood supply.Without oxygen brain cells die. The oxygen deprived areaof brain tissue is called an infarct.[0028] Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) refers to dis-eases of the blood vessels (arteries and veins) located

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outside the heart and brain.[0029] Gangrene is reduced blood supply to the affect-ed tissues, which results in cell death.[0030] Inadequate exercise can also lead to poor bloodcirculation. Other causative factors include spending agreat deal of time driving or in airplane travel, or a neutralposition such that blood in the pelvis and legs can be-come stagnant, which can lead to poor circulation andblood pooling.[0031] Combining a lack of exercise with poor diet andsmoking can also increase the risk of developing a dan-gerous blood circulation condition.[0032] Tight fitting clothing can decrease blood circu-lation, most notably in the pelvic region. Control-top pan-tyhose, tight shirts or skinny jeans are just a few examplesof clothing that can contribute to this issue.[0033] Stress can also lead to poor circulation, mostnotably in the hands. Stress leads to knots in the musclesin the shoulders and neck, which can restrict blood flowto the heart and other major organs.[0034] Frostbite is the medical condition where local-ized damage is caused to skin and other tissues due tofreezing. Frostbite is most likely to happen in body partsfarthest from the heart and those with large exposed ar-eas. The initial stages of frostbite are sometimes called"frost nip".[0035] Aging will cause some changes in the heart andblood vessels.

Skin Tightening and Ant-Wrinkling Properties

[0036] A wrinkle, also known as a rhytide, is a fold,ridge or crease in the skin. Skin wrinkles typically appearas a result of aging processes such as glycation, habitualsleeping positions, loss of body mass, or temporarily, asthe result of prolonged immersion in water. Age wrinklingin the skin is promoted by habitual facial expressions,aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, excess al-cohol consumption and various other factors.

Athlete’s Foot

[0037] Athlete’s foot also known as ringworm of thefoot and tinea pedis is a fungal infection of the skin thatcauses scaling, flaking, and itching in affected areas. Al-though the condition typically affects the feet, it canspread to other areas of the body, including the groin.About 70% of the population in the world is believed toexperience a cutaneous mycotic infection at some pointin their lives. Athlete’s foot, the most prevalent mycoticinfection worldwide, is caused by a Dermatophytes moldthe Trichophyton sp.

Camel fat

[0038] Fat in a camel is not stored subcutaneously overan extensive area of the camel, as with humans and mostanimals that store their fat mixed in with muscle tissue

or in a layer beneath the skin. Rather, it is stored in thehump on the back of the animal. In a healthy, well-fedcamel, the hump can weigh as much as 35 kilograms.Camel fat is also present in the milk, blood, meat andbones of the camel. Advantageously, the fat containedin the hump can be obtained via liposuction without killingthe camel, leaving the camel to survive and generatemore fat. The fat from the hump also contains fibrousproteinaceous connective tissue, which prevents themelting of the fat and may have positive medicinal activ-ities.[0039] In Camelus dromedaries the main fatty acidcomposition of camel hump fat is palmitic acid C16:0(mole 33.8%), stearic acid C18:0 (mole 25.9%); oleic acidC18:1 (mole 18.1%); and myristic acid C14:0 (mile 6.3%)(Haasmann 1998). The saturated fatty acids are 74.2%,clearly demonstrating that camel hump fat contains ahigher proportion of saturated fatty acids than fats fromother sources, as previously reported (Haasmann 1998).This partially accounts for the fact that camel hump fathas a higher melting point than, for example, porcine fat(Haasmann 1998). The use of camel oil derived fromcamel hump fat in the production of cosmetics was re-ported by Mary Gearin in 2001 (Australian BroadcastingCorp., 7 April 2001). Volpato et al. (Journal of Ethnobi-ology and Ethnomedicine 2012, Vol 8:49) relates to veg-etal, animal, and mineral products for perfumes, cosmet-ics, and skin healing, and describes the use of camelhump fat for treating skin wounds. Sarah Macdonald de-scribes at Sunshine Coast Daily ("Camels surprise beau-ty package", 11 July 2012) the use of camel oil and camelmilk for various skin conditions.[0040] The component acids of camel fat of Camelusbactrianus were reported (Gunstone and Russell 1954).They found that camel fats are more saturated than theaverage sheep or ox tallow and this is reflected mainlyin the increased content of stearic acid and decreasedamount of oleic acid.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0041] An object of the present invention is to providecompounds, compositions and methods for the treatmentof a subject having conditions such as cancer, conditionsof the skin, growth failure, diminished blood flow, or con-ditions associated with exposure to radiation.[0042] The present invention is defined by the append-ed claims. In particular, the present invention provides:

1. A non-therapeutic use of a composition compris-ing fat derived from the hump of a camel for the treat-ment of a subject having, suspected of having, or atrisk of developing a condition associated with expo-sure to UV radiation, wherein the condition associ-ated with exposure to UV radiation is any one of thefollowing: aging, discolorations, age spots, molesand freckles, wrinkles, skin redness, and peeling anditching.

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2. The use according to item 1, wherein the fat de-rived from the hump of the camel comprises at leastone of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, myristicacid, omega 3, 6, 9 or Vitamin E.3. The use according to item 1, wherein the fat de-rived from the hump of a camel is prepared by: (i)heating a portion of fat from a camel hump; and (ii)removing impurities from said heated camel fat.4. The use according to item 3, wherein the portionof camel fat is heated (a) at about 60° for about 45minutes; or (b) at about 100° for about 20 minutes.5. A composition comprising fat derived from thehump of a camel for use in treating or preventing (a)a condition associated with exposure to UV radiation;or (b) alopecia, eczema, acne, atopic dermatitis, se-borrhoeic dermatitis, or skin burns.6. The composition for use according to item 5,wherein the condition associated with exposure toUV radiation is any one of the following: photoageing,sunburn, UV-induced edema, erythema, actinickeratosis, rosacea, lupus erythematosus, immunesuppression, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cellcarcinoma, melanoma, and cutaneous T cell lym-phoma.7. The composition for use according to item 5 or 6,wherein the composition is to be administered topi-cally.8. The composition for use according to any one ofitems 5-7, wherein the fat derived from a camel com-prises at least one of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleicacid, myristic acid, omega 3, 6, 9 or Vitamin E.9. The composition for use according to any one ofitems 5-7, wherein the fat derived from the hump ofa camel is prepared by (i) heating a portion of fatfrom a camel hump, and (ii) removing impurities fromsaid heated camel fat.10. The composition for use according to item 9,wherein the portion of fat from a camel hump is heat-ed (a) at about 60° for about 45 minutes, or (b) atabout 100° for about 20 minutes.

[0043] Further described herein is a composition forthe treatment of a subject having one of more of the fol-lowing disorders: a) alopecia; b) short stature and/orgrowth failure; c) eczema; d) atopic dermatitis; e) sebor-rhoeic dermatitis; f) leathery and dry skin on elbows; g)age spots; h) lessened blood flow in tissues; i) loosenedskin and wrinkles; or j) Athlete’s Foot, comprising fat de-rived from the hump of a camel.[0044] Also described herein is a composition for thetreatment of a subject having, suspected of having, or atrisk of having a condition associated with exposure toradiation comprising fat derived from the hump of a cam-el. In one example, said radiation is ultraviolet radiation.[0045] Further described herein is a composition forphotoprotection, comprising fat derived from the humpof a camel.[0046] The fat derived from the hump of a camel may

comprise at least one of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleicacid, myristic acid, omega 3, 6, 9 or Vitamin E.[0047] The fat derived from the hump of a camel maybe prepared by: (i) heating a portion of fat from a camelhump; and (ii) removing impurities from said heated cam-el fat. In one example, the portion of camel fat is heatedat about 60° C for about 45 minutes. In another example,the portion of camel fat is heated at about 100° C forabout 20 minutes.[0048] In one aspect, described herein is treating asubject having cancer, suspected of having cancer, or atrisk of developing cancer comprising administering fatderived from the hump of a camel. In one example, thesaid cancer is melanoma.[0049] In one aspect, described herein is treating asubject having one of more of the following disorders: a)alopecia; b) short stature and/or growth failure; c) ecze-ma; d) atopic dermatitis; e) seborrhoeic dermatitis; f)leathery and dry skin on elbows; g) age spots; h) lessenedblood flow in tissues; i) loosened skin and wrinkles; or j)Athlete’s Foot, comprising administering fat derived fromthe hump of a camel.[0050] In one aspect, described herein is treating asubject having, suspected of having, or at risk of havinga condition associated with exposure to radiation, com-prising administering fat derived from the hump of a cam-el. In one example, the said radiation is ultraviolet radi-ation.[0051] The administration of the fat derived from thehump of the camel may be topical administration.[0052] The fat derived from the hump of a camel maycomprise at least one of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleicacid, myristic acid, omega 3, 6, 9 or Vitamin E.[0053] The fat derived from the hump of a camel maybe prepared by (i) heating a portion of fat from a camelhump and (ii) removing impurities from said heated camelfat. In one example, the portion of camel fat is heated atabout 60° C for about 45 minuteds. In another example,the portion of camel fat is heated at about 100° C forabout 20 minutes.[0054] In one aspect, described herein is a method forpreparing a sunscreen composition, a photoprotectivecomposition, or a cancer therapeutic composition, com-prising: (i) heating a portion of fat from a camel hump, (ii)removing impurities from said heated camel fat. In oneexample, the portion of camel fat is heated at about 60°C for about 45 minutes. In another example, the portionof camel fat is heated at about 100° C for about 20 min-utes.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] In the following description, the term "subject"(or "patient") as used herein, refers to any mammal ornon-mammal that would benefit from treatment. In certainexamples a subject or patient includes, but is not limitedto, humans, farm animals (such as cows, sheep, pigsand the like), companion animals (such as cats, dogs,

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horses and the like), non-human primates, and rodents(such as mice, rats and the like). In a specific example,the subject is a human.

Ultraviolet radiation, cancer, burns, age spots

[0056] As will be described in more detail below, oneaspect of the present disclosure relates to compounds,compositions and methods for the treatment of a subjectwith a condition associated with exposure to radiation.[0057] In one aspect, disclosed are sunscreen andphotoprotective compositions and methods for use in thetreatment of a subject, associated with the subject’s ex-posure to UV radiation.[0058] Also as will be described below, the present dis-closure also relates to compositions and methods for usein the treatment of a subject at risk of developing cancer,having cancer, or suspected of having cancer, said can-cer associated with the subject’s exposure to UV radia-tion.[0059] Thus, in accordance with one aspect of thepresent disclosure, described herein are sunscreen andphotoprotective compositions and methods.[0060] The sunscreen compositions and methods areuseful in protecting the skin of a subject from UV radia-tion, and for example, sunburn due to UV radiation.[0061] The photoprotective compositions and meth-ods are useful for the treatment or prevention of cell dam-age from UV radiation, and for example, skin damageand injury due to UV radiation.[0062] The term "skin damage and injury" due to UVradiation, includes, but is not limited to, UV-induced ede-ma, erythema or thickening of the skin. Also included issactinic keratoses, aging, discolorations, photokerato-conjunctivitis, photoageing, age spots (liver spots),moles and freckles, cataracts and other eye damage anddiseases, retinal injury, wrinkles, swelling and blisters,skin redness, peeling and itching, rosacea, lupus ery-thematosus, hyperhidrosis, acute and chronic health ef-fects, immune suppression.[0063] In accordance with another aspect of thepresent disclosure, described herein are compositionsand methods for use in the treatment of a subject at riskof developing cancer, having cancer, or suspected ofhaving cancer, said cancer associated with a patient’sexposure to UV radiation, comprising: administering tosaid subject a therapeutic composition. In one example,said therapeutic composition comprises fat derived froma member of the Camelidae family.[0064] Radiation sources in addition to UV radiationare also contemplated, and include, but are not limitedto X-ray, microwave, and nuclear radiation.[0065] The term "cancer" as used herein, refers to ordescribes the physiological condition in a mammal thatis typically characterized by unregulated cell growth.Cancers may be solid or non-solid cancers. Cancers maybe a primary cancer and/or metastatic cancer. Cancersinclude, but are not limited to, a solid cancer, a non-solid

cancer, a primary cancer, a metastatic cancer.[0066] In a specific example, the cancer is a result ofUV exposure. In a more specific example, the cancer issquamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma(BCC), or melanoma. In another example, the cancer isleukemia, thyroid cancer, female breast cancer, bonecancer, lung cancer, or cutaneous T cell lymphoma.[0067] The term "treating", "treatment", or "lesseningthe severity", refers to any reduction using the methods,compounds and composition disclosed herein. Non-lim-iting example of "treatment" include, enhancement of pa-tient survival, halting disease progression, delay in dis-ease progression, diminishment of pain, delay in diseasespread to alternate sites, organs or systems. Treatmentalso encompasses lessening of severity, amelioration orpalliation of the disease state, and remission or improvedprognosis. Treatment may comprise a reduction in theamount/dosage of radiotherapy and/or chemotherapyotherwise required to treat a subject, thereby resulting ina reduction of normal tissue damage. It is to be under-stood that any clinically beneficial effect that arises fromthe methods, compounds, compositions and methodsdescribed herein, is considered to be encompassed bythe disclosure.[0068] Additional conditions which are suitable fortreatment using the compounds and compositions of thepresent disclosure, include, but are not limited to cos-metic application, anti-aging, immunosuppressive con-ditions, and the like.[0069] In a specific example, treatment is carried outin vivo.[0070] In a another example, treatment is carried outin vitro, including but not limited to, in test tube, in culturedcells (both adherent cells and non-adherent cells), andthe like.[0071] In another example, treatment is carried out exvivo, including but not limited to, in test tube, in culturedcells (both adherent cells and non-adherent cells), andthe like.[0072] In the case of sunscreen and photoprotectiveuses, the compounds and compositions of the presentdisclosure may also include one or more additional cos-metic compositions. Non limiting examples of cosmeticcomposition include vegetable oils; esters such as octylpalpitate, C12-15 alkyl benzoate, isopropyl myristate andisopropyl palpitate; ethers such as dicapryl ether anddimethyl isosorbide; alcohols such as ethanol and iso-propanol; fatty alcohols such as cetyl alcohol, stearyl al-cohol and behenyl alcohol; isoparaffins such as isooc-tane, isododecane and isohexadecane; silicone oils suchas dimethicones, cyclic silicones, and polysiloxanes; hy-drocarbon oils such as mineral oil, petrolatum, isoei-cosane and polyisobutene; polyols such as propyleneglycol, ethoxydiglycol, glycerin, butylene glycol, penty-lene glycol and hexylene glycol; an elastomer, or anycombinations thereof.[0073] Additionally, in the case of sunscreen and pho-toprotective uses, the compounds and compositions of

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the present disclosure may also include one or more ad-ditional composition, including, but not limited to, anes-thetics, anti-allergenics, antifungals, antimicrobials, anti-acne, anti-inflammatories, antiseptics, chelating agents,botanical extracts, colorants, depigmenting agents,emollients, exfollients, film formers, fragrances, humect-ants, insect repellents, poison ivy, oak and sumac prot-estants, lubricants, moisturizers, pharmaceutical agents,preservatives, skin protestants, skin penetration enhanc-ers, stabilizers, surfactants, thickeners, viscosity modifi-ers, vitamins, or any combinations thereof.[0074] In the case of the treatment of cancer in a sub-ject, the compositions comprising agents disclosed here-in may be used in the methods described herein in com-bination with standard chemotherapeutic regimes or inconjunction with radiotherapy. Treatment of various can-cers, such as, for example, melanoma, are well knownto the skilled worker.[0075] In one example, a composition of the presentdisclosure is applied to the skin of a subject prior to ex-posure to UV radiation. In another example, a composi-tion of the present disclosure is applied to the skin of asubject subsequent to exposure to UV radiation. In an-other example, a composition of the present disclosureis applied to the skin of a subject during exposure to UVradiation. In another example, a composition of thepresent disclosure is applied to the skin of a subject priorto, and/or subsequent to, and/or during, exposure to UVradiation.[0076] In one example, described herein is a methodof preparing a sunscreen composition, a photoprotectivecomposition, or a cancer therapeutic composition, com-prising isolating camelid fatty acids present in camelhump fat, for example palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleicacid, myristic acid, omega 3, 6, 9 or Vitamin E, either incombination or individually, for treating a subject with acondition associated with exposure to radiation, cancercells, age spots and skin burns.

Alopecia

[0077] In accordance with another aspect of thepresent disclosure, described herein are compounds,compositions and methods for the treatment of a subjectat risk of developing alopecia, having alopecia, or sus-pected of having alopecia, comprising: administering tosaid subject a therapeutic compound or composition. Inone example, said therapeutic composition comprisesfat derived from a member of the Camelidae family.[0078] The term "alopecia" as used herein, refers tohair loss, any degree of hair thinning, or baldness.[0079] The term "hair", typically refers to the hair on ahuman, whereas the term "fur" typically refers non-hu-man mammalian hair. As used herein, the terms "hair"and "fur" will be used interchangeably, and the term "hair"shall be taken to include "fur", and vice versa. The term"hair" shall also be taken to include hair on any part of amammalian body, including, but not limited to, the head,

arms, legs, chest, back, genitals, eyebrow, edge of theeyelid (e.g., eyelashes), armpit, or other body part(s) orlocation(s).[0080] Hair has two distinct structures: the follicle,which resides in the skin, and the shaft, which is what isvisible above the scalp.[0081] Hair growth may be divided into separate stagesof growth and shedding, namely, anagen, catagen, andtelogen.[0082] Anagen is an active phase of the hair, in whichcells in the root of the hair are dividing rapidly and newhair is formed. Catagen is a transitional stage in whichhair growth stops and hair is anchored. Telogen is a rest-ing phase in which the folice is at rest.[0083] Hair loss or hair thinning includes any conditionthat results in a reduced ability to replace shed hairs orthat results in enhanced shedding without their concom-itant or subsequent replacement. A deregulated hair cy-cle (or the biochemica components that constitute thehair cycle), for example, may lead to accelerated hairloss, which may be temporary or permanent.[0084] Alopecia may result from hereditary causes andnon-hereditary causes, or both.[0085] Alopecia, irrespective of the cause, is often as-sociated with lowered self-esteem.[0086] As used herein, the term "treat" or "treating" or"treatment", in the context of alopecia, refer to use of atherapeutically effective amount of a pre-existing condi-tion, or prophylactically effective amount or preventativemeasures, wherein the aim is to prevent, ameliorate, re-duce or slow down (lessen) hair thinning, hair loss oralopecia. A mammal in need of treatment of alopecia mayalready have the condition, or may be prone to have thecondition or may be in whom the condition is to be pre-vented. Treatment may also comprise a reduction in theamount/dosage of an existing alopecia therapy otherwiserequired to treat a subject. A mammal in need of preven-tion may be prone to develop the condition.[0087] The active compounds and compositions arefor administration to an individual in a "prophylacticallyeffective amount" or a "therapeutically effective amount"(as the case may be, although prophylaxis may be con-sidered therapy), this being sufficient to show benefit tothe individual in the context of alopecia herein. For ex-ample, therapeutically effective amount refers to anamount of the composition capable of reducing hair thin-ning, hair loss or alopecia in a mammal to a level that isbeneficial to treat or prevent hair thinning, hair loss oralopecia. The actual amount administered, and rate andtime-course of administration, will depend on the natureand severity of the alopecia being treated. Prescriptionof treatment, e.g. decisions on dosage etc., is within theresponsibility of general practitioners and other medicaldoctors, and typically takes account of the disorder to betreated, the condition of the individual patient, the site ofdelivery, the method of administration and other factorsknown to practitioners.[0088] The term "ameliorate" or "amelioration", in the

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context of alopecia herein, refers to a decrease, reductionor elimination of a condition, disease, disorder, or phe-notype, including an abnormality or symptom.[0089] In one embodiment the present invention re-lates to a topical cream or an emulsion for the treatmentof alopecia in a subject.[0090] Alopecia treated by a composition of the presentdisclosure can be caused by one or more factors selectedfrom hereditary, age, environmental effects, chemother-apy, radiotherapy, radiation exposure, childbirth, fertilitydrugs, surgery, poisoning, stress, iron deficiency, infec-tion (including viral, bacterial, fungal or mycotic infec-tions), autoimmune disorders, lupus, tumours, skin out-growths, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, stress, mal-nutrition, hormonal disorder, or any agent(s) or disor-der(s) that may induce necrosis or apoptosis of the hairfollicle, or prevent the follicle to enter anagen.[0091] Alopecia treated by a composition of the presentdisclosure can be one or more of hereditary alopecia ornon-hereditary alopecia.[0092] Alopecia treated by a composition of the presentdisclosure can be one or more of alopecia comprisesandrogenic alopecia, alopecia areata, alopecia totalis, oralopecia universalis, or telogen effluvium.[0093] A composition of the present disclosure may bea topical composition for stimulating hair growth, or pre-venting hair loss.[0094] In specific examples, a therapeutically effectiveamount of a composition of the present disclosure is usedin the treatment of alopecia in a subject.[0095] The compounds and compositions of thepresent disclosure for the treatment of alopecia may beformulated in any form used in the pharmaceutical orcosmetic field, desirably suitable for topical administra-tion. For example, the composition may be a hair-growingproduct, hair or scalp cosmetic (e.g. shampoo, hair con-ditioner, scalp lotion, scalp cream, hair tonic, etc.), skin-care product (e.g. lotion, cream, face cream, face lotion,milk, pack, liquid facial wash, soap, etc.), body care prod-uct (e.g. body cream, body lotion, soap, liquid wash, bathadditive, etc.), UV protective agent (e.g. sun block, sun-screen lotion, tanning oil, etc.), or cosmetic (e.g. eyeliner,eyebrow pencil, cream, lotion, etc).[0096] The compounds and compositions describedherein for the treatment of alopecia may also include ex-isting therapies for alopecia including one or more of mi-noxidil, spironolactone, cyproterone acetate, ketocona-zole, flutamide, finasteride (Propecia), progesterone, es-trogen, prostaglandin analogs such as travoprost and vo-prostol, hair transplantion, or treatment with laser.

Short stature and growth failure

[0097] In accordance with another aspect of thepresent disclosure, described herein are compounds,compositions and methods for the treatment of a subjectat risk of developing short stature and/or growth failure,or suspected of having short stature and/or growth fail-

ure, comprising: administering to said subject a thera-peutic compound or composition. In one example, saidtherapeutic composition comprises fat derived from amember of the Camelidae family.[0098] Short stature is typically considered to be aheight more than two standard deviations below themean (or below the 2.5 percentile) for a given age andgender, as compared to a well nourished, genetically rel-evant, population. Short stature is often a normal variant,however, short stature may be a sign of a wide varietyof pathologic conditions or inherited disorders.[0099] Causes of short stature include familial shortstature, or constitutional delay of growth and develop-ment (i.e., "late bloomers"), and chronic disease (includ-ing malnutrition and genetic disorders),.[0100] While most cases of short stature have familialshort stature or constitutional delay of growth and devel-opment, other causes include, but are not limited to, psy-chosocial deprivation, hyperphagic short stature syn-drome, intrauterine growth restriction, etomaternal fac-tors, prematurity, placental dysfunction, congenital, egRussell-Silver syndrome, malnutrition, inflammatorybowel disease, coeliac disease, bowel obstruction, en-zyme deficiencies, chronic bowel infection, chronic dis-ease, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, hae-moglobinopathies, kidney disease, acidosis, malignan-cy, neurological (eg hydrocephalus), skeletal dysplasias,chondrodysplasias, osteogenesis imperfecta, rickets,chromosomal abnormalities, Turner’s syndrome, trisomysyndromes, endocrine, hypothyroidism, panhypopituitar-ism, Laron’s syndrome, Cushing’s syndrome, pseudohy-pothyroidism, growth hormone deficiency or insufficien-cy, metabolic mucopolysaccharidoses, glycogen storagedisease, drugs, steroids, genetic mutations such asSHOX gene mutation(s).[0101] When no clear cause of short stature has beenidentified in children with short stature and/or growth fail-ure and with a prognosis of compromised adult heightrelative to target height, a widely used term is idiopathicshort stature.[0102] Children of short stature found to lack growthhormone typically are treated with growth hormone in-jections. Growth hormone injections are also typicallyused to treat Turner syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome,chronic kidney failure, or idiopathic short stature (ISS).[0103] Humatrope® (somatropin) is indicated in chil-dren who: do not make enough growth hormone on theirown, have Turner syndrome, have idiopathic short stat-ure, have SHOX deficiency.[0104] Growth failure (also referred to as a growth ve-locity disorder) is a pathologic state of abnormally lowgrowth rate over time indicative that a subject will notreach the genetically expected adult height. Short statureand growth failure often occur together, but not always.[0105] As used herein, the term "treat" or "treating" or"treatment", in the context of short stature and/or growthfailure, refer to use of a therapeutically effective amountof a pre-existing condition, or prophylactically effective

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amount or preventative measures, wherein the aim is toprevent, ameliorate, reduce or slow down (lessen) shortstature and/or growth failure. A mammal in need of treat-ment of short stature and/or growth failure may alreadyhave the condition, or may be prone to have the conditionor may be in whom the condition is to be prevented. Treat-ment may also comprise a reduction in the amount/dos-age of an existing short stature and/or growth failure ther-apy otherwise required to treat a subject. A mammal inneed of prevention may be prone to develop the condi-tion.[0106] The active compounds and compositions arefor administration to an individual in a "prophylacticallyeffective amount" or a "therapeutically effective amount"(as the case may be, although prophylaxis may be con-sidered therapy), this being sufficient to show benefit tothe individual in the context of short stature and/or growthfailure. The actual amount administered, and rate andtime-course of administration, will depend on the natureand severity of the short stature and/or growth failurebeing treated. Prescription of treatment, e.g. decisionson dosage etc., is within the responsibility of general prac-titioners and other medical doctors, and typically takesaccount of the disorder to be treated, the condition of theindividual patient, the site of delivery, the method of ad-ministration and other factors known to practitioners.[0107] The term "ameliorate" or "amelioration", in thecontext of short stature and/or growth failure herein, re-fers to a decrease, reduction or elimination of a condition,disease, disorder, or phenotype, including an abnormal-ity or symptom.[0108] The present disclosure also relates to a topicalcream or an emulsion for the treatment of short statureand/or growth failure in a subject.[0109] In specific examples, a therapeutically effectiveamount of a composition of the present disclosure is usedin the treatment of short stature and/or growth failure ina subject.[0110] The term "therapeutically effective amount", inthe context of short stature and/or growth failure, refersto an amount of the composition capable of reducing hairthinning, hair loss or alopecia in a mammal to a level thatis beneficial to treat or prevent short stature and/or growthfailure. A therapeutically effective amount may be deter-mined empirically and in a routine manner in relation totreating short stature and/or growth failure.[0111] The compounds and compositions of thepresent disclosure for the treatment of short statureand/or growth failure may be formulated in any form usedin the pharmaceutical, quasi-drug, or cosmetic field, de-sirably suitable for topical administration. For example,the composition may be a hair or scalp cosmetic (e.g.shampoo, hair conditioner, scalp lotion, scalp cream, hairtonic, etc.), skincare product (e.g. lotion, cream, facecream, face lotion, milk, pack, liquid facial wash, soap,etc.), body care product (e.g. body cream, body lotion,soap, liquid wash, bath additive, etc.), UV protectiveagent (e.g. sun block, sunscreen lotion, tanning oil, etc.),

or cosmetic (e.g. eyeliner, eyebrow pencil, cream, lotion,etc).[0112] The compounds and compositions of thepresent disclosure for the treatment of short statureand/or growth failure may also include existing therapiesfor short stature and/or growth failure including growthhormone, Humatrope® (somatropin).

Eczema

[0113] The present disclosure also relates to a topicalcream or an emulsion for the treatment of eczema in asubject.[0114] In specific examples, a therapeutically effectiveamount of a composition of the present disclosure is usedin the treatment of eczema in a subject.[0115] The term "therapeutically effective amount", inthe context of eczema, refers to an amount of the com-position capable of treating eczema in a human. A ther-apeutically effective amount may be determined empiri-cally and in a routine manner in relation to treating ecze-ma.[0116] The compounds and compositions of thepresent disclosure for the treatment of eczema may beformulated in any form used in the pharmaceutical, quasi-drug, or cosmetic field, desirably suitable for topical ad-ministration. For example, the composition may be ascalp cosmetic (e.g. shampoo, scalp lotion, scalp cream,etc.), skincare product (e.g. lotion, cream, face cream,face lotion, milk, pack, liquid facial wash, soap, etc.), bodycare product (e.g. body cream, body lotion, soap, liquidwash, bath additive, etc.), eczema protective agent, orcosmetic (e.g. eyeliner, eyebrow pencil, cream, lotion,etc).

Compounds and compositions

[0117] The compounds and composition may com-prise fat derived from a member of the Camelidae family(in the order Artiodactyla and suborder Tylopoda). In aspecific example, the fat is derived from a member of thegenus Camelus within the family Camelidae. In a specificexample, the fat is derived from a member of the speciesthe Camelus dromedaries (a dromedary, the one-humped camels) within the family Camelidae. In a spe-cific example, the fat is derived from a member of thespecies Camelus bactrianus (a bactrian camel, the two-humped camels) within the family Camelidae.[0118] In another aspect, the composition may com-prise fat derived from Arabian sheep (fat-tailed type).[0119] In another aspect, the composition may com-prise fat derived from a desert dwelling animal. Such adesert dwelling animal has typically lived for a numberof generations in the desert (or under desert-like condi-tions). In yet another example, the composition compris-es fat derived from a desert dwelling insect. Non-limitingexamples of such animals and insects include roadrun-ners, black widow spider, meerkats, kangaroo rats, ger-

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bils, rabbits, snakes, lizards, scorpions, coyotes, bob-cats, bighorn sheep, barbary sheep, nubian ibex, addax,klipspringer, and baboon, include.[0120] In one example, a composition of the presentdisclosure is prepared by obtaining fat from the hump ofa camel, heating the fat at 60°C for about 45 minutes,impurities are removed, and the resulting cream is storedat 10°C.[0121] It will be appreciated that fat sources from thecamel other than the hump are contemplated and includesuch non-limiting sources as camel blood, milk, urine, orthe like.[0122] Since the fat is the principal beneficial agent incamelid cream and is contained in camel milk and blood,the same properties and benefits can be derived fromcamel milk and camel blood, as it was observed that cam-el fat is transported through the blood.[0123] Hence, a composition of the present disclosuremay be prepared by obtaining fat from the blood of acamel and heating the fat at 60°C for about 45 minutes,impurities are removed, and the resulting cream is storedat 10°C.[0124] In use, in one example, a composition of thepresent disclosure may be applied topically to the skinof a subject at a concentration of about 1 g of cream per1 cm2 of skin. In another example, the concentration isgreater that about 1 g of cream per 1 cm2 of skin. Inanother example, the concentration is less than about 1g of cream per 1 cm2 of skin. In some examples, a com-position is applied topically to the skin of a subject at aconcentration of about 0.1 g to about 1 g cream per 1cm2 of skin.[0125] In some examples, the compounds and com-positions of the present disclosure are modified to furtherinclude, for example by conjugation to the camelid fat orfatty acids therein, one or more moieties that confer ra-diation protection from cosmic rays or electromagneticradiation spectrum wavelengths 103 to 10-12, e.g. radioor radioactivity or microwave or infrared or ultraviolet orx-rays or gamma rays, or UV light. Such moieties andmethod of conjugation are known to the skilled worker.[0126] In another example, the compounds and/orcompositions are provided in a pharmaceutically effec-tive amount.[0127] The term "pharmaceutically effective amount"as used herein refers to the amount of a drug or phar-maceutical agent that will elicit the biological or medicalresponse of a tissue, system, animal or human that isbeing sought by a researcher or clinician. This amountcan be a therapeutically effective amount.[0128] The compounds and compositions are providedin a pharmaceutically acceptable form.[0129] The term "pharmaceutically acceptable" asused herein includes compounds, materials, composi-tions, and/ or dosage forms which are suitable for use incontact with the tissues of a subject (e.g. human) withoutexcessive toxicity, irritation, allergic response, or otherproblem or complication, commensurate with a reason-

able benefit/risk ratio. Each carrier, excipient, etc., is alsoconsidered "acceptable" in the sense of being compatiblewith the other.[0130] The active compounds and compositions arefor administration to an individual in a "prophylacticallyeffective amount" or a "therapeutically effective amount"(as the case may be, although prophylaxis may be con-sidered therapy), this being sufficient to show benefit tothe individual. The actual amount administered, and rateand time-course of administration, will depend on the na-ture and severity of what is being treated. Prescription oftreatment, e.g. decisions on dosage etc., is within theresponsibility of general practitioners and other medicaldoctors, and typically takes account of the disorder to betreated, the condition of the individual patient, the site ofdelivery, the method of administration and other factorsknown to practitioners.[0131] The formulations may conveniently be present-ed in unit dosage form and may be prepared by any meth-ods well known in the art of pharmacy. Such methodsinclude the step of bringing the active compound intoassociation with a carrier, which may constitute one ormore accessory ingredients. In general, the formulationsare prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing intoassociation the active compound with liquid carriers orfinely divided solid carriers or both, and then if necessaryshaping the product.[0132] A compound or composition of the present dis-closure may be administered alone or in combination withother treatments, either simultaneously or sequentially,dependent upon the condition to be treated.[0133] In one example, the administration is topical ad-ministration.[0134] As used herein "topical administration" includescream, ointment or spray applied to the skin. The com-position can be made into any suitable product form, in-cluding by not limited to, an aerosol, balm, cream, gel,lotion, serum, mousse, patch, pomade, pump spray, roll-on, solution, stick or towelettes.[0135] In other examples, the compound or composi-tion is administered using eye drops.[0136] In another example, the compound or compo-sition is administered orally, for example in a capsule.[0137] In some examples, the compounds and com-positions of the present disclosure are produced as anutritional supplement or functional food.[0138] The compounds and compositions may also in-clude one or more carriers. Examples of carriers includesolutions, solvents, dispersion media, delay agents,emulsions and the like. For example, alcohols, glycols,vegetable oils, polyethylene glycols, gelatin, lactose,amylose, magnesium stearate, talc, silicic acid, viscousparaffin, perfume oil, fatty acid monoglycerides and dig-lycerides, pentaerythritol fatty acid esters, hydroxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidine, etc. The pharmaceuticalpreparations can be sterilized, and, if desired, mixed withauxiliary agents, including lubricants, preservatives, sta-bilizers, wetting agents, emulsifiers, salts for influencing

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osmotic pressure, buffers and coloring. Solutions, sus-pensions, emulsions, or implants, can conveniently beprovided for appropriate administration. The use of suchcarriers for pharmaceutical substances is well known inthe art.[0139] The formulations may be presented in unit-doseor multi-dose sealed containers.

Kits

[0140] Methods of the present disclosure are conven-iently practiced by providing the compounds and/or com-positions used in such method in the form of a kit. Sucha kit preferably contains the composition. Such a kit pref-erably contains instructions for the use thereof. Such akit optionally contains additional compounds, composi-tions and/or instructions for the use thereof.[0141] In one aspect of the presentdisclosure , de-scribed is a kit for the treatment of a subject having can-cer, or suspected of having cancer, said cancer associ-ated exposure to UV radiation, comprising: fat derivedfrom the hump of a camel, and instructions of the usethereof. In another aspect, said kit further comprises, atleast one chemotherapeutic agent to treat said cancer.[0142] In one aspect of the presentdisclosure , de-scribed is the treatment or prevention of damage to a celldue to exposure to UV radiation, comprising: administer-ing an effective amount of a sunscreen compositionwhich comprises an effective amount of fat derived fromthe hump of a camel.[0143] In one aspect of the present disclosure, de-scribed is the treatment or prevention of damage to a celldue to exposure to UV radiation, comprising: administer-ing an effective amount of a photoprotective compositionwhich comprises an effective amount of fat derived fromthe hump of a camel.[0144] In one aspect of the present disclosure, de-scribed is a kit for the treatment of a subject having alo-pecia, or suspect of having alopecia, comprising: fat de-rived from the hump of a camel, and instructions of theuse thereof. In another aspect, said kit further comprises,at least one agent to treat said alopecia.[0145] In one aspect of the present disclosure, de-scribed is a kit for the treatment of a subject having shortstature and/or growth failure, or suspect of having shortstature and/or growth failure, comprising: fat derived fromthe hump of a camel, and instructions of the use thereof.In another aspect, said kit further comprises, at least oneagent to treat said short stature and/or growth failure.[0146] To gain a better understanding of the inventiondescribed herein, the following examples are set forth. Itshould be understood that these example are for illustra-tive purposes only. Therefore, they should not limit thescope of this invention in any way.

EXAMPLES

EXAMPLE I - Treatment of Animals Exposed to UV Irradiation

Materials and Methods

Animals

[0147] Both male and female white BALB/c mice agedabout 3 - 4 months weighing 24 - 31 grams were randomlydivided into four groups of 10 animals and were housedin an animal facility and maintained throughout understandard conditions: 22 6 2°C, 50 6 10% relative hu-midity and 12 hour light/12 hour dark cycle. The micewere fed a standard diet and watered.

UV Irradiation

[0148] The experimental conditions were designed tosimulate severe natural conditions, a solar simulator UVlight type (F20 T8 GL 220-240 v UV CE) with a spectralrange (360nm - 370nm) corresponding to natural sunlightand environmentally relevant UVA doses were em-ployed.[0149] The dorsal shaved mice (2 3 3 cm in length)were clipped to keep animal position and exposed to dos-es of UVA radiation from about 15 cm from the sourceof light in a cabinet (75cm long x 50cm width x75cm high)for 4 hours per day for 3 months. During irradiation, thecages were regularly and systematically repositioned be-low the lights to reduce the variation in radiation intensity(610%) in different positions and the temperature wasstabilized with an electric fan.[0150] A digital camera was used to monitor changesresulting from UV exposure and pictures were taken forthis purpose.[0151] Gross lesions were recorded and specimens ofskin 1 x 1 cm were kept in 10% formalin and sent forhistopathological examination to study the microscopicchanges. Biosafety precautions were followed during theexperiment due to the hazardous effect of UV light, suchas wearing gloves, cups and masks along with an appro-priate hood.

Preparation of camelid fat cream

[0152] Fresh camel hump fat (28 Kg) from adult maledromedaries was obtained immediately after slaughter-ing. The camel hump fat was immediately stored at -80°C.For the experiments, about 500 gram of fat was defrostedto room temperature. Next it was placed in a lab beakerand heated to 60°C for 45 minutes. The crude melted fatwas cleaned of impurities using a food strainer (25 cmwire mesh sieve). The clear liquid fat was then collectedin a clean sterile container and stored in a fridge at 10°Cto be ready for use. The end fat has a white color with asoft creamy texture that absorbs quickly on skin.

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Histopathological examination

[0153] All animals were sacrificed by inhalation of chlo-roform (Memmert, Germany) and postmortem examina-tions were completed.[0154] Skin tissue was sampled and processed ac-cording to the following procedures.[0155] All skin tissue samples were dissected to anequal size of 1 x 1 cm square. Each piece of tissue wasimmediately fixed in buffered 10% formalin saline (BDH,England). Subsequently, all the pieces were separatelylabeled and processed together, encased in a ShandonElliot Histokinette tissue processor (Shandon SouthernProducts Ltd, Runcorn, UK).[0156] Sets of histological sections were stained withhematoxylin stain (Thermo-Shandon, UK) and Eosinstain (Panreac Quimica, Spain). The histological evalu-ation was performed using an Olympus BX 40 light mi-croscope.

Animal treatment

[0157] In this research the animals were shaved andthen divided into four groups with each group receivingtreatments as follows:

1. Group A: Unprotected, daily exposure to UV lightfor 4 hours over 3 month period2. Group B: Prior to the similar daily exposure to UVlight for 4 hours over 3 months, each mouse wastreated topically on the dorsal skin with about 1 gramof camelid fat cream to create a thin film of fat on thenude skin. The order of treatments was systemati-cally rotated to ensure comparability of timing of fatapplications, which were always completed within 5minutes of the start of irradiation.3. Group C: After unprotected daily exposure to UVlight for 4 hours over 3 months, similar to Group A,camelid fat cream was applied topically each day forthe subsequent 3 months.4. Group D: Control group with neither camelidcream nor UV exposure.

[0158] Mid dorsal skin fold thickness was measuredregularly during the three month test period in all 4groups. Tumor appearance and growth was mapped andrecorded for each mouse for tumors of diameter 1 mmor greater.

Results - I

[0159] Histopathological examination of the skin fromthe mice and analysis of tissue sections were performed.

Group A, following three months of radiation, animalshad formation of cells with pyknotic nucleus andshrunken eosinophilic cytoplasm, (sunburn cells) inthe epidermis of UV irradiated mice. There were also

neutrophil and macrophage infiltration in subcutane-ous tissue and around hair follicles, edema alongand between muscle fibers and fibrin network dep-osition in adipose tissue. The sunburn cell productionand focal inflammation were clearly visible. Erosion,necrosis of epidermal layer, focal hyperplasia of ep-ithelial layer with hyper chromatic nuclei neutrophilsand mononuclear cell infiltration in the dermis layerwere also visible, as well as necrosis of the epitheliallayer of hair follicle and sweat gland with neutrophilsin their lumen in addition to edema and neutrophilinfiltration between sweat gland and hair follicle.Signs of hemorrhage, congestion of blood vessels,edema, neutrophil infiltration, and cellular debris inthe lumen of the hair follicle are present. Fibrous con-nective tissue proliferation and mononuclear cell in-filtration in the adipose tissue were also clearly vis-ible.Group B (with camelid fat cream application prior todaily exposure) The protected skin of mice showedmoderate mononuclear cell infiltration in the dermislayer and congestion of the blood vessel with normalepidermal layer. There was a normal structure of ep-idermal layer and limited mononuclear cell infiltrationin the dermal layer, and focal aggregation of mono-nuclear cells around hair follicles which showed ac-tive fibroblast and normal structure of capaciousgland.Group C (camelid fat cream applied topically eachday for the 3 months following exposure) showedclearly reduced necrosis and erosion of the epider-mis, covered by cellular depression and inflamma-tory cell infiltration in dermis and subcutaneous layer.There was normal fibrous connective tissue prolifer-ation, mononuclear cell infiltration between adiposetissue and muscular layer.Group D (control), the histological section of skin ofnormal animal, not exposed to UV radiation, showedtissue with normal hair follicles.

[0160] The results of these in vivo experiments indi-cated that camelid fat cream prevented UV damage tothe skin tissue in group B mice. The average skin pro-tection rate of mice treated in group B with camelid fatcream was indistinguishable from healthy, normal micein the control group D.[0161] The histopathological examinations and dailyobservations also supported this finding.[0162] The camelid cream had a noticeable healingeffect on the skin of group C mice. The cells and tissueappear to be rejuvenated as compared to those fromgroup A.[0163] Based on the present results; it appears thatcamelid fat has an ability to repair UV damage.

Conclusions -I

[0164] Camel fat derived from the hump was used to

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produce a camelid fat cream. Surprisingly, the camelidfat cream was shown to shield UV radiation and to revivecells by repairing damage from UV, thus exhibiting can-cer treatment properties.[0165] The camel’s hump fat cream appears to be high-ly effective in treating or preventing damage caused byUV and solar radiation including artificial sources of ra-diation, and provides protection from the effects ofUVA/UVB irradiation including environmental damage tothe skin or eyes; or allows longer UV radiation exposureby preventing damage; or prevents, treats, cures, or mit-igates melanoma, other skin cancers or degenerativechanges or damage to skin or eyes, non-melanoma skincancers, cancer of the lip, degenerative changes in thecells, fibrous tissue and blood vessels of the skin, ptery-gium, cataracts and immunosuppression.[0166] The camel’s hump fat cream appears to be high-ly effective in treating or preventing damage caused byburns.[0167] It appears that the major fatty acids present incamel hump fat, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid,myristic acid, omega 3, 6, 9 or Vitamin E, either in com-bination or individually, may have a significant effect onUV radiation, cancer cells, age spots and skin burns.

EXAMPLE II - Comparison of Treatment of Animals with Sheep, Cow and Camel Fat Creams

Preparation of cream from fat-tailed sheep

[0168] Fat-tailed sheep (3.5 Kg) from adult male Awas-si ram was obtained immediately after slaughtering. Thefat was immediately stored at -80°C. In the experiments,about 500 gram of fat was defrosted to room temperature.The defrosted fat was then placed in a lab beaker andheated to 60°C for 45 minutes. The crude melted fat wascleaned of impurities using a food strainer (25 cm wiremesh sieve). The clear liquid fat was then collected in aclean sterile container and stored in a fridge at 10°C tofor use. The cream from the fat-tailed sheep obtainedhas a whitish color with a soft creamy texture that absorbsless on the skin than that of camelid fat cream.

Preparation of cream cow fat

[0169] Fresh fat (4.5 Kg) from adult male Friesian- Hol-stein was obtained immediately after slaughtering wasimmediately stored at -80°C. The fat from the animal wasobtained from a position close to skin, on the animal’sback. In the experiments, about 500 gram of fat was de-frosted to room temperature. The defrosted fat was thenplaced in a lab beaker and heated to 60°C for 45 minutes.The crude melted fat was cleaned of impurities using afood strainer (25 cm wire mesh sieve). The clear liquidfat was then collected in a clean sterile container andstored in a fridge at 10°C to for use. The cream from thecow fat obtained has a yellowish creamy color with a softcreamy texture that absorbs much less on skin than that

of camelid fat cream.

Histopathological examination and Animal treat-ment.

[0170] The histopathological examination and animaltreatment for fat-tailed sheep and cows were similar tothat as in Example I.

Results - II

[0171] With camelid fat cream application prior to dailyexposure the protected skin of mice showed moderatemononuclear cell infiltration in the dermis layer and con-gestion of the blood vessel, with normal epidermal layerand a normal epidermal layer and limited mononuclearcell infiltration in the dermal layer. There were no clearlesions in the hair follicle.[0172] With sheep fat cream application prior to dailyexposure, the skin of mice in showed neutrophil infiltra-tion around hair follicles and necrosis of muscle fibers,neutrophil infiltration with odema and congestion of bloodvessels, hemorrhage and neutrophil infiltration withinmuscle fibers, neutrophil infiltration between hair folliclesand vacuolation in the hair follicles, neutrophils infiltrationin the dermis and in the dilated blood vessels, necrosis,neutrophil infiltration, erosions and sloughing of epider-mal layer, destruction in the walls of hair follicles, odemaand neutrophil infiltration.[0173] With cow fat cream application prior to daily ex-posure the skin of mice showed congested and dilatedblood vessels with neutrophils in their lumen, severe con-gestion of the blood vessels, with neutrophils in their lu-men in the subcutaneous tissue, in addition to neutrophilinfiltration, severe hypersensitivity of the hair follicles,marked neutrophil and mononuclear cell infiltration in thesubcutaneous, proteinous material and neutrophils infil-trations in the necrotic epidermal layer.[0174] Unprotected, daily exposure to UV light for 4hours over 3 month period showed neutrophil infiltrationwithin adipose tissue and inflammatory cells infiltrationaround sebaceous gland with calcification, congestion ofdilated blood vessels with neutrophils in their lumen andodema in the interstitial tissue, abscess formation in sub-cutaneous tissue, neutrophil infiltration and fibrin depo-sition around blood vessels, necrotic areas surroundedby inflammatory cells and fibroblasts.[0175] The histological section of skin of normal ani-mal, not exposed to UV radiation, showed tissue withnormal epidermal hair follicles and sebaceous gland withno lesion in adipose tissue and muscular layer of the skin.[0176] The camel’s hump fat cream was highly effec-tive in treating or preventing skin damage on mice fromUV radiation. In contrast, the sheep fat cream and cowfat cream did not protect mice’s skin from radiation andin some cases the application of cow fat cream resultedin a large tumour (8 mm in diameter).

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EXAMPLE III - Treatment of Age Spots in Animals and Humans

[0177] Age spots, also called liver spots, are flat brownpatches on the skin that have darkened in color ("pig-mented") after exposure to sunlight or ultraviolet light.They are commonly seen in people over the age of 40on areas of skin that are frequently exposed to sunlight,such as the hands, shoulders, forearms, face and fore-head. Age spots may look unattractive, but are painlessand harmless, although their dark color can delay thediagnosis of some skin cancers.

Methods - III

[0178] A female patient (41 years old) who had devel-oped age spots on her hands was treated topically onboth hands with about 1 gram of camelid fat cream tocreate a thin film of fat on the nude skin. The cream wasapplied at night and washed in the morning, repeateddaily for 3 months.[0179] After 3 month treatment the camelid fat creamhas cleared over 80% of the age spots.[0180] Further, a male patient (60 years old) who haddeveloped age spots on his hands was treated topicallyon the right hand with about 1 gram of camelid fat creamto create a thin film of fat on the nude skin. The creamwas applied day and night and washed in the morning,then applied repeatedly daily for 3 weeks. The left handwas not treated with the camelid cream as a control.[0181] Another male patient (55 years old) with frecklesor age spots covering both shoulders which appeared inhis mid forties following repeated exposure to the sun.The cream was applied daily for two weeks resulting ina dramatic lightening of the freckles.

Results - III

[0182] After 3 weeks of treatment with camelid cream,age spots shrunk with very pale brown colour.[0183] The skin of the second male patient after 3weeks of treatment with the camelid cream, resulted inshrinking of the age spot, with the colour being reducedto a very pale brown colour.[0184] From this result, camelid hump cream not onlyworks as an anti-radiation but also for age spots.

EXAMPLE IV - Treatment of Burns on Skin

[0185] In another example, the composition of thepresent disclosure is useful in the treatment of burns.[0186] In this example a male patient (17 years old)with first-degree burn from boiling water over his handsand both anterior thighs was treated topically withcamelid fat cream to create a thin film of fat on the nudeskin. The cream was applied at night and in the morningfor 2 weeks resulting in no infection, pain relief and re-growth of normal skin.

[0187] In another example, the camelid fat cream wasused on a human skin burned by fire. The skin on thesubject has healed within a few days.[0188] Accordingly, the compositions of the presentdisclosure may be used in a variety of treatments, includ-ing kind treatments of burn obtained by fire, hot water,electricity, radiations, sunburn, and the like.

EXAMPLE V - Treatment of Hairlessness

[0189] In the following example, the camelid fat creamwas used to stimulate hair-growth in albino lab mice thatshowed stunted physical and reduced hair growth.[0190] Before administering the topical treatment ofcamelid cream, the ten albino mice used as subjects inthis example were characteristically normal at birth, butlacked hair growth and showed stunted physical devel-opment and unhealthy skin.

Methods - V

[0191] Ten albino lab mice that were characteristicallynormal size at birth were housed in a test facility understandard conditions: 22 6 2°C, 50 6 10% relative hu-midity. Mice were fed a standard diet and water.[0192] All ten mice became stunted in growth shortlyafter birth and were approximately one-third normal sizeat 4 weeks of age.[0193] At 4 weeks, although considered juvenile, themice typically weighed only about 15 g. The length of thebody from snout to the end of hip was about 6 cm, andthe length of the tail from the end of the hip to full extentof the tail was about 6 cm.[0194] Each mouse exhibited alopecia or hair loss, redskin, and appeared stressed. The mice were weak, un-able to stand or move and exhibiting reduced immunefunction, though losses of appetite or diarrhoea were notfound. Other signs of illness such as weight and fur losswere apparent.[0195] At 4 weeks, the mice were divided into twogroups, five mice in each group. One group received adaily topical treatment of camelid cream (as prepared inExample I, specifically the application of 1 gram ofcamelid fat cream to create a thin film of fat on 1 cm ofnude skin with all body parts covered, 5 days a week for4 weeks. The second group was left without treatmentas a control. Both groups of mice were maintained in aconventional environment and fed the same unrestrictedlab chow and tap water while housed in a test facilityunder standard conditions.

Results & Discussion - V

[0196] The mice that received the camelid cream oncedaily, five days per week for 4 weeks grew hair and gainedweight from 15 g to 25 g, a 60% increase in weight andadded 4 cm length to body from snout to the end of thetail within only 4 weeks. In comparison, the untreated

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mice that survived remained at a weight of about 15 gand overall size one third less than the accepted rangewithin the subject community.[0197] The treated mice all demonstrated hair growth.While not wishing to be bound by theory, it is postulatedone or more compounds within the camelid cream induc-es hair growth by blocking (CRF) a stress-related hor-mone associated with hair loss.[0198] In these mice, the hair follicles are dormant. Thecamelid compound appears to activate the follicles in tan-dem with improvements to health. The treatment not onlyreversed hair loss, it also prevented it when started priorto symptoms occurring. It has also restored normal pig-mentation in the skin. Further, the treatment restores theoriginal white colour of mice.[0199] One mouse of the two surviving mice in thegroup that did not originally receive the treatment withcamelid cream, received a daily topical treatment ofcamelid cream with all body parts covered following theinitial experiment, for 5 days a week for the ensuing 3weeks. After the first week of treatment, the mouse re-sponded positively with hair starting to grow after only 3days. Health and hair growth continued to improve eachweek. After 3 weeks, the mouse weighed 20 gm withnormal length of body from snout to the end of hip (7 cm)and the length of the tail is 7 cm (normal adult weight andsize) with thick complete fur cover.[0200] In the experiments it was noted that the camelidcream is absorbed by the skin within 10 min of the topicaltreatment. Also, the treated mice in the experiments werelicking the camelid cream from the body of other mice inthe cage or from their own bodies. The internal ingestionof the camelid cream by the mice could indicate the pos-sible benefits of camelid cream as a functional food.[0201] After the first week, in the group treated as de-scribed with the camelid cream, 4 out of 5 mice respond-ed positively with hair starting to grow. Health and hairgrowth continued to improve each week. After 4 weeks,the mice each weighed 25 gm with normal length of bodyfrom snout to the end of hip is 8 cm and the length of thetail is 8 cm (normal adult weight and size) with thick com-plete fur cover. The remaining mouse in this group re-sponded to the treatment slowly but surely. In compari-son, of the group that did not receive the treatment withcamelid cream, 3 out of 5 mice were dead by age of 5and 6 weeks. The remaining 2 mice remained severelygrowth retarded at approximately two-thirds normal sizeand by 8 weeks of age, with weight unchanged at 15 gm,were still demonstrating severe hair loss and stuntedgrowth.

EXAMPLE VI - Treatment of Different Types of Ecze-ma

[0202] In another example, the composition of thepresent disclosure is useful in the treatment of differenttypes of eczema.

Methods - VI

[0203] In this example a child patient (9 years old) withatopic dermatitis on the back of the knees, a second childpatient (12 years old) with acute dermatitis flexural ec-zema on inner arm and a male patient (27 years old) withacute dermatitis condition (chronic eczema) on thighwere treated topically with camelid fat cream to create athin film of fat on the skin.

Results - VI

[0204] The child patient (9 years old) with atopic der-matitis on the back of the knees was treated twice dailyfor 2 weeks, then tapered to once daily, and then main-tained at one application on alternative days. The creamwas applied at night and in the morning for 2 weeks re-sulting in no infection, pain relief and re-growth of normalskin. Then the treatment tapered to once daily for 1 weekthen maintained at once on alternative days for 1 week.[0205] The child patient (12 years old) with acute der-matitis flexural eczema on the inner arm was treatedtwice daily for 2 weeks, and then tapered to once dailyand finally maintained at once on alternative days, re-sulting in a reduction of the inflammation associated witheczema.[0206] The male patient (27 years old) with acute der-matitis condition (chronic eczema) on thigh was treatedtwice daily for 2 weeks, and then tapered to once dailyand maintained at once on alternative days and the in-flammation associated with the eczema was reduced.[0207] While not wishing to be bound by theory, theexample suggests the camelid fat cream may be usefulin treatment of acute dermatitis in humans.

EXAMPLE VII - Treatment of Seborrhoeic Dermatitis

[0208] In this example a male patient (19 years old)with seborrhoeic dermatitis on the back was treated top-ically with camelid fat cream to create a thin film of fat onthe skin.

Method - VII

[0209] The cream was applied at night and in the morn-ing for 2 weeks resulting in no infection, pain relief andre-growth of normal skin. Then the treatment tapered toonce daily for 1 week then maintained to once on alter-native days for 1 week.[0210] While not wishing to be bound by theory, theexample suggests the camelid fat cream may be usefulin treatment of seborrhoiec dermatitis in humans.

Discussions VI & VII

[0211] Accordingly, the compositions of the presentdisclosure may be used in a variety of treatments, includ-ing treatments of all types of eczema.

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EXAMPLE VIII - Treatment of Leathery and Dry Skin on Elbows

[0212] In another example, the composition of thepresent disclosure is useful in the treatment of leatheryand dry skin on elbows.

Methods - VIII

[0213] In this example a man (60 years old) with leath-ery and dry skin on elbows. The nude right elbow wastreated topically with camelid fat cream to create a thinfilm of fat and the left elbow was not treated as a control.The cream was applied at night and in the morning.

Results - VIII

[0214] After only 2 days the treatment resulted with are-growth of normal skin on the right elbow in comparisonto the untreated left elbow. The procedure was repeatedon a second male subject with more extensive leatheryskin patches on both elbows where the patches becamesoft and pliable after the first application with a lighteningof the colour following each further treatment.

EXAMPLE IX - Treatment of Lessened Blood Flow in Tissues

[0215] From the above-noted Example III for "Treat-ment of Age Spots", we noticed that the camelid creamappears to increase blood flow particularly in the largeveins to the application site within 30 seconds of appli-cation and lasting more than 6 hours.

Method - IX

[0216] The camelid cream was applied topically to hu-man skin, including the area around the male genitalia.

Results - IX

[0217] Bulging veins at the application site are visibleimmediately after application and lasting for severalhours.

EXAMPLE X - Treatment of Loosened Skin and Wrin-kles

[0218] A wrinkle, also known as a rhytide, is a fold,ridge or crease in the skin. Skin wrinkles typically appearas a result of aging processes such as glycation, habitualsleeping positions, loss of body mass, or temporarily, asthe result of prolonged immersion in water. Age wrinklingin the skin is promoted by habitual facial expressions,aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, excess al-cohol consumption and various other factors.

Method - X

[0219] Camelid cream was applied for the purposes ofskin tightening and to prevent wrinkling.[0220] In the right hand which was treated with thecamelid cream twice daily for 3 weeks, the wrinkles werereduced, the skin was lighter, dry skin was moisturizedand healthy-looking. The improved skin texture remainedeven on days where there was no application of creamand reduction of rough, dry skin had a lasting result onareas treated.

Results - X

[0221] After 3 weeks of treatment by the topical appli-cation, the camelid cream appears to reverse skin aging,where wrinkles are reduced; skin is lightened and dryskin is moisturized, leaving skin naturally healthy-look-ing.

EXAMPLE XI - Treatment of Athlete’s Foot

[0222] Athlete’s foot, also known as "ringworm of thefoot" and tinea pedis is a fungal infection of the skin thatcauses scaling, flaking, and itching in affected areas. Al-though the condition typically affects the feet, it canspread to other areas of the body, including the groin.About 70% of the population in the world is believed toexperience a cutaneous mycotic infection at some pointin their lives. Athlete’s foot, the most prevalent mycoticinfection worldwide, is caused by a Dermatophytes moldthe Trichophyton sp.

Method - XI

[0223] A male patient (44 years old) who had devel-oped Athlete’s foot or tinea pedis on both feet was treatedtopically with about 1 gram of camelid fat cream on eachfoot to create a thick film of fat on the nude skin. Thecream was applied day and night and washed in themorning, then repeated daily for 4 weeks.

Results - XI

[0224] Following the first application, the itching in af-fected areas stopped and after 2 weeks the bleeding,scaling, flaking of skin no longer occurred. After 4 weeksthe infection was reduced, along with pain relief and slowre-growth of normal skin. Then the treatment tapered toonce daily at night.

EXAMPLE XIII - Treatment of Itchiness from Mosquito Bites and Pain from Bee Stings

Results XIII

[0225] Following the topical application of the camelidcream, a reduction in the itch from mosquito bites and

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the pain from bee stings was observed 15 minutes afterthe treatment had been administered.

Conclusions

[0226] The results herein suggest that when humanskin is treated with camelid fat cream, the blood flow im-proves within 30 seconds and the increased flow lastsmore than 6 hours. The increased blood flow enrichesthe tissues with all important growth factors for cells andtissues, qualities tied to skin aging, reducing wrinkles,lighter skin pigmentation, relieving dry skin and leavingthe treatment site naturally healthy-looking.[0227] The camelid hump fat may be used as a noveldrug delivery mechanism to tissues since after a drugenters the systemic circulation, it is distributed to thebody’s tissues. Distribution is generally uneven becauseof differences in blood perfusion, tissue binding (eg. be-cause of lipid content), regional pH, and permeability ofcell membranes.[0228] The entry rate of a drug into a tissue dependson the rate of blood flow to the tissue, tissue mass andpartition characteristics between blood and tissue. Dis-tribution equilibrium (when entry and exit rates are thesame) between blood and tissue is reached more rapidlyin richly vascularized areas, unless diffusion across cellmembranes is the rate-limiting step. After equilibrium,drug concentrations in tissues and in extracellular fluidsare reflected by the plasma concentration. Metabolismand excretion occur simultaneously with distribution,making the process dynamic and complex.[0229] For interstitial fluids of most tissues, drug distri-bution rate is determined primarily by perfusion. For poor-ly perfused tissues (eg, muscle, fat), distribution is veryslow, especially if the tissue has a high affinity for thedrug. The camelid cream can be used as an alternativeto steroids for increasing oxygen levels and blood flowin tissues.[0230] Moreover, the camelid cream may also help totreat skin conditions associated with obesity which is im-plicated in a wide spectrum of dermatologic diseases,including acanthosis nigricans, acrochordons, keratosispilaris, hyperandrogenism and hirsutism, striae disten-sae, adiposis dolorosa, and fat redistribution, lymphede-ma, chronic venous insufficiency, plantar hyperkeratosis,cellulitis, skin infections, hidradenitis suppurativa, pso-riasis, insulin resistance syndrome, and tophaceousgout.[0231] Topical application of the camelid cream hasalso been found to relieve the itchiness of mosquito bitesand the pain from bee stings 15 minutes after the treat-ment has been administered.[0232] All publications, patents and patent applicationsmentioned in this Specification are indicative of the levelof skill those skilled in the art to which this invention per-tains.

References

[0233]

Chatelain E and Gabard B (2001) Photostabilizationof Butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (Avobenzone)and Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate by Bis-ethylhex-yloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine (Tinosorb S), anew UV broadband filter. Photochem Photobiol 74(3):401-6.Ching K (2008) Enzymatic production of feruloylatedacylglycerols from olive fatty acid distillates as sun-screen agents. Masters thesis, Universiti Putra Ma-laysia.Clancy S (2008) DNA damage & repair: mechanismsfor maintaining DNA integrity. Nature Education 1(1).Gunstone FD and Russell WC (1954) Animal fats:4. The component acids of crocodile fat. Biochem J.57(3): 462-465.Haasmann SO (1998). Analytical characterization ofcamel meat and milk fat. A thesis submitted for thedegree of Doctor of Philosophy. Department ofChemistry, BruneI University.Stephens TJ, Herndon JH, Colón LE and GottschalkRW (2011) The impact of natural sunlight exposureon the UVB-sun protection factor (UVB-SPF) andUVA protection factor (UVA-PF) of a UVA/UVB SPF50 sunscreen. J Drugs Dermatol 10(2):150-155.Tortora GJ and Derrickson B (2012) The cardiovas-cular system: The Blood. In: Principles of Anatomyand Physiology, 13th. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.729-732.

Claims

1. A non-therapeutic use of a composition comprisingfat derived from the hump of a camel for the treatmentof a subject having, suspected of having, or at riskof developing a condition associated with exposureto UV radiation,wherein the condition associated with exposure toUV radiation is any one of the following: aging, dis-colorations, age spots, moles and freckles, wrinkles,skin redness, and peeling and itching.

2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the fat derivedfrom the hump of the camel comprises at least oneof palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, myristic acid,omega 3, 6, 9 or Vitamin E.

3. The use according to claim 1, wherein the fat derivedfrom the hump of a camel is prepared by: (i) heatinga portion of fat from a camel hump; and (ii) removingimpurities from said heated camel fat.

4. The use according to claim 3, wherein the portion ofcamel fat is heated (a) at 60° for 45 minutes; or (b)

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at 100° for 20 minutes.

5. A composition comprising fat derived from the humpof a camel for use in treating or preventing

(a) a condition associated with exposure to UVradiation; or(b) alopecia, eczema, acne, atopic dermatitis,seborrhoeic dermatitis, or skin burns.

6. The composition for use according to claim 5, where-in the condition associated with exposure to UV ra-diation is any one of the following: photoageing, sun-burn, UV-induced edema, erythema, actinic kerato-sis, rosacea, lupus erythematosus, immune sup-pression, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell car-cinoma, melanoma, and cutaneous T cell lympho-ma.

7. The composition for use according to claim 5 or 6,wherein the composition is to be administered topi-cally.

8. The composition for use according to any one ofclaims 5-7, wherein the fat derived from a camel com-prises at least one of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleicacid, myristic acid, omega 3, 6, 9 or Vitamin E.

9. The composition for use according to any one ofclaims 5-7, wherein the fat derived from the hump ofa camel is prepared by (i) heating a portion of fatfrom a camel hump and (ii) removing impurities fromsaid heated camel fat.

10. The composition for use according to claim 9, where-in the portion of fat from a camel hump is heated (a)at 60° for 45 minutes, or (b) at 100° for 20 minutes.

Patentansprüche

1. Eine nichttherapeutische Verwendung der Zusam-mensetzung, die Fett aus dem Kamelhöcker zur Be-handlung eines Probanden umfasst, der eine Er-krankung hat, solch eine Erkrankung bei ihm vermu-tet wird oder das Risiko zur Entwicklung einer Er-krankung hat, die mit der Aussetzung an UV-Strah-lung verbunden ist,wobei die mit UV-Strahlung verbundene Erkrankungeine der folgenden ist: Alterung, Verfärbungen, Al-tersflecken, Muttermale und Sommersprossen, Fal-ten, Hautrötung und Peeling und Juckreiz.

2. Die Verwendung nach Anspruch 1, wobei das ausdem Kamelhöcker gewonnene Fett mindestens ei-nes von Palmitinsäure, Stearinsäure, Ölsäure, My-ristinsäure, Omega 3, 6, 9 oder Vitamin E umfasst.

3. Die Verwendung nach Anspruch 1, wobei das ausdem Kamelhöcker gewonnene Fett durch: (i) Erhit-zen einer Portion Fett aus dem Kamelhöcker; und(ii) Entfernung von Verunreinigungen aus dem ge-nannten, erhitzten Kamelfett, aufbereitet wird.

4. Die Verwendung nach Anspruch 3, wobei die Ka-melfettportion (a) bei 60° für 45 Minuten erhitzt wird;oder (b) bei 100° für 20 Minuten erhitzt wird.

5. Eine Zusammensetzung, die das Kamelhöckerfettenthält, zur Verwendung bei der Behandlung oderVorbeugung

a) einer mit Aussetzung an UV-Strahlung ver-bundenen Erkrankung; oder(b) Alopezie, Ekzeme, Akne, atopische Derma-titis, seborrhoische Dermatitis oder Hautver-brennungen.

6. Zusammensetzung zur Verwendung nach Anspruch5, wobei die mit der Aussetzung an UV-Strahlungverbundene Erkrankung eine der folgenden ist: licht-bedingte Hautalterung, Sonnenbrand, UV-induzier-tes Ödem, Erythem, aktinische Keratose, Rosazea,Lupus erythematodes, Immunsuppression, Platte-nepithelkarzinom, Basalzellkarzinom, Melanom undkutanes T-Zell-Lymphom.

7. Die Zusammensetzung zur Verwendung nach An-spruch 5 oder 6, wobei die Zusammensetzung lokalzu verabreichen ist.

8. Die Zusammensetzung zur Verwendung nach ei-nem der Ansprüche 5-7, wobei das aus dem Kamel-höcker gewonnene Fett mindestens eines von Pal-mitinsäure, Stearinsäure, Ölsäure, Myristinsäure,Omega 3, 6, 9 oder Vitamin E umfasst.

9. Die Zusammensetzung zur Verwendung nach ei-nem der Ansprüche 5-7, wobei das aus dem Kamel-höcker gewonnene Fett durch: (i) Erhitzen einer Por-tion Kamelhöckerfett; und (ii) Entfernung von Verun-reinigungen aus dem erhitzten genannten Kamelfett,aufbereitet wird.

10. Die Zusammensetzung zur Verwendung nach An-spruch 9, wobei die Kamelfettportion (a) bei 60° für45 Minuten erhitzt wird; oder (b) bei 100° für 20 Mi-nuten erhitzt wird.

Revendications

1. Une utilisation non thérapeutique de la compositioncomprenant la graisse issue de la bosse d’un cha-meau pour prendre en charge un sujet ayant, sus-pecté d’avoir, ou à risque de développer une affec-

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tion associée à l’exposition aux rayons UV.Dans laquelle l’affection associée à l’exposition auxrayons UV est l’une des suivantes : vieillissement,décolorations, taches de vieillesses, grains de beau-té et taches de rousseur, rides, rougeur de la peauet exfoliation et démangeaison.

2. L’utilisation conformément à la revendication 1, danslaquelle la graisse issue de la bosse d’un chameaucomprend au moins l’un de l’acide palmitique, l’acidestéarique, l’acide oléique, l’acide myristique, oméga3,6, 9 ou la vitamine E.

3. L’utilisation conformément à la revendication 1, danslaquelle la graisse issue de la bosse d’un chameauest préparée moyennant : (i) l’échauffement d’uneportion de graisse de la bosse du chameau ; et (ii)l’éloignement des impuretés de la graisse nomméechauffée du chameau.

4. L’utilisation conformément à la revendication 3, danslaquelle la portion de la graisse du chameau estchauffée (a) à 60° pour 45 minutes ; ou (b) à 100°pour 20 minutes.

5. Une composition comprenant la graisse issue de labosse d’un chameau afin d’être utilisée au traitementou à la prévention

(a) d’une affection associée à l’exposition aurayonnement à UV ; ou(b) l’alopécie, l’eczéma, l’acné, la dermatite ato-pique, la dermatite séborrhéique, ou les brûluresde la peau.

6. La composition afin d’être utilisée conformément àla revendication 5, dans laquelle l’affection associéeà l’exposition au rayons UV est l’une des suivantes :photo-vieillissement, brûlure solaire, œdème induitd’UV, érythème, kératose actinique, rosacée, lupusérythémateux, suppression du système immunitai-re, carcinome aux cellules squameuses, carcinomebasocellulaire, mélanome et lymphome cutané à cel-lules T.

7. La composition afin d’être utilisée conformément auxrevendications 5 et 6, dans lesquelles la compositiondoit être localement administrée.

8. La composition afin d’être utilisée conformément àl’une quelconque des revendications 5-7, dans les-quelles la graisse issue d’un chameau comprend aumoins l’un des suivants : acide palmitique, acidestéarique, acide oléique, acide myristique, oméga3,6, 9 ou la vitamine E.

9. La composition afin d’être utilisée conformément àl’une quelconque des revendications 5-7, dans les

lesquelles la graisse issue d’un chameau est prépa-rée moyennant : (i) l’échauffement d’une portion degraisse de la bosse du chameau ; et (ii) l’éloignementdes impuretés de la graisse nommée chauffée duchameau.

10. La composition afin d’être utilisée conformément àla revendication 9, dans laquelle la portion de graissed’une bosse d’un chameau est chauffée (a) à 60°pour 45 minutes ; ou (b) à 100° pour 20 minutes.

35 36

EP 2 964 236 B1

21

REFERENCES CITED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of references cited by the applicant is for the reader’s convenience only. It does not form part of the Europeanpatent document. Even though great care has been taken in compiling the references, errors or omissions cannot beexcluded and the EPO disclaims all liability in this regard.

Non-patent literature cited in the description

• VOLPATO et al. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethno-medicine, 2012, vol. 8, 49 [0039]

• SARAH MACDONALD. Sunshine Coast Daily. Cam-els surprise beauty package, 11 July 2012 [0039]

• CHATELAIN E ; GABARD B. Photostabilization ofButyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (Avobenzone) andEthylhexyl methoxycinnamate by Bis-ethylhexyloxy-phenol methoxyphenyl triazine (Tinosorb S), a newUV broadband filter. Photochem Photobiol, 2001, vol.74 (3), 401-6 [0233]

• Enzymatic production of feruloylated acylglycerolsfrom olive fatty acid distillates as sunscreen agents.CHING K. Masters thesis. Universiti Putra Malaysia,2008 [0233]

• CLANCY S. DNA damage & repair: mechanisms formaintaining DNA integrity. Nature Education, 2008,vol. 1 (1 [0233]

• GUNSTONE FD ; RUSSELL WC. Animal fats: 4. Thecomponent acids of crocodile fat. Biochem J., 1954,vol. 57 (3), 462-465 [0233]

• Analytical characterization of camel meat and milkfat. A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor ofPhilosophy. HAASMANN SO. Department of Chem-istry. BruneI University, 1998 [0233]

• STEPHENS TJ ; HERNDON JH ; COLÓN LE ;GOTTSCHALK RW. The impact of natural sunlightexposure on the UVB-sun protection factor(UVB-SPF) and UVA protection factor (UVA-PF) ofa UVA/UVB SPF 50 sunscreen. J Drugs Dermatol,2011, vol. 10 (2), 150-155 [0233]

• The cardiovascular system: The Blood. TORTORAGJ ; DERRICKSON B. Principles of Anatomy andPhysiology, 13th. John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 2012,729-732 [0233]