Community analysis (1)

Community Analysis, Dana Sizemore, 1

The following paper will discuss the city of Princeton, WestVirginia and the resources therein. First, it will discuss the state of WV and the demographics of the state. Next, it will specifically discuss the city of Princeton, WV to show how Princeton fits within the surrounding area. It will define these demographics as socially indicative categories: population, race,birth, child abuse, domestic abuse, education, jobs and income, businesses and owners, crime rates, death rates, and other markers.

This will then lead to the next section of the paper. The second section of the paper discusses a case and places the case in Washington, DC. First, the case will be briefed. Next, the case will be discussed as if it took place in Princeton, West Virginia. Then, the resources and what a social worker would be able to do will be discussed.

Demographics of West VirginiaThe state of West Virginia has five neighboring states. It

is located between Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, and Ohio. The state is the only state in the United States that is entirely covered in the Appalachian Mountains. West Virginia is a state well known for poverty. The following will discuss telling data of West Virginia in the following categories: population, race, birth rate, marriage and divorce rates, crime rates, religious aspects, businesses and owners, death rates, andoutlying data. According to the Washington Post, “Nearly 27 percent of West Virginia’s personal income derives from transfer payments, including retirement, disability, medical, unemployment and welfare benefits, according to statistics compiled by Timothy Parker of the U.S. Agriculture Department’s Economic Research Service.” (Tumulty, 2013).

PopulationAccording to the United States Census Bureau (2012), West

Virginia has 1,855, 413 residents. This number is a slight increase of 2,414 people from the 2010 census. For the United States, this population is low. There are 913,586 males and 939,408 females. There highest number of people are ages 50 to 54 (143,232) and the next highest population is ages 66 to 59


(139,368). There are fairly even numbers of these groups (US Census, 2010).

Race The majority of residents in West Virginia are white. On

average, WV has approximately 16.1% more white people than the national average, and overall is 94% white. The majority of people in West Virginia are female and between the ages of 18 and65. The African American population of West Virginia is 3.5% (USCensus, 2010), which is 10.4% below the national average. The population for American Indian is 0.2%, and the Asian population is 0.7% (US Census, 2010). The Hispanic population is 15.6% lower than national average, and is only 1.3%. According to the census, the interracial population is only 1.3% which is astounding when considering that the nation is 16.9% interracial (US Census, 2010), but not as astounding if one considers that the population of West Virginia is primarily white and there are less opportunities for interracial relationships.

Recent trends in the United States indicate a higher rate ofthe Hispanic population giving live birth and increasing the population overall. In recent years, the black, non-Hispanic population has also grown (US Census, 2010). In West Virginia, however, these two populations are not growing at the same rate. This is likely due to the abnormally high number of non-Hispanic white people, and the lack of Hispanic populations and African American populations.

HouseholdsThe following data comes from the US Census Bureau (2012),

and gives household information for the state of West Virginia.


Birth RatesIn the United States all people born are required to have a

birth certificate. The following data will compare West Virginiawith other states in regards to birth. The rate of children bornto single mothers in West Virginia is 44.8% in 2012 which is a slight increase from 43.9% in 2011 (Center for Disease Control, 2013). Utah has the lowest rate at 18.7% for both years. Mississippi has the highest rate at 54.7% in 2012, which is a slight increase from 54.4% in 2011. Overall, the United States have 40.7% of children born to single mothers in 2012, and 40.7% in 2011 (no growth or decline) (US Census, 2012). West Virginia is slightly higher in both years, but is closer to the national average than Mississippi.

0100,000200,000300,000400,000

West Virginia

West Virginia


National

Vermont

West Virginia

Mississippi

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2011 (percent)2012 (percent)

2011 (percent)2012 (percent)

Data obtained from the Center for Disease Control (2013).

Preterm labor is when a child is born before the full pregnancy is complete. This is indicative of difficult pregnancies, possible early mortality rates for infant, higher risk of SIDS, higher risk of learning disabilities, and other difficulties. In 2012, West Virginia had a preterm birth rate of12.4% which is slightly higher than the national average of 11.5%. Late preterm births (meaning closer to due date) is 8.7% of the overall births in West Virginia, which is slightly higher than the national average of 8.1%. Mississippi has the highest rate of preterm labor with 17.1%. Of those preterm births, 11.9%were born later in the pregnancy. Vermont has the lowest levels of preterm labor with a level of 8.7%, and of those 6.2% are lateterm labors (Center for Disease Control, 2013).

When compared with 2012, West Virginia has improved both of these statistics since 2011, but only marginally. In 2011, the rate of preterm births was 12.8% which is 0.4% higher than in 2012 (Center for Disease Control, 2013). This would suggest progress in ensuring healthy pregnancies and births.

Birth weight is an indication of how well the child developed in the womb. Women who give birth to infants with lower birth weight may have had difficult pregnancies, drug usage, etc. and the child born may have a harder time surviving


the first year. The CDC (2013) defines low birthrate as less than 2,500 grams. The national average is 8.1% low birth weight in 2011 and 8.0% in 2012. West Virginia was higher than the national average at 9.6% in 2011 and 9.2% in 2012, but there was a decrease in the number of children born with low birth weight. Mississippi had the highest incident of low birth weight in both years. Mississippi’s rate was 11.8% in 2011 and 11.6% in 2012. The lowest rate belonged to Alaska both years. In 2011, their rate was 6.0% in 2011 and 5.6% in 2012.

According to the US department of Health and Human Resources- Office of Adolescent Health, the following data shows the averages of all children born to women age 15-19. West Virginia does not have the highest rate, but does have higher rates of teen births.

Figure 2: Teenage birth rates for 15 – 19 year olds by state, 2011


Source: Martin, J. A., Hamilton, B. E., Ventura, S. J., & Osterman, M. J. K. (2013). Births: Final data for 2011. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.

The majority of mothers giving birth in WV are 20-24 (6,268), and then 25-29 (5,818) (WVDHR). All races & Origins

Non- Hispanic, white

Non- Hispanic, black

American Indian or Alaska Native

Asian or Pacific Islander

Hispanic

23.9 23.8 22.2 * 29.1 24.0(Control, 2013).

Child AbuseThe state of West Virginia has 384,794 children (US

Department of Health and Human Services, 2012) under the age ofeighteen among its residents. The Department of Health and HumanResources in the state of West Virginia screens incoming caseswhere child abuse or neglect has been reported. The US Census(2012) supplies the data found on appendix A for child abuse andneglect in West Virginia. This data would indicate that thereare 2,688 cases of child abuse each year. The data wouldindicate that victims are most often female and most oftenchildren between the ages of 0 and 6 years old. The number ofalleged offenders is 2,045 suggesting at least some of theoffenses occurring involve one offender with multiple victims.The data does not indicate repeat offenses of the same person andit does not indicate how many offenders per child. The datawould indicate that parents are the most frequent offenders andthat most of the offenders are over the age of 18. The majorityof reported cases are sexual abuse. Sexual abuse was reported in2012 in 2,120 cases. The total of all reported abuse is 3,284which is 596 more reports than the total number of childrenserved. This might indicate that there are more reports thanchildren served or it could also indicate that one child issuffering many forms of abuse. The data is unclear as to whichis the case.

Domestic Violence


Domestic Violence is a marker of the well-being of a state.On average, the NCADV (National Coalition Against DomesticViolence) (2008) states that there were “12,083 reported cases ofdomestic violence in 2005.” In West Virginia, the overall crimerate is effected by domestic violence, because “18% of crimevictims were victims of domestic violence in West Virginia in2005 (NCADV, 2008). Spouses are not the only ones who areabusing their partners. Statistically common law or legallymarried spouses account for 30% of the rate, while datingrelationships account for another 31% in 2005 (NCADV, 2008).Domestic Violence also cost the state 34 lives in 2005 (NCADV,2008).

A study completed by the DVFRT or Domestic Violence FatalityReview Team from 2003 to 2005 reviewed the circumstances of deathby domestic violence. This team reviewed 26 homicides and 13suicides that were due to domestic violence. Domestic violencereports indicate that during these domestic violence assaultsminor children were present 39% of the time. In 5 of the 28cases reviewed in this study a minor witnessed the homicide.Homicides victims were female in 65.4% of the cases, and 92% ofthe suicides were committed by males (WVDHHR, 2006).“Perpetrators of domestic violence homicides were overwhelminglylikely to be male: 23 were male and 3 were female perpetratorshad a prior history of domestic violence, while all 3 of theirmale victims did. A current or previous domestic violenceprotective order (DVP) had been filed in 7 (26.9%) of the 26homicides. All of the DVPs were filed against male perpetratorsor victims. Thirteen (46.4%) of the 28 incidents reviewedinvolved substance abuse (WVDHHR, 2006).”

Education The national average of people receiving high school

graduates, or equivalent, is 85.4% and West Virginia is only slightly below this percentage with 82.6%. Higher education is below the national average with a 17.6 % earning a bachelor’s degree when the national average is -28.2% (US Census, 2010). There is a bigger percentage gap between national and state averages of people who graduate from high school and those who graduate college.

Jobs and Income


West Virginian’s travel 25.5 minutes to work daily. Most of the residents in WV live in a home that they own rather than amulti-unit residence. This is likely attributed to the large rural areas. Although there are 38, 150 private nonfarm establishments, West Virginians have high levels of poverty. They earn $13,212 less than the national average according to theUS Census. This is a 2.2% increase in poverty when compared to the national levels. West Virginians also earn $5, 905 less annually per capita.

Businesses and Owners

West Virginia

Total Male FemaleMedian earnings (dollars)

Median earnings (dollars) for male

Estimate

Estimate

Estimate Estimate Estimate

Civilian employed population 16 years and over

752,314 52.2% 47.8% 30,155

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining:

40,405 93.5% 6.5% 61,284

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction 34,980 94.1% 5.9% 65,469

Construction 45,117 92.2% 7.8% 35,083

Manufacturing 61,849 79.2% 20.8% 40,754

Wholesale trade 16,056 80.4% 19.6% 37,244

Retail trade 99,869 48.1% 51.9% 19,370

Transportation and warehousing, and utilities:

37,405 81.2% 18.8% 47,331

Transportation and warehousing 26,045 80.4% 19.6% 43,173

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West Virginia



Estimate

Estimate


Utilities 11,360 83.3% 16.7% 57,192

Information 13,436 51.2% 48.8% 30,971

Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing:

31,977 37.2% 62.8% 32,987

Finance and insurance 21,149 28.3% 71.7% 32,789

Real estate and rental and leasing 10,828 54.7% 45.3% 33,929

Professional, scientific, and management, and administrative and waste management services:

59,047 54.5% 45.5% 31,531

Professional, scientific, and technical services 33,647 50.5% 49.5% 40,947

Management of companies and enterprises 390 10.5% 89.5% 21,567

Administrative and support and waste management services 25,010 60.5% 39.5% 20,590

Educational services, and health care and social assistance:

195,912 24.4% 75.6% 29,808

Educational services 71,750 33.9% 66.1% 33,506

Health care and social assistance 124,162 18.9% 81.1% 27,011

Arts, entertainment, and recreation,and accommodation and food services:

69,215 46.0% 54.0% 11,798

Arts, entertainment, and recreation 14,205 60.1% 39.9% 17,104

Accommodation and food services 55,010 42.4% 57.6% 11,016

















West Virginia



Estimate

Estimate


Other services, except public administration 32,855 54.6% 45.4% 21,446

Public administration 49,171 50.1% 49.9% 40,404

PERCENT IMPUTED

Industry 4.5% (X)

Subject

West Virginia

Total

Male Female

Median earnings (dollars)


Median earnings (dollars) for female

Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate Estimate

Civilian employed population 16 years and over 752,314 52.2% 47.8% 30,155 36,673 23,438

Agriculture, forestry,fishing and hunting, and mining:

40,405 93.5% 6.5% 61,284 62,078 31,859

Mining, quarrying, andoil and gas extraction 34,980 94.1% 5.9% 65,469 67,359 41,020

Construction 45,117 92.2% 7.8% 35,083 35,834 27,125

Manufacturing 61,849 79.2% 20.8% 40,754 42,276 28,502

Wholesale trade 16,056 80.4% 19.6% 37,244 37,400 36,518

Retail trade 99,869 48.1% 51.9% 19,370 22,796 15,959

Transportation and warehousing, and utilities: 37,405 81.2% 18.8% 47,331 50,963 31,574

Transportation and 26,045 80.4% 19.6% 43,173 47,832 26,600






Subject

West Virginia

Total

Male Female





warehousing

Utilities 11,360 83.3% 16.7% 57,192 61,372 44,821

Information 13,436 51.2% 48.8% 30,971 37,968 25,842

Finance and insurance,and real estate and rental and leasing:

31,977 37.2% 62.8% 32,987 41,504 28,528

Finance and Insurance 21,149 28.3% 71.7% 32,789 50,286 27,491

Real estate and rentaland leasing 10,828 54.7% 45.3% 33,929 32,525 35,692

Professional, scientific, and management, and administrative and waste management services:

59,047 54.5% 45.5% 31,531 35,629 27,850

Professional, scientific, and technical services

33,647 50.5% 49.5% 40,947 53,938 34,171

Management of companies and enterprises 390 10.5% 89.5% 21,567 - 21,331

Administrative and support and waste management services

25,010 60.5% 39.5% 20,590 21,260 20,033

Educational services, and health care and social assistance:

195,912 24.4% 75.6% 29,808 36,694 27,049

Educational services 71,750 33.9% 66.1% 33,506 35,594 32,186

Health care and socialassistance 124,162 18.9% 81.1% 27,011 40,108 25,671

Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation and food services:

69,215 46.0% 54.0% 11,798 14,856 10,261

Arts, entertainment, and recreation 14,205 60.1% 39.9% 17,104 22,784 15,332

Accommodation and foodservices 55,010 42.4% 57.6% 11,016 12,812 9,815


Subject

West Virginia

Total

Male Female





Other services, exceptpublic administration 32,855 54.6% 45.4% 21,446 30,186 12,929

Public administration 49,171 50.1% 49.9% 40,404 45,261 36,350

Crime RatesThe FBI Uniform crime reports table 4 shows the overall

crime rate in the state of WV in 2012.

Violent Crime

Murder & nonnegligent manslaughter

Forcible Rape

Robbery

Aggravated Assault

0

2000

4000

6000

20112012


Property crimes36000

37000

38000

39000

40000

41000

42000

43000

44000

45000

20112012

2011

Violent CrimeMurder & nonnegligent manslaughterForcible RapeRobberyAggravated AssaultProperty

In the state of West Virginia, one can see from the FBI Crime rates that the majority of crimes committed are property crimes.

The following chart shows the total number of police officers in the state of West Virginia (Unit, 2012). Total law

Total:

Total:

Total male

Total female

Number of Agencies

2012 estimat


enforcement Employees

Male Female

civilians

civilians ed population

4475 3397 131 359 588 355 1843496

This would indicate that there are more men than there are women in the police force in Princeton. ReligionDeath Rates

050

100150200250300

MaleFemale

Other Markers

Demographics of Princeton, West VirginiaMercer County has 418.99 square miles of the 24,038.21

square miles in the state of West Virginia. Princeton West Virginia has 164.37 square miles. The population of Princeton, West Virginia is 30,375. The Hometown Locator (2011) puts the elevation of Princeton WV at 2,434 feet. The Drug Rehab Association (2012) says that the elevation is 2,469 feet above sea level.

Population


Princeton has 30,375 people residing in the area. The male population is roughly 14,289 or 47.04% and the female population is 16,086 or 52.96%. Princeton has 6,314 people currently enrolled in school. Of those, there are 416 in nursery schools, 2,811 in primary schools, 1,666 in secondary schools, and 1,147 enrolled in college. Princeton has rate of 7,911 people who havegraduated high school. This is a high rate per capita.

IncomeThe median income for Princeton, WV is $26,984 per year.

This is above the poverty level of $10,000 (Hunger in America). Although people in Princeton, WV making below $10,000 is 2,209 people and the second highest number of income earners according to the Drug Rehab Association. The Hunger in America (2012) website indicates that nationally there are 14.5% people living in poverty. This would indicate that Princeton has a poverty level of 7.2%.

Race Princeton is consistent with the state in having a more

population that is white than other areas of the United States. However, on average, Princeton has a higher percentage of black Americans (6.3%) than is reported statewide (3.4%). The black population is the second highest population in numbers. This is followed by the Hispanic population which is 1.1% in Princeton and 1.2% in (West Virginia US Census Bureau, 2012).

Birth RatesChild AbuseDomestic ViolenceEducationJobs and incomeBusinesses and OwnersCrime RatesReligionDeath RatesOther Markers

Religion Businesses Owners

There are 1,284 firms in Princeton, WV. Princeton has more equal opportunities employment for women. They have more overallwomen owned firms than the state average. However, the numbers


of individuals of a race other than white who own a firm is too few to indicate. This would indicate that the sexes are closer to equal.

HouseholdsThere are 13,200 total households in Princeton, WV. The

following charts compare Princeton, WV with West Virginia. When one looks at the data, it would appear that Princeton is clearly following the same pattern as the rest of WV. The peaks and deficits are the same. In both the state of WV and Princeton more women are caring for children who are not married than men in the same circumstances. Men and women living on their own after 65 is high. This would suggest that there is longevity, especially in females.

0200040006000

Princeton

Princeton

Birth Rates


Mercer county birth rates

2007 2008 2009 20100

20

40

60

80

100

120

10-14 yrs15-17 yrs18-19 yrs

Crime RatesPrinceton, WV reports zero percent hate crimes in 2012,

which is consistent with all of West Virginia. Table 8, FBI Uniform Crime Rates

2010 Crime Rates Princeton WV

Violent Crime Murder and nonnegligent manslaughter

Forcible rape

Robbery Aggravated assault Property CrimeBurglary Larceny- theft Motor Vehicle theftArson


The law enforcement employee rates for the area include the following (FBI Uniform Crime Reports: Table 78):Population Total Law

EnforcementEmployees

Total Officers

Total Citizens

6453 23 19 4

Death Rates Marriage ratesDivorce rates

Resources of the AreaIn the book, the Street Lawyer by John Grisham, there is a

character who dies with her three children while trying to stay warm in their car. This is especially horrifying because they had recently been kicked out of the only home they had. Her nameis Lontae. If she were placed in Princeton, WV, she would be an anomaly because most WV residents own their own home. There are few multiple housing units in WV such as apartments, condominiums, etc (US Census Bureau, 2012).

Lontae would first need a referral from the DHHR in order tobegin receiving services. Lontae would only have been able to gain shelter at the Bluefield Union Mission. The Bluefield UnionMission is located in the next town over. They do have a shelter, but indicate that there is a waiting list (Homeless Shelter Directory, 2013). As stated before most people in the area are homeowners.

The Salvation Army could provide food for Lontae. She needs a referral from the DHHR (Department of Health and Human Resources) in order to receive services. This may prove difficult if she does not have proof of address. The DHHR provides services to individuals below the poverty level but requires one to have an address and be actively searching for employment.

In order to get housing Lontae could have had to contact theHUD office. HUD stands for Housing and Urban Development. The state of West Virginia only has one jurisdiction. When contacting the HUD department in Mercer County, West Virginia,


one must first be able to find it. It is located obscurely in a set of apartments called “Tiffany Manor.” When interviewed, the lady assisting with housing gives one a long form to complete. This may prove difficult if one cannot read. The form asks for personal information such as address and phone number. They willask if you would need someone to assist you in reading the information. The address can be a post office box. Tiffany Manor consists of many family households. There is a presence ofchildren, as toys are along each apartment. Tiffany Manor has a “bad” reputation among the locals. It is rumored to have high rates of drug abuse. Lontae would not benefit from moving into this area because of her already existing drug problems. TiffanyManor is the fastest placement. A person in dire need could be in a home within six weeks at this location only. By this time, she may have already passed away trying to keep warm. For Lontae, it may have worked but it may have also gotten her further into drug abuse. Other locations (which require a multitude of other forms) are longer to get into. It will take up to a year for someone to be placed in low rent housing. Generally, one can find faster placement if they find someone whois willing to get HUD approved and allow them to move in. Lontaewould not benefit from this because she would not be able to convince people because of her drug addiction. People renting out would not want a drug addict living in their home. Some homes have a child requirement as well. Lontae had three childrento care for. State law requires one sex per room and a separate area for parents. Lontae would have had to have a three bedroom apartment which may have proved difficult to find.

Mental Health facilities are available in Princeton, WV for Lontae to receive help for her addiction. Because of the high poverty levels in this area, many are available at no cost. The population has a high composition of drug treatment centers, which would indicate there are many addictions in this area. Southern Highlands does not require payment and bills through medicare. This may be one source of recovery for Lontae, although difficult for her to get into because her lack of adequate housing. Southern Highlands also provides Legends. Legends is “LEGENDS is a non-medical 90 day residential treatmentprogram for adult males and operated by Southern Highlands

http://www.shcmhc.com/index.php?id=12


Community Mental Health Center located in Princeton WV. LEGENDS offers structured, therapeutic activities in group and individualsessions. Support group meetings are provided in the context of atwelve-step approach. Individuals may be referred to LEGENDS by any source. However, first priority will be given to residents ofMercer, McDowell, and Wyoming Counties of West Virginia (SouthernHighlands, 2009).” Which would be perfect except for she does notqualify because she is female. No treatment centers like this exist for females, and no treatment centers in the area that allow residential stays with children. Several individual counselors are available but may require insurance. There are nodrug addiction hotlines available.

Lontae could attend the Princeton Community Hospital behavioral unit for her addiction and be granted help during thattime. Princeton Community Hospital is a community hospital and therefore has to take all individuals regardless of their abilityto pay. PCH would be an excellent source for Lontae except she would be admitted for short term placement. In being admitted, she would have no where for her children to go.

There are outpatient services available for both Southern Highlands, and PCH. Lontae could easily take advantage of these services that are offered free. She would, however, have difficulties getting there each week. Southern Highlands only provides outpatient services for adolescents.

http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2010/crime-in-the-u.s.-2010/tables/table-8/10tbl08wv.xls

http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2012/crime-in-the-u.s.-2012/tables/4tabledatadecoverviewpdf

http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/crime-in-the-u.s/2012/crime-in-the-u.s.-2012/tables/78tabledatadecpdf/table-78-state-cuts/table_78_full_time_law_enforcement_employees_west_virginia_by_city_2012.xls











Appendix ANCA Statistics - Statistical Report 2012 State: West Virginia

Total number of children served at the CAC: 2,688

Gender of children: Male 1,007 Female 1,681 Undisclosed 0

Age of children at first contact with center: 0-6 years 1,085 7-12 years 1,003 13-18 years 600 Undisclosed 0Total number of alleged offenders: 2,045

Relationship of alleged offender to child: Parent 662 Stepparent 150 Other Relative 436 Parent's boyfriend/girlfriend 204Other known person 517 Unknown 196

Age of alleged offenders:Under 13: 131Age 13 to 17: 201 Age 18+: 1,339 Alleged Offender Age Undisclosed: 400

Types of abuse reported: Sexual Abuse 2,120 Physical Abuse 436Neglect 158 Witness to Violence 213 Drug Endangerment 139 Other 218

Race or ethnicity of total children seen at CAC:White 2,437 Black/African American 102 Hispanic/Latino 43


American Indian/Alaska Native 7 Asian/Pacific Islander 1 Other 83 Undisclosed 15

Number of the children receiving services: Medical Exam/Treatment 540 Counseling Therapy 550 Referral to Counseling Therapy 1,252 Onsite Forensic Interviewing 2,453 Offsite Forensic Interviewing 13

Other Services Provided By CAC Age Unknown AdultsChildren Case Management/Coordination 16,238 578 62 Prevention 19,000 12,256 110 Other Categories 1,994 2,174 20

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