Code Book Name Authors Page No.

B.Sc. Chemistry

888 TB: B.Sc. Chemistry-I (Inorganic +Organic +Physical) Alok Bariyar, Sudha Goyal 01

889 TB: B.Sc. Chemistry-II (Inorganic +Organic +Physical) Alok Bariyar, Sudha Goyal 02

882 TB: Inorganic Chemistry-III Alok Bariyar, Sudha Goyal 02

883 TB: Organic Chemistry-III Alok Bariyar, Sudha Goyal 03

884 TB: Physical Chemistry-III Alok Bariyar, Sudha Goyal 03

525 B.Sc. Chemistry Practical (Hindi & English) Rajkumar 04

M.Sc. Chemistry

Inorganic Chemistry

276 Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Vol. I Gurdeep Raj 04

277 Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Vol. II Gurdeep Raj 05

278 Advanced Practical Inorganic Chemistry Gurdeep Raj 05

In Press Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Gurdeep Raj 06

270 Chromatography B.K. Sharma 06

Organic Chemistry

302 Advanced Organic Chemistry Aditi Singhal 08

279 Organic Chemistry Natural Products – Vol. I O. P. Agarwal 09

280 Organic Chemistry Natural Products – Vol. II O. P. Agarwal 09

281 Organic Chemistry Reactions & Reagents O. P. Agarwal 10

282 Synthetic Organic Chemistry O. P. Agarwal 11

284 Organic Name Reactions and Molecular Rearrangements Gurdeep Raj 11

283 Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry O. P. Agarwal 12

301 Advanced Natural Products M.P. Saluja, Raj Kumar & Anuja Agarwal 13

585 Organic Synthesis M.P. Saluja 13

Physical Chemistry

286 Advanced Physical Chemistry Gurdeep Raj 14

287 Advanced Practical Physical Chemistry J.B. Yadav 17

296 Problems in Physical Chemistry Gurdeep Raj 18

262 Group Theory & Symmetry in Chemistry Gurdeep Raj, Ajay Kumar Bhagi & V.K.Jain 19

269 Spectroscopy B.K. Sharma 20

290 Chemical Kinetics Gurdeep Raj 22

291 Photo Chemistry Gurdeep Raj 23

292 Thermodynamics Gurdeep Raj 23

298 Analytical Chemistry B.K. Sharma 25

i

HEMISTRYCINDEX

Hindi EditionAlso

Available

Code Book Name Authors Page No.

Other Chemistry Books

256 Biostatistics Pardeep K. Jasra, Gurdeep Raj 27

261 Biochemistry (Physiological Chemistry) G.R. Agarwal, Kiran Agarwal and O.P. Agarwal 27

263 Industrial Chemistry (Including Chemical Engineering) B.K. Sharma 29

266 Fuels & Petroleum Processing B.K. Sharma 35

267 Polymer Chemistry B.K. Sharma 36

268 Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis B.K. Sharma 38

271 Environmental Chemistry B.K. Sharma 43

272 Air Pollution B.K. Sharma 46

273 Water Pollution B.K. Sharma 47

274 Soil & Noise Pollution B.K. Sharma 48

288 Surface Chemistry (Adsorption) Gurdeep Raj 49

289 Phase Rule Gurdeep Raj 49

295 Nuclear & Radiation Chemistry B.K. Sharma 50

Chemistry for Engineering Students

315 Environment and Ecology R.K. Agarwal & V.K. Sangal 52

318 Engineering Chemistry R.K. Agarwal 52

324 Engineering Chemistry (General) B.K. Sharma 53

819 Advanced Engineering Chemistry Prof. (Dr.) Shradha Sinha, Prof. (Dr.) Sudha Jain 58

590 Engineering Chemistry (UK) Dr. R.K. Agarwal 59

Chemistry for Pharmacy Students

299 Environment and Ecology (B.P.) R.K. Agarwal & V.K. Sangal 59

656 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II Dr. M.P. Saluja 60

575 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-III (Organic Chemistry-II) Dr. R.K. Agarwal, Dr. Kiran Bajaj 60

570 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-VI (Medicinal Chemistry-II) Anu Chaudhary 60

579 Pharmaceutical Analysis-I Nitin Sharma, Anjana Sharma 61

Chemistry for Polytechnic Students

681 Applied Chemistry Anita Dhawan 61

684 Applied Chemistry Vol.-I (U.K.) Anita Dhawan 62

853 Applied Chemistry Vol.-II (U.K.) Anita Dhawan 62

ii

Hindi EditionAlso

Available

Inorganic Chemistry: Y Atomic Struc ture–Dual Char ac ter of Elec tron Y Heisenberg's Un cer tainty Prin ci ple Y Quan tum Num bers and Atomic

Orbitals Y The Schrödinger Wave Equa tion Y Phys i cal Sig nif i cance of ψ and ψ2 Y Shapes of Atomic Orbitals Y Rules for Writ ing Elec tronic Con fig u ra tion

Y Ef fec tive Nu clear Charge and Slat er's Rule Y Pe ri odic Ta ble & Pe ri odic Prop er ties Y In tro duc tion to Pe ri odic Ta ble Y Mendeleev’s Pe ri odic Ta ble

Y Mod ern Pe ri odic Ta ble Y Pe ri od ic ity in Prop er ties Y Den sity Y Melt ing Points Y Ion iza tion Enthalpy or En ergy or Po ten tial Y Elec tron Gain Enthalpy or

Elec tron Af fin ity Y Electronegativity Y Chem i cal Bond ing and Mo lec u lar Struc ture Y Types of Bonds Y Va lence Bond The ory Y VSEPR The ory

Y Hy brid iza tion Y Fajan’s Rule Y Po lar and Non-Po lar Co va lent Bonds Y Mo lec u lar Or bital The ory Y Hy dro gen Bond ing Y Van der Waals Forces

Y s-Block El e ments Y Ex trac tion of Al kali Met als Y Gen eral Chem i cal Prop er ties of Al kali Met als Y Com pounds of Al kali Met als Y In di vid ual

Com pounds of Al kali Met als Y Al ka line Earth Met als Y Group 18: The No ble Gases Y Iso la tion and Sep a ra tion of No ble Gases Y Pe ri odic Prop er ties of

No ble Gases Y Chem i cal Prop er ties Y p-Block El e ments Y Char ac ter is tic Prop er ties of El e ments in p-block of Mod ern Pe ri odic Ta ble Y Group 13

: Bo ron Y Group 14 : The Car bon Fam ily Y Group 15: The Ni tro gen Fam ily Y Group 16: The Ox y gen Fam ily Y Group 17 : The Halo gens Fam ily.

Organic Chemistry: Y Struc ture and Bond ing Y Local ised and Delocalized Chem i cal Bond ing Y Char ac ter is tics of Co va lent Bond Y Delocalized

Chem i cal Bond ing and Res o nance Y Hy brid iza tion Y Elec tron Dis place ment Ef fect Y Electromeric Ef fect Y Strength of Ac ids and Bases Y Mech a nism of

Or ganic Re ac tions Y Fun da men tal Con cepts of Or ganic Re ac tion Y Var i ous Re ac tion In ter me di ates Y Meth ods of De ter mi na tion of Re ac tion

Mech a nism Y Al kanes & Cycloalkanes Y Al kanes Y Cycloalkanes Y Sta bil ity of Rings and Ring Strain Y Stereochemistry of Or ganic Com pounds

Y Struc tural Isomerism Y Stereoisomerism Y Geo met ri cal Isomerism Y Conformational Isomerism Y Alkenes, Cycloalkenes, Dienes and Al kynes

Y Alkenes Y Cycloalkene (or Cycloolefin) Y Dienes Y Al kynes Y Arenes and Aro ma tici ty Y Arenes Y Struc ture of Ben zene Y Aro ma tici ty and Huckel's Rule

Y Electrophilic Ar o matic Sub sti tu tion Re ac tions Y Disubstitution in Ben zene Ring and The ory of Substituent Ef fect Y Fused or Con densed Ar o matic

Hy dro car bons Y Anthracene Y Bi phen yls Y Alky and Aryl Ha lide Y Alkyl Halides Y Aliphatic Nucleophilic Sub sti tu tion Y Polyhalogen Com pounds

Y Aryl Halides Y Syn the sis and Uses of DDT Y Syn the sis and Uses of BHC.

Physical Chemistry : Y Math e mat i cal Con cepts Y Log a rith mic Re la tions Y Curve Sketch ing Y Dif fer en ti a tion of Func tions ( , , , sin , log )k e x n xx n

Y Dif fer en ti a tion of Sum and Dif fer ence of Two Func tions Y Dif fer en tial Co ef fi cient of Prod uct of Two Func tions Y Dif fer en ti a tion of Quo tient of Two

Func tions Y Max ima and Min ima Y Par tial Dif fer en ti a tion Y In te gra tion Y Per mu ta tion and Com bi na tion Y Com put ers Y Gen eral In tro duc tion to

Com put ers Y Dif fer ent Com po nents of a Com put ers Y Bi nary Num ber And Arithmetics Y In tro duc tion of Com puter Lan guage Pro gram ming Y Gas eous

States Y The Ki netic Mo lec u lar The ory of Gases Y De vi a tion from Ideal Gas Be hav ior, Van der Waals Equa tion of State Y Equa tions of State for Real

Gases Y Re la tion ship be tween Crit i cal Con stants and Van der Waals Con stants Y The P-V Iso therms of Car bon Di ox ide Y Liq ue fac tion of Gases Y Liq uid

Crys tals Y The Gas eous, Liq uid and Solid States Y Liq uid Crys tals or Mesomorphic State Y Clas si fi ca tion of Liq uid Crys tals Y Cholestric Liq uid Crys tal

Y Solid State Y In ter fa cial An gles Y Sym me try in Crys tal Sys tems YCrys tal Sys tem Y Bravais Lat tices Y Lat tice En ergy Y Born-Haber Cy cle Y Law of

Ra tio nal In di ces Y Miller In di ces and Interplanar Spac ing Y Interplanar Spac ing in a Crys tal Sys tem Y X-ray dif frac tion and Bragg’s Law Y X-Ray

dif frac tion and Struc tures of Some Ionic Lat tices Y Col loi dal States Y Def i ni tion of Colloid Y Com par i son Among True So lu tion, Colloid and

Sus pen sion Y Clas si fi ca tion of Colloids Y Prep a ra tion of Col loi dal So lu tions Y Pu ri fi ca tion of Col loi dal So lu tions Y Gen eral Prop er ties of Col loi dal

Sys tems Y The Brownian Move ment Y Spe cific Char ac ter is tics of Hy dro pho bic Col loi dal Sys tems Y Emul sions Y Gels Y Im por tance and Ap pli ca tion of

Colloids Y Chem i cal Ki net ics and Ca tal y sis Y Rate of Re ac tion Y In te grated Rate Laws of Dif fer ent Or der Re ac tions Y Com plex First-Or der Re ac tions

Y Tem per a ture De pend ance of Rate of Re ac tion Y Ra dio ac tiv ity Y The The o ries of Re ac tion Rates Y Catalysis.

1

HEMISTRYCB.Sc. Chemistry

Krishna's

Contents

–Alok Bariyar, Sudha Goyal888-01 TB: B.Sc. Chemistry-I (Inorganic +Organic + Physical)

[Hindi Edition Also Available]

Inorganic Chemistry: Y Chem is try of El e ments of First Tran si tion Se ries Y Gen eral Char ac ter is tics of d-Block El e ments Y Com pounds of First

Row Tran si tion Metal Y Com plexes Y Chem is try of El e ments of 2nd & 3rd Tran si tion Se ries Y Gen eral Char ac ter is tics of Tran si tion El e ments

Y Com pounds of El e ments of Sec ond and Third Tran si tion Se ries Y Mer cu ric Ox ide, HgO Y Mer cu ric (II) Sul phide, HgS Y Mer cury (II) Sul phate or

Mer cu ric Sul phate, HgSO4 Y Co or di na tion Com pounds Y Fun da men tal Terms and Bond ing The o ries of Com plexes Y Isomerism in Co or di na tion

Com pounds Y Chem is try of Lanthanide El e ments Y Gen eral Prop er ties of Lanthanides Y Ex trac tion of a Mix ture of Lanthanides from Monazite

Sand Y Com pounds of Lanthanides Y Chem is try of Actinides Y Gen eral Char ac ter is tics of Actinides Y Chem is try of Sep a ra tion Y Sep a ra tion of

Ura nium and Plu to nium from Nu clear Fuel Y Com pounds of Actinoids Y Ox i da tion and Re duc tion Y Oc cur rence of Met als Y Met al lurgyY Ex trac tion

of Some Im por tant Met als Y Ox i da tion and Re duc tion Y Elec trode Po ten tial Y Lati mer Frost Di a gram Y Ac ids and Bases Y Arrhenius Con cept of Ac ids

and Bases Y Bronsted–Low ry Con cept Y Lewis Con cept of Acid Base Y Some other Con cepts Y Non-aque ous Sol vents Y In tro duc tion to Sol vents Y

Liq uid Am mo nia Y Liq uid Sul phur Di ox ide.

Organic Chemistry: Y Elec tro mag netic Spec trum Ab sorp tion Spec tra Y In tro duc tion and Ba sic Terms Y Ul tra vi o let-Vis i ble (UV-VIS)

Spec tros copy Y In fra red (IR) Spec tros copy Y Al co hols Y Al co hols Y Eth yl ene Gly col, 1,2,-Ethanediol, HOCH CH OH2 2 Glyc erol,1,2,3-Propanetriol,

HOCH — CH(OH) — CH OH2 2 Y Phe nols Y Meth ods of Prep a ra tion of Phe nols Y Phys i cal Prop er ties of the Phe nols Y Chem i cal Prop er ties of the

Phe nols Y Ethers and Epoxides Y Ethers Y No men cla ture Y Meth ods of Prep a ra tion of Ethers Y Phys i cal Prop er ties of the Ethers Y Chem i cal

Prop er ties of the Ethers Y Cy clic Ethers Y Zeisel Method for the De tec tion and Es ti ma tion of Alkoxy Group in a Com pound Y Al de hydes and

Ke tones Y Al de hydes and Ke tones Y No men cla ture of Al de hydes and Ke tones Y Meth ods of Prep a ra tion of Al de hydes Y Meth ods of Prep a ra tion of

Ke tones Y Phys i cal Prop er ties of Al de hydes and Ke tones Y Chem i cal Prop er ties of Al de hydes and Ke tones Y Carboxylic Acid

Y No men cla ture Y Meth ods of Prep a ra tion Y Phys i cal Prop er ties of Carboxylic Ac ids Y Chem i cal Prop er ties of Carboxylic Ac ids Y Di car box yl ic Acid

Y Un sat u rated Di car box yl ic Ac ids Y Sub sti tuted Ac ids Y De riv a tives of Carboxylic Acid Y No men cla ture Y Gen eral Dis cus sion of Chem is try of

Acid De riv a tives Y Or ganic Com pounds of Ni tro gen Y Ni tro Com pounds Y Nitroalkanes Y Alkyl Ni trites (R — O — N O)== Y Ar o matic Ni tro

Com pounds Y Amines.

Physical Chemistry: Y Ther mo dy nam ics-I Y Some Ba sic Terms in Ther mo dy nam ics Y First Law of Ther mo dy nam ics Y Heat Ca pac ity, Spe cific Heat

Ca pac ity and Mo lar Heat Ca pac ity Y Work Done by Ideal Gas in Dif fer ent Pro cesses Y Joule−Thomson Ef fect Y Thermochemistry Y Dif fer ent Types of

Heats of Re ac tion Y Hess's Law Y Kirchhoff 's Law Y Chem i cal Equi lib rium Y In tro duc tion and Ba sic Terms Y Equi lib rium Con stant for Dif fer ent Types

of Equi lib ria Y Le-Chatelier's Prin ci ple Y Free En ergy Change and Spon ta ne ity of a Re ac tion Y Ther mo dy nam ics-II Y Car not Cy cle Y Sec ond Law of

Ther mo dy nam ics Y En tropy (S) Y Gibbs Free En ergy, G Y Nernst Heat The o rem and Third Law of Ther mo dy nam ics Y Nernst's Dis tri bu tion Law Y The

Dis tri bu tion Law Y Elec tro chem is try-I Y In tro duc tion and Ba sic Terms Y Spe cific Con duc tance, Equiv a lent Con duc tance and Mo lar Con duc tance

Y Trans port Num ber Y Kohlrausch's Law Y Arrhenius The ory of Electolytic Dis so ci a tion Y Conductometry Y So lu tion Y Vapour Pres sure Y Ideal

So lu tion Y Sol u bil ity of Par tially Mis ci ble Liq uids Y So lu tions of Gases in Liq uids Y Electrochemisty-II Y Gal vanic Cell Y Elec tro chem i cal Se ries and its

Sig nif i cance Y Con cen tra tion Cells Y Potentiometric Ti tra tion Y Ionic Equi lib rium Y Dif fer ent Types of Com mer cial Cells Y Phase Equi lib rium Y

Dif fer ent Ba sic Terms Y One Com po nent Sys tem Y Two-Com po nent Sys tem.

Y Metal-Ligand Bond ing in Tran si tion Metal Com plexes Y The Va lence Bond The ory Y Ap pli ca tions of Va lence Bond The ory Y Crys tal Field

The ory (C.F.T.) Y Ori en ta tion of d-Orbitals and Crys tal Field Split ting or En ergy lev els Y Crys tal Field Split ting in Oc ta he dral Com plexes Y Cal cu la tion of

Crys tal Field Sta bi li za tion En ergy (CFSE) in Oc ta he dral Field, ∆o Y Crys tal Field Split ting in Tetragonal and Square Pla nar Com plexes Y Fac tors Af fect ing

CFSE Y Ap pli ca tions of Crys tal Field The ory Y Lim i ta tions of Crys tal Field The ory Y Ther mo dy namic and Ki netic As pects of Metal Com plexes Y

Sta bil ity of Com plexes in Aque ous So lu tion Y Stepwise For ma tion of Com plexes, Stepwise For ma tion Con stants and Over all For ma tion Con stants Y

Ki netic & Ther mo dy namic Sta bil ity of Metal Com plexes and Fac tors Af fect ing the Sta bil ity Y Ther mo dy namic Sta bil ity Y Elec tro static Polar is ation The ory

Y The o ries of Trans-Ef fect Y Ex per i men tal De ter mi na tion of Sta bil ity Con stant and Com po si tion of a Com plex Y Ligand Sub sti tu tion Re ac tions in Square

2

–Alok Bariyar, Sudha Goyal882-01 TB: Inorganic Chemistry-III

[Hindi Edition Also Available]

Pla nar Com plexes Y The Trans Ef fect Y Mag netic Prop er ties of Tran si tion Metal Com plexes Y Ba sic Terms of Magnetochemistry Y Or i gin of

Mag ne tism Y Mag netic Be hav iour YHys ter esis Y Mag netic Susceptibility Y Mag netic Mo ment Y Elec tronic Spec tra of Tran si tion Metal Com plexes

Y Ba sic Con cepts of Elec tron Ab sorp tion Spec tros copyY Cou pling of Or bital An gu lar Mo men tum Y Cou pling of Spin An gu lar Momenta Y Ar rang ing the

Ground State Terms-Hund's Rule Y Cal cu la tion of Num ber of Microstates Y Fun da men tals of Elec tron Ab sorp tion Spec tros copy Y Elec tronic Spec trum of

Mo lec u lar Spe cies Y Se lec tion Rules Y Quan tum Me chan i cal Ex pla na tion of Laporte Se lec tion Rule Y Orgel Di a grams Y Spectrochemical Se ries

Y Organometallic Chem is try Y Clas si fi ca tion of Organometallic Com pounds Based on the Na ture of Metal-Car bon Bond Y Prep a ra tion, Prop er ties,

Bond ing and Ap pli ca tions of Alkyl and Aryls of Li, Al, Hg, Sn and Ti Y Tin Alkyl Y Mer cury Alkyl Y Alkyl Alu minium Y Alkyl and Aryl Ti ta nium Y A Brief

Ac count of Metal Ethylenic Com plexes Y Metal Car bon yls Y In fra red Ab sorp tion Spec tra of Metal Car bon yls Y The 18 Elec tron Rule for Car bon yls Y

Sil i cones and Phosphazenes Y Sil i cones Y Gen eral Meth ods of Prep a ra tion of Silicones Y Clas si fi ca tion of Sil i cones Y Prop er ties of Sil i cones Y

Prop er ties De pend ent on Mo lec u lar Struc ture Y Uses of Sil i cones Y Over view of Sil i cones Y Phosphazenes Y Clas si fi ca tion of Phosphazenes Y Na ture of

Bond ing in Triphosphazenes Y Uses and Ap pli ca tions of Phosphazenes Y Chlorophosphazenes Y Ther mal Paste or Sil i cone Paste Y Sil i cone Rub ber Y

Ad di tion Cure Sys tem Y Con den sa tion-Based Sys tem Y Hard and Soft Ac ids and Bases (HSAB) Y Pearson Con cept of Hard and Soft Ac ids & Bases

Y Hard and Soft Ac ids Y Hard and Soft Bases Y Over view of Pearson Con cept Y Acid Base Strength and Hard ness and Soft ness Y Na ture of Bond ing in

Hard-Hard & Soft-Soft Com bi na tions Y Ap pli ca tions of HSAB Prin ci ple Y Sym bi o sis Y Lim i ta tions of HSAB Prin ci ple Y Bioinorganic Chem is try Y

In or ganic Met als in Bi o log i cal Sys tems Y Metalloporphyrins with Spe cial Ref er ence to Hae mo glo bin and Myoglobins Y Bi o log i cal Role of Al kali & Al ka line

Earth Metal Ions with Spe cial Ref er ence to Cal cium Y Ni tro gen Fix a tion Y Bio chem i cal ox y gen de mand or B.O.D.

Y NMR Spec tros copy & Some Prob lems Based on UV & IR Spec tros copy Y Prin ci ples of NMR Spec tros copy Y 1H NMR Spec trum Y Chem i cal

Shift ( )δ Y Fac tors In flu enc ing the Chem i cal Shift δ Y In ter pre ta tion of Gen eral NMR Spec trum Y Spin-Spin Split ting or Cou pling Y UV-vis i ble and IR

Spec tros copy Y Organometallic Com pounds Y Organomagnesium Com pounds Y Organozinc Com pounds Y Organolithium Com pounds Y

Organosulphur Com pounds Y No men cla ture Y Struc tural Fea tures Y Thiols Y Sulphonic Ac ids Y Thioethers Y Heterocyclic Com pounds Y

No men cla ture Y Pyridine Y Quinoline Y Isoquinoline, (β γ, -Benzopyridine) Y Pyrrole Y Thiophene Y Furan Y Indole Y Car bo hy drates Y Clas si fi ca tion

and No men cla ture of Car bo hy drates Y Monosaccharides Y D-Glu cose, C H O6 12 6 Y Disaccharides Y Poly sac cha rides Y Anal y sis of Car bo hy drates Y

Amino Ac ids, Pep tides, Pro teins and Nu cleic Ac ids Y No men cla ture of Amino Ac ids Y Pep tides Y Pro teins Y Nu cleic Ac ids Y Fats, Oils and

De ter gents Y Lipids Y Fats and Oils Y Anal y sis of Fats and Oils Y Veg e ta ble Ghee Y Soaps and De ter gents Y Waxes Y Ste roids Y Cho les terol Y Er gos terol

Y Syn thetic Poly mers Y Clas si fi ca tion of Poly mers Y Mech a nism of Ad di tion Poly meri sa tion Y Con trol ling Stereochemistry in Ad di tion Poly mers Y

Con den sa tion Poly mers (Step-Growth Poly mers) Y Ther mo set ting Poly mers Y Plasticizers Y Bio de grad able Plas tics Y Syn thetic Dyes Y Elec tronic

The ory of Color and Con sti tu tion Y Dyes and Their No men cla ture Y Anthraquinoid Dyes Y Or ganic Syn the sis via Enolates Y Ac tive Meth y lene

Com pounds Y Ethyl Acetoacetate, CH COCH COOC H3 2 2 5 Y Tau tom er ism Y Di ethyl Malonate.

Y In tro duc tory Quan tum Me chan ics Y Black Body Ra di a tion Y Photo Elec tric Ef fect Y Hy dro gen Spec trum Y Compton Ef fect or Scat ter ing Y

Si nu soi dal Wave Y Dual Char ac ter of Elec tron Y Heisenberg's Un cer tainty Prin ci ple Y El e men tary Spec tros copy Y Elec tro mag netic Ra di a tionY

Elec tro mag netic Spec trum Y Spectrophotometry Y Born-Oppenheimer (BO) Ap prox i ma tion Y Phys i cal Prop er ties and Mo lec u lar Struc ture Y

Op ti cal Ac tiv ity and Chem i cal Con sti tu tion Y Spe cific Ro ta tion [α] Y The Plane Polar ised Light Y Chiral Mol e cule Y Num ber of Op ti cal Iso mers Y Elec tri cal

Prop er ties Y Di pole Mo ment and Mo lec u lar Struc ture Y De ter mi na tion of Di pole Mo ments Y Clausius Mosotti Equa tion Y Polar is ation of Mol e cule in an

Elec tric Field Y Mag netic Prop er ties of Mol e cules Y Types of Mag netic Sub stances Y Mag netic Sus cep ti bil ity Y The o ries of Dia mag ne tism and

Para mag net ism Y Mea sure ment of Mag netic Sus cep ti bil ity Y Ap pli ca tion of Mag netic Sus cep ti bil i ties Y El e men tary Quan tum Me chan ics Y Quantum

Chem is try Y Pos tu lates of Quan tum Me chan ics Y Hamiltonian Op er a tor Y Trav el ing and Stand ing Waves Y Al lowed And For bid den Stand ing Waves Y

The Schr&&oding er Wave Equa tion Y Eigen Func tion and Eigen Val ues Y Ra dial Dis tri bu tion Func tions for Var i ous En ergy Lev els Y So lu tion of the

3

–Alok Bariyar, Sudha Goyal883-01 TB: Organic Chemistry-III

[Hindi Edition Also Available]

–Alok Bariyar, Sudha Goyal884-01 TB: Physical Chemistry-III

[Hindi Edition Also Available]

Schr&&oding er Wave Equa tion for Some Sim ple Sys tems Y Quan tum Num bers and Atomic Orbitals Y Shapes of Orbitals Y Co va lent Bond ing Y Wave

Me chan i cal Treat ment of Co va lent Bond Y Ex pla na tion of Va lence Bond The ory Y Ex pla na tion of Mo lec u lar Or bital The ory Y Lin ear Com bi na tion of

Atomic orbitals and treat ment of H2+ Y En ergy Level Di a gram for Mo lec u lar Orbitals Y Homonuclear Di atomic Mol e cules Y Heteronuclear Di atomic

Mol e cules Y Hy bridi sa tion in Co va lent Mol e cules Y Dif fer ent Types of Hy bridi sa tion Y Wave Func tions for Hy brid Orbitals Y Ori en ta tion of Hy brid

Orbitals in Space Y Ad vanced Spec tros copy Y Ad vanced Spec tros copy Y Elec tronic Spec tra Y Charge Trans fer (CT) Spec tra Y Ro ta tional

(Mi cro wave) Spec tra Y Vi bra tional (In fra red) Spec tra Y Raman Spec tros copy Y Photochemistry Y The Laws of Photochemistry Y The Jablonski

Di a gram Y Light Ab sorp tion by So lu tions Y Quan tum Ef fi ciency or Quan tum Yield Y Pho to chem i cal Re ac tions Y So lu tions, Di lute So lu tions and

Colligative Prop er ties Y In tro duc tion of So lu tion and it's Types Y Dif fer ent Meth ods of Ex press ing Con cen tra tion Y Vapour Pres sure Y Colligative

Prop er ties Y The Van't Hoff Fac tor & Ab nor mal Colligative Property.

Inorganic Chemistry: Y Qualitative Analysis Y Identification of Acid Radicals Y Chemical Reaction of Acid Radicals Y Combination Tests of Acid

Radicals Y Interfering Acid Radicals Y Identification of Basic Radicals Y Chemical Reactions of Basic Radicals Y Important Facts Regarding the

Identification of Acid and Basic Radicals Y Viva-Voce.

Organic Chemistry: Y To determine the melting point of the given solid organic substance (Block Method) Y To determine the melting point of the

given solid organic substance (Capillary Method) Y To determine the boiling point of the given liquid organic compound Y To determine the mixed

melting point of the given mixture of organic compounds Y To crystallise the given organic compound Y To decolourise and crystallise the given organic

compound by using charcoal Y To purify the given organic compound by sublimation Y Detection of elements in the given organic compound

Y Detection of functional groups in the given organic compound Y Important facts regarding organic analysis Y Reagents for organic analysis

Y Viva-Voce.

Physical Chemistry: Y To study the distribution of iodine between water and CCl4 and find out the value of distribution coefficient Y To study the

distribution of benzoic acid between benzene and water and find out the value of distribution coefficient Y To determine the percentage composition of

the given mixture (non-interacting) by viscosity method Y To determine the percentage composition of a given mixture (non-interacting) by surface

tension method. Y To determine the specific reaction rate for the hydrolysis of methyl acetate or ethyl acetate catalyzed by hydrogen ions at room

temperature Y Viva-Voce. Appendix: Y First Aid During Practicals Y Essential Precautions in Laboratory Y Logarithms Table Y Anti-Logarithms Table.

Y Structure of the Atom Y Wave Mechanics (Part I) Y Chemical Bonding Y Nature of Covalent Bond and Shapes of Molecules Y Wave Mechanics (Part

II) Y Solid State Chemistry Y Weak Chemical Forces Y Periodic Table and Periodic Properties Y Completion and Extension of the Periodic

Table- Technetium, Promethium, Astatine, Francium, Neptunium, Plutonium, Americium, Curium, Berklium, Californium, Einsteinium, Mendelevium,

Nobelium, Lawrencium, Kurchatovium (Eka-Hafnium) or Rutherfordium, Hahnium (Eka-tantalum), Elements 106, Elements 107 and 108, Super Heavy

Elements, Further Extension of the Periodic Table Y Modern Concepts of Acids and Bases Y Nuclear and Radiochemistry Y Introductory

Coordination Chemistry Y Chelates Y Inorganic Reaction Mechanism Y Redox Potential Y Hydrides Y Borazine Y Carbides Y Nitrides

Y Interhalogen Compounds Y Pseudo Halogens, Halogen-Halogenoids, Polyhalides and Basic Properties of Iodine Y Peroxides and Peracids and

4

M.Sc. Chemistry

–Rajkumar525–02 B.Sc. Chemistry Practical (Hindi & English)

their Salts Y Chemistry of Carbonyls Y Chemistry of Nitrosyls Y Nobles Gases and their Compounds and Clathrates Y Phosphonitrilic Compounds

or Phosphazenes Y Passivity and Corrosion Y Polythionic Acids Y Silicates and Silicones Y Non-Stoichiometric Compounds Y Non-Aqueous Solvents

Y Alloys and Intermetallic Compounds Y Alkoxides Y Isopolyacids and Heteropolyacids Y Organometallic Compounds Y Fuels and Furnaces Y Electricity

in the Service of Chemistry Y Mineral Wealth of India Y Inorganic Metals in Biological Systems Y Inorganic Polymers Y Chemistry of d-Block Elements

Y Beryllium Y Thallium Y Gallium Y Indium Y Elements of Group III B Scandium, Yttrium, Lanthanum Y Elements of Group IV B- Titanium, Zirconium,

Hafnium Y Germanium Y Vanadium, Niobium or Columbium and Tantalum Y Tungsten and Molybdenum- General Discussion of VI A Elements,

Tungsten or Wolfram, Molybdenum Y Lanthanides (4f-Block Series) Y Actinides (5f-Block Series) Y Cerium Y Thorium Y Uranium Y Plutonium

Y Rhenium Y Platinum Metals Palladium- Platinum Y Rhodium Y Iridium Y Osmium Y Selenium Y Tellurium Y Some Redox Titrants, Potassium

Bromate, Potassium Iodate, Vanadates, Ceric Salts, Titanous salts, Chromous Salts, Chloramine-T, Y Co-precipitation, Y Post-precipitation

Y Precipitation from Homogeneous Medium Y Indicators for Redox Titrations or Redox Indicators Y Adsorption Indicators Y Complexones

(Largely) EDTA, Y Organic Reagents in Inorganic Analysis Y Solid Electrolytes Y Inorganic Photochemistry Y Poly-Ether Complexes of

Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metals (Crown Ether and Cryptands) Y Polyions of Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb and Bl or Polyatomic Zintl Anions Y Non-Car bonyl

Metal Clus ters.

Y In or ganic Re ac tion Mechanisum- Part I Y In or ganic Re ac tion Mech a nism- Part II Y In or ganic Re ac tion Mech a nism- Part III Y In or ganic Re ac tion

Mech a nism- Part IV Y In or ganic Re ac tion Mech a nism- Part V Y In or ganic Poly mers Y Flu o rides of Car bon, Sul phur and Ni tro gen Y Cyanides and

Iso cya nides Y Elec tron De fi cient Mol e cules Y Com plexes of Phos pho rus and Ar senic Do nor Lig ands Y Me tal lic Bond and The o ries of Semi-Con duc tors

and In su la tors Y Carboranes Y An ionic Bo ron Hy drides (Hydroborate Ions) Y Role of Metal Com plexes in Bi o log i cal Sys tems Y Sulphides of Bo ron,

Sil i con, Ni tro gen and Phos pho rus Y Alkoxides Y Organometallic Com pounds Y In or ganic Free Rad i cals Y Solvated Elec trons Y Car bon Suboxide

Y Applications of Phys i cal Meth ods of Elu ci dat ing Mo lec u lar Struc ture of In or ganic Com pounds Y En vi ron men tal Chem is try Y Sam pling and

Mea sure ment of Air Pol lut ants Y Wa ter Pol lut ants Y Chem is try of d-Block El e ments Y Organo-Alu minium Com pounds Y Crowns and Cryptates

Y In ter ca la tion Com pounds Y Metal Clus ters Y Bioinorganic Chem is try Y Sym me try El e ments and Group The ory Y C-60 or Buckminsterfullerene

Y Ho mo ge neous Ca tal y sis by Organometallic Com pounds Y Het er o ge neous Ca tal y sis by Organometallic Com pounds Y In ser tion Re ac tions Y Ox i da tive

Ad di tive and Reductive Elim i na tion Re ac tions Y Stereochemically Non-rigid and Flux ion al Mol e cules Y Tolman Rules Y Reppe Syn the sis Y Carboxylates

Y Organometallic Chem is try of Lanthanides Y Organometallic Chem is try of Actinides Y Diketonates Y Schiff's Base Lig ands and Com plexes

Y Organometallic Com pounds of Li, Na, K, Br, Mg, Sn, Zn, Cd and Hg Y In or ganic Photochemistry Y Fullerences Y Tox i col ogy of Heavy El e ments Y Noise

Pol lu tion Y Ma rine Pol lu tion Y Ra dio ac tive Pol lu tion and Nu clear Waste Pol lu tion Y Ther mal Pol lu tion Y Soil and Ag ri cul ture Pol lu tion.

Y Inorganic Qualitative Analysis Y Dif fer ent Types of Qual i ta tive Anal y sis Y Terms Used in Qual i ta tive Anal y sis Y The o ret i cal Prin ci ples

Un der ly ing Qual i ta tive Anal y sis of In or ganic Mix tures Y Com mon Ion Ef fect Y Sol u bil ity Prod uct Y Prin ci ples Un der ly ing Anal y sis or Cationic

Mix tures Y Iden ti fi ca tion of An ionic Con stit u ents Y Pre lim i nary Tests of An ions Y Iden ti fi ca tion of An ionic Con stit u ents by Wet Tests Y Tests of

Spe cial Com bi na tions of An ionic Con stit u ents Y Iden ti fi ca tion of Cationic Con stit u ents Y Dry Test Anal y sis for Cationic Con stit u ents Y Wet Tests

Y Semi-mi cro Qual i ta tive Anal y sis Y Semi-Mi cro Ap pa ra tus and its Uses Y Op er a tions In volved in Semi-Mi cro Anal y sis Y Iden ti fi ca tion of Gases Y

Clean ing of Ap pa ra tus Y Tests for Acidic Rad i cals (An ions) Y Prep a ra tion of the So lu tion for Anionic Con stit u ents Y In di vid ual Tests of An ionic

Con stit u ents Y Spe cial Tests for Mix ture of An ionic Con stit u ents Y Anal y sis of Insolubles Y Spot Test Anal y sis Y How to Carry out a Spot Test Y

Ad van tages Y Pre cau tions Y Spot Tests for Group I ( , and )Pb Hg Ag2+2

+2+ Y Spot Tests for Group II A Y Spot Tests for Group IIB

(As Sb and Sn3+ 3+ +), Y Spot Tests for Group III. ( )Fe , Al and Cr3+ 3+ 3+ Y Spot Tests for Group IV ( )Co , Ni , Mn and Zn2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ Y Spot Tests for

Group V. ( )Ba , Sr and Ca2+ 2+ 2+ Y Spot Tests for Group VI. ( )Mg , K and Na+ + + Y Spot Test for NH4+ Ion Y Spot Test for An ions Y Anal y sis

In volv ing Rare El e ments Y Re ac tions of Rare El e ments Y Chro ma tog ra phy Y Introduction to Chromatography Y Introduction to Paper

Chromatography Y Inorganic Preparations Y Various Inorganic Preparations Y Volumetric Analysis Y Titrations Y Conditions for Volumetric

Analysis Y Terms Involved in Volumetric Analysis Y Apparatus Used in Volumetric Analysis Y Acidimetry-Alkalimetry Y Indicators Y Theories of

Acid-Basse Indicators Y Choice of Acid-Base Indicators in Titrations Y Oxidation-Reduction Titrations Y Titrations Involving Potassium

5

–Gurdeep Raj278–26 Advanced Practical Inorganic Chemistry

–Gurdeep Raj277–14 (B) Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Vol. II

Permanganate Y Standardisation of KMnO4 Solution Y Estimation of Calcium-Direct Method Y Estimation of Sodium Nitrite Y Application of External

Indicator Y Application of Internal Indicator Y Titration Involving KClO3 Y Cerimetric Titrations Y Iodimetry and Iodometry Y Standardisation of Iodine

solution Y Iodometry Y Titrations Involing Persulphate Y Titrations Involving Potassium Ferrocyanide Y Estimation of Zinc Y Silver Nitrate Titrations

Y Types of Silver Nitrate Titrations Y Mohr’s Method Y Volhard’s Methods Y Fajan’s Method or Adsorption Indicator Method Y Complexometry: EDTA

Titrations Y Reactions and Properties of EDTA Y Types of EDTA Titrations Y Metallochromic Indicators Y Standard EDTA Solution Y Gravimetric

Analysis (Introductory) Y Gravimetric Apparatus Y Experimental Technique of Gravimetric Analysis Y Single Gravimetric Estimations Y

Estimation of Silver as Silver Chloride Y Estimation of Chloride as Silver Chloride in a given solution Y Estimation of Sulphate as Barium Sulphate in a

given Solution Y Estimation of Barium as Barium Sulphate in the given Solution of Barium Chloride Y Estimation of Barium as Barium Chromate Y

Estimation of Lead as Chromate in a Given Solution Y Estimation of Lead as lead Sulphate in the Given Solution Y Estimation of Copper as Cuprous

Thiocyanate in the Given Solution Y Estimation of Aluminium as Aluminium Oxide Y Estimation of Nickel as Nickel Dimethyl Glyoximate in the Given

Solution Y Estimation of Zinc as Zinc Ammonium Phosphate in the Given Solution Y Estimation of Magnesium as Magnesium ammonium phosphate Y

Estimation of Magnesium as Magnesium Pyrophosphate Y Estimation of Magnesium as Magnesium Oxinate Y Estimation of Iron as Ferric Oxide Y

Estimation of Calcium as Calcium Oxide Y Estimation of Calcium as Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Y Estimation of Calcium as Calcium Carbonate Y

Gravimetric Estimations of Two Constituents when Present Together Y Gravimetric Estimations of Three Constituents when Present

Together Y Analysis of Ores, Minerals, Alloys & other Materials Y Analysis of Pyrolusite Y Analysis of Galena Y Analysis of Monazite Y Analysis

of Chrome-iron ore Y Analysis of brass Y Analysis of type metal and solder Y Analysis of bronze Y Analysis of manganese bronze Y Analysis of gun

metal Y Analysis of phosphor bronze Y Analysis of German silver Y Analysis of dolomite Y Analysis of silver coins Y Analysis of nickel coin Y Estimation

of Available Chlorine in Bleaching Powder Y Estimation of Available Oxygen in Hydrogen Peroxide Y Determination of Phosphoric Acid in

Commercial Phosphoric Acid Y Determination of Boric Acid and Borax Y Estimate the Amount of Copper Present in the Given Cupro-nickel Alloy

Solution Y Estimate the Amount of Iron Present in the Given Iron (Haematite) Ore Solution Y Estimate the Amount of Nickel Present in the Given

Cupro-nickel Alloy Solution Y Analysis of Monel Metal Y Determination of Magnetic Susceptibility and magnetic Moment Y Application of

Conductance Measurements Y Potentiometric Titrations Y Colorimetry Y Flame Photometry Y pH Metry Y Appendix.

Y Stereochemistry and Bond ing in Main Group Com pounds Y Metal-Liq uid Equi lib ria in So lu tion Y Re ac tion Mech a nism of Tran si tion Metal Com plexes

Y Metal-Ligand Bond ing Y Elec tronic Spec tra and Mag netic Prop er ties of Tran si tion Metal Com plexes Y Metal π-Com plexes Y Vi bra tional Spec tra of

Metal Car bon yls Y Metal Car bon yls Y Metal Nitrosyls Y Car bonyl Hy drides and Carbonylate and Cat ions Y Car bonyl Halides Y Di-ni tro gen Com plexes

Y Com plexes of Dioxygen Y Ter tiary Phos phine as Ligand Y Metal Clus ters Y Higher Boranes Y An ionic Bo ron Hy drides (Hydroborates Ions)

Y Carboranes Y Metallaboranes Y Metallocarboranes Y Metal Car bonyl Clus ters Y Metal Car bonyl Ha lide Clus ters Y Mul ti ple Metal-Metal Bonds

Y Isopoly and Heteropoly Ac ids and Their Salts Y Con cepts in Solid State Chem is try Y Me tal lic Bonds and The o ries of Semi -con duc tors and In su la tors

Y In or ganic Photochemistry Y Bioinorganic Chem is try Y Supra mo lecu lar Chem is try Y Role of Metal Com plexes in Bi o log i cal Sys tems Y In or ganic

Me dic i nal Com pounds Y Ap pli ca tions of Phys i cal Meth ods of Elu ci dat ing Mo lec u lar Struc ture of In or ganic Com pounds Y Organometallic Com pounds

Y Het er o ge neous Ca tal y sis By Organometallic Com pounds Y In ser tion Re ac tions Y Ox i da tive Ad di tion and Reductive Elim i na tion Re ac tions

Y Stereochemically Non-rigid and Flux ion al Mol e cules Y Tolman Rules Y Reppe Syn the sis Y Ho mo ge neous Ca tal y sis by Organometallic Com pounds

Y En vi ron men tal Chem is try Y Tox i col ogy of Heavy El e ments Y Noise Pol lu tion Y Ma rine Pol lu tion Y Ra di a tion Pol lu tion and Nu clear Waste Pol lu tion

Y Ther mal Pol lu tion Y Soil and Ag ri cul ture Pol lu tion.

Y Chromatography Y Separation Y Na ture of the sep a ra tion pro cess Y Clas si fi ca tion of sep a ra tion meth ods Y Ba sic sep a ra tion meth ods

Y Chro ma tog ra phy Y Def i ni tion Y Clas si fi ca tion in chro ma tog ra phy Y Ad sorp tion and par ti tion chro ma tog ra phy Y Par ti tion of a

com po nent be tween phases Y Ex clu sion chro ma tog ra phy Y Ion ex change chro ma tog ra phy Y Cat ion exchangers Y An ion exchangers

Y Com mon func tional groups on ion exchangers Y Sol vent Ex trac tion Meth ods in Anal y sis Y The dis tri bu tion law Y Extration

pro cess Y Liq uid liq uid extration Y Extractants Y Fac tors af fect ing ex trac tion Y Tech nique for sol vent ex trac tion Y Com ple tion of anal y sis

Y Quan ti ta tive treatement of sol vent ex trac tion equi lib ria Y Clas si fi ca tion of sol vent ex trac tion sys tems Y Types of ex trac tion sys tems Y

Types of in or ganic ex trac tion sys tems Y Tran si tion of a sub stance from an aque ous phase into an or ganic phase Y Ad van tages of sol vent

6

–Gurdeep RajIn Press Advanced Inorganic Chemistry

ex trac tion Y Ap pli ca tions of liq uid ex trac tion Y Sol vent ex trac tion meth ods in met al lurgy Y Solid liq uid ex trac tion Y Coun ter Cur rent Ex trac tion

Y Stepwise coun ter cur rent sep a ra tion Y De scrip tion of Craig’s tech nique Y Der i va tion of dis tri bu tion cur rent Y Ap pli ca tions of Craig’s

tech nique Y Con tin u ous coun ter cur rent sep a ra tion Y Gen eral the ory of chro mato graphic pro cesses Y Lim i ta tions of plate the ory Y

Liq uid-Liq uid Chro ma tog ra phy Y Pumps Y Col umns Y Col umn prep a ra tion for LLC Y Se lec tion of solid sup port foe LLC Y Se lec tion of liq uid liq uid

sys tems Y Per for mance of LLC sys tems Y Gra di ent elu tion Y De tec tors Y Var i ous forms of liq uid chro ma tog ra phy — Liq uid solid chro ma tog ra phy (LSC)

Y Liq uid liq uid chro ma tog ra phy (LLC) Y Com bined LSC and LLC Y Mo lec u lar sieves and gel per me ation chro ma tog ra phy Y Ex clu sion chro ma tog ra phy

(Gel chro ma tog ra phy) Y Af fin ity chro ma tog ra phy Y Ion ex change chro ma tog ra phy Y Re cy cling chro ma tog ra phy Y Ion pair chro ma tog ra phy (IPC) Y

Non-col umn liq uid chro mato graphic tech niques — Thin layer chro ma tog ra phy (TLC) Y Pa per chro ma tog ra phy Y Gen eral con cepts Y Fun da men tal

con cepts Y Chro mato graphic de vel op ment Y Some ap pli ca tions of LLC Y Ad sorp tion (Col umn) Chro ma tog ra phy Y Gen eral pro ce dure of

ad sorp tion col umn chro ma tog ra phy Y Ad sor bent Y Sol vent (Eluting agent, Mo bile phase) Y The col umn Y The the ory of de vel op ment Y Fac tors af fect ing

col umn ef fi ciency Y Ap pli ca tions of col umn chro ma tog ra phy Y Sep a ra tion of meth y lene blue and fluorescein by col umn chro ma tog ra phy Y Par ti tion

Chro ma tog ra phy Y Ad van tages and lim i ta tions of ad sorp tion Y Ad van tages and lim i ta tions of par ti tion Y Sta tion ary phase Y Impregenating the

sup port Y Mo bile phase (eluting agent) Y Pro ce dure Y De tec tion of col umn ef flu ent Y The ory of par ti tion chro ma tog ra phy Y Method of de tec tion and

anal y sis of com po nents Y Ap pli ca tions Y Ion Ex change Chro ma tog ra phy Y Ion ex change res ins Y Cat ion ex change res ins Y An ion ex change res ins Y

Batch op er a tion with an ion ex change resin ion Y Col umn op er a tion with an ion ex change resin Y New ion exchangers Y Types of ionisable groups Y Ion

chro ma tog ra phy Y Prop er ties of ion ex change res ins Y Ba sic re quire ments of use ful resin Y Ion ex change equi lib rium Y Ba sis for sep a ra tions Y Sep a ra tion of

or ganic mix tures Y Ap pli ca tions of ion ex change res ins Y Ion ex change chro ma tog ra phy Y Tech niques of ion ex change chro ma tog ra phy Y Sep a ra tion fac tor

Y Fac tors af fect ing sep a ra tion fac tor Y Pack ing of the col umn Y Anal y sis of the elute Y Ra dio- iso topes in ion ex change chro ma tog ra phy Y Ap pli ca tions of ion

ex change chro ma tog ra phy Y Gel Per me ation or Gel Chro ma tog ra phy Y Tech niques ix gel chro ma tog ra phy Y Col umn Y Gel prep a ra tion Y Pack ing of

the col umn Y Ap pli ca tion of the sam ple Y The ory of gel chro ma tog ra phy Y Ap pli ca tions of gel chro ma tog ra phy Y Salt ing out chro ma tog ra phy Y Ion Pair

Chro ma tog ra phy Y Prin ci ples for ion pair ex trac tion Y Clas si fi ca tion of ion pair liq uid chro ma tog ra phy Y re ten tion Y Se lec tiv ity Y Bonded phase

chro ma tog ra phy (BPC) Y Choice of mode of sep a ra tion Y Ap pli ca tions of ion pair chro ma tog ra phy Y Gas Chro ma tog ra phy Y Tech nique of gas liq uid

chro ma tog ra phy Y Ap pa ra tus for gas liq uid chro ma tog ra phy Y Car rier gas Y The in jec tion port Y Col umns Y The solid in ert sup port Y The sta tion ary

liq uid phase Y Col umn thermostatting Y De tec tors Y Ther mal con duc tiv ity de tec tors Y Flame ion is ation de tec tors Y Flame pho to met ric de tec tors Y

Elec tron cap ture de tec tor Y Duat de tec tion Y Sep a ra tion pro ce dure Y The ory and prin ci ple of gas liq uid chro ma tog ra phy Y Fac tors af fect ing

sep a ra tion Y Tem per a ture pro gram ming Y Ap pli ca tions of gas liq uid chro ma tog ra phy Y Gas liq uid chro ma tog ra phy with se lec tive de tec tors Y

Mis cel la neous ap pli ca tions Y Sep a ra tion of amino ac ids by gas chro ma tog ra phy Y To de ter mine the ef fect of some pa ram e ters on the sep a ra tion of a

hy dro car bon mix ture Y Gas chro ma tog ra phy as a mem ber of a team Y Pa per Chro ma tog ra phy Y Sheet meth ods Y Pa per chro ma tog ra phy Y

Gen eral pro ce dure of pa per chro ma tog ra phy Y Types of pa per chro ma tog ra phy Y Prin ci ple of pa per chro ma tog ra phy Y Tech niques of pa per

chro ma tog ra phy Y Types of pa per Y Mod i fi ca tion of the pa per Y Prep a ra tion of pa per Y Prep a ra tion of sam ple Y Choice of sol vents Y The ory Y

Lo ca tion of spots and mea sure ment of RF value Y Sam ple ap pli ca tion Y Ap pa ra tus Y Cir cu lar pa per chro ma tog ra phy Y Pre cau tions in pa per

chro ma tog ra phy Y Quan ti ta tive es ti ma tions Y Ap pli ca tions of pa per chro ma tog ra phy Y Sep a ra tion of amino ac ids by pa per chro ma tog ra phy Y Thin

Layer Chro ma tog ra phy Y Fea tures and ap pli ca bil ity of TLC Y Out lines of gen eral pro ce dure of TLC Y Ad van tages of TLC Y Lim i ta tions of TLC Y

Es sen tial re quire ments for TLC Y TLC is su pe rior to pa per and col umn chro ma tog ra phy Y Ba sic op er a tions in volved in TLC Y Meth ods for the

pro duc tion of thin layer on ptantes Y Ap pli ca tion of sam ple on the chromoplates Y Choice of adsorbents Y Choice of sol vents Y De tect ing re agents Y

De vel op ing cham ber Y De vel op ment and de tec tion Y Ad sorp tion TLC Y Ion ex change TLC Y Parlition TLC Y Re versed phase par ti tion TLC Y TLC on

poly amides Y TLC on dex tran gels Y Thin layer ionophoresis and thin layer elec tro pho re sis Y Ap pli ca tions of thin layer chro ma tog ra phy Y Sep a ra tion

of vi ta mins by TLC Y Quan ti ta tive TLC Y Pre para tive TLC Y Re versed phase chro ma tog ra phy Y Elec tro pho re sis and Elec tro-Chro ma tog ra phy

Y Def i ni tion Y Types of etectrophoretic meth ods Y Free so lu tion elec tro pho re sis Y The Tiselius method Y Mov ing bound ary elec tro pho re sis Y Den sity

gra di ent elec tro pho re sis Y Zone elec tro pho re sis or electrochromatography Y Types of sup port ing or sta bi liz ing me dium Y Pa per elec tro pho re sis Y Pa per

used Y Elec trodes Y Source of curcent Y Lo ca tion of com po nents Y Re quire ments of elec tro pho retic cham bers Y Prob lems in elec tro pho re sis Y

Ap pli ca tions of electrochromatography Y Sep a ra tion of se rum pro teins by pa per elec tro pho re sis Y Sep a ra tion of in or ganic sub stances Y

Immunoelectrophoresis Y Pre para tive elec tro pho re sis Y Elec tro pho re sis on cel lu lose ac e tate Y Elec tro pho re sis in gels Y Elec tro pho re sis in pow ders Y

High Pres sure (or Per for mance) Liq uid Chromatography Y High per for mance liq uid chro ma tog ra phy Y Mode of chro ma tog ra phy Y Prin ci ple and

ap pa ra tus for HPLC Y Sol vent de liv ery sys tem Y Pumps Y Sam ple in jec tion sys tem Y The col umn Y Col umn pack ing ma te ri als Y Col umn pack ing Y Choice

of supporitng ma te ri als for a sep a ra tion Y TLC and HPLC Y De tec tors Y Char ac ter is tics of de tec tor Y Some de tec tors used in HPLC Y Per for mance Y Method

Y Iden ti fi ca tion of sol ute peaks Y Quan ti ta tive HPLC Y Ac cu racy and pre ci sion of HPLC Y Ma te ri als Y Ad van tages of HPLC Y Ef fect of tem per a ture in HPLC

Y Derivatisation in HPLC Y Trace anal y sis in HPLC Y Pre para tive HPLC Y Im por tant ap pli ca tions of HPLC — In-or ganic chem is try Y Fo ren sic chem is try Y

Nat u ral and syn thetic phar ma ceu ti cal drugs Y Ste roids Y Lipids Y Al ka loids Y Amino ac ids and pro teins Y Car bo hy drates Y Nu cleic ac ids Y Pre ser va tives and

an ti ox i dants Y Vi ta mins Y Coal and oil prod ucts Y En vi ron men tal pol lut ants Y Pes ti cides Y Radiochromatography.

7

Y Elec tronic Struc ture and Bond ing Y The Struc ture of an Atom Y Chem i cal Bond ing Y Elec tronic Struc ture of Mol e cules: Lewis Struc tures

Y Atomic Orbitals Y Lo cal ized Co va lent Bond ing Y Hy brid iza tion Y Bond Length, Bond An gle and Bond En er gies Y Electronegativity Y

Di pole Mo ment Y In duc tive and Field Ef fects Y Mesomeric (Conjugative) Ef fects Y Delocalized Chem i cal Bond ing and Aro ma tici ty Y Res o nance

(Delocalized Chem i cal Bond ing) Y Steric In hi bi tion of Res o nance Y Con ju ga tion Y Hyperconjugation Y Cross-Con ju ga tion Y Aro ma tici ty Y Mod ern

The o ries of Struc ture of Ben zene Y Cri te ria for Aro ma tici ty Y Hückel Mo lec u lar Or bital The ory (HMO The ory) Y Per tur ba tion The ory or Per tur ba tion

Mo lec u lar Or bital (PMO) The ory Y Ar o matic Com pounds Y Antiaromatic Com pounds Y PMO Ap proach for Aro ma tici ty Y Al ter nate and Non-al ter nate

Hy dro car bons Y Annulenes Y Ar o matic Ions Y Heteroaromatic Sys tems Y Benzenoid Ar o matic Com pounds Y Non-Benzenoid Ar o matic

Com pounds Y Antiaromaticity Y Homoaromaticity Y Meso-ionic Com pound Y Fullerenes Y Tau tom er ism Y Bonds Weaker than

Co va lent Y Hy dro gen Bond Y Ad di tion Com pounds Y Stereochemistry Y Isomerism Y En an tio mers and Chirality Y El e ments of Sym me try

and Chirality Y Op ti cal Ac tiv ity Y Rep re sen ta tion of Three Di men sional Mol e cules Y Superimposibility of a Mol e cule on its Mir ror Im age Y

Rep re sen ta tion of Two Car bon Sys tems Y Interconversions of Pro jec tion For mula Y Ab so lute and Rel a tive Con fig u ra tion Y No men cla ture of

En an tio mers Y Com par i son be tween D, L and R, S No men cla ture Y Prop er ties of En an tio mers Y Mol e cules with more than one Stereogenic Cen tres

Y Erythro and Threo No men cla ture Y Meso Com pounds Y Prop er ties of Diastereomers Y Racemic Mix ture Y Racemization Y Enantiomeric Ex cess and

Op ti cal Pu rity Y Res o lu tion of Racemic Mix tures Y Stereospecific and Stereoselective Re ac tions Y Con cept of Prostereoisomerism Y Asym met ric Syn the sis

Y Ab so lute Asym met ric Syn the sis Y Op ti cal Ac tiv ity in the Ab sence of a Chiral Car bon Y Op ti cal Ac tiv ity due to Helicity Y Stereochemistry of

Ni tro gen Com pounds Y Stereochemistry of Phos pho rus Com pounds Y Stereochemistry of Sul fur Com pounds Y Geo met ri cal Isomerism Y

Conformational Anal y sis Y Con for ma tions of Acy clic Sys tems Y Con for ma tions of Cycloalkanes Y Con for ma tions of Sug ars Y Con for ma tions of Fused

Rings: Decalins Y Con for ma tions of other Ring Sys tems Y Steric Strain due to Un avoid able Crowd ing Y Ef fect of Con for ma tion on Re ac tiv ity Y

Re ac tion Mech a nism: Struc ture and Re ac tiv ity Y Types of Mech a nisms Y Types of Re ac tions Y Ther mo dy namic Re quire ments for Re ac tion Y

Ki netic Re quire ments for Re ac tion Y Ther mo dy namic Ver sus Ki netic Con trol of Re ac tions Y Char ac ter iz ing Tran si tion States: The Hammond Pos tu late Y

The Cur tin Hammett Prin ci ple Y Quan ti ta tive Treat ment of the Ef fect of Struc ture on Re ac tiv ity Y Meth ods of De ter mi na tion of Re ac tion Mech a nism Y

Ki netic Iso tope Ef fects Y Hard and Soft Ac ids and Bases (HSAB) or Hard and Soft Electrophiles and Nucleophiles Y Re ac tion In ter me di ates Y Aliphatic

Nucleophilic Sub sti tu tion Y SN1 Mech a nism (Sub sti tu tion Nucleophilic Unimolecular) Y SN2 Mech a nism (Sub sti tu tion Nucleophilic Bi mo lec u lar)

Y Neigh bour ing Group Par tic i pa tion Y SN1 Mech a nism Y Mixed SN1 and SN2 Mech a nism Y SET Mech a nism Y Fac tors Af fect ing Re ac tiv ity in Nucleophilic

Sub sti tu tion Re ac tions Y Nucleophilic Sub sti tu tion at an Al lyl ic Car bon Y Nucleophilic Sub sti tu tion at an Aliphatic Trigonal Car bon Y Nucleophilic

Sub sti tu tion at a Vinylic Car bon Y Phase Trans fer Ca tal y sis and Ul tra sound Y Ambident Nucleophiles, Regioselectivity Y Ambident Sub strates

Y Esterification and Es ter Hy dro ly sis Y Aliphatic Electrophilic Sub sti tu tion Y Unimolecular Mech a nism (SE1) (Sub sti tu tion Electrophilic Unimolecular)

Y Bi mo lec u lar Mech a nism (SE2 and SE1) Y Electrophilic Sub sti tu tion Ac com pa nied by Dou ble Bond Shifts Y Fac tors Af fect ing Re ac tiv ity in Aliphatic

Electrophilic Sub sti tu tion Y Halogenation of Al de hydes and Ke tones Y Halogenation of Carboxylic Ac ids and Acyl halides Y Halogenation of

Sulfoxides and Sul fones Y Aliphatic Diazonium Cou pling Y Diazo Trans fer Re ac tion Y Nitrosation at Car bon (C-Nitrosation) Y Nitrosation at Ni tro gen

(N-Nitrosation) Y Ar o matic Electrophilic Sub sti tu tion Y Arenium Ion Mech a nism Y Ni tra tion Y Sul fo na tion Y Halogenation Y Friedel-Crafts

Re ac tion Y Ori en ta tion and Re ac tiv ity in Monosubstituted Ben zene Y The Ortho-Para Ra tio Y Ori en ta tion in Ben zene Rings with more than one

Substituent Y Ori en ta tion in other Ring Sys tems Y IPSO At tack Y A Quan ti ta tive Treat ment of Re ac tiv ity Y Some Im por tant Name Re ac tions In volv ing

Ar o matic Electrophilic Sub sti tu tion Mech a nism Y Ar o matic Nucleophilic Sub sti tu tion Y ArSN1 Re ac tion (Ar o matic Sub sti tu tion Nucleophilic

Unimolecular) Y ArSN 2 Re ac tion (Ar o matic Sub sti tu tion Nucleophilic Bi mo lec u lar) or SNAr Re ac tion Y The Benzyne Mech a nism Y SRN1 Mech a nism Y

Fac tors Af fect ing Re ac tiv ity in Ar o matic Nucleophilic Sub sti tu tion Y Some Im por tant Name Re ac tions In volv ing Nucleophilic Sub sti tu tion Mech a nism Y

Free Rad i cal Re ac tions Y Types of Free Rad i cal Re ac tions Y Free Rad i cal Mech a nism Y Free Rad i cal Sub sti tu tion Mech a nism Y Free Rad i cal

Mech a nism at an Ar o matic Sub strate Y Neigh bour ing Group As sis tance in Free Rad i cal Re ac tions Y Re ac tiv ity Y Al lyl ic Halogenation Y Ox i da tion of

Al de hydes to Carboxylic Ac ids Y Autoxidation Y For ma tion of Cy clic Ethers Y Cou pling of Al kynes Y Arylation of Ar o matic Com pounds by Diazonium Salts

Y Hunsdiecker Re ac tion Y Chloro Sul fo na tion (Reed Re ac tion) Y Free Rad i cal Re ar range ment Y Ad di tion to Car bon-Car bon Mul ti ple Bonds

Y Electrophilic Ad di tion to Car bon-Car bon Dou ble Bond Y Ori en ta tion and Regioselectivity Y Stereochemistry of Ad di tion Re ac tions Y Ad di tion of

Hy dro gen Halides: Markovnikov's Rule Y Re ar range ments in Ionic Electrophilic Ad di tion Re ac tions Y Ad di tion of Bro mine and Chlo rine to Alkenes

Y Acid Catalysed Hydration Y Oxymercuration-Demercuration Y Hydroboration Y Cat a lytic Hy dro ge na tion Y Hydroxylation of Alkenes

Y Epoxidation of Alkenes Y Nucleophilic Ad di tion Y Free Rad i cal Ad di tion Y Ad di tion to Cyclopropane Ring Y Hy dro ge na tion of Ar o matic Rings

Y Ad di tion to Car bon-Het ero Mul ti ple Bonds Y Mech a nism and Re ac tiv ity Y Aldol Re ac tion Y Rob in son Annulation Re ac tion Y Knoevenagel

8

–Aditi Singhal302–02 (B) Advanced Organic Chemistry

Re ac tion Y Perkin Re ac tion Y Stobbe Con den sa tion Y Mannich Re ac tion Y Ben zoin Con den sa tion Y Re duc tion of Car bonyl Com pounds by Metal

Hy drides Y Nucleophilic Ad di tion Re ac tion of Car bonyl Com pounds with Grig nard Re agents Y Ad di tion of Organolithium Re agents to Car bonyl

Com pounds Y Ad di tion of Organozinc Re agents to Car bonyl Com pounds Y Reformatsky Re ac tion Y Wittig Re ac tion Y Claisen Es ter Con den sa tion

Y Dieckmann Con den sa tion Y Elim i na tion Re ac tions Y The E2 (Elim i na tion Bi mo lec u lar) Re ac tion Y The E1 (Elim i na tion Unimolecular) Re ac tion Y

E1cB Re ac tion Y Com par i son be tween E1, E2 and E1cB Re ac tions Y Pyrolytic SYN-Elim i na tion or Ei Elim i na tion (Elim i na tion In ter nal) Y De hy dra tion

of Al co hols Y Dehalogenation of Vic i nal Dihalides Y Pe ter son Re ac tion Y Pericyclic Re ac tions Y Types of Pericyclic Re ac tions Y Stereochemistry of

Pericyclic Re ac tions Y The o ret i cal ba sis of Pericyclic Re ac tions Y Sym me try in Lin ear Con ju gated π-Sys tems Y Sym me try in Allyl and

2,4-Pentadienyl Sys tems Y Fron tier Mo lec u lar Or bital Ap proach Y Ex cited States Y Hückel-Mobius (H-M) Method (PMO Method) Y Electrocyclic

Re ac tions: FMO Method Y Cycloaddition Re ac tions Y 1, 3-Dipolar Cycloadditions Y |2 + 2| Ad di tion of Ke tenes Y Chelotropic Re ac tions Y

Sigmatropic Re ar range ment Y Other Sigmatropic Re ar range ments Y Hückel-Mobius Method in Sigmatropic Re ar range ments Y Mod i fied and

De gen er ate Cope Re ar range ment and Flux ion al Mol e cules Y Group Transfer Reactions.

Y Car bo hy drates Y No men cla ture and Clas si fi ca tion Y Gen eral Re ac tions of Monosaccharides Y Some Interconversions and As cend ing and

De scend ing in Monosaccharides Y Con fig u ra tion of Monosaccharides Y Ring Struc ture of Aldoses (Glu cose) Y Con ven tions for In di cat ing Ring size of

Monosaccharides Y De ter mi na tion of the Size of the Ring Y Ring Struc ture of Ketoses (Fruc tose) Y Pro jec tion For mu las for Monosaccharides Y

Con fig u ra tion at the Anomeric Cen tre Y Relationshiop Be tween Configuration and Mo lec u lar Ro ta tion Y Con forma tions of Monosaccharides Y Some

Im por tant Monosaccharides Y Glycosides Y In tro duc tion Y Nat u ral Glyucosides Y De ter mi na tion of Struc ture of glycosides Y Disaccharides Y

De ter mi na tion of the Struc ture of Disaacharides Y Tri sac cha rides Y Tetrasaccharides (Stachyose) Y Poly sac cha rides No men cla ture Struc ture of

Poly sac cha rides Y Lignin and Pec tin Y Lignin Y Pec tin or Pec tic Sub stances Y Me tab o lism of Car bo hy drates Y Stor age of Car bo hy drates Y Oxidartion Y

Amino Ac ids and Pro teins Y Clas si fi ca tion of Amino ac ids Y Syn the sis of Amino ac ids Y Gen eral Phys i cal Prop er ties of Amino ac ids Y Chem i cal

prop er ties of Amino ac ids Y Polypeptides Y Syn the sis of Polypeptides Y Gen eral Prin ci ples of Polypeptide Syn the sis Y Gen eral Meth ods of Polypeptides

Syn the sis Y Gen eral Syn the sis of Nat u rally Occuring Peptides Y Nam ing a Polypeptide Y Struc ture of Polypeptides Y Amino-end Deg ra da tion Y

Car boxyl-end Deg ra da tion Y Pro teins Y Char ac ter is tics of Pro teins Y Uses of Proteins Y Clas si fi ca tion of Proteins Y Com po si tion of Proteins Y Struc ture of

Proteins Y Pri mary Struc ture Y Sec ond ary Struc ture Y Teritary Struc ture Y Quatermary Struc ture Y Al ka loids Y Oc cur rence Y Func tions of Al ka loids

Y No men cla ture Y Clas si fi ca tion Y Iso la tion Y Prop er ties Y De ter mi na tion of Mo lec u lar Struc ture of Al ka loids Y Phenylethylamine Al ka loids Y

Pyridine or Piperidine Alkaloids Y Pyridine-Pyrrolidine Alkaloids Y Tropane Alkaloids Y Quinoline Al ka loids Y Isoquinoline Al ka loids Y

Phenanthrene Al ka loids Y Indole Al ka loids Y Tropolone Alakaloids Y Terpenoids Y Occurence Y Iso la tion Y Clas si fi ca tion Y Gen eral

Char ac ter is tics of Terpenoids Y Structural Features of Terpenoids of Isoprene Rule Y De ter mi na tion of Struc ture of Terpenoids Y

Hemiterpenoids Y Monoterpenoids or Terpenes Y Acy clic Monoterpenoids Y Cyclization Re ac tions of Acy clic Monoterpenoids Y Monocyclic

Monoterpoenoids Y Bicyclic Monoterpenoids Y Sesquiterpenoids Y Acycyilc Sesquiterpenoids Y Monocyclic Sesquiterpenoids Y Monocylic

Sesquiterpenoids Y Bicyclic Sesquiterpenoids Y Tricyclic Sesquiterpenoids Y Diterpenoids Y Triterpenoids Y Polynuclear Ar o matic

Hy dro car bons Y Iso lated Sys tem or Polyphenyl com pounds Y Con densed Ring Sys tem Y Carcinogenic Hydrocarbons Y Cancer Y Discovery

of Carcinogenic Hydrocarbons Y Car ci no genic Ac tiv ity and Struc ture Y Can cer Che mo ther apy Y Nat u ral Dyes Y Dye ing Y Indigotin Y

Aliz a rin Y Pur ines Y Syn the sis of Pur ines Y Clas si fi ca tion of Pur ines Y Uric acid Y Xanthine Y Caf feine Y Theobromine Y Theophylline Y

Hypoxanthine Y Re la tion ship Be tween Uric acid and Xanthine Bases Y Pe tro leum Y Crack ing Y Thermnal Crack ing Y Cat a lytic Crack ing Y

Re form ing Y Prop er ties of Mo tor and Avi a tion Fu els Y Pet ro chem i cals Y Raw Ma te ri als for Pet ro chem i cals Y Pro duc tion of Pet ro chem i cals

from Olefins and Acet y lene Y Pro duc tion of Pet ro chem i cals from Al kanes and Cycloalkanes Y Pro duc tion of Pet ro chem i cals from Ar o matic

Hy dro car bons Y Syn thetic Petrol Y Bergius process Y Fisher-Tropsch Pro cess.

Y Vi ta mins Y Dis cov ery Y Clas si fi ca tion and no men cla ture of vi ta mins Y Provitamins of Pre cur sors Y Bi o log i cal Func tion (Phys i o log i cal Func tion) of the

Vi ta mins Y Axerophthol; Vitamin A1, Vi ta min A or Retinol Y Vi ta min A2, or 3-Dehydroretinol Y Vitamin B com plex Y Vitamin C or L-Ascorbic acid

(Cevitamin, Hexuronic acid or Antiscorbutic fac tor) Y Vttamin D Y Vi ta min E (Tocopherols) Y Vi ta min K Y Vitamin P(Citrin) Y Antivitamins Y

An ti bi ot ics Y The Penicillins Y Cephalosporin C Y Streptomycin Y Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin) Y Tetracyclines Y Nat u ral Pig ments Y

Classification Y Carotenoids Y Isolation and separation of carotenoids Y General properties of carotenoids Y Principal methods in elucidating the

constitution of carotenoids Y Functions of carotenoids Y Classification of carotenoids Y Anthocyanins; Introduction Y lsolation of anthyocyanins

9

–O. P. Agarwal279–45 Organic Chemistry Natural Products – Vol. I

–O. P. Agarwal280–43 Organic Chemistry Natural Products – Vol. II

Y De ter mi na tion of the structure of anthocyanins Y General methods for the synthesis of anthocyanidins Y Func tions of the anthocyanins Y

Leucoanthocyanidins and Lucoanthyocanins Y Col our of the anthocyanins Y Fla vones and Flavones and Flavonols : In tro duc tion Y Isolation Y General

prop er ties Y Basic struc ture of flavones and flavonols Y Gen eral meth ods for de ter mi na tion of the struc ture of flavones taking flavone as an example Y

Determination of the structure of flavonols Quercetin Y Struc tural re la tion ship be tween flavonols (quercetin), anthocyanidins (cyanidin chloride) and

catechins Y Biogenetic re la tion ship between flavonols, anthocyanidins and cathechins Y Isoflavones Y Xanthones Y Structural re la tion between

(Dihydroflavone) isoflavonol, flavonol and xanthone Y Quinone pig ments Y Pyrrole pig ments : In tro duc tion Y Porphyrins Y Gen eral prop er ties of

porphyrins Y Determination of the structure of porphyrin Y General meth ods for synthesising prophyrins Y Isomerism in porphyrins Y Re la tion be tween

chlo ro phyll and haemin Y Ste roids and Hor mones Y Ste roids : In tro duc tion Y Diel’s Hy dro car bon Y Ster ols Y Bile-ac ids: lntroduction Y

Cardio-active principles Y Toad poi sons Y Saponins Y Ste roid alkaloids Y Hormones Y Classification Y Sex hormones Y Adrenol cortical hormones Y

Non-ste roid hormones Y Plant hormones Y Lipids Y Sim ple lipids Y Componud lipids Y Pur ines, Py rimi dines and Nu cleic Ac ids Y Purines Y

Pyrimidines Y Nu cleic acids : Introudctioin Y Isolation of nu cleic acids Y Structure of nucleic acids Y Functions of nucleic acids Y Ge netic code Y Difference

be tween DNA md RNA Y Viruses Y En zymes, Co-en zymes and Fer men ta tion Y Nomenclature and clas si fi ca tion of en zymes Y Properties of en zymes

Y Chem i cal na ture of the en zymes Y Mech a nism of en zyme action Y Synthetic approach of en zyme Y Fementation Y Biosynthesis of Some Nat u ral

Products Y Biosynthesis of carbohydrates or Photosynthesis Y Biosynthesis of lipids Y Biosynthesis of amino ac ids Y Biosynthesis of Terpenoids Y

Biosynthesis of ste roids Y Biosynthesis of other isoprenoid units Y Biosynthesis of al ka loids Y Biosynthesis of nu cleic ac ids Y Chem i cal Tests of some

Group of Nat u ral Prod ucts Y Car bo hy drates Y α −Amino Ac ids Y Flavonoids Y Vi ta min A Y Ste roids.

Y Atomic Structure Y Shells, Sub-shells and Orbitals Y Quan tum Num bers Y Shapes of Atomic Orbitals Y Dis tri bu tion of Elec trons Y Wave Na ture of

Elec tron Y The Co va lent Bond Y Types of Bonds Y The o ries of Co va lent Bond For ma tion Y Sigma (σ) and Pi ( )π Bonds Y Char ac ter is tics of a Co va lent

Bond Y Electronic Dis place ments in Co va lent bond Y In duc tive Ef fect Y Inductometric (Inductomeric) Ef fect Y Mesomeric and Res o nance Ef fect Y

Electromeric Ef fect Y Res o nance Y Hyperconjugation Y Tau tom er ism Y In tro duc tion Y Clas si fi ca tion Y Open sys tem of tau tom er ism Y Dyad sys tem Y

Ring-chain tautomerism Y Va lence tau tom er ism Y Hy dro gen Bond ing Y Types of Hy dro gen Bond ing Y Ef fect of Hy dro gen Bond ing Y Hy dro gen

Bond ing in Bi o log i cal Sys tem Y Prop er ties of Hy dro gen Bonds Y The Na ture of Hy dro gen Bond ing Y Stereochemistry Y The Tet ra he dral Car bon Y

Types of Stereoisomerism Y Op ti cal isomerism Y Cause of op ti cal ac tiv ity (chirality) in the mol e cule Y Op ti cal ac tiv ity is a prop erty of asym met ric (chiral)

mol e cule Y Op ti cal isomerism due to chiral car bon atom Y Op ti cal isomerism in com pounds con tain ing no chiral car bon atom Y Racemic mod i fi ca tion Y

Prop er ties of racemic mod i fi ca tion Y Res o lu tion or Sep a ra tion of racemic mod i fi ca tion Y Asym met ric syn the sis (Asym met ric in duc tion) Y Stereochemical

syn the sis Y Stereochemistry and re ac tion mech a nism Y Con fig u ra tion Y Syn the sis of op ti cally ac tive com pounds Y Geo met ri cal isomerism Y Geo met ri cal

isomerism due to C C= bond Y Fur ther no men cla ture of geo met ri cal iso mers Y De ter mi na tion of con fig u ra tion of geo met ri cal iso mers Y Intercomversion

(stereomutation) of geo met ri cal iso mers Y Stereochemistry of cycloparaffins Y Op ti cal isomerism in ni tro gen com pounds Y Geo met ri cal isomerism in

ni tro gen com pounds Y Stereochemistry of Sul phur Y Stereochemistry of Phos pho rus Y Stereochemistry of Ar senic Com pounds Y Alicyclic

Com pounds Y No men cla ture Y Clas si fi ca tion Y Syn the sis of alicyclic com pounds Y Gen eral Prop er ties Y Baeyer strain the ory Y Lim i ta tion of Baeyer

strain the ory Or More re cent views on the strain the ory (Puck ered or strainless rings) Y Ev i dence in fa vour of strainless or puck ered the ory Y Rel a tive

sta bil ity of cycloalkanes in terms of M.O. the ory or or bital pic ture of an gle strain Y Me dium ring com pounds Y Large ring com pounds (Macrocyclic

com pounds) Y Nat u ral com pounds with large rings Y Biosynthesis of civetone and mus cone Y Conformational Anal y sis Y Con for ma tion Y

Con for ma tions of cyc lo hex ane Y Con for ma tions of fused ring com pounds Y Con for ma tions of other ring sys tems Y Con for ma tions and chem i cal

re ac tiv ity of Y Pericyclic Re ac tions Y Mech a nism and stereochemistry of pericyclic re ac tions Y Types of pericyclic re ac tions Y ( )4 2+ Cycloadditions Y

( )2 2+ Cycloadditions Y Electrocyclic re ac tions Y Ex pla na tion of Wood ward-Hoffmann rule and or bital sym me try Y Sigmatropic re ar range ment Y Steric

Ef fects in Or ganic Chem is try Y Steric ef fects in sub sti tu tion re ac tions in aliphatic com pounds Y Steric ef fects in sub sti tu tion re ac tions in ar o matic

com pounds Y Steric ef fects in elim i na tion re ac tions Y Steric ef fects in ad di tion re ac tions Y Steric in hi bi tion of res o nance Y Gen eral As pects Y Types of

or ganic re ac tions Y Clas si fi ca tions of re agents Y Mech a nism of or ganic re ac tions Y Re ac tion in ter me di ates Y Energetics of or ganic re ac tions Y Ac ids and

bases Y Strength of ac ids and bases Y Free-Rad i cal Re ac tions Y Sta ble free-rad i cals or free-redicals of long-life Y Short-lived or tran sient free-rad i cals Y

Con fig u ra tion of free rad i cals Y De tec tion of free rad i cals Y Mech a nism of free rad i cal re ac tions Y Ap pli ca tions of free rad i cals Y Biradicals Y Metal Ketyls Y

Ad di tion Re ac tions (Unsaturation and Con ju ga tion) Y Compounds con tain ing only one un sat u rated cen tre Y Com pounds con tain ing more than

one un sat u rated cen tre Y Elim i na tion Re ac tions Y Mech a nism of β − elim i na tion Y Mech a nism of α − elim i na tion Y E2 vs E1 Y Elim i na tion vs

Sub sti tu tion Y Sub sti tu tion or Dis place ment Re ac tions Y Nucleophilic sub sti tu tion in aliphatic sys tem Y The SN 2 Mech a nism Y The S

N1

Mech a nism Y Stereochemistry of SN re ac tions Y Fac tors in flu enc ing the mech a nism of nucleophilic sub sti tu tion re ac tions Y Dis tinc tion be tween SN 2

and SN1 re ac tions Y Nucleophilic sub sti tu tion with com pete re ten tion of con fig u ra tion Y Neigh bour ing group par tic i pa tion and re ten tion of con fig u ra tion

Y Electrophilic sub sti tu tion re ac tions in aliphatic sys tem Y Ar o matic sub sti tu tion Y Electrophilic ar o matic sub sti tu tion Y Sub sti tu tion in the

10

–O. P. Agarwal281–53 Organic Chemistry Reactions & Reagents

monosubstituted benzenes Y Ori ent ing in flu ence on the ba sis of elec tronic the ory Y The ory of re ac tiv ity and ori en ta tion based on carbocation

( )σ − Complex sta bil ity Y The ory of ori en ta tion and carbocation sta bil ity Y En ergy di a gram for electrophilic ar o matic sub sti tu tion re ac tions Y Ortho-para

ra tio Y Electrophilic sub sti tu tion in other ar o matic spe cies Y Nucleophilic ar o matic sub sti tu tion Y Free-rad i cal ar o matic sub sti tu tion Y Mo lec u lar

Re ar range ments Y Re ar range ments to elec tron de fi cient at oms (Nucleophilic rearrangements) Y Re ar range ments to elec tron rich atom (Electrophilic

re ar range ments) Y Re ar range ments (mi gra tion) to free rad i cal spe cies (Free-rad i cal re ar range ments) Y Ar o matic re ar range ments Y Esterification and

Hy dro ly sis Y Def i ni tion Y Mech a nism Y Transesterfication or es ter in ter change Y Steric hinderance in esterification and hy dro ly sis Y Benzenoid and

Non-Benzenoid Ar o matic Com pounds Y Struc ture of ben zene Y Con cept of ar o matic char ac ter (Aro ma tici ty) Y Antiaromaticity Y Aro ma tici ty and

nu clear mag netic res o nance Y Non-Benzenoid ar o matic com pounds Y Com par i son of re ac tiv i ties of ar o matic sys tem Y Heterocylic Com pounds Y

Clas si fi ca tion and no men cla ture Y Im por tance of heterocyclic com pounds Y Five-membered rings con tain ing one het ero-atom Y Benzo-con densed

pyrroles, fu rans and thiophenes Y Six-membered rings con tain ing one ni tro gen atom Y Six-membered rings with one ox y gen atom Y Benzo con densed

py ri dines and py rones Y Five-memberd rings con tain ing two het ero at oms (Az oles) Y Six-membered rings con tain ing two het ero atoms (Az ines) Y Some

Re ac tions of Syn thetic Im por tance Y Aldol Con den sa tion Y Arndt Eistert Syn the sis Y Baeyer-Villiger Re ac tion Y Bischler-Napieralski Syn the sis Y

Cannizzaro Re ac tion Y Claisen Con den sa tion Y Claisen-Schmidt or Claisen Re ac tion Y Dakin Re ac tion Y Darzen Con den sa tion Y Dicekmann Re ac tion Y

Diel’s-Al der Re ac tion, Diene Syn the sis Y Elbs Per sul phate Ox i da tion Y Fischer-Indole Syn the sis Y Fittig Re ac tion Y Friedal Craft Re ac tions Y

Knoevenagel Re ac tion Y Leuckart Re ac tion Y Mannich Re ac tion Y Meerwein Ponndorf-Verley Re duc tion Y Mi chael Re ac tion Y Oppenauer Ox i da tion Y

Pechmann Re ac tion Y Perkin Re ac tion Y Reformatsky Re ac tion Y Reimer-Tiemann Re ac tion Y Sommelet Re ac tion Y Ullmann Re ac tion Y Willgerdot

Re ac tion Y Wittig Re ac tion Y Wolf-Kishner Re duc tion Y Some Re agents of Syn thetic Im por tance Y Alu minium isopropoxide Y Alu minium t −butoxide Y An hy drous alu minium chlo ride Y Bo ron tri fluor ide Y N-Bromosucinimide (NBS) Y Diazoacetic es ter Y Dia zo me thane Y

Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Y Gi rard re agents Y Lead tetra-ac e tate Y Liq uid am mo nia Y Lith ium alu minium hy dride Y Os mium tetroxide Y Ozone

Y Perbenzoic acid Y Pe ri odic acid Y Plat i num and pal la dium cat a lysts Y Polyphosphoric acid Y Raney nickel Y Se le nium Y Se le nium di ox ide Y Sodamide

Y So dium borohydride Y Trifluoroacetic acid Y Syn thetic Ap pli ca tions of Acetylenic Com pounds Y Metal acetylides Y Car bon ation Y Cou pling

re ac tions Y Organometallic and Organofluorine Com pounds Y Organolithium com pounds Y Organocadmium com pounds Y Organoaluminium

com pounds Y Organofluorine com pounds Y Or ganic Photochemistry Y The Jabolnski Di a gram Y Typ i cal Photo Re ac tions.

Y Syn thetic Dyes Y Dye stuff In ter me di ates Y Struc tural Fea tures of a Dye Y Bathochromic and Hypsochromic Ef fects Y No men cla ture of Dyes Y Uses of

Dyes Y Clas si fi ca tion of Dyes Y Ni tro Dyes Y Nitroso Dyes Y Azo Dyes Y Diphenylmethance Dyes Y Triphenylmethane Dyes Y Phathaleins Y Xan thenes Y

Heterocyclic Dyes Y Anthraquinone Dyes Y Indigoids Y Sul phur Dyes Y Phthalocyanines Y Flu o res cent Bright en ing Agents Y Col our and Chem i cal

Con sti tu tion Y Syn thetic Drugs Y Char ac ter is tics of a Drug Y Some Def i ni tion used in Drug Chem is try Y Clas si fi ca tion of Drugs Y Mech a nism of

Chemotherapeutic Ac tion Y Ab sorp tion of Drugs Y Iso ster ism Y Re la tion of Chem i cal Struc ture and Phys i o log i cal Activity Y As say of Drugs Y Me tal lic

Ther a peu tics Y Antimalarials Y Sulphonamides, Sul pha Drugs or Antibacterials Y An ti bi ot ics Y Antiprotozoal Agents Y Antifungal Agents Y Anthelmintics

Y An ti sep tics Y Antitubercular Drugs Y Anti-Leprotic Drugs Y Anti-Can cer Agents Y Drugs Act ing on the Cen tral Ner vous Sys tem Y Drugs Act ing on

Pe riph eral Ner vous Sys tem Y Chardiovascular drugs Y Di uret ics Y Antipyretics and An al ge sics Y An ti his ta mines Y An ti co ag u lants Y Drugs Used in

Di a be tes Y In sec ti cides Y In or ganic In sec ti cides Y Nat u ral (Plant) In sec ti cides Y Synthetic Or ganic In sec ti cides Y Syn thetic In sec ti cides Y Fu mi gants Y

At trac tants Y In sect Re pel lents Y Syn thetic Poly mers Y Phys i cal Prop er ties of the Poly mers Y Types of Poly meri sa tion Y Co pol y mers Y

Co poly mer isa tion Y Phase Sys tem for Poly meri sa tion Y Clas si fi ca tion Y Fi bers Y Plas tics and Res ins Y Syn thetic De ter gents Y An ionic Sur face

Ac tive Agents Y Cationic Sur face Ac tive Agents Y Non-Ionic Sur face Ac tive agents Y Build ers for De ter gents Y Syn thetic Per fumes Y Ve hi cle or

Sol vent Y Fix a tive Y Odor ous Sub stances Y Ex plo sives Y Clas si fi ca tion Y Ni tro Ex plo sives Y Ni tric Es ters Y Nitramides Y Ni tra mines Y

Guanidine Explosive Y Diazo Compounds.

Section–A: Acyloin Condensation Y Alder-Ene Reaction Y Aldol Condensation Y Allylic Rearrangement Y Arbuzov Reaction Y Arndt-Eistert

Homologation Y Azo Coupling Y Baeyer Test for Unsaturation Y Baeyer-Villiger Oxidation Y Baker-Venkataraman Rearrangement Y Baltz-Schiemann

Reaction Y Barbier-Wieland Reaction or Barbier-Grignard Reaction Y Bart Reaction Y Barton Decarboxylation Y Barton-Mc Combie Reaction

(Barton Desoxigenation) Y Barton Reaction Y Beckmann Rearrangement Y Benzidine Rearrangement Y Benzilic Acid Rearrangement

Y Benzoin Condensat ion Y Birch Reduct ion Y Bischler-Napieral sk i Synthesis Y Bouveault -Blane Reduction Y Brady’s Reagent

11

–O. P. Agarwal282–15 (B) Synthetic Organic Chemistry

–Gurdeep Raj284–03 (B) Organic Name Reactions and Molecular Rearrangements

Y Brown Hydroboration Y Bucherer Reaction Y Cannizzaro's Reaction Y Carbylamine Reaction Y Chichibabin Reaction Y Claisen

Condensation Y Claisen Rearrangement Y Claisen-Schmidt Reaction or Claisen Reaction Y Clemmensen Reduction Y Cope Elimination

Y Cope Rearrangement/(Anionic) Oxy-Cope Rearrangement Y Corey-Bakshi-Shibata Reduction Y Corey-Fuchs Reaction

Y Corey-House Synthesis or Reaction Y Corey-Kim Oxidation Y Corey-Winter Olefin Synthesis Y Criegee Reaction Y Cumene

Hydroperoxide Rearrangement Y Curtius Rearrangement or Curtius Reaction Y Dakin Reaction Y Darzen Condensation Y Diazotisation

Y Diekmann's Reaction or Condensation Y Diels-Alder Reaction Y Dienone-Phenol Rearrangement Y Elbs Persulphate Oxidation Y Elbs

Reaction Y Emde Degradation Y Ene Reaction or Alder-Ena Reaction Y Eschweiler-Clarke Reaction Y Etard Oxidation Y Favorskii Rearrangeent

Y Fehling's Test (Benedict's Test) Y Fischer Indole Synthesis Y Fitting Reaction Y Friedel-Crafts Reaction Y Fries Rearrangement Y Photo-Fries Reaction

Y Gabriel Synthesis Y Gattermann-Koch Synthesis Y Gattermann Reaction or Gattermann's Aldehyde Synthesis Y Gomberg Reaction Y Grignard

Reaction/(Grignard Reagents) Y Haloform Reaction Y Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Reaction (HVZ Reaction) Y Hoesch's Reaction Y Hoffmann

Elimination Y Hoffmann-Loffler-Freytag Reactions Y Hoffmann Martius Rearrangement Y Hoffmann Mustard Oil Reaction Y Hoffmann

Reaction, Hoffmann Degradation of Amides or Hoffmann Rearrangement Y Hopkin's Cole Reaction Y Houben-Hoesch Reaction Y Hunsdiecker's

Reaction Y Hydroboration Y Iodoform Reaction or Test Y Knoevenagel Reaction Y Kolbe's Electrolytic Reaction or Method Y Kolbe-Schmidt's

Reaction Y Lederer-Manase Reaction Y Leukart's Reaction Y Liebermann's Nitroso Test, Y Lossen Rearrangement Y Lucas Test Y Malaprade

Reaction Y Malonic Ester Synthesis Y Mannich Reaction Y Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley Reduction Y Michael Reaction Y Mulliken's Test

Y Neber Rearrangement Y Nef Reaction Y Nucleophilic Substitution Y Oppenauer Oxidation Y Orton Rearrangement (Rearrangement of

N-Chloroacetanilide, Orton 1909) Y Pechmann Reaction (Simonis Reaction) Y Perkin's Reaction Y Pinacol Coupling Reaction

Y Pinacol-Pinacolone Rearrangement (Pinacol Rearrangement) Y Reformatsky Reaction Y Reimer-Tiemann's Reaction Y Ritter Reaction

Y Robinson Annulation Y Ruff Degradation Y Sabatier-Sanderens Reaction Y Sandmeyer Reaction Y Schmidt Reaction Y Schotten- Baumann

Reaction Y Seytzeff’s Rule Y Shapiro Reaction Y Sharpless Dihydroxylation Y Sharpless Epoxidation Y Skraup's Synthesis Y Smiles

Rearrangement Y Sommelet-Hauser Rearrangement Y Sommelet Reaction Y Stephen's Reaction Y Stobbe Reaction or Condensation Y Stork

Enamine Reaction Y Thorpe-Ziegler's Reaction Y Tischenko's Reaction Y Tollen's Reagent Y Tschugaev Reaction Y Ullmann Reaction Y Vilsmeier's

Reaction Y Von Richter Rearrangement Y Wagner-Meerwein Rearrangements Y Williamson's Reaction or Synthesis Y Wittig-Horner Reaction

/ Horne-Wadsworth-Emmons Reaction Y Wittig Reaction Y Wittig Rearrangement Y Wohl Degradation Y Wohl Ziegler Allylic Bromination Y

Wolff-Kishner Reduction Y Wolff Rearrangement Y Wurtz Reaction Y Wurtz-Fittig Reaction Y Zeisel's Method Y Zerewitnoff Method for Active

Hydrogen Y Ziegler's Reaction. Section–B: Aluminium Isopropoxide [(CH ) CHO] Al,3 2 3 Y Baker's Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisie)

Y N - B r om o s u c c i n i m i d e ( N B S ) Y Diazomethane, CH = N = N or CH N2 2 2 Y 2,3-Dichloro-5, 6-dicyano -1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ)

Y N,N-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) Y Fenton's Reagent (H O + Fe )2 22 + Y Gilman Reagents Y Hydrogen Peroxide, H O2 2 Y Lithium

Aluminium Hydride, Li AlH4 Y Lead Tetraacetate, (CH COO) Pb3 4 or Pb (OAc)4 Y Lithium Diisoprophylamide, Y Osmium Tetroxide, Os O4Y Perbenzoic Acid or Peroxibenzoic Acid, C H CO H6 3 3 Y Periodic Acid H IO5 6 or H I O . 2 H O4 2 Y Raney Nickel Y Selenium Dioxide, Se O2Y Sodium Amide or Sodamide, Na N H2 Y Sodium Borohydride, N a B H4 Y Wilkinson's Catalyst, Y Ziegler-Natta Catalysts, Section–C: Multiple

Choice Questions, Answers to Multiple Choice Questions, Y Reasoning Questions Y Problems Based on Organic Name Reactions.

Section–I: Qualitative Analysis Y Systematic Qualitative Analysis of Organic Mixtures Y Separation of Binary Organic Mixture Y

Scheme for the separation of binary mixtures with water Y Scheme for the separation of binary mixtures by organic solvents Y Some typical

examples of the separation of binary mixtures Y Scheme for the separation of water insoluble mixtures Y Scheme for the separation of water soluble

mixtures Y Solubility groups of organic compounds Y Preliminary Investigations Y Physical stage and colour Y Odour Y Ignition Y Ignition on

china porcelain Y Action of 20% sodium hydroixide solution Y Action of hot conc. sulphuric acid Y Reaction with ferric chloride Y Action of

potassium permanganate Y Tests of Elements Y Preparation of Lassaigne’s extract Y Beilstein’s test for halogens Y Soda lime test for nitrogen Y

Detection of Functional Groups Y Carboxylic acids Y Acid anhydrides Y Phenols Y Alcohols Y Carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and Ketones)

YCarbohydrates Y Esters Y Ethers Y Aliphatic primary amines Y Aromatic primary amines Y Aromatic primary diamines Y Aliphatic and aromatic

secondary amines Y Tertiary amines Y Anilides Y Amino acids Y Aliphatic nitro compounds Y Aromatic nitro Compounds Y Nitroanilines Y Amides

and Imides Y Sulphonic acids Y Thioureas Y Sulphonamides Y Hydrocarbons Y Purines Y Alkaloids Y Determination of the Melting and Boiling

Points Y Melting point Y Determination of the melting point Y Mixed melting point Y Boiling point Y Determination of boiling point Y Derivatives and

their Preparations Y Derivatives of carboxyylic acids Y Derivatives of anhydrides Y Derivatives of phenolic hydroxy groups Y Derivatives of alcohols Y

Derivatives of esters Y Derivatives of aldehydes and ketones Y Derivatives of carbohydrates Y Derivatives of primary and secondary amines Y Derivatives

of tertiary amines Y De riv a tives of amino ac ids Y De riv a tives of ni tro com pounds Y De riv a tives of amides, im ides and anilides Y De riv a tives of

N-Sub sti tuted amides Y De riv a tives of sulphonic ac ids Y Derivatives of sulphonamides Y De riv a tives of hy dro car bons Y List of Or ganic Com pounds

12

–O. P. Agarwal283–31 Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry

and their De riv a tives Y Sol ids Y Phe nols Y Al co hols Y Un sat u rated Carboxylic Ac ids Y Satutated Carboxylic Ac ids Y Acid An hy drides Y Aliphatic

Hydroxy Ac ids Y Phenotic Ac ids Y Al de hydes Y Ke tones Y Qui nones Y Car bo hy drates Y Hy dro car bons Y Aliphatic Pri mary Amines Y Ar o matic

Pri mary Amines Y Aliphatic Sec ond ary Amines Y Ar o matic Sec ond ary Amines Y Aliphatic Ter tiary Amines Y Ar o matic Ter tiary Amines Y Sim ple

Amides and Im ides Y Anilides Y Amino Ac ids (Aliphatic) Y Ar o matic Amino Ac ids Y Amino Phe nols Y Ar o matic Ni tro Hy dro car bons Y Nitrophenols Y

Nitrocarboxylic Ac ids Y Nitrocarboxylic amides and Ni tro-anilides Y Nitroanilines Y Sulphonic ac ids Y Sub sti tuted Sulphonic Ac ids Y Thioureas Y

Sim ple Sulphonamides Y Amino Sulphonic Ac ids Y Ni tro Sulphonic Ac ids Y Ar o matic Chloro Hy dro car bons Y Ar o matic Bromo Hy dro car bons Y

Ar o matic Iodo Hy dro car bons Y Aliphatic Chloro Hy dro car bons Y Aliphatic Iodo Hy dro car bons Y Halgeno Al de hydes and Halogeno Ke tones Y

Halogeno Amines Y Ni tro Halo gens Y Halogenated Phe nols Y Aliphatic Halogeno Ac ids Y Ar o matic Halogeno Ac ids Y Pur ines Y Liq uids Y Phe nols Y

Al co hols Y Aliphatic and Ar o matic un sat u rated carboxylic ac ids Y Sat u rated carboxylic ac ids Y Al de hydes Y ke tones Y Acid an hy drides Y

Hy dro car bons Y Aliphatic pri mary amines Y Ar o matic pri mary amines Y Aliphatic sec ond ary amines Y Ar o matic sec ond ary amines Y Aliphatic ter tiary

amines Y Ar o matic ter tiary amines Y Ar o matic ni tro hy dro car bons Y Ar o matic chloro hy dro car bons Y Ariomatic bromo hy dro car bons Y Ar o matic iodo

hy dro car bons Y Halogeno al de hydes Y Halogeno amines Y Ni tro halogeno Y Halogeno phe nols Y Aliphatic halogeno ac ids Y Sec tion–II:

Quan ti ta tive Anal y sis Y Quan ti ta tive Or ganic Anal y sis Y Es ti ma tion of ni tro gen Y Es ti ma tion of sul phur Y Es ti ma tion of halo gens Y Es ti ma tion

of methoxy group Y Es ti ma tion of ethoxy group Y Es ti ma tion of C-methyl group Y Es ti ma tion of O–and N–acety; groups Y Es ti ma tion of carbopxyl

group Y Es ti ma tion of hydroxyl group Y Es ti ma tion of amino group Y Es ti ma tion of car bonyl group Y Es ti ma tion of unsaturation Y Es ti ma tion of

an i line Y Es ti ma tion of phe nol glycination Y Eq. wt. of an amine Y Es ti ma tion of glu cose Y Es ti ma tion of form al de hyde Y Anal y sis of oils and fats Y

De ter mi na tion of mo lec u lar weight Y Sec tion–III: Or ganic Prep a ra tions Y Prep a ra tions Y Iso la tion of caf feine from the tea leaves Y Iso la tion of

casin and lac tose from milk Y Prep a ra tion of glucose from cane sugar Y Isolation of hippuric acid from urine Y Preparation of cystine from human hair

List of some two Stage PreparationsY List of Some Three Stage Preparations Y Common laboratory Reagents.

Y Terpenoids and Carotinoids Y Terpenoids Y Carotinoids Y Alkaloids Y Properties Y Occurrence Y Role of Alkaloids in Plants Y Nomenclature Y

Classification Y Isolation of Alkaloids Y General Methods of Structure Elucidation Y Ephedrine Y Conine Y Nicotine Y Atropine Y Quinine Y

Morphine Y Biosynthesis Y Steroids Y Nomenclature of Steroids Y Classification Y Basic Skeleton Y Stereochemistry Y Diel's Hydrocarbon Y

Bile-Acids Y Cholesterol Y Progesterone Y Testosterone Y Androsterone Y Aldosterone Y Estrone Y Bio-Synthesis of Steroids Y Plant

Pigments Y Classification Y Flavones Y Anthocyanins Y Relationship between Anthocyamins and Flavones Y Biosynthesis of Flavonoids

Y Porphyrins (Pyrrole-Pigments) Y Haemoglobin Y Haemin Y Chlorophyll Y Prostaglandins Y Occurrence Y Isolation Y Nomenclature and

Classification Y Configuration in the Ring and Side Chain Y Biogenesis Y Prostaglandin Catabolism Y Physiological Effects Y Synthesis of P GE2and P GEza Y Pyrethroids and Rotenones Y Pyrethroids Y Rotenones.

Y Re agents Y Organome tal lic Re agents Y Gen eral Meth ods of Prep a ra tion of Organo Me tal lic Com pounds Y Gen eral Char ac ter is tics of Organometallic

Com pounds Y Organolithium Com pounds Y Organomagnesium Com pounds Y Organomercury Com pounds Y Or ganic Zinc Com pounds Y Organo

Cad mium Com pounds Y Organo Boranes Y Organo Sil anes Y Sul phur Con tain ing Re agents Y Organometallic Com pounds of Tran si tion Met als Y

Organo Cop per Re agents Y Organo Pal la dium Re agents Y Organo Nickel Re agents Y Organo Iron Com pounds Y Organo Co balt Com pounds Y Organo

Rho dium Com plexes Y Organo Chro mium Com pounds Y Organotitanium Com pounds Y Other Re agents Y Alu minium Isopropoxide

[( ) ]CH CHO Al, m.p. 1183 2 3 ° Y Alu minium t-Butoxide [( ) ]CH CO Al3 3 3 Y Dia zo me thane (I) CH N N CH N N2

+

I

+== == ↔ ≡

( )—2 Y Diisobutyl

Alu minium Hy dride [DIBAH, DIBAL, DIBA-IH, DIBAL-H] Y Lead Tetra-ac e tate Pb(OCOCH3)4 Y Lith ium Alu minium Hy dride Y Lith ium

Diisopropylamide, LDA Y Os mium Tetroxide Y Pe ri odic Acid, H IO5 6 Y Periodates Y Prevost Re agent (Sil ver Iododibenzoate) Y Se le nium Di ox ide, SeO2Y So dium Borohydride, NaBH4 Y Wood ward Re agent Y Dicyclohexyl Carbodimide (DCC) C H N C NC H6 11 6 11== == Y DDQ (2,

3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1, 4-benzoquinone) Y Ox i da tion Y Types of Ox i da tive Pro cesses Y Ad di tion of Ox y gen Y Ad di tion of Ox y gen with

Cleav age of C — C bond Y Ad di tion of Ox y gen with Si mul ta neous Elim i na tion of Hy dro gen Y Re moval of Hy dro gen Y Ox i da tive Cou pling

Y Ox i da tion of Hy dro car bons Y Al kanes Y Alkenes Y Ox i da tion of Ar o matic Rings Y Ox i da tion of Ar o matic Side Chains Y Ox i da tive

Cleav age of Alkyl Groups from Rings Y Dakin Re ac tion Y Ox i da tion of Aryl Methanes Y Ox i da tion of Sat u rated C — H Groups Y Ox i da tion of

13

–M.P. Saluja, Raj Kumar & Anuja Agarwal301–03 Advanced Natural Products

–M.P. Saluja585–03 Organic Synthesis

Al co hols to Al de hydes and Ke tones Y Ox i da tion of Al de hydes Y Ox i da tion of Ke tones Y Ox i da tion of α–ketols Y Ox i da tion of Carboxylic Ac ids

Y Ox i da tion of Amines Y Ox i da tion of Hydrazines Y Ox i da tion of Sulphides (Thioethers) Y Ru the nium Tetroxide RuO4 Y Iodobenzene Diacetate (DIB)

Y Thal lium (III) Ni trate (TTN) [Tl (NO )3 3] Y Re duc tion Y Hy dro car bons Y Al kanes Y Alkenes Y Con ju gated Alkenes Y Al kynes Y Ar o matic Rings

Y Car bonyl Com pounds Y Ac ids and their De riv a tives Y Sys tems Con tain ing Ni tro gen Y Hydrogenolysis (Reductive Cleav age) Y Benzylic Sys tems Y

Al lyl ic Sys tems Y Alkyl Sys tems Y Ar o matic Sys tems Y Mo lec u lar Re ar range ments Y Mech a nisms Y Nucleophilic Re ar range ments Y Mi gra tory

Ap ti tudes Y Mem ory Ef fects Y Electrophilic Re ar range ments Y Free–rad i cal Re ar range ments Y (1,2) Re ar range ments Y Re ar range ment from Car bon to

Elec tron De fi cient Ni tro gen Y Re ar range ment from Car bon to Elec tron De fi cient Ox y gen Y Re ar range ment In volv ing Elim i na tion with Hy dro gen Shift Y

Metallocenes, Non-benzenoid Aromatics and Polycyclic Ar o matic Com pounds Y Def i ni tion Y Syn the sis Y Prop er ties Y Gen eral

Char ac ter is tics and Chem i cal Re ac tiv ity Y Struc ture and Bond ing Y Non Benzenoid Aromatics Y Huckel’s Rule Y Craig’s Rule Y (2π)–Elec tron Sys tems

Y (4π)–Elec tron Sys tems Y (6π)–Elec tron Sys tem Y (8π)–Elec tron Sys tem Y (10π)–Elec tron Sys tem Y Annulenes Y Non Benzenoid Bicyclic Ar o matic

Sys tems Y Polycyclic Ar o matic Com pounds (Benzenoid Sys tems) Y Linear Orhto-Fused Polynuclear Hydrocarbons Y Non-Linear Ortho-Fused Polynuclear

Hydrocarbons Y Ortho-and Peri-fused Polynuclear Hydrocarbons Y The Dis con nec tion Ap proach Y Retrosyn thetic Anal y sis-Plan ning an Or ganic

Syn the sis or Dis con nec tion Ap proach Y Def i ni tions Y Synthons and Syn thetic Equiv a lents Y Chossing a Dis con nec tion Y Func tional Group

Intercon ver sion (FGI) Y The Im por tance of the Or der of Events in Or ganic Syn the sis Y One Group C — X Dis con nec tions Y Car boxyl De riv a tives Y

Al co hols, Ethers, Alkyl Halides, and Sul phides Y Ethers and Sul phides Y Two–Group C — X Dis con nec tions Y 1, 1-Difunctionalised Com pounds Y 1,

2-Difunctionalised Com pound Y 1, 3-Difunctionalised Com pounds Y Chemoselectivity Y Re ver sal of Po lar ity (Umpolung) Y Halogenation of Ke tones

Y Use of Ditioacetals Y Halogenation of Ac ids Y Epoxidation of Alkenes Y Cyclisation Re ac tions Y Dieckmann Con den sa tion Y Ruzicka Cyclisation Y

Friedel–Crafts Alkylation Y Friedel–Crafts Acylation Y Cy clic Ethers Y Amine Syn the sis Y Pri mary (RNH2) Y Re agents for the Synthon NH2– Y

Pro tect ing Groups Y Com mon Groups to be Protected Y Pro tec tion of Amino Group Y Pro tec tion of Carboxylic Group (RCOOH) Y One Group

C — C Dis con nec tions Y One Group C — C Dis con nec tions I Y (1,1) C C — Dis con nec tions Y Syn the sis of Al co hols Y Syn the sis of

Al de hydes and Ke tones Y Syn the sis of Carboxylic Ac ids Y (1, 2) C C — Dis con nec tions Y Syn the sis of Al co hol Y Syn the sis of Car bonyl

Com pounds Y One Group C C — Dis con nec tions II Y Car bonyl Com pounds Y Syn the sis of Car bonyl Com pounds by 1, 1 C C — Dis con nec tions Y Syn the sis of Car bonyl Com pounds by 1 2, C C — Dis con nec tions (By Alkylation of Enols) Y Syn the sis of Car bonyl Com pounds by

1 3, C C — Dis con nec tions (By Mi chael Ad di tion) Y Regioselectivity Y Alkene Syn the sis Y Use of Acetylenes (Al kynes) in Or ganic Syn the sis Y Use of

Aliphatic Ni tro Com pounds in Syn the sis Y Two–Group Dis con nec tions Y Diels–Al der Re ac tions Y Stereospecificity and Stereoselectivity Y Endo

Se lec tiv ity Y Regioselectivity in Diels Al der Re ac tion Y FGI in Diels–Al der Prod ucts Y Two Group C C — Dis con nec tions Y β–Hydroxy Car bonyl

Com pounds Y α β, –Un sat u rated Car bonyl Com pound Y Con trol in Car bonyl Con den sa tions Y Self–Con den sa tions Y Intramolecular Re ac tions

Y Cross–Con den sa tions I: Use of Com pounds which can not Enolise Y Form al de hyde: The Mannich Re ac tion Y Cross-condensation II : Use of specfific

Enol Equivalents Y Cross–Con den sa tion III: Re moval of one Prod uct Y Two Group C C — Dis con nec tions 1,5 Difunctionalised Com pounds Mi chael

Ad di tion and Robenson Annelation Y Ring Syn the sis Y Sat u rated Heterocycles Y Three–membered Rings Y Four–membered Rings

Y Five–membered Rings Y Six–membered Rings Y Ar o matic Heterocycles Y Ar o matic Heterocycles with Two Heteroatoms Y Syn the sis of Some

Com plex Mol e cules Y Syn the sis of Cam phor Y Syn the sis of Longifolene Y Syn the sis of Cor ti sone Y Retrosynthetic Anal y sis of Cor ti sone

Y Syn the sis of Re ser pine Y Syn the sis of Vi ta min D Y Syn the sis of Juvabione Y Retrosynthetic Anal y sis of Juvabione Y Syn the sis of Juvabione Y

Syn the sis of (±)–Aphidicolin Y Syn the sis of Fredericamycin A.

Y Chem i cal Ther mo dy nam ics Y Ter mi nol ogy of Ther mo dy nam ics Y Perfect Differentials or Exact Differentials Y Cy clic Rule Y Sim ple Sys tems Y

Zeroth Law of Ther mo dy nam ics Y First Law of Thermodynamics Y In ter nal En ergy Y Enthalpy Y Heat Ca pac ity Y Heat Y En ergy Y Work Y Re vers ible

Work of Ex pan sion (Re vers ibil ity and Max i mum Work) Y Ir re vers ible Work of Ex pan sion Y Com par i son of Wrev and Wirr Y Work Done in Adi a batic

Ex pan sion of An Ideal Gas (Re vers ible Ex pan sion) Y Adi a batic Irre vers ible Ex pan sion Y Vari a tion of En ergy With Tem per a ture and Vol ume Y Enthalpy

As a Func tion of T and P Y Ap pli ca tions of the First Law of Ther mo dy nam ics Y Re vers ible Iso ther mal Ex pan sion of Real Gas Obey ing Van Der Waals

Equa tion Y Re vers ible Adi a batic Ex pan sion of Real Gas Obey ing Van Der Waals Equa tion Y Spon ta ne ous Pro cesses Y Non-Spon ta ne ous Pro cesses Y

Lim i ta tions of First Law of Ther mo dy nam ics-Need for the Sec ond Law of Ther mo dy nam ics Y State ments of Sec ond Law of Ther mo dy nam ics Y Proof of

The Sec ond Law Y Is Sec ond Law True ? Y Is Sec ond Law Ap pli ca ble to Cy cle Pro cess Only ? Y Ther mo dy namic Scale Y Proof of the Equiv a lence of the

14

Physical Chemistry

–Gurdeep Raj286–39 (B) Advanced Physical Chemistry

Kel vin-Planck and Clausius State ments Y Heat En gine Y Car not’s Heat En gine Y Carnot’s Cycle in the Reverse Order Refrigerator Y Car not’s The o rem Y

En tropy Y Phys i cal Sig nif i cance of En tropy Y Maxwell’s Thermodynamical Re la tions Y Free En ergy Work Func tions Y The Helmholtz Free En ergy Work

Func tion, ‘A’ Y The Gibbs Free En ergy Work Func tion, G Y Gibbs-Helmholtz Equa tion Y Ther mo dy namic Equi lib ria and Free En ergy Func tions Y

Ap pli ca tions of Gibbs -Helmholtz Equa tion Y The Clapeyron-Clausius Equa tion Y Ther mo dy nam ics of El e va tion of Boil ing Point Y Re la tion be tween

Os motic Pres sure and El e va tion of Boil ing Point Y Ther mo dy nam ics of De pres sion in Freez ing Point Y Re la tion be tween Os motic Pres sure and

De pres sion in Freez ing Point Y Raoult’s Law Y The Nernst Heat The o rem Y Third Law of Ther mo dy nam ics Y Ex cep tions to the Third Law Y En tropy and

De gen er acy Y Com par i son of the Third Law with Other Laws Y Chem i cal Af fin ity Y Par tial Mo lar Prop er ties Y Chem i cal Po ten tial Y Gibbs-Duhem

Equa tion Y Vari a tion of Chem i cal Po ten tial with Tem per a ture Y Vari a tion of Chem i cal Po ten tial with Pres sure Y Chem i cal Po ten tial of a Pure Solid or

Pure Liq uid Y The chem i cal Po ten tial of a Pure Ideal Gas Y The Chem i cal Po ten tial of An Ideal Gas in a Mix ture of Ideal Gases Y Ther mo dy namic

Func tions of Mix ing Y Ideal So lu tions and Chem i cal Po ten tial Y Ap pli ca tions of the Con cept of Chem i cal Po ten tial Y Fugacity Y Duhem -Margules

Equa tion Activity Y Ac tiv ity & Ac tiv ity Co ef fi cient of So lu tion Y Thermochemistry Y Introduction to Thermochemistry Y Thermochemical Equation Y

Conventions Used in Writing Thermochemical Equations Y Heat of Reaction or Enthalpy of Reaction Y Factors on Which Heat of Reaction of Enthalpy of

Reaction Depends Y Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions Y Standard Enthalpy Changes Y Various Types of Enthalpy Changes Y Experimental

Determination of ∆E and ∆H Y Kirchhoff’s Equation Y The Maximum Flame Temperature Y Explosion Temperature Y Bond Enthalpies or Energies Y

Laws of Thermochemistry Y Sta tis ti cal Ther mo dy nam ics Y Introduction to Statistical Thermodynamics Y Probability Theorems in Statistical

Thermodynamics Y Phase Space Y System, Assembly and Ensemble Y Liouville’s Theorem Y Statistical Equilibrium Y The Thermodynamical Probability

Y The Boltzmann Distribution Law Y Partition Function Y Partition Functions for Simultaneous Possession of Different Energies Y Partition Functions and

Thermodynamic Functions Y Molar Partition Functions Y Application of Partition Function to Monoatomic Gas Y Applications of Partition Functions to

Diatomic Molecules Y Statistical Expression for Equilibrium Constant Y Equipartition of Energy Y Limitations of Maxwell-Boltzmann Statistics Y The

Bose-Einstein Statistics Y Bose-Einstein Condensation Y The Fermi-Dirac Statistics Y Comparison Amongst Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein

Fermi-Dirac Statistics Y Calculation of Fermi Energy of Electron Gas in the Metal Y Average Energy of An Electron in Metals Y Thermodynamic Functions

of Degenerate Fermi-Dirac Gas Y Thermionic Emission Y The Spe cific Heat of Sol ids and Gases Y Specific Heat of Solids Y Specific Heat of

Gases Y Non-Equi lib rium of Ir re vers ible Thermodynamics Y Postulate (Assumption) of Local Equilibrium Y Entropy Production Y Forces

and Fluxes Y Onsager Relations and Applications Y Wiener-Khintchine Theorem Y Linear Laws Y Stationary States Y Wave Mechanics Y

Introduction to Wave Mechanics Y Failure of Classical Mechanics Y de-Broglie’s Concept of the Dual Nature of the Electron Y Heisenberg

Uncertainty Principle Y Schrodinger’s Wave Equations Y Alternative Derivation of Schrodinger’s Wave Equation Y Schrodinger’s Equation With

Respect to Time Y Eigen Values and Eigen Functions Y Further Mathematical Consideration of Schrodinger Equation Y The Free Particle Y

Particles in Potential Barriers Y Emission of α-Particles From a Radioactive Element Y Particle in a One Dimensional Box Y Electron in Ring Y The

Particle in a Three-Dimensional Box Y Simple Harmonic Oscillator Y The Application of the Schrodinger Equations to the Hydrogen Atom Y Wave

Mechanics and Valence Y The Variation Method Y The Perturbation Method Y The Secular Equations Y The Valence Bond Theory Y Molecular

Orbital Method Y Atomic Spectra Y Different Spectral Lines of hydrogen Y Explanation of Origin of Atomic Spectra Y Critical Potential

(Excitation and Ionisation Potential) Y The Compton Effect Y Photo Electric Effect Y Vector Atom Model Y Spectra of Alkali Metals Y

Molecular Spec tra (Mo lec u lar Spectroscopy) Y Spectroscopy Y Molecular Spectra Y Microwave Spectroscopy (Rotational Spectroscopy) Y

Infrared Spectroscopy Y Raman Spectroscopy Y Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Y Electronic Spectra Y The Fortrat Diagram Y The Charge Transfer

Spectra Y Isotopic Effect in Molecular Spectra Y Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy Y Chem i cal Crys tal log ra phy and Liq uid Crystals Y

Types of Solids Y Distinction between Crystalline and Amorphous Solids Y What is a Crystal Y Liquid Crystals or Mesomorphic States Y The Growth of

Crystals Y External Features of Crystals Y Symmetry of Crystals Y Point Groups Y Space Lattice or Lattice Y The Unit Cell and Primitive Lattice Cell Y

Classification of Crystals Y Bravais Lattices Y Conduction in Solids Y Separation Between Lattice Planes Y Coordination Number Y Calculation of

Number of Atoms Per Unit Cell Y Radius Ratio Rule Y Isomorphism Y Mitscherlisch’s Law of Isomorphism Y Laws of Crystallography Y Solid State Defects

Y Packing of Uniform Spheres Y The Closed Packed Structures and The Nature of Voids Y Dimension of The Holes Y Close Packing of Spheres Y Internal

Structure of Crystals Y Structure of Rock Salt, NaCl Y Structure of Sylvine (KCl) Y Structure of Zinc Blende Y Structure of Diamond Y The Graphite Crystal

Y Cesium Chloride Structure Y Structures of Ionic Solids of General Formula, AX2 Y Electron Microscope Y Elec tric Prop er ties of Mol e cules and

Di pole Mo ment Y Dipole Moment Y Induced or Distortion Polarisation Y Orientation Polarisaiton Y Total Molar Polarisation Y Polarizablity Y

Mosotti-Clausius Equation Y Debye Equation : Orientation Polarisation Y Dependence of Polarizability on Frequency Y Determination of Dipole

Moment Y Bond Moments and the Molecular Dipole Moment Y Applications of Dipole Moment Y Limitations of Concept of Dipole Moment Y

Group Moments Y Magnetochemistry and Mag netic Properties of Substances Y Magnetochemistry Y Magnetic Properties of Substances Y

Definitions and Units Y Theories of Paramagnetism Y Theories of Diamagnetism Y Magnetic Susceptibility is an Additive and Substitutive Property Y

Theory of Ferromagnetism Y Measurement of Magnetic Susceptibility Y Applications of Magnetic Susceptibilities Y Equations of State and

Trans port Phe nom e non in Gases Y Equation of State Y Limitations of Van Der Walls Equation Y Calculation of the Boyle’s Temperature From Van

Der Waals Equation Y Modifies Form of the Van Der Waals Equation Y The Dieterici Equation Y The Berthelot Equation Y The Equation of

Kammerling-Ones Y The Beattie-Bridgeman Equation of State Y The Clausius Equation Y Virial Form of the Van Der Waals Equation Y Maxwell’s Law of

Distribution of Velocities Y Barometric Formula Y Barometric Formula By Taking into Account the Variation of Acceleration Due to Gravity with Altitude

Above the Earth’ Surface Y Derivation of the Barometric Formula Taking into Account the Variation of Temperature with Altitude Y Molecular Chaos Y

Collision Number and Collision Frequency Y Collision Diameter Y Mean Free Path Y Transport Phenomena in Gases Y Degrees of Freedom Y Law of

15

Equipartiton of Energy Y Chem i cal Kinetics Y Introduction to Chemical Kinetics Y Macroscopic and Microscopic Kinetics Y Slow and Fast Reactions Y

Rate of Reaction Y Factors Affecting Reaction Rates Y Velocity Constant or Rate Constant Y Molecularity of a Reaction Y Order of a Reaction Y Order and

Molecularity of Simple Reactions Y Order and Molecularity of Complex Reactions Y Kinetics of Zero Order Reactions Y Kinetics of First Order Reactions Y

Kinetics of Second Order Reactions Y Kinetic of Third Order Reactions Y Kinetics of Nth Order Reactions Y Methods of Determination of Order of a

Reaction Y Disturbing Factors in the Determination of Order of a Reaction Y Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rates Y Collision Theory of Reaction

Rates Y Absolute Reaction Rate of Transition State Theory Y Unimolecular Reactions Y Trimolecular Reactions or Termolecular Reactions Y Chain

Reactions Y Polymerisation Reactions Y Kinetics in Liquid Solutions Y Kinetics of Fast Reactions Y Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Molecular Beam

Method Y Measurement of Rate of Slow Reactions Y Linear Free Energy Relationships Y Photochemistry Y Introduction to Photochemistry Y Types of

Chemical Reactions Y Differences Between Dark and Photochemical Reactions Y Absorption of Light Y Laws of Photochemistry Y Quantum Yield or

Quantum Efficiency Y Deviations in the the Law of Photochemical Equivalence Y Reasons of High and Low Quantum Yield Y Factors Affecting Quantum

Yield Y Luminescence Y Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Y Photoelectric Effect Y Photoelectric Cells Y Chemiluminescence Y Photosensitisation Y

Photochemical Inhibition Y Period of Induction Y Photostationary State or Photochemical Equilibrium Y Bioluminescence Y Photosynthesis Y Latent

Image Y Photochemical Kinetics Y Laser Techniques Y Ca tal y sis and Ki net ics of Het er o ge neous Reactions Y Catalysis Y Theory of

Homogeneous Catalysis Y Function of a Catalyst in Terms of Gibb’s Free Energy of Activation Y Theory of Heterogeneous Catalysis Y Quantitative

Treatment of Adsorption (Theory of Heterogenous Catalysis) Y Classification of Catalysis Y Acid Base Catalysis Y Sur face Chem is try

(Ad sorp tion) Y Characteristics of Adsorption Y Sorption and Occlusion Y Adsorption of Gases on Solids Y Physical Adsorption Y Measurement of

Adsorption Isotherms or Experimental Methods of Determining Gas Adsorption Y Various Adsorption Isotherms Y Determination of Surface Area Y

Heat of Adsorption Y Adsorption Isobars Y Chemisorption Y Surface Films Y Adsorption from Solution Y Alternate Definition of Surface Excess Y

Adsorption By Porous Solids Y Surface Tension and Surface Free Energy Y Capillary Condensation Y Wetting Phenomena Y Applications of

Adsorption Y Colloid Science Y Colloidal State Y Colloidal Solutions Y Classification of Colloids Y Lyophilic and Lyophobic Colloids Y True

Solutions, Colloidal Solutions and Suspensions Y Preparation of Sols Y Purification of Sols Y Properties of Colloids Y Electrical Properties of Colloids Y

Electrical Double Layer Y Size of Colloidal Particles Y Methods of Determining Particle Shape Y Brownian Movement Y Avogadro’s Number Y Stability of

Sole Y Protection of Colloids Y Hofmeister Series or Salting Out or Lyotropic Series of the Sols Y Sensitisation Y Theories of Origin of Charge Y

Determination of Charge on Colloidal Particle Y The Spontaneous Ageing of Colloids Y Coagulation or Flocculation Y Kinetics of Coagulation Y Gels Y

Emulsions Y Microemulsions or Micellar Emulsions Y Foams Y Aerosols Y Micellization Y Structure of Micelles Y Ionic Micelles Y Micellization in

Non-Aqueous Media Y The Determination of Critical Concentration of Micelle Formation Y Solubilization in Surfactant Solutions Y Donnan Membrane

Equilibrium Y Applications of Colloid Science Y Phase Rule Y Introduction to Phase Rule Y Phase Reactions YConditions for Equilibrium between

Phases Y Derivation of Phase Rule Y One Component Systems Y The Water System Y Deuterium Oxide System Y Ice System Y The Sulphur System Y

Experimental Determination of Transition Point Y Two Component Systems Y Types of Two Components Systems Y Three Component Systems Y

Thermal Analysis Y The Distribution Law Y Nernst Distribution Law Y Temperature Coefficient Y Conditions for the Validity of the Distribution Law Y

Thermodynamic Derivation of Distribution Law Y Deviation From Distribution Law Due to Molecular Complexity Y Applications of Distribution Law Y Ionic

Equi lib rium, Elec tro lytic Con duc tance and Elec tro lytic Trans fer ence Y Electrolysis Y Faraday’s Law of Electrolysis Y Resistance or Conductance Y

Application of Conductivity Measurements Y Conductance in Non-Aqueous Solvents Y Conductometric Titrations Y Absolute Ionic Velocities : Ionic Mobilites Y

Ostwald’s Dilution Law Y Degree of Dissociation Y Dissociation Constant Y Dissociation Constants of Phosphoric Acid Y Arrhenius Theory of Electrolytic

Dissociation (1884) Y Limitations of Arrhenius Theory Y Theory of Strong Electrolytes Y Debye-Falkenhagen Effect, Conductance Under High A.C.

Frequencies Y Wien Effect, Conductance Under High Potential Gradients Y Strength of An Acid Y Dissociation Constants of Polybasic Acids Y Common Ion

Effect Y Solubility Product Y Ionic Product of Water Y Indicators Y Buffer Solutions or Buffers Y Hydrolysis Y Migration of ions Y Speeds of Ions and Amounts

Liberated at the Electrodes Y Transport Number Y Ionic Mobility and Transport Number Y Absolute Ionic Velocity Y Electrochemistry Y Introduction of

Electrochemistry Y Electrochemical Cells or Galvanic Cells Y Electrochemical Conventions Y Types of Electrochemical Cells Y Reversible and Irreversible Cells Y

Reversible Electrodes Y Measurement of E.M.F. Y Nernst’s Theory of Electrode Potential Y Single Electrode Potential Y Standard Electrode Potential Y Sign of

Electrode Potential Y Measurement of Electrode Potential Y Applications of Electrode Potential Measurements Y Rate of Electrode Processes Y Chemical Cells Y

Concentration Cells Y Liquid-Liquid Junction Potential or Diffusion Potential Y Determination of Transport Number By E.M.F. Measurements Y Applications of

E.M.F. Measurements Y Determination of pH Y Oxidation and Reduction Systems Y Electromotive Series or Potential Series Y Polarization Y Electromotive

Force of Polarization Y Decomposition Voltage or Decomposition Potential Y Deposition Potential or Discharge Potential Y Overvoltage Y Potentiometric

Titrations Y Polarography Y Voltametry Y Amperometric Titrations Y Fuel Cells Y Phys i cal Properties and Chem i cal Constitution Y Molar

Volume of Liquids Y Macleod’s Relationship-The Parachor Y Viscosity and Chemical Constitution Y Refractive Index Y Optical Activity Y

Optical Rotatory Dispersion Y Molecular Refraction Y Optical Exalation Y Refrachor Y Chem i cal Equi lib rium Y Reversible Reactions Y

Irreversible Reactions Y Chemical Equilibrium Y Experimental Proof For Dynamical Equilibrium Y Limitations of the Equation for

Chemical Equilibrium Y Law of Mass action Y De Donders Concept of Degree of Advancement of a Reaction Y Derivation of Law of Mass

Action Y Experimental Verification of Law of Mass Action Y Thermodynamic Derivation of Law of Mass Action Y Derivation of Law of Mass

Action From Chemical Potential Y Van’t Hoff’s Reaction Isotherm Y Van’t Hoff’s Reaction Isochore Y Van’t Hoff Reaction Isobar Y

Applications of Law of Mass Action Y Law of Chemical Equilibrium and Heterogeneous Equilibria Y Le-Chatelier’s Principle :

Predicting Equilibrium State Y Thermodynamic Treatment of Le-Chatelier’s Principle Y Ki netic Mo lec u lar The ory of Gases Y

Postulates of the Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases Y Compressibility Factor Y Expansivity and Compressibility Y Deviation From Ideal

16

Gas Behaviour Y Equations of State for Real Gases Y Explanation of Behaviour of Real Gases on the Basis of Van Der Waals Equation Y Experimental

Determination of Critical Constants Y Critical Constants Y Conditions for Liquefaction of Gases Y Van Der Waals Equation As an Improvement Over

Simple Laws Y Principle of Continuity of States Y Van Der Waals Equation and Critical State-Relations Between Van Der Waals Constants and Critical

Constants Y The principle of Corresponding States Y Liquefaction of Gases Y Intermolecular Forces or Van Der Waals Forces Y Liq uid State Y

Liquid-Vapour Equilibrium-Vapour Pressure Y Methods of Measuring Vapour Pressure of Liquids Y Dynamic Method Y Equation of State

for Liquids Y Structure of Liquids Y Surface Tension Y Methods of Measuring Surface Tension Y Viscosity Y Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium Y

Determination of Ratio of Distillation to Residue Y Partially Miscible Liquid Pairs Y Completely Immiscible Liquid Pairs of Steam Distillation

Y Solutions Y Meaning of Solution Y Type of Solutions Y Various Methods for Expression Concentrations of Solutions Y Vapour Pressure

of a Liquid Y Lowering of Vapour Pressure Y Ideal Solutions Y Non Ideal Solutions Y Raoult’s law Applicable to Binary Solutions of Two

Liquids Y The ory of Di lute Solutions Y Colligative Properties Y Relation Between Lowering of Vapour Pressure and Osmotic Pressure Y

Measurement of Lowering of Vapour Pressure Y Theories of Osmotic Pressure and Semipermability Y Osmotic Pressure Y Van’t Hoff’s

Theory of Dilute Solutions Y Measurement of Osmotic Pressure Y Measurement of Boiling Point Elevation Y Abnormal Colligative

Properties of Solutions Y Mo lec u lar Weight Determination of Macromolecules (Polymers) Y Methods to Determine Molecular Weight.

Y Gen eral In for ma tion Y Cal i bra tion of Weights Y Clean ing of Vol u met ric Glass ware Y Cal i bra tion of Vol u met ric Glass ware Y Con cen tra tion of

So lu tion Y Prep a ra tion of Stan dard So lu tions Y Prep a ra tion of So lu tions of In di ca tors Y Tem per a ture Con trol Ther mo stat Y Er rors in Mea sure ments

and Treat ment of Ex per i men tal Data Y Er rors in Ex per i men tal Data Y Ac cu racy and Pre ci sion of Mea sure ments Y Sta tis ti cal Treat ment of Ran dom

Er rors Y Mo lec u lar Weights of Vol a tile Sub stances Y Vapour Den sity Y De ter mi na tion of Mo lec u lar Weights in So lu tion (Cryoscopic and

Ebullioscopic Meth ods) Y Mea sure ment of De pres sion of Freez ing Point (Cryoscopy) Y Mea sure ment of El e va tion of Boil ing Point (Ebullioscopy) Y

Cryoscopic Meth ods Y Rast's Mi cro Method of De ter min ing Mo lec u lar Weight Y Ac tiv ity Co ef fi cients of Elec tro lytes (Cryoscopic Method) Y Ebullioscopic

Meth ods Y Sug ges tions for Fur ther Work by Ebullioscopic Mea sure ments Y Den sity of a Liq uid Y Spe cific Vol ume Y Mo lar Vol ume Y Vis cos ity Y Fac tors

Af fect ing Vis cos ity of a Liq uid Y Mo lec u lar Vis cos ity Y Mea sure ment of Vis cos ity Y Sur face Ten sion Y Mo lec u lar or Mo lar Sur face En ergy Y

Mea sure ment of Sur face Ten sion Y Vapour Pres sure of Liq uids Y Mea sure ment of Vapour Pres sure Y Sol u bil ity Y Phase Equi lib ria

Y Liq uid-Vapour Equi lib ria Y Liq uid-Liq uid Sys tem Y Study of Com plex Ion For ma tion by Dis tri bu tion Method Y Solid-Liq uid Sys tems (Freez ing Point

Di a grams of Bi nary Mix tures) Y Tran si tion Tem per a ture Y De ter mi na tion of Tran si tion Tem per a ture Y Thermochemistry Y Mea sure ment of Heat

Change Y Op ti cal Mea sure ments in Chem is try Y Refractometry Y Polarimetry Y Absorptiometry or Colorimetry Y Anal y sis of a Mix ture Y

For mula of the Com plex (Job's Method) Y De ter mi na tion of Dis so ci a tion Con stants Y Spec tro pho to met ric Ti tra tions Y Flame Pho tom e try Y Elec tric

Con duc tance of Elec tro lytes Y Mea sure ment of Con duc tance Y Ap pli ca tions of Conductometric Mea sure ments Y Ti tra tion of Very Weak Ac ids

with a Strong Base Y Ti tra tion of Very Weak bases with Strong Acid Y Pre cip i ta tion Ti tra tions Y Mis cel la neous Ti tra tions Y Trans port Num bers Y

De ter mi na tion of Trans port Num ber Y Chem i cal Ki net ics Y De ter mi na tion of the Or der of a Re ac tion Y Draw ing Tan gents to a Curve Y The

Tem per a ture Co ef fi cient (En ergy of Ac ti va tion) Y Pho to chem i cal Re ac tions Y The Col loi dal State Y Di al y sis of Col loi dal So lu tion Y Pre cip i ta tion

of Colloids by Elec tro lytes Y Pro tec tion of Colloids Y Col loi dal Elec tro lytes or As so ci a tion Colloids Y Ad sorp tion Y Ad sorp tion Iso therms Y

Chro mato graphic Sep a ra tions Y Chro ma tog ra phy Y Col umn Chro ma tog ra phy Y Ad sorp tion Chro ma tog ra phy Y Pa per Chro ma tog ra phy

Y Thin-Layer Chro ma tog ra phy Y Ion Ex change or Dis place ment Chro ma tog ra phy Y Ion Ex change Ca pac ity Y Pa per Elec tro pho re sis or Zone

Elec tro pho re sis Y Elec tro mo tive Force of Cells Y Gal vanic cells Y Elec trode Po ten tial Y Hy dro gen Scale Y Liq uid Junc tion Po ten tial Y

Types of Elec trodes Y In di cat ing Elec trodes Y Mea sure ment of e.m.f. of a Cell Y Ap pli ca tions of e.m.f. Mea sure ments Y De ter mi na tion of pH

Val ues Y pH Stan dards for Glass Elec trodes at 25°C Y Potentiometric Ti tra tions Y Dis so ci a tion Con stants of Weak Ac ids and Bases Y Ti tra tions

with out ref er ence Elec trodes Y Polarography Y Man ual Po laro graph Y Com mer cial Po laro graph Y De com po si tion Po ten tial and Over Volt age

Y Polarographic Max ima Y Amperometric Ti tra tions Y For mula and Sta bil ity Con stant of the Com plex Ion Y Mea sure ment of Elec tric and

Mag netic Prop er ties Y Ca pac i tance and Di elec tric Con stant Y Mag netic Sus cep ti bil ity YMag netic Sus cep ti bil ity Mea sure ments Y

Equi lib rium and Dis so ci a tion Con stants Y Re vers ible Re ac tions Y Equi lib rium Con stant and Stan dard Free En ergy Change Y Equi lib rium

Con stant and Enthalpy ( )∆H of the Re ac tion Y De ter mi na tion of Equi lib rium Con stants Y Blood Ex am i na tion Y Cell Counts Y Es ti ma tion of Glu cose in

Blood (Di a be tes Blood Test) Y Urine Ex am i na tion Y Col lec tion of Urine Spec i men Y Es ti ma tion of Ketone Bod ies (Acetoacetic Acid) (Dip stick Method)

Y Re duc ing Substances in Urine Y Estimation of Casein in Milk Y Oils and Lubricants Y Water Analysis Y Hardness of Water Y Appendix Y Log

Y Antilog Tables.

17

–J.B. Yadav287–35 Advanced Practical Physical Chemistry

Y Gas eous State (Ki netic The ory of Gases) Y Boyle’s Law (Pres sure-Vol ume Re la tion ship) Y Charle’s Law (Vol ume-Tem per a ture Re la tion ship)

Ab so lute Zero Y Avo ga dro’s Law Y Ideal Gas Equa tion Y Phys i cal Sig nif i cance of Uni ver sal Gas Con stant (R) Y Nu mer i cal Val ues of R Y Dal ton’s Law of

Par tial Pres sures Y Amagat’s Law of Par tial Vol ume Y Gra ham’s Law of Dif fu sion of Gases Y Ki netic Gas Equa tion Y Ki netic En ergy of Gas Mol e cules Y

Mo lec u lar Ve loc i ties Y Col li sion Prop er ties Y Cal cu la tion of λ from η Y Boromatirc For mula Y Law of Cor re spond ing States and Re duced Equa tion of

States Y Liq uids Y Vari a tion of Vapour Pres sure of a Liq uid with Tem per a ture Y Trouton’s Rule Y Sur face Ten sion Y De ter mi na tion of Sur face Ten sion

Y Sur face Ac tive Agents Y In ter fa cial Ten sion Y De ter mi na tion of Sur face Ten sion of a Liq uid at Dif fer ent Tem per a tures Y Ex cess Pres sure Y Sur face

En ergy Y Vari a tion of Sur face Ten sion with Tem per a ture Y Ramsay and Shield’s Equa tion Y Vis cos ity Y Rel a tive Vis cos ity and Spe cific Vis cos ity Y

Mo bil ity or Flu id ity Y Ef fect of Tem per a ture on Vis cos ity Y Solid State and Crys tal log ra phy Y For mula Used Y Lat tice En ergy Y Co he sive En ergy Y

Fermi En ergy Y Num ber of Schottky de fects Y Num ber of Frenkel De fects Y First Law of Ther mo dy nam ics Y State Func tion Y Cy clic Rule Y

Ho mo ge neous Func tion Y Co ef fi cient of Ther mal Ex pan sion, α, Y Com press ibil ity Co ef fi cient Y Re la tion be tween α and β Y Eu ler’s

The o rem on Ho mo ge neous Func tions Y In te grat ing Fac tor Y Ho mo ge neous Func tion Y First Law of Ther mo dy nam ics Y Work a Path

De pend ent Func tion Y Ex pan sion into Vac uum Y Ex pan sion Against a Con stant Ex ter nal Pres sure Y Ex pan sion When P Pext − int. Y

Iso ther mal Re vers ible Work for Ideal Gas Y Adi a batic Work Y Adi a batic Re vers ible Re la tion Y Heat change at Con stant Vol ume Y Heat

Change at Con stant Pres sure Y Heat Ca pac ity of Con stant Vol ume, Cv Y Heat Ca pac ity at Con stant Pres sure Y Re la tions be tween Cp and Cv

Y Ef fi ciency of Car not’s Cy cle Y Iso ther mal Re vers ible Ex pan sion of an Ideal Gas Y Free Ex pan sion (Ir re vers ible) Y Iso ther mal Ir re vers ible

Ex pan sion of an Ideal Gas Y Joule Thomson Co ef fi cient Y Adi a batic Ir re vers ible Ex pan sion Y Com par i son of Wrev and Wirr Y Sec ond Law

of Ther mo dy nam ics Y En tropy Changes Y En tropy of a Mix ture of Ideal Gases Y En tropy of Mix ing Y En tropy Change In volv ing Trans fer

of Heat from a Body B at a Higher Tem per a ture T2 to Body A at a Lower Tem per a ture Y En tropy Change of a Chem i cal Re la tion Y En tropy

and Prob a bil ity Y Gibbs-Helmholtz Equa tion Y Free En ergy Changes Y Vari a tion of Free En ergy with Pres sure at Con stant T Y Chem i cal

Po ten tial Y Gibss-Duhem Equa tion Y Clapeyron-Clausius Equa tion of Liq uid Vapour Y Clapeyron-Clausius Equa tion for Solid Vapour

Equi lib ria Y Fugacity Y Ac tiv ity Y Third Law of Ther mo dy nam ics Y Nernst Heat The o rem Y Third Law of Ther mo dy nam ics Y

Thermochemistry Y Enthalpy of Re ac tion Y Re la tion be tween Enthalpy of Re ac tion at Con stant Vol ume and at Con stant Pres sure Y

Hess’s Law Y Kichhoff’s equa tion Y Flame and Ex plo sion Tem per a ture Y Bond En er gies Y Some Im por tant Re la tions Y

Thermochemical Cal cu la tions Y Sta tis ti cal Ther mo dy nam ics Y Prob a bil ity and En tropy Y Mo lec u lar Ba sis of Re sid ual En tropy Y Boltzmann

Dis tri bu tion Law Y Par ti tion Func tion Y En ergy and Par ti tion Func tion Y Heat Ca pac ity, Cv and Par ti tion Func tion Y Third Law and Par ti tion Func tion Y

Helmholtz Free En ergy A and Par ti tion Func tion Y Enthalpy and Par ti tion Func tion Y Gibbs Free en ergy, G and Par ti tion Func tion Y Chem i cal Par ti tion

and Par ti tion Func tion Y Equi lib rium Con stant and Par ti tion Func tion Y Par ti tion Func tion of Polyatomic Mol e cule Y Translational Par ti tion Func tion Y

Grand Translatinoal Par ti tion Func tion Y Ro ta tional Par ti tion Func tion Y Vi bra tional Par ti tion Func tion Y Elec tronic Par ti tion Func tion Y Mo lec u lar

Par ti tion Func tion for a Polyatomic Mol e cule Y Translationl En ergy of the Gas Y Translational En tropy of a Monoatomic Gas Y En tropy of Ex pan sion Y

Translational Enthalpy Y Translational Heat Ca pac ity at Con stant pres sure Y Translational Gibbs Free En ergy Y Translational Helmholtz Func tion Y

Ro ta tional En ergy Y Ro ta tional Enthalpy Y Ro ta tional En tropy Y Ro ta tional Free En ergy Y Ro ta tional Work Func tion Y Vi bra tional Con tri bu tion to

Ther mo dy namic Func tions Y So lu tions Y Mea sures of Com po sition Y Bun sen’s Ab sorp tion Co ef fi cient, α Y Ef fect of Tem per a ture on Sol u bil ity Y

Henry’s Law Y Gas eous So lu tions (So lu tion of Gas in Gas) Y Raoult’s Law Y Steam Dis til la tion Y Di lute So lu tions Y Colligative Prop er ties of Di lute

So lu tions Y Raoult’s Law Y Os motic Pres sure, Π Y Iso tonic So lu tions Y To tal Os motic Pres sures Y Ostwald and Walker’s Dy namic Method Y El e va tion of

Boil ing Point Y Depression in Freezing Point Y Abnormal Behaviour of Solutions Y Van’t Hoff Factor Y Chemical Equilibrium Y Law of Mass Action

Y Relation between K and Kp c Y Relation between K and Kp x Y Thermal Dissociation Y Difference between Thermal Decomposition and

Dissociation Y Degree of Dissociation Y Relation between Degree of Dissociation and Vapour Density Y Le Chatelier’s Principle Y

Heterogeneous Equilibria Involving Solids and Gases Y Free Energy of a Spontaneous Process Y Gibbs-Helmholtz Equation Y Standard free

Energy Change Y Free energy of Formation of Compounds, ∆Gf Y Standard Free Energy of Formation of Compounds, ∆G f° Y Van’t Hoff

Reaction Isotherm Y Temperature -Dependence of the Equilibrium Constant Y Quan tum Chem is try and Atomic Structure Y Atomic and

Mo lec u lar Spec tros copy Y Phase Rule Y Chemical Kinetics Y Collision Theory Y Energy of Activation Y Photochem is try Y

Lambert-Beer’s Law Y Optical Density (OD) or Absorbance or Absorbancy Y The Stark-Einstein Law of Photochemical Equivalence Y Life Time

of an Excited State Y Integrated Absorption Coefficient, A Y Oscillator Strength, f Y Sur face Chemistry Y Adsorption Y Physical Adsorption Y

Chemisorption Y Adsorption Isotherm Y BET Theory Y Adsorption from Solution Y Surface Films Y Dis tri bu tion Law Y Some Relations and

Concepts Y Hydrolysis Constant Y Distribution Law and Henry’s Law Y Ionic Equi lib rium Y Faraday’s Laws of Electrolysis Y Determination of

Transport Number by Hittorf’s Method Y Determination of Transport Number by Moving Boundary Method Y Ostwald’s Dilution Law Y Strength

of Acids and Bases Y Dissociation of Water (Ionic Product of Water) Y Ionic Product of Water Y Buffer Solution Y Buffer Capacity Y Indicator

Constant Y Ioshydric Solution Y Conductance Y Determination of Cells Constant Y Measurement of Hydrolysis of Aniline Hydrochloride Y

18

–Gurdeep Raj296–01 (B) Problems in Physical Chemistry

Determination of Solubility of Sparingly Soluble Salts Y Kohlrausch’s Law of Independent Ionic Mobilities Y Hydrolysis of Salts Y Calculation of Hydrogen

Ion Concentration Y Solubility Y Solubility Product Y Relation between Solubility Product and Solubility Y Ionic Mobility Y Absolute Velocity of an Ion Y

Activity and Activity Coefficient Y Relation between Activity and Mean Ionic Activity of the Electrolyte Y Relation between Activity and Mean Molal

activity Coefficient Y Ionic Strength (l) Y Debye-Huckel Limiting Law Y Debye-Huckel Theory of Strong Electrolytes Y Diffusion and Ionic Mobility Y

Ilkovic Equation Y Electrochemistry and Re vers ible Cells Y Galvanic Cell Y Electrode Potential Y Sign of Electrode Potential Y Standard

Electrode Potentials: The Electrochemical Series Y Electromotive Force of Galvanic Cells : The Cell Reactions Y Electrical Energy an Free Energy

Change of the Cell Reaction Y Relation between Electrical Energy and Enthalpy of a Cell Reaction Y Determination of ∆ ∆G H, and ∆S of Cell

Reaction Y Determination of ∆G°,∆S° and ∆H° of a Cell Reaction Y Relation between Electromotive Force and Equilibrium Constant of a Cell

Reaction Y Effect of Concentration of Electrolyte on Cell Potential Y Nernst Equation : Effect of Electrolyte Concentration on Electrode Potential

Y Determination of Activity Coefficients from E.M.F. Y Specific Ion Electrodes Y Concentration Cells Y Determination of pH Y Electrode

Polarization Y Concentration Polarization Y Over Voltage Y Physical Prop er ties and Chem i cal Constitution Y Optical Rotation Y Molar

Refraction Y Molecular Viscosity Y Dunstan’s Rule Y Viscosity and Chemical Constitution Y Molecular Weight of Polymers Y Macromolecules

(Poly mers) Y Molar Masses of Polymers Y Viscometry Y Diffusion Y Root Mean Square Distance Y Sedimentation Velocity Method Y Centrifuge

Method Y Sedimentation Equilibrium Method Y Conformation and Configuration of Macromolecules in Solution Y Osmometry Y Light

Scattering Y Turbidity Y Elec tric and Mag netic Prop er ties of Molecules Y Dipole Moment Y Bond Moments Y Mossoti Clausius Equation Y

Dipole Moments in Solution Y Polarisability Volume Lorentz-Lorenz Equation (Molar Refraction) Y Magnetic Susceptibility Y Specific Magnetic

Susceptibility Y Molar or Molecular Magnetic Susceptibility Y Pascal Constants for Atoms and Bonds (Diamagnetism) Y Determination of

Magnetic Susceptibility Y Nu clear and Ra dio Chemistry Y Units of Radioactivity.

Y Sym me try and Sym me try Op er a tions Y Sym me try Op er a tions Y Per form ing Suc ces sive Op er a tions Y Harmann-Mauguin Sys tem Y In verse

Op er a tions Y Ap pli ca tions of Sym me try Y Other Ap pli ca tions of Sym me try Y Point Groups Y Def i ni tion of Point Groups Y Prop er ties of Groups Y

Clas si fi ca tion of Point Groups Y Iden ti fi ca tion of mo lec u lar point groups Y De ter mi na tion of point groups by yes-no method Y Vec tors and

Ma tri ces in Groups Rep re sen ta tions Y Vec tors Y Ma tri ces Y The ma trix eigen value equa tion Y Sim i lar ity trans for ma tions Y Use of

Ma tri ces in group the ory Y Ma trix Rep re sen ta tions and Geo met ric Trans for ma tions Y Use of Vec tors in group rep re sen ta tions Y Use of

Math e mat i cal func tions in group rep re sen ta tions Y Re duc ible and Ir re duc ible Rep re sen ta tions Y Equiv a lent Rep re sen ta tions Y

Uni tary Rep re sen ta tionsY Re duc ible Rep re sen ta tions Y Some Ex am ples of Re duc ible Rep re sen ta tions Y Ir re duc ible Rep re sen ta tions Y

The "Great Orthogonality The o rem" and its con se quences Y Some Im por tant Rules about Ir re duc ible Rep re sen ta tions Y Char ac ter Ta bles

Y Ap pli ca tion of Group The ory to Quan tum Me chan ics Y Hamiltonian op er a tors un der OR Y Sym me try-adapted Linear

Com bi na tions Y Ex am ple of C2V point group Y Ex am ple of D4h point group Y Ex am ple of C3V point group Y Ex am ple of Td point group Y Ex am ple

of Oh point group Y Mo lec u lar Or bital The ory Y The Hartee-Fock Ap prox i ma tion Y The LCAO MO Ap prox i ma tion Y The π-elec tron ap prox i ma tion Y

Ma trix For mu la tion of Mo lec u lar Or bital Cal cu la tions Y Huckel Method Y HMO for Bu ta diene Y Streitwieser's Method Y Mo lec u lar Or bital Pro jec tions Y

Sym me try in Bond ing (Hy brid Or bital Ap proach) Y Trans for ma tion Prop er ties of Atomic Or bital Y Hy brid Orbitals in σ-Bond ing Y Hy brid Orbitals

in π Bond ing Y Ap pli ca tions of Group The ory to Spec tros copy Y Group The ory and Nor mal Modes of Vi bra tion of Polyatomic Mol e culesY The

Γ3N rep re sen ta tion Y The re duc tion of Γ3N Y The clas si fi ca tion of nor mal co or di nates Y Nor mal Co or di nates for Lin ear m Mol e cules Y The

No men cla ture Used to De scribe Vi bra tions Y Di rect-Prod uct Rep re sen ta tions Y Se lec tion Rules for IR and Raman Spec tros copy Y De po lar iza tion Ra tio Y

Y Rule of Mu tual Ex clu sion Y Sym me try to de ter mine IR and Raman ac tive lines Y The In fra-Red and Raman Spec tra of CH4, CH3D and CH2D2 Y

Sym me try for Cou pling Com bi na tion Bands, Over tone and Fermi Res o nance Y Ap pli ca tion of Raman and In fra red Se lec tion Rules to the De ter mi na tion

of Struc tures Y Change in Spec tra Due to Change in Sym me try Upon Co or di na tion Y Ap pli ca tion of Group The ory to Elec tronic spec tros copy Y Se lec tion

Rules for Elec tronic Spec tros copy Y Sym me tries of Elec tronic States from Non-de gen er ate Mo lec u lar Orbitals Y Elec tronic spec tra of tran si tion metal

com plexes Y Ap pli ca tions of Group The ory to Tran si tion-Metal Com plexes Y Crys tal field split ting Y Dou ble Groups Y The Jahn-Teller Ef fect Y

The Elec tronic Spec tra of "Oh" Com plexes Y Mix ing of d and p Orbitals in Cer tain Sym me tries Y MOT for Tran si tion Metal Com plexes Y LCAO MOs for

Tet ra he dral Mol e cules Y LCAO MOs for sand wich com pounds Y Ap pli ca tions of Group The ory in Or ganic Chem is try Y Struc ture and Sym me try Y

Mo lec u lar Ro ta tions About Sin gle Bonds Y Melt ing Point and Sol u bil ity Y Sym me try and Op ti cal Ac tiv ity Y No men cla ture of stereoisomers Y Or ganic

Re ac tions Y Ap pen dix A (Char ac ter Ta bles for Sym me try Group, Ap pen dix B (Char ac ter Ta bles for Some Dou ble Groups), Ap pen dix C

(Cor re la tion Ta bles for the spe cies of a group and its Sub-groups), Ap pen dix D (Solved Prob lems), Ap pen dix E (Tanable-Sugano

Di a grams).

19

–Gurdeep Raj, Ajay Kumar Bhagi & V.K.Jain262–05 Group Theory & Symmetry in Chemistry

Y Fun da men tal Prin ci ples of Spec tros copy Y Regions of electromagnetic radiation Y Properties of electromagnetic radiations Y Spectroscopy Y

Advantages of spectroscopy Y Wave properties of electromagnetic radiation Y Ground and excited states Y Absorption spectra Y Emission spectra Y Born

Oppenheimer approximation Y Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter — Rotational, vibrational and electronic energy levels Y Molecular

absorption spectra Y Types of molecular spectra Y Fluorescence Y Phosphorescence Y Raman spectra Y Interference Y Diffraction of radiation Y

Transmission of radiation Y Dispersion of radiation Y Refraction of radiation Y Reflection of radiation Y Scattering of radiation Y Polarisation of light Y

Thermal radiation Y Practical sources of radiation Y Particle properties of radiation Y The photoelectric effect Y The Compton effect Y Introduction to

optical methods Y Radiation sources Y Wavelength selection Y Monochromator Y Sample containers Y Detectors Y Photometric analytical methods Y

Spurious radiation Y Signal indicator Y Natural line width and natural line broadening including uncertainty relation Y Intensity of spectral lines and

transition probability Y Transition probability, transition moment and results of time dependent perturbation theory Y Selection rules Y Atomic

spectroscopy Y Energies of atomic orbitals Y Vector model of atom — vector representation of momenta and vector coupling Y Spectra of hydrogen atom

and alkali metal atoms Y Ul tra vi o let and Vis i ble Spec tros copy Y Spectra of liquids Y Colorimetric and spectrophotometric analysis Y Visible

spectrometry Y Preparation of the coloured solution Y Measurement of the coloured solution Y Laws of absorption Y Deviations from Beer’s law Y

Measurement of absorption Y Reasons for deviation from Beer’s law Y Techniques for colour comparison Y Instrumentation Y Sources Y Filters and

monochromators Y Slits Y Gratings Y Cuvette Y The vacuum region Y Radiation detectors and indicators Y Photovoltaic cells or Barrier layer cells Y

Photoemissive (vacuum) tubes Y Photomultiplier tubes Y Instrument design Y Colorimeters Y Disadvantages of visual colorimetric methods Y

Photometers Y Photometers employing barrier layer cells Y Photometers employing photoemissive tubes Y Photometers employing photomultiplier tubes

Y Single beam and double beam instruments Y One cell and two cell instruments Y Method of colour measurement or comparison with photoelectric

photometer Y Spectrophotometers Y Photoelectric spectrophotometer Y Sources of errors Y Calibration Y Presentation of spectral data Y Special

spectrophotometric techniques Y Ultraviolet spectroscopy Y Origin of UV absorption spectra Y Ultraviolet spectrophotometers Y Sources of radiation Y

Monochromators Y Detectors Y Performance of spectrophotometers Y Special methodology in UV spectrometric analysis Y Colour in organic compounds

Y Absorption by organic molecules — energy levels, molecular orbitals and electronic spectra of polyatomic molecules Y Effect of conjugation on

chromophores Y Choice of solvent and solvent effects Y Effect of alkyl substitution and ring residues - Woodward and Fieser rules Y Aromatic compounds

Y Geometrical isomerism Y Absorption by inorganic systems Y Spectrophotometric studies of complex ions - determination of ligand/metal ratio in a

complex Y Determination of instability constants Y Determination of pK value of an indicator Y Chemical applications of UV spectroscopy Y Qualitative

analysis Y Quantitative analysis Y Analysis of organic compounds Y Analysis of inorganic complexes Y Analysis of mixtures of absorbing substances Y

Identification of compounds Y Measuring concentration of solutions Y Inorganic chemistry Y Structure of inorganic complexes Y Study of H+ ion

concentration Y Ortho and para forms of hydrogen molecule Y Photometric titrations Y Some spectrophotometric determination Y In fra red

Spec tros copy Y Molecular spectra Y Origin of infrared spectra Y Rotational or microwave spectrum Y Microwave spectroscopy Y Classification of

molecules Y Rigid rotor model Y Selection rules Y Effect of isotopic substitution on the transition frequencies Y Relative intensities of spectral lines Y

Non-rigid rotor Y Stark effect Y Nuclear and electron spin coupling or nuclear and electron spin interactions Y Instrumentation in microwave spectroscopy

Y Applications of microwave spectroscopy Y Vibrational rotational spectra -infrared spectroscopy Y Vibrational energies of diatomic molecules Y Zero

point energy Y Harmonic oscillator model Y Anharmonicity Y Anharmonicity and selection rules Y Morse potential energy diagram Y P—Q—R bands Y

Force constant Y Breakdown of the Born Oppenheimer approximation — the interactions of rotations and vibrations Y Electronic band spectra Y

Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules Y Franck Condon principle, vibronic transitions and vibrational progression Y Electronic spectra of polyatomic

molecules Y Charge transfer spectra and spectra of transition metal complexes Y Predissociation spectra Y Normal modes of vibrations of atoms in

polyatomic molecules Y Group frequencies and factors affecting band position and intensities Y Vibrational coupling Y Apparatus Y Light source Y

Monochromator and optical material Y Sample handling Y Cells or sample holders Y Detectors Y Amplifiers Y Instruments Y Advances in

spectrophotometers Y Fourier Transform methods (FT methods)— Interferometric spectrophotometers Y Hadamard spectroscopy Y Abridged

spectrophotometers Y Nondispersive photometers Y Hot bands Y Factors influencing vibrational frequencies Y Comparison of mid infrared, near infrared

and far infrared regions Y Metal ligand vibrations Y Interpretation of IR spectra Y Characteristic group frequencies of organic molecules (A) hydrocarbons

Y Normal alkanes (paraffins) Y Branched chain alkanes Y Cycloalkanes Y Alkenes or olefinic hydrocarbons Y Alkynes Y Aromatic hydrocarbons Y

Alcohols and phenols Y Aldhydes and ketones Y Ethers Y Esters Y Acid halides Y Carboxylic acid Y Amines and amides Y Important spectral regions in the

infrared Y Environmental effects Y Molecular shape Y Applications of IR spectroscopy Y Raman Spec tros copy Y Raman spectroscopy and infrared

spectroscopy Y Advantages of Raman spectroscopy over infrared spectroscopy Y Discovery of Raman effect Y Explanation of light scattering by molecules

Y Difference between fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy Y Nature of Raman spectra Y Pure rotational, vibrational and vibrational — rotational

Raman spectra and selection rules Y Apparatus used for studying Raman effect Y Lasers Y Sample preparation Y Classical theory of Raman effect Y

Quantum theory of Raman effect Y General mechanism of Raman effect Y Raman effect in liquids Y Raman effect in gases Y Raman effect in solids Y

Application of Raman effect to chemistry Y Law of mutual exclusion Y Raman activity of molecular vibrations Y Raman effect and molecular structure Y

Qualitative analysis Y Quantitative analysis Y Advantages and limitations of Raman spectroscopy Y Resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) Y Coherent

anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) Y Basic principle and experimental technique of CARS Y Advantages of CARS over normal Raman scattering

20

–B.K. Sharma269–24 Spectroscopy

Y Disadvantages of CARS Y Applications of CARS Y Coherent and incoherent radiation Y Atomic Ab sorp tion Spec tros copy or Ab sorp tion Flame

Pho tom e try Y Introduction and principle Y Procedure Y Preparation of samples Y Measurement of atomic absorption Y Sensitivity Y Calibrating

solutions Y Methods of calibration Y Advantages of atomic absorption Y Disadvantages and limitations of atomic absorption Y Precision and accuracy of

atomic absorption spectroscopy Y Flame emission Y Relationship between atomic absorption and flame emission spectroscopy Y Advantages over flame

emission Y Line widths Y Instruments Y Sources Y Flame Y Flame profiles Y Devices for the formation of an atomic vapour Y Flame atomisation Y

Monochromators and filters Y Optical system, detectors and indicators Y Readout devices Y Oxidants and fuels Y Types of burners Y Applications of

atomic absorption Y Analytical applications Y Interferences Y Cation interferences Y Anion interferences Y Analytical variables Y Some typical

determinations by atomic absorption spectroscopy Y Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy Y Flame Emis sion Spec tros copy or Flame Pho tom e try Y

Principle Y Flames and flame spectra Y Variation of emission intensity with the flame Y Flame temperature Y Chemical reactions in flames Y Metallic

spectra in flames Y Effect of organic solvents on flame spectra Y Flame background Y Instruments Y Pressure regulators and flow meters Y Flame source Y

Atomizers and burners Y Optical and electronic system Y Photosensitive detectors Y Flame photometers Y Flame spectrophotometers Y Single beam and

double beam instruments Y Calibration curve Y Flame spectrophotometer Y Errors in flame photometry (interferences) Y Quantitative analysis Y

Applications Y Determination of sodium in general different samples by flame photometry Y Special applications Y Some flame emission spectroscopic

procedures Y Emis sion Spec tros copy Y Theoretical principles of the production of emission spectrum Y Origin of emission spectra Y The emission

process Y Radiative and non-radiative decay processes Y Internal conversion Y The spectra produced by electronic excitation Y Units Y Apparatus for

emission spectroscopy Y Excitation sources Y Controlled and multisources Y General purpose sources Y Plasma discharge Y Samples Y Electrodes Y

Preparation of electrodes and samples Y Sample polarity Y Excitation of the constituents of solutions Y Illumination system Y Apparatus Y Optical

spectrometers Y Classification of spectrometers Y Measures used for the comparison of prism instruments Y Grating instruments Y Measures used for the

comparison of grating instruments Y The photographic process Y Qualitative analysis Y Quantitative analysis Y Internal standard and data treatment Y

Intensity measurement Y Photoelectric method Y Semiquantitative analysis Y X-Ray Meth ods Y Mosley's law Y Continuous spectra from electron beam

sources Y Discontinuous (line) spectra from electron beam sources Y Fluorescent line spectra Y X-Ray fluorescence Y Radioactive sources Y Absorption of

X-rays Y X-ray instrumentation Y X-ray detection and measurement Y Ionisation methods for measurement of radiations Y Samples Y Non-dispersive

X-ray spectrometers Y X-ray emission methods Y Qualitative and semiquantitative analysis Y Quantitative analysis Y Applications of X-ray emission Y

X-ray absorption methods Y Direct absorption method Y Analysis of lighter elements Y The absorption edge method Y Absorption apparatus Y

Applications of absorption methods Y X-ray absorption v/s X-ray emission Y Advantages of X-ray methods Y Disadvantages of X-ray methods Y X-ray

diffraction methods Y The Laue method of X-ray analysis Y Bragg’s law Y Diffraction of X-rays Y Production and detection of X-rays — Debye Scherrer

method Y Sample preparation Y Identification of powder diffraction patterns Y Quantitative analysis Y Mo lec u lar Lu mi nes cence: Fluorometry and

Phosphorimetry Y Fluorescence and phosphorescence Y Factors affecting fluorescence and phosphorescence Y Internal conversion Y External

conversion Y Quenching Y Theory Y Relation between intensity of fluorescence and concentration Y Calculation of results Y Measurement of fluorescence

Y Filter fluorometers Y Spectrofluorometers Y Advantages Y Limitations Y Precautions Y Selection of an excitation wavelength for analysis Y Reporting

fluorescence spectra Y Applications of fluorometric analysis Y Applications in inorganic chemistry Y Organic and biological applications Y Special

fluorometric applications Y Phosphorimetry Y Applications of phosphorimetry Y Solvents used Y Chemiluminescence Y Nephelometry and

Turbidimetry Y Light scattering Y Nephelometry and turbidimetry Y Choice between nephelometry and turbidimetry Y Turbidity and colorimetry Y

Nephelometry and fluorometry Y Theory of nephelometry and turbidimetry Y Instruments for nephelometry and turbidimetry Y Turbidimetric titrations Y

Applications of turbidimetry and nephelometry Y Elec tron and Ion Spec tros copy Y General techniques in surface spectroscopy Y Basic principles of

electron spectroscopy Y Photoelectric effect and photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) Y Photoelectron spectroscopy and Koopman’s theorem Y X-ray

photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) or Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) Y Principles of XPS or ESCA Y Instrumentation for XPS or

ESCA Y Applications of XPS or ESCA Y Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) Y Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) Y Photoacoustic

Spec tros copy (PAS) or Optoacoustic Spec tros copy (OAS) Y Basic principles of PAS — the photoacoustic effect Y Photoacoustic spectra Y

Instrumentation Y Advantages of PAS over conventional absorption spectroscopy Y Applications of photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) Y Surface

applications of PAS Y Nu clear Mag netic Res o nance (NMR) Spec tros copy Y Nuclear spin and magnetic moment Y Nuclear magnetic resonance —

origin of NMR spectra Y Theory of NMR spectroscopy Y Precession of particles in a field Y Nuclear resonance Y Saturation — Relaxation processes in

NMR Y Flipping - the origin of signal Y Instrumentation Y Technique and principle Y Experimental methods of NMR spectroscopy Y Some important

aspects of NMR spectrum Y Interpretation of NMR spectra Y Types of environmental effects - chemical shift and spin spin splitting Y Chemical shift —

shielding and deshielding of magnetic nuclei Y Measurement of chemical shift and spin spin splitting Y Factors influencing chemical shift Y Spin spin

splitting or spin spin coupling Y NMR spectrum of CH3CHO Y Cause of chemical shift and shielding Y The coupling constant J Y Factors influencing the

coupling constant J Y Rules governing multiple spectra when ∆v/J> 7 Y Chemical shift equivalence and magnetic equivalence Y Classification (ABX,

AMX, ABC, A B2 2 etc.) Y Double resonance — spin spin decoupling and Nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) Y Effect of chemical exchange on spectra Y

Deuterium labelling Y Determination of peak areas Y Sample handling Y Complicating factors Y Spectroscopy tricks Y Study of isotopes other than

protons Y Fluorine—19 Y Phosphorus—31 Y Carbon—13 Y Boron—11 Y Limitations of NMR spectroscopy Y Fourier Transform (FT) NMR Y

Advantages of FT NMR Y Applications of NMR spectroscopy Y Use of NMR in medical diagnostics Y Some solved problems Y Elec tron Spin

Res o nance Spec tros copy (Elec tron-Para mag netic Res o nance) Y Factors affecting the g-value Y Limitations of ESR Y Difference between ESR

and NMR Y Instrumentation Y Electron nucleus coupling or electron nucleus interaction Y Hyperfine interactions-isotropic and anisotropic coupling

21

(splitting) constants Y The spin hamiltonian Y Quantitative analysis Y Sensitivity Y Choice of solvent Y Applications of ESR Y Study of free radicals Y

Electronic structure and hyperfine splitting—Spin densities and McConnell relationship Y Triplet states — zero field splitting and Kramer’s degeneracy Y

Analytical applications of ESR Y Determination of reaction rates and mechanisms by ESR Y Structural determination by ESR Y Study of inorganic

compounds by ESR Y Transition elements Y Biological systems Y Endor and eldor Y Continuous process analysers Y Car bon- 13 NMR Spec tros copy

(CMR) Y Recording of 13C spectra Y Multiplicity - proton (1H) decoupling-noise decoupling Y Off resonance decoupling Y Selective proton decoupling Y

Deuterium substitution Y Chemical shift equivalence Y Chemical shift Y Chemical shifts for alkenes (ppm from TMS) Y Chemical shifts for substituted

alkenes (ppm from TMS) Y Chemical shifts for saturated heterocyclics (ppm from TMS) Y Chemical shifts for alcohols (ppm from TMS) Y Nu clear

Quadrupole Res o nance (NQR) Spec tros copy Y Quadrupole nuclei and quadrupole moment Y Electric field gradient (EFG) and quadrupole

coupling constant (QCC) Y Splitting in NQR spectra Y Applications of NQR spectroscopy Y Elec tron Mi cros copy and Elec tron Dif frac tion Y

Principles Y Instrumentation Y Disadvantages Y Applications Y Electron diffraction, X-ray projection microscopy and X-ray microprobe analysis Y

Electron diffraction Y Electron diffraction of gases and vapours Y Scattering intensity and scattering angle Y The Wierl equation and the measurement

techniques Y Correlation method Y The radial distribution method Y Applications of electron diffraction Y Low energy electron diffraction and structure of

surfaces Y Advantages of electron diffraction method over X-ray method Y X-ray projection microscopy Y X-ray microprobe analyser Y Instruments Y

Component arrangement Y X-ray optics Y Analytical information Y Sample preparation Y Applications Y Neu tron Dif frac tion Y Absorbance of matter

in matter — Scattering of neutrons by solids and liquids Y Diffraction of neutrons Y Neutron diffraction — theoretical Y Neutron diffraction —

experimental Y Applications of neutron diffraction Y Crystal structure Y Proton—neutron interaction Y Study of magnetic materials — Magnetic scattering

and elucidation of structure of magnetically ordered unit cell Y In providing a source of cold neutrons Y Mass Spec trom e try Y Principle of mass

spectrometry Y Advantages of mass spectrometry Y Mass spectrometer Y Principle of operation of mass spectrometer Y Reactions inside the mass

spectrometer Y Resolution Y Principle of measurement Y Double focusing Y Sample handling Y Ion sources Y Mass analysers Y Ion separators and time of

flight separators Y Measurement of ion currents Y Ion detectors Y Instrumentation and vacuum system Y The vacuum system Y Mass spectrum Y

Fragmentation Y Rules for predicting prominent peaks in mass spectrum Y Re-arrangements Y Important characteristics of mass spectra of some

compounds Y Alkanes and cycloalkanes Y Alkenes (unsaturated hydrocarbons) Y Aromatic hydrocarbons Y Alcohols Y Aromatic alcohols Y Phenols Y

Aliphatic ethers Y Aryl ethers Y Aliphatic ketones Y Aliphatic aldehydes Y Aromatic ketones Y Aromatic aldehydes Y Aliphatic carboxylic acids Y Aromatic

acids Y Aliphatic amines Y Aromatic monoamines Y Aliphatic nitriles Y Aliphatic nitro compounds Y Aromatic nitro compounds Y Nitrogen rule Y Ring

rule Y Qualitative applications Y Quantitative applications Y Mossbauer Spec tros copy Y Resonance fluorescence and absorption in nuclei Y

Mossbauer effect Y Apparatus for Mossbauer spectroscopy Y Lamb Mossbauer factor Y Mossbauer nuclides Y Formation of Mossbauer nuclides Y

Standard reference absorber Y Applications of Mossbauer spectroscopy Y Iron proteins.

Y In tro duc tion to Chem i cal Ki net ics Y Slow and Fast Reactions Y Why Reactions Proceed at Different Rates ? Y Rate of Reaction Y Velocity Constant

or Rate Constant Y Factor Affecting Reaction Rates Y Elementary Reaction Y Complex Reaction Y Molecularity of a Reaction Y Order of a Reaction Y

Order and Molecularity of Simple Reactions Y Order and Molecularity of Complex Reactions Y Reactions Having no Order Y Elementary, Composite and

Chain Reactions Y Zero Order Reactions Y First Order Reactions Y Algebra of First Order Reactions Y Characteristics of Reactions of First Order Y

First Order Rate Constant Y Physical Significance of k1 Y First Order Reactions in the Gas Phase Y First Order Reactions in Solutions Y First Order

Reactions Y Pseudo-Unimolecular Reactions Y Radioactive Decay Y Relative Strengths of Acids Y Second Order Reactions Y The Algebra of Second

Order Reactions Y Characteristics of the Second Order Reactions Y Physical Significance of k2 Y Third Order Reactions Y The Algebra of Different

Types of Third Order Reactions Y Characteristics of Third Order Reactions Y Examples of Third Order Reactions Y Complex Reactions or Reactions of

Higher Orders Y Algebra of nth Order Reactions Y Kinetic Explanation of Their Rarity Y Mechanism of Complex Reactions Y General mechanism of

Complex Reactions Y Franck-Robinovich Effect or Cage Effect Y Reactions of Fractional Orders Y Reactions of Fractional Order Y Algebra of

Fractional Order Reactions Y Characteristics Y Rate Equations for Reactions in Flow Systems Y Plug Flow Method Y Stirred Flow Method Y

Methods of Determination of Order of a Reaction Y Integration Method or Hit and Trial Method Y Fractional Change Method Y Graphical Method

Y Powell Graphical Method Y Van’t Hoff’s Differential Method Y Isolation Method Y Method of Ratio Variation Y Guggenheim’s Method of Analysis Y

Comparison of Methods Y Experimental Techniques for Slow Reactions Y Measurement of Rate of Slow Reactions Y Chemical Methods Y Physical

Methods Y Conventional Kinetic Systems Y Kinetics of Fast Reactions Y Absolute Rate Theory Applied to Fast Reactions Y Pulse Radiolysis Y

Disturbing Factors in Determining Order of Reactions Y Side Reactions or Parallel Reactions or Competing Reactions Y Opposing Reactions Y

Consecutive Reactions Y Surface Reactions Y Induction Period Y Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rates Y Temperature Co-Efficient Y

Explanation of Temperature Co-Efficient on the Basis of Simple Collision Theory Y The Arrhenius Equation Y Activation Energy and Chemical Reaction

Y The Activation Energies and the Potential Energy Surfaces Y Collision Theory of Reaction Rates Y Classical Collision Theory Y Modified

Collision Theory Y Absolute Reaction Rate or Transition State Theory Y Thermodynamical Formulation of Reaction Rate Y Comparison and

22

–Gurdeep Raj290–09 Chemical Kinetics

Collision Theory and Absolute Reaction Rate Theory Y Transmission Coefficient Y Entropy of Activation Y Advantages of Thermodynamic Formulation

over Absolute Theory of Reaction Rates Y Discussion of Transiton State Theory Y Validity of the Transition State Theory Y Unimolecular Reactions

Y The o ries of Unimolecular Re ac tions Y Trimolecular Re ac tions or Termolecular Re ac tions Y Sim ple Col li sion The ory Y Bodenstein’s

The ory Y Ab so lute The ory Y Re ac tions Mechanism Y Re ac tions Where First Step is the Rate-De ter min ing One Y Re ac tions in Which the First

Step of The Mech a nism is a Fast Equi lib rium Which Gives rise to an In ter me di ate and the lat ter thus Re acts Slowly in the Rate-De ter min ing Step

Y Re ac tions In volv ing More than Two El e men tary Pro cesses with at Least One Slow Step Y Re ac tions Where all the Steps Have Com pa ra ble

Rates Y Gen eral Mech a nism Ap pli ca ble to Ther mal De com po si tions and Iosmerisations Y Chain Re ac tions Y Distinguishing Features of Chain

Reactions Y Mech a nism of Chain Re ac tions Y De tec tion and Es ti ma tion of At oms and Rad i cals in Chain Re ac tions Y Ki net ics of Chain Re ac tions

Y Ex am ples of the Steady-State Treat ment Y Or ganic De com po si tions Y Autoxidations Y The Hy dro gen-Ox y gen Re ac tion Y Poly meri sa tion

Re ac tions Y Catalysis and Catalysts Y Types of Ca tal y sis Y Cri te ria or Char ac ter is tics of Ca tal y sis Y The ory of Ho mo ge neous Re ac tions Y

The ory of Het er o ge neous Ca tal y sis Y Quan ti ta tive Treat ment of Ad sorp tion (The ory of Het er o ge neous Ca tal y sis) Y Ab so lute Rate The ory in

Het er o ge neous Gas Reactions Y Classification of Catalysis Y Acid-Base Catalysis Y Kinetics in Liquid Solutions Y Theory of Absolute Reaction

Rates Applicable to Reactions in Ideal Solutions Y Theory of Absolute Rates Applicable to the Reaction Between Ions in Solution Y Salt Effect Y Linear

Free Energy Relationships (LFER) Y Relaxation Time for a Simple Reaction in Solution Y Kinetic Isotope Effects Y Diffusion-Controlled Reactions Y

Electrode Kinetics Y Oscillatory Reactions Y Atom-Atom Combination Reactions Y Kinetic Isotope Effect.

Y In tro duc tion of Photochemistry Y Importance of Photochemistry Y Types of Chemical Reactions Y Difference Between Dark and Photochemical

Reactions Y Thermal Emission and Photoluminescence Y Laws of Photochemistry Y Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation Y Absorption of Light Y

Laws of Photochemistry Y Determination of Compositon of the complex, ABn Y Spectrophotometric Determination of Equilibrium Constant Y Quantum

Efficiencies or Quantum Yields Y Experimental Determination of Quantum Yields Y Deviations in the Law of Photochemical Equivalence Y Factors

Affecting Quantum Yield Y Photochemical Reactions and their Kinetics Y Kinds of Photo Chemical Reactions Y Photochemical Kinetics Y Reactions

Which do not Involve Chains Y Photochemical Equilibrium or Photostationary State Y Photo Process Y Electronic Transition in Molecules Y

Consequences of Light Absorption : The Jablonski Diagram Y Luminescence Y Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Y Comparison of Fluorescence and

Phosphorescence with Absorption Methods Y Franck-Condon Principle Y Antistoke’s Behaviour Y Quenching of Fluorescence Y Chemiluminescence Y

Bioluminescence Y Electroluminescence Y Photosensitisation Y Energy Transfer in Photochemical Reactions: Photosensitization and Quenching Y

Atmosphric Photochemistry Y Photochemical Formation of Smog Y Biophotosensitization Y Protein Photo-Oxidation Y Nucleic Acids Y Photochemical

Inhibition Y Period of Induction Y Theory of Human Vision Y Thermoluminescence Y Triboluminescence Y Photophoresis Y Photochemical After-Effect

Y Budde Effect Y Drapper Effect Y Flash Photolysis Y Photoconductivity Y Radiation Chemistry Y Radiolysis of Water Y High-Energy Radiolysis Y Laser

Techniques Y Solar Energy Conversion and Storage Y Solar Energy Conversion and Storage Y Photo Addition Reactions Y Geometry of Excited States Y

Cis-trans Isomerization Reactions Y Photosynthesis Y Source of Oxygen liberated in Photosynthesis Y Photosynthesis and Pigments Y Path of Carbon

dioxide in Photosynthesis Y Mechanism of Photosynthesis Y Factors Affecting Photosynthesis Y Photosynthesis in Bacterial Systems Y Latent Image Y

Structure of the Silver Halide Grains Y Theories of Formation of Latent Image Y Effect of Temperature on the Formation of Latent Image Y Photoelectric

Effect Y Introduction to Photoelectric Effect Y Discovery of Photoelectric Effect Y Laws of Photoelectric Emission Y Explanation of Photoelectric Emission Y

Mechanism of Photoelectron Emission Y Photoelectric Cells Y Photoelectric Fatigue Y Photoelectrochemistry Y Hot Atom Reactions Y Radiation-

Chemical Reactions Y Primary Radiolytic Process Y Ion-pair Yield Y G value Y Wood-Bonhoeffer Method.

Y In tro duc tory Con cepts of Thermodynamics Y Various Branches of Thermodynamics Y Importance of Thermodynamics Y Limitations of

Thermodynamics Y Terminology of Thermodynamics Y Perfect Differentials Y Cyclic Rule Y Simple Systems Y Homogeneous Function Y Euler’s

Theorem on Homogeneous Functions Y Integrating Factor Y Zeroth Law of Ther mo dy nam ics Y Demonstration Y Mathematical Treatment of Zeroth

Law of Thermodynamics Y Limitation of Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics Y First Law of Thermodynamics Y Conservation of Energy-The First Law of

Thermodynamics Y Internal Energy Y Enthalpy Y Heat Capacity Y Heat Y Energy Y Work Y Reversible Work of Expansion (Reversibility and Maximum

Work) Y Irreversible Work of Expansion Y Comparison of Wrev and Wirr Y Work Done in Adiabatic Expansion of an Ideal Gas (Reversible Expansion) Y

Adiabatic Irreversible Expansion Y Quasi-static Process Y Polytropic Process Y Variation of Energy with Temperature and Volume Y Enthalpy as a

Functions of T and P Y Applications of the First Law of Thermodynamics Y Reversible Isothermal Expansion of Real Gas Obeying Van der Waals

23

–Gurdeep Raj291–07 Photo Chemistry

–Gurdeep Raj292–03 Thermodynamics

Equation Y Reversible Adiabatic Expansion of Real Gas Obeying Van der Waals Equation Y Thermochemistry Y Introduction to Thermochemistry Y

Thermochemical Equation Y Conventions Used in Writing Thermochemical Equations Y Heat of Reaction or Enthalpy of Reaction Y Factors on Which

Heat of Reaction or Enthalpy of Reaction Depends Y Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions Y Standard Enthalpy Changes Y Various Types of Enthalpy

Changes Y Experimental Determination of ∆ E and ∆H Y Kirchhoff’s Equation Y Maximum Flame Temperature Y Explosion Temperature Y Bond

Enthalpies or Energies Y Laws of Thermochemistry Y The Second Law of Ther mo dy nam ics Y Spontaneous Processes Y Non-Spontaneous Processes Y

Limitations of First Law of Thermodynamics-Need for the Second Law of Thermodynamics Y Statements of the Second Law of Thermodynamics Y Proof of

the Second Law Y Is Second Law True ? Y Is Second Law Applicable to Cycle Process Only ? Y Thermodynamic Scale Y Proof of the Equivalence of the

Kelvin-Planck and Clausius Statements Y Entropy Y Heat Engine Y Carnot’s Heat Engine Y Carnot’s Cycle in the Reverse Order-Refrigerator Y Carnot’s

Theorem Y Properties of a Cyclic Process : Clausius Theorem Y Entropy Y Physical Significance of Entropy Y Maxwell's Thermodynamical Re la tions

Y Derivation Y Free En ergy Work Functions Y The Helmholtz Free Energy Work Function, ‘A’ Y The Gibbs Free Energy Work Function, G Y

Gibbs-Helmholtz Equation Y Criteria for Feasibility or Spontaneity of a Process Y Coupled Reactions Y Thermodynamic Equilibria and Free Energy

Function Y Ther mo dy namic De duc tions from Free En ergy Functions Y Applications of Gibbs-Helmholtz Equation Y The Clapeyron-Clausius

Equation Y Entropies of Vaporization of Liquids at Their Normal Boiling Points-Trouton’s Rule Y Thermodynamics of Elevation of Boiling Point Y

Relation Between Osmotic Pressure and Elevation of Boiling Point Y Thermodynamics of Depression of Freezing Point Y Relation Between Osmotic

Pressure and Depression of Freezing Point Y Raoult’s Law Y Chemical Equilibrium Y Reversible Reactions Y Irreversible Reactions Y Chemical

Equilibrium Y Law of Mass Action Y Le Chatelier’s Principle Y Thermodynamic Derivation of Law of Mass Action Y Van’t Hoff’s Reaction Isotherm Y

Vant’s Hoff’s Reaction Isochore Y Van’t Hoff Reaction Isobar Y Nernst Heat The o rem and Third Law of Thermodynamics Y Nernst Heat

Theorem Y Third Law of Thermodynamics Y Exceptions to the Third Law Y Entropy and Degeneracy Y Comparison of the Third Law With Other

Laws Y Chem i cal Affinity Y Introduction to Chemical Affinity Y Applications of Chemical Affinity Y Limitations Y Methods for Determining the

Chemical Affinity of A Reaction Y Partial Mo lar Properties Y Introduction to Partial Molar Properties Y Physical Significance of Partial Molar

Quantities Y Determination of Partial Molar Properties Y Chemical Potential Y Gibbs Duhem Equation Y Variation of Chemical Potential With

Temperature Y Chemical Potential of a Pure Solid or Pure Liquid Y Chemical Potential of a Pure Ideal Gas Y The Chemical Potential of an Ideal Gas

in a Mixture of Ideal Gases Y Thermodynamic Functions of Mixing Y Ideal Solutions and Chemical Potential Y Applications of The Concept of

Chemical Potential Y De Donders Concept of Degree of Advancement of a Reaction Y Fugacity Y Introduction to Fugacity Y Fugacity Coefficient Y

Units of Fugacity and Fugacity Coefficient Y Fugacity of Solids and Liquids Y Determination of Fugacity Y Change of Fugacity with Pressure Y

Change of Fugacity with Temperature Y Fugacity of a Gas in a Mixture of Real Gases Y Determination of Fugacity of a Gas in a Mixtures : Lewis

Randall Rule Y Ac tiv ity and Ac tiv ity Co ef fi cients Y Introduction to Activity Y Activity Coefficient of a Gas Y Relation Between Fugacity and

Activity Coefficient of a Gas Y Activity and Activity Coefficient of Solution Y Choice of The Standard State Y Determination of Activity Y Variation of

Activity of a Gas with Pressure and Temperature Y Variation of Activity Coefficient of a Gas with Pressure and Temperature Y Spe cific Heat of

Sol ids and Gases Y Specific Heat of Solids Y Specific Heat of Gases Y Statistical Ther mo dy nam ics (Maxwell-Boltzmann Sta tis tics) Y

Statistical Mechanics Y Statistical Thermodynamics Y Statistical Methods Y Probability Theorems in Statistical Thermodynamics Y Phase Space Y

System Y System, Assembly and Ensemble Y Statistical Weight Factor, g Y Configuration Y Liouville’s Theorem Y Statistical Equilibrium Y Probability

Y Statistical Probability Y Thermodynamic Probability Y Relationship between Probability and Thermodynamic Probability of a Macrostate Y Most

Probable Macrostate of a System ( )Wmp Y Relation Between Entropy and Thermodynamic Probability Y Stirling’s Approximation Y Postulates of

Statistical Mechanics Y General Expression for W, the Thermodynamic Probability Y Classical or Botzmann’s Statistics (Boltzmann’s Distribution Law)

or Maxwell-Boltmann’s Statistics Y Conditions of Applicability of Boltzmann’s Statistics Y Partition Function Y Expression for the Total Molecular

Partition Function of a System Y Partition Functions and Thermodynamic Functions Y Relationship Between Molar Partition Function ( )Z and

Molecular Partition Function ( )Q of a System Y Expressions for Thermodynamic Functions in Terms of Molar Partition Functions ‘ ’Z Y Expression for

Translational Partition Function ( )Qt of a Particle (Atom or Molecule) Y Applications of Translational Partition Function Y Thermodynamic Functions

of a Perfect Monoatomic Gas Y Molecular Rotational Partition Function ( )Qrot Y Rotational Thermodynamic Functions Y Vibrational Partition

Function ( )Qvib of a Diatomic Molecule Y Vibrational Thermodynamic Functions Y Electronic Partition Function Y Electronic Thermodynamic

Functions Y Nuclear Partition Function Y Total Partition Function Y Internal Partition Function ( )Qi of an Atomic System Y Statistical Expression for

Equilibrium Constant Y Equipartition of Energy Y Bose-Einstein Statistics Y Limitations of Maxwell-Boltzmann Statistics Y Bose-Einstein Statistics

Y Bose-Einstein Condensation Y Fermi-Dirac Statistics Y Comparison Amongst Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac Statistics Y

Calculation of Fermi Energy of Electron Gas in the Metal Y Average Energy of an Electron in Metals Y Thermodynamic Functions of Degenerate

Fermi-Dirac Gas Y Thermionic Emission Y Non-Equi lib rium or Ir re vers ible Ther mo dy nam ics Y Reversible and irreversible Processes Y Types

of Irrersibility of a Process Y Postulates of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics Y Entropy Production Y Entropy Production and its Rate in Heat Flow Y

Entropy Production and its Rate in Matter (or Mass) Flow Y Entropy Production and its Rate in a Chemical Reaction Y Flow, Flux and Force Y Forces

and Fluxes Y Onsagar Relations and Applications Y Wiener-Khintchine Theorem Fourier Analysis of a Random Function Y Linear Laws Y Stationary

States Y Stationary States and Entropy Production Y Prigogine’s Principle of Minimum Entropy Production Y Entropy Production In Coupled

Phenomena Y Applications of Irreversible Thermodynamics to Thermoelectric Effects.

24

Y Introduction Y Analytical chemistry Y Role of analytical chemistry Y Classification of analytical method-classical and instrumental methods Y

Advantages of instrumental methods Y Advantages of chemical methods Y Limitations of methods Y Limitations of chemical methods Y Factors

affecting the development of physicochemical methods Y The analytical chemist and analyst Y Areas of analytical chemistry Y Problems in analysis

Y Steps in analysis Y Types of instrumental analysis Y Selection of an analytical method Y Sensitivity and detection limits Y Precision and accuracy Y

Fundamentals in analytical chemistry Y Good laboratory habits (neatness and cleanliness) Y Methods of analysis Y Mass, weight, weighing

techniques Y Analytical balance Y Weighing errors Y Weighing the sample Y Volumetric techniques Y Common laboratory operations Y Filtering Y

Drying Y Measuring volume and calibration of burettes and pipettes Y Graphs Y Stoichiometry Y Standards Y Chemical standards Y Basic

laboratory operations Y Sampling Y Drying Y Weighing Y Dissolving Y Acid treatment Y Flux treatment Y Difficulties in using fluxes Y

Decomposition of organic matter Y Requirements for the suitability of a reaction for use in chemical analysis Y Precipitation Y Formation of

precipitate Y Properties of precipitates Y Particle size Y Colloidal state Y Coprecipitation Y Post precipitation Y Surface adsorption Y Steps in

minimising surface adsorption Y Occlusion Y Types of precipitates Y Types of precipitating reagents Y Rules of work in an analytical laboratory Y

General rules of performing quantitative determinations Y Rules of performing volumetric determinations Y Rules of performing gravimetric

determinations Y Laboratory note book Y Safety in the analytical laboratory Y Reagents Y General safety regulations - Handling of reagents Y Rules

of working with harmful substances Y Rules of fire prevention Y First aid in case of burns and cuts Y Prevention of accidents and first aid in

laboratory Y Error and Evaluation Y Errors Y Determinate or constant errors Y Types of determinate errors - sources of errors and the effects upon

the analytical results Y Types of indeterminate or random errors Y Accuracy and precision Y Absolute error and relative error Y Mean, median,

standard deviation, relative mean deviation and relative standard deviation Y Rejection of measurements Y Confidence interval tests of significance

Y Minimisation of errors Y Significant figures and computation - Statistical evaluation of data Y Computation rules - methods for reporting analytical

data Y Use of the slide rule Y Use of the logarithms Y Food Analysis Y Qualitative analysis - organic substances Y Quantitative analysis Y Test for

proteins Y Colour tests for proteins Y Test for carbohydrates Y Determination of moisture, ash, crude protein, crude fibre etc. in food materials

Moisture Y Ash Y Crude fat or ether extract Y Soxhlet extractor Y Crude protein Y True protein Y Curde fibre Y Starch Y Analysis of sugars

(carbohydrates) Y Estimation of sucrose in a given sample of cane sugar Y Estimation of glucose and sucrose in cane juice Y Estimation of glucose

and sucrose in a sample of gur Y Estimation of glucose and sucrose in a sample of gur (iodometric method) Y Determination of phosphorus in plant

or food material Y Destruction of organic matter Y Determination of total Na, K, Ca and Mg in food materials (by flame photometry) Y Pressure

regulators and flow meters Y Flame source Y Atomizers and burners Y Optical and electronic system Y Photosensitive detectors Y Flame

photometers Y Flame spectrophotometers Y Single beam and double beam instruments Y Calibration curve Y Pesticides Analysis Y Separation

and detection of pesticides by TLC Y Separation of isomers of hexachlorocyclohexane (BHC of HCH) by TLC Y Separation of chlorinated

pesticides by TLC Y Separation of organo phosphorus pesticides by TLC Y Separation of pesticides by GLC Y Separation of pesticides by HPLC Y

Separation of pesticides by polarography Y Analysis of pesticides by spectrometric methods Y Pesticide analysis in food products Y Analysis of BHC

residues in foodstuffs Y Determination of DDT residues in food grains Y Determination of methyl parathion residues in food grains and vegetables Y

Estimation of malathion residues in food grains Y Food Adulteration Y Food adulteration Y Common food adulterants of main foodstuffs Y

Detection or microscopic examination of adulterants in some common foodstuffs Y Cereals Y Pulses Y Beverages Y Milk Y Vegetable oils and fats Y Pure

ghee Y Sweets Y Spices and condiments Y Food additives Y Contamination of foodstuffs Y Sampling of can contents Y Direct microscopic examination Y

Interpretation of results Y Analysis of Water Pollution Y Water Pollution Y Origin of waste water Y Definitions of water pollution Y Water

Pollutants Y Types of water pollution Y Physical pollution of water Y Chemical pollution of water Y Biological pollution of water Y Physiological

pollution of water Y Types of Water Pollution Y Ground water pollution Y Protecting ground water from pollution Y Surface water pollution Y

Lake water pollution Y How excess nutrients can kill a lake Y River water pollution Y Water deterioration at world level Y Sea water pollution Y

Marine pollution Y Oil pollution of water Y Sources of oil pollutants in sea water Y Effect of oil pollution in marine water Y Counter measures against

oil spills Y Sources of Water Pollution Y Sewage and domestic wastes Y Industrial effluents Y Agricultural discharges Y Fertilizers Y Detergents Y

Toxic metals Y Siltation Y Thermal pollutants Y Radioactive materials in water Y Classification of Water Pollutants Y Inorganic pollutants and

toxic metals Y Detrimental effects of inorganic pollutants Y Toxic metals Y Detrimental effects of trace metals Y Organic pollutants Y Detrimental

effects of organic pollutants Y Sediments Y Detrimental effects of sediments Y Synthetic detergents Y Detrimental effects of detergents Y Oxygen

demanding wastes Y Disease causing agents Y Detrimental effects of pathogens Y Index organisms of water contamination Y Radioactive pollutants

Y Detrimental effects of radioactive pollutants in water Y Plant nutrients Y Eutrophication Y Thermal pollutants in water Y Detrimental effects of

thermal pollutants Y Biological pollutants Y Detrimental effects of primary pollutants Y Detrimental effects of corollary pollutants Y Pesticides

pollution Y Sources of pesticidal pollutants in water Y Persistent pesticides Y Distribution of persistent pesticides Y Biological magnification

25

–B.K. Sharma298–05 Analytical Chemistry

Y Biodegradation of pesticides Y Mode of poisoning of pesticides Y General toxic effects of some pesticides Y The degradation and mobility of pesticides

Y Gaseous pollutants Y Farm wastes Y Fertilizers Y Suspended matters Y Auto exhaust as water pollutant Y Analysis of Water Pollutants Y Analysis

of water pollutants Y Chemical and physical examination of water Y Taking the sample Y Preservation and preconcentration methods Y Important

parameters for water analysis Y Colour Y Turbidity Y Odour Y Taste Y Temperature Y Hydrogen ion concentration (pH) Y Electrical conductivity Y

Solids Y Suspended solids Y Dissolved solids Y Total solids Y Acidity Y Total acidity Y Alkalinity Y Free carbon dioxide Y Free chlorine Y Chlorine

demand Y Hardness Y Methods of determining hardness Y Different forms of nitrogen Y Ammonia Y Free ammonia Y Albuminoid nitrogen Y Nitrate

and nitrite Y Alternative methods of analysing nitrite and nitrate Y Nitrite Y Nitrate Y Cyanide Y Sulphate Y Sulphide Y Chloride Y Fluoride Y

Fluoridation Y Phosphates Y Dissolved oxygen Y Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) Y Chemical oxygen demand (COD) Y Heavy Metal

Pollution Y Trace metals, light metals and heavy metals Y Deadly heavy metals Y Sources of heavy metals Y Heavy metals-poisons in every bite Y Public

health significance of some heavy metals Y Arsenic Y Lead Y Mercury Y Mercury poisoning episodes Y Copper Y Chromium Y Zinc Y Manganese Y

Cadmium Y General instrumental techniques for the analysis of heavy metals in air and water Y Soil Analysis Y Fundamentals Y Determination of soil

moisture Y Soil reaction Y pH value Y Determination of pH of the soil Y Colorimetric determination of the soil pH Y Potentiometric determination of pH Y

Advantages of hydrogen electrode Y Disadvantages of hydrogen electrode Y pH indicating electrodes Y Advantages of quinhydrone electrode Y

Disadvantages of quinhydrone electrode Y Measurement of pH of the soil with glass electrode Y Advantages of glass electrode Y Disadvantages of glass

electrode Y Advantages of antimony electrode Y Disadvantages of antimony electrode Y Determination of lime and liming material in soil Y

Determination of silica and phosphorus in soil Y Determination of total nitrogen in soils Y Determination of total nitrogen of the soil (alternate method) Y

Determination of total manganese in soil Y Determination of total sulphur in soils Y Determination of soluble salts (alkali salts) in soils Y Mechanical

analysis of soil Y Fuels and Fuel Analysis Y What is a fuel Y Calorific value Y Determination of calorific value Y Modern concept of fuels Y Classification

of fuels Y Criterion of selection of fuel Y Properties of fuels Y Fossil fuels Y Solid Fuels Y Natural solid fuels Y Artificial solid fuels Y Industrial solid fuels Y

Formation of coal Y Properties of coal Y Classification of coal Y Coking and non coking coals Y Pulverised coal Y Role of sulphur and ash in coal Y

Advantages of solid fuels over liquid and gaseous fuels Y Disadvantages of solid fuels over liquid and gaseous fuels Y Composition of coal Y Analysis of

coal Y Proximate analysis Y Ultimate analysis Y Calorific value (theoretical calculation) Y Fuels for metallurgy Y Colloidal fuels Y Gaseous fuels Y

Classification of gaseous fuels Y Natural gaseous fuels Y Natural gasoline Y Aviation gasoline Y Kerosene oil Y Gas oil Y Diesel fuel Y Benzol Y Artificial

gaseous fuels Y Water gas Y Carburetted water gas Y Producer gas Y Semiwater gas Y Oil gas Y Liquid petroleum gas (LPG) Y Bio gas or gobar gas Y More

efficient biogas plants Y Better biogas plants Y Small scale biogas synthesis Y To make biogas less polluting Y Advantages of gaseous fuels over solid and

liquid fuels Y Disadvantage of gaseous fuels Y Gas analysis Y Methods employed Y Gas collection Y Simple gas burette levelling tube and

pipette—Hempel apparatus Y General procedure Y Analysis of fuel gases Y Orsat apparatus for fuel gases Y Liquid fuels Y Petroleum Y Occurrence Y

Mining of petroleum Y Prospecting Y Colour and consistency Y Origin Y Composition Y Classification Y Grading of petroleum Y Determination of flash

point Y Determination of aniline point Y Determination of carbon residue Y Knocking Y Antiknock compounds Y Octane number Y Cetane number Y

Clinical Analysis Y Com po si tion of blood Y Col lec tion and pres er va tion of blood sam ples Y An ti co ag u lants Y Pres er va tion of sam ples Y Se rum

elec tro lytes Y De ter mi na tion of blood glu cose Y De ter mi na tion of blood urea and blood urea ni tro gen Y Diacetyl monoxime method Y Mod i fied

diacetylmonoxime (DAM) thiosemicarbazide (TSC) method Y Blood urea ni tro gen Y De ter mi na tion of se rum uric acid Y De ter mi na tion of to tal pro tein

al bu min, glob u lin and AG. ra tio Y Biuret method Y Spe cific grav ity method Y De ter mi na tion of se rum bar bi tu rates (spec tro pho to met ric method) Y

De ter mi na tion of se rum al ka line phos phate Y De ter mi na tion of se rum acid phosphatase Y Radioimmunoassay (RIA) Y Prin ci ple of RIA Y Ap pli ca tions of

RIA Y Blood Gas Anal y sis Y Pro cess of ob tain ing ar te rial blood sam ple Y Blood gas sym bols Y Blood gas in stru men ta tion Y Ar te rial blood gases Y

De ter mi na tion of par tial pres sure of car bon diox ide (PCO2) Y De ter mi na tion of ox y gen sat u ra tion (SO2) Y De ter mi na tion of ox y gen (O2) con tent Y

De ter mi na tion of par tial pres sure of ox y gen (PO2) Y De ter mi na tion of car bon di ox ide ( CO2 ) con tent or to tal car bon di ox ide (TCO2) Y De ter mi na tion of

blood pH Y Trace El e ments in the Body Y Calcium Y Mag ne sium Y Bi o log i cal func tion of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions Y So dium Y Po tas sium Y Bi o log i cal

func tion of Na+ and K+ ions Y Chlo rine Y Phos pho rus Y Fluorine Y Io dine Y Sul phur Y Cop per Y Zinc Y Mo lyb de num Y Man ga nese Y Chro mium Y

Co balt Y Iron Y Bioinorganic chem is try of iron Y Drug Anal y sis Y Nar cot ics and dan ger ous drugs Y Clas si fi ca tion of drugs Y Phar ma co log i cal

clas si fi ca tion Y Chem i cal clas si fi ca tion Y Clas si fi ca tion ac cord ing to the ac tion on an or gan ism Y Clas si fi ca tion ac cord ing to ther a peu tic ac tion Y

Clas si fi ca tion ac cord ing to ef fect Y Meth ods of screen ing and investigating the drugs Y Chem i cal meth ods Y Complexometric method of ti tra tion Y Acid

base titration in non aque ous me dia Y Ex press anal y sis Y Physicochemical meth ods Y Op ti cal meth ods Y Refractometry Y Polarimetry Y Fluorimetry Y

Some de ter mi na tions by fluorimetry Y Spectrophotometry Y Elec tro chem i cal meth ods Y Potentiometry Y Polarography Y Chro mato graphic meth ods Y

Thin layer chro ma tog ra phy Y Sep a ra tion of vitamins by TLC Y Pa per chro ma tog ra phy Y Sep a ra tion of amino ac ids by pa per chro ma tog ra phy Y Ion

ex change chro ma tog ra phy Y Gas chromatography Y Separation of amino acids by gas chromatography Y High performance liquid chromatography

(HPLC) Y Biological methods Y Radioimmnroassay (RIA) methods.

26

Y In tro duc tion to Biostatistics Y Definition of Biostatistics Y Brief History of Biostatistics Y What can be Done with Biostatistics Y Some

Definitions and Concepts Y Applications of Biostatistics Y Statistical Symbols Y Scales of Measurement Y Pop u la tion and Sam ples Y Advantages

of Using a Sample Y Use of Tables of Random Numbers for Sampling Y Other Sampling Methods Y Sampling Techniques Y Sampling and

Non-sampling Errors Y De scrib ing the Data : Tab u lar and Graphic Ap proaches Y Tabular Representation Y Graphical Representation Y

Properties of Graphically Represented Frequency Destributions Y Mea sure of Cen tral Lo ca tion Y Various Measures of Central Tendency Y

Arithmetic Mean Y Other Averages Y Median Y Mode Y Comparison of the Mean, Median, and Mode Y Measures of Position Y Mea sure of

Vari abil ity Y Range Y Mean Deviation Y Variance Y Standard Deviation Y Coefficient of Variation Y Mo ments, Skew ness and Kurtosis Y Moment Y

Skewness Y Kurtosis Y Ba sic Prob a bil ity Con cepts Y Combining Probabilities Y Some The o ret i cal Dis tri bu tions Y Binomial Distribution Y

Poisson Distribution Y Comparison between Binomial and Poisson Distribution Y Normal Probability Distribution Y Standard Normal Distribution Y

Applications of Normal Curve Distribution Curve Y Sam pling Dis tri bu tion Y Construction of Distribution of Sample Mean X Y Functional Form of

Sampling Disribution of X Y Practical value of Sampling Distribution of X Y Es ti ma tions I Y Point Estimate Y Interval Estimate Y Interval Estimate of a

Population Mean Y Interval Estimation of a Population Mean when σ is Unknown Y Working Rule for Computing Confidence interval for Population

Means Y Determination of Sample Size Y Es ti ma tion II Y Estimation of the Difference Between Two Means Y Sampling Distribution of X X1 2– Y

Confidence Interval for ( – )µ µ1 2 Y Summary of Formulae Y Hy poth e sis Test ing Y Errors Involved in Hypothesis Testing Y Level of Significance Y

Procedure for Hypothesis Testing Y Two-Tailed Tests About A Population Mean Y One-Tailed Tests of Means Y Hypothesis Testing By Means of a

Confidence Interval Y Statistical Decision Rules For Two-Tailed Tests When Variance is Unknown Y Statistical Inference about Means of Two Populations

Y F-Tests Y Sampling Distribution of S

S

12

22

Y Test of Hypothesis About the Variance of Two Populations Y Anal y sis of Vari ance Y One Way Analysis of

Variance Y Working Rule for ANOVA Procedure Y Coding of Data Y Extension to Two-Way ANOVA Y Two-Way Anal y sis of Vari ance Y Cor re la tion

Anal y sis Y Types of Correlation Y Methods of Studying Correlation Y Calculation of r by the Deviation Method Y Test for significance of Relationship Y

Interpretation of the Correlation Coefficient Y Re gres sion Anal y sis Y The Scatter Diagram Y Linear Regression Y Plotting the Regression Line Y The variance

Around the Regression Line Y Confidence Intervals in Regression Y χ2-Chi-Square Test Y Chi-square Distribution and its Characteristics Y Uses of

Chi-Square Y Degrees of Freesdom Y Method to Calculate the Expected Frequencies Y Necessary Sample Size Y The Continuity Correction Y

Working Rule for the Chi-Square Test Y Testing Goodness of Fit Y χ2 Distribution of Sample Variance Y Nonparametric Meth ods or Tests

Y When to use Non-Parametric Methods Y Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test Y Mann-Whiteney Test Y Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test Y Kruskal-Wallis

Test for Differences and More than Two Populations Y M NemarC Test Y Sign Test for Paired Comparisions Y Rank Correlation Y

Ap pli ca tions of Com put ers in Biostatistical Anal y sis Y Role of Computers in Biostatistics Y Computer Programmes for Biostatistical

Analysis Y Ap pen dix: Sta tis ti cal Ta bles Y Concise Dictionary of Biostatistics.

Y Cel lu lar Ba sis of Bio chem is try Y Na ture and Scope of Bio chem is try Y Bio phys i cal Chem is try Y Bi o log i cal Im por tant Prop er ties of

wa ter Y Intermolecular Forces Y Ion iza tion (Ionic Dis so ci a tion) Y Ac ids and Bases Y Dis so ci a tion of Wa ter Y The pH Value Y Buffer So lu tion Y

Prop er ties of So lu tion Y Dif fu sion Y Os mo sis and Os motic Pres sure Y Di al y sis Y Col loi dal State Y The Donnan Equi lib rium Y En zymes Y Chem i cal

Na ture of the En zymes Y Coenzymes Y Prop er ties of En zymes Y Fac tors Af fect ing En zyme Ac tiv ity Y Units of En zyme Ac tiv ity Y In hi bi tion Y

Com pet i tive in hi bi tion (Re vers ible in hi bi tion) Y Non-com pet i tive in hi bi tion (Ir re vers ible in hi bi tion) Y Allosteric in hi bi tion (End prod uct

in hi bi tion) Y Sub strate and prod uct in hi bi tion Y Mech a nism of En zyme Ac tion Y Ge netic Code and En zyme Synthesis Y No men cla ture and

Clas si fi ca tion of En zymes Y Oxidoreductases Y Trans fer as es Y Hy dro las es Y Lyases Y Iso mer as es Y Ligases Y (Syn the tas es) Y Isoenzymes Y

27

–Pardeep K. Jasra, Gurdeep Raj256–04 Biostatistics

Multi-En zyme Com plexes Y Lo ca tion of En zymes in the Cell Y Di ag nos tic Ap pli ca tions of the En zymes Y Ther a peu tic Uses of En zymes Y Bi o log i cal

Ox i da tions (Me tab o lism of Ox y gen) Y Com bus tion and Bi o log i cal Ox i da tion Y Ox i da tions Brought About Di rectly by Ox y gen Y Ox i da tions

Brought About as Loss of Hy dro gen Y Lo cal iza tion of the Re spi ra tory chain in Mi to chon dria Y Ox i da tion Po ten tial Y Ox i da tive Phosphorylation

(Phosphorylative Ox i da tion) Y Sub strate Level Phosporylation Y Uti li za tion of High En ergy Phos phate Y En ergy Rich Com pounds Y

Transphosphorylations. Y Chem is try and Me tab o lism of Car bo hy drates Y Chem is try of Car bo hy drates Y No men cla ture and Clas si fi ca tion Y

Gen eral Re ac tions of Monosaccharides Y Con fig u ra tions of Monosaccharides Y Cy clic (Ring) Struc tures of Sug ars Y In di vid ual Car bo hy drates of Bi o log i cal

Im por tance Y Interconversion of Sug ars Y Me tab o lism of Car bo hy drates Y Me tab o lism of Car bo hy drates Y Stor age of Car bo hy drates-Gly co gen syn the sis

and break down Y Ox i da tion Y Glycolysis Y The Cit ric Acid Cy cle Y The Pentose Phos phate Path way or Hexose Monophosphate (HMP) Shunt Y Other

Path ways of Glu cose Me tab o lism Y The Uronic acid path way Y Me tab o lism other hex oses and glyc erol Y Me tab o lism of amino sug ars (Hexoamines) Y Pas teur

and Carbtree Ef fects Y Gluconeogenesis Y Com par i son of Car bo hy drate Me tab o lism in Var i ous Tis sues Y Chem is try of Mus cle Con trac tion Y Blood Sugar

Level Y Glycosuria or Mellitus Y Di a be tes Mellitus Y Glu cose Tol er ance Y Glycosylate Hae mo glo bin Y Chem is try of Car bo hy drates Y Me tab o lism of

Car bo hy drates Y Chem is try of Lipid Y Clas si fi ca tion Y Glyc erol Y Sim ple Lipids Y Fats and Oils Y Waxes Y Com pound Lipids Y Phospholipids

(Phosphatides) Y Glyco lipids, Galactolipids or Ce rebro sides Y De rived Lipids Y Ster ols Y Bile Ac ids Y Hor mones Y Nor mal Dis tri bu tion of Lipids in

Var i ous Tis sues Y Me tab o lism of Lipids Y Di ges tion of Fats Y Me tab o lism of Fats and Oils (Neu tral or Sim ple Lipids) Y Ox i da tion of Fatty Ac ids Y

Ox i da tion of Odd-car bon Fatty Ac ids Y Ox i da tion of Un sat u rated Fatty Ac ids Y Ke to sis Y Ketogenesis Y Biosynthesis of Fatty Ac ids Y Prostaglandins Y

Biosynthesis of Fats (Tri glyc er ides) Y Biosynthesis of Phospholipids (Phosphatides) Y Ca tab o lism of Phospholipids Y Me tab o lism of Ce rebro sides Y

Metabolism of Steriods Syn the sis of Cho les terol Y Ca tab o lism of Cho les terol Y Ca tab o lism of Cho les terol to Neu tral Ster ols Y Ca tab o lism of

Cho les terol to Bile Ac ids Y Ca tab o lism of Cho les terol to Ste roid Hor mones Y Role of Liver in Lipid Me tab o lism Y Fatty Liver and Lipotroprism Y

Hor monal Con trol of Lipids me tab o lism Y Chem is try and Me tab o lism of Amino Ac ids and Pro teins Y Chem is try of Amino Ac ids and

Pro teins Y Clas si fi ca tion of Amino Ac ids Y Char ac ter is tics of Amino Ac ids Y Polypeptides Y Pro teins Y Char ac ter is tics of Pro teins Y Func tions of

pro teins Y Clas si fi ca tion to Pro teins Y Com po si tion of Pro teins Y Struc ture of Pro teins Y Me tab o lism of Pro teins and Amino Ac ids Y Di ges tion of

Pro teins Y Met a bolic Ni tro gen Pool Y Ni tro gen Bal ance Y Me tab o lism of Pro teins Y Pro teins Biosynthesis Y Ge netic Code Y Hor monal Ef fects on

Pro tein Anabolism Y Gen eral Ca tab o lism of Amino Ac ids Y Con ver sion of α-Amino ac ids to α-Keto Ac ids Y Dis posal of Ni tro gen Y Dis posal of Car bon

Skel e ton Y Dis posal of Sul phur Y Energetics of Amino Ac ids Ox i da tion Y Gen eral Bio chem i cal Re a ction in volved in Amino Ac ids Ca tab o lism Y

Ca tab o lism of In di vid ual Amino Ac ids Y Lysine Y Tryptophan Y Phenylalanine and Ty ro sine Y (Ar o matic Amino Ac ids) Y Threonine Y Valine, Leucine

and Isoleucine Y Methionine Y Semidispensable Amino Ac ids Y Cysteine and Cystine Y Serine Y Glycine Y Arginine Y Histidine Y Glutamic Acid Y

As par tic Acid and Asparagine Y Proline Y Hydroxyproline Y Alanine Y Biosynthesis of Amino Ac ids Y In te gra tion of Car bo hy drates, Lipids and Pro teins

Me tab o lism Y Interconversion Be tween Three Dif fer ent Metabolities Y Reg u la tion and Con trol of Me tab o lism Y Chem is try and Me tab o lism of Nu cleic

Ac ids Y Chem is try Y Struc ture of the Nu cleic Ac ids Y Struc ture of Nu cleo tides Y Ar range ment of Nu cleo tides in Nu cleic Acid and the Struc ture of the Re sult ing

Mol e cule (Nu cleic acid) Y Bi o log i cally Im por tant Free Nu cleo tides Y Me tab o lism of Nu cleic Ac ids Y Me tab o lism of Phos pho ric Acid Y Me tab o lism of

Pentoses Y Me tab o lism of Pu rine Nu cleo tides Y Me tab o lism of Py rim i dine Nu cleo tides Y Me tab o lism of the Free Nu cleo tides (Coenzymes) Y Mononucleotides

Y Dinucleotides Y Me tab o lism of Nu cleic Ac ids (Biosynthesis) Y Bi o log i cal Sig nif i cance of Nu cleic Ac ids Y Cy clic AMP Y Bio chem i cal Im por tance of

Cy clic AMP Y The me tab o lism of In or ganic El e ments and Wa ter Y Cal cium Y Phos pho rus Y Mag ne sium Y So dium, Po tas sium and

Chlo rine Y Iron [Fe] Y Sul phur (S) Y Cop per (Cu) Y Io dine (I) Y Zinc (Zn) Y Co balt (Co) Y Man ga nese (Mn) Y Mo lyb de num Y Flu o rine (F) Y

Distribution of Water Y Wa ter Bal ance Y Elec tro lyte Bal ance and its Main te nance Y Cerebrospinal Fluid Y En ergy Me tab o lism Y Ca lo ric

Value of Food Y Re spi ra tory Quo tient (R.Q.) of Food stuffs Y Basal Me tab o lism Y Calorigenic or Spe cific Dy namic Ac tion (SDA) of Foods Y

En ergy Re quired for Dif fer ent Mus cu lar Ac tiv i ties Y To tal Ca lo ric Re quire ments Y Gen eral Bio chem i cal As pects of Diet Y Carbohydates Y

Lipids Y Pro teins Y Bal anced Diet Y Di etary Guide lines Y Vi ta mins Y Dis cov ery Y Clas si fi ca tion and No men cla ture Y Met a bolic Func tions of

the Vi ta mins Y Vi ta min A Y Vi ta min D (Calciferol) Y Vi ta min E (To coph erols) Y Vi ta min K Y Thi a min (Vi ta min B1) Y Ri bo fla vin (Vi ta min B2 or

Vi ta min G) Y Ni a cin Y (Nic o tinic acid) Y Pyridoxine (Vi ta min B6) Y Pantothenic acid (Vi ta min B3) Y Carnitine Y Bi o tin Y Fo lic Acid Y p-Amino

ben zoic Acid (PABA) Y Vi ta min B12 (Cobalamines) Y Inositol Y α-Lipoic acid (Thioctic Acid) Y Choline Y Vi ta min C (Ascor bic Acid) Y

Di ges tion and Ab sorp tion Y Di ges tion Y Di ges tion in the Mouth Y Di ges tion in the Stom ach Y Di ges tion in the In tes tine Y Ab sorp tion Y

Ab sorp tion of Car bo hy drates Y Ab sorp tion of Lipids Y Ab sorp tion of Amino Ac ids and Pro teins Y Changes in the Large In tes tine Y For ma tion

and Com po si tion of Fe ces Y Detoxication Mech a nism (The Me tab o lism of For eign Com pounds) Y Mech a nism of Detoxication Y

Ox i da tion Y Re duc tion Y Hy dro ly sis Y Con ju ga tion Y Detoxication of Pu tre fac tion Prod ucts in the Large In tes tine Y The Blood Y Func tions of

Blood Y Blood Vol ume Y Blood Groups Y Blood Trans fu sion Blood Com po si tion Y Blood Count ing Y Phys i cal Char ac ter is tics of Blood Y The

Formed El e ments of the Blood Y Eryth ro cytes (Red Blood Cor pus cles, RBC) Y Chem is try of He mo glo bin Y Me tab o lism of He mo glo bin Y

Porphyrinuria and Porphyria Y Leu co cytes (White Blood Cor pus cles, WBC) Y Blood Plate lets (Thrombocytes) Y Co ag u la tion (Clot ting) of

Blood Y In hib i tors of Co ag u la tion Y Fibrinolysis Y Blood Clot ting Fac tors Y The Plasma Pro teins Y Al bu min Y Glob u lin Y Fibrinogen Y

En zymes Y The for ma tion of Plasma Pro teins Y Func tions of Plasma Pro teins Y The Res pi ra tion Y Com position of In spired and Ex pired

Gases Y Ni tro gen in Plasma Y Par tial Pres sure of Gases Y Dif fu sion Gra di ent and Gas Flow Y Trans port of Ox y gen Y Trans port of Car bon

Di ox ide Y Acid-Base Bal ance Y Ac ids and Bases Y pH in Liv ing Or gan isms Y Reg u la tion of Acid-Base Bal ance Y Buffer Sys tem in pH

28

Reg u la tion Y Re spi ra tory Reg u la tion of Acid Bal ance Y Re nal Reg u la tion of Acid-Base Bal ance Y Ac i do sis Y Alkalosis Y Chem is try and Func tions of

the Hor mones Y Mode of Ac tion of Hor mones Y Chem i cal Na ture of Hor mones Y Hor mones Se cret ing Glands Y Hypophyseal (Pi tu itary)

Hor mones Y An te rior Lobe (Adenohypophyseal) Hor mones Y Mid dle Lobe (Pars ) Hor mones Y Pos te rior Lobe (Neurohypophyseal)

Hor mones Y Thy roid Hor mones Y The Parathyroid Hor mones Y Hor mones of Pan creas Y In su lin Y Glucagon Y Ad re nal (Suprarenal)

Hor mones Y The Medullary Hor mones Y Adrenocortical Hor mones Y Go nadal (Sex) Hor mones Y Male Sex Hor mones Y (An dro gens or

Androgenic Hor mones) Y Fe male Sex Hor mones Y Pla cen tal Hor mones Y Hor mone of the Pi neal Body (Epiph y sis) Y Hor mones from Kid ney

Y Tis sue Hor mones Y Hor mones of Gas tro in tes ti nal Tract Y Lo cal Hor mones Y Liver Func tions and their Test Y Func tions of Liver Y Tests

Based on the Se cre tory Func tions of Liver Y Tests Based on the ex cre tory Func tions of Liver Y Tests Based on Con ju ga tion Y (Pro tec tive) Func tions of Liver Y

Tests Based on Car bo hy drate Y Met a bolic Func tions of Liver Y Tests Based on Lipid Met a bolic Func tions of Liver Y Tests Based on Pro tein Met a bolic Func tions

of Liver Y Tests Based on Vi ta min Me tab o lism Func tions of Liver Y Tests Based upon Iron Me tab o lism Func tion of Liver Y Tests Based upon Level of En zymes.

Y For ma tion and Com po si tion of Urine Y For ma tion of Urine Y Hor monal Reg u la tion of Kid ney Func tion Y Phys i cal Char ac ter is tics of Urine Y

Nor mal Con stit u ents of Urine Y Ab nor mal Con stit u ents of Urine Re nal Func tion Tests Y Uri nary Lithiasis Y Bio chem i cal As pects of Mus cles Tis sues

Y Struc ture of Skel e tal Mus cle Y Chem i cal Com po si tion Y Mech a nism of Mus cle Con trac tion Y Ini ti a tion and stop page of Mus cle Con trac tion Y The o ries of

Mus cle Con trac tion Y Energetics of Mus cu lar Con trac tion Y Mus cle Fa tigue Y Rigor Mor tis Y Bio chem i cal As pects of Nerve Tis sues Y Struc tural and

Func tional Units of the ner vous Sys tem Y Struc ture of Neurone Y Struc ture of a Typ i cal Nerve Y Chem i cal Com po si tion of the Nerve Tis sue Y Me tab o lism

of Nerve Tis sue Y Nerve Im pulse Y Elec tri cal or Mem brane Po ten tial Y Rest ing Mem brane Po ten tial Y Ac tion Po ten tial Y Trans mis sion of Never Im pulse

from One Neurone to Other Y Na ture of the Chem i cal Trans mit ters Y Cholinergic and Andrenergic Nerve Fibres Y Trans mis sion of an Im pulse from the

Nerve to a Skel e tal Mus cle Y Ra dio ac tive Iso topes Y Prop er ties of Ra dio iso topes Y Radioimmunoassay (RIA) Y Uses of Ra dio iso topes in Med i cal

Sci ence Y Cancer Y Biochemical Tests of Cancerous Growth Y Agents Causing Cancer Y Metastasis Y Metabolism of Cancer Cells Y Cancer

Chemotherapy Y Appendix.

Water Treatment Y Char ac ter is tics of wa ter Y Uses of wa ter Y Wa ter for in dus try Y Sources of wa ter Y Qual ity of nat u ral wa ter Y Chem is try of Wa ter Y

Wa ter in hu man body Y Wa ter as a sol vent Y Main qual ity char ac ter is tics of wa ter Y Ef fect of wa ter on rocks and min er als Y Pu ri fi ca tion of wa ter Y

Po ta bil ity of wa ter Y Re moval of coarse, dis persed and col loi dal im pu ri ties from wa ter : Clar i fi ca tion of wa ter Y Co ag u la tion of wa ter Y Con tact and

elec tro chem i cal co ag u la tion Y Flocculants Y Steri li za tion and dis in fec tion of wa ter Y Chem i cal meth ods of ster il iza tion Y Phys i cal meth ods of ster il iza tion

Y Soft en ing of wa ter Y Clark’s pro cess Y Lime soda pro cess Y Mod i fied lime soda pro cess Y Permutit or ze o lite pro cess Y Ion ex change pro cess Y

De min er ali sa tion of wa ter Y De ter mi na tion of hard ness Y Meth ods of de ter min ing hard ness Y Some prob lems on lime soda pro cess, zeolites and hard ness

of wa ter Y In dus trial wa ter treat ment Y Pre ven tion of plumbo sol vency Y Re moval of slime and al gae from wa ter Y Re moval of smack and odour from

wa ter (Deodouration) Y Deaeration and deoxygenation of wa ter Y Chem i cal deoxygenation of wa ter Y Re moval of gas from wa ter Y Sea wa ter as a

source of drink ing wa ter-de salt ing Y Electrodialysis method Y Re verse os mo sis method Y Re moval of iron and man ga nese from wa ter Y Re moval of silicic

acid from wa ter Y Flu o ri na tion and defluorination of wa ter Y Mag netic treat ment of wa ter Y Pu ri fi ca tion of wa ter from ra dio ac tive sub stances Y For ma tion

of de pos its in boiler units and heat exchangers Y Com po si tion, prop er ties and qual ity of de pos its Y For ma tion of de pos its in boiler units Y Dis ad van tages

of scale for ma tion in boiler Y Meth ods of pre vent ing de posit for ma tion Y Phos phate treat ment of boiler wa ter Y Treat ment of boiler wa ter with complexing

agents Y Al kali treat ment of boiler wa ter Y Pre vent ing de posit for ma tion in tur bine con dens ers Y Hard ness of scale Y Prim ing and foam ing Y Cor ro sion of

heat power equip ment Y Caus tic embrittlement Y Fac tors pro mot ing cor ro sion Y Cor ro sion of boiler units Y Wa ter anal y sis Y Chem i cal and phys i cal

ex am i na tion of wa ter Y Tak ing the sam ple Y Pres er va tion and pre-con cen tra tion meth ods Y Mea sure ment of wa ter qual ity by chem i cal and phys i cal

ex am i na tion of wa ter Y Chem i cal sub stances af fect ing po ta bil ity Y Col our Y Tur bid ity Y Odour Y Taste Y Tem per a ture Y Hy dro gen ion con cen tra tion

(pH) Y Elec tri cal con duc tiv ity Y Sol ids Y Sus pended sol ids Y Dis solved sol ids Y Acid ity Y To tal acid ity Y Al ka lin ity Y Free car bon di ox ide Y Free chlo rine Y

Chlo rine de mand Y Cal cium Y Mag ne sium Y Iron Y Man ga nese Y Sil ver Y Zinc Y Chem i cal sub stances af fect ing health Y Am mo nia Y Ni trate and ni trite Y

Cy a nide Y Sul phate Y Sul phide Y Chlo ride Y Flu o ride Y Flu o ri da tion Y Mea sure ment of toxic chem i cal sub stances Y Ar senic Y Be ryl lium Y Cad mium Y

Chro mium Y Cop per Y Iron Y Lead Y Man ga nese Y Se le nium Y Mer cury Y Chem i cal sub stances in dic a tive of pol lu tion Y Dis solved ox y gen Y

Bio chem i cal ox y gen de mand (BOD) Y Chem i cal ox y gen de mand (COD) Y Bac te ri o log i cal ex am i na tion of wa ter Y Bac te ri o log i cal test Y E.Coli in dex Y

Cul ture me dium for Esch e richia Coliform Y Cul ture me dium for to tal bac te ria Y Most prob a ble num ber method Y Bi o log i cal ex am i na tion of wa ter Y

Phys i cal ex am i na tion of wa ter sam ple Y Ra dio ac tiv ity of wa ter Y Meth ods of re mov ing ra dio ac tiv ity from wa ter Y Sew age and Sew age Treat ment Y

Mu nic i pal waste wa ter Y Sew age and its com po si tion Y Bac te ri ol ogy of sew age and sew age treat ment Y Sta bi li za tion Y Prop er ties of sew age Y Pur pose of

sew age treat ment Y Meth ods of sew age treat ment Y Re moval of phos pho rus and ni tro gen from waste wa ter Y Fil tra tion of sew age Y Types of aer o bic

ox i da tion plants Y An aer o bic bi o log i cal ox i da tion plant Y Mis cel la neous meth ods of sew age treat ment Y Cy cle of de com po si tion Y Self clean ing ve loc ity

Y Sys tem of sew er age Y Anal y sis of sew age Y Sludge dis posal Y Meth ods of sludge dis posal Y Sew age dis posal Y Sew age sick ness Y Self pu ri fi ca tion of

29

–B.K. Sharma263–18 Industrial Chemistry (Including Chemical Engineering)

nat u ral wa ter Y Meth ods of sew age dis posal Y Waste wa ter and its treat ment (Re cy cling of sew age) Y In dus trial Wastes And Treat ment Pro cesses Y

The prob lem of sus te nance and the chem i cal in dus try Y Char ac ter is tics of in dus trial wastes Y Types of in dus trial wastes Y Solid in dus trial wastes Y

Prin ci ples of in dus trial waste treat ment Y Pro tec tion of bio sphere Y Ba sic trends in bio sphere pro tec tion for in dus trial wastes Y Pro tec tion of sur face wa ters

from pol lu tion with in dus trial sew age Y Treat ment and dis posal of in dus trial wastes Y Treat ment of wastes or effluents with or ganic im pu ri ties Y Treat ment

of wastes or effluents with in or ganic im pu ri ties Y Effluents of in dus trial units and their pu ri fi ca tion Y Treat ment of some in dus trial effluents Y

San i tary-chem i cal anal y sis of in dus trial effluents or sew age Y The na ture and treat ment of some im por tant chem i cal wastes Y Fu els Y What is a fuel Y

Cal o rific value Y De ter mi na tion of cal o rific value Y Mod ern con cept of fu els Y Clas si fi ca tion of fu els Y Cri te rion of se lec tion of fuel Y Prop er ties of fu els Y

Meth ods of pro cess ing var i ous fu els Y Fos sil fu els Y Solid fu els Y Nat u ral solid fu els Y Ar ti fi cial solid fu els Y In dus trial solid fu els Y For ma tion of coal Y

Prop er ties of coal Y Clas si fi ca tion of coal Y Cok ing and non-cok ing coals Y Pul ver ised coal Y Role of sul phur and ash in coal Y Ad van tages of solid fu els

over liq uid and gas eous fu els Y Dis ad van tages of solid fu els over liq uid and gas eous fu els Y Com po si tion of coal Y Anal y sis of coal Y Ul ti mate anal y sis Y

Cal o rific value Y Chem i cal pro cess ing of solid fu els Y The high and low tem per a ture carbonisation of coal Y High tem per a ture carbonisation of coal Y

Man u fac ture of coal gas Y Types of cok ing Y Coal chem i cals Y Re cov ery of coal chem i cals Y Pro cess ing of carbonisation prod ucts Y Fu els for met al lurgy Y

Low tem per a ture carbonisation Y Dis til la tion of coal tar Y Uses of tar prod ucts Y Light oil from coke oven gas Y Non-pe tro leum fu els Y De struc tive

dis til la tion of wood Y Liq ue fac tion of coal or hy dro ge na tion of coal Y Syn thetic fu els from coal Y Col loi dal fu els Y Car bon elec trodes Y Ac ti vated car bon Y

Ap pli ca tions of ac ti vated car bon Y Gas eous fu els Y Clas si fi ca tion of gas eous fu els Y Nat u ral gas eous fu els Y Nat u ral gas o line Y Avi a tion gas o line Y

Ker o sene oil Y Gas oil Y Die sel fuel Y Ben zol Y Ar ti fi cial gas eous fu els Y Wa ter gas Y Carburetted wa ter gas Y Pro ducer gas Y Semi-wa ter gas Y Oil gas Y

Liq uid pe tro leum gas (LPG) Y Biogas or gobar gas Y More ef fi cient biogas plants Y Better biogas plants Y Small scale biogas syn the sis Y To make biogas

less pol lut ing Y Coal gas Y Blast fur nace gas Y Ad van tages of gas eous fu els over solid and liq uid fu els Y Dis ad van tages of gas eous fu els Y Gas anal y sis Y

Meth ods em ployed Y Gas col lec tion Y Sim ple gas bu rette lev el ling tube and Pi pette-Hempel ap pa ra tus Y Gen eral pro ce dure Y Anal y sis of fuel gases Y

Orsat ap pa ra tus for flue gases Y Liq uid fu els Y Pe tro leum Y Oc cur rence Y Min ing of pe tro leum Y Pros pect ing Y Col our and con sis tency Y Or i gin Y

Com po si tion Y Clas si fi ca tion Y Terms re lat ing to pe tro leum Y Grad ing of pe tro leum Y De ter mi na tion of flash point Y Knock ing Y Antiknock com pounds

Y Oc tane num ber Y Cetane num ber Y Chem i cal treat ment for up grad ing a liq uid fuel Y Re form ing Y Poly meri sa tion Y Cat a lytic poly meri sa tion to form

iso-oc tane mo tor fuel Y Alkylation Y Isomerisation Y Aro ma ti sa tion Y Rocket fu els propellants of rocket and guided mis siles Y Nu clear fu els Y Al ter ative

fu els Y Biofuels Y Dis til la tion of Crude Pe tro leum Y Prep a ra tion of pe tro leum for pro cess ing Y De struc tion of pe tro leum emul sion Y Elec tric de salt ing

plants Y Fun da men tals of pre lim i nary dis til la tion Y Meth ods of pe tro leum dis til la tion Y Dis til la tion of crude pe tro leum Y Treat ment of the re sid ual liq uid Y

Pro cess ing of liq uid fu els such as pe tro leum and pe tro leum prod ucts Y Pe tro leum pro cess ing equip ment Y Stor age tanks Y Rec ti fi ca tion col umns Y Cap

tray or bub ble tray col umns Y Heat ex change ap pa ra tus Y Steam space heat ers or boil ers Y Con dens ers Y Pipe fur naces Y Pipe lines Y Fit tings Y

Com pres sors and pumps Y Pe tro leum Prod ucts Y Clas si fi ca tion of pe tro leum prod ucts Y Liq ue fied hy dro car bon gases and fu els Y Fuel oils or boiler

oils Y Fu els for jet en gines and gas tur bine en gine Y Lu bri cants, prod ucts of oil par af fin pro cess ing and other pe tro leum prod ucts Y Lu bri cat ing and other

oils Y Par af fins, ceresins and pe tro leum Y Mis cel la neous pe tro leum prod ucts Y Prod ucts of pet ro chem i cal and ba sic or ganic syn the sis Y Dye in ter me di ates

Y Lac quers Y Sol vents and thin ners Y Pu ri fi ca tion of Pe tro leum Prod ucts Y Ab sorp tive and ad sorp tive pu ri fi ca tion Y Sulphuric acid pu ri fi ca tion Y

Al ka line pu ri fi ca tion Y Hydrofining Y Pu ri fi ca tion in a DC elec tric field Y New meth ods of pu ri fi ca tion Y Demercaptanisation Y Sta bili sa tion Y Ther mal

Pro cesses Y Ther mal crack ing Y Re cy cle crack ing Y Ther mal crack ing plants Y Ther mal crack ing of fuel oil Y Chem is try and mech a nism of crack ing of

prin ci pal classes of hy dro car bons Y Cok ing Y Still cok ing Y Slow cok ing Y Con tact cok ing Y Py rol y sis Y Ca tal y sis Y Ca tal y sis and its char ac ter is tics Y

Mech a nism of cat a lytic re ac tions Y Prop er ties of solid ca tal y sis-con tact masses Y Prep a ra tion of cat a lysts Y Promotors and in hib i tors Y Cat a lyst poi sons Y

Type of poi sons Y Tech no log i cal re gime of cat a lytic pro cesses Y Con tact ap pa ra tus Y New chem i cal tech no log i cal pro cesses in the in dus try Y

Plasmochemical and ul tra sound pro cesses Y Cat a lytic Pro cesses Y Cat a lytic crack ing Y Houdry pro cess Y Prin ci pal re ac tions of cat a lytic crack ing Y

Ad van tages of cat a lytic crack ing over ther mal crack ing Y Cat a lysts used in cat a lytic crack ing Y Start ing ma te ri als and prod ucts of cat a lytic crack ing Y

Char ac ter is tics of cat a lytic crack ing Y Plants for cat a lytic crack ing Y Cat a lytic re form ing Y Ba sic re ac tions of cat a lytic re form ing Y Cat a lysts for cat a lytic

re form ing Y Start ing ma te ri als and prod ucts of cat a lytic re form ing Y Char ac ter is tics of cat a lytic re form ing Y In dus trial cat a lytic re form ing plants Y Cat a lytic

hy dro ge na tion Y Prin ci pal re ac tions Y Cat a lysts for cat a lytic hy dro ge na tion Y Char ac ter is tics of cat a lytic hy dro ge na tion pro cess Y Hydrofining of

pe tro leum dis til lates Y Cat a lysts for hydrofining Y Trans for ma tion of sul phur com pounds Y Start ing ma te ri als and prod ucts for hydrofining Y

Char ac ter is tics of hydrofining Y In dus trial hydrofining plants Y Hy dro gen crack ing Y Other cat a lytic pro cesses Y Hy dro car bons From Pe tro leum Y

Raw ma te ri als Y Sat u rated hy dro car bons from nat u ral gas Y Uses of sat u rated hy dro car bons Y Un sat u rated hy dro car bons Y Acet y lene, C H2 2 Y Eth yl ene,

Ethene or C H2 4 Y Pro pyl ene, propene or C H3 6 Y Bu ty lenes or butenes Y Ar o matic hy dro car bons Y To lu ene or methyl ben zene, C H CH6 5 3 Y Xylenes

or ortho, meta and para dimethyl benzenes, C H CH6 4 3( )2 Y Pro cess ing of Light Hy dro car bon Gases Y Com po si tion and prop er ties of the gases Y

Phys i cal meth ods of sep a ra tion of gas mix tures Y Pro cess ing of hy dro car bon gases Y Chem i cal pro cess ing of par af fin hy dro car bons Y Chem i cal

pro cess ing of eth yl ene hy dro car bons Y Chem i cal pro cess ing of acet y lene Y Chem i cal pro cess ing of ar o matic hy dro car bons Y Poly meri sa tion of olefins Y

Alkylation of iso bu tane by olefins Y Isomerisation of par af finic hy dro car bons Y Pet ro chem i cals Y Raw ma te ri als Y Man u fac ture of pet ro chem i cals Y

Alkylation, dealkylation and hydroalkylation Y Amination by ammonolysis and re duc tion Y Py rol y sis or ther mal and cat a lytic crack ing Y Esterification Y

Halogenation and hydrohalogenation Y Hydration and hy dro ly sis Y Hy dro ge na tion and dehydrogenation Y Ni tra tion Y Ox i da tion Y Oxo or

30

hydroformation Y Carbonylation Y Oxi dis ing chlo ri na tion Y Poly meri sa tion Y In dus trial Or ganic Syn the sis Y The raw ma te ri als and ba sic pro cesses Y

Chem i cal pro cesses used in in dus trial or ganic syn the sis Y Pet ro chem i cals Y Methyl al co hol, CH OH3 Y Eth a nol or C H OH2 5 or in dus trial al co hol Y

Acetaldehyde, CH CHO3 Ace tic acid, CH COOH3 Iso propanol, CH CHOHCH3 3 Y Eth yl ene gly col, CH OH.CH OH2 2 Y Glyc er ine,

CH OH.CHOH.CH OH2 2 Y Ac e tone pro pa none, CH COCH3 3 Y Phe nol, C H OH6 5 Y Form al de hyde, HCHO Y Ethyl ac e tate, CH COOC H3 2 5 Y

1,3-bu ta diene or divinyl Y Sty rene Y Lu bri cants Y Prop er ties of lu bri cants Y Clas si fi ca tion of lu bri ca tion Y Sub stances used as lu bri cants Y Ad di tives for

lu bri cat ing oils Y Lu bri cants of min eral or i gin Y Syn thetic lu bri cants Y Greases Y Lu bri cat ing greases Y Chem i cal prop er ties of greases Y Solid lu bri cants Y

Lu bri cant emul sions Y Some tests car ried out on lu bri cants Y Cut ting flu ids Y Se lec tion of lu bri cants Y Lubriating oil clas si fi ca tion and their uses for

dif fer ent types of ma chin ery Y Fuel Cells Y Gen eral chem is try of fuel cells Y Some fuel cells Y Hy dro gen ox y gen fuel cell Y Hy dro car bon-ox y gen fuel cell

Y Car bon mon ox ide fuel bell Y Methyl al co hol fuel cell Y Hy dro gen-ox y gen cells in manned space flights Y Ef fi ciency of fuel cell Y Ad van tages of fuel cells

Y Fuel cells -The fu ture clean en ergy Y Fuel Fired Fur naces Y De vices for fuel com bus tion Y Se lec tion of fuel and com bus tion method Y Meth ods of

han dling Y Fur nace at mo sphere Y Com bus tion Y Cal cu la tion of re quired for com bus tion Y Plasma - The Fourth State of Mat ter Y What is plasma Y

How plasma is pro duced Y Plasma and con trolled nu clear Y Other ap pli ca tions Y Sil i cate Tech nol ogy Y Sil i cate tech nol ogy op er a tions Y Struc ture of

sil i cates Y Some im por tant sil i cates Y Clas si fi ca tion of sil i cates Y Wa ter glass Y Glass Y Phys i cal prop er ties of glass Y Chem i cal prop er ties of glass Y

Char ac ter is tics of glass Y Raw ma te ri als Y Chem i cal re ac tions Y Meth ods of man u fac ture Y For ma tion of the batch ma te rial Y Melt ing Y Chem i cal

reactions in the fur nace Y Shap ing or form ing Y Forcault pro cess of shap ing sheet or win dow glass Y Shap ing of plate glass Y An neal ing Y Fin ish ing Y

Clas si fi ca tion of glass mak ing fur naces Y Meth ods of di vi sion of the tank and flame space Y De vices for re cov ery of heat of waste gases Y Elec tric and flame

elec tric fur naces Y Flame elec tric fur naces Y Aux il iary fur naces Y Some spe cial glasses Y Ce ram ics Y What are ce ram ics Y Sub di vi sion or ce ram ics Y

Gen eral Prop er ties of Ce ram ics Y Per me able (Po rous) and im per me able (non-po rous) wares Y Dis tinc tion be tween per me able and im per me able wares Y

Clas si fi ca tion based on re duc tion in po ros ity Y Ba sic raw ma te ri als Y Other in gre di ents Y Man u fac tur ing pro cess Y Grind ing of raw ma te rial Y Mix ing or

prep a ra tion of bod ies Y Body prep a ra tion us ing clay in plas tic state Y Body prep a ra tion us ing dry clay Y Body prep a ra tion us ing clay slip Y Fil ter ing Y

Knead ing Y Jol ly ing Y Slip cast ing Y Press ing Y Ex tru sion Y Turn ing Y Dry ing Y Types of dri ers Y Fir ing Y Glaz ing Y Frits Y Dec o ra tion Y Ap pli ca tions of

colours to the pot tery Y Por ce lain and china Y Raw ma te ri als Y Man u fac ture Y Earthenwares and stonewares Y Refractories Y What are refractories Y

Clas si fi ca tion of refractories Y Clas si fi ca tion based on re frac to ri ness Y Prop er ties of refractories Y Man u fac ture of refractories Y Fire clay bricks Y

Man u fac ture Y Prop er ties of fire clay refractories Y Uses of fire clay refractories Y High alu mina refrectories Y Prop er ties of baux ite refractories Y Uses of

high alu mina bricks Y Sil ica bricks Y Prop er ties of sil ica bricks Y Uses of sil ica bricks Y Sillimanite refractories Y Prop er ties of sillimanite bricks Y Uses of

sillimanite refractories Y Magnesite refractories Y Prop er ties of magnesite refractories Y Uses of magnesite refractories Y For ster ite bricks Y Uses of

for ster ite bricks Y Do lo mite bricks Y Prop er ties of do lo mite bricks Y Lime refractories Y Chro mite bricks Y Prop er ties of chro mite bricks Y Uses of chro mite

bricks Y Super refractories Y Sil i con car bide or car bo run dum refractories Y Prop er ties of sil i con car bide bricks Y Uses of sil i con car bide refractories Y

Car bon or graph ite refractories Y Prop er ties of car bon refractories Y Prop er ties of graph ite refractories Y Uses of car bon and graph ite refractories Y Pure

ox ide refractories Y Ce ramic fibres Y Cermets Y In su lat ing refractories Y Enam els Y Port land Ce ment Y Other types of ce ment Y High alu mina ce ment Y

Slag ce ment Y Acid re sist ing ce ment Y Super sul phate ce ment Y White ce ment Y Col oured ce ment Y Sorel’s ce ment Y Ro man ce ment Y Pozzolan ce ment

Y Blended port land ce ment Y Types of port land ce ment Y Ce ment ing ma te rial Y Raw ma te ri als Y Ce ment rock benefication Y Man u fac ture Y Re ac tions in

the kiln Y Mix ing of ad di tives to the ce ment Y Set ting of ce ment Y Func tion of com pounds Y Prop er ties of ce ment Y In dian stan dards in sti tute (ISI)

spec i fi ca tions of ce ment Y Test ing of ce ment Y Uses Y Physico-chem i cal pro cesses oc cur ing in ther mal treat ment of raw ce ment mix ture Y Heat

re quire ments Y Ro tary kilns for mak ing ce ment clinker Y Ro tary kiln for wet pro cess Y Ro tary kilns for dry pro cess of clinker mak ing Y Fuel burn ing

de vices Y Clinker cool ers Y Fac tors af fect ing qual ity Y Econ omy in ce ment in dus try Y Mor tars and con crete Y Cur ing of con crete Y De cay of con crete Y

Cor ro sion of con crete or ce ment stone Y Gyp sum Y Plas ter of Paris Y Lime Y Man u fac ture of lime Y Prop er ties of lime Y Set ting an hard en ing of lime Y

In dus trial Gases Y Hy dro gen-source of en ergy and fuel for fu ture Y Hy dro gen cells Y Source of hy dro gen Y Hy dro gen from mi crobes Y In dus trial

pro duc tion of hy dro gen Y In dus trial uses of hy dro gen Y Ox y gen and ni tro gen Y Liq ue fac tion of gases-pro duc tion of low tem per a tures Y Man u fac ture of

ox y gen and ni tro gen Y Uses of ox y gen Y Uses of ni tro gen Y Car bon di ox ide Y Man u fac ture Y Liq ue fac tion of CO2 Y Solid carbon dioxide-dry ice Y Uses

of carbon dioxide Y Acet y lene Y Man u fac ture Y Uses of acet y lene Y Liq ue fied nat u ral gas (LNG) - Fuel of the fu ture Y CNG and pro pane Y Am mo nia

And Ni tric Acid Y Man u fac ture of am mo nia-physico-chem i cal prin ci ples Y Raw ma te ri als Y Pu ri fi ca tion of the gas Y Man u fac tur ing pro ce dure Y

Pro cess de sign mod i fi ca tions Y Mod ern am mo nia man u fac tur ing method Y Lat est method Y Uses Y Ni tric acid Y Meth ods of man u fac ture Y From chile

salt petre Y Birkland and Eyde pro cess-arc pro cess Y Physico-chem i cal prin ci ples Y Ef fect of tem per a ture Y Con cen tra tion of NO Y Ef fect of pres sure Y

Ef fect of con cen tra tion Y Ef fect of cat a lysts Y Ox i da tion of am mo nia Y Raw ma te ri als Y Pro cess de scrip tion Y Physico-chem i cal prin ci ples Y Prop er ties of

HNO3 Y Uses Y Fer til iz ers Y Plant nu tri ents Y Nu tri ent func tion Y Micro nut ri ents Y Fer til izer type Y Need for fer til iz ers Y Es sen tial re quire ments Y

Fer til ity of the soil Y pH value of the soil Y Clas si fi ca tion of fer til iz ers Y Straight and mixed fer til iz ers Y Sources of fer til iz ers Y Nat u ral or ganic fer til iz ers Y

Gran u la tion Y Bulk blend ing Y Nat u ral in or ganic fer til iz ers Y Ar ti fi cial fer til iz ers Y Ni trog e nous fer til iz ers Y Am mo nium ni trate Y Am mo nium sul phate Y

Am mo nium sul phate from zypsum or anhydrite (CaSO H O4. 22 ) Y Ac tion of am mo nium sul phate as fer til izer Y Am mo nium sul phate ni trate Y Urea Y Raw

ma te ri als Y Man u fac ture Y Con di tions for a good yield Y Clean tech nol o gies Y Ac tion of urea as fer til izer Y Cal cium cyanamide Y Ac tion of CaCN2 as

fer til izer Y Cal cium am mo nium ni trate Y So dium ni trate Y Am mo nium chlo ride Y Or ganic ma te ri als Y Con trolled re leased ni tro gen Y Ni tro gen so lu tions

31

Y Phos phate fer til iz ers Y Phos phate rock Y Nor mal superphosphate Y Mod i fi ca tion in man u fac tur ing equip ment Y Prop er ties Y Tri ple superphosphate Y

Ammonium phos phate Y Other phos phates Y Phos phate fix a tion Y Po tas sium fer til iz ers Y NPK fer til iz ers Y Mixed fer til iz ers Y Com pound or com plex

fer til iz ers Y No men cla ture in fer til izer in dus try Y Pol lu tion caused by fer til iz ers Y Ef fects of fer til iz ers Y Sul phur And Sulphuric Acid Y Sul phur Y

Oc cur rence Y Min ing of sul phur Y Si cil ian pro cess Y Pu ri fi ca tion or re fin ing of sul phur Y Lou i si ana or Frasch pro cess Y Re cov ery of sul phur Y Sulphuric

acid Y Prop er ties Y Grades of ac ids Y Man u fac ture Y Sim i lar i ties be tween the pro cesses Y Cham ber pro cess Y Cham ber pro cess equip ment Y Move ment

of the gases Y Pu ri fi ca tion of the acid Y Con cen tra tion of the cham ber acid Y Con tact pro cess Y Burn ers Y Treat ment of the burner gas Y Pu ri fi ca tion unit

Y Con tact fur nace-phreheater and con verter Y Sul phur tri ox ide ab sorb ers Y Oleum man u fac ture Y Physico-chem i cal prin ci ples in volved in the

man u fac ture of sulphuric acid by cham ber pro cess and con tact pro cess Y Sulphan Y Al kali And Chlo rine Y Com mon salt Y Method of man u fac ture Y

Caus tic soda Y Cells used Y Di a phragm cells Y Po rous di a phragm cells-Nel son cell Y Hooker cell Y The Dow cell Y Di a mond cell Y Vorce cell Y

Man u fac ture of caus tic soda and chlo rine by us ing di a phragm cells Y Physico-chem i cal prin ci ples Y Mer cury cath ode cells Y The Castner Kellner cell Y

Mod ern mer cury cells Y De-Nora cells Y Physico-chem i cal prin ci ples Y Lime soda pro cess for the man u fac ture of caus tic soda Y Dea con’s method for the

man u fac ture of chlo rine Y Soda ash Y Leblanc pro cess Y Sol vay am mo nia soda pro cess Y Dual pro cess Y Choice of pro cesses Y Elec tro lytic pro cess Y

So dium bi car bon ate Y Uses Y Bak ing pow ders Y So dium hypochlorite Y Uses Y Plas tics Y His tory, prop er ties and uses of some im por tant plas tics Y

Mo lec u lar makeup and prop er ties of poly mers Y High poly mers Y Clas si fi ca tion Y Poly meri sa tion Y Con den sa tion polymerisation Y Ad di tion

poly meri sa tion Y Dif fer ence be tween ad di tion and con den sa tion poly meri sa tion Y Mech a nism of ad di tion or chain poly meri sa tion Y Chain trans fer

re ac tions Y Branch ing and cross- link ing in free rad i cal ad di tion poly meri sa tion Y Co poly mer isa tion Y Free rad i cal co poly mer isa tion Y Ionic

co poly mer isa tion Y Copolycondensation Y Polyaddition poly meri sa tion Y Ring open ing poly meri sa tion Y Group trans fer poly meri sa tion Y

Poly meri sa tion pro cess Y Ef fect of poly mer struc ture on prop er ties Y Mo lec u lar weight Y Strength Y Plas tic de for ma tion Y Phys i cal state of poly mer Y

Elas tic prop erty Y Chem i cal re sis tance Y Sol u bil ity Y Intermolecular forces in mono mers and poly mers Y Plas tics, elas to mers and fibres Y Me chan i cal

be hav iour of poly mers Y Prop er ties of plas tics Y Chem i cal and geo met ri cal struc ture of poly mer mol e cules Y Clas si fi ca tion based on sev eral fea tures of

high mo lec u lar com pounds Y Fac tors af fect ing rate and di rec tion of polycondensation re ac tions Y Chem i cal re ac tions char ac ter is tic of high mo lec u lar

com pounds Y Crystallinity of poly mers Y Isotactic, syndiotactic and atactic poly mers Y Crystallisability Y Struc tural reg u lar ity and crystallisability Y Ef fect

of crystallinity on the prop er ties of poly mer Y Op ti cal and geo met ri cal isomerism Y Stereochemistry of poly meri sa tion Y Prep a ra tion of stereoregular

poly mers Y Co-or di na tion poly meri sa tion Y Phase sys tems for poly meri sa tion Y Mass or bulk poly meri sa tion Y So lu tion poly meri sa tion Y Emul sion

poly meri sa tion Y Bead poly meri sa tion or sus pen sion poly meri sa tion Y Polycondensation tech niques Y Melt polycondensation Y So lu tion

polycondensation Y In ter fa cial con den sa tion Y Solid and gas phase poly meri sa tion Y Mono mer pu ri fi ca tion Y Ex per i men tal tech niques Y Bulk

poly meri sa tion of sty rene Y Emul sion poly meri sa tion of sty rene Y Pre cip i ta tion poly meri sa tion of acrylonitrue Y Sus pen sion polymersation of methyl

methacrylate Y In ter fa cial polycondensation of terephthaloyl chlo ride and ethylenediamine Y Iso la tion and pu ri fi ca tion of poly mers Y Pro duc tion of

Poly mers Y Ethe noid plas tics and res ins Y Poly eth yl ene or poly thene Y Poly propy lene Y Poly sty rene Y Polyhutylene Y Poly iso bu tyl ene Y Polyarylic

acid Y Polycarbonates Y Vi nyl res ins and plas tics Y Poly vi nyl ac e tate (PVA) Y Poly vi nyl chlo ride (PVC) Y Poly vi nyl al co hol (PVA) Y Polyvinylidene

chlo ride Y Vi nyl chlo ride-vi nyl acetate co pol y mer Y Poly vi nyl car bon ate Y Poly vi nyl flu o ride Y Polyvinylidene flu o ride Y Poly vi nyl carbazole Y Poly vi nyl

pyrolidone Y Poly vi nyl oxazolidinone Y Cel lu lose plas tics and res ins Y Cel lu lose es ters Y Cel lu loid or cel lu lose ni trate Y Cel lu lose ac e tate Y Cel lu lose

ac e tate bu tyr ate Y Cel lu lose ethers Y Ethyl cel lu lose Y Carboxy Methyl Cel lu lose (CMC) Y Arylic res ins and plas tics Y Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) Y

Poly es ter res ins and plas tics Y Alkyd res ins and plas tics Y Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Y Amino res ins and plas tics Y Urea form al de hyde resins Y

Man u fac ture of mould ing com pounds Y Mel a mine form al de hyde res ins Y Ap pli ca tions of amino res ins Y Polyimide res ins and plas tics Y

Penol-form al de hyde res ins and plas tics Y Bakelite Y Prep a ra tion of resol Y Cast phenolics Y Ion ex change res ins Y Sil i cone res ins and plas tics Y Dif fer ent

types of silicons and their uses Y Ep oxy res ins and plas tics Y Nat u ral Poly mers Y Nat u ral res ins Y Poly sac cha rides Y Starch Y Gly co gen Y Cel lu lose Y

Prep a ra tion of cel lu lose Y Sulphite method of mak ing wood cel lu lose Y Sul phate method of pro duc ing cel lu lose (wood pulp) Y Re cov ery of by prod ucts Y

Pro cess ing of cel lu lose Y Pro teins Y Com po si tion Y Clas si fi ca tion Y Na ture of pro teins—struc ture of pro teins Y Prop er ties and struc ture Y Anal y sis of

pro teins Y Con for ma tion of pro tein mol e cules Y De na tur ation of pro teins Y Poly mer Deg ra da tion Y Types of deg ra da tion Y Ther mal deg ra da tion Y

Me chan i cal deg ra da tion Y Photo deg ra da tion Y Deg ra da tion by high en ergy ra di a tion Y Deg ra da tion by ul tra sonic waves Y Ox i da tive deg ra da tion Y

Ozone ox i da tion deg ra da tion Y Ox i da tive deg ra da tion of sat u rated poly mers Y Ox i da tion of phe nol form al de hyde Y An ti ox i dants Y Poly mer

Pro cess ing Y Com pound ing Y Mould ing con stit u ents of plas tic Y Ini ti a tors and in hib i tors Y Pro cess ing tech niques Y Mould ing of plas tics into ar ti cles Y

Cal en der ing Y Cast ing Y Thermoforming Y Foam ing Y Re in forc ing Y Other meth ods Y Spin ning of fibres Y Mer ceri sa tion Y Rub ber Y Im por tance of

rub ber Y Rub ber plants Y Types of rub ber Y Chlo ri nated and ox y gen ated rub ber Y Cyclo rub ber Y La tex Y Co ag u la tion of rub ber Y Crude nat u ral rub ber

Y Gutta percha Y Guayule rub ber Y Ba la ta Y Re fin ing of crude rub ber Y Draw backs of raw rub ber Y Rub ber fab ri ca tion Y Vul cani sa tion Y Tech niques of

vul cani sa tion Y Prop er ties of vul can ised rub ber Y Phys i cal prop er ties of rub ber Y Prop er ties of raw rub ber and vul can ised rub ber Y Chem i cal prop er ties of

rub ber Y Sol vents for nat u ral rub ber Y Clas si fi ca tion of rub ber Y Syn thetic rub ber Y Polyisoprene rub ber (syn thetic nat u ral rub ber) Y Lactoprene Y

Buna-S or SBR rub ber Y Prop er ties of SBR rub ber Y Neo prene (or GR-M) rub ber Y Prop er ties of neo prene Y Buna-N or GR-A or Nitrile rub ber Y

Prop er ties of Buna-N Y Butyl rub ber Y Prop er ties of butyl rub ber Y Thio kol (polysulphide rub ber) Y Prop er ties of thio kol Y Sil i cone rub ber Y Prop er ties of

sil i cone rub ber Y Poly ure thane rub ber (isocyanate rub ber)Y Prop er ties of ure thane rub ber Y Spandex Y Re claimed rub ber Y Ad van tages of re claimed

rub ber Y Spong rub ber Y Foam rub ber Y Prop er ties of rub ber foam Y Lam i nates Y Rub ber ce ment Y Thermocole Y Ap pli ca tions of rub ber Y Rub ber

32

de riv a tives Y Syn thetic Fibres Y Im por tant re quire ments of a fi bre Y Dif fer ence be tween nat u ral fibres and ar ti fi cial or syn thetic fibres Y Prop er ties of

syn thetic fibres Y Prep a ra tion of syn thetic fibres Y Meth ods of spin ning Y Ap pli ca tions of syn thetic fibres Y Rayon or ar ti fi cial silk Y Nitrocellulose rayon or

pyroxylin Y Cup ram mo nium rayon Y Prop er ties of cup ram mo nium rayon Y Ac e tate rayon Y Prop er ties of diacetate fibres Y Viscose rayon Y Prop er ties of

viscose rayon Y Nylon-66 Y Prep a ra tion of ny lon in ter me di ates Y Man u fac ture Y Ny lon- 6 (Kapron) Y Var i ous routes of ny lon Y Ny lon-6 or Perlon L Y

Prop er ties of Ny lon-66 Y Tery lene or da cron Y Prop er ties of se lected syn thetic fibres Y Man u fac ture Y Prop er ties of da cron Y Or lon Y Sa ran Y Tef lon Y

Prop er ties of tef lon Y Dynel Y Ter mi nol ogy used in fi bre tech nol ogy Y Fer men ta tion Y His tor i cal Y Con di tions fa vour able for fer men ta tion Y

Char ac ter is tics of en zymes Y Short ac count of some fer men ta tion pro cesses Y Al co holic bev er ages Y Man u fac ture of beer Y Man u fac ture of spir its Y

Man u fac ture of wines Y Man u fac ture of vin e gar Y Man u fac ture of power al co hol Y Ethyl al co hol from mo las ses Y Prep a ra tion of wash Y Dis til la tion Y

Al co hol from waste sulphite li quor Y Man u fac ture from starchy ma te ri als Y Man u fac ture from cel lu lose ma te ri als Y Man u fac ture from hy dro car bon gases

Y Im por tance of power al co hol as a fuel Y Dis till ery effluents for ag ri cul tural pro duc tion Y Pulp And Pa per Y Man u fac ture of pulp Y Sul phate or Kraft

pulp Y Soda pulp Y Sulphite pulp Y Rag pulp Y Beat ing, re fin ing, fill ing, siz ing and colour ing Y Man u fac ture of pa per Y Cal en der ing Y Uses Y Clean

tech nol o gies in agro based in dus tries Y Eco log i cal prob lems of In dian pulp and pa per in dus try Y Sugar Y Man u fac ture of cane sugar Y Ex trac tion of juice

Y Pu ri fi ca tion of juice Y De fec tion Y Sulphitation and car bon ation Y Con cen tra tion or evap o ra tion Y Crystallisation Y Sep a ra tion of crys tals Y Dry ing Y

Re fin ing Y Grades Y Re cov ery of sugar from mo las ses Y Ba gasse Y Prep a ra tion of celotex Y Man u fac ture of su crose from beet root Y Test ing or es ti ma tion

of sugar Y Dou ble sulphitation pro cess Y Dou ble car bon ation Y Dou ble sulphitation pro cess Y Oils, Fats, Waxes And Soaps Y Dis tinc tion be tween oils

and fats Y Prop er ties Y Clas si fi ca tion Y Veg e ta ble oils Y Man u fac ture of cot ton seed oil by ex pres sion and sol vent ex trac tion Y Man u fac ture of soyabeen

oil by sol vent ex trac tion Y Re fin ing of crude veg e ta ble oils Y Some other veg e ta ble oils Y An i mal oils Y An i mal fats and oils Y Pro cess ing of an i mal fats and

oils Y Min eral oils Y Dif fer ence be tween an i mal, veg e ta ble and min eral oils Y Hy dro car bon oils Y Es sen tial oils Y Iso la tion of es sen tial oils Y Uses of

es sen tial oils Y Oils as emol lients Y Sil i cone oils Y Unsaponifiable mat ter in gly cer ides Y Waxes Y Clas si fi ca tion of waxes Y Prop er ties of waxes Y Some

com mon waxes Y Quan ti ta tive sol u bil ity of waxes in cold al co hol Y Qual i ta tive sol u bil ity of waxes Y Syn thetic oils, fats and waxes Y Anal y sis of oils, fats

and waxes Y Saponification value Y Es ter value Y Acid value Y Io dine value Y Wijs method Y Reichert Meissl value Y Henher value Y Elaiden test Y

An i line point Y Man u fac ture of can dles Y Hy dro ge na tion of oils Y Op ti mum con di tions for the pro cess Y The dry pro cess Y The wet pro cess Y Mar ga rine Y

Soap and its man u fac ture Y Gen eral con sid er ation in soap mak ing Y Man u fac ture of soap Y Toi let and trans par ent soaps Y Metal soaps Y Oil to be used

for soaps Y Cleans ing ac tion of soap Y Re cov ery of glyc er ine from spent lye Y De ter gents Y Prin ci pal groups of syn thetic de ter gents Y Clas si fi ca tion of

sur face ac tive agents Y An ionic de ter gents Y Soaps Y Alkyl sulphates Y Alkyl aryl sulphonates Y Alkyl sulphonates Y Am ide sulphonates Y Mis cel la neous

com pounds Y Cationic de ter gents Y Non-ionic de ter gents Y Amphoteric de ter gents Y Suds reg u la tors Y Build ers Y Ad di tives Y Biodegradability of

sur fac tants Y Ecofriendly de ter gents con tain ing en zymes Y Ecofriendly de ter gents-zeolites Y Det ri men tal ef fects of de ter gents Y Man u fac ture of sham poos

Y In sec ti cides Y In or ganic in sec ti cides Y Nat u ral or plant in sec ti cides Y Or ganic in sec ti cides Y Dinitrophenols Y DDT Y Methoxychlor Y BHC or ben zene

hexa chlo ride Y Gammexane Y Chlor dane or Heptachlore Y Aldrin and diel drin Y Endrin Y Toxaphene Y Syn the sis of organochlorines Y Tet ra ethyl

pyrophosphate (TEPP) Y Mal a thion Y Para thion Y At trac tants and re pel lents Y Fu mi gants Y Miticides Y Rodenticides Y Fun gi cides Y Her bi cides Y

Aca ri cides Y Syn thetic in sec ti cides Y Pes ti cides pol lu tion Y Per sis tent pes ti cides Y Bi o log i cal mag ni fi ca tion Y Biodegradation of pes ti cides Y Mode of

poi son ing of pes ti cides Y The deg ra da tion and mo bil ity of pes ti cides Y Ex plo sives And Toxic Chem i cal Weap ons Y Clas si fi ca tion Y Def la grat ing or

low ex plo sives Y Char ac ter is tics of ex plo sives Y Nitrocellulose Y PETN or PENTHRIT Y Di nitro ben zene (DNB)Y Trinitrobenzene (TNB) Y Tri ni tro tol u ene

(TNT) Y Pic ric acid Y Am mo nium picrate or ex plo sive D Y Ni tro glyc er ine and dy na mite Y Cord ite Y Gun pow der or black pow der Y RDX or cyc lo nite Y

EDNA Y HMX Y Tetryl Y Pentryl Y Hexyl Y Lead azide Y Dinol Y Tetracene Y Toxic chem i cal weap ons Y Toxic chem i cals Y Screen ing smokes Y

In cen di ar ies Y Py ro tech nics Y Paints And Pig ments Y White pig ments Y White lead Y Man u fac ture Y Carter or quick pro cess Y Elec tro lytic method Y

Mod ern cham ber pro cess Y French pro cess Y Rowley pro cess Y Sub limed white lead (Ba sic sul phate) Y Phys i cal prop er ties of white lead Y Char ac ter is tics

of the pig ment Y Uses Y Zinc ox ide Y Man u fac ture Y The French pro cess Y Amer i can pro cess Y The elec tro lytic pro cess Y Cal a mine pro cess Y Phys i cal

prop er ties of zinc ox ide pig ment Y Char ac ter is tics of the pig ment Y Uses Y Litho pone Y Phys i cal prop er ties of the pig ment Y Char ac ter is tics of the pig ment

Y Uses Y Ti ta nium di ox ide Y Man u fac ture Y Mod ern chlo rine method Y Phys i cal prop er ties of TiO2 pig ment Y Char ac ter is tics of the pig ment Y Uses Y

Blue pig ments Y Ul tra ma rine blue Y Uses Y Co balt blues and iron blues Y Uses Y Red pig ments Y Red lead Y Char ac ter is tics of red lead Y Uses Y Syn thetic

iron ox ide pig ment Y Uses Y Green pig ments Y Chrome green Y Uses Y Guignet’s green Y Reinmann’s green Y Chro mium ox ide Y Black pig ments Y

Yel low pig ments Y Tonners Y Me tal lic pow ders as pig ments Y Paints Y Clas si fi ca tion of paints Y Dis tem pers Y Con stit u ents of paints Y Man u fac ture of

paints Y Set ting of the paints Y Re quire ments of a good paint Y Im por tance of PVC Y Paint fail ure Y Emul sion paints Y Con stit u ents of emul sion paints Y

Ad van tages Y Meth ods of man u fac ture Y Chem i cal ac tion of emul sion paints Y La tex paints Y Lu mi nes cent paints Y Fire re tar dant paints Y Heat re sis tant

paints Y Meth ods of ap ply ing paints Y Bak ing Y Paint re mov ers Y Spe cial ap pli ca tions of paints Y Var nishes Y Raw ma te ri als Y Man u fac ture of var nishes Y

Ja pans Y Enam els or gloss fin isher Y Oils Y Tan ning Of Leather Y An i mal skins Y Man u fac ture of leather Y Prep a ra tion of hides for tan ning Y Veg e ta ble

tan ning Y Chrome tan ning Y Fin ish ing Y Oil tan ning Y By prod ucts Y Gel a tin Y Ad he sives Y The pro cess of bond ing Y Clas si fi ca tion of ad he sives Y

Prep a ra tion of ad he sives Y Other pro tein ad he sives Y Starch ad he sives Y Syn thetic resin ad he sives Y Rub ber based ad he sives Y Cel lu lose and sil i cate

ad he sives Y Uses of ad he sives Y Electrothermal In dus tries Y Ad van tages of elec tri cal fur naces Y Clas si fi ca tion Y Se lec tion of fur naces Y Ab ra sives Y

Kinds of ab ra sives Y Man u fac ture of ar ti fi cial ab ra sives Y Sil i con car bide or car bo run dum Y Uses Y Cal cium car bide Y Uses Y Alundum Y Uses Y Bo ron

car bide Y Bo ron nitride Y Bo ron carbonitride Y Syn thetic graph ite Y Uses Y Uses of ab ra sives Y Bonded grind ing wheels Y Some other forms of in dus trial

33

car bon Y Os mium metal harder than di a mond Y Fullerenes (The third form of car bon (C-60 and C-70) Y Phos pho rus-man u fac ture of yel low phos pho rus

Y Man u fac ture of red phos pho rus Y Uses Y Elec tro chem i cal In dus tries Y Ad van tages of elec tro chem i cal meth ods Y In dus trial ap pli ca tions of

elec trol y sis Y Elec trol y sis of melts Y Elec trode ma te ri als Y Cath ode ma te ri als Y An ode ma te ri als Y Polarisable and non-polarisable elec trodes Y

Alu minium Y Raw ma te ri als Y Quan ti ta tive re quire ments Y Car bon elec trodes Y Man u fac ture of alu minium Y Physico-chem i cal tech niques in volved Y

Mech a nism Y Pu ri fi ca tion of baux ite Y Elec tro lytic re duc tion of alu mina Y Soderberg fur nace Y Electrolyser with self bak ing an odes Y Elec tro lytic re fin ing

of alu minium Y Uses Y Mag ne sium Y Prep a ra tion of an hy drous MgCl2 from car nal lite Y Prep a ra tion of MgCl2 from sea wa ter Y Prep a ra tion of MgO from

magnesite Y Prep a ra tion of MgO from do lo mite Y Carbo-ther mal pro cess Y Silico-ther mal or Pidgeon pro cess Y Uses Y So dium chlo rate Y Po tas sium

per chlor ate Y Hy dro gen per ox ide Y Uses Y Po tas sium per manga nate Y Uses Y Hydroxylamine Y Uses Y Hy dro chlo ric acid Y Pro tec tive Or Me tal lic

Coat ings Y Electrodeposition of met als from so lu tions - gen eral pro ce dure Y Coat ing pro cesses Y Hot dip ping Y Metal clading Y Electrodeposition or

elec tro plat ing Y Ap pli ca tions of elec tro plat ing Y Fac tors in flu enc ing the na ture of de posit-prep a ra tion of ma te ri als for elec tro plat ing Y Fac tors in flu enc ing

the na ture of de posit Y Re quire ments of de pos it ing so lu tion (elec tro lyte) Y Elec tri cal en ergy re quired for electrodeposition Y Elec tro plat ing of some met als

Y Dis place ment or im mer sion plat ing Y Im preg nated coat ing or ce men ta tion Y Metal spray ing of metallized coat ings Y Vapour de po si tion Y Chem i cal

con ver sion coat ings Y Or ganic coat ings Y Di elec trics Or Elec tri cal In su lat ing Ma te ri als Y Di elec tric prop er ties Y Clas si fi ca tion of in su lat ing

ma te ri als Y Gas eous in su lat ing ma te ri als Y Liq uid in su lat ing ma te ri als Y Solidinsulating ma te ri als Y Ther mal in su la tors Y Di elec tric Or In su lat ing

Char ac ter is tics Of Poly mers Y Me chan i cal char ac ter is tics Y Elec tri cal char ac ter is tics Y Ther mal char ac ter is tics Y Physicochemical char ac ter is tics Y

Solid poly meri sa tion di elec trics Y Solid con den sa tion di elec trics Y Heat re sis tant high poly mer di elec trics Y In su lat ing rub bers Y Var nishes and enam els Y

Com pounds Y Plas tic lam i nates Y Semi con duc tors Y Clas si fi ca tion of semi con duc tors Y In trin sic semi con duc tors Y Doped or im pu rity semi con duc tors

Y Ef fect of tem per a ture on con duc tiv ity of in trin sic and im pu rity semi con duc tors Y De gen er ate semi con duc tors Y Spe cific semi con duc tors Y Super

con duc tors Y Cryo genic con duc tors Y Chemotronics Y Vi ta mins Y Dis cov ery Y Clas si fi ca tion and no men cla ture Y Vi ta min ac tiv i ties Y Met a bolic,

phys i o log i cal or bi o log i cal func tion of vi ta mins Y Fat sol u ble vi ta mins Y Vi ta min A Y Vi ta min A1 or retinol Y De tec tion and es ti ma tion Y Iso la tion Y

Dis eases caused by its de fi ciency Y Ab sorp tion Y Stor age Y Ex cre tion Y Phys i o log i cal func tions Y Daily re quire ments Y Struc ture Y Vi ta min A2 or retinol2or 3-dehydroretinol Y Vi ta min D Y Oc cur rence Y Iso la tion Y Sources and ab sorp tion Y Stor age and ex cre tion Y Met a bolic role Y Func tions Y De fi ciency

dis ease Y Daily re quire ments Y Vi ta min E or to coph erols Y Oc cur rence— (source and ab sorp tion) Y Func tions Y Iso la tion Y Dis eases caused by

de fi ciency Y Daily re quire ments Y Struc ture Y Wa ter sol u ble vi ta mins Y Vi ta min B com plex Y Vi ta min B1 or Thi a mine Y Source Y Iso la tion Y Stor age Y

Dis eases caused by de fi ciency Y Re quire ments Y Struc ture Y Ri bo fla vin or Vi ta min B2 Y Oc cur rence and sources Y Iso la tion Y Ab sorp tion stor age and

ex cre tion Y Dis ease caused by de fi ciency Y Re quire ments Y Struc ture Y Pantothenic acid or Vi ta min B3 Y Oc cur rence and sources Y Iso la tion Y Dis ease

caused by de fi ciency Y Struc ture Y Re quire ments Y Nic o tinic acid (Ni a cin) and nicotinamide (Niacinamide) Y Oc cur rence and sources Y Iso la tion Y

Ab sorp tion, stor age and ex cre tion Y Dis ease caused by de fi ciency Y Re quire ments Y Struc ture Y Pyridoxine or vi ta min B6 or Adermin Y Oc cur rence and

source Y Iso la tion Y Func tions Y Se cre tion Y Dis ease caused by de fi ciency Y Re quire ments Y Struc ture Y Bi o tin or Vi ta min B7 or vi ta min H Y Sources Y

Iso la tion Y Dis ease caused by de fi ciency Y Stor age and Se cre tion Y Re quire ments Y Struc ture Y Cobalamine or vi ta min B12 Y Oc cur rence Y Iso la tion Y

Ab sorp tion and Stor age Y Se cre tion Y Dis ease caused by de fi ciency Y Re quire ments Y Ascor bic acid or vi ta min C Y Oc cur rence Y Iso la tion Y Ab sorp tion,

stor age and ex cre tion Y Dis ease caused by de fi ciency Y Re quire ments Y Struc ture Y Syn thetic Per fumes Y Es ters Y Al co hols Y Ke tones Y lonones Y

Ni tro musks Y Al de hydes Y Di phen yl com pounds Y Pro duc tion of nat u ral per fumes Y Flower per fumes Y Fruit fla vours Y Ar ti fi cial fla vours Y Dyes Y

Sen sa tion of col our Y Col our and con sti tu tion Y No men cla ture Y Fibres to be dyed Y Dye ing Y Meth ods of dye ing Y Di rect Dye ing Y Vat dye ing Y

Mor dant dye ing Y Sub stan tive dye ing Y Dis perse dye ing Y For ma tion of dye on the fi bre Y Dye ing with re ac tive dyes Y Dye ing of wool with acid dyes Y

Cross dye ing Y Method of print ing Y Ba sic op er a tions in dye ing Y Dye in ter me di ates Y Clas si fi ca tion of dyes Y Clas si fi ca tion of dyes ac cord ing to their

mode of ap pli ca tion Y Acid dyes Y Ba sic dyes Y Di rect or sub stan tive dyes Y Mor dant or ad jec tive dyes Y Lakes Y Vat dyes Y In grain dyes or de vel oped

dyes Y Ice colours Y Sul phur dyes Y Pig ment dyes Y Sol vent or spirit sol u ble dyes Y Food dyes Y Clas si fi ca tion of dyes based on chem i cal con sti tu tion Y

Nitroso dyes Y Ni tro dyes Y Azo dyes Y Acid azo dyes Y Methyl or ange Y Methyl red Y Or ange I Y Ba sic azo dyes Y Di rect or sub stan tive azo dyes Y

Mor dant azo dyes Y Stilbene dyes Y In grain or de vel oped azodyes Y Sub-classes of azo dyes Y Diphenylmethane dyes Y Triphenylmethane dyes Y

Phthal eins Y Xanthene dyes Y Thiazole dyes Y Anthraquinone dyes Y Method of ap pli ca tion Y Indigoids Y Ap pli ca tion of the dye Y Sul phur or sul phide

dyes Y Pig ments Y Flu o res cent bright en ing agents Y Non tex tile use of dyes Y Prin ci ples of Met al lurgy Y Char ac ter is tics of met als Y Phys i cal prop er ties

of met als Y Sources of el e ments Y Oc cur rence of met als Y Slags and fluxes Y Met als and me tal lic char ac ter Y Non met als Y Metalloids Y Clas si fi ca tion of

ores Y Met al lurgy Y Fur naces Y Ore dress ing Y Phys i cal meth ods Y Chem i cal meth ods Y Ion ex change meth ods in met al lurgy Y Sol vent ex trac tion

meth ods in met al lurgy Y Iron And Steel Y Oc cur rence Y Im pu ri ties in ores and their ef fects Y Com mer cial forms of iron Y Al lo tropic forms of iron Y

Prop er ties of iron Y Ef fect of im pu ri ties on prop er ties of cast iron Y De scrip tion of blast fur nace Y Man u fac ture of cast iron or pig iron Y Blast fur nace slag Y

Mod ern trends in blast fur nace prac tice Y Prop er ties of cast iron Y Va ri et ies of cast iron Y Types of cast ings Y Heat treat ment of cast iron Y Wrought iron Y

Man u fac ture Y Prop er ties of wrought iron Y Steel Y Man u fac ture Y Ce men ta tion pro cess Y Cru ci ble pro cess Y Bes se mer pro cess Y Linz Donawitz or L.D.

pro cess Y Open hearth pro cess Y Elec tric fur nace method Y Re ac tions Y Du plex pro cess Y Heat treat ment of steel Y Vac uum treat ment of steel Y

Clas si fi ca tion of steel Y Me chan i cal treat ment Y Ex tru sion Y Wire draw ing Y Steel in gots and their de fects Y Ferro-al loys Y Car bon steels Y Ef fect of

im pu ri ties on steel Y Al loy steels Y Stain less steel Y Ferro-al loys Y Iron and steel in In dia Y Al loys Y Pur pose of mak ing al loys Y The ory of al loys Y Types of

al loys Y Fer rous al loys Y Al loy steels or spe cial steels Y Light al loys Y Cast al loys Y Non-fer rous al loys Y Cop per al loys Y Nickel al loys Y Nickel iron al loys Y

34

Nickel-chro mium al loys Y Super al loys Y Lead al loys Y Bear ing al loys Y Low melt ing al loys Y Type metal Y Plat in oid Y Dye cast ing zinc al loys Y Foam ing

and shear ing al loys Y Slush cast ing al loys Y Hard al loys Y Modes of for ma tion of al loys Y Prep a ra tion of al loys Y Heat treat ment of al loys Y Pow der

Met al lurgy Y Ad van tages of pow der met al lurgy Y Dis ad van tages and lim i ta tions Y Man u fac tur ing pro cess Y Ap pli ca tions of pow der met al lurgy Y

Ad vances in pow der met al lurgy Y Cor ro sion Y Eco nomic as pects of cor ro sion Y Types of cor ro sion Y Dry or chem i cal cor ro sion Y Wet or

elec tro chem i cal cor ro sion Y Chem i cal cor ro sion Y Fac tors af fect ing chem i cal cor ro sion Y The o ries of wet cor ro sion Y Gal vanic cor ro sion Y Con cen tra tion

cor ro sion Y At mo spheric cor ro sion Y Open air cor ro sion Y Un der wa ter cor ro sion Y Un der ground cor ro sion or soil cor ro sion Y Dif fer ent types of cor ro sion

Y Gen eral or uni form cor ro sion Y Pit ting cor ro sion Y Inter gran u lar cor ro sion Y Wa ter line cor ro sion Y Stress cor ro sion Y Mi cro bi o log i cal cor ro sion Y

Ero sion cor ro sion Y Cor ro sion fa tigue Y De zin ci fi ca tion Y Cor ro sive agents Y Pre ven tion of cor ro sion Y Meth ods based on treat ment of met als Y Meth ods

based on treat ment of me dium Y Meth ods based on ex ter nal in flu ence Y Some Small Scale Units Y Safety matches Y Agarbatties Y Naph tha lene balls

Y Wax can dles Y Shoe pol ish Y Gum paste Y Writ ing/Foun tain pen ink Y Chalk cray ons Y Plas ter of Paris Y Sil i con car bide cru ci bles Y How to re move

stains Y El e ments And Their Im por tance Y Hy dro gen Y Al kali met als (Group 1) Y Al ka line earth met als (Group 2) Y Alu mi num fam ily (Group 13) Y

Car bon fam ily (Group 14) Y Nitrogen family (Group 15) Y Oxygen family (Group 16) Y Halogen family (Group 17) Y Noble gases (Group 18) Y

Scandium group (Group 3) Y Titanium group (Group 4) Y Vanadium group (Group 5) Y Chromium group (Group 6) Y Manganese group (Group 7) Y

Iron group (Group 8) Y Bioinorganic chemistry of iron Y Cobalt group (Group 9) Y Nickel Group (Group 10) Y Copper group (Group 11) Y Zinc group

(Group 12).

Y In tro duc tion Y What is Fuel Y Cal o rific Value Y De ter mi na tion of Cal o rific Value Y Mod ern Con cept of Fu els Y Clas si fi ca tion of Fu els Y Cri te rion of

Se lec tion of Fuel Y Prop er ties of Fu els Y Meth ods for Pro cess ing Var i ous Fu els Y Solid Fu els Y Com po si tion and Prop er ties of Solid Fu els Y

Nat u ral Solid Fu els Y Ar ti fi cial Solid Fu els Y In dus trial Solid Fu els Y For ma tion of Coal Y Prop er ties of Coal Y Clas si fi ca tion of Coal Y

Cok ing and Non Cok ing Coals Y Pul ver ised Coal Y Role of Sul phur and Ash in Coal Y Ad van tages of Solid Fu els Over Liq uid and Gas eous

Fu els Y Dis ad van tages of Solid Fu els Over Liq uid And Gas eous Fu els Y Com po si tion of Coal Y Analysis of Coal Y Prox i mate Anal y sis Y

Ul ti mate Anal y sis Y Calorific Value Y Chem i cal Pro cess ing of Solid Fu els Y The High and Low Tem per a ture Carbonisation of Coal Y High

Tem per a ture Carbonisation of Coal Y Man u fac ture of Coal Gas Y Types of Cok ing Y Coal Chem i cals Y Re cov ery of Coal Chem i cals Y

Pro cess ing of Carbonisation Prod ucts Fu els for Met al lurgy Y Low Tem per a ture Carbonisation Y Dis til la tion of Coal Tar Y Uses of Tar

Prod ucts Y Light Oil From Coke Oven Gas Y Non-Peteroleum Fu els Y De struc tive Dis til la tion of Wood Y Liq ue fac tion of Coal Or

Hy dro ge na tion of Coal Y Syn thetic Fu els From Coal Y Col loi dal Fu els Y Some Forms of In dus trial Car bon Y Car bon Elec trodes Y De tails

of Man u fac ture Y Ac ti vated Car bon Y Ap pli ca tions of Ac ti vated Car bon Y Gas eous Fu els Y Ad van tages of Gas eous Fu els Y

Clas si fi ca tion of Gas eous Fu els Y Nat u ral Gas eous Fu els Y Nat u ral Gasoline Y Avi a tion Gas o line Y Ker o sene Oil Y Gas Oil Y Die sel Fuel Y

Ben zol Y Ar ti fi cial Gas eous Fu els Wa ter Gas Y Carbureted Wa ter Gas Y Carburetted Wa ter Gas Y Pro ducer Gas Y Semiwater Gas Y Oil

Gas Y Liq uid Pe tro leum Gas (LPG) Y Bio Gas or Gobar Gas Y Coal Gas Y Blast Fur nace Gas Y Ad van tages of Gas eous Fu els Over Solid

and Liq uid Fu els Y Ad van tages of Gas eous Fu els Y Gas Anal y sis Y Meth ods Em ployed Y Gas Col lec tion Y Sim ple Gas Bu rette Lev el ling

Tube and Pi pette Hempel Ap pa ra tus Y Gen eral Pro ce dure Y Anal y sis of Fuel Gases Y Orsat Ap pa ra tus for Flue Gases Y Liq uid Fu els Y

Char ac ter is tics of Liq uid Fu els Y Pe tro leum Y Oc cur rence Y Min ing of Pe tro leum Y Pros pect ing Y Col our and Con sis tency Y Or i gin Y

Com po si tion Y Clas si fi ca tion Y Terms Re lat ing to Pe tro leum Y Ba sic Physico-Chem i cal Prop er ties of Pe tro leum And Pe tro leum Prod ucts

Y Grad ing of Pe tro leum Y De ter mi na tion of Flash Point Y Oc tane and Cetane Num bers Y Knock ing Y Antiknock Com pounds Y Oc tane

Num ber Y Cetane Num ber Y Chem i cal Treat ment for Upgrating A Liq uid Fuel Y Re form ing Y Poly meri sa tion Y Cat a lytic Polymerisaiton

to Form Iso-Oc tane and Mo tor Fuel Y Alkylation Y Isomerisation Y Aro ma ti sa tion Y Dis til la tion of Crude Pe tro leum Y Pre lim i nary

Pro cess ing of Pe tro leum Y Prep a ra tion of Pe tro leum for Pro cess ing Y De struc tion of Pe tro leum Emul sion Y Elec tric De salt ing Plants Y

Fun da men tals of Pre lim i nary Dis til la tion Y Meth ods of Pe tro leum Dis til la tion Y Dis til la tion of Crude Pe tro leum Y Treat ment of the Re sid ual

Liq uid Y Pro cess ing of Liq uid Fu els Such As Pe tro leum and Pe tro leum Prod ucts Y Pe tro leum Pro cess ing Equip ment Y Stor age Tanks Y

Rec ti fi ca tion Col umns Y Steam Space Heat ers or Boil ers Y Con dens ers Y Pipe Fur naces Y Pipe lines Y Fit tings Y Com pres sors and Pumps Y

Pe tro leum Prod ucts Y Clas si fi ca tion of Pe tro leum Prod ucts Y Liq ue fied Hy dro car bon Gases and Fu els Y Fu els Oils or Boiler Oils Y Fu els

For Jet and Gas Tur bine En gine Y Lu bri cants, Prod ucts of Oil Par af fin Pro cess ing and Other Pe tro leum Prod ucts Y Fuel Oils Or Boiler Oils Y

Fu els for Jet And Gas Tur bine En gine Y Lu bri cants, Prod ucts of Oil Par af fin Pro cess ing and Other Pe tro leum Prod ucts Y Prod uct of

Pet ro chem i cal and Ba sic Or ganic Syn the sis Y Dye In ter me di ates Y Lac quers Y Sol vents and Thin ners Y Oils Y Pu ri fi ca tion of Pe tro leum

Prod ucts Y Ab sorp t ive and Ad sorp t ive Pu r i f i ca t ion Y Sulphuric acid Pu r i f i ca t ion Y Al ka l ine Pu r i f i ca t ion Y Hydrofining Y

35

–B.K. Sharma266–02 (B) Fuels & Petroleum Processing

Pu ri fi ca tion in A D.C. Elec tric Field Y New Meth ods of Pu ri fi ca tion Y Demercaptanisation Y Sta bi li za tion Y Dewaxing of Fuel and Oil Frac tions

Y Char ac ter is t ics of Dewaxing Y In dus tr ial Plant for Dewaxing By Urea Y Dewaxing of Die sel Dis t i l lates On Mo lec u lar Sieves

(Zeoli tes) Y Ther mal Pro cesses Y Ther mal Crack ing Y Re cy cle Crack ing Y Ther mal Crack ing Plants Y Ther mal Crack ing of Fuel Oil Y

Chem is try and Mech a nism of Crack ing of Prin ci pal Classes of Hy dro car bons Y Cok ing Y Stil l Cok ing Y Slow Cok ing Y Con tact Cok ing

Y Py rol y sis Y Cat a lytic Pro cesses Y Cat a lytic Crack ing Y Houdry Pro cess Y Prin ci ple Re ac tions of Cat a lytic Crack ing Y Ad van tages of

Cat a lytic Crack ing Over Ther mal Crack ing Y Cat a lysts Used in Cat a lytic Crack ing Y Start ing Ma te ri als and Prod ucts of Cat a lytic Clacking

Y Char ac ter is tics of Cat a lytic Crack ing Y Plants for Cat a lytic Crack ing Y Cat a lytic Re form ing Y Ba sic Re ac tions of Cat a lytic Re form ing Y

Start ing Ma te ri als and Prod ucts of Cat a lytic Re form ing Y Char ac ter is tics of Cat a lytic Re form ing Y In dus trial Cat a lytic Re form ing Plants Y

Cat a lytic Hy dro ge na tion Y Prin ci pal Re ac tions Y Cat a lysts for Cat a lytic Hy dro ge na tion Y Cat a lysts for Cat a lytic Hy dro ge na tion Y

Char ac ter is tics of Cat a lytic Hy dro ge na tion Pro cess Y Hydrofining of Pe tro leum Dis til lates Y Cat a lysts for Hydrofining Y Transformation

of Sul phur Com pounds Y Start ing Ma te ri als and Prod ucts of Hydrofining Y Char ac ter is tics of Hydrofining Y In dus trial Hydrofining Plants

Y Hy dro gen Crack ing Y Other Cat a lytic Pro cess Y Hy dro car bons from Pe tro leum Y Raw Ma te rial Y Sat u rated Hy dro car bons From

Nat u ral Gas Y Uses of Sat u rated Hy dro car bons Y Un sat u rated Hy dro car bons Acet y lene, C H2 2 Y Eth yl ene, Ethene or C H2 4 Y Propene

or C H3 6 Y Bu ty lenes or Butenes Y Ar o matic Hy dro car bons Y To lu ene Or Methyl Ben zene, C H CH6 5 3 Y Xylenes Or Ortho, Meta and

Para Dimethyl Benzenes, C H CH6 4 3( )2 Y Pro cess ing of Light Hy dro car bon Gases Y Com po si tion and Prop er ties of the Gases Y Phys i cal

Meth ods of Sep a ra tion of Gas Mix tures Y Pro cess ing of Hy dro car bon Gases Y Chem i cal Pro cess ing of Par af fin Hy dro car bons Y Chem i cal

Pro cess ing of Eth yl ene Hy dro car bons Y Chem i cal Pro cess ing of Acet y lene Y Chem i cal Pro cess ing of Ar o matic Hy dro car bons Y Poly meri sa tion of

Olefins Y Alkylation of Iso bu tane By Olefins Y Isomerisation of Par af finic Hy dro car bons Y Pet ro chem i cals Y Raw Ma te ri als Y Man u fac ture of

Pet ro chem i cal Y Alkylation, Dealkylation, and Hydrodealkylation Y An i ma tion By Ammonolysis and Re duc tion Y Py rol y sis or Ther mal and

Cat a lytic Crack ing Y Esterificaiton YHalogenation and Hydrohalogenation Y Hydration and Hy dro ly sis Y Hy dro ge na tion and Dehydrogenation Y

Ni tra tion Y Ox i da tion Y Oxo or Hydroformation Y Carbonylation Y Oxi dis ing Chlo ri na tion Y Poly meri sa tion Y Poly eth yl ene or Poly thene Y

Poly propy lene Y Poly sty rene Y In dus trial Or ganic Syn the sis Y The Raw Ma te rial and Ba sic Pro cesses Y Chem i cal Pro cess Used In In dus trial

Or ganic Syn the sis Y Pet ro chem i cals Y Methyl Al co hol, CH OH3 Y Eth a nol Or C H OH2 5 or In dus trial Al co hol Y Acetaldehyde, CH CHO3 Y Ace tic

Acid, CH COOH3 Y Isopropanol CH CHOHCH3 3 Y Eth yl ene Gly col, CH OH.CH OH2 2 Y Glyc er ine, CH OH.CHOH.CH OH2 2 Y Ac e tone,

Pro pa none, CH COCH3 3 Y Phe nol, C H OH6 5 Y Form al de hyde, HCHO Y Ethyl Ac e tate CH COOC H3 2 5 Y 1, 3-Bu ta diene Or Divinyl Y Sty rene

Y Lu bri cants Y Prop er ties of Lu bri cants Y Clas si fi ca tion of Lu bri ca tion Y Sub stances Used As Lu bri cants Y Ad di tive for Lu bri cat ing Oils Y

Lu bri cants of Min eral Or i gin Y Syn thetic Lu bri cants Y Lu bri cat ing Greases Y Chem i cal Prop er ties of Greases Y Solid Lu bri cants Y Lu bri cants

Emul sions Y Some Tests Car ried Out on Lu bri cants Y Cut ting flu ids Y Se lec tion of Lu bri cants Y Lu bri cat ing Oil Clas si fi ca tion and Their Uses for

Dif fer ent Types of Ma chin ery Y Man u fac ture of Oils and Greases Y Se lec tive Sol vents Y Deasphaltization of Goudron by Pro pane Y Se lec tive

Pu ri fi ca tion of Oil Dis til lates and Deasphaltizates Y Com bined Pro cess of Deasphaltization and Se lec tive Pu ri fi ca tion Y Dewaxing of Raffinates Y

Prep a ra tion of Base Com po nents and Prep a ra tion of Com mer cial Oils Y Oil Ad di tives Y Greases Y Rocket Fu els and Nu clear Fu els Y Pro pel lants

of Rocket and Guided Mis siles Y Nu clear Fu els Y Fuel Cells Y Gen eral Chem is try of Fu els Cells Y Some Fuel Cells Y Hy dro gen Ox y gen Fuel Cell Y

Hy dro car bon-Ox y gen Fuel Cell Y Car bon Mon ox ide Cell Y Methyl Al co hol Fuel Cell Y Hy dro gen -Ox y gen Cells in Manned Space Flights Y Ef fi ciency

of Fuel Cell Y Ad van tages of Fuel Cell Y Fuel Fired Furnaces Y Devices for Fuel Combustion Y Selection of Fuel And Combustion Method Y Methods

of Handling Y Furnace Atmosphere Y Combustion Y Calculation of Air Required for Combustion Y Hydrogen-Source of Energy and Fuel for

Future Y Hydrogen Cells Y Sources of Hydrogen Y Industrial Production of Hydrogen Y Industrial Uses of Hydrogen.

Y In tro duc tion Y Plastics Y History, properties and uses of some important plastics Y Classification of commercial resins and plastics by

derivation Y Summary of resin properties and applications Y Molecular makeup and properties of polymers Y Types of resins and plastics

with common trade names Y Plas tics Y Classification Y Difference between thermosetting plastic and thermoplastic Y Poly meri sa tion

Y Condensation polymerisation Y Addition polymerisation Y Difference between addition and condensation polymerisation Y

Mechanism of addition or chain polymerisation Y Free radical addition polymerisation Y Cationic addition polymerisation Y Anionic

addition polymerisation Y Chain transfer reactions Y Branching and cross linking in free radical addition polymerisation Y

Copolymerisation Y Free radical copolymerisation Y Ionic copolymerisation Y Copolycondensation Y Poly addition polymerisation Y

Ring opening polymerisation Y Group transfer polymerisation Y Co-ordination polymerisation Y Polymerisation process Y Ef fect of

36

–B.K. Sharma267–04 Polymer Chemistry

Poly mer Struc ture on Properies Y Molecular weight Y Strength Y Plastic deformation Y Physical state of polymer Y Elastic property Y

Chemical resistance Y Solubility Y Intermolecular forces in monomers and polymers Y Plastics, elastomers and fibres Y Mechanical

behaviour of polymers Y Properties of plastics Y Chem i cal and Geo met ri cal Struc ture of Poly mer Mol e cules Y Classification

based on several features of high molecular compounds Y Factors molecular affecting rate and direction of polymerisation reactions Y

Chemical reactions characteristic of high molecular compounds Y Poly mer So lu tions Y The process of polymer dissolution Y

Thermodynamics of polymer dissolution Y Some solvents and non-solvents for polymers Y Effect of molecular weight on solubility Y Solubility

of crystalline and amorphous polymers Y Nature of polymer molecules in solution Y Viscosity of dilute polymer solution Y Viscosity of

concentrated polymer solutions Y Crystallinity of Poly mers Y Isotactic syndiotactic and atactic polymers Y Crystallisability Y Structure

regularity and crystallisability Y Effect of crystallinity on the properties of polymers Y Optical and geometrical isomerism Y

Stereochemistry of Poly mers Y P r e p a r a t i o n o f s t e r e o r e g u l a r p o l y m e r s Y Co-ordination polymerisation Y Glass Tran si tion

Tem per a ture Y What is glass transition temperature ? Y Glassy solids and glass transition Y Transitions and properties associated with

them Y Factors affecting glass transition temperature Y Glass transition temperature and plasticisers Y Glass transition temperature

and melting point Y Glass transition temperature and molecular weight Y Glass transition temperature of copolymers Y Importance of

glass transition temperature Y Heat distortion temperature Y Prep a ra tion of Mono mers Y Monomers capable of chain polymerisation Y

Saturated hydrocarbons from natural gas Y Unsaturated hydrocarbons Y Acetylene Y Ethylene Y Butylenes Y Aromatic hydrocarbons Y Benzene Y

Toluene Y Xylenes Y Chemical processes used in industrial organic synthesis Y Processing of hydrocarbon gases Y Chemical processing of paraffin

hydrocarbons Y Chemical processing of ethylene hydrocarbons Y Chemical processing of acetylene Y Chemical processing of aromatic

hydrocarbons Y Methanol Y Ethanol Y Acetaldehyde Y Acetic acid Y Isopropanol Y Ethylene glycol Y Glycerine Y Acetone Y Phenol Y

Formaldehyde Y Ethyl acetate Y 1,3-butadiene Y Styrene Y Phase Sys tems for Poly meri sa tion Y Mass or bulk polymerisation Y Solution

polymerisation Y Emulsion polymerisation Y Bead polymerisation or suspension polymerisation Y Polycondensation techniques Y

Melt polycondensation Y Solution polycondensation Y Interfacial condensation Y Solid and gas phase polymerisation Y Monomer

purification Y Experimental techniques Y Bulk polymerisation of styrene Y Emulsion polymerisation of styrene Y Precipitation

polymerisation of acrylonitrile Y Suspension polymerisation of methyl methacrylate Y Interfacial polycondensation of terephthaloyl

chloride and ethylene diamine Y Isolation and purification of polymers Y Some Nat u ral Poly mers Y Natural resins Y Polysaccharides Y

Starch Y Glycogen Y Cellulose Y Preparation of cellulose Y Sulphide method of making wood cellulose Y Sulphate method of producing cellulose

(wood pulp) Y Recovery of byproducts Y Processing of cellulose Y Proteins Y Composition Y Classification Y Nature of proteins- structure of proteins

Y Properties and structure Y Analysis of proteins Y Conformation of protein molecules Y Denaturation of proteins Y Pro duc tion of Poly mers Y

Ethenoid plastics and resins Y Polyethylene or polythene Y Polypropylene Y Polystyrene Y Polybutylene Y Polyisobutylene Y Polyacrylic acid Y

Polycarbonates Y Vinyl resins and plastics Y Polyvinyl acetate Y Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Y Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) Y Polyvinylidene chloride Y

Vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate co-polymer Y Polyvinyl carbonate Y Polyvinyl fluoride Y Polyvinylidene fluoride Y polyvinyl carbazole Y Polyvinyl

pyrrolidone Y Polyvinyl oxazolidinone Y Cellulose plastics and resins Y Cellulose esters Y Celluloid or cellulose nitrate Y Cellulose acetate Y

Cellulose acetate butyrate Y Cellulose ethers Y Ethyl cellulose Y Methyl cellulose Y Carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) Y Acrylic resins and plastics Y

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) Y Polyester resins and plastics Y Alkyd resins and plastics Y Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Y Amino resins and

plastics Y Urea formaldehyde resins Y Manufacture of moulding compounds Y Melamine formaldehyde resins Y Applications of amino resins Y

Polyimide resins and plastics Y Phenol- formaldehyde resins and plastics Y Bakelite Y Preparation of resol Y Cast phenolics Y Ion exchange resins Y

Silicone resins and plastics Y Different types of silicones and their uses Y Epoxy resins and plastics Y Miscellaneous polymers Y Polyureas Y

Polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols Y Rub ber Y Historical Y Importance of rubber Y Rubber plants Y Types of rubber Y Chlorinated and

oxygenated rubber Y Cyclorubber Y Latex Y Coagulation of rubber Y Crude natural rubber Y Gutaa percha Y Gutyule rubber Y Balata Y Refining of

crude rubber Y Drawbacks of raw rubber Y Rubber fabrication Y Vulcanisation Y Techniques of vulcanisation Y Properties vulcanised rubber Y

Physical properties of rubber Y Chemical properties of rubber Y Solvents for natural rubber Y Classification of rubber Y Synthetic rubber Y

Polyisoprene rubber (synthetic natural rubber) Y Lactoprene Y Buna-S or SBR rubber Y Neoprene or GR- M rubber Y Properties of neoprene Y

Buna-N or GR-A or nitrile rubber Y Properties of Buna-N Y Butyl rubber Y Properties of butyl rubber Y Thiokol (polysulphide rubber) Y Properties of

thiokol Y Silicone rubber Y Properties of silicone rubber Y Poly urethane rubber (isocyanate rubber) Y Properties of urethane rubber Y Spandex Y

Reclaimed Y Advantages of reclaimed rubber Y Properties of reclaimed rubber Y Sponge rubber Y Foam rubber Y Properties of foam rubber Y

Laminates Y Rubber cement Y Thermocole- Applications of rubber Y Rubber derivatives Y Syn thetic Fibres Y Important requirements of a fibre Y

Difference between natural fibres and artificial or synthetic fibres Y Properties of synthetic fibres Y Methods of spinning Y Applications synthetic fibres Y

Rayon or artificial silk Y Nitrocellulose rayon or pyroxilin Y Cuprammonium rayon Y Properties of cuprammonium rayon Y Properties of diacetate

fibres Y Viscose rayon Y Properties of viscose rayon Y Preparation of nylon intermediates Y Manufacture Y Nylon-6 (kapron) Y Various routes of nylon

Y Nylon-6 or perlon-L Y Properties of nylon-66 Y Terylene or dacron Y Properties of synthetic fibres Y Manufacture of dacron Y Properties of dacron Y

Orlon Y Saran Y Vinyon Y Teflon Y Properties of teflon Y Dynel Y Fabric defects- definitions and princple causes Y Terminology used in fibre

technology Y Frac tion ation Y Fractional precipitation technique Y Partial dissolution or extraction technique Y Gradient elution technique Y Gel

37

permeation chromatography (GPC) technique Y Dif fer ent Unit Struc ture of Poly mers Y The causes of different unit structure of polymers Y

Amomalous groups Y Typical reactions of polymer chemical modification Y The effect of unit structure on the properties of polymers Y Poly mer

Deg ra da tion Y Types of degradation Y Thermal degradation Y Mechanical degradation Y Photodegradation Y Degradation by high energy radiation

Y Degradation by ultrasonic waves Y Oxidative degradation Y Ozone oxidation degradation Y Oxidative degradation of saturated ‘polymers’ Y

Oxidation of phenol formaldehyde Y Antioxidants Y Poly mer Pro cess ing Y Compounding Y Moulding constituents of plastics Y Initiators and

inhibitors Y Resin manufacture processes Y Processing techniques Y Moulding of plastics into articles Y Calender Y Casting Y Thermoforming Y

Foaming Y Reinforcing Y Other methods Y Spinning of fibres Y Mercerisation Y Di elec tric or In su lat ing Prop er ties of Poly mers Y Mechanical

characteristics Y Electrical characteristics Y Thermal characteristics Y Physicochemical characteristics Y Solid polymerisation dielectrics Y Solid

condensation dielectrics Y Heat resistant high polymer dielectrics Y Insulating rubbers Y Varnishes and enamels Y Compounds Y Plastic laminates Y

Basic characteristics of plastic laminates Y Mo lec u lar Weight Determination of Polymers Y Molecular weight of macromolecules Y Methods of

determining molecular weight.

Y Spectroscopy Y Fundamental Principles of Spectroscopy Y Regions of electromagnetic spectrum Y Properties of electromagnetic radiations Y

Spectroscopy Y Advantages of spectroscopy Y Wave properties of electromagnetic radiation Y Ground and excited states Y Absorption spectra Y

Emission spectra Y Born Oppenheimer approximation Y Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter — Rotational, vibrational and electronic

energy levels Y Molecular absorption spectra Y Types of molecular spectra Y Fluorescence Y Phosphorescence Y Raman spectra Y Interference Y

Diffraction of radiation Y Transmission of radiation Y Dispersion of radiation Y Refraction of radiation Y Reflection of radiation Y Scattering of radiation Y

Polarisation of light Y Thermal radiation Y Practical sources of radiation Y Particle properties of radiation Y The photoelectric effect Y The Compton effect

Y Introduction to optical methods Y Radiation sources Y Wavelength selection Y Monochromator Y Sample containers Y Detectors Y Photometric

analytical methods Y Spurious radiation Y Signal indicator Y Natural line width and natural line broadening including uncertainty relation Y Intensity of

spectral lines and transition probability Y Transition probability, transition moment and results of time dependent perturbation theory Y Selection rules Y

Atomic spectroscopy, Energies of atomic orbitals Y Vector model of atom — vector representation of momenta and vector coupling Y Spectra of hydrogen

atom and alkali metal atoms Y Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy Y Spectra of liquids Y Colorimetric and spectrophotometric analysis Y Visible

spectrometry Y Preparation of the coloured solution Y Measurement of the coloured solution Y Laws of absorption Y Deviations from Beer’s law Y

Measurement of absorption Y Reasons for deviation from Beer’s law Y Techniques for colour comparison Y Instrumentation Y Sources Y Filters and

monochromators Y Slits Y Gratings Y Cuvette Y The vacuum region Y Radiation detectors and indicators Y Photovoltaic cells or Barrier layer cells Y

Photoemissive (vacuum) tubes Y Photomultiplier tubes Y Instrument design Y Colorimeters Y Disadvantages of visual colorimetric methods Y

Photometers Y Photometers employing barrier layer cellsY Photometers employing photoemissive tubes Y Photometers employing photomultiplier tubes Y

Single beam and double beam instruments Y One cell and two cell instruments Y Method of colour measurement or comparison with photoelectric

photometer Y Spectrophotometers Y Photoelectric spectrophotometer Y Sources of errors Y Calibration Y Presentation of spectral data Y Special

spectrophotometric techniques Y Ultraviolet spectroscopy Y Origin of UV absorption spectra Y Ultraviolet spectrophotometers Y Sources of radiation Y

Monochromators Y Detectors Y Performance of spectrophotometers Y Special methodology in UV spectrometric analysis Y Colour in organic

compounds Y Absorption by organic molecules — energy levels, molecular orbitals and electronic spectra of polyatomic molecules Y Effect of conjugation

on chromophores Y Choice of solvent and solvent effects Y Effect of alkyl substitution and ring residues - Woodward and Fieser rules Y Aromatic

compounds Y Geometrical isomerism Y Absorption by inorganic systems Y Spectrophotometric studies of complex ions - determination of

ligand/metal ratio in a complex Y Determination of instability constants Y Determination of pK value of an indicator Y Chemical applications of UV

spectroscopy Y Qualitative analysis Y Quantitative analysis Y Analysis of organic compounds Y Analysis of inorganic complexes Y Analysis of

mixtures of absorbing substances Y Identification of compounds Y Measuring concentration of solutions Y Inorganic chemistry Y Structure of

inorganic complexes Y Study of H+ ion concentration Y Ortho and para forms of hydrogen molecule Y Photometric titrations Y Some

spectrophotometric determination Y Infrared Spectroscopy Y Molecular spectra Y Origin of infrared spectra Y Rotational or microwave spectrum

Y Microwave spectroscopy Y Classification of molecules Y Rigid rotor model Y Selection rules Y Effect of isotopic substitution on the transition frequencies

Y Relative intensities of spectral lines Y Non–rigid rotor Y Stark effect Y Nuclear and electron spin coupling or nuclear and electron spin interactions Y

Instrumentation in microwave spectroscopy Y Applications of microwave spectroscopy Y Vibrational rotational spectra -infrared spectroscopy Y

Vibrational energies of diatomic molecules Y Zero point energy Y Harmonic oscillator model Y Anharmonicity Y Anharmonicity and selection rules Y

Morse potential energy diagram Y P—Q—R bands Y Force constant Y Breakdown of the Born Oppenheimer approximation — the interactions of

rotations and vibrations Y Electronic band spectra Y Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules Y Franck Condon principle, vibronic transitions and

vibrational progression Y Electronic spectra of polyatomic molecules Y Charge transfer spectra and spectra of transition metal complexes

38

–B.K. Sharma268–30 Instrumental Methods of Chemical Analysis

Y Predissociation spectra Y Normal modes of vibrations of atoms in polyatomic molecules Y Group frequencies and factors affecting band position and

intensities Y Vibrational coupling Y Apparatus Y Light source Y Monochromator and optical material Y Sample handling Y Cells or sample holders Y

Detectors Y Amplifiers Y Instruments Y Advances in spectrophotometers Y Fourier Transform methods (FT methods)— Interferometric

spectrophotometers Y Hadamard spectroscopy Y Abridged spectrophotometers Y Non–dispersive photometers Y Hot bands Y Factors influencing

vibrational frequencies Y Comparison of mid infrared, near infrared and far infrared regions Y Metal ligand vibrations Y Interpretation of IR spectra

Y Characteristic group frequencies of organic molecules (A) hydrocarbons Y Normal alkanes (paraffins) Y Branched chain alkanes Y Cycloalkanes Y

Alkenes or olefinic hydrocarbons Y Alkynes Y Aromatic hydrocarbons Y Alcohols and phenols Y Aldehydes and ketones Y Ethers Y Esters Y Acid

halides Y Carboxylic acid Y Amines and amides Y Important spectral regions in the infrared Y Environmental effects Y Molecular shape Y

Applications of IR spectroscopy Y Raman Spectroscopy Y Raman spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy Y Advantages of Raman spectroscopy over

infrared spectroscopy Y Discovery of Raman effect Y Explanation of light scattering by molecules Y Difference between fluorescence and Raman

spectroscopy Y Nature of Raman spectra Y Pure rotational, vibrational and vibrational — rotational Raman spectra and selection rules Y Apparatus used

for studying Raman effect Y Lasers Y Sample preparation Y Classical theory of Raman effect Y Quantum theory of Raman effect Y General mechanism of

Raman effect Y Raman effect in liquids Y Raman effect in gases Y Raman effect in solids Y Application of Raman effect to chemistry Y Law of mutual

exclusion Y Raman activity of molecular vibrations Y Raman effect and molecular structure Y Qualitative analysis Y Quantitative analysis Y Advantages

and limitations of Raman spectroscopy Y Resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) Y Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) Y Basic principle

and experimental technique of CARS Y Advantages of CARS over normal Raman scattering Y Disadvantages of CARS Y Applications of CARS Y

Coherent and incoherent radiation Y Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy or Absorption Flame Photometry Y Introduction and principle

Y Procedure Y Preparation of samples Y Measurement of atomic absorption Y Sensitivity Y Calibrating solutions Y Methods of calibration

Y Advantages of atomic absorption Y Disadvantages and limitations of atomic absorption Y Precision and accuracy of atomic absorption

spectroscopy Y Flame emission Y Relationship between atomic absorption and flame emission spectroscopy Y Advantages of atomic

absorption over flame emission Y Line widths Y Instruments Y Sources Y Flame Y Flame profiles Y Devices for the formation of an atomic

vapour Y Flame atomisation Y Monochromators and filters Y Optical system, detectors and indicators Y Readout devices Y Oxidants and

fuels Y Types of burners Y Applications of atomic absorption Y Analytical applications Y Interferences Y Cation interferences Y Anion

interferences Y Analytical variables Y Some typical determinations by atomic absorption spectroscopy Y Atomic fluorescence

spectroscopy Y Flame Emission Spectroscopy or Flame Photometry Y Principle Y Flames and flame spectra Y Variation of emission

intensity within the flame Y Flame temperature Y Chemical reactions in flames Y Metallic spectra in flames Y Effect of organic solvents on

flame spectra Y Flame background Y Instruments Y Pressure regulators and flow meters Y Flame source Y Atomizers and burners Y Optical

and electronic system Y Photosensitive detectors Y Flame photometers Y Flame spectrophotometers Y Single beam and double beam

instruments Y Calibration curve Y Flame spectrophotometer Y Errors in flame photometry (interferences) Y Quantitative analysis Y

Applications Y Determination of sodium in general different samples by flame photometry Y Special applications Y Some flame emission

spectroscopic procedures Y Emission Spectroscopy Y Theoretical principles of the production of emission spectrum Y Origin of

emission spectra Y The emission process Y Radiative and non-radiative decay processes Y Internal conversion Y The spectra produced by

electronic excitation Y Units Y Apparatus for emission spectroscopy Y Excitation sources Y Controlled and multisources Y General

purpose sources Y Plasma discharge Y Samples Y Electrodes Y Preparation of electrodes and samples Y Sample polarity Y Excitation of

the constituents of solutions Y Illumination system Y Apparatus Y Optical spectrometers Y Classification of spectrometers Y Measures

used for the comparison of prism instruments Y Grating instruments Y Measures used for the comparison of grating instruments Y The

photographic process Y Qualitative analysis Y Quantitative analysis Y Internal standard and data treatment Y Intensity measurement Y

Photoelectric method Y Semiquantitative analysis Y X-Ray Methods Y Mosley's law Y Continuous spectra from electron beam sources Y

Discontinuous (line) spectra from electron beam sources Y Fluorescent line spectra Y X-Ray fluorescence Y Radioactive sources Y Absorption of X-rays Y

X-ray instrumentation Y X-ray detection and measurement Y Ionisation methods for measurement of radiations Y Samples Y Non-dispersive X-ray

spectrometers Y X-ray emission methods Y Qualitative and semiquantitative analysis Y Quantitative analysis Y Applications of X-ray emission Y X-ray

absorption methods Y Direct absorption method Y Analysis of lighter elements Y The absorption edge method Y Absorption apparatus Y Applications of

absorption methods Y X-ray absorption v/s X-ray emission Y Advantages of X-ray methods Y Disadvantages of X-ray methods Y X-ray diffraction

methods Y The Laue method of X-ray analysis Y Bragg’s law Y Diffraction of X-rays Y Production and detection of X-rays — Debye Scherrer method Y

Sample preparation Y Identification of powder diffraction patterns Y Quantitative analysis Y Molecular Luminescence Fluorometry and

Phosphorimetry Y Fluorescence and phosphorescence Y Factors affecting fluorescence and phosphorescence Y Internal conversion Y External

conversion Y Quenching Y Theory Y Relation between intensity of fluorescence and concentration Y Calculation of results Y Measurement of fluorescence

Y Filter fluorometers Y Spectrofluorometers Y Advantages Y Limitations Y Precautions Y Selection of an excitation wavelength for analysis Y Reporting

fluorescence spectra Y Applications of fluorometric analysis Y Applications in inorganic chemistry Y Organic and biological applications Y Special

fluorometric applications Y Phosphorimetry Y Applications of phosphorimetry Y Solvents used Y Chemiluminescence Y Nephelometry and

Turbidimetry Y Light scattering Y Nephelometry and turbidimetry Y Choice between nephelometry and turbidimetry Y Turbidity and colorimetry Y

Nephelometry and fluorometry Y Theory of nephelometry and turbidimetry Y Instruments for nephelometry and turbidimetry Y Turbidimetric titrations

39

Y Applications of turbidimetry and nephelometry Y Electron and Ion Spectroscopy Y General techniques in surface spectroscopy Y Basic principles of

electron spectroscopy Y Photoelectric Effect and photoelectron Spectroscopy (PES) Y Photoelectron spectroscopy and Koopman’s theorem Y X-ray

photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) or Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) Y Principles of XPS or ESCA Y Instrumentation for XPS or

ESCA Y Applications of XPS or ESCA Y Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) Y Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) Y Photoacoustic

Spectroscopy (PAS) or Optoacoustic Spectroscopy (OAS) Y Basic principles of PAS — the photoacoustic effect Y Photoacoustic spectra Y

Instrumentation Y Advantages of PAS over conventional absorption spectroscopy Y Applications of photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) Y Surface

applications of PAS Y Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy Y Nuclear spin and magnetic moment Y Nuclear magnetic resonance —

origin of NMR spectra Y Theory of NMR spectroscopy Y Precession of particles in a field Y Nuclear resonance Y Saturation — Relaxation processes in

NMR Y Flipping - the origin of signal Y Instrumentation Y Technique and principle Y Experimental methods of NMR spectroscopy Y Some important

aspects of NMR spectrum Y Interpretation of NMR spectra Y Type of environmental effects - chemical shift and spin spin splitting Y Chemical shift —

shielding and deshielding of magnetic nuclei Y Measurement of chemical shift and spin spin splitting Y Factors influencing chemical shift Y Spin spin

splitting or spin spin coupling Y NMR spectrum of CH3CHO Y Cause of chemical shift and shielding Y The coupling constant J Y Factors influencing the

coupling constant J Y Rules governing multiple spectra when ∆v/J> 7 Y Chemical shift equivalence and magnetic equivalence Y Classification (ABX,

AMX, ABC, A B2 2 etc.) Y Double resonance — spin spin decoupling and Nuclear Overhauser Effect (NOE) Y Effect of chemical exchange on spectra Y

Deuterium labelling Y Determination of peak areas Y Sample handling Y Complicating factors Y Spectroscopy tricks Y Study of isotopes other than

protons Y Fluorine—19 Y Phosphorus—31 Y Carbon—13 Y Boron—11 Y Limitations of NMR spectroscopy Y Fourier Transform (FT) NMR Y

Advantages of FT NMR Y Applications of NMR spectroscopy Y Use of NMR in medical diagnostics Y Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Y Spectroscopy

(Electron Paramagnetic Resonance) Y Factors affecting the g-value Y Limitations of ESR Y Difference between ESR and NMR Y Instrumentation Y

Electron nucleus coupling or electron nucleus interaction Y Hyperfine interactions-isotropic and anisotropic coupling (splitting) constants Y The spin

hamiltonian Y Quantitative analysis Y Sensitivity Y Choice of solvent Y Applications of ESR Y Study of free radicals Y Electronic structure and hyperfine

splitting—Spin densities and McConnell relationship Y Triplet states — zero field splitting and Kramer’s degeneracy Y Analytical applications of ESR Y

Determination of reaction rates and mechanisms by ESR Y Structural determination by ESR Y Study of inorganic compounds by ESR Y Transition

elements Y Biological systems Y Endor and eldor Y Continuous process analysers Y Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy (CMR) Y Recording of 13C spectra

Y Multiplicity - proton (1H) decoupling-noise decoupling Y Off resonance decoupling Y Selective proton decoupling Y Deuterium substitution Y

Chemical shift equivalence Y Chemical shift Y Chemical shifts for alkenes (ppm from TMS) Y Chemical shifts for substituted alkenes (ppm from TMS) Y

Chemical shifts for saturated heterocyclics (ppm from TMS) Y Chemical shifts for alcohols (ppm from TMS) Y Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance

(NQR) Spectroscopy Y Introduction — quadrupole nuclei and quadrupole moment Y Electric Field Gradient (EFG) and Quadrupole Coupling

constant (QCC) Y Splitting in NQR spectra Y Applications of NQR spectroscopy Y Electron Microscopy and Electron Diffracton Y Principles Y

Instrumentation Y Disadvantages Y Applications Y Electron diffraction, X-ray projection microscopy and X-ray microprobe analysis Y Electron diffraction

Y Electron diffraction of gases and vapours Y Scattering intensity and scattering angle Y The Wierl equation and the measurement techniques Y

Correlation method Y The radial distribution method Y Applications of electron diffraction Y Low energy electron diffraction and structure of surfaces Y

Advantages of electron diffraction method over X-ray method Y X-ray projection microscopy Y X-ray microprobe analyser Y Instruments Y Component

arrangement Y X-ray optics Y Analytical information Y Sample preparation Y Applications Y Neutron Diffraction Y Absorbance of matter in matter —

Scattering of neutrons by solids and liquids Y Diffraction of neutrons Y Neutron diffraction — theoretical Y Neutron diffraction — experimental Y

Applications of neutron diffraction Y Crystal structure Y Proton—neutron interaction Y Study of magnetic materials — Magnetic scattering and elucidation

of structure of magnetically ordered unit cell Y In providing a source of cold neutrons Y Mass Spectrometry Y Introduction (Principle of mass

spectrometry) Y Advantages of mass spectrometry Y Mass spectrometer Y Principle of operation of mass spectrometer Y Reactions inside the mass

spectrometer Y Resolution Y Principle of measurement Y Double focusing Y Sample handling Y Ion sources Y Mass analysers Y Ion separators and time of

flight separators Y Measurement of ion currents Y Ion detectors Y Instrumentation and vacuum system Y The vacuum system Y Mass spectrum Y

Fragmentation Y Rules for predicting prominent peaks in mass spectrum Y Re-arrangements Y Important characteristics of mass spectra of some

compounds Y Alkanes and cycloalkanes Y Alkenes (unsaturated hydrocarbons) Y Aromatic hydrocarbons Y Alcohols Y Aromatic alcohols Y Phenols Y

Aliphatic ethers Y Aryl ethers Y Aliphatic ketones Y Aliphatic aldehydes Y Aromatic ketones Y Aromatic aldehydes Y Aliphatic carboxylic acids Y Aromatic

acids Y Aliphatic amines Y Aromatic monoamines Y Aliphatic nitriles Y Aliphatic nitro compounds Y Aromatic nitro compounds Y Nitrogen rule Y Ring

rule Y Qualitative applications Y Quantitative applications Y Mossbauer Spectroscopy Y Resonance fluorescence and absorption in nuclei Y

Mossbauer effect Y Apparatus for Mossbauer spectroscopy Y Lamb Mossbauer factor Y Mossbauer nuclides Y Formation of Mossbauer nuclides Y

Standard reference absorber Y Applications of Mossbauer spectroscopy Y Iron proteins Y Chromatography Y Separation Y Nature of the separation

process Y Classification of separation methods Y Basic separation methods Y Chromatography Y Definitions Y Classification in chromatography Y

Adsorption and partition chromatography Y Partition of a component between phases Y Exclusion chromatography Y Ion exchange chromatography Y

Cation exchangers Y Anion exchangers Y Common functional groups on ion exchangers Y Solvent Extraction Methods in Analysis Y The

distribution law Y Extraction process Y Liquid liquid extraction Y Extractants Y Factors affecting extraction Y Technique for solvent extraction Y

Completion of analysis Y Quantitative treatment of solvent extraction equilibria Y Classification of solvent extraction systems Y Types of extraction

40

systems Y Types of inorganic extraction systems Y Transition of a substance from an aqueous phase into an organic phase Y Advantages of solvent

extraction Y Applications of liquid extraction Y Solvent extraction methods in metallurgy Y Solid liquid extraction Y Counter Current Extraction

Y Stepwise counter current separation Y Description of Craig’s technique Y Derivation of distribution current Y Applications of Craig’s technique Y

Continuous counter current separation Y General theory of chromatographic processes Y Limitations of plate theory Y Liquid-Liquid

Chromatography Y Pumps Y Columns Y Column preparation for LLC Y Selection of solid support for LLC Y Nature of the surface of the solid support Y

Selection of liquid liquid systems Y Performance of LLC systems Y Gradient elution Y Detectors Y Various forms of liquid chromatography — Liquid Solid

chromatography (LSC) Y Liquid Liquid Chromatography (LLC) Y Combined LSC and LLC Y Molecular sieves and gel permeation chromatography Y

Exclusion chromatography (Gel chromatography) Y Affinity chromatography Y Ion exchange chromatography Y Recycling chromatography Y Ion pair

chromatography (IPC) Y Noncolumn liquid chromatographic techniques — Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) Y Paper chromatography Y General

concepts Y Fundamental concepts Y Chromatographic development Y Some applications of LLC Y Adsorption (Column) Chromatography Y

General procedure of adsorption column chromatography Y Adsorbent Y Solvent (Eluting agent, Mobile phase) Y Column Y The theory of development

Y Factors affecting column efficiency Y Applications of column chromatography Y Separation of methylene blue and fluorescein by column

chromatography Y Partition Chromatography Y Advantage and limitations of adsorption Y Advantages and limitations of partition Y Stationary

phase Y Impregnating the support Y Mobile phase (eluting agent) Y Procedure Y Detection of column effluent Y Theory of partition chromatography Y

Method of detection and analysis of components Y Applications Y Ion Exchange Chromatography Y Ion exchange resins Y Cation exchange resins Y

Anion exchange resins Y Batch operation with an ion exchange resin Y Column operation with an ion exchange resin Y New ion exchangers Y Types of

ionisable groups Y Ion chromatography Y Properties of ion exchange resins Y Basic requirements of useful resin Y Ion exchange equilibrium Y Basis for

separations Y Separation of organic mixtures Y Applications of ion exchange resins Y Ion exchange chromatography Y Techniques of ion exchange

chromatography Y Separation factor Y Factors affecting separation factor Y Packing of the column Y Analysis of the elute Y Radioisotopes in ion exchange

chromatography Y Applications of ion exchange chromatography Y Gel Permeation or Gel Chromatography Y Techniques in gel chromatography

Y Column Y Gel preparation Y Packing of the column Y Application of the sample Y Theory of gel chromatography Y Applications of gel

chromatography Y Salting out chromatography Y Ion Pair Chromatography Y Principle for ion pair extraction Y Classification of ion pair liquid

chromatography Y Retention Y Selectivity Y Bonded phase chromatography (BPC) Y Choice of mode of separation Y Applications of ion pair

chromatography Y Gas Chromatography Y Technique of gas liquid chromatography Y Apparatus for gas liquid chromatography Y Carrier gas Y The

injection port Y Columns Y The solid inert support Y The stationary liquid phase Y Column thermostating Y Detectors Y Thermal conductivity detectors Y

Flame ionisation detectors Y Flame photometric detectors Y Electron capture detector Y Dual detection Y Separation procedure Y Theory and principle of

gas liquid chromatography Y Factors affecting separation Y Temperature programming Y Applications of gas liquid chromatography Y Gas liquid

chromatography with selective detectors Y Miscellaneous applications Y Separation of amino acids by gas chromatography Y To determine the effect of

some parameters on the separation of a hydrocarbon mixture Y Gas chromatography as a member of a team Y Paper Chromatography Y Sheet

methods Y Paper chromatography Y General procedure of paper chromatography Y Types of paper chromatography Y Principle of paper

chromatography Y Techniques of paper chromatography Y Types of paper Y Modification of the paper Y Preparation of paper Y Preparation of sample

Y Choice of solvents Y Theory Y Location of spots and measurement of RF value Y Sample application Y Apparatus Y Circular paper chromatography Y

Precautions in paper chromatography Y Quantitative estimations Y Applications of paper chromatography Y Separation of amino acids by paper

chromatography Y Thin Layer Chromatography Y Features and applicability of TLC Y Outlines of general procedures of TLC Y Advantages of TLC Y

Limitations of TLC Y Essential requirements for TLC Y TLC is superior to paper and column chromatography Y Basic operations involved in TLC Y

Methods for the production of thin layers on plates Y Application of sample on the chromoplates Y Choice of adsorbent Y Choice of solvents Y Detecting

reagents Y Developing chamber Y Development and detection Y Adsorption TLC Y Ion exchange TLC Y Partition TLC Y Reversed phased partition TLC

Y TLC on polyamides Y TLC on dextran gels Y Thin layer ionophoresis and thin layer electrophoresis Y Applications of thin layer chromatography Y

Separation of vitamins by TLC Y Quantitative TLC Y Preparative TLC Y Reversed phase chromatography Y Electrophoresis and

Electrochromatography Y Types of electrophoretic methods Y Free solution electrophoresis Y The Tiselius method Y Moving boundary electrophoresis Y

Density gradient electrophoresis Y Zone electrophoresis or electrochromatography Y Types of supporting or stabilizing medium Y Paper

electrophoresis Y Paper used Y Electrodes Y Source of current Y Location of components Y Requirements of electrophoretic chambers Y Problems in

electrophoresis Y Applications of electrochromatography Y Separation of serum proteins by paper electrophoresis Y Separation of inorganic substances Y

Immunoelectrophoresis Y Preparative electrophoresis Y Electrophoresis on cellulose acetate Y Electrophoresis in gels Y Electrophoresis in powders

Y High Pressure (or Performance) Liquid Chromatography Y High performance liquid chromatography Y Modes of chromatography

Y Principle and apparatus for HPLC Y Solvent delivery system Y Pumps Y Sample injection system Y The column Y Column packing

materials Y Column packing Y Choice of supporting materials for a separation Y TLC and HPLC Y Detectors Y Characteristics of detector

Y Some detectors used in HPLC Method Y Identification of solute peaks Y Quantitative HPLC Y Accuracy and precision of HPLC Y Materials Y

Advantages of HPLC Y Effect of temperature in HPLC Y Derivatisation in HPLC Y Trace analysis in HPLC Y Preparative HPLC Y Important

applications of HPLC—Inorganic chemistry Y Forensic chemistry Y Natural and synthetic pharmaceutical drugs Y Steroids Y Lipids Y

Alkaloids Y Amino acids and proteins Y Carbohydrates Y Nucleic acids Y Preservatives and antioxidants Y Vitamins Coal and oil products

41

Y Environmental pollutants Y Pesticides Y Carcinogens Y Radio Chromatography Y Miscellaneous Methods Y Conductometric

Titrations Y Specific resistance Y Equivalent conductance Y Molecular conductance Y Effect of dilution on conductance Y Effect of

temperature and pressure on conductance Y Effect of purity of solvent on conductance Y Alternating current conduction Y Direct current

methods Y Measurement of conductance Y New method of conductance measurement Y Applications of conductance measurement Y Conductometric

titration apparatus Y Magnetic induction method Y Automatic titration Y Applications for direct conductance measurement Y High Frequency

Methods Y Instrumentation Y Principle and theory of high frequency methods Y Applications Y Advantages Y Disadvantages Y pH and

its Determination Y Cell and battery Y Galvanic cell Y Daniell cell Y Electrochemical cel ls Y Reversible and irreversible cel ls Y

Reversible electrodes Y EMF and its measurement Y Standard cell Y Cell reaction and EMF Y Standard electrode potentials Y Single

electrode potentials Y Mechanism of electrode potential - Nernst theory of solution pressure Y Nernst expression for electrode potential

or the difference of potential at a junction metal / salt solution Y Reference electrodes Y Primary reference electrode-standard hydrogen electrode Y

Secondary reference electrodes Y Self ionisation Y Ionic product of water Y pH value Y pH and health Y Common ion effect Y Buffer solutions Y

Properties of buffer solutions Y Buffers in the body Y Methods or determining the pH Y Colourimetric determination of pH Y Universal indicators Y

Comparison with indicators in buffers Y Potentiometric determination of pH Y Advantages of hydrogen electrode Y Disadvantages of hydrogen electrode

Y Uses Y Other pH indicating electrodes Y Advantages of quinhydrone electrode Y Disadvantages of quinhydrone electrode Y Uses Y Factors affecting pH

measurements with the glass electrode Y Advantages of glass electrode Y Disadvantages of glass electrode Y Advantages of antimony electrode Y

Disadvantages of antimony electrode Y pH meters Y Determination of pKa and formula weight of an acid by pH meter Y Potentiometric

Titractions Y Electrode systems Y Noble metal electrodes Y Insoluble metal salt / metal electrodes Y Ion selective electrodes Y Non half

cell ion selective electrodes Y Glass membrane electrode Y Liquid membrane electrodes Y Double membrane electrodes Y Solid state

membrane electrodes Y Precipitate membrane electrodes Y Applications of ion selective electrodes Y Advantages of potentiometric

titrations over ordinary indicator methods Y Applications of potentiometric titrations Y Acid—alkali or neutralisation titrations Y Methods

of end point location Y Oxidation reduction titrations Y Precipitation titrations Y Complexometric titrations Y Potentiometric titration of

phosphoric acid with sodium hydroxide Y Special applications Y Measurement with fluoride electrode Y Apparatus Y Voltammetry and

Polarography Y Voltammetry Y Polarography — principle and introduction Y Apparatus Y Working Y Instruments Y Brief description of

polarographic measurements Y Current voltage relationship Y Polarograms Y Interpretation of polarographic waves Y Equation for the polarographic

wave Y Half wave potential Y Reversible wave Y Irreversible waves Y Explanation of polarographic waves Y Different kinds of currents contributing to

the polarographic wave Y The charging or residual current Y The migration current Y The diffusion current Y Departure from diffusion limited currents

Y The kinetic and catalytic currents Y Polarographic cells Y The dropping mercury electrode Y Advantages of DME Y Limitations of DME Y The

capillary and its care Y Purification of mercury Y Removal of oxygen Y Agar salt bridge Y Saturated calomel electrodes Y Conditions for performing

polarographic determinations Y Reactions in polarography Y Advantages of polarography Y Applications of polarography Y Quantitative analysis Y

Pilot ion procedure Y Qualitative analysis Y Inorganic polarographic analysis Y Organic polarographic analysis Y Stationary electrode (slow linear

scan) polarography Y Oscillographic (rapid scan) rapid DME polarography Y Cathode ray (rapid linear scan) polarography Y Anodic stripping (inverse

polarography Y Alternating current polarography Y Tensammetry Y Chronopotentiometry Y Instrumentation and procedure Y Applications Y

Amperometric Titrations Y Principle of amperometric titrations Y Titrations with two indicator electrodes Y Instrumentation Y Cell used Y Volume

correction Y Electrical circuit Y Indicator electrodes Y Reference electrodes Y Titration procedure Y Amperometric and potentiometric titrations Y

Advantages of amperometric titrations Y Disadvantages of amperometric titrations Y Applications of amperometric titrations Y Electro Gravimetric

Analysis Y Polarisation Y Causes of polarisation Y Explanation of polarisation Y Demonstration of polarisation Y Remedy of polarisation Y The EMF

of polarisation Y Decomposition voltage or decomposition potential Y Measurement of decomposition potential Y Importance and significance of

decomposition Y Overvoltage or overpotential Y Hydrogen evolution reactions Y Tafel equation Y Factors affecting hydrogen overpotential Y Nature

of hydrogen overpotential on different metals Y Measurement of overvoltage Y Electrochemical overpotential Y Oxygen evolution reactions Y The

possible mechanism of anodic oxygen evolution reaction Y Importance of overvoltage Y Electrochemical reduction and oxidation Y Polarisation and

properties of reacting substances Y Electrode materials — Requirements for electrode materials Y Cathode materials Y Anode materials Y Polarisable

and non-polarisable electrodes Y The effect of electrode material and the electrode potential Y Effect of solution composition Y Theory of

electrochemical oxidation and reduction Y Possible paths for electro reduction reaction Y Other paths for electrolytic oxidation and reduction

Y Principles involved in electrogravimetric analysis Y Current - voltage relationship during electrolysis Y Effects of experimental variables Y Anodic

deposits Y Instrumentation Y Electrolysis at constant current — Principle Y Apparatus Y Determination of copper by constant current electrolysis Y

Determination of cobalt by constant current electrolysis Y Electrolysis at controlled cathode — Principle Y Apparatus Y Determination of copper, lead, and

tin in brasses and bronzes by controlled potential electrolysis Y Electrolysis using a mercury cathode — Principle Y Apparatus Y Operation steps of

assembled Dyna-Cath Y Applications Y Spontaneous or internal electrolysis — Principle Y Apparatus Y Applications of internal electrolysis method Y

Electrolysis at the anode Y Methods for the analysis of elements Y Manganese Y Iron Y Cobalt Y Nickel Y Silver Y Gold Y Zinc Y Cadmium Y Mercury Y

Lead Y Tin Y Bismuth Y Nickel in presence of zinc Y Copper, nickel and zinc Y Silver in presence of lead and bismuth Y Cadmium and zinc Y

Coulometric Analysis Y Current measuring device: Coulometer Y Hydrogen-oxygen coulometer Y Precautions with oxygen hydrogen coulometer

42

Y Silver coulometer Y Iodine coulometer Y Variation in coulometric technique Y General characteristics of coulometric methods Y Constant current

coulometry or coulometric titrations Y Internal generation of the titrant Y Detection of end point in constant current coulometry Y External generation of

reagents Y Mode of generation Y Choice of experimental conditions Y Applications of coulometric titrations Y Controlled potential coulometric analysis Y

Current efficiency and procedure design Y Selection of experimental conditions in controlled potential coulometry or potentiostatic coulometry Y Some

other applications Y Some non-analytical applications of controlled potential coulometry Y Other coulometric methods Y Determination of films and

coatings Y Stripping coulometry Y Voltage scanning coulometry Y Coulometric internal electrolysis Y Coulometry in conjugation with other

measurements Y Advantages of coulometry Y Polarimetry and Spectropolarimetry Y Polarisation of light Y Plane of vibration Y Plane of polarisation

Y Optical activity Y Specific rotation Y Factors affecting angle of rotation Y Measurement of rotatory power Y Optical rotatory dispersion (ORD) and

circular dichroism(CD): Cotton effect Y ORD and CD curves Y Instrumentation Y Applications of ORD Y Applications of CD Y Theories of optical activity

Y Applications of polarimetry Y Optical activity and chemical constitution Y Representation of optical isomers Y Deciding between two structures for a

molecule Y To distinguish between a pair of enantiomorphs Y Saccharimetry Y Difference between saccharimeter and polarimeter Y Saccharimeters Y

Standard method for sucrose with HC1 Y Kinetic polarimetry Y Thermometric or Thermoanalytical Methods Y Thermogravimetric analysis Y

Types of thermogravimetric analysis Y Principle and method Y Automatic thermogravimetric analysis Y Instrumentation Y Types of recording

thermobalances Y Sample holders Y Factors affecting results Y Derivative thermogravimetric analysis Y Applications Y Some special applications Y

Differential thermal analysis Y Principle of working Y Theory Y Simultaneous DTA—TGA curves Y Instrumentation Y Factors affecting results Y

Applications Y Thermometric titrations Y Apparatus Y Applications Y Acid-base titrations Y Precipitation titrations Y Complexation reactions Y Oxidation

reduction titrations Y Non-aqueous titrations Y Appendix.

Y Environment Y Concept of environmental chemistry Y Our planet - Earth Y Environment Y Environment keeps changing Y Man interferes with the

environment Y Composition or structure of atmosphere Y Troposphere Y Stratosphere Y Mesosphere Y lono-sphere or thermosphere Y Exosphere Y

Vertical temperature and vertical structure of the atmosphere Y Heat budget of earth atmospheric system Y Air as an ecological factor Y Reactions of

atmospheric oxygen Y Reactions in tropo-sphere and stratosphere Y General reactions Y Photochemical reactions Y Free radical reactions Y Segments of

environment Y Atmosphere Y Hydro-sphere Y Solubility of gases in water Y Hydrological (water) cycle Y Chemical composition of water bodies Y

Characteristics of fresh water Y Fresh water environment Y Lakes Y Difference between oligotrophic lakes and eutrophic lakes Y Ponds Y Streams Y

Springs Y Wetlands Y Oceans Y Seas and oceans Y Lithosphere Y The soil Y Rocks Y Composition of soil Y Soil texture Y Biosphere Y Environment

pollution Y What is pollution Y Pollutant Y Diseases caused by environmental factors Y Classification of pollutants Y Biodegradable pollutants Y

Non—biodegradable pollutants Y Types of pollution Y Thermodynamics, petroleum and pollution Y Biogeochemical Cycles in Environment Y

Biogeochemical cycles Y Sulphur cycle Y Phosphorus cycle Y Carbon hydrogen cycle Y Oxygen cycle Y Nitrogen cycle Y Biological control of chemical

factors in the environment Y Production and decomposition in nature Y Biodistribution of elements Y Air Pollution Y Composition of air Y Sinks of

atmospheric gases Y Chemical reactions occurring in air due to sun light Y Chemical composition of atmosphere - particles, ions and radicals and their

formation Y Reactions in troposphere Y Reactions of air in stratosphere Y Reactions of air in mesosphere and ionosphere Y Smog formation in air Y

Sources of air pollution Y Major sources of air pollution Y Population Y Units of measurement of air pollutants Y Air quality Y Air pollution - a cause of

concern Y Indoor air pollution Y Volatile organic compounds in indoor atmosphere Y Occupational pollution Y Occupational, indoor and outdoor

pollution and health Y Air pollution episodes Y Bhopal gas tregedy Y Seveso episode Y Chernobyl nuclear disaster Y Classification and Effect of Air

Pollutants Y Gaseous pollutants Y Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) as pollutants Y Reactions of NOx in the atmosphere Y Sources of NOx pollution Y Effects of

nitrogen oxides (NOx) Y NOx and acid rain Y Effect of NOx on the stratospheric atmosphere Y Control of NOx pollution Y Oxides of sulphur as pollutants

Y Reactions of SO2 in the atmosphere Y Effects of sulphur dioxide Y Hydrogen sulphide Y Effects of hydrogen sulphide (H S2 ) and organic sulphides Y

Control of SOx pollution Y Control of anthropogenic nitrogen and sulphur emissions Y Oxides of carbon as pollutants Y Sources of carbon monoxide

pollution Y Sinks of carbon monoxide Y Distribution and concentration of carbon monoxide Y Effects of carbon monoxide Y Carbon monoxide

poisoning remedies Y Carbon dioxide (CO2) Y Hydrocarbons as pollutants Y Reactions of hydrocarbons Y Effects of hydrocarbons Y Control of

hydrocarbons Y Particulate pollutants Y Flyash Y Physical methods involved in particulate formation Y Formation of inorganic particulate matter Y

Formation of organic particulate matter (OPM) Y Effect of particulate pollutants Y Control of particulate emissions Y Ozone as pollutant Y WHO standards

2006 Y Vehicular Pollution Y Automobile emissions Y Diesel pollution and health Y Dispersion of pollutants Y Two wheelers Y Prevention and control

of vehicular polluition Y Alternative fuels Y Biofuels Y Ethanol Y Benefits of blending petrol with ethanol Y Petrol vs. bioethanol Y Ethanol-Diesel blend

not a good option Y Biodiesel Y Diesel vs. CNG Y ULSD and particulate traps Y Emission control devices for diesel vehicles Y Ecofrieridly cars Y Helium

based cars Y Electric cars Y Fuel cell cars Y Hybrid cars Y Hydrogen powered cars Y Suspended particulate matter (SPM) pollution Y Nano particles Y

Lead pollution Y Benzene pollution Y Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) Y Methyl cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MCMT) Y Vehicular hazards

43

–B.K. Sharma271–15 Environmental Chemistry

Y Greenhouse Effect And Global Warming Y Greenhouse effect Y How the greenhouse effect is produced Y Greenhouse gases Y Radiative forcing Y

Major sources of greenhouse gases Y Climate change Y Greenhouse effect and climate change Y Cause of fluctuations occurring in global temperature Y

Global warming - some facts Y Consequences of global warming Y Fossil fuels and global warming Y Global warming and domino effect Y Global

warming and ocean temperatures Y Soot and global warming Y Global warming and Walker circulation Y Forests and global warming Y Forest fires and

global warming Y Water cycle and global warming Y Carbon cycle and global warming Y Acid rain and global warming Y Glaciers and global warming Y

Glaciers at a glance Y Control and remedial measures of greenhouse effect Y Technologies to arrest global warming Y Latest about global warming Y

Aerosols Y Classification and size of aerosols Y Aerosols and cloud formation Y Adverse effects of aerosols Y Cloud seeding - warm and cold rains

Aerosols and Indian monsoon Y El Nino And La Nina Phenomena Y El Nino Y Drought and El Nino Y El Nino and Indian monsoon Y El Nino and

disease Y El Nino and degraded land Y El nino forcast Y El Nino and sea surface temperature (SST) Y El Nino and forest fires Y El Nino and global

warming Y Volcanic eruptions, El Nino and global warming Y La Nina Y La Nina and productivity Y Industrial Pollution Y Principal causes of industrial

pollution in India Y Environmental problems of some industries Y Caustic-chlorine industry Y Mercury alternatives Y Thermal power plants Y Clean

technologies for coal fired thermal power plants Y Energy efficiency measures Y Why FBC processes are ecofriendly ? Y Ashless coal Y Magneto

hydro-dynamics Y Reducing CO2 emissions from power plants Y Water control of thermal power plants Y Utilisation of flyash Y Nuclear power reactors Y

Nuclear power Y Portable nuclear fusion device Y Nuclear power in India Y Fertilizer and chemical industries Y Tannery industry Y Removal of chromium

from tannery waste Y Electricity from tannery waste Y Agro based industries Y Biomass gasification Y Pulp and paper industry Y Distillery industry Y

Plastic industry Y Why recycle plastic ? Y Plastic recycling techniques Y Mining and metallurgy industry Y Cement industry Y Dyeing industry Y Detergent

industry Y Biodegradability of detergents Y Ecofriendly detergents containing enzymes Y Enzymes and detergent industry Y Ecofriendly detergents -

zeolites Y Ecofriendly detergent Y Sponge iron industry Y Iron ore Y Checking air pollution by sponge iron industry Y Blast furnace slag Y Environmental

responsibilities of industries Y Reasons of industrial pollution and some preventive measures Y Ozone Layer - The Earth’s Protective Umbrella

Stratosphere Y Creation of ozone layer Y Formation of ozone Y Mechanism of ozone depletion Y Null and holding cycles Y Antarctic and Arctic ozone hole

formation Y Hydrogen and ozone layer Y All about ozone layer Y Effects of ozone depletion Y Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Y General mechanism of

ozone depletion by CFCs Y Search for alternative technology and substitute chemicals Y Methyl bromide (MB) also depletes ozone layer Y Methyl iodide

Y Halon bank Y Safe disposal of CFCs Y Smog Y Smog formation Y Formation of hydroxyl radical Y Oxidation of hydrocarbons Y Volatile organic

compounds and their oxidation Y Effects of photochemical oxidants on humans Y Effects of photochemical oxidants on plants Y Effects of photochemical

oxidants on materials Y Control of photochemical pollutants Y Acid Rain Y Where does the acid rain come from Y Composition of rain Y How acid rain

is formed Y Formation of nitric acid in atmosphere Y Formation of sulphuric acid in atmosphere Y Role of winds in acid rain Y Sources and sinks Y Rain,

fog and snow Y Adverse effects of acid rain Y Effect of acid rain on aquatic biota Y Effect of acid rain on terrestrial ecosystem Y Effect of acid rain on lake

ecosystem Y Effect of acid rain on buildings Y Effect of acid rain on human beings Y Analytical Methods For Monitoring Air Pollutants Y

Principles of monitoring methods-continuous monitoring instruments Y Principles of environmental monitoring Y Analytical methods for monitoring air

pollutants Y Monitoring of sulphur dioxide Y Monitoring of sulphuratted hydrogen Y Monitoring of NO —NOx Y Monitoring of carbon monoxide Y

Monitoring of hydrocarbons (HC) and ozone Y Monitoring of suspended particulate matter (SPM) Y Monitoring of trace metals in air and water Y

Prevention And Control of Air Pollution Y Control of air pollution by fuel selection and utilisation Y Control of air pollution by process modification

or equipment Y Control of air pollution by site selection and zoning Y General methods of air pollution control Y Zoning Y Air pollution control at source Y

Controlling air pollution by devices Y Air pollution control by stacks Y Air pollution control by planting trees and growing vegetation Y Water Pollution Y

Characteristics of Water Y Uses of water Y Water for industry Y Sources of water Y Quality of natural waters Y Chemistry of water Y Water in human

body Y Effects of water on rocks and minerals Y Organic matter in water Y Humic material in water Y Colloidal material in water Y Environmental

phosphorus chemistry Y Water Pollution Y Water Pollutants Y Types of water pollution Y Physical pollution of water Y Chemical pollution of water Y

Biological pollution of water Y Physiological pollution of water Y Types of Water Pollution Y Ground water pollution Y Protecting ground water from

pollution Y Surface water pollution Y Lake water pollution Y How excess nutrients can kill a lake Y Pollution of lakes Y River water pollution Y Water

pollution in major rivers of India and world Y How rivers are killed Y Water deterioration at world level Y Sea water pollution Y Marine pollution Y Oil

pollution of water Y Sources of oil pollutants in sea water Y Marine pollution episodes Y Effect of oil pollution in marine water Y Counter measures against

oil spills Y Sources of Water Pollution Y Sewage and domestic wastes Y Industrial effluents Y Agricultural discharges Y Fertilizers Y Detergents Y Toxic

metals Y Siltation Y Thermal pollutants Y Radioactive materials in water Y Classification of Water Pollutants Y Inorganic pollutants and toxic metals

Y Detrimental effects of inorganic pollutants Y Toxic metals Y Detrimental effects of trace metals Y Organic pollutants Y Detrimental effects of organic

pollutants Y Sediments Y Detrimental effects of sediments Y Synthetic detergents Y Detrimental effects of detergents Y Oxygen demanding wastes Y

Disease causing agents Y Detrimental effects of pathogens Y Index organisms of water contamination Y Radioactive pollutants Y Detrimental effects of

radioactive pollutants in water Y Plant nutrients Y Eutrophication Y Thermal pollutants in water Y Detrimental effects of thermal pollutants Y Biological

pollutants Y Detrimental effects of primary pollutants Y Detrimental effects of corollary pollutants Y Pesticides pollution Y Sources of pesticidal pollutants

in water Y Persistent pesticides Y Biological magnification Y Biodegradation of pesticides Y Mode of poisoning of pesticides Y The degradation and

mobility of pesticides Y Gaseous pollutants Y Farm wastes Y Fertilizers Y Suspended matters Y Auto exhaust as water pollutant Y Water Management Y

Use and conservation of water resources Y Water quality management Y Rainwater harvesting Y Water from rocks Y Recharging aquifers with treated

44

waste water Y Water management in agriculture-rainfed system Y Irrigated systems Y Sea water for agriculture Y Water management in industries Y

Remedial measures of water pollution by authorities Y Penalties Y Industrial Wastes And Treatment Processes Y The problem of sustenance and

the chemical industry Y Characteristics of industrial wastes Y Types of industrial wastes Y Solid industrial wastes Y Principles of industrial waste treatment

Y Protection of biosphere Y Basic trends in biosphere protection for industrial wastes Y Protection of surface waters from pollution with industrial sewage

Y Treatment and disposal of industrial wastes Y Treatment of wastes or effluents with organic impurities Y Treatment of wastes or effluents with inorganic

impurities Y Effluents of industrial units and their purification Y Treatment of some industrial effluents Y Sanitary-chemical analysis of industrial effluents

or sewage Y The nature and treatment of some other important chemical wastes Y Purification of Water Y Potability of water Y Removal of coarse,

dispersed and colloidal impurities from water: clarification of water Y Coagulation of water Y Contact and electrochernical coagulation Y Flocculants Y

Sterilisation and disinfection of water Y Chemical methods of sterilisation Y Physical methods of sterilisation Y Softening of water Y Clark’s process Y Lime

soda process Y Modified lime soda process Y Permutit or zeolite process Y Ion exchange process Y Demineralization of water Y Determination of

hardness Y Industrial water treatment Y Removal of slime and algae from water Y Removal of smack and odour from water (deodouration) Y Deaeration

and deoxygenation of water Y Chemical deoxygenation of water Y Removal of gas from water Y Sea water as a source of drinking water-desalting Y

Electrodialysis method Y Reverse osmosis method Y Removal of iron and manganese from water Y Removal of silicic acid from water Y Fluoridation and

defluoridation of water Y Magnetic treatment of water Y Purification of water from radioactive substances Y Sewage And Sewage Treatment Y

Municipal waste waters Y Sewage and its composition Y Bacteriology of sewage and sewage treatment Y Stabilization Y Properties of sewage Y Purpose

of sewage treatment Y Methods of sewage treatment Y Removal of phosphorus and nitrogen from waste water Y Filtration of sewage Y Types of aerobic

oxidation plants Y Anaerobic biological oxidation plants Y Miscellaneous methods of sewage treatment Y Cycle of decomposition Y Self cleaning velocity

Y System of sewerage Y Analysis of sewage Y Sludge disposal Y Methods of sludge disposal Y Sewage disposal Y Sewage sickness Y Self purification of

natural waters Y Methods of sewage disposal Y Prevention and Control of Water Pollution Y Prevention of water pollution Y Control of water

pollution Y How to make best use of water Y Analysis of Water Pollutants Y Analysis of water pollutants Y Chemical and physical examination of

water Y Taking the sample Y Preservation and preconcentration methods Y Measurement of water quality by chemical and physical examination of water

Y Chemical substances affecting potability Y Colour Y Turbidity Y Odour Y Taste Y Temperature Y Hydrogen ion concentration Y Electrical conductivity

Y Solids Y Suspended solids Y Dissolved solids Y Acidity Y Total acidity Y Alkalinity Y Free carbon dioxide Y Free chlorine Y Chlorine demand Y Calcium

Y Magnesium Y Iron Y Manganese Y Silver Y Zinc Y Chemical substances affecting health Y Ammonia Y Nitrate and nitrite Y Cyanide Y Sulphate Y

Sulphide Y Chloride Y Fluoride Y Fluoridation Y Measurement of toxic chemical substances Y Arsenic Y Beryllium Y Cadmium Y Cromium Y Copper Y

Iron Y Lead Y Manganese Y Selenium Y Mercury Y International standards for drinking water (Prescribed by WHO) Y Chemical substances indicative of

pollution Y Dissolved oxygen Y Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) Y Chemical oxygen demand (COD) Y Bacteriological examination of water Y

Bacteriological test Y E.coli index Y Culture medium for Escherichia coliform Y Culture media for total bacteria Y Most probable number method Y

Biological examination of water Y Physical examination of water sample Y Radioactivity of water Y Methods of removing radioactivity from water Y

Evaporation methods Y Measurement of beta radioactivity Y Separation technique Y Sequential technique Y Procedure for sample analysis Y Soil

Pollution Y Introduction To Soil Chemistry Y Importance of soil Y What is soil Y Life on soil Y Composition of soil Y Mineral matter in the soil Y

Organic matter in soil Y Soil water Y Soil air Y Soil respiration Y Surface soil and sub-soil Y Process of soil formation Y Factors affecting soil formation Y

Soil micro-organisms Y Soil profile Y Types of soils Y Soil pH Y Soil acidity Y Macro and micro plant nutrients Y Nutrient functions Y Main functions of

micro nutrients Y Soil Pollution Y Soil pollution by industrial wastes Y Soil pollution by urban wastes Y Soil pollution by radioactive pollutants Y Soil

pollution by agricultural practices Y Soil pollution by chemical and metallic pollutants Y Soil pollution by biological agents Y Soil pollution by mining Y

Soil pollution by resistant objects Y Soil pollution by soil sediments Y Detrimental effects of soil pollutants Y Effects of industrial pollutants Y Effects of

sewage and domestic wastes Y Effects of heavy metals Y Effects of radioactive pollutants Y Effects of modern agro-technology Y Diseases caused by soil

pollution Y Impact of soil pollution on air quality Y Control of Soil Pollution Y Control of sewage, domestic and industrial wastes Y Ecofarming and

ecotechnology Y Biotechnology Y Integrated nutrient management (INM) Y Genetic resource management Y Land use systems Y Water management Y

Integrated pest management (IPM) Y Environment Friendly Technologies Y Eco-technology Y Ecological farming system Y Organic farming Y

Advantages of organic farming Y Biotechnology Y Integrated plant nutrient management (IPNM) Y Integrated pest management-the ecofriendly

approach Y Soil solarisation Y Watershed management Y Water management Y Radioactive Pollution Y Radiation Chemistry Y Radioactive

substances Y Classification of radioactive isotopes Y State of radioactive isotopes in solution Y State of radioactive isotopes in a gaseous medium Y State

of radioactive isotopes in solids Y Radiation Y Units of radiation Y Radiation doses Y Analysis of radionuclides Y Fate of radioisotopes in the environment

Y Radioactive Pollution Y Sources of radioactive pollution Y Natural sources of radiation Y Solar rays Y Environmental radiation Y Radionuclides in

earth’s crust Y Internal radiation Y Anthropogenic sources of radiation Y Medical X-rays Y Radioisotopes Y Nuclear tests Y Radioactive fallout Y Nuclear

reactors Y Radiations from nuclear power plants Y Nuclear installations Y Radioactive ore processing Y Industrial, medical and research use of radioactive

materials Y Radiation pollution from electric fields Y Miscellaneous sources of radioactive pollution Y Some nuclear accidents (Three miles island and

Chernobyl) Y Effects of Radioactive Pollution Y The risks and benefits of radiation YHarmful effects of radiation Y Biological magnification Y

Classification and effects of radiation Y Effects of ionising radiation on man Y Effects of non-ionising radiations Y Effects of microwave radiation Y Effects

of radiofrequency radiations Y Effects of fallout radiation Y Biological effects of radiation Y General adverse effects of radioactive pollution Y Effects of

45

X-rays Y Effects of plutonium as a carcinogen Y Radiation effects on plants Y Effects of nuclear radiations on polymers Y Dangers from nuclear power

plants Y Dangers from nuclear reactors Y Protection and Control From Radiation Y Radiation safety standards when working with radioactive

isotopes Y Means for individual protection Y Decontamination Y Preventive measures from radiation Y Control from radiation Y Control of occupational

radiation exposure Y Minimising X-ray hazards Y Patient protection from radiation Y Protection from teletherapy Y Disposal of Radioactive Waste Y

Types of radioactive wastes Y Disposal methods of radioactive wastes Y Reprocessing of spent uranium fuel and its disposal YMethods to dispose critically

dangerous radiowastes Y Converting radiowaste into solid form Y Other recent disposal methods Y Radioactive waste detector Y Environmental

Toxicology Y Health and environment Y Children and environment Y Environmental toxicology Y Threshold limiting value. (TLV) Y Non metallic

compounds Y Technologies available for defluoridation Y Asbestos Y Organic compounds Y Endocrine disrupturs Y Persistent organic pollutants (POPs)

Y Dioxins Y Pesticides Y Phthalates Y Heavy metals Y Arsenic Y Methods of removing arsenic from water Y Mercury Y Mercury poisoning episodes.

(Minamata disease) Y Removal of chromium from Tannery waste Y Neem leaf powder Y Cadmium Y New role for cadmium Y Thallium Y Selenium and

tellurium Y Manganese Y Cobalt and nickel Y Vanadium Y Uranium Y Beryllium Y Osmium and platinum Y Lead Y Health impacts of lead Y Lead

batteries Y Antimony Y Bismuth Y Zinc Y Environmental toxins, genes and mutations Y Heavy Metals In The Environment Y Trace metals, light metals

and heavy metals Y Deadly heavy metals Y Sources of heavy metals Y Heavy metals - poisons in every bite Y Metals in water Y Trace metals in soil Y

Mercury (Minamata episode) Y Copper Y Chromium Y Vanadium Y Zinc Y Manganese Y Selenium Y Cadmium (Itai Itai disease or Brittle bones disease)

Y Cobalt Y Arsenic Y Lead Y Nickel Y Trace metal poisoning Y Rare earth metals from sea water Y Metal ions in biological systems Y Waste

Management Y Waste management in India Y Municipal solid waste management and environment Y Waste management - the technolocical approach

Y Landfilling Y Incineration Y Dioxins Y Disposal of medical waste Y Emmunisation waste Y E!ectronic waste Y Paper waste-recycling or incineration Y

New method of paper recycling Y Waste water and its treatment (recycling of sewage) Y Reed bed system Y Wealth from industrial wastes Y

Environmental Laws Y The environment Act — Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 Y Chapter I — (Preliminary) Y Chapter II — General powers of the

central government Y Chapter III — Prevention, control and abatement of environmental pollution Y Chapter IV — Miscellaneous Y Hazardous wastes

(Management and handling) rules, 1989 Y The hazardous micro-organisms rules.

Y Air Pol lu tion Y Composition of air Y Sinks of atmospheric gases Y Chemical reactions occurring in air due to sun light Y Chemical composition of

atmosphere-particles, ions and radicals and their formation Y Reactions in troposphere Y Reactions of air in stratosphere Y Reactions of air in mesosphere

and ionosphere Y Smog formation in air Y Sources of air pollution Y Major sources of air pollution Y Population Y Units of measurement of air pollutants Y

Air quality Y Air pollution — a cause of concern Y Indoor air pollution Y Volatile organic compounds in indoor atmosphere Y Occupational pollution Y

Occupational, indoor and outdoor pollution and health Y Air pollution episodes Y Bhopal gas tregedy Y Serves or episode Y Chernobyl nuclear dIsaster Y

Clas si fi ca tion and Ef fects of Air Pol lut ants Y Gaseous pollutants Y Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) as pollutants Y Reactions of NOx in the atmosphere Y

Sources of NOx pollution Y Effects of nitrogen oxides (NOx) Y NOx and acid rain Y Effect of NOx on the stratospheric atmosphere Y Control of NOx

pollution Y Oxides of sulphur as pollutants Y Reactions of SO2 in the atmosphere Y Effects of sulphur dioxide Y Hydrogen suiphide Y Effects of hydrogen

suiphide ( )CH S2 and organic suiphides Y Control of SOx pollution Y Control of anthropogenic nitrogen and sulphur emissions Y Oxides of carbon as

pollutants Y Sources of carbon monoxide pollution Y Sinks of carbon monoxide Y Distribution and concentration of carbon monoxide Y Effects of carbon

monoxide Y Carbon monoxide poisoning remedies Y Carbon dioxide (CO2) Y Hydrocarbons as pollutants Y Reactions of hydrocarbons Y Effects of

hydrocarbons Y Control of hydrocarbons Y Particulate pollutants Y Flyash Y Physical methods involved in particulate formation Y Formation of inorganic

particulate matter Y Formation of organic particulate matter (OPM) Y Effect of particulate pollutants Y Control of particulate emissions Y Ozone as

pollutant Y WHO standards 2006 Y Ve hic u lar Pol lu tion Y Automobile emissions Y Diesel pollution and health Y Dispersion of pollutants Y Two

wheelers Y Prevention and control of vehicular pollution Y Alternative fuels Y Biofuels Y Ethanol Y Benefits of blending petrol with ethanol Y Petrol vs.

bioethanol Y Ethanol-Diesel blend not a good option Y Biodiesel Y Diesel vs. CNG Y ULSD and particulate traps Y Emission control devices for diesel

vehicles Y Ecofriendly cars Y Helium based cars Y Electric cars Y Fuel cell cars Y Hybrid cars Y Hydrogen powered cars Y Suspended particulate matter

(SPM) pollution Y Nano particles Y Lead pollution Y Benzene pollution Y Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE) Y Methyl Cyclopentadienyl Manganese

Tricarbonyl (MCMT) Y Vehicular hazards Y Green House Ef fect and Global Warm ing Y Greenirouse effect Y How the greenhouse effect is produced

Y Greenhouse gases Y Radiative forcing Y Major sources of greenhouse gases Y Climate change Y Greenhouse effect and climate change Y Cause of

fluctuations occurring in global temperature Y Global warming—some facts Y Consequences of global warming Y Fossil fuels and global warming Y

Global warming and domino effect Y Global warming and ocean temperatures Y Soot and global warming Y Global warming and Walker circulation

46

–B.K. Sharma272–05 (B) Air Pollution

Y Forests and global warming Y Water cycle and global warming Y Carbon cycle and global warming Y Acid rain and global warming Y Glaciers and

global warming Y Glaciers at a glance Y Control and remedial measures of greenhouse effect Y Technologies to arrest global warming Y Latest about

global warming Y Aero sols Y Aerosols Y Classification and size of aerosols Y Aerosols and cloud formation Y Adverse effects of aerosols Y Cloud

seeding—warm and cold rains Y Aerosols and Indian monsoon Y EI Nino and La Nino Phe nom ena Y El Nino Y Drought and El Nino Y El Nino and

Indian monsoon Y El Nino and disease Y El Nino and degraded land Y El nino forecast Y El Nino and Sea Surface temperature (SST) Y El Nino and forest

fires Y El Nino and global warming Y Volcanic eruptions, El >Nine ano global warming Y La Nina Y La Nina and productivity Y In dus trial Pol lu tion Y

Principal causes of industrial pollution in India Y Environmental problems some industries Y Caustic-chlorine industry Y Mercury alternatives Y Thermal

power plants Y Clean technologies for coal fired thermal power plants Y Energy efficiency measures Y Why FBC processes are eco friendly? Y Ashless coal

Y Magneto hydro—dynamics Y Reducing CO2 emissions from power plants Y Water control of thermal power plants Y Utilisation of flyash Y Nuclear

power reactors Y Nuclear power Y Portable nuclear fusion device Y Nuclear power in India Y Fertilizer and chemical industries Y Tannery industry Y

Removal of chromium from tannery waste Y Electricity from tannery waste Y Agro based industries Y Biomass gasification Y Pulp and paper industry Y

Distillery industry Y Plastic industry Y Why recycle plastic? Y Plastic recycling techniques Y Mining and metallurgy industry Y Cement industry Y Dyeing

industry Y Detergent industry Y Biodegradability of detergents Y Ecofriendly detergents containing enzymes Y Enzymes and detergent industry Y

Ecofriendly detergents—zeolites Y Ecofriendly detergent Y Sponge iron industry Y Iron ore Y Checking air pollution by sponge iron industry Y Blast

furnace slag Y Environmental responsibilities of industries Y Reasons of industrial pollution and some preventive measures Y Ozone Layer-The Earth's

Pro tec tive Um brella Y Stratosphere Y Creation of ozone layer Y Formation of ozone Y Mechanism of ozone depletion Y Null and holding cycles Y

Antarctic and Arctic ozone hole formation Y Hydrogen and ozone layer Y All about ozone layer Y Effects of ozone depletion Y Chlorofluorocarbons

(CFCs) Y General mechanism of ozone depletion by CFCs Y Search for alternative technology and substitute chemicals Y Methyl bromide (MB) also

depletes ozone layer Y Methyl iodide Y Halon bank Y Safe disposal of CFCs Y Smog Y Smog formation Y Formation of hydroxyl radical Y Oxidation of

hydrocarbons Y Volatile organic compounds and their oxidation Y Effects of photochemical oxidants on humans Y Effects of photochemical oxidants on

plants Y Effects of photochemical oxidants on materials Y Control of photochemical pollutants Y Acid Rain Y Where does the acid rain come from Y

Composition of rain Y How acid rain is formed Y Formation of nitric acid in atmosphere Y Formation of sulphuric acid in atmosphere Y Role of winds in

acid rain Y Sources and sinks Y Rain, fog and snow Y Adverse effects of acid rain Y Effect of acid rain on aquatic biota Y Effect of acid rain on terrestrial

ecosystem Y Effect of acid rain on lake ecosystem Y Effect of acid rain on buildings Y Effect of acid rain on human beings Y An a lyt i cal Meth ods for

Mon i tor ing Air Pol lut ants Y Principles of monitoring methods—continuous monitoring instruments Y Principles of environmental monitoring Y

Analytical methods for monitoring air pollutants Y Monitoring of sulphur dioxide Y Monitoring of suiphurated hydrogen Y Monitoring of NO

—NOx Y Monitoring of carbon monoxide Y Monitoring of hydrocarbons (HC) and ozone Y Monitoring of suspended particulate matter (S PM) Y

Monitoring of trace metals In air andwater Y Pre ven tion and Con trol of Air Pol lu tion Y Control of air pollution by fuel selection and utilisation Y

Control of air pollution by process modification or equipment Y Control of air pollution by Site selection and zoning Y General methods of air

pollution control Y Zoning Y Air pollution control at source Y Controlling air pollution by devices Y Air pollution control by stacks Y Air pollution

control by planting trees and growing vegetation.

Y Characteristics of Water Y Uses of water Y Water for industry Y Sources of water Y Quality of natural waters Y Chemistry of water Y

Water in human body Y Water as a solvent Y Main quality characteristics of water Y Effects of water on rocks and minerals Y Organic matter

in water Y Humic material in water Y Colloidal material in water Y Environmental phosphorus chemistry Y Water Pollution Y Definitions

of water pollution Y Water Pollutants Y Types of water pollution Y Physical pollution of water Y Chemical pollution of water Y Biological

pollution of water Y Physiological pollution of water Y Types of Water Pollution Y Ground water pollution Y Protecting ground water

from pollution Y Surface water pollution Y Lake water pollution Y How excess nutrients can kill a lake Y Pollution of lakes Y River water

pollution Y Water pollution in major rivers of India and world Y How rivers are killed Y Water deterioration at world level Y Sea water

pollution Y Marine pollution Y Oil pollution of water Y Sources of oil pollutants in sea water Y Marine pollution episodes Y Effect of oil

pollution in marine water Y Counter measures against oil spills Y Sources of Water Pollution Y Sewage and domestic wastes Y Industrial

effluents Y Agricultural discharges charges Y Fertilizers Y Detergents Y Toxic metals Y Siltation Y Thermal pollutants Y Radioactive materials

in water Y Classification of Water Pollutants Y Inorganic pollutants and toxic metals Y Detrimental effects of inorganic pollutants Y Toxic metals Y

Detrimental effects of trace metals Y Organic pollutants Y Detrimental effects of organic pollutants Y Sediments Y Detrimental effects of sediments Y Synthetic

detergents Y Detrimental effects of detergents Y Oxygen demanding wastes Y Disease causing agents Y Detrimental effects of pathogens Y Index organisms of

water contamination Y Radioactive pollutants Y Detrimental effects of radioactive pollutants in water Y Plant nutrients Y Eutrophication Y Thermal pollutants

in water Y Detrimental effects of thermal pollutants Y Biological pollutants Y Detrimental effects of primary pollutants Y Detrimental effects of corollary

pollutants Y Pesticides pollution Y Sources of pesticidal pollutants in water Y Persistent pesticides Y Distribution of persistent pesticides Y Biological

magnification Y Biodegradation of pesticides Y Mode of poisoning of pesticides Y The degradation and mobility of pesticides Y Gaseous pollutants Y Farm

47

–B.K. Sharma273–05 Water Pollution

wastes Y Fertilizers Y Suspended matters Y Auto exhaust as water pollutant Y Water Management Y Use and conservation of water resources Y Water

quality management Y Rainwater harvesting Y Water from rocks Y Recharging with treated waste water Y Water management in agriculture - rainfed system

Y rrigated systems Y Sea water for agriculture Y Water management in industries Y Remedial measures of water pollution by authorities Y Penalties Y

Industrial Wastes and Treatment Processes Y The problem of sustenance and the chemical industry Y Characteristics of industrial impurities wastes

Y Types of industrial wastes Y Solid industrial wastes Y Principles of industrial waste treatment Y Protection of biosphere Y Basic trends in biosphere

protion for industrial wastes Y Protection of surface waters from pollution with industrial sewage Y Treatment and disposal of industrial wastes Y

Treatment of wastes or effluents uh organic impurities Y Treatment of wastes or effluents with inorganic impurities Y Effluents of industrial units and their

purification Y Treatment of some industrial effluents Y Sanitary-chemical analysis of industrial effluents or sewage Y The nature and treatment of some

other important chemical wastes Y Purification of Water Y Potability of water Y Removal of coarse, dispersed and colloidal impurities from water:

clarification of water Y Coagulation of waler Y Contact and electro-chemical coagulation Y Flocculants Y Sterilisation and disinfection of water Y

Chemical methods of sterilisation Y Physical methods of sterilisation Y Softening of water Y Clark’s process Y Lime soda process Y Modified lime soda

process Y Permutit or zeolite process Y Ion exchange process Y Demineralization of water Y Determination of hardness Y Industrial water treatment Y

Removal of slime and algae from water Y Removal of smack and odour from water (deodouration) Y Deaeration and deoxygenation of water Y Chemical

deoxygenation of water Y Removal of gas from water Y Sea water as a source of drinking water—Desalting Y Electrodialysis method Y Reverse mosis

method Y Removal of iron and manganese from water Y Removal of silicic acid from water Y Fluoridation and defluoridation of water Y Magnetic

treatment of water Y Purification of water from radioactive substances Y Sewage and Sewage Treatment Y Municipal waste waters Y Important

definitions Y Sewage and its composition Y Bacteriology of sewage and sewage treatment Y Stabilization Y Properties of sewage Y Purpose of sewage

treatment Y Methods of sewage treatment Y Removal of phosphorus and nitrogen, from waste water Y Filtration of sewage Y Types of aerobic oxidation

plants Y Anaerobic biological oxidation plants Y Miscellaneous methods of sewage treatment Y Cycle of decomposition Y Self cleaning velocity Y System

of sewerage Y Analysis of sewage Y Sludge disposal Y Methods of sludge disposal Y Sewage disposal Y Sewage sickness Y Self purification of natural

waters Y Methods of sewage disposal Y Prevention and Control of Water Pollution Y Prevention of water pollution Y Control of water pollution Y

How to make best use of water Y Analysis of Water Pollutants Y Chemical and physical examination of water Y Taking the sample Y Preservation

and preconcentration methods Y Measurement of water quality by chemical and physical examination of water Y Chemical substances affecting potability

Y Colour Y Turbidity Y Odour Y Taste Y Temperature Y Hydrogen ion concentration Y Electrical conductivity Y Solids Y Suspended solias Y Dissolved

solids Y Acidity Y Total acidity Y Alkalinity Y Free carbon dioxide Y Free chlorine Y Chlorine demand Y Calcium Y Magnesium Y Iron Y Manganese Y

Silver Y Zinc Y Chemical substances affecting health Y Ammonia Y Nitrate and nitrite Y Cyanide Y Sulphate Y Sulphide Y Chloride Y Fluoride Y

Fluoridation Y Measurement of toxic chemical substances Y Arsenic Y Beryllium Y Cadmium Y Cromium Y Copper Y Iron Y Lead Y Manganese Y

Selenium Y Mercury Y General analytical methods of determination of metals Y Intemational standards for drinking water (Prescribed by WHO) Y

Chemical substances indicative of pallution Y Dissolved oxygen Y Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) Y Chemical oxygen demand (COD) Y

Bacteriological examination of water Y Bacteriological test Y Ecoli index Y Culture medium for Escherichia coliform Y Culture media for total bacteria Y

Most probable number method Y Biological examination of water Y Physical examination of water sample Y Radioactivity of water Y Methods of

removing radioactivity from water Y Microbiology of Drinking Water and Sewage Y Classification of microorganisms Y Morphology of bacteria Y

Capsules Y Motility Y Spore forming of bacteria Y Locomation of bacteria Y Reproduction of bacteria Y Metabolism and chemical composition of bacteria

Y Respiration of bacteria Y Nutrition of bacteria Y Algae Y Fungi Y Protozoa Y Rotifers Y Worms Y Lower crustaceans Y Myxobactoia Y Escherichia

coli-water pollution indicator Y Effects of environments on growth of microorganisms Y Main reasons for spreading the infection Y Microbes in nature Y

Microbiological processes Y Life of microorganisms in water supply systems and sewage treatment plants Y Treatment of sewage with microorganisms Y

Discharge of sewage into sea.

Section-I: Environment Y Environment keeps changing Y Man interferes with the environment Y Let’s preserve our planet Y Components of

environment Y Factors affecting environment Y Man and envrionment Y Types of environment Y Environment and developoment Y Environmental

management Y Objectives of environmental management Y Components of environmental management Y Environmental education Y Objective of

envrionmental education Y Principles of environmental education Y Health and environment Y Urban environment Y Women and environment Y India

and environment Y World environment day, June 5, 1999 Y Policy initiatives Y Other initiatives Y Transparency and people’s participation Y Preventive

measures Y Major thrust areas for future Y Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 Y Concept of environmental chemistry Y Segments of environment Y

Atmosphere Y Structure of atmosphere Y Air as ecological factor Y Reactions of atmospheric oxygen Y Climate and weather Y Hydrosphere Y Solubility of

gases in water Y Hydrological (Water) cycle Y Sea water Y Ocean currents Y Lithosphere Y Process of soil formation Y Biosphere Y Environmental

pollution Y What is pollution? Y Origin of pollution Y Pollutants Y Classification of pollutants Y Types of pollution Y Section-II: Soil Pollution Y

Introduction to Soil Chemistry Y Importance of soil Y What is soil? Y Definition of soil Y Life on soil Y Composition of soil Y Mineral matter in the soil

Y Organic matter in soil Y Soil water Y Soil air Y soil respiration Y Surface soil and sub-soil Y Process of soil foramtion Y Factors affecting soil formation Y

Soil micro-organisms Y The soil profile Y Types of soils Y Soil pH Y Soil acidity Y Amelioration of soil acidity Y Saline and alkaline soil Y Amelioration or

48

–B.K. Sharma274–02 (B) Soil & Noise Pollution

reclamation of saline and alkali soils Y Saline soil reclamation and management Y Alkali (saline-alkali and non-saline alkali) soil reclamation and

management Y Soil indicator plants Y Acid soil indicator plants Y Alkaline soil indicator plants Y Saline soil indicators (Halophytes) Y Plants as indicators

of Pollution Y Bioindictors Y Microbial system Y Soil Pollution Y Soil pollution by industrial wastes Y Soil pollution by urban wastes Y Radio-active

pollutants Y Agricultural practices Y Chemical and metalic pollutants Y Biological agents Y Mining Y Resistant objects Y Soil sediments Y Detrimental

effectrs of soil pollutants Y Effects of industrial pollutants Y Effects of sewage and domestic wastes Y Effects of heavy metals Y Effects of radioactive

pollutants Y Effects of modern agro-technology Y Diseases caused by soil pollution Y Impact of soil pollution on air quality Y Soil Erosion Y Causes of

soil erosion Y Causes of water erosion Y Factors affecting soil erosion by water Y Types of water erosion Y Harmful effects of water erosion Y Soil

consevation Y Techniques for control of water erosion Y Wind erosion Y Factors affecting wind erosion Y Cause of soil erosion Y Effects of soil erosion Y

Control of wind erosion Y Erosion by sun Y Control of Soil Pollution Y Control opf sewage, domestic and industrial wastes Y Ecofarming and

ecotechnology Y Biotechnology Y Integrated nutrient management (INM) Y Genetic resource management Y Land use systems Y Water management Y

Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Y Fighting pests at home Y Future Strategies Y Eco-technology Y Ecological farming system Y Biotechnology Y

Integrated Plant Nutrient Management (IPNM) Y Integrated pest management - the eco friendly apparaoch Y Soil solarisation Y Watershed management

Y Water management Y Remote sensing technology Y Analysis and Monitoring of Pesticides Carcinogens and Industrial Pollutants Y

Pesticides Y Herbicides Y Fungicides Y Rodenticide Y Carcinohens Y Industrial pollutants in the environment Y Phenolic compounds Y Nitro compounds

Y Section-III: Noise Pollution Y What is noise? Y Sources oif noise pollutiion Y Characteristics of sound Y Measurements of noise-unit of sound Y

Noise level Y Measuring noise level Y Loudness on decibel scale Y Measurement of sound power Y Types of noise Y Air pollution and noise pollution Y

Noise levels in defferent cities of the world Y Noise pollution in New Delhi Y Noise pollution in Madras city Y Noise pollution levels in Lucknow Y Effects of

noise pollution Y Indian scene Y Noise and air pollution on Diwali Y Prevention and control of noise pollution Y Industrial noise control Y Community

noise control Y Control of other types of noises Y Noise pollution analyser Y Anti-noise device Y Noise pollution control in India.

Y In tro duc tion to Sur face and In ter face Chem is try Y Surface and Interface Chemistry Y Historical Development of Surface Chemistry Y

Adsorption, Absorption, Sorption and Occlusion Y Characteristics of Adsorption Y Adsorption of Gases on Solids Y Methods for Determining Surface

Structure and Composition Y Modern Methods of Stydying Adsorption Y Infrared Spectra of Surface Compounds and Adsorption Complexes Y Phys i cal

Ad sorp tion Y Types of Adsorption Curves Y Types of Adsorption Isotherms (Physical) Y Measurements of Adorption Isotherms or Experimental

Methods of Determining Gas Adsorption Y Various Adsorption Isotherms Y Determination of Surface Area Y Enthalpy of Adsorption Y Determination of

Entropy of Adsorption Y Adsorption Isobars Y Polanyi’s Potential Theory Y Chemisorption Y Special Features of Chemisorption Y Kinetics of

Chemisorption Y Sur face Films Y Film Pressure Y Criteria for Spreading of One Liquid on Another Y Surface Pressure Y Measurements of Surface

Pressure Y Structure of Surface Films Y Molecular Dimensions from the Langmuir Surface Balance Y The Analogy between Surface Films and Gases Y

Stae of Monomolecular Films Y Reaction in Monomolecular Films Y Mixed Films Y Protein and Polymer Films Y Applications of Surface Films

Y In sol u ble Sur face Films Y Types of Surface Films Y Gaseous Films Y Continuous Films Y Ad sorp tion from So lu tions Y Electrostatic Adsorption Y

Gibbs Adsorption Equation Y Alternate Definition of Surface Excess Y Solid-Liquid Interface Y Ore Flotation Y Water Repellency Y Thermodynamics of

Gas-Solid Adsorption Y Micellar Sys tems and Solubilization Y Micellization Y Structure of Micelles Y Ionic Micelles Y Micellization in Non-aqueous

Media Y Solubilization Y Electrokinetic Ef fects Y Influence of Ions on Electrokinetic Potential Y Ap pli ca tions of Ad sorp tion Y Solved

Prob lems on Adsorption.

Y In tro duc tion to Phase Rule Y What is a Phase Rule Y Phase Y Component Y Number of Components for a Chemical Rective System Y

Degree of Freedom or Variance of the System Y Phase Reactions Y Conditions for Equilibrium Between Phases Y Stability of Phases Y

Derivation of Phase Rule Y Derivation of Phase Rule for Reactive System Y Alternative Derivation of Phase Rule Y Advantages of Phase Rule Y

Limitations of Phase Rule Y Phase Diagram Y True, Metastable and Unstable Equilibrium Y One-Component Sys tems Y Water System Y

Deuterium Oxide System Y Liquid Hel ium System Y Polymorphism and Al lotropy Y Comparison between Melting and Transition

Point Y Experimental Determination of Transition Point Y Application of Phase Rule to Sulphur System Y Phosphorus System Y

Simplified Phase Diagram for Phosphorus System Y High Pressure Phase Diagrams Y Carbon System Y Liquid Crystals or

Anisotropic Liquids Y Phase Transitions Y Ordering Processes in Solid Solutions Y Distinction between Triple Point and Freezing

Point Y Two-Com po nent Sys tems (Part I) Y Phase Diagram Y Reduced Phase Rule Y Types of two Component Systems

49

–Gurdeep Raj288–04 (C) Surface Chemistry (Adsorption)

–Gurdeep Raj289–04 (B) Phase Rule

Y Gas-Solid Systems Y Solid-Liquid Systems of two Component Systems Y Salt-Water Systems Y Potassium Iodide-Water System Y Iron-Carbon System

Y Two-Com po nent Sys tems (contd.) Liq uid-Liq uid Sys tems (Part II) Y Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium Y Type I: Completely Miscible

Liquid Pairs Y Derivation of Duhem-Margules Equation Y Konowaloff's Rule Y Ideal Solutions of Liquids Y Vapour Pressure-Composition

Curve Y Real Solutions of Liquids Y Fractional Distillation of Zeotropic Mixtures Y Determination of Ratio of Distillation to Residue Y

Influence of Impurities (or Foregign Substances) on Critical Solution Temperature Y Influence of Pressure on the Critical Solution

Temperature Y Determination of Critical Solution Temperature (Laboratory Method) Y Distillation of Partially Miscible Liquids (Vapour

Pressure and Distillation Diagrams) Y Disti l lation of Immiscible Liquids Y Three-Com po nent Sys tems Y Representation of three

Component Systems Y Three Component Systems Involving Liquid-Liquid Equilibria Y Three Component Systems Involving Solid-Liquid

Equilibria Y Salting Out Phenomenon Y Qua ter nary, Quinary and Six Com po nent Sys tems Y Quaternary Systems Y Quinary Systems Y Six

Component Systems.

Y In tro duc tion Y Nuclear chemistry and nuclear reactions Y Difference between nuclear and chemical reactions Y Types of nuclear reactions Y Q values

of nuclear reactions Y Important points Y Fun da men tal Par ti cles and Quarks Y Properties of nuclear particles Y The electron Y Properties of electron

Y Properties of cathode rays Y The proton Y Properties of proton Y The neutron Y The positron Y The mesons and hyperons (Y—particles) Y The neutrino

and antineutrino Y The antiprotons and antineutrons Y The photon Y The graviton Y V-particles Y The interaction between particles Y Quarks Y

Prop er ties of Nu cleus Y Discovery of nucleus Y Rutherford model of atom Y Properties of nucleus Y Composition of nucleus Y Atomic mass unit Y

Nuclear stability Y Belt of stability Y Meson theory of nuclear forces Y Decay processes Y Electron capture Y Positron emission Y Alpha decay Y Beta

decay Y Internal conversion Y Lighter radioactive nutilides Y Theories of nuclear composition Y Proton electron theory Y Proton neutron theory Y

Meson theory of nuclear forces Y Neutron proton theory Y The antiproton neutron theory Y Nuclear mass Y Nuclear charge Y Nuclear size Y Nuclear

spin and magnetic moment Y Structure of the nucleus Y Nuclear models Y Liquid drop model Y Shell model and magic numbers Y Fermi gas model Y

Nucleon pairing Y Odd- even effect Y Binding forces in nucleus Y Nat u ral Ra dio ac tiv ity Y Radioactivity Y Natural radio activity Y Characteristics of

alpha rays Y Characteristics of beta rays Y Characteristics of gamma rays Y Experimental proof that alpha particles are helium nuclei Y Harmful effects of

radiation Y Radioactive units Y The disintegration theory Y Rate of disintegration Y Methods of determining half life period Y Half life period normal Y

Half life period extremely great Y Half life period extremely short Y Group displacement law Y Radioactive series Y Packing fraction Y Radioactive

equilibrium Y De tec tion and Mea sure ment of Ra dio ac tiv ity Y Interaction of radiation with matter Y Particle tracking Y Devices used for radioactive

measurements Y lonisation chamber Y Geiger Muller counter Y Proportional counters Y Flow counters Y End window counters Y Scintillation counters Y

Semiconductor counters Y Wilson cloud chamber Y Glaser’s Bubble chamber Y Electroscope Y Iso topes and Iso bars Y Nuclides Y Isotopes Y Isobars Y

Isotones Y Isomers Y Isodiaphers Y Isosters Y Isoelectronic species Y Nuclear isomers Y Stable and unstable nuclei Y formation of isotopes and isobars Y

The detection and study of isotopes - positive ray analysis Y Mass spectrometer Y Principle of operation of mass spectrometer Y Principle of measurement

Y Double focusing Y Separation of isotopes Y Separation factor Y Isotopic separation Y Gaseous diffusion method Y Thermal diffusion method Y Ionic

migration method Y Photochemical method Y Electromagnetic or mass spectrographic method Y Chemical exchange method Y Nu clear Re ac tions Y

Bombarding particles Y The formation and behaviour of compound nucleus Y Classification of nuclear reactions Y Nuclear reactions induced by charged

particles Y Nuclear reactions induced by neutrons Y Ar ti fi cial Trans mu ta tion or Ar ti fi cial Dis in te gra tion Y Explanation Y Practical difficulties

Y Projectiles for transmutation Y Methods of producing nuclear particles Y More powerful particle accelerating machines Y Bohr’s theory of nuclear

disintegration Y Method of artificial disintegration Y Detection and measurement artificial transmutation Y Ar ti fi cial or In duced Ra dio ac tiv ity Y

Discovery of artificial radioactivity Y Detection and measurement of artificial activity Y Production of artificial radioactivity Y Induced radioactivity

produced by alpha particles Y Induced radioactivity produced by photons Y Induced radioactivity produced by deuterons Y Induced radioactivity

produced by neutrons Y K— electron capture Y Nuclear isomerism Y Mechanism of artificial radioactivity Y Importance and applications of artificial

radioactivity Y Transuranium El e ments Y Neptunium Y Plutonium Y Americium Y Curium Y Berkelium Y Californium Y Einsteinium Y Fermium Y

Mendelevium Y Nobelium Y Lawrencium Y Kurchatovium Y Element number Y Con tro ver sial El e ments Y Technitium Y Discovery Y Isotopes of

technitium Y Technitium in nature Y Physical properties of technitium Y Chemical properties of technitium Y Compounds of technitium Y Technitium

in solution Y Complex compounds Y Separation of technitium from other elements Y Production of technitium Y Production of metallic technitium Y

Alloys of technitium Y Analysis of technitium Y Uses of technitium Y Promethium Y Discovery Y Promethium in nature Y Properties of compounds of

promethium Y Promethium in solution Y Separation and preparation of promethium Y Analysis of promethium Y Uses of promethium Y Astatine Y

Discovery Y Isotopes of astatine Y Astatine in nature Y Properties and compounds of astatine Y Separation of astatine Y Analysis of astatine Y Francium

Y Discovery Y Francium in nature Y Physical and chemical properties of francium Y Separation and preparation of francium Y New artificial atoms Y

Positronium Y Muonium Y Nu clear Fu els Y Processing of uranium compounds Y Processing of thorium ores Y Separation of thorium Y Production of

50

–B.K. Sharma295–07 (B) Nuclear & Radiation Chemistry

thorium compounds Y Production of metallic uranium Y Production of metallic thorium Y Production of spent nuclear fuel Y Disposal of radioactive

wastes Y Ura nium and Tho rium Y Uranium Y Discovery Y Extraction Y Uranium in nature Y Physical properties of uranium Y Chemical properties of

uranium Y Compounds of uranium Y Uses Y Thorium Y Discovery Y Extraction Y Thorium in nature Y Physical properties of thorium Y Chemical

properties of thorium Y Compounds of thorium Y Thorium in solution Y Preparation of isotopes of thorium Y Uses of thorium Y Nu clear Fis sion and

Fu sion Y Fission energy Y Fission chain reaction Y Nuclear fission and liquid drop model Y Fissionable 235U Y Test for fissionability Y The fragment

pattern Y Atom bomb Y Detection of fission Y Importance of nuclear fission Y Practical application of nuclear fission Y Mass energy relations Y Nuclear

fusion Y Controlled nuclear fusion Y Generation of electricity from nuclear fusion Y Nuclear fusion and fission Y Sources of energy Y Steller energy Y

Synthesis of elements in stars Y Nu clear Re ac tors Y Characteristic features Y Nuclear reactors in actual use Y Some Indian nuclear reactors Y

Applications of reactors Y Advantages and disadvantages of nuclear reactors Y Power reactors Y Nuclear power stations in India Y Breeder

reactors Y Dis posal of Ra dio ac tive Wastes Y Disposal methods of radioactive wastes Y Disadvantages of storing liquid waste Y

Reprocessing of spent uranium fuel and its disposal Y Recent methods to dispose critically dangerous radio wastes Y Converting radio waste

into solid form Y Other recent disposal methods Y Chem is try of Nu clear Trans for ma tion Y Radiation chemistry Y Interaction of ionising

radiation with matter Y Quantitative characteristics of radiation — chemical changes Y Principal types of radiation-chemical changes Y Effect

of ionising radiations on water and aqueous solutions Y Effect of ionising radiations on organic compounds Y Specific features of radiation

induced transformations in solid compounds Y Autoradiolysis Y Effect of radioactivity on the physical properties of radioactive substances Y

Ra dio Chem is try Y Types of radiochemistry Y Radioactive substances Y Classification of radioactive isotopes Y Gen eral Ra dio Chem is try

Y Isotopic exchange Y Basic concepts Y Isotopic exchange by dissociation Y Isotopic exchange by association Y Electron exchange reactions Y Isotopic

exchange through reversible chemical processes Y Distribution of micro concentrations of radioactive isotopes between two phases Y Laws of

coprecipitation Y Adsorption of radioisotopes Y Types of adsorption Y Adsorption on ionic crystals Y The state of radioisotopes in ultra small

concentrations Y Factors affecting the state of radioactive isotopes in solution Y Methods of studying dispersion of radioactive isotopes in solution Y

Methods of studying the ionic state of radioactive isotopes in solution Y The state of radioactive isotopes in a gaseous medium Y The state of radioactive

isotopes in solids Y Mossbauer Ef fect Y Resonance fluorescence and absorption in nuclei Y Mossbauer effect Y Apparatus for Mossbauer spectroscopy

Y Lamb Mossbauer factor Y Mossbauer nuclides Y Formation of Mossbauer nuclides Y Standard reference absorber Y Applications of Mossbauer

spectroscopy Y Chem is try of At oms Pro duced in Nu clear Trans for ma tion- Hot Atom Chem is try Y Formation of radioactive isotopes Y

Formation of recoil atoms Y The charge of recoil atoms Y Retention Y Mechanism of reactions of recoil atoms Y Effect of various factors on retention Y Hot

atom reactions in solids Y Chemical changes in isomeric transitions Y Chemical changes in beta decay processes Y Reactions of recoil tritium atoms Y

Reactions of recoil carbon atoms Y Ra dio ac tive El e ments and Ra dio ac tive Iso topes in Na ture Y Natural radioactive elements Y Radio

isotopes-products of nuclear processes occurring in nature Y Products of nuclear explosions in nature Y Radiochemical analysis of natural

objects Y Ap pli ca tions of Ra dio ac tive Iso topes in Study ing the Mech a nism of Chem i cal Re ac tions Y The tracer method Y The

equivalence of chemical bonds in molecules Y Tautomerism Y Mechanism of rearrangements Y Mechanism of isomerisation Y Mechanism of

reactions involving free radical formation Y Mechanism of oxidation and reduction reactions Y Neiman kinetic isotope method Y Mechanism

of catalysis Y Mechanism of corrosion Y Tracer Tech nique Y General principles in the use of isotopic tracers Y Radioactive tracers Y What is tracer

technique Y Applications of tracer technique Y Applications in analytical chemistry Y Chemical investigation Y Radiochromatography Y Isotopic dilution

analysis Y Advantages of isotopic dilution analysis Y Activation analysis Y Advantages of activation analysis Y Disadvantages of activation analysis Y

Applications Y Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis PGNAA) Y Neutron absorptiometry Y Radionietric analysis Y Radiometric titrations Y

Procedure Y Types of radiometric titrating Y Advantages Y Radio carbon Y Age of earth Y Age of rocks Y Age of organic materials Y Radioisotopes in

biological field Y Radioisotopes in medicine Y Radioimunology (RIA) Y Radioisotopes in agriculture Y Radioisotopes in industry Y Radioisotopes as a

source of energy Y Prep a ra tion and Sep a ra tion of Ra dio ac tive Iso topes Y Separation methods Y Production of radioactive isotopes — Decay

products of 238U, 235U and 232Th Y Production of radioactive isotopes by nuclear reaction Y Production of radioactive isotopes from fission products of

uranium Y Formation of radioactive isotopes in nuclear eactions involving high energy particles Y Syn the sis of Com pounds La belled with

Ra dio ac tive Iso topes Y Methods and specificity of synthesis of labelled compounds. Y Nomenclature Y Direct chemial synthesis Y Synthesis of

compounds labelled with carbon—I 4 Y Synthesis of compounds labelled with tritium Y Synthesis of compounds labelled with sulphur-35 Y Synthesis of

compounds labelled with radioisotopes 36Cl, 82Br and 131I Y Synthesis of organic compounds labelled with phosphorus-32 Y Synthesis by isotope

exchange Y Biosynthesis Y Recoil synthesis or hot synthesis Y Advantages of recoil method Y Disadvantages of recoil method Y Synthesis of recoil atoms

for hot synthesis Y Synthesis of labelled compounds by beta decay of isotopes contained in molecules Y Physicochemical methods of synthesis Y

Synthesis of multiply labelled compounds Y Use of Ra dio iso topes for De ter min ing the Physicochemical Con stants Y Use of radioisotopes for

testing and development of methods of analysis Y Equilibrium constants and distribution constants Y Reaction rate constants at equilibrium Y Solubility of

sparingly soluble substances Y Equilibrium constants of heterogeneous reactions Y Diffusion and self diffusion coefficients Y Stability constants of complex

compounds.

51

Y Scope Im por tance and Need of En vi ron men tal Stud ies Y Definition Y Segments of Environment Y Scope Y Importance Y Need for Public

Awareness Y Eco sys tem Y Concept of an Ecosystem Y Ecosystem Structure and Functions Y Components of an Ecosystem Y Energy Flow in

Ecosystem Y Ecological Succession Y Food Chains, Food Webs and Ecological Pyramids Y Homeostasis and Feedback Y Types of Eco sys tem Y

Forest Ecosystem Y Grassland Ecosystem Y Desert Ecosystem Y Aquatic Ecosystem Y Restoration of Damaged Ecosystems or Ecosystem Restoration Y

Biodiversity Y Definition Y Biogeographical Classification of India Y Economical Role of Biodiversity/Value of Biodiversity Y Global Biodiversity Y

Biodiversity at National Level Y Regional or Local Biodiversity Y India as a Mega-Diversity Nation Y Hot-Spots of Biodiversity Y Threats to Biodiversity Y

Reasons for Extinction of Biodiversity Y Endangered Species of India Y Endemic Species of India Y Con ser va tion of Biodiversity Y Conservation

Methods Y Na tural Re sources Y Classification Y Natural Resources and Associated Problems Y Water Resources Y Mineral Resources Y

Biogeochemical Cy cles Y Carbon Hydrogen Cycles Y En ergy Y Classification Y Energy From Biomass Y Nuclear Energy Y Geothermal Energy Y

Ocean Termal Energy Y Hydrogen as Energy Source Y Alternative Fuels Y Hu man Pop u la tion and En vi ron ment Y Population Growth Y Human

Population Growth Y Population Parameters and variation among Nations Y The Population Explosion Y Population Migration Y Effects of Human

Activities on Environment Y Impacts of Human Activities on Environment Y Effects of Human Activities on Ecosystem and Natural Resources Y So cial

Is sues and the En vi ron ment Y From Unsustainable to Sustainable Development Y Urban Problem Related to Energy Y Water Conservation Y Rain

Water Harvesting Y Watershed Management Y Waste Management Y Solid Waste Y Resettlement and Rehabitation of People Y Environmental Ethics Y

Wasteland Reclamation Y Consumerism and Waste Products Y En vi ron men tal Pol lu tion and their Ef fects Y Definition Y Types of Pollution Y Air

Pollution Y Water Pollution Y Soil Pollution Y Marine Pollution Y Noise Pollution Y Thermal Pollution Y Role of an Individual in Prevention of

Pollution Y Pollution Case Studies Y En vi ron men tal Changes and Hu man Health Y Climate Change Y Green House Effect and Global Warming Y

Acid Rain Y Ozone in Stratosphere Y Water Brone Diseases Y Diseases caused by Chemical Agents Y Air Borne Diseases Y Toxic Waste or Hazardous

waste Y Carcinogens Y Nuclear Hazards Y In di ca tors and En vi ron men tal Im pact Assessments Y Bioindicators Y Natural Disasters Y Disaster

Management in India Y Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Y Role of the Genral Public in Environmental clearance Y Environmental

Protections Laws and Acts Y Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act, 1974 Y Air (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act, 1981 Y

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 Y National Forest Policy Y Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 Y Issues Involved in Enforcement of Environmental

Legislation Y Non-Goverment Organisation (NGO) Y Initiatives by Non-Govermental Organisations Y Environmental Education Y Women Education Y

Value Education.

Section-A: Chemical Bonding Y Ionic or Electrovalent Bond Y Covalent Bond Y Coordinate Bond Y Molecular Orbital Theory Y Hydrogen

Bonding Y Metallic Bonds Y States of Matter (Solid State) Y Types of Solids Y Types of Symmetry in Cubic Crystals Y Types of Unit Cells Y Structures

of Simple Ionic Compounds Y Bragg's Equation Y Imperfections in Solids Y Diamond Y Graphite Y Fullerenes Y Liquid Crystalline State Y Polymers Y

Nomenclature Y Tacticity Y Characteristics Y Classification of Polymers Y Types of Polymerization Y Mechanism of Addition Polymerization Y Some

Important Polymers Y Molecular Weight of Polymers Y Ion Exchange Resins Y Conductive Polymers Y Biodegradable Polymers Y Organometallic

Compounds Y Grignard Reagents Y Isomerism Y Structural Isomerism Y Stereoisomerism Y Optical Isomerism Y R & S Nomenclature Y

Geometrical Isomerism Y E, Z-Nomenclature for Geometrical Isomers Y Conformational Isomerism Y Or ganic Re ac tion Mech a nism Y Electron Effect

Y Resonance Y Hyperconjugation Y Homolytic and Heterolytic Bond Fission Y Types of Reagents Y Reaction Intermediates Y Types of Organic Reactions Y

In stru men ta tion Y Spectroscopy Y Electromagnetic Radiation Y Classification of Spectra Y Spectrophotometer Y Infra-red Spectroscopy Y Ultraviolet

Spectroscopy Y Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy Y Wa ter Y Sources of Water Y Alkalinity of Water Y Hardness of Water Y Estimation of

Hardness Y Units of Hardness Y Boiler Feed Waters Y Scale and Sludge Formation in Boilers Y Caustic Embrittlement Y Boiler Corrosion Y Priming and

Foaming Y Desalination of Brackish Water Y Treatment of Water Y Phase Rule Y Terms Used Y Derivation of Phase Rule Y Advantages of Phase Rule Y

Limitations of Phase Rule Y Application of Gibbs Phase Rule to One Component System Y The Water System Y Polymorphism Y Sulphur System Y

Fu els Y Characteristics of a Good Fuel Y Classification of Fuels Y Coal Y Bio-Gas Y Bio-mass Y Solar Energy Y Calorific Value of a Fuel Y Gross and Net

Calorific Value Y Determination of Calorific Value Using Bomb Calorimeter Y Ce ment, Plas ter of Paris and Lu bri cants Y Cement Y Plaster of Paris Y

Lubricants Y Cor ro sion Y Economic Consequences of Corrosion Y Types of Corrosion Y Passivity Y Different Forms of Corrosion Y Prevention of

Corrosion or Corrosion Control Y Sec tion-B: Prac ti cals.

52

Chemistry for Engineering Students

–R.K. Agarwal & V.K. Sangal315–10 Environment and Ecology

–R.K. Agarwal318–16 Engineering Chemistry

Y Section 1: Chemistry of Engineering Materials Y Water Treatment Y Uses of Water Y Water for Industry Y Sources of Water Y Water in

Human Body Y Water as a Solvent Y Water Conditioning Y Softening of Water Y Clark’s Process Y Lime Soda Process Y Modified Lime Soda

Process Y Permutit or Zeolite Process Y Ion Exchange Process Y Demineralisation of Water Y Treatment of Water for Muncipal Purposes Y

Probability of Water Y Prevention of Plumbo Solvency Y Chemical Methods of Sterilisation Y Forms of Chlorination Y Physical Methods of

Sterilisation Y Sea Water as a Source of Drinking Water Y Desalting Y Electrodialysis Method Y Reverse Osmosis Method Y Priming and Foaming

Y Caustic Embrittlement Y Industrial Water Treatment Y Removal of Slime and Algae from Water Y Deaeration and Deoxygenation of Water Y

Chemical Deoxygenation of Water Y Coagulation of Water Y Flocculators Y Water Analysis Y Chemical and Physical Examination of Water Y

Taking the Sample Y Preservation and Pre-concentration Methods Y Measurement of Water Quality by Chemical and Physical Examination of

Water Y Chemical Substances Affecting Protability Y Colour Y Turbidity Y Odour Y Taste Y Temperature Y Hydrogen ion Concentration (pH) Y

Electrical Conductivity Y Solids Y Suspended Solids Y Acidity Y Total Acidity Y Free Chlorine Y Chlorine Demand Y Calcium Y Magnesium Y Iron

Y Maaganese Y Zinc Y Beryllium Y Chemical Substances Affecting Health Y Ammonia Y Nitrate and Nitrite Y Cyanide Y Sulphate Y Sulphide Y

Chloride Y Fluoride Y Fluoridation Y Chemical Substances Indicating of Polution Y Dissolved Oxygen Y Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Y

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Y Bacteriological Examination of Water Y E.coli Index Y Culture Medium for Escherichia Coliform Y Culture

Medium for Total Bacteria Y Most Probable Number Method Y Standard Prescribed by WHO Y Biological Examination of Water Y Determination

Y Physical Examination of Water Sample Y Algal Examination Y Standards of Biological Activity Prescribed by ISI Y Measurement of Total

Organic Matter Y Metals and other Chemical Substances Y Radio Activity of Water Y Methods of Removing Radioactivity from Water Y

Determination of Hardness Y Methods of Determining Hardness Y Some Problems on Lime Soda Process, Zeolites and Hardness of Water Y

Sewage and Sewage Treatment Y Munipal Waste Waters Y Sewage and its Composition Y Bacteriology of Sewage and Sewage Treatment Y

Stabilization Y Properties of Sewage Y Purpose of Sewage Treatment Y Methods of Sewage Treatment Y Preliminary or Mechanical Treatment Y

Preliminary Treatment Y Secondary or Biological Treatment Y Activated Sludge Process Y Tertiary Treatment Y Filtration of Sewage Y Types of

Aerobic Oxidation Plants Y Anaerobic Biological Oxidation Plants Y Miscellaneous Methods of Sewage Treatment Y Aerated Lagoonds Y

Oxidation Ditch Y Anaerobic Lagoonds Y Septic Tanks Y Imhoff Tanks Y Self Cleaning Velocity Y Analysis of Sewage Y Limitations of bod Test Y

Sewage Disposal Y Fuels Y What is Fuel Y Calorific Value Y Determination of Calorific Value Y Modern Concept of Fuels Y Classification of Fuels

Y Criterion of Selection of Fuel Y Properties of Fuels Y Methods of Processing Various Fuels Y Solid Fuels Y Natural Solid Fuels Y Artificial Solid

Fuels Y Industrial Solid Fuels Y Formation of Coal Y Properties of Coal Y Classification of Coal Y Coking and Non-coking Coals Y Pulverised Coal

Y Role of Sulphur and Ash in Coal Y Advantages of Solid Fuels Over Liquid and Gaseous Fuels Y Composition of Coal Y Analysis of Coal Y

Proximate Analysis Y Ultimate Analysis Y Calorific Value Y The High and Low Temperature Carbonisation of Coal Y High Temperature

Carbonisation of Coal Y Manufacture of Coal Gas Y Types of Coking Y Coal Chemicals Y Recovery Coal Chemicals Y Processing of

Carbonisation Products Y Fuels for Metallurgy Y Low Temperature Carbonisation Y Distillation of Coal Tar Y Uses of Tar Products Y

Non-petroleum Fuels Y Manufacture of Power Alcohol Y Ethyl Alcohol from Molasses Y Alcohol from Waste Sulphite Liquor Y Manufacture from

Starchy Materials Y Manufacture from Cellulose Materials Y Manufacture from Hydrocarbon Gases Y Importance of Power Alcohol as Fuel Y

Destructive Distillation of Wood Y Gaseous Fuels Y Advantages of Gaseous Fuels Y Classification of Gaseous Fuels Y Natural Gaseous Fuels Y

Artificial Gaseous Fuels Y Water Gas Y Carburetted Water Gas Y Producer Gas Y Semiwater Gas Y Oil Gas Y Liquid Petrolium Gas (LPG) Y

Biogas or Gobar Gas Y Disadvantages of Gaseous Fuels Y Liquid Fuels Y Characteristics of Liquid Fuels Y Petroleum Y Occurrence Y Mining of

Petroleum Y Prospecting Y Colur and Consistency Y Origin Y Composition Y Classification Y Distillation of Crude Petroleum Y Treatment of the

Residual Liquid Y Purification of Petroleum Products Y Flash Point Y Knocking Y Antiknock Compounds Y Octane Number Y Cetane Number Y

Natural Gasoline Y Cracking Y Houdry Process Y Advantages of Catalytic Cracking Over Thermal Cracking Y Chemical Treatment for Upgrading

a Liquid Fuel Y Reforming Y Polymerisation Y Catalytic Polymerisation to Form iso-octane Motor Fuel Y Alkylation Y Isomerisation Y

Aromatisation Y Dehydration of Paraffins and Olefins Y Synthetic Fuels from Coal Y Liquefaction of Coals or Hydrogenation of Coal Y Aviation

Gasoline Y Kerosene Oil Y Gas Oil Y Diesel Fuel Y Benzol Y Coal Tar Y Colloidal Fuels Y Petrochemicals Y Nuclear Fuels Y Nuclear Fusion Y

Nuclear Reactors Y Breeder Reactors Y Atom Bomb Y Nuclear Fission Y Nuclear Fission and Fusion Y Energy Y Renewable and Non-renewable

Sources of Energy Y Conventional Sources and Non-conventional Sources of Energy Y Sources of Energy Y Fuel Cells Y Combusion Y

Calculation of Air Required for Combustion Y Some Solved Numerical Problems Y Lubricants Y Lubricants Y Properties of Lubricants Y

Classification of Lubrication Y Substances Used as Lubricants Y Additives for Lubricating Oils Y Lubricants of Mineral Origin Y Synthetic Lubricants Y

Lubricating Greases Y Chemical Properties of Greases Y Solid Lubricants Y Lubricant Emulsions Y Some Tests Carried out on Lubricants Y Cutting Fluids

Y Selection of Lubricants Y Lubricating Oil Classification and their Uses for Different Types of Machinery Y Glass Y Physical Properties of Glass Y

Chemical Properties of Glass Y Characteristics of Glass Y Raw Materials Y Chemical Reactions Y Method of Manufacture Y Formation of Batch

Material Y Melting Y Chemical Reactions in the Furnace Y Shaping and Forming Y Forcault Process of Shaping Sheet or Window Glass Y Shaping

of Plate Glass Y Annealing Y Finishing Y Some Spacial Glasses Y Adhesives Y The Process of Bonding Y Classification of Adhesives Y

Preparation of Adhesives Y Animal Glue Y Other Protein Adhesives Y Starch Adhesives Y Synthetic Resin Adhesives Y Rubber Based Adhesives Y

Cellulose and Silicate Adhesives Y Uses of Adhesives Y Dielectrics or Electrical Insulating Materials Y Dielectric Properties Y Classification

of Insulating Materials Y Gaseous Insulating Materials Y Liquid Insulating Materials Y Solid Insulating Materials Y Thermal Insulators Y Semi

53

–B.K. Sharma324–06 (B) Engineering Chemistry (General)

Conductors Y Plastics Y Properties of Plastics Y Molecular Makeup and Properties of Polymers Y High Polymers Y Classification Y

Polymerisation Y Condensation Polymerisation Y Addition polymerisation Y Difference between Additon and Condensation Polymerisation Y

Branching and Cross Linking in Free Radical Addition Polymerisation Y Copolymerisation Y Polymerisation Process Y Effect of Polymer

Structure on Properties Y Molecular Weight Y Plastic Deformation Physical State of Polymer Y Elastic Property Y Chemical Resistance Y

Solubility Y Intermolecular Forces in Monomers and Polymers Y Plastic Elastomers and Fibres Y Crystallinity of Polymers Y Isotactic Syndiotactic

and Atactic Polymers Y Crystallisability Y Structure Regularity and Crystallisability Y Effect of Crystallinity on the Properties of Polymer Y Optical

and Geometrical Isomerism Y Stereochemistry of Polymerisation Y Preparation of Stereoregular Polymers Y Co-ordination Polymerisation Y

Phase Systems for Polymerisation Y Mass or Bulk Polymerisation Y Solution Polymerisation Y Emulsion Polymerisation Y Bead Polymerisation

or Suspension Polymerisation Y Monomer Purification Y Moulding Constituents of Plastic Y Important Points Y Processing Techniques Y

Moulding of Plastics into Articles Y Callendering Y Casting Y Thermoforming Y Production of Polymers Ethenoid Plastics and Resins Y

Polyethylene or Polythene Y Polypropylene Y Polystyrene Y Polybutylene Y Polyisobutylene Y Polyarcylic Acid Y Polycarbonates Y Vinyl Resins

and Plastics Y Polyvinyl Acetate (PVA) Y Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Y Vinyl Chloride-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer Y Polyvinyl Carbonate Y Polyvinyl

Fluoride Y Cellulose Plastics and Resins Y Cellulose Esters Y Cellulose Acetate Y Cellulose Acetate Bytyrate Y Cellulose Ethers Y Ethyl Cellulose Y

Carboxy Methyl Cellulose (CMC) Y Acrylic Resins and Plastics Y Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Y Polyester Resins and Plastics Y Alkyd Resins

and Plastics Y Polytetrafluoro Ethylene (PTFE) Y Amino Resins and Plastics Y Urea Formation Resin Y Melamine Formaldehyde Resins Y

Application of Amino Resins Y Phenol Y Formaldehyde Resin and Plastics Y Bakalite Y Preparation of Resol Y Cast Phenolics Y Silicon Resins

and Plastics Y Different Types of Silicons and their Uses Y Epoxy Resins and Plastics Y Rubber Y Importance of Rubber Y Rubber Plants Y Types

of Rubber Y Chlorinated and Oxygenated Rubber Y Cyclo Rubber Y Latex Y Coagulation of Ruber Y Crude Natural Rubber Y Guttaparaha Y

Guayule Rubber Y Balata Y Refining of Crude Rubber Y Drawbacks of Raw Rubber Y Rubber Fabrication Y Vulcanisation Y Techniques of

Vulcanisation Y Properties of Vulcanised Rubber Y Physical Properties of Rubber Y Chemical Properties of Rubber Y Solvents for Natural Rubber

Y Classification of Rubber Y Synthetic Rubber Y Polyisoprene Rubber (Synthetic Natural Rubber) Y Lactoprene Y Buna-S or SBR Rubber Y

Manufacture Y Properties of SBR Rubber Y Neoprene (or GR-M) Rubber Y Properties of Neoprene Y Buna-N or GR-A or Nitrile Rubber Y

Properties of Buna-N Y Butyl Rubber Y Properties of Butyl Rubber Y Thiokol (Polysulphide Rubber) Y Properties of Thiokol Y Silicon Rubber Y

Properties of Silicon Rubber Y Polyurethane Rubber (Isocyanate Rubber) Y Properties of Urethane Rubber Y Spandax Y Reclaimed Rubber Y

Advantages of Reclaimed Rubber Y Properties of Reclaimed Rubber Y Sponge Rubber Y Foam Rubber Y Properties of Rubber Foam Y Laminates

Y Rubber Cement Y Thermocole Y Applications of Rubber Y Rubber Derivatives Y Ceramics Y What are Ceramics Y Subdivision of Ceramics Y

General Properties of Ceramics Y Permeable (Porous) and Impermeable (Non-porous) Wares Y Distinction between Permeable and

Impermeable Wares Y Classification based on Reduction in Porosity Y Basic Raw Materials Y Other Ingredients Y Manufacturing Process Y

Grinding of Raw Materials Y Mixing or Preparation of Bodies Y Body Preparation Using Clay in Plastic State Y Body Preparation Using Dry Clay

Y Body Preparation Using Clay Slip Y Filtering Y Kneading Y Jollying Y Slit Castings Y Pressing Y Extrusion Y Turning Y Drying Y Types of Dryers

Y Firing Y Glazing Y Frits Y Decoration Y Applications of Colours to Pottery Y Porcelain and China Y Raw Materials Y Manufacture Y Earthen

Wares and Stone Wares Y Questions Y Refractories Y What are Refractories Y Classification of Refractories Y Classification Based on

Refractoriness Y Properties of Refractories Y Manufacture of Refractories Y Fire Clay Bricks Y Manufacture Properties of Fire Clay Refractories Y

Uses of Fireclay Refractories Y High Alumina Refractories Y Properties of Bauxite Refractories Y Uses of High Alumina Bricks Y Silica Bricks Y

Properties of Silica Bricks Y Uses of Silica Bricks Y Sillimanite Refractories Y Properties of Sillimanite Bricks Y Uses of Sillimanite Refractories Y

Magnesite Refractories Y Properties of Magnesite Refractories Y Uses of Magnesite Refractories Y Forsterite Bricks Y Uses of Forsterite Bricks Y

Dolomite Bricks Y Properties of Dolomite Bricks Y Lime Refractories Y Chromite Bricks Y Properties of Chromite Bricks Y Uses of Chromite Bricks

Y Super Refractories Y Silicon Carbide or Carborundum Refractories Y Properties of Silicon Carbide Bricks Y Uses of Silicon Carbide Refractories

Y Carbon or Graphite Refractories Y Properties of Carbon Refractories Y Properties of Graphite Refractories Y Uses of Carbon and Graphite

Refractories Y Pure Oxide Refractories Y Ceramic Fibres Y Cermets Y Insulating Refractories Y Enamels Y Abrasives Y Kinds of Abrasives Y

Manufacture of Artificial Abrasives Y Silicon Carbide or Carborundum Y Uses Y Calcium Carbide Y Uses Y Alundum Y Uses Y Boron Carbide Y

Boron Nitride Y Synthetic Graphite Y Uses Y Uses of Abrasives Y Bonded Grinding Wheels Y Abrasive Paper and Abrasive Cloth Y Some Forms

of Industrial Carbon Y Protective or Metallic Coatings Y Coating Processes Y Hot Dipping Y Metal Clading Y Electrodeposition or

Electroplating Y Applications of Electroplating Y Factors Influencing the Nature of Deposit Preparation of Materials for Electroplating Y Factors

Influencing the Nature of Deposit Y Requirements of Deposting Solution (Electrolyte) Y Electrical Energy Required for Electrodeposition Y

Electroplating of Some Metals Y Displacement or Immersion Plating Y Impregnated Coating or Cementation Y Metal Spraying or Metallized

Coatings Y Vapour Deposition Y Chemical Conversion Coatings Y Organic Coating Y Paints and Pigments Y White Pigments Y White Lead Y

Manufacture Y Carter or Quick Process Y Electrolytic method, Modern chamber process Y Sublimed White Lead (Basic Sulphate) Y Physical

Properties of White Lead Y Characteristics of the Pigment Y Uses Y Zinc Oxide Y Manufacture Y The French Process Y American Process Y The

Electrothermic Process Y Calamine Method Y Physical Properties of Zinc Oxide Pigment Y Characteristics of the Pigment Y Uses Y Lithopone Y

Physical Properties of the Pigment Y Characteristics of the Paint Y Uses Y Titanium Dioxide Y Manufacture Y Modern Chlorine Method Y Physical

Properties of the Pigment Y Characteristics of the Pigment Y Uses Y Blue Pigments Y Ultramarine Blue Y Uses Y Cobalt Blues and Iron Blues Y

Uses Y Red Pigments Y Red Lead Y Characteristics of Red Lead Y Uses Y Synthetic Iron Oxide Pigment Y Green Pigments Y Chrome Green Y Uses

Y Guignets Green Y Reinmann’s Green Y Black Pigments Y Yellow Pigments Y Paints Y Classification of Paints Y Distempers Y Constituents of

54

Paint Y Manufacture of Paints Y Setting of the Paint Y Requirements of a Good Paint Y Importance of PVC Y Paint Failure Y Emulsion Paints Y

Constituents of Emulsion Paints Y Chemical Action of Emulsion Paint Y Latex Paints Y Luminscent Paints Y Fire Retardant Paints Y Heat Resistant Paints

Y Methods of Applying Paints Y Special Applications of Paints Y Varnishes Y Raw Materials Y Manufacture of Varnishes Y Japans Y Enamels or Gloss

Finisher Y Lacquers Y Portland Cement Y Other Types of Cement Y Sulphate Resistant Cement Y Higher Alumina Cement Y Water Proof

Cement Y Hydraulic Hydrated Lime Y Slag Cement Y Acid Resisting Cement Y Super Sulphate Cement Y White Cement Y Coloured Cement Y

Sorel’s Cement Y Pozzolan Cement Y Types of Portland Cement Y Raw Materials Y Cement Rock Benefication Y Manufacture Y Reactions in the

Kiln Y Mixing of Additives to the Cement Y Setting of Cement Y Functions of Compounds Y Properties of Cement Y Indian Standards Institute

(ISI) Specification of Cement Y Testing of Cement Y Uses Y Mortar and Concrete Y Curing of Concrete Y Decay of Concrete Y Gypsum Y Plaster

of Paris Y Lime Y Manufacture of Lime Y Properties of Lime Y Setting and Hardening of Lime Y Explosives Y Classification Y Deflagrading or

Low Explosives Y Characteristis of Explosives Y Requirements of Good Explosives Y Nitrocellulose Y PETN or Penithrit Y Dinitrobenzene Y

(DNB) Y Trinitrobenzene (TNB) Y Trinitrotoluene Y (TNT) Y Picric Acid Y Ammonium Picrate or Explosive D Y Nitroglycerine and Dynamite Y

Cordite Y Gunpowder or Black Powder Y RDX-or Cyclonite Y EDNA Y HMX Y Tetryl Y Pentryl Y Hexyl Y Lead Azide Y Dinol Y Tetracene Y

Incendiaries Y Pyrotechnics Y Metals and Metallurgy Y Principles of Metallurgy YCharacteristics of Metals Y Physical Properties of Metals Y

Sources of Elements Y Occurrence of Metals Y Slags and Fluxes Y Metals and Metalic Character Y Non-Metals Y Metalloids Y Classification of Ores Y

Metallurgy Y Furnaces Y Ore Dressing Y Physical Methods Y Chemical Methods Y Metals and Metallurgy Y Iron and Steel Y Occurrence Y Impurities in

Ores and their Effects Y Commercial Forms of Iron Y Allotropic Forms of Iron Y Properties of Iron Y Effect of Impurities on Properties of Cast Iron Y

Important Points Y Description of Blast Furnace Y Manufacture of Cast Iron or Pig Iron Y Blast Furnace Slag Y Modern Trends in Blast Furnace Practice Y

Properties of Cast Iron Y Varieties or Cast Iron Y Types of Castings Y Heat Treatment of Cast Iron Y Wrought Iron Y Manufacture Y Properties of Wrought

Iron Y Steel Y Manufacture Y Cementation Process Y Crucible process Y Bessember process Y Important Points Y L.D. process Y Open Hearth Process Y

Electric Furnace method Y Reactions Y Duplex process method Y Reactions Y Duplex Process Y Heat Treatment of Steel Y Vacuum Treatment of Steel

Y Classification of Steel Y Mechanical Treatment Y Extrusion Y Wire Drawing Y Steel Ingots and their Defects Y Effect of Impurties on Steel Y Copper Y

Occurrence Y Extraction Y Recovery of Au, Ag etc. from Anode Mud or Slime Y Properties Y Uses Y Alloys of Copper Y Nickel Y Occurrence Y Extraction

Y Extraction of Nickel from Garnierite Y Properties Y Nickel Alloys Y Nickel Plating Y Zinc Y Refining Y Electrolytic Method of Extraction Y Lead from Zinc

Ore Y Properties Y Uses Y Galvanising of Zinc Y Tin Y Occurrence Y Extraction Y Blast Furnace Smelting Y Properties Y Uses Y Tinning Y Tin Plating Y

Lead Y Occurence Y Extraction Y Wet Process for Extraction of Lead Y Properties Y Uses Y Gold Y Occurence Y Preliminary Treatment of Ore :

Extraction of Gold Y Extraction of Mineral Gold Y Refining of Gold Y Electro-refining Y Method Adopted at Kolar Gold Fields Y Purity of Gold Y

Properties of Gold Y Silver Y Occurence Y Extraction Y Refining Y Electrolytic Extraction Y Properties Y Uses Y Silvering of Mirror Y Miscellaneous

Metals : Aluminium Y History Y Occurrence Y Extraction Y Properties Y Uses Y Alloys of Aluminium Y Titanium Y History Y Occurence Y Extraction Y

Properties Y Uses Y Manganese Y Occurrence Y Exraction Y Properteis Y Uses Y Tungsten Y Occurrence Y Extraction Y Properties Y Uses Y

Molybdenum Y Occurrence Y Extraction Y Properties Y Uses Y Vaadium Y Extraction Y Alloys of Vanadium Y Properties Y Uses Y Chromium Y

Occurrence Y Extraction Y Properties Y Uses Y Thorium Y Occurrence Y Extraction Y Properties Y Uses Y Uranium Y Occurrence Y Extraction Y

Properties Y Uses Y Powder Metallurgy Y Advantages of Power Metallurgy Y Disadvantages and Limitations Y Manufacturing Process Y Applications of

Powder Metallurgy Y Advances in Powder Metallurgy Y Alloys Y Purpose of Making Alloys Y Throry of Alloys Y Types of Alloys Y Ferrous Alloys Y Alloys

Steels or Special Steels Y Light Alloys Y Cast Alloys Y Non-ferrous Alloys Y Copper Alloys Y Nickel Alloys Y Nickel Iron Alloys Y Nickel Chromium Alloys Y

Super Alloys Y Lead Alloys Y Bearing Alloys Y Low Melting Alloys Y Type Metal Y Platinoid Y Dye Casting Zinc Alloy Y Foaming and Shearing Alloys Y

Slush Casting Alloys Y Hard Alloys Y Modes of Formation of Alloys Y Preparation of Alloys Y Treatment of Alloys Y Corrosion Y Economic Aspects of

Corrosion Y Types of Corrosion Y Dry or Chemical Corrosion Y Wet or Electrochemical Corrosion Y Chemical Corrosion Y Chemical Corrosion Y Factors

Affection Chemical Corrosion Y Factors Promoting Corrosion Y Theories of Wet Corrosion Y Galvanic Corrosion Y Concentration Cell Corrosion Y

Atmospheric Corrosion Y Open Air Corrosion Y Under Water Corrosion Y Underground Corrosion or Soil Corrosion Y Different Types of Corrosion Y

General or Uniform Corrosion Y Pitting Corrosion Y Inter Granular Corrosion Y Waterline Corrosion Y Stress Corrosion Y Microbiological Corrosion Y

Erosion Corrosion Y Corrosion Fatigue Y Dezincification Y Corrosive Agents Y Corrosion of Boiler Units Y Prevention of Corrosion Y Methods Based on

Treatment of Metals Y Methods Based on Treatment of Medium Y Methods Based on External Influence Y Physical Chemistry Y Structure of Atom Y

Atoms and Molecules Y Dalton’s Atomic Theory Y Fundamental Particles Y The Electron Y Properties of Electron Y Properties of Cathode Rays Y The

Proton Y Properties of Proton Y The Neutron Y Thomson’s Model of Atom Y Discovery of Nucleus Y Rutherford Model of Atom Y Properties of Nucleus Y

Atomic Number and Mass Number Y Atomic Weight and Molecular Weight Y Objections of Rutherford’s Model of Atom Y Corpuscular Nature of Light Y

Electromagnetic Specturm Y Absorption Spectra Y Emission Spectra Y Bohr’s Method of Atom Y How Bohr’s Theory is an Improvement Over

Rutherford’s Model of Atom Y Bohr’s Model of Hydrogen Atom Y Spectral Intensities Y Advantages of Bohr’s Theory Y Limitation of Bohr’s Theory Y

Extension of Bohr’s Theory Y Dual Nature of Light Y Water Nature of Matter Y Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle Y Schrodinger’s Wave Equation Y

Quantum Numbers Y Quantum Numbers for Multi Electron Atoms Y Orbital Diagrams of Some Atoms Y Electron Shells and Subshells Y Bohr Burry

Scheme Y Pauli Exclusion Principle Y Probability Distribution of Electrons Round the Nucleus Y Energies of Atomic Orbitals Y The Aufbau Principle Y nl*

Rule Y Hund’s Rule of Maxium Multiplicity Y Electronic Configuration of Elements Y Periodic Properties Y Atomic Radius Y Ionisation Potential or

Ionisation Energy Y Factors Affecting Ionisation Potential Y Electron Affinity Y Electronegativity Y Periodicity in Electronegativity Y Applications of

Electronegativity Y Some Numerical Problems Y Short Answer Questions Y Chemical Bonding Y Chemical Bond Y Formation of Chemical Bond

55

Y Electronic Theory of Valency Y Electrovalent or Ionic Bond Y Energy Changes in the Formation of Ionic Bond Y Properties of Ionic Compounds Y Ions

and Atoms Y Lattice Energy and Ionic Crystals Y Crystal Structure of Ionic Compounds Y Variable Electrovalency Y Inert Pair Effect Y Covalent

Compounds Y Characteristics of Covalent Compounds Y Partial Ionic Character of Covalent Bond Y Co-ordinate or Dative Bond Y Characteristics of

Coordinate Compounds Y Exception to the Octet Rule Y Valency Bond Theory of Covalent Bond Y Types of Overlapping Y Hybridisation Y Geometry of

Covalent Molecules and Bond Angles Y The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory Y Variable Covalency Y Molecular Orbital Theory Y

Molecular Orbital Structures of Some Simple Molecules Y Inter Molecular Forces Y Bond Length Y Bond Strength or Bond Energy Y Bond Angle Y

Hydrogen Bonding Y Polarity of Molecules Y Dipole Moment Y Metallic Bond Y Phase Rule Y Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Systems Y Phase Y

Other Examples Y Component Y Degree of Freedom Y Phase Rule Y Advantages of Phase Rule Y Limitations of Phase Rule Y Phase Diagram Y One

Component Systems Y Water System Y Effect of Change of Temperature and Pressure on the Equilibrium Y Two Component Systems Y Solid Liquid

Equilibria Y Simple Eutectic Systems-Binary Alloys Y Lead Silver System Y Sodium Chloride Water System Y Potassium Iodide Water System Y The

Iron-Carbon System Y Chemical Kinetics Y Chemical Kinetics Y Conditions for the Reaction to Occur Y Rate or Reaction Y Order of Reaction Y

Molecularity Y Rate Determining Step Y Difference between Order and Molecularity of Reaction Y First Order Reactions Y Second Order

Reactions Y Third Order Reactions Y Methods of Determining the Order of Reaction Y Complications in the Determination of Order of Reaction

Complex Reactions Y Theory of Reaction Rates Y Factors Influencing the Rate of Reaction Y Arrhenius Equation Y Numerical Problems

Y Colloidal State Y What are Colloids Y Particle Size Y Classification of Colloids Y Difference between Colloidal Solution, True Solution and

Suspension Y Preparation Y Purification Y General Properties Y Stability of Colloidal Solutions Y Interaction between Hydrophobic and

Hydrophilic Colloids Y Coagulation Y Brownian Movement Y Emulsions Y Gels Y Colloidal Electrolytes Y Aerosols Y Importance and

Applications of Colloids Y Electrochemistry Y Electrochemistry Y Conductors and Non Conductors Y Arrhenius Theory of Ionisation Y Strong

and Weak Electrolytes Y Electrolysis or Electrolytic Dissociation Y Faraday’s Laws of Electrolysis Y Faraday Y Specific Resistance Y Electrical

Conductivity Y Molecular Conductivity Y Measurement of Conductivity Y Cell Constant Y Effect of Dilution on Conductivity Y Effect of

Temperature and Pressure on Conducivity Y Migration of Ions Y Transport Number Y Measurement of Transport Number Y Abnormal Transport

Number-Effect of Concentration on Transport Number Y Effect of Temperature on Transport Number Y Ostwald Dilution Law Y Debye Huckel

Theory of Strong Electrolytes Y Kohlrausch Law Y Applications of Kohlrausch Law Y Applications of Conductivity Measurements Y Acids and

Bases Y Arrhenius Concept Y Modified Arrhenius Theory Y Bronsted Lowry Concept Y Difference between Arrhenius and Bronsted Lowry

Theory Y Water as Solvent Y Autoprotolysis Y Acid and Base Strength Y Lewis Concept Y pH and Buffer Solutions Y Ionic Product of Water Y

pH Value Y Coulometric Determination of pH Y Common Ion Effect Y Importance of pH Value Y Buffer Solutions Y Buffers in the Body Y

Importance of Buffers Y Solubility Product Y Relation between Solubity and Soluility Product Y Applications of Solubility Product Principle Y

Electrochemical Cells Y Cell and Battery Y Galvanic Cell Y Electrocchemicals Cells Y Reversible and Irreversible Cells Y E.M.F. and its

Measurement Y Standard Cell Y Cell Reaction and EMF Y Relative Tendencies of Electrodes to Liberate Electrons Y Notation and Sign

Conventions Y Role of Salf Bridge Y Standard Electrode Potentials Y Single Electrode Potentials Y E.M.F. of Cells Y Ease of Oxidation and

Reduction Y Displacement of Metals Y Electrochemical Series Y Reaction of Metals with Acids Y Primary Reference Electrode-Standard

Hydrogen Electrode Y Secondary Reference Electrodes Y Potentiometric Determination of pH Y Advantages of Hydrogen Electrode Y

Disadvantages of Hydroge Electrode Y Advantages of Quinhydrogen Electrode Y Disadvantages of Hydrogen Electrode Y Advantages of Glass

Electrode Y Disadvantages of Glass Electrode Y Advantages of Antimony Electrode Y Disadvantages of Antimony Electrode Y Concentration

Cells Y Commercials Cells Y The Leclanche or Dry Cell Y The Lead Accumulator Y Polarisation Y Causes of Polarisation Y Explanation of

Polarisation Y Decomposition Voltage or Decomposition Potential Y Importance and Significane of Decomposition Potential Y Overvoltage Y

Importance of Over Voltage Y Salt Hydrolysis Y Degree of Hydrolysis Y Thermodynamics Y Thermodynamics Y Energy Y Units of Energy Y

Study of Thermodynamics Y System Y Cyclic Process Y State of System Y Properties of System Y Thermodynamic Equilibrium Y Types of

Processess Y Reversible and Irreversible Processes Y Internal Energy Y First Law of Thermodynamics Y Heat Capacity Y Work Done in Isothermal

and Reversible Expansion of an Ideal Gas Y Adiabatic Expansion of Ideal Gas Y Thermochemistry Y Heat of Reaction Y Heat of Reaction at

Constant Volume and Constant Pressure Y Variation of Heat of Reaction with Temperature Kirchoff’s Equation Y Application of Kirchoff's

Equation Y Heat of Combustion Y Heat of Formation Y Heat of Formation and Stability Y Standard Heat of Formation Y Heat of Neutralisation Y

Heat of Solution Y Laws of Thermochemistry Y Bond Energy Y Second Law of Thermodynamics Y Spontaneous Process Y Statement of Second

Law of Thermodynamics Y Entropy Y Significance of Entropy Y Free Energy Y Gibb’s Helmholtz Equation Y Applications Y Free Energy and

Criterion of Chemical Equilibrium Y Clausius Clapeyron Equation Y Solid State Y Solids Y Isotropy and Anisotropy Y Size and Shapes of

Crystals Y Types of Crystals or Solids Y Explanation of Some Metallic Properties Y Limitations of Electron Gas Model Y Difference between

Metallic and Covalent Bond Y X-ray and Internal Structure of Crystals Y Bragg’s Law Y Crystallography Y Structure of Crystals Y The Internal

Structure of Crystals Y Calculation of Ionic Radii Y Radius Ratio in Ionic Crystals Y Atomic Radius of a Cubic Lattice Y Atomic Packing of a Cubic

Lattice Y Interstitial Voids Y Hexagonal and Close Packing Y Liquid Crystals Y Isomorphism and Polymorphism Y Crystal Defects Y Defets in

Stoichiometric Solids Y Defects in Non-stoichiomeric Compounds Y Inorganic Chemistry Y Periodic Classification of Elements Y Periodeic

Classification of Elements Y Main Features of Mendeleev Table Y Defect of Mendeleev Table Y Mosley’s Contribution Y Long from of Periodic Table

Periodic Table Y Periods Y Typical Elements Y Bridge Elements Y Classification of Elements in Terms of s, p, d, f-block Elements Y Characteristics of

s-block Elements Y Characteristics of p-block elements Y Characteristics of d-block Elements Y Characteristics of f-block Elements Y s-Block Elements

56

Y Elements of Group IA (Alkali Metals) Y Physical State Y Metallic Character Y Atomic Volume, Atomic Radii and Ionic Radii Y Density Y Melting and

Boiling Points Y Ionisation Energy Y Formation of Univalent Positive Ions and Oxidation States Y Electronegativity Y Photoelectric Effect Y Hydration of

Ions Y Characteristic Flame Colouration Y Standard Oxidation Potential Y Specific Heat Y Lattice Energy Y General Chemical Properties of Alkali Metals

Y Abnormal Behaviour of Lithium Y Extraction of Alkali Metals Y Elements of Group IIA (Alkaline Earth Metals) Y Metallic Character Y Electropositive

Character Y Density Y Melting and Boiling Points Y Atomic Volume, Atomic Radii and Ionic Radii Y Colour and Magnetic Properties Y Oxidation State Y

Ionisation Energies Y Electronegetivity Y Reducing Property Y Hydration Energy Y Flame Colouration Y Heat of Automisation Y Abudance in Nature Y

Properties of Alkaline Earth Metals Y Anomalous Behaviour of Berillium Y Extraction of Alkaline Earth Metals Y p-Block Elements Y III Group Elements

Y General Characteristics of III Group Elements Y Chemical Properties Y Comparison of Boron and Aluminium Y Digonal Relationship of Boron with

Silicon Y Compounds of III A Group Elements Y Boron Y Occurrence Y Extraction Y Properties Y Boron Hydrates or Boranes Y General Properteis of

Boron Hydrides Y Nature of Bonds in Diborane Y Borazine or Borazole YPreparation Y Properties Y Structure Y Elements of Group IV A Y Electronic

Configuration Y General Characteristics of IV Group Elements Y Comparison of Carbon and Silicon Y Compounds of IV A Group Elements Y Silicon Y

Silicanes Y Silica or Silicon Dioxide Y Silicates Y Some Important Silicates Y Classification of Silicates Y Silicones & Siloxanes Y Graphite & Diamond

Y Elements of Group V A Y Electronic Configuration Y General Characteristics Y Compounds of VA Group Elements Y Anomalous Behaviour of Nitrogen

Y Phosphorus Y Allotropic Forms of Phosphorus Y Elements of Group VIA Y General Characteristics Y Compounds of Group VIA Elements Y Abnormal

Behavour of Oxygen Y Elements of Group VIIA Y Electronic Configuration Y General Characteristics of Halogens Y General Chemical Properties of

Halogens Y Abnormal Behaviour of Fluorine Y d-Block Elements (Transition Elements) Y VIII Group Elements Y Transition Elements (d-block

Elements) Y Electronic Configuration Y General Properties of Transition Elements Y Elements of Group IB (Coinage or Noble Metals) Y Comparison of

Group IA (Alkali Metals) and Group IB (Coinage Metal) Y General Properties Y Elements of Group IIB Y Occurrence Y Anomalous Behaviour of Hg Y

Elements of Group Zero Y Rare Inert or Noble Gases Y Electronic Configuration Y Position in the Periodic Table Y Occurrence Y Isolation of Rare

Gases Y Physical Properties Y Uses of Inert Gases Y Compounds of Inert Gases Y Clatherate Compounds Y Co-ordination Compounds Y Complex

Ions and Complex Compunds Y Warner’s Co-ordination Theory Y Ability of Cations to Form Complexes Y Ligands Y Stability of Complexes Y

Preparation of Complex Compounds Y Nomenclature Y Structure of Complex Compounds Y Cationic, Anionic and Neutral Complexes Y Inert and

Labile Complexes Y Ionisation Isomerism Y Linkage Isomerism Y Geometrical Isomerism Y Optical Isomerism Y Hydrate Isomerism Y Co-ordination

Isomerism Y Polymerisation Isomerism Y Salt Isomerism Y Detection of Complex Formation Y Inner and Outer Complexes Y Electronic Structure of

Complex Ions Y Crystal Field Theory Y Stereoisomerism Y Organic Chemistry Y Isomerism Y Isomerism Y Types of Isomerism Y Characteristics of

Tautomeric Change Y Types of Stereoisomerism Y Geometerical Isomerism Y Optical Isomerism Y Conditions for Optical Activity Y Optical Isomerism in

Compounds Containing One Asymmetric Carbon Atom Y Optical Isomerism of Lactic Acid (CH3CHOHCOOH) Y Optical Isomerism of Compounds

Containing two Similar Asymmetric Carbon Atoms (Diastereoisomerism) Y Optical Isomerism of Tartaric Acid Y Walden Inversions Y Resolution of

Recemic Modifications Y Methods of Resolution Y Recemic Modification or Recemisation Y Conformational Analysis Y Conformation of Alkanes Y

Difference between Conformation and Configuration Y Methods of Representing a Conformation Y Conformation of Ethane Y Electronic Effects Y

Types of Organic Reactions Y Carbon Ion Y Formation of Carbonium Ions Y Types of Carboniumions Y Stability of Carbonium Ions Y Reactions of

Carbonium Ions Y Carbonions Y Formation of Carbonions Y Stability of Carbonions Y Reactions of Carbonions Y Free Radicals Y Stability of Free

Radicals Y Carbenes Y Influence of Electronic and Steric Effects on Reactivity of Organic Molecules Y Inductive Effects Y Acidity and Basicity Y Resonance

Y Resonance Theory Y Important Freatures of Resonance Y Mesomeric Effect Y Electromeric Effect Y Steric Effect Y Hyperconjugation Y Types of

Ragents Y Aromaticity (Aromatic Character) Y How do they Huckel Rule Y Reaction Mechanism Y Types of Reactions Y Substitution or Displacement

Reactions Y Mechanism of Substitution Reactions Y S N1 Mechanism Y Relative Reactivities of Alkalyl Halides Y Alkaline Hydrolysis of Tertiary Butyl

Bromide-SN2 Mechanism Y Relative Reactivities of Alkaline of Alkayl Halides Y Difference between S

N1 and SN2 Mechanism Y General Mechanism of

Electrophilic Subsitution Y Mechanism Y Additon Reaction Y Mechanism of Electrophilic Addition Reactions Y Elimination Reactions Y Mechanism of

Elimination Reactions Y Rearrangement Reactions Y Biochemistry of Chlorophyll, Hemoglobin and Vitamin B12 Y Porphyrins Y Chlorophyll Y

Haemoglobin Y Vitamin B12 Y Occurrence Y Isolation Y Absorption and Storage Y Secretion Y Disease Caused by Deficiency Y Requirements Y

Environmental Pollution Y Environmental Pollution Y What is Pollution Y Pollutant Y Classification of Pollutants Y Types of Pollution Y Air

Pollution Y What is Air Pollution Y Composition of Air Y Major Sources of Air Pollution Y Other Sources of Air Pollutants and Particulate Matter Y

Emissions of Major Industrial Air Pollutants Y Occupation Hazards Y Classification and Effect of Air Pollutants Y Gaseous Pollutants Y Effects of Air

Pollution on Weather, Climate and Atmospheric Processes Y Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) as Pollutants Y Reaction of NOX in the Atmosphere Y Sources of

NOX Pollution Y Effects of Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) Y Control of NOX Pollution Y Sulphur Compounds as Pollutants Y Reaction of SO2 in the

Atmosphere Y Effects of SO2 Y Effects of Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) and Organic Sulphides Y Sources of H2S Y Control of SOX Pollution Y Reduction of

Concentration of SO2 Y Oxides of Carbon as Pollutants Y Sources of CO Pollution Y Effect of CO Pollutant Y CO Poisoning Remedies Y Control of CO

Pollution Through Law Y Effects of CO2 Y Hydrocarbons as Pollutants Y Reactions of Hydrocarbons Y Formation of Photochemical Oxidants Y Effects of

Hydrocarbons Y Control of Hydrocarbons Y Particulate Pollutants Y Fly Ash Y Sources of Particulates Y Physical Methods Involved in Particulate

Formation Y Formation of Inorganic Particulate Matter Y Organic Particulate Matter Y Effects of Particulate Pollutants Y Control of Particuflate Emissions

Y Vehicular Pollution Y Automobile Emissions Y Prevention and Control of Vehicular Pollution Y Other Measures to Control Vehicular Pollution Y

Government Efforts to Control Vehicular Pollution Y Green House Effect Y How the Green House Effect is Produced Y Major Sources of Green House

Gases Y Consequences of Green House Effect Y Control and Remedial Measures of Green House Effect Y Chlorofluorocarbons Y What are

Chloroflotocarbons Y Cause of Ozone Depletion Y Peeling of Ozone Umbrella by Chlorofluoro-carbons Y The Upper Atmosphere Y Formation of Ozone

57

and Mechanism of Ozone Depletion Y Effects of Chlorofluoro Carbons Y Search for Alternative Technology and Substitute Chemicals Y Important Points

Y Ozone Layer-The Earth’s Protective Umbrella Y Creation of Ozone Layer Y Formation of Ozone Y Effects of Ozone Depletion Y Important Points Y

Smog. Y Sulphurous or London Smog Y Photochemical Smog or Los Angles Smog. Y Main Components of Photochemical Smog. Y Chemical Reaction

Involved in Photochemical Smog. Y Reaction of Organic Oxidants with no During Smog Formation Y Effects of Photochemical Oxidants on Humans Y

Effects of Photochemical Oxidants on Plants Y Effects of Photochemical Oxidants on Materials Y Control of Photochemical Pollutants Y Acid Rain Y What

is Acid Rain Y Where does the Acid Come From Y How Acid Rain is Formed Y Theory of Acid Rain Y Adverse Effects of Acid Rains Y Control of Acid Rain

Y Prevention and Control of Air Pollution Y Control of Air Pollution by Fuel Selection and Utiliation Y Control of Air Pollution by Process Modification or

Equipment Y Control of Air Pollution by Site Slection and Zoning Y General Methods of Air Pollution Control Y Zoning Y Air Pollution Control at Sourcen

Y Controlling Air Pollution by Devices Y Air Pollution Control by Stacks Y Air Pollution Control by Planging Trees and Growing Vegetation Y Water

Pollution Y Definitions of Water Pollution Y Types of Water Pollution Y Physical Pollution of Water Y Chemical Pollution of Water Y Biological Pollution

of Water Y Physiological Pollution of Water Y Forms of Water Pollution Y Ground Water Pollution Y Protecting Ground Water from Pollution Y Surface

Water Pollution Y Factors Affecting Surface Water Y Sources of Surface Water Pollution Y Lake Water Pollution Y Sources of Pollutants in Lake Water Y

How Excess Nutrients Can Kill a Lake Y Sources of Pollutants in Lake Y River Water Pollution Y Sea Water Pollution Y What is Marine Pollution Y Effects

of Oil Pollution in Marine Water Y Physical Effects of Oil in Water Y Effects of Oil Pollution on Marine Ecosystem Y Effects of Oil Pollution on Man Y Effects

of Oil Pollution on Birds Y Sources of Water Pollution Y Sewage and Domestic Wastes Y Harmful Effects of Sewage and Domestic Wastes Y Industrial

Effluents Y Harmful Effects of Industrial Pollutants Y Agricultural Discharges Y Fertilizers Y Effects of Fertilizers Y Detergents Y Toxic Metals Y Siltation Y

Thermal Pollutants Y Effects of Thermal Pollution Y Radioactive Materials in Water Y Effects of Radioactive Pollutants Y Classification of Pollution Y

Radioactive Materials in Water Y Effects of Radioactive Pollutants Y Classification of Water Pollutants Y Inorganic Pollutants and Toxic Metals Y Toxic

Metals Y Detrimental Effects of Inorganic Pollutants Y Detrimental Effects of Trace Metals Y Organic Pollutants Y Effects of Organic Pollutants Y

Detrimental Effects of Trace Metals Y Organic Pollutants Y Effects of Organic Pollutants Y Sediments Y Deterimental Effects of Sediments Y Synthetic

Detergents Y Detrimental Effects of Detergents Y Oxygen Demanding Wastes Y Disease Causing Agents Y Effects of Pathogens Y Radioactive Pollutants Y

Effects of Radioactive Pollutants in Water Y Plant nutrients Y Thermal Pollutants in Water Y Effects of Thermal Pollution on Aquatic Ecosystem Y

Biological Pollutants Y Effects of Primary Pollutants Y Effects of Corollary Pollutants Y Pesticide Pollutants Y Effects of Primary Pollutants Y Effects of

Corollary Pollutants Y Pesticide Pollutants Y Sources of Pesticidal Pollutants in Water Y Biodegradation of Pesticides Y Gaseous Pollutants Y Farm Wastes

Y Fertilizers Y Suspended Matters Y Auto-exhaust as Water Pollutant Y Approaches to Prevent and Control Water Pollution Y Water Pollution Control Act

Y For Water Pollution Control Y Soil Pollution Y Sources of Soil Pollution Y Determental Effects of Soil Pollution Y Effects of Industrial Pollutants Y

Effects of Carbon Waste Products Y Effects of Radioactive Pollutants Y Effects of Modern Agro-technology Y Effects of Pesticides Y Diseases Caused by

Soil Pollution Y Control of Soil Pollution Y Remedical Measures for Soil Pollution Y Thermal Pollution Y What is Thermal Pollution ? Y Sources of

Thermal Pollution Y Effects of Thermal Pollution Y Control of Thermal Pollution Y Precautions Taken While Selecting a Site for Thermal Power Station Y

Prevention of Thermal Pollution Y Noise Pollution Y What is Noise ? Y Sources of Noise Pollution Y Characteristics of Sound Y Measurement of Noise

Unit of Sound Y Types of Noise Y Air Pollution and Noise Pollution Y Important Points Y Effects of Noise Pollution Y Prevention and Control of Noise

Pollution Y Noise Pollution Control in India.

Y Chem i cal Bond ing Y Quantum Theory of Chemical Bonding Y Valence Bond Theory Y Molecular Orbital Theory Y Band Theory of Solids Y

Hydrogen Bonding Y Liq uid Crys tals & Sol ids Y Liquid Crystals Y Solids Y Graphite Y Fullerenes Y Poly mers and Organometallics Y Polymers Y

Organometallics Y Re ac tion Mech a nism and Or ganic Re ac tions Y Applications and Mechanism of Chemical Reactions Y Classification of Reagents

Y Electronic Displacements in Organic Molecules Y Reaction Intermediates Y Types of Organic Reactions Y Elimination Reactions Y Addition

Reactions Y Mechanism of Reactions Y Stereoisomerism Y Optical Isomerism Y Geometrical Isomerism Y Conformation Isomerism Y Ce ments and

Ce ram ics Y Cement Y Ceramics or Plaster of Paris Y Cor ro sion Y Cause of Corrosion Y Types of Corrosion Y Modified Electrochemical Theory of

Corrosion Y Different Forms of Corrosion Y Protection from Corrosion Y Lu bri cants Y Characteristics of Good Lubricant Y Purposes of the Lubricant Y

Types of Lubricants Y Properties of Lubricants Y Selection of Lubricants Y Wa ter Y Hardness of Water Y Types of Hardness Y Disadvantages of Hard

Water Y Degree of Hardness Y Units of Hardness Y Estimation of Hardness Y Alkalinity Y Boiler Feed Water Y Softening of Water Y Phase Rule Y Phase

Y Component Y Degree of Freedom (or Variance) Y Application of Phase Rule to One-component System Y Applications of Phase Rule Y Advantages of

Phase Rule Y Limitations of Phase Rule Y Fu els Y Classification of Fuel Y Properties of Good Fuel Y Gross and Net Calorific Value Y Coal Y Bio-gas Y

Biomass Y Octane Number Y Cetane Number Y Chem i cal Ki net ics Y Reaction Rate Y Rate Law Y Order of Reaction Y Molecularity Y Pseudo-order

Reactions Y Zero Order Reaction Y First Order Reaction Y Second Order Reaction Y Third Order Reaction Y Collision Theory of Reaction Rate Y

Activation Energy and Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rate Y Arrhenius Equation Y Elec tro chem is try Y Electrode Potential Y Electrochemical Cell

Y Concentration Cell Y Electrochemical Series Y Fuel Cells Y Chro ma tog ra phy Y Classification of Chromatography Method Y Chromatography Terms

58

–Prof. (Dr.) Shradha Sinha, Prof. (Dr.) Sudha Jain819–01 Advanced Engineering Chemistry

Y Paper Chromatography Y Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) Y Column Chromatography Y In stru men ta tion Y Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy

Y Infrared Spectroscopy Y Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Y Mass Spectroscopy Y Titrimetric Anal y sis Y Acid-Base Titration or

Neutralisation Reactions or Acidimetry and Alkalimetry Titration Y Oxidation-Reduction Titrations Y Complexometric Titration Y Precipitation Titration.

Section A: Y Chem i cal Bond ing Y Ionic or Electrovalent Bond Y Covalent Bond Y Coordinate Bond Y Molecular Orbital Theory Y Theories of Bonding

in Metals Y Hydrogen Bonding Y Hybridization Y States of Mat ter Y Types of Solids Y Types of Symmetry in Cubic Crystals Y Types of Unit Cells Y

Structures of Simple Ionic Compounds Y Bragg's Equation Y Diamond Y Graphite Y Fullerenes Y Liquid Crystaline State Y Struc tural Con cepts of

Organics Y Electronic Effect Y Homolytic and Heterolytic Bond Fission Y Type of Reagents Y Reaction Intermediates Y Types of Organic Reactions Y Name

Reactions Y Mech a nis tic Con cepts of Organics Y Structural Isomerism Y Stereoisomerism Y Optical Isomerism Y GeometricaI Isomerism Y

Conformational Isomerism Y Re ac tion Ki net ics Y Rate of Reaction Y Rate Equation (Rate Law) Y Factors Affecting the Rate of a Reaction Y Order of

Reaction Y Molecularity of a Reaction Y Collision Theory (Energy and Orientation Barriers to Reactions) Y Concept of Activation Energy Y Arrhenius

Equation Y Elec tro chem is try Y Conductance Y Transport No Y Kohlrausch’s Law Y pH and Buffer Solutions Y pH Value Y Buffer Solution Y Solubility

Product Y Redox Reactions Y Electrode Potential Y Standard Electrode Potential (E°) Y Standard EMF of a Cell (E° Cell) Y Electro-Chemical Series Y

Electrochemical Cells Y Concentration Cells Y Liquid Junction Potential Y The Dis tri bu tion Law Y Nernst Distribution Law Y Applications of Distribution

Law Y Cor ro sion Y Types of Corrosion Y Passivity Y Different Forms of Corrosion Y Prevention of Corrosion or Corrosion Control Y Wa ter Y Sources of

Water Y Hardness of Water Y Estimation of Hardness Y Boiler Feed Waters Y Scale and Sludge Formation in Boilers Y Caustic Embrittlement Y Boiler

Corrosion Y Priming and Foaming Y Desalination of Brackish Water Y Treatment of Water Y Poly mers and Organometallics Y Nomenclature Y

Characteristics Y Classification of Polymers Y Types of Polymerisation Y Mechanism of Addition Polymerisation Y Types of Polymerization Techniques Y

Some Important Polymers Y Molecular Weight of Polymers Y Ion Exchange Resins Y Conductive Polymers Y Biodegradable Polymers Y Types of Glasses Y

Refractories Y Nano Composites Y Protective Coatings Y Alloys Y Organometallic Compounds Y Fu els Y Characteristics of a Good Fuel Y Classification of

Fuels Y Coal Y Bio-gas Y Bio-mass Y Solar Energy Y Calorific Value of a Fuel Y Gross and Net Calorific Value Y Determination of Calorific Value Using

Bomb Calorimeter Y Esterification Y Transesterification Y Introduction of Lubricants Y Classification of Lubricant Y Biolubricant Y Flash and Fire Point Y

Pour Point Y Cloud Point Y Aniline Point Y Viscosity Index Y Titrimetric Anal y sis Y Standard Solutions Y Equivalents, Normalities and Oxidation

Numbers Y Acid Base Titrations and Indicators Y Redox Titrations and Indicators Y Complexation Titrations and Indicators Y Metal ion Indicators Y

In stru men ta tion Y Spectroscopy Y Electromagnetic Radiation Y Classification of Spectra Y Spectrophotometer Y Infrared Spectroscopy Y Ultraviolet

Spectroscopy Y Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy, Sec tion B: Y Prac ti cals Y Ap pen dix.

Y En vi ron men tal Stud ies Y Definition Y Scope Y Importance Y Need for Public Awareness Y Nat u ral Re sources Y Classification Y Natural

Resources and Associated Problem Y Forest Resources Y Water Resources Y Mineral Resources Y Food Resorces Y Energy Resources Y Land

Resources Y Equitable Use of Resources for in Stainable Life Cycle Y Role of an Individual in conservation of Resources Y Eco sys tem Y Concept

of an Ecosystem Y Structure and Function an Ecosystem Y Producers, Consumers and Decomposers Y Biogeochemical Cycles Y Types of

Eco sys tem Y Forest Ecosystem Y Grassland Ecosystem Y Desert Ecosystem Y Aquatic Ecosystem Y Biodiversity Y Definitions Y

Biogeographical Classification of India Y Economiucal Role of Biodicersity/Value of Biodiversity Y Global Biodiversity Y Biodiversity at National Level Y

Regional or Local Biodiversity Y India as a Mega-Diversity Nation Y Hot-Spots of Biodiversity Y Threats to Biodiversity Y Reasons for Exinction of

Biodiversity Y Endangered Species of India Y Endemic Species of India Y Con ser va tion of Biodiversity Y Conservation Methods Y En vi ron men tal

Pol lu tion Y Definition Y Types of Pollution Y Air Pollution Y Water Pollution Y Soil Pollution Y Marine Pollution Y Noise Pollution Y Thermal Pollution Y

Nuclear Hazards Y Solid Waste Y Role of an Individual in Prevention of Pollution Y Pollution Case Studies Y Law Re lated to En vi ron men tal

Pro tec tion Y Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 Y Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 Y The En vi ron men tal Act

Y Environment (Protection) Act 1986 Y The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 Y Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling),

Rules, 1989 Y The Hazardous Micro-organisms rules Y Biomedical Waste Rules, 1988.

59

–Dr. R.K. Agarwal590–11 (B) Engineering Chemistry (UK)

Chemistry for Pharmacy Students

–R.K. Agarwal & V.K. Sangal299–03 Environment and Ecology (B.P.)

Section A: Y Struc ture of the Atom Y Electronic Theory of Valency Y Inductive Effect Y Resonance or Mesomerism Y Hydrogen Bond Y Atomic

Orbitals Y Molecular Orbitals Y Intermolecular Forces Y Bond Dissociation Energy Y Polarity of Bonds Y Polarity of Molecules Y Structure and Physical

Properties Y Classification of Organic Compounds Y Nomenclature of Organic Compounds Y Isomerism Y Types of Isomerism Y Specification of

Configuration Y Stereospecific and Stereoselective Reactions Y Al kanes Y Dienes Y Alkynes Y Cycloalkanes Y Alkyl Halides Y Alcohols Y Ar o matic

Com pounds Y Nomenclature of Aromatic Y Structure of Benzene Y Methods of Formation of Benzene Y Physical Properties of Benzene Y Chemical

Reactions of Benzene Y Aromaticity (Aromatic Character) Y Orientation of Aromatic Substitution Y Activity Effect Y Theory of Orientation Y Arenes Y

Xylenes Y Amines (Aliphatic) Y Aromatic Amines Y Phenols Y Aryl Halides Y Aldehydes and Ketones Y Nomenclature Y Structure of Carbonyl Group

Y General Methods of Preparation Y Physical Properties Y Chemical Properties Y Aromatic Aldehydes Y Aromatic Ketones Y Carboxylic Acids Y Organo

Metallic Compounds Y Malonic Ester Syntheses Y Aceto Acetic Ester (Ethyl Aceto Acetate) Syntheses Y α : β Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds Y

Electrocyclic Reactions Y Sigmatropic Reactions Y Neighbouring Group Effect Y Catalysis by Transition Metal Complexes Y

Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley Reduction Y Oppenauer Oxidation Y Beckmann Rearrangement Y The Hofmann Rearrangement (Hofmann

Degradation of Amides) Y Mannich Reaction Y The Diels-Alder Reaction Y Michael Reaction (Michael Addition or Michael Condensation) Y Reformatsky

Reaction Y Knoevenagel Reaction Y Cannizzaro Reaction Y Aldol Condensation Y Benzoin Condensation Y Sec tion B : Y Prac ti cals Y Ap pen dix.

Y α, β-Un sat u rated Car bonyl Com pounds Y Preparation Y Ac tive Meth y lene Com pounds Y Malonic Ester or Ethyl Malonate, H C(COOC H )2 2 5 2

Y Acetoacetic Ester: Ethylacetoacetate (EAA) CH COCH COOC H )3 2 2 5 Y Polynuclear Hy dro car bons Y Naphthalene Y Anthracene Y

Phenanthrene Y Carcinogenic Hydrocarbons And Carcinogensis Y Structure Activity Relation of Carcinogenic Hydrocarbons Y Heterocyclic

Com pounds Y Classification and Nomenclature Y Pyrrole Y Furan or Furfuran Y Thiophene Y Pyrazoles Y Imidazole Y Thiazole Y Indole Y

Benzimidazole Y Phenothiazines Y Pyridine ( )C H N5 5 Y Pyrimidine Y Name Re ac tions Y Merwin-Pondorff, Verley Re duc tion Y Oppenauer Oxidation

Y Beckmann Rearrangement Y Mannich Reaction Y Diel's Alder Reaction Y Michael Reaction Y Reformatsky Reaction Y Knoevenagel Reaction Y

Benzoin Condensation Y Car bo hy drates Y Classification Y Monosaccharides Y Fructose (Laevulose) C H O6 12 6 Y Sucrose (cane sugar or Beet sugar)

C H O12 22 11 Y Actose (Milk Sugar) C H O12 22 11 Y Maltose (Malt Sugar) C H O12 22 11 Y Starch (Amylum) (C H O )6 10 n5 Y Amino Ac ids and Pro teins

Y Amino Acids Y Nomenclature Y Synthesis of Amino Acid Y Physical Properties Y Chemical Properties Y Peptides Y Proteins Y Conjugated Protein Y

Properties Y Analysis or Testiong of Proteins Y Structure of Proteins Y Nu cleic Acid Y Structure Y Fixed and Volatile Oil Y Waxes Y Poly mers and

Poly mer iza tion Y Characteristics Y Classification of Polymers Y Mechanism of Addition Polymerization Y Co-ordination Polymerization or Ziegler Natta

Polymerization Y Condensation Polymerisation Y Some Important Polymers.

Y Prin ci ples of Drug De sign Y Traditional Analogues Y Introduction to QSAR Y Mechanism-Based Approaches Y Computer Aided Drug Design

(CADD) Y Molecular Modelling Y Anti-Arrhythmic Agents Y Classification Y Examples of Anti-arrhythmic Drugs Y Anti-anginal Agents and

Vaso di la tors Y Classification Y Anti-hypertensives Agents Y Classification Y An ti co ag u lants Y An ti co ag u lants Y Classification of Anticoagulants

Y Cardiotonic Agents Y Classification Y Anti-hyperlipidemic Agents Y Hyprocholesteromic Drugs Y Classification Y Antihistaminics Agents (H

1 & H2 An tag o nists) Y Classification Y Anti-neo plas tic Agents Y Classification of Anti-neo plas tic Agents Y Alkylating Agents Y Anti-Metabolites Y

Natural Products (Plant Products) Y Antitumour Antibiotics Y Hormones Y Miscellaneous Drugs Y Immuno Therapy Y An al ge sics & Anti-pyretics Y

Salicylic Acid Analogues Y Aniline and p-aminophenol Analogues Y Arylalkanoic Acid Derivatives Y Pyrazolone and Pyrazolidinediones Y

N-Arylanthranilic Acid Analogues (Fenamates) Y Antibacterials (Sulphonamides) Y Nomenclature Y Classification of Sulphonamides Y Mechanism

of Action Y General Method of Synthesis Y Uses of Sulphonamides Y Adverse Effects of Sulphonamides Y Examples of Sulpha Drugs Y Structure Activity

Relationship (SAR) of Sulphonamides Y Trimethoprim-Sulphonamide Combination Y Nalidixic Acid (Urinary-Tract antiseptic) Y Di uret ics Y Osmotic

Diuretics Y Carbonic Anhydrase (CA) Inhibitors: (Site-1 Diuretics) Y Thiazide and Thiazide like Diuretics (Site-III Diuretics) Y High-Ceiling or Loop

Diuretics Y Potassium Sparing (Anti-Kaliuretic) Agents Y Mercurial Diuretics Y Xanthine Diuretics Y Di ag nos tic Aids Y Radiopaque Agents

(Radiographic Contrast Media) Y Diagnostic Chemicals Y Diagnostic Drugs.

60

–Dr. M.P. Saluja656–01 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-II

–Dr. R.K. Agarwal, Dr. Kiran Bajaj575–02 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-III (Organic Chemistry-II)

–Anu Chaudhary570–01 Pharmaceutical Chemistry-VI (Medicinal Chemistry-II)

Y In tro duc tion of Quan ti ta tive Anal y sis Y Quantitative vs. Qualitative Y Significance if Quantitative Analysis Y Different Techniques of Analysis Y

Preliminary and Definitions Y Errors Y Accuracy and Precision Y Significance Figures Y Rule for Measurement of Significant Figures Y Fundamental of

Volumetric Analysis Y Methods for Expressing Concentration Y Primary and Secondary Standard Y Acid Base Ti tra tions Y Acid Base Concepts Y Role

of Solvent Y Strength of Acid and Base Y Law of Mass Action Y Common Ion Effect Y Solubility Product Y Ionic Product of Water Y pH Value Y Salt

Hydrolysis Y Hydrolysis Constant and Degree of hydrolysis Y Pharmaceutical Application of Salt Hydrolysis Y Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation Y Buffer

Solution Y Buffer Capacity Y Neutralization Curve Y Acid Base Indicator Y Theory of Indicators Y Theory of Indicators Y Mixed Idnicators Y Universal

Indicator Y Polyprotic System Y Ox i da tion Re duc tion Ti tra tion Y Redox Reaction Y Strength of Redox Reaction Y Theory of Redox Titration Y Redox

Indicator Y Oxidation Reduction Curves Y Iodimetry and Ipdpmetry Y Titration Involving Ceric Sulphate Y Titration Involving Potassium Iodate Y

Titration Involving Potassium Bromate Y Titration Involving Potassium Permangante Y Pre cip i ta tion Ti tra tions Y Principle of Precipitation Titration Y

Solubility Product Y Factors Affecting Solubility of Precipitate Y Argenotometric Titration Y Titration Involving Mercuric Nitrate or Mircurometric Titration

Y Gravimetry Analysis Y Apparatus Y Conditions for Precipitations Y Organic Precipitants Y Some Important Organic Precipitants Y Estimation of

Barium Sulphate Y Estimation of Calcium as Calcium Oxilate.

Y Atomic Struc ture Y Ba sic Con cept of Atomic Struc ture Y Dal ton's Atomic The ory Y Cath ode Rays & Dis cov ery of Elec tron Y An ode Rays and

Dis cov ery of Pro ton Y Dis cov ery of Neu tron Y Atomic Mod els Y Rutherford's Gold Foil Scat ter ing Ex per i ment Y Rutherford's Model of the Atom Y Bohr's

Model of the Atom Y Atomic Num ber (Z) Y Mass Num ber or Atomic Mass(A) Y Iso topes Y Ar range ment of Elec trons in an Atom (Bohr-Bury Scheme)

Y Planck's Quan tum The ory Y Dual Na ture of Mat ter Y Heisenberg's Un cer tainty Prin ci ple Y Mod ern Con cept of Ar range ment of Elec trons or Quan tum

Me chan i cal Model of Atom or Or bital Con cept Y Quan tum Num bers Y Fill ing of Orbitals in At oms Y Aufbau Prin ci ple Y Pauli's Ex clu sion Prin ci ple

Y Hund's Rule of Max i mum Mul ti plic ity Y Elec tronic Con fig u ra tions of Some At oms Y Ex cep tional Con fig u ra tion of Chro mium and Cop per

Y Schrodinger Wave Equa tion Y Chem i cal Bond ing Y In ert ness of No ble Gases Y Va lency Y Types of Chem i cal Bonds Y Electronegativity and Po lar

Co va lent Bond Y Co or di nate Bond (or Da tive or Semi polar Bond) Y Hy dro gen Bond ing Y Me tal lic Bond (Elec tron Sea The ory) Y Bond ing Pa ram e ters

Y Over lap ping of Atomic Orbitals (Sigma & Pi Bonds) Y Va lence Shell Elec tron Pair Re pul sion The ory (VSEPR The ory) or Shapes (Ge om e try) of

Mol e cules Y Hy brid iza tion Y Mod ern The o ries of Va lency Y Bond ing in Some Homonuclear Di atomic Mol e cules Y Crys tal Field The ory Y

Clas si fi ca tion of El e ments Y Dobereiner's Law of Tri ads Y Newland's Law of Oc taves Y Lothar Meyer's Atomic Vol ume Curve Y Mendeleev's Pe ri odic

Law & Pe ri odic Ta ble Y Mendeleev's Mod ern Pe ri odic Ta ble Y Mod ern Clas si fi ca tion of El e ments or Long Form of Pe ri odic Ta ble Y Di vi sion of Long

Form of Pe ri odic Ta ble into Blocks or s, p, d and f Blocks in Pe ri odic Ta ble Y Pe ri odic Prop er ties of El e ments Y Born-Haber Cy cle Y Elec tro chem is try I

Y Con duc tors & Non-Con duc tors Y Elec trol y sis (or Elec tro lytic Dis so ci a tion or Ion is ation) Y Arrhenius The ory of Elec tro lytic Dis so ci a tion Y Fac tors

Af fect ing the De gree of Ion is ation Y Ev i dences in Fa vour of Arrhenius The ory Y Ex pla na tion of Elec trol y sis Y Far a day's Laws of Elec trol y sis Y Trans port

Num ber (Hittorf Num ber) Y De ter mi na tion of Trans port Num ber Y Ostwald's Di lu tion Law Y Elec tro lytic Con duc tance Y Spe cific Con duc tance Y

Equiv a lent Con duc tance Y Mo lar Con duc tance Y Con cept of Ac ids and Bases Y Rel a tive Strength of Ac ids and Bases Y pH Scale Y Buffer So lu tion Y

In di ca tors Y Sol u bil ity Prod uct Y Com mon Ion Ef fect Y Re dox Re ac tions Y Elec trode Po ten tial Y Nernst Equa tion Y Elec tro lytic Cell & Elec tro chem i cal

Cell Y Equi lib rium Con stant From Nernst Equa tion Y Elec tro mo tive Force (EMF) of Elec tro chem i cal Cell Y EMF of a Cell & Free En ergy Change

Y Elec tro chem i cal Se ries Y Cor ro sion Y Types of Cor ro sion Y Fac tors Af fect ing the Cor ro sion Rate Y Gal vanic Se ries Y The o ries of Cor ro sion Y Gal vanic

Cor ro sion (Bi me tal lic Cor ro sion) Y Con cen tra tion Cell Cor ro sion Y Pit ting Cor ro sion Y Ox ide Film For ma tion and Its Char ac ter is tics Y Tar nish ing

Y Fog ging Y Rust ing Y Pre ven tion of Cor ro sion By Var i ous Meth ods Y Chem i cal Ki net ics Y Slow and Fast Re ac tions Y Rate of Re ac tion Y Rate

Con stant Y Rate Law or Rate Equa tion Y Law of Mass Ac tion Y Law of Chem i cal Equi lib rium Y Col li sion The ory of Re ac tion Rates Y Molecularity of

Re ac tion Y Or der of Re ac tion Y Ca tal y sis Y Types of Ca tal y sis on the Ba sis of Phys i cal State Y Types of Ca tal y sis on the Ba sis of Cat a lytic Ac tion Y

Cat a lytic Pro mot ers and Poi sons Y Char ac ter is tics of Cat a lytic Re ac tions Y The o ries of Ca tal y sis Y Ap pli ca tions of Cat a lysts Y En zymes (Bio chem i cal

Cat a lysts) Y Solid State Y Types of Sol ids Y Clas si fi ca tion of Crys tal line Sol ids Y Crys tal Struc ture Y Pack ing in Me tal lic Crys tals Y Voids (or Holes or

In ter stices) in Close Packed Struc tures Y Crys tal Im per fec tion Y Band The ory of Sol ids Y Fu els Y Classification of Fu els Y Char ac ter is tics of Good Fuel Y

Cal o rific Value Y De ter mi na tion of Cal o rific Value of Fuel by Bomb Cal o rim e ter Y Liq uid Fu els Y Knock ing and Anti-knock ing Agents Y Oc tane Num ber

Y Cetane Num ber Y Crack ing Y Gas o line from Hy dro ge na tion of Coal or Syn thetic Petrol Y Gas eous Fu els Y Wa ter Treat ment Y De ter mi na tion of

Hard ness of Wa ter Y Dis ad van tages of Hard Wa ter Y Scale and Sludge For ma tion in Boil ers Y Boiler Cor ro sion Y Caus tic Embrittlement Y Prim ing and

Foam ing in Boil ers Y Wa ter Soft en ing Y Po ta ble Wa ter Y Dis in fec tion of Wa ter Y In dus trial Waste and Sew age Y Mu nic i pal ity Wa ter Treat ment Y

61

–Nitin Sharma, Anjana Sharma579–02 Pharmaceutical Analysis-I

Chemistry for Polytechnic Students

–Anita Dhawan681-04 Applied Chemistry

[Hindi Edition Also Available]

Bi o log i cal Ox y gen De mand (BOD) Y Chem i cal Ox y gen De mand (COD)Y Sew age and Waste Wa ter Treat ment Y Col loi dal State of Mat ter Y

Clas si fi ca tion of So lu tions on the Ba sis of Par ti cle Size Y Dis persed Phase and Dis per sion Me dium Y Clas si fi ca tion of Colloids Y Prep a ra tion of Colloids Y

Pu ri fi ca tion of Col loi dal Sols Y Prop er ties of Col loi dal So lu tions Y Pro tec tive Colloids Y Emul sions Y Ap pli ca tions of Colloids in In dus tries Y Lu bri cants

Y Ne ces sity of Lu bri cants (Func tions of Lu bri cants) Y Prop er ties of Lu bri cants Y Char ac ter is tics of a Good Lu bri cant Y Mech a nism of Ac tion of Lu bri cants

Y Func tions of Lu bri cants in Bear ings Y Clas si fi ca tion of Lu bri cants Y Syn thetic Lu bri cants Y Cut ting Flu ids Y Pu ri fi ca tion of Pe tro leum Lu bri cat ing Oils Y

Im por tance of Ad di tive Com pounds in Lu bri cants Y In dus trial Ap pli ca tions of Lu bri cants Y Hy dro car bons Y Car bon Forms a Large Num ber of Or ganic

Com pounds Y Characteristics of Or ganic Com pounds Y Sources of Or ganic Com pounds Y Importance of Or ganic Com pounds Y Classification of

Or ganic Com pounds Y Functional Groups Y Homologous Se ries Y Nomenclature of Or ganic Com pounds Y Eth ane ( )C H2 6 Y Ethene ( )C H2 4 Y Ethyne

( )C H2 4 (Com mon name = Acet y lene) Y Ben zene ( )C H6 6 Y To lu ene ( )C H7 8 Y Or ganic Re ac tions and Mech a nism Y Clas si fi ca tion of Re agents Y

Cleav age of Co va lent Bonds Y Re ac tion In ter me di ates Y Elec tron Dis place ment Ef fect Y Types or Or ganic Re ac tions Y Mech a nism of Ad di tion Re ac tions

Y Mech a nism of Sub sti tu tion Re ac tions Y Mech a nism of Elim i na tion Re ac tions Y Poly mers Y De gree of Poly meri sa tion Y Av er age Mo lec u lar Mass of

Poly mers Y Clas si fi ca tion of Poly mers Y Mech a nism of Free Rad i cal Poly meri sa tion Y Ad di tion Poly mers & their In dus trial Ap pli ca tions Y Con den sa tion

Poly mers and their In dus trial Ap pli ca tions Y General Concept of Biopolymers Y Biodegradable Polymers Y Inorganic Polymers (Silicones) Y Synthetic

Ma te ri als Y Soaps and Detergents Y Synthetic Detergents Y Explosives Y Paint and Varnish Y Prac ti cal Sec tion.

Section A : Y Ba sic Con cepts Y Mat ter Y El e ment Y Com pound Y Mix ture Y Atom Y Mol e cule Y Va lency Y How to Write the For mula of a

Com pound ? Y Atomic Mass Y Mo lec u lar Mass Y Per cent age Com po si tion of Com pounds or Mass Per cent age of an El e ment Y Em pir i cal For mula Y

Chem i cal Equa tions Y Bal anc ing of Chem i cal Equa tions Y How to Make an Equa tion More In for ma tive? Y Atomic Struc ture and Chem i cal

Bond ing Y Atomic Struc ture Y Classification of El e ments Y Va lency Y Wa ter Y Determination of Hard ness of Wa ter Y Disadvantages of Hard Wa ter Y

Scale and Sludge For ma tion in Boil ers Y Boiler Cor ro sion Y Caustic Embrittlement Y Priming and Foam ing in Boil ers Y Water Soft en ing Y Potable

Wa ter Y Disinfection of Wa ter Y Industrial Waste and Sew age Y Municipality Wa ter Treat ment Y Biological Ox y gen De mand (BOD) Y Chem i cal

Ox y gen De mand (COD) Y Sew age and Waste Wa ter Treat ment Y So lu tions Y Con cept of Ac ids and Base Y Equiv a lent Weight Y Gram Equiv a lent

Weight Y Mole Con cept Y Strength of a So lu tion Y Ionic Prod uct of Wa ter Y pH Scale Y Elec trol y sis Y Conductors & Non-Con duc tors Y Elec trol y sis

(or Elec tro lytic Dis so ci a tion or Ion is ation) Y Arrhenius The ory of Elec tro lytic Dis so ci a tion Y Fac tors Af fect ing the De gree of Ion is ation Y Evidences in

Fa vour of Arrhenius The ory Y Explanation of Elec trol y sis Y Faraday's Laws of Elec trol y sis Y Ostwald's Di lu tion Law Y Buffer So lu tion Y Indicators Y

Solubility Prod uct Y Common Ion Ef fect Y Ap pli ca tions of Sol u bil ity Prod uct and Com mon Ion Ef fect Y Ap pli ca tions of Elec trol y sis Y En vi ron men tal

Chem is try Y En vi ron men tal Pol lu tionY Clas si fi ca tion of Pol lut ants Y Air Pol lu tion Y Types of Air Pol lut ants Y Acid Rain Y Green house Ef fect and

Global Warm ing Y Ozone Layer Y Wa ter Pol lu tion Y De ter mi na tion of Dis solved Ox y gen in Wa ter Y Soil Pol lu tion or Land Pol lu tion Y En vi ron ment

and Sustainable Development Sec tion B : Y Prac ti cal Section.

Section A : Y Met al lurgy Y Met als & Non-met als Y Oc cur rence of Met als Y Min er als & Ores Y Met al lurgy Y Fur naces Y Alu minium Y Ex trac tion of

Alu minium Y Prop er ties of Alu minium Y Iron Y Cast Iron Y Wrought Iron Y Steel Y Al loys Y Fu els Y Clas si fi ca tion of Fu els Y Char ac ter is tics of Good Fuel

Y Cal o rific Value Y De ter mi na tion of Cal o rific Value of Fuel by Bomb Cal o rim e ter Y Liq uid Fu els Y Knock ing & Anti-knock ing Agents Y Oc tane Num ber

Y Cetane Num ber Y Crack ing Y Gas o line from Hy dro ge na tion of Coal or Syn thetic petrol Y Gas eous Fu els Y Cor ro sion Y Types of Cor ro sion Y Fac tors

Af fect ing the Cor ro sion Rate Y Gal vanic Se ries Y The o ries of Cor ro sion Y Gal vanic Cor ro sion (Bi me tal lic Cor ro sion) Y Con cen tra tion Cell Cor ro sion

Y Pit ting Cor ro sion Y Ox ide Film For ma tion & its Char ac ter is tic Y Tar nish ing Y Fog ging Y Rust ing Y Pre ven tion of Cor ro sion By Var i ous Meth ods

YLu bri cants Y Ne ces sity of Lu bri cants (Func tions of Lu bri cants) Y Prop er ties of Lu bri cants Y Char ac ter is tics of a Good Lu bri cant Y Mech a nism of Ac tion

of Lu bri cants Y Func tions of Lu bri cants in Bear ings Y Clas si fi ca tion of Lu bri cants Y Syn thetic Lu bri cants Y Cut ting Flu ids Y Pu ri fi ca tion of Pe tro leum

Lu bri cat ing Oils Y Im por tance of Ad di tive Com pounds in Lu bri cants Y In dus trial Ap pli ca tions of Lu bri cants Y Ce ment & Glass Y Port land Ce ment :

In tro duc tion Y Com po si tion of Port land Ce ment Y Man u fac ture of Port land Ce ment Y Set ting & Hard en ing of Ce ment Y Mor tar & Con crete Y Glass

Y Man u fac ture of Glass Y Clas si fi ca tion & Uses of Dif fer ent Glasses Y In dus trial Ap pli ca tions of Glass Y Clas si fi ca tion & No men cla ture of Or ganic

Com pounds Y Car bon Forms a Large Num ber of Or ganic Com pounds Y Char ac ter is tics of Or ganic Com pounds Y Sources of Or ganic Com pounds

Y Importance of Or ganic Com pounds Y Clas si fi ca tion of Or ganic Com pounds Y Func tional Groups Y Homologous Series Y Nomenclature of Organic

Compounds Sec tion B : Y Prac ti cal Section.

vvv

62

–Anita Dhawan684-01 Applied Chemistry Vol.-I (U.K.)

[Hindi Edition Also Available]