CAS DSpace - University of the Philippines Manila

University of the Philippines – Manila

College of Arts and Sciences

Ermita, Manila

Balik-Riles

A Case Study of Bagumbong, Caloocan City Resettlement

under the North-South Railways Project (NSRP)

An Undergraduate Thesis submitted to the

Department of Social Sciences


University of the Philippines – Manila

As a partial requirement of DS 199.2

BA Development Studies

Submitted by:

Kenneth Christopher S. Murillo

2013-45544

Submitted to:

Prof. Roland Simbulan

Thesis Adviser

May, 2017


University of the Philippines-

Manila

Padre Faura, Ermita Manila

CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL

This thesis, Balik-Riles: A Case study of Bagumbong, Caloocan City

Resettlement under the Philippine North-South Railways Project (NSRP), was

conducted by Kenneth Christopher S. Murillo as a requirement for DS 199.2 of the

Development Studies program. As a certification of completion and fulfillment of this

requirement, this research is submitted for corrections and approval.

______________________________

Professor Roland Simbulan

Thesis Adviser


This research has been approved and submitted as a requirement in accomplishing

and graduating with a degree of Bachelor of Arts in Development Studies.

______________________________

Professor Jerome Ong

Department Chair


ABSTRACT

With the repeated failures of off-city relocation programs, the in-city relocation

programs are viewed as a better solution to maintain the access of the relocatees to different

public services. However, this research disproved such notion by analyzing the case of the

Northville II-B resettlement in Bagumbong, Caloocan City under the NSRP. The issues

faced by the relocatees in the said resettlement showed that the access to necessities and

opportunities does not improve or are not maintained in in-city relocation projects. The

problematic condition in the resettlement resulted to the relocatees abandoning the

resettlement and returning to their former communities to regain their lost access to their

necessities. This case study showed the failure of our government to develop a participatory

and mass-oriented relocation program, and consider and resolve the macro-level issues that

the relocatees also face.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my gratitude to the people who contributed to the success

of this research. The efforts made by the people who were involved with and supported my

research are highly appreciated as it helped me in ensuring its quality.

First of all, I would like to thank my respondents, who were very accommodating

and welcoming. The respondents of this research greatly contributed as their accounts and

narratives are the foundation and backbone of this study. Even though some were busy

with their jobs and finishing household duties, they still reserved some time for the

interviews and discussions. I would also like to give appreciation that, despite of their busy

schedules, they showed interest and determination in supporting and taking action for the

development of not only their lives, but also for the community and their fellow relocatees.

The Barangay 171 officials and personnel in Bagumbong, Caloocan City also

provided the necessary documents for my thesis (e.g. barangay profile, etc) and also offered

some aid for my data gathering. The NHA Offices in Bagong Barrio and Bagumbong

(within the Northville II-B resettlement) also provided me with necessary documents such

as maps, the resettlement profile, etc. These documents helped in providing background

information regarding the housing program and the resettlement.

I would also like to express my gratitude to my key informants: Mrs. Estrella

Mamarin (Northville II-B Homeowners’ Association President), Mr. Paul Divina

(Northville 1 Homeowner’s Association President), Mrs. Marina Bozar (Northville 1

resident, headed the Northville I chapter of Gabriela, and a KADAMAY member), the

NHA Office in Bagumbong, and Professor Alan Mesina (Professor in the Development

Studies program in the University of the Philippines-Manila, and a licensed urban planner),

for allotting their time for my interviews and accommodating me for my thesis.

Prof. John Ponsaran’s lectures on housing and resettlements in DS 126

(Governance, Social Watch, and Development) also greatly contributed in providing

insights, and ideas that further inspired me in accomplishing this thesis. He also provided

the Gender Checklist of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) on resettlements as a reading

material in our DS 126, which also helped me in my analysis for this research. It also served

as a supplementary data to back up my gathered data.

I would also like to thank my family, my relatives, and the acquaintances of my

parents who lives along the railways. Mr. Ysmael Songco, my uncle, offered me

transportation services to reduce my expenses. The De Leon and Natividad family also

helped me in gathering respondents and also referred me to Mrs. Mamarin, as she, the

president of the Homeowners’ Association President in Northville II-B, receives and

handles the complaints of the residents, and forwards them to the NHA Office within the

resettlement and also to the Barangay 171 officials to take necessary actions.

The success of this research is also due to the motivation and support of my fellow

batchmates, college friends, thesis buddies, other professors and also my highschool

friends, who were my motivators in writing this thesis. Special mention also to Ms. Mary

Joe Arada who helped me in coordinating to Mr. Walter Villegas and referred me to Ms.

Alesandria Magno and Ms. Mariell Bernadette for my interview transcriptions.

Prof. Roland Simbulan, as my thesis adviser, provided critical insights and

constructive criticisms to improve my research. He also reminded us a lot of times

regarding the purpose of our research and to whom should we dedicate our researches, to

which I dedicate this research for the Filipino masses, especially to relocatees of not only

in urban areas, but also in rural communities, who are living under substandard housing,

tokenistic resettlement programs, and oppression under state and non-state actors.

Lastly, I would like to thank and commend the efforts of the Kalipunan ng

Damayang Mahihirap who, despite of their busy schedules due to conflicts and recent

issues such as their occupation in the idle or vacant houses in Pandi, Bulacan, the disputes

in San Jose del Monte, Bulacan, and also the unjust arrest of their members in Tandang

Sora,Quezon City, managed to give me an interview schedule to one of their members in

Northville 1, Ms. Marina Bozar. The mass organization, under the Anak Pawis and in

partnership with other mass organizations, continue to fight for the rights of the Filipino

masses. This research supports their courageous efforts to struggle against oppression and

to achieve genuine national development for the Filipino masses.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page i

Certification of Approval ii

Abstract iii

Acknowledgement iv

Table of Contents vi

CHAPTER I: Introduction and Research Profile 1

Introduction and Statement of the Problem 1

Research Objectives 4

Hypothesis of the Study 5

Scopes and Limitations 5

Significance of the Study 6

Review of Related Literature 8

Theoretical Framework 10

Conceptual Framework 13

Methodology 14

Research Design 14

Research Population 14

Sampling 15

Instruments used for the Study 15

Data Gathering 15

Data Analysis 16

Definition of the Variables 16

CHAPTER II Background of the Study 18

Philippine National Railways 18

National Housing Authority 20

Resettlement Program Profile 23

Resettlement & the Railways 24

CHAPTER III Data Summary & Analysis 28

Data Summary 28

Data Analysis 41

CHAPTER IV Conclusion & Recommendations 61

Conclusion 61

Research Recommendations 71

BIBLIOGRAPHY viii

APPENDIX A Sample Thesis Questions ix

APPENDIX B Transcript of Interviews with the Key Informants xiii

Transcript of Interview with Ms. Estrella Mamarin xiii

Transcript of Interview with Paul Divina and Marina Bozar xxiv

Transcript of Interview with the NHA Office in Bagumbong xxxix

Transcript of Interview with Professor Allan Mesina xliv

1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION & RESEARCH PROFILE

A. Introduction and Statement of the Problem

During 2015, the National Economic and Development Agency (NEDA) approved

the joint project, the North-South Railway Project (NSRP), of the Department of

Transportation and Communications (DOTC) and the Philippine National Railways

(PNR). The NSRP aims to connect, through railways, Metro Manila, National Capital

Region (NCR) and Legaspi City, Albay. The project was officially launched on July 2015,

which was the start of the bidding process, in which the winning bidder will design,

construct, finance and operate the railway project. The Public-Private Partnership (PPP)

Center listed San Miguel Holdings Corporation, Metro Pacific Investment Corp, AC

Infrastructure Holdings Corporation, IL&FS Transport Networks Limited, and Fluor

Daniel Pacific Inc. as the prospective bidders for the NSRP.

The NSRP, aside from providing a connection of transport from Manila to Legaspi

City, includes a total of approximately 653 km. of long haul passenger railway from

Tutuban, Manila to Legaspi City, Albay, with possible extension to Matnog, Sorsogon (117

km), another possible extension would be from Calamba City, Laguna to Batangas City

(58 km). The other component of the project would be the 56-kilometer railway that would

connect Tutuban and Calamba City. Through the assertion of the PNR’s right of way,

infrastructures (such as buildings and houses) within the scope of their project would have

to be cleared.

2

It was boasted by the concerning agencies that the NSRP would promote economic

inclusivity with its objective to reach the underdeveloped Southern Luzon areas such as the

Legaspi, Albay. The PPP Center (n.d.) stated that the NSRP aims to improve the transport

and logistic services to the underdeveloped regions and to encourage more productive

activities. With the improvement of the transport, there would be an easier flow of good

and service. Not to mention, the revival of the railways would cover the unserved parts,

thus, bringing a promise of an easier flow of economic activity even in areas outside of

NCR.

In preparation for the NSRP, last 14 November 2008, around 100 families are

displaced from their communities, and as a relocation offer, a resettlement was established

in the 10-hectare Northville II-B in Barangay 171, Bagumbong, Caloocan City to house

the families affected by the said project. The resettlement program was headed by the

National Housing Authority (NHA) with the cooperation of local government units (LGUs)

involved. Former Caloocan City Mayor Enrico Echiverri (2008) mentioned that the

relocation site would be close to schools and marketplaces and with access to electricity

and potable water. In addition to this, an amount of food for 3 days and financial assistance

to start businesses were provided along with the houses, measuring 32 square meters

(average lot area) and 18 square meters (floor area) each, under the resettlement program.

(Philstar, 2008) With the Executive Order 03-09, a local inter-agency was established by

Echiverri with aims to provide skills training and alternative livelihood for the relocatees.

Echiverri seated as the chairperson of the committee, with city administrator Russel

Ramirez and National Housing Authority manager Ma. Teresa Oblipias as vice

chairpersons. The livelihood committee was established in response to the deprivation of

3

access to their former sources of income and livelihood (as a consequence of their

relocation from their former communities). The deprivation of access to their former jobs

might render the housing project useless, as the relocatees would still return to their former

communities or even go to other urban areas for employment and livelihood. In this

process, the houses in the resettlement are abandoned or even sold by its beneficiaries.

(PhilStar, 2009)

There are push and pull factors as to why the relocatees leave their resettlements

and opt to live in other urban areas, especially near or within their former communities.

This is very evident in the case of the Bagumbong relocatees. Their former communities,

which were along the railways covered by the PNR, are still lively in terms of economic

and social activities. Several vendors of various products such as fruits, vegetables, meat,

seafood, and other merchandises like plastic containers or buckets, slippers, condiments,

clothes and etc. Some even took advantage of the railways and devised a form of

transportation, which were called trolleys, for the convenience of other marketgoers and

other residents near the area. A trolley typically looks like an open car or a wheeled bench

that could move or slide along the railways by an external force such as winds or physical

force exerted by the person managing or controlling the trolley. In some occasions like

birthdays, wedding or baptismal receptions, prayer vigil for the dead and such, people set

up tents or sheds where they can celebrate gatherings. Despite the efforts made by several

government agencies in establishing the Bagumbong resettlement, not all of the supposed-

relocatees left their former communities, hence, this research delved into the factors that

push the people to leave the resettlement and remain in their former communities or

transfer to other urban areas that are either near their former communities or similar to the

4

conditions of their former communities. Aside from these factors, other considerations

were given attention to assess effectively the resettlement. Such factors are the accessibility

to food, electricity, clean, safe, and potable water, and other utilities and public services

like Education, Healthcare, Security, and etc, the housing program conducted by the NHA,

and also the right of the residents in owning both of the house given to them, as well as the

land occupied by the provided shelter. Aside from that, the research tackled problems in

connection to these factors and in relation to the resettlement program. After the

identification and analysis of the problems, it is a must to provide alternative solutions that

would prioritize the living conditions of the relocatees both in the short term and in the

long term. Preventive solutions were proposed to avoid the problems identified by the

relocatees, while the curative solutions were proposed according to the context of the

relocatees and the specific resettlement, the Northville II-B in Bagumbong, Caloocan City,

in which, it was aimed to provide a response to the problems faced in the specified

resettlement. The proposed curative solutions are well-adapted according to the context of

the relocatees, to be able to effectively resolve the identified issues.

B. Research Objectives

General Objective: To address the problems regarding the living conditions of the

relocatees in the Bagumbong Resettlement in Bulacan under the Philippine National

Railways (PNR) project and to propose solutions or alternatives as response to these

problems and issues.

Specific Objectives:

5

-To assess the accessibility of education, livelihood and employment, transportation and

other public facilities within or near the resettlement

-To assess the transportation, in terms of its accessibility and convenience to the residents

within the resettlement

-To identify the threats to the health of the residents in the community

-To assess crime and disaster safety in the area

-To identify the issues in relation to the accessibility of food, safe and clean water and

other utilities like electricity within the community

-To elaborate the problems and issues regarding the shelter, housing project, including

the ownership of property by the residents of the Bagumbong resettlement

-To propose possible solutions and alternatives (and preventive actions) as response to

the addressed issues and problems

C. Hypothesis of the Study

The fulfillment of the objectives, which is to identify and analyze the issues faced

the relocatees of the Northville II-B resettlement and to propose solutions that are either to

resolve the issues in the community or to prevent the occurrence of these issues in the

future, disproved the common notion of a mere In-city resettlement as an answer to

resettlement problems. It is believed that resettling people within the city would provide

them equal access to opportunities and public services, unlike in Off-city resettlement,

people are relocated to areas outside of their city, often to rural areas where they receive

less access to different services and necessities. However, this research disproved such

6

notion and pointed out that an in-city resettlement cannot guarantee the success of the

resettlement in providing the necessities and opportunities of the relocatees, and that there

are more factors that should be considered that may be disregarded in the resettlement

programs.

D. Scope and Limitations

This research covered the issues and problems faced by the people that are related

in the offered resettlement area in Bagumbong, Bulacan, under the PNR project. The

research only covered the Northville I resettlement in Valenzuela City to cite their

experiences, however, the focus of the research still remained in the context of the

Northville II-B resettlement. The interviews are aimed towards the assessment or

evaluation of the resettlement. The assessment was concentrated to the identification and

analysis of issues and is not necessarily meant to measure the satisfaction of the relocatees

for the resettlement. Cernea’s IRR model (as discussed in the theoretical and conceptual

framework) would serve as a pattern in presenting the research, by adopting the four

functions (Predictive, Diagnostic, Research and Problem-Resolution) and integrating it in

the research to organize the data gathered, its presentation, the analysis and the proposed

solutions, however, the researcher modified and narrowed down the criteria to the

Accessibility of basic social services, Housing, Crime risks, Access to Employment and

Livelihood, and Food and Water Security. The research also discussed the issues faced by

the Filipino society at the present, in relation to the living conditions of the relocatees and

also alternative solutions and prevention of these issues.

E. Significance of the Study

7

Development works are highly praised by a lot of Filipinos, however, people are

blinded to the negative impacts it may cause. Indeed, the NSRP may ease the

transportation, or may even encourage economic activity, however, there is an issue

regarding the sustainability and sufficiency of the resettlement area. The cost of

infrastructure programs is, often, community displacement which may further lead to

poverty if the resettlement program would fail to satisfy the people. Poverty, due to the

deprivation of access to different resources and public services, is not only detrimental to

the living conditions of the relocatees, also to the community as a whole. Poverty, as

expressed by Merton’s Strain theory, may push people into committing crimes in pursuit

of socially-accepted goals (wealth or means of accessibility to their necessities), due to the

deprivation by different aspects inside the resettlement area. The Asian Development Bank

(ADB) (2003), in their released Gender Checklist for Resettlement Programs, expressed

that the pressure and stress (from the failures and insufficiencies of the resettlement

program) that burdens every member of the family affected, results to the occurrence of

domestic violence within the community; by men to women and mothers to their children.

Social and moral values are continually challenged by crimes due to deprivation and

poverty, and also by disputes within the area between relocatees from different

communities with different cultures. Thus, there is a threat of disorder and deviance within

the community, if the resettlement program cannot satisfy the needs of the people nor

resolve their problems.

While the Bagumbong resettlement project is an on-site or in-city relocation

program, it is not immune to issues such as lack of accessibility to public services and

facilities, and employment. The former communities are still lively with human activity

8

from the relocatees who decided to remain or stay in their homes along the railways, instead

of living in the resettlement site. It is important to study about the problems faced in the

resettlement that pushes the relocatees to return to their former communities or to other

urban areas, or what pulls them away from the resettlement site. By bringing these issues

to light, we can delve in deeper to the context of the community in the resettlement area

and how the program itself affects the people.

Hence, this research featured these issues, as a voice of these displaced

communities, who hope for a new environment or a community that would continually

sustain their needs or improve their living conditions by gaining an easier access to public

services and other opportunities. This research gave emphasis in prioritizing the

convenience and the improvement of the living conditions of the relocatees, especially

those who are members of urban poor communities. This research also wanted to point out

that a mere in-city relocation is not enough to provide the necessities and to help in

improving the lives of the relocatees. This research encouraged to recognize and consider

the other factors in developing a resettlement, since an in-city resettlement cannot merely

provide access to necessities without giving considerations to other factors and giving light

to other issues. As a response to these problems, this research proposed solutions and

alternatives with the help of the people themselves and other key informants, whose

advocacies and actions are aimed towards the rights and empowerment of the Filipino

masses.

F. Review of Related Literature

Resettlements are often done to move the informal settlers from government and

public lands to developed areas, according to Ballesteros and Egana (2012). This internal

9

migration is done not only as a response to the urgency to evacuate families from danger

zones but also as a consequence or social cost of priority infrastructure programs in urban

areas. According to Ballesteros and Egana (2012), during the period 2003-2011,

resettlement programs cover 85% of the National Housing Authority (NHA)’s budget, and

96% of those who benefited are from Metro Manila and the Greater Manila Area (GMA),

which consists of Bulacan, Pampanga, Laguna, Cavite, Rizal; the other 6% percent would

be those who live outside the GMA. A huge part of this budget would go to the Housing

Support which includes the Livelihood Assistance. The Livelihood Assistance ensures the

construction of tricycle and jeep terminals, and a market or a ‘talipapa’ center. Ballesteros

and Egana also included in their evaluation study that it is also important to consider linking

these communities to skills training, job placements, scholarship programs, livelihood-

based projects including credit or loan assistance of concerned agencies. The evaluation

study expressed that there is no criteria for accessibility of employment and of social

facilities, and one possible reason is that the resettlement program itself is designed to

address these lack or scarcity of these necessities. In the case of the Tacloban resettlement

that was established in response to the catastrophe brought by the typhoon Yolanda during

2015, according to Thomas (2015) in her study in the evaluation of the resettlement

program in Tacloban, the resettlement program was not well-accepted by its beneficiaries,

for most of these beneficiaries are poor fisherfolk that would prefer living along the shores

which is close to the sea, their boats, and to nearby city markets. Thomas also mentioned

that the No-building zone policy, along with the resettlement program, lacked risk mapping

to identify other possible problems that may arise and the community may experience. She

set the case of the municipality of Guiuan in Eastern Samar as an example, wherein, they

10

received assistance from international agencies for multi-hazard mapping and found out

that there are actually very few portions in their area that is considered ‘safe’. Thomas also

included that there were problems in the selection for the resettlement area for the 25

hectares that are deemed to be suitable for residential. Some of the nearby government and

public lands were rejected due to other factors in terms of their location (e.g. near a local

dump), thus there is a need to use private lands, however, the Local Government Units

(LGUs) lacked sufficient funds to do so, considering the slow arrival of national recovery

funds. The resettlement areas were also remote from town centers, former livelihoods,

schools and social networks, it is, indeed, that the LGUs reassured that livelihood programs

would be provided with the assistance of the UN Development Programme and others,

however, the fact that there is physical isolation to existing livelihood opportunities

remains and the relocation is taking place without actual and sufficient livelihood

assistance. In the case of the ADB road improvement programs (2006), the disturbance to

livelihood programs was compensated with the zonal land value, however, no livelihood

programs, establishment and subsidy of transportation were mentioned, considering that

there were 608 marginally affected families or 8.3% of all project affected families (PAFs)

and 2,414 were those with trees and perennial crops affected by the project. There was no

reassurance of market access to farmers and fisherfolks displaced to Mulanay and Nazareth

resettlements, also, the water systems were also not fully functional for the Mulanay

resettlement. The lack of access to both market and livelihood also dwindles the access to

food and other necessities of the displaced families.

Social Networking is also a concern in Thomas (2015)’ study. The women in the

Tacloban resettlements were concerned of losing contacts not only to their long-term social

11

networks, but also to members of their extended families. As the Oxfam survey in Thomas’

study pointed out, these social networks are necessary as support to these women in

childcare, so these women can seek out other forms of livelihood for more income. Thus,

for the relocation to be successful, there must be equivalent opportunities and the

resettlement must be as close as possible to the original community. In addition, Thomas

(2015) also pointed out that ‘settlements’ approach, which should not just be provisions of

shelter and services to individual beneficiaries for a sustainable and well-planned human

settlement, must be embraced rather than constructing resettlements on vacant plots of

land, disregarding the access of residents to their necessities and opportunities.

There is a need for new approaches to resolve these issues and to prevent the

continued malpractice of only looking at the availability of lands but not its suitability to

sustain displaced families. Gilles (2012)’ study aims to promote the humanization of

socialized housing, encouraging participatory management in the relocation sites, and

considering socio-cultural and economic factors. Gilles (2012) recommended that available

employments must be considered and that resettlements outside Manila should be given

closer attention, considering the concentration of economic activity towards Manila and

the National Capital Region (NCR), as a whole.

G. Theoretical Framework

Gerhard Lenski (1982) coined the Status Crystallization, or alternatively known as

Status Consistency, to refer to the condition where one would have similar levels of wealth,

prestige and power, or the levels of the Weberian stratification (Weber, 1922). Lenski

(1982) claimed that if an individual is inconsistent to these levels, meaning one or two

level(s) may be significantly lower or higher to the remaining level(s), one would most

12

likely feel dissatisfaction. The dissatisfaction would lead to behavior and actions that

attempt to bring back the balance, or the more favorable ‘status quo’, or strive for the

improvement of their living conditions. These actions or behavior maybe destructive or

constructive in nature. In relation to this study, we considered the Impoverishment Risks,

Risk Management and Reconstruction Model of Michael Cernea (n.d.), wherein, the levels

to be considered would be Landlessness, Joblessness, Homelessness, Marginalization,

Food insecurity, Increased morbidity, Loss of access to common property resources and

Community disarticulation, however, the researcher would narrow down these categories

to: Accessibility of basic social services (education, transportation, healthcare), Housing

(which will include the security of tenure status in lands and in their homes), Housing

safety and geohazards (which may also be assessed with the presence of geohazard maps

in the area, as well as facilities and equipment, in case of disasters), Crime risks, Access to

Employment and Livelihood, and Food and Water security.

Since the research is designed as Participatory Action Research, the respondents or

the relocatees themselves would have direct involvement in the four functions as suggested

by Cernea’s model. First would be the Predictive function, which includes the risks and

problems the relocatees would think they experience judging with their experiences in

living in the resettlement. Second would be the Diagnostic function, in which the problems

would be explained and assessed by their impacts to the relocatees, and third would be the

Problem-Resolution function, which would aim to bring out alternatives and solutions to

the addressed problems, and lastly, the Research function. The last function would deal

with the linkages. In this study, the former communities and the resettlement are compared

to give light as to why some of the relocatees refuse to live in the resettlement and maintain

13

their lives in their former communities. The comparison, along with the context within the

resettlement, showed a gap of opportunities between the two areas. This dissatisfaction in

the inconsistency of the levels of opportunities (which are the categories considered in this

study) represented the Status inconsistency of the resettlement area. Wealth is not limited

to the financial aspects of an individual or household, it may also include their access to

their necessities and opportunities. Power defines the security of their access to their

necessities and opportunities (for example, land ownership or tenured status in the

resettlement), and lastly, Prestige or social status which defines the position of an

individual or household in the community.

The research also considered the context of the resettlement as a part of a bigger

picture, the present Filipino Society. According to the Structuration theory by Anthony

Giddens, to understand and analyze a community, one must not rely on studying it in micro-

level or macro-level alone. The interplay of both micro and macro perspectives must be

used to effectively understand and explain the context of the Bagumbong resettlement. The

Bagumbong relocatees also experience the problems faced by Filipinos at the present, these

issues interplay with the issues brought by the relocation program. It is also a question of

what is development in the context of the modern Filipino society. Who benefits? What

actions should be done by our government? Who shall be served? and Development should

be for whom?

14

H. Conceptual Framework

Figure 1: Conceptual Framework of the Study

As explained in the theoretical framework, this research have 4 functions patterned

to Cernea’s IRR model. In the Predictive function, the problems which are categorized to

Food and Water Security, Accessibility of Social Services, Housing, Crime and Disaster

Risks, and Employment and Livelihood were identified. The identification was predictive

in a sense that the respondents suggested future issues that their community would

experience if the status quo is maintained. The Diagnostic Function explained the identified

problems deeper, or how these issues impacted them, what other problems may arise, and

the opinion of the relocatees regarding the root cause of the problem. This function also

tackled the comparison between the resettlement and their former communities in terms of

the opportunities and accessibility of necessities. The gap of these opportunities due to the

insufficiencies were the status inconsistencies that causes dissatisfaction to the relocatees.

These first two functions were covered under the Data Analysis, which presented the

15

narratives regarding the living conditions of the relocatees, and also featured the living

conditions on the railways to give comparisons on the accessibility of opportunities and

public services in both areas. The Problem-Resolution function suggested both long term

and short term solutions in response to these problems. It also covered ‘what should be

done’ to prevent the same issues from occurring again. The Research function is prevalent

throughout the functions as it keeps on connecting the concepts from the data gathered,

identifying the patterns and linkages, and contributing further insights which is done by

both of the researcher and the respondents. These latter two were covered in the Conclusion

which sewed the ideas together, incorporated the theories, and proposed alternative

solutions which are curative (according to the context and necessities of the Bagumbong

resettlement) and preventive (to be applied for future housing programs, to avoid problems

and insufficiencies in resettlement areas).

I. Methodology

a.Research Design

This research focused on the data gathered that are narratives from 2 areas (namely,

the resettlement and the former community), and used the case study design. The design

and approach of Participatory action research was utilized to ensure the reliability of the

primary data, as well as to ensure that the alternatives and resolutions provided would

follow the principle of bottom-up approach in terms of program planning and

policymaking, thus, also ensuring that the solutions suggested are formulated by the

respondents themselves as they would analyze their situation further. Meanwhile, the data

gathered in the Northville I resettlement in Valenzuela City only served as supplementary

data.

16

b. Research Population

The target respondents were both of the residents of the Bagumbong Resettlement, and

those who are either registered but refuse to live in the resettlement area, or those who

chose to reject the resettlement offer. To avoid sensitivity and consent issues in terms of

age, the target respondents were 18 years old or above.

c. Sampling

Random Sampling, together with Snowball sampling, was used in gathering respondents

for the study. This is in order to gather more qualified respondents without compromising

the validity of the data.

d. Instruments used for the study

Non-standardized interviews were used to gather narratives from the residents of

both the resettlement and the former communities. Key Informant Interviews (KII) were

used to gather statistics, and other data that would back up and testify the narratives, and

also to provide background information regarding the area. Focused group discussions

(FGD) were also essential in community-building and deepening the knowledge of the

issue by thoroughly discussing it and letting the members of the community raise opinions

that are relevant in identifying, explaining and resolving the addressed issues.

e. Data Gathering

To gather data from the respondents, interviews with the relocatees, focused group

discussions, key informants were conducted. The individual interviews, focused group

discussions and key informants are encouraged as the narratives of the respondents

17

themselves hold significant data that cannot be extracted by a detailed or planned

questionnaire. Furthermore, interviews and discussions opened more issues and problems

in relation with the resettlement that should be given attention.

f. Data Analysis

The case study was divided into two areas, one focused in the resettlement and the

other in their former communities which were situated along the railroads covered by the

said project and within Caloocan City. The responses of the respondents from each areas

were consolidated and summarized in a matrix to effectively represent the data collected.

The analysis of the data sorted and consolidated the responses into: Education, Livelihood,

Crime & Disaster Safety, Transportation, Health, Accessibility of Food, Potable and Safe

Water and Utilities, and Housing & Land Ownership, while the conclusion answered the

problems presented in the analysis with alternative solutions that can be preventive or

curative.

With the Cernea’s model, the Data Analysis (Chapter 3) is the Predictive function

(narratives about the identification of problems and future problems that may arise), and

the Diagnostic function (the analysis to the problems identified in the Predictive Function

which were categorized into: Food & Water Security, Accessibility of Social Services,

Housing, Crime and Disaster Risks, and Employment and Livelihood, and also the

utilization of matrix or tables to give comparisons between the Bagumbong resettlement

and the former communities) of the research. While Chapter 4, the Conclusion was the

Linkages or the Research function (consolidated and connected these issues in a bigger

picture and how these issues affects the relocatees), and the Problem-Resolutions Function

18

(the response against the presented issues, or the alternative solutions which were curative

or preventive).

J. Definition of the Variables

Bagumbong Resettlement Area – this is the finished housing project under the NSRP for

the displaced informal settlers along the railroads. This research used the terms Bagumbong

Resettlement Area and Northville II-B Resettlement Area interchangeably.

Food Security – According to the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO, ND), under

the United Nations (UN), it is having physical, social and economic access to sufficient

and nutritious food that is necessary to the needs and preferences of the people to have an

active and healthy lifestyle.

Water Security – According to the UN-Water (2013), it is having a sustainable access to

safe, clean and potable water in adequate and sufficient amounts to satisfy the necessities

in terms of livelihoods, well-being and socio-economic development.

Accessibility of services – Similar to food security, it is having physical, social and

economic access to basic social services such as healthcare, transportation, and education.

This included the quality of the said services, and how convenient and useful the quality

of these services to the relocatees, or the impact of the scarce or lack of these services to

the relocatees.

Crime and Disaster risks safety – There must be a presence of committees or organizations

that would prioritize the security of the people such as the police force (in terms of crime)

and also rescue teams (in terms of disaster). These committees must have programs to

educate people in managing and protecting themselves during urgent times, as well as

19

having equipment such as handcuffs, lifeboats, and first aid kits, that may either be well-

accessible or the relocatees already own some of these equipment for their emergency use.

Housing – the design of the houses must be according to the lifestyle of the families who

would live in these houses. The design must allow enough space and good ventilation so

as not to compromise the health of the family. In terms of structure, the technique,

processes and materials utilized must be advanced enough to ensure the durability of the

houses. Cracks forming on walls and on the floor may also be a sign of weakening of the

structure of the house, thus, these must also be addressed properly.

Relocatees – these are the residents of the former communities who are affected in the

NSRP, thus, as an alternative to their former home that are demolished for the development

project, a housing project is done as a response to their displacement.

CHAPTER II

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL RAILWAYS (PNR)

The PNR is one of the most important medium of transportation in Philippines.

Throughout the history, it also triggered economic activity as it served as carrier of products

to its different destinations from La Union to the Bicol region. Under the Presidential

Decree No. 741, the PNR is a corporation owned by the Philippine Government, and

currently PNR is under the supervision of the DOTC. The PNR Network is divided into

two lines, first is the 266-km North Line from Manila to San Fernando, La Union (with 55-

km branch line from Tarlac to Nueva Ecija). Second is the 478-km South Line from Manila

to Legaspi City, Albay (with 5-km branch line from San Pedro, Laguna to Carmona,

20

Cavite). However, not all parts of these lines are fully operational, as mentioned by

Anasarias (2003), 478-km from Manila to Legaspi City, 5-km branch line from Laguna to

Cavite and 6-km main line from Manila (Tayuman) to R-10, North Harbor Area are in

operation, the rest are unused because, in some part, the railways are already neglected or

are unfit, as some are too narrow to allow safe and efficient transport. The PNR has Long

distance Passenger Service which travels between Manila and Legaspi City, it has 4 trains

that fulfill the service daily (two trains travels from Manila to Legaspi City and the other

two travels from Legaspi City to Manila), 2 of these trains are air-conditioned and are using

second-hand passenger coaches donated by the East Japan Railway Company (JREast). 26

trips by commuter trains are operated daily, 4 of which are between Manila and Carmona,

20 trips between Manila and Alabang (which uses air-conditioned and second-hand

passenger coaches donated by the JREast. The PNR also offers limited cargo services that

can carry products and additional coaches for baggage brought by the passengers.

PNR declined in its quality service in 1979, when it lost 50 million pesos, according

to NEDA (n.d.). The following year, the expenses for PNR increased that its revenue can

no longer sustain its increased expenses. Despite the active funding from the government,

PNR decreased its services due to its continuing loss in revenues. The northern scope of

the railway network services was cut-down or limited to Tarlac, after the Dagupan terminal

was closed. The closing of terminals was most likely due to high operational costs but low

quality of maintenance, natural disasters and phenomena such as floods may also contribute

to the disintegration of railway structures and disruption to its services. NEDA also blames

the poor governance, neglect to maintenance and carelessness in the operation of the lines

between Manila and Dagupan, and Manila and Tarlac. Because of the low quality of

21

services, people prefer to use other forms of transportation such as buses, jeepneys, trucks,

etc.

According to Anasarias (2003), an effective railway system connects the rural areas

to urban, thus, products from rural areas reach and circulate within urban areas, allowing

the rural folks to earn income from their own products, or to access opportunities in urban

areas. To improve the services, maintenance, as well as improvements, must be done.

These are in form of railways extension, rebuilding the railways, improving the railways

technology and also providing new and faster trains for a more efficient transport. For

railroad extensions, the PNR owns real estates that can be utilized in extending and

widening the rail networks. However, these lands are now where informal settlers live and

start their livelihood.

NATIONAL HOUSING AUTHORITY (NHA)

NHA is mandated to provide housing especially to low-income families. It was

organized as a government-owned and-controlled corporation by virtue of Presidential

Decree No. 757. This was the second attempt of the government to integrate housing efforts

into one agency. P.D. 757 abolished other housing agencies that are established to respond

to separate and distinct housing requirements (Presidential Assistant on Housing and

Resettlement Agency (PAHRA), Tondo Foreshore Development Authority (TFDA),

Central Institute for the Training and Relocation of Urban Squatters (CITRUS),

Presidential Committee for Housing and Urban Resettlement (PRECHUR), Sapang Palay

Development Committee (SPDC), Inter-Agency task Force to Undertake the Relocation of

Families in Barrio Nabacaan, Villanueva, Misamis Oriental.) and the People’s Homesite

and Housing Corporation (PHHC), which resulted from the merging of two housing

22

agencies; the Philippine Homesite Corporation (PHC) and the National Housing

Commission (NHC). 3 years after the establishment of NHA, 1978, the Ministry for Human

Settlements was organized to adopt a wholistic approach to housing, thus, NHA is attached

to MHS. However, Executive Order No. 10 abolished MHS and placed NHA under the

supervision of the Office of the President. 17 December 1986, NHA was under the

supervision of Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC) which

is an umbrella agency dedicated to shelter and functions by coordinating with various

government housing agencies engaged in production, finance and regulation. Through the

mandate of the Executive Order 195, issued on December 31, 1999, the focus of NHA

would be on socialized housing and the implementation of a comprehensive and integrated

housing development and resettlement.

Mandate Issued Date Description

PD 757 July 31, 1975 The NHA must develop and implement a

comprehensive and integrated housing program

which includes:

-housing development and resettlement

-sources and schemes of financing

-delineation of government and private sector

participation

EO 90 December 17, 1986 As a sole national agency, the NHA must focus on

the housing needs of the lowest 30% of the urban

population

23

RA 7279 March 24, 1992 NHA must provide technical and other forms of

assistance to local government units (LGUs) in

implementing housing programs, this includes

identifying, acquiring and configuring potential

lands for socialized housing and to give aid or

support in relocating the families, in cooperation

with the LGUs

RA 7835 December 08, 1994 NHA must implement the National Shelter Program

-Resettlement Program

-Medium Rise Public and Private Housing

-Cost Recoverable Programs

-Local Housing Program

EO 195 December 31,1999 The NHA must focus on socialized housing and

must implement a comprehensive and integrated

housing development and resettlement.

-more efficient in determining and developing

government lands that are deemed suitable for

housing

-Improving collection efficiency to ensure the

sustainability of socialized housing funds

Table 1: The History of Mandates of the National Housing Authority (NHA)

As of 2017, the mission of NHA remains ‘to provide decent, adequate, and

affordable housing to low-income families, ensure the provision of community facilities,

24

utilities, and access to social services and economic opportunities’ and carrying a vision of

providing 50% of the housing needs of homeless low-income families, by 2019, especially

those living in waterways, danger zones and government infrastructure project sites. With

the NSRP Project, the NHA must establish a resettlement and provide housing to people

following their mission, mandate and their vision as part of their long term goal. In-city

relocation is viewed as a key to a more efficient resettlement program, due to the repeated

failures of off-city resettlement programs, which isolated the relocatees from accessing

their necessities. The idea of in-city resettlement is that, there is no significant change in

the access of an individual to their necessities, since they are still situated at the same city

they lived in. Adapting will not be hard too, since they are still in the same city, just in a

different area, or barangay. It is thought that in-city resettlement will not limit the access

of the relocatees from other public services and resources. However, this research

disproved such notions, by presenting the issues that the relocatees in Northville II-B

resettlement face. The efficiency of a resettlement program does not only rely on the

distance between the resettlement and the places of origin of the relocatees (These issues

were tackled deeper in Chapter 3 and 4, which presented the cases or accounts of the

relocatees and the analysis on their cases).

THE RESETTLEMENT PROGRAM PROFILE

The Northville II-B resettlement in Bagumbong covers former residents from

Samson Road, Sangandaan to Guido Street Boundary of Caloocan and Manila (21

Barangays and 5.3 km in length). In total, 2880 households are affected and 2187 of which

are qualified for the socialized housing. In 2187 households, 1959 were relocated within

the city (Northville II-B, Bagumbong, Caloocan City), 210 families were relocated outside

25

of the city (Northville 5A, Barangay Caysio, Sta. Maria, Bulacan) and 18 families chose to

avail the Balik-Probinsya Program. The Balik-Probinsya Program, according to the NHA

Office in Bagumbong, is in partnership with the Department of Social Welfare and

Development (DSWD), wherein, people are given tickets for transport to return to their

respective provinces. The LGUs may give financial assistance to people who chose to avail

the Balik-Probinsya Program. The relocation period in Northville II-B started on

November 11, 2008 until May 25, 2009.

The total land area for development is 108,644.06 sq. m., 60.43% of which is

allotted for residential purposes and the remaining is for the construction of public

facilities. The community development features concrete road networks with sidewalk

curbs and gutters for major roads, underground reinforced concrete culvert pipes with

drainage outfall, 88 shallow wells for water supply, power lines by Meralco (76 Meralco

posts and 359 private poles installed) and individual septic tanks. 2200 lots were generated

for the program, with an average lot size of 30 sq. m. and an average house area of 20 sq.

m. (4.00 m. x 5.00 m), both individual house and lot amounts to Php. 175,000. The land

was privately owned and developed by K-bon Construction Corp. and acquired by NHA

to be used for the resettlement program. The payment for the land was loaned from the

Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), thus, the socialized housing was not provided for free

and must be paid to settle the loan. The housing interests and penalties, meanwhile, serve

as additional revenue to fund more housing projects.

THE NORTHVILLE II-B RESETTLEMENT PROFILE AND THE 10TH AVENUE

RAILWAYS

26

Bagumbong is the biggest barangay in Caloocan City with its total land area of

more or less 775 hectares and also an increasing population of 100,000 more or less. At its

North, lies Meycauayan, Bulacan and Phase 9 Bagong Silang, while Barangay 168 Deparo

defines the South border. Bignay and Valenzuela lies at the west part of Bagumbong and

Barangay 173 in Novaliches and 175 in Camarin occupies the right part. Since 2013,

Romeo I. Rivera seated as the chairperson or head of the barangay.

The area is well-developed with cemented roads and robust economic activity due

to different businesses in the area. In total, there are 104 subdivisions/villages/compounds

within the borders of the barangay. The Bagumbong Health Center have outreaches in 8

sites within the community. Aside from the barangay hall and health centers, other

available public and private facilities include churches, resorts, cemeteries, schools,

institutions (such as the Tahanang Mapagpala Center, a social adjustment center for street

children, and a Social Development Center for special protection for female children) and

a marketplace in Villa Crystal.

CHURCHES

St. Francis Sub-Parish (Shelterville)

Our Lady of Immaculate Conception

Sub-Parish (Bankerville)

Union Ville

Evergreen Executive Village

San Lorenzo Ruiz Sub-Parish (Rainbow

Ville 5 and in Kingstown)

RESORTS

Gubat sa Ciudad

Villa Celedonia

Don Antonio Union Ville

Villa Florentina

Kids Playland

Prado

Villa Antonia

27

Sta. Cruz Sub-Parish (Bagumbong Road)

Tierra Nova Main

CEMETERIES

Serenity Memorial Park

Philippine Memorial Park

SCHOOLS

St. Dominique Academy

Perpetual Help Academy

St. Benedict School of Novaliches

Mystic Rose Learning Center

Escuela De Sophia Inc.

Ridgewood Academy

Bagumbong High School

Bagumbong Elementary School

Bagumbong High School Annex

Bagumbong Elementary School Annex

Divine Love Day Care Center

Young Achiever School of Caloocan

Our Lord’s Angel School

Table 2: List of available public and private facilities within Barangay 171, as indicated by

the Barangay 171 Profile (retrieved on February, 2017)

A few kilometers from the barangay hall would be Northville II-B or one of the

resettlement areas established, under NHA, due to the displacement of communities along

the scope of the NSRP. According to the NHA Office in Bagumbong (2017), the land was

originally privately-owned and bought by the local government of Caloocan, in order to

fulfill the wishes of its people to be relocated within the city. The money used to buy the

28

then-private land was loaned from the BSP. The land was given to the LGU with only a

proper sewage system, but no available electricity or water services. The housing costs

Php. 175,000 and with the help of the Housing and Urban Development Coordinating

Council (HUDCC) the housing costs was decreased to Php. 140,000. In total, two contracts

were given to the relocatees: one contract was for the housing and the other for the land or

occupied lot. Both contracts are Loan Agreements that serves as proofs of the legitimacy

of the relocatees as beneficiaries who are given rights to occupy and live inside the

resettlement area.

At the present, the Northville II-B in Barangay 171, Bagumbong, Caloocan City,

managed to get water services (through Maynilad but with a contracting company or

concessionaire, IWADCO), and electricity (through Meralco). Multipurpose areas, such as

the basketball court, can be used as alternative locations for daycare services, religious

activities, entertainment purposes, and also for community programs and seminars. People

set-up stores in front of their home to sell different products such as seafood, meat, dairy

products, fruits, and vegetables. Cooked foods are also sold as well as other products. There

are also computer shops with printing, photocopying and other services.

In 10th Avenue, Caloocan City, along the railways, the place is brimming with

economic activity all day long. The railways itself served as another marketplace or an

extension of the 10th Avenue market. Near the railways is a busy road and several tricycle

terminals that allows a very easy access for transportation. There are also numerous

nurseries and school near the railways, like the Caloocan Central Elementary School and

Caloocan High School. Colleges or universities are also near with the University of the

East (UE), University of Caloocan City (UCC), STI Caloocan, Emmanuel John Institute of

29

Science and Technology (EJIST) in Grace Park, Caloocan City which also offers TESDA

or Vocational courses. For churches, there are numerous chapels nearby such as the chapel

established in the basketball court in M. Hizon Street, and also the San Roque Parish and

the Our Lady of Grace Parish in Grace Park, Caloocan City. There are also malls nearby

such as Ever Supermarket Caloocan, Victory Mall, and North Mall and also food

establishments such as Jollibee, Mang Inasal, Mcdonalds, KFC, and other franchises or

small food shops, eateries or food stalls. For healthcare, there are several clinics and

laboratories nearby, such as the Primelab Inc and other private clinics and also the local

health centers in different barangays, such as in Barangay 63. President Diosdado

Macapagal Memorial Medical Center (PDMMMC), now called the Caloocan City Medical

Center, is a well-known public hospital among Caloocan 10th Avenue residents, although

the hospital is also known for its scarcity in equipment and dismal services. The name

change was due to the people calling it as ‘Diosdedo Macapatay-Tao Memorial Medical

Center’ which emphasizes the irony that the hospital ‘kills rather than cures’. From the

railways, once can reach the Caloocan City Hall with a single jeepney ride. The different

facilities can be easily reached because of the easy access to transportation. Even Police

officers are easy to contact with the Judicial Hall located beside the railways. The railways

is always brimming with economic and social activity, however, crimes, floods and other

health risks still pose as a threat to these communities. Fights between gangs or fraternities,

although rare, can still involve innocent civilians, train accidents still remain as a threat.

Additionally, there are health risks from stagnant water canals that might cause illnesses

and diseases, especially when children play along the canals without adult supervision.

30

CHAPTER III

DATA SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS

DATA SUMMARY

Responde

nt/Age/

Present

Work

Education Livelihoo

d

Crime and

Safety

Transportati

on

Health Accessibility to

Electricity,

Clean and

Potable Water

and Food

Housing Other Issues Proposed Solutions

Edna

Mayrina,

68

-

Beautician

in 10th

Avenue,

Caloocan

City

-Nearby

public

elementary

and high

school

(walking

distance and

within the

community)

-accessible

school

supplies

stores

within the

community

-Private

daycare

-No TESDA

programs

-No

livelihood

programs

-No job

fairs

-Murder,

Robbery

and Theft

-the police

and the

barangay

tanod

seldom

make

rounds in

the

community

-No

educational

programs

regarding

crime and

disaster

safety

within the

community-

No

casualties so

far in the

-easy to

travel and

find public

vehicles,

however

tricycle fare

is expensive

- nearby

tricycle

(walking

distance)

and jeepney

(reached

through

tricycle or

by taking a

walk)

terminals

-regular and

weekly

system of

garbage

disposal

-no nearby

public

hospitals

(only private-

Ambulance

can be

borrowed

from the

barangay with

a fast response

rate

-Nearby

health center

with

accessible

community

health

programs

-No problems

with the

accessibility to

potable water

and electricity

-No problems in

the payment for

these utilities,

-food is

accessible,

-Satisfied with

the size and

structure of the

house

- they have to

spend in order

to strengthen

and improve the

house

-30 years of

payment with

additional 100

per year.

-Php. 1,000 was

given as

compensation,

along with

grocery

-satisfied with

the housing

payment and the

compensation

-No land title,

since it will be

-NA- -Livelihood for the

people

-Livelihood was

promised in the

resettlement program

but it hasn’t been

fulfilled yet

-Access to credit and

loans in order to start

and fund small

businesses

31

past

typhoons

-no

evacuation

center

-no

emergency

equipment

- heatstroke

and heart

attack among

old people

given after

finishing the

whole payment

for the program

Teodora

Ermino,

42

-

housewife

, husband

is a

tricycle

driver in

10th

Avenue,

Caloocan

City

-Nearby

public

elementary

and high

school

(walking

distance and

within the

community)

-accessible

school

supplies

stores

within the

community

-Private

daycare

-No TESDA

programs

-No

livelihood

programs

-Unjust

death due to

the Oplan

Tokhang,

drug crimes

and rape

then

-The police

often make

rounds

-there are

crime and

disaster

safety

programs

(thru

barangay)

-Floods

occur near

the creek

-schools as

evacuation

centers

-no

emergency

equipment

-Tricycle

terminals

are easy to

access,

unlike

jeepneys

-

Satisfactory

pricing

system for

transportatio

n

-Satisfactory

Garbage

Disposal

system

-no nearby

public

hospitals

-Health center

with complete

equipment

--Health

programs such

as free

vaccines are

often accessed

through the

barangay

-Utilities have a

satisfactory

accessibility in

terms of quality,

and payment

-the size and

structure of the

house is

sufficient for the

family

- not strong

enough to

withstand

pressures

-land title is

given after 30

years of

payment

-NA- -there should be more

jobs to increase the

employment

-livelihood should be

promoted as a source

of income for the

people

Gwyneth

David, 52

-buy and

sale

vendor in

--Nearby

public

elementary

and high

school

(walking

-no

livelihood

programs

- no

available

slots or

-No serious

crimes that

often

happen in

the

community

-Public

vehicles are

easy to

access with

satisfactory

and

-Satisfactory

Garbage

Disposal

system,

- minimum

payment for the

water services,

-failure to give

payment for a

month would

-The size and

structure of the

housing is

sufficient for the

family

Starvation due

to lack of source

of income or

work

People must be

provided with

livelihood or jobs,

because the without

any source of income,

deviance may occur

32

the

railways

distance and

within the

community)

-accessible

school

supplies

stores

-No daycare

-Some

residents

already

registered in

TESDA

booths for

them in

the market

-nearby

factories

hire

workers

according

to their

skills

-Police and

barangay

tanods make

rounds

within the

community

-Crime and

Disaster

Safety

programs

(thru

barangay)

-Floods

occur near

the creek

-Schools as

evacuation

centers

-no

emergency

equipment

reasonable

fares

- nearby

transport

terminals

-No nearby

public

hospitals

- nearby

health center

(w/ active

personnel)

- dengue cases

-Public health

programs

(thru

barangay)

-health risks

during

summer

lead to the

disconnection of

the resident’s

water services

-No significant

problems

regarding

electricity and

other utilities

-there are mini-

markets within

the community

where food can

be accessed,

however, the

prices would be

a bit higher

since some

suppliers are far

from the

resettlement

area.

-the house is

strong enough

to withstand

pressures

-Land title still

not yet available

and can only be

availed after the

completion of

the payment

-Php. 1,000 is

given as

compensation

for the program

Lilia

Perlas, 49

-fish and

vegetable

vendor in

the

railways

- Nearby

public

elementary

and high

school

(walking

distance and

within the

community)

-Costly

daycare

expenses

-rental

fees in the

talipapa

(plus other

fees for

utilities).

-Theft and

Robbery

-Police and

barangay

tanods make

rounds,

however,

this doesn’t

guarantee

safety at all

times.

-Floods near

the creek

are usually

as deep as

half of the

house.

-transport is

easy to

access

-Tricycle

terminals

are a bit far ,

while

jeepney

terminals

are better to

be accessed

via tricycle

- Costly

fares

-No nearby

hospitals

-slower

response rate

for

ambulance,

-the health

center does

not have

complete

equipment

- often heat

strokes and

heart attacks

during

summer

-Satisfactory

Garbage

-Satisfactory

utility services

-Payment for

water services is

based on the

amount of

consumption

-the size and

structure of the

house is

sufficient for the

family

-the relocatees

strengthened the

raw house with

their own

resources

-People are

obligated to pay

for the housing

-the Php. 1,000

compensation is

not enough to

fulfill and

satisfy the

-Starvation, if a

person does not

have any work

or a relative that

can help.

- the continuous

borrowing of

money leaves

the person

buried and tied

with debt

-people must have

access to credit or

loans that can give

them sufficient capital

to start a business

-stalls in the market

must not be rented

33

-Evacuation

center is

still under

construction

-the

basketball

court and

schools can

also be used

as

evacuation

centers

-no

emergency

equipment

Disposal

system

necessities of

the people in the

long term.

-According to

some, others

have received

greater amount

of compensation

-Land title is not

yet available

and can only be

availed after

finishing the

payment.

Natividad

Makaran

with Lina

Lambino,

Unspecifi

ed Ages

-Natividad

works as a

dressmake

r in

Bagumbo

ng, She

was a

dressmake

r too

(before

being

relocated)

in Grace

Park (10th

Avenue)

and owns

a beauty

parlor (but

abandone

-Nearby

public

elementary

and high

school

(walking

distance and

within the

community)

(K-12)

-college

students in

the area go

to

Novaliches

and other

cities.

-accessible

school

supplies

stores

within the

community

-Nearby

private

daycare

-

livelihood

programs

are not

accessible

to

everyone

-Police and

barangay

tanods make

rounds in

the

community

-conflicts

and fights

against

neighbors

-No serious

crime that

often

happen in

the

community

-floods

occur near

the creek

-crime and

disaster

safety

programs

(thru

barangay)

-Nearby

terminals of

jeepneys

and tricycle

with

reasonable

prices/ fares

-Nearby

health center

-No nearby

Public

hospitals -

Children

mostly catch

common colds

while the

elderly

population are

vulnerable to

stroke and

high blood

-Children in

Natividad’s

family had

dengue cases

inside the

Bagumbong

resettlement

-disconnection

to different

utilities is quite

common, due to

the failure in

payments

- sometimes the

water appears to

be rusty or

unclear

- because of the

poor quality of

water at certain

times, some

residents opt to

buy mineral

water from

water stations

inside the

community

-The size and

structure of the

house is

sufficient for the

family (but not

for a big family)

-the house

cannot

withstand great

pressures

-Land titles are

still not yet

available for

those who are

not yet fully

paid in the

housing

program. The

payment also

increases due to

interests.

-applying for

jobs is a bit hard

for someone

with incomplete

job

requirements

-the completion

of required

documents for

job application

may cost Php.

1,000-3,000

-some remain

unemployed

since they gave

up in looking

for jobs

-the housing should

be provided for free

-more factories near

the resettlement

-job hiring as

sponsored or referred

by the barangay

34

d it after

being

relocated)

(pblic

daycare can

be accessed

in the

barangay)

-No TESDA

programs

-schools

serve as

evacuation

center

-emergency

equipment

(thru

barangay)

-Easy entry

of

ambulance

and

firetrucks

Erlinda

Natividad,

68

-

unemploy

ed,

sometimes

she return

to her

house in

Bagumbo

ng but she

also lives

with her

son in 10th

ave.

Caloocan

City

-Block

leader and

an ethics

committee

member

of their

cooperativ

e

- Nearby

public

elementary

and high

school

(walking

distance and

within the

community)

(still haven’t

adopted the

K-12

program)

-accessible

school

supplies

stores

within the

community

-Nearby

private

daycare and

nursery

(kinder

grade is

already

available in

the public

-Training

programs

(under

NHA) are

only

conducted

in the past

And are

not

accessible

for

everyone

-Money,

for

capital, is

provided

by none

other than

the

residents,

themselve

s

- job fairs

in the past

are mostly

targeted

for the

-no

casualties

from past

typhoons

-cases of

drowning in

the creek

-unjust

killings due

to the Oplan

Tokhang

-Robbery

and rape

-the

barangay

tanods only

make

rounds until

12 midnight

-slow

response

rate from

the

barangay

-No crime

and disaster

security

programs

-access to

transport is

fairly easy

-satisfactory

garbage

disposal

-every

Wednesday, a

doctor is

available in

the health

center

-3

grandchildren

had dengue at

the same time

and was

followed by

another two

- some

hospitals

prioritizes

their locals

-public health

programs for

senior citizens

and children

-health

workers make

rounds in the

community in

-At first, they

only used

candles and

deepwells since

the community

lacks water and

electricity

services

-payment for

water services is

done by the

cooperative

-the minimum

payment for

water services is

Php 210 for 7

cubic. A

consumption of

8 and 9 cubic is

considered as 10

cubic with a

payment of Php

320 plus shared

capital plus

system loss

-the deep well,

back then,

produce

-in the past,

NHA prohibited

the selling or

renting out of

houses

-the design and

structure of the

housing is

sufficient for the

family (but not

for big families)

-the residents

are the ones

who fixed and

strengthened the

house

-Php. 1,000 was

given as

compensation

by the NHA

-30 years of

payment for the

housing

-land titles still

not yet available

-30 years to pay

- because of the

poor living

conditions in the

Bagumbong

resettlement

-conflicts

between people

with different

place of origin

-the barangay

hall is a bit far

from the

resettlement

area

-almost half of

the houses in

the area are

occupied by

registered

relocatees while

some already

sold or rented

out their houses

and returned to

their former

community

(along the

railways)

35

elementary

school)

-No TESDA

programs

unemploy

ed youth,.

-no nearby

talipapa

-the main

road is the

most

conducive

location

for selling

goods

- schools as

evacuation

centers

-emergency

equipment

(thru

barangay)

conducting

health

programs

yellowish and

oily water

-Satisfactory

service for

utilities

-at first, there

were only few

nearby stores or

food stalls

Maria

Evelyn

Resurrecci

on, 57

-Laundry

in 10th

Avenue,

Caloocan

city

- Nearby

public

elementary

and high

school

(walking

distance and

within the

community)

-accessible

school

supplies

stores

within the

community

-Nearby

daycare (but

no clue

regarding

the fees)

-No TESDA

programs

within the

community

-4Ps, as a

livelihood

program,

does not

cover all

the

residents

in the area

-No

available

slots in

the

talipapa

-

occasional

ly, NHA

posts job

hiring

-Unjust

killings due

to Oplan

Tokhang

-Police and

Barangay

tanods are

helpful in

resolving

issues and

often make

rounds in

the

community

-crime and

disaster

safety

programs

(thru

barangay)

-Floods

occur near

the creek

- schools as

evacuation

center

- emergency

equipment

(thru the

barangay)

-easy access

to

transportatio

n terminals

and fair

prices or

fares

-Satisfactory

Garbage

Disposal

system

-Common

colds are

common,

especially

during

summer

-free check-

ups and

medicines in

the nearby

health center

-No nearby

public

hospitals

(only private

ones)

-Ambulance

can be

accessed

through the

barangay but

with a slow

response rate

-No water and

electricity

services, at first

-Water is

through

NAWASA and

can be suitable

for drinking

-there’s a

minimum pay

for water

services

-usually

-eateries and

food stalls are

available in the

community,

with reasonable

prices of at least

Php. 15-20

-low roofing of

the house

cannot protect

the people from

intense heat (no

proper

insulation

either)

-size and

structure of the

house is

sufficient for the

family and can

be increased

with additional

payments

-the raw house

cannot

withstand great

pressures

-Land titles can

only be availed

after finishing

the payment for

the housing

-NA- -market within the

community

36

Mary Jane

Natividad,

28

-sells

foods

(snacks,

sandwiche

s and

meals) in

the

railways

- Nearby

public

elementary

and high

school

(walking

distance and

within the

community)

-accessible

school

supplies

stores

within the

community

-Private

daycare

-No TESDA

programs

-the

resettleme

nt area is

far from

people’s

jobs

-No

livelihood

programs

- no

available

slots in

the

talipapa

-no nearby

marketpla

ce

-drug

addiction,

rape and

murder

-some

crimes are

ignored

-overflow of

water in the

creek results

to floods

-

multipurpos

e hall within

the

community

serves as

evacuation

center

-Nearby

transport

terminals

but with

costly fares

-Nearby

health center

with complete

equipment

-Satisfactory

Garbage

Disposal

system

-Medical

missions that

are not

accessible for

some

- certain days

are allotted for

dental check-

ups, maternal

health and

vaccination

-Water,

sometimes,

appear to be

rusty

-Expensive

payments for

utilities

-disconnection

to electricity

services due to

failure to pay

within 2 months

-Php. 1,000

compensation in

the housing

program

-size and

structure of the

house is enough

for the family

-the raw house

cannot

withstand great

pressures

-Land titles are

still unavailable

-NA- -the residents must be

provided with

livelihood and more

jobs

Mary Joy

De Leon,

29

-sells

Avon

products

-also sells

spiders at

home

-only

rents

house in

Bagumbo

ng

- Nearby

public

elementary

and high

school

(walking

distance and

within the

community)

-accessible

school

supplies

stores

within the

community

(but some

services like

printing and

photocopyin

g have

-Lingap

and 4Ps as

livelihood

programs,

does not

cover all

the

residents

in the

communit

y

-nearby

factories

can be a

source of

income

-some

prefer to

put up

businesses

within the

-Tokhang,

Drug

Addiction,

Robbery

and Rape

-Slow

response

rate from

the

barangay

tanods (they

do not

make

rounds in

other parts

of the

community)

-Curfew

Time is

implemente

d but was

-Almost one

and half

hour travel

from Baesa

to

Bagumbong

due to

heavy traffic

-Tricycle

rides are

harder to

access

during

Monday

mornings

-some

tricycle

drivers set

higher fares

-medical

supplies,

sometimes,

run out in the

medical center

-slow

response rate

for ambulance

-floods occur

near the creak

-schools as

evacuation

center (10

minute walk

from their

house)

-common

colds during

summer

-Satisfactory

Garbage

-costly

payments for

utilities,

reconnection fee

for electricity

services is

around Php.

5,000

-Water appears

to be rusty

during mornings

-Buying mineral

water regularly

for drinking

because

drinking tap

water causes

diarrhea for

children

-size and

structure of the

house is

sufficient for the

family

-the house is not

strong enough

to withstand

great pressures

-disputes

between leasees

and leasors

-not enough

support form the

barangay and

LGU

-merging the

elementary and high

school would provide

an easier access for

everyone

-faster response rate

from the barangay

37

higher

prices)

-Private

daycare

-No TESDA

programs

within the

community

communit

y

withdrawn

later on

-No crime

and disaster

safety

programs

within the

community

(can only be

accessed in

the

barangay)

-no

emergency

equipment

Disposal

system

-no nearby

public

hospitals

-free vaccines

are mostly

limited in

schools

Miriam

Pelicio

Kaypulo,

34

-her

husband is

a sidecar

driver in

10th

avenue,

stays at

home in

(housewif

e)

-formerly

sells

fishes,

crabs and

other

seafoods

in 10th

avenue,

Caloocan

City

- Nearby

public

elementary

and high

school

(walking

distance and

within the

community)

(already

adopted the

K-12

program)

-accessible

school

supplies

stores

within the

community

-Semi-

private

daycare

(around

Php. 7,000

per year)

-some

factories

discrimina

te by age

-numerous

requireme

nts for job

applicatio

n

-not

everyone

is not

covered

by 4Ps

-

livelihood

programs

sometimes

are not

accessed

by the

ideal

targets or

beneficiari

es

-Theft,

robbery,

rape

--Police and

Barangay

tanods do

not make

rounds in

the

community

-slow

response

rate for

barangay

tanods

compared to

police

-No crime

and disaster

safety

programs

-Floods

occur near

the creek

-Costly

transport

fares

-Tricycles

are harder to

access

during

Monday

mornings

-Problems

regarding

ethics and

doctor-patient

relationship

-common

colds

-Satisfactory

Garbage

Disposal

system

(except on

holidays

especially

Christmas and

New Year)

-No nearby

public

hospitals

-Medical

supplies and

services in the

health center

are sometimes

unavailable

-costly payment

to water

services, due to

overpressure

-strict payment

rules for water

services

-Water

sometimes

appear to be

whitish due to

chlorine, and

muddy

-to ensure

safety, they buy

mineral water to

nearby mineral

water stations

-Size and

structure of the

house is

sufficient for the

family

-the house

cannot

withstand great

pressures

-failure to pay

for the housing

has a penalty

-stress due to

lack of finance

-burdens of debt

-ineffective

information

dissemination

-the

resettlement

area is quite far

from different

establishments

-some houses

are sold or

rented out by

their owners

-the main road

is the most

conducive in

setting up stalls

- Starvation

-only receive

Php. 1,000

compensation

from NHA, but

-construction of

church inside the area

-local public official

must go house to

house to know what

the people really want

and need

-the housing must be

provided for free

-Assertion of rights to

remain in the house, if

the NHA would evict

them from their house

-the residents must be

given more jobs and

livelihood

38

(along the

railways)

-Costly

school

expenses

(programs

and other

school

activities,

school

uniform,

etc)

-TESDA

programs

within the

community

is very rare

-numerous

expenses

in setting

up a stall

in the

talipapa

or

maketplac

e (rental

fees,

utilities,

etc)

-schools as

evacuation

center and

the open

fields near

the

community

are safe

zones in

earthquake

drills

-Vaccines are

often limited

to schools

-Health center

is not

available 24/7

was expecting

Php. 10,000

-not finishing

the payment for

the housing for

30 years would

mean eviction

Nieves

Banos, 52

-sells eggs

along the

railways

- Nearby

public

elementary

and high

school

(walking

distance and

within the

community)

(already

adopted the

K-12

program)

-accessible

school

supplies

stores

within the

community

-Nearby

private

daycare

(Php.

10,000 per

month)

-

Livelihoo

d

programs

are very

rare

-No

marketpla

ce or

talipapa

within the

communit

y, people

only set

up stalls at

the main

road or in

front of

their

houses

-Unjust

killing due

to Oplan

Tokhang,

and

Robbery

-the police

and

barangay

tanods are

helpful in

resolving

issues and

make

rounds in

the

community

-crime and

disaster risk

programs

(thru

barangay)

-floods

occur near

the creek

-easy access

to transport

vehicles and

terminals

with

reasonable

fares

-Satisfactory

Garbage

Disposal

system,

however some

still throw

their garbage

into the creek

-No nearby

public

hospitals

-Doctors in

the health

center are

only available

in certain days

-there are

accessible

public health

programs

within the

community

-

parasites/wor

ms, heat

-minimum pay

for water

services, for

those who

usually stay

outside the

community, the

Bukas-sara

system allows

them to pay for

what they

consume

-size and

structure of the

house is

sufficient for the

family (except

for large

families)

-the raw house

cannot

withstand great

pressures

-Land titles can

be availed after

finishing the

housing

payment

-Nieves doesn’t

know how to

speak or read in

English. She

doesn’t fully

understand the

contracts

-Only Php.

1,000 was

received for

compensation

-sari-sari stores

compete with

each other in the

resettlement

-more jobs, livelihood

and a nearby

marketplace

39

-No TESDA

programs

- costly

school

expenses

and

necessities

-schools and

basketball

court/gym

as

evacuation

center

-no

emergency

equipment

stroke and

asthma

especially to

very dusty

places

Rommel,

21

-member

of a dance

group

- Nearby

public

elementary

and high

school

(walking

distance and

within the

community)

-accessible

school

supplies

stores

within the

community

-Private

daycare

-Alternative

Learning

System is

available

near the

barangay

-no

livelihood

programs

-Robbery

and Drug

Addiction

-Police and

barangay

tanods are

helping in

resolving

issues and

regularly

make

rounds in

the

community

-Crime and

disaster

safety

programs

(thru

barangay)

-Floods

occur near

the creek

-emergency

equipment

(thru

barangay)

-access to

transport is

relatively

easy

-Satisfactory

Garbage

Disposal

system

-No nearby

public

hospitals

(only private

ones)

-Water

disruption

during 10 pm.

Connection is

often recovered

at 5 am

-size and

structure of the

house is

sufficient for the

family

-the house is

strong enough

to withstand

great pressures

-increased

number of

floors by

negotiation

-Land titles are

available

-Starvation

-Livelihood, more

jobs and other sources

of income

Rowena

Vargas,

45

- Nearby

public

elementary

and high

-losing

their

former

jobs

-No serious

crimes at

the present

-Easy access

to transport

vehicles and

terminals

-Satisfactory

Garbage

Disposal

system

-failure to give

payments to

water services

within a month

-size and

structure of the

house is

-Conflicts

between

neighbors

-inclusivity in

development

40

-formerly

owns an

eatery in

10th ave.,

but

currently

unemploy

ed in

Bagumbo

ng

school

(walking

distance and

within the

community)

-accessible

school

supplies

stores

within the

community

-Public

daycare

-No TESDA

programs

within the

community

-fewer

customers

inside the

resettlmen

t area

-

livelihood

programs

(Lingap,

4Ps, abot-

kamay)

are not

accessible

for

everyone,

and

sometimes

do not

accommo

date its

ideal

targets or

beneficiari

es

-No

nearby

marketpla

ce

-few

factories

nearby

-police and

barangay

tanods

seldom

make

rounds in

the

community

-No crime

and disaster

safety

programs,

disaster

drills are

often

limited to

schools

-floods

occur near

-schools as

evacuation

center

-No

emergency

equipment

with

reasonable

fares

-common

colds occur

often to

children

-No nearby

public

hospitals

would mean

disconnection

from the service

-Water appears

unclear during

rainy days

sufficient for the

family

-unsure of the

strength of the

house against

great pressures

-Land titles may

be available

upon finishing

the housing

payment

Thelma

Cuevas,

29

-

Unemploy

ed

- Nearby

public

elementary

and high

school

(walking

distance and

within the

community)

-training

programs

(like

haircuts

and hair

treatment)

-

Occasiona

lly, NHA

-Robbery

and theft

-Police and

barangay

tanods often

make

rounds in

the

community

-Easier

access to

transport

vehicles and

terminals,

however,

fares might

be too

-TB, might be

contagious

-her children

had primary

pneumonia

-Satisfactory

Garbage

Disposal

system

-Satisfactory

utilities services

-size and

structure of

house is

sufficient for the

family

-House is not

strong enough

against great

pressures

-Ineffective

information

dissemination

-Jobs in Caloocan to

prioritize Caloocan

residents who need

jobs

-People must assert

their rights for free

housing

41

-accessible

school

supplies

stores

within the

community

-Public

daycare

-No TESDA

programs

within the

community

-Alternative

Learning

System in

high school

posts job

hiring and

seminars

-Some

factories

only pay

below

minimum

wage

--Seminars

about crime

and disaster

safety is

often

limited to

the

barangay

and schools

-emergency

equipment

may be

accessed

through the

barangay

costly for

some.

-Health center

only

accessible

during

Mondays to

Fridays

-No nearby

public

hospitals

-fast response

rate for

ambulance

-health

workers make

round in the

community

during public

health

programs

-land title may

be available

after 30 years of

payment for the

housing

-some

relocatees

received more

than Php. 1,000

as compensation

Ella

Mamarin,

53

-President

of the

Homeown

ers’

Associatio

n in

Northville

II-B,

Bagumbo

ng

-her

husband is

a jeepney

driver

- Nearby

public

elementary

and high

school

(walking

distance and

within the

community)

-accessible

school

supplies

stores

within the

community

-Public

daycare

(under

DSWD)

within the

community

-

discrimina

tion in job

hiring,

some also

do not

meet

education

al

requireme

nts in job

applicatio

n

-below

minimum

wage in

some

factories

-No

nearby

marketpla

-at first,

fights

among

fraternities

and gangs

were

common

-Conflicts

against

neighbors

(due to

debts and

gossips)

-Barangay

tanods make

rounds in

the

community

until 12

midnight

-Easy access

to transport

vehicles and

terminals

with

reasonable

fares

-nearby health

center with

complete

equipment

-TB DOTS

-No nearby

public

hospitals

-Satisfactory

Garbage

Disposal

system

-TB, heart

attack and

high blood are

quite common

in the area

-free

medicines in

the health

center

-expensive

payments for

water services

-satisfactory

utilities services

-Some parents

live with their

sons and

daughters who

already have

families on their

own

-the raw house

is not durable or

strong enough

against great

pressures

-Land titles can

be availed after

finishing the

payment for the

housing.

However, the

process and fees

would be costly

-the housing

cannot be

provided for

free

-the Php. 1,000

compensation is

not enough in

the long term

-conflicts within

families due to

the stress from

poverty

-dialogues with NHA,

to remove penalties

and interests

-more jobs and

livelihood

-access to credit, to

start businesses and

assistance in the

completion of job

requirements

42

-No TESDA

programs

within the

community

- costly

school

expenses

ces or

talipapa

-No

livelihood

programs

at the

present

-the curfew

time was

implemente

d but was

lifted later

on

-there are

seminars

about

disaster risk

reduction

managemen

t and crime

safety

-schools as

evacuation

center

-no

emergency

equipment

-failure to pay

for the housing

would cost a

penalty,

however, this

further buries

the relocatees to

debt

Paul

Divina

(Living

conditions

in

Northville

1)

-President

of the

HOA in

Northville

1,

Punturin

With

Marina

Bozar

-Leader of

the

Northville

- Nearby

public

elementary

and

highschool

(walking

distance and

within the

community)

-nearby

private

college

-accessible

school

supplies

stores

within the

community

-Public

daycare

-

accessibbl

e

livelihood

programs

like

gardening

-below

minimum

wage in

other

factories

-

marketpla

ce inside

the

communit

y and

different

business

-Unjust

killings due

to Oplan

Tokhang,

Drug

Addiction

-People do

not trust the

police due

to a number

of cases of

unresolved

crimes

-gangfights

in the past

-easy access

to transport

vehicles and

terminals

-Medical

missions, with

the help of

LGUs

-nearby health

centers

–delays in the

response of

ambulance for

emergencies

-medicine

supplies

sometimes run

out whenever

there is a

delay in the

delivery of

supplies from

DOH to the

health centers

-Individual

meter for water

services, thus,

they pay what

they consume

-they were

given Php.

50,000 by NHA

to build a house,

unlike in

Bagumbong

where they are

given raw

houses

-penalty and

interests in the

payment for the

housing

-the people are

not allowed

anymore to

return to their

former

community

-conflicts

between people

of different

place of origin

-Chapter of mass

movements or

people’s organizations

within the area

(Gabriela in alliance

with KADAMAY)

-Removal of interests

and penalty in the

payment for housing

-dialogues and

negotiation with NHA

–the barangay is very

near to the

resettlement area

-Active engagement

of the HOA and

LGUs in developing

the community

-nearby fire and

police station

43

Table 3: Summary of Responses of the Respondents living in the areas of Northville II-B, Northville 1 and 10th Avenue, Caloocan City Railways

Prof. Allan Mesina (Licensed urban planner) NHA Office Bagumbong

Problems

-people return to their former communities because it is where they can earn income

-perfunctory, persuasion (people are only convinced or persuaded in consultation

meetings)

-Why do we have urban poor communities in the first place?? (reflection of

maldevelopment)

Problems

-as much as they want a holistic approach (in which livelihood is included), NHA has

limited funds for the programs

-private land, Dela Cruz (owner of Norca Homes)

-While NHA has a livelihood council, their mandate focuses on housing

-‘development’, in what aspect?

-due to the privatization of water by Maynilad, there are bulk selling schemes in

resettlement projects, in which, everyone has an individual meter but Maynilad will

only read the mother meter. Maynilad has a contract with the concessionaire who also

has a contract with the cooperative

-bulk selling allows higher payments for water services

Solutions/Alternatives

-Community Participation, (housing, facilities)

-What do the people prefer? Off-site? On-site?

-the selected location for the resettlement must have access to employment and must

fit to the needs and preferences of the people

-Church: culture of religiosity

-TESDA or other NGOs should cooperate by giving trainings and seminars, and also

livelihood

-Access to credit, marketing and Technology

-triggering economic development by boosting small industries and businesses within

the community (trainings, access to market, credit and capital)

Solutions/Alternatives

-livelihood programs and trainings

-in partnership with DSWD, vegetable gardening

-inter-agency efforts

-referral system from recruitment agencies

-in-city is preferable, however, if there are no available lands and must get out of the

city, people still should be close from their point of origin

-The Php. 35,000 subsidy from the HUDC is deducted to the total loan for the

program- The Balik-Probinsya program is in partnership with DSWD, in this program,

tickets are given (for bus rides and for other transport

-the compensation depends on the project

-Php. 1,000 compensation

Table 4: Summary of Responses of Professor Allan Mesina and the NHA Office within Northville II-B

I Chapter

of

Gabriela

-member

of

KADAM

AY

within the

community

-TESDA

programs

within the

community

- costly

school

expenses

(junkshop,

dress

shop, etc)

-trees reduce the heat

in the area

-gardening programs

44

DATA ANALYSIS

EDUCATION

The availability of accessible public elementary and high school is not an issue for

the community because annexes of the Bagumbong Elementary and High School was built

within the community. Both schools already adopted the K-12 program, but some aren’t

aware of it, this is because of some who do not stay long in Bagumbong like Erlina, or they

do not have children or relatives studying at the school annexes (either their children are

already finished in pursuing elementary and high school studies, or their children are

attending another school that is outside of the community). There are also nearby school

supplies stores and also computer shops that offers internet services, computer rents,

photocopying, printing, and other services. However, as Mary Joy said, the prices for some

services are higher than the usual pricing. In Bagumbong, photocopying is typically 2 pesos

per paper, whereas, in 10th avenue, the average price would be 1 peso per paper (and may

go lower to 50 or 75 centavos per paper). The more or less 1 peso difference matters for

them because, in the long run, the 1 peso difference can contribute to their expenses or to

their savings.

There are no nearby colleges or universities, and at the present, there are no

programs by TESDA within the community. According to Thelma, TESDA programs are

available outside the community, like in Evergreen subdivision, or it can be accessed

through the barangay as Ella have mentioned. As an alternative to this, the Alternative

Learning System or ALS is available in Bagumbong High School, however, not everyone

is aware of it. Additionally, according to Miriam’s experience, there was a fee, amounting

to 300 pesos, in availing a TESDA program in Camarin. As much as she want to study, for

45

her, it is much more practical to look for a job. Studying might be a hindrance in her duty

in watching over her children and guarding the house. Looking for a job is more preferable

for her as it would give them additional income, unlike studying which would be an

additional expense for the family. There are nearby daycare centers, however, it is very

evident in Table 3 that the responses given regarding the daycare centers are very different

to each other, some would claim that there are no nearby public daycare centers and one

would have to spend around Php. 7,000-10,000 to enroll their children. Ella and Thelma

mentioned that there is a public daycare in the court/multipurpose, however, most of the

respondents’ answers stated that there are only private daycare centers nearby. Mary Joy

mentioned that even nurseries would require a fee of 250 pesos per month, excluding other

expenses such as uniforms, bag, and other school equipment.

Some respondents have children studying outside the community. Since the

resettlement is a bit far from other areas like the barangay hall, the students and their

families are challenged by the costs and hardships in transportation. This would be

discussed later on in the Transportation section. Because of the distance of other schools,

some students who study outside the community must adjust their time, so they can still

have some time to study. This is also especially hard for college students, since there are

no existing colleges or universities within or near the resettlement. Tertiary Education

would be inaccessible, not only because of the distance of the community to public and

private universities, but also because of the burden of expenses (school expenses, tuition

fee, daily allowance, transportation and other expenses).

The access to Education is continually challenged in the resettlement because of

additional school expenses. The implementation of the K-12 program also provided more

46

years of school expenses to the students and their families. Despite of free tuition in public

elementary and high schools, expenses from school activities Miriam cited an experience

where she paid 500 pesos for a dance activity for her daughter, within a week, she has to

pay 1,500 pesos for a teambuilding activity. Her husband, who works as a sidecar driver,

only brings 150-200 pesos daily but they have no choice if such payments are required by

the school. Without a sufficient and stable source of income, Education remains to be

inaccessible.

LIVELIHOOD

4Ps, Lingap and Abot-kamay program from the national government is still present

for the residents, however, these programs are sometimes unable to reach their ideal and

target beneficiaries. Rowena mentioned that her family was not qualified, despite their

necessity to gain access, because these programs often look for families with more children.

Miriam also complained that sometimes families who are better off are the ones who

benefit in these programs. Ella mentioned that being qualified does not provide much help

because the money given by the program are easily used up by daily necessities and

expenses.

Training programs are conducted back then, examples of such were handicraft-

making, creating soap, dishwashing liquid, processed meat, etc. According to Erlinda, these

programs were not accessible for everyone and only selected ones can avail or access these

programs, this is also true for Miriam, as she mentioned that sometimes, those who are

only close to the higher-ups have easier access for opportunities. These programs might

have stopped because of a certain time when a beautician training program was reported

after it triggered allergic reactions to other participants. Another problem with training

47

programs is that the residents find it hard to apply what they learn because they have no

money or starting capital that they can use to start a business, nor do they have an easy

access for materials that they can use for the production. Unlike in the case of Northville

1, Paul mentioned that they have gardening programs, not only the people were taught, but

were also given seeds and other necessities. They even have a market inside the Northville

1, whereas, Northville II-B doesn’t have a market inside the community. The people only

set up stalls in front of their homes. Erlinda cited the experience of Mang Paking, he was

known for his handicraft products like bags. He spent his own money to start a business,

but due to few potential buyers, he closed his business. The most conducive area to get

more buyers is the main road, and selling in minor roads or far from the main road, will

not guarantee many customers, that is, unless you’re already known by the people and you

already have regular buyers, this is why Erlinda’s family carry their table from their house

(which is situated along the minor roads) to the main road, however, despite the main road

being conducive for selling goods, Erlinda stated that due to the emergence of new sellers,

her sales dropped significantly. This is one of the reasons why people choose to return to

the railways and continue their businesses there. As Professor Allan Mesina (2017)

mentioned, due to the lack of opportunities and lack of livelihood in the community, the

relocatees would return to where they find greater opportunities, which is in this case, along

the railways; because in the railways, they know that they have a hundred percent guarantee

of accessing necessities, besides, they are already used in the life along the railways. They

already mastered and adapted well in the railways environment and they believe that they

can thrive well in their former communities. In the railways, they already have regular

buyers and they are already known by many of the buyers. The railroads is also busy with

48

crowds too, because people go there because they already know that there is a market in

that area. Earning money is not that hard along the railways, as Lilia pointed out, even with

just assisting other vendors in the railways, you can already earn money to buy food and

other necessities. Miriam further illustrated the difference in the living conditions between

the Bagumbong resettlement and the railways, she mentioned that sardines, back in the

railways, were only eaten as snacks, but in the resettlement, it’s already treated as a meal.

Because of having enough income in the railways, she can afford to cook roasted chicken,

or pancit for her children, but in the resettlement, these foods are only eaten rarely. The

fish innards which were only treated as scraps by vendors in the railways and only given

to cats and dogs, is now something they eat regularly. She complained that what dogs and

cats eat at the railways are sometimes much better than what they eat in the resettlement.

The problem with the talipapa is that, not only it is far from the resettlement, but also, it is

already full now and if one managed to get a slot, they would be burdened with rental fees,

expenses for utilities such as electricity and water, and also payments to their suppliers.

Adding up all these expenses, they would be left with little to negative profit because the

competition in the marketplace. Unlike in the railways, as Lilia have said, 100 pesos is

enough to start a new business, since there are no rental fees in setting up a stall. Being

relocated also means that you will be most likely be separated from your former job. Maria

Evelyn is now living as a housewife, and as much as she want to start a business again, like

in her former job, which is managing an eatery or carinderia, she has no guarantee of

potential customers, since people in Bagumbong mostly cook for themselves and eat inside

their homes. Natividad also has to leave her beauty parlor in Grace Park, Caloocan after

being relocated to Bagumbong, she started sewing clothes again in Bagumbong as her

49

source of income. As much as NHA wanted to take a holistic approach in establishing

resettlements (and they have the Livelihood Council that may take action in supporting

people’s employment and livelihood), they lack funds to do so. Also, the mandate of NHA,

according to the NHA Office in Bagumbong, is too stiff and inflexible (only focusing in

socialized housing) compared to the power of LGUs which has more autonomy. They need

the help of LGUs and other government agencies to resolve other issues such as health,

employment, etc.

Rarely, NHA posts job hiring, but, it mostly targets the youth. Parents in the

resettlement prefer the youth to focus on their studies, rather than be distracted by jobs.

While there are nearby factories around the resettlement, completing the job requirements

is a hard task, it may be costly in terms of money, time and energy. Because public facilities

are far from the resettlement area, completing the job requirements would be costly because

of the transportation. Discrimination based on age or appearance is common too, Miriam

aims to apply in the Magic Sarap factory because it also accepts people of ages greater than

34. Ella also mentioned that some factories view people with tattoos or with alcoholic

history as undesirable, hence, they are immediately disqualified in the hiring process.

Failing the medical examination would also mean disqualification in the hiring process,

however, because of the poverty in the resettlement, it is no doubt that the relocatees would

be vulnerable to different diseases (this would be tackled deeper under the section of

Health).

If one is hired in a factory, there is no guarantee that they would be paid

accordingly, some factories pay their workers with salaries lower than the minimum wage

(around 300 pesos per month). Thelma was once hired in a food packaging factory where

50

they are paid with 11 pesos per 100 packs of chips, even her Social Security System (SSS)

was not properly funded by the company. This is why some are hesitant in applying to

factories, but working in establishments outside the community is not practical for them

too, since their salary would be consumed greatly by their daily allowance (especially by

transportation, since the resettlement is a bit far from other commercial establishments).

CRIME AND DISASTER SAFETY

Majority of the respondents approve of the Oplan Tokhang, especially after it

managed to scare the people from committing crimes. Some respondents do not approve at

this program, especially those with relatives who got killed. Erlinda’s daughter-in-law, who

was a drug user but not a pusher, was unjustly killed after several men barged in her house

and pulled the trigger on her head. Miriam also had an experience, when a man who was

chased by policemen, ran on the roofs of the houses. The thought of the roof breaking and

the man letting himself barge in their house and killing her family scared her. Robbery was

also common when the resettlement was first established. Thieves rob anything that is

outside of the people’s house (pots, hanged clothes, slippers, etc). At those times, Miriam

mentioned that she will not hesitate on killing if it means defending her family, since, some

thieves try to sneak in people’s houses so they can rob more goods and other properties.

People who work and return to their houses are also vulnerable to thieves and struggling

against them may risk their lives. For Gwyneth and Nieves, it is important to note that

people rob because of poverty and starvation. This is true, considering the Merton’s Strain

theory where people commit acts of deviance (in this case, robbery and theft) to fulfill

socially accepted goals (to be wealthy). Erlinda also mentioned a case where a young

woman was drugged and was raped by several men, and no one knows if the perpetrators

51

are caught and rightfully judged. A man raped his daughter and granddaughter but was not

caught or taken with legal action. This poses as a risk for the residents, especially to

women, this is why Miriam is willing to let her daughter spend more money on

transportation if it ensures her safety. This is also why a lot of parents approve in the

implementation of a curfew time, to ensure the security of the youth, however, the curfew

time was lifted by the LGUs, and thus, the barangays must comply and remove its

implementation.

There are police and barangay tanods or Bpat (Barangay patrol) who make rounds

within the community until 12 midnight. Some respondents answered otherwise, while

some answered that they do make rounds but mostly in the main road only. The Bpat,

according to the Ella Mamarin, the president of the Homeowners’ Association in Northville

II-B, are only volunteers who are not paid for their work. Most of the crimes happen at past

12 midnight, at a time when most of the Bpat are already unavailable or returned to their

respective houses, thus, they have a slower response rate during emergencies. Police

response is not reliable for the residents too, since there are no nearby police stations from

the resettlement area. When Erlinda’s daughter-in-law was unjustly killed, the police

response was late and they only managed to get police response from Bagong Silang,

Caloocan. Meanwhile, in Northville 1, a police station is established near the entrance of

the community, Northville 1 even has a fire station within the community. In the railways,

a judicial hall is stationed beside the railways, and there are also nearby barangay halls that

may send help in emergency cases.

There are also conflicts that may arise between people of different place of origin.

At first, fights between fraternities and gangs are quite common until it faded because of

52

the Oplan Tokhang, which scared away some from committing illegal acts. At the present,

conflicts arise because of the spread of rumors and gossips, and misunderstandings.

Conflicts between lenders and borrowers are common too, especially to some who are

already tied with a lot of debts and are unable to give payments. As Miriam have said,

lenders sometimes embarrass the borrowers who can’t pay, and from there the conflict may

worsen.

As for natural disasters, the respondents only pointed out that floods occur to areas

near the creek. So far, no house was destroyed by the past typhoons. Floods may also occur

due to the number of trash that clogs the flow of the creek. Cases of drowning, according

to Erlinda, also happen due to the rapid flow of the creek. During the typhoon Ondoy, the

houses near the creek was reached by the flood, but the residents of that area was not

evacuated and they only waited for the flood to subside. Some of them moved to higher

places for safety purposes. The court and the schools inside the resettlement area may

function as evacuation center, aside from these locations, there are no specialized

infrastructures that are solely for evacuation, but in case of earthquakes, the safest location

would be the open fields near the entrance of the resettlement. Most of the respondents

mentioned that there are no seminars or programs about crime and disaster safety, and

earthquake or fire drills are mostly limited to schools, however, according to Ella, the HOA

occasionally holds seminars about crime and disaster safety, if so, this is an issue of

information dissemination and the limited access of some residents (due to various reasons

such as their busy schedules). Emergency equipment is not available to individual houses

or even in the HOA but can be accessed through the barangay which is a bit far from the

resettlement area, so slower response rates are to be expected.

53

TRANSPORTATION

The tricycle terminal can be accessed through walking, while the jeepney terminal is

best accessed via tricycle, however, some would rather take long walks to save the 15-peso

fare from the tricycle area. While some respondents find both terminals to be quite easy to

access, for Miriam and Mary Joy, Monday Mornings are a hassle, there are a lot of people

who also ride the tricycle but the number of tricycles that can accommodate these people

is not enough. Some would even hit others with their elbows just to get inside the tricycle.

This is why Miriam lets her daughter ride the other tricycle terminal, where there is a

guarantee that her daughter can get a ride, although, the other tricycle terminal is a bit far

compared to the former. They have to adjust their time because she would have to walk a

longer distance to the latter, or she would have to wait so she could get a ride at the former.

Her daughter is also willing to spend more so she doesn’t have to ride a pooled tricycle, or

to ride with other students, because riding with other students would take up a huge part of

her time, since some students stop over at certain destinations to pick up their friends or

lovers. On the other hand, accessing a jeepney is not that hard to access since, you just

have to line-up at the jeepney terminal. Jeepneys travel regularly, and for the residents, the

number of jeepneys and drivers is enough to accommodate the people in the resettlement.

For most part, the fare system is reasonable, it’s just that, some tricycle drivers

charge higher fares than usual. Jeepney fares follow the minimum fare. Since the

resettlement area is a bit far from other public facilities, commercial establishments, etc,

people would have to spend more in transportation, for example, going to the Barangay

171 Hall would typically cost 60-70 pesos. Transportation also takes up huge part in the

daily expenses of students and workers. Erlinda’s grandchildren study at schools outside

54

of the resettlement area. Going to the La Consolacion College in Deparo would cost a 15-

peso tricycle ride to the jeepney terminal, 8-peso ride to Deparo and another tricycle ride

to the La Consolacion College. To access Best Link College, one must take a ride from

Fairview, as for Young Achievers’ School of Caloocan, it can be accessed with a 15-30

peso tricycle ride and an 8-peso jeepney ride. Transportation also remains to be one of the

reasons why people are hesitant in working outside the community, since it would take up

a huge part of their expenses.

HEALTH

There are no nearby public hospitals from the resettlement areas and only private

ones can be accessed. Public hospitals can only be reached through other cities such as

Tala (accessed by taking a tricycle ride from Bagong Silang) and Camarin. The new public

hospital in Camarin does not accept in-patient care at the present, since it still does not have

much equipment and personnel to accommodate people to such service. Some public

hospitals prioritize their locals first, hence, people from other cities who need medical

attention are casted aside; some hospitals also do not admit patients with wounds due to

knives or guns due to legal concerns.

The garbage disposal service and system are very satisfactory for the respondents

since, the garbage truck regularly comes 2-3 times per week (mostly Monday, Wednesday,

Friday) to collect the trashes. The regular collection of trash helps in the maintenance of

cleanliness within the communities and prevents the pile-up or accumulation of garbage in

people’s home. For Miriam, the only problem in the garbage collection are holidays,

particularly during Christmas and New Year, since, at those holidays people gather the

most garbage. Since both of which are declared as holidays, there are no workers who

55

would collect their garbage. Another problem would be the people who do not follow the

rules regarding garbage collection and only throw their garbage into the creek (which

causes the creek to get clogged and easily overflow). However, despite the cleanliness

within the resettlement area, there are still dengue cases, as compared to their former

community (along the railways), wherein Dengue cases aren’t very common for the other

railways residents. 3 of Erlinda’s grandchildren had dengue at the same time in the

resettlement and was followed by another two of her grandchildren, it was costly since the

children was admitted to San Lazaro, which is a private hospital, for immediate medical

attention.

Every summer, heat strokes, heart attacks and high blood pressure is common

among the elderly population in Bagumbong. This is because of the lack of trees in the

neighborhood that would lessen the exposure to heat. In the railways and even in Northville

1, there are trees that help in lessening the heat during summer. Trees, in the railways, are

almost directly beside the houses and the market stalls. Tuberculosis (TB) is also a common

case in Bagumbong because of the nutritional deficiency brought by poverty and starvation.

Poor health also restrains the people from getting accepted or hired in their job applications

because they fail in medical examinations. In times of emergencies, ambulance can be

borrowed from the barangay, however, it may have a slow response rate depending on the

situation. Thelma’s mother-in-law was fortunate that the ambulance came in a faster

response rate and she received an immediate medical attention. There are lots of

unfortunate cases such as with Otang, an acquaintance of Lilia, who died because of the

slow response rate of the ambulance and by the time they reached the hospital, she was

already dead. Miriam’s response according to this issue also paralleled with Lilia’s and

56

other respondents, calling and waiting for an ambulance, for them, is not a very reliable

action. For them, it is much better to rent a tricycle or a private vehicle and go to the nearest

hospital possible (however, only private hospitals are near the community, so either they

are forced to spend more in private hospitals or risk some time to reach public hospitals).

There is a health center within the resettlement, and also the main health center in

the barangay. The main health center is only open from Monday to Friday, and similarly

to the health center in the resettlement, they only have an available doctor during

Wednesdays. Sometimes, the medicine supply runs out whenever there is a delay in the

delivery of supplies and equipment from the Department of Health (DOH). Because of the

long lines and often running out on supplies, Miriam sometimes buy medicines in private

hospitals or to generic pharmacies whenever she goes to the 10th avenue to visit her

husband. Ethical concerns are also addressed, like harassment by medical personnel and

also the lack of private room, especially for women who are undergoing procedures such

as vaginal smearing. Due to lack of private rooms, some personnel or other clinic guests

witness private procedures and often give remarks that contribute to th feeling of insecurity

for the patient. This is why some are hesitant to go to the health center unless for emergency

or urgent purposes. The health center is not open 24/7 to cater to the medical needs of the

residents, some only endure stomach pains or go to other health facilities because the health

center is already closed. It also took a lot of time for the health center to be finished, the

people urged the authorities and the construction workers to finish the health center as soon

as possible because a lot of the residents are already getting sick or died without getting

proper medical attention.

57

Health programs such as vaccinations are common to schools, according to Ella,

they do have vaccination programs and other health programs within the community.

Health workers also make rounds in the community to successfully implement the health

programs, however, for some, these health programs remains to be inaccessible and for

others, they are not even aware of the existence of these health programs, this is due to

faulty information dissemination (which will be discussed further under the section of

‘Other Issues’). People even prefer to live in the railways because health programs are more

accessible in that area. Various organizations visit the railways to give medical services,

such as for eyesight, pregnant women, children, elderly, etc.

ACCESS TO FOOD, POTABLE AND SAFE WATER, AND OTHER PUBLIC

UTILITIES

At first, the residents only used candles and available deep wells for electricity and

water consumption. According to Edna, after their 3 months of stay, the resettlement

managed to avail electricity services from Meralco. The shallow deep wells are not reliable

for the water services, Erlinda mentioned that the deep wells sometimes release yellowish

and oily water, this is why the relocatees prefer to rely on water deliveries (30 pesos per

drum of water), since they do not trust the quality of the water from the deep wells, even

laundry is a bit hard with the water from the deep wells, since the yellowish oily water

stains their clothes.

At the present, the water services in the resettlement is now provided by Maynilad,

through a private concessionaire, Inpart Water Works and Development Corp. (IWADCO),

which is a known as a retail purified water business. While Maynilad has contracted with

the IWADCO, the private concessionaire also contracted with the local cooperative within

58

the resettlement for the water services, in which the payment will be collectively given by

the cooperative. While they have individual meter installed at every house, the reading for

the consumption will be obtained from the bulk meter or the ‘mother’ meter. Erlinda, a

member of their Ethics Committee and a block leader in the resettlement, explained the

mechanics of their payment in the water services, wherein the minimum payment for water

services is 210 pesos for 7 cubic. A consumption of 8 and 9 cubic is considered as 10 cubic

with a payment of 320 for plus shared capital and system loss, this is why some of the

residents have a staggering amount of 800 pesos or more for their water consumption. This

is unlike in the railways, where each household was installed with an individual meter,

hence, they only pay for what they consume, which is significantly smaller in amount than

what they pay for water services in the resettlement. Miriam also mentioned that there is

overpressure, the water rushes out of the faucet twice than normal, which increases the

amount of the consumption, and in the same way, it increases the amount to be paid too.

The payment for water services is strict, if one fails to give their payment within a month,

their water service would be cut off. Miriam also recalled a certain time when she asked

for an extension for the payment (she wants to pay it at 5pm since she was waiting for her

husband to return with some money for the payment), however, the employee answered

her with ‘ang gawin mo na lang, mangutang ka, kung wala kang mauutangan umuwi ka,

magsahod ka ng mga drum bago maputulan’ (‘You should just borrow some money, if you

can’t, then go home, get a drum and save some water before your water services would be

cut off). This enraged Miriam since she was just asking politely for an extension but the

employee’s reply was rude and inappropriate for her.

59

While the payment for electricity is significantly lower and more lax compared to

their payment for water services, a lot of families still get their electricity services cut off.

For reconnection, they must pay a reconnection fee plus another payment as penalty fee,

which costs around 5,000 pesos (according to Mary Joy’s case), this is why some endure

having no electricity service due to the costly reconnection process. This is the problem

with the privatization of utilities and public services, schemes such as bulk selling, high

reconnection fees and penalty fees are implemented in the name of profits.

For some, the quality of the water services is not satisfactory, in Rommel’s case,

the water services is disrupted every 10 pm and only returns at 5 am. In other cases, the

water appears unclear (due to chlorination of water), or muddy. To remedy this, the

residents let the unclear or muddy water flow from faucet until it becomes clear again,

while some, like Miriam, boil the water to ensure its safety. Exposure to chlorinated water,

according to the World Health Organization (2003), may trigger asthma, and even

dermatitis to some. In the same study by WHO, it was also reported that the exposure to

the consumption of chlorinated tap water is associated with the increased risk of bladder

cancer. While the long-term risks of the consumption and exposure of chlorinated water

remains to be debatable, some residents rely on mineral water stations for a potable and

clean water, like in the case of Mary Joy, she is willing to spend 25 pesos for a gallon of

mineral water after her children suffered from diarrhea from drinking tap water.

Despite having food stalls inside the community (people usually set-up stalls in

front of their houses) and also eateries or carinderias, food remains to be inaccessible to

several residents, and a lot of the residents undergo starvation due to lack of financial

resources to access food. With the community far from other commercial establishments,

60

some food stalls charge higher prices since they pay extra costs from distant suppliers.

Eating out in other commercial establishments would be costly too because of the

transportation expenses. The residents, especially those who are worse-off, are forced to

make do with what they can access within the community.

HOUSING AND LAND OWNERSHIP

The respondents find the 30 sq. m. lot and the 20 sq. m. house sufficient for the size

of their family. However, some families are too big for the house, the extension or adding

the number of floors or storeys requires that the whole housing must be paid fully. Some

negotiate and pay certain amounts with HOA and NHA while some do not ask for

permission from any of the agencies/organizations and proceed on renovating the house so

their whole family can fit in. These families are usually ones with many children, live with

their grandparents or the children already have families but these children still live together

with their parents.

The durability of the house against great pressures like heavy winds and rain,

earthquakes (particularly milder ones) and other strong external forces is not reliable. What

the people received is a raw house with uncemented hollow blocks. The relocatees used

their own money and resources in strengthening and fortifying the house. Lina cited an

experience about their neighbor who was about to create a divider in his house, however,

upon striking the wall with his hammer, the wall took a considerable amount of damage.

While it is true that so far, none of the houses are destroyed by the past typhoons, it is

important to note that, the present durability of the house is due to hardwork and resources

of the residents. The house was provided without any insulation and was directly covered

with galvanized corrugated metal roofing, this leaves the residents vulnerable to extreme

61

weather conditions, especially during summer as there is no insulation from the heat and

the heat radiates directly inside the house, leaving no protection against heat. The exposure

to extreme heat may affect one’s health, especially heat strokes and heart attacks to the

elderly population.

Only few of the relocatees don’t have much problems in terms of the payment for

the housing, as mentioned by Ella. Most of the relocatees are unable to pay and because of

the interests and penalties for each time they fail to pay, their existing balance for the

housing increases immensely that they can no longer afford to give payments for the

housing program. The housing program starts at 200 pesos per month, with 1% monthly

interest and 6% annual interest. The payment must be finished within 30 years, failure to

pay after 30 years would disqualify the relocatee in the ownership for the house and the lot

provided. Extensions may be given under negotiation. The housing costs 175,000 pesos,

originally, and because of the government subsidy, through the HUDCC, it was reduced to

140,000 pesos. Ella also mentioned that full payment in advance would be benefitted with

a 20,000-peso discount. As for the land title, as proof of ownership over the occupied land,

after the payment is fulfilled, a certificate of debt clearance will be given. The certificate

is not a strong proof of land ownership, so the awarded relocatee needs to process the

certificate, in order for it to be converted into a Transfer Certificate Title (TCT), the process

may cost more or less 5,000 pesos, according to Ella. This means that the fulfillment of

payment doesn’t have a 100% guarantee of ownership in the occupied land and one must

spend more in order to get a land title for legitimate ownership.

Other than the housing and the lot, the relocatees received 5 kilos of rice, canned

goods and 1,000 pesos as compensation fee. The 1,000 pesos, for the residents, is not

62

sufficient compared to their daily expenses plus construction expenses since they were the

one who fixed and strengthened their houses. Some claimed that, originally, the offered

amount of compensation is 30,000 pesos, some would claim 10,000 pesos, regardless of

the exact amount, the offer attracted the relocatees since they can use it as a starting capital

to start a new business. When asked if this was indicated in the contract, the respondents

answered no or they were not sure, since some, like Nieves, is not well-versed with the

English language and only signed the contract. Her children, who were busy with work,

school and other family matters didn’t get to read the contract, thus, they have no clue of

what is stated in the contract. The NHA Office in Bagumbong stated that these contracts

are the Loan Agreements which doesn’t include the compensation fees. The Loan

Agreement only included the 140,000-peso payment, which is why they think that the

people thought that the 35,000-peso subsidy will be given in cash, but, this was deducted

from the actual 175,000-peso cost of the housing. Some respondents, like Thelma and Lilia,

claimed that some residents were given more compensation money, some were given 3,000

pesos, while some managed to receive 18,000 pesos. They are uncertain of why these

people are given more compensation money, NHA, on the other hand claimed that the

compensation money would differ according to the LGUs involved, the context or situation

in the community, and government project that would operate in the community.

The consultation meetings, pre-relocation phase, aren’t that engaging for the

people. They were not asked much at what they want for the resettlement program and only

followed the wishes of the people to be relocated within the city. For Mesina (2017), such

is called perfunctory, when the consultative meetings defeat its purpose of consulting the

people, to ask them what they want or what are the things they want to be considered in

63

establishing the resettlement. The consultative meetings only aim to convince the people

to agree and cooperate with the relocation. The people are no longer asked what they

wanted and the meetings would only discuss what will happen as if it is inevitable or

already decided to happen. Miriam also expresses her doubt and distrust with NHA as she

pointed out the possibility of the NHA using scare tactics to force the people to relocate.

She recalls an event when gunshots are heard late at night near the houses of the people in

the railways who rejected the resettlement program. While the possibility of NHA not

being behind in this event still exists, this may make sense, considering the context of the

resettlement program. Edna, on the other hand, commends NHA and the LGUs in their

active cooperation during the relocation phase as people are helped in moving their

properties from their homes along the railways to the Bagumbong resettlement. Trucks

from NHA and LGUs were used during the relocation phase.

OTHER ISSUES

It is evident, in Table 3, that there is a problem with information dissemination in

the community. The range of responses of the respondents sometimes clash with each

other, like in the case of nearby daycares to which some claimed that there are no public

daycares within or near the community, while some would claim that they do have one,

and others would say that there is only a semi-private daycare nearby. There are also

differences in terms of availability public programs such as for health, crime and disaster

safety, and livelihood. Because of the faulty information dissemination, programs that

could have benefitted everyone become only accessible for some. Miriam recounted an

experience when the health center implemented a free teeth check-up. By the time the news

reach to her, the program already ended, she needed to avail to the program since she was

64

suffering from toothache. Another hindrance to the accessibility of programs is the power

relations that favors only selected people that can access these programs and gain priority

through money, social networks and status, position, or role in the community.

Miriam also brought up the fact that the resettlement do not have any established

or built chapels, parishes or church. A church is essential to a community as sometimes,

churches implement public programs with the help of their social networks or connections

to other organizations outside of the community. A church also help in maintaining social

values with its culture of religiosity. Religion also provides hope to people and may give

them empowerment and motivation.

Livelihood and employment is especially scarce and quite inaccessible in the area,

because of this, Starvation due to poverty is quite common. Starvation and Poverty also

contributes to problems in social interaction. Miriam sometimes gets stressed and irritable

whenever they lack money. Ella also reported fights in families due to starvation, it goes

between verbal fights and physical fights or violence. There is also a culture of defeatism

to some residents living under poverty, Natividad pointed out that some do not even bother

themselves in looking for jobs and only stay at home to pursue their vices such as alcoholic

drinks, gambling or even drugs. One might say that they should just find a job, but for these

people, they see their situation as a hopeless case, thus, they engage in destructive behavior.

Miriam, due to extreme poverty, is known by the people as “Sinop” (Farsighted or

Provident), since she would always pick up 5, 10 and 25-centavo coins which are often

deemed as worthless by people because it cannot buy anything on its own. For example,

candies usually cost 1 peso each piece, and a single 5, 10 or 25-centavo coin cannot afford

even a single piece of candy, thus people end up throwing these coins away or not accepting

65

them. But for Miriam, these coins are very valuable, because in the long-term, when she

already gathered more of these coins, it would have a worth. She can buy some snacks for

her children or for other expenses by using the accumulated amount of coins.

Money Lending businesses are also quite common in the community, due to lack

of money to afford necessities and services. People borrow money mostly because of

immediate and emergency expenses, like to buy food for their family, to pay for utilities,

school expenses and medical expenses. However, in most cases, people get buried by their

debts due to large interests that accumulate overtime, and since they lack a stable source of

income in the first place, it is most likely that they cannot pay back to their lenders. If they

would be pressured into paying their lenders, they resort to borrowing to other lenders,

thus, creating a cycle of debt. Other lenders are strict when it comes to payment and may

even humiliate the borrower, to exact authority over them or to pressure them into paying.

Conflicts may arise with the humiliation and may also affect how other people would

perceive both parties. When it comes to people’s perceptions. Gossips and rumors are quite

common in the community, that Ella often receive reports of conflict between people

because of a gossip that ruins the other party’s reputation. In a community of people from

different places of origin, misunderstanding and misperceptions are common, in which

gossips may originate. There is also discrimination due to the existing stereotypes

especially to people who came from Tondo Manila, since the place is known for rampant

crimes, hoodlums and violent fights. People who came from Tondo are often perceived as

perpetrators of crimes or troublesome people. Erlinda mentioned that in other blocks,

especially ones with more diversity in terms of people, are more frequent to have conflicts.

CHAPTER IV

66

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

CONCLUSION

Several studies, like the evaluation of the Tacloban resettlement by Thomas (2015),

showed the inefficiency of off-city relocation. Thus, in-city relocation is highly preferred

even by the NHA (see Table 4). However, the hypothesis of the study, which is, a mere in-

city relocation program is insufficient in providing necessities and opportunities to the

relocatees, was proven by the issues addressed by the gathered data.

From all the problems presented, the lack of stable source of income, detachment

or lack of engagement between the resettlement and the LGUs and the distance of the

resettlement from other public facilities, commercial establishments and other areas

interplays and greatly contributes to the inaccessibility of Education, Livelihood, Crime

and Disaster Safety, Healthcare, Food, Potable and Safe Water, Utilities, and Good and

Sustainable Housing. Other issues also include faulty information dissemination, lack of

ethics in services, etc.

There is a need to establish public colleges and universities near the resettlement

area. TESDA programs need to be accessible in the community, it is less likely that people

would avail to TESDA programs if it is only available outside of the resettlement, since

people would prefer to work outside than to study outside, as working outside would bring

in income than studying outside which would mean more expenses and no return of income

or money for the short. It is important to note that while accessing vocational training is

beneficial in the long term, it is important for the people to have a livelihood or stable

source of income that would sustain their daily necessities. This is why putting a TESDA

67

program inside the community reduces time, energy and financial cost for the people and

it would encourage them to avail the program. Acquisition of available unused and

unproductive private lands can be used in introducing livelihood programs such as

gardening which was also implemented in Northville 1, however, people in Northville 1

do not plant on fields, but on pots. While the ALS remains to be an alternative, the

relocatees are not aware of its availability within the community. Scholarship programs are

helpful too, but the Caloocan City Hall or the Barangay 171 Hall that may sponsor

scholarship programs are far from the resettlement.

Public Hospitals should also be built near the resettlement with complete equipment

and facilities. To prevent delays in medical supplies in health centers by DOH, the health

center must have a secure connection and engagement with PGH. Increases to health

personnel and facilities such as rooms are also suggested to accommodate more patients

and to ensure privacy in medical operations. Public Health research is highly encouraged

so the health center is aware of what health programs are relevant and are needed by the

relocatees. It may also help the health center on what equipment would they need to help

treat the people. This is also to take preventive measures against common diseases in the

resettlement. With the presence of an active health center and nearby public hospitals,

ambulance response rate is not much of a problem. There must be Health programs that are

accessible, an increase to health personnel that can make rounds and administer the health

programs may also provide an easier access. The LGUs, DOH, Barangay 171 and the

Northville II-B HOA must cooperate with each to make these programs successful.

The railways community in 10th Aveue, Caloocan is situated near the judicial hall

which a lot of police were stationed, while the Northville 1 community has a police station

68

situated near the entrance of the resettlement, however, in Northville II-B, Bagumbong,

there are no nearby police stations. The Bpat are not available 24/7 and are not able to

patrol some parts in the resettlement (as expressed by some responses in Table 4, in

contrary to some who responded that the Bpat patrols on a daily basis). Crimes are urgent

cases, and a nearby police station that can easily respond to resolve these and other

community issues is a must to ensure the crime safety of the respondents. There should be

a Disaster Safety committee established by the barangay, the Caloocan local government

and the Northville II-B HOA. The Disaster Safety Committee in partnership with other

organizations, and the LGU may conduct Disaster Safety Programs and seminars to

increase the awareness of the people and their readiness or preparedness against disasters.

This may also be further strengthened by integrating researches about dangers and hazards

in the community and hazard maps. The seminars must also introduce and provide an easy

access to tools and emergency equipment. For example, rape whistles and/or sample pepper

sprays to be introduced and given to families. Other emergency equipment can be made

available through the Northville II-B HOA, such as stretchers, emergency kits, lifeboats,

vehicles that can be used as ambulance, etc. Nearby evacuation centers must also be

established and the NHA must situate the ones they relocated near the creek to safer spaces.

The fact that they relocated these people to another danger zone (which is near the creek

that overflows and causes floods) means failure of the NHA to provide safer homes for the

people.

In the Northville 1 resettlement, the people expressed their opposition against the

bulk selling schemes of Maynilad and other private water institutions, and as a result, they

were installed with individual meters and only pay what they consume. The relocatees in

69

Northville II-B must follow the former’s example and assert their rights in accessing

potable and safe water, and quality water services. They must be supported by the HOA,

LGU and Barangay 171 officials for their requests. Better quality services shall fix the

issues or overpressure, and muddy or unclear water.

With the substandard housing design and structure, the community, led by the HOA

must initiate planting activities, especially trees, to reduce the impact of heat to the

community. The NHA also needs to remove penalty fees and other interests or give the

housing for free with the support of government subsidy to lighten the burden of the people,

since only few relocatees can afford to pay for the housing, while the others are already

buried with penalties and other interests that they can no longer afford the house, also

considering the remaining years of payment and their living conditions. This defeats the

vision, as well as the mission of NHA to provide homes for the homeless Filipinos.

Livelihood and the lack of stable source of income is the biggest issue in the

community. Because people do not have any source of income, they resort to crimes which

threaten their fellow relocatees, they cannot pay for school expenses, do not have any

money to afford food, healthcare transportation fares or to give payments to water and

electricity services, especially to the housing program. Inter-agency efforts must be

strengthened to cater to the needs of the relocatees, such as training and vocational

programs by the TESDA which was mentioned earlier. Issues in the sector of workers must

also be addressed, especially contractualization, discrimination (in terms of age, ethnicity,

appearance, etc) and harassment in the workplace, and also other issues as well. A market

must also be situated within or near the community and the market should also be

accessible to passersby and to nearby communities so the vendors would have greater

70

income. Small industries such as hair salons, handicraft stores can be established near the

market. The market must trigger a productive economic activity for the relocatees, since

the relocatees go back to the railways (thus, abandoning, selling or renting-out their houses)

because the railways has a good economic activity compared to the resettlement where

there are only few potential buyers and no existing market that is also known by nearby

communities. In order to have a good start in the business, the relocatees also need to have

a good access to credit or be given with a starting capital. Other industries such as

handicraft-making, or sewing, also needs to be updated with sufficient machines or modern

technology so they can have a more efficient production. All of these would provide the

relocatees and easier access to marketing and a more stable source of income that would

improve their living conditions.

Faulty information dissemination also hinders the accessibility of opportunities, in

the railways, the news spread easily because of active interaction and social networks and

also with the efforts of other nearby barangays in handing out fliers, announcing through

megaphone and loudspeakers, and letting its personnel make rounds to spread information

or to administer the programs. The HOA, in cooperation with the Barangay 171 and the

Caloocan City Government may adopt this technique. Just like in Northville 1, the

engagement and involvement of the Northville 1 resettlement, its barangay, and the

Valenzuela City Government is commendable. Of course there are still areas of

improvement, but within the resettlement, fire stations, multiple health centers, public

daycare, chapel, market and other facilities are already built. There are also gardening

programs through government agencies, the LGU, barangay and other organizations within

the community which helped boosted the economic activity inside the community. It is

71

important that the people have strong ties with the LGU and their barangay to keep the

community strong and productive for its residents. It is important too to recognize the

involvement of church or religion in the community-building process, since churches often

initiate outreach programs, educational programs and even health programs. Churches also

widen and maintains the social network of the residents, especially the more traditional,

religious, and conservative elderly population who participates actively to bible study

sessions and other religious activities. Religion, used in a right way, may also give

empowerment to people and may help in getting rid of destructive behavior brought by

defeatism and hopelessness. It may also help and serve as a social control to keep people

from doing crimes by emphasizing and instilling moral and religious values to the people.

The Northville II-B resettlement needs to take into consideration these aspects for the

development of their community.

Besides the curative solutions suggested, it is important to take preventive measures

to avoid the problems and issues faced by the Northville II-B resettlement and other issues

that are faced by other resettlements. Gilles (2012) in her study pointed out that the

selection of resettlement relies mostly on what is available, rather than on what is suitable.

This is true for the Northville II-B resettlement that are almost isolated from opportunities

and do not have any easy access to public facilities. Ballesteros and Egana (2012) also

mentioned that NHA does not have any criteria to the accessibility of employment and to

social facilities. The lack of criteria only promotes the disregard to people’s necessities and

the continuous conduction of perfunctory consultative meetings with the relocatees. It

should be mandatory that in the selection process, in-depth studies in candidate areas must

be conducted. It might be a long process of investigation, research and study, but it must

72

be strictly followed to prioritize the rights of the relocatees to have their access to public

services and to have safe homes. These studies and researches must be people-oriented and

has a direct involvement and participation of the people. Because, people themselves are

the ones who understand best their own context and issues, the people know what they

want and what they need. The government agencies and units must not detach themselves

from each other and must cooperate and coordinate with the people through inter-agency

efforts to effectively provide accessible public services to the people. Checklists, must also

be formulated by people’s organizations, as these checklists will serve as a criteria in the

selection of resettlements. These checklists should be based on multitudes of people-

oriented studies and researches on human resettlements in both rural and urban areas. It is

also encouraged for people’s organizations to form chapters in these resettlements, so

people would not hesitate on speaking up and expressing their concerns. The NHA must

also provide proper and free housing that is subsidized by the national government, unlike

the raw houses that were given that has substandard design and structure, new and efficient

technologies and techniques must be applied in the housing. The housing must also be

flexible in extensions, since big families are common in the Filipino society, such as

extended families. Some who already have families live with their parents for various

reasons like caring for their parents or clinging for economic and social privileges and

opportunities. If NHA wants to stay true to its mission and attain its vision, it must function

as a people-oriented housing agency, because failing in fulfilling the needs of the relocatees

would only cause the abandonment of their resettlement home and reconcentrating to urban

poor areas and be relocated again. The cycle of poverty, homelessness and relocation

ensues at each failed attempt of NHA in serving the people. It is important to note that a

73

safe home with access to quality public services is the right of the people, and it is NHA’s

job to fulfill the needs of the homeless and those who lives in danger zones and government

project sites. A mere housing program that only propagates poverty cannot sustain the

needs of their target and ideal beneficiaries.

It is also a question of whom NHA and other government agencies really serve in

the macro or national level. We recall, in the Chapter 2, that NHA’s mandate and vision

are geared towards safe and low-cost housing. However, the case of the Northville II-B

resettlement showed otherwise. While the housing is substandard, the housing payments

are problematic for the relocatees. From a danger-zone (the railways), some are relocated

near to another danger-zone (near the creek). Even the accessibility to public services is

not ensured by the agency. This is why the Kalipunan ng Damayang Mahihirap

(KADAMAY) continues its protests and activities to voice out the complaints and

necessities of the Filipino masses, particularly the sector of the urban poor. Marina Bozar,

a leader of the Northville I Chapter of Gabriela and a member of KADAMAY, pointed out

that the housing must be free, or at least, the interest rates and penalties must be removed,

to ease the payment system for the relocatees. The KADAMAY emphasizes that the

Filipino masses have the right for a free, sustainable, and humane housing. The settlements

approach of Gilles (2012) may contribute in developing the relocation program. It is

important to make the processes in the relocation program participatory and people-

oriented, unlike in the usual processes, wherein, the consultations (which is perfunctory) is

the only stage/phase that involves the relocatees. The relocatees must be in involved in the

area selection, designing of houses and the community, and other activities. The housing

program is meaningless if it is not for free and would only push the relocatees further into

74

Poverty. The relocatees are mostly members of the urban poor community and they are,

most likely, unable to fulfill the housing payments and are forced to take on debts or even

not pay at all. The government must subsidize the housing programs as part of its role to

deliver basic social services and fulfilling the rights of its people.

The data also proves Status Consistency (or Inconsistency, the lack of). As

mentioned in the theoretical framework, Wealth, aside from its financial dimension, can

also be interpreted as access to opportunities, while Power is the security of one’s access.

Prestige is the social status of the people, wherein, from informal settlers, they are now

relocatees, which are ideally legitimate settlers in the relocation area, under the housing

program of the NHA. Unlike being an informal settler, a relocatee enjoys better

opportunities by having a legal and legitimate ownership of their properties, under the

relocation and housing program. However, in this case, the relocatees are subjected to

worse conditions with very limited access to their necessities and opportunities. It is worse

compared to their past conditions in their former communities, since they have scarce

resources for livelihood and limited access to employment. Their economic conditions

restrains them to gain access to other services such as transportation. Along with the poor

economic conditions, public services are also scarce and substandard, unlike in their former

communities, where they have more options due to the strategic location of the railways to

other establishments and facilities. There is no security to the access of resources, due to

the isolation of the area that led to only scarce resources (facilities and services) that can

be accessed. As mentioned earlier, the relocatees, themselves, find the land ownership

(after the required payments are finished) under the relocation and housing program to be

uncertain. They were not sure if they can legitimately or legally own their properties, and

75

also the process for the TCT is costly and time-consuming. While they do not also have a

certainty for ownership of their properties in the railways, the resources they can access is

abundant as compared to the Northville II-B resettlement. Because of the Status

Inconsistency, as represented by the differences in access to necessities and opportunities

in both areas, the relocatees leave the resettlement and return to their former communities,

where they know that they can regain their lost access to their necessities and opportunities.

The inconsistency in the Wealth (limited access), Power (no security in access, e.g. no

certainty in land ownership and limited public resources that can be accessed with

convenience) and Prestige (from informal settler to relocatee or a beneficiary of the housing

program) leads to a behavior, wherein, the relocatees return to their former communities to

regain the status quo (their better access to their necessities and opportunities). These

inconsistencies represent the failures of NHA and other concerned agencies in providing a

pro-people and pro-poor relocation and housing program.

The context of the resettlement is, of course, affected to other issues in our society

in the macro-level. In the Chapter 3, some of the issues presented are experienced generally

by the Filipino masses, examples of these are contractualization, below minimum-wage

pay, extrajudicial killings through the Oplan Tokhang, privatization of public services such

as water, electricity, communications, education and healthcare, and other issues as well.

The fact that these national and sectoral issues also interplay with the issues in the

resettlement proves the Structuration Theory of Giddens. To understand the context of the

resettlement by only micro perspectives is insufficient. It is important to address the macro-

level issues that are also present in the lives of the relocatees, as the macro-level also

influences the micro-level. The contractualization in factories cannot offer stable jobs with

76

sufficient wages to the relocatees, thus, contributing to Poverty. The issues experienced by

the Filipino masses is also evident in different communities and it affects their accessibility

to opportunities and to their rights. The lack of public hospitals near Northville II-B is also

an issue to other communities as our healthcare system is dominated by private hospitals

and our public hospitals are scarce with proper equipment and facilities to accommodate

patients, this is also true with our education system, our public schools lack facilities and

equipment such as books and other educational materials. As Mesina (2017) have pointed

out, why do we even have urban poor communities in the first place? Why do people live

in government project sites (such as railways) or in danger zones (e.g. creeks, and other

vulnerable areas)? This is where the rural context comes in, due to lack of opportunities

and access to public services, development aggression, militarization, landgrabbing and

other issues in the rural context, the rural folks migrate to urban areas because of the

promise of opportunities and wealth by these urban areas. Living in the urban communities

is not easy too, because of contractualization and job insecurity. This phenomenon is

known as the rural push (what pushes the people to migrate from the rural areas) and the

urban pull (what attracts or pulls the people to migrate to urban areas). At the same time

we are dealing with the micro-level, we should also be addressing what is happening in the

macro-level. If rural development is promoted with the Agrarian Reform and National

Industrialization with the protection of the Independent Foreign Policy, no more will the

rural folks need to migrate to urban areas to access opportunities. While we are solving

these issues at the micro-level, we must also remember to attack the very roots of these

issues.

RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS

77

Case studies to other resettlements will further widen the scope of the discussion

about the living conditions in resettlements. As for the Bagumbong resettlement, in-depth

researches that focuses in one or two aspect/s would also contribute more information about

the area. Examples of these are public health researches that would dig in deeper on the

common sicknesses in the area in relation to the living conditions and the environment of

the relocatees. Researches on the architectural design of the house in relation to the typical

Filipino household or even to the architectural design and structure of the community in

relation to the lifestyle of the relocatees will help in determining how a resettlement should

be constructed and what are the key locations that should be used for economic activities,

public services and residential areas. Policy reviews for the Urban Development and

Housing Act of 1992 and the mandate of NHA for socialized housing would explore the

legal basis of the housing programs and possible amendments and recommendations to

further improve the housing program and services of NHA. This research is also open for

duplication to further update the context of the data from the changes in the resettlement

or the lack of significant change in the resettlement.

viii

BIBLIOGRAPHY

NEWS

Amejolar D. (2015), Government to build new commuter rail service using PNR right-of-

way, InterAksyon, retrieved on 25 February 2017 from

http://interaksyon.com/business/105256/government-to-build-new-commuter-rail-

service-using-pnr-right-of-way

Dela Paz (2016), Duterte gov't calls off auction for South Line of North-South Railway,

Rappler, retrieved on 26 February 2017, from

http://www.rappler.com/business/152682-south-line-north-south-railway-neda

De Vera B., Camus M. (2016) Gov’t readies P1-T railway projects, Inquirer.net, retrieved

on 25 February 2017, from https://business.inquirer.net/214682/govt-readies-p1-t-

railway-projects

Melican N. (2013), Time for name change: ‘Diosdedo Macapatay Tao’ hospital,

Inquirer.net, retrieved on 25 February, 2017, from

http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/478349/time-for-name-change-diosdedo-macapatay-tao-

hospital

NEDA (n.d.) Neda Board approves Six Transport Infra Projects: Projects seen to improve

Connectivity in Luzon, Mindanao, retrieved on 26 February 2017, from

http://www.neda.gov.ph/2015/02/16/neda-board-approves-six-transport-infra-projects-

projects-seen-improve-connectivity-luzon-mindanao/

Philstar Global (2009), Caloocan creates body to help displaced railway squatters, Philstar,

retrieved on 25 February 2017, from http://www.philstar.com/metro/479242/caloocan-

creates-body-help-displaced-railway-squatters

BOOKS

Anasarias K (n.d.) A Primer on Internal Displacement, BALAY Rehabilitation Center,

Diliman Quezon City

Anasarias C. (n.d.), Buhay Riles: Karapatang Pantao ng mga Apektado ng PNR

Rehabilitation Project, BALAY Rehabilitation Center, Diliman Quezon City

Pyakuryal K. (ND), Weberian Model of Social Stratification –A Viewpoint-, Occasional

Papers pp. 15-25

Turner J. (1986), The Theory of Structuration, American Journal of Sociology, Volume 91,

Issue 4 (Jan.,1986), 969-977

RESEARCHES & JOURNALS

Ballesteros M., Egana J. (2013), Efficiency and Effectiveness Review of the National

Housing Authority Resettlement Program, Philippine Institute for Development Studies

http://interaksyon.com/business/105256/government-to-build-new-commuter-rail-service-using-pnr-right-of-way

http://interaksyon.com/business/105256/government-to-build-new-commuter-rail-service-using-pnr-right-of-way

http://www.rappler.com/business/152682-south-line-north-south-railway-neda

https://business.inquirer.net/214682/govt-readies-p1-t-railway-projects

https://business.inquirer.net/214682/govt-readies-p1-t-railway-projects

http://www.neda.gov.ph/2015/02/16/neda-board-approves-six-transport-infra-projects-projects-seen-improve-connectivity-luzon-mindanao/

http://www.neda.gov.ph/2015/02/16/neda-board-approves-six-transport-infra-projects-projects-seen-improve-connectivity-luzon-mindanao/

http://www.philstar.com/metro/479242/caloocan-creates-body-help-displaced-railway-squatters

http://www.philstar.com/metro/479242/caloocan-creates-body-help-displaced-railway-squatters

ix

Cernea M. (ND), Impoverishment Risks, Risk Management, and Reconstruction: A Model

of Population Displacement and Resettlement, Anthropology and International Affairs

George Washington University Washington, DC., USA

Gilles S. (2012), Humanizing Socialized Resettlement Housing Programs: A Challenge

Towards Sustainability Practices In Urban And Rural Communities, College of

Architecture, University of the Philippines

Kolkma W. (2006), Asian Development Bank’s Involuntary Resettlement Safeguards

Project Case Studies in the Philippines, Asian Development Bank

World Health Organization (2003) Chlorine in Drinking-water, Background document

for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality (retrieved on 24 Mar

2017, from http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chlorine.pdf)

ONLINE SOURCES

Asian Development Bank (n.d.), North–South Railway Project South Line Project Brief

for the Opportunity to Design, Build, Finance, Operate, and Maintain a Landmark

Commuter and Long–Haul Rail Asset in the Republic of the Philippines, retrieved on

25 February 2017, from https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/page/82619/nsrp-

teaser.pdf

DILG, HUDCC (n.d.) Implementing Rules and Regulations to ensure the Observance of

Proper and Humane Relocation and Resettlement Procedures mandated by the Urban

Development and Housing Act of 1992, retrieved on 25 February 2017, from

http://dirp3.pids.gov.ph/websitecms/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidsdps1328_rev.pdf

Food security: Concepts and measurement. (n.d.). Retrieved November 12, 2016, from

http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/y4671e/y4671e06.htm

PPP Center (n.d.), North-South Railway Project- South Line, retrieved on 25 February

2017, from https://ppp.gov.ph/?ppp_projects=north-south-commuter-rail-south-line

Railway-Technology (n.d.) North-South Railway Project, Philippines, retrieved on 25

February 2017, from http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/north-south-

railway-project/

INTERVIEWS

A. Mesina (personal communication, February 23, 2017)

E.Mamarin (personal communication, February 24, 2017)

M. Bozar (personal communication, March 10, 2017)

NHA Bagumbong Office (personal communication, February 24, 2017)

P. Divina (personal communication, March 10, 2017)

http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chlorine.pdf

https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/page/82619/nsrp-teaser.pdf

https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/page/82619/nsrp-teaser.pdf

http://dirp3.pids.gov.ph/websitecms/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidsdps1328_rev.pdf

http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/y4671e/y4671e06.htm

https://ppp.gov.ph/?ppp_projects=north-south-commuter-rail-south-line

http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/north-south-railway-project/

http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/north-south-railway-project/

x

APPENDIX A

SAMPLE THESIS QUESTIONS

The following questions were expressed in Filipino language, to avoid language barriers

and other obstacles that would unnecessarily put a distance between the respondents and

the researcher. While the interview is unstructured and informal, to allow the respondents

in stating their opinions freely, the following questions served as the backbone of the

interview or outline of necessary data to be gathered. The structure or flow of the

questions may change according to how the respondents would answer in the interview.

Pangalan/edad

Hanapbuhay

Edukasyon: (Madali ho bang magpaaral sa loob ng komunidad? Ano ang mga hamon o

problema na inyong nararanasan sa pagpapaaral/pag-aaral ngayong lumapit kayo sa

komunidad na ito?)

Ilan ang paaralan na malapit sa lugar? Pribado o pampubliko? Magkano ang tuition fee

(estimated)?

Gaano kalayo? (maaaring sukat na kilometro o ilang sakay at anong sasakyan)

Hanggang anong antas ang mga malalapit na eskwelahan? K-12 na rin ba?

May mapagbibilhan ba ng kagamitan sa eskwelahan?

May mga pampublikong nursery o daycare ba sa lugar? May mga programa ba tulad ng

Vocational education ng TESDA na malapit sa lugar?

Hanapbuhay: (Paano nakaapekto ang inyong paglipat sa inyong kabuhayan?)

Gaano kalayo ang tinatahak mo papuntang trabaho?

May livelihood programs bas a loob ng komunidad?

May malapit ba na palengke? At mga job fair?

Dati ka bang nagtitinda sa nasasakupan ng PNR? Ano na ang iyong trabaho ngayon?

(if the respondent answered that they are still working as vendors in the marketplace)

Saan ka nagtitinda ngayon? Bumabalik-balik ka ba noong mga nakaraang araw sa riles

upang makapagtinda?

xi

Kasama ka ba sa nabigyan ng puwesto sa palengke na itatayo na malapit sa sinasakupan

ng PNR sa Kalookan?

Kung oo, may renta ba na sinabi na babayaran ninyo? Ano ang rate ng renta na ito?

Nakita mo na ba ng magiging puwesto mo sa itatayong palengke? Gaano kalaki ito

kumpara sa puwesto mo dati sa may riles?

Seguridad: (Ano ang mga nakikita niyong banta ng krimen o sakuna sa inyong lugar?)

May kapulisan o tanod ba sa loob ng lugar?

Anong mga kadalasang krimen na nagaganap sa loob at malapit sa lugar?

Naaksyunan ba ito ng awtoridad? Paano?

May mga programa bang para sa seguridad sa loob ng lugar tulad ng pagtuturo ng mga

first-aid treatment?

Lapitin ba sa sakuna ang lugar? Madali bang bumaha?

May mga malapit bang evacuation center? Gaano kalayo?

May mga emergency equipment ba sa loob ng resettlement? Madali ba itong maakses?

Transportasyon: (Gaano kadali o kahirap ang pagbiyahe mula sa inyong komunidad

patungong ibang erya tulad ng palengke, lugar ng hanapbuhay at paaralan?

Madali bang maakses ang transportasyon sa lugar? May malapit ba na mga terminal ng

dyip, traysikel, bus o iba pang transportasyon?

Mga magkano ang nagagastos nyo sa araw-araw para dito?

Kalusugan: (Ano ang nagiging banta sa kalusugan sa loob ng komunidad? Paano

nakaapekto ang inyong paglipat sa inyong kalusugan?)

Saan nyo itinatapon ang mga naiimbak ninyong basura? May mga trak ba o mga basurero

na kinokolekta ang mga basura sa loob ng komunidad?

May malapit ba na pampublikong ospital o klinika? May mga programang

pangkalusugan ba sa loob ng lugar?

Ano ang madalas na sakit na nakukuha ng mga mamamayan? Ano sa tingin mo ang

dahilan dito?

Pagkain at tubig, at Kuryente: (Kumusta ang pinagkukunan ng kuryente, tubig, at pagkain

ng komunidad? Ano sa tingin mo ang mga isyu o banta ukol dito?)

De-gripo ba ang tubig dito?

xii

May linya ng tubig?

May linya ng kuryente?

Malalapit na palengke?

Bahay (Ano ang mga nakikita mong isyu sa istruktura at pagmamayari sa inyong bahay at

lupa?)

Sapat ba laki ng bahay sa laki ng pamilya?

Sa tingin ba nila ay ligtas ito sa sakuna?

Maaring problema o isyu sa bahay at sa puwesto nito

May titulo ba sila sa lupa?

Policy Recommendations

Alternatibo:

Pangkalahatang solusyon sa:

Edukasyon

Hanapbuhay

Seguridad

Transportasyon

Kalusugan

Pagkain, Tubig at Kuryente

Bahay

Ano sa tingin mo ang nararapat gawin ng pamahalaan para mabawasan ang mga

problemang nararanasan sa loob ng mga resettlement?

KII Questions:

Basic profile:

Pangalan at edad

Organisasyon at Posisyon sa organisasyon

Hanapbuhay

xiii

Paano ang proseso ng seleksyon sa magiging erya ng resettlement? Bakit isa ang

Bagumbong sa napili?

Paano ang proseso ng preparasyon sa mismong resettlement at ang pagpapalipat ng mga

tao dito?

Partikular sa Bagumbong, ano ang mga nakikita niyong isyu o banta sa:

-Edukasyon

-Hanapbuhay

-Seguridad

-Transportasyon

-Kalusugan

-Pagkain, Tubig at Kuryente

-Bahay

Ano ang mga maaaring solusyon sa mga problemang ito? Ano rin ang maaaring gawin

para maiwasan ito?

APPENDIX B

TRANSCRIPT OF INTERVIEWS WITH THE KEY INFORMANTS

TRANSCRIPT OF INTERVIEW WITH MS. ESTRELLA MAMARIN

Estrella ‘Ella’ Mamarin (President of Northville II-B Homeowners’ Association)

Researcher: Una po, ano pong pangalan niyo po tsaka edad po?

Estrella Mamarin: Estrella Mamarin, 53 years old.

R: Ano pong hanapbuhay niyo po nga’yon?

E: Sa HOA lang, Home Owners’ president ako ng Home Owners’ Association. Wala, tinaon ko

na ‘yong sarili ko sa paglilingkod sa komunidad.

R: Sa tingin niyo po ba, dito po sa lugar niyo po, madali po ba ang pagpapaaral po ng estudyante

po lalo na (inaudible).

E: Oo madali lang ‘yong mga ano, kagaya ng mga elementary tsaka high school kasi nandi’yan

lang, malapit. Dito rin mismo sa loob ng subdivision.

R: May mga ano po ba dito, day care po?

xiv

E: Day care, oo, meron. Dito rin sa dulo. Mayroong tabing multi-purpose doon na day care ang

ano, ang nilagay.

R: Pampubliko rin po ba siya?

E: Ha?

R: Pampubliko rin po ba siya?

E: Oo, public din ‘yon eh. Under sila ng DSWD.

R: Meron po bang ano dito, TESDA po?

E: TESDA? Sa barangay. Doon mismo sa barangay.

R: Ano po ‘yong madalas na inirereklamo po ng mga tao po tungkol po sa pagpapaaral po?

E: Siguro ‘yong mga baon lang, sa mga project kasi ‘di ba karamihan dito ano, mga walang

hanapbuhay ‘yong pamilya.

R: Sa tingin niyo po ay bakit po kaya mahirap po makapaghanap po ng hanapbuhay?

E: ‘yong mga ano, sa trabaho nila, syempre ‘yong iba alam mo na, walang pinag-aralan. Syempre

‘pag nag-apply ka hinahanap ‘yong college level ka man lang, e ‘yong iba mga lasenggo pa.

Syempre ‘yong pagkatao tinitignan doon ‘pag nag-apply ka ng trabaho.

R: Ano po ba ‘yong mga pabrika po na malapit po?

E: Public na?

R: Pabrika po.

E: Ay, pabrika. Oo meron dito. Sa pabrika naman ang inaano 18 to 35 years old lang, e. Marami

dito nagtatrabaho mga binata, mga kadalagahan na hindi na nag-aaral. Doon nagtatrabaho sa may

Magic Sarap, sa may cornick, marami dito.

R: Bukod po sa may age limit po, maayos po ba ‘yong pagpapasweldo po nila doon?

E: Parang hindi minimum. Hindi minimum ang sahod nila.

R: Bale ang kakulangan po ay ‘yong trabaho?

E: ‘yong trabaho, pagkakakitaan.

R: Sa talipapa po ba, meron po bang taga-dito po na nagtitinda po sa talipapa po?

E: Sa talipapa? Wala. Sa mga gilid-gilig lang ng mga harapan nila, ng bahay sila nagtitinda.

R: Maayos naman po ba ‘yong sa, pag nagbebenta po?

E: ‘yong paninda nila? Maayos ba? Kasi ‘pag hapon wala na e, madaling araw namimili sila sa

ba’yan, tas para itinda nila. Marami na ring nagtitinda sa mga harapan ng bahay nila, dahil dito

gagawin pa lang ‘yong talipapa sa dulo kaya ‘di pa sila nakakapuwesto

R: May mga ano po ba dito, kunwari mga livelihood programs po?

xv

E: Wala. Dati mayroon kaso, medyo ‘di na nagging productive.

R: Ano po kaya ‘yong nagging problema po kung bakit hindi siya nag---

E: Hindi ko alam, sabi nila walang puhunan.

R: Nung nagkaroon po dito ng livelihood program, lahat po ba ay naabutan po?

E: Pero ‘yong di naman livelihood na pera na pinapahiram, marami rin kaming ginawa ka-partner

ang NHGU, kagaya nung tinuruan ang mga nanay ng pagmamanicure, pedicure, tapos gupit.

‘yon, naging under ng livelihood ‘yan. Marami na dito, tapos ‘yong nagmamassage, namamasahe,

marami na rin may trabaho dito sa pagmamasahe.

R: Sa tingin niyo po, ano po ‘yong madalas po na nangyayari dito na krimen?

E: Krimen? Nung last na nagshare, may mga ano naman ‘yon, talagang alam naming na iligal ang

gawain ng mga natotokhang. Sa nga’yon ‘di na ganoon ka ano, kasi ano kami dito lumipat 2008,

November 2008, 2008 hanggang sa 2010, magulo kasi syempre lahat mga taga-riles e. Nag-

aanuhan ng tapang, kung sino ang matira ‘yon ang matapang. Pero nung umupo na ako ng 2009,

December kasi ang eleksi’yon naming nung 2009, nung 2010, ‘yon medyo nahirapankami nung

una kasi rambulan talaga, batuhan dito batuhan doon.

R: Parang may mga fraternity po?

E: Oo, fraternity.

R: Nag-aaway po sila sa teritoryo.

E: Iba-ibang fraternity ang may ano dito noon pero nung dumating na ang 2011, nagtatag kami

ng BPAT, Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team, tapos makikipag-ugna’yan kami sa barangay ,

sa mga kapulisan. Medyo nabawasan na ang mga siga-siga dito napakulong na namin. Hanggang

nga’yon nasa kulungan pa rin. Nabibilin naman sa magulang e, kasi kagawad ako dati doon sa

Barangay 17. Sabihin mo kako kay Kagawad Ella salamat kasi kung hindi napakulong, patay na

rin daw sila nga’yon. Ang iba namatay na e, mga namatay na ‘yong mga kalaban nila, ‘yong mga

founder founder.

R: Bale lahat po ‘yon ay mga taga-dito na po?

E: Dito na, galling sa riles. Awa ng Diyos nga’yon away na lang ng mga babae, ‘yong

nagbabarangay. Dati kasi wala akong pahinga e, pagging ko alas singko pa lang may gulo na e,

nakakatulog ako alas dose na ng gabi, may away pa rin. Pero nga’yon awa ng Diyos bihira na

lang, pinag-aawa’yan na lang dito nga’yon ‘yong mga tungkol sa utang, tungkol sa mga mag-

asawa, ‘yong mga ganun na lang. Wala nang ganun kabigat.

R: ‘yong mga fatality na po ba na ‘yon ay sa mga nakawan po?

E: Oo dati, sa nakawan. Oo nakawan dito, pero nga’yon takot na yatang magnakaw. Wala na, sa

awa ng Diyos wala nang nagrereport sa amin na may nagnakaw.

R: Madalas naman pong nagtatanod po ‘yong mga pulis po?

xvi

E: BPAT. ‘yong ano barangay, ang ano ko dito, BPAT na tinatawag, Barangay Peacekeeping

Action Team. Bale ano kami nga’yon, 70, 70 kada gabi 10. Sa loob ng pitong araw, isang lingo,

araw-araw may duty sila.

R: May shift po?

E: Kaya natakot na rin sila, kasi ang Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team under ‘yon ng PNP,

konektado kami sa PNP, kinikilala kaya medyo na (inaudible) na rin siguro.

R: Mga hanggang anong oras po ‘yon?

E: Alas dose, kasi ano naman ‘yon eh, volunteer lang walang sahod. Oo. Dati mayroon kaming

ano, ‘yong curfew. Pinatupad ng city noon ang curfew, pinatupad din namin dito. Simula noon,

nabawasan na ‘yong mga ganun, mga bata na gala-gala, mga batang nagsisinghot ng ano, mga

bata pa naninigarilyo na. A’yon, paghalimbawa naabutan namin sa kalsada ng mga alas dyis, mga

9:30, nagpapa-ano na ako ni’yan, may signal kami, megaphone, may parang signal na ibig sabihin

nun pumasok na ‘yong mga bata sa bahay, umuwi na. Pag alas dyis, pagbalik namin ng alas dyis,

lagpas ng alas dyis, dadamputin na namin lahat ng kabataan na nasa kalsada. Tapos ‘yong

ginagawa namin ‘pag may nahuhuli kami pinagseservice, community service, pinagwawalis

namin. Kaya ang mga nanay natuwa noon, natuwa sila. E hininto naman ng city kaya hininto

namin. Mamaya, may malabag kami na ano sabihin ng city---

R: Bakit po kaya hininto po ng---

E: Di ko nga alam kung bakit.

R: Nakakatulong naman po.

E: ‘yon nga, malaking tulong nga, ang mga nanay nga Es ibalik niyo ‘yong sa curfew, sabi ko

wala pang memo na binababa. Kaya kung halimbawa may mag-ano uli, ‘yon gagawin uli namin

‘yon. a’yon, medyo naglipana na naman d’yan ang mga kabataan ng wala sa oras. Pero kung

nakikita namin, pinapauwi namin. Binabalaan din namin na ‘pag nakita namin ulit kayo,

dadamputin. Alam naman na nila ‘yon.

R: ‘yong mga programa po rito na kunwari po ay tinuturuan ‘yong mga tao po kung paano po

mag-first aid, kung paano po maging handa po sa mga sakuna po, o kaya po---

E: A, oo. May seminar, nag-seminar ni’yan dito para sa mga disaster. Ano ba ‘yong sa batangay,

DRRM? DRRC ata ‘yon, nag-ano dito ‘yan, nag-ano kami sa mga sakuna kagaya ‘yong sunog,

‘yong mga bagyo. Tinuro sa amin ‘yan, nagseminar ‘yan.

R: Meron po ba dito ‘yong kunwari po e, mga madaling bahain po na parte po?

E: ‘yong bahain dito?

R: Opo.

E: Wala na, kasi dati ‘yong creek nung nag-Ondoy, inabot ‘yong mga dalawang lote namin kasi

may naka--- ang tulay doon kasi may tulay doon, may creek pag dinirediretso, may tulay doon,

‘yong tulay nay un ay hindi (inaudible) ang ano, ‘yong i-style, mayroon pang mga harang-harang

xvii

na ganun kaya nasala ang basura, umapaw ang tubig. E ang ginawa ko nung pagkatapos ng

Ondoy, pinagiba namin ‘yon. Nga’yon wala na, malakas man ‘yong bagyo, walang baha dito.

‘yon ang nangyari.

R: Ate ‘yong sa creek naman po, malaki po ba ‘yong inabot po nung sa baha po?

E: Oo, puno ‘yong creek tapos inabot ‘yong dalawang bloke, ‘yong dalawang bloke na ano---

R: Mga hanggang saan po kaya ‘yong baha po sa kanila?

E: Mga hanggang dito. Naanod ang mga gamit nila, pero saglit lang ‘yon, pagkatapos lang ng

Ondoy. Pinagiba ko na ‘yong tulay kaya di na ano---

R: May ano po ba, mga parang malapit po na evacuation center po?

E: Meron, nung nagkaroon nga ng Ondoy, kahit umuulan nag-aarea kami mga sama ko ‘yong

mga BPAT, mga opisyales, mga WARD. ‘yong mga kabataan nilipat namin sa may elementary

school, dito lang o, nilikas namin sila.

R: A, bale isang lakaran lang po ‘yong elementary school?

E: Eto lang. (inaudible part) Dito ‘yong high school. Malapit lang.

R: mayroon po bang mga emergency equipment po, halimbawa mga stretcher po pag may inatake

po?

E: Ano naman, kasi may ano kami dito sa loob e, may health center. Oo.

R: Kamusta naman po doon po sa health center?

E: May ano di’yan, may doctor, nars, may dentista. Kumpleto. Kumpleto, kaya hindi kami hirap

sa mga ganung--- Parang kami lang kasi dito ‘yong subdivision na mayroon ganun, para magpa

(inaudible) din yata ‘yong mga (inaudible).

R: A, ano po ba, gaano niyo sila madadrama po sila po

E: Oo, ‘yong sa DOTS, ‘yong sa TB, lahat. Kung ano ‘yong ginagawa ng ano sa center.

Kompleto na di’yan e, naghahanap sila ng lote pa nga na pagtatayuan ng lying-in, magtatayo raw

dito ng paaanakan.

R: Pwede rin po sa kanila po ‘yong magpapa-confine po?

E: A hindi siguro. Halimbawa kugn, ang ginagawa siguro ni Doc ‘psg kinakailangang i-confine,

inaano nirerefer.

R: May malapit naman po na pampublikong po na ospital po?

E: ‘yon, ‘yong sa Camarin. Malapit din, bago dumating ng Meralco. Tsaka ‘yong Diosdado,

malayo. Sa Diosdado pa, malayo-layo rin. Tapos Tala malayo-layo na rin ang tala nasa Camarin,

R: Bale ang mga malalapit lang po rito, pribado po na ospital?

xviii

E: ‘yong San Lorenzo lang lagi, ‘yan private naman ‘yan. First aid din lang, ‘pag halimbawa

‘yong mga mabibigat na, ‘di nila ano di’yan, tinatanggap. Halimbawa ‘yong mga nasaksak kaya

minsan panget din ‘yong ospital na ‘yan e pag halimbawa ‘yong nasaksak di nila tatangapin,

paparefer nila sa Tala e ang layo layo ng Tala kaya ‘di na umaabot ‘yong ano. Dapat ang

ginagawa nila ‘di ba ospital sila, binibig’yan nila ng first aid.

R: Bakit po kaya ‘di po nila tinatanggap po ‘yong mga ganun kaso po?

E: Kasi ang ano nil lalo na pag nasaksak, nabaril, parang hindi sila ano doon e, sa mga ganun na

magbibigay ng medico-legal para sa mga kaso-kaso ganun. Siyempre alam nila ikakaso ‘yon eh,

dadaan sa kaso, irerefer nila sa Tala. E pagdating sa Tala doon na dahil napakalayo.

R: Sa ano naman po, sa basura po wala naman pong---

E: Wala namang problema, kasi twice a week dito ang koleksi’yon ng basura.

R: A, sa tingin niyo po, ano pong madalas po na sakit po na nakukuha po ng mga tao po dito?

E: Sakit? ‘Di ko alam, sakit sa puso, high blood dahil sa init din siguro. Sa init ng ano dito dahil

mga wala pang mga ano, puhunan e. ‘yon siguro. ‘yong iba naman may TB kasi, may problema

‘yong ibang tao sa TB dahil kulang sa pagkain, nagpupuyat dahil ‘yong iba nagsusugal. Doon

naman nakukuha ang TB sa ano, sa kakulangan sa ano tapos naninigarilyo kaya siguro. Gutom na

nga sila tapos nagsusugal pa tapos naninigarilyo pa kaya TB ang inaabot. Pero may ano naman,

may gamot sila na binibigay.

R: Libre naman po ‘yong mga gamot po doon po sa---

E: Oo, libre.

R: Ano po ba, sa linya po ng tubig tsaka sa kuryente po, nagkakaproblema po ba? Kunwari sa

agos po ng tubig po, o kaya po ‘yong may kulay po ‘yong---

E: A, wala naman kasi ‘yong tubig dito pina-examine ‘yan sa ano, dahil ano rin kami, direkta ng

Maynilad. ‘yon nga lang may bulk meter lang pero Maynilad pa rin ‘yong tubig. Ano ng

Maynilad, ubod ng Maynilad. Wala naming problema. Maliban na lang kung halimbawa

sasabihin nh Maynilad na may aayusin kami na koneksi’yon sa dito Deparo, mawawalan ng

tubig, ‘yon lang, nawawalan ng tubig.

R: Sa bayaran naman po, maayos naman po?

E: Sa bayaran, medyo mataas kaysa Maynilad sa direct, kasi ano pa lang kami dito, bulk meter pa

lang dito e. Ano naman, kasi 7 cubic P223 lang e, 7 cubic. ‘yong iba nga ‘di nauubos ‘yong 7

cubic e. Kami, kagaya namin, 6 kami sa pamilya, ano lang, nagbabayad lang kami ng P447.

Sagana talaga dahil ang mga halaman pa, maglalaba pa. Ano naman kaysa dati. Nung unang

dating namin dito, ‘yong truck na inaano sa drum. Sa bawat na malaki P30, i-times mo ‘yon sa

araw-araw P30, edi 900. Medyo maano rin naman sa nga’yon.

R: A, bale Ate nagkapunto po na wala pong---

xix

E: Wala pa, walang tubig tsaka kuryente. Pero ‘yong kuryente madali naming nailakad kasi ang

kurynte, ang NHA pa rin ‘yon, ang pagpapakabit, ‘yong developers. Contractor siguro ang ano,

pero ‘yong tubig talaga wala, as in. Uso na mabaho, ang baho-baho, parang pang ano lang sa

halaman, pambuhos sa CR. Hanggang sa makipag-usap kai doon sa mga trak kung pwede pasukin

‘yong lugar namin ‘yon nga lang P30. ‘yong inumin bibili ng mineral.

R: Sa ano po ba, ‘yong sa (inaudible) bahay po mga residente po sapat naman po sa pamilya po

nila po?

E: Hindi. Kung tutuusin halimbawa kasi may mga pamilya dito na, mga nag-asawa na ‘yong anak

sama-sama pa rin sila. Masikip para sa kanila. Masikip. Masikip kasi 20 m2 lang e. Maliit sa

kanila, siyempre lumalaki ‘yong mga anak nila. Kung 2009 lumipat dito, siyempre mga naglaki

na ‘yon, ‘yong iba nagsipag-asawa na, masikip talaga.

R: Sa tingin niyo po ba e, matibay naman po ‘yong mga bahay po na binigay po ng NHA po?

E: ‘Di ganun katibay, kasi parang ano lang e, walang poste. Walang poste ‘yong ano, tama lang

‘yan, ginanun na lang, pala-pala, ano lang---

R: Hollow blocks lang po?

E: Oo, pero ‘yong, ang ginawa namin kagaya nito, kami na ang nag-ano nito, kami na ang

nagpatibay, kami na ang nagbarikada. Nung sa ano talaga, magaspang. Kami ang nagpagawa,

nagbarikada.

R: Sariling pera niyo na po ‘yon?

E: Oo, sarli na namin.

R: May binibigay po ba na titulo sa lupa po?

E: Kapag ano na, nagbibigay ng titulo kapag nabayaran mo na. ‘Di ba hulugan ito galing NHA,

‘pag nabayaran mo na, bibig’yan ka ng NHA ng ceritification na (inaudible). Nga’yon, ‘pag

nabig’yan ka na ni’yan pupunta ka na doon sa Deans of the Measure sa Quezon City. Ikaw na ang

maglalakd doon para mabig’yan ka ng titulo. Ikaw pa rin ang gagastos.

R: Ay may gastos po siya?

E: Oo.

R: Mga magkano po---

E: Sabi nung ano mahigit P5, 000 yata ang nagastos niya. Siguro kasama na doon ‘yong mga

gastos niya sa paglakad. May binabayaran daw doon.

R: Magkano po kaya ‘yong mismong bahay po, magkano po ‘yong binabayad po doon?

E: Dati ano, ‘yong total talaga nito na lupa’t bahay, P175, 000. Nga’yon, may ano ‘yong parang

nagloan ay ibig sabihin na may tulong ang gobyerno, sabihin na nating tulong ng gobyerno ‘yon

na P25, 000 tsaka P10, 000. ‘Di magkano na lang ‘yon, P140, 000. Nga’yon ‘yong P140, 000

kung mag-full payment ka, halimbawa i-cacash mo, may discount ‘yon na P20, 000, di P120, 000

xx

na lang babayaran mo. E kung halimbawa kaya ng iba na hinuhulugan lang, ‘yong iba nga hindi

pa nakakahulog kasi wala ngang panghulog, tinutubuan ng NHA. May tubo ‘yon, ano ‘yon every

1 year 6 %, 6% per annum na tinatawag. Kung halimbawa sa isang buwan ‘di ka makahulog, kasi

nung umpisa 1 year to 5 years P200 lang, 6 years to 10 years P 400. Nga’yon P400 na, kasi 2009

pa kami dito e, mag-e-eight years na kami dito. O ‘di ba matagal na. Nga’yon kung halimbawa ‘di

ka makahulog sa isang buwan, tutubuuan din ‘yon, 1% ‘yon, ganun kaano kaya ‘yong mga imbis

na ang utang mo P140, 000 ang, kung tubuan ka ng tubuan ‘di nabaon ka rin. Ganun ang

kahirapan dito, kaya ‘yon ang, minsan nakikipag-dialogue kami sa NHA, sa Kongreso na alisin

‘yong tubo kasi kung tubuan ng tubuan, sabihin na natin na ako makakahulog ako, makabayad

ako sa tamanga no, paano na lang ‘yong mas mahirap pa sa akin. Kung mahirap ako, may mas

mahirap pa sa akin. Paano na lang ‘yong ganung kalaga’yan ng mga tao, kawawa ‘di ba?

R: Pwede po kaya na libreng ipamahagi na lang po ng NHA ‘yong sa bahay po?

E: Sa pagda-dialogue namin sa kanila, ‘di raw ganun ang ano kasi ng gobyerno kaya

pinapahulugan ng mura. Para kunwari ‘yong ibinabayad namin, ma-project din nila sa ibang mga

tao na nangangailan. E tayo naman, ‘di naman tayo ano sa, naiintindihan natin ‘yong ganun. Ang

inaano lang natin alisin ‘yong tubo, ‘yong tutubuan nila. Nagpapayag na nga doon sa dapat sa

gobyerno ibigay ‘yon kung talagang, e kaya nga tinatawag na “award” , ang award dapat wala

nang ano, wala nang bayad pero pinaghuhulog pa rin. Dapat ang ano na lang doon alisin ‘yong

tubo. Naihihirapan ‘yong mga tao.

R: Bukod po sa bahay po, ano pa po ‘yong binigay po ng NHA po?

E: Wala, ‘yon lang.

R: Nung lumipat po ‘yong mga tao po?

E: Ano, P1, 000? P1, 000 lang galing sa local government yata ‘yon na paunang pangkain,

pagkatapos na nun wala na.

R: Ano po ba ‘yon, ‘yong sa (inaudible) na po na ‘yon ay kasama po kayo kontrata po na

pinirmahan?

E: Hindi, parang wala naman. May pinirmahan kami na nagbigay ng P1, 000.

R: A, ‘yon din po ‘yong nakalagay po sa kontrata?

E: Hindi, wala naming kontrata na ganun pero man lang na na-receive namin ‘yong P1, 000.

Parang tulong lang siguro nila ‘yon sa paunang araw ng pangkain ng pamilya.

R:

E: A, meron, may agreement, mayroong agreement. ‘yong agreement, para sa hiniram namin na

mga ano dito na mailipat ito, P100, 000 sa bangko yata o sa (inaudible). ‘di ko lang alam, ‘di ako

sigurado kung saan basta may ni-loan kami na tag-P100, 000 kasi ‘di ba karaniwan na ni-

rerelocate ay NHA ang may kagustuhan. Halimbawa kagaya namin noon , sabi ng NHA sa may

ano kami, Tower Bell, pero umapela ang mga tao na kung maaari MCP. A’yon, tunulong si

Mayor Ricom mismo, kasi siya pa ang nakaupo noon e, si Mayor Ricom. Nga’yon, sabi ni Mayor

Ricom, ayaw ko na lumabas ang mga taga-Caloocan sa Caloocan kaya naghanap ng lugar dito na

xxi

sakop pa rin ng Caloocan. Kaya itong lupa dito, private ito. Private ‘to e, na lupa, kay ano, kay

Daez. ‘Di ko lang ano kung ano ang tunay na pangalan basta Mr. Daez ang may-ari. 10 hectares

ito e. nga’yon para makuha ito, nagloan ng tig-P100, 000 ang mga tao para ibayad dito sa lupa.

Ganoon ang nangyari, kaya nagging MCP kami, tinawag kami na MCP Relocation.

R: Paano po, babayaran po ba ng local government ‘yong ni-loan nyo?

E: Hindi local government ang magbabayad nun. ‘yong hinuhulog namin ‘yon ang

pinangbabayad doon.

R: A, ‘yong pinangbabayad po sa bahay po?

E: Ganun ‘yong ano, hiwalay kasi ‘yong lupa tsaka ‘yong bahay. ‘yong bahay, ano ng NHA ‘yon

pero ‘yong ni-loan namin para pambayad dito sa lupa, inano ‘yon, ni-loan. Kaya nga mayroon

kaming loan agreement e, P100, 000.

R: Mayroon po bang ano, bago po ilipat ‘yong mga tao, nagkaroon po ba ng konsultas’yon po na

kunwari po dito po kayo ilalagay?

E: Oo, mahabang konsultas’yon ‘yon kasi unang-una, inano muna nila, sinurvey muna nila kung

sino ‘yong mga naninirahan sa riles mula 2001 bago ilikas (inaudible) nag-survey muna sila kung

sino ‘yong mga naninirahan sa riles, na totoong naninirahan tapos pinagsubmit ng requirements,

family pictures, mga katuna’yan na ikaw ‘yong nakatira doon mula ng ganitong tao. Mahabang

proseso rin e kaya nga nailikas kami mga November 2008 nag-unpisa e hanggang sa 2009. ‘yong

last na likas dito 2009.

R: ‘yong pagpapataas po ng bahay po?

E: Bawal pa ‘yon hangga’t ‘di ka nakabayad.

R: Akala ko

E: Bayaran mo muna ng buo bago ka magpataas. Pero ‘yong iba dito ‘di mo maiwasan dahil

kagaya ni’yan, may pamilya na mga anak niya. Sinisita ng NHA ‘yon dahil ‘yon nga naman ang

patakaran pero minsan may lumalabag pa rin. Ganun naman talaga ang Pilipino kung ano ang

bawal ‘yong ang ginagawa.

R: Sa tingin niyo po, ano po ‘yong pinaka problema po ng (inaudible)

E: Hanapbuhay. Hanapbuhay talaga kasi kung may hanapbuhay sila, kahit papaano may

pambayad sila ng bahay, nakakakain sila ng tama. Kaya nga ang hirap dahil ‘yong iba

nagkakasakit, dahil sa guom din.

R: Ano po sa tingin niyo po ang pwede pong maitulong ng pamahalaan po, ng otoridad po, o

kaya ng mga (inaudible) po na tao ?

E: Unang una dapat ‘yong sa ano, ‘yong mabig’yan ng mga puhunan ‘yong mga ano dahil

mayroon naman dito gusto maghanapbuhay pero wala na nga silang puhunan. Tsaka trabaho ‘di

ba, kahit papaano ma-eendorse. Nagkaroon nga kami ng pa-training doon sa ano, sa mag-aapply.

Ang dami-dami naman ni’yan nga’yon e, doon pa lang sa requirements pa lang wala na silang

xxii

panlakad kaya paano sila makapagtrabaho? ’Di ba? Dapat ‘yong mga ganitong area, matatwag

talaga natin itong indigent talaga, dahil sa 100 person dito ang giginhawa lang dito mga 30 e,

30%. Minsan nga may nagpupunta dito nag-aaway ang pamilya dahil lang pala doon sa walang

makain, gaya nung nanganagalakal lang ang iba dito.

R: (inaudible)

E: Walang makain, totoo ‘yon. Minsan nag-area ako kasi inaantay namin ‘yong asawa niya ‘di pa

umuwi gabing-gabi na, ‘di pa kumakain, kasi ang inaasahan lang nila ay ‘yong tatay. E ‘yong

tatay naman minsan, driver lang. Alam mo naman ‘yong driver, ang kinikita nun magkano lang?

Kulang, tulungan mo man kulang din. Kasi ang kailangan nila di’yan, abi nga ay hindi lagi

big’yan mo ng isda, kailangan turuan mo mangisda e. ‘Di ba? E ‘yon ang ano, big’yan ng

puhunan kahit man lang magtinda-tinda ng gulay sa kariton, ‘di ba? Mabubuhay sila kaso ang

kailangan puhunan.

R: Sa tingin niyo po, kasi sa iba po, covered naman po sila ng 4Ps---

E: Natawa nga ako sa 4Ps e, kukunin pa lang nila ‘yong sahod nila ubos na, nakakapangutan na

sila sa tindahan. Pagdating ng 4Ps ano na, wala na, kulang pa sa--- P500 lang yata ang ano sa 4Ps

bawat pamilya, tapos ‘yong bata na nag-aaral P300 yata ‘yon.

R: Kada ano po siya

E: 1 month, pero ‘di yata every month nag-wwithdraw, every 3 months yata. ‘Di ko masyado

pang naklaro.

R: Bale P500 po ‘yong pagkakasyahin namin---

E: Sa pamilya, halimbawa ako ang magulang P500 sa akin, may anak akong dalawa tig-P300 edi

P600. Kung nag-aaral pero kung hindi nag-aaral, hindi binibg’yan.

R: Bakit po kaya ‘yong iba po na taga-dito po pero lumilipat sila sa ibang area po?

E: Parang binebenta. Marami na ritong nagbentaha, kasi a’yon nga sabihin may bahay ka naman

pero gutom ka. Ganoon ang mga rason nila. ‘yong iba naoospital, ang ano nila ibebenta na lang

nila tapos babalik pa rin doon. Dahil naisip nila mas madali doong dumiskarte ng pera kaysa dito.

Kasi doon ka magtinda-tinda ka lang sa ano, mayroon ka nang pangkain. Kaya a’yon marami na

dito ng nagbebenta. ‘yong ang problema, walang makain, malayo sa trabaho, tapos siyempre ‘pag

magtrabaho ka may pamasahe. ‘yong iba dito nattanggal sa trabaho dahil nalelate, nalelate sila sa

trabaho kaya natanggal sila. Kaya ‘yong iba, ang ginagawa nila, binebenta na lang nila ‘yong

bahay tapos nangungupahan sila doon sa mas malapit sa trabaho nila.

R: Ano po ‘yong hanapbuhay niyo po dati po doon?

E: Ano kami, may jeep kaming pampasada doon sa may 10th Avenue. ‘yong mister ko ang

nagmamaneho. Ako, talaga ako, community service talaga ako. Kagawad ako doon sa Barangay

17. Alam mo ‘yong 17?

R: Opo.

xxiii

E: Sa may likod ng judicial? Eskwelahan dito na central, dito ‘yong sa amin.

R: Ah, sa central.

E: Patliling?

R: Malapit lang po ‘yon sa central.

E: Oo.

R: Mayroon po ba ka’yong parang profile po ng lugar po? Kung ganno karami po ‘yong nakatira

po?

E: Residente namin 11, 000 mahigit na. Dati 10, 950, e nga’yong itong bago 11, 000

R: Mga gaano kalawak po ‘yong lugar po?

E: Lugar dito?

R: Opo.

E: 10 hectares lang. Kasi dapat 14 hectares ‘yong private , ‘di ba nakita mo ‘yong arko, ‘yon ang

pagitan namin dahil dapat hanggang doon. E hindi na binenta ng may-ari ‘yong lupa---

R: A, sa kaniya pa po ‘yong sa labas---

E: Oo ‘yong, sakop sana ‘yon kaso hindi na binenta ng may-ari kaya nag-arko lang hanggang

doon sa dulo. Na-arehan mo na ito?

R: Oo

E: May covered court kami doon, nadudoon ‘yong day care. Nakikita mo ‘yong multipurpose

doon, ‘yon ang day care. Eto ditong multipurpose ‘yon ang pinagdadausan ng mga activity, ng

mga religious, pag may mga ano kami---

R: A, parang doon na rin po ‘yong simbahan po?

E: Pansamantala kasi gagawa pa dito ng chapel.

R: May ano po ba kayo, parang Papa po? Papa po ng komunidad po?

E: Mayroon kaso, may nagpunta na rin dito noon kaso wala na ako sa gobyerno. Mayroon e kaso,

tignan niyo na lang sa NHA. May tao naman doon e sa guard.

R: Tatanong ko lang din po, bukod po dito sa Home Owners’ Association po, ano pa po ‘yong

mga organisas’yon po dito po?

E: Senior citizen, may organization ang senior citizens. ‘yong kooperatiba, kasi ang phase 1, ito,

tsaka ang phase 2, kooperatiba ang tubig nila di’yan, tubig nila kooperatiba. Kami kasi private na

‘yong ano namin, private na ang pagpapatubig, niabayad niya ay 1, 200. Sa phase 1 and 2 ano

siya, (inaudible)

R: Paano po ‘yon pag may private po, ‘di po siya kabit po sa Maynilad po?

xxiv

E: Ano ng Maynilad, ano ng Maynilad kaya lang may bulk meter. Ang nirireading na lang ng

Maynilad ‘yong bulk meter, pero pagdating sa ano sa, sa ano sa mga tao, sa resibo ‘yong mga

ganun, kooperatiba ang nagkikilos. Ang nirireading lang ng Maynila ‘yong kino-consume ng

loob, miyemro ng kooperatiba ‘yong bulk meter lang. Ganun ang ginagawa dito, ganun din dito

sa (inaudible), may bulk meter din .

R: Pero ang (inaudible), nakakabit naman po sa Maynilad po?

E: Nakakabit naman, may bulk meter. ‘yon ang nilalakad ng mayor na magkaroon kami ng

direkta na sa Maynilad.

R: May mga ano po ba, sa loob ng organisas’yon, may ano po ba na parang butaw po na kino-

contribute ang mga---

E: Oo, dapat meron ang home owners, mayroon dapat ‘yon P20 pero mula nung nakaupo ako

hindi ako nangulit. Kasi iniisip ko kokolektahan namin e hirap na nga ng buhay dito. Imbis na

makadagdag pa doon sa pamilya, ‘yon ang rason doon. Kaya nga sabi ko, kung hindi na ako

‘yong president doon, bahala na sila kung maningil sila. Basta ako, hangga’t ako ang nakaupo

ayokong mangolekta.

R: Bale ‘yong mga dinadagdag po na imprastraktura po e sa inyo po dumadaan?

E: Oo, tapos sa NHA. Ano lang a, ‘pag halimbawa na may katabi dito na, nagdadaan sa

(inaudible) covered court, gawa ng city ‘yan. Tapos gaya ng mga multipurpose, gawa ng

barangay, ganun. Ano naman sila, doon sa may (inaudible) sa may creek, NHA ang nagpagawa

nun. May multipurpose kami dito na nilag’yan namin ng day care, NHA ang may gawa nun.

Naisip ko para saan ‘yong P20 na sisingilin, ‘di ba? Pwede naman makahingi sa mga local

government, iba-ibang agency, pagkat paphirapan pa ang mga residente. Tapos magiging isyu pa

‘yan, P20 lang binigay sa’yo tapos sasabihin na (inaudible). ‘Di joke lang. Pagdating sa pera,

‘yon talaga.

TRANSCRIPT OF INTERVIEW WITH PAUL DIVINA AND MARINA BOZAR

Paul Divina (Northville I Resettlement Homeowners’ Association President)

Marina Bozar (Northville I Resettlement resident, Northville I Chapter of

GABRIELA President, and KADAMAY member)

Researcher: Ah, una po, ano pong pangalan nyo? Paul Divina: Paul Divina po. Marina Bozar: Siya yung ano, ah, chairperson, vice, ay - president ng HOA. Sa tingin nyo po, dito po sa North (inaudible), hindi naman po mahirap po yung pagpapaaral po

ng mga estudyante? P: Pagpaaaral po? Ah pero dito kasi merong mga out of school youth pero may (inaudible) kami

dito sa barangay eh. Un, nakatutulong un. R: May mga ano po ba dito, ah, malapit po na paaralan po na elementary po high school

xxv

P: Ah dito po sa amin kompleto po, ano eh. Meron kaming elementary, may - B: may high school P: -may high school kami. Meron kami rito. R: ah ano po, mga kolehiyo po?

P: Ah kolehiyo, nasa kabilang barangay: dito lang sa may St. Gregory college. B: Ah ano, naman private yun. P: private yun. Pero yung public namin, pamantasang lungsod ng Valenzuela, nasa Malinta. B: nasa Malinta. R: malapit lang din po un? P: ah siguro po ah - B: dalawang sakay. P: Dalawang sakay po, 20 pesos yan sa estudyante mga 16 pesos lang ang pamasahe. Back and

forth 50 pesos - ay mga 32 siguro. R: Ay hindi naman po pala magastos po. P: Tsaka ngayon kasi yung plb namin libre na po ang tuition fee. B: inano sya ni Win Gatchalian P: na si Mayor Gatchalian R: Sa ano naman, meron po ba dito yung mga parang TESDA P: TESDA po ay minsan may mga umiikot po rito at tsaka ang ating punong lungsod po ay

mayroon silang ano e may mga pag-aaral po sila ng mga isda P: nc2 po ba ang tawag roon? B: nc2 may… P: na pwedeng magkatrabaho po pag naka-graduate na sila. Meron po. R: Ah bale nagpapa-training po sila P: Opo, opo, Meron po. Meron po sila R: Ano po ba, ah, mga livelihood programs naman po.. P: Ahh livelihood programs ho, kaka-withdraw lang namin ni kasamang Linda nung last week ho B: mag-uumpisa pa lang sya P: Ah meron po kaming ano, kasi may budget kaming nasa bangko. Meron po kami para sa

livelihood program. R: Sa ano po ba, sa mga training programs po ng TESDA tsaka dito po sa livelihood programs e

naabutan naman po lahat po B: oo P: Ah dito po, nagbibigay po, nagseseminar po sila dito. Madalas po kasi dito yung mga maski po

pagtatanim po natin B: Ngayon CVLA, ngayon iaano kita, iikot tayo nag-aano ng HA ngayon P: kita mo sila, makita mo sila. Ngayon po sila nag-start ng paggawa R: Ano po yung CVLA po? P: ah di ko masyadong, nakalimutan ko ung, meaning ng CVLA eh B: ano po yun ng NHA P: tsaka ng DSWD B: second batch na yun eh R: meron po bang ano dito, parang job fair po? P: Chapter? B: Mga organization? P: meron po dito, tulad ng Gabriela, kay sister - Gabriela yan e. Meron din tayong mga chapter

dito. Mga chapter-chapter po meron R: (inaudible) P: maski po yung mga youth po natin meron R: yung gabriela po, tsaka po yung KADAMAY po, B: eto po, hindi po ako

xxvi

P: eto po si Mr (inaudible) B: ah yung sa Gabriela kasi, ang Gabriela ngayon, dahil ngayon nasa urban poor ang hahawak ay

KADAMAY P: ah ganoon ba? B: opo P: KADAMAY na ngayon? B: kaya nga mas maganda nandito ako dahil kailangan talaga namin mag-assembly, magkaroon

kami ng general assembly ang inaano nga namin ngayong 19 P: dito lang sa atin ka (inaudible) B: Opo, ngayon, di, ang ano ko sa KADAMAY, makausap ang kapitana at tsaka hoa, kayo nga

po. P: Hmm, siguro maging bisita natin si kapitana kung talagang - B: Ayun po P: Sa General Assembly ano B: Ayun talaga ang ano ko, ang inaalok ko sa KADAMAY. Ay nagkaroon ng high blood, hindi

kami nakapang- P: Sinong nagkaroon ng high blood? B: Yung ano, yung ano ng KADAMAY. Yung kakausap sa inyo at tsaka sa kay kapitana kaya

ngayon pa lang papasok ang KADAMAY kung kapag nakapag-assembly pero nag-umpisa na po

kami dahil ako nga po ang ano ng KADAMAY, nasa KADAMAY na kasi ako, nailipat - naipasa

na ako. Ayun, balik, opo, Bagumbong at tsaka dito sa Bignay, ako ang may hawak. Kaya yun po

ang inaano o na, makausap kayo para alam na may papasok kasi ang ano naman po, Gabriela din

po ang nasa taas. Ngayon, bale nakaano lang po ang alliance, oo - naka-umbrella, ang

KADAMAY kaya hindi naman masasabing wala nang Gabriela. Andyan pa rin sya. Ngayon kasi

nasa urban poor housing relocation - hahawakan ng KADAMAY. Ayun opo. R: May nasabi na po ba yung KADAMAY po na gusto po nilang maging proyekto ito po? B: Ang, nag-ano talaga kami, kasi nasa housing na kami, nasa relocation, hahawakan talaga ng

KADAMAY. Ngayon, nag-ano naman kami, nagmi-meeting naman kami. Ngayon nga lang,

kailangan ko talaga, magpa-assembly na para alam ng mga nakatira dito, ng mga dito sa North

Ville, na may papasok na ano pero ano Gabriela pa rin sya. Hindi naman mawawala ang Gabriela

kung kami Gabriela, Gabriela pa rin: nakapaloob lang ang KADAMAY. P: Naka-alyado, naka-umbrella. B: Alliance, ganoon. R: Ano po ba dito, ah, nauso po ba dito yung bentahan po sa posisyon po sa lupa? P: Paano po ang tanong nyo, Sir? R: Yung ano po, bentahan po. P: Yung bentahan kasi, di talaga naiiwasan dito. Kasi nga po hindi pare-parehas ang kapasidad sa

pinansiyal na pangangailangan na ano, syempre po, pag yon pong naninirahan na pamilya rito e

walang trabaho, tapos e napipilitan po silang magbenta ng kanilang rights po. B: Ng rights. Ng pabahay. P: Bagamat ayaw naman po naming mangyari kasi nga sayang. Mahirap ang walang bahay, eh.

Kaya nga lang dahil nga po sa mga nagigipit. Napakahirap po ng mga - kasi nga di po namin

nabibigay ang pangangailangan, napipilitan pong umuwi ng probinsiya R: Ah, ano pong sakop po ng proyeto ng gobyerno po ito? P: Ah ito kasi, project ito ng NHA. R: Ano po ba sya, ah, saan po yung dati pong mga komunidad na mga tao po? B: Sa Malinta, galing riles. P: Marulas hanggang Malanday. R: Bale, pano po yung diba po may palengke na po: ano po sa tingin nyo yung ah, parang naging

stratehiya po o kaya po yung proseso po kung paano po napayaman po ng tao po yung komunidad

po?

xxvii

P: Ah, ibig nyo pong sabihin, paano po napagyaman ang lugar ano po? Ang totoo po nyan, dahil

nga sa tulong po ng LGU eh yung proyekto ay isa sa nagiging pag-unlad ng lugar. Yung mga

medical mission, at nagbibigay nga ng livelihood program. SM… B: SM, ano ba yang SM.. P: SM Foundation. Tumutulong po iyan sa ano dito. Sa pagpapaunlad po ng pamayanan sa North

Ville R: Ah bale may mga ano naman po, sa labas po eh, madali naman pong makahanap po ng mga

available na trabaho po P: Ang totoo po nito, yung mga kalapit-barangay po namin, marami pong pabrika dito sa amin

eh. B: Sa Punturin, Lawang Bato, Panumay, Meycauayan, kaya yun ang napapasukan ng mga

nakatira rito. Yun nga lang, ang sa minimum wage, doon nagkakaano kasi mayroong mga

sumasahod lang ng 250 isang araw, minsan wala pa yatang 250. Basta ang ano kasi dito, basta

may mapasukan sila, or ano, inaano na nila. Tinatanggap kesa naman nakatambay lang sila. P: Underpayment Sir, underpayment yung marami rito mga manggagawa - mga underpayment sa

sweldo R: Meron pong mga taga dito po na umalis po sa bahay nila tas bumalik po sa riles? P: Eh kasi sa riles po alam ko hindi na po pwedeng bumalik e. Bawal na po. R: Ah, bawal na po. P: Binakuran na po iyon e, ano. B: May gagawin. P: Kasi dapat po talaga, nakaplano po yung riles na yun na piang-alisan po namin, lalagyan po ng

bullet train po mula Subic hanggang dito po sa Metro Manila. B: Hindi na. Parang nakalagay dun yung “audit commission”. Yung building. R: Hindi na po sila mag-aano po ng extension ng riles po dun po sa ano po? B: Sa may inalisan ng ano? Diba tatayuan sya dapat ng riles, ng bullet train, kung naka-ano

naman na raw yung - kung tatayuan ng building. Parang audit commission lang yung nandun. P: COA? Commission on Audit? Kasi kung COA, building lang to. Maaring di na sa riles. Kasi

kung building lang to, sa isang gilid lang siguro. Kasi yung lupa ho Sir eh mahaba po ito: diretso

ho hanggang Subic po ito kaya mapakahaba nito. Kaya kung building lang ang itatayo, e kasya

naman siguro sa mga 500 square meters un. O 1000 square meters, maluwang na po yan. Maaring

yung area na tatayuan ng - di ko alam. Kasi ang maganda kasing project dyan talaga, e train

talaga. Mas mailis na ang transportation. Kasi bullet train mabilis, baka wala pang isang oras nasa

Subic ka na. Yun po ang plano R: Bale tuloy po naman po yung plano… P: Ah hindi ko po alam sa kasalukuyan po kung ano yung magiging pagpaplano, pero dati po

yung-- R: Ano po sa tingin nyo po ang pinakaproblema po sa loob ng komunidad? P: Ang pinakaunang problema po natin ay yung mga kabataan po natin, nalulong po sila sa droga.

Bagamat ngayon ay medyo kontrolado na - konti lang naman - kasi nga yung Tokhang. Yun po

ang unang problema po rito. R: Pero hindi naman po nagiigng problema po rito, kunyari po, yung access po sa pagdating po sa

iba pa pong serbisyo po ng public services - kunwari po health care po? B: hindi. P: Ah, dito po kasi may mga clinic. B: May center. P: Tsaka yung mga basic needs po, ay narito po sa amin yan. Tubig, kuryente, nandito po. R: kasi po, yung pagpasok ko pa lang po ay parang nakita ko na po na parang malaki po yung

pagkakaiba nya sa Bagumbong P: Bakit, ano ang pagkakaiba sa Bagumbong?

xxviii

B: Ang Bagumbong kasi, diba, wala silang palengke? Wala silang palengke talaga. Kailangan pa

nilang lumabas sa highway. Tsaka ang bahay nila rowhouse. Dito kasi sa atin, kanya kanyang

gawa: lupa lang at tsaka nagbigay ng pang-materials. P: 40,000. B: 50,000 para sa materyales. Kaya ganon. Eh doon, talagang paglipat nila, may bahay na sila.

Kagaya yan sa kabila ano, northville 1b. Kasi kuya ko nadoon e. Yun ang area ko, sa Bagumbong

at tsaka rito. Bignay. P: Ganoon ba. Tapos makakasama na buong Bagumbong. B: Oo. Caloocan ang kasama ko. R: Ano po dito, nagkakaproblema po ba dito sa bayaran po dito po sa lupa? B: ah yun ang malaking problema dito sa amin. Ah, ang ano kasi samin, yung mabigat lang kasi

samin, yung interes. Yun talaga ang pinaglalaban namin sa NHA. Yung 1% per month, 6% per

annum. Yun po ang kelangan na pinaglalaban. Na mawala ang interes na yun. Kasi pag

halimbawa, mawala yung mga interes na yan, hindi na mahihirapan magbayad yung mga nasa

komunidad. yun lang talaga ang problema dito. R: May nasabi na po ang NHA tungkol po dito sa interes? Sa pagtanggal po ng interes? B: oo, nag-aano kami samin. yun talaga. Nadadayalogo talaga kami sa NHA sa Quezon City.

kasama rin namin ang mga taga-KADAMAY. tutuloy pa rin ang negosasyon. K: May ano po ba, may nasabi na po ba ang NHA tungkol diyan, kung may balak po ba sila po B: yun ang inaantay namin kasi wala pa talaga. Ang ano kasi, ang pinaka ano ngayon, kelangan

suportahan, yung Bulacan. Sa Pandi, sa Balagtas, basta San Jose Del Monte, Pandi, Tungko.

Yung mga ano kasi doon, yung mga AFP, mga naka tiwangwang lang na bahay na hindi

natitirhan, ngayon i-o-occupy ng mga nakatira sa - yung mga nagrerenta, yung mga sharer at

tsaka renter. Bale nagtagumpay sila: occupied na. Pero di pa lahat. Di pa lahat occupied sa

Bulacan. Pero yung inaano namin na 1% per month, 6% per annum, yun ang hinihintay namin

kung papaano. Kung maano talaga ng ano. R: bale ang 1% po, ano po ba sya, may penalty po ba pag di nakabayad? B: oo. R: Magkano po ang penalty? B: Kasi halimbawa, yung lupa, kung malaki ang ano mo, babyaran mo, kahit nagbabayad ka, nasa

interes pa rin. Interes lang ang babayaran mo. Pero yung prinicipal, hindi mo pa nababayaran.

yan. R: Bale gaano, ilang porsyento po ba yung penalty po? B: 6%? P: Ang penalty po ay - (inaudible). Ngayon pag inabot po kayo ng isang taon, merong 6% yun. B: 6% per annum tapos 1% per month. Kaya yun ang pinakamabigat na problema ng mga ano

rito. R: Paano po ba napagkasunduan po na dito po papatayo yung sa resettlement? P: Kasi po nirequest po ng mga tagariles po na kung maari po e maging in city, hindi off city.

Kasi nga po mas gusto nila sa Valenzuela. At ito naman po ay pinagbigayan po ng ating

(inaudible) at tsaka ng NHA. Kaya nga po andito pa rin kami sa Valenzuela K: Ano po ba ito, halos dulo po ng Valenzuela? P: Dulo po. Boundary po natin ang Bagumbong B: Bagumbong, yung ano… R: malapit lang po ba dito yung barnagay po. B: oo, dyan lang sa 3s yan. Pag-akyat mo P: meron po kaming ano dyan, Disiplina village. Bago po iyan 3858 families po ang nailipat po

diyan, kung saan galing po ang mga inilipat diyan sa mga - B: Malinta rin P: - vulnerable area, sa mga danger zone po. Tabing creek, tabing ilog, ilalim ng tuloy, diyan po

dadalhin iyon.

xxix

B: iba iba naman, may Quezon City P: ah pwera Quezon City B: may Malabon P: ah pwera rin po ang Malabon. Buong Valenzuela lang po. B: ah kaya P: project po ni mayor yan. Maganda po yung barangay namin, may service po dyan. R: Bukod po sa 50,000 po na binigay po sa inyo na pang-materyales, ano pa po yung binigay po

sa inyo po? P: merong 10,000 na ano (inaudible) Pambayad ng.. R: bale halos 60,000 P: ay hindi po, sa pagkakaalam ko po, 40,000 yung materyales, 10 000 yung sa labor B: bale, basta ang alam ko, 50. P: yung 10,000, para po sa labor iyon. Pampagawa R: ano po kaya sa tingin niyo yung pinagkaiba, kung bakit po dito, madali pong napaunlad yung

komunidad. Sa Bagumbong po na sobrang hirap? P: kasi nga po, sa pakikipagtulungan po ng local government, nina mayor, kapitana, mga nasa

gobyerno, ayon medyo nagging maayos naman yung ano. Naibigay agad sa amin yung kuryente

tubig ayan dahil iyon ang pangunahing pangangailangan talaga ng tao. Nagkaroon ng streetlight.

Naibigay nila agad. R: Kasi po, sa Bagumbong po, P: malaki ang diperensiya B: ah ang tubig nila ah, (inaudible), Mahal ang tubig nila. Maynilad. P: Individual meter to. Lahat kami meron. R: individual na po? P: lahat kami merong kuntador. Kaya nga po kung dati po may pinapalano po, may mga tumutol

po na grupo kasi nga mataas yung magiging gastusin po ng mga tao. Kasi po kung sa individual

kung dati po e bumibili kasmi sa sa mga nagdedeliver po rito, ako po nag tubig ko po e 60 pesos e

- isang araw po un. B: oo, kasi yung buwan namin, 600 eh. P: kaya naman ako 60 pesos e nagtitinda ng isda, malakas sa tubig, 6x3 halos 1800 ang

binabayaran ko sang buwan. Samantalang ngayon ang binabayaran ko lang, 116. Pag di ako

napasara, 105, ganon. Napakalaki po ng katipiran ko dahil po sa B: kesa po sa ano, anlaki ng binabayaran ninla, inaabot ng 800. R: Yung mga iba po napuputulan po B: oo napuputulan sila, pag hindi sila nagbayad putol R: pero nung dinatnan nyo po, ano po yung.. B: may mga nagdedeliver tsaka may mga poso P: pano po? R: nung pagdating nyo po dito, pano po yung..? P: ah dati po nung unang dating namin ay may nagdedeliver pa po ng tubig. Tapos may isa pa

pong NGO na tumulong samin kung saan po e binigyan po tayo ng pampagawa po ng mga poso.

Pnasa,antala hanggang sa nag-apply po tayo sa aynilad na malagyan po tayo ng individual R: yung sa poso po nagkaproblema po ba, kunwari po yung sa agos po ng ubig P: ah sa poso po may mga lugar po na medyo mababaw. Yun po nag problema na nawawalan po

ng tubig. Per may lugar naman na di nawawalan. Yun lang naman po ang problema. Ang tubig

naman po ay malinis dahil kinukuhanan naman po ng sample yan. R: di naman po nagkukulay dilaw? P: ah sa ilalim, parang kalawang po? B: parang kalawang. Kaya hindi naiinuman ang tubig nila. Kaya panlaba R: yung mga ano, po, yung mga relocatees po dito ay nanggaling lang po ba sa iisang komunidad

po?

xxx

P: ah hindi po, iba-iba. Kaya nga po medyo mahirap pangasiwaan pamunuan. Kasi po galing po

sa bicol, bisaya, mindanao, luzon: parang ganon po . kaya eto eto yung mga nanirahan sa riles na

dayo, kaya pagdating dito, medyo ano medyo nagkakaproblema. Nagkakaway-away. Pero ngayon

po e okay na po. Medyo magkakabarkada na po. Tsaka syempre, may kahirapan: yung uri nga ng

tao ano. Ako nga bilang pangulo ang problema ko rito kahit sa mga opisyales ko, yung ugali ba.

Kung 15 kami, 14 ang kasama ko, 14 rin ang pakikisamahan ko. Bukod pa sa mga myembrong

minsan di naiintindihan yung kalagayan ko bilang pangulo. 24 oras po ang serbisyo ko po di lang

po naiintindihan. Pero di nila nalalaman yung responsibilidad natin. Mahirap, maano, magaan

yung tabaho, pero may mga kritiko pa rin. Di nawawala e. Talagang lahat ng tao talaga may

kritiko. Sa kabila nyun wala naman tayong sweldo, dun pa rin yung pamumuno. Di na nga

tumutulong. Sabi ko, pag-pray nyo na nga lang kami para makapaglingkod kami nang maayos.

Kesa kami pulaan ninyo, andaling magturo ng problema eh pero… B: hirap R: ang mga nandito po hindi lamang po mga relocatees mula po sa riles po? P: ah meron pong mga nagre-rent po dito e. Meron pong mga nagpaparenta po ng bahay. Meron

po. Sir ano po, kami po dito ang lehitiminong nakatira dito ay 1,300. 1,290 yan nang magkaroon

kami ng round table discussion sa NHA. Ah ang populasyon po natin dito ay more or less 11, 000

po. Kaya po kung iangat sa isang barangay, dalawang barangay po - pwede po tayong maging 2

barangay sa dami po. B: oo. Eh lalo na ngayon, dumadami na ngayon. P: kaya nga sana maintindihan ako ng mga myembro na hindi basta basta ang mamuno. 2

barangay po ang populasyon natin kaya sabi ko di nila ako naiintindihan. Pagdating nyo nga ilang

tao na ang lumapit sakin. Marami na, ilan na po yung nagtungo.Pero di naiintihdn ng mga myebro

ano? Sabi ko nga sa inyo kung makikipagtulungan ang mga committee natin e walang probelam.

E kita mo ano bang naging ibang function ng committee? Eh wala, wala talaga e. Ako ang

naglalakad ng acilities natin kasi nga hindi kumikilos ang mga committee. Kasi ang iniisip nung

iba, okay lang, si pangulo naman ang sisisihin ng mga tao. Ganoon ang nagiging balik sakin. R: sobrang lawak po yata ng saop po ng north ville yan. B: bale tatlo sya, 2.8, 2.1, 4.6 P: ano po phase 1 ph 2 ph 3 po B: yun po ang hinawahawakan nya P: kaya nga po sabi ko sa inyo kung populasyon po ang paguusapan, 2 barangay po kami rito kasi

po yung dinatnan po naming barangay rito nung sila’y nahandito may boto lang na 200 panalo ka

na. 1000 lang sila e. Eh ngayon po mmore or less nga 11000 kami rito. Kaya ang politiko, pag

eleksiyon, nandito sa amin. Dahil malaki. R: lahat po ay sakop po ng Valenzuela po? B: oo. (inaudible) B: kaya malaki area ng Valenzuela. 34 barangays. P: de ano, 33 ata. B: yung canumay east at west, naging 33. Pero kung aanuhin mo, 34 barangays. R: meron po ba ditong malalapit po na pampublikong ospital? B: dun din sa Malinta. P: dalandanan, meron. B: Sa karuhatan P: kaya lang po sa mga hinarahap na pagpapalano po, eh dapat po kasi, kung hindi lang namatay

yung kapitan dyan sa punturin, dapat may ospital na pong malaki riyan. B: ngayon ginagawa nang iglesia P: may narinig po kami minsan na di ko alam kung gagawin bang sementeryo o ospital, basta

ganon. Parang ganon. Di ko po masyadong sigurado sa plano.

xxxi

P: apartment sya na may bubong. Meron namang nagsasabing gagawing ospital yung sa likod, di

ako sigurado doon e. R: malalapit po ba yung mga pambulikong ospital po? B: malayo. P: medyo malayo po sir, e. B: 2 sakay din. R: nagiging problema po ba, kunwari po sa pagpapadala po ng ambulansya po? P: problema po. Sa dami po ng tao e. Ang totoo po nyan e lima po ambulansya namin sa

barangay. Lima na po ngayon. May darating pa atang 3. kasi nga po yung darating po dyan na tao

ng 850, kung lima lang po di po kaya un. Aya may naka-schedule po na darating po. Minsan

nadedelay ang dating ng ambulansya. R: may ano po ba dito, health center po? B: meron P: marami po kami. Bawat ano meron po kami. Ano rin iyon… B: sa bignay meron din. R: kumusta naman po yung sa mga health cente rpo? B: okay naman. R: wala naman po ba yung kunwari po, halos wala pong tao? P: ang alam ko, MWF ay may doktor naman. B: kahapon wala, kasi nagpaano ako. Kinagat ako ng pusa. Kahit hapon na pumunta ako ng

Malinta, nagpa-injection ako. R: gamot po, kompleto naman po? B: kung halimbawa, may ano ang DOH, may gamot talaga dito. Minsan naman nawawalan kasi

nga, syempre yung padala, nadedelay din. Pag meron naman, talagang lahat ng nagpapa-checkup,

o kagaya ng mga senior citizen, may mga gamot naman sila R: wala naman po ba dito yung kaso po, kunwari po yung sa Bagumbong po, parang medyo,

nakakabastos po yung dentista? Kasi yung mga iba po ayaw po nilang pumunta sa health center P: kasi nga… nababastos. B: ano kasi, meron kasing nagtatanong, kahit nga dito, may nagtatanong na hindi dapat ikwento.

Yung iba kasi, halimbawa, nagpapa-pap smear, isa lang ang titingin: pero nagtitinginan ang mga

ano. P: e diba dapat may tagong lugar to, may lugar na pap smear-an. Dapat di ganoon. B: kaya nga ako, sabi ko kahit ako di ako magpapa-ano dyan kung ganyan ang ginagawa nila.

Kasi private yan e. Yun ang no, meron talaga.pero ngayon nasa mobile. Yung truck. parang doon

na ginagawa. Pero hindi ko lang alam kung ano, kasi dati, mismong sa loob ng center. Yung mga

ano dyan, nakiki-usyoso. Ganoon ang nagyayari sa Caloocan. Bagumbong. May naaano ako kasi

nagkkwento din. Ayaw nila ng ganon. P: mali naman talaga un. Dapat may privacy. B: kahit nga noon, kasi noon di pa uso yung mobile, yung mga singit daw ang iitim. P: dapat may privacy. B: yun ang ano dati. R: ah sa tingin nyo po, ano po yung kinaibahan po ng dati nyo pong komunidad kompara po dito

po? P: ay malaki po ang kaibahan. Kasi dun po sa pinanggalingan po namin bagamat po matagal po,

kasi nga taga-bulacan ako e, nakpaag-asawa nga ako ng taga-riyan. Malaki po ang kaibahan kasi

po dun sa pinanggalingan namin dyan, malapit sa creek. Kay konting ulan lang po baha na kaagad

yan. Ang diperensiya po rito eh maayos ang lugar namin di kapares sa pinanggalingan. B: pero kung sa ano naman, sa trabaho, mas malapit sa palengke.yun naman ang ano doon.

Ospital, pamilihan, nandyan lang. Kesa dito, byahe ka pa. Yun ang ano. Kaibahan. R: madali lang naman po bumyahe rito? B: maraming sasakyan.

xxxii

R: yung sa presyuhan naman po? P: sa pamasahe po? Minimum po. Sumusunod po sila sa fare, kung magkano ang ano sa

gobyerno. R: bale di naman po medyo mabigat sa ano po, o medyo ano rin po sa pamasahe? B: kung sa ano, sa pamasahe, mabigat. Kasi napakalayo. Pero kung nandyan lang naman, 8.

Ganoon din naman sa ano. Ang ano nga lang dito, dalawang sakay. (inaudible) R: May simbahan po ba rito? B: mayroon dito. P: may sarili kaming chapel R: May mga daycare po ba dito? B: meron. P: Meron po. B: yung nadaanan natin sa court. R: public po ba sya? B: oo. P: request nga po natin na madagdagan ang daycare natin e. B: yung ano dyan, yung bakante. P: nung last year pinatawag kami ni mayor e. B: akala ko gagawin nang school. P: kung tutupad nga sila sa pag-uusap namin, talagang madadagdagan ng isa. Yung isa palauran

ng bata. Sana tumupad, kasi pag tumupad sila, yung court, mangyayari. Tapos nung isang araw

finollow up ko yung bakod ng creek sa likod, doon sa lugar na un. Sinukat na namin yung bakod

kasama ang engineer. Sana tumupad nga, kasi nga matagal na rin ang pagpaplaano na nagagawa

riyan eh. Noong panahon pa ng dati naming ano. Basta yung mga ano dyan. Ang plano nga,

hugutin yung mga poste at doon ilagay ang mga bakod. Requeest natin kay Mayor na ang city

engineers, palagyan natin ng steel matting kasi delikado sa mga bata baka malaglag. Pinipilit

natin na sa panahon natin e magawa iyan. Kami nga ibang beses kong tinutukan sa city hall yan.

Kaya ako nga may direkta akokay mayor kasi pag doon lang ako sa city engineer, oo lang nang

oo. B: puro ano, oo lang. P: e kaya ako nakikipag-ugnayan mismo kay mayor kahit walang appointment, sinasabi kong

may project akong ire-report kay mayor. Okay naman. Mga outpost natin wala pang pintura,

pinababakuran ko ito. Ito talaga pinagsisikapan kong may-ari kasi noong araw maliit lang sya,

may yero dahil nasa camachile. Yung paligid puro anay. Ngayon, pinadagdagan ko ng 2 meters.

Pinalagyan ko ng kubeta, ng lababo. At tsaka yung ni-request ko sa clean and green yung

camachile. Eh kasi yung nagiging dahilan ng… B: puputulin sya. P: pinaputol ko na. Wala na yung camachile roon. Kasi yan ang dahilan ng pagkasira ng yero.

Putol na po yan. Di na nga nakita ng iba yung ginagawa natin, kasi di ko naman sinasabing

lalakad tayo sa ganoon. (inaudible) P: ..sa daycare center na request ng mga taga-block 1, tapos na po un. Yari na po un. Kaso

sinasaraduhan e. Ang sabi ko sa mga nasa taas, magreklamo kayo sa NHA. Kasi ni-request nyo sa

amin, yari na, tapos na po iyan. Kasi ang mga teacher at tsaka mga magulang, nag-request sa akin

na maraanan ang alley road doon. B: kasi nangyari na sa akin na natamaan ako ng bola sa ulo. P: ang sabi ko nga sa mga ano, sa NHA na kayo mag-request, kasi yung responsibilidad ko na

magawa iyan, nagawa naman na e. Kasi baka isipin na ako lang ang may gusto. Dapat sila

mismong mga residente… B: tsaka yung mga nanay ng estudyante P: matatamaan nga. Yun ang problema. Kaya sabi ko, kayo naman sana. Yung responsiblidad ko

bilang pangulo, pinagawa ko na - tapos na yan. Kaya lang doon na dumadaan sa creek, bumababa

xxxiii

doon. Di ko na problema yon kasi pinabakuran ko na yyung daanang sirang pader e. E dumadaan

pa rin doon, e di ko na problema pag naaksidente sila diba. B: yun nga. Gaya sa amin, bumababa talaga sila sa creek. P: pero di nakita ng mga myembro natin yun - yung ginagawa nating pagisiskap. Minsan

nakukulangan pa samantalang naisip mong patay na wala pang balita. Napakabigat. Pero di ko na

pinapansin, di tayo makakapagtrabaho kapag pinansin natin yung kritiko e. Okay lang. R: ano po ba yung ano po, yung madalas po na sakit ng mga tao po. Kunwari po yan, lalo na po’t

tag-init po. B: high blood. P: number one sakit po bulsa. Joke lang. High blood po. B: at tsaka yung inaatake sa puso. Yun ang una. Karamihan dito high blood. R: may mga kaso po na kunwari po, mabagal po dumating ang ambulansya po, tapos yun po e

inatake na po… B: kung anuman, yung pagdating ng ambulansya, yun nga - kulang. Kasi di lang naman isa ang

ano, maraming nangangailangan. Kaya minsan nawawala yung ano. P: di naman masyadong matagal sir. Kasi nga po, kahit wala ang barangay natin, madali pong

tumawag sa rescue. May medic pong kasama. R: marami naman pong natatawagan po? P: marami po. Kung di po pwede rito, meron po sa kabila. B: sa Lawang Bato, pwede silang mag-rescue. P: pwede po silang mag-rescue kaya wala pong problema. B: halimbawa pag wala talaga. Minsan naman, napipilitan yung iba. Umaano na lang ng

sasakyan. R: Ay buti pa po pala dito, mas… B: hirap kasi ni malapitan e.. P: um-attend ako ng 5-year development plan sa NHA. mas malaki yung kaibahan natin sa ibang

lugar. Yung Bagumbong, parang wala silang palengke. B: wala. Problema. P: problema yung drains, problema palengke. Problema streetlight. Wala sila nyun e. Di ko alam

kung dun yun. B: san kayo nag-ano ng discussion? P: sa main ng NHA. Mga February. B: housing summit, nandoon si Duterte. February 8. P: nabasa ko yung ano, na February 8 si duterte andoon. Kinabukasan naman kami. Kagagaling

nga lang daw ni duterte noong nakaraang araw. Tama, tama. B: andaming mga ano, tao doon. Di nga lang ako nakapasok doon sa rami ng - nahuli akong

dumating. Dapat papasok din ako sa loob ng NHA, e traffic. Nakapasok pa sila 12:30. 12 nandito

poa ako sa NHA, nag-aano pa ako ng training ng dishwashing. R: bale ano po, meron pong malapit po na NHA dito po? B: NHA, sa amin. Pero ang NHA dito, may office dito. Local. P: tabi lang namin. Baba ng opisina namin. B: doon. Gusto mo makausap? R: okay lang po, may nakausap po ako na sa Bagumbong po e. B: ah sa Bagumbong, iba naman. Iba ang ano nila doon problema. *nagkakasabay ang tatlong boses* B: ang bignay kasi, dalawa ang north ville. 1 dito, 1b sa Bagumbong. Dito ang una - bignay. R: Kailan po kayo pinalipat dito po? B: 2004? R: ah, mas maaga. B: di pare-parehas. May 2004, 5, 6. Di nagkasabay-sabay. Siguro yung mga nakapagpagawa agad

ng kubo, yun agad ang lumipat. Basta ang alam ko 2004 2005, ganoon.

xxxiv

R: ano pong masasabi po nyo sa koneksyon po ng relocaton site mga LGUs po? B: wala naman ong problema. P: wala po. B: wala tayong problema sa LGU e. P: maski sa local government, kasi matulungin sila. B: tumutulong talaga. P: siguro kung makikita nyo ang lugar namin sa bandang labas e, magandang city hall, daan,

lahat ng multipurpose, covered court - magaganda po. Baka gusto nyo pong pumasyal dyan, sa

village namin. May sarili kaming bumbero. R: Ah may sarili pong bumbero po? Aba, maganda po. P: may ambulansya, bumbero. B: may station - ayan, sa harap. P: meron kaming mga volunteer, may mga tanod po kaming nagroronda sa gabi. Kaya lang ata

minsan sa gabi, mga tinatamad minsan. B: matatanda na e. P: kasi mga volunteer nga e. R: ano po yung mga madalas po na krimen dito po? B: away ng mga kabataan, lasing, away kabataan. Mga trip trip, ganoon. Yun lang naman ata. Di

na kagaya dati. P: ngayon magkakabarkada na sila. R: ah nagkaroon po ba dito ng mga sariling negosyo po yung mga tao po? B: ah, sariling negosyo? Meron naman mga sarili. Yung mga ano, tindahan sa talipapa, sari-sari.

May junk shop. P: kahit bawal sa residential, may tinapahan. B: may ano rin dito, may tahian. R: malapit lang po ba dito yung city hall po? B: dalawang sakay. Pero kung sa toll gate ka dadaan, 3 sakay tayo e. Pero kung dito sa

Meycauayan, 2 lang. R: ano po ba, matagal po ba yung 2 sakay na un? B: dalawang sakay, siguro aabutin din ng.. Kung ma-traffic, minsan aabutin ng halos isang oras.

Ganoon. Kung matrapik. Pero kung may motor ka, may sasakyan ka, mabilis. P: ay oo, wala pang 30 minutes. Siguro mga 20 minutes. R: traffic lang po talaga. B: traffic lang po ang problema. P: 15 minutes, 20 minutes, nandoon ka na. R: iniisip ko po kasi kung baka ang kaibahan po, dito po mas malapit po sa city hall po kaya mas

madali pong napapaabutan po. P: di naman, dulo din naman kami. B: hindi, dulo. Ito yung pinakadulo. Sa Bagumbong, dulo din naman sya. R: pero di po sya mapaabutan ng ano - P: pero suporta ng ano - B: ang ano kasi sa Bagumbong, magta-tricycle ka pa papasok. E dito, pagbaba mo, pwede mo na

lakarin. Doon kasi, magta-tricycle ka pa ng - halimbawa, ikaw lang: 15. Pag 2 kayo, 10. R: e mas mura po dito po. B: Oo, kasi di ka na ano e. Nasasayo naman kung sasakay ka. Halimbawa yung mga napagod na.

Ayun, mga napagod, doon lang naman sumasakay. Pero kung tutuusin, kung lalakarin mo, okay

lang. Kasi pagbaba mo eto na. Doon sa Bagumbong, pagbaba mo, sasakay ka pa ng tricycle. R: nakapagpatanim po ba dito ng mga puno po para di po masyadong maaraw po? P: meron po, may mga tanim po kami. B: may mga tanim. Bago pa lamang ata rito may mga nagtatanim na ano? P: dyan sa chapel, may mga puno riyan.

xxxv

R: bago po nagawa po… B: Basta, yung, nagtanim ata mga sundalo. P: mga army. B: yung ginagawa rito. R: ba’t po army po? B: Ay, ayun ang dito noon. P: dati po kasi, army talaga. B: ang unang-una kasi, sila ang nag-develop. P: sa drainage po, sila po ang nagpasimuno. B: kaya sila nagtanim-tanim ng mga ano rito. P: Yung mga malalaking puno. Mga dati na po un, yung iba. Di na po pinutol kasi bawal na po

ng DENR. R: medyo nabawasan din po? P: dati po marami pong puno dito, kaya lang tinayuan na ng bahay. R: mainam din po kasi kung may puno po para malamig. B: sa Bagumbong kasi walang puno. P: naku walang-wala talaga. R: puro bahay po. B: dito Northville 1B, wala ring puno. Ganoon na ganoon ang style sa Bagumbong. R: ano rin po ba dun, medyo mahirap din po ang… B: parehas. Kung dito sa Northville 1B, malapit na ang punturin palengke diba? R: opo. Ah, malapit na po? B: pag-akyat nila, lalakad lang sila nang onti, ayan na ang palengke. Meron mang talipapa doon,

iilan lang. R: so kumbaga po sa, ang minalas po talaga, e… B: Bagumbong. R: nasa tubig. B: kasi sa Northville 1B, may tubig na rin dyan. NAWASA nga sila e. P: nalagyan na rin yan. B: halos magkasunod lang e. Magkasunod lang ang project. R: bilang panghuling tanong po, ano po sa tingin nyo ang pinakaproblema po dito sa loob po ng

komunidad po? P: ang problema po dito syempre ay trabaho rin. Kasi nga dahil hindi naman lahat e nakapagtapos

ng pag-aaral, syempre medyo nahihirapan silang mamasukan. Pangalawa po, droga. Ayyun po

medyo nako-control na po di katulad dati ano talaga. Kahit naman saang lugar e. Matindi sa mga

probinsya. B: matindi sa Bagumbong. P: kaya nga, totoo. Alam ko naman. B: nakita ko. Doon mismo sa loob ng bahay. P: buong pilipinas naman yan ang problema natin ngayon e. B: oo. Sinusugpo ang droga. P: buong pilipinas yan. Ngayon, medyo nako-control-control nang konti. Natigil na nga. R: at tsaka dyan lang po kasi halos po ang pulis po e. P: e ang pulis e… B: hindi rin. P: sa totoo lang sir e, di ka rin pwede magtiwala sa pulis. B: hindi. R: bakit po? B: kasi yung nangyari dito nung nakaraan lang, pinkawalan e. P: dahil bata nila. Asset nila. B: asset nila.

xxxvi

P: abusado. B: grabe, hindi tama un. P: e ako nga nilapitan nila, makikipagtulungan raw pero yun pala… B: pero pinuntahan na raw. P: unang-una may mga armas. E wala naman akong mga bodyguard, may pamilya ako, kaya..

.(inaudible) B: pero kinausap na raw, e. P: at hindi ko konsinti yan. Tandaan mo yan, maniwala ka. B: grabe kasi. P: pinagalitan daw yung mga pulis B: oo. P: Kaya sabi ko, ako walang kakahayang ano kasi nga, may pamilya ako. B: ang ingay ni Emi nung nasa ospital kami e. P: sana’y maintindihan nila ang kalagayan ko bilang pangulo. (inaudible) Sinaway ko.. Baka

lasing sa droga, sinaway ko, binaril ako. Sabihin “napakatanga ni pangulo, di man nya trabaho”..

Kasi police matter e. Diba? Trabaho ng pulis. Pangalawa kako magdala ako ng baril dyan, nabaril

ko yung magnanakaw, (inaudible) di mo naman trabaho pinasok.. Yan ang pinaliwanag ko sa

kanila. Kaya sana po, wag nyong iano sa akin ang mga ganyang problema. Kasi una po, di ko

naman trabaho. Pwede kong tulungan nang hindi sa ganyang bagay. Mga pasikreto lang ba,

ganoon. Kasi may pamilya ako na pangangalagaan ko rin naman. Wag basta-basta…

(inaudible).na malagay sa alanganin. Sabi ko e, ang problema dito pulis. Konsintidor sila. Minsan

yung ano… R: yung ano, madali lang pong napapakawalan po yung mga.. P: siguro alam mo naman dito sa buong Pilipinas yan ang sakit ng mga kapulisan diba. Pati nga

ang tokhang natin naabuso, dahil nga yung pinatay na koreano, diba. Abuso yun diba. Kinikidnap

nila. B: Sila mismo. P: Paano ka magtitiwala ngayon sa… B: di mo talaga pwedeng pagkatiwalaan. P: tinawagan ako ni chief… (inaudible) baka pwedeng tulungan mo ako. Baka pwede mong ituro

yung mga ano.. Sabi ko, “Sir, pag yang mga AFP ituturo ko, pagpasensyahan nyo po… unang-

una meron kayong (inaudible), pangalawa meron kayong intelligence fund, ba’t ako gagamitin

nyo? Dahil ba naghahanap kayo ng maibabala? Anong magagawa ko samantalang kayo nga alam

nyo yan e? B: Alam nila yan e. P: kaya sabi ko ba’t ako ang gagamitin ng mga loko na to? Di na bumalik. May pamilya ako,

ayokong madamay. Di bale kung ako na lang e. Wag lang mga anak ko. Dahil baka pag mga anak

ko nadali, ibang usapan na un. Di ako pwedeng ganoon, kaya nag-iingat akong mapasubo e. R: ano po kaya yyun pag mga krimen po, tapos di naman po mapapagkatiwalaan po ang pulis

kapag naaresto po? P: (inaudible) Last month, sa chief of police ng Valenzuela, sabi e. (inaudible) Kung saan

humihingi sila ng tulong sa pamayanan, at sa pamunuan, na itawag lang ninyo. Wag nyong

sabihin ang pangalan ninyo. Itext lang ninyo at kami ang aaksyon. Sabi ng hepe namin sa

Valenzuela. Kaya sabi ko sa mga nagrereklamo sa akin, ako naman nakikipagtulungan naman

ako. Di nyo lang alam un. Di ko na lang talaga ma-pinpoint, kasi sabi ko may paimlya ako e.

Dapat yun ang protektahan ko, yung pamilya ko. Kaya sana maintindihan nila ako. Yung bunso

kong binata. May isa nga e isang tingga lang - pasensya ka na. Ayokong mangyari sa anak ko

yung nag-aaway po sila. Yung iba hindi ako naiintindihan e. Na ako, ibabala ako ng… Kung

medyo makitid ang utak ko e papasukin ko yung mga ganoong bagay. E, hindi ako magtatagal.

Sabi ko, kung kinakailangan kong lumayo sa sitwasyon.. Yung tungkol sa pulis e kahit saang

lugar ganoon na. Diba? Kaya Sir, nasa UP po kayo.. Noong araw kasama ko ang UP. Member po

xxxvii

ako ng LFS, ng League of Filipino Students kung saan po e, ang pangulo po namin ay si

Nathaniel Santiago. Ewan ko kung ang istorya ng UP, alam mo siguro Sir - si Lean Alejandro,

inabutan ko po iyon. 14 years old pa lamang po ako, street parliament lang po ako nung araw e.

Kasama ko po yung mga aktibista sa UP. 14 anyos kasi president ako ng student council e. Kaya

po noong mga panahon nina Chino Roces, nina Salonga, e ako po’y nasa lansangan na nung

araw. At member din po ako dati ng mga FFWW, ng Kilusang Mayo Uno, ng AMBA, ng KMP -

member po ako niyan. Marami pong di nakakaalam na ako po’y aktibista noong araw. Marami

pong di nakakaalam rito kaya ako e myembro ng mga ganyang organization po. Lalo noong

kabataan ko e ako po’y sila Nathaniel Santiago tsaka si Lean ano, siguro i-research mo rin sila… B: kilala ko yang mga yan. P: sila Bobbie Tanada, tanungin nyo sa mga nakatatanda kung sino tong mga to. Kasama po ako

noon sa EDSA. Nasa purefoods na po ako noon, kaya nagpadala kami dyan ng tulong noong

araw. Kasi nga po si Zobel po e sinuportahan po ng aming amo. Maraming di nakakaalam na

nung kabataan ko e mahaba yung naging pakikibaka ko. Mga taga-UP kasama ko, mga aktibista

po ng UP. Mga madre kasama ko nung araw, sila yung bumabakod sa amin. Binabakuran kami

ng mga madre. Pero maraming di nakakakaalam na iyon ang buhay ko noong araw. Ang

nakakaalam e sa bahay lang, (inaudible) di alam nila sister yun.. Kaya sabi ko… B: dito naman kasi, halimbawa, pag sinabi nila na may rally, mag-aano lang daw sa lansangan. P: mahalaga yan. B: di nila alam na mahalaga yun. Lahat naman na hindi mo naman talaga pangsarili lang ang

inaano mo. Panglahatan un. Pag nagtagumpay, lahat tayo magtatagumpay. Kaya yun ang iba rito

kasi mas - meron talagang hindi nakakaintindi. Kahit leaders, hindi pa rin nakakaintindi. Pero

kung talagang aaralin mo, kailangan mo talagang… R: Para sa boses po. B: kailangan talaga natin ng boses. P: Sir, dyan kayo sa loob ng PGH? R: Po? P: Dyan po kayo pumapasok? R: opo, sa harap po ng PGH. P: dapat ngayong umaga nandoon ako - kasi misis at anak ko nandoon e. B: ay nandoon sya? Doon magpapa-checkup? P: dapat kasama na ako, kaya lang may ano ako kay kapitana ngayon. May pakikipag-usap ako

kay kapitana. Kaya pinauna ko yung mga mag-iina ko roon e. Sa Padre Faura. B: gusto ko rin kausapin si kapitana. Sabi nila ikaw na ang kumausap. P: mas maganda, ano: ipaalam mo kay kapitana yung sa KADAMAY a. B: Oo, yun talaga. Ayoko yung sasabihin na.. Kasi ang mga tao dito, pag di nakakaintindi,

bypass. Yun ang talagang iniiwasan ko. Kaya nagtatawag ako doon sa mga ano. P: meron dito, yung ano, barama ba un? Nag-ano sila, di ko alam.. B: Teka - yung pagtatanim ng gardening? P: di ko laam yan noh, kaya nga nung nakipagpulong ako sa NHA tsaka sa DSWD tinag ako ni

kapitana.. B: Edmark daw un? P: Kanino ba un? Si Rommel ang nag-ano… (inaudible) Biniro ko pa nga e, parang (inaudible)

Kaya noong nakikipag-meeting ako sa DSWD tsaka sa NHA noong time sa 3s, nandoon si

Rommel ano. Tinanong ako ni Kap kung alam ko (inaudible) B: eh bakit… P: Kaya nga nagagalit si Kap sa mga ano e. Pamunuan sila, hindi mo ba alam? B: nandoon yung kumare ko e. (inaudible) P: alam naman natin panuntunan natin sa paglilingkod natin dito.. B: Nagtaka ako roon. Bakit merong mga nasa HOA na ang ibang mga, walang alam - walang

nakakaalam

xxxviii

P: kahit si kapitana. Pag kasi may mga project na lumapit, sa barangay muna yan. Tapos ipo-

forward sa akin ni kapitana na dumaan sa mga tao dito. B: kaya nagtaka ako, bakit nagbigay sila ng mga biodata? Kahit ako nakiano na rin ako. Sabi ko,

“ano ba yan? Bakit di kayo nagsasabi sa mga, bakit di kayo nag-iikot, kayo-kayo lang?”

Gumanon talaga ako. P: Yung mga opisyal, sila ang may problema doon. Hindi naman yung mga taong binigyan. B: nagsalita talaga ako. Bakit kayo-kayo lang? Dapat inikot nyo yung mga tao. Syempre, di yan

aayawan. Pag mga ganyan. P: bakit parang wala na kayong pangulo? May pamunuan e. Wag ganoon. B: Parang sila-sila lang. P: tulad nga ng ganito, no, may project ang DSWD tapos ang CBLA, tapos sila sasabay. E paano

yung area na gagamitin? Magkakaroon ng problema doon sa gagamitin nila, tama ba ako? E sana

kung sila’y nakipag-ugnayan sa akin, maiiwas natin sa project ng NHA. Mabigyan natin sila ng

ibang lugar na pwedeng magamit. E hindi nga. Mahalaga pa rin na alam natin un. B: Walang nakakaalam e. Kaya nga banda sa amin, nagtanong kami: ano yung biodata na un?

Bakit nagsa-submit kayo? Para daw sa luya un, magga-gardening. Sabi ko edi: sali na ako sa luya

nyo! Nandoon, may opisyal. P: Si (inaudible) ang problema kasi hindi rin sya yung pangunahing marunong. Alam ko meron

syang isang opisyales na pangunahing nakipag-ugnayan talaga e. B: Hindi ko lang alam kung sino. P: Si Melinda nagsabi sa akin. B: Kaya nga sinasabi ko si Mareng Melinda nandoon kasi nagtanong din ako sa kanya. Sabi ko

bakit di nagpapaikot? P: alam nila ang panuntunan natin bilang opisyales e. Alam nila yan. Sabay sabi naman, kung

okay naman.. B: pero yung sa livelihood, tinatanong na ako ng mga kapitbahay ko kung kelan na daw mag-

umpisa. Sabi ko: teka lang, wala pang signal. Sinabi nga ni Mareng Melinda nakapag-withdraw

na.. R: Saan po itatanim po yung mga luya po? B: Sa paso. P: sa kahoy. B: Sa sako. R: magbibigay lanng po sila ng.. B: Bale magbibigay lang sila ng mga itatanim, tapos papalaguin mo sya. Tapos ang benta mo - di

ko alam kung paano. P: ang naging problema ko dyan, ang akala ng iba 500 a day. B: Nyek. P: Yun ang balita. B: Sa akin wala akong alam na ganoon. P: Ito ah: sa akin, 500 a day daw ang unang balita. Kaya sila nag-aagawan nga e, nag-uunahan.

Sa pag-uusap namin, sa 100% na pagbebentahan ng luya, 40% lang ang bawi. Parang may scam:

parang may lumalabas na ganoon, noh. B: Eh yun nga e. P: gagamitin ng mga tao, may mga pirma yan, dalhin sa taas. Ayyun na. Andoon na ang

problema. 40% - nakakasigurado ka ba na yung itatanim mo.. B: kung mabubuhay. P: sa bagay, luya naman, madaling tumubo yan. B: hindi, maselan. Paano kung maliliit, kung payat.. P: pero yung mga tumubo rito ano, 500 a day. B: sabi? Wala naman sinabi sa akin. P: kaya nga sila, noong sabihin kong di ko alam, nagtuos na kay kapitan.takbuhan na sila. Inalam.

xxxix

R: paanong 500 po a day? B: halimbawa, mag-gardening ka. Araw-araw na sweldo. R: malaking bagay po.. Malaking bagay kung totoo. E ako nagsusubok lang naman ako. Kung totoo, e di maganda.

Ganoon ang ano ko. R: saan po mapupunta po yung bayad? Saan po kukuha po sa luya po? B: parang may pag-aanuhan sila. Halimbawa, magha-harvest. May pagbibigyan. May aanuhin. P: sila raw kukuha. B: Ah. Edmark. R: Saan po kaya nila ibebenta po? B: kasi ang edmark, gumagawa yan ng herbal. Ginagawang herbal. R: kompanya po sya? Di ko alam kung kompanya. Ano sya e, kasi may mga.. Si Rommel kasi,

ang opisina nila, sa may Meralco. Sa may Malinta, yung diretso na jeep. Diba may Malinta-

Diretso, may Malinta-Kaliwa. Dito lang banda, papasok. Dinadaanan ko kasi yan pag pupunta

ako sa kuya ko. P: Sila Rommel e, kay Gatchalian to? Parang hindi ano. B: maliit lang ano nila. Parang bahay lang na maliiit. Pinaka-opisina nila. Okay na? R: Opo..

TRANSCRIPT OF INTERVIEW WITH THE NHA OFFICE IN BAGUMBONG

Chief or Ma’am ‘Fely’ (presiding officer in NHA Office, Northville II-B

resettlement)

Chief: Budget talaga masyado, so minsan, sa nga’yon, ang ginagawa yata nga’yon ay sa

livelihood. ‘yong mga singit-singit lang kami, (inaudible), siyempre hindi naman. May mga

public, appointed, agency, so ang ginagawa nga’yon ‘yong livelihood namin, natatap din naman

niya ‘yong mga DAP funds para makapag-conduct pa rin siya ng mga trainings, kaya di programs

tapos ‘yong sa kabila, ‘yong sa mga (inaudible) like DSWD, may mga nilulunsad na program din

‘yan. Nagkakaroon ng mga vegetable garden dito, so ‘yon ‘yong mga income-generation

(inaudible) o ‘yong mga ano nila doon, interagency effort nila doon, nagbibigay ng mga foot

forward program ‘yon. sa short term na 3 months, susuwelduhan ‘yong mga tao ng certain,

parang minimum e, tapos batch by batch ‘yon so hindi ko na alam kung gaano katagal ‘yong mga

ganun nilang program. A portion of that goes to the housing operation, the rest, halimbawa 50-

50% lang naman ‘yon, sa kanila na ‘yon.

Researcher: Gaano kadalas po ‘yong mga ganung programa po na may livelihood-livelihood po?

C: ‘yong sa amin, sa regular may 1 year, taon-taon may plano sila dapat, may program sila na

ilulunsad. Kaya lang hindi mo, hindi ka, hindi masusustain na ‘yong, let’s say na ‘yong

sustainability na ‘yong problema e, kasi hindi nga sa amin dapat ‘yong livelihood e, may

livelihood agencies tayo. Dapat ‘yong TESDA ‘yon, dati may livelihood center tayo e, dati may

TLRC, phinase out ‘yon. So meron ang local government, meron silang counterpart, ta’s meron

nga ‘yong TESDA on a national scale naman. Ang hinahanap, kung hahanapin mo, sa mga

projects hindi laging ganoon na para may katuna’yan na nakita ka sa paktorya, na employed

‘yong mga tao ganoon. Hindi ganoon lagi, iba-iba ‘yong (inaudible) ng proyekto. Dito mas more

on big’yan sila ng trainings, ng skills para ‘pag maging ano sila, makapagput-up sila ng small

business o kaya makapag—So mga hindi rin ganun kalaki ‘yong makikita mo sa ibang area, pero

meron naman din silang referral system, siyempre dapat walang gulangan di’yan e, ‘yong mga

agencies, ‘yong mga (inaudible), ‘yong mga nagiging recruitment agency. Siyempre meron din

xl

namang ilang napapasok doon, kaya lang hindi na namin sigurado kung 5 months-5 months lang

‘yon o may long-term employment.

R: Ano po ba, may, sa pagpipili po ng resettlement po ng NHA po, may criteria po ba sila?

Kunwari po bakit po (inaudible) ‘yong napili ko

C: Kasi mayroong mga policy na in city dapat dahil (inaudible) ang budget sa city, kaya lang ‘di

naman--- Halimbawa, eto Caloocan, nag-insist din naman ‘yong local government e. Ang local

government din naman kasi ang magrerequest sa amin para i-record ‘yong mga tao. So kung

meron si’yang ma-refer sa (inaudible), ‘yon ang pwedeng (inaudible) planuhin. Pero kung hindi,

kung wala, may options na, option na lang din labas.

R: Para public na lang---

C: Pero ‘yong policy di’yan ay na ‘yong guidelines, parang gaano kalayo from the point of

origin to point of destination, gaano kalayu, dedescribe ‘yon. Kaya may mga policies na nilabas

‘yong mayor, kaya kung galing ka dito somewhere sa Caloocan na more (inaudible), ang bagsak

ni’yan, karamihan Bulacan. (inaudible) So may ganoong policy, kaya lang hindi dito kami ang

unang nakaktipon ng mga ano e, dokumento, dapat sa program office, marami ‘yon.

R: Saan po kaya ‘yon?

C: Ang program office namin nasa main office nga’yon, National Capital Region, o kaya nasa

information. Pero alam mo, tignan natin hindi, ko lang dala ‘yong materials na ginagamit e,

basahin mo lahat ng issuances tungkol sa housing na ginagamit ng NHA. Baka makadampot ka

din doon online. Pwede naman siguro doon diretsong manghingi kaya lang ‘di ba alam mo naman

‘yong mga formalidad, mga (inaudible), kailangan may mga request-request ka talaga, may

formal kang request.

R: ‘yong (inaudible) po kaya meron din po sa website po?

C: ‘yon ang hindi ako sigurado. Meron si’yang standards pero depende rin naman kasi minsan sa

interagency (inaudible). Ano pa ba ang kailangan mo? Ilista mo para makita natin kung saan kita

maididirekta kung sakali.

R: Meron na pong profile po, ‘yong sa---

C: Para kung magtatanong ka kay Ms. Marin, tawagan ko siya, maidirekta ng maayos sa kung

anong gagawin. Kasi pwede kang mabig’yan ng vebal pero siyempre iba naman ‘yong, mas

maganda ‘yong may document kang nakukuha, kasi may mga pwede ta’yong magtanong-tanong

sa mga (inaudible) pero ‘yon nga e ‘yong dokumento ang wala e, pinakakailangan. I-identify mo

‘yong mga kailangan mo para ‘pag nagtanong ka tsaka tumawag ka sa kaniya, matatanong mo ng

klaro. Kasi baka mangyari sa’yo ni’yan, tingi-tingi ang impormas’yon mo. ‘Di ko kasi dala

(inaudible) document na ginagamitan din ako noon kaya ako (inaudible).

R: Mga magkano po ‘yong ano po, binibigay po kapag balik-probinsya po ang pinili ng tao?

C: Ang alam ko, depende siguro sa city pero ang DSWD, kapag hindi nagbigay ng assistance

ang city (inaudible), nasa siyudad ‘yon e. Pero ang DSWD, hindi naman sila nagbibigay ng pera,

ano lang siya, ticket kung saang probinsya uuwi, ganoon lang. Tapos ang goods, ‘di ko na alam

ang sukat kasi depende nga rin ‘yon kung ano ang kanilang bargaining ng city tsaka ng mga tao.

Pero may guidelines ang DSWD ni’yan, kung ilang araw si’yang bibiyahe, tapos dati nagbibigay

sila ng supisyente kung hanggang several ang dami ng tao doon, hindi ko na sigurado ‘yon e,

kung nabago. Meron silang standards ta’s depende sa city kung magbibigay siya ng (inaudible),

ibibigay niya cash, depende sa mayor. Kasi noon sa Smokey, lahat ng na-disqualify, ‘yong mga

xli

nag-api-apila, ‘yong iba naman kasi biglang humahabol na lang, aapila na nandoon ako,

(inaudible) naman ako, render ako, sharer ako, maraming istorya ‘yan. So ‘yong dati sa Smokey,

‘yong mga na-disqualify na ganun, wala na kasing sapat na ebidensya na patunay na nanirahan

sila doon pag ganun, pag na-disqualify. Binibigay, depende nga sa project, doon binig’yan sila ng

P5, 000 each, ‘yong mga na-disqualify, ta’s kung mag-aavail sila ng balik- probinsya sa DSWD

sila makikipag-usap.

R: Bale po mga hindi po nakasali po dito po sa resettlement program po, binig’yan po sila po ng

parang pakonsuwelo po na P5,000?

C: Hindi, ano ‘to e, (inaudible) sinasabi ko sa’yo Smokey Mountain. So ang bawat locality may

katangian minsan na may mga iba’t ibang na mga pampormal na ibibigay. Halimbawa,

(inaudible). Ito nabig’yan ito ng subsidy. Bukod sa socialized housing siya, may subsidy na

binigay sa kaniya ang local government. Binig’yan din siya ng subsidy ng national government,

‘yong housing. Bale ano siya, kung 140 na lang, 15 tsaka 10, 35, 000 bale e ‘yong subsidy nila in

total. So 140 plus 35 175 dapat ang cost ng house and lot niya, less 35 kaya 140 na lang utang

niya. Ang subsidy in the form ng parang ‘yon na ‘yong ginawang downpayment. Inawas na agad

doon sa cost, kaya dalawa ang contract nila dito dahil magkaiba ang cource ng funding. Kaya

depende, depende sa local government, depende rin sa aid ng mga authorities e. Kaya minsan

may mga city na medyo maganda ang assistance sa mga residente nila, sa mga IFS nila, minsan

hanggang doon sa resettlement site tinutulungan sila, may ganoon. May ganoong city, may

ganoong local government. E iba naman kasi ang batas ng local government ‘di ba, medyo mas

flexible pa nga ang batas nga’yon. ‘Di ba nabasa mo ‘yong Local Governemnt Code nila?

R: Yes, ma’am.

C: Mas may, parang mas may autonomy, parang mas, may ano sila e, parang elder room sa

pagdedecide kasi sanggunian-sanggunian lang naman sila ‘di ba, sa distribus’yon lang ‘yon. E

kung marami silang pera, marami silang pwedeng i-produce na programa.

R: Bukod po ba sa bahay po, ano pa po ‘yong mga nabigay sa mga tao po ?

C: Nung lumipat sila pam-financial, nung lumipat sila binig’yan din sila ng P1,000 para

allowance nila siguro, bukod doon sa goods ng DSWD, siguro pambili ng kung ano man, ng

pangkain man nila o pako nila ganun. Sa kanila, ‘yon na ‘yong pinera nila kaya dito nag-iissue

nung e nawawala nga ‘yong P35, 000 e

R: Ano po ‘yong---

C: Kasi nagkaisipan sila na dapat ang P35, 000 na subsidy binigay sa kanila ng cash, kaya noon

may mga kampanya na ganoo kaya nahirapan din kami sa koneksi’yon e. Parang may utang ang

LG sa kanila, hindi binigay ‘yong P35, 000 sa kanila, kinuha ng NHA ganoon.

R: Pero ang nakalagay naman po sa kontrata po na pipirmahan po nila ay ‘yong P1, 000 po tsaka

‘yong bahay po?

C: Magkaiba, dalawang kontrata ‘yan, ‘yong isa sa unit, sa istruktura, isa ‘yong sa lote tapos

nakalagay doon ‘yong halaga ng unit, nakalagay ‘yong halaga ng lote. Binawas na agad ‘yong

subsidy, kaya ang balance ganito, ganito ang computation.

R: Wala naman po dito ‘yong sinasabi po na P35, 000 po?

C: Kasi binawas na nga namin sa house and lot nila e, na utang nila eh, na housing loan nila e.

R: Private land daw po (inaudible)?

xlii

C: Hindi, ang resettlement naman natin, ang mga siyudad naman wala namang sariling minsan

pagmamay-aari ng mga lupain. Mabuti kung kapareho tayo ng (inaudible), may sarili si’yang

lupa, siya mismo ang gumastos sa development na tumulong lang e (inaudible) Construstion.

Pero kung wala bibili, bumibili ang gobyerno.

R: A, bale eto po---

C: Eto pribado talaga ang may-ari nitong lote na ‘to.

R: Sino po ‘yong ---

C: Ano lang, Dela Cruz lang, ‘di ko alam ang full name a kasi ‘di ko ka’yang (inaudible). ‘yong

may-ari ng nasa bungad, ‘yong Norka Homes, ‘yon din ang may-ari ng lupai na ‘to. Kaya lang

‘yon, ‘di niya binenta ‘yong nasa bungad kaya kinapos din kami sa units.

R: Bakit po hindi po binenta po ‘yong nasa bungad po?

C: E baka mas malaki ang kikitain niya ‘pag ginawa ni’yang sarili ni’yang housing. ‘yong nasa

bungad doon sa kaniya ‘yon e, iba kasi ang presyo ‘pag private.

R: Balak po ba si’yang gawing subdivision po?

C: A’yon, subdivision niya ‘yon e. Kaya akala mo iisa lang kami ng itsura kasi iisa lang ‘yong

planong ginamit niya kasi ‘yong developer nun, nung ginawa ito siyempre may plano, nung

dinevelop niya ‘yon, ginaya niya na lang ‘yong plano dito. Tinamad na, tinamad nang gumastos

para sa plano niya, kaya a’yon mukhang pareho ang itsura.

R: Akala ko po magkasama po talaga.

C: Hindi, tamad lang ‘yong developer nun. Hindi na iniba itsura, parehong-pareho.

R: A, bale pagmamay-ari niya po from---

C: Oo, ‘pag lampas nung arko di’yan, isang bloke lang dito sa left, ‘yon naang sakop ng NHA,

the rest nun sa kaniya na ‘yon. “Di ba may bakante di’yan?

R: Opo.

C: A’yon, private na ‘yon. Papunta di’yan.

R: Eto pop ala ‘yong sa kakailanganin ko po?

C: Kung livelihood kasi ang kailangan mo, may livelihood department di’yan e. Andi’yan din sa

MCI ‘yong unit head nun.

R: Pero ang NHA po talaga naka-concentrate po sila sa---

C: Mandate namin. Although ang ganda nga kasi sana na holistic approach , kaya lang dahil

hindi naman ‘yon ang mayor, siguro dapat naka-stipulate din ‘yon sa mandate.

R: Opo.

C: Kasi lahat naman ng ibig sabihin ng development, ‘yon ang away doon e. Development,

anong aspeto ba?

R: Pero po nung dumating na po ‘yong mga tao po dito ay may linya na po ng tubig nun po tsaka

kuryente po?

xliii

C: Hindi ako, hindi, kasi sa general kasi andi’yan na ‘yong mga dapat, nakaabang na dapat ‘yan.

Hindi ko alam ang saktong istorya nito e, kung operational na ‘yong mga linya. Kasi parang nung

una basta may potable water. Ang alam ko approachary settlement kasi inaabutan din namin

di’yan ‘yong pump. ‘yong pump ng water ‘yon muna ‘yong source nila ng water. Kasi ang

problema natin doon sa Maynilad, ‘di ba may privatization na scheme na pinapayagan sila, sa

approach nila ‘yong bulk selling, nga’yon ‘yong bulk selling na ‘yan, nagagwa sa resettlement

projects ‘yon. Nga’yon ang ginawa dito dahil siyempre nagmamadali depende ang katwiran ng

provider mo, may (inaudble) pa sila, ‘yong budget nila, ‘yong expenditure nila kung saan nila i-

aallocate ‘yong budget. Nga’yon, ang ginawang approach dito noon dahil gustong-gusto nilang

magkaroon ng tubig, papasok kasi ‘yong mga provider, meron silang parang pinaka-

concessionaire nila, parang may nagsasample sa kanila, may kabilang area na kinontra nil, e bago

‘yon. so parang sila ‘yong namumuhunan, sila ‘yong paglalatag talaga ng mga linya sa loob

talaga dahil wala pa ngang provision ang Maynilad. Sila muna ‘yong namumuhunan, tapos sila

‘yong nagmamanage ng---

R: Ano po ‘yong sinabi niyo po, bulk selling po?

C: Parang may mother meter. Although may individual meters ang bawat members, ‘pag nag-

apply ka sa kanila may individual meters ang household. Pero ang iriread nung Maynilad, ‘yon

lang mother meter. ‘yong sa individual naman, bahala ‘yong organization kung sino, kung ‘yong

proseso nila dito, ang pagpoprovide ng tauhan, sila ‘yong magmomonitor reading, sila rin ‘yong

maniningil, may ganun. Tapos sila ‘yong nagtatakda ng rate, kung magkano ‘yong babayaran nila

per cubic meter. Ta’s ‘yong dalawang phase naman, ginawang coop naman siya, coop. ‘yon ang

pinagtalunan nila dito, may nag-opt na mag-coop. So (inaudible) ‘yong bulk selling, kooperatiba

‘yong mamamahala imbis na Maynilad, ta’s nakahingi sila ng tulong kasi malaki rin ang gastos

ng paglalatag ng linya e, may metro. Although may binayaran din ‘yong tao tapos may

hinuhulugan-hulugan sila. Nakakahingi sila ng tulong sa IBP. Pero di’yan nagkakaproblema.

Nakakuha na rin sila ng water pero ang gusto nila direkta na mismo sa Maynilad. Ang problema

natin kay Maynilad ‘di pa nakaka- (inaudible) kasi dapat 5 years e mahigit 6 years na sila e, dapat

pwede na silang dumirekta.

R: Bale hindi pa po na-iinstal ‘yong sa private lang po nung sa Dela Cruz po, nung linya po ng

tubig po talaga, bago po---

C: Hindi sa kanila ‘yon e, ang pag-iinstall ng mga linya. Ang kasama lang sa mga iniinstall

nilang pasilidad ‘yong drainage, ‘yong sewer. ‘yong sa water, kasi may private ta’yong, may

hawak nun ay pribado ang Maynila, magko-concessionaire tayo na Maynilad. Kung government

‘yan, government ‘yan package ‘yan, hindi na ganun. Tapos may Meralco tayo, mag-aantay tayo.

Kukulit-kulitin mo rin ‘yon pero siya agn magtayo ng poste, ng ilaw niya. May coordination ‘yon,

pero unfortunately may privatization ng water, na kumukuha sila ng partners nila na

mamumuhuna, para ‘yon muna ang kakontrata nila. ‘yon naman ang kokontrata sa mga tao,

mamamhala ng patubig. Siyempre may mark up ‘yon, iba kasi ang rate nila ‘pag bulk na e.

R: Opo, dagdag.

C: ‘Di ba? Unlike na ‘pag individual ka e, may tinatawag na minimum di’yan. Medyo doon sila

may konting, may pagnanais talaga sila na maka-direkta na para medyo bumaba ‘yong presyo.

R: Mga anong oras po kaya pwede po akong tumawag sa mandate po ng NHA?

C: Subukan mo ng mga 10, usually naman mga 9 nandoon na rin siya e. Tawag ka ng mga 10.

R: Pwede po kaya na around 1 po?

xliv

C: Andoon naman siguro ‘yan, baka ‘di siya aalis kasi sa Martes may seminar.

R: May klase po kasi ako ng Monday

C: A, Monday morning may klase ka?

R: Opo.

C: O sige, nandoon naman siguro ‘yan. Basta try mo siya maghapon. Kasi may mga kausap din

siya kaya baka ‘di umalis on-time. Mawawala nga siya ng 3 days ata para sa Senate, 3 or 4 days

R: ‘Yon lang po.

C: Oo. ‘Di ko na kasi nadala ‘yong isang document ko, nabigay ko sana sa ‘yo ‘yong mga batas

tungkol dito, pero kung magssearch ka makikita mo naman. Hindi, tignan mo lang ‘yong page ng

NHA, ‘yong mga issuances sa kaniya, para sa kani’yang existence. Makikita mo naman ‘yon

doon, nakapost naman ‘yon. bahala ka na magtingin doon.

R: Maraming salamat po!

TRANSCRIPT OF INTERVIEW WITH PROFESSOR ALLAN MESINA

Professor Allan Mesina (Professor in the Development Studies Program, Licensed

Urban Planner)

Prof. Mesina: Dapat modulated pa, oh sige, ano ang tanong?

Researcher: Yung unang tanong po sir, sa tingin niyo po, ano po yung mga factors, kung gagawa

po kayo ng checklist po, ano po yung mga factors o aspeto na dapat pong ipaloob po doon?

M: para ano?

R:Sa kung ano, ah kung gagawa po kayo ng criteria po o checklist po para sa pagpapatayo ng

resettlement, ano po yung mga dapat ikonsidera po na ipaloob po doon?

M: Sa palagay ko ang pinakauna ay community participation. Yung ililipat dapat muna

kakausapin, tapos sila magdedetail kung saan marerelocate. Tapos yung iba, mga ano na yun,

mga technical na aspect, parang yung mga pinabasa mo sakin. May housing, bahay, yung

lokasyon, may facilities, pero yung pinakabasic talaga e yung, ano ba ang gusto ng mga tao? Lalo

na kung off-site ba o on-site na relocation, mga ganun. Sino ba may-ari nung mga bahay at bakit

sila papaalisin. So kailangan muna maresolve yun, with the community members bago pumasok

dun sa mga isyu. Yung lilipatan din ba nila e may mga eskwelahan ba, etc? That is secondary

doon sa community participation doon sa development ng kanilang community. Ang assumption

mo ba ay ililipat na sila? Kasi di ko alam yung assumption e.

R: Ayun po e nalipat na po sila doon sa mismong resettlement site, kaso po ay iniiwan po nila

ang mga bahay nila po at bumabalik po sila sa dating lugar po na nasa riles po.

M: Bakit?

xlv

R: Kasi po, ah, kunwari po wala pong trabaho, kung may mga malapit po na mga eskwelahan at

ospital po e

M: Galing no? Ikaw na ininterbyu ko e, hindi ba? Pero yun ang sagot, kasi di ko alam yung

context nung tanong mo e, kaya mahirap, mahirap pag di ko alam yung background, except

generic yung sinabi ko. Kailangan may participation, kasi most probably ang nilipatan nila ay off-

site, ibig sabihin malayo sa trabaho kaya babalik at babalik talaga sila sa trabaho, kasi yun ang

kabuhayan nila, so may isang step nan amiss, yun ang consultation.

R: Yun po ang nangyari po sir, tapos po meron kakausapin po yung komunidad pero yung,

parang ang nangyayari po ay kung ano po ang sasabihin nila sa announcement po ay yun ang –

M: Oo, perfunctory tawag dun

R: Perfunc-?

M: Perfunctory, it’s just, function lang nila na kausapin pero not to get ideas, but to convince the

people to leave. Di yun consultation, that’s persuasion, pinepersuade silang umalis, in the guise of

the consultation. Kaya problema yan, problema yan sa maraming ano, urban poor communities.

Usually kinukuha ng mga malalaking kumpanya, mga housing projects, yun ang tinitirhan nila,

yun ang problema.

R: Ano pong opinion niyo po ukol sa mga development projects po na naglilead siya dun po sa

community displacement po

M: Hirap ng question mo ah, anong komento ko? E—

R: Sa mga development projects kunwari po e iimprove daw po yung riles po, ieextend daw po

siya, papagandahin po ang tren, lilinisin po yung mismong riles po.

M: Sa palagay ko mas malalim pa ang dapat natin itanong e, bakit ba nagkaroon ng urban poor

communities, diba? Kasi reflection na lang yun ng maldevelopment ng isang bansa tulad ng

Pilipinas, kasi kung mayroon kang mahusay na mga housing projects, may matitirhan ang mga

taong naghahanap ng trabaho dito sa Metro Manila, kaso wala, kaya naghahanap sila ng libreng

espasyo para doon sila mabubuhay. Mga developer? Di ko alam e, e kung nasa tabi ng riles e

marami talagang namamatay doon, may easement naman talaga doon. Sana e maayos kung may

maayos na housing project. Kasi yan public project yata yan e, public ba?

R: Opo, kaso e may mga ano po siya, PPP po--

M: Kahit na, kung project siya na railway e, edi paunlarin ang railway pero hanapan ng

magandang matitirahan ang mga tao na malapit naman sa mga trabaho nila. Pwede naman yun,

magagaling naman ang mga engineers e, pag tinatamad, shortcut lang talaga, ililipat nila sa

malayo, kung san lang may bakante. Pero kung uupuan mo at pagiisipan mo, at

makikipagkonsultasyon sa mga tao pati sa mga developers, makakahanap sila dapat ng solusyon

housing na affordable para sa mga nakatira. Kasi ang mga tao din yan, mahirap naman na parang

daga na lang na itatapon mo kung saan. Dapat pati yung simbahan pumunta dun, kasi yung

religious, yung culture of religiosity, kasama yun sa culture natin e.

xlvi

R: Ang kinagandahan pa po pag simbahan po e minsan po yung mga simbahan po e parang may

mga missions na medical mission po

M: na dapat sana e ginagawa ng gobyerno?

R: Opo

M: Di pati yung pagsisimba, pero kung curative, ang naiisip ko lang talaga ay yung magspur ng

economic development, magtrain TESDA, or other NGOs na pwedeng pumasok at tumulong,

kasi andiyan na e, babalik at babalik sila sa dati nilang mga trabaho kung wala silang alam na iba.

Wala silang alam na ibang choice, bottomline niyan ay Economics. Pag wala kang makain,

maghahanap ka doon sa pinakaalam mo talaga which is yung dati nating lugar.

R: Tapos ang programs po yata e nakacenter lang po kung saan po yung barangay po, e ang

barangay po ay may kalayuan sa erya po, kaya ang nangyayari ay kunwari may mga medical na

programs po, nasa barangay lang po siya. Kumbaga po e sino ang malapit po doon sa barangay po

e sila lang po ang naaabutan po.

M: dapat tumakbo ka na lang dun e, ng Kapitan.

R: Yung kapitan po e ayaw po yata makipagusap sakin po yata e

M: Natakot sayo no? kasi baka marami kang itatanong

R: Ilang beses po akong bumalik dun po e tapos sinabi po may sakit daw po yung secretary daw

po. Pati yung secretary po ay di ko na po mainterbyu

M: Kahit sino na lang na konsehal dun, kasi magtatanong lang, baka naintimidate sayo. Taga-UP

ka e, hindi, intimidating kasi talaga pag UP, si Jhayber nga akala e pulis e dun sa urban poor

community baka itotokhang daw. O eto pala lisensya ko, irerenew ko na, isa itong urban planning

license, legit ah, legit ako.

CAS DSpace - University of the Philippines Manila

Documents

Transcript of CAS DSpace - University of the Philippines Manila