Calendar - 2020 - IAS Parliament

Origin of

ServiceCivil

HIS HIS VISION VISION LIVES LIVES ONON

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U P S C 2 0 2 0

The UPSC today is such a

prestigious, meritorious and awe -

inspiring institution that it is difficult

to imagine a time when it was not as

big and powerful as it is today. Not

many of us would believe the

humble origins of this impressive

institution and the many avatars it

took to reach its current stature.

It was started as the non-military

wing of the English East India

Company, it changed into the

administrative arm of the British

Empire, the so called Steel Frame.

To the Indian Government’s credit it

was not dismantled after

Independence, but has been

converted into a benign institution

dedicated to public service. Such

has been the evolution of this

mighty institution as it stands today.

Source: Google, Wikipedia and The Steel Frame: A History of the IAS, by Deepak Gupta.

CHENNAI ( ANNA NAGAR & ADYAR) | DELHI | BENGALURU | TRIVANDRUM |

TRICHY | SALEM | MADURAI | COIMBATORE | NAMAKKAL | TIRUVARUR

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2020

“An appointment to the civil service of the Company

will not be a matter of favour but a matter of right. He

who obtains such an appointment will owe it solely to

his own abilities and industry. It is undoubtedly

desirable that the civil servants of the Company should

have received the best, the most finished education

that the native country affords (the Report insisted

that the civil servants of the Company should have

taken the first degree in arts at Oxford or Cambridge

Universities).”


1st

New Year

15 th

Pongal

26 th

Republic Day

The East India Company, incorporated

by Queen Elizabeth by Letters Patent in

1600, is the institution where it all

started.

The Company was given some power to

raise and equip troops for defensive

purposes, under the Royal Charters and

Acts of Parliament.

Its service was thus categorised as

military and civil giving rise to the term

Civil Service.

As it changed from a trading company

to a colonial power, its employees were

transformed from traders into

administrators.

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Civilspedia - Youtube channel

UPSCJanuary

Origin of

ServiceCivil

CHENNAI ( ANNA NAGAR & ADYAR) | DELHI | BENGALURU | TRIVANDRUM | TRICHY | SALEM |

MADURAI | COIMBATORE | NAMAKKAL | TIRUVARUR

Lord Macaulay

Macaulay Committee Report

The initial attempt to train the civil servants

locally was done by Lord Wellesley. Within

the campus of the Fort William, he founded

Fort William College on 10 July 1800.

The employees of the Company started

their career at the lowest rung of the

ladder as a writer and worked their way

up through seniority or merit.

In 1714, it was decided that application

for writer was to be recommended by

any director of the Company. This

marked the beginning of the ‘system of

patronage’. Usually, writers were

appointed at the age of 16.

They had to sign covenants resulting in

the service becoming the Covenanted

Civil Service later referred to as The

Covenanted Civil Service of India in the

Charter Act of 1793, which remained the

official designation of the service for

over a century. Employees in

subordinate positions were

uncovenanted.

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2020February

Origin of

ServiceCivil

Covenanted

ServiceCivil

1714 1793to


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Anna Rajam Malhotra (17 July 1927 – 17

September 2018) was an Indian

Administrative Service officer. She was

the first woman in India to hold this

position. Malhotra belonged to the 1951

batch of the IAS.

The credit for the creation of the Civil

Service in the modern sense of the term

goes to Lord Warren Hastings and Lord

Cornwallis. After assuming office of the

Governor-General in 1774, Hastings laid

the foundation particularly on the

revenue side.

He introduced the principle that power

cannot be divorced from responsibility.

He re-organized the revenue

administration, remodelled the judicial

system and tried to free trade from its

abuses. He issued a proclamation

renaming the Supervisors as Collectors.

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2020March

Creation of

Service Modern Civil

1774

andCollectors


Origin of

ServiceCivil

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The Government of India celebrates April

21 every year as ‘Civil Services day’ as an

occasion for the civil servants to rededicate

themselves to the cause of citizens and

renew their commitments to public service

and excellence in work. On this day,

Sardar Vallabhai Patel addressed the first

batch of civil servants in Independent India

at Metcalfe House where he referred to civil

servants as the 'Steel Frame of India’.

The philosophy underlying the

collector’s position was first articulated

by Sir John Shore in 1782.

The collector was to be invested with

such duties and powers as were

exercised under the Mughals by the

Amulguzar (revenue collector), the

Faujdar (military officer) and the judicial

officers taken together.

Cornwallis, when he came in 1786, was

troubled by the the primacy given to

revenue functions had led to neglect of

other functions. In 1793, therefore, the

offices were separated with the

collector looking after revenues, and

the judge-cum-magistrate being in-

charge of the judicial functions and

having control of the police.

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Philosophy

Scollector�s underlying

1782 1793to

role & service

14 th

Tamil New year


Origin of

ServiceCivil

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Civil Servants for the East India Company

used to be nominated by the Directors of

the Company and thereafter trained at

Haileybury College in London and then

sent to India.

The recognition of the need for proper

training or grooming of civil servants led

to the setting up of a college in London

in 1806. It was shifted to a new complex

in Haileybury in 1809.

With an objective of providing a supply

of persons to discharge duties required

from the Civil Servants of the Company,

ICS officers were a product of this

college for the next 50 years. It was

closed in 1858 after competitive

examinations started.

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Grooming Civil Servants

1806 1858to

1st

May Day


Origin of

ServiceCivil

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25th

Ramzan



Satyendranath Tagore (1 June 1842 –

9 January 1923) was the first Indian to

join the Indian Civil Service. He was an

author, song composer, and linguist,

and made a significant contribution

towards the emancipation of women in

Indian society during the British Raj.

The Northcote-Trevelyan Committee

formed in 1853 submitted the

eponymous Northcote-Trevelyan Report

to Parliament in 1854, recommending

selection through open competition.

The transformational change happened

in 1855, with the first competitive

examination being held in London. For

the first time, civil servants were

selected on their own merit, not

through patronage.

The examinations were conducted by

the Civil Service Commissioners

appointed by Her Majesty in Council.

They became an independent

department, not controlled by a

minister.

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Patronage

Meritto

1853 1855to


Origin of

ServiceCivil

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K P Sivasankara Menon was the First

Foreign Secretary of India.

As the British rule expanded in the next

few years, the covenanted service

became the Civil Service and an All India

Service. The members of the Civil

Service came to be identified and

grouped by each of the three

presidencies – Bengal CS, Bombay CS,

and Madras CS.

Collectively, and officially, however, the

service was known as ‘the Covenanted

Civil Service of India’, to distinguish it

from the lower services.

The Civil Service Commission

recommended that it be named the

‘Imperial Civil Service of India’ but the

secretary of state, Lord Cross, ordered it

to be designated as ‘the Civil Service of

India’. It continues, however, to be

popularly known as the Indian Civil

Service with the initials ICS.

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Indian

ServiceCivil

1878


Origin of

ServiceCivil

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30 th

Bakrid



Islington Commission, 1912

A Royal Commission formed to

recommend reforms in the Public Service

of British India with Lord Islington as its

chairman. ... The commission examined

several important issues and made a

number of recommendations in regard to

the Higher Civil Services.

A statutory service was set up in 1879,

for which 15 per cent of the covenanted

posts and 10-20 per cent of the non-

covenanted posts were reserved and to

which eventually 69 appointments were

made.

In 1892, Naoroji won a London seat in

the House of Commons, and in 1893 he

got a Resolution passed in the British

Parliament in favour of simultaneous

examinations.

However, the long-expressed demand

for simultaneous examinations in India

was conceded only in 1922, starting first

at Allahabad.

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Simultaneous Examination

1879 1892to

15 th

Independence Day


Origin of

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22 nd

Ganesh chaturthiLord Islington



Maharaja Rana Udaybhanu Singh (12

February 1893 – 22 October 1954) was the

Jat ruler of Dholpur state of Rajasthan

from 1911-1949, after which the state

acceded to the Union of India.

Udaybhanu Singh succeeded his brother

Rana Ram Singh, who died without any

progeny in 1911, and received full rights

on 9th October 1913.

He constructed Dholpur House as his

residence in 1920.The UPSC shifted to this

building in 1952.

The Provincial Service was set up in

1892, based on the recommendations of

the Aitchison Commission, sub-dividing

the existing uncovenanted service.

However, this process was abolished in

1904 by Lord Curzon, who argued that

graduation tested the intellectual

attainments of candidates, but

‘nomination’ would ensure ‘right’

selection of candidates who had ‘other

qualifications’ considered more suitable

for British rule. Competitive

examinations were restored only in

1922.

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Provincial

ServiceCivil

1892 1922to


Origin of

ServiceCivil

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Lee Commission also recommended that

the percentage of British and Indian

officers should be 40 per cent of each and

20 per cent from the provincial services.

Worried about falling British

recruitment in the ICS, Lee Commission

was set up in 1924 to suggest measures

related to the services, including pay

and allowances.

After the First World War, inflation in

India and the substantial decline in the

value of the Rupee etc., had reduced the

real incomes of British ICS officers.

Therefore, the Report recommended

considerable raise in emoluments and

improved service conditions.

The Commission also recommended

that the percentage of British and

Indian officers should be 40 per cent of

each and 20 per cent from the provincial

services.

By 1 January 1940, there were 625

Indians as against 575 Europeans. The

Indians were finally in a majority.

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Indianisation

Service of Civil

1924 1940to

2nd

Gandhi Jayanthi


Origin of

ServiceCivil

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25 th

26 th

Ayudha Pooja

Vijayadasami /

Saraswathi Pooja

Viscount Arthur Lee of Fareham



Sir Ross Barker was the first Chairman of

the UPSC, who joined in October, 1926

and held the post till August, 1932.

The first Public Service Commission was

set up in 1926 and it conducted exams

on behalf of the British Civil Service

Commission.

This became the Federal Public Service

Commission through the Act of 1935.

After Independence, the Constituent

Assembly saw the need for giving a

secure and autonomous status to the

PSC. It was accorded constitutional

status as an autonomous entity under

Article 315 of the Constitution and given

the title of Union Public Service

Commission, which discharges its

functions under Articles 320 and 321.

Its autonomy and independence were

considered to be fundamental

requirements to ensure merit-based

recruitment to the civil services.

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Transition of ICS to IAS

1926 1949to


Origin of

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14 th

Diwali



Dholpur House was constructed in the

1920s in the Art Deco style. The walls on

the exterior are painted in white.The

Union Public Service Commission moved

to this building in 1952 and is housed

here till now.

The first comprehensive review of the

scheme of examinations was done by

the Kothari Committee which submitted

its report in 1976. It recommended that

there be a preliminary examination

based on objective type of tests with

two papers for the preliminary

examination – one on general studies

and one on optional subject.

The Alagh Committee, emphasizing the

importance of general ability,

recommended replacement of the

general studies paper by an aptitude

test.

The Khanna Committee combined all

these arguments in 2010,

recommending that the optional paper

be replaced by Civil Services Aptitude

Test (CSAT).

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Indian 1979 presentto

Administrative Service

� PostIndependence

25 th

Christmas


Origin of

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