Business and Human Rights in Occupied Territory - OHCHR
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Guidance for Upholding Human Rights Business and Human Rights in Occupied Territory AL-HAQ
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Transcript of Business and Human Rights in Occupied Territory - OHCHR
Guidance for Upholding Human Rights
Business and Human Rights in Occupied Territory
A L - H A Q
Author
Mar
ya F
arah
ISBN
97
8-9
95
0-3
27
-56
-6
Design
Ham
za D
ado
Publisher
Al-
Ha
q -
© A
ll R
igh
ts R
eser
ved
e
auth
or
wou
ld
like
to
ex
pres
s gr
eat
appr
ecia
tion
an
d th
anks
to:
Mar
k B
. Ta
ylor
; D
r.
Val
enti
na
Aza
rova
; B
rad
Bro
oks-
Rub
in;
Pro
fess
or S
han
e D
arcy
; an
d D
r. S
usa
n P
ower
.
eir
advi
ce,
com
men
ts,
and
supp
ort
duri
ng
the
dra#
ing
proc
ess
wer
e in
valu
able
to
th
e de
velo
pmen
t of
th
e re
port
.
e
auth
or w
ould
als
o li
ke t
o th
ank
Nic
ole
Van
der
Meu
len
, D
r. G
earó
id Ó
Cu
inn
, A
mol
M
erha
, M
aha
Abd
alla
h, a
nd
the
Hea
rtla
nd
Init
iati
ve f
or t
heir
ass
ista
nce
an
d su
ppor
t.
Any
err
ors
are
thos
e of
the
au
thor
alo
ne.
AC
KN
OW
LE
DG
EM
EN
TS
Ob
serv
ato
ri D
ES
C,
NO
VA
CT
an
d S
UD
S
AL-H
AQ
Exec
utiv
e Su
mm
ary
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.... 6
I. In
trod
uctio
n ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 8
II. Fr
amew
ork
of O
ccup
atio
n ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 11
A. L
egal
Fra
mew
ork
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
....
11
B. T
he U
NGPs
& th
e Ad
min
istr
atio
n of
Occ
upat
ion
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 16
C. S
anct
ions
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.. 19
III.
Sect
or a
nd C
ase
Stud
ies
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.... 2
0
A. C
rimea
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
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......
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......
......
......
......
......
21
B. W
este
rn S
ahar
a ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.... 3
1
C. O
ccup
ied
Pale
stin
ian
Terr
itory
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..... 4
1
D. C
ompa
nies
with
Ope
ratio
ns in
Mul
tiple
Con
text
s of
Occ
upat
ion
......
... 52
IV. B
usin
ess
Resp
ect f
or H
uman
Rig
hts
& S
ituat
ions
of O
ccup
atio
n ...
......
. 58
A. E
nhan
ced
Due
Dilig
ence
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
..... 5
8
B. R
isks
to B
usin
esse
s ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
... 6
9
V. R
ole
of S
tate
s ...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.... 7
6
VI. C
oncl
usio
n an
d Re
com
men
datio
ns ..
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
. 81
TA
BL
E O
F C
ON
TE
NT
S
Guid
ance
for
Uph
oldi
ng H
uman
Rig
hts
Busi
ness
and
Hum
an R
ight
s in
Occ
upie
d Te
rrit
ory
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
76
bro
ad
ly h
igh
lig
hte
d a
n a
bse
nce
of
en
ha
nce
d h
um
an
rig
hts
du
e d
ilig
en
ce
. T
his
hu
ma
n r
igh
ts i
mp
acts
, th
e c
ase
stu
die
s in
clu
de
d i
n t
his
re
po
rt h
igh
lig
ht
the
le
ga
l,
an
d p
ote
nti
al
imp
acts
on
th
e p
rote
cte
d p
op
ula
tio
n i
n t
he
occu
pie
d t
err
ito
ry.
alo
ng
sid
e t
he
pre
va
len
ce
of
un
law
full
y a
dm
inis
tere
d a
nd
pro
lon
ge
d s
itu
ati
on
s
of
occu
pa
tio
n,
bu
sin
ess
es
ma
y b
e u
na
ble
to
m
itig
ate
a
dv
ers
e h
um
an
ri
gh
ts
imp
acts
in
a s
pe
cif
ic s
ett
ing
.
EX
EC
UT
IVE
SU
MM
AR
Y
en
terp
rise
s a
re a
lso
en
cou
rag
ed
to
su
pp
ort
bu
sin
ess
es
in t
he
ir r
esp
on
sib
ilit
y t
o
of
occu
pa
tio
n i
n p
art
icu
lar
co
nti
nu
e t
o b
e m
et
wit
h i
nco
nsi
ste
nt
ap
pro
ach
es
alr
ea
dy
ch
all
en
gin
g l
eg
al
an
d a
dm
inis
tra
tiv
e e
nv
iro
nm
en
t p
rese
nt
in o
ccu
pie
d
terr
ito
rie
s,
wh
ere
b
usi
ne
sse
s m
ust
n
ot
on
ly
co
nsi
de
r in
tern
ati
on
al
hu
ma
n
to t
his
ass
ess
me
nt
is t
he
ma
nn
er
in w
hic
h a
n o
ccu
py
ing
po
we
r a
dm
inis
ters
the
o
ccu
pie
d te
rrit
ory
, w
he
re IH
L re
gu
late
s th
e o
ccu
py
ing
p
ow
er’
s u
se a
nd
at
the
pe
rma
ne
nt
rete
nti
on
of
the
occu
pie
d t
err
ito
ry,
inclu
din
g t
he
tra
nsf
er
of
po
pu
lati
on
s, a
mo
ng
st o
the
r p
rin
cip
les.
Acco
rdin
gly
, b
usi
ne
sse
s m
ust
be
ab
le t
o a
sse
ss a
nd
acco
un
t fo
r h
ow
th
ey
ca
use
,
bu
sin
ess
es
of
the
occu
py
ing
Sta
te a
s w
ell
as
fore
ign
co
mp
an
ies
in s
uch
te
rrit
ori
es
Sta
tes.
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
98
Pu
rpo
se
of
the
Re
po
rt
terr
ito
rie
s, h
ow
su
ch
a
cti
vit
ies
ma
y co
ntr
ibu
te to
h
um
an
ri
gh
ts a
bu
ses
an
d
the
ir d
ue
dil
ige
nce
pro
ce
sse
s to
mit
iga
te a
nd
pre
ve
nt
such
ab
use
s. A
cco
rdin
gly
,
Th
e c
ase
stu
die
s id
en
tify
ce
rta
in a
cti
vit
ies
of
bu
sin
ess
se
cto
rs r
ep
rese
nta
tiv
e
to d
raw
att
en
tio
n t
o p
ote
nti
al
an
d a
ctu
al
ad
ve
rse
hu
ma
n r
igh
ts i
mp
acts
. T
he
co
nce
rne
d c
om
pa
nie
s.3 F
urt
he
r co
nsu
lta
tio
ns
wit
h l
aw
ye
rs,
leg
al
aca
de
mic
s,
fie
lds
we
re a
lso
he
ld.
3 C
om
pan
ies
that
wer
e th
e p
rim
ary
focu
s o
f th
e ca
se s
tud
ies
rece
ived
no
tifi
cati
on
, an
d w
ere
pro
vid
ed w
ith
an
op
po
rtu
nit
y to
res
po
nd
.
INT
RO
DU
CT
ION
ou
tlin
e S
tate
du
tie
s to
pro
tec
t a
ga
inst
hu
ma
n r
igh
ts a
bu
ses
by
th
ird
pa
rtie
s,
inc
lud
ing
b
usi
ne
sse
s,
the
b
usi
ne
ss
resp
on
sib
ilit
y
to
resp
ec
t h
um
an
ri
gh
ts,
an
d t
he
rig
ht
of
ind
ivid
ua
ls t
o a
cc
ess
to
re
me
dy.
Fo
llo
win
g t
he
ir u
na
nim
ou
s
mu
ltil
ate
ral in
stit
uti
on
s, a
nd
bu
sin
ess
es
ha
ve
de
mo
nst
rate
d t
he
ir c
om
mit
me
nt
laid
ou
t w
ith
in t
he
m.
as
by
ho
me
Sta
tes,
le
ad
ing
to
pe
rsis
ten
t a
dve
rse
im
pa
cts
. T
his
ma
y b
e d
ue
to
th
e
2
do
ing
so
, b
usi
ne
sse
s m
ust
no
t o
nly
ass
ess
th
e n
atu
re o
f th
e a
dve
rse
im
pa
cts
the
y t
he
mse
lve
s m
ay
dir
ectl
y c
au
se o
r co
ntr
ibu
te t
o,
bu
t a
lso
eva
lua
te h
ow
th
ey
1 G
uid
ing
Pri
nci
ple
s o
n B
usi
nes
s an
d H
um
an R
igh
ts:
Imp
lem
enti
ng
the
Un
ited
Nat
ion
s “P
rote
ct,
Res
pec
t an
d
Rem
edy”
Fra
mew
ork
, Pri
nci
ple
12
Co
mm
enta
ry, U
.N. D
oc.
A/H
RC
/17/
31 (
Mar
. 21,
201
1) [
her
ein
a#er
U.N
. Gu
idin
g
Pri
nci
ple
s].
2 W
ork
ing
Gro
up
on
th
e Is
sue
of
Hu
man
Rig
hts
an
d T
ran
snat
ion
al C
orp
ora
tio
ns
and
oth
er B
usi
nes
s E
nte
rpri
ses,
Stat
emen
t on
the
impl
icat
ion
s of
the
Gu
idin
g P
rin
cipl
es o
n B
usi
nes
s an
d H
um
an R
igh
ts in
the
con
text
of I
srae
li s
ettl
emen
ts
in t
he
Occ
upi
ed P
ales
tin
ian
Ter
rito
ry, (
Jun
e 6,
201
4), 9
[h
erei
na#
er W
ork
ing
Gro
up
Sta
tem
ent]
.
I
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
11
10
to e
nsu
re r
esp
ect
for
hu
ma
n r
igh
ts.
In d
oin
g s
o,
the
re
po
rt a
ims
to h
igh
lig
ht
the
4
ho
me
Sta
tes
in e
nsu
rin
g b
usi
ne
ss r
esp
ect
for
hu
ma
n r
igh
ts w
ill
be
co
nsi
de
red
.
no
ne
the
less
be
de
rive
d a
s to
ho
w h
om
e S
tate
s a
nd
bu
sin
ess
es
can
me
et
the
ir
4 U
.N. G
uid
ing
Pri
nci
ple
s, s
up
ra n
ote
1, p
rin
cip
le 1
8 (c
om
men
tary
).
FR
AM
EW
OR
K O
F O
CC
UP
AT
ION
5
oth
er
or
go
ve
rnm
en
t fo
rce
s. 6
occu
py
ing
po
we
r.
A. L
egal
Fra
mew
ork
mil
ita
ry f
orc
es
of
a f
ore
ign
Sta
te.7
A t
err
ito
ry i
s co
nsi
de
red
occu
pie
d e
ve
n i
f th
e
5 A
s n
ote
d i
n t
he
com
men
tary
to
Pri
nci
ple
17
of
the
U.N
. G
uid
ing
Pri
nci
ple
s, t
his
may
in
clu
de
“no
n-l
egal
an
d
lega
l m
ean
ings
.” P
rin
cip
le 2
of
the
Glo
bal
Co
mp
act
no
tes
com
pli
city
wh
ere
lega
l li
abil
ity
is i
ncu
rred
, o
r in
cas
es
of
‘ben
efici
al’
or
‘sil
ent’
co
mp
lici
ty.
See
Glo
bal
Co
mp
act,
"e
Ten
Pri
nci
ples
of
the
Glo
bal
Com
pact
, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.
un
glo
bal
com
pac
t.o
rg/w
hat
-is-
gc/m
issi
on
/pri
nci
ple
s.
6 N
on
-in
tern
atio
nal
arm
ed c
on
flic
ts a
re m
ore
pre
vale
nt
than
inte
rnat
ion
al a
rmed
co
nfl
icts
to
day
. See
: In
tern
atio
nal
Co
mm
itte
e fo
r th
e R
ed C
ross
(IC
RC
), N
on
-in
tern
atio
nal
arm
ed c
on
flic
t, h
ttp
s://
case
bo
ok
.icr
c.o
rg/g
loss
ary/
no
n-
inte
rnat
ion
al-a
rmed
-co
nfl
ict.
7 H
agu
e C
on
ven
tio
n (
IV)
Res
pec
tin
g th
e L
aws
and
Cu
sto
ms
of W
ar o
n L
and
an
d It
s A
nn
ex: R
egu
lati
on
s C
on
cern
ing
the
Law
s an
d C
ust
om
s o
f W
ar o
n L
and
, Oct
. 18,
190
7, a
rt. 4
2, [
her
ein
a#er
Hag
ue
Reg
ula
tio
ns]
.
II
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
13
12
8 D
uri
ng
th
e p
eri
od
of
9
10 w
ho
are
th
e
inco
rpo
rate
d in
to th
e te
rrit
ory
o
f th
e o
ccu
py
ing
p
ow
er.
Acc
ord
ing
ly,
rig
hts
an
d g
ua
ran
tee
s u
nd
er
IHL.
8 I
CR
C, O
ccu
pat
ion
an
d i
nte
rnat
ion
al h
um
anit
aria
n l
aw: q
ues
tio
ns
and
an
swer
s, A
ug.
4, 2
004,
ava
ilab
le a
t h
ttp
s://
ww
w.i
crc.
org
/en
g/re
sou
rces
/do
cum
ents
/mis
c/63
4kfc
.htm
.
9 L
egal
Co
nse
qu
ence
s o
f th
e C
on
stru
ctio
n o
f a
Wal
l in
th
e O
ccu
pie
d P
ales
tin
ian
Ter
rito
ry, A
dvi
sory
Op
inio
n, 2
004,
I.C
.J. ¶
¶ 1
06-1
13, (
July
9).
10
“P
rote
cted
per
son
s” u
nd
er t
he
Fo
urt
h G
enev
a C
on
ven
tio
n i
ncl
ud
e ci
vili
ans
of
the
loca
l p
op
ula
tio
n w
ho
“fi
nd
them
selv
es…
in t
he
han
ds
of
a P
arty
to
th
e co
nfl
ict
or
Occ
up
yin
g P
ow
er o
f w
hic
h t
hey
are
no
t n
atio
nal
s.” S
ee
Co
nve
nti
on
(IV
) R
elat
ive
to t
he
Pro
tect
ion
of
Civ
ilia
n P
erso
ns
in T
imes
of
War
, G
enev
a, a
rt.
4, A
ug.
12,
194
9, 7
5
UN
TS
287
[her
ein
a#er
GC
IV].
11
Co
mm
enta
ry o
f 19
58, G
enev
a C
on
ven
tio
n R
elat
ive
to t
he
Pro
tect
ion
of
Civ
ilia
n P
erso
ns
in T
imes
of
War
(P
icte
t
ed. 1
958)
, art
. 47
[her
ein
a#er
Pic
tet
Co
mm
enta
ry I
V].
It s
ho
uld
be
no
ted
th
at t
he
UN
Dec
lara
tio
n o
n t
he
Gra
nti
ng
of
Ind
epen
den
ce t
o C
olo
nia
l Co
un
trie
s an
d P
eop
les
also
pro
vid
es f
or
the
pro
tect
ion
of
the
terr
ito
rial
in
tegr
ity
of
No
n-S
elf
Go
vern
ing
Ter
rito
ries
. G.A
. Res
. 151
4 (X
V),
par
a.
5 (D
ec. 1
4, 1
960)
.
12
U.N
. Ch
arte
r, a
rt. 2
, par
a. 4
.
13
GC
IV, s
upr
a n
ote
10,
art
. 47.
Th
e R
igh
t to
Se
lf-D
ete
rmin
ati
on
to p
rom
ote
.
wh
ich
re
ma
ins
terr
ito
rie
s.
law
s in
fo
rce
in
th
e o
ccu
pie
d t
err
ito
ry m
ay
on
ly b
e s
usp
en
de
d o
r ch
an
ge
d b
y t
he
a t
hre
at
to i
ts s
ecu
rity
, o
r p
reve
nt
it f
rom
pro
vid
ing
fo
r th
e m
inim
um
gu
ara
nte
es
14
Inte
rnat
ion
al C
ove
nan
t o
n C
ivil
an
d P
oli
tica
l R
igh
ts,
Mar
ch 2
3, 1
976,
2 U
.S.T
. 99
9, 3
0 U
.N.T
.S.
23 [
her
ein
a#er
ICC
PR
]; I
nte
rnat
ion
al C
ove
nan
t o
n E
con
om
ic,
So
cial
an
d C
ult
ura
l R
igh
ts,
Jan
. 3,
197
6, 9
93 U
.N.T
.S.
3 [h
erei
na#
er
ICE
SCR
].
15
G.A
. Res
. 180
3 (X
VII
), ¶
1, (
Dec
. 14,
196
2).
16
See
: G.A
. Res
. 50/
33, p
ara.
1, U
.N. D
oc.
A/R
ES/
50/3
3 (F
eb. 9
, 199
6); G
.A. R
es. 3
7/13
5, p
ara.
2, U
.N. D
oc.
A/
RE
S/37
/135
(D
ec. 1
7, 1
982)
.
17
Hag
ue
Reg
ula
tio
ns,
su
pra
no
te 7
, art
. 43;
GC
IV, s
upr
a n
ote
10,
art
. 47.
18
Id
. Hag
ue
Reg
ula
tio
ns
at a
rt. 4
3 an
d G
CIV
at
art.
64.
See
als
o: O
ccu
pat
ion
an
d I
nte
rnat
ion
al H
um
anit
aria
n L
aw:
Qu
esti
on
s an
d A
nsw
ers,
In
tern
atio
nal
Co
mm
itte
e o
f th
e R
ed C
ross
, Au
g. 4
, 200
8, a
vail
able
at
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.icr
c.o
rg/
eng/
reso
urc
es/d
ocu
men
ts/m
isc/
634k
fc.h
tm
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
15
14
terr
ito
ry,
an
d o
the
r p
oli
cie
s a
ime
d a
t tr
an
sfo
rmin
g t
he
occu
pie
d t
err
ito
ry w
hic
h
Th
e
Acco
rdin
gly
, th
ird
Sta
tes
are
pro
hib
ite
d
a
nd
p
roh
ibit
s th
e
tra
nsf
er
of
the
o
ccu
py
ing
p
ow
er’
s
the
occu
pie
d t
err
ito
ry.
19
S
ee
the
sect
ion
o
n
“tra
nsf
orm
ativ
e o
ccu
pat
ion”
in
:
Exp
ert
Mee
tin
g,
Occ
up
atio
n
and
O
ther
F
orm
s o
f
Ad
min
istr
atio
n o
f F
ore
ign
Ter
rito
ry, I
CR
C, M
arch
201
2, p
.67-
72, h
ttp
s://
sho
p.i
crc.
org
/occ
up
atio
n-a
nd
-oth
er-f
orm
s-
of-
adm
inis
trat
ion
-of-
fore
ign
-ter
rito
ry-e
xper
t-m
eeti
ng.
htm
l?_
__
sto
re=
def
ault
[h
erei
na#
er E
xper
t M
eeti
ng]
.
Se
e a
lso
:
21
Res
po
nsi
bil
ity
of
Stat
es f
or
Inte
rnat
ion
ally
Wro
ngf
ul
Act
s, I
nte
rnat
ion
al L
aw C
om
mis
sio
n, 2
001,
Art
icle
41
and
Co
mm
enta
ry.
Se
esu
pra
Id.
Pro
pe
rty
& N
atu
ral R
es
ou
rce
s in
Oc
cu
pie
d T
err
ito
ry
Fu
rth
er,
th
e o
ccu
py
ing
po
we
r is
“u
sufr
uct
ua
ry o
r a
dm
inis
tra
tor
of
the
na
tura
l
reso
urc
es
in t
he
occu
pie
d t
err
ito
ry.
Acco
rdin
gly
:
in a
ma
nn
er
tha
t e
nsu
res
tha
t th
e c
ap
ita
l o
f su
ch
pro
pe
rty
is
safe
gu
ard
ed
the
occu
py
ing
po
we
r is
pro
hib
ite
d.
24
Un
der
th
e ru
les
of
usu
fru
ct,
the
occ
up
yin
g p
ow
er h
as a
lim
ited
rig
ht
to u
se i
mm
ove
able
pu
bli
c p
rop
erty
an
d
mu
st s
afeg
uar
d t
he
cap
ital
fo
r th
e p
rote
cted
po
pu
lati
on
. H
agu
e R
egu
lati
on
s, s
upr
a n
ote
7,
art.
55.
See
als
o: R
ule
51.
Pu
bli
c an
d P
riva
te P
rop
erty
in O
ccu
pie
d T
erri
tory
. IC
RC
Dat
abas
e o
f C
ust
om
ary
IHL
, htt
ps:
//ih
l-d
atab
ases
.icr
c.o
rg/
cust
om
ary-
ihl/
eng/
do
cs/v
1_ru
l_ru
le51
.
25
Im
mo
veab
le p
ub
lic
pro
per
ty i
s su
bje
ct t
o t
he
rule
s o
f u
sufr
uct
, an
d c
an o
nly
be
seiz
ed o
r d
estr
oye
d i
f re
qu
ired
by
imp
erat
ive
mil
itar
y n
eces
sity
. I
d.
at R
ule
51.
Pu
bli
c an
d P
riva
te P
rop
erty
in
Occ
up
ied
Ter
rito
ry.
ICR
C D
atab
ase
of
Cu
sto
mar
y IH
L, I
CR
C.
26
Fir
st r
epo
rt o
n p
rote
ctio
n o
f th
e en
viro
nm
ent
in r
elat
ion
to
arm
ed c
on
flic
ts b
y M
arja
Leh
to, S
pec
ial R
app
ort
eur,
30 A
pri
l 201
8, A
/CN
.4/7
20, p
aras
. 31-
32, h
ttp
://d
igit
alli
bra
ry.u
n.o
rg/r
eco
rd/1
6265
41/fi
les/
A_
CN
-4_
720-
EN
.pd
f.
27
&is
is
nar
row
ly i
nte
rpre
ted
to
in
clu
de
the
hu
man
itar
ian
nee
ds
of
the
pro
tect
ed p
op
ula
tio
n.
Co
rpo
rate
War
Cri
mes
: Pro
secu
tin
g th
e P
illa
ge o
f N
atu
ral R
eso
urc
es, J
ames
G. S
tew
ard
, Op
en S
oci
ety
Fo
un
dat
ion
s, 2
011,
par
a. 9
7.
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
17
16
28
29
30 o
r h
eld
lia
ble
un
de
r civ
il l
aw
.31 T
he
cla
im
32
B. T
he U
NG
Ps a
nd th
e Ad
min
istr
atio
n of
Occ
upat
ion
33
34
wit
h d
e f
act
o
35 A
n o
ccu
py
ing
po
we
r th
us
acts
as
bo
th h
om
e a
nd
ho
st S
tate
occu
pie
d t
err
ito
ry.
28
U.N
. Gu
idin
g P
rin
cip
les,
su
pra
no
te 1
, pri
nci
ple
s 7
(co
mm
enta
ry),
23
(co
mm
enta
ry).
29
U.N
. Gu
idin
g P
rin
cip
les,
su
pra
no
te 1
, pri
nci
ple
23
(co
mm
enta
ry).
30
See
: A
nit
a R
amas
astr
y an
d R
ob
erty
C.
&o
mp
son
, C
om
mer
ce,
Cri
me
and
Co
nfl
ict,
Leg
al R
emed
ies
for
Pri
vate
Sec
tor
Lia
bil
ity
for
Gra
ve B
reac
hes
of
Inte
rnat
ion
al L
aw,
A S
urv
ey o
f Si
xtee
n C
ou
ntr
ies,
Exe
cuti
ve S
um
mar
y, 2
006,
p. 2
7 “&
e su
rvey
of
sixt
een
nat
ion
al le
gal s
yste
ms
con
firm
s th
e vi
ew t
hat
it is
po
ssib
le t
o h
old
bu
sin
ess
enti
ties
liab
le
for
the
com
mis
sio
n o
f in
tern
atio
nal
cri
mes
.
31
R
ed
Fla
gs,
Lia
bil
ity
Ris
ks
for
Co
mp
anie
s O
per
atin
g in
H
igh
-Ris
k
Zo
nes
, h
ttp
://w
ww
.red
flag
s.in
fo/i
nd
ex.
ph
p?p
age_
id=
14&
styl
e_id
=0.
32
Bu
sin
ess
and
hu
man
rig
hts
: m
app
ing
inte
rnat
ion
al s
tan
dar
ds
of
resp
on
sib
ilit
y an
d a
cco
un
tab
ilit
y fo
r co
rpo
rate
acts
, R
epo
rt o
f th
e Sp
ecia
l R
epre
sen
tati
ve o
f th
e S
ecre
tary
-Gen
eral
on
th
e is
sue
of
hu
man
rig
hts
an
d t
ran
snat
ion
al
corp
ora
tio
ns,
an
d o
ther
bu
sin
ess
ente
rpri
ses,
Jo
hn
Ru
ggie
, A/H
RC
/4/3
5, p
ara.
27.
33
U.N
. Gu
idin
g P
rin
cip
les,
su
pra
no
te 1
, pri
nci
ple
s 7,
23
(co
mm
enta
ry).
34
Wo
rkin
g G
rou
p S
tate
men
t, s
upr
a n
ote
2.
35
Wo
rkin
g G
rou
p S
tate
men
t, s
upr
a n
ote
2, a
t fo
otn
ote
21.
36
37
“in
terp
rete
d i
n a
wa
y t
ha
t is
co
nsi
ste
nt
wit
h t
he
rig
ht
to d
eve
lop
me
nt,
re
ga
rdle
ss
38
39
In
36
&e
elim
inat
ion
of t
he
stat
e o
f occ
up
atio
n is
nec
essa
ry to
full
y ac
hie
vin
g th
e ri
ght t
o d
evel
op
men
t. Se
e: D
ecla
rati
on
on
th
e R
igh
t to
Dev
elo
pm
ent,
G.A
. Res
. 41/
128,
Art
icle
1 &
5, U
.N. D
oc.
A/R
ES/
41/1
28, (
Dec
. 4, 1
986)
.
37
Rep
ort
of
the
Spec
ial
Rap
po
rteu
r o
n t
he
situ
atio
n o
f h
um
an r
igh
ts i
n t
he
Pal
esti
nia
n t
erri
tori
es o
ccu
pie
d s
ince
1967
, 23
Oct
ob
er 2
017,
U.N
. Do
c. A
/72/
4310
6, p
aras
. 35-
37.
38
In
sit
uat
ion
s o
f o
ccu
pat
ion
, in
tern
atio
nal
hu
man
rig
hts
law
an
d i
nte
rnat
ion
al h
um
anit
aria
n l
aw s
ho
uld
“b
e
inte
rpre
ted
in
a w
ay t
hat
is
con
sist
ent
wit
h t
he
righ
t to
dev
elo
pm
ent,
reg
ard
less
of
the
len
gth
of
occ
up
atio
n.”
Rep
ort
of
the
Spec
ial R
app
ort
eur
on
th
e si
tuat
ion
of
hu
man
righ
ts i
n t
he
Pal
esti
nia
n t
erri
tori
es o
ccu
pie
d s
ince
196
7, 1
9 O
cto
ber
201
6, A
/71/
554,
p
ara.
39,
ava
ilab
le a
t h
ttp
s://
ww
w.o
hch
r.o
rg/D
ocu
men
ts/C
ou
ntr
ies/
PS/
A_
71_
554_
en.p
df
39
An
IC
RC
exp
ert
mee
tin
g em
ph
asiz
ed t
he
diff
eren
ce b
etw
een
pro
ject
s th
at e
nta
il t
he
dis
rup
tio
n o
f so
vere
ign
ty
and
th
ose
“ai
med
at
gett
ing
the
bas
ic i
nfr
astr
uct
ure
of
the
occ
up
ied
so
ciet
y to
wo
rk.”
Exp
ert
Mee
tin
g, s
upr
a n
ote
19,
at 6
8.
40
U.N
. Gu
idin
g P
rin
cip
les,
su
pra
no
te 1
, pri
nci
ple
7 (
com
men
tary
); W
ork
ing
Gro
up
Sta
tem
ent,
su
pra
no
te 2
, at
4.
41
Art
icle
48
of
the
Hag
ue
Reg
ula
tio
ns
req
uir
es t
hat
an
occ
up
yin
g p
ow
er u
se “
taxe
s, d
ues
, an
d t
oll
s” t
o “
def
ray
the
exp
ense
s o
f th
e ad
min
istr
atio
n o
f th
e o
ccu
pie
d t
erri
tory
to
th
e sa
me
exte
nt
as t
he
legi
tim
ate
Go
vern
men
t w
as s
o
bo
un
d.”
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
19
18
oth
er
issu
es.
de
pri
vin
g t
he
m o
f th
e a
bil
ity
to
pro
du
ce
an
d t
hu
s fo
rcin
g t
he
m t
o c
on
sum
e
43
tha
t b
usi
ne
sse
s in
ev
ita
bly
fe
ed
in
to.
A b
usi
ne
ss m
ust
th
ere
fore
be
aw
are
of
ho
w t
he
y m
ay
ca
use
, co
ntr
ibu
te,
or
be
44
So
me
iss
ue
s fo
r b
usi
ne
sse
s to
co
nsi
de
r in
clu
de
:
45
42
See
fo
r ex
amp
le:
Sec
tio
n o
n “
tran
sfo
rmat
ive
occ
up
atio
n” i
n:
Exp
ert
Mee
tin
g, O
ccu
pat
ion
an
d O
ther
Fo
rms
of
Ad
min
istr
atio
n
of
Fo
reig
n
Ter
rito
ry,
ICR
C,
Mar
ch
2012
, p
.67-
72,
htt
ps:
//sh
op
.icr
c.o
rg/o
ccu
pat
ion
-an
d-
oth
er-f
orm
s-o
f-ad
min
istr
atio
n-o
f-fo
reig
n-t
erri
tory
-exp
ert-
mee
tin
g.h
tml?
__
_st
ore
=d
efau
lt;
&
e P
ales
tin
ian
eco
no
my
: M
acro
eco
no
mic
an
d t
rad
e p
oli
cym
akin
g u
nd
er o
ccu
pat
ion
, U
NC
TA
D,
2012
, h
ttp
s://
un
ctad
.org
/en
/
Pu
bli
cati
on
sLib
rary
/gd
sap
p20
11d
1_en
.pd
f.
43
Acc
ord
ing
to U
NC
TA
D, a
cts
and
mea
sure
s ta
ken
by
the
Occ
up
yin
g P
ow
er i
ncl
ud
e th
e ap
pro
pri
atio
n o
f “a
sset
s,
nat
ura
l res
ou
rces
an
d e
con
om
ic b
enefi
ts t
hat
rig
htf
ull
y b
elo
ng
to t
he
colo
niz
ed p
eop
le.”
Rep
ort
of
the
Co
mm
itte
e o
n
the
Exe
rcis
e o
f th
e In
alie
nab
le R
igh
ts o
f th
e P
ales
tin
ian
Peo
ple
, An
nex
, Eco
no
mic
co
sts
of
the
Isra
eli
occ
up
atio
n f
or
the
Pal
esti
nia
n p
eop
le, p
ara.
6, A
/70/
35, h
ttp
s://
un
do
cs.o
rg/A
/70/
35.
44
U.N
. Gu
idin
g P
rin
cip
les,
su
pra
no
te 1
, pri
nci
ple
13
and
co
mm
enta
ry.
45
See
: Hei
del
ber
g C
emen
t’s r
esp
on
se t
o H
um
an R
igh
ts W
atch
reg
ard
ing
the
pro
visi
on
of
fees
to
Isr
aeli
au
tho
riti
es
use
d “
for
the
ben
efit
of
the
resi
den
ts o
f A
rea
C.”
Isr
aeli
set
tlem
ents
are
no
tab
ly l
oca
ted
in
Are
a C
, w
her
e th
e Is
rael
i
sett
ler
po
pu
lati
on
is
larg
er t
han
th
e P
ales
tin
ian
po
pu
lati
on
. An
nex
VII
I: L
ette
r fr
om
Hei
del
ber
g C
emen
t to
Hu
man
Rig
hts
Wat
ch,
Occ
up
atio
n,
Inc.
, H
ow
Set
tlem
ent
Bu
sin
esse
s C
on
trib
ute
to
Isr
ael’s
Vio
lati
on
s o
f P
ales
tin
ian
Rig
hts
,
Hu
man
Rig
hts
Wat
ch,
19 J
anu
ary
2016
, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.h
rw.o
rg/r
epo
rt/2
016/
01/1
9/o
ccu
pat
ion
-in
c/h
ow
-set
tlem
ent-
bu
sin
esse
s-co
ntr
ibu
te-i
srae
ls-v
iola
tio
ns-
pal
esti
nia
n [
her
ein
a#er
Occ
up
atio
n, I
nc.
].
Use
of
na
tura
l re
sou
rce
s w
ith
in t
he
occu
pie
d t
err
ito
ry,
inclu
din
g l
an
d a
nd
46
C. S
anct
ions
the
E
uro
pe
an
U
nio
n,
the
U
nit
ed
S
tate
s,
Jap
an
, A
ust
rali
a,
an
d
oth
er
Sta
tes
un
law
ful
acti
vit
ies
in C
rim
ea
.
46
Co
mm
on
Art
icle
1, I
CC
PR
& I
CE
SCR
; See
fo
r ex
amp
le: C
on
clu
din
g o
bse
rvat
ion
s o
n t
he
fou
rth
per
iod
ic r
epo
rt
of
Isra
el, C
om
mit
tee
on
Eco
no
mic
, So
cial
an
d C
ult
ura
l Rig
hts
, 12
No
vem
ber
201
9, E
/C.1
2/IS
R/C
O/4
, par
as. 1
4-15
.
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
21
20
SE
CT
OR
AN
D C
AS
E S
TU
DIE
S
47
Wit
h t
he
se v
ary
ing
in
tere
sts
at
pla
y, b
usi
ne
sse
s m
ust
ca
refu
lly
co
nsi
de
r th
eir
48
47
Exp
ert
Mee
tin
g, s
upr
a n
ote
19,
at
68.
48
See
for
exam
ple:
Po
wer
ing
the
Plu
nd
er, W
este
rn S
ahar
a R
eso
urc
e W
atch
, No
vem
ber
201
6; F
inan
cin
g L
and
Gra
b:
&e
Dir
ect I
nvo
lvem
ent o
f Isr
aeli
Ban
ks
in t
he
Isra
eli S
ettl
emen
t En
terp
rise
, Wh
o P
rofi
ts, F
ebru
ary
2017
; Occ
up
atio
n,
Inc.
, su
pra
no
te 4
5.
A. C
rim
ea
Wit
hin
53
of
Cri
me
a.5
4
55
49
A
rtic
le
133
&
Ch
apte
r X
o
f th
e C
on
stit
uti
on
o
f U
kra
ine,
A
do
pte
d
at
the
Fi#
h
Ses
sio
n
of
the
Ver
kh
ovn
a R
ada
of
Uk
rain
e o
n
28
Jun
e 19
96,
htt
p:/
/ww
w.u
nes
co.o
rg/e
du
cati
on
/ed
uri
ghts
/med
ia/d
ocs
/
ef20
59fd
231d
be5
0ecf
78e0
0ea5
22f6
6b4a
4c5e
c.p
df.
50
Uk
rain
ian
MP
s vo
te t
o o
ust
Pre
sid
ent
Yan
uk
ovy
ch,
BB
C N
ews,
22
Feb
ruar
y 20
14,
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.bb
c.co
m/n
ews/
wo
rld
-eu
rop
e-26
3048
42.
51
Id
. See
als
o Si
tuat
ion
of
hu
man
rig
hts
in
th
e te
mp
ora
rily
occ
up
ied
Au
ton
om
ou
s R
epu
bli
c o
f C
rim
ea a
nd
th
e ci
ty
of S
evas
top
ol (
Uk
rain
e), H
um
an R
igh
ts C
ou
nci
l, 25
Sep
tem
ber
201
7, A
/HR
C/3
6/C
RP.
3, p
ara.
3 [
her
ein
a#er
Sit
uat
ion
in C
rim
ea, 2
5 S
epte
mb
er 2
017]
.
52
See
sta
tem
ent
by
Yu
riy
Ser
geye
v, P
erm
anen
t R
epre
sen
tati
ve o
f U
kra
ine
to t
he
Un
ited
Nat
ion
s, U
nit
ed N
atio
ns
Hu
man
Rig
hts
Mo
nit
ori
ng
Mis
sio
n D
eplo
yed
to
Cri
mea
am
id C
risi
s b
etw
een
Ru
ssia
n F
eder
atio
n, U
kra
ine,
Sec
uri
ty
Co
un
cil T
old
, Un
ited
Nat
ion
s, 1
9 M
arch
201
4, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.u
n.o
rg/p
ress
/en
/201
4/sc
1132
8.d
oc.
htm
53
Pre
ss r
elea
se:
Reg
ard
ing
the
refe
ren
du
m i
n C
rim
ea A
uto
no
mo
us
Rep
ub
lic
sch
edu
led
fo
r M
arch
16,
201
4,
Min
istr
y o
f F
ore
ign
Aff
airs
of
Uk
rain
e, h
ttp
s://
mfa
.go
v.u
a/en
/new
s-fe
eds/
fore
ign
-offi
ces-
new
s/19
433-
pre
s-re
liz
54
Bac
kin
g U
kra
ine’
s te
rrit
ori
al i
nte
grit
y, U
N A
ssem
bly
dec
lare
s C
rim
ea r
efer
end
um
in
vali
d, U
N N
ews,
27
Mar
ch
2014
, h
ttp
s://
new
s.u
n.o
rg/e
n/s
tory
/201
4/03
/464
812-
bac
kin
g-u
kra
ines
-ter
rito
rial
-in
tegr
ity-
un
-ass
emb
ly-d
ecla
res-
crim
ea-r
efer
end
um
.
55
Sit
uat
ion
in
Cri
mea
, 25
Sep
tem
ber
201
7, s
upr
a n
ote
51,
par
a. 5
.
III
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
23
22
57
an
d a
sse
ts,
58
As
a r
esu
lt o
f th
e
56
An
In
tro
du
ctio
n t
o t
he
Co
nst
itu
tio
n o
f th
e A
uto
no
mo
us
Rep
ub
lic
of
Cri
mea
, Oxf
ord
Co
nst
itu
tio
nal
Law
, htt
p:/
/
oxc
on
.ou
pla
w.c
om
/pag
e/cr
imea
-co
nst
itu
tio
n/a
n-i
ntr
od
uct
ion
-to
-th
e-co
nst
itu
tio
n-o
f-th
e-au
ton
om
ou
s-re
pu
bli
c-o
f-
crim
ea
57
Co
mm
ent
by
Fo
reig
n M
inis
try
Spo
kes
per
son
Mar
ia Z
akh
aro
va o
n t
he
occ
asio
n o
f th
e th
ree-
year
an
niv
ersa
ry o
f
Cri
mea
’s u
nifi
cati
on
wit
h R
uss
ia, &
e M
inis
try
of
Fo
reig
n A
ffai
rs o
f th
e R
uss
ian
Fed
erat
ion
, 16
Mar
ch 2
017.
58
“In
Ju
ly 2
014,
th
e C
rim
ean
par
liam
ent
ado
pte
d a
reg
ion
al l
aw o
n t
akeo
vers
of
stra
tegi
c fa
cili
ties
in
Cri
mea
, th
us
effec
tive
ly le
gali
zin
g fo
rced
exp
rop
riat
ion
.” I
mit
atin
g C
hav
ez: A
Yea
r o
f N
atio
nal
izat
ion
in C
rim
ea, C
arn
egie
Mo
sco
w
Cen
ter,
19
Mar
ch 2
015,
htt
ps:
//ca
rneg
ie.r
u/c
om
men
tary
/594
21.
59
Law
est
abli
shin
g a
free
eco
no
mic
zo
ne
in C
rim
ea a
nd
Sev
asto
po
l, P
resi
den
t o
f R
uss
ia, 1
Dec
emb
er 2
014,
htt
p:/
/
en.k
rem
lin
.ru
/eve
nts
/pre
sid
ent/
new
s/47
116;
In
vest
men
t P
ort
al o
f th
e R
epu
bli
c o
f C
rim
ea,
htt
ps:
//in
vest
-in
-cri
mea
.
ru/e
n/h
om
epag
e#p
1.
60
Sit
uat
ion
in
Cri
mea
, 25
Sep
tem
ber
201
7, s
upr
a n
ote
51,
par
a. 1
6
61
On
goin
g T
erri
tori
al C
hal
len
ges
in C
rim
ea C
ases
: Pu
ttin
g E
vere
st v
. Ru
ssia
in
Co
nte
xt, K
luw
er A
rbit
rati
on
Blo
g,
5 N
ove
mb
er
2018
, h
ttp
://a
rbit
rati
on
blo
g.k
luw
erar
bit
rati
on
.co
m/2
018/
11/0
5/te
rrit
ori
al-c
hal
len
ges-
exp
ecte
d-i
n-
crim
ea-c
ases
-pu
ttin
g-ev
eres
t-v-
russ
ia-i
n-c
on
text
/; U
kra
ine’
s N
a#o
gaz
See
ks
$5.2
Bil
lio
n I
n D
amag
es F
rom
Ru
ssia
Ove
r S
eize
d C
rim
ea A
sset
s, 1
Au
gust
201
9, R
adio
Fre
e E
uro
pe,
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.rfe
rl.o
rg/a
/uk
rain
e-s-
na#
oga
z-se
eks-
5-
2-b
illi
on
-in
-dam
ages
-fro
m-r
uss
ia-o
ver-
seiz
ed-c
rim
ea-a
sset
s/30
0863
74.h
tml.
Hu
ma
n R
igh
ts S
itu
ati
on
62
Uk
rain
e: E
scal
atin
g P
ress
ure
on
Cri
mea
n T
atar
s, H
um
an R
igh
ts W
atch
, 2
Ap
ril
2019
, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.h
rw.o
rg/
new
s/20
19/0
4/02
/uk
rain
e-es
cala
tin
g-p
ress
ure
-cri
mea
n-t
atar
s; S
itu
atio
n i
n C
rim
ea,
25 S
epte
mb
er 2
017,
su
pra
no
te
51, p
aras
. 15,
90-
92.
63
Id
. at
‘Sit
uat
ion
in
Cri
mea
’ at
par
as. 6
9 &
105
.
64
Id
. at
par
as. 6
& 6
2.
65
Id
. at
par
a. 6
8-69
.
66
Rep
ort
on
th
e si
tuat
ion
of
hu
man
rig
hts
in
th
e te
mp
ora
rily
occ
up
ied
Au
ton
om
ou
s R
epu
bli
c o
f C
rim
ea a
nd
th
e
city
of
Sev
asto
po
l, U
kra
ine
13 S
epte
mb
er 2
017
to 3
0 Ju
ne
2018
, Offi
ce o
f th
e H
igh
Co
mm
issi
on
er f
or
Hu
man
Rig
hts
,
par
a. 1
0, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.o
hch
r.o
rg/D
ocu
men
ts/C
ou
ntr
ies/
UA
/Cri
mea
&em
atic
Rep
ort
10S
ept2
018_
EN
.pd
f.
67
Id
. at
par
a. 7
9.
68
Pre
lim
inar
y ex
amin
atio
n U
kra
ine,
In
tern
atio
nal
Cri
min
al C
ou
rt, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.i
cc-c
pi.
int/
uk
rain
e
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
25
24
i. E
ner
gy
73
74
Siem
ens
69
Sit
uat
ion
in
Cri
mea
, 25
Sep
tem
ber
201
7, s
upr
a n
ote
51,
par
a. 2
17.
70
Id
. at
par
as. 2
18-2
19.
71
Exp
lain
er: W
hy
Uk
rain
e Su
pp
lies
Ele
ctri
city
To
Cri
mea
, An
d W
hy
It S
top
ped
, Rad
io F
ree
Eu
rop
e /
Rad
io L
iber
ty,
24 N
ove
mb
er 2
015,
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.rfe
rl.o
rg/a
/uk
rain
e-cr
imea
-po
wer
-su
pp
ly-e
lect
rici
ty-e
xpla
iner
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8481
2.h
tml.
72
Cri
mea
to e
nd
ele
ctri
city
su
pp
lies
fro
m U
kra
ine,
RT
New
s, 3
1 M
arch
201
6, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.r
t.co
m/b
usi
nes
s/33
7891
-
crim
ea-r
uss
ia-e
ner
gy-
uk
rain
e/.
73
Sit
uat
ion
in
Cri
mea
, 25
Sep
tem
ber
201
7, s
upr
a n
ote
51,
par
a. 2
17.
74
Jo
int
Staff
Wo
rkin
g D
ocu
men
t, I
nfo
rmat
ion
No
te t
o E
U b
usi
nes
s o
n o
per
atin
g an
d/o
r in
vest
ing
in C
rim
ea/
Sev
asto
po
l, E
uro
pea
n C
om
mis
sio
n,
Jun
e 10
, 20
15,
p.3
, h
ttp
://d
ata.
con
sili
um
.eu
rop
a.eu
/do
c/d
ocu
men
t/ST
-120
78-
2014
-RE
V-2
/en
/pd
f.
an
d g
as,
an
d m
ob
ilit
y.7
5
Th
e p
rov
isio
n o
f tu
rbin
es
by
Sie
me
ns
to a
Ru
ssia
n p
art
ne
r fo
llo
win
g C
rim
ea
’s
77
78
de
tail
s o
f th
e im
min
en
t su
pp
ly o
f tu
rbin
es
to C
rim
ea
by
Sie
me
ns
tha
t u
sed
a “
ne
w
Sie
me
ns
imm
ed
iate
ly d
en
ied
th
e
T
he
sta
tem
en
t d
id n
ot,
ho
we
ve
r, r
efe
ren
ce
75
An
nu
al R
epo
rt 2
017,
Sie
men
s, p
.2.
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.sie
men
s.co
m/i
nve
sto
r/p
oo
l/en
/in
vest
or_
rela
tio
ns/
Siem
ens_
AR
2017
.pd
f.
76
Ou
r h
isto
ry i
n R
uss
ia, S
iem
ens,
ava
ilab
le a
t h
ttp
s://
ww
w.s
iem
ens.
com
/glo
bal
/en
/ho
me/
com
pan
y/ab
ou
t/h
isto
ry/
cou
ntr
ies/
russ
ia.h
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77
Sie
men
s A
nn
ual
Rep
ort
201
7, S
iem
ens,
p.8
7.
78
Id
. No
te t
hat
OO
O d
eno
tes
a li
mit
ed li
abil
ity
com
pan
y an
d O
AO
is
a jo
int
sto
ck c
om
pan
y.
79
Sie
men
s: V
illa
in o
r vi
ctim
in
Cri
mea
n t
urb
ines
sca
nd
al?
Kyi
v P
ost
, 29
Sep
tem
ber
201
7, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.k
yivp
ost
.
com
/bu
sin
ess/
siem
ens-
vill
ain
-vic
tim
-cri
mea
n-t
urb
ines
-sca
nd
al.h
tml
80
Offi
cial
sta
tem
ent
rega
rdin
g m
edia
all
egat
ion
s o
f a
bre
ach
by
Siem
ens
of
san
ctio
ns
agai
nst
Ru
ssia
, Sie
men
s, 1
Ju
ly
2015
, htt
p:/
/sie
.ag/
1GN
96C
e.
81
Ger
man
y Q
ues
tio
ns
Siem
ens
on
Eq
uip
men
t th
at M
ade
it t
o C
rim
ea,
Fo
x N
ews,
13
July
201
7, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.
foxb
usi
nes
s.co
m/f
eatu
res/
germ
any-
qu
esti
on
s-si
emen
s-o
n-e
qu
ipm
ent-
that
-mad
e-it
-to
-cri
mea
.
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
27
26
de
live
red
to
Ta
ma
n.
en
de
d u
p i
n C
rim
ea
,83
84 S
iem
en
s u
nd
ers
core
d t
ha
t
85
Ho
we
ve
r,
asi
de
fr
om
th
ese
con
tra
ct
pro
vis
ion
s, i
t is
un
cle
ar
as
to w
he
the
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con
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ive
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sure
s in
re
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un
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Sie
me
n’s
CE
O l
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To
uri
sm
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a,
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ve
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se
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y s
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he
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mb
er
of
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sts
ha
s a
lso
de
cre
ase
d
“to
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sm s
erv
ice
s in
Cri
me
a o
r S
ev
ast
op
ol,
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har
e. S
iem
ens
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Tu
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A
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s-u
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d C
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isis
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mea
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ssia
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n-
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Ru
ssia
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up
rem
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ou
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ism
isse
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emen
s su
bsi
dia
ry’s
app
eal i
n t
urb
ines
cas
e,
Ru
ssia
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Sie
men
s to
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uss
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nve
stm
ent
des
pit
e C
rim
ea s
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W,
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ebru
ary
2019
, h
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s-to
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e-ru
ssia
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Un
pro
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nn
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egal
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ar/
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ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
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Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
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ny
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no
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d
to
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me
a,
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din
g
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cco
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od
ati
on
s.
att
em
pte
d t
o b
ols
ter
the
se
cto
r, i
nclu
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g b
y p
rov
idin
g d
isco
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ted
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ay
s fo
r
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ye
es
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om
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nie
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Pro
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erta
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Tra
nsa
ctio
ns
wit
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esp
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he
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mea
Reg
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Exp
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tin
g C
rim
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l b
oo
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ther
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Mar
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le a
t h
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ssia
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itch
to
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rim
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s fo
r P
atri
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ew Y
ork
Tim
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ugu
st 2
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ww
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wo
rld
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rop
e/ru
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-to
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ner
s-cr
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for-
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ts.h
tml
100
Fai
lin
g to
up
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ld t
hes
e la
ws
cou
ld l
ead
to
leg
al c
on
seq
uen
ces
and
a b
an o
n e
ntr
y in
to U
kra
ine.
Ru
les
on
en
try
into
an
d e
xit
fro
m C
rim
ea,
Em
bas
sy o
f U
kra
ine
to t
he
Un
ited
Kin
gdo
m o
f G
reat
Bri
tain
an
d N
ort
her
n I
rela
nd
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Au
gust
201
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a/en
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ss-c
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ents
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2-ru
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on
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Fo
ur
year
s a#
er R
uss
ia a
nn
exed
Cri
mea
, th
e p
enin
sula
rem
ain
s in
lim
bo,
28
Jan
uar
y 20
19,
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st A
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les
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usi
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rack
do
wn
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os
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17,
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Hag
ue
cou
rt r
ule
s R
uss
ia m
ust
co
mp
ensa
te U
kra
inia
n i
nve
sto
rs $
159
mn
fo
r C
rim
ea lo
sses
, Eu
rom
aid
en P
ress
,
10 M
ay 2
018,
htt
p:/
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rom
aid
anp
ress
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m/2
018/
05/1
0/fi
rst-
ever
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lin
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oss
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uss
ia-
mu
st-p
ay-u
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inia
n-c
om
pan
ies-
us1
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ln/
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ou
t- F
acts
hee
t, B
oo
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g H
old
ings
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ww
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old
ings
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ut/
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t/
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ito
rie
s in
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ich
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pe
rate
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Ne
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rla
nd
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pri
va
te a
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rop
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ela
ted
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sm a
nd
tra
ve
l.
com
.
105
&e
com
pan
y p
rovi
des
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per
ties
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s in
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nd
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Uk
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a-ca
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ata-
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try-
crim
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elo
ngs
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Guid
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for U
phol
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Hum
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sines
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ts in
Occu
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ve
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6
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S an
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7
116
Em
ail
com
mu
nic
atio
n f
rom
Pet
er L
och
bih
ler,
Dir
ecto
r o
f P
ub
lic
Aff
airs
, B
oo
kin
g.co
m I
nte
rnat
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al B
.V.,
11
Mar
ch 2
019.
B. W
este
rn S
ahar
a
Th
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N
We
ste
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ah
ara
, n
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co
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oll
ing
85
pe
rce
nt
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the
te
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, a
nd
pla
ce
d it
un
de
r
117
See
UN
Ch
arte
r, C
hap
ter
XI,
Art
icle
73.
&
e U
nit
ed N
atio
ns
and
Dec
olo
niz
atio
n,
No
n-S
elf-
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, htt
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118
&
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072
(XX
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tio
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ni
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h S
ahar
a, 1
6 D
ecem
ber
196
5,
par
a. 2
.
119
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pin
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cto
ber
197
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este
rn S
ahar
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ps:
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120
Kee
pin
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Sec
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Un
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ion
s O
per
atio
n i
n t
he
Wes
tern
Sah
ara,
Hu
man
Rig
hts
Wat
ch, O
cto
ber
199
5,
htt
ps:
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ww
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121
Wes
tern
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edo
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n t
he
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rld
201
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reed
om
Ho
use
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ttp
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122
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last
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UN
res
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198
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11
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198
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197
9, p
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5,
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UN
Ch
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Reg
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Mo
rocc
o ‘m
isu
nd
erst
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ing’
ove
r W
este
rn S
ahar
a re
mar
k, R
eute
rs, 2
8 M
arch
201
6, h
ttp
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om
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Leg
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Co
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f In
tern
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lleg
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ny
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er S
tate
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rou
p o
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ates
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ny
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nti
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on
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atu
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or
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tern
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ara,
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l an
d D
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tora
te f
or
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al A
ffai
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f th
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an U
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EU
an
d M
oro
cco
is v
alid
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wat
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, C
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f Ju
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126
&e
EU
, M
oro
cco,
an
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just
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rop
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0
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e 20
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ps:
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127
Sta
tem
ent
by
Mo
rocc
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acifi
c R
egio
nal
Sem
inar
on
th
e im
ple
men
tati
on
of
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on
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al D
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r
the
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ori
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ttp
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en/d
eco
lon
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oro
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pd
f.
128
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edo
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rld
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129
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ps:
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rnin
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este
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a, U
nit
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cil,
10 A
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69.
131
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man
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hts
Wat
ch,
htt
ps:
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ww
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edo
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th
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tern
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ara,
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edo
m in
th
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, Fre
edo
m H
ou
se, h
ttp
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rg/r
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situ
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on
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tern
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ara,
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75
134
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serv
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on
th
e si
xth
per
iod
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epo
rt o
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oro
cco,
Hu
man
Rig
hts
Co
mm
itte
e, 1
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emb
er
2016
, CC
PR
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ara.
9, h
ttp
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nd
ocs
.org
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PR
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AR
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135
Wes
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ara,
Fre
edo
m i
n t
he
Wo
rld
201
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use
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35
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rogr
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ou
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ro
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o: I
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0000
4088
, p.3
-4.
138
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w t
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EU
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rns
a b
lin
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ade
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tern
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ara,
Wes
tern
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ara
Res
ou
rce
Wat
ch (
WSR
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18
Jun
e 20
12, p
.13.
139
Co
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ict
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mat
oes
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012,
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ps:
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140
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cto
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201
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ttp
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t th
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itch
th
eir
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pp
lie
rs,
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ile
an
oth
er
said
th
at
the
co
nsu
me
rs
142
&e
Gro
up
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ra, h
ttp
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nce
200
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ltu
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on
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t, A
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epte
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ps:
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nes
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Pro
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150
&e
Agr
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nst
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the
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o p
oli
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on
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al, s
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edit
erra
nea
n P
artn
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eigh
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urs
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nte
nt/
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oro
cco
-ass
oci
atio
n-a
gree
men
t;
&e
acti
on
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ugh
t o
n 1
9 N
ove
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012.
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nt
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U: C
ou
nci
l Dec
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n o
f 2
Dec
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on
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he
form
of
an
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rs b
etw
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th
e E
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pea
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e K
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ur
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e la
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Fro
nt
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It
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ve
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ss h
eld
th
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ste
rn S
ah
ara
did
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t co
me
wit
hin
th
e s
cop
e o
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e
Th
e E
U
Th
e
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ha
ra,
wh
ich
cla
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en
era
l su
pp
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r th
e a
gre
em
en
t a
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Jud
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ith
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e K
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Guid
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Hum
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Occu
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AL-H
AQ
39
38
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secto
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li
ce
nse
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We
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ah
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th
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cu
rre
ntl
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s g
lob
all
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We
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Wes
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Bo
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Hu
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In
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st r
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Sah
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i p
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sph
ate
wo
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s d
eman
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Ba
lla
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i-N
utr
ien
ts (
Ba
lla
nce
)
an
d h
ave
iss
ue
d s
tate
me
nts
in
de
fen
se o
f th
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sou
rcin
g o
f p
ho
sph
ate
fro
m W
est
ern
Sa
ha
ra.
ag
ain
st p
illa
ge
.
Th
e s
hip
wa
s ca
rry
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ph
osp
ha
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ap
pro
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d
ph
osp
ha
te
reso
urc
es
tha
t b
elo
ng
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th
e
pe
op
le
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ste
rn
Sa
ha
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t M
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e b
ut
Tra
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is G
etti
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fo
r M
oro
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Mai
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t co
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e ac
tio
ns
of
two
far
mer
-ow
ned
co
-op
erat
ives
on
th
e o
ther
sid
e o
f th
e w
orl
d w
ill
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year
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far
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led
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res
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Hum
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On
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Sa
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e c
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nt
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im
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com
/art
icle
/afr
icaT
ech
/id
AF
KB
N1G
V1F
S-O
ZA
TP
.
183
Sta
lled
NZ
ph
osp
hat
e sh
ipm
ent
sets
sai
l a#
er a
yea
r, R
NZ
, 10
May
201
8, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.r
adio
nz.
co.n
z/n
ews/
nat
ion
al/3
5705
4/st
alle
d-n
z-p
ho
sph
ate-
ship
men
t-se
ts-s
ail-
a#er
-a-y
ear.
184
Bal
lan
ce w
elco
mes
res
olu
tio
n o
f ca
rgo
dis
pu
te, B
alan
ce, 1
0 M
ay 2
018,
htt
ps:
//b
alla
nce
.co.
nz/
New
s/N
ewsP
age/
Bal
lan
ce-w
elco
mes
-res
olu
tio
n-o
f-ca
rgo
-dis
pu
te.
185
Id
.
186
OC
P G
rou
p d
isp
ute
s th
e d
ecis
ion
of
the
So
uth
Afr
ican
co
urt
to
hea
r th
e ca
se o
n i
ts m
erit
s, O
CP,
15
Jun
e 20
18,
htt
p:/
/ph
osp
hat
esh
ipp
ingt
ruth
.co
m/w
p-c
on
ten
t/u
plo
ads/
2017
/07/
Jun
e-15
-Sta
tem
ent.
pd
f.
187
Pan
ama
cou
rt d
ism
isse
s W
este
rn S
ahar
a p
ho
sph
ate
clai
m: M
oro
cco’
s O
CP,
Reu
ters
, 8 J
un
e 20
17, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.
reu
ters
.co
m/a
rtic
le/u
s-w
este
rnsa
har
a-m
oro
cco
-pan
ama/
pan
ama-
cou
rt-d
ism
isse
s-w
este
rn-s
ahar
a-p
ho
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ate-
clai
m-m
oro
cco
s-o
cp-i
dU
SKB
N18
Z2S
C;
A#
er P
anam
a, U
rugu
ay d
ism
isse
s P
oli
sari
o’s
com
pla
int
abo
ut
Mo
rocc
an
Ph
osp
hat
es,
No
rth
A
fric
a P
ost
, 6
Au
gust
20
17,
htt
p:/
/no
rth
afri
cap
ost
.co
m/1
9193
-pan
ama-
uru
guay
-dis
mis
ses-
po
lisa
rio
s-co
mp
lain
t-m
oro
ccan
-ph
osp
hat
es.h
tml.
C. O
ccup
ied
Pale
stin
ian
Terr
itor
y
Fo
llo
win
g t
he
Osl
o A
cco
rds,
th
e W
est
188
Wh
ile
this
rep
ort
fo
cuse
s o
n I
srae
l’s o
ccu
pat
ion
of
the
OP
T,
the
con
text
of
the
occ
up
ied
Syr
ian
Go
lan
rai
ses
sim
ilar
co
nce
rns
for
bu
sin
esse
s o
per
atin
g th
erei
n.
189
Isr
ael d
isen
gage
d f
rom
its
sett
lem
ents
in
th
e G
aza
Stri
p i
n 2
005.
190
On
e R
ule
, Tw
o L
egal
Sys
tem
s: I
srae
l’s R
egim
e o
f L
aws
in t
he
Wes
t B
ank
, Ass
oci
atio
n f
or
Civ
il R
igh
ts i
n I
srae
l, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.a
cri.
org
.il/
en/w
p-c
on
ten
t/u
plo
ads/
2015
/02/
Tw
o-S
yste
ms-
of-
Law
-En
glis
h-F
INA
L.p
df;
S
epar
ate
and
U
neq
ual
, Is
rael
’s D
iscr
imin
ato
ry T
reat
men
t o
f P
ales
tin
ian
s in
th
e O
ccu
pie
d P
ales
tin
ian
Ter
rito
ries
, H
um
an R
igh
ts
Wat
ch, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.h
rw.o
rg/s
ites
/def
ault
/file
s/re
po
rts/
iop
t121
0web
wco
ver_
0.p
df.
191
“F
or
all
pra
ctic
al p
urp
ose
s, s
ince
Sep
tem
ber
200
0, A
rea
B h
as f
un
ctio
nal
ly c
ease
d t
o e
xist
an
d h
as b
een
un
der
full
Isr
aeli
co
ntr
ol.”
Pal
esti
nia
n M
ove
men
t R
estr
icti
on
s H
igh
ligh
t Is
rael
i Ap
arth
eid
, Neg
oti
atio
n A
ffai
rs D
epar
tmen
t,
Stat
e o
f P
ales
tin
e,
avai
lab
le
at
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.nad
.ps/
en/p
ub
lica
tio
n-r
eso
urc
es/f
acts
hee
ts/p
ales
tin
ian
-mo
vem
ent-
rest
rict
ion
s-h
igh
ligh
t-is
rael
i-ap
arth
eid
.
192
Set
tlem
ents
, B’T
sele
m, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.b
tsel
em.o
rg/t
op
ic/s
ettl
emen
ts.
193
Dat
abas
e o
f al
l b
usi
nes
s en
terp
rise
s in
volv
ed i
n t
he
acti
viti
es d
etai
led
in
par
agra
ph
96
of
the
rep
ort
of
the
ind
epen
den
t in
tern
atio
nal
fac
t-fi
nd
ing
mis
sio
n t
o i
nve
stig
ate
the
imp
lica
tio
ns
of
the
Isra
eli
sett
lem
ents
on
th
e
civi
l, p
oli
tica
l, ec
on
om
ic,
soci
al a
nd
cu
ltu
ral
righ
ts o
f th
e P
ales
tin
ian
peo
ple
th
rou
gho
ut
the
Occ
up
ied
Pal
esti
nia
n
Ter
rito
ry, i
ncl
ud
ing
Eas
t
Jeru
sale
m, 2
6 Ja
nu
ary
2018
, A/H
RC
/37/
39, p
aras
. 43-
45.
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
43
42
terr
ito
ry.
th
e U
N S
ecu
rity
Co
un
cil
alt
er
Isra
el’s
sta
tus
as
occu
py
ing
po
we
r.
Th
e U
N a
nd
mo
st S
tate
s m
ain
tain
th
e
194
Is
rael
i B
ank
s P
rofi
t F
rom
S
ettl
emen
ts,
Hu
man
R
igh
ts
Wat
ch,
28
May
20
18,
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.hrw
.org
/
new
s/20
18/0
5/28
/isr
aeli
-ban
ks-
pro
fit-
sett
lem
ents
, See
als
o, F
inan
cin
g L
and
Gra
b, &
e D
irec
t In
volv
emen
t o
f Is
rael
i
Ban
ks
in t
he
Isra
eli
Set
tlem
ent
En
terp
rise
, W
ho
Pro
fits
, F
ebru
ary
2017
, h
ttp
s://
wh
op
rofi
ts.o
rg/r
epo
rt/fi
nan
cin
g-
lan
d-g
rab
-th
e-d
irec
t-in
volv
emen
t-o
f-is
rael
i-b
ank
s-in
-th
e-is
rael
i-se
ttle
men
t-en
terp
rise
/.
195
See
for
exam
ple:
Co
mm
itte
e o
n t
he
Eli
min
atio
n o
f D
iscr
imin
atio
n a
gain
st W
om
en, C
on
clu
din
g o
bse
rvat
ion
s o
n
the
sixt
h p
erio
dic
rep
ort
of
Isra
el, 1
7 N
ove
mb
er 2
017,
CE
DA
W/C
/ISR
/CO
/6, p
ara.
14;
Isr
ael,
the
Co
nfl
ict
and
Pea
ce:
An
swer
s to
fre
qu
entl
y as
ked
qu
esti
on
s, I
srae
li M
inis
try
of
Fo
reig
n A
ffai
rs,
30 D
ecem
ber
200
9, h
ttp
s://
mfa
.go
v.il
/
MFA
/Fo
reig
nP
oli
cy/F
AQ
/Pag
es/F
AQ
_P
eace
_p
roce
ss_
wit
h_
Pal
esti
nia
ns_
Dec
_20
09.a
spx#
Set
tlem
ents
1
196
Leg
al C
on
seq
uen
ces,
su
pra
no
te 1
0, ¶
¶ 9
0-11
3.
197
See
for
exa
mpl
e: U
NSC
Res
olu
tio
n 2
334
(201
6),
UN
SC R
eso
luti
on
478
(19
80),
an
d U
NG
A R
eso
luti
on
58/
292
(200
4).
198
&e
Inte
rnat
ion
al C
om
mit
tee
of
the
Red
Cro
ss (
ICR
C)
has
affi
rmed
th
e d
e ju
re a
pp
lica
bil
ity
of
the
Fo
urt
h
Gen
eva
Co
nve
nti
on
. S
ee A
nn
ex 2
, D
ecem
ber
200
1, p
ara.
2,
avai
lab
le a
t: h
ttp
s://
ww
w.i
crc.
org
/en
g/re
sou
rces
/
do
cum
ents
/art
icle
/oth
er/5
fld
pj.h
tm.
199
“F
ull
co
ntr
ol
ove
r th
e w
ho
le t
erri
tory
, or
par
t o
f th
e te
rrit
ory
, of
the
occ
up
ied
Sta
te i
s n
ot
req
uir
ed a
t al
l ti
mes
pro
vid
ed t
hat
th
e o
ccu
pyi
ng
Stat
e h
as e
stab
lish
ed i
ts a
uth
ori
ty a
nd
ret
ain
s th
e ca
pac
ity
to e
xerc
ise
such
au
tho
rity
.”
Fir
st r
epo
rt o
n p
rote
ctio
n o
f th
e en
viro
nm
ent
in r
elat
ion
to
arm
ed c
on
flic
ts b
y M
arja
Leh
to, S
pec
ial
Rap
po
rteu
r, 3
0
Ap
ril 2
018,
A/C
N.4
/720
, par
a. 2
2.
200
Isr
ael
clai
med
th
at t
he
Wal
l w
as b
uil
t to
ad
dre
ss s
ecu
rity
co
nce
rns,
wh
ile
the
form
er U
N e
xper
t o
n t
he
OP
T,
Joh
n D
uga
rd, c
alle
d it
an
“ac
t o
f te
rrit
ori
al a
nn
exat
ion
un
der
th
e gu
ise
of
secu
rity
.” U
N E
con
om
ic a
nd
So
cial
Co
un
cil,
‘Qu
esti
on
of
the
Vio
lati
on
of
Hu
man
Rig
hts
in
th
e O
ccu
pie
d A
rab
Ter
rito
ries
, in
clu
din
g P
ales
tin
e –
Rep
ort
of
the
Spec
ial
Rap
po
rteu
r o
f th
e C
om
mis
sio
n o
n H
um
an R
igh
ts,
Joh
n D
uga
rd,
on
th
e si
tuat
ion
of
hu
man
rig
hts
in
th
e
Pal
esti
nia
n t
erri
tori
es o
ccu
pie
d b
y Is
rael
sin
ce 1
967’
E/C
N.4
/200
4/6
(8 S
epte
mb
er 2
003)
, par
a. 6
.
inte
r
ali
a,
In
201
Dat
abas
e o
f al
l b
usi
nes
s en
terp
rise
s in
volv
ed i
n t
he
acti
viti
es d
etai
led
in
par
agra
ph
96
of
the
ind
epen
den
t
inte
rnat
ion
al f
act-
fin
din
g m
issi
on
to
in
vest
igat
e th
e im
pli
cati
on
s o
f th
e Is
rael
i se
ttle
men
ts o
n t
he
civi
l, p
oli
tica
l,
eco
no
mic
, so
cial
an
d c
ult
ura
l ri
ghts
of
the
Pal
esti
nia
n p
eop
le t
hro
ugh
ou
t th
e O
ccu
pie
d P
ales
tin
ian
Ter
rito
ry,
incl
ud
ing
Eas
t Je
rusa
lem
A/H
RC
/43/
71,
Ad
van
ced
U
ned
ited
V
ersi
on
, 12
F
ebru
ary
2020
h
ttp
s://
ww
w.o
hch
r.o
rg/E
N/H
RB
od
ies/
HR
C/
Reg
ula
rSes
sio
ns/
Ses
sio
n4
3/_
layo
uts
/15
/Wo
piF
ram
e.as
px
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urc
edo
c=/E
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od
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C/R
egu
larS
essi
on
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Ses
sio
n43
/Do
cum
ents
/A_
HR
C_
43_
71.d
ocx
&ac
tio
n=
def
ault
&D
efau
ltIt
emO
pen
=1.
Wh
ile
the
rele
ase
of
the
rep
ort
was
larg
ely
wel
com
ed b
y P
ales
tin
ian
an
d in
tern
atio
nal
civ
il s
oci
ety
acto
rs, i
ts li
mit
atio
ns
and
co
nte
nt,
incl
ud
ing
wel
l-
do
cum
ente
d b
ut
ove
rlo
ok
ed c
om
pan
ies
and
a n
arro
w t
ime
fram
e, w
ere
also
rai
sed
by
org
aniz
atio
ns.
202
Ref
erra
l b
y th
e St
ate
of
Pal
esti
ne
Pu
rsu
ant
to A
rtic
les
13(a
) an
d 1
4 o
f th
e R
om
e St
atu
te,
15 M
ay 2
018,
htt
ps:
//
ww
w.i
cc-c
pi.
int/
item
sDo
cum
ents
/201
8-05
-22_
ref-
pal
esti
ne.
pd
f.
No
tab
ly, i
n it
s 20
16 P
olic
y P
aper
on
Ca
se S
elec
tion
an
d P
rior
itis
atio
n, t
he
Offi
ce o
f th
e P
rose
cuto
r st
ated
th
at it
wo
uld
seek
to
co
op
erat
e an
d p
rovi
de
assi
stan
ce t
o S
tate
s in
reg
ard
s to
co
nd
uct
su
ch a
s th
e il
lega
l ex
plo
itat
ion
of
nat
ura
l
reso
urc
es a
nd
lan
d g
rab
bin
g, a
mo
ngs
t o
ther
ser
iou
s cr
imes
. S
ee P
oli
cy P
aper
on
Cas
e S
elec
tio
n a
nd
Pri
ori
tisa
tio
n,
Offi
ce o
f th
e P
rose
cuto
r, 1
5 S
epte
mb
er 2
016,
par
a. 7
, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.i
cc-c
pi.
int/
item
sDo
cum
ents
/201
6091
5_O
TP
-
Po
licy
_C
ase-
Sel
ecti
on
_E
ng.
pd
f.
203
Pal
esti
nia
n H
um
an R
igh
ts O
rgan
isat
ion
s Su
bm
it F
ile
to I
CC
Pro
secu
tor:
In
vest
igat
e an
d P
rose
cute
Pil
lage
,
Ap
pro
pri
atio
n a
nd
Des
tru
ctio
n o
f P
ales
tin
ian
Nat
ura
l R
eso
urc
es,
Al-
Haq
, 26
Oct
ob
er 2
018,
htt
p:/
/ww
w.a
lhaq
.org
/
advo
cacy
/tar
gets
/in
tern
atio
nal
-cri
min
al-c
ou
rt-i
cc/1
31
4-p
ales
tin
ian
-hu
man
-rig
hts
-org
anis
atio
ns-
sub
mit
-file
-to
-
icc-
pro
secu
tor-
inve
stig
ate-
and
-pro
secu
te-p
illa
ge-a
pp
rop
riat
ion
-an
d-d
estr
uct
ion
-of-
pal
esti
nia
n-n
atu
ral-
reso
urc
es.
204
Sta
tem
ent
of
ICC
Pro
secu
tor,
Fat
ou
Ben
sou
da,
on
th
e co
ncl
usi
on
of
the
pre
lim
inar
y ex
amin
atio
n o
f th
e
Situ
atio
n in
Pal
esti
ne,
an
d s
eek
ing
a ru
lin
g o
n t
he
sco
pe
of
the
Co
urt
’s t
erri
tori
al ju
risd
icti
on
, In
tern
atio
nal
Cri
min
al
Co
urt
, 20
Dec
emb
er 2
019,
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.icc
-cp
i.in
t/P
ages
/ite
m.a
spx?
nam
e=20
1912
20-o
tp-s
tate
men
t-p
ales
tin
e.
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
45
44
Hu
ma
n R
igh
ts S
itu
ati
on
Th
ese
an
d
i. A
gric
ult
ure
205
Fre
edo
m o
f Mo
vem
ent,
Hu
man
Rig
hts
Sit
uat
ion
in th
e O
ccu
pie
d P
ales
tin
ian
Ter
rito
ry, i
ncl
ud
ing
Eas
t Jer
usa
lem
,
Rep
ort
of
the
Sec
reta
ry-G
ener
al t
o t
he
Un
ited
Nat
ion
s H
um
an R
igh
ts C
ou
nci
l, F
ebru
ary
2016
, p
.2,
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.
oh
chr.
org
/Do
cum
ents
/Co
un
trie
s/P
S/SG
_R
epo
rt_
Fo
M_
Feb
2016
.pd
f.
206
Isr
aeli
set
tlem
ents
in
th
e O
ccu
pie
d P
ales
tin
ian
Ter
rito
ry,
incl
ud
ing
Eas
t Je
rusa
lem
, an
d t
he
occ
up
ied
Syr
ian
Go
lan
, Rep
ort
of
the
Sec
reta
ry-G
ener
al, 1
6 M
arch
201
7, A
/HR
C/3
4/39
, par
as 1
1, 1
8-20
, 47-
49.
207
Hu
man
itar
ian
Fac
t Sh
eet
on
th
e Jo
rdan
Val
ley
and
Dea
d S
ea A
rea,
Feb
ruar
y 20
12,
UN
OC
HA
, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.
och
aop
t.o
rg/s
ites
/def
ault
/file
s/o
cha_
op
t_jo
rdan
_va
lley
_fa
ctSh
eet_
feb
ruar
y_20
12_
engl
ish
.pd
f.
208
It
sho
uld
be
no
ted
th
at i
n o
ther
are
as o
f th
e W
est
Ban
k, I
srae
li s
ettl
emen
ts a
lso
gro
w “
vin
eyar
ds,
oli
ves
gro
ves,
and
dec
idu
ou
s fr
uit
orc
har
ds.”
See
: Isr
aeli
Set
tler
s’ A
gric
ult
ure
as
a M
ean
s o
f L
and
Tak
eove
r in
th
e W
est
Ban
k, K
erem
Nav
ot,
p.7
, htt
p:/
/do
cs.w
ixst
atic
.co
m/u
gd/c
db
1a7_
370b
b4f
21ce
b47
adb
3ac7
556c
02b
8972
.pd
f.
209
Nab
oth
’s V
iney
ard
, Mai
n F
ind
ings
, Ker
em N
avo
t, O
cto
ber
201
3, h
ttp
://w
ww
.ker
emn
avo
t.o
rg/n
abo
ths-
vin
eyar
d.
the
ag
ricu
ltu
ral
secto
r.
Th
is i
nclu
de
s: t
he
de
nia
l o
f m
inim
um
Zo
rga
nik
a
210
Id
.
211
Are
a C
an
d t
he
Fu
ture
of
the
Pal
esti
nia
n E
con
om
y, W
orl
d B
ank
, 2
Oct
ob
er 2
013,
par
a. 2
3, h
ttp
://d
ocu
men
ts.
wo
rld
ban
k.o
rg/c
ura
ted
/en
/137
1114
6832
9419
171/
pd
f/A
US2
9220
RE
PL
AC
0EV
ISIO
N0J
anu
ary0
2014
.pd
f.
212
&e
Isra
eli
Hig
h C
ou
rt o
f Ju
stic
e h
eld
in
200
7 th
at I
srae
li e
mp
loye
rs m
ust
co
mp
ly w
ith
Isr
aeli
lab
or
law
s in
th
e
Wes
t B
ank
, an
d a
198
2 m
ilit
ary
ord
er r
equ
ired
Isr
aeli
em
plo
yers
to
pay
min
imu
m w
age
to s
ettl
emen
t w
ork
ers.
See
:
Em
plo
ymen
t o
f P
ales
tin
ian
s in
Isr
ael
and
th
e S
ettl
emen
ts:
Res
tric
tive
Po
lici
es a
nd
Ab
use
of
Rig
hts
, K
av L
aOve
d,
Au
gust
20
12,
p.3
7-39
, h
ttp
://w
ww
.kav
lao
ved
.org
.il/
en/w
p-c
on
ten
t/u
plo
ads/
site
s/3/
2013
/06/
KL
O-P
ales
tin
ian
-
Rep
ort
-Au
g-20
12.p
df
213
Id
. See
als
o O
ccu
pat
ion
, In
c., s
upr
a n
ote
45.
214
Em
plo
ymen
t o
f Pal
esti
nia
ns
in I
srae
l an
d t
he
Set
tlem
ents
: Res
tric
tive
Po
lici
es a
nd
Ab
use
of R
igh
ts, K
av L
aOve
d,
Au
gust
201
2, p
.39-
48.
215
Rip
e fo
r A
bu
se:
Pal
esti
nia
n C
hil
d L
abo
r in
Isr
aeli
Agr
icu
ltu
ral
Set
tlem
ents
in
th
e W
est
Ban
k,
Hu
man
Rig
hts
W
atch
, 13
A
pri
l 20
15,
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.hrw
.org
/rep
ort
/201
5/04
/13/
rip
e-ab
use
/pal
esti
nia
n-c
hil
d-l
abo
r-is
rael
i-
agri
cult
ura
l-se
ttle
men
ts-w
est-
ban
k
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
47
46
Th
e
Th
e c
om
pa
ny
ow
ns
an
d o
pe
rate
s
an
d h
old
s to
urs
fo
r
tou
rist
s
216
&e
com
pan
y n
ame
may
als
o s
pel
led
as
‘Zo
rgan
ica.
’
217
Zo
rgan
ika
Pro
file
, Wh
oP
rofi
ts, h
ttp
s://
wh
op
rofi
ts.o
rg/c
om
pan
y/zo
rgan
ika;
Far
min
g in
th
e W
est
Ban
k: O
rgan
ic
Par
adis
e, &
orn
y R
eali
ty, H
aare
tz, 2
4 A
pri
l 201
2, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.h
aare
tz.c
om
/1.5
2167
45.
218
Zo
rgan
ika
Pro
file
, Wh
oP
rofi
ts, h
ttp
s://
wh
op
rofi
ts.o
rg/c
om
pan
y/zo
rgan
ika.
219
Isr
aeli
Set
tler
s’ A
gric
ult
ure
as
a M
ean
s o
f L
and
Tak
eove
r in
th
e W
est
Ban
k,
Ker
em N
avo
t, p
.58,
htt
p:/
/do
cs.
wix
stat
ic.c
om
/ugd
/cd
b1a
7_37
0bb
4f21
ceb
47ad
b3a
c755
6c02
b89
72.p
df
220
Fo
r ex
amp
le,
the
Isra
eli
Civ
il A
dm
inis
trat
ion
to
ok
a d
eleg
atio
n f
rom
th
e E
uro
-Med
iter
ran
ean
Par
liam
enta
ry
Ass
emb
ly t
o Z
org
anik
a. I
nte
rim
Rep
ort
of
the
Ad
Ho
c C
om
mit
tee
on
En
erg
y, E
nvi
ron
men
t an
d W
ater
, E
uro
-
Med
iter
ran
ean
Par
liam
enta
ry A
ssem
bly
, 29
Jan
uar
y to
1 F
ebru
ary
2010
, h
ttp
://w
ww
.par
lam
ento
.it/d
ocu
men
ti/
rep
osi
tory
/aff
ari%
20eu
rop
ei/A
PE
M/I
nte
rim
Rep
ort
Gir
od
ano.
pd
f.
221
Far
min
g in
th
e W
est
Ban
k: O
rgan
ic P
arad
ise,
&o
rny
Rea
lity
, Haa
retz
, 24
Ap
ril
2012
, ava
ilab
le a
t h
ttp
s://
ww
w.
haa
retz
.co
m/1
.521
6745
; Z
org
anik
a d
ates
are
als
o a
vail
able
th
rou
gh o
nli
ne
pu
rch
ases
fo
r m
ark
ets
in E
uro
pe.
See
:
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.isr
ael-
spez
iali
taet
en.d
e/sh
op
/dat
teln
-un
d-d
atte
lpro
du
kte/
29/5
kg.
-bio
-med
jou
l-d
atte
ln-g
roes
se-j
um
bo
-
von
-med
joo
l-p
lus
222
Had
ikla
im-
Isra
el D
ate
Gro
wer
s C
oo
per
ativ
e P
rofi
le,
Wh
o P
rofi
ts,
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.wh
op
rofi
ts.o
rg/c
om
pan
y/
had
ikla
im-i
srae
l-d
ate-
gro
wer
s-co
op
erat
ive
223
Had
ikla
im s
ells
Med
joo
l d
ates
pri
mar
ily
un
der
th
e b
ran
d K
ing
So
lom
on
, an
d o
ther
dat
e p
rod
uct
s u
nd
er t
he
bra
nd
s Jo
rdan
Riv
er a
nd
Jo
rdan
Riv
er B
io-T
op
.
Had
ikla
im, A
bo
ut
Us,
htt
p:/
/ww
w.h
adik
laim
.co
m/a
bo
ut-
us
224
Far
min
g in
th
e W
est
Ban
k: O
rgan
ic P
arad
ise,
&o
rny
Rea
lity
, Haa
retz
, 24
Ap
ril
2012
, ava
ilab
le a
t h
ttp
s://
ww
w.
haa
retz
.co
m/1
.521
6745
lan
do
wn
ers
.
insi
ste
nce
th
at
the
ir l
an
d s
ho
uld
be
re
turn
ed
to
th
em
, th
e I
sra
eli
HC
J d
en
ied
th
e
225
In
UK
, su
per
mar
ket
s th
e fr
on
tlin
e to
ch
eck
ou
t B
DS,
Tim
es o
f Isr
ael,
20 A
ugu
st 2
014,
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.tim
eso
fisr
ael.
com
/in
-uk
-su
per
mar
ket
s-th
e-fr
on
tlin
e-to
-ch
eck
-ou
t-b
ds/
; Jo
rdan
Riv
er M
edjo
ol D
atte
In, S
chw
eiz
Pal
asti
na,
htt
ps:
//
pal
aest
ina.
ch/i
nd
ex.p
hp
/de/
isra
elis
che-
pro
du
kte/
328-
jord
an-r
iver
-med
joo
l-d
atte
ln-d
e
226
zo
rgan
ikad
ikla
him
.WM
V,
pu
bli
shed
on
23
No
vem
ber
200
8 b
y N
esto
r C
zerw
ack
i o
n Y
ou
Tu
be,
ava
ilab
le a
t
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.yo
utu
be.
com
/wat
ch?v
=p
GE
TtU
I-P
F8
227
Pal
esti
nia
ns
Pet
itio
n H
igh
Co
urt
to
Rec
laim
Jo
rdan
Val
ley
Lan
d, H
aare
tz, 1
Oct
ob
er 2
013,
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.haa
retz
.
com
/.p
rem
ium
-pal
esti
nia
ns-
pet
itio
n-f
or-
lan
d-1
.534
2748
;
Isra
el’s
Hig
h C
ou
rt B
last
s St
ate
for
Giv
ing
Pal
esti
nia
n-o
wn
ed L
and
to
Set
tler
s, H
aare
tz, 2
1 A
pri
l 20
15, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.
haa
retz
.co
m/.
pre
miu
m-c
ou
rt-b
last
s-st
ate-
for-
lan
d-t
ran
sfer
-1.5
3534
25
228
Do
cum
ent
Co
nfi
rms
Wo
rld
Zio
nis
t O
rgan
izat
ion
All
oca
tes
Lan
d t
o S
ettl
ers
in J
ord
an V
alle
y, H
aare
tz,
9
Sep
tem
ber
201
3, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.h
aare
tz.c
om
/do
cum
ent-
sett
lers
-go
t-p
ales
tin
ian
-lan
d-1
.533
1372
; Is
rael
’s H
igh
Co
urt
Bla
sts
Stat
e fo
r G
ivin
g P
ales
tin
ian
-ow
ned
Lan
d t
o S
ettl
ers,
Haa
retz
, 21
Ap
ril
2015
, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.h
aare
tz.c
om
/.
pre
miu
m-c
ou
rt-b
last
s-st
ate-
for-
lan
d-t
ran
sfer
-1.5
3534
25;
229
Pal
esti
nia
ns
Can
See
k C
om
pen
sati
on
Fro
m S
ettl
ers
in C
on
fisc
ated
Lan
d C
ase,
Co
urt
Say
s, H
aare
tz,
18 J
uly
2017
, av
aila
ble
at
h
ttp
s://
ww
w.h
aare
tz.c
om
/isr
ael-
new
s/.p
rem
ium
-pal
esti
nia
ns-
can
-see
k-c
om
pen
sati
on
-fro
m-
sett
lers
-in
-co
nfi
scat
ed-l
and
-cas
e-co
urt
-say
s-1.
5494
863
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
49
48
Th
e C
ou
rt c
on
clu
de
d t
ha
t th
e r
eli
ef
sou
gh
t b
y t
he
rep
ort
.
ii.
Sec
uri
ty
Wh
ile
Isr
ae
l’s i
mp
ort
of
we
ap
on
s
we
ap
on
s in
th
e w
orl
d.
230
Isr
aeli
Hig
h C
ou
rt D
enie
s P
ales
tin
ian
s’ P
etit
ion
to
Rec
ove
r L
and
s B
ein
g F
arm
ed b
y S
ettl
ers,
Haa
retz
, 24
N
ove
mb
er
2017
, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.h
aare
tz.c
om
/isr
ael-
new
s/.p
rem
ium
-co
urt
-den
ies-
pal
esti
nia
ns-
pet
itio
n-t
o-r
eco
ver-
lan
ds-
bei
ng-
farm
ed-b
y-se
ttle
rs-1
.562
6817
.
231
Id
.
232
See
: Dat
abas
e o
f al
l b
usi
nes
s en
terp
rise
s in
volv
ed i
n t
he
acti
viti
es d
etai
led
in
par
agra
ph
96
of
the
ind
epen
den
t in
tern
atio
nal
fac
t-fi
nd
ing
mis
sio
n t
o i
nve
stig
ate
the
imp
lica
tio
ns
of
the
Isra
eli
sett
lem
ents
on
th
e ci
vil,
po
liti
cal,
eco
no
mic
, so
cial
an
d c
ult
ura
l ri
ghts
of
the
Pal
esti
nia
n p
eop
le t
hro
ugh
ou
t th
e O
ccu
pie
d P
ales
tin
ian
Ter
rito
ry,
incl
ud
ing
Eas
t Je
rusa
lem
, 12
Feb
ruar
y 20
20, A
/HR
C/4
3/71
, p.8
-9
233
Isr
ael’s
Ho
mel
and
Sec
uri
ty I
nd
ust
ry:
Uti
lizi
ng
Inn
ova
tio
n t
o K
eep
Us
Safe
, Is
rael
Min
istr
y o
f E
con
om
y an
d
Ind
ust
ry,
htt
ps:
//it
rad
e.go
v.il
/th
aila
nd
/isr
aels
-ho
mel
and
-sec
uri
ty-i
nd
ust
ry-u
tili
zin
g-in
no
vati
on
-kee
p-u
s-sa
fe/;
F
or
Isra
eli A
rms
Mak
ers,
Gaz
a W
ar is
a C
ash
Co
w, H
aare
tz, 1
1 A
ugu
st 2
014,
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.haa
retz
.co
m/g
aza-
war
-is-
arm
s-in
du
stry
-cas
h-c
ow
-1.5
2588
93
234
Du
rham
, No
rth
Car
oli
na
Bec
om
es F
irst
U.S
. Cit
y to
Bar
Po
lice
Fro
m T
rain
ing
in I
srae
l, H
aare
tz, 1
9 A
pri
l 201
8,
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.haa
retz
.co
m/u
s-n
ews/
du
rham
-bec
om
es-fi
rst-
u-s
-cit
y-to
-bar
-po
lice
-fro
m-t
rain
ing-
in-i
srae
l-1.
6011
720
; IP
S o
ffice
rs v
isit
Isr
ael
to l
earn
bes
t p
oli
cin
g p
ract
ices
, &
e E
con
om
ic T
imes
, 13
Ju
ly 2
018,
htt
ps:
//ec
on
om
icti
mes
.in
dia
tim
es.c
om
/new
s/d
efen
ce/i
ps-
offi
cers
-vis
it-i
srae
l-to
-lea
rn-b
est-
po
lici
ng-
pra
ctic
es/a
rtic
lesh
ow
/485
4198
1.cm
s
235
“Is
rael
’s a
rms
imp
ort
s in
crea
sed
by
125
per
cen
t b
etw
een
200
8–12
an
d 2
013–
17.”
SIP
RI
Fac
t Sh
eet,
Mar
ch 2
018,
p
.12,
Sto
ckh
olm
In
tern
atio
nal
Pea
ce R
esea
rch
In
stit
ute
, p
. 2,
12,
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.sip
ri.o
rg/s
ites
/def
ault
/file
s/20
18-0
3/fs
sip
ri_
at20
17_
0.p
df
236
6 R
easo
ns
Isra
el B
ecam
e A
Cyb
erse
curi
ty P
ow
erh
ou
se L
ead
ing
&e
$82
Bil
lio
n I
nd
ust
ry, F
orb
es, 1
8 Ju
ly 2
017,
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.fo
rbes
.co
m/s
ites
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stry
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vate
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ty C
om
pan
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and
th
e Is
rael
i O
ccu
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ion
, W
ho
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fits
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earc
h C
ente
r, J
anu
ary
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op
rofi
ts.o
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p-c
on
ten
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plo
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al_
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f
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Ou
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ww
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Law
yers
fo
r P
ales
tin
ian
Hu
man
Rig
hts
(L
PH
R)
& G
4S P
LC
: F
inal
Sta
tem
ent
A#
er E
xam
inat
ion
of
Co
mp
lain
t,
UK
Nat
ion
al C
on
tact
Po
int
for
the
OE
CD
Gu
idel
ines
fo
r M
ult
inat
ion
al E
nte
rpri
ses,
Mar
ch 2
015,
par
a. 6
.
240
Agr
eem
ent
Rea
ched
on
Sal
e o
f G
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srae
l, G
4S, 2
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emb
er 2
016,
htt
p:/
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4s.c
om
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vest
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/02/
agre
emen
t-re
ach
ed-o
n-s
ale-
of-
g4s-
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el
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Gro
up
4 s
ecu
rity
firm
pu
lls
guar
ds
ou
t o
f W
est
Ban
k, 8
Oct
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er 2
002,
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Gu
ard
ian
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ww
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egu
ard
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rld
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rael
; G
4S r
esp
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se r
egar
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lega
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pli
city
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h i
nte
rnat
ion
al h
um
anit
aria
n
law
vio
lati
on
s b
y Is
rael
, B
usi
nes
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d H
um
an R
igh
ts R
eso
urc
e C
entr
e, 2
1 D
ecem
ber
201
0, h
ttp
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usi
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hu
man
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um
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aria
n-l
aw-
vio
lati
on
s-b
y-is
rael
.
242
&e
Cas
e o
f G
4S: P
riva
te S
ecu
rity
Co
mp
anie
s an
d t
he
Isra
eli
Occ
up
atio
n, W
ho
Pro
fits
, Mar
ch 2
011,
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, 11,
17,
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ps:
//w
ho
pro
fits
.org
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-co
nte
nt/
up
load
s/20
18/0
6/o
ld/W
ho
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fits
-Pri
vate
Sec
uri
ty-G
4S.p
df
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
51
50
Th
is w
as
En
terp
rise
s. T
he
co
mp
lain
t a
lle
ge
d t
ha
t th
e c
om
pa
ny
pro
vid
ed
se
rvic
es
an
d
243
G4S
res
po
nse
reg
ard
ing
alle
gati
on
s o
f co
mp
lici
ty w
ith
in
tern
atio
nal
hu
man
itar
ian
law
vio
lati
on
s b
y Is
rael
,
Bu
sin
ess
and
Hu
man
Rig
hts
Res
ou
rce
Cen
tre,
21
Dec
emb
er 2
010,
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.bu
sin
ess-
hu
man
righ
ts.o
rg/e
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lega
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ns-
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nte
rnat
ion
al-h
um
anit
aria
n-l
aw-v
iola
tio
ns-
by-
isra
el
244
Rep
ort
of
the
Spec
ial
Rap
po
rteu
r o
n t
he
situ
atio
n o
f h
um
an r
igh
ts i
n t
he
Pal
esti
nia
n t
erri
tori
es o
ccu
pie
d
sin
ce 1
967,
Ric
har
d F
alk
, 19
Sep
tem
ber
201
2, A
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379,
par
as 4
7-51
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ttp
s://
un
isp
al.u
n.o
rg/d
pa/
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NIS
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pen
Do
cum
ent
245
G4S
, ho
wev
er, w
as n
ot s
pec
ifica
lly
nam
ed in
the
rep
ort
; th
e re
po
rt o
nly
cit
ed g
ener
al a
ctiv
itie
s o
f co
nce
rn. R
epo
rt
of
the
ind
epen
den
t in
tern
atio
nal
fac
t- fi
nd
ing
mis
sio
n t
o in
vest
igat
e th
e im
pli
cati
on
s o
f th
e Is
rael
i set
tlem
ents
on
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e
civi
l, p
oli
tica
l, ec
on
om
ic,
soci
al a
nd
cu
ltu
ral
righ
ts o
f th
e P
ales
tin
ian
peo
ple
th
rou
gho
ut
the
Occ
up
ied
Pal
esti
nia
n
Ter
rito
ry, i
ncl
ud
ing
Eas
t Je
rusa
lem
, 7 F
ebru
ary
2013
, par
a. 9
6, A
/HR
C/2
2/63
.
246
See
for
exa
mpl
e: U
nit
ed M
eth
od
ist
Ch
urc
h D
ives
ts f
rom
G4S
, U
nit
ed M
eth
od
ist
for
Kai
ros
Res
po
nse
, 12
Ju
ne
2014
, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.k
airo
sres
po
nse
.org
/pre
ssre
l_u
mc_
div
ests
_g4
s.h
tml;
Du
tch
un
ion
du
mp
s G
4S f
or
aid
ing
Isra
el’s
hu
man
rig
hts
ab
use
s, E
lect
ron
ic I
nti
fad
a, 1
6 D
ecem
ber
201
3, h
ttp
s://
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tro
nic
inti
fad
a.n
et/b
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mp
s-g4
s-ai
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g-is
rael
s-h
um
an-r
igh
ts-a
bu
ses
247
&e
com
pla
int
argu
ed t
hat
th
e is
sue
sho
uld
co
me
bef
ore
th
e U
K N
CP
rat
her
th
an t
he
Isra
eli N
CP
; th
e la
tter
did
no
t o
bje
ct. F
inal
Rev
iew
, p.7
248
In
itia
l A
sses
smen
t b
y th
e U
K N
atio
nal
Co
nta
ct P
oin
t fo
r th
e O
EC
D G
uid
elin
es f
or
Mu
ltin
atio
nal
En
terp
rise
s,
Co
mp
lain
t fr
om
Law
yers
fo
r P
ales
tin
ian
Hu
man
Rig
hts
(L
PH
R)
Aga
inst
G4S
, M
ay 2
014,
par
a. 2
2, h
ttp
s://
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ts.
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men
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Th
e
It
furt
he
r n
ote
d
249
Law
yers
fo
r P
ales
tin
ian
Hu
man
Rig
hts
(L
PH
R)
& G
4S P
LC
: F
inal
Sta
tem
ent
a#er
Exa
min
atio
n o
f C
om
pla
int,
UK
Nat
ion
al C
on
tact
Po
int
for
the
OE
CD
Gu
idel
ines
fo
r M
ult
inat
ion
al E
nte
rpri
ses,
Mar
ch 2
015,
par
a. 4
9, h
ttp
s://
asse
ts.p
ub
lish
ing
.ser
vice
.go
v.u
k/g
ove
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ent/
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.pd
f.
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Id
. at
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251
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. at
par
a. 6
7 &
76.
252
Fo
llo
w u
p S
tate
men
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er r
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mm
end
atio
ns
in c
om
pla
int
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m L
PH
R a
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st G
4S, U
K N
atio
nal
Co
nta
ct P
oin
t
for
the
OE
CD
Gu
idel
ines
fo
r M
ult
inat
ion
al E
nte
rpri
ses,
Ju
ly 2
016,
par
a. 2
3 24
253
See
for
exa
mpl
e: H
um
an R
igh
ts R
evie
w o
f G
4S,
Hu
man
Rig
hts
Rep
ort
an
d L
egal
Op
inio
n,
Sum
mar
y o
f
Ind
epen
den
t R
evie
w,
2 Ju
ne
2004
; G
4S U
pd
ate-
Ap
ril
2002
, G
4S,
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.bu
sin
ess-
hu
man
righ
ts.o
rg/s
ites
/
def
ault
/file
s/m
edia
/do
cum
ents
/co
mp
any_
resp
on
ses/
g4s-
isra
el-a
pr-
24-2
012.
pd
f
254
Let
ter
dat
ed 1
9 M
arch
201
9, N
igel
Lo
ckw
oo
d, H
ead
of
Go
vern
men
t A
ffai
rs &
CSR
, G4S
plc
.
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
53
52
D. C
ompa
nies
wit
h O
pera
tion
s in
Mul
tipl
e C
onte
xts
of O
ccup
atio
n In
i. E
xtr
act
ives
: H
eid
elb
erg
Cem
ent
ad
dre
ss,
an
d p
reve
nt
hu
ma
n r
igh
ts i
mp
acts
, a
nd
pro
vid
e a
ve
nu
es
for
rem
ed
y.
am
on
gst
oth
er
issu
es.
We
ste
rn
Sa
ha
ra2
59
It
255
Fir
st r
epo
rt o
n p
rote
ctio
n o
f th
e en
viro
nm
ent
in r
elat
ion
to
arm
ed c
on
flic
ts b
y M
arja
Leh
to, S
pec
ial R
app
ort
eur,
30 A
pri
l 201
8, A
/CN
.4/7
20, p
aras
. 31-
32, h
ttp
://d
igit
alli
bra
ry.u
n.o
rg/r
eco
rd/1
6265
41/fi
les/
A_
CN
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720-
EN
.pd
f
256
Co
urt
s h
ave
fou
nd
pil
lage
, th
e ap
pro
pri
atio
n o
f p
riva
te p
rop
erty
, to
hav
e o
ccu
rred
wh
en a
sset
s w
ere
acq
uir
ed
by
forc
e an
d w
ith
ou
t th
e co
nse
nt
of
the
ow
ner
, as
wel
l as
“w
hen
th
e ag
reem
ent
was
bas
ed o
n t
hre
ats,
in
tim
idat
ion
,
pre
ssu
re,
or
a p
osi
tio
n o
f p
ow
er d
eriv
ed f
rom
th
e su
rro
un
din
g ar
med
co
nfl
ict.”
B
usi
nes
s an
d I
nte
rnat
ion
al
Hu
man
itar
ian
Law
, A
n I
ntr
od
uct
ion
to
th
e R
igh
ts a
nd
Ob
liga
tio
ns
of
Bu
sin
ess
En
terp
rise
s u
nd
er I
nte
rnat
ion
al
Hu
man
itar
ian
Law
, IC
RC
, p.2
2
257
Co
mp
any,
Hei
del
ber
gCem
ent
Gro
up
, htt
ps:
//w
ww
.hei
del
ber
gcem
ent.
com
/en
/co
mp
any
258
Id
.
259
Mo
rocc
o, H
eid
elb
ergC
emen
t G
rou
p, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.h
eid
elb
ergc
emen
t.co
m/e
n/m
oro
cco
cu
rre
ntl
y o
pe
rate
s a
gri
nd
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an
d c
em
en
t b
ag
gin
g c
en
ter
ne
ar
El
Aa
iun
2
60
26
1 T
he
co
mp
an
y
26
2
26
3
Th
e c
om
pa
ny
fu
rth
er
no
ted
its
use
of
ren
ew
ab
le e
ne
rgy,
as
“th
e w
ind
fa
rm
socia
l p
roje
cts
in
We
ste
rn S
ah
ara
.26
4
Occ
up
ied
Pa
lest
inia
n T
err
ito
ry.
He
ide
lbe
rg
est
ab
lish
ed
it
s p
rese
nce
2
65
Ha
nso
n.2
66
26
7
260
Cen
tre
de
bro
yage
de
Laâ
you
ne,
Cim
ents
du
Mar
oc,
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ps:
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ww
.cim
ents
du
mar
oc.
com
/fr/
cen
tre-
de-
bro
yage
-
de-
laay
ou
ne
261
Ren
ewab
le e
ner
gies
: C
imen
ts d
u M
aro
c fi
nan
ced
win
d f
arm
in
augu
rate
d i
n L
aâyo
un
e, I
nve
st i
n M
oro
cco,
21
Oct
ob
er 2
011,
htt
p:/
/ww
w.i
nve
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ov.
ma/
?Id
=39
&la
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=5&
Ref
=17
5
262
Wh
at is
Hei
del
ber
gCem
ent
do
ing
in o
ccu
pie
d W
este
rn S
ahar
a?, W
este
rn S
ahar
a R
eso
urc
e W
atch
, 2M
arch
201
8,
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.wsr
w.o
rg/a
105x
4124
; D
ecis
ion
to
exc
lud
e fr
om
in
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men
ts,
KL
P, 1
Ju
ne
2015
, h
ttp
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ngl
ish
.klp
.no
/
po
lop
oly
_fs
/1.3
11
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f
263
Em
ail
com
mu
nic
atio
n f
rom
An
dre
as S
chal
ler,
Dir
ecto
r o
f G
rou
p C
om
mu
nic
atio
n &
IR
, H
eid
elb
ergC
emen
t
AG
, 29
Mar
ch 2
019.
264
Id
.
265
See
: Occ
up
atio
n, I
nc.
, su
pra
no
te 4
5; &
e Is
rael
i Exp
loit
atio
n o
f Pal
esti
nia
n N
atu
ral R
eso
urc
es: P
art I
I H
eid
elb
erg
Cem
ent,
W
ho
P
rofi
ts,
No
vem
ber
20
16,
htt
ps:
//w
ho
pro
fits
.org
/up
dat
es/t
he-
isra
eli-
exp
loit
atio
n-o
f-p
ales
tin
ian
-
nat
ura
l-re
sou
rces
-par
t-ii
-hei
del
ber
g-ce
men
t/
266
Isr
ael,
Hei
del
ber
gCem
ent
Gro
up
, htt
ps:
//w
ww
.hei
del
ber
gcem
ent.
com
/en
/isr
ael
267
Han
son
Isr
ael,
Wh
o P
rofi
ts, h
ttp
s://
wh
op
rofi
ts.o
rg/c
om
pan
y/h
anso
n-i
srae
l-fo
rmer
ly-p
ion
eer-
con
cret
e-is
rael
/
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
55
54
the
OE
CD
gu
ide
lin
es,
an
d t
ha
t it
s su
bsi
dia
ry H
an
son
Isr
ae
l ca
rrie
d o
ut
“an
Acco
rdin
g t
o t
he
co
mp
an
y, H
eid
elb
erg
Ce
me
nt
It
is u
ncle
ar
as
to
.
the
co
mp
an
y, w
hic
h w
en
t u
nfu
lfil
led
by
He
ide
lbe
rg i
n o
rde
r to
“a
bid
e
268
Pen
sio
n F
un
d b
lack
list
s fo
ur
com
pan
ies
a#er
Dan
wat
ch i
nve
stig
atio
n,
10 O
cto
ber
201
7, h
ttp
s://
dan
wat
ch.d
k/
en/p
ensi
on
-fu
nd
-bla
ckli
sts-
fou
r-co
mp
anie
s-a#
er-d
anw
atch
-in
vest
igat
ion
/; D
ecis
ion
to
exc
lud
e fr
om
in
vest
men
ts,
KL
P, 1
Jun
e 20
15, h
ttp
://e
ngl
ish
.klp
.no
/po
lop
oly
_fs
/1.3
1195
.143
4009
511!
/men
u/s
tan
dar
d/fi
le/H
eid
elb
erg%
20o
g%20
CE
ME
X%
20b
eslu
tnin
g%20
om
%20
ute
luk
kel
se%
20E
NG
.pd
f
269
Occ
up
atio
n, I
nc.
, su
pra
no
te 4
5; R
esp
on
se t
o t
he
arti
cle
of
Ele
ctro
nic
In
tifa
da,
Hei
del
gber
gCem
ent,
2 O
cto
ber
2017
, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.b
usi
nes
s-h
um
anri
ghts
.org
/sit
es/d
efau
lt/fi
les/
do
cum
ents
/Res
po
nse
_H
C_
2017
1002
.pd
f
270
Em
ail
com
mu
nic
atio
n f
rom
An
dre
as S
chal
ler,
Dir
ecto
r o
f G
rou
p C
om
mu
nic
atio
n &
IR
, H
eid
elb
ergC
emen
t
AG
, 29
Mar
ch 2
019
[her
ein
a#er
Sch
alle
r em
ail]
.
It s
ho
uld
be
no
ted
th
at i
n a
pre
vio
us
com
mu
nic
atio
n w
ith
th
e co
mp
any,
Pal
esti
nia
n N
GO
Al-
Haq
all
eged
th
at t
he
com
pan
y’s
loca
tio
n o
n p
ub
lic
rem
ain
ed i
n v
iola
tio
n o
f IH
L a
nd
th
at H
eid
elb
erg
hel
d “
un
law
full
y ac
qu
ired
lea
ses”
on
th
e p
ub
lic
pro
per
ty.
See:
Al-
Haq
Res
po
nse
to
Hei
del
ber
gCem
ent,
Bu
sin
ess
and
Hu
man
Rig
hts
Res
ou
rce
Cen
ter,
10 O
cto
ber
201
7,
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.bu
sin
ess-
hu
man
righ
ts.o
rg/s
ites
/def
ault
/file
s/d
ocu
men
ts/A
l-H
aq%
20R
esp
on
se%
20
Hei
del
ber
g.p
df
271
Sch
alle
r em
ail,
supr
a n
ote
271
.
272
Pal
esti
ne,
Hei
del
ber
gCem
ent
Gro
up
, htt
ps:
//w
ww
.hei
del
ber
gcem
ent.
com
/en
/pal
esti
ne
273
Em
ail
com
mu
nic
atio
n f
rom
An
dre
as S
chal
ler,
Dir
ecto
r o
f G
rou
p C
om
mu
nic
atio
n &
IR
, H
eid
elb
ergC
emen
t
AG
, 25
Au
gust
201
9.
ou
r ce
me
nt
pla
nts
. W
e h
av
e n
ow
wri
tte
n o
ff t
he
ce
me
nt
pla
nt
in o
ur
T
he
co
mp
an
y n
ote
d t
ha
t it
“si
gn
ed
th
e d
ive
stm
en
t o
f
ii.
To
uri
sm:
Air
bn
b
Th
e to
uri
sm se
cto
r’s
imp
act
on
h
um
an
ri
gh
ts in
o
ccu
pie
d te
rrit
ori
es
ma
y b
e
no
ne
the
less
se
ve
re.
Co
ntr
ol o
f to
uri
sm s
ite
s, in
clu
din
g n
atu
ral a
nd
his
tori
cal si
tes,
an
d t
he
re
mo
va
l o
f cu
ltu
ral
pro
pe
rty,
an
d a
s p
rev
iou
sly
no
ted
, th
e u
se o
f n
atu
ral
imp
lica
te i
ssu
es
rela
ted
to
pro
pe
rty
rig
hts
.
274
Hei
del
ber
gCem
ent
hal
ts p
rod
uct
ion
at
Uk
rain
e fa
cto
ry, C
emN
et.c
om
, 18
No
vem
ber
201
4, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.c
emn
et.
com
/New
s/st
ory
/155
715/
hei
del
ber
gcem
ent-
hal
ts-p
rod
uct
ion
-at-
uk
rain
e-fa
cto
ry.h
tml
275
An
nu
al R
epo
rt 2
017,
Hei
del
ber
gCem
ent,
p.7
9.
276
Em
ail
com
mu
nic
atio
n f
rom
An
dre
as S
chal
ler,
Dir
ecto
r o
f G
rou
p C
om
mu
nic
atio
n &
IR
, H
eid
elb
ergC
emen
t
AG
, 29
Mar
ch 2
019.
277
An
nu
al R
epo
rt 2
018,
Hei
del
ber
gCem
ent,
p.6
5.
278
Id
. at
p.6
7.
279
Ab
ou
t U
s, A
irb
nb,
htt
ps:
//p
ress
.air
bn
b.co
m/a
bo
ut-
us/
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
57
56
an
d d
id n
ot
pro
vid
e a
Isra
eli
min
iste
r st
ate
d t
ha
t a
s lo
ng
as
the
po
licy
wa
s n
ot
reve
rse
d,
the
Sta
te w
ou
ld
280
Lis
tin
gs i
n D
isp
ute
d T
erri
tori
es,
Air
bn
b, 1
9 N
ove
mb
er 2
018
htt
ps:
//p
ress
.air
bn
b.co
m/l
isti
ngs
-in
-dis
pu
ted
-
regi
on
s/
281
&e
stat
emen
t as
sert
ed i
n p
art
“To
be
clea
r, o
ur
ann
ou
nce
men
t d
oes
no
t ap
ply
to
mo
re t
han
20,
000
list
ings
in
Isra
el —
in
clu
din
g in
Jer
usa
lem
an
d G
ola
n H
eigh
ts —
an
d h
ost
s co
nti
nu
e to
sh
are
thei
r p
lace
s w
ith
tra
vele
rs.”
282
Fra
mew
ork
fo
r E
valu
atin
g L
isti
ngs
in
Dis
pu
ted
Are
as,
Air
bn
b, 1
7 Ja
nu
ary
2019
, h
ttp
s://
pre
ss.a
irb
nb.
com
/
fram
ewo
rk-f
or-
eval
uat
ing-
list
ings
-in
-dis
pu
ted
-are
as/
283
Isr
ael
wil
l S
eek
Leg
al S
tep
s A
gain
st A
irb
nb,
Say
s M
inis
ter,
&e
Jeru
sale
m P
ost
, 9
Jan
uar
y 20
19,
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.
jpo
st.c
om
/Isr
ael-
New
s/Is
rael
-wil
l-se
ek-l
egal
-ste
ps-
agai
nst
-Air
bn
b-s
ays-
min
iste
r-57
6811
284
Air
bn
b F
acin
g L
awsu
it i
n t
he
U.S
. O
ver
Isra
eli
Set
tlem
ents
Ban
, C
TE
CH
, 29
No
vem
ber
201
8, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.
calc
alis
tech
.co
m/c
tech
/art
icle
s/0,
7340
,L-3
7509
86,0
0.h
tml
285
Pal
esti
nia
ns
Inte
rven
e to
Su
e S
ettl
ers
in A
irb
nb
Law
suit
, C
ente
r fo
r C
on
stit
uti
on
al R
igh
ts,
18 M
arch
201
9,
htt
ps:
//cc
rju
stic
e.o
rg/h
om
e/p
ress
-cen
ter/
pre
ss-r
elea
ses/
pal
esti
nia
ns-
inte
rven
e-su
e-se
ttle
rs-a
irb
nb
-law
suit
286
Up
dat
e o
n L
isti
ngs
in
Dis
pu
ted
Reg
ion
s, A
irb
nb,
9 A
pri
l 20
19,
htt
ps:
//p
ress
.air
bn
b.co
m/u
pd
ate-
list
ings
-
dis
pu
ted
-reg
ion
s/
287
See
for
exa
mpl
e: P
ales
tin
ian
No
n-G
ove
rnm
enta
l Org
aniz
atio
ns
Net
wo
rk c
all o
n I
nte
rnat
ion
al a
nd
Lo
cal N
GO
s
to R
ejec
t D
on
atio
ns
fro
m A
irb
nb,
13
May
201
9, h
ttp
://w
ww
.alh
aq.o
rg/a
dvo
cacy
/605
5.h
tml;
Isra
el/O
PT
: Rev
ersa
l o
f
Air
bn
b o
n i
lleg
al s
ettl
emen
t li
stin
gs d
eep
ly s
ham
efu
l, A
mn
esty
In
tern
atio
nal
, 10
Ap
ril
2019
, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.a
mn
esty
.
org
/en
/lat
est/
new
s/20
19/0
4/is
rael
-op
t-re
vers
al-o
f-ai
rbn
b-b
an-o
n-i
lleg
al-s
ettl
emen
t-li
stin
gs-d
eep
ly-s
ham
efu
l/
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
59
58
BU
SIN
ES
S R
ES
PE
CT
FO
R H
UM
AN
R
IGH
TS
& S
ITU
AT
ION
S O
F O
CC
UP
AT
ION
rig
hts
an
d t
he
ru
le o
f la
w i
n o
ccu
pie
d t
err
ito
rie
s a
s p
art
of
an
en
ha
nce
d d
ue
con
trib
ute
to
th
e d
eve
lop
me
nt
of
the
occu
pie
d t
err
ito
ry in
a m
an
ne
r th
at
acco
rds
A. E
nhan
ced
Due
Dili
genc
e
In
do
ing
so
, b
usi
ne
sse
s m
ay
als
o a
vo
id
288
&e
Wo
rkin
g G
rou
p h
as c
alle
d o
n b
usi
nes
ses
to u
se h
um
an r
igh
ts d
ue
dil
igen
ce a
s a
too
l fo
r u
nd
erst
and
ing
imp
acts
an
d c
on
trib
uti
ng
to s
ust
ain
able
dev
elo
pm
ent.
&e
rep
ort
of
the
Wo
rkin
g G
rou
p o
n t
he
issu
e o
f h
um
an r
igh
ts
and
tra
nsn
atio
nal
co
rpo
rati
on
s an
d o
ther
bu
sin
ess
ente
rpri
ses,
15
July
201
8, A
/73/
163,
par
a. 5
9.
289
Wo
rkin
g G
rou
p S
tate
men
t, s
upr
a n
ote
2, p
.9-1
0.
3.
4.
imp
acts
.
T
he
w
he
re
en
ha
nce
d d
ue
dil
ige
nce
wo
uld
en
tail
un
de
rsta
nd
ing
th
e d
eta
ils
of
the
se e
lem
en
ts.
290
U.N
. Gu
idin
g P
rin
cip
les,
su
pra
no
te 1
, pri
nci
ple
s 17
-21.
291
See
: O
EC
D D
ue
Dil
igen
ce G
uid
ance
fo
r R
esp
on
sib
le B
usi
nes
s C
on
du
ct,
OE
CD
, 20
18,
htt
ps:
//m
neg
uid
elin
es.
oec
d.o
rg/O
EC
D-D
ue-
Dil
igen
ce-G
uid
ance
-fo
r-R
esp
on
sib
le-B
usi
nes
s-C
on
du
ct.p
df;
&
e re
po
rt
of
the
Wo
rkin
g
Gro
up
on
th
e is
sue
of
hu
man
rig
hts
an
d t
ran
snat
ion
al c
orp
ora
tio
ns
and
oth
er b
usi
nes
s en
terp
rise
s, U
N W
ork
ing
Gro
up
, 16
Ju
ly 2
018,
A/7
3/16
3, h
ttp
s://
do
cum
ents
-dd
s-n
y.u
n.o
rg/d
oc/
UN
DO
C/G
EN
/N18
/224
/87/
PD
F/N
1822
487.
pd
f?O
pen
Ele
men
t;
&e
Wo
rkin
g G
rou
p h
as n
ote
d t
hat
six
ele
men
ts o
f d
ue
dil
igen
ce d
etai
led
by
the
OE
CD
fu
lly
alig
n w
ith
th
e U
NG
Ps.
Co
mp
anio
n n
ote
I t
o t
he
Wo
rkin
g G
rou
p’s
2018
rep
ort
to
th
e G
ener
al A
ssem
bly
(A
/73/
163)
, W
ork
ing
Gro
up
on
Bu
sin
ess
and
Hu
man
Rig
hts
, p.7
.
292
Wo
rkin
g G
rou
p S
tate
men
t, s
upr
a n
ote
2, a
t 9-
10.
293
U.N
. Gu
idin
g P
rin
cip
les,
su
pra
no
te 1
, pri
nci
ple
18
(co
mm
enta
ry).
IV
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
61
60
i. “
Spec
ific
Co
nte
xt”
law
, b
usi
ne
sse
s sh
ou
ld m
ore
na
rro
wly
co
nsi
de
r th
e la
ws
an
d p
oli
cie
s re
late
d t
o t
he
Iden
tify
ing
the
Occ
up
yin
g P
ow
er
mu
st c
on
sid
er
tha
t th
e o
ccu
py
ing
po
we
r is
th
e p
rim
ary
du
ty b
ea
rer,
an
d c
on
du
ct
An
nex
ati
on
/ E
xte
nsi
on
of
Do
mes
tic
La
ws
to O
ccu
pie
d T
erri
tory
in t
ha
t te
rrit
ory
294
&e
UN
GP
24
no
tes
that
it
may
be
nec
essa
ry t
o p
rio
riti
ze a
ctio
ns,
an
d s
eek
to
pre
ven
t an
d m
itig
ate
imp
acts
that
are
th
e m
ost
sev
ere.
Per
emp
tory
no
rms
of
inte
rnat
ion
al l
aw i
ncl
ud
e th
e ri
ght
to s
elf-
det
erm
inat
ion
an
d t
he
pro
hib
itio
n a
gain
st t
hre
at o
r u
se o
f fo
rce
to a
cqu
ire
terr
ito
ry.
See
als
o:
&e
Co
rpo
rate
Res
po
nsi
bil
ity
to R
esp
ect
Hu
man
Rig
hts
, An
In
terp
reti
ve G
uid
e, U
nit
ed N
atio
ns
Offi
ce o
f th
e H
igh
Co
mm
issi
on
er f
or
Hu
man
Rig
hts
, 201
2.
295
U.N
. Gu
idin
g P
rin
cip
les,
su
pra
no
te 1
, pri
nci
ple
17(
com
men
tary
).
In s
uch
in
sta
nce
s, b
usi
ne
sse
s sh
ou
ld f
urt
he
r co
nsi
de
r th
e l
eg
ali
ty a
nd
va
lid
ity
serv
e t
o f
urt
he
r in
teg
rate
th
e o
ccu
pie
d t
err
ito
ry i
nto
th
at
of
the
occu
pie
r.
tho
ug
h S
iem
en
s re
po
rte
dly
in
clu
de
d c
on
tra
ct
pro
vis
ion
s th
at
sou
gh
t to
ad
he
re
is v
iew
ed
an
d t
rea
ted
by
th
e o
ccu
py
ing
sta
te a
s a
n i
ntr
insi
c p
art
of
its
terr
ito
ry,
Sec
tor-
spec
ific
co
nte
xt
sho
uld
b
e
on
go
ing
, b
usi
ne
sse
s ca
n
de
ve
lop
a
nd
im
ple
me
nt
con
sist
en
t a
nd
296
GC
IV, s
upr
a n
ote
10,
art
47.
297
&e
OE
CD
urg
es c
om
pan
ies
to e
stab
lish
“th
e fa
ctu
al c
ircu
mst
ance
s o
f it
s ac
tivi
ties
an
d r
elat
ion
ship
s an
d
eval
uat
ing
tho
se f
acts
aga
inst
rel
evan
t st
and
ard
s p
rovi
ded
un
der
nat
ion
al a
nd
in
tern
atio
nal
law
.” O
EC
D D
ue
Dil
igen
ce G
uid
ance
fo
r R
esp
on
sib
le S
up
ply
Ch
ain
s, p
.13,
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
63
62
to
“ad
op
t,
an
d
cle
arl
y
com
mu
nic
ate
to
su
pp
lie
rs
an
d
the
p
ub
lic,
a
com
pa
ny
Acc
ess
to R
emed
y
con
sid
er
wh
eth
er
ind
ivid
ua
ls t
ha
t h
ave
ha
d t
he
ir h
um
an
rig
hts
im
pa
cte
d b
y a
298
An
nex
I F
ive-
Step
Fra
mew
ork
for
Ris
k-B
ased
Du
e D
ilig
ence
in th
e M
iner
al S
up
ply
Ch
ain
, OE
CD
Du
e D
ilig
ence
Gu
idan
ce f
or
Res
po
nsi
ble
su
pp
ly C
hai
ns
of
Min
eral
s fr
om
Co
nfl
ict-
Aff
ecte
d a
nd
Hig
h-R
isk
Are
as,
&ir
d E
dit
ion
,
2016
, p.1
7, h
ttp
://w
ww
.oec
d.o
rg/d
af/i
nv/
mn
e/O
EC
D-D
ue-
Dil
igen
ce-G
uid
ance
-Min
eral
s-E
dit
ion
3.p
df
299
&e
Wo
rkin
g G
rou
p S
tate
men
t su
gges
ts t
hat
bu
sin
esse
s “e
xerc
ise
extr
eme
cau
tio
n i
n a
ll b
usi
nes
s ac
tivi
ties
an
d
rela
tio
nsh
ips
invo
lvin
g ac
qu
isit
ion
of
asse
ts i
n c
on
flic
t zo
nes
.” W
ork
ing
Gro
up
Sta
tem
ent,
su
pra
no
te 2
, at
10.
300
Sah
araw
i A
rab
Dem
ocr
atic
Rep
ub
lic
and
An
oth
er v
Ow
ner
an
d C
har
tere
rs o
f th
e M
V ‘
NM
Ch
erry
Blo
sso
m’
and
Oth
ers
(15/
6/20
17),
Hig
h C
ou
rt o
f S
ou
th A
fric
a, E
aste
r C
ape
Lo
cal
Div
isio
n,
Po
rt E
liza
bet
h,
Jud
gmen
t, p
ara.
97,
htt
p:/
/ww
w.s
aflii
.org
/za/
case
s/Z
AE
CP
EH
C/2
017/
31.h
tml
Sah
araw
i A
rab
D
emo
crat
ic
Rep
ub
lic,
P
oli
sari
o
Fro
nt
and
NM
Sh
ipp
ing
SA,
et a
l, H
igh
Co
urt
of
So
uth
Afr
ica,
23
Feb
ruar
y 20
18,
par
a. 3
.2,
htt
ps:
//w
srw
.org
/file
s/
dat
ed/2
018-
02-2
3/20
1802
23_
sou
th_
afri
ca_
ruli
ng.
pd
f
301
Isr
ael:
Air
bn
b t
o E
nd
Set
tlem
ent
Ren
tals
, Bo
ok
ing.
com
, Oth
er G
lob
al T
ou
rism
Co
mp
anie
s Sh
ou
ld F
oll
ow
Su
it,
Hu
man
Rig
hts
Wat
ch,
20 N
ove
mb
er 2
018,
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.hrw
.org
/new
s/20
18/1
1/20
/isr
ael-
airb
nb
-en
d-s
ettl
emen
t-
ren
tals
terr
ito
ry i
tse
lf o
r a
s p
art
of
the
ju
dic
ial
au
tho
rity
of
the
occu
py
ing
po
we
r, t
he
ii.
“Sp
ecif
ic P
eop
le”
As
pa
rt o
f d
ue
dil
ige
nce
pro
ce
sse
s, b
usi
ne
ss e
nte
rpri
ses
sho
uld
ca
refu
lly
ass
ess
of
the
o
ccu
py
ing
p
ow
er
tha
t w
ere
u
nla
wfu
lly
p
rese
nt
in
the
te
rrit
ory
. S
uch
rig
hts
im
pa
cte
d m
ay,
ho
we
ve
r, l
ea
d t
o b
usi
ne
sse
s fa
ilin
g t
o r
esp
ect
hu
ma
n r
igh
ts
302
Sit
uat
ion
in
Cri
mea
, 25
Sep
tem
ber
201
7, s
upr
a n
ote
51,
par
as. 1
70 &
173.
303
Hig
h C
ou
rt s
anct
ion
s lo
oti
ng:
Isr
aeli
qu
arri
es i
n t
he
Wes
t B
ank
, B
’Tse
lem
, 16
Jan
uar
y 20
12,
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.
bts
elem
.org
/set
tlem
ents
/201
2011
6_h
cj_
ruli
ng_
on
_q
uar
ries
_in
_w
b
304
Gre
at D
rain
: Is
rael
i q
uar
ries
in
th
e W
est
Ban
k:
Hig
h C
ou
rt S
anct
ion
ed I
nst
itu
tio
nal
ized
&e#
, Y
esh
Din
, 14
Sep
tem
ber
20
17,
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.yes
h-d
in.o
rg/e
n/g
reat
-dra
in-i
srae
li-q
uar
ries
-wes
t-b
ank
-hig
h-c
ou
rt-s
anct
ion
ed-
inst
itu
tio
nal
ized
-th
e#/
305
Occ
up
atio
n, I
nc.
, su
pra
no
te 4
5, A
nn
ex V
III:
Let
ter
fro
m H
eid
elb
erg
Cem
ent
to H
um
an R
igh
ts W
atch
.
306
U.N
. Gu
idin
g P
rin
cip
les,
su
pra
no
te 1
, pri
nci
ple
18.
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
65
64
an
d I
HL,
or
pre
ve
nt
ad
ve
rse
im
pa
cts
.
T
he
se i
ssu
es,
as
we
ll a
s th
e “
de
cis
ive
307
OE
CD
Du
e D
ilig
ence
Gu
idan
ce f
or
Mea
nin
gfu
l St
akeh
old
er E
nga
gem
ent
in t
he
Ext
ract
ive
Sec
tor,
p.2
2-23
,
htt
ps:
//re
ad.o
ecd
-ili
bra
ry.o
rg/g
ove
rnan
ce/o
ecd
-du
e-d
ilig
ence
-gu
idan
ce-f
or-
mea
nin
gfu
l-st
akeh
old
er-e
nga
gem
ent-
in-t
he-
extr
acti
ve-s
ecto
r_97
8926
4252
462-
en#p
age2
1
308
Pic
tet
Co
mm
enta
ry I
V, s
up
ra n
ote
11
, ar
t. 4
9.
309
Let
ter
dat
ed 2
9 Ja
nu
ary
2002
fro
m t
he
Un
der
-Sec
reta
ry-G
ener
al f
or
Leg
al A
ffai
rs, t
he
Leg
al C
ou
nse
l, ad
dre
ssed
to t
he
Pre
sid
ent
of
the
Sec
uri
ty C
ou
nci
l, 12
Feb
ruar
y 20
02,
S/20
02/1
61 ;
Par
agra
ph
1 o
f U
NG
A R
eso
luti
on
50/
33
reaffi
rms
the
inal
ien
able
rig
ht
of
the
peo
ple
s o
f co
lon
ial
and
No
n-S
elf-
Go
vern
ing
Ter
rito
ries
to
sel
f-d
eter
min
atio
n
and
in
dep
end
ence
an
d t
o t
he
enjo
ymen
t o
f th
e n
atu
ral
reso
urc
es o
f th
eir
Ter
rito
ries
, as
wel
l as
th
eir
righ
t to
dis
po
se
of
tho
se r
eso
urc
es i
n t
hei
r b
est
inte
rest
s.” G
ener
al A
ssem
bly
Res
olu
tio
n 5
0/33
: A
ctiv
itie
s o
f fo
reig
n e
con
om
ic a
nd
oth
er i
nte
rest
s w
hic
h i
mp
ede
the
imp
lem
enta
tio
n o
f th
e D
ecla
rati
on
on
th
e G
ran
tin
g o
f In
dep
end
ence
to
Co
lon
ial
Co
un
trie
s an
d P
eop
les
in T
erri
tori
es u
nd
er c
olo
nia
l d
om
inat
ion
, 9
Feb
ruar
y 19
96,
avai
lab
le a
t h
ttp
://w
ww
.un
.org
/
do
cum
ents
/ga/
res/
50/a
res5
0-33
.htm
310
San
Leo
n’s
En
erg
y C
om
pli
ance
wit
h t
he
OE
CD
Gu
idel
ines
fo
r M
ult
inat
ion
al E
nte
rpri
ses
in i
ts O
per
atio
ns
in
Wes
tern
Sah
ara,
Glo
bal
Leg
al A
ctio
n N
etw
ork
(G
LA
N),
24
Oct
ob
er 2
018,
p.1
9
Ne
stl
é
Th
e
Th
e c
om
pa
ny
sta
ted
th
at
the
im
po
rt o
f p
rod
ucts
“a
re c
om
pli
an
t w
ith
th
e I
sra
eli
ba
sed
in
Is
rae
l, it
ca
nn
ot
pro
vid
e a
g
ua
ran
tee
fo
r th
e re
lea
se o
f g
oo
ds.
T
he
311
Nes
tlé
in P
ales
tin
e G
arn
ers
Inte
rnat
ion
al E
nvi
ron
men
tal,
Hea
lth
& S
afet
y C
erti
fica
tio
ns
for
its
War
eho
use
an
d O
ffice
s O
per
atio
ns,
4 A
ugu
st 2
015,
Nes
tlé
Pre
ss R
elea
se,
avai
lab
le a
t h
ttp
s://
ww
w.n
estl
e-m
e.co
m/e
n/m
edia
/p
ress
rele
ases
/nes
tle-
pal
esti
ne-
iso
-cer
tifi
cati
on
312
Em
ail
resp
on
se f
rom
Nes
tlé
on
22
July
201
8, c
on
veyi
ng
stat
emen
ts f
rom
Rai
ner
Mu
elle
r, C
om
mu
nic
atio
ns
Dir
ecto
r at
Nes
tlé
Mid
dle
Eas
t.
313
Id
.
314
Id
.
315
In
terv
iew
wit
h N
estl
é’s
Gen
eral
Bu
sin
ess
Man
ager
, A
nto
n H
azb
ou
n,
in B
eth
leh
em,
OP
T o
n 1
Au
gust
201
8 [h
erei
na#
er H
azb
ou
n i
nte
rvie
w].
316
E
mai
l co
mm
un
icat
ion
, 18
Mar
ch 2
019,
An
ton
Haz
bo
un
, G
ener
al B
usi
nes
s M
anag
er o
f N
estl
é in
Pal
esti
ne
[her
ein
a#er
Haz
bo
un
em
ail]
.
317
Haz
bo
un
in
terv
iew
, su
pra
no
te 3
16.
318
Haz
bo
un
em
ail,
supr
a n
ote
317
..
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
67
66
occu
py
ing
po
we
r. N
eve
rth
ele
ss,
a c
om
pa
ny
lo
cate
d i
n t
he
te
rrit
ory
ad
min
iste
red
Vu
lner
ab
le a
nd
Ma
rgin
ali
zed
Gro
up
s
A
s h
igh
lig
hte
d b
y t
he
th
ree
319
See
: UN
GP
Gen
eral
Pri
nci
ple
s, U
NG
P 1
8 C
om
men
tary
, UN
GP
27
Co
mm
enta
ry
320
&e
Co
rpo
rate
Res
po
nsi
bil
ity
to R
esp
ect
Hu
man
Rig
hts
, A
n I
nte
rpre
tive
Gu
ide,
Un
ited
Nat
ion
s O
ffice
of
the
Hig
h C
om
mis
sio
n f
or
Hu
man
Rig
hts
, 201
2.
321
Wo
rkin
g G
rou
p S
tate
men
t, s
upr
a n
ote
2, a
t 10
.
322
&e
Law
of
Arm
ed C
on
flic
t, B
elli
gere
nt
Occ
up
atio
n,
p.1
0, a
vail
able
at
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.icr
c.o
rg/e
ng/
asse
ts/fi
les/
oth
er/l
aw9_
fin
al.p
df
323
See
fo
r ex
amp
le, A
rtic
le 8
, 27
of
the
Fo
urt
h G
enev
a C
on
ven
tio
n, a
nd
Hag
ue
Reg
ula
tio
ns,
su
pra
no
te 7
, art
. 46.
324
&e
UN
Co
un
try
Tea
m in
th
e O
ccu
pie
d P
ales
tin
ian
Ter
rito
ry n
ote
d in
201
6 “A
#er
nea
rly
50 y
ears
of
occ
up
atio
n
ever
y P
ales
tin
ian
liv
ing
in t
he…
(OP
T)
is v
uln
erab
le t
o s
om
e d
egre
e.”
Un
ited
Nat
ion
s C
ou
ntr
y T
eam
Occ
up
ied
Pal
esti
nia
n T
erri
tory
, Co
mm
on
Co
un
try
An
alys
is, p
.11,
ava
ilab
le a
t h
ttp
s://
eeas
.eu
rop
a.eu
/sit
es/e
eas/
file
s/co
mm
on
_
cou
ntr
y_an
alys
is.p
df
iii.
“S
pec
ific
Im
pa
cts” w
he
re p
rio
rity
sh
ou
ld b
e g
ive
n t
o a
dd
ress
ing
th
e m
ost
sev
ere
im
pa
cts
on
th
e p
rote
cte
d p
op
ula
tio
n.
Wh
ile
a b
usi
ne
ss m
ay
ha
ve
a
bro
ad
id
ea
of
the
ty
pe
of
po
ten
tia
l h
um
an
rig
hts
im
pa
cts
its
se
cto
ral
acti
vit
ies
imp
acts
ma
y b
e h
eig
hte
ne
d in
sit
ua
tio
ns
of
occu
pa
tio
n,
inclu
din
g d
ue
to
po
licie
s
an
d p
racti
ce
s in
stit
ute
d b
y t
he
occu
py
ing
po
we
r, a
s w
ell
as
a r
esu
lt o
f a
bro
ad
er
cli
ma
te o
f im
pu
nit
y.
325
U.N
. Gu
idin
g P
rin
cip
les,
su
pra
no
te 1
, pri
nci
ple
18
and
co
mm
enta
ry.
326
U.N
. Gu
idin
g P
rin
cip
les,
su
pra
no
te 1
, pri
nci
ple
24.
327
Occ
up
ied
Co
un
try,
Dis
pla
ced
Peo
ple
, No
rweg
ian
Ref
uge
e C
ou
nci
l, 20
14, p
.15
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.nrc
.no
/glo
bal
asse
ts/
pd
f/re
po
rts/
occ
up
ied
-co
un
try-
--d
isp
lace
d-p
eop
le.p
df
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
69
68
in W
est
ern
Sa
ha
ra.
Occu
py
ing
po
we
rs h
ave
als
o m
ad
e s
imil
ar
sta
tem
en
ts.
Ho
we
ve
r, e
mp
loy
me
nt
iv.
Ad
dre
ssin
g H
um
an
Rig
hts
Ris
ks
33
3
33
4
imp
acts
an
d c
an
no
t in
cre
ase
its
le
ve
rag
e t
o d
o s
o,
it s
ho
uld
ass
ess
th
e s
eve
rity
of
328
Co
mp
anio
n n
ote
II
to t
he
Wo
rkin
g G
rou
p’s
2018
rep
ort
to
th
e G
ener
al A
ssem
bly
(A
/73/
163)
, Wo
rkin
g G
rou
p
on
Bu
sin
ess
and
Hu
man
Rig
hts
, Ver
sio
n 1
6 O
cto
ber
201
8, p
.6, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.o
hch
r.o
rg/D
ocu
men
ts/I
ssu
es/B
usi
nes
s/
Ses
sio
n18
/Co
mp
anio
nN
ote
2Dil
igen
ceR
epo
rt.p
df
329
Bal
ance
wel
com
es r
eso
luti
on
of
carg
o d
isp
ute
, 10
May
201
8, B
alan
ce,
htt
ps:
//b
alla
nce
.co.
nz/
New
s/N
ewsP
age/
Bal
lan
ce-w
elco
mes
-res
olu
tio
n-o
f-ca
rgo
-dis
pu
te
330
Isr
aeli
-Pal
esti
nia
n E
con
om
ic R
elat
ion
s, I
srae
l Min
istr
y o
f F
ore
ign
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on
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ic%
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fo
r ex
amp
le H
um
an R
igh
ts W
atch
dis
cuss
ion
on
Pal
esti
nia
n w
ork
ers
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srae
li s
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emen
ts i
n: O
ccu
pat
ion
,
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no
te 4
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332
U.N
. Gu
idin
g P
rin
cip
les,
su
pra
no
te 1
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nci
ple
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333
U.N
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idin
g P
rin
cip
les,
su
pra
no
te 1
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nci
ple
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334
&e
rep
ort
of t
he
Wo
rkin
g G
rou
p o
n th
e is
sue
of h
um
an r
igh
ts a
nd
tran
snat
ion
al c
orp
ora
tio
ns
and
oth
er b
usi
nes
s
ente
rpri
ses,
16
July
201
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/73/
163,
par
a. 5
4; D
oin
g B
usi
nes
s w
ith
Res
pec
t fo
r H
um
an R
igh
ts, A
Gu
idan
ce T
oo
l fo
r
Co
mp
anie
s, S
hi#
, Glo
bal
Co
mp
act
Net
wo
rk N
eth
erla
nd
s, &
Oxf
am, 2
016,
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essr
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um
anri
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usi
nes
s_re
spec
t_h
um
an_
righ
ts_
full
.pd
f
33
5
ad
ve
rse
im
pa
cts
, th
ere
m
ay
a
lso
b
e
ce
rta
in
secto
rs
or
cir
cu
mst
an
ce
s w
he
re
ad
ve
rse
im
pa
cts
.
B. R
isks
to B
usin
esse
s
i. L
ega
l R
isk
s
cri
min
all
y l
iab
le i
f th
ey
co
mm
it o
r a
ssis
t in
th
e c
om
mis
sio
n o
f g
rave
bre
ach
es
of
33
7
335
U.N
. Gu
idin
g P
rin
cip
les,
su
pra
no
te 1
, pri
nci
ple
19
(co
mm
enta
ry);
Wo
rkin
g G
rou
p S
tate
men
t, s
upr
a n
ote
2, a
t
10.
336
Dat
abas
e R
epo
rt,
par
as. 4
0-41
337
Bu
sin
ess
and
In
tern
atio
nal
Hu
man
itar
ian
Law
, IC
RC
, p.1
5
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
71
70
33
8 A
dv
iso
rie
s is
sue
d b
y E
U s
tate
s,
Un
ite
d S
tate
s a
nd
th
e N
eth
erl
an
ds.
ii.
Fin
an
cia
l R
isk
s, i
ncl
ud
ing
Inv
esto
r-re
late
d R
isk
s
T
he
co
mp
an
y
CE
O n
ote
d t
ha
t th
e c
ost
of
the
im
po
un
de
d s
hip
wa
s co
ve
red
by
in
sura
nce
at
a
34
3
338
Co
mp
anio
n n
ote
I t
o t
he
Wo
rkin
g G
rou
p’s
2018
rep
ort
to
th
e G
ener
al A
ssem
bly
, (A
/73/
163)
, p.5
, htt
ps:
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oh
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ents
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ues
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ess/
Ses
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EU
mem
ber
sta
te b
usi
nes
s ad
viso
ries
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Isr
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set
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ents
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CF
R,
2 N
ove
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er 2
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ater
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at-w
e-d
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erp
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orp
ora
te C
om
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city
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cces
s to
Ju
stic
e an
d t
he
Inte
rnat
ion
al L
egal
Fra
mew
ork
fo
r
Co
rpo
rate
Acc
ou
nta
bil
ity,
In
tern
atio
nal
Co
mm
issi
on
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cj.o
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0/R
epo
rt-C
orp
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om
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al-S
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arF
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Mo
rocc
an f
erti
lize
r ag
ency
giv
es u
p c
ou
rt c
ase
to w
in b
ack
NZ
ph
osp
hat
e ca
rgo,
Stu
ff,
14 J
uly
201
7, h
ttp
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ess/
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73
78
21
/mo
rocc
an-f
erti
lise
r-ag
ency
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es-u
p-c
ou
rt-c
ase-
to-w
in-b
ack
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ph
osp
hat
e-ca
rgo
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Bal
lan
ce s
till
in
sh
ipsh
ape,
Far
mer
s W
eek
ly, 2
4 Ju
ly 2
017,
htt
ps:
//fa
rmer
swee
kly
.co.
nz/
#
343
Mae
rsk
dro
ps
tran
spo
rt o
f co
nfl
ict
rock
fro
m o
ccu
pie
d W
este
rn S
ahar
a, 2
3 Ju
ne
2018
, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.w
srw
.org
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a105
x418
9
com
pa
nie
s th
at
are
se
en
to
be
dir
ectl
y o
r in
dir
ectl
y c
om
pli
cit
in
hu
ma
n r
igh
ts
ab
use
s.3
44
34
5
to a
dd
ress
hu
ma
n r
igh
ts i
ssu
es
in t
he
te
rrit
ory
.
inve
sto
rs d
ecid
ed
to
no
t in
ve
st i
n b
usi
ne
sse
s in
th
e r
eg
ion
, w
hil
e c
om
pa
nie
s
the
ir p
oli
cie
s.3
47
34
8 N
ota
bly
, th
e
tha
t p
rov
ide
pro
du
cts
or
serv
ice
s th
at
ma
teri
all
y c
on
trib
ute
to
th
e m
ain
ten
an
ce
344
Cla
rify
ing
the
Co
nce
pts
of
“Sp
her
e o
f In
flu
ence
” an
d “
Co
mp
lici
ty,”
Rep
ort
of
the
Spec
ial
Rep
rese
nta
tive
of
the
Sec
reta
ry-G
ener
al o
n t
he
Issu
e o
f H
um
an R
igh
ts a
nd
Tra
nsa
tio
nal
Co
rpo
rati
on
s an
d o
ther
Bu
sin
ess
En
terp
rise
s,
Joh
n R
ugg
ie, 1
5 M
ay 2
008,
A/H
RC
/8/1
6, p
ara.
63-
67
345
&e
Wo
rkin
g G
rou
p h
as c
alle
d o
n b
usi
nes
ses
to u
se h
um
an r
igh
ts d
ue
dil
igen
ce a
s a
too
l fo
r u
nd
erst
and
ing
imp
acts
an
d c
on
trib
uti
ng
to s
ust
ain
able
dev
elo
pm
ent.
&e
rep
ort
of
the
Wo
rkin
g G
rou
p o
n t
he
issu
e o
f h
um
an r
igh
ts
and
tra
nsn
atio
nal
co
rpo
rati
on
s an
d o
ther
bu
sin
ess
ente
rpri
ses,
15
July
201
8, A
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163,
par
a. 8
6.
346
Res
po
nsi
ble
Bu
sin
ess
Ad
van
cin
g P
eace
: E
xam
ple
s fr
om
Co
mp
anie
s, I
nve
sto
rs,
& G
lob
al C
om
pac
t L
oca
l
Net
wo
rks,
A J
oin
t U
N G
lob
al C
om
pac
t-P
RI
Pu
bli
cati
on
, p.9
3, h
ttp
s://
ww
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np
ri.o
rg/d
ow
nlo
ad?a
c=40
07
347
Id
. at
p.9
4.
348
See
for
exa
mpl
e: N
orw
egia
n s
ove
reig
n f
un
d d
ives
ts c
om
pan
ies
ove
r W
este
rn S
ahar
a, I
PE
, 28
Jun
e 20
16, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.i
pe.
com
/new
s/es
g/n
orw
egia
n-s
ove
reig
n-f
un
d-d
ives
ts-c
om
pan
ies-
ove
r-w
este
rn-s
ahar
a/1
00
13
99
0.a
rtic
le;
Un
ited
Met
ho
dis
t p
ensi
on
fu
nd
div
estm
ent
of
Isra
eli
ban
ks,
14
Jan
uar
y 20
16,
Pal
esti
ne
Isra
el E
cum
enic
al F
oru
m,
htt
ps:
//p
ief.
oik
ou
men
e.o
rg/e
n/n
ews-
even
ts/n
ews/
un
ited
-met
ho
dis
t-p
ensi
on
-fu
nd
-exc
lusi
on
-an
d-d
ives
tmen
t-o
f-is
rael
i-b
ank
s; P
resb
yter
ian
Ch
urc
h v
ote
s to
div
est
ho
ldin
gs t
o s
anct
ion
Isr
ael,
&e
Gu
ard
ian
, 21
Ju
ne
2014
, h
ttp
s://
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uar
dia
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om
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rld
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n/2
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resb
yter
ian
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urc
h-v
ote
s-d
ives
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ings
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n-i
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l
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In
vest
men
t G
uid
elin
es, F
rien
ds
Fid
uci
ary,
Mar
ch 2
018,
p.2
.
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
73
72
iii.
Ris
k o
f L
osi
ng
Pu
bli
c C
on
tra
cts
an
d A
cces
s to
Pu
bli
c Su
pp
ort
we
ll a
s th
rou
gh
th
eir
pu
bli
c c
on
tra
cts
fo
r g
oo
ds
an
d s
erv
ice
s.
thro
ug
h t
he
ir p
rocu
rem
en
t,
bu
sin
ess
en
terp
rise
s th
at
vio
late
hu
ma
n r
igh
ts f
rom
pu
bli
c co
ntr
act
s. L
oca
l co
un
cils
,
35
3 i
n
35
4
iv.
Rep
uta
tio
na
l R
isk
s
35
5
350
See
par
a. 9
0(e)
on
in
vest
or
effo
rts
mo
re g
ener
ally
. &e
Wo
rkin
g G
rou
p h
as c
alle
d o
n b
usi
nes
ses
to u
se h
um
an
righ
ts d
ue
dil
igen
ce a
s a
too
l fo
r u
nd
erst
and
ing
imp
acts
an
d c
on
trib
uti
ng
to s
ust
ain
able
dev
elo
pm
ent.
&e
rep
ort
of
the
Wo
rkin
g G
rou
p o
n t
he
issu
e o
f h
um
an r
igh
ts a
nd
tra
nsn
atio
nal
co
rpo
rati
on
s an
d o
ther
bu
sin
ess
ente
rpri
ses,
15
July
201
8, A
/73/
163.
351
U.N
. Gu
idin
g P
rin
cip
les,
su
pra
no
te 1
, pri
nci
ple
s 6,
7.
352
A 2
016
stu
dy
of 2
0 ju
risd
icti
on
s fo
un
d t
hat
Sta
tes
are
gen
eral
ly n
ot
fulfi
llin
g th
eir
du
ty.
Pu
bli
c P
rocu
rem
ent
and
H
um
an R
igh
ts:
A S
urv
ey o
f T
wen
ty J
uri
sdic
tio
ns,
In
tern
atio
nal
Lea
rnin
g L
ab o
n P
ub
lic
Pro
cure
men
t an
d H
um
an
Rig
hts
, Ju
ly
2016
, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.h
rpro
cure
men
tlab
.org
/wp
-co
nte
nt/
up
load
s/20
16/0
6/P
ub
lic-
Pro
cure
men
t-an
d-
Hu
man
-Rig
hts
-A-S
urv
ey-o
f-T
wen
ty-J
uri
sdic
tio
ns-
Fin
al.p
df
353
Du
bli
n C
ity
Co
un
cil
vote
to
su
pp
ort
eco
no
mic
san
ctio
ns
agai
nst
Isr
ael,
Iris
h E
xam
iner
, 10
Ap
ril
2018
, htt
ps:
//
ww
w.i
rish
exam
iner
.co
m/b
reak
ingn
ews/
irel
and
/du
bli
n-c
ity-
cou
nci
l-vo
te-t
o-s
up
po
rt-e
con
om
ic-s
anct
ion
s-ag
ain
st-
isra
el-8
3654
9.h
tml
354
Bel
gian
mu
nic
ipal
ity
bo
yco
tts
com
pan
ies
pro
mo
tin
g Is
rael
i o
ccu
pat
ion
, P
ress
TV
, 29
Ap
ril
2017
, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.
pre
sstv
.co
m/D
etai
l/20
17/0
4/29
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852/
Bel
giu
m-M
ole
nb
eek
-Isr
aeli
-occ
up
atio
n-P
ales
tin
ian
-ter
rito
ries
355
Cla
rify
ing
the
Co
nce
pts
of
“Sp
her
e o
f In
flu
ence
” an
d “
Co
mp
lici
ty,”
Rep
ort
of
the
Spec
ial
Rep
rese
nta
tive
of
the
Sec
reta
ry-G
ener
al o
n t
he
Issu
e o
f H
um
an R
igh
ts a
nd
Tra
nsn
atio
nal
Co
rpo
rati
on
s an
d o
ther
Bu
sin
ess
En
terp
rise
s,
Joh
n R
ugg
ie, 1
5 M
ay 2
008,
A/H
RC
/8/1
6, p
ara.
70
35
7
com
pli
cit
y in
se
rio
us
ab
use
s, h
as
resu
lte
d in
civ
il s
ocie
ty c
am
pa
ign
s a
ga
inst
ce
rta
in
35
8
v. C
om
mer
cia
l R
isk
s
for
its
pro
du
cts
an
d w
he
the
r im
po
rts
mo
re g
en
era
lly
me
t E
uro
pe
’s f
oo
d s
afe
ty,
356
EU
Mem
ber
Sta
te B
usi
nes
s A
dvi
sori
es o
n I
srae
li S
ettl
emen
ts,
Eu
rop
ean
Co
un
cil
on
Fo
reig
n R
elat
ion
s, 2
No
vem
ber
201
6, h
ttp
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eu/a
rtic
le/e
u_
mem
ber
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ate_
bu
sin
ess_
advi
sori
es_
on
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rael
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ttle
men
ts
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Ove
rsea
s B
usi
nes
s R
isk
- &
e O
ccu
pie
d P
ales
tin
ian
Ter
rito
ry, F
ore
ign
& C
om
mo
nw
ealt
h O
ffice
, 8 A
ugu
st 2
018,
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.go
v.u
k/g
ove
rnm
ent/
pu
bli
cati
on
s/o
vers
eas-
bu
sin
ess-
risk
-pal
esti
nia
n-t
erri
tori
es/o
vers
eas-
bu
sin
ess-
risk
-
the-
occ
up
ied
-pal
esti
nia
n-t
erri
tori
es
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G4S
Up
dat
e -
Ap
ril
2012
, G
4S,
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ps:
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ww
.bu
sin
ess-
hu
man
righ
ts.o
rg/s
ites
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ault
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s/m
edia
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cum
ents
/
com
pan
y_re
spo
nse
s/g4
s-is
rael
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r-24
-201
2.p
df
359
As
a re
sult
of
its
pas
t p
rese
nce
in
th
e O
PT
an
d t
he
com
pan
y’s
con
tin
ued
in
tere
st i
n a
po
lice
tra
inin
g fa
cili
ty i
n
Isra
el, U
N W
om
en b
ecam
e th
e fi
#h
UN
age
ncy
in
Jo
rdan
to
en
d it
s co
ntr
act
wit
h t
he
com
pan
y in
201
7. U
N W
om
en
bec
om
es 5
th U
N a
gen
cy i
n J
ord
an t
o d
rop
co
ntr
acts
wit
h G
4S,
&e
Jord
an T
imes
, 3
Oct
ob
er 2
017,
htt
p:/
/ww
w.
jord
anti
mes
.co
m/n
ews/
loca
l/u
n-w
om
en-b
eco
mes
-5th
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-age
ncy
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rdan
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p-c
on
trac
ts-g
4s
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
75
74
he
alt
h,
an
d o
the
r st
an
da
rds
wa
s d
iscu
sse
d.
Isra
el.
in t
he
Ne
the
rla
nd
s. A
cco
rdin
g t
o t
he
co
mp
an
y’s
we
bsi
te,
CU
C d
oe
s n
ot
ha
ve
an
pro
du
ce
d in
Isr
ae
l.
Th
e v
ali
dit
y o
f su
ch
360
Deb
ates
, E
uro
pea
n P
arli
amen
t, 1
4 F
ebru
ary
2012
, St
rasb
ou
rg,
htt
p:/
/ww
w.e
uro
par
l.eu
rop
a.eu
/sid
es/g
etD
oc.
do
?pu
bR
ef=
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P//
TE
XT
+C
RE
+20
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C+
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L+
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361
Zo
rgan
ika,
Op
erat
ion
Pro
file
(178
0803
698)
up
dat
ed o
n 9
Jan
uar
y 20
20, U
SDA
Org
anic
Inte
grit
y D
atab
ase,
htt
ps:
//
org
anic
.am
s.u
sda.
go
v/I
nte
gri
ty/C
P/O
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asp
x?c
id=
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op
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80
80
36
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ty%
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lt.
asp
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e=H
om
e
362
[C
UC
] C
on
tro
l Un
ion
Cer
tifi
cati
on
s C
erti
fier
Pro
file
, USD
A O
rgan
ic I
nte
grit
y
Dat
abas
e, <
htt
ps:
//o
rgan
ic.a
ms.
usd
a.go
v/In
tegr
ity/
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tifi
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asp
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d=
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ret=
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age.
asp
x&re
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e=C
erti
fier
%2b
Lo
cato
r>
363
Fin
d a
n O
ffice
, Co
ntr
ol
Un
ion
Cer
tifi
cati
on
s, h
ttp
s://
cert
ifica
tio
ns.
con
tro
lun
ion
.co
m/e
n/c
on
tact
-us/
fin
d-a
n-o
f
fice
?act
ivit
y=C
erti
fica
tio
ns&
cou
ntr
y=P
ales
tin
e
364
In
tern
atio
nal
T
rad
e P
oli
cies
: Is
rael
, U
SDA
, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.a
ms.
usd
a.go
v/se
rvic
es/o
rgan
ic-c
erti
fica
tio
n/
inte
rnat
ion
al-t
rad
e/Is
rael
365
No
tab
ly,
US
Sec
reta
ry o
f St
ate
Mik
e P
om
peo
affi
rmed
in
No
vem
ber
201
9 “t
he
Un
ited
Sta
tes
Go
vern
men
t is
exp
ress
ing
no
vie
w o
n t
he
lega
l st
atu
s o
f an
y in
div
idu
al s
ettl
emen
t.” F
ull
tex
t o
f P
om
peo
’s s
tate
men
t o
n s
ettl
emen
ts,
Tim
es o
f Is
rael
19
No
vem
ber
201
9, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.t
imes
ofi
srae
l.co
m/f
ull
-tex
t-o
f-p
om
peo
s-st
atem
ent-
on
-set
tlem
ents
/
po
we
rs m
ay
als
o u
nd
erm
ine
th
e t
ran
spa
ren
cy
of
sup
ply
ch
ain
s a
nd
re
sult
in
th
e
it w
as
ne
arl
y I
sra
eli
de
ve
lop
ap
pro
pri
ate
mo
nit
ori
ng
an
d o
the
r m
ech
an
ism
s to
en
sure
th
at
the
ir
acti
vit
ies
or
rela
tio
nsh
ips
are
no
t co
ntr
ibu
tin
g t
o o
r b
en
efi
tin
g f
rom
ad
ve
rse
hu
ma
n r
igh
ts i
mp
acts
.
366
Go
od
s fr
om
Isr
ael
sett
lem
ents
gra
nte
d p
refe
ren
tial
EU
tra
de
dea
ls, M
idd
le E
ast
Mo
nit
ory
, 28
Sep
tem
ber
201
7,
avai
lab
le
at
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.mid
dle
east
mo
nit
or.
com
/201
7092
8-go
od
s-fr
om
-isr
ael-
sett
lem
ents
-gra
nte
d-p
refe
ren
tial
-
eu-t
rad
e-d
eals
/; S
ee a
lso
Bel
giu
m’s
eco
no
mic
an
d c
om
mer
cial
rel
atio
ns
wit
h I
srae
li s
ettl
emen
ts i
n t
he
Occ
up
ied
Pal
esti
nia
n T
erri
tori
es, O
pin
ion
of t
he
Ad
viso
ry C
ou
nci
l on
Po
licy
Co
her
ence
for
Dev
elo
pm
ent,
18
Jan
uar
y 20
18, p
.5.
367
Res
pec
tin
g H
um
an R
igh
ts &
rou
gh G
lob
al S
up
ply
Ch
ain
s, S
hi#
Wo
rksh
op
Rep
ort
No.
2, O
cto
ber
201
2, p
.16-
18, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.s
hi#
pro
ject
.org
/med
ia/r
eso
urc
es/d
ocs
/Sh
i#_
UN
GP
ssu
pp
lych
ain
2012
.pd
f
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
77
76
RO
LE
OF
ST
AT
ES
the
y o
ccu
py
or
are
un
de
r th
eir
de
fact
o
sove
reig
nty
ove
r W
est
ern
Sa
ha
ra.
Alt
ho
ug
h la
rge
ly c
on
de
mn
ed
by
oth
er
Sta
tes,
to b
usi
ne
ss a
nd
hu
ma
n r
igh
ts.
368
Co
mm
on
Art
icle
1, G
enev
a C
on
ven
tio
ns.
See
als
o C
om
mo
n A
rtic
le 1
“es
tab
lish
es t
his
sta
nd
ard
wit
h r
egar
d t
o
pri
vate
act
ors
if t
he
latt
er fi
nd
th
emse
lves
un
der
th
e ju
risd
icti
on
of
a St
ate,
or
wit
h r
egar
d t
o b
reac
hes
of
IHL
by
Stat
es
and
no
n-S
tate
act
ors
ab
road
wh
ose
co
nd
uct
co
uld
be
infl
uen
ced
by
a th
ird
Sta
te.”
Exp
ert
Op
inio
n o
n &
ird
Sta
tes’
Ob
liga
tio
ns
vis-
à-v
is I
HL
Vio
lati
on
s u
nd
er I
nte
rnat
ion
al
Law
, w
ith
a s
pec
ial
focu
s o
n C
om
mo
n A
rtic
le 1
to
th
e
19
49
Gen
eva
Co
nve
nti
on
s, D
r. #
éo B
ou
tru
che
and
Pro
fess
or
Mar
co S
assò
li, p
.14-
15.
369
Isr
ael
pu
shes
US
to r
eco
gniz
e M
oro
ccan
so
vere
ign
ty i
n W
este
rn S
ahar
a –
rep
ort
, Je
rusa
lem
Po
st,
5 F
ebru
ary
2020
, h
ttp
s://
ww
w.jp
ost
.co
m/M
idd
le-E
ast/
Isra
el-p
ush
es-U
S-to
-rec
ogn
ize-
Mo
rocc
an-s
ove
reig
nty
-in
-Wes
tern
-
Sah
ara-
rep
ort
-616
587
ad
op
t th
e
ne
ce
ssa
ry
inte
rna
l p
oli
cie
s a
nd
e
nfo
rce
me
nt
me
asu
res
to
en
sure
con
tra
cts
, su
pp
ort
, a
nd
se
rvic
es.
an
d b
uil
d t
he
ca
pa
cit
y o
f g
ove
rnm
en
t a
ge
ncie
s, f
ore
ign
an
d t
rad
e m
inis
trie
s, a
nd
occu
pie
d t
err
ito
ry.3
73
for
hu
ma
n r
igh
ts.3
74
37
5
of
such
me
asu
res
to o
ccu
pie
d t
err
ito
rie
s h
as
ge
ne
rall
y b
ee
n l
imit
ed
, a
pe
nd
ing
370
U.N
. Gu
idin
g P
rin
cip
les,
su
pra
no
te 1
, pri
nci
ple
s 2,
7.
371
Gu
idan
ce o
n N
atio
nal
Act
ion
Pla
ns
on
Bu
sin
ess
and
Hu
man
Rig
hts
, U
N W
ork
ing
Gro
up
on
Bu
sin
ess
and
Hu
man
Rig
hts
, p.2
6.
372
U.N
. Gu
idin
g P
rin
cip
les,
su
pra
no
te 1
, pri
nci
ple
s 6,
7, a
nd
co
mm
enta
ries
.
373
U.N
. Gu
idin
g P
rin
cip
les,
su
pra
no
te 1
, pri
nci
ple
7 (
com
men
tary
).
374
Rep
ort
of
the
Wo
rkin
g G
rou
p o
n t
he
issu
e o
f h
um
an r
igh
ts a
nd
tra
nsn
atio
nal
co
rpo
rati
on
s an
d o
ther
bu
sin
ess
ente
rpri
ses,
2 M
ay 2
018,
A/H
RC
/38/
48, p
ara.
85
375
Id
. at
par
a. 9
0
V
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
79
78
37
7
as
such
.37
8
376
Co
ntr
ol o
f E
con
om
ic A
ctiv
ity
(Occ
up
ied
Ter
rito
ries
) B
ill 2
018
(Bil
l 6 o
f 20
18),
Tit
he
an O
irea
chta
is H
ou
ses
of
Oir
each
tas,
ava
ilab
le a
t h
ttp
s://
ww
w.o
irea
chta
s.ie
/en
/bil
ls/
bil
l/20
18/6
/?h
igh
ligh
t%5B
0%5D
=o
ccu
pie
d&
hig
hli
ght%
5B1%
5D=
terr
ito
ries
&h
igh
ligh
t%5B
2%5D
=b
ill
377
EU
res
tric
tive
mea
sure
s in
res
po
nse
to
th
e cr
isis
in
Uk
rain
e, C
ou
nci
l o
f th
e E
uro
pea
n U
nio
n,
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.
con
sili
um
.eu
rop
a.eu
/en
/po
lici
es/s
anct
ion
s/u
kra
ine-
cris
is/
378
In
terp
reta
tive
No
tice
on
in
dic
atio
n o
f o
rigi
n o
f go
od
s fr
om
th
e te
rrit
ori
es o
ccu
pie
d b
y Is
rael
sin
ce J
un
e 19
67,
Eu
rop
ean
C
om
mis
sio
n,
11
No
vem
ber
20
15,
par
a.
5-10
, h
ttp
://w
ww
.eea
s.eu
rop
a.eu
/arc
hiv
es/d
eleg
atio
ns/
isra
el/
do
cum
ents
/new
s/20
1511
11_
inte
rpre
tati
ve_
no
tice
_in
dic
atio
n_
of_
ori
gin
_o
f_go
od
s_en
.pd
f
379
Id
. at
par
a. 2
.
Ne
ve
rth
ele
ss,
be
in
dic
ate
d a
s su
ch
.
38
3
38
4 I
t m
ay
als
o b
e n
ece
ssa
ry t
o c
on
sid
er
380
Ban
Isr
aeli
Set
tlem
ent
Go
od
s Q
& A
, A
mn
esty
In
tern
atio
nal
, p
.3,
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.am
nes
ty.o
rg.u
k/fi
les/
2017
-09/
BA
N%
20SE
TT
LE
ME
NT
%20
GO
OD
S%20
Q&
A%
20v2
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guid
e_0.
pd
f?V
8_0c
5_7Y
QxJ
qo
tYzD
AP
do
1cw
oW
zyIj
B=
;
Fea
stin
g o
n t
he
Occ
up
atio
n:
Ille
gali
ty o
f S
ettl
emen
t P
rod
uce
an
d t
he
Res
po
nsi
bil
ity
of
EU
Mem
ber
Sta
tes
un
der
Inte
rnat
ion
al
Law
, A
l-H
aq,
2013
, h
ttp
://w
ww
.alh
aq.o
rg/c
ach
ed_
up
load
s/d
ow
nlo
ad/a
lhaq
_fi
les/
pu
bli
cati
on
s/
Fea
stin
g-o
n-t
he-
occ
up
atio
n.p
df
381
Pas
sive
en
forc
emen
t, O
rigi
n o
f in
dic
atio
n o
f Is
rael
i se
ttle
men
t w
ines
on
sal
e in
th
e E
U,
12 N
ove
mb
er 2
019
(ad
van
ced
co
py)
, Eu
rop
ean
Mid
dle
Eas
t P
roje
ct, p
.1
382
Fo
od
stu
ffs
ori
gin
atin
g in
th
e te
rrit
ori
es o
ccu
pie
d b
y th
e St
ate
of
Isra
el m
ust
bea
r th
e in
dic
atio
n o
f th
eir
terr
ito
ry
of o
rigi
n, a
cco
mp
anie
d, w
her
e th
ose
foo
dst
uff
s co
me
fro
m a
n I
srae
li s
ettl
emen
t wit
hin
th
at te
rrit
ory
, by
the
ind
icat
ion
of
that
pro
ven
ance
, P
ress
Rel
ease
No
140
/19,
Co
urt
of
Just
ice
of
the
Eu
rop
ean
Un
ion
, 12
No
vem
ber
201
9, h
ttp
s://
curi
a.eu
rop
a.eu
/jcm
s/u
plo
ad/d
ocs
/ap
pli
cati
on
/pd
f/20
19-1
1/cp
1901
40en
.pd
f
383
Id
.
384
Leg
al C
on
seq
uen
ces
for
Stat
es o
f th
e C
on
tin
ued
Pre
sen
ce o
f S
ou
th A
fric
a in
Nam
ibia
(S
ou
th W
est
Afr
ica)
No
twit
hst
and
ing
Sec
uri
ty C
ou
nci
l R
eso
luti
on
276
(197
0), A
dvi
sory
Op
inio
n o
f 21
Ju
ne
1971
, In
tern
atio
nal
Co
urt
of
Just
ice,
par
a. 1
24; R
esp
on
sib
ilit
y o
f St
ates
fo
r In
tern
atio
nal
ly W
ron
gfu
l A
cts,
Art
icle
41(
2), 2
001,
htt
p:/
/leg
al.u
n.o
rg/
ilc/
text
s/in
stru
men
ts/e
ngl
ish
/dra
#_
arti
cles
/9_
6_20
01.p
df
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
81
80
VI
ad
ve
rse
hu
ma
n r
igh
ts i
mp
acts
.
CO
NC
LU
SIO
N A
ND
RE
CO
MM
EN
DA
TIO
NS
imp
ort
an
t ro
le i
n e
nsu
rin
g t
ha
t b
usi
ne
sse
s re
spe
ct
hu
ma
n r
igh
ts a
nd
un
de
rsta
nd
ru
les
of
IHL.
Guid
ance
for U
phol
ding
Hum
an R
ight
sBu
sines
s and
Huma
n Righ
ts in
Occu
pied T
errit
ory
AL-H
AQ
83
82
an
d h
um
an
rig
hts
co
urt
s, a
mo
ng
st o
the
r so
urc
es.
3.
the
ru
le o
f la
w i
n t
he
te
rrit
ory
.
4.
5.
a.
if
lan
d
an
d
na
tura
l re
sou
rce
s w
ill
be
u
sed
b
y
the
b
usi
ne
ss,
an
d
the
acce
ssib
ilit
y a
nd
co
ntr
ol
ove
r su
ch
re
sou
rce
s b
y t
he
pro
tecte
d
po
we
r, i
nclu
din
g b
y a
sse
ssin
g w
he
the
r co
ntr
act
pro
vis
ion
s th
at
lim
it t
he
7.
8.
for
hu
ma
n r
igh
ts,
ho
me
Sta
tes
sho
uld
:
c.
Eva
lua
te w
he
the
r th
e p
oli
cie
s a
re c
on
sist
en
t w
ith
ea
ch
oth
er.
3.
4.
De
sig
n a
pp
rop
ria
te r
esp
on
ses
to e
nsu
re a
cco
un
tab
ilit
y f
or
bu
sin
ess
es
wh
o
imp
act.
5.
En
sure
th
at
rele
va
nt
sta
te a
ge
ncie
s, e
mb
ass
ies,
an
d o
the
r g
ove
rnm
en
t
7.
85
8484
85
NOTES
NOTES
87
86
87
86
Occ
upyi
ng Je
rusa
lem
’s O
ld C
ity
Isra
eli P
olic
ies
of I
sola
tion
, Int
imid
atio
n a
nd
Tran
sfor
mat
ion
AL-H
AQ
AL-H
AQ
Isra
el’s
Ill
ega
l M
easu
res
to A
nn
ex
Jeru
sale
m S
ince
19
48
AN
NEX
ING
A C
ITY
Th
e A
nn
exat
ion
Wal
l
and
its
Ass
oci
ated
Reg
ime
An
nex
ing
a C
ity
Isra
el’s
Ille
gal M
easu
res
to A
nnex
Pale
stin
e’s C
apit
al Je
rusa
lem
Sin
ce 1
948
Occ
up
yin
g J
eru
sale
m’s
Old
Cit
y
Isra
eli P
olic
ies
of Is
olat
ion,
Inti
mid
atio
n
and
Tran
sfor
mat
ion
Eas
t Je
rusa
lem
Exp
loit
ing
Inst
abil
ity
to D
eepe
n th
e
Occ
upat
ion
87
86R
EA
D A
LS
O .
..
88
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