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Quem Ama Não Mata: Brazilian Feminicide andOdara’s Black Feminist LutaJair OballeSIT Study Abroad

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Recommended CitationOballe, Jair, "Quem Ama Não Mata: Brazilian Feminicide and Odara’s Black Feminist Luta" (2017). Independent Study Project (ISP)Collection. 2715.https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/2715

I

QuemAmaNãoMata:BrazilianFeminicideandOdara’sBlackFeministLuta

Oballe,JairAcademicDirector:Calhoun,Bill

ProjectAdvisor:Nascimento,ValdecirBrazil,Salvador,Pelorinho

DukeUniversity

SITBrazil:SocialInnovationandCommunityDevelopment|Fall2017

II

AbstractPage

ThisCommunityDevelopmentProjectpaperdiscussesmyworkwithOdara,ablack

feministorganizationwithinSalvador,Brazil.There,Ispentonemonthstudyingdifferentforms

ofgender-basedviolence,withaparticularfocusonfeminicide.Ialsoexaminedstateresponse

suchasLeiMariadaPenhaandLeidoFeminicídio,andhowthislegislationimpactedviolence

fromaqualitativeperspective.

MystudiesarecenteredaroundnewsarticlesIreadonvariousformsofviolencewithin

Bahia,whichwerethendevelopedintoadatabasethatcatalogueseachincidentbasedona

varietyofcategories.Additionally,Ireadalargeassortmentofbookstoestablishanacademic

backgroundinblackfeministtheoryandhistoricalviolenceagainstwomentocontextualizemy

work.Ihavealsoincludedreflectionsontwointerviewsofwomenthathavesufferedpartner-

basedviolence.

Alargeportionofmypapercontainsself-reflectionsofnotjustmyworkwithinOdara,

butlivingwithinSalvadorasaforeignerfromtheUnitedStates.Iassessmyprivilegeswithinthe

contextofmyworkanddailylife,andhowthesehaveshapedandinformedmyworldviews.

Finally,Ilooktowardsthefuture,andhowasaman,Icaninformandworkwithothermento

endthecyclesofviolencethathaveaffectedourwomenforfartoolong.

III

TableofContents

Introduction............................................................................................................................1

DefinitionofTerms.................................................................................................................7

LiteratureReview....................................................................................................................9

EngagementandMethods.....................................................................................................17

EthicalConsiderations...........................................................................................................22

CriticalSelf-Reflection...........................................................................................................25

Conclusions...........................................................................................................................34

References............................................................................................................................35

Appendix...............................................................................................................................36

IV

AcknowledgementsValdecirNascimento:Afterjustabriefconversation,yougraciouslyacceptedmeintoyourhomeandtheinstitutionyoufounded.Eachday,IlivedandlearnedalongsidethefoundationyoucreatedforallBlackwomenwithinSalvador,Bahia,andBrazilatlarge.Watchingandlisteningtoyourdevotionforsocialjusticehasbeenempowering,andIwillmissourdailytalksasmuchasourmeals.Ithasbeenanhonor.PaulinhaRosário:Fortheearlymorninghellos,latenightsingingonbusses,andmid-daymarchesthatwillalwaysremaininmymemory.YourtransparencytowardseveryaspectofyourlifemademefeelmorewelcomeandcomfortablethatIcouldeverexpress.Fromyourstruggles,pains,yourpresentsituation,andevenvisionsforthefuture.Ihavebeeninspiredandhumbledbyallthatyouare,andamincrediblyexcitedtoseewhereyourfuturetakesyou.NaiaraLeite:Yourbookrecommendationandtalkshelpedstructuremyprojectandconceptualizationsoffeminismanditsrelationtogender-basedviolenceimmensely.Thankyouforyourtripinvitations,fordrivingme,andalwaysmakingmelaugh.DanieleBitencourt:YourworkisthecrutchthatholdsOdaratogether!ThankyouforalwayscheckinginonmeandshowingmearoundPelorinho.ErikaFrancisca:Despitemybombardmentofquestions,youneverfaltered.Youalwayswentaboveandbeyondinexplanations,ensuringIunderstoodeverycriticalpieceofinformation.Yourwarm-heartednesswasalwaysastabilizingforce.AlaneReis:Forwelcomingmerightawayonourweekendretreattotheisland.Foryourwarmththroughoutthemonth,andavailabilitytotalkatanytime,aboutanytopic.MaisaVale:Foryourpatienceandexpansiveknowledgeonbothdomesticviolenceandthepublichealthsystem.ListeninginonyourprojectwithKeishaandyourpersonalanecdotesoflife’shardshipshavegivenmeincredibleinsighttootherformsofdiscriminationthatIwouldhaveneverlearnedotherwise.Odara:Forsettinganexampleastowhatanon-profit,socialjusticeorganizationisfullycapableof.Forgivingavoicetowomenthathavebeendisempoweredbyfartoolong,bytoomanyformsofstructuredoppression.Together,yougiveothershope.Ithasbeenablessingtocallmyselfpartoftheteamthispastmonth.Alutasempresegue!BillCalhoun:Foryour27yearsofthepurestformofpassionforeducationIhaveeverseen.Wealwaysspeakaboutdestiny,andIamexcitedtoseewhereyourstakesyou.Youdeservetheworldandmoremybrother.Ihavenothingbutloveandrespectforeverythingyoudo.OélitoBrandão:Fortalezamayhave2millionpeopleand1millionmotorcycles,butitonlyhas1personlikeyou.Fortheendlesslaughter,hugs,andinsights.Thankyou.

1

Introduction

ThispastmonthwithinSalvador,IworkedalongsideOdaratolearnaboutdifferent

formsofgender-basedviolencetowardswomen.Feminicideisthemostextremeexpressionof

thesevariousformsofviolence,soItailoredthemajorityofmystudytowardsthishorrific

phenomenon.However,theseformsofviolenceareallinformedbythesamesetsofstructural

oppressions,andmustbeunderstoodwithinthecontextsofeachother.Womenofcolor,and

particularlyBlackwomen,sufferthehighestratesoffeminicideacrossallstatesofBrazil.

Therefore,theyhavealwaysbeenonthefrontlinesofgrassrootsorganizing,politicalactivism,

andacademictheologiestocombattheselife-threateningissues.

Mygoalsduringthistimeweremultifaceted.Atthemostbasiclevel,Isoughttolearn

andunderstandtheconceptsoffeminicideingeneral.Whatiswas,howitmanifested,and

whatinformedit.Iwantedtoknowwhoweretheaggressors,andwhowerethevictims.Howit

wascarriedout,andhowfrequently.Allofthisinformationwasmadeavailablebythosewho

perceivedthisissueandstudieditlongbeforeme,soIlookedatwhothesepeopleand

movementswerewithinBrazil,andhowtheybroughtissueshappeninginfamilyhomesout

intothestreetsandthelimelight.Afterward,howtheirworkcontributedtonewpoliticalpolicy

suchasLeiMariadaPenhaandtheFeminicidelawofthisdecade.Finally,Iwantedtoseethe

impactsofthislegislationonFeminicidetoday,forthelegislationisfairlynewandconsistently

underattackafterthepolitical“golpe”twoyearsback.

2

Onfirstglance,thisissuehasmanylayersofseparationforme.Iamaforeigner,male,

higher-class,andWhitewithinBrazil,eventhoughIamLatinxandlow-middleclassbackhome.

Additionally,IhaveneverhadapersonalexperiencewithviolenceintheformsIhavestudied.

However,IamheavilyentangledwiththistopicbecauseofthepeopleIlove.Ihavefriendsand

familymemberswhohaveexperiencedvariousformsofgender-basedviolence,andalthoughI

havebeenabletolistenandcomfortthemasaconfident,Ihaveoftenbeenleftfeelinghelpless

totheseissuesthathaveweighedheavilyontheiremotionalhealth.

Theirexperienceshaveleftmecastingacriticaleyeonmyselfandmyplacewithinthis

issue.Iamleftwonderinghowasasociety,wehavesocializedmentobehaveinthisform

towardsthepeopletheysupposedlycareaboutthemost.Ithinkaboutthelackof

conversationsIhavehadwithfellowmenonhowtotreatothers.Oftentimes,weleaveitasan

assumptionthatwewilltreatotherswithrespect,withoutactuallydiscussingwhatrespectis.

Forthemenwhoidentifyandunderstandtheissue,wealsotrytoshyawayfromit;welistento

women’sstoriesandknowthatwecouldneverdosuchthings,subconsciouslypatting

ourselvesonthebackfornotbeingpartofthestatistic.Butnotbeingtheissueitselfdoesnot

pardonyoufromnotlearningaboutit,orwaysinwhichyoucancombatit.Infact,itisanactof

complacency,whichallowsthecycleofviolatetoperpetuate.Ihaveseenthiscomplacency

informpatriarchalmicrocosmsofsocietyallaroundme,suchastheuniversitywhereIstudy

andlive.

3

Lastyear,myuniversityconductedananonymoussurveytoseetheratesofwomenand

menthathadexperiencedanyformofsexualmisconduct.Forwomen,thefinalnumberwas2

in5.IwashorrifiedwhenIheardthatstatistic,especiallyafternoticingthataveragesrates

wereslightlyhigherforwomenofcolor.IknewtheprivilegesIhadasamaleinthiscontext

weremuchgreater,butInowgraspedwhymyfemalefriendsfeeldiscomforttravelingto

partiesorwalkingaroundatnightaloneataplacethatIperceiveasmysecondhome.Itmade

mewonderwhatlevelsofignoranceandprivilegewehavetocreatesuchanumber,andif

offendersareheldaccountableaftertheoffensetakesplace.

Additionally,oneofmypositionsatschoolinvolvesplanningorientationweek,and

trainingunderclassmenstudentstobecomecounselorsforfirst-yearstudentsduringthatweek.

Oneofthemostimportanteventstheuniversityholdsisanopendialogueonsexual

misconductandinstitutionalpolicy.Afterthegroupbrokedownbygender,Istayedwiththe

boy’sgrouptohearthequestionstheywouldaskourpresenters.Theirquestionsleftme

shocked:“howdrunkcanagirlbebeforeshecan’tgiveconsent?Ifwewerebothdrunkand

gaveconsent,canIstillbeaccusedofsexualassault?IfIseeagirlpassedoutonthesideofthe

street,shouldIstaywithherifI’malone?BecauseIdon’twantstrangerspassingbytointerpret

thesituationincorrectly.”Iwasleftbaffled.

IfindmyfellowclassmatesatDuketobesomeofthebrightestintellectualmindsIhave

evermet,butclearlytheseformsofthinkingarenotbeingcorrectlytranslatedintomoments

andformsofrationalthinkingthataremuchmoreimportant.Ourstudentsmaybebooksmart,

4

butwhenitcomestothepotentialharmtoanotherperson’smentalandphysicalhealth,we

arenotasprecautious.Andifstudentsarealreadyenteringwiththistypeofmindset,dowe

havethecapacitytochangetheirconceptualframeworkofdominationandownershipwithin

fouryears?Whataboutforthestudentsthatdecidedtoskipthistalk,andneverattendatalk

likethisagainwhileatschool?Willtheybeprovidedspaceslaterinlifethatcouldprevent

theseformsofharassmentorviolencefromcontinuing?

Withthis,IcameintoBrazilinterestedinthequestionofgenderviolenceinthe

universitysetting.ButafterafewconversationswithBillCalhoun,myprogramcoordinator,we

discussedincreasedratesoffeminicideafterthepassageofLeiMariadaPenha,whichsought

tocombatthatverysamecrime.Althoughbothtopicsareofhighimportance,mysenseof

urgencyshiftedtowardsthoseunabletoevenreceivesocialservicesandstartanewbecause

theyhadbeenmurdered.Thelongerittakesforthisissuetobeunderstood,discussed,and

combated,themorewomenwilldiewithintheirsacredspacesofhomeattheexpenseofthe

partnertheytrustthemost.

MynewtopicwasguidedbyJessica,ourprogramassistant,andJonahina,alawyer,to

visitandcontactdifferentorganizationsthatworkedonthequestionoffeminicide.Ourfirst

meetingsolidifiedmytopic,whichwouldlookatdifferentcausesofgender-violence,study

stateresponses,andtheeffectsonthesenewstateservicesandlawsonsociety.Thankfully,

manyscholarshadalreadystudiedtheaftereffectsofMariadaPenha,theirfocusonwhether

thelawwassuccessfullycombatingratesofgender-basedviolence.

5

MostorganizationswithinFortalezathatworkedonthistopicarehousedwithin

women’sshelters,andwewenttooneseveraltimestoreceivemoreinformation.Ourfirstvisit

wasanunannouncedvisit,andwewerestoppedrightaway.Asocialworkerinformedusthat

theirshelter’spoliciesdonotallowmentoenter,sowesetascheduledmeeting,requesting

specialaccess.Aftertwomeetingswiththeirworkers,wewereprovidedwithmanyreadings,

butwereinformedthattheorganizationwasshort-staffed,andcoupledwiththeirrules

towardsmenwithintheshelter,wouldbeunabletoreceiveme.

Iunderstoodtheirrulesrightaway;themomentsawomanentersashelterarevery

vulnerableandtheyrequiretimebeforetheycanlegallyconfronttheiraggressororutilizere-

integrativeservicesandmoveonfromtheincident.Myshorttimewithinthecentertaughtme

thatalthoughallyshipisimportant,itisneveruptotheallytodecidethetimeandplacethey

serveacommunity.Insomespaces,itissimplybetterforprofessionalsdotheirwork.

Irefusedtobedeterredmytopic,optingtotackleitfromadifferentperspectiveata

differentlocation.IthoughtbackonourinteractionswithDecolonialTheory,andthewaysin

whichitintersectedwithBlackFeminism.Bothschoolsofthoughtcombatontologicaland

teleologicalconceptionsofworldsystemsthatrequiresystematicsystemsofoppressionto

sustainthemselves.Thesethoughtprocessesgivevoicetosubjugatedpopulationsandoffer

alternativevisionsofliving,whichcouldprovidemewiththeframeworknecessaryto

deconstructandcomprehendfeminicide.Therefore,Iwasconnectedtoanorganizationsuchas

6

Odara,whoseincrediblework,coupledwithmylifeexperiencesinSalvador,couldhelpme

reachsomeconclusionsandopenupevenmorequestions.

7

DefinitionofTerms

CPMI:ComissãoParlamentarMistadeinquérito.ThiscommissioninvestigatedtheeffectivenessofLeiMariadaPenha,anddeterminedthatitwasinsufficientinpreventingfeminicides.Therefore,theyconceptualizedtheframeworkforLei13.104,LeidoFemicídio,andpresentedittoCongress.LeiMariadaPenha;Lei11.340:Thislawwascreatedafterdecadesoffeministactivism,andfouryearsofintensivepublicpolicymeetingstocreatelegislationthatcombatedviolenceagainstwomen.Definition(redacted):

EstaLeicriamecanismosparacoibirepreveniraviolênciadomésticaefamiliarcontraamulher.DispõesobreacriaçãodosJuizadosdeViolênciaDomésticaeFamiliarcontraaMulher;eestabelecemedidasdeassistênciaeproteçãoàsmulheresemsituaçãodeviolênciadomésticaefamiliar.Todamulher,independentementedeclasse,raça,etnia,orientaçãosexual,renda,cultura,níveleducacional,idadeereligião,gozadosdireitosfundamentaisinerentesàpessoahumana.

Feminicide:Theactoffeminicideissomethingasoldashumanityitself,thoughthetermanditsimplicationshaveonlybeencirculatingfor50years.ThefirstmentionoffeminicidecomesfromDianaRusselinBelgium,publishedintheInternationalTribunalofCrimesAgainstWomen(green52).Namingthispatternoffemalehomicidesgivesvisibilitytotheissue,andcontextualizesitwithinsociety’ssystematicoppressionofwomen.Sincethen,feminicidehasbeencarefullystudiedandmonitoredbyvarioussocialorganizationsandgovernmentsatnationalandinternationallevels.Feminicide’sdefinitioniscontestedandchangeddependingonitsuse.Whileallfeminicidesarehomicides,notallfemalehomicidesareclassifiedasfeminicides.WithinBrazil,thefeministmovementpresentedCongresswiththefollowingdefinition(redacted):

[…]formaextremadeviolênciadegêneroqueresultanamortedamulherquandohaumaoumaisdasseguitescircunstancias:I–relaçãointimadeafetoouparantescoII-práticadequalquiertipodeviolênciasexualcontraavítimaIII–mutilaçãooudesfiguração.

However,theapprovalperiodofCongressledtomodifications,resultinginthisdefinitionoftheLeidoFemicídio(redacted):

Mortedamulherporrazõesdacondiçãodesexofeminino.Considera-sequehárazõesdecondiçãodesexofemininoquandoocrimeenvolve:violênciadomésticaefamiliar;menosprezooudiscriminaçãoàcondiçãodemulher.

8

Gender-basedViolence:violencethatisdirectedagainstawomanbecausesheisawomanorthataffectswomendisproportionately.BlackFeminism:Aschoolofthoughtstatingthatsexism,classoppression,genderidentityandracismareinextricablyboundtogether.

9

LiteratureReview

DomesticViolenceattheintersectionRace,Class,andGenderNatalieSokolaff,IdaDupont

Thisreadingtalksabouttheintersectionalanalysisandframeworkthatisrequireswhen

understandingandaddressingthequestionofgender-basedviolence.Thearticleisinreference

totheUnitedStates,buttheoverarchingideasarehighlyapplicabletoBrazil.Sokolaffand

Dupontattempttounderstandthewaysinwhichracism,ethnocentrism,classprivilege,and

heterosexismintersectwithgenderviolenceandoppression.Thisworkishighlyimportant

becauseinthepast,whattheauthorsreferstoas‘womanbattering’washighlyuniversalized,

affectingthewaysinwhichtreatmentwasadministered.Additionally,theantiviolencefeminist

movementwashighlydominatedbymiddle-classwomen,whichcausedalargefailurein

addressingthemultipleoppressionsawomancanfacebasedonherotheridentityfactors.

Additionally,thewaysinwhichwomendefinegenderviolenceitselfdiffersbasedon

theirculturalvalues.Forexample,inmanyAsianculturestheactofthrowingwaterona

womaninincrediblyharmfultotheirmentalpsyche,foritindicatesthattheyareunholyand

requirecleansing.Stereotypesmayalsoplayintoalackofdesireinreportingabuse.Black

womenoftenfearperpetuatingtheideaofBlackmenasaggressors,whichcoupleswiththe

statisticthatBlackwomenarealsoabusedandmurderedathigherrates.(However,the

authorsshowthatsocio-economicfactorsplayahugeroleinthisstatistic;whensocio-

economicstatusisfixedinplace,racialdifferencesinratesofabuseandviolencedisappear.)

10

Clearly,there’snoone-size-fits-allwayofunderstandingviolence,andthereforeforms

ofinterventionandservicesforwomenmustalsoreflecttheirintersectionalidentities.Special

considerationsforjoblessness,homelessness,illiteracy,bilingualservices,andLGBTQ

acceptancearesomeofthedifferentwayssheltersandlegalhelpmustadapttoensurethe

continuedprotectionofabatteredwoman.Additionally,weneedtoconsiderrootcausesof

gender-basedviolenceoutsideofthehome,suchasformsofviolencedirectedatentire

communitiesintheformsofracializedsurveillanceandheightenedprisonsentencingforPOC

women,policebrutality,andclassisthousingdiscrimination.Thesefactorsareespecially

importantconsideringthesystem’sover-relianceonlawenforcementindealingwithcasesof

domesticviolence.Theincreaseinforceandmassincarcerationmaydomoretoharmthe

communitythanhelpit.

Finally,wemustrejecttheassociationwithbatteredwomenandhelplessness.Though

thesewomenareinavulnerableemotionalandphysicalstate,ifweprovidethemwith

sufficientresources,theyhavesufficientagencytobettertheirlivesinwhatevermeansthey

deemnecessary.

GeographiesofPower:BlackWomenMobilizingIntersectionalityinBrazilKeisha-KhanY.Perry Perry’sarticlearticulatesthecomplexitiesofBlackwoman’spoliticswithinGamboade

Baixo.Thecity’sdemographicsaremainlycomprisedofpoorBlackcommunitiesthatare

fightingurbandevelopersfromhighlycovetedcoastallands.Althoughoppositiontogentrified

developmentisofteninthehandsofBlackwomen,wholeadthemajorityofsocialmovements,

11

themajorityofstateinstitutionsdisregardandillegitimizethecontributionsofthesewomen

towardssocialjusticeinitiatives.

ThearticlestartsoutwithawomannamedDonaTelma,whofoundthatherhousing

rightswerebeingcontestedbyacompany.Afterrefusingtogiveupherhome,thecompany

calledthepoliceandalocalconstructioncrewtoteardownthehome.Themanbehindthe

bulldozerbecamesoupsetattheideaofdestroyingherhome,thatheultimatelywentagainst

ordersandletthehousestanding.Hebecamealocalheroforhisactions,whileDonaTelma’s

initialresistancewasleftunacknowledged.Othermediaincidentssuchasthesealsoportray

Gamboa’ssocialmovementsasspontaneousuprisings;anupsettingincidentoccursinthe

community,andsuddenlycommunitymembersrallyandreact.

IllustrationssuchastheseindicatetheerasureofBlackmassactivism,especiallywhen

theactivismisspearheadedbypoorBlackwomenwithinlocalcommunitiesoutsideof

governmentstructuressuchasNGOs.Thelackofmediarecognitionleadstotheideathat

communityresistanceisspontaneousandunusual,eventhoughithasbeencarefullycalculated

andcoordinatedinresponsetopoliceviolenceorillegallandclaimsbycoastallandswithin

Salvador.

Additionally,thereseemstobelittleoutsideempathyforresistancecreatedbypoor

BlackwomentoaidotherpoorBlackwomen.Theircollectivememoryandlegaldocumentation

ofthelandinwhichtheyliveisoftenignoredbylargebusinesseslookingforthenextcapital

12

gain.Ratherthanbeingseenasfellowactivists,Perrynotesthatsocietyplacesthemintheroles

ofdomesticworker,andthepreserverofAfro-Braziliancultureandreligioustradition.Since

theirsocietalrolesandjobsareundervalued,soaretheirpoliticalvoices.Despitethis,Perry

emphasizesthepushbackthatthesewomenaregiving,becausetheyknowradicalsocial

changeisnecessary,andnoneofthemarepassivelywaitingforittohappen.

ThefinalpointIstartedconsideringdoesnotmatchwiththerestofthisliterature

section,butithashelpedmeunderstandthewaythestatecapitalizesonambiguitieswithin

identity.WehaveanoverlycitedconceptthatracialidentitywithinBrazilisdifficulttodefine,

withabout135differentcategoriesofidentity.Yetwhenwelookatstatisticswithinpolice

brutality,forexample,thestatecaneasilyidentifywhichpopulationsareBlack.Byaccepting

theambiguouscategorizationofrace,wedriveourselvesfurtherawayfromunificationagainst

astateapparatusthatspecificallytargetsBlackpeopleinprojectsordeterritorializationand

genocide,regardlessofwhatracetheyperceivethemselvestobe.

UnderstandingGender-basedViolenceMicheleDecker,ElizabethMiller,SamanthaIllangasekare,JayGSilverman

Thisarticleprovidedageneraloverviewofgender-basedviolence.Thedatautilizedon

perpetratorsismainlyconfinedtoAfrica,thoughthereasonsforthisarenotexplicitlystated.

Basedonfindings,oneinthreewomenexperiencegender-basedviolence,andathirdoffemale

homicidesarecommittedbymalepartners.Historically,thisepidemichaslargelyfocusedon

victimforobviousreasons,consideringthey’reexperiencesrequireawiderangeofsupportin

termsofmentalandphysicalhealth,andlogisticalplanningintermsofhousingchanges,work

13

changes,etc.However,thisdoesnoteliminatetheriskfactorthatmeninthehouseholdpose,

soweneedtolookattheperpetrator’sbehaviorandmentalitiestoeliminatetherootcauseof

gender-basedviolence.

FromtheUNMulti-countryCross-sectionalStudyonMenandViolenceinAsiaandthe

PacificpresentedinTheLancetGlobalHealth,weseethatoverhalfofnon-partnerrape

perpetratorsfirstdosoduringadolescence,closelytiedtoyouthexposuretoviolenceinthe

perpetrator’sownhousehold.Otherfactorsincludesubstanceabuseanddepressionaslinks

thathelpusunderstandthatreasonswhyperpetratorsrape.Partnerviolenceandnon-partner

rapeoftencoincidedwithriskysexualbehavior,suchashavingseveralsexpartners.Thesexual

entitlementanddominancethatmenexhibitthroughsocialnormalizationarecitedaspossible

reasoning.

Toreduceandpreventgender-basedviolenceperpetration,weneedtoculturallyand

sociallyreinforceunderstanding,respect,andsafety.Youthprogramsthataddressgender

normsandinequitiesneedtobeimplementedaswell.Becausethisviolenceissowidespread,

supportservicesmuststillbeinplaceforsurvivors.

14

InformationaboutProjectandOrganization

OdaraInstituteofBlackWomenisablackfeministorganizationthataimstoraisethe

collectivewell-beingofmarginalizedBrazilianpopulationsbycombatingdiscrimination.They

seekincreasedinclusionindiscussionsonpoliticsandsocio-economicstatus,becauseBrazilian

societyhasbeenstructuredthroughracismandsexism,leadingtoaseriesofinequalitiessuch

as:diminishedsalaries,limitedaccesstohighereducation,sexualandreproductiverights

abuses,andlargeratesofunemployment.

ThesesocialissuesdisproportionatelyaffectBlackwomen,leadingtotheinceptionofan

organizationfoundedandrunbyBlackwomen,forBlackwomen.Atthecore,theirsingle

missionaimstoresolvetheviolencethatBlackwomenface.Thismissionisdividedintofour

largeworkinggroups:Healthcareandsexualrights,Violence,Communication,andEducation

andPoliticalFormation.Althoughprogramshaveinterconnections,compartmentalizingand

tacklingthesesocialissuesfromamultitudeofanglesprovidesmoretangiblesolutions.

Odaramembersarewellversedinallaspectsoftheorganization’swork,providing

additionalsupporttoworkinggroup’seffortswhenneeded.Mostmembersalsoattendevery

eventcreatedbyOdara,andmakeaconcertedefforttosupportpartnergroupsinthe

surroundinggeographicarea.Theyarepartofanexpansivenetworkofnonprofitorganizations

andgrassrootsmovements,andwillfrequentlyhostvisitorsfromallpartsofthestateandthe

country.

15

Inmytimethere,IattendedaUN-fundedlectureonthereproductiveramificationsof

Brazil’szikavirusoutbreak,andattendedameetingofsocialactivistsandpsychologists

developingstrategiestoattendtowomenandfamiliesthathavelosttheirchildrenfrompolice

violencethroughtheprojectMinhaMãeNãoDormeEnquantoEuNãoChegar(mymotherdoes

notsleepuntilIarrive[home]).Theprogramhasbeenimplementedoverthepasttwoyearsin

fourperipheryneighborhoodstore-thinkpoliciesandactionstowardssecurityanddrug

trafficking,andhowtheyhaverelatedtomass-killingsofBlackyouth.Italsoseekstodialogue

withotherpsychologists,universities,communitycentersandclinicsontheimpactsthatrace

andracismhasonthevulnerablesocialconditionsthatmothersandtheirchildrenfacenotonly

intheireverydaylives,butwithintheverysameservicesthatwerecreatedtoaidandprotect

them.

ThisworkinggroupoffersanexampleonhowOdaraoperates;theirexpansivesocial

networksallowthemtoconnectwithprofessionalsandacademicsinvariousdisciplinestothink

throughthevariousformsofviolenceaffectingtheBlackcommunity.Theyworkthrough

historicformsofoppression,acknowledginghowtheywerecreated,howtheypersist,andhow

theyaffectindividualstothisveryday.Then,theylookatwhatsocialprogramscouldaddress

theseissues.InthecaseofMinhaMãe,creatingspaceswheremothersofchildrenmurdered

throughthedrugtradecandiscusstheirissuesinsolidarity,andhowculturalandreligious

practicescanaidtheirhealingprocesses.

16

Odaradoesn’tjustworkwithlocalprojects.Startingin2012,theideaofanationwide

protestandmarchofBlackwomenwasproposedtoValdecir.Bytheendofthefollowingarea,

groupsthroughouttheNorthandNortheastofBrazilhadbegunorganizingandmarchingto

gaintractionandattentionfromotherregions.ByNovember18thof2015,50,000womenmet

inBrasiliatoprotestracism,andgenderandsocialinequality.Attheendofthemarch,the

groupwasmetbyPresidentDilmaRousseff,whoreceivedadocumenthighlightingtheissues

thesegroupshaddiscussedatlengthforthelastseveralyears.

Odara’smissionappearssingularonthesurface,buttheirgoalsandsolutionsare

multifacetedinnature.Bycombiningresourcesandknowledgewithgroupsandindividuals

throughoutthecountry,OdaraisabletotackleavarietyofsocialissuesaffectingBlackwomen

andtheBlackpopulationatlarge.

17

EngagementandMethods

Database[Appendix1]

ThelargestprojectIworkedonwasadatabasethatcompilesnewsarticlesonincidents

ofgender-basedviolencewithinthecountry.Whentheideawaspresentedtome,Paulinha

showedmeanexcelspreadsheetof60articlesfromBahiaandover1000articlesfromall27

states.IdecidedtofocusonthearticlesfromBahia,sincetheinformationdiscoveredinalocal

contextcouldbeaddressedmoredirectlybyOdara.Onebyone,Ireadthrougheacharticle,

takingnoteofreoccurringinformationbetweenarticlesandpublicationcompanies.From

there,Icreatedcategoriesbasedondemographicandgeographicinformation.Intotal,there

are8categories,asidefromthestate,newscompany,andpublicationdate.Theyare:

Weapon/Method(utilizedtocommitthecrime),Neighborhood,generationofvictim(child,

teenager,adultetc.),ageofaggressor,ageofvictim,dateofcrime,relationbetweenaggressor

andvictim,andadditionalinformation.

Afterpluggingthisinformationintorespectivecells,Isetupfiltersforeachcategory.

Therefore,youcangodowntherowlimitingselectionstopinpointarticlesthataidyour

individualinterests.Forexample,astabbingofachildinLiberdadebytheirfatherinDecember.

Thecategorieswereamixtureofbroadandspecificcriteria,toensureyoucouldendupwithas

manyoraslittlearticlesasyoudesired.Finally,theadditionalinformationcategoryincluded

snippetsofthenewsarticle,behavingasanabstracttolimitreadingbytheresearcher.Ialso

cameacrossseveralarticlesthatdidnotcoverspecificincidents,butratesofviolenceoverthe

year,whichIplacedintoadifferenttabwithintheexcelsheet.

18

Thedatabasewasafantasticprojecttoworkon;it’sanongoingefforttowhichanyone

cancontribute,andthemoreexpansiveitbecomes,themorepowerfulyoursearchescanbe.

Additionally,Excel’sversatilitycouldleadtographsorchartsbasedonthedatacollected,giving

visualrepresentationsofwhatneighborhoodsharborthemostcrimes,orwhatgenerationof

individualisthemostvulnerabletosexualassault.

Thisprojectwasalsoimmenselyhelpfulingainingimportantbackgroundknowledge

basedonreal-worldeventsinthecommunitiesaroundme,whilestrengtheningmyoverall

comprehensionofthePortugueselanguageandexpandingmyvocabularyinlegaltermsand

othertermsassociatedwiththislineofstudy.Theinformationheldinthesearticleswas

disgusting,shocking,anddisturbing.Whatwasnearlyjustasshocking,however,wasthe

informationexcludedfromeveryarticleIread:anymentionofrace.Iwilldeveloptheseideas

furtherinmyself-reflectionsection.

Interviews

WithinmytimeinSalvador,Iconductedtwointerviews.Thefirstwasofafounderof

theorganizationCalafate,MartaLiero.Theorganizationismadeupoflow-income,periphery

neighborhoodwomenthathostweeklyandmonthlymeetings,focusingontheheightened

levelsofgender-basedviolencethatexistwithintheirowncommunities.Theirsocialnetworkis

well-knownbythosethatlivearoundthem,andtheirofficeoffersacommunalspacewhere

womencanvoicetheirindividualcomplaints,andseekemotionalsupportfromexecutiveand

19

communitymembersthathavefacedthesametypesofissuesthemselves.Thisserviceis

critical,becausetheactualgovernmentservicesthatwerecreatedbylegislationsuchasMaria

dePenha,areoftensituatedinlargersectionsofthecityratherthantheperiphery,supposedly

togiveaccesstomorepeople.

Thisprovestobeverydifficult,becausethewomen’sshelter,hospital,legalservices,

andpsychologicalservicesarenothousedwithinthesamebuilding,butscatteredatdifferent

partsofthecity.Therefore,itrequiresalargeamountoftimeandefforttoreachtheseplaces,

takingcriticaltimeoffworkandspendingmoneyontransportation.Theseareluxuriesthat

manyofthesewomencannotafford.Additionally,eveniftheymanagetoutilizetheseservices,

therehavebeencontinuousreportsofmistreatmentfromserviceworkersduetodifferencesin

racialandsocialclasses.Therefore,althoughprofessionalhelpisencouraged,Calafatecan

provideaspaceforwomenthatneedimmediatehelp,withtheeyesandearsofwomenthat

understandtheirlocalcontextsandhowthoseinformstheirstrugglesandsituationsof

violence.

MyotherinterviewwaswithKalini*.Shegrewupinapoor,peripherycommunitywithin

Salvador,andby11yearsoldwasinvolvedwithinthedrugtradetoearnmoneyforherfamily.

At14,shefellinlovewithadrugtrafficker,whowastenyearsolderthanher.Despiteproper

treatmentatfirst,Kbegansufferingdifferentformsofabuseat15yearsold,tothepointwhere

therelationshiphadtoend.Shenotesthatthisiscommonwithintraffickingrelationships,

*Kalini’snamehasbeeneditedforprivacyandsecurity.

20

becausethemenaresocializedtoexertdominanceandauthoritywithinallaspectsoftheir

lives.Attemptsatburningherchildhoodhomeandseveraldeaththreatswithfirearmsensued,

forcingKtoseekshelteringandrehabilitativeservices.

Herpartnerwaswellknowninthecommunity,soherserviceshadtotakeherfaraway

fromherfamilyandlife,finallyacceptedintothesysteminMarch,threemonthsafterher

latestdeaththreat.Herprotectionprogram,whichwillgounnamedforsecurityreasons,forced

hertothrowawayallofheroldclothingandtakenopossessionswithher.Shevividly

remembersreceivinga200-pageentrancepacketofrules,disablinganyaccesstointernet,cell

phones,oreventheabilitytoleavethephysicalboundariesoftheshelter.Itwastherethatshe

realizedthatitwasher,thepersonwhonearlylostherlife,thatwasnowlosingallofherliberty

inthenameofprotection.Hernewhousingsituatedherwithcompletestrangers,allgoing

throughdifferentformsoftrauma.Andwhiletheprofessionalswereproperlytrainedwithin

academia,theylackedawarenessintheracialandsocio-economicdynamicsofthepopulations

theyweretryingtohelp.Theymadeherfeelburdensomeandunwelcome,andshewitnessed

manywomenattempttofleefromtheshelter.Meanwhile,shewasunabletocontactany

familymembersandfriendsaboutthethingsshewasgoingthroughforthefirst6months.

Ifyoubreaktheshelter’srulesthreetimes,youwillbesentbackhome,theveryplace

shereceivedherthreats.Thequestionthenbecomesoneoflifeordeath,andwhileshedidnot

wanttobethere,itwasheronlyoption.Whileotherfamilieshavethefinancialcapacitytopick

21

upandmovetoanotherlocation,herownfinancialstatusofferednootherrecoursebuttostay

inhidingfor4years.

Now,sheseesherselfassomeonetryingtotakeownershipofherlife,assomeonethat

workshardandaimsofenteringaUniversity.Yetotherdays,theweightofallthoseyearsstill

greatlyimpactsherpersonalhealth;afterall,ithasonlybeentwoyearssincesheleftthe

shelter,andwasplacedwithinaroleofadulthood,payingbillsandlookingafterherself.And

justasinallotherspaceswithinsociety,shestillnavigatestheworldasayoung,Black,

peripherywoman,whofightsthroughdailyformsofdiscrimination.

Duringthecourseofherinterview,Kalwaysexplainedherstorywithalookingforward

perspective,acknowledgingdespiteherimmensestruggles,shehasreceivedcertainblessings

aswell,forhavingaccesstotheseservicesandmakingitthroughtheprogram,living

independentlyinherownhomeinsteadofaroomwithfourstrangers.Hernextstepsinvolve

advancinghereducation,andprioritizingherpersonalmentalhealthwiththehelpofothers

insteadofdivingheadfirstintootheractivitiestokeephermindpreoccupied.Afterthe

interview,Icouldn’thelpbutgiveKanenormoushug,thankingherandwishingherthebestof

luckanywhereherlifetakesher.

22

EthicalConsiderations

PositionalitywasanincrediblylargecomponentofmyentireCDPproject,asIchosea

geographiclocationandtopicthatwereseparatelevelsofseparationfromthewaysinwhichI

identifymyself.EarlyoninBrazil,IlearnedthatsocietyviewsmeasWhite,whileintheUnited

StatesIhavealwaysgivenmyselfandbeengiventheethnicityofLatinx.Theskincolorand

physicalcharacteristicsthatdefinemebackhomedidnotapplyhereinBrazil.Atfirst,Itried

explainingmycase,butafterawhile,Idecidedthatitwasbesttoacceptwhatsociety

prescribedtome;ifIhadactuallylivedandnavigatedthesepast20yearsinBrazil,Iwouldhave

receivedalloftheprivilegesofwhiteness.Refutingthisformymonth-longprojectwouldhave

greatlyinhibitedmycapacitytolearn.

RacewastheidentityfactorIgrappledwiththemost,butwascertainlynottheonly

differencebetweenmyselfandthecommunityIwishedtolearnfrom.Iamalsomale,

heterosexual,fromastableeconomicbackground,afuturecollegegraduate,anddonot

practiceapersecutedreligion.Whilethesefactorsexistinothercitiesandstates,Salvador

containsoneofthelargestBlackpopulationsintheentiretyofBrazil,at80percent.An

impressiveamountoftheseindividualspracticeCandomble,andliveinfavelacommunities.In

essentiallyeveryspaceIinhabited,IknewIwouldfindfewotherindividualssuchasmyself,and

thatmybehaviorsandattitudesinthosespaceswouldbereflectiveuponnotjustmyself,but

otherprivilegedforeigners.IimaginethatthemajorityofforeignersthatBahiansencounter

aretourists,opposedtostudentsstudyingandworkingformarginalizedpopulations.Ialways

carriedmyselfwiththemostrespectIcould,treatingeachspaceasagenerousinvitation.

23

WhitemeninBrazil,justastheUnitedStates,arenotburdenedbyaplethoraofsocial

stereotypesthattypecasttheminanyformsofnegativelight.Theyarealwaysheldatthetop

ofsocietyintermsofbeautyandeducation,andhardlyeverfindthemselvesinpositionswhere

theyaredefendingfortheirlivesonthegroundsofidentitiesbecauseofnationalpoliticsand

policies.SittinginontheMihaMãemeetingquicklyshowedmethatthiswasnotthecasefor

Blackwomen.Blackperipherywomenareoftencastedas:domesticworkers,economic

resourcedrainers,andproducersofcriminality.Theyareblamedforinadequatelyraisingtheir

childrentowardsalifeoftrafficking,andperpetuatingtheviolenceandpovertythatexists

withinfavelacommunities.Hardlyeverarethesewomen’ssituationsunderstoodasaresultof

structuralinjusticesandgovernmentinadequacy.Thepowerdynamicsthatexistbetweenthese

twoidentitygroupswerealwaysinmymindduringmyinteractions,andItriedtodisplayin

bothactionsandwordsthatIdidnotsubscribetothenarrativesplaceduponBlackwomen.

Intheeventsandtalksattendedfocusedonwomen’shealthandviolence,Iwastheonly

(visiblyperceived)maleintheroom,andtheonlyWhiteindividualofanygenderexpression.In

thesespaces,Iknewthebestoptionwastoremainextremelyattentiveandquiet,forIwould

neverbeabletofullyunderstandandexperiencethelivedexperiencesoftheseindividuals,no

matterhowlongIdedicatedmyselftolearningabouttheirlivedrealities.Therearethingsthat

textsandacademiacannotteach,soIpushedmyselftolistentotheirtruthsasattentivelyasI

could,fortheirstoriesandinformationwouldgreatlyinformmypersonalstudy.

24

Thisbringsmetoanotherlargeethicaldilemma:studyinganotherindividualand

population’shistoryofcyclicalviolenceforapersonalprojectandcoursecredit.Whatdoesit

meantotakethesestoriesandinformation,thesemomentsofintensevulnerability,andre-

createitforanother’sconsumption?WouldeverythingItakewithmebeevenclosetothe

personalcontributionsIhavemadeforOdara?

Onthecontrary,hadInotbeenapartofthisprogram,Iwouldhaveneverendedupat

OdaraandSalvadorinthefirstplace.AndOdaradoesaim,afterall,toincreasepublic

awareness,strengtheningpoliticalvoice,andpromotingallyship.IwonderedwhyIhadbeen

acceptedintonotjustthepersonalworkspaceandactivitiesofOdara,butValdecir’shomeas

well.WhatdiditmeanforthisorganizationtotakeachanceonanAmericanforeignertheyhad

notmet,andhelpguidehimthroughaquestionaschargedandheavyasfeminicide?Theseare

allquestionsIamstillseekinganswersto.

25

CriticalSelf-Reflection

InitialMeetings

ThenightbeforeourfinaldayinSalvador,IsatnexttoBillandexpressedmysadness.I

wasincrediblygratefulforthechancetoferryouttoanislandandmeetupwithValdecirand

Odarastaff,butitmeantlosingadaywiththerestofmygroup,whoIwouldnotseefornearly

amonthastheyreturnedtoFortalezafortheirCDPs.Billremainedcalmthroughoutmy

explanation,andofferedmeanewperspectiveonthesituation.Tothinkaboutwhatitmeant

tobeinvitedwithinthepersonalspaceofValdecir’sislandhome,andtheopportunitiesIcould

unlockbyhavingmoretimewithpeopleintheorganization.“Thinkabouthowcomfortableand

establishedyouhavebecomeinthissetting,andhowlittletimeyouwillreceivewiththeOdara

women,”heexplained.Iknewhewasright.

Thenextmorningtookmethroughaseriesofubers,taxis,andaferry,finallyendingin

frontofVal’shome.WehadaquickmomenttocatchupbeforeIchangedclothesforthe

beach.Imainlysatbackandwatchedtheinteractionsbetweenthemembers.Evenontheir

retreat,theirconversationswereheavilycenteredoncontemporaryissuesaffectingBlack

women;Iquicklyrealizedthatforthem,workwithinthisrealmisn’tjustwork,itisreality.

RegardlessofwhethertheywereinOdaraornot,theirpersonallivesincludethesedaily

struggles.Theyhadsimplychosentodedicatetheir9to5’stocombatit.Afteracasualdayout,

wereturnedhomeandtheOdarawomenbegantoprepareadinnerforeveryone.

26

Themealwentwithoutanyissues,andaftereatingeverythingoffmyplate,Istoodup

tocutupamangooverthesink.Alanefollowedmeintothekitchenafteraminute,andasked

meifIwouldbereturningtothetable.IinformedherthatIwas,andshenodded,reminding

methatafterpeoplefinisheating,theyshouldtaketheirdishestowashinthesink.Ifelt

immediateanger,butkeptmyfacialexpressioncalm.IfeltasifIhadbeentreatedasachild

whodidn’tknowhowtocleanupafterthemselves,asifIhadneverbeentaughthowto

respectfullybehaveinsomeone’shome.Isawitasanattackonmypersonalcharacter.

ButthenItookastepbackandre-assessed,thinkingaboutthehistoricinteractions

betweenpeopleofcolorandWhitemen,andthecenturiesofforcedsubservienceinforming

present-dayinteractions,suchastheonethatoccurredatthatfirstdinner.Ithoughtbackto

whatBillsaid;theydon’tknowme,anditisaprivilegetobethere.Imadesuretothinkmore

criticallyofeverydecisionImade,eventhoseassmallasholdingontomyplate.

Theseverysamedynamicsmanifestedinadifferentwaywhenwewenttovisita

Candomblehouse.WhenIarrived,Itrailedbehindtheothers,observingthewayinwhich

individualswouldgreeteachotheranddoingthesame.Soonenough,Iwascalledoverbyone

ofthemembersofthehouse,awomannamedBárbara.Shewasseatedrightnexttothetable

offood,andinvitedmetograbaplate.Iservedmyselfabiteoffarinhaandabanana,carefulto

takesmallamountsdespitetheamountoffoodavailable,unsurehowmanyotherswouldbe

eatingfromtheselectionafterme.BárbarainsistedItakemore,playfullyjokingaround,andso

Idid.YetwhenIfinishedmysecondplate,shetoldmetotakeevenmore,whichIdeclined.She

27

thenaskedmetohavesomejuice,andwhenwenoticedtherewasnoneatthetable,she

startedcallingoutforsomeonetoserveandbringmejuice,andtotakeawaymyplate.I

declinedandthankedher,butsheinsistedIhavesome,andthenaskedanothermemberofthe

housewhyshehadonlybroughtacupinsteadoftheentirejar.

Istartedtofeelveryflusteredandembarrassed;toomuchattentionwasbeingcalledto

meandIdidn’twanttootherstoperceivemeassomeWhitemanthatneededtobeserveda

wholemealwhileseatedattheirtable.Nobodyelsemadeanycommenttowardstheincident,

soIwonderedifthisbehaviorwascustomarytowardsanyhouseguest.Someheightened

BrazilianhospitalitythatIwasinterpretingincorrectly.Onceweleftthehousehourslater,

NaiaraandAlanebegantotalkabouttheinteraction;theysaidtheywerequitesurprisedby

Bárbara’sbehavioraswell.

TheOdarawomenhadtakenotherpeopleasguestsinthepast,buthadneverseen

Bárbarareacttowardstheminthatway.Theysaidthattheothergueststheyhadinvitedwere

Blackwomen,andthatwasthereasonIhadreceiveddifferentialtreatment.Alaneequatedit

tothesamesituationthathadoccurredbetweenthetwoofusweeksprior,althoughInever

endedupaddressingitwithher.HerexplanationwasthatBlackwomenhavebeensocialized

andnormalizedtoservetheneedsofWhitemen.However,IhavelearnedthatCandomble

housesarespacesofsurvivalandcommunity,wheremembersdiscusstheirhistorical

persecutionandthewaysinwhichtheirspiritualityandreligionhealandfixtheworld’sills.I

28

refusedtobelievethatthesocializationofservitudeevenpermeatedwithinthesesacred

spaces,thoughIcouldneverknowforsure.

TheBusStop

MytensestmomentduringmyentirestayinSalvadorcameduringoneofmymorning

commutes.Itookthebusnearlyeveryday,andhadbecomeincrediblyfamiliarwiththeroute,

puttinginheadphonesandrelaxinguntilmystop.However,onedaywehitahugestopin

traffic,duetosomepartialblockadeoftheroadbythemilitaryPolice.Oncethebusarrivedat

thefrontoftheline,anofficerflaggedthebusovertotheside.Twoofficersboardedatthe

frontandback,wishingusagoodmorningandcallingallmentoexitthebus,havingthe

womenstayputintheirseats.Iwasthelastonetodisembark,andjoinedtheothers,pressed

upagainstthebuswithmyhandsup.Eitherfiveorsixofficerswerewatchinganotherfriskand

searchthegrouponebyone,astheywaitedwithriflesinhand.

Oncetheofficerreachedme,heaskedmetoputmyhandsupovermyhead.Then,he

toldmetotakeoffmybackpack.“Vireasmãos,”heordered,butIdidnotunderstandwhathe

wantedmetodowiththoseinstructions.Herepeateditagain,andanotherofficerthatwas

watchingonbegansayingthesamething.Iwasconcerned,soIslowlyswiveledmyheadback

andinformedthemthatIwasaforeignerlearningPortuguese,soIwashavingtrouble

understandingwhattheywanted.Theofficergrewmuchcalmerafterthis,andmadea

halfheartedeffortatcheckingmybackpack,takingasmallpeekinbeforeheletmego.Weall

boardedthebusaminutelater,andwereonourway.

29

IbroughtthisuptotheOdarawomenuponarrival,andtheytoldmethatIhadjust

gonethroughabusstopsetupbetweenthegovernmentandtheMilitaryPoliceinorderto

apprehenddrugandarmstraffickersthattakepublictransport.Iwasquiteshocked,not

becausethestopsexisted,butbecausewhatIhadjustexperiencedwasinfactoneofthestops.

IlookedbackatthevariousnewsarticlesandvideosIhadincludedinthedatabaseonthese

stops.Inoneofthevideos,amanwasslammedagainstthebusandhandcuffed,andanother

womanwasdraggedbyherhairandslappedbytwoofficersforyelling.Iknewthatastopsuch

asthiswouldnothavehappenedonmybus;itwaspickingupanddroppingoffinwealthier

partsofthecity,andthemajorityofpassengerswereWhite,anddressedinbusinessoutfits.

ThevideosIhadfoundallinvolvedperipheryneighborhoodswithBlackcommunities.OnceI

theylearnedIwasaforeigner,Iwasnolongerperceivedasapossiblethreat.Myprivileges

wereatplayonceagain.

TheParade

November20thinBrazilisDíadaConscienciaNegra,andiscelebratedasaholidayin

manystates.Bahiaisnotincluded,duetothelargenumberofChristianholidaysalready

includedintheworkcalendar.Regardless,manyneighborhoodshaveBlackpopulationsof90

percentorhigher,andsimplyshutdownthecityanywaystocelebratetheirheritage.Itraveled

toLiberdadewithPaulinha,andmetupwithtwootherstudentsworkingatIlêAiyê.We

marchedfrom15hoursuntil19hours,dancingandchantingwiththedrumsandsingersall

aroundus.Itwasabeautifuldisplayofculture,withthelargestavenueintheneighborhood

30

closingdownandmakingwayforthemainparadetruck,showcasingsingersandchanterson

topofapodium.

Despitetheenormousamountofpeoplethatshowedup,theparadewasincredibly

peaceful;everyonewastheretohaveagoodtime,andthecamaraderiewashighlyevident.It

seemsthatpastparadeshavealsogonequitesmoothly,forIonlycounted6MilitaryPolice

duringtheentirewalk,restingagainstawallatease.IthoughtaboutthenarrativesofviolenceI

hadheardfromlocalsinSalvador.Theuberdriversthatwouldnotdropmeoffacrossthe

avenuefrommyapartmentbuilding,becausetheyworriedwhatwouldhappeninthe3

minutesitwouldtakeformetowalkinside.Yetmypersonalresearchhasincludedplacessuch

asLiberdade,andthesenarrativesofdangerandcriminalityexistedintheselocationsbecause

thedrugtradeexists,andaffectsmanyofthepeoplewithwhomImarched.Iknewtherewere

truthstoeachside,thattheLiberdadeIwasseeingcontainedbothbeautyandheartbreak,

celebrationandgrief.Onthisday,however,Iwassimplyhappytobethere.“Istoéumafesta,”

thespeakerannounced,“maséumafestadaresistência!”Andtogether,weresisted.

DailyLife

LivingwithValdecirdaybydaywasanincredibleexperience.EverydayIwouldwakeup,

unsureofwhereVal’sactivitieswouldbringhernext.Alectureatalocaluniversity,ameeting

inanothercity,aseriesoferrandsbeforework,orourfinalgoodbyebeforeherconferencein

RiodeJaneiro.Wewouldwakeupandthenendeachdaymakingmealstogether,andtalk

aboutlifeintheUnitedStatesandBrazil,andwhereourprojectswereheading.

31

Itriedhelpingaroundthehomewhereverpossiblebycleaning,cooking,andshopping

withVal.WereachedapointofcomfortwhereI’dforgetthatmystaywastemporary;coming

hometoourapartmentafteralongday’sworkbecameahugerelief.Thereweremoments,

however,whereI’dberemindedthatwasavisitor.Wheneverwewentgroceryshopping,

onlookerswouldbeconfusedwithourrelationship.Valaskingmetograbbagsandvegetables

asIpushedaroundourcartcausedquiteafewheadstoturn.Whenworkerswouldcometo

leavewaterjugsatherhome,orotherapartmentresidentsstoppedby,Icouldseethe

momentaryshockontheirfaces.OnewomanevencalledValtonotifyherthattherewassome

maninherhome,eventhoughIalreadyexplainedtoherwhoIwasandwhyIwasthere.

MyPersonalProject

Mymostcriticalmomentsofself-reflectionoccurredasIlearnedaboutmytopic.Some

ofthestoriesIreadleftmeangered,bitter,anddisgusted.Ialsofeltashamedtoseesimilarities

betweenmyselfandtheseaggressors.Howmyfellowmencansubscribetoideasofabsolute

dominanceandcontrol,andextendtheirjealousyorangerormentalissuesintheformsof

physicalviolencelaidoutbeforemeinarticlesandtexts.Howtheiractionscouldcreatethe

statisticsthatleaveBrazilwiththe5thhighestrateoffeminicide:4.8deathsforevery100,000

people.IfelthelplessasIreadaboutthedecadeoffeministprotestsandmarchesfinallycreate

legislationtargetinggender-basedviolence,onlytoseethattheratesofBlackwomendying

haveincreasedoveraten-yearperiod.Thattheverylawscombatingviolencere-victimized

somewomenbecauseprofessionalswerenottrainedtointeractwithcertainpopulations.That

32

theservicesthatdidworkwereseeingenormousbudgetcutsandreductionsunderthenew

presidency,withlittlehopeforchangeunderthenewcandidatesintheupcomingcycle.

Tobehonest,Iwonderedhowwomencouldstillputsomuchtrustandloveintotheir

partners,howmorepeopledidnotliveinparanoia.Ichokedupatthestoryofagirlwhowas

rapedoverthecourseoftwoyearsbyherfatherafterhiswifepassedaway,onlystoppingonce

hefoundanewpartner.Oncethegirlranawayandreportedtheincident,themanwasnot

sentencedtoprison,becausethejuryruledthatthefather“posednorisk”towardshis

daughtersinceshehadchangedherlivingspace.Orafirefighterwalkingintoaschoolwherehis

wifeworkedandshootingherdowninbetweenclasses.Theyhada1-year-olddaughter

together.OrAmandaBueno,whosepastasanightclubdancerreceivedmoreattentionbythe

mediathanherownmurder.Thedefense’sstoryreflecteduponherlowmoralcharacter,and

howherfiancéhadsimplyactedinasinglemomentofjealousyandragewhenhehad

discoveredherworkhistory.Amomentthatsomehowinvolved12blowstothehead,and

shotstotheheadandbackutilizingavarietyoffirearms,allcapturedoncamerathroughtheir

securitysystem.Hereceivedonly40yearsinprisonforthemurderofhis29-year-oldfiancé

(DéborahandSanematsu25).

Sometimes,thetextinfrontofmewasincrediblydifficulttoworkwith.Iwouldfinishit

andsilentlyprocesswhatIhadjustread.ButIchosethistopictobeemotionallyand

intellectuallychallenged,tounderstandaconceptthatneedstobesolved.Ilookedbackatmy

ownpast,andthoughtaboutanymomentsinwhichIhadmadewomenfeeluncomfortablein

33

anyway.Ilookedatthefuture,andhowwecouldeducategenerationsofmenonwhatrespect

andlovelookslike,andhowtoseekservicesthatcouldanalyzetheirpropensitytowards

violence.Attheendofallthis,Ilearnedwaysinwhichsociety’sconstructionofmanhoodhave

beentaintedwithmachismoandotherpatriarchalideas,butalsohowlearningaboutitseffects

couldbesosobering,andsoeffectiveinself-critiquingone’sactions.Lookingforward,Iwill

alwaysseektodialogueandinformmyfellowmenabouteverythingIhavelearned,andwhat

stepswecantakeasacollectivetoshowwomentherespectthattheydeserve.

34

Conclusions

UndergoingthisCommunityDevelopmentProjectwasatransformativeexperiencefor

myself.Itallowedmetoreflectonmypositionality,andwhatitmeanttobemyselfinthe

contextofmyorganizationandproject.Treatingmyworknotasresearch,butanauto-

ethnographyand‘conviviencia’shiftedmystudiesfromtheusualpitfallsofacademia,where

communitiesaretreatedassubjectswithinaneocolonialframework.Despitethisheightened

awareness,mistakesarealwaysmadethroughouttheexperience.IfeelgratefulknowingthatI

couldproducemultiplecontributionsformyorganization,andtheyinturnhavesentmeona

journeyIwillcontinue,whetherinmystudiesormydailylife.Myworldviewshavebeenshifted

andre-arrangedforthebetter.

35

ReferencesBrazão,Analba.ViolênciaContraasMulheres.SOSCorpo,2016.Decker,M.R.,Miller,E.,Illangasekare,S.,&Silverman,J.G.(2013).Understandinggender-basedviolenceperpetrationtocreateasaferfutureforwomenandgirls.TheLancetGlobalHealth,1(4).“LeiMariadaPenha-Lei11340/06|Leinº11.340,de7deagostode2006,PresidênciadaRepublica.”Jusbrasil,presrepublica.jusbrasil.com.br/legislacao/95552/lei-maria-da-penha-lei-11340-06.“Matrizes.”InstitutoOdara,institutoodara.org.br/matrizes/.Perry,Keisha-KhanY.“GeographiesofPower:BlackWomenMobilizingIntersectionalityinBrazil.”Meridians,vol.14,no.1,2016,p.94.,doi:10.2979/meridians.14.1.08.Prado,Débora,andMarissaSanematsu.Feminicídio#InvisibilidadeMata.InstitutoPatríciaGalvão,2017.Sokoloff,Natalie,andIdaDupont.DomesticViolenceattheIntersectionsofRace,Class,andGender:ChallengesandContributionstoUnderstandingViolenceAgainstMarginalizedWomeninDiverseCommunities.SAGEPublicationsInc.

36

Appendices

EstadoCompania

LinkFecha de Publicação

Arma/ MétodoBairro

Geração da VitimaIdade do Agresor

Idade da VitimaData da Ocorência

Relação com VitimaOtra Informação

BACorreio24

http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/adolescente-de-17-anos-e-morta-a-pauladas-no-largo-do-tanque-1/?cHash=110f6d80b95c396b89cd43ef6ea9d2988/11/12

Arma BrancaLargo do Tanque

Adolescente-

17N/A

Foi morta com golpes de um pedaço de madeira em diversas partes do corpo. Também havia indícios de violência sexual. Não há mais informações sobre a autoria e motivação do crime.

BAG1

http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/01/mulher-e-morta-pelo-marido-dentro-de-casa-no-bairro-de-paripe.html4/1/16

Arma BrancaParipe

69Esposo

Posiblemente utilizou uma pá in hiding

BAG1

http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/01/mulher-e-morta-e-filho-ferido-durante-atentado-na-ba-ex-marido-e-suspeito.html12/1/16

Arma de FogoNovo Horizonte

Adulta-

4011/1/16

Ex-MaridoJustiça já tinha determinado que ele não se aproximasse da vítima depois de violência domestica, ameaça de morte.

BAG1

http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/02/mulher-e-morta-tiros-dentro-de-casa-na-ba-e-marido-e-o-principal-suspeito.html15/2/2016

Arma de FogoEdgar Trancoso

Jovem52

29N/A

Têm dois filhos, idades 7 e 10.

BAG1

http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/02/homem-tenta-matar-esposa-por-ciumes-e-atinge-amante-diz-policia.html28/2/2016

Lei Esto

BAG1

http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/03/mulher-e-achada-morta-em-casa-na-ba-marido-e-suspeito-diz-policia.html12/3/16

EstangulaçãoNova Califórnia

Adulta-

38N/A

Estrangulada

BAG1

http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/03/homem-e-preso-sob-suspeita-de-estuprar-colega-de-escola-da-filha.html24/3/2016

EstuproIbicaraí

Criança36

10Colega da Filha

Estupro, ameaça sem ela conta a alguêm.

BAG1

http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/03/homem-e-preso-por-estuprar-e-filmar-abuso-contra-enteada-no-oeste-da-ba.html28/3/2016

EstuproLuís Eduardo Magalhães

Adolescente-

13Filha

Estupro, gravação do crime foi enviado a outras pessoas

BAG1

http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/04/homem-e-preso-por-espancar-mulher-e-obrigar-crianca-comer-fezes-na-ba.html21/4/2016

TorturaConcição do Jacuípe

Varias27

17/4/2016Namorado

Torturou e mantuvou em cárcere a mulher e os dois filhos dela.

BAG1

http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/05/mulher-tem-95-do-corpo-queimado-pelo-ex-marido-e-morre-em-barreiras.html5/5/16

IncêndioBarreiras

Adulta-

4024/4/16

Ex-MaridoCasados por 20 anos, teveram quatro filhos juntos.

BAG1

http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/05/mulher-e-esfaqueada-na-ba-e-marido-e-suspeito-de-cometer-o-crime-diz-pm.html11/5/16

EsfaqueamentoConceição do Coité

Adulta-

5111/11/16

MaridoNenhum

BACorreio24

http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/major-diz-que-matou-mulher-dentro-de-escola-em-castelo-branco-por-ciumes/?cHash=afc52f2fe637dcce431defcf5bee961e13/5/2016

Arma de FogoCastelo Branco

Adulta45

4013/5/2016

MaridoSubcomandante do 3º Grupamento de Bombeiros Militar foi autuado em flagrante por homicídio. Os dois estavam casados há 21 anos e tinham uma filha adolescente. Ele alegou como motivação para o crime ciúmes, afirmando que desconfiava de uma traição da mulher.

BAG1

http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/06/homem-e-preso-suspeito-de-estuprar-sobrinha-de-9-anos-na-bahia.html7/6/16

EstuproGuanambi

Criança36

94/7/16

SobrinhaHomen apresentou documentos do irmão dele. Os mesmos documentos já haviam usados por 13 anos, foi preso por um homicídio.

BAG1

http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/06/homem-e-preso-suspeito-de-estupro-contra-filha-da-namorada-na-bahia.html8/6/16

EstuproGongogi

Criança38

12-

Filha da NamoradaNenhum

BAG1

http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/06/garota-acusa-pai-guarda-municipal-de-estupros-apos-morte-da-mae-na-bahia.html9/6/16

EstuproFeira da Santana

Adolescente57

15Varias

FilhaAbusos ocorreram quando ela tinha entre 12 e 14 anos, após a mãe morrer. A menina, no entanto, era muito maltratada e decidiu fugir de casa. Jutiça decidou que pai não está correndo resco a filha porque ela saiou de casa, então não vai a prisão.

BAG1

http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/06/suspeito-de-estuprar-enteada-de-12-anos-e-preso-em-vitoria-da-conquista.html10/6/16

EstuproVitória da Conquista

Adolescente33

12Varias

Nenhuma RelaçãoEstupros aconteciam há mais de um ano. A adolescente engravidou e, com dezesseis semanas, aproximadamente, ela abortou. Em depoimento, o homem assumiu o crime e ainda confessou o assassinato de um pedreiro.

BAG1

http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/06/cigano-e-suspeito-de-matar-mulher-na-frente-do-filho-no-dia-dos-namorados.html15/6/2016

Arma de FogoRiacho de Santana

Adulta53

4612/6/16

EsposoTiro de espingarda em frente de dois filhos, estava bebido. Têm quatro filhos juntos. Homen fugiu a pé.

BACorreio24

http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/mulher-e-baleada-durante-tiroteio-entre-bandidos-e-pms-em-sao-caetano/?cHash=52be9c189acbacb765de3177267be37316/6/2016

Arma de FogoSão Ceatano

JovemVarios

2815/9/2016

N/AFoi baleada durante tiroteio entre bandidos e policiais. Três homens foram mortos por policiais.

BAG1

http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/06/suspeito-de-estuprar-enteada-de-6-anos-se-entrega-policia-na-bahia.html21/6/2016

EstuproAreia Fina/ Laje

Criança30

6Varias

PadrastoHomen estuprou filho, mãe também foi presa por ter sido conivente com o crime

BAG1

http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/07/noivo-de-professora-morta-facadas-na-bahia-e-preso-diz-delegado.html6/7/16

Arma BrancaRiachão do Jacuípe

Adulta29

356/6/16

NoivoA professora Ienata Pedreira Rios foi encontrada morta dentro de casa, vítima tinha ferimentos de faca pelo corpo. As investigações do crime contra a professora de inglês Ienata Pedreira Rios apontam a crueldade do assassino.

BAG1

http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/07/adolescente-de-15-anos-e-morta-pelo-namorado-apos-briga-diz-policia.html18/7/2016

Arma de FogoBandeirantes/ Itabela

Adolescente29

1517/7/2016

NamoradoA arma utilizada no crime foi um revólver tipo "garruncha". De acordo com a polícia, a adolescente perdeu, há dois meses, um filho que esperava do namorado. A garota queria terminar o relacionamento, mas o homem não aceitava.

BACorreio24

http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/duas-mulheres-sao-assassinadas-na-liberdade/?cHash=a92032f52669eeb7577c2c1dd14c02512/8/16

Arma de FogoLiberdade

Adulta-

-2/8/16

N/ADois mulheres foram encontrada na mesma rua, baleadas diversas vezes em diferentes partes do corpo. Moradores acionaram os policiais depois de ouvir tiros na região.

BACorreio24

http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/homens-invadem-casa-no-cabula-amarram-e-amordacam-mulher/?cHash=b24d60d14e41b442be3d0f06ff0df0975/8/16

TorturaCabula

Adulta-

414/8/16

N/AUma mulher foi encontrada pela filha amarrada e amordaçada dentro de sua própria casa. Dois homens invadiram sua casa. Ela acreditava que os homens eram os mesmos que a assaltaram no mesmo dia, só que mais cedo.

BA Correio24

http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/mulher-e-morta-e-jovem-fica-ferido-em-ataque-no-iapi/?cHash=280545099b5cf5c0b62d386983cf9f5319/8/2016

Arma de FogoIAPI

Adolescente-

2119/8/2016

N/AUma mulher ainda não identificada e Alexandro Oliveira Santos, de 21 anos, foram baleados. Mulher não resistiu, estado de saúde de Alexandro não foi divulgado.

BACorreio24

http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/vizinha-esfaqueia-mulher-no-rosto-em-sussuarana-velha/?cHash=64bd66d60d531808ad2797b5dec52b9a1/9/16

EsfaqueamentoSussuarana Velha

Adolescente-

211/9/16

VizinihaEsfaqueada por uma vizinha durante uma discussão. Estado de saúde da jovem não foi divulgado. Autora do crime não foi localizada.

BACorreio24

http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/mulher-de-28-anos-e-esfaqueada-pelo-irmao-adolescente-em-castelo-branco/?cHash=91d815eb38f0d1f192fbacdc5fc4f4d62/9/16

Arma BrancaCastelo Branco

Jovem17

282/9/16

IrmãoEsfaqueada. Não se save o que motivo a briga. foi informado à Delegacia do Adolescente Infrator (DAI), por envolver um menor de idade.

BACorreio24

http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/mulher-e-morta-com-diversos-tiros-em-praca-de-sao-cristovao/?cHash=010d4e8b33cbda5b3119aeaf724c276e4/9/16

Arma de FogoSão Cristóvão

Jovem29

3/9/16Não há informações sobre as circunstâncias do crime, nem sobre autoria e motivação. Diversos disparos de arma de fogo, atingida por tiros no tórax, cabeça e abdômen.

BACorreio24

http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/mulher-e-morta-durante-assalto-na-vasco-da-gama/?cHash=1da68c45fa919ac924cb35ef1c9606e511/9/16

Arma de FogoVasco da Gama

Adulta-

3210/9/16

N/AMulher foi morta durante um assalto, estava acompanhada do filho. Homem armado levou o celular da vítima e atirou no tórax dela.

BACorreio24

http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/mulher-e-morta-a-tiros-na-ribeira-em-salvador/?cHash=1cf3012483b3b07529b6cf8efd66ad9919/9/2016

Arma de FogoRiberia

Adulta-

-19/9/2016

N/ANão há informações sobre a identidade da vítima, nem a motivação do crime.

BACorreio24

http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/diarista-foi-morta-na-frente-de-filha-de-um-ano-e-dez-meses/?cHash=8be742f4cdc48769f2f47cafff09aad13/10/16

Arma de FogoBoca do Rio

Jovem23

253/10/16

MaridoFilho viu a morte de sua mãe pelo marido. Comprou revólver quando trabalhava para a facção Caveria. Saiu de casa depois do assasinato, deivou o filho na casa. Marido disse que ela cometeu suicídio, e negou ser dono da arma e ter envolvimento com o tráfico.

BACorreio24

http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/corpo-de-mulher-e-encontrado-em-cova-rasa-na-nova-constituinte/?cHash=e317cf90ce2337085af1cfaef51d761315/10/2016

Arma de FogoNova Constituinte

JovemVarias

2114/10/2016

N/AMulher amarrado e arrastada pelo grupo de cinco homens armados. Assasinada por arma de fogo. Polícia encontrou a ela em uma cova rasa numa quintal.

BACorreio24

http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/ele-vai-ser-pego-e-vai-pagar-por-tudo-eu-to-acabada-diz-operadora-atacada-por-maniaco-da-seringa/?cHash=4ef492d6679e068a91e4053562bf32b220/10/2016

Arma BrancaSantos Pires

Adulta-

41Nenhuma Relação

Um homen colocou uma seringa, mulher têm dores e uma perna dormente. Medicação que consumiu foi forte: "Dá tontura, vômito."

BACorreio24

http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/mulher-agredida-por-guardas-municipais-nao-registrou-queixa/?cHash=3c1e7d7abcc0494d5f44285b92b074764/11/16

BaterCampo Grande

AdultaVarias

-2/11/16

Nenhuma RelaçãoDois guardas municipais tapam mulher durante abordagem do ônibus. Guardas foram afastados do cardo, sendo investigados.

BACorreio24

http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/juiza-nega-prisao-domiciliar-e-transfere-bombeiro-que-matou-esposa-para-a-mata-escura/?cHash=ab80df5ab432584b8cce7a4d5e2fe9dc7/11/16

Arma de FogoMata Escura

Adulta45

4013/5/2016

EsposoMata a tiros esposa na escola onde ela trabalhava. Defesa é que têm problemas de saude mental, e que o Batalhão da Polícia de Choque seja melhor para abrigar-lhe. Juíza determinou que seja transferido a o COP, não é necesario transferir-lo para um Hospital de Tratamento.

BACorreio24

http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/justica-decide-manter-preso-mecanico-condenado-por-estupro-de-enteada/?cHash=4bafd86e38722e0cfad457c0a39fb6429/11/16

Estupro-

Adolescente47

20Maio 2016

PadrastroMecânico condenado a dez anos de prisão por estupro, vai continuar preso. Denúncia original foi da enteada dele por ser abusido umas quantas veces. Padrastro pediu revisão do caso, alegando que seu pai biológico a obrigou a inventar a mentira.

BACorreio24

http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/bahia/noticia/acusado-de-matar-ex-em-cidade-nova-e-preso-em-maragogipe/?cHash=4313d279c0d3e0df3a06449f4550dbf521/11/2016

Arma de FogoCidade Nova

Jovem33

2810/11/16

Ex NamoradoHebert e Isaneide namoraram por três anos, mas há três meses o relacionamento acabou. Ele não aceitava o término do namoro, ela foi baleada duas vezes, na cabeça e no braço.

BACorreio24

http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/mulher-e-baleada-oito-vezes-dentro-de-delicatessen-em-pernambues/?cHash=de1dcbc042ff2bfe1889b7f70124243120/12/2016

Arma de FogoPernambués

Adulta-

4119/12/2016

N/AFoi baleada oito vezes, homen armado com pistola ponto 40. Criminoso não foi localizado.

BAG1

http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/12/sargento-atirou-em-4-mulheres-apos-filho-se-envolver-em-briga-na-bahia.html27/12/2016

Arma de FogoVera Cruz

Adultas49

Varias27/12/2016

VizinhoFoi motivado por uma briga entre o filho do sargento aposentado da Polícia Militar. Após matar duas vizinhas e ferir outras duas, o sargento, que tinha 49 anos, foi morto pelo filho dentro de casa. O rapaz, que tinha 27 anos, se matou em seguida.

BACorreio24

http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/mulher-e-retirada-pelos-cabelos-de-casa-e-morta-a-tiros-em-cajazeiras/?cHash=4bc068557f945994fc454c6087398bf227/12/2016

Arma de FogoCajazeiras

AdultaVarias

451/1/17

N/ATorturada e assassinada. Dez homens armados pularam o muro e invadiram a casa de Ivonete, retiraram ela de casa pelos cabelos e fizeram os disparos já na rua. Levaram o corpo da mulher.

BACorreio24

http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/bebe-morre-apos-namorada-da-mae-incendiar-casa-em-periperi/?cHash=7732d9a5366b5bc3bf3b5eac373d832a26/1/2017

IncêndioPeriperi

Criança48

126/1/2017

Namorada da mãe"A mãe saiu de casa depois da briga e deixou o bebê com a filha maior, que tem uns nove anos. A companheira pegou o bebê, jogou no colchão e tocou fogo, logo depois trancou a casa e tentou fugir”

BA LDNotícias

http://www.ldnoticias.com.br/noticias/23716,mulher-atingida-por-bala-perdida-dentro-de-casa-em-brotas.html27/1/2017

Arma de FogoEngenho Velho de BrotasAdulta

3426/1/2017

N/AHomens estavam realizando um tiroteio, vitima foi atingida na perna por bala perdida. Agressor foi médico por escoriações e ancaminhada para a Central de Flagrantes.

BAAtarde

http://atarde.uol.com.br/bahia/salvador/noticias/1828001-mulher-e-torturada-e-morta-apos-olhar-de-cara-feia-para-bandidos1/2/17

VariasCajazeiras IX

AdultaVarias

451/1/17

N/AEla foi espancada, esfaqueada e baleada após olhar de "cara feia" para homens que invadiram a laje da sua casa para realizar uma festa.

BACorreio24

http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/jovem-e-esfaqueada-e-aponta-ex-namorado-como-autor-em-paripe/?cHash=3ef2ff757e6ffa63b741bc44222272c01/2/17

EsfaqueamentoParipe

Jovem-

2431/2/2017

Ex NamoradoFoi atingida por golpes de faca no abdômen, tórax, costas, braços e pernas. Ela foi socorrida para o Hospital do Subúrbio. Ex-Namorado estava inconformado com fim do relacionamento que teria durado sete anos.

BACorreio24

http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/familia-de-mulher-morta-por-policiais-na-boca-do-rio-vai-denunciar-o-caso-a-corregedoria/?cHash=6fe54fbb94fa7e2c3cc3eb914a73675a4/2/17

Arma de FogoBoca do Rio

AdultaVarias

532/2/17

Polícia MilitarA arma utilizada no crime foi um revólver tipo "garruncha". De acordo com a polícia, a adolescente perdeu, há dois meses, um filho que esperava do namorado. A garota queria terminar o relacionamento, mas o homem não aceitava.

BA Correio24

http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/jovem-gravida-e-esfaqueada-pelo-marido-e-perde-o-bebe-em-salvador/?cHash=68d1c1ae462d87fed3cc0e554bd53c4a12/2/17

EsfaqueamentoCazajeiras XI

Jovem19

2112/2/17

MaridoGrávida, acabou perdendo o bebê. Esfaqueou na barriga depois de uma briga em casa.

BACorreio24

http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/mulher-de-51-anos-e-morta-e-crianca-de-10-fica-ferida-em-sete-de-abril/?cHash=36dbd8337463c8b751f5bd2d73d9fa0720/2/2017

Arma de FogoSete de Abril

AdultaVarios

5119/2/2017

Nenhuma RelaçãoNa hora, a rua estava movimentada, com o comércio local ainda em pleno funcionamento. Maria Célia trabalhava vendendo doces. Homens passaram em um carro e fizeram diversos disparos que atingiram Maria Célia.

BASimoesFilho

http://www.simoesfilhoonline.com.br/cabeleireira-estuprada-e-morta-facadas-dentro-de-apartamentos-em-simoes-filho/27/2/2017

Esfaqueamento, EstuproSimões Filho

Jovem-

2426/2/2017

N/ADeixa um filho de 07 anos de idade. A autoria e a motivação são desconhecidas.

BABocao

https://www.bocaonews.com.br/noticias/policia/policia/168648,corpo-de-mulher-e-encontrado-em-telhado-de-casa-no-bairro-de-pernambues.html6/3/17

Arma de FogoPernambués

Jovem-

292/3/17

N/AA vítima foi encontrada após a dona da residência ouvir um forte barulho.