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Fall 2017
Quem Ama Não Mata: Brazilian Feminicide andOdara’s Black Feminist LutaJair OballeSIT Study Abroad
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Recommended CitationOballe, Jair, "Quem Ama Não Mata: Brazilian Feminicide and Odara’s Black Feminist Luta" (2017). Independent Study Project (ISP)Collection. 2715.https://digitalcollections.sit.edu/isp_collection/2715
I
QuemAmaNãoMata:BrazilianFeminicideandOdara’sBlackFeministLuta
Oballe,JairAcademicDirector:Calhoun,Bill
ProjectAdvisor:Nascimento,ValdecirBrazil,Salvador,Pelorinho
DukeUniversity
SITBrazil:SocialInnovationandCommunityDevelopment|Fall2017
II
AbstractPage
ThisCommunityDevelopmentProjectpaperdiscussesmyworkwithOdara,ablack
feministorganizationwithinSalvador,Brazil.There,Ispentonemonthstudyingdifferentforms
ofgender-basedviolence,withaparticularfocusonfeminicide.Ialsoexaminedstateresponse
suchasLeiMariadaPenhaandLeidoFeminicídio,andhowthislegislationimpactedviolence
fromaqualitativeperspective.
MystudiesarecenteredaroundnewsarticlesIreadonvariousformsofviolencewithin
Bahia,whichwerethendevelopedintoadatabasethatcatalogueseachincidentbasedona
varietyofcategories.Additionally,Ireadalargeassortmentofbookstoestablishanacademic
backgroundinblackfeministtheoryandhistoricalviolenceagainstwomentocontextualizemy
work.Ihavealsoincludedreflectionsontwointerviewsofwomenthathavesufferedpartner-
basedviolence.
Alargeportionofmypapercontainsself-reflectionsofnotjustmyworkwithinOdara,
butlivingwithinSalvadorasaforeignerfromtheUnitedStates.Iassessmyprivilegeswithinthe
contextofmyworkanddailylife,andhowthesehaveshapedandinformedmyworldviews.
Finally,Ilooktowardsthefuture,andhowasaman,Icaninformandworkwithothermento
endthecyclesofviolencethathaveaffectedourwomenforfartoolong.
III
TableofContents
Introduction............................................................................................................................1
DefinitionofTerms.................................................................................................................7
LiteratureReview....................................................................................................................9
EngagementandMethods.....................................................................................................17
EthicalConsiderations...........................................................................................................22
CriticalSelf-Reflection...........................................................................................................25
Conclusions...........................................................................................................................34
References............................................................................................................................35
Appendix...............................................................................................................................36
IV
AcknowledgementsValdecirNascimento:Afterjustabriefconversation,yougraciouslyacceptedmeintoyourhomeandtheinstitutionyoufounded.Eachday,IlivedandlearnedalongsidethefoundationyoucreatedforallBlackwomenwithinSalvador,Bahia,andBrazilatlarge.Watchingandlisteningtoyourdevotionforsocialjusticehasbeenempowering,andIwillmissourdailytalksasmuchasourmeals.Ithasbeenanhonor.PaulinhaRosário:Fortheearlymorninghellos,latenightsingingonbusses,andmid-daymarchesthatwillalwaysremaininmymemory.YourtransparencytowardseveryaspectofyourlifemademefeelmorewelcomeandcomfortablethatIcouldeverexpress.Fromyourstruggles,pains,yourpresentsituation,andevenvisionsforthefuture.Ihavebeeninspiredandhumbledbyallthatyouare,andamincrediblyexcitedtoseewhereyourfuturetakesyou.NaiaraLeite:Yourbookrecommendationandtalkshelpedstructuremyprojectandconceptualizationsoffeminismanditsrelationtogender-basedviolenceimmensely.Thankyouforyourtripinvitations,fordrivingme,andalwaysmakingmelaugh.DanieleBitencourt:YourworkisthecrutchthatholdsOdaratogether!ThankyouforalwayscheckinginonmeandshowingmearoundPelorinho.ErikaFrancisca:Despitemybombardmentofquestions,youneverfaltered.Youalwayswentaboveandbeyondinexplanations,ensuringIunderstoodeverycriticalpieceofinformation.Yourwarm-heartednesswasalwaysastabilizingforce.AlaneReis:Forwelcomingmerightawayonourweekendretreattotheisland.Foryourwarmththroughoutthemonth,andavailabilitytotalkatanytime,aboutanytopic.MaisaVale:Foryourpatienceandexpansiveknowledgeonbothdomesticviolenceandthepublichealthsystem.ListeninginonyourprojectwithKeishaandyourpersonalanecdotesoflife’shardshipshavegivenmeincredibleinsighttootherformsofdiscriminationthatIwouldhaveneverlearnedotherwise.Odara:Forsettinganexampleastowhatanon-profit,socialjusticeorganizationisfullycapableof.Forgivingavoicetowomenthathavebeendisempoweredbyfartoolong,bytoomanyformsofstructuredoppression.Together,yougiveothershope.Ithasbeenablessingtocallmyselfpartoftheteamthispastmonth.Alutasempresegue!BillCalhoun:Foryour27yearsofthepurestformofpassionforeducationIhaveeverseen.Wealwaysspeakaboutdestiny,andIamexcitedtoseewhereyourstakesyou.Youdeservetheworldandmoremybrother.Ihavenothingbutloveandrespectforeverythingyoudo.OélitoBrandão:Fortalezamayhave2millionpeopleand1millionmotorcycles,butitonlyhas1personlikeyou.Fortheendlesslaughter,hugs,andinsights.Thankyou.
1
Introduction
ThispastmonthwithinSalvador,IworkedalongsideOdaratolearnaboutdifferent
formsofgender-basedviolencetowardswomen.Feminicideisthemostextremeexpressionof
thesevariousformsofviolence,soItailoredthemajorityofmystudytowardsthishorrific
phenomenon.However,theseformsofviolenceareallinformedbythesamesetsofstructural
oppressions,andmustbeunderstoodwithinthecontextsofeachother.Womenofcolor,and
particularlyBlackwomen,sufferthehighestratesoffeminicideacrossallstatesofBrazil.
Therefore,theyhavealwaysbeenonthefrontlinesofgrassrootsorganizing,politicalactivism,
andacademictheologiestocombattheselife-threateningissues.
Mygoalsduringthistimeweremultifaceted.Atthemostbasiclevel,Isoughttolearn
andunderstandtheconceptsoffeminicideingeneral.Whatiswas,howitmanifested,and
whatinformedit.Iwantedtoknowwhoweretheaggressors,andwhowerethevictims.Howit
wascarriedout,andhowfrequently.Allofthisinformationwasmadeavailablebythosewho
perceivedthisissueandstudieditlongbeforeme,soIlookedatwhothesepeopleand
movementswerewithinBrazil,andhowtheybroughtissueshappeninginfamilyhomesout
intothestreetsandthelimelight.Afterward,howtheirworkcontributedtonewpoliticalpolicy
suchasLeiMariadaPenhaandtheFeminicidelawofthisdecade.Finally,Iwantedtoseethe
impactsofthislegislationonFeminicidetoday,forthelegislationisfairlynewandconsistently
underattackafterthepolitical“golpe”twoyearsback.
2
Onfirstglance,thisissuehasmanylayersofseparationforme.Iamaforeigner,male,
higher-class,andWhitewithinBrazil,eventhoughIamLatinxandlow-middleclassbackhome.
Additionally,IhaveneverhadapersonalexperiencewithviolenceintheformsIhavestudied.
However,IamheavilyentangledwiththistopicbecauseofthepeopleIlove.Ihavefriendsand
familymemberswhohaveexperiencedvariousformsofgender-basedviolence,andalthoughI
havebeenabletolistenandcomfortthemasaconfident,Ihaveoftenbeenleftfeelinghelpless
totheseissuesthathaveweighedheavilyontheiremotionalhealth.
Theirexperienceshaveleftmecastingacriticaleyeonmyselfandmyplacewithinthis
issue.Iamleftwonderinghowasasociety,wehavesocializedmentobehaveinthisform
towardsthepeopletheysupposedlycareaboutthemost.Ithinkaboutthelackof
conversationsIhavehadwithfellowmenonhowtotreatothers.Oftentimes,weleaveitasan
assumptionthatwewilltreatotherswithrespect,withoutactuallydiscussingwhatrespectis.
Forthemenwhoidentifyandunderstandtheissue,wealsotrytoshyawayfromit;welistento
women’sstoriesandknowthatwecouldneverdosuchthings,subconsciouslypatting
ourselvesonthebackfornotbeingpartofthestatistic.Butnotbeingtheissueitselfdoesnot
pardonyoufromnotlearningaboutit,orwaysinwhichyoucancombatit.Infact,itisanactof
complacency,whichallowsthecycleofviolatetoperpetuate.Ihaveseenthiscomplacency
informpatriarchalmicrocosmsofsocietyallaroundme,suchastheuniversitywhereIstudy
andlive.
3
Lastyear,myuniversityconductedananonymoussurveytoseetheratesofwomenand
menthathadexperiencedanyformofsexualmisconduct.Forwomen,thefinalnumberwas2
in5.IwashorrifiedwhenIheardthatstatistic,especiallyafternoticingthataveragesrates
wereslightlyhigherforwomenofcolor.IknewtheprivilegesIhadasamaleinthiscontext
weremuchgreater,butInowgraspedwhymyfemalefriendsfeeldiscomforttravelingto
partiesorwalkingaroundatnightaloneataplacethatIperceiveasmysecondhome.Itmade
mewonderwhatlevelsofignoranceandprivilegewehavetocreatesuchanumber,andif
offendersareheldaccountableaftertheoffensetakesplace.
Additionally,oneofmypositionsatschoolinvolvesplanningorientationweek,and
trainingunderclassmenstudentstobecomecounselorsforfirst-yearstudentsduringthatweek.
Oneofthemostimportanteventstheuniversityholdsisanopendialogueonsexual
misconductandinstitutionalpolicy.Afterthegroupbrokedownbygender,Istayedwiththe
boy’sgrouptohearthequestionstheywouldaskourpresenters.Theirquestionsleftme
shocked:“howdrunkcanagirlbebeforeshecan’tgiveconsent?Ifwewerebothdrunkand
gaveconsent,canIstillbeaccusedofsexualassault?IfIseeagirlpassedoutonthesideofthe
street,shouldIstaywithherifI’malone?BecauseIdon’twantstrangerspassingbytointerpret
thesituationincorrectly.”Iwasleftbaffled.
IfindmyfellowclassmatesatDuketobesomeofthebrightestintellectualmindsIhave
evermet,butclearlytheseformsofthinkingarenotbeingcorrectlytranslatedintomoments
andformsofrationalthinkingthataremuchmoreimportant.Ourstudentsmaybebooksmart,
4
butwhenitcomestothepotentialharmtoanotherperson’smentalandphysicalhealth,we
arenotasprecautious.Andifstudentsarealreadyenteringwiththistypeofmindset,dowe
havethecapacitytochangetheirconceptualframeworkofdominationandownershipwithin
fouryears?Whataboutforthestudentsthatdecidedtoskipthistalk,andneverattendatalk
likethisagainwhileatschool?Willtheybeprovidedspaceslaterinlifethatcouldprevent
theseformsofharassmentorviolencefromcontinuing?
Withthis,IcameintoBrazilinterestedinthequestionofgenderviolenceinthe
universitysetting.ButafterafewconversationswithBillCalhoun,myprogramcoordinator,we
discussedincreasedratesoffeminicideafterthepassageofLeiMariadaPenha,whichsought
tocombatthatverysamecrime.Althoughbothtopicsareofhighimportance,mysenseof
urgencyshiftedtowardsthoseunabletoevenreceivesocialservicesandstartanewbecause
theyhadbeenmurdered.Thelongerittakesforthisissuetobeunderstood,discussed,and
combated,themorewomenwilldiewithintheirsacredspacesofhomeattheexpenseofthe
partnertheytrustthemost.
MynewtopicwasguidedbyJessica,ourprogramassistant,andJonahina,alawyer,to
visitandcontactdifferentorganizationsthatworkedonthequestionoffeminicide.Ourfirst
meetingsolidifiedmytopic,whichwouldlookatdifferentcausesofgender-violence,study
stateresponses,andtheeffectsonthesenewstateservicesandlawsonsociety.Thankfully,
manyscholarshadalreadystudiedtheaftereffectsofMariadaPenha,theirfocusonwhether
thelawwassuccessfullycombatingratesofgender-basedviolence.
5
MostorganizationswithinFortalezathatworkedonthistopicarehousedwithin
women’sshelters,andwewenttooneseveraltimestoreceivemoreinformation.Ourfirstvisit
wasanunannouncedvisit,andwewerestoppedrightaway.Asocialworkerinformedusthat
theirshelter’spoliciesdonotallowmentoenter,sowesetascheduledmeeting,requesting
specialaccess.Aftertwomeetingswiththeirworkers,wewereprovidedwithmanyreadings,
butwereinformedthattheorganizationwasshort-staffed,andcoupledwiththeirrules
towardsmenwithintheshelter,wouldbeunabletoreceiveme.
Iunderstoodtheirrulesrightaway;themomentsawomanentersashelterarevery
vulnerableandtheyrequiretimebeforetheycanlegallyconfronttheiraggressororutilizere-
integrativeservicesandmoveonfromtheincident.Myshorttimewithinthecentertaughtme
thatalthoughallyshipisimportant,itisneveruptotheallytodecidethetimeandplacethey
serveacommunity.Insomespaces,itissimplybetterforprofessionalsdotheirwork.
Irefusedtobedeterredmytopic,optingtotackleitfromadifferentperspectiveata
differentlocation.IthoughtbackonourinteractionswithDecolonialTheory,andthewaysin
whichitintersectedwithBlackFeminism.Bothschoolsofthoughtcombatontologicaland
teleologicalconceptionsofworldsystemsthatrequiresystematicsystemsofoppressionto
sustainthemselves.Thesethoughtprocessesgivevoicetosubjugatedpopulationsandoffer
alternativevisionsofliving,whichcouldprovidemewiththeframeworknecessaryto
deconstructandcomprehendfeminicide.Therefore,Iwasconnectedtoanorganizationsuchas
6
Odara,whoseincrediblework,coupledwithmylifeexperiencesinSalvador,couldhelpme
reachsomeconclusionsandopenupevenmorequestions.
7
DefinitionofTerms
CPMI:ComissãoParlamentarMistadeinquérito.ThiscommissioninvestigatedtheeffectivenessofLeiMariadaPenha,anddeterminedthatitwasinsufficientinpreventingfeminicides.Therefore,theyconceptualizedtheframeworkforLei13.104,LeidoFemicídio,andpresentedittoCongress.LeiMariadaPenha;Lei11.340:Thislawwascreatedafterdecadesoffeministactivism,andfouryearsofintensivepublicpolicymeetingstocreatelegislationthatcombatedviolenceagainstwomen.Definition(redacted):
EstaLeicriamecanismosparacoibirepreveniraviolênciadomésticaefamiliarcontraamulher.DispõesobreacriaçãodosJuizadosdeViolênciaDomésticaeFamiliarcontraaMulher;eestabelecemedidasdeassistênciaeproteçãoàsmulheresemsituaçãodeviolênciadomésticaefamiliar.Todamulher,independentementedeclasse,raça,etnia,orientaçãosexual,renda,cultura,níveleducacional,idadeereligião,gozadosdireitosfundamentaisinerentesàpessoahumana.
Feminicide:Theactoffeminicideissomethingasoldashumanityitself,thoughthetermanditsimplicationshaveonlybeencirculatingfor50years.ThefirstmentionoffeminicidecomesfromDianaRusselinBelgium,publishedintheInternationalTribunalofCrimesAgainstWomen(green52).Namingthispatternoffemalehomicidesgivesvisibilitytotheissue,andcontextualizesitwithinsociety’ssystematicoppressionofwomen.Sincethen,feminicidehasbeencarefullystudiedandmonitoredbyvarioussocialorganizationsandgovernmentsatnationalandinternationallevels.Feminicide’sdefinitioniscontestedandchangeddependingonitsuse.Whileallfeminicidesarehomicides,notallfemalehomicidesareclassifiedasfeminicides.WithinBrazil,thefeministmovementpresentedCongresswiththefollowingdefinition(redacted):
[…]formaextremadeviolênciadegêneroqueresultanamortedamulherquandohaumaoumaisdasseguitescircunstancias:I–relaçãointimadeafetoouparantescoII-práticadequalquiertipodeviolênciasexualcontraavítimaIII–mutilaçãooudesfiguração.
However,theapprovalperiodofCongressledtomodifications,resultinginthisdefinitionoftheLeidoFemicídio(redacted):
Mortedamulherporrazõesdacondiçãodesexofeminino.Considera-sequehárazõesdecondiçãodesexofemininoquandoocrimeenvolve:violênciadomésticaefamiliar;menosprezooudiscriminaçãoàcondiçãodemulher.
8
Gender-basedViolence:violencethatisdirectedagainstawomanbecausesheisawomanorthataffectswomendisproportionately.BlackFeminism:Aschoolofthoughtstatingthatsexism,classoppression,genderidentityandracismareinextricablyboundtogether.
9
LiteratureReview
DomesticViolenceattheintersectionRace,Class,andGenderNatalieSokolaff,IdaDupont
Thisreadingtalksabouttheintersectionalanalysisandframeworkthatisrequireswhen
understandingandaddressingthequestionofgender-basedviolence.Thearticleisinreference
totheUnitedStates,buttheoverarchingideasarehighlyapplicabletoBrazil.Sokolaffand
Dupontattempttounderstandthewaysinwhichracism,ethnocentrism,classprivilege,and
heterosexismintersectwithgenderviolenceandoppression.Thisworkishighlyimportant
becauseinthepast,whattheauthorsreferstoas‘womanbattering’washighlyuniversalized,
affectingthewaysinwhichtreatmentwasadministered.Additionally,theantiviolencefeminist
movementwashighlydominatedbymiddle-classwomen,whichcausedalargefailurein
addressingthemultipleoppressionsawomancanfacebasedonherotheridentityfactors.
Additionally,thewaysinwhichwomendefinegenderviolenceitselfdiffersbasedon
theirculturalvalues.Forexample,inmanyAsianculturestheactofthrowingwaterona
womaninincrediblyharmfultotheirmentalpsyche,foritindicatesthattheyareunholyand
requirecleansing.Stereotypesmayalsoplayintoalackofdesireinreportingabuse.Black
womenoftenfearperpetuatingtheideaofBlackmenasaggressors,whichcoupleswiththe
statisticthatBlackwomenarealsoabusedandmurderedathigherrates.(However,the
authorsshowthatsocio-economicfactorsplayahugeroleinthisstatistic;whensocio-
economicstatusisfixedinplace,racialdifferencesinratesofabuseandviolencedisappear.)
10
Clearly,there’snoone-size-fits-allwayofunderstandingviolence,andthereforeforms
ofinterventionandservicesforwomenmustalsoreflecttheirintersectionalidentities.Special
considerationsforjoblessness,homelessness,illiteracy,bilingualservices,andLGBTQ
acceptancearesomeofthedifferentwayssheltersandlegalhelpmustadapttoensurethe
continuedprotectionofabatteredwoman.Additionally,weneedtoconsiderrootcausesof
gender-basedviolenceoutsideofthehome,suchasformsofviolencedirectedatentire
communitiesintheformsofracializedsurveillanceandheightenedprisonsentencingforPOC
women,policebrutality,andclassisthousingdiscrimination.Thesefactorsareespecially
importantconsideringthesystem’sover-relianceonlawenforcementindealingwithcasesof
domesticviolence.Theincreaseinforceandmassincarcerationmaydomoretoharmthe
communitythanhelpit.
Finally,wemustrejecttheassociationwithbatteredwomenandhelplessness.Though
thesewomenareinavulnerableemotionalandphysicalstate,ifweprovidethemwith
sufficientresources,theyhavesufficientagencytobettertheirlivesinwhatevermeansthey
deemnecessary.
GeographiesofPower:BlackWomenMobilizingIntersectionalityinBrazilKeisha-KhanY.Perry Perry’sarticlearticulatesthecomplexitiesofBlackwoman’spoliticswithinGamboade
Baixo.Thecity’sdemographicsaremainlycomprisedofpoorBlackcommunitiesthatare
fightingurbandevelopersfromhighlycovetedcoastallands.Althoughoppositiontogentrified
developmentisofteninthehandsofBlackwomen,wholeadthemajorityofsocialmovements,
11
themajorityofstateinstitutionsdisregardandillegitimizethecontributionsofthesewomen
towardssocialjusticeinitiatives.
ThearticlestartsoutwithawomannamedDonaTelma,whofoundthatherhousing
rightswerebeingcontestedbyacompany.Afterrefusingtogiveupherhome,thecompany
calledthepoliceandalocalconstructioncrewtoteardownthehome.Themanbehindthe
bulldozerbecamesoupsetattheideaofdestroyingherhome,thatheultimatelywentagainst
ordersandletthehousestanding.Hebecamealocalheroforhisactions,whileDonaTelma’s
initialresistancewasleftunacknowledged.Othermediaincidentssuchasthesealsoportray
Gamboa’ssocialmovementsasspontaneousuprisings;anupsettingincidentoccursinthe
community,andsuddenlycommunitymembersrallyandreact.
IllustrationssuchastheseindicatetheerasureofBlackmassactivism,especiallywhen
theactivismisspearheadedbypoorBlackwomenwithinlocalcommunitiesoutsideof
governmentstructuressuchasNGOs.Thelackofmediarecognitionleadstotheideathat
communityresistanceisspontaneousandunusual,eventhoughithasbeencarefullycalculated
andcoordinatedinresponsetopoliceviolenceorillegallandclaimsbycoastallandswithin
Salvador.
Additionally,thereseemstobelittleoutsideempathyforresistancecreatedbypoor
BlackwomentoaidotherpoorBlackwomen.Theircollectivememoryandlegaldocumentation
ofthelandinwhichtheyliveisoftenignoredbylargebusinesseslookingforthenextcapital
12
gain.Ratherthanbeingseenasfellowactivists,Perrynotesthatsocietyplacesthemintheroles
ofdomesticworker,andthepreserverofAfro-Braziliancultureandreligioustradition.Since
theirsocietalrolesandjobsareundervalued,soaretheirpoliticalvoices.Despitethis,Perry
emphasizesthepushbackthatthesewomenaregiving,becausetheyknowradicalsocial
changeisnecessary,andnoneofthemarepassivelywaitingforittohappen.
ThefinalpointIstartedconsideringdoesnotmatchwiththerestofthisliterature
section,butithashelpedmeunderstandthewaythestatecapitalizesonambiguitieswithin
identity.WehaveanoverlycitedconceptthatracialidentitywithinBrazilisdifficulttodefine,
withabout135differentcategoriesofidentity.Yetwhenwelookatstatisticswithinpolice
brutality,forexample,thestatecaneasilyidentifywhichpopulationsareBlack.Byaccepting
theambiguouscategorizationofrace,wedriveourselvesfurtherawayfromunificationagainst
astateapparatusthatspecificallytargetsBlackpeopleinprojectsordeterritorializationand
genocide,regardlessofwhatracetheyperceivethemselvestobe.
UnderstandingGender-basedViolenceMicheleDecker,ElizabethMiller,SamanthaIllangasekare,JayGSilverman
Thisarticleprovidedageneraloverviewofgender-basedviolence.Thedatautilizedon
perpetratorsismainlyconfinedtoAfrica,thoughthereasonsforthisarenotexplicitlystated.
Basedonfindings,oneinthreewomenexperiencegender-basedviolence,andathirdoffemale
homicidesarecommittedbymalepartners.Historically,thisepidemichaslargelyfocusedon
victimforobviousreasons,consideringthey’reexperiencesrequireawiderangeofsupportin
termsofmentalandphysicalhealth,andlogisticalplanningintermsofhousingchanges,work
13
changes,etc.However,thisdoesnoteliminatetheriskfactorthatmeninthehouseholdpose,
soweneedtolookattheperpetrator’sbehaviorandmentalitiestoeliminatetherootcauseof
gender-basedviolence.
FromtheUNMulti-countryCross-sectionalStudyonMenandViolenceinAsiaandthe
PacificpresentedinTheLancetGlobalHealth,weseethatoverhalfofnon-partnerrape
perpetratorsfirstdosoduringadolescence,closelytiedtoyouthexposuretoviolenceinthe
perpetrator’sownhousehold.Otherfactorsincludesubstanceabuseanddepressionaslinks
thathelpusunderstandthatreasonswhyperpetratorsrape.Partnerviolenceandnon-partner
rapeoftencoincidedwithriskysexualbehavior,suchashavingseveralsexpartners.Thesexual
entitlementanddominancethatmenexhibitthroughsocialnormalizationarecitedaspossible
reasoning.
Toreduceandpreventgender-basedviolenceperpetration,weneedtoculturallyand
sociallyreinforceunderstanding,respect,andsafety.Youthprogramsthataddressgender
normsandinequitiesneedtobeimplementedaswell.Becausethisviolenceissowidespread,
supportservicesmuststillbeinplaceforsurvivors.
14
InformationaboutProjectandOrganization
OdaraInstituteofBlackWomenisablackfeministorganizationthataimstoraisethe
collectivewell-beingofmarginalizedBrazilianpopulationsbycombatingdiscrimination.They
seekincreasedinclusionindiscussionsonpoliticsandsocio-economicstatus,becauseBrazilian
societyhasbeenstructuredthroughracismandsexism,leadingtoaseriesofinequalitiessuch
as:diminishedsalaries,limitedaccesstohighereducation,sexualandreproductiverights
abuses,andlargeratesofunemployment.
ThesesocialissuesdisproportionatelyaffectBlackwomen,leadingtotheinceptionofan
organizationfoundedandrunbyBlackwomen,forBlackwomen.Atthecore,theirsingle
missionaimstoresolvetheviolencethatBlackwomenface.Thismissionisdividedintofour
largeworkinggroups:Healthcareandsexualrights,Violence,Communication,andEducation
andPoliticalFormation.Althoughprogramshaveinterconnections,compartmentalizingand
tacklingthesesocialissuesfromamultitudeofanglesprovidesmoretangiblesolutions.
Odaramembersarewellversedinallaspectsoftheorganization’swork,providing
additionalsupporttoworkinggroup’seffortswhenneeded.Mostmembersalsoattendevery
eventcreatedbyOdara,andmakeaconcertedefforttosupportpartnergroupsinthe
surroundinggeographicarea.Theyarepartofanexpansivenetworkofnonprofitorganizations
andgrassrootsmovements,andwillfrequentlyhostvisitorsfromallpartsofthestateandthe
country.
15
Inmytimethere,IattendedaUN-fundedlectureonthereproductiveramificationsof
Brazil’szikavirusoutbreak,andattendedameetingofsocialactivistsandpsychologists
developingstrategiestoattendtowomenandfamiliesthathavelosttheirchildrenfrompolice
violencethroughtheprojectMinhaMãeNãoDormeEnquantoEuNãoChegar(mymotherdoes
notsleepuntilIarrive[home]).Theprogramhasbeenimplementedoverthepasttwoyearsin
fourperipheryneighborhoodstore-thinkpoliciesandactionstowardssecurityanddrug
trafficking,andhowtheyhaverelatedtomass-killingsofBlackyouth.Italsoseekstodialogue
withotherpsychologists,universities,communitycentersandclinicsontheimpactsthatrace
andracismhasonthevulnerablesocialconditionsthatmothersandtheirchildrenfacenotonly
intheireverydaylives,butwithintheverysameservicesthatwerecreatedtoaidandprotect
them.
ThisworkinggroupoffersanexampleonhowOdaraoperates;theirexpansivesocial
networksallowthemtoconnectwithprofessionalsandacademicsinvariousdisciplinestothink
throughthevariousformsofviolenceaffectingtheBlackcommunity.Theyworkthrough
historicformsofoppression,acknowledginghowtheywerecreated,howtheypersist,andhow
theyaffectindividualstothisveryday.Then,theylookatwhatsocialprogramscouldaddress
theseissues.InthecaseofMinhaMãe,creatingspaceswheremothersofchildrenmurdered
throughthedrugtradecandiscusstheirissuesinsolidarity,andhowculturalandreligious
practicescanaidtheirhealingprocesses.
16
Odaradoesn’tjustworkwithlocalprojects.Startingin2012,theideaofanationwide
protestandmarchofBlackwomenwasproposedtoValdecir.Bytheendofthefollowingarea,
groupsthroughouttheNorthandNortheastofBrazilhadbegunorganizingandmarchingto
gaintractionandattentionfromotherregions.ByNovember18thof2015,50,000womenmet
inBrasiliatoprotestracism,andgenderandsocialinequality.Attheendofthemarch,the
groupwasmetbyPresidentDilmaRousseff,whoreceivedadocumenthighlightingtheissues
thesegroupshaddiscussedatlengthforthelastseveralyears.
Odara’smissionappearssingularonthesurface,buttheirgoalsandsolutionsare
multifacetedinnature.Bycombiningresourcesandknowledgewithgroupsandindividuals
throughoutthecountry,OdaraisabletotackleavarietyofsocialissuesaffectingBlackwomen
andtheBlackpopulationatlarge.
17
EngagementandMethods
Database[Appendix1]
ThelargestprojectIworkedonwasadatabasethatcompilesnewsarticlesonincidents
ofgender-basedviolencewithinthecountry.Whentheideawaspresentedtome,Paulinha
showedmeanexcelspreadsheetof60articlesfromBahiaandover1000articlesfromall27
states.IdecidedtofocusonthearticlesfromBahia,sincetheinformationdiscoveredinalocal
contextcouldbeaddressedmoredirectlybyOdara.Onebyone,Ireadthrougheacharticle,
takingnoteofreoccurringinformationbetweenarticlesandpublicationcompanies.From
there,Icreatedcategoriesbasedondemographicandgeographicinformation.Intotal,there
are8categories,asidefromthestate,newscompany,andpublicationdate.Theyare:
Weapon/Method(utilizedtocommitthecrime),Neighborhood,generationofvictim(child,
teenager,adultetc.),ageofaggressor,ageofvictim,dateofcrime,relationbetweenaggressor
andvictim,andadditionalinformation.
Afterpluggingthisinformationintorespectivecells,Isetupfiltersforeachcategory.
Therefore,youcangodowntherowlimitingselectionstopinpointarticlesthataidyour
individualinterests.Forexample,astabbingofachildinLiberdadebytheirfatherinDecember.
Thecategorieswereamixtureofbroadandspecificcriteria,toensureyoucouldendupwithas
manyoraslittlearticlesasyoudesired.Finally,theadditionalinformationcategoryincluded
snippetsofthenewsarticle,behavingasanabstracttolimitreadingbytheresearcher.Ialso
cameacrossseveralarticlesthatdidnotcoverspecificincidents,butratesofviolenceoverthe
year,whichIplacedintoadifferenttabwithintheexcelsheet.
18
Thedatabasewasafantasticprojecttoworkon;it’sanongoingefforttowhichanyone
cancontribute,andthemoreexpansiveitbecomes,themorepowerfulyoursearchescanbe.
Additionally,Excel’sversatilitycouldleadtographsorchartsbasedonthedatacollected,giving
visualrepresentationsofwhatneighborhoodsharborthemostcrimes,orwhatgenerationof
individualisthemostvulnerabletosexualassault.
Thisprojectwasalsoimmenselyhelpfulingainingimportantbackgroundknowledge
basedonreal-worldeventsinthecommunitiesaroundme,whilestrengtheningmyoverall
comprehensionofthePortugueselanguageandexpandingmyvocabularyinlegaltermsand
othertermsassociatedwiththislineofstudy.Theinformationheldinthesearticleswas
disgusting,shocking,anddisturbing.Whatwasnearlyjustasshocking,however,wasthe
informationexcludedfromeveryarticleIread:anymentionofrace.Iwilldeveloptheseideas
furtherinmyself-reflectionsection.
Interviews
WithinmytimeinSalvador,Iconductedtwointerviews.Thefirstwasofafounderof
theorganizationCalafate,MartaLiero.Theorganizationismadeupoflow-income,periphery
neighborhoodwomenthathostweeklyandmonthlymeetings,focusingontheheightened
levelsofgender-basedviolencethatexistwithintheirowncommunities.Theirsocialnetworkis
well-knownbythosethatlivearoundthem,andtheirofficeoffersacommunalspacewhere
womencanvoicetheirindividualcomplaints,andseekemotionalsupportfromexecutiveand
19
communitymembersthathavefacedthesametypesofissuesthemselves.Thisserviceis
critical,becausetheactualgovernmentservicesthatwerecreatedbylegislationsuchasMaria
dePenha,areoftensituatedinlargersectionsofthecityratherthantheperiphery,supposedly
togiveaccesstomorepeople.
Thisprovestobeverydifficult,becausethewomen’sshelter,hospital,legalservices,
andpsychologicalservicesarenothousedwithinthesamebuilding,butscatteredatdifferent
partsofthecity.Therefore,itrequiresalargeamountoftimeandefforttoreachtheseplaces,
takingcriticaltimeoffworkandspendingmoneyontransportation.Theseareluxuriesthat
manyofthesewomencannotafford.Additionally,eveniftheymanagetoutilizetheseservices,
therehavebeencontinuousreportsofmistreatmentfromserviceworkersduetodifferencesin
racialandsocialclasses.Therefore,althoughprofessionalhelpisencouraged,Calafatecan
provideaspaceforwomenthatneedimmediatehelp,withtheeyesandearsofwomenthat
understandtheirlocalcontextsandhowthoseinformstheirstrugglesandsituationsof
violence.
MyotherinterviewwaswithKalini*.Shegrewupinapoor,peripherycommunitywithin
Salvador,andby11yearsoldwasinvolvedwithinthedrugtradetoearnmoneyforherfamily.
At14,shefellinlovewithadrugtrafficker,whowastenyearsolderthanher.Despiteproper
treatmentatfirst,Kbegansufferingdifferentformsofabuseat15yearsold,tothepointwhere
therelationshiphadtoend.Shenotesthatthisiscommonwithintraffickingrelationships,
*Kalini’snamehasbeeneditedforprivacyandsecurity.
20
becausethemenaresocializedtoexertdominanceandauthoritywithinallaspectsoftheir
lives.Attemptsatburningherchildhoodhomeandseveraldeaththreatswithfirearmsensued,
forcingKtoseekshelteringandrehabilitativeservices.
Herpartnerwaswellknowninthecommunity,soherserviceshadtotakeherfaraway
fromherfamilyandlife,finallyacceptedintothesysteminMarch,threemonthsafterher
latestdeaththreat.Herprotectionprogram,whichwillgounnamedforsecurityreasons,forced
hertothrowawayallofheroldclothingandtakenopossessionswithher.Shevividly
remembersreceivinga200-pageentrancepacketofrules,disablinganyaccesstointernet,cell
phones,oreventheabilitytoleavethephysicalboundariesoftheshelter.Itwastherethatshe
realizedthatitwasher,thepersonwhonearlylostherlife,thatwasnowlosingallofherliberty
inthenameofprotection.Hernewhousingsituatedherwithcompletestrangers,allgoing
throughdifferentformsoftrauma.Andwhiletheprofessionalswereproperlytrainedwithin
academia,theylackedawarenessintheracialandsocio-economicdynamicsofthepopulations
theyweretryingtohelp.Theymadeherfeelburdensomeandunwelcome,andshewitnessed
manywomenattempttofleefromtheshelter.Meanwhile,shewasunabletocontactany
familymembersandfriendsaboutthethingsshewasgoingthroughforthefirst6months.
Ifyoubreaktheshelter’srulesthreetimes,youwillbesentbackhome,theveryplace
shereceivedherthreats.Thequestionthenbecomesoneoflifeordeath,andwhileshedidnot
wanttobethere,itwasheronlyoption.Whileotherfamilieshavethefinancialcapacitytopick
21
upandmovetoanotherlocation,herownfinancialstatusofferednootherrecoursebuttostay
inhidingfor4years.
Now,sheseesherselfassomeonetryingtotakeownershipofherlife,assomeonethat
workshardandaimsofenteringaUniversity.Yetotherdays,theweightofallthoseyearsstill
greatlyimpactsherpersonalhealth;afterall,ithasonlybeentwoyearssincesheleftthe
shelter,andwasplacedwithinaroleofadulthood,payingbillsandlookingafterherself.And
justasinallotherspaceswithinsociety,shestillnavigatestheworldasayoung,Black,
peripherywoman,whofightsthroughdailyformsofdiscrimination.
Duringthecourseofherinterview,Kalwaysexplainedherstorywithalookingforward
perspective,acknowledgingdespiteherimmensestruggles,shehasreceivedcertainblessings
aswell,forhavingaccesstotheseservicesandmakingitthroughtheprogram,living
independentlyinherownhomeinsteadofaroomwithfourstrangers.Hernextstepsinvolve
advancinghereducation,andprioritizingherpersonalmentalhealthwiththehelpofothers
insteadofdivingheadfirstintootheractivitiestokeephermindpreoccupied.Afterthe
interview,Icouldn’thelpbutgiveKanenormoushug,thankingherandwishingherthebestof
luckanywhereherlifetakesher.
22
EthicalConsiderations
PositionalitywasanincrediblylargecomponentofmyentireCDPproject,asIchosea
geographiclocationandtopicthatwereseparatelevelsofseparationfromthewaysinwhichI
identifymyself.EarlyoninBrazil,IlearnedthatsocietyviewsmeasWhite,whileintheUnited
StatesIhavealwaysgivenmyselfandbeengiventheethnicityofLatinx.Theskincolorand
physicalcharacteristicsthatdefinemebackhomedidnotapplyhereinBrazil.Atfirst,Itried
explainingmycase,butafterawhile,Idecidedthatitwasbesttoacceptwhatsociety
prescribedtome;ifIhadactuallylivedandnavigatedthesepast20yearsinBrazil,Iwouldhave
receivedalloftheprivilegesofwhiteness.Refutingthisformymonth-longprojectwouldhave
greatlyinhibitedmycapacitytolearn.
RacewastheidentityfactorIgrappledwiththemost,butwascertainlynottheonly
differencebetweenmyselfandthecommunityIwishedtolearnfrom.Iamalsomale,
heterosexual,fromastableeconomicbackground,afuturecollegegraduate,anddonot
practiceapersecutedreligion.Whilethesefactorsexistinothercitiesandstates,Salvador
containsoneofthelargestBlackpopulationsintheentiretyofBrazil,at80percent.An
impressiveamountoftheseindividualspracticeCandomble,andliveinfavelacommunities.In
essentiallyeveryspaceIinhabited,IknewIwouldfindfewotherindividualssuchasmyself,and
thatmybehaviorsandattitudesinthosespaceswouldbereflectiveuponnotjustmyself,but
otherprivilegedforeigners.IimaginethatthemajorityofforeignersthatBahiansencounter
aretourists,opposedtostudentsstudyingandworkingformarginalizedpopulations.Ialways
carriedmyselfwiththemostrespectIcould,treatingeachspaceasagenerousinvitation.
23
WhitemeninBrazil,justastheUnitedStates,arenotburdenedbyaplethoraofsocial
stereotypesthattypecasttheminanyformsofnegativelight.Theyarealwaysheldatthetop
ofsocietyintermsofbeautyandeducation,andhardlyeverfindthemselvesinpositionswhere
theyaredefendingfortheirlivesonthegroundsofidentitiesbecauseofnationalpoliticsand
policies.SittinginontheMihaMãemeetingquicklyshowedmethatthiswasnotthecasefor
Blackwomen.Blackperipherywomenareoftencastedas:domesticworkers,economic
resourcedrainers,andproducersofcriminality.Theyareblamedforinadequatelyraisingtheir
childrentowardsalifeoftrafficking,andperpetuatingtheviolenceandpovertythatexists
withinfavelacommunities.Hardlyeverarethesewomen’ssituationsunderstoodasaresultof
structuralinjusticesandgovernmentinadequacy.Thepowerdynamicsthatexistbetweenthese
twoidentitygroupswerealwaysinmymindduringmyinteractions,andItriedtodisplayin
bothactionsandwordsthatIdidnotsubscribetothenarrativesplaceduponBlackwomen.
Intheeventsandtalksattendedfocusedonwomen’shealthandviolence,Iwastheonly
(visiblyperceived)maleintheroom,andtheonlyWhiteindividualofanygenderexpression.In
thesespaces,Iknewthebestoptionwastoremainextremelyattentiveandquiet,forIwould
neverbeabletofullyunderstandandexperiencethelivedexperiencesoftheseindividuals,no
matterhowlongIdedicatedmyselftolearningabouttheirlivedrealities.Therearethingsthat
textsandacademiacannotteach,soIpushedmyselftolistentotheirtruthsasattentivelyasI
could,fortheirstoriesandinformationwouldgreatlyinformmypersonalstudy.
24
Thisbringsmetoanotherlargeethicaldilemma:studyinganotherindividualand
population’shistoryofcyclicalviolenceforapersonalprojectandcoursecredit.Whatdoesit
meantotakethesestoriesandinformation,thesemomentsofintensevulnerability,andre-
createitforanother’sconsumption?WouldeverythingItakewithmebeevenclosetothe
personalcontributionsIhavemadeforOdara?
Onthecontrary,hadInotbeenapartofthisprogram,Iwouldhaveneverendedupat
OdaraandSalvadorinthefirstplace.AndOdaradoesaim,afterall,toincreasepublic
awareness,strengtheningpoliticalvoice,andpromotingallyship.IwonderedwhyIhadbeen
acceptedintonotjustthepersonalworkspaceandactivitiesofOdara,butValdecir’shomeas
well.WhatdiditmeanforthisorganizationtotakeachanceonanAmericanforeignertheyhad
notmet,andhelpguidehimthroughaquestionaschargedandheavyasfeminicide?Theseare
allquestionsIamstillseekinganswersto.
25
CriticalSelf-Reflection
InitialMeetings
ThenightbeforeourfinaldayinSalvador,IsatnexttoBillandexpressedmysadness.I
wasincrediblygratefulforthechancetoferryouttoanislandandmeetupwithValdecirand
Odarastaff,butitmeantlosingadaywiththerestofmygroup,whoIwouldnotseefornearly
amonthastheyreturnedtoFortalezafortheirCDPs.Billremainedcalmthroughoutmy
explanation,andofferedmeanewperspectiveonthesituation.Tothinkaboutwhatitmeant
tobeinvitedwithinthepersonalspaceofValdecir’sislandhome,andtheopportunitiesIcould
unlockbyhavingmoretimewithpeopleintheorganization.“Thinkabouthowcomfortableand
establishedyouhavebecomeinthissetting,andhowlittletimeyouwillreceivewiththeOdara
women,”heexplained.Iknewhewasright.
Thenextmorningtookmethroughaseriesofubers,taxis,andaferry,finallyendingin
frontofVal’shome.WehadaquickmomenttocatchupbeforeIchangedclothesforthe
beach.Imainlysatbackandwatchedtheinteractionsbetweenthemembers.Evenontheir
retreat,theirconversationswereheavilycenteredoncontemporaryissuesaffectingBlack
women;Iquicklyrealizedthatforthem,workwithinthisrealmisn’tjustwork,itisreality.
RegardlessofwhethertheywereinOdaraornot,theirpersonallivesincludethesedaily
struggles.Theyhadsimplychosentodedicatetheir9to5’stocombatit.Afteracasualdayout,
wereturnedhomeandtheOdarawomenbegantoprepareadinnerforeveryone.
26
Themealwentwithoutanyissues,andaftereatingeverythingoffmyplate,Istoodup
tocutupamangooverthesink.Alanefollowedmeintothekitchenafteraminute,andasked
meifIwouldbereturningtothetable.IinformedherthatIwas,andshenodded,reminding
methatafterpeoplefinisheating,theyshouldtaketheirdishestowashinthesink.Ifelt
immediateanger,butkeptmyfacialexpressioncalm.IfeltasifIhadbeentreatedasachild
whodidn’tknowhowtocleanupafterthemselves,asifIhadneverbeentaughthowto
respectfullybehaveinsomeone’shome.Isawitasanattackonmypersonalcharacter.
ButthenItookastepbackandre-assessed,thinkingaboutthehistoricinteractions
betweenpeopleofcolorandWhitemen,andthecenturiesofforcedsubservienceinforming
present-dayinteractions,suchastheonethatoccurredatthatfirstdinner.Ithoughtbackto
whatBillsaid;theydon’tknowme,anditisaprivilegetobethere.Imadesuretothinkmore
criticallyofeverydecisionImade,eventhoseassmallasholdingontomyplate.
Theseverysamedynamicsmanifestedinadifferentwaywhenwewenttovisita
Candomblehouse.WhenIarrived,Itrailedbehindtheothers,observingthewayinwhich
individualswouldgreeteachotheranddoingthesame.Soonenough,Iwascalledoverbyone
ofthemembersofthehouse,awomannamedBárbara.Shewasseatedrightnexttothetable
offood,andinvitedmetograbaplate.Iservedmyselfabiteoffarinhaandabanana,carefulto
takesmallamountsdespitetheamountoffoodavailable,unsurehowmanyotherswouldbe
eatingfromtheselectionafterme.BárbarainsistedItakemore,playfullyjokingaround,andso
Idid.YetwhenIfinishedmysecondplate,shetoldmetotakeevenmore,whichIdeclined.She
27
thenaskedmetohavesomejuice,andwhenwenoticedtherewasnoneatthetable,she
startedcallingoutforsomeonetoserveandbringmejuice,andtotakeawaymyplate.I
declinedandthankedher,butsheinsistedIhavesome,andthenaskedanothermemberofthe
housewhyshehadonlybroughtacupinsteadoftheentirejar.
Istartedtofeelveryflusteredandembarrassed;toomuchattentionwasbeingcalledto
meandIdidn’twanttootherstoperceivemeassomeWhitemanthatneededtobeserveda
wholemealwhileseatedattheirtable.Nobodyelsemadeanycommenttowardstheincident,
soIwonderedifthisbehaviorwascustomarytowardsanyhouseguest.Someheightened
BrazilianhospitalitythatIwasinterpretingincorrectly.Onceweleftthehousehourslater,
NaiaraandAlanebegantotalkabouttheinteraction;theysaidtheywerequitesurprisedby
Bárbara’sbehavioraswell.
TheOdarawomenhadtakenotherpeopleasguestsinthepast,buthadneverseen
Bárbarareacttowardstheminthatway.Theysaidthattheothergueststheyhadinvitedwere
Blackwomen,andthatwasthereasonIhadreceiveddifferentialtreatment.Alaneequatedit
tothesamesituationthathadoccurredbetweenthetwoofusweeksprior,althoughInever
endedupaddressingitwithher.HerexplanationwasthatBlackwomenhavebeensocialized
andnormalizedtoservetheneedsofWhitemen.However,IhavelearnedthatCandomble
housesarespacesofsurvivalandcommunity,wheremembersdiscusstheirhistorical
persecutionandthewaysinwhichtheirspiritualityandreligionhealandfixtheworld’sills.I
28
refusedtobelievethatthesocializationofservitudeevenpermeatedwithinthesesacred
spaces,thoughIcouldneverknowforsure.
TheBusStop
MytensestmomentduringmyentirestayinSalvadorcameduringoneofmymorning
commutes.Itookthebusnearlyeveryday,andhadbecomeincrediblyfamiliarwiththeroute,
puttinginheadphonesandrelaxinguntilmystop.However,onedaywehitahugestopin
traffic,duetosomepartialblockadeoftheroadbythemilitaryPolice.Oncethebusarrivedat
thefrontoftheline,anofficerflaggedthebusovertotheside.Twoofficersboardedatthe
frontandback,wishingusagoodmorningandcallingallmentoexitthebus,havingthe
womenstayputintheirseats.Iwasthelastonetodisembark,andjoinedtheothers,pressed
upagainstthebuswithmyhandsup.Eitherfiveorsixofficerswerewatchinganotherfriskand
searchthegrouponebyone,astheywaitedwithriflesinhand.
Oncetheofficerreachedme,heaskedmetoputmyhandsupovermyhead.Then,he
toldmetotakeoffmybackpack.“Vireasmãos,”heordered,butIdidnotunderstandwhathe
wantedmetodowiththoseinstructions.Herepeateditagain,andanotherofficerthatwas
watchingonbegansayingthesamething.Iwasconcerned,soIslowlyswiveledmyheadback
andinformedthemthatIwasaforeignerlearningPortuguese,soIwashavingtrouble
understandingwhattheywanted.Theofficergrewmuchcalmerafterthis,andmadea
halfheartedeffortatcheckingmybackpack,takingasmallpeekinbeforeheletmego.Weall
boardedthebusaminutelater,andwereonourway.
29
IbroughtthisuptotheOdarawomenuponarrival,andtheytoldmethatIhadjust
gonethroughabusstopsetupbetweenthegovernmentandtheMilitaryPoliceinorderto
apprehenddrugandarmstraffickersthattakepublictransport.Iwasquiteshocked,not
becausethestopsexisted,butbecausewhatIhadjustexperiencedwasinfactoneofthestops.
IlookedbackatthevariousnewsarticlesandvideosIhadincludedinthedatabaseonthese
stops.Inoneofthevideos,amanwasslammedagainstthebusandhandcuffed,andanother
womanwasdraggedbyherhairandslappedbytwoofficersforyelling.Iknewthatastopsuch
asthiswouldnothavehappenedonmybus;itwaspickingupanddroppingoffinwealthier
partsofthecity,andthemajorityofpassengerswereWhite,anddressedinbusinessoutfits.
ThevideosIhadfoundallinvolvedperipheryneighborhoodswithBlackcommunities.OnceI
theylearnedIwasaforeigner,Iwasnolongerperceivedasapossiblethreat.Myprivileges
wereatplayonceagain.
TheParade
November20thinBrazilisDíadaConscienciaNegra,andiscelebratedasaholidayin
manystates.Bahiaisnotincluded,duetothelargenumberofChristianholidaysalready
includedintheworkcalendar.Regardless,manyneighborhoodshaveBlackpopulationsof90
percentorhigher,andsimplyshutdownthecityanywaystocelebratetheirheritage.Itraveled
toLiberdadewithPaulinha,andmetupwithtwootherstudentsworkingatIlêAiyê.We
marchedfrom15hoursuntil19hours,dancingandchantingwiththedrumsandsingersall
aroundus.Itwasabeautifuldisplayofculture,withthelargestavenueintheneighborhood
30
closingdownandmakingwayforthemainparadetruck,showcasingsingersandchanterson
topofapodium.
Despitetheenormousamountofpeoplethatshowedup,theparadewasincredibly
peaceful;everyonewastheretohaveagoodtime,andthecamaraderiewashighlyevident.It
seemsthatpastparadeshavealsogonequitesmoothly,forIonlycounted6MilitaryPolice
duringtheentirewalk,restingagainstawallatease.IthoughtaboutthenarrativesofviolenceI
hadheardfromlocalsinSalvador.Theuberdriversthatwouldnotdropmeoffacrossthe
avenuefrommyapartmentbuilding,becausetheyworriedwhatwouldhappeninthe3
minutesitwouldtakeformetowalkinside.Yetmypersonalresearchhasincludedplacessuch
asLiberdade,andthesenarrativesofdangerandcriminalityexistedintheselocationsbecause
thedrugtradeexists,andaffectsmanyofthepeoplewithwhomImarched.Iknewtherewere
truthstoeachside,thattheLiberdadeIwasseeingcontainedbothbeautyandheartbreak,
celebrationandgrief.Onthisday,however,Iwassimplyhappytobethere.“Istoéumafesta,”
thespeakerannounced,“maséumafestadaresistência!”Andtogether,weresisted.
DailyLife
LivingwithValdecirdaybydaywasanincredibleexperience.EverydayIwouldwakeup,
unsureofwhereVal’sactivitieswouldbringhernext.Alectureatalocaluniversity,ameeting
inanothercity,aseriesoferrandsbeforework,orourfinalgoodbyebeforeherconferencein
RiodeJaneiro.Wewouldwakeupandthenendeachdaymakingmealstogether,andtalk
aboutlifeintheUnitedStatesandBrazil,andwhereourprojectswereheading.
31
Itriedhelpingaroundthehomewhereverpossiblebycleaning,cooking,andshopping
withVal.WereachedapointofcomfortwhereI’dforgetthatmystaywastemporary;coming
hometoourapartmentafteralongday’sworkbecameahugerelief.Thereweremoments,
however,whereI’dberemindedthatwasavisitor.Wheneverwewentgroceryshopping,
onlookerswouldbeconfusedwithourrelationship.Valaskingmetograbbagsandvegetables
asIpushedaroundourcartcausedquiteafewheadstoturn.Whenworkerswouldcometo
leavewaterjugsatherhome,orotherapartmentresidentsstoppedby,Icouldseethe
momentaryshockontheirfaces.OnewomanevencalledValtonotifyherthattherewassome
maninherhome,eventhoughIalreadyexplainedtoherwhoIwasandwhyIwasthere.
MyPersonalProject
Mymostcriticalmomentsofself-reflectionoccurredasIlearnedaboutmytopic.Some
ofthestoriesIreadleftmeangered,bitter,anddisgusted.Ialsofeltashamedtoseesimilarities
betweenmyselfandtheseaggressors.Howmyfellowmencansubscribetoideasofabsolute
dominanceandcontrol,andextendtheirjealousyorangerormentalissuesintheformsof
physicalviolencelaidoutbeforemeinarticlesandtexts.Howtheiractionscouldcreatethe
statisticsthatleaveBrazilwiththe5thhighestrateoffeminicide:4.8deathsforevery100,000
people.IfelthelplessasIreadaboutthedecadeoffeministprotestsandmarchesfinallycreate
legislationtargetinggender-basedviolence,onlytoseethattheratesofBlackwomendying
haveincreasedoveraten-yearperiod.Thattheverylawscombatingviolencere-victimized
somewomenbecauseprofessionalswerenottrainedtointeractwithcertainpopulations.That
32
theservicesthatdidworkwereseeingenormousbudgetcutsandreductionsunderthenew
presidency,withlittlehopeforchangeunderthenewcandidatesintheupcomingcycle.
Tobehonest,Iwonderedhowwomencouldstillputsomuchtrustandloveintotheir
partners,howmorepeopledidnotliveinparanoia.Ichokedupatthestoryofagirlwhowas
rapedoverthecourseoftwoyearsbyherfatherafterhiswifepassedaway,onlystoppingonce
hefoundanewpartner.Oncethegirlranawayandreportedtheincident,themanwasnot
sentencedtoprison,becausethejuryruledthatthefather“posednorisk”towardshis
daughtersinceshehadchangedherlivingspace.Orafirefighterwalkingintoaschoolwherehis
wifeworkedandshootingherdowninbetweenclasses.Theyhada1-year-olddaughter
together.OrAmandaBueno,whosepastasanightclubdancerreceivedmoreattentionbythe
mediathanherownmurder.Thedefense’sstoryreflecteduponherlowmoralcharacter,and
howherfiancéhadsimplyactedinasinglemomentofjealousyandragewhenhehad
discoveredherworkhistory.Amomentthatsomehowinvolved12blowstothehead,and
shotstotheheadandbackutilizingavarietyoffirearms,allcapturedoncamerathroughtheir
securitysystem.Hereceivedonly40yearsinprisonforthemurderofhis29-year-oldfiancé
(DéborahandSanematsu25).
Sometimes,thetextinfrontofmewasincrediblydifficulttoworkwith.Iwouldfinishit
andsilentlyprocesswhatIhadjustread.ButIchosethistopictobeemotionallyand
intellectuallychallenged,tounderstandaconceptthatneedstobesolved.Ilookedbackatmy
ownpast,andthoughtaboutanymomentsinwhichIhadmadewomenfeeluncomfortablein
33
anyway.Ilookedatthefuture,andhowwecouldeducategenerationsofmenonwhatrespect
andlovelookslike,andhowtoseekservicesthatcouldanalyzetheirpropensitytowards
violence.Attheendofallthis,Ilearnedwaysinwhichsociety’sconstructionofmanhoodhave
beentaintedwithmachismoandotherpatriarchalideas,butalsohowlearningaboutitseffects
couldbesosobering,andsoeffectiveinself-critiquingone’sactions.Lookingforward,Iwill
alwaysseektodialogueandinformmyfellowmenabouteverythingIhavelearned,andwhat
stepswecantakeasacollectivetoshowwomentherespectthattheydeserve.
34
Conclusions
UndergoingthisCommunityDevelopmentProjectwasatransformativeexperiencefor
myself.Itallowedmetoreflectonmypositionality,andwhatitmeanttobemyselfinthe
contextofmyorganizationandproject.Treatingmyworknotasresearch,butanauto-
ethnographyand‘conviviencia’shiftedmystudiesfromtheusualpitfallsofacademia,where
communitiesaretreatedassubjectswithinaneocolonialframework.Despitethisheightened
awareness,mistakesarealwaysmadethroughouttheexperience.IfeelgratefulknowingthatI
couldproducemultiplecontributionsformyorganization,andtheyinturnhavesentmeona
journeyIwillcontinue,whetherinmystudiesormydailylife.Myworldviewshavebeenshifted
andre-arrangedforthebetter.
35
ReferencesBrazão,Analba.ViolênciaContraasMulheres.SOSCorpo,2016.Decker,M.R.,Miller,E.,Illangasekare,S.,&Silverman,J.G.(2013).Understandinggender-basedviolenceperpetrationtocreateasaferfutureforwomenandgirls.TheLancetGlobalHealth,1(4).“LeiMariadaPenha-Lei11340/06|Leinº11.340,de7deagostode2006,PresidênciadaRepublica.”Jusbrasil,presrepublica.jusbrasil.com.br/legislacao/95552/lei-maria-da-penha-lei-11340-06.“Matrizes.”InstitutoOdara,institutoodara.org.br/matrizes/.Perry,Keisha-KhanY.“GeographiesofPower:BlackWomenMobilizingIntersectionalityinBrazil.”Meridians,vol.14,no.1,2016,p.94.,doi:10.2979/meridians.14.1.08.Prado,Débora,andMarissaSanematsu.Feminicídio#InvisibilidadeMata.InstitutoPatríciaGalvão,2017.Sokoloff,Natalie,andIdaDupont.DomesticViolenceattheIntersectionsofRace,Class,andGender:ChallengesandContributionstoUnderstandingViolenceAgainstMarginalizedWomeninDiverseCommunities.SAGEPublicationsInc.
36
Appendices
EstadoCompania
LinkFecha de Publicação
Arma/ MétodoBairro
Geração da VitimaIdade do Agresor
Idade da VitimaData da Ocorência
Relação com VitimaOtra Informação
BACorreio24
http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/adolescente-de-17-anos-e-morta-a-pauladas-no-largo-do-tanque-1/?cHash=110f6d80b95c396b89cd43ef6ea9d2988/11/12
Arma BrancaLargo do Tanque
Adolescente-
17N/A
Foi morta com golpes de um pedaço de madeira em diversas partes do corpo. Também havia indícios de violência sexual. Não há mais informações sobre a autoria e motivação do crime.
BAG1
http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/01/mulher-e-morta-pelo-marido-dentro-de-casa-no-bairro-de-paripe.html4/1/16
Arma BrancaParipe
69Esposo
Posiblemente utilizou uma pá in hiding
BAG1
http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/01/mulher-e-morta-e-filho-ferido-durante-atentado-na-ba-ex-marido-e-suspeito.html12/1/16
Arma de FogoNovo Horizonte
Adulta-
4011/1/16
Ex-MaridoJustiça já tinha determinado que ele não se aproximasse da vítima depois de violência domestica, ameaça de morte.
BAG1
http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/02/mulher-e-morta-tiros-dentro-de-casa-na-ba-e-marido-e-o-principal-suspeito.html15/2/2016
Arma de FogoEdgar Trancoso
Jovem52
29N/A
Têm dois filhos, idades 7 e 10.
BAG1
http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/02/homem-tenta-matar-esposa-por-ciumes-e-atinge-amante-diz-policia.html28/2/2016
Lei Esto
BAG1
http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/03/mulher-e-achada-morta-em-casa-na-ba-marido-e-suspeito-diz-policia.html12/3/16
EstangulaçãoNova Califórnia
Adulta-
38N/A
Estrangulada
BAG1
http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/03/homem-e-preso-sob-suspeita-de-estuprar-colega-de-escola-da-filha.html24/3/2016
EstuproIbicaraí
Criança36
10Colega da Filha
Estupro, ameaça sem ela conta a alguêm.
BAG1
http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/03/homem-e-preso-por-estuprar-e-filmar-abuso-contra-enteada-no-oeste-da-ba.html28/3/2016
EstuproLuís Eduardo Magalhães
Adolescente-
13Filha
Estupro, gravação do crime foi enviado a outras pessoas
BAG1
http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/04/homem-e-preso-por-espancar-mulher-e-obrigar-crianca-comer-fezes-na-ba.html21/4/2016
TorturaConcição do Jacuípe
Varias27
17/4/2016Namorado
Torturou e mantuvou em cárcere a mulher e os dois filhos dela.
BAG1
http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/05/mulher-tem-95-do-corpo-queimado-pelo-ex-marido-e-morre-em-barreiras.html5/5/16
IncêndioBarreiras
Adulta-
4024/4/16
Ex-MaridoCasados por 20 anos, teveram quatro filhos juntos.
BAG1
http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/05/mulher-e-esfaqueada-na-ba-e-marido-e-suspeito-de-cometer-o-crime-diz-pm.html11/5/16
EsfaqueamentoConceição do Coité
Adulta-
5111/11/16
MaridoNenhum
BACorreio24
http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/major-diz-que-matou-mulher-dentro-de-escola-em-castelo-branco-por-ciumes/?cHash=afc52f2fe637dcce431defcf5bee961e13/5/2016
Arma de FogoCastelo Branco
Adulta45
4013/5/2016
MaridoSubcomandante do 3º Grupamento de Bombeiros Militar foi autuado em flagrante por homicídio. Os dois estavam casados há 21 anos e tinham uma filha adolescente. Ele alegou como motivação para o crime ciúmes, afirmando que desconfiava de uma traição da mulher.
BAG1
http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/06/homem-e-preso-suspeito-de-estuprar-sobrinha-de-9-anos-na-bahia.html7/6/16
EstuproGuanambi
Criança36
94/7/16
SobrinhaHomen apresentou documentos do irmão dele. Os mesmos documentos já haviam usados por 13 anos, foi preso por um homicídio.
BAG1
http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/06/homem-e-preso-suspeito-de-estupro-contra-filha-da-namorada-na-bahia.html8/6/16
EstuproGongogi
Criança38
12-
Filha da NamoradaNenhum
BAG1
http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/06/garota-acusa-pai-guarda-municipal-de-estupros-apos-morte-da-mae-na-bahia.html9/6/16
EstuproFeira da Santana
Adolescente57
15Varias
FilhaAbusos ocorreram quando ela tinha entre 12 e 14 anos, após a mãe morrer. A menina, no entanto, era muito maltratada e decidiu fugir de casa. Jutiça decidou que pai não está correndo resco a filha porque ela saiou de casa, então não vai a prisão.
BAG1
http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/06/suspeito-de-estuprar-enteada-de-12-anos-e-preso-em-vitoria-da-conquista.html10/6/16
EstuproVitória da Conquista
Adolescente33
12Varias
Nenhuma RelaçãoEstupros aconteciam há mais de um ano. A adolescente engravidou e, com dezesseis semanas, aproximadamente, ela abortou. Em depoimento, o homem assumiu o crime e ainda confessou o assassinato de um pedreiro.
BAG1
http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/06/cigano-e-suspeito-de-matar-mulher-na-frente-do-filho-no-dia-dos-namorados.html15/6/2016
Arma de FogoRiacho de Santana
Adulta53
4612/6/16
EsposoTiro de espingarda em frente de dois filhos, estava bebido. Têm quatro filhos juntos. Homen fugiu a pé.
BACorreio24
http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/mulher-e-baleada-durante-tiroteio-entre-bandidos-e-pms-em-sao-caetano/?cHash=52be9c189acbacb765de3177267be37316/6/2016
Arma de FogoSão Ceatano
JovemVarios
2815/9/2016
N/AFoi baleada durante tiroteio entre bandidos e policiais. Três homens foram mortos por policiais.
BAG1
http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/06/suspeito-de-estuprar-enteada-de-6-anos-se-entrega-policia-na-bahia.html21/6/2016
EstuproAreia Fina/ Laje
Criança30
6Varias
PadrastoHomen estuprou filho, mãe também foi presa por ter sido conivente com o crime
BAG1
http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/07/noivo-de-professora-morta-facadas-na-bahia-e-preso-diz-delegado.html6/7/16
Arma BrancaRiachão do Jacuípe
Adulta29
356/6/16
NoivoA professora Ienata Pedreira Rios foi encontrada morta dentro de casa, vítima tinha ferimentos de faca pelo corpo. As investigações do crime contra a professora de inglês Ienata Pedreira Rios apontam a crueldade do assassino.
BAG1
http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/07/adolescente-de-15-anos-e-morta-pelo-namorado-apos-briga-diz-policia.html18/7/2016
Arma de FogoBandeirantes/ Itabela
Adolescente29
1517/7/2016
NamoradoA arma utilizada no crime foi um revólver tipo "garruncha". De acordo com a polícia, a adolescente perdeu, há dois meses, um filho que esperava do namorado. A garota queria terminar o relacionamento, mas o homem não aceitava.
BACorreio24
http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/duas-mulheres-sao-assassinadas-na-liberdade/?cHash=a92032f52669eeb7577c2c1dd14c02512/8/16
Arma de FogoLiberdade
Adulta-
-2/8/16
N/ADois mulheres foram encontrada na mesma rua, baleadas diversas vezes em diferentes partes do corpo. Moradores acionaram os policiais depois de ouvir tiros na região.
BACorreio24
http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/homens-invadem-casa-no-cabula-amarram-e-amordacam-mulher/?cHash=b24d60d14e41b442be3d0f06ff0df0975/8/16
TorturaCabula
Adulta-
414/8/16
N/AUma mulher foi encontrada pela filha amarrada e amordaçada dentro de sua própria casa. Dois homens invadiram sua casa. Ela acreditava que os homens eram os mesmos que a assaltaram no mesmo dia, só que mais cedo.
BA Correio24
http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/mulher-e-morta-e-jovem-fica-ferido-em-ataque-no-iapi/?cHash=280545099b5cf5c0b62d386983cf9f5319/8/2016
Arma de FogoIAPI
Adolescente-
2119/8/2016
N/AUma mulher ainda não identificada e Alexandro Oliveira Santos, de 21 anos, foram baleados. Mulher não resistiu, estado de saúde de Alexandro não foi divulgado.
BACorreio24
http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/vizinha-esfaqueia-mulher-no-rosto-em-sussuarana-velha/?cHash=64bd66d60d531808ad2797b5dec52b9a1/9/16
EsfaqueamentoSussuarana Velha
Adolescente-
211/9/16
VizinihaEsfaqueada por uma vizinha durante uma discussão. Estado de saúde da jovem não foi divulgado. Autora do crime não foi localizada.
BACorreio24
http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/mulher-de-28-anos-e-esfaqueada-pelo-irmao-adolescente-em-castelo-branco/?cHash=91d815eb38f0d1f192fbacdc5fc4f4d62/9/16
Arma BrancaCastelo Branco
Jovem17
282/9/16
IrmãoEsfaqueada. Não se save o que motivo a briga. foi informado à Delegacia do Adolescente Infrator (DAI), por envolver um menor de idade.
BACorreio24
http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/mulher-e-morta-com-diversos-tiros-em-praca-de-sao-cristovao/?cHash=010d4e8b33cbda5b3119aeaf724c276e4/9/16
Arma de FogoSão Cristóvão
Jovem29
3/9/16Não há informações sobre as circunstâncias do crime, nem sobre autoria e motivação. Diversos disparos de arma de fogo, atingida por tiros no tórax, cabeça e abdômen.
BACorreio24
http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/mulher-e-morta-durante-assalto-na-vasco-da-gama/?cHash=1da68c45fa919ac924cb35ef1c9606e511/9/16
Arma de FogoVasco da Gama
Adulta-
3210/9/16
N/AMulher foi morta durante um assalto, estava acompanhada do filho. Homem armado levou o celular da vítima e atirou no tórax dela.
BACorreio24
http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/mulher-e-morta-a-tiros-na-ribeira-em-salvador/?cHash=1cf3012483b3b07529b6cf8efd66ad9919/9/2016
Arma de FogoRiberia
Adulta-
-19/9/2016
N/ANão há informações sobre a identidade da vítima, nem a motivação do crime.
BACorreio24
http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/diarista-foi-morta-na-frente-de-filha-de-um-ano-e-dez-meses/?cHash=8be742f4cdc48769f2f47cafff09aad13/10/16
Arma de FogoBoca do Rio
Jovem23
253/10/16
MaridoFilho viu a morte de sua mãe pelo marido. Comprou revólver quando trabalhava para a facção Caveria. Saiu de casa depois do assasinato, deivou o filho na casa. Marido disse que ela cometeu suicídio, e negou ser dono da arma e ter envolvimento com o tráfico.
BACorreio24
http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/corpo-de-mulher-e-encontrado-em-cova-rasa-na-nova-constituinte/?cHash=e317cf90ce2337085af1cfaef51d761315/10/2016
Arma de FogoNova Constituinte
JovemVarias
2114/10/2016
N/AMulher amarrado e arrastada pelo grupo de cinco homens armados. Assasinada por arma de fogo. Polícia encontrou a ela em uma cova rasa numa quintal.
BACorreio24
http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/ele-vai-ser-pego-e-vai-pagar-por-tudo-eu-to-acabada-diz-operadora-atacada-por-maniaco-da-seringa/?cHash=4ef492d6679e068a91e4053562bf32b220/10/2016
Arma BrancaSantos Pires
Adulta-
41Nenhuma Relação
Um homen colocou uma seringa, mulher têm dores e uma perna dormente. Medicação que consumiu foi forte: "Dá tontura, vômito."
BACorreio24
http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/mulher-agredida-por-guardas-municipais-nao-registrou-queixa/?cHash=3c1e7d7abcc0494d5f44285b92b074764/11/16
BaterCampo Grande
AdultaVarias
-2/11/16
Nenhuma RelaçãoDois guardas municipais tapam mulher durante abordagem do ônibus. Guardas foram afastados do cardo, sendo investigados.
BACorreio24
http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/juiza-nega-prisao-domiciliar-e-transfere-bombeiro-que-matou-esposa-para-a-mata-escura/?cHash=ab80df5ab432584b8cce7a4d5e2fe9dc7/11/16
Arma de FogoMata Escura
Adulta45
4013/5/2016
EsposoMata a tiros esposa na escola onde ela trabalhava. Defesa é que têm problemas de saude mental, e que o Batalhão da Polícia de Choque seja melhor para abrigar-lhe. Juíza determinou que seja transferido a o COP, não é necesario transferir-lo para um Hospital de Tratamento.
BACorreio24
http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/justica-decide-manter-preso-mecanico-condenado-por-estupro-de-enteada/?cHash=4bafd86e38722e0cfad457c0a39fb6429/11/16
Estupro-
Adolescente47
20Maio 2016
PadrastroMecânico condenado a dez anos de prisão por estupro, vai continuar preso. Denúncia original foi da enteada dele por ser abusido umas quantas veces. Padrastro pediu revisão do caso, alegando que seu pai biológico a obrigou a inventar a mentira.
BACorreio24
http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/bahia/noticia/acusado-de-matar-ex-em-cidade-nova-e-preso-em-maragogipe/?cHash=4313d279c0d3e0df3a06449f4550dbf521/11/2016
Arma de FogoCidade Nova
Jovem33
2810/11/16
Ex NamoradoHebert e Isaneide namoraram por três anos, mas há três meses o relacionamento acabou. Ele não aceitava o término do namoro, ela foi baleada duas vezes, na cabeça e no braço.
BACorreio24
http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/mulher-e-baleada-oito-vezes-dentro-de-delicatessen-em-pernambues/?cHash=de1dcbc042ff2bfe1889b7f70124243120/12/2016
Arma de FogoPernambués
Adulta-
4119/12/2016
N/AFoi baleada oito vezes, homen armado com pistola ponto 40. Criminoso não foi localizado.
BAG1
http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2016/12/sargento-atirou-em-4-mulheres-apos-filho-se-envolver-em-briga-na-bahia.html27/12/2016
Arma de FogoVera Cruz
Adultas49
Varias27/12/2016
VizinhoFoi motivado por uma briga entre o filho do sargento aposentado da Polícia Militar. Após matar duas vizinhas e ferir outras duas, o sargento, que tinha 49 anos, foi morto pelo filho dentro de casa. O rapaz, que tinha 27 anos, se matou em seguida.
BACorreio24
http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/mulher-e-retirada-pelos-cabelos-de-casa-e-morta-a-tiros-em-cajazeiras/?cHash=4bc068557f945994fc454c6087398bf227/12/2016
Arma de FogoCajazeiras
AdultaVarias
451/1/17
N/ATorturada e assassinada. Dez homens armados pularam o muro e invadiram a casa de Ivonete, retiraram ela de casa pelos cabelos e fizeram os disparos já na rua. Levaram o corpo da mulher.
BACorreio24
http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/bebe-morre-apos-namorada-da-mae-incendiar-casa-em-periperi/?cHash=7732d9a5366b5bc3bf3b5eac373d832a26/1/2017
IncêndioPeriperi
Criança48
126/1/2017
Namorada da mãe"A mãe saiu de casa depois da briga e deixou o bebê com a filha maior, que tem uns nove anos. A companheira pegou o bebê, jogou no colchão e tocou fogo, logo depois trancou a casa e tentou fugir”
BA LDNotícias
http://www.ldnoticias.com.br/noticias/23716,mulher-atingida-por-bala-perdida-dentro-de-casa-em-brotas.html27/1/2017
Arma de FogoEngenho Velho de BrotasAdulta
3426/1/2017
N/AHomens estavam realizando um tiroteio, vitima foi atingida na perna por bala perdida. Agressor foi médico por escoriações e ancaminhada para a Central de Flagrantes.
BAAtarde
http://atarde.uol.com.br/bahia/salvador/noticias/1828001-mulher-e-torturada-e-morta-apos-olhar-de-cara-feia-para-bandidos1/2/17
VariasCajazeiras IX
AdultaVarias
451/1/17
N/AEla foi espancada, esfaqueada e baleada após olhar de "cara feia" para homens que invadiram a laje da sua casa para realizar uma festa.
BACorreio24
http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/jovem-e-esfaqueada-e-aponta-ex-namorado-como-autor-em-paripe/?cHash=3ef2ff757e6ffa63b741bc44222272c01/2/17
EsfaqueamentoParipe
Jovem-
2431/2/2017
Ex NamoradoFoi atingida por golpes de faca no abdômen, tórax, costas, braços e pernas. Ela foi socorrida para o Hospital do Subúrbio. Ex-Namorado estava inconformado com fim do relacionamento que teria durado sete anos.
BACorreio24
http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/familia-de-mulher-morta-por-policiais-na-boca-do-rio-vai-denunciar-o-caso-a-corregedoria/?cHash=6fe54fbb94fa7e2c3cc3eb914a73675a4/2/17
Arma de FogoBoca do Rio
AdultaVarias
532/2/17
Polícia MilitarA arma utilizada no crime foi um revólver tipo "garruncha". De acordo com a polícia, a adolescente perdeu, há dois meses, um filho que esperava do namorado. A garota queria terminar o relacionamento, mas o homem não aceitava.
BA Correio24
http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/jovem-gravida-e-esfaqueada-pelo-marido-e-perde-o-bebe-em-salvador/?cHash=68d1c1ae462d87fed3cc0e554bd53c4a12/2/17
EsfaqueamentoCazajeiras XI
Jovem19
2112/2/17
MaridoGrávida, acabou perdendo o bebê. Esfaqueou na barriga depois de uma briga em casa.
BACorreio24
http://www.correio24horas.com.br/detalhe/salvador/noticia/mulher-de-51-anos-e-morta-e-crianca-de-10-fica-ferida-em-sete-de-abril/?cHash=36dbd8337463c8b751f5bd2d73d9fa0720/2/2017
Arma de FogoSete de Abril
AdultaVarios
5119/2/2017
Nenhuma RelaçãoNa hora, a rua estava movimentada, com o comércio local ainda em pleno funcionamento. Maria Célia trabalhava vendendo doces. Homens passaram em um carro e fizeram diversos disparos que atingiram Maria Célia.
BASimoesFilho
http://www.simoesfilhoonline.com.br/cabeleireira-estuprada-e-morta-facadas-dentro-de-apartamentos-em-simoes-filho/27/2/2017
Esfaqueamento, EstuproSimões Filho
Jovem-
2426/2/2017
N/ADeixa um filho de 07 anos de idade. A autoria e a motivação são desconhecidas.
BABocao
https://www.bocaonews.com.br/noticias/policia/policia/168648,corpo-de-mulher-e-encontrado-em-telhado-de-casa-no-bairro-de-pernambues.html6/3/17
Arma de FogoPernambués
Jovem-
292/3/17
N/AA vítima foi encontrada após a dona da residência ouvir um forte barulho.
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