BISHOP SCOTT BOYS' SCHOOL DAY-1

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Page 1 of 4 BISHOP SCOTT BOYS’ SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE, New Delhi) Affiliation No.: 330726, School Campus: Chainpur, Jaganpura, By-Pass, Patna 804453. Phone Number: 7061717782, 9798903550. , Web: www.bishopscottboysschool.com Email: [email protected] STUDY COURSE MATERIAL ENGLISH SESSION-2020-21 CLASS-VI TOPIC: English Reader Poem - The Banyan Tree English Grammar Chapter - 10 Direct and Indirect Speech DAY-1 TEACHINGMMATERIAL Poem: The Banyan Tree

Transcript of BISHOP SCOTT BOYS' SCHOOL DAY-1

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BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

ENGLISH SESSION-2020-21

CLASS-VI

TOPIC

English Reader Poem - The Banyan Tree

English Grammar Chapter - 10 Direct and Indirect

Speech

DAY-1

TEACHINGMMATERIAL

Poem The Banyan Tree

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DAY-2

TEACHING MATERIAL

Character Sketch

Rabindranath Tagore was born on 07th May 1861 in Kolkata and died on 07 th August 1941 in

Kolkata He was a bengali poet shirt story writer song composer essayist and painter who

introduced new prose and verse firms and the use of colloquial language in bengali literature He

became in 1913 the first one European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature for his book Gitanjali

He wrote Jana Gana Jana which is adopted as Indias national anthem

Summary of the poem

Word meaning

1 Shaggy - headed - the branches of the tree are long thick and

unkempt giving it an untidy appearance

2 Shuttles - tools that are part of a weaves loom

3 Tapestry - a piece of cloth with patterns or designs that are

woven or swen onto it using colourful threads

4 Margin - border

DAY-3

TEACHING MATERIAL Answer these following questions

1 Why does the speaker call the tree shaggy- headed What caused the tree-top

to become like this

Answer The speaker calls the tree shaggy- beaded because its leaves and

branches are shabby and unkempt The trees branches are like this probably

because of the birds that fly in and out of the canopy

2 In what way does the speaker compare himself with the birds that used to live

in the branches of the banyan tree

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Answer The speaker compares his plight to that of the birds that used to live in

the banyan tree He wonders if the tree has forgotten him just as it forget the

birds who grew up in the branches of the banyan tree and then flew away

3 What would the child sit and think about Why does he think about these

things

Answer The child used to sit and think about the ways in which he could form a

deeper bond with the tree Therefore he thought about how wonderful it would

be to the wind that blew through the trees branches to be the trees shadow so

that he would always be near it be a bird that sat on the treetop looking down on

the world below or be the ducks that would lazily float by sheltered by the shade

of the tree

4 How does the childs interaction with the tree in stanza -2 different from the way

he wishes to interact with the tree in stanza -6

Answer In Stanza-2 the boy is sitting by his window and watching the tree and

thus his interaction with the tree is limited to observing it closely However in

Stanza-6 we see that he no longer wants to a bystander Here he wants to build a

deeper bond with the tree by becoming a part of it in different ways

5 We get the idea that the speaker of the poem is the child that is being talked

about We can say this because

(a) the memories that he recalls are deeply personal and very richly detailed

(b) their is no mention of any other child in the poem

Answer(a) The memories that he recalls are deeply personal and very richly

detailed

DAY-4

TEACHING MATERIAL

Chapter - 10 Direct and Indirect speech

bull There are two ways in which we may report the words of a speaker or a writer

1 Direct speech The actual words used by the speaker are called direct speech such as

For example 1 My father said I am not feeling well

2 Neha said I am happy today

2 Indirect speech gives an account of something that someone has said but without quoting the

actual words that were used ______

For example 1 My father said that he was not feeling well

2 Neha said that she was happy that day

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DAY-5

TEACHING MATERIAL

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BIHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT -HINDI

SESSION-2020-21

CLASS-6

Chepter वयाकरण

TOPIC ( पराग) पाठ _ 11 सााप की मणण 12 णिषठर अिका पा वयाकरण (

परखर) पाठ_10 करिया 11 काल

DAY-1

पाठ ___ 11 सााप की मणण

पाठ का उददशय _ इस कहािी क माधयम स सााप की मणण की वासतणवकता का पता चलता ह वाचि कौशल का णवकास भी

होगा

पाठ की भणमका_ परमचाद ि सााप क मणण क पीछ णछपी सतयकथाा को उजागर करकया ह यािी सााप की वासतणवकता स

पररणचत करवाि का परयास करकया ह

शबदााथथ __

णजि _ चचथाा

मोल_ कीमत मला य

जगि _ एक परकार का पतागाा णजसका शरीर स रोशिाी णिकलती ह

चाचल_ जो णसथर ि हो

समािाथी या परयायवाचाी

1 तलवार _ खडग शमशीर अणस करवाल

2 तालााब _ ताल सर सरोवर तडाग

3करदि_ करदवस वार वासर अहि

4 दःख _ वदिा वयथाा कषट पीडा

5 णिमथल_ शदध पावि सवचछ पणवतर

णवपररताथथक या णवलोम शबद

उदयम आलसा य

जीवि मता य

िमर िर

जय पराजय

िया परािा

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णलणखत कायथ_

(ख)

परशन 1 लखक कोलाबो कयो जािा चाहता था

उततर_ लखक कोलाबो घमि जािा चाहत थणवशषकर रावण की लाकापराी दखि क णलए

परशन 2 सााप की मणण क बारा म लखक ि कया सि रखाा था

उततर_ सााप की मणण क बार म लखक ि यह सि रखाा था करक उसका मोल सात बादशाहाोाा क होता ह

परशा ि 3सााप की मणण क बार म लखक क दोसत ि कया जािकारी दी

उततर _ सााप की मणण क बार म लखक क दोसत ि यह जािकारी दी करक__ लो भाई मणण का पता चल गया

परशन 4 सााप की मणण परापत करि क णलए करकस चीज का इसतमाल करकया गया और कस

उततर_ सााप की मणण परापत करि क णलए कीचड का करकसतमाल करकया गया

लखक क दोसत चपक स एक पड पर चढ गए और लखक को भी चढि का इशारा करि लगालखक भी

ऊपर चढ तब उिक दोसत डाणलयो पर स होत हए ठीक सााप क ऊपर आ गए और झट स उस मणण पर कीचड फक

करदएअाधारा छ गया और सााप घबडाकर इधर उधर दौडि लगाा इस परकार दोिोाा ि रात उसी पड क ऊपर गजाराी

एवम दसर करदि सवरा होत ही दोिोाा मणण लकर घर पहाच गए

परशन 5 लखक को मणण दखिा पर भी णवशवाास िही हो रहाा था कयो

उततर_ लखक को मणण दखकर भी णवशवाास इसणलए िहीाा हो रहा था कयोकरक लखक ि यह सि रखा था करक उसका मोल

सात बादशाहो क बराबर ह लकरकि यह मणण जो सााप क पास स लाया था इसम ऐसा कछ िही थायह एक पतथर था जो गमथ

होि पर रोशिाी दता था एवम गमथाी खतम होि पर सााप इसा पिः माह म रख लता था और भोजि की तलाश म णिकलता

था

परशन 6 मणण की सचचाई क बार म लखक को कया पता चल

उततर _ जबतक मणण को लखक ि िही दखाा था तबतक उनह यह सात बादशाहाोाा क बराबर की कोई चीज लगती थी

लकरकि जब लखक ि इसा अपिी आाखाोाा स दखाा तो इसम वसी कोई चीज िजर िही आई

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DAY 2

पाठ12 णिषठर अिका पा

पाठ का उददशा य_ इस पाठ क माधयम स यह बताि का परयास करकया गया

ह करक करा महीि होि स गरीबाी और परशाािी लगातार बढती ह

पाठ की भाणमका _ हमााा झठाी शाि म ि पडकर अपिी णसथणत का

धयाि रखिा चणहए और उसी क अिसार काम करिा चाणहएपररशरम करि

स जयादा सवाभाणवक पति कछ और िही हो सकता

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णलणखत कायथ

परशन 1 चाराोाा भाइयो क दवाराा काम ि करि का कया पररणाम हआ

उततर_ चाराोाा भाइयो क दवाराा काम ि करि का पररणाम हआ करक उिक

घर की णसथणत और करदि पर करदि बााद स बदतर होि लगाी

परशन2 साणहजि क पड स घर क लोग कस लाभ उठात थ

उततर _ साणहजि क पड स घर क लोग साणहजााि की फणललयोाा को

बचकर उिस णमला पसो स अपिा गजर बसर करत थ

परशन 3 ररशतदार क साथ सभाी लोग खािा खाि कयो िहीाा बठा

उततर_ ररशतदार क साथ सभाी लोग खािा खाि इसणलए िही बठा

कयोकरक उनह अपिी बदहालाी का गमाि थायािी व अपिी णसथणत को

जाित थ सार लोगाोाा क साथ खािा खाि स ररशतदार को उिकी

बदहालाी का पता शीघर ही चल जाता

परशन 4 महमाि ि गरीबाी का अिमाि कस लगाा णलयाऔर उसक मि म

कस णवचार आए

उततर_ महमाि ि दो बार ही भोजि करि पर तार णलया य लोग गरीबाी

क णशकार हो रहा हाा पहलाी बार भोजि तयार हआ तब बड भाई ि

बहि बिाया करक आज मरा सोमवार का वरत ह म खािा िही खाऊा गा

दसर ि कहाा मर पट म दरा द ह डॉकटर ि खाि स मिाा करकया ह

तीसर ि कहाा करक उस अपि दोसत क यहाााा जािा ह

ररशतदार क मिो यह णवचार आया करक णजस सहजि क पड

की फणललयो को बचकर य अपिा गजर बसर करत ह उसको ही काट करदया

जाए करफर तो य जब भखाोाा मरगा तो काम धाध पर णिकलगा ही

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परशन5 का जणडि ि बड भाई की मजबराी का फायदा कस उठाया

उततर_ महमाि क आि स भाई को मजबर पाकर का जणडि ि काम पस

करदए

परशन 6 महमाि ि सहजि का पड कयो काट करदया और उसका पररणाम कया

हआ

उततर _ महमाि ि चाराोाा भाइयो की काणहली को खता म करि की

खाणतर सहजि क पड को जड स ही काट करदया

पड क कटत ही उस पररवार म दणिक जररतो की सामािो क

णलए लोग छटपटाि लगाी करफर चाराोाा भाइयो ि कहाीाा ि कही

अपिी अपिी िौकराी

ढाढ ली और करफर उिकी णसथणत ठीक होि लगाी

परशर7 बढी माा ि महमाि क परणत करकस तरह का णवचार वयका त करकया

उततर _ यह दषट महमाि कहाााा स आया था यह ररशतदार िही

महमाि िहीाा णपछला जिा म का हमारा दशमि थल अगर इसा हमारी

बरी दशा पर तरस आ रहाा था तो हमार घर आठ दस मि अिाज ही

णभजवा करदया होता हमार घर k एकमातर सहार सणहजि को इसि कयो

काट डालाा

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परशन 8 महमाि को णवदा करत समय सभाी भाइयो ि कया कहाा

उततर_ उस करदि आपि हमारा सणहजि का पड िही काटा मािाो

हमारी काणहलाी को काट कर फ क करदया था अगर आप हम सब पर तरस

खाकर दस पााच मि अिाज हमार घर भज दत तो हम और भी िीचा णगर

जात पर बजकरदल बि जात आपि हमार बगीच का पड णगरकर हमारी

णगराी हई करकसमत को ही ऊा चा उडा करदयाह दणिया म बाधा होता ऐस

होाा

आशय सपषट करााा __

1 करकतिाा अचछा परणतणषठत खािदाि ह झठाी और बिावटी इजजत क

खयाल स य िौजवाि लडक खाि पीि की तकलीफ बदाथसत कर रहा हाा

उततर _ परसतत पाणि हमार पाठय पसतक परााग क शीषथक णिषठर अिका पा

स ली गई हइस कहािी क माधयम स लखक ि खािदाि की परणतषठा को

सबस ऊपर करदखात हए यह बताि का परयास करकया ह करक कल की मयाथदा ि

णमट जाए चाह हणममत जाएा याणि चाराोाा भाई अपि खािदाि की

खाणतर कोई काम धाधा िही करकया

2 उसका कठोर करा म क पीछ उसक करदल की िकिीयताी थी कोई

खराब इरादा िही

उततर _ परसाग _ यथावत रहाााग

वयाखा या _ उपयथि पाणि क आधार पर लखकि यहबतााि का

परयास करकया ह करक पररवार की णबगडती णसथणत को जब ररशतदार भााप

जाता ह तो उसकी मदद करि की बजााय उिक एकमातर सहार सहजि क

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पड को जड स काट दता हइस परकार व अपिी भरण पोषण करि हत काम

धाध म भी लग जात हाा अतः इिकी णसथणत म सधाार आि लगत हाा और

व लोग करफर स अपि परािी णसथणत म वापस आि लगत हाा

DAY-3

पाठ 10 करिया (क)

1 करिया करकसा कहत हाा

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उततर _ ऐस शबद णजिस करकसाी काम क करि या होि का पता चलता ह

उनह करिया कहत हाा

उदाहरण_ मायाा पसतक पढ रहाी हाा__ इस वाकय म( पढ रहाी ह )

करिया ह

2 धात करकसा कहत हाा उदाहरण दकर समझाइए

उततर _ करिया क मल रप को धात कहत हाा

जस __ पढिा करिया म पढ धात ह

णलखिा __ णलख

खािा ___ खा आकरद

3 ललाग और वचि क आधार पर करिया म करकस परकार का पररवतथि

आता ह

उततर _ 1 ललाग का परभााव _ वाकय म करिया का रप करता क अिसार

पररवरतथत होता ह

जस _ रणव गीत गा रहाा ह

भाविा गीत गा रहाी ह

2 वचि का परभााव _ वाकय म करिया का रप करता क वचि क

अिसार पररवरतथत होता ह

जस __ बचचाा खल रहाा ह

बचचा खल रहा हाा

4 करा म क आधार पर करिया क भदो की जािकारी उदाहरण क साथ

समझााओ

उततर _ करा म क आधार पर करिया क दो भद हाा __

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1 अकमथक करिया _ ऐसी करियाएा णजिका फल करा म पर पडता ह

अकामथक करिया कहलाती हाा

जस __ बचचाा खल रहाा ह

भाविा रो रही ह पहचाि _ करिया क साथ कया लगाकर परशन

पछि पर कोई उततर परापत िही होता ह

2 साकमथक करिया __ ऐसी करियाएा णजिा ह करा म की अपकषा

रहती ह सकमथक करिया कहलाती हाा

जस _ आशा गीत सि रहाी ह

माली पौधाा लगाा रहाा ह

पहचाि __ करिया क साथ कया लगाा कर परशन पछि पर उततर परापत होता

सकमथक करिया क भी दो भद होत हाा___

एककरा मक करिया __ वह पसतक पढ रहाा ह

धोबाी कपड धो रहाा ह

णदवकमथक करिया_ णपता ि पतर को पसतक लाकर दी

मि अणतणथयो को चाय णपलाई

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DAY-4 पाठ11 काल परशन 1 काल करकसा कहत ह उततर _ करिया का वह रप णजसस उसक होि या करि का समय जञात हो काल कहलाता ह जस _ म पढाी थी

म पढती हा म पढागी

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DAY 5 परशन 2 काल क तीिाोाा भडो क पररचय दीणजए उततर_ काल क तीि भद हाा ___ 1 भतकाल __ करिया क णजस रप स बीत समय म कायथ क होि का

बोध हो भतकाल कहलाता ह जस _ मि पसतक पढाी म जला दी सो गई थी 2 वतथमाि काल _ करिया क णजस रप स चल रहा समय म कायथ

क होि का बोध होता ह वतथमाि काल कहत हाा जस _ करकसाि खत जोत रहाा ह वषथाा हो रहाी होगी 3 भणवषयत काल __ करिया क णजस रप स आि वाला समय म

कायथ क होि का बोध होता ह भणवषयत काल कहत हाा जस __ मालती पाठ पढागी मझा कल घर जािा ह

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Page 14 of 14

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BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmail infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

MATHEMATICS

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

TOPIC Decimals

DAY-1 TEACHING MATERIAL

Decimals- The numbers expressed in decimal forms are called decimals For eg 68

1673 etc is a decimal

Decimal places - The number of digits contained in the decimal part of a decimal

gives the number of decimal places

for eg 574 has two decimal places and 8536 has three decimal places

Like Decimals- Decimals having the same number of decimal places are called like

decimals For eg 673 805 1908 are like decimals each having two decimal places

Unlike Decimals - Decimals having different number of decimal places are called

unlike decimals For eg 63 864 10023 are unlike decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

Page 2 of 8

httpyoutubeBeZyGg8xVCE

DAY-2

TEACHING MATERIAL

Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction bull Write the given decimal without the decimal point as the numerator of the fraction

bull In the denominator write 1 followed by as many zeros as there are decimal places in the given decimal

bull Reduce the above fraction to the simplest form

Converting a fraction into a Decimal

bull Divide the numerator by the denominator till a non zero remainder is obtained

bull Put a decimal point in the dividend as well as in the quotient

bull Put a zero on the right of the decimal point in the dividend asas well as on the

right of the remainder

bull Divide again just as we do in whole numbers

bull Repeat steps 3 and 4 till the remainder is zero

Page 3 of 8

httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk

httpsyoutubedo_IbHId2Os

Related Questions-

bull Convert each of the following into a fraction in its simplest form-

a) 08 b) 006

bull Convert each of the following as a mixed fraction

a) 56 b)6004

bull Convert the following into like decimals-

65 1604 0274 1194

bull Arrange the following decimals into ascending order

a) 46 74 458 732 406 b) 05 55 505 005 555

bull Express 45 mm in cm m and km

DAY-3 TEACHING MATERIAL

Addition and Subtraction of Decimals

Method

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals

bull Write the addends one under the other in column form keeping points of all the addends in the same

column and the digits of the same place in the same column

bull Add as in the case of whole numbers

bull In the sum put the decimal point directly under decimal points in the addends

Page 4 of 8

Subtraction of Decimals

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals bull Write the smaller number under the larger one in column form in such a way that the

decimals points of both the numbers are in the same column and the digits of the same

place lie in the same column bull Subtract as we do Im case of whole numbers

Related Questions-

Add the following--

a) 16 87 095 68 and 777 b) 125 1447 56 and 2146

Subtract

a) 1479 from 7243 b) 6732 from 9001

Take out 5746 from 91

What is to be added to 6358 to get 92

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutube5sbXpfJQSN8

httpyoutubejoF4sYmuC88

PPT LINKS

httpsyoutube5udpHfBlGxs

DAY-4

bull Multiplication of decimals-

Multiplication of a Decimal by 10 100 1000 etc

Page 5 of 8

On multiplying by 10 100 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the right by one two three places and so

on

Multiplication of a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Multiply the decimal without the decimal point by a given whole number

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product to have as many places of decimal as in the given decimal

Multiplication of a Decimal by a Decimal

Step 1 Multiply the two decimals without the decimal point just like whole numbers

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product in such s way that the number of decimal places in the product

is equal to the sum of the decimal places in the given decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

httpyoutube3H9DYeR5Wmg

Related Questions

1 Multiply 0086 by 076

2 Find the product of 047 times 53 times 006

3 If the cost of a pen is ₹ 2850 Find the cost of 48 such pens

4 A taxi driver charges ₹ 980 per km How much will he charge for a journey of 1065 km

DAY-5 Division of decimals

Page 6 of 8

Dividing a Decimal by 10 1001000 etc

Rules i) On dividing a Decimal by 10 the decimal point is shifted to the left by one place

ii) On dividing a Decimal by 100 the decimal point is shifted to the left by two places

iii) On dividing a Decimal by 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the left by three places and so on

Dividing a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Perform the division by considering the dividend a whole number

Step 2 When the division of whole number part of the dividend is completeput the

decimal point in the quotient and proceed with the decision as in case of whole

numbers

Related Questions

Divide the following

a) 168 by 12 b) 0567 by 9

A bowler took 15 wickets for 321 runsWhat is his average score per wicket

A car covers a distance of 1089km in 18 hours What is the average speed of

the car

VIDEO-LINKS httpyoutubeHdU_rf7eMTI

Exercise

bull Solve the following

a) add ( 238 2367 68 and 006)

b) Subtract 13486 from 22

c) 08 times 89 times 26

Page 7 of 8

d) 111times 12times 012

e)1646divide 20

bull What should be added to 206 to get 31

bull What should be subtracted from 01 to get 04

bull The product of two decimals is 1824 If one of them is 064 find the other

bull How many pieces of plywood each 045 cm thick are required to make a pile 243m high

bull Each side of a polygon is 29 cm in length and its perimeter is 174cm How many sides does the

polygon have

bull Express in km using decimal

a) 65m b) 3km 5m

bull By how much should 3267 be increased to get 601

bull A tin of oil weighs 168kgWhat is the weight of 45 such tins

bull Divide

a) 1319 by 10

b) 008 by 10

c) 47 by 1000

d) 002 by 100

Mind Map

Page 8 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

SCIENCE

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

CHAPTER- 5 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

DAY-1

NCERT Book Links ndash

Topic- Need for Separation

httpsbyjuscomncert-books-class-6-science

Teaching Notes ndash

Introduction-

In nature we find that most substances are mixed with other substances forming mixtures The

substances or components in the mixture may be undesirable or even harmful to humans health

Often you might have seen your mother cleaning rice grains and pulses before cooking Cleaning

is done to remove stones insects and eggs etc from the items to be cooked Also these items

are washed with water to remove dust and other small particles which cannot be removed by

hand

In this chapter we will learn about the different methods used to separate substances from a

mixture and for cleaning of food

Pure Substances Many substances around us contain only one type of constituent particles

Elements and compounds are pure substances Some of the pure substances are iron copper

water salt etc

Impure Substances Substances containing more than one type of constituent particles are

called impure substances Some of the impure substances are pond water milk etc

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Impurities These are the unwanted particles present in a substance making it impure

Mixtures Substances which contain more than one component mixed in any ratio are called

mixtures For example air is a mixture of many gases like nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide

dust particles etc

Homogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which the particles of the substances present cannot

be seen are called homogeneous mixtures For example solution of sugar and water air cold

drinks etc

Heterogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which particles of the substances present can be

seen easily are called heterogeneous mixtures For example water in oil dust in air

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Need for Separation We carry out the separation of the components of a mixture or an

impure substance with the following purposes

bull To remove the un useful or harmful component

bull To obtain the useful component

bull To remove impurities for getting a pure sample

Principle of separation

bull The substances present in a mixture retain their original properties like particle size

density melting point boiling point volatility etc

bull We use the difference in any one of these properties in the components of a mixture to

separate them

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutube41YfP2Ly-ew

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is mixture

2 Differentiate between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

3 Why there is need of separation

DAY-2

Teaching Notes ndash

Methods of Separation

Topic- Methods of Separation

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The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

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2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 2 of 4

DAY-2

TEACHING MATERIAL

Character Sketch

Rabindranath Tagore was born on 07th May 1861 in Kolkata and died on 07 th August 1941 in

Kolkata He was a bengali poet shirt story writer song composer essayist and painter who

introduced new prose and verse firms and the use of colloquial language in bengali literature He

became in 1913 the first one European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature for his book Gitanjali

He wrote Jana Gana Jana which is adopted as Indias national anthem

Summary of the poem

Word meaning

1 Shaggy - headed - the branches of the tree are long thick and

unkempt giving it an untidy appearance

2 Shuttles - tools that are part of a weaves loom

3 Tapestry - a piece of cloth with patterns or designs that are

woven or swen onto it using colourful threads

4 Margin - border

DAY-3

TEACHING MATERIAL Answer these following questions

1 Why does the speaker call the tree shaggy- headed What caused the tree-top

to become like this

Answer The speaker calls the tree shaggy- beaded because its leaves and

branches are shabby and unkempt The trees branches are like this probably

because of the birds that fly in and out of the canopy

2 In what way does the speaker compare himself with the birds that used to live

in the branches of the banyan tree

Page 3 of 4

Answer The speaker compares his plight to that of the birds that used to live in

the banyan tree He wonders if the tree has forgotten him just as it forget the

birds who grew up in the branches of the banyan tree and then flew away

3 What would the child sit and think about Why does he think about these

things

Answer The child used to sit and think about the ways in which he could form a

deeper bond with the tree Therefore he thought about how wonderful it would

be to the wind that blew through the trees branches to be the trees shadow so

that he would always be near it be a bird that sat on the treetop looking down on

the world below or be the ducks that would lazily float by sheltered by the shade

of the tree

4 How does the childs interaction with the tree in stanza -2 different from the way

he wishes to interact with the tree in stanza -6

Answer In Stanza-2 the boy is sitting by his window and watching the tree and

thus his interaction with the tree is limited to observing it closely However in

Stanza-6 we see that he no longer wants to a bystander Here he wants to build a

deeper bond with the tree by becoming a part of it in different ways

5 We get the idea that the speaker of the poem is the child that is being talked

about We can say this because

(a) the memories that he recalls are deeply personal and very richly detailed

(b) their is no mention of any other child in the poem

Answer(a) The memories that he recalls are deeply personal and very richly

detailed

DAY-4

TEACHING MATERIAL

Chapter - 10 Direct and Indirect speech

bull There are two ways in which we may report the words of a speaker or a writer

1 Direct speech The actual words used by the speaker are called direct speech such as

For example 1 My father said I am not feeling well

2 Neha said I am happy today

2 Indirect speech gives an account of something that someone has said but without quoting the

actual words that were used ______

For example 1 My father said that he was not feeling well

2 Neha said that she was happy that day

Page 4 of 4

DAY-5

TEACHING MATERIAL

Page 1 of 14

BIHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT -HINDI

SESSION-2020-21

CLASS-6

Chepter वयाकरण

TOPIC ( पराग) पाठ _ 11 सााप की मणण 12 णिषठर अिका पा वयाकरण (

परखर) पाठ_10 करिया 11 काल

DAY-1

पाठ ___ 11 सााप की मणण

पाठ का उददशय _ इस कहािी क माधयम स सााप की मणण की वासतणवकता का पता चलता ह वाचि कौशल का णवकास भी

होगा

पाठ की भणमका_ परमचाद ि सााप क मणण क पीछ णछपी सतयकथाा को उजागर करकया ह यािी सााप की वासतणवकता स

पररणचत करवाि का परयास करकया ह

शबदााथथ __

णजि _ चचथाा

मोल_ कीमत मला य

जगि _ एक परकार का पतागाा णजसका शरीर स रोशिाी णिकलती ह

चाचल_ जो णसथर ि हो

समािाथी या परयायवाचाी

1 तलवार _ खडग शमशीर अणस करवाल

2 तालााब _ ताल सर सरोवर तडाग

3करदि_ करदवस वार वासर अहि

4 दःख _ वदिा वयथाा कषट पीडा

5 णिमथल_ शदध पावि सवचछ पणवतर

णवपररताथथक या णवलोम शबद

उदयम आलसा य

जीवि मता य

िमर िर

जय पराजय

िया परािा

Page 2 of 14

णलणखत कायथ_

(ख)

परशन 1 लखक कोलाबो कयो जािा चाहता था

उततर_ लखक कोलाबो घमि जािा चाहत थणवशषकर रावण की लाकापराी दखि क णलए

परशन 2 सााप की मणण क बारा म लखक ि कया सि रखाा था

उततर_ सााप की मणण क बार म लखक ि यह सि रखाा था करक उसका मोल सात बादशाहाोाा क होता ह

परशा ि 3सााप की मणण क बार म लखक क दोसत ि कया जािकारी दी

उततर _ सााप की मणण क बार म लखक क दोसत ि यह जािकारी दी करक__ लो भाई मणण का पता चल गया

परशन 4 सााप की मणण परापत करि क णलए करकस चीज का इसतमाल करकया गया और कस

उततर_ सााप की मणण परापत करि क णलए कीचड का करकसतमाल करकया गया

लखक क दोसत चपक स एक पड पर चढ गए और लखक को भी चढि का इशारा करि लगालखक भी

ऊपर चढ तब उिक दोसत डाणलयो पर स होत हए ठीक सााप क ऊपर आ गए और झट स उस मणण पर कीचड फक

करदएअाधारा छ गया और सााप घबडाकर इधर उधर दौडि लगाा इस परकार दोिोाा ि रात उसी पड क ऊपर गजाराी

एवम दसर करदि सवरा होत ही दोिोाा मणण लकर घर पहाच गए

परशन 5 लखक को मणण दखिा पर भी णवशवाास िही हो रहाा था कयो

उततर_ लखक को मणण दखकर भी णवशवाास इसणलए िहीाा हो रहा था कयोकरक लखक ि यह सि रखा था करक उसका मोल

सात बादशाहो क बराबर ह लकरकि यह मणण जो सााप क पास स लाया था इसम ऐसा कछ िही थायह एक पतथर था जो गमथ

होि पर रोशिाी दता था एवम गमथाी खतम होि पर सााप इसा पिः माह म रख लता था और भोजि की तलाश म णिकलता

था

परशन 6 मणण की सचचाई क बार म लखक को कया पता चल

उततर _ जबतक मणण को लखक ि िही दखाा था तबतक उनह यह सात बादशाहाोाा क बराबर की कोई चीज लगती थी

लकरकि जब लखक ि इसा अपिी आाखाोाा स दखाा तो इसम वसी कोई चीज िजर िही आई

Page 3 of 14

DAY 2

पाठ12 णिषठर अिका पा

पाठ का उददशा य_ इस पाठ क माधयम स यह बताि का परयास करकया गया

ह करक करा महीि होि स गरीबाी और परशाािी लगातार बढती ह

पाठ की भाणमका _ हमााा झठाी शाि म ि पडकर अपिी णसथणत का

धयाि रखिा चणहए और उसी क अिसार काम करिा चाणहएपररशरम करि

स जयादा सवाभाणवक पति कछ और िही हो सकता

Page 4 of 14

णलणखत कायथ

परशन 1 चाराोाा भाइयो क दवाराा काम ि करि का कया पररणाम हआ

उततर_ चाराोाा भाइयो क दवाराा काम ि करि का पररणाम हआ करक उिक

घर की णसथणत और करदि पर करदि बााद स बदतर होि लगाी

परशन2 साणहजि क पड स घर क लोग कस लाभ उठात थ

उततर _ साणहजि क पड स घर क लोग साणहजााि की फणललयोाा को

बचकर उिस णमला पसो स अपिा गजर बसर करत थ

परशन 3 ररशतदार क साथ सभाी लोग खािा खाि कयो िहीाा बठा

उततर_ ररशतदार क साथ सभाी लोग खािा खाि इसणलए िही बठा

कयोकरक उनह अपिी बदहालाी का गमाि थायािी व अपिी णसथणत को

जाित थ सार लोगाोाा क साथ खािा खाि स ररशतदार को उिकी

बदहालाी का पता शीघर ही चल जाता

परशन 4 महमाि ि गरीबाी का अिमाि कस लगाा णलयाऔर उसक मि म

कस णवचार आए

उततर_ महमाि ि दो बार ही भोजि करि पर तार णलया य लोग गरीबाी

क णशकार हो रहा हाा पहलाी बार भोजि तयार हआ तब बड भाई ि

बहि बिाया करक आज मरा सोमवार का वरत ह म खािा िही खाऊा गा

दसर ि कहाा मर पट म दरा द ह डॉकटर ि खाि स मिाा करकया ह

तीसर ि कहाा करक उस अपि दोसत क यहाााा जािा ह

ररशतदार क मिो यह णवचार आया करक णजस सहजि क पड

की फणललयो को बचकर य अपिा गजर बसर करत ह उसको ही काट करदया

जाए करफर तो य जब भखाोाा मरगा तो काम धाध पर णिकलगा ही

Page 5 of 14

परशन5 का जणडि ि बड भाई की मजबराी का फायदा कस उठाया

उततर_ महमाि क आि स भाई को मजबर पाकर का जणडि ि काम पस

करदए

परशन 6 महमाि ि सहजि का पड कयो काट करदया और उसका पररणाम कया

हआ

उततर _ महमाि ि चाराोाा भाइयो की काणहली को खता म करि की

खाणतर सहजि क पड को जड स ही काट करदया

पड क कटत ही उस पररवार म दणिक जररतो की सामािो क

णलए लोग छटपटाि लगाी करफर चाराोाा भाइयो ि कहाीाा ि कही

अपिी अपिी िौकराी

ढाढ ली और करफर उिकी णसथणत ठीक होि लगाी

परशर7 बढी माा ि महमाि क परणत करकस तरह का णवचार वयका त करकया

उततर _ यह दषट महमाि कहाााा स आया था यह ररशतदार िही

महमाि िहीाा णपछला जिा म का हमारा दशमि थल अगर इसा हमारी

बरी दशा पर तरस आ रहाा था तो हमार घर आठ दस मि अिाज ही

णभजवा करदया होता हमार घर k एकमातर सहार सणहजि को इसि कयो

काट डालाा

Page 6 of 14

परशन 8 महमाि को णवदा करत समय सभाी भाइयो ि कया कहाा

उततर_ उस करदि आपि हमारा सणहजि का पड िही काटा मािाो

हमारी काणहलाी को काट कर फ क करदया था अगर आप हम सब पर तरस

खाकर दस पााच मि अिाज हमार घर भज दत तो हम और भी िीचा णगर

जात पर बजकरदल बि जात आपि हमार बगीच का पड णगरकर हमारी

णगराी हई करकसमत को ही ऊा चा उडा करदयाह दणिया म बाधा होता ऐस

होाा

आशय सपषट करााा __

1 करकतिाा अचछा परणतणषठत खािदाि ह झठाी और बिावटी इजजत क

खयाल स य िौजवाि लडक खाि पीि की तकलीफ बदाथसत कर रहा हाा

उततर _ परसतत पाणि हमार पाठय पसतक परााग क शीषथक णिषठर अिका पा

स ली गई हइस कहािी क माधयम स लखक ि खािदाि की परणतषठा को

सबस ऊपर करदखात हए यह बताि का परयास करकया ह करक कल की मयाथदा ि

णमट जाए चाह हणममत जाएा याणि चाराोाा भाई अपि खािदाि की

खाणतर कोई काम धाधा िही करकया

2 उसका कठोर करा म क पीछ उसक करदल की िकिीयताी थी कोई

खराब इरादा िही

उततर _ परसाग _ यथावत रहाााग

वयाखा या _ उपयथि पाणि क आधार पर लखकि यहबतााि का

परयास करकया ह करक पररवार की णबगडती णसथणत को जब ररशतदार भााप

जाता ह तो उसकी मदद करि की बजााय उिक एकमातर सहार सहजि क

Page 7 of 14

पड को जड स काट दता हइस परकार व अपिी भरण पोषण करि हत काम

धाध म भी लग जात हाा अतः इिकी णसथणत म सधाार आि लगत हाा और

व लोग करफर स अपि परािी णसथणत म वापस आि लगत हाा

DAY-3

पाठ 10 करिया (क)

1 करिया करकसा कहत हाा

Page 8 of 14

उततर _ ऐस शबद णजिस करकसाी काम क करि या होि का पता चलता ह

उनह करिया कहत हाा

उदाहरण_ मायाा पसतक पढ रहाी हाा__ इस वाकय म( पढ रहाी ह )

करिया ह

2 धात करकसा कहत हाा उदाहरण दकर समझाइए

उततर _ करिया क मल रप को धात कहत हाा

जस __ पढिा करिया म पढ धात ह

णलखिा __ णलख

खािा ___ खा आकरद

3 ललाग और वचि क आधार पर करिया म करकस परकार का पररवतथि

आता ह

उततर _ 1 ललाग का परभााव _ वाकय म करिया का रप करता क अिसार

पररवरतथत होता ह

जस _ रणव गीत गा रहाा ह

भाविा गीत गा रहाी ह

2 वचि का परभााव _ वाकय म करिया का रप करता क वचि क

अिसार पररवरतथत होता ह

जस __ बचचाा खल रहाा ह

बचचा खल रहा हाा

4 करा म क आधार पर करिया क भदो की जािकारी उदाहरण क साथ

समझााओ

उततर _ करा म क आधार पर करिया क दो भद हाा __

Page 9 of 14

1 अकमथक करिया _ ऐसी करियाएा णजिका फल करा म पर पडता ह

अकामथक करिया कहलाती हाा

जस __ बचचाा खल रहाा ह

भाविा रो रही ह पहचाि _ करिया क साथ कया लगाकर परशन

पछि पर कोई उततर परापत िही होता ह

2 साकमथक करिया __ ऐसी करियाएा णजिा ह करा म की अपकषा

रहती ह सकमथक करिया कहलाती हाा

जस _ आशा गीत सि रहाी ह

माली पौधाा लगाा रहाा ह

पहचाि __ करिया क साथ कया लगाा कर परशन पछि पर उततर परापत होता

सकमथक करिया क भी दो भद होत हाा___

एककरा मक करिया __ वह पसतक पढ रहाा ह

धोबाी कपड धो रहाा ह

णदवकमथक करिया_ णपता ि पतर को पसतक लाकर दी

मि अणतणथयो को चाय णपलाई

Page 10 of 14

Page 11 of 14

DAY-4 पाठ11 काल परशन 1 काल करकसा कहत ह उततर _ करिया का वह रप णजसस उसक होि या करि का समय जञात हो काल कहलाता ह जस _ म पढाी थी

म पढती हा म पढागी

Page 12 of 14

DAY 5 परशन 2 काल क तीिाोाा भडो क पररचय दीणजए उततर_ काल क तीि भद हाा ___ 1 भतकाल __ करिया क णजस रप स बीत समय म कायथ क होि का

बोध हो भतकाल कहलाता ह जस _ मि पसतक पढाी म जला दी सो गई थी 2 वतथमाि काल _ करिया क णजस रप स चल रहा समय म कायथ

क होि का बोध होता ह वतथमाि काल कहत हाा जस _ करकसाि खत जोत रहाा ह वषथाा हो रहाी होगी 3 भणवषयत काल __ करिया क णजस रप स आि वाला समय म

कायथ क होि का बोध होता ह भणवषयत काल कहत हाा जस __ मालती पाठ पढागी मझा कल घर जािा ह

Page 13 of 14

Page 14 of 14

Page 1 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmail infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

MATHEMATICS

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

TOPIC Decimals

DAY-1 TEACHING MATERIAL

Decimals- The numbers expressed in decimal forms are called decimals For eg 68

1673 etc is a decimal

Decimal places - The number of digits contained in the decimal part of a decimal

gives the number of decimal places

for eg 574 has two decimal places and 8536 has three decimal places

Like Decimals- Decimals having the same number of decimal places are called like

decimals For eg 673 805 1908 are like decimals each having two decimal places

Unlike Decimals - Decimals having different number of decimal places are called

unlike decimals For eg 63 864 10023 are unlike decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

Page 2 of 8

httpyoutubeBeZyGg8xVCE

DAY-2

TEACHING MATERIAL

Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction bull Write the given decimal without the decimal point as the numerator of the fraction

bull In the denominator write 1 followed by as many zeros as there are decimal places in the given decimal

bull Reduce the above fraction to the simplest form

Converting a fraction into a Decimal

bull Divide the numerator by the denominator till a non zero remainder is obtained

bull Put a decimal point in the dividend as well as in the quotient

bull Put a zero on the right of the decimal point in the dividend asas well as on the

right of the remainder

bull Divide again just as we do in whole numbers

bull Repeat steps 3 and 4 till the remainder is zero

Page 3 of 8

httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk

httpsyoutubedo_IbHId2Os

Related Questions-

bull Convert each of the following into a fraction in its simplest form-

a) 08 b) 006

bull Convert each of the following as a mixed fraction

a) 56 b)6004

bull Convert the following into like decimals-

65 1604 0274 1194

bull Arrange the following decimals into ascending order

a) 46 74 458 732 406 b) 05 55 505 005 555

bull Express 45 mm in cm m and km

DAY-3 TEACHING MATERIAL

Addition and Subtraction of Decimals

Method

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals

bull Write the addends one under the other in column form keeping points of all the addends in the same

column and the digits of the same place in the same column

bull Add as in the case of whole numbers

bull In the sum put the decimal point directly under decimal points in the addends

Page 4 of 8

Subtraction of Decimals

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals bull Write the smaller number under the larger one in column form in such a way that the

decimals points of both the numbers are in the same column and the digits of the same

place lie in the same column bull Subtract as we do Im case of whole numbers

Related Questions-

Add the following--

a) 16 87 095 68 and 777 b) 125 1447 56 and 2146

Subtract

a) 1479 from 7243 b) 6732 from 9001

Take out 5746 from 91

What is to be added to 6358 to get 92

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutube5sbXpfJQSN8

httpyoutubejoF4sYmuC88

PPT LINKS

httpsyoutube5udpHfBlGxs

DAY-4

bull Multiplication of decimals-

Multiplication of a Decimal by 10 100 1000 etc

Page 5 of 8

On multiplying by 10 100 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the right by one two three places and so

on

Multiplication of a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Multiply the decimal without the decimal point by a given whole number

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product to have as many places of decimal as in the given decimal

Multiplication of a Decimal by a Decimal

Step 1 Multiply the two decimals without the decimal point just like whole numbers

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product in such s way that the number of decimal places in the product

is equal to the sum of the decimal places in the given decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

httpyoutube3H9DYeR5Wmg

Related Questions

1 Multiply 0086 by 076

2 Find the product of 047 times 53 times 006

3 If the cost of a pen is ₹ 2850 Find the cost of 48 such pens

4 A taxi driver charges ₹ 980 per km How much will he charge for a journey of 1065 km

DAY-5 Division of decimals

Page 6 of 8

Dividing a Decimal by 10 1001000 etc

Rules i) On dividing a Decimal by 10 the decimal point is shifted to the left by one place

ii) On dividing a Decimal by 100 the decimal point is shifted to the left by two places

iii) On dividing a Decimal by 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the left by three places and so on

Dividing a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Perform the division by considering the dividend a whole number

Step 2 When the division of whole number part of the dividend is completeput the

decimal point in the quotient and proceed with the decision as in case of whole

numbers

Related Questions

Divide the following

a) 168 by 12 b) 0567 by 9

A bowler took 15 wickets for 321 runsWhat is his average score per wicket

A car covers a distance of 1089km in 18 hours What is the average speed of

the car

VIDEO-LINKS httpyoutubeHdU_rf7eMTI

Exercise

bull Solve the following

a) add ( 238 2367 68 and 006)

b) Subtract 13486 from 22

c) 08 times 89 times 26

Page 7 of 8

d) 111times 12times 012

e)1646divide 20

bull What should be added to 206 to get 31

bull What should be subtracted from 01 to get 04

bull The product of two decimals is 1824 If one of them is 064 find the other

bull How many pieces of plywood each 045 cm thick are required to make a pile 243m high

bull Each side of a polygon is 29 cm in length and its perimeter is 174cm How many sides does the

polygon have

bull Express in km using decimal

a) 65m b) 3km 5m

bull By how much should 3267 be increased to get 601

bull A tin of oil weighs 168kgWhat is the weight of 45 such tins

bull Divide

a) 1319 by 10

b) 008 by 10

c) 47 by 1000

d) 002 by 100

Mind Map

Page 8 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

SCIENCE

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

CHAPTER- 5 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

DAY-1

NCERT Book Links ndash

Topic- Need for Separation

httpsbyjuscomncert-books-class-6-science

Teaching Notes ndash

Introduction-

In nature we find that most substances are mixed with other substances forming mixtures The

substances or components in the mixture may be undesirable or even harmful to humans health

Often you might have seen your mother cleaning rice grains and pulses before cooking Cleaning

is done to remove stones insects and eggs etc from the items to be cooked Also these items

are washed with water to remove dust and other small particles which cannot be removed by

hand

In this chapter we will learn about the different methods used to separate substances from a

mixture and for cleaning of food

Pure Substances Many substances around us contain only one type of constituent particles

Elements and compounds are pure substances Some of the pure substances are iron copper

water salt etc

Impure Substances Substances containing more than one type of constituent particles are

called impure substances Some of the impure substances are pond water milk etc

Page 1 of 24

Impurities These are the unwanted particles present in a substance making it impure

Mixtures Substances which contain more than one component mixed in any ratio are called

mixtures For example air is a mixture of many gases like nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide

dust particles etc

Homogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which the particles of the substances present cannot

be seen are called homogeneous mixtures For example solution of sugar and water air cold

drinks etc

Heterogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which particles of the substances present can be

seen easily are called heterogeneous mixtures For example water in oil dust in air

Page 2 of 24

Need for Separation We carry out the separation of the components of a mixture or an

impure substance with the following purposes

bull To remove the un useful or harmful component

bull To obtain the useful component

bull To remove impurities for getting a pure sample

Principle of separation

bull The substances present in a mixture retain their original properties like particle size

density melting point boiling point volatility etc

bull We use the difference in any one of these properties in the components of a mixture to

separate them

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutube41YfP2Ly-ew

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is mixture

2 Differentiate between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

3 Why there is need of separation

DAY-2

Teaching Notes ndash

Methods of Separation

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 3 of 24

The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

Page 4 of 24

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 3 of 4

Answer The speaker compares his plight to that of the birds that used to live in

the banyan tree He wonders if the tree has forgotten him just as it forget the

birds who grew up in the branches of the banyan tree and then flew away

3 What would the child sit and think about Why does he think about these

things

Answer The child used to sit and think about the ways in which he could form a

deeper bond with the tree Therefore he thought about how wonderful it would

be to the wind that blew through the trees branches to be the trees shadow so

that he would always be near it be a bird that sat on the treetop looking down on

the world below or be the ducks that would lazily float by sheltered by the shade

of the tree

4 How does the childs interaction with the tree in stanza -2 different from the way

he wishes to interact with the tree in stanza -6

Answer In Stanza-2 the boy is sitting by his window and watching the tree and

thus his interaction with the tree is limited to observing it closely However in

Stanza-6 we see that he no longer wants to a bystander Here he wants to build a

deeper bond with the tree by becoming a part of it in different ways

5 We get the idea that the speaker of the poem is the child that is being talked

about We can say this because

(a) the memories that he recalls are deeply personal and very richly detailed

(b) their is no mention of any other child in the poem

Answer(a) The memories that he recalls are deeply personal and very richly

detailed

DAY-4

TEACHING MATERIAL

Chapter - 10 Direct and Indirect speech

bull There are two ways in which we may report the words of a speaker or a writer

1 Direct speech The actual words used by the speaker are called direct speech such as

For example 1 My father said I am not feeling well

2 Neha said I am happy today

2 Indirect speech gives an account of something that someone has said but without quoting the

actual words that were used ______

For example 1 My father said that he was not feeling well

2 Neha said that she was happy that day

Page 4 of 4

DAY-5

TEACHING MATERIAL

Page 1 of 14

BIHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT -HINDI

SESSION-2020-21

CLASS-6

Chepter वयाकरण

TOPIC ( पराग) पाठ _ 11 सााप की मणण 12 णिषठर अिका पा वयाकरण (

परखर) पाठ_10 करिया 11 काल

DAY-1

पाठ ___ 11 सााप की मणण

पाठ का उददशय _ इस कहािी क माधयम स सााप की मणण की वासतणवकता का पता चलता ह वाचि कौशल का णवकास भी

होगा

पाठ की भणमका_ परमचाद ि सााप क मणण क पीछ णछपी सतयकथाा को उजागर करकया ह यािी सााप की वासतणवकता स

पररणचत करवाि का परयास करकया ह

शबदााथथ __

णजि _ चचथाा

मोल_ कीमत मला य

जगि _ एक परकार का पतागाा णजसका शरीर स रोशिाी णिकलती ह

चाचल_ जो णसथर ि हो

समािाथी या परयायवाचाी

1 तलवार _ खडग शमशीर अणस करवाल

2 तालााब _ ताल सर सरोवर तडाग

3करदि_ करदवस वार वासर अहि

4 दःख _ वदिा वयथाा कषट पीडा

5 णिमथल_ शदध पावि सवचछ पणवतर

णवपररताथथक या णवलोम शबद

उदयम आलसा य

जीवि मता य

िमर िर

जय पराजय

िया परािा

Page 2 of 14

णलणखत कायथ_

(ख)

परशन 1 लखक कोलाबो कयो जािा चाहता था

उततर_ लखक कोलाबो घमि जािा चाहत थणवशषकर रावण की लाकापराी दखि क णलए

परशन 2 सााप की मणण क बारा म लखक ि कया सि रखाा था

उततर_ सााप की मणण क बार म लखक ि यह सि रखाा था करक उसका मोल सात बादशाहाोाा क होता ह

परशा ि 3सााप की मणण क बार म लखक क दोसत ि कया जािकारी दी

उततर _ सााप की मणण क बार म लखक क दोसत ि यह जािकारी दी करक__ लो भाई मणण का पता चल गया

परशन 4 सााप की मणण परापत करि क णलए करकस चीज का इसतमाल करकया गया और कस

उततर_ सााप की मणण परापत करि क णलए कीचड का करकसतमाल करकया गया

लखक क दोसत चपक स एक पड पर चढ गए और लखक को भी चढि का इशारा करि लगालखक भी

ऊपर चढ तब उिक दोसत डाणलयो पर स होत हए ठीक सााप क ऊपर आ गए और झट स उस मणण पर कीचड फक

करदएअाधारा छ गया और सााप घबडाकर इधर उधर दौडि लगाा इस परकार दोिोाा ि रात उसी पड क ऊपर गजाराी

एवम दसर करदि सवरा होत ही दोिोाा मणण लकर घर पहाच गए

परशन 5 लखक को मणण दखिा पर भी णवशवाास िही हो रहाा था कयो

उततर_ लखक को मणण दखकर भी णवशवाास इसणलए िहीाा हो रहा था कयोकरक लखक ि यह सि रखा था करक उसका मोल

सात बादशाहो क बराबर ह लकरकि यह मणण जो सााप क पास स लाया था इसम ऐसा कछ िही थायह एक पतथर था जो गमथ

होि पर रोशिाी दता था एवम गमथाी खतम होि पर सााप इसा पिः माह म रख लता था और भोजि की तलाश म णिकलता

था

परशन 6 मणण की सचचाई क बार म लखक को कया पता चल

उततर _ जबतक मणण को लखक ि िही दखाा था तबतक उनह यह सात बादशाहाोाा क बराबर की कोई चीज लगती थी

लकरकि जब लखक ि इसा अपिी आाखाोाा स दखाा तो इसम वसी कोई चीज िजर िही आई

Page 3 of 14

DAY 2

पाठ12 णिषठर अिका पा

पाठ का उददशा य_ इस पाठ क माधयम स यह बताि का परयास करकया गया

ह करक करा महीि होि स गरीबाी और परशाािी लगातार बढती ह

पाठ की भाणमका _ हमााा झठाी शाि म ि पडकर अपिी णसथणत का

धयाि रखिा चणहए और उसी क अिसार काम करिा चाणहएपररशरम करि

स जयादा सवाभाणवक पति कछ और िही हो सकता

Page 4 of 14

णलणखत कायथ

परशन 1 चाराोाा भाइयो क दवाराा काम ि करि का कया पररणाम हआ

उततर_ चाराोाा भाइयो क दवाराा काम ि करि का पररणाम हआ करक उिक

घर की णसथणत और करदि पर करदि बााद स बदतर होि लगाी

परशन2 साणहजि क पड स घर क लोग कस लाभ उठात थ

उततर _ साणहजि क पड स घर क लोग साणहजााि की फणललयोाा को

बचकर उिस णमला पसो स अपिा गजर बसर करत थ

परशन 3 ररशतदार क साथ सभाी लोग खािा खाि कयो िहीाा बठा

उततर_ ररशतदार क साथ सभाी लोग खािा खाि इसणलए िही बठा

कयोकरक उनह अपिी बदहालाी का गमाि थायािी व अपिी णसथणत को

जाित थ सार लोगाोाा क साथ खािा खाि स ररशतदार को उिकी

बदहालाी का पता शीघर ही चल जाता

परशन 4 महमाि ि गरीबाी का अिमाि कस लगाा णलयाऔर उसक मि म

कस णवचार आए

उततर_ महमाि ि दो बार ही भोजि करि पर तार णलया य लोग गरीबाी

क णशकार हो रहा हाा पहलाी बार भोजि तयार हआ तब बड भाई ि

बहि बिाया करक आज मरा सोमवार का वरत ह म खािा िही खाऊा गा

दसर ि कहाा मर पट म दरा द ह डॉकटर ि खाि स मिाा करकया ह

तीसर ि कहाा करक उस अपि दोसत क यहाााा जािा ह

ररशतदार क मिो यह णवचार आया करक णजस सहजि क पड

की फणललयो को बचकर य अपिा गजर बसर करत ह उसको ही काट करदया

जाए करफर तो य जब भखाोाा मरगा तो काम धाध पर णिकलगा ही

Page 5 of 14

परशन5 का जणडि ि बड भाई की मजबराी का फायदा कस उठाया

उततर_ महमाि क आि स भाई को मजबर पाकर का जणडि ि काम पस

करदए

परशन 6 महमाि ि सहजि का पड कयो काट करदया और उसका पररणाम कया

हआ

उततर _ महमाि ि चाराोाा भाइयो की काणहली को खता म करि की

खाणतर सहजि क पड को जड स ही काट करदया

पड क कटत ही उस पररवार म दणिक जररतो की सामािो क

णलए लोग छटपटाि लगाी करफर चाराोाा भाइयो ि कहाीाा ि कही

अपिी अपिी िौकराी

ढाढ ली और करफर उिकी णसथणत ठीक होि लगाी

परशर7 बढी माा ि महमाि क परणत करकस तरह का णवचार वयका त करकया

उततर _ यह दषट महमाि कहाााा स आया था यह ररशतदार िही

महमाि िहीाा णपछला जिा म का हमारा दशमि थल अगर इसा हमारी

बरी दशा पर तरस आ रहाा था तो हमार घर आठ दस मि अिाज ही

णभजवा करदया होता हमार घर k एकमातर सहार सणहजि को इसि कयो

काट डालाा

Page 6 of 14

परशन 8 महमाि को णवदा करत समय सभाी भाइयो ि कया कहाा

उततर_ उस करदि आपि हमारा सणहजि का पड िही काटा मािाो

हमारी काणहलाी को काट कर फ क करदया था अगर आप हम सब पर तरस

खाकर दस पााच मि अिाज हमार घर भज दत तो हम और भी िीचा णगर

जात पर बजकरदल बि जात आपि हमार बगीच का पड णगरकर हमारी

णगराी हई करकसमत को ही ऊा चा उडा करदयाह दणिया म बाधा होता ऐस

होाा

आशय सपषट करााा __

1 करकतिाा अचछा परणतणषठत खािदाि ह झठाी और बिावटी इजजत क

खयाल स य िौजवाि लडक खाि पीि की तकलीफ बदाथसत कर रहा हाा

उततर _ परसतत पाणि हमार पाठय पसतक परााग क शीषथक णिषठर अिका पा

स ली गई हइस कहािी क माधयम स लखक ि खािदाि की परणतषठा को

सबस ऊपर करदखात हए यह बताि का परयास करकया ह करक कल की मयाथदा ि

णमट जाए चाह हणममत जाएा याणि चाराोाा भाई अपि खािदाि की

खाणतर कोई काम धाधा िही करकया

2 उसका कठोर करा म क पीछ उसक करदल की िकिीयताी थी कोई

खराब इरादा िही

उततर _ परसाग _ यथावत रहाााग

वयाखा या _ उपयथि पाणि क आधार पर लखकि यहबतााि का

परयास करकया ह करक पररवार की णबगडती णसथणत को जब ररशतदार भााप

जाता ह तो उसकी मदद करि की बजााय उिक एकमातर सहार सहजि क

Page 7 of 14

पड को जड स काट दता हइस परकार व अपिी भरण पोषण करि हत काम

धाध म भी लग जात हाा अतः इिकी णसथणत म सधाार आि लगत हाा और

व लोग करफर स अपि परािी णसथणत म वापस आि लगत हाा

DAY-3

पाठ 10 करिया (क)

1 करिया करकसा कहत हाा

Page 8 of 14

उततर _ ऐस शबद णजिस करकसाी काम क करि या होि का पता चलता ह

उनह करिया कहत हाा

उदाहरण_ मायाा पसतक पढ रहाी हाा__ इस वाकय म( पढ रहाी ह )

करिया ह

2 धात करकसा कहत हाा उदाहरण दकर समझाइए

उततर _ करिया क मल रप को धात कहत हाा

जस __ पढिा करिया म पढ धात ह

णलखिा __ णलख

खािा ___ खा आकरद

3 ललाग और वचि क आधार पर करिया म करकस परकार का पररवतथि

आता ह

उततर _ 1 ललाग का परभााव _ वाकय म करिया का रप करता क अिसार

पररवरतथत होता ह

जस _ रणव गीत गा रहाा ह

भाविा गीत गा रहाी ह

2 वचि का परभााव _ वाकय म करिया का रप करता क वचि क

अिसार पररवरतथत होता ह

जस __ बचचाा खल रहाा ह

बचचा खल रहा हाा

4 करा म क आधार पर करिया क भदो की जािकारी उदाहरण क साथ

समझााओ

उततर _ करा म क आधार पर करिया क दो भद हाा __

Page 9 of 14

1 अकमथक करिया _ ऐसी करियाएा णजिका फल करा म पर पडता ह

अकामथक करिया कहलाती हाा

जस __ बचचाा खल रहाा ह

भाविा रो रही ह पहचाि _ करिया क साथ कया लगाकर परशन

पछि पर कोई उततर परापत िही होता ह

2 साकमथक करिया __ ऐसी करियाएा णजिा ह करा म की अपकषा

रहती ह सकमथक करिया कहलाती हाा

जस _ आशा गीत सि रहाी ह

माली पौधाा लगाा रहाा ह

पहचाि __ करिया क साथ कया लगाा कर परशन पछि पर उततर परापत होता

सकमथक करिया क भी दो भद होत हाा___

एककरा मक करिया __ वह पसतक पढ रहाा ह

धोबाी कपड धो रहाा ह

णदवकमथक करिया_ णपता ि पतर को पसतक लाकर दी

मि अणतणथयो को चाय णपलाई

Page 10 of 14

Page 11 of 14

DAY-4 पाठ11 काल परशन 1 काल करकसा कहत ह उततर _ करिया का वह रप णजसस उसक होि या करि का समय जञात हो काल कहलाता ह जस _ म पढाी थी

म पढती हा म पढागी

Page 12 of 14

DAY 5 परशन 2 काल क तीिाोाा भडो क पररचय दीणजए उततर_ काल क तीि भद हाा ___ 1 भतकाल __ करिया क णजस रप स बीत समय म कायथ क होि का

बोध हो भतकाल कहलाता ह जस _ मि पसतक पढाी म जला दी सो गई थी 2 वतथमाि काल _ करिया क णजस रप स चल रहा समय म कायथ

क होि का बोध होता ह वतथमाि काल कहत हाा जस _ करकसाि खत जोत रहाा ह वषथाा हो रहाी होगी 3 भणवषयत काल __ करिया क णजस रप स आि वाला समय म

कायथ क होि का बोध होता ह भणवषयत काल कहत हाा जस __ मालती पाठ पढागी मझा कल घर जािा ह

Page 13 of 14

Page 14 of 14

Page 1 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmail infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

MATHEMATICS

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

TOPIC Decimals

DAY-1 TEACHING MATERIAL

Decimals- The numbers expressed in decimal forms are called decimals For eg 68

1673 etc is a decimal

Decimal places - The number of digits contained in the decimal part of a decimal

gives the number of decimal places

for eg 574 has two decimal places and 8536 has three decimal places

Like Decimals- Decimals having the same number of decimal places are called like

decimals For eg 673 805 1908 are like decimals each having two decimal places

Unlike Decimals - Decimals having different number of decimal places are called

unlike decimals For eg 63 864 10023 are unlike decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

Page 2 of 8

httpyoutubeBeZyGg8xVCE

DAY-2

TEACHING MATERIAL

Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction bull Write the given decimal without the decimal point as the numerator of the fraction

bull In the denominator write 1 followed by as many zeros as there are decimal places in the given decimal

bull Reduce the above fraction to the simplest form

Converting a fraction into a Decimal

bull Divide the numerator by the denominator till a non zero remainder is obtained

bull Put a decimal point in the dividend as well as in the quotient

bull Put a zero on the right of the decimal point in the dividend asas well as on the

right of the remainder

bull Divide again just as we do in whole numbers

bull Repeat steps 3 and 4 till the remainder is zero

Page 3 of 8

httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk

httpsyoutubedo_IbHId2Os

Related Questions-

bull Convert each of the following into a fraction in its simplest form-

a) 08 b) 006

bull Convert each of the following as a mixed fraction

a) 56 b)6004

bull Convert the following into like decimals-

65 1604 0274 1194

bull Arrange the following decimals into ascending order

a) 46 74 458 732 406 b) 05 55 505 005 555

bull Express 45 mm in cm m and km

DAY-3 TEACHING MATERIAL

Addition and Subtraction of Decimals

Method

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals

bull Write the addends one under the other in column form keeping points of all the addends in the same

column and the digits of the same place in the same column

bull Add as in the case of whole numbers

bull In the sum put the decimal point directly under decimal points in the addends

Page 4 of 8

Subtraction of Decimals

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals bull Write the smaller number under the larger one in column form in such a way that the

decimals points of both the numbers are in the same column and the digits of the same

place lie in the same column bull Subtract as we do Im case of whole numbers

Related Questions-

Add the following--

a) 16 87 095 68 and 777 b) 125 1447 56 and 2146

Subtract

a) 1479 from 7243 b) 6732 from 9001

Take out 5746 from 91

What is to be added to 6358 to get 92

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutube5sbXpfJQSN8

httpyoutubejoF4sYmuC88

PPT LINKS

httpsyoutube5udpHfBlGxs

DAY-4

bull Multiplication of decimals-

Multiplication of a Decimal by 10 100 1000 etc

Page 5 of 8

On multiplying by 10 100 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the right by one two three places and so

on

Multiplication of a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Multiply the decimal without the decimal point by a given whole number

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product to have as many places of decimal as in the given decimal

Multiplication of a Decimal by a Decimal

Step 1 Multiply the two decimals without the decimal point just like whole numbers

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product in such s way that the number of decimal places in the product

is equal to the sum of the decimal places in the given decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

httpyoutube3H9DYeR5Wmg

Related Questions

1 Multiply 0086 by 076

2 Find the product of 047 times 53 times 006

3 If the cost of a pen is ₹ 2850 Find the cost of 48 such pens

4 A taxi driver charges ₹ 980 per km How much will he charge for a journey of 1065 km

DAY-5 Division of decimals

Page 6 of 8

Dividing a Decimal by 10 1001000 etc

Rules i) On dividing a Decimal by 10 the decimal point is shifted to the left by one place

ii) On dividing a Decimal by 100 the decimal point is shifted to the left by two places

iii) On dividing a Decimal by 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the left by three places and so on

Dividing a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Perform the division by considering the dividend a whole number

Step 2 When the division of whole number part of the dividend is completeput the

decimal point in the quotient and proceed with the decision as in case of whole

numbers

Related Questions

Divide the following

a) 168 by 12 b) 0567 by 9

A bowler took 15 wickets for 321 runsWhat is his average score per wicket

A car covers a distance of 1089km in 18 hours What is the average speed of

the car

VIDEO-LINKS httpyoutubeHdU_rf7eMTI

Exercise

bull Solve the following

a) add ( 238 2367 68 and 006)

b) Subtract 13486 from 22

c) 08 times 89 times 26

Page 7 of 8

d) 111times 12times 012

e)1646divide 20

bull What should be added to 206 to get 31

bull What should be subtracted from 01 to get 04

bull The product of two decimals is 1824 If one of them is 064 find the other

bull How many pieces of plywood each 045 cm thick are required to make a pile 243m high

bull Each side of a polygon is 29 cm in length and its perimeter is 174cm How many sides does the

polygon have

bull Express in km using decimal

a) 65m b) 3km 5m

bull By how much should 3267 be increased to get 601

bull A tin of oil weighs 168kgWhat is the weight of 45 such tins

bull Divide

a) 1319 by 10

b) 008 by 10

c) 47 by 1000

d) 002 by 100

Mind Map

Page 8 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

SCIENCE

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

CHAPTER- 5 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

DAY-1

NCERT Book Links ndash

Topic- Need for Separation

httpsbyjuscomncert-books-class-6-science

Teaching Notes ndash

Introduction-

In nature we find that most substances are mixed with other substances forming mixtures The

substances or components in the mixture may be undesirable or even harmful to humans health

Often you might have seen your mother cleaning rice grains and pulses before cooking Cleaning

is done to remove stones insects and eggs etc from the items to be cooked Also these items

are washed with water to remove dust and other small particles which cannot be removed by

hand

In this chapter we will learn about the different methods used to separate substances from a

mixture and for cleaning of food

Pure Substances Many substances around us contain only one type of constituent particles

Elements and compounds are pure substances Some of the pure substances are iron copper

water salt etc

Impure Substances Substances containing more than one type of constituent particles are

called impure substances Some of the impure substances are pond water milk etc

Page 1 of 24

Impurities These are the unwanted particles present in a substance making it impure

Mixtures Substances which contain more than one component mixed in any ratio are called

mixtures For example air is a mixture of many gases like nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide

dust particles etc

Homogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which the particles of the substances present cannot

be seen are called homogeneous mixtures For example solution of sugar and water air cold

drinks etc

Heterogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which particles of the substances present can be

seen easily are called heterogeneous mixtures For example water in oil dust in air

Page 2 of 24

Need for Separation We carry out the separation of the components of a mixture or an

impure substance with the following purposes

bull To remove the un useful or harmful component

bull To obtain the useful component

bull To remove impurities for getting a pure sample

Principle of separation

bull The substances present in a mixture retain their original properties like particle size

density melting point boiling point volatility etc

bull We use the difference in any one of these properties in the components of a mixture to

separate them

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutube41YfP2Ly-ew

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is mixture

2 Differentiate between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

3 Why there is need of separation

DAY-2

Teaching Notes ndash

Methods of Separation

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 3 of 24

The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

Page 4 of 24

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 4 of 4

DAY-5

TEACHING MATERIAL

Page 1 of 14

BIHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT -HINDI

SESSION-2020-21

CLASS-6

Chepter वयाकरण

TOPIC ( पराग) पाठ _ 11 सााप की मणण 12 णिषठर अिका पा वयाकरण (

परखर) पाठ_10 करिया 11 काल

DAY-1

पाठ ___ 11 सााप की मणण

पाठ का उददशय _ इस कहािी क माधयम स सााप की मणण की वासतणवकता का पता चलता ह वाचि कौशल का णवकास भी

होगा

पाठ की भणमका_ परमचाद ि सााप क मणण क पीछ णछपी सतयकथाा को उजागर करकया ह यािी सााप की वासतणवकता स

पररणचत करवाि का परयास करकया ह

शबदााथथ __

णजि _ चचथाा

मोल_ कीमत मला य

जगि _ एक परकार का पतागाा णजसका शरीर स रोशिाी णिकलती ह

चाचल_ जो णसथर ि हो

समािाथी या परयायवाचाी

1 तलवार _ खडग शमशीर अणस करवाल

2 तालााब _ ताल सर सरोवर तडाग

3करदि_ करदवस वार वासर अहि

4 दःख _ वदिा वयथाा कषट पीडा

5 णिमथल_ शदध पावि सवचछ पणवतर

णवपररताथथक या णवलोम शबद

उदयम आलसा य

जीवि मता य

िमर िर

जय पराजय

िया परािा

Page 2 of 14

णलणखत कायथ_

(ख)

परशन 1 लखक कोलाबो कयो जािा चाहता था

उततर_ लखक कोलाबो घमि जािा चाहत थणवशषकर रावण की लाकापराी दखि क णलए

परशन 2 सााप की मणण क बारा म लखक ि कया सि रखाा था

उततर_ सााप की मणण क बार म लखक ि यह सि रखाा था करक उसका मोल सात बादशाहाोाा क होता ह

परशा ि 3सााप की मणण क बार म लखक क दोसत ि कया जािकारी दी

उततर _ सााप की मणण क बार म लखक क दोसत ि यह जािकारी दी करक__ लो भाई मणण का पता चल गया

परशन 4 सााप की मणण परापत करि क णलए करकस चीज का इसतमाल करकया गया और कस

उततर_ सााप की मणण परापत करि क णलए कीचड का करकसतमाल करकया गया

लखक क दोसत चपक स एक पड पर चढ गए और लखक को भी चढि का इशारा करि लगालखक भी

ऊपर चढ तब उिक दोसत डाणलयो पर स होत हए ठीक सााप क ऊपर आ गए और झट स उस मणण पर कीचड फक

करदएअाधारा छ गया और सााप घबडाकर इधर उधर दौडि लगाा इस परकार दोिोाा ि रात उसी पड क ऊपर गजाराी

एवम दसर करदि सवरा होत ही दोिोाा मणण लकर घर पहाच गए

परशन 5 लखक को मणण दखिा पर भी णवशवाास िही हो रहाा था कयो

उततर_ लखक को मणण दखकर भी णवशवाास इसणलए िहीाा हो रहा था कयोकरक लखक ि यह सि रखा था करक उसका मोल

सात बादशाहो क बराबर ह लकरकि यह मणण जो सााप क पास स लाया था इसम ऐसा कछ िही थायह एक पतथर था जो गमथ

होि पर रोशिाी दता था एवम गमथाी खतम होि पर सााप इसा पिः माह म रख लता था और भोजि की तलाश म णिकलता

था

परशन 6 मणण की सचचाई क बार म लखक को कया पता चल

उततर _ जबतक मणण को लखक ि िही दखाा था तबतक उनह यह सात बादशाहाोाा क बराबर की कोई चीज लगती थी

लकरकि जब लखक ि इसा अपिी आाखाोाा स दखाा तो इसम वसी कोई चीज िजर िही आई

Page 3 of 14

DAY 2

पाठ12 णिषठर अिका पा

पाठ का उददशा य_ इस पाठ क माधयम स यह बताि का परयास करकया गया

ह करक करा महीि होि स गरीबाी और परशाािी लगातार बढती ह

पाठ की भाणमका _ हमााा झठाी शाि म ि पडकर अपिी णसथणत का

धयाि रखिा चणहए और उसी क अिसार काम करिा चाणहएपररशरम करि

स जयादा सवाभाणवक पति कछ और िही हो सकता

Page 4 of 14

णलणखत कायथ

परशन 1 चाराोाा भाइयो क दवाराा काम ि करि का कया पररणाम हआ

उततर_ चाराोाा भाइयो क दवाराा काम ि करि का पररणाम हआ करक उिक

घर की णसथणत और करदि पर करदि बााद स बदतर होि लगाी

परशन2 साणहजि क पड स घर क लोग कस लाभ उठात थ

उततर _ साणहजि क पड स घर क लोग साणहजााि की फणललयोाा को

बचकर उिस णमला पसो स अपिा गजर बसर करत थ

परशन 3 ररशतदार क साथ सभाी लोग खािा खाि कयो िहीाा बठा

उततर_ ररशतदार क साथ सभाी लोग खािा खाि इसणलए िही बठा

कयोकरक उनह अपिी बदहालाी का गमाि थायािी व अपिी णसथणत को

जाित थ सार लोगाोाा क साथ खािा खाि स ररशतदार को उिकी

बदहालाी का पता शीघर ही चल जाता

परशन 4 महमाि ि गरीबाी का अिमाि कस लगाा णलयाऔर उसक मि म

कस णवचार आए

उततर_ महमाि ि दो बार ही भोजि करि पर तार णलया य लोग गरीबाी

क णशकार हो रहा हाा पहलाी बार भोजि तयार हआ तब बड भाई ि

बहि बिाया करक आज मरा सोमवार का वरत ह म खािा िही खाऊा गा

दसर ि कहाा मर पट म दरा द ह डॉकटर ि खाि स मिाा करकया ह

तीसर ि कहाा करक उस अपि दोसत क यहाााा जािा ह

ररशतदार क मिो यह णवचार आया करक णजस सहजि क पड

की फणललयो को बचकर य अपिा गजर बसर करत ह उसको ही काट करदया

जाए करफर तो य जब भखाोाा मरगा तो काम धाध पर णिकलगा ही

Page 5 of 14

परशन5 का जणडि ि बड भाई की मजबराी का फायदा कस उठाया

उततर_ महमाि क आि स भाई को मजबर पाकर का जणडि ि काम पस

करदए

परशन 6 महमाि ि सहजि का पड कयो काट करदया और उसका पररणाम कया

हआ

उततर _ महमाि ि चाराोाा भाइयो की काणहली को खता म करि की

खाणतर सहजि क पड को जड स ही काट करदया

पड क कटत ही उस पररवार म दणिक जररतो की सामािो क

णलए लोग छटपटाि लगाी करफर चाराोाा भाइयो ि कहाीाा ि कही

अपिी अपिी िौकराी

ढाढ ली और करफर उिकी णसथणत ठीक होि लगाी

परशर7 बढी माा ि महमाि क परणत करकस तरह का णवचार वयका त करकया

उततर _ यह दषट महमाि कहाााा स आया था यह ररशतदार िही

महमाि िहीाा णपछला जिा म का हमारा दशमि थल अगर इसा हमारी

बरी दशा पर तरस आ रहाा था तो हमार घर आठ दस मि अिाज ही

णभजवा करदया होता हमार घर k एकमातर सहार सणहजि को इसि कयो

काट डालाा

Page 6 of 14

परशन 8 महमाि को णवदा करत समय सभाी भाइयो ि कया कहाा

उततर_ उस करदि आपि हमारा सणहजि का पड िही काटा मािाो

हमारी काणहलाी को काट कर फ क करदया था अगर आप हम सब पर तरस

खाकर दस पााच मि अिाज हमार घर भज दत तो हम और भी िीचा णगर

जात पर बजकरदल बि जात आपि हमार बगीच का पड णगरकर हमारी

णगराी हई करकसमत को ही ऊा चा उडा करदयाह दणिया म बाधा होता ऐस

होाा

आशय सपषट करााा __

1 करकतिाा अचछा परणतणषठत खािदाि ह झठाी और बिावटी इजजत क

खयाल स य िौजवाि लडक खाि पीि की तकलीफ बदाथसत कर रहा हाा

उततर _ परसतत पाणि हमार पाठय पसतक परााग क शीषथक णिषठर अिका पा

स ली गई हइस कहािी क माधयम स लखक ि खािदाि की परणतषठा को

सबस ऊपर करदखात हए यह बताि का परयास करकया ह करक कल की मयाथदा ि

णमट जाए चाह हणममत जाएा याणि चाराोाा भाई अपि खािदाि की

खाणतर कोई काम धाधा िही करकया

2 उसका कठोर करा म क पीछ उसक करदल की िकिीयताी थी कोई

खराब इरादा िही

उततर _ परसाग _ यथावत रहाााग

वयाखा या _ उपयथि पाणि क आधार पर लखकि यहबतााि का

परयास करकया ह करक पररवार की णबगडती णसथणत को जब ररशतदार भााप

जाता ह तो उसकी मदद करि की बजााय उिक एकमातर सहार सहजि क

Page 7 of 14

पड को जड स काट दता हइस परकार व अपिी भरण पोषण करि हत काम

धाध म भी लग जात हाा अतः इिकी णसथणत म सधाार आि लगत हाा और

व लोग करफर स अपि परािी णसथणत म वापस आि लगत हाा

DAY-3

पाठ 10 करिया (क)

1 करिया करकसा कहत हाा

Page 8 of 14

उततर _ ऐस शबद णजिस करकसाी काम क करि या होि का पता चलता ह

उनह करिया कहत हाा

उदाहरण_ मायाा पसतक पढ रहाी हाा__ इस वाकय म( पढ रहाी ह )

करिया ह

2 धात करकसा कहत हाा उदाहरण दकर समझाइए

उततर _ करिया क मल रप को धात कहत हाा

जस __ पढिा करिया म पढ धात ह

णलखिा __ णलख

खािा ___ खा आकरद

3 ललाग और वचि क आधार पर करिया म करकस परकार का पररवतथि

आता ह

उततर _ 1 ललाग का परभााव _ वाकय म करिया का रप करता क अिसार

पररवरतथत होता ह

जस _ रणव गीत गा रहाा ह

भाविा गीत गा रहाी ह

2 वचि का परभााव _ वाकय म करिया का रप करता क वचि क

अिसार पररवरतथत होता ह

जस __ बचचाा खल रहाा ह

बचचा खल रहा हाा

4 करा म क आधार पर करिया क भदो की जािकारी उदाहरण क साथ

समझााओ

उततर _ करा म क आधार पर करिया क दो भद हाा __

Page 9 of 14

1 अकमथक करिया _ ऐसी करियाएा णजिका फल करा म पर पडता ह

अकामथक करिया कहलाती हाा

जस __ बचचाा खल रहाा ह

भाविा रो रही ह पहचाि _ करिया क साथ कया लगाकर परशन

पछि पर कोई उततर परापत िही होता ह

2 साकमथक करिया __ ऐसी करियाएा णजिा ह करा म की अपकषा

रहती ह सकमथक करिया कहलाती हाा

जस _ आशा गीत सि रहाी ह

माली पौधाा लगाा रहाा ह

पहचाि __ करिया क साथ कया लगाा कर परशन पछि पर उततर परापत होता

सकमथक करिया क भी दो भद होत हाा___

एककरा मक करिया __ वह पसतक पढ रहाा ह

धोबाी कपड धो रहाा ह

णदवकमथक करिया_ णपता ि पतर को पसतक लाकर दी

मि अणतणथयो को चाय णपलाई

Page 10 of 14

Page 11 of 14

DAY-4 पाठ11 काल परशन 1 काल करकसा कहत ह उततर _ करिया का वह रप णजसस उसक होि या करि का समय जञात हो काल कहलाता ह जस _ म पढाी थी

म पढती हा म पढागी

Page 12 of 14

DAY 5 परशन 2 काल क तीिाोाा भडो क पररचय दीणजए उततर_ काल क तीि भद हाा ___ 1 भतकाल __ करिया क णजस रप स बीत समय म कायथ क होि का

बोध हो भतकाल कहलाता ह जस _ मि पसतक पढाी म जला दी सो गई थी 2 वतथमाि काल _ करिया क णजस रप स चल रहा समय म कायथ

क होि का बोध होता ह वतथमाि काल कहत हाा जस _ करकसाि खत जोत रहाा ह वषथाा हो रहाी होगी 3 भणवषयत काल __ करिया क णजस रप स आि वाला समय म

कायथ क होि का बोध होता ह भणवषयत काल कहत हाा जस __ मालती पाठ पढागी मझा कल घर जािा ह

Page 13 of 14

Page 14 of 14

Page 1 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmail infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

MATHEMATICS

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

TOPIC Decimals

DAY-1 TEACHING MATERIAL

Decimals- The numbers expressed in decimal forms are called decimals For eg 68

1673 etc is a decimal

Decimal places - The number of digits contained in the decimal part of a decimal

gives the number of decimal places

for eg 574 has two decimal places and 8536 has three decimal places

Like Decimals- Decimals having the same number of decimal places are called like

decimals For eg 673 805 1908 are like decimals each having two decimal places

Unlike Decimals - Decimals having different number of decimal places are called

unlike decimals For eg 63 864 10023 are unlike decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

Page 2 of 8

httpyoutubeBeZyGg8xVCE

DAY-2

TEACHING MATERIAL

Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction bull Write the given decimal without the decimal point as the numerator of the fraction

bull In the denominator write 1 followed by as many zeros as there are decimal places in the given decimal

bull Reduce the above fraction to the simplest form

Converting a fraction into a Decimal

bull Divide the numerator by the denominator till a non zero remainder is obtained

bull Put a decimal point in the dividend as well as in the quotient

bull Put a zero on the right of the decimal point in the dividend asas well as on the

right of the remainder

bull Divide again just as we do in whole numbers

bull Repeat steps 3 and 4 till the remainder is zero

Page 3 of 8

httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk

httpsyoutubedo_IbHId2Os

Related Questions-

bull Convert each of the following into a fraction in its simplest form-

a) 08 b) 006

bull Convert each of the following as a mixed fraction

a) 56 b)6004

bull Convert the following into like decimals-

65 1604 0274 1194

bull Arrange the following decimals into ascending order

a) 46 74 458 732 406 b) 05 55 505 005 555

bull Express 45 mm in cm m and km

DAY-3 TEACHING MATERIAL

Addition and Subtraction of Decimals

Method

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals

bull Write the addends one under the other in column form keeping points of all the addends in the same

column and the digits of the same place in the same column

bull Add as in the case of whole numbers

bull In the sum put the decimal point directly under decimal points in the addends

Page 4 of 8

Subtraction of Decimals

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals bull Write the smaller number under the larger one in column form in such a way that the

decimals points of both the numbers are in the same column and the digits of the same

place lie in the same column bull Subtract as we do Im case of whole numbers

Related Questions-

Add the following--

a) 16 87 095 68 and 777 b) 125 1447 56 and 2146

Subtract

a) 1479 from 7243 b) 6732 from 9001

Take out 5746 from 91

What is to be added to 6358 to get 92

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutube5sbXpfJQSN8

httpyoutubejoF4sYmuC88

PPT LINKS

httpsyoutube5udpHfBlGxs

DAY-4

bull Multiplication of decimals-

Multiplication of a Decimal by 10 100 1000 etc

Page 5 of 8

On multiplying by 10 100 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the right by one two three places and so

on

Multiplication of a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Multiply the decimal without the decimal point by a given whole number

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product to have as many places of decimal as in the given decimal

Multiplication of a Decimal by a Decimal

Step 1 Multiply the two decimals without the decimal point just like whole numbers

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product in such s way that the number of decimal places in the product

is equal to the sum of the decimal places in the given decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

httpyoutube3H9DYeR5Wmg

Related Questions

1 Multiply 0086 by 076

2 Find the product of 047 times 53 times 006

3 If the cost of a pen is ₹ 2850 Find the cost of 48 such pens

4 A taxi driver charges ₹ 980 per km How much will he charge for a journey of 1065 km

DAY-5 Division of decimals

Page 6 of 8

Dividing a Decimal by 10 1001000 etc

Rules i) On dividing a Decimal by 10 the decimal point is shifted to the left by one place

ii) On dividing a Decimal by 100 the decimal point is shifted to the left by two places

iii) On dividing a Decimal by 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the left by three places and so on

Dividing a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Perform the division by considering the dividend a whole number

Step 2 When the division of whole number part of the dividend is completeput the

decimal point in the quotient and proceed with the decision as in case of whole

numbers

Related Questions

Divide the following

a) 168 by 12 b) 0567 by 9

A bowler took 15 wickets for 321 runsWhat is his average score per wicket

A car covers a distance of 1089km in 18 hours What is the average speed of

the car

VIDEO-LINKS httpyoutubeHdU_rf7eMTI

Exercise

bull Solve the following

a) add ( 238 2367 68 and 006)

b) Subtract 13486 from 22

c) 08 times 89 times 26

Page 7 of 8

d) 111times 12times 012

e)1646divide 20

bull What should be added to 206 to get 31

bull What should be subtracted from 01 to get 04

bull The product of two decimals is 1824 If one of them is 064 find the other

bull How many pieces of plywood each 045 cm thick are required to make a pile 243m high

bull Each side of a polygon is 29 cm in length and its perimeter is 174cm How many sides does the

polygon have

bull Express in km using decimal

a) 65m b) 3km 5m

bull By how much should 3267 be increased to get 601

bull A tin of oil weighs 168kgWhat is the weight of 45 such tins

bull Divide

a) 1319 by 10

b) 008 by 10

c) 47 by 1000

d) 002 by 100

Mind Map

Page 8 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

SCIENCE

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

CHAPTER- 5 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

DAY-1

NCERT Book Links ndash

Topic- Need for Separation

httpsbyjuscomncert-books-class-6-science

Teaching Notes ndash

Introduction-

In nature we find that most substances are mixed with other substances forming mixtures The

substances or components in the mixture may be undesirable or even harmful to humans health

Often you might have seen your mother cleaning rice grains and pulses before cooking Cleaning

is done to remove stones insects and eggs etc from the items to be cooked Also these items

are washed with water to remove dust and other small particles which cannot be removed by

hand

In this chapter we will learn about the different methods used to separate substances from a

mixture and for cleaning of food

Pure Substances Many substances around us contain only one type of constituent particles

Elements and compounds are pure substances Some of the pure substances are iron copper

water salt etc

Impure Substances Substances containing more than one type of constituent particles are

called impure substances Some of the impure substances are pond water milk etc

Page 1 of 24

Impurities These are the unwanted particles present in a substance making it impure

Mixtures Substances which contain more than one component mixed in any ratio are called

mixtures For example air is a mixture of many gases like nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide

dust particles etc

Homogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which the particles of the substances present cannot

be seen are called homogeneous mixtures For example solution of sugar and water air cold

drinks etc

Heterogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which particles of the substances present can be

seen easily are called heterogeneous mixtures For example water in oil dust in air

Page 2 of 24

Need for Separation We carry out the separation of the components of a mixture or an

impure substance with the following purposes

bull To remove the un useful or harmful component

bull To obtain the useful component

bull To remove impurities for getting a pure sample

Principle of separation

bull The substances present in a mixture retain their original properties like particle size

density melting point boiling point volatility etc

bull We use the difference in any one of these properties in the components of a mixture to

separate them

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutube41YfP2Ly-ew

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is mixture

2 Differentiate between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

3 Why there is need of separation

DAY-2

Teaching Notes ndash

Methods of Separation

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 3 of 24

The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

Page 4 of 24

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 1 of 14

BIHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT -HINDI

SESSION-2020-21

CLASS-6

Chepter वयाकरण

TOPIC ( पराग) पाठ _ 11 सााप की मणण 12 णिषठर अिका पा वयाकरण (

परखर) पाठ_10 करिया 11 काल

DAY-1

पाठ ___ 11 सााप की मणण

पाठ का उददशय _ इस कहािी क माधयम स सााप की मणण की वासतणवकता का पता चलता ह वाचि कौशल का णवकास भी

होगा

पाठ की भणमका_ परमचाद ि सााप क मणण क पीछ णछपी सतयकथाा को उजागर करकया ह यािी सााप की वासतणवकता स

पररणचत करवाि का परयास करकया ह

शबदााथथ __

णजि _ चचथाा

मोल_ कीमत मला य

जगि _ एक परकार का पतागाा णजसका शरीर स रोशिाी णिकलती ह

चाचल_ जो णसथर ि हो

समािाथी या परयायवाचाी

1 तलवार _ खडग शमशीर अणस करवाल

2 तालााब _ ताल सर सरोवर तडाग

3करदि_ करदवस वार वासर अहि

4 दःख _ वदिा वयथाा कषट पीडा

5 णिमथल_ शदध पावि सवचछ पणवतर

णवपररताथथक या णवलोम शबद

उदयम आलसा य

जीवि मता य

िमर िर

जय पराजय

िया परािा

Page 2 of 14

णलणखत कायथ_

(ख)

परशन 1 लखक कोलाबो कयो जािा चाहता था

उततर_ लखक कोलाबो घमि जािा चाहत थणवशषकर रावण की लाकापराी दखि क णलए

परशन 2 सााप की मणण क बारा म लखक ि कया सि रखाा था

उततर_ सााप की मणण क बार म लखक ि यह सि रखाा था करक उसका मोल सात बादशाहाोाा क होता ह

परशा ि 3सााप की मणण क बार म लखक क दोसत ि कया जािकारी दी

उततर _ सााप की मणण क बार म लखक क दोसत ि यह जािकारी दी करक__ लो भाई मणण का पता चल गया

परशन 4 सााप की मणण परापत करि क णलए करकस चीज का इसतमाल करकया गया और कस

उततर_ सााप की मणण परापत करि क णलए कीचड का करकसतमाल करकया गया

लखक क दोसत चपक स एक पड पर चढ गए और लखक को भी चढि का इशारा करि लगालखक भी

ऊपर चढ तब उिक दोसत डाणलयो पर स होत हए ठीक सााप क ऊपर आ गए और झट स उस मणण पर कीचड फक

करदएअाधारा छ गया और सााप घबडाकर इधर उधर दौडि लगाा इस परकार दोिोाा ि रात उसी पड क ऊपर गजाराी

एवम दसर करदि सवरा होत ही दोिोाा मणण लकर घर पहाच गए

परशन 5 लखक को मणण दखिा पर भी णवशवाास िही हो रहाा था कयो

उततर_ लखक को मणण दखकर भी णवशवाास इसणलए िहीाा हो रहा था कयोकरक लखक ि यह सि रखा था करक उसका मोल

सात बादशाहो क बराबर ह लकरकि यह मणण जो सााप क पास स लाया था इसम ऐसा कछ िही थायह एक पतथर था जो गमथ

होि पर रोशिाी दता था एवम गमथाी खतम होि पर सााप इसा पिः माह म रख लता था और भोजि की तलाश म णिकलता

था

परशन 6 मणण की सचचाई क बार म लखक को कया पता चल

उततर _ जबतक मणण को लखक ि िही दखाा था तबतक उनह यह सात बादशाहाोाा क बराबर की कोई चीज लगती थी

लकरकि जब लखक ि इसा अपिी आाखाोाा स दखाा तो इसम वसी कोई चीज िजर िही आई

Page 3 of 14

DAY 2

पाठ12 णिषठर अिका पा

पाठ का उददशा य_ इस पाठ क माधयम स यह बताि का परयास करकया गया

ह करक करा महीि होि स गरीबाी और परशाािी लगातार बढती ह

पाठ की भाणमका _ हमााा झठाी शाि म ि पडकर अपिी णसथणत का

धयाि रखिा चणहए और उसी क अिसार काम करिा चाणहएपररशरम करि

स जयादा सवाभाणवक पति कछ और िही हो सकता

Page 4 of 14

णलणखत कायथ

परशन 1 चाराोाा भाइयो क दवाराा काम ि करि का कया पररणाम हआ

उततर_ चाराोाा भाइयो क दवाराा काम ि करि का पररणाम हआ करक उिक

घर की णसथणत और करदि पर करदि बााद स बदतर होि लगाी

परशन2 साणहजि क पड स घर क लोग कस लाभ उठात थ

उततर _ साणहजि क पड स घर क लोग साणहजााि की फणललयोाा को

बचकर उिस णमला पसो स अपिा गजर बसर करत थ

परशन 3 ररशतदार क साथ सभाी लोग खािा खाि कयो िहीाा बठा

उततर_ ररशतदार क साथ सभाी लोग खािा खाि इसणलए िही बठा

कयोकरक उनह अपिी बदहालाी का गमाि थायािी व अपिी णसथणत को

जाित थ सार लोगाोाा क साथ खािा खाि स ररशतदार को उिकी

बदहालाी का पता शीघर ही चल जाता

परशन 4 महमाि ि गरीबाी का अिमाि कस लगाा णलयाऔर उसक मि म

कस णवचार आए

उततर_ महमाि ि दो बार ही भोजि करि पर तार णलया य लोग गरीबाी

क णशकार हो रहा हाा पहलाी बार भोजि तयार हआ तब बड भाई ि

बहि बिाया करक आज मरा सोमवार का वरत ह म खािा िही खाऊा गा

दसर ि कहाा मर पट म दरा द ह डॉकटर ि खाि स मिाा करकया ह

तीसर ि कहाा करक उस अपि दोसत क यहाााा जािा ह

ररशतदार क मिो यह णवचार आया करक णजस सहजि क पड

की फणललयो को बचकर य अपिा गजर बसर करत ह उसको ही काट करदया

जाए करफर तो य जब भखाोाा मरगा तो काम धाध पर णिकलगा ही

Page 5 of 14

परशन5 का जणडि ि बड भाई की मजबराी का फायदा कस उठाया

उततर_ महमाि क आि स भाई को मजबर पाकर का जणडि ि काम पस

करदए

परशन 6 महमाि ि सहजि का पड कयो काट करदया और उसका पररणाम कया

हआ

उततर _ महमाि ि चाराोाा भाइयो की काणहली को खता म करि की

खाणतर सहजि क पड को जड स ही काट करदया

पड क कटत ही उस पररवार म दणिक जररतो की सामािो क

णलए लोग छटपटाि लगाी करफर चाराोाा भाइयो ि कहाीाा ि कही

अपिी अपिी िौकराी

ढाढ ली और करफर उिकी णसथणत ठीक होि लगाी

परशर7 बढी माा ि महमाि क परणत करकस तरह का णवचार वयका त करकया

उततर _ यह दषट महमाि कहाााा स आया था यह ररशतदार िही

महमाि िहीाा णपछला जिा म का हमारा दशमि थल अगर इसा हमारी

बरी दशा पर तरस आ रहाा था तो हमार घर आठ दस मि अिाज ही

णभजवा करदया होता हमार घर k एकमातर सहार सणहजि को इसि कयो

काट डालाा

Page 6 of 14

परशन 8 महमाि को णवदा करत समय सभाी भाइयो ि कया कहाा

उततर_ उस करदि आपि हमारा सणहजि का पड िही काटा मािाो

हमारी काणहलाी को काट कर फ क करदया था अगर आप हम सब पर तरस

खाकर दस पााच मि अिाज हमार घर भज दत तो हम और भी िीचा णगर

जात पर बजकरदल बि जात आपि हमार बगीच का पड णगरकर हमारी

णगराी हई करकसमत को ही ऊा चा उडा करदयाह दणिया म बाधा होता ऐस

होाा

आशय सपषट करााा __

1 करकतिाा अचछा परणतणषठत खािदाि ह झठाी और बिावटी इजजत क

खयाल स य िौजवाि लडक खाि पीि की तकलीफ बदाथसत कर रहा हाा

उततर _ परसतत पाणि हमार पाठय पसतक परााग क शीषथक णिषठर अिका पा

स ली गई हइस कहािी क माधयम स लखक ि खािदाि की परणतषठा को

सबस ऊपर करदखात हए यह बताि का परयास करकया ह करक कल की मयाथदा ि

णमट जाए चाह हणममत जाएा याणि चाराोाा भाई अपि खािदाि की

खाणतर कोई काम धाधा िही करकया

2 उसका कठोर करा म क पीछ उसक करदल की िकिीयताी थी कोई

खराब इरादा िही

उततर _ परसाग _ यथावत रहाााग

वयाखा या _ उपयथि पाणि क आधार पर लखकि यहबतााि का

परयास करकया ह करक पररवार की णबगडती णसथणत को जब ररशतदार भााप

जाता ह तो उसकी मदद करि की बजााय उिक एकमातर सहार सहजि क

Page 7 of 14

पड को जड स काट दता हइस परकार व अपिी भरण पोषण करि हत काम

धाध म भी लग जात हाा अतः इिकी णसथणत म सधाार आि लगत हाा और

व लोग करफर स अपि परािी णसथणत म वापस आि लगत हाा

DAY-3

पाठ 10 करिया (क)

1 करिया करकसा कहत हाा

Page 8 of 14

उततर _ ऐस शबद णजिस करकसाी काम क करि या होि का पता चलता ह

उनह करिया कहत हाा

उदाहरण_ मायाा पसतक पढ रहाी हाा__ इस वाकय म( पढ रहाी ह )

करिया ह

2 धात करकसा कहत हाा उदाहरण दकर समझाइए

उततर _ करिया क मल रप को धात कहत हाा

जस __ पढिा करिया म पढ धात ह

णलखिा __ णलख

खािा ___ खा आकरद

3 ललाग और वचि क आधार पर करिया म करकस परकार का पररवतथि

आता ह

उततर _ 1 ललाग का परभााव _ वाकय म करिया का रप करता क अिसार

पररवरतथत होता ह

जस _ रणव गीत गा रहाा ह

भाविा गीत गा रहाी ह

2 वचि का परभााव _ वाकय म करिया का रप करता क वचि क

अिसार पररवरतथत होता ह

जस __ बचचाा खल रहाा ह

बचचा खल रहा हाा

4 करा म क आधार पर करिया क भदो की जािकारी उदाहरण क साथ

समझााओ

उततर _ करा म क आधार पर करिया क दो भद हाा __

Page 9 of 14

1 अकमथक करिया _ ऐसी करियाएा णजिका फल करा म पर पडता ह

अकामथक करिया कहलाती हाा

जस __ बचचाा खल रहाा ह

भाविा रो रही ह पहचाि _ करिया क साथ कया लगाकर परशन

पछि पर कोई उततर परापत िही होता ह

2 साकमथक करिया __ ऐसी करियाएा णजिा ह करा म की अपकषा

रहती ह सकमथक करिया कहलाती हाा

जस _ आशा गीत सि रहाी ह

माली पौधाा लगाा रहाा ह

पहचाि __ करिया क साथ कया लगाा कर परशन पछि पर उततर परापत होता

सकमथक करिया क भी दो भद होत हाा___

एककरा मक करिया __ वह पसतक पढ रहाा ह

धोबाी कपड धो रहाा ह

णदवकमथक करिया_ णपता ि पतर को पसतक लाकर दी

मि अणतणथयो को चाय णपलाई

Page 10 of 14

Page 11 of 14

DAY-4 पाठ11 काल परशन 1 काल करकसा कहत ह उततर _ करिया का वह रप णजसस उसक होि या करि का समय जञात हो काल कहलाता ह जस _ म पढाी थी

म पढती हा म पढागी

Page 12 of 14

DAY 5 परशन 2 काल क तीिाोाा भडो क पररचय दीणजए उततर_ काल क तीि भद हाा ___ 1 भतकाल __ करिया क णजस रप स बीत समय म कायथ क होि का

बोध हो भतकाल कहलाता ह जस _ मि पसतक पढाी म जला दी सो गई थी 2 वतथमाि काल _ करिया क णजस रप स चल रहा समय म कायथ

क होि का बोध होता ह वतथमाि काल कहत हाा जस _ करकसाि खत जोत रहाा ह वषथाा हो रहाी होगी 3 भणवषयत काल __ करिया क णजस रप स आि वाला समय म

कायथ क होि का बोध होता ह भणवषयत काल कहत हाा जस __ मालती पाठ पढागी मझा कल घर जािा ह

Page 13 of 14

Page 14 of 14

Page 1 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmail infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

MATHEMATICS

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

TOPIC Decimals

DAY-1 TEACHING MATERIAL

Decimals- The numbers expressed in decimal forms are called decimals For eg 68

1673 etc is a decimal

Decimal places - The number of digits contained in the decimal part of a decimal

gives the number of decimal places

for eg 574 has two decimal places and 8536 has three decimal places

Like Decimals- Decimals having the same number of decimal places are called like

decimals For eg 673 805 1908 are like decimals each having two decimal places

Unlike Decimals - Decimals having different number of decimal places are called

unlike decimals For eg 63 864 10023 are unlike decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

Page 2 of 8

httpyoutubeBeZyGg8xVCE

DAY-2

TEACHING MATERIAL

Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction bull Write the given decimal without the decimal point as the numerator of the fraction

bull In the denominator write 1 followed by as many zeros as there are decimal places in the given decimal

bull Reduce the above fraction to the simplest form

Converting a fraction into a Decimal

bull Divide the numerator by the denominator till a non zero remainder is obtained

bull Put a decimal point in the dividend as well as in the quotient

bull Put a zero on the right of the decimal point in the dividend asas well as on the

right of the remainder

bull Divide again just as we do in whole numbers

bull Repeat steps 3 and 4 till the remainder is zero

Page 3 of 8

httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk

httpsyoutubedo_IbHId2Os

Related Questions-

bull Convert each of the following into a fraction in its simplest form-

a) 08 b) 006

bull Convert each of the following as a mixed fraction

a) 56 b)6004

bull Convert the following into like decimals-

65 1604 0274 1194

bull Arrange the following decimals into ascending order

a) 46 74 458 732 406 b) 05 55 505 005 555

bull Express 45 mm in cm m and km

DAY-3 TEACHING MATERIAL

Addition and Subtraction of Decimals

Method

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals

bull Write the addends one under the other in column form keeping points of all the addends in the same

column and the digits of the same place in the same column

bull Add as in the case of whole numbers

bull In the sum put the decimal point directly under decimal points in the addends

Page 4 of 8

Subtraction of Decimals

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals bull Write the smaller number under the larger one in column form in such a way that the

decimals points of both the numbers are in the same column and the digits of the same

place lie in the same column bull Subtract as we do Im case of whole numbers

Related Questions-

Add the following--

a) 16 87 095 68 and 777 b) 125 1447 56 and 2146

Subtract

a) 1479 from 7243 b) 6732 from 9001

Take out 5746 from 91

What is to be added to 6358 to get 92

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutube5sbXpfJQSN8

httpyoutubejoF4sYmuC88

PPT LINKS

httpsyoutube5udpHfBlGxs

DAY-4

bull Multiplication of decimals-

Multiplication of a Decimal by 10 100 1000 etc

Page 5 of 8

On multiplying by 10 100 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the right by one two three places and so

on

Multiplication of a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Multiply the decimal without the decimal point by a given whole number

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product to have as many places of decimal as in the given decimal

Multiplication of a Decimal by a Decimal

Step 1 Multiply the two decimals without the decimal point just like whole numbers

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product in such s way that the number of decimal places in the product

is equal to the sum of the decimal places in the given decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

httpyoutube3H9DYeR5Wmg

Related Questions

1 Multiply 0086 by 076

2 Find the product of 047 times 53 times 006

3 If the cost of a pen is ₹ 2850 Find the cost of 48 such pens

4 A taxi driver charges ₹ 980 per km How much will he charge for a journey of 1065 km

DAY-5 Division of decimals

Page 6 of 8

Dividing a Decimal by 10 1001000 etc

Rules i) On dividing a Decimal by 10 the decimal point is shifted to the left by one place

ii) On dividing a Decimal by 100 the decimal point is shifted to the left by two places

iii) On dividing a Decimal by 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the left by three places and so on

Dividing a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Perform the division by considering the dividend a whole number

Step 2 When the division of whole number part of the dividend is completeput the

decimal point in the quotient and proceed with the decision as in case of whole

numbers

Related Questions

Divide the following

a) 168 by 12 b) 0567 by 9

A bowler took 15 wickets for 321 runsWhat is his average score per wicket

A car covers a distance of 1089km in 18 hours What is the average speed of

the car

VIDEO-LINKS httpyoutubeHdU_rf7eMTI

Exercise

bull Solve the following

a) add ( 238 2367 68 and 006)

b) Subtract 13486 from 22

c) 08 times 89 times 26

Page 7 of 8

d) 111times 12times 012

e)1646divide 20

bull What should be added to 206 to get 31

bull What should be subtracted from 01 to get 04

bull The product of two decimals is 1824 If one of them is 064 find the other

bull How many pieces of plywood each 045 cm thick are required to make a pile 243m high

bull Each side of a polygon is 29 cm in length and its perimeter is 174cm How many sides does the

polygon have

bull Express in km using decimal

a) 65m b) 3km 5m

bull By how much should 3267 be increased to get 601

bull A tin of oil weighs 168kgWhat is the weight of 45 such tins

bull Divide

a) 1319 by 10

b) 008 by 10

c) 47 by 1000

d) 002 by 100

Mind Map

Page 8 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

SCIENCE

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

CHAPTER- 5 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

DAY-1

NCERT Book Links ndash

Topic- Need for Separation

httpsbyjuscomncert-books-class-6-science

Teaching Notes ndash

Introduction-

In nature we find that most substances are mixed with other substances forming mixtures The

substances or components in the mixture may be undesirable or even harmful to humans health

Often you might have seen your mother cleaning rice grains and pulses before cooking Cleaning

is done to remove stones insects and eggs etc from the items to be cooked Also these items

are washed with water to remove dust and other small particles which cannot be removed by

hand

In this chapter we will learn about the different methods used to separate substances from a

mixture and for cleaning of food

Pure Substances Many substances around us contain only one type of constituent particles

Elements and compounds are pure substances Some of the pure substances are iron copper

water salt etc

Impure Substances Substances containing more than one type of constituent particles are

called impure substances Some of the impure substances are pond water milk etc

Page 1 of 24

Impurities These are the unwanted particles present in a substance making it impure

Mixtures Substances which contain more than one component mixed in any ratio are called

mixtures For example air is a mixture of many gases like nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide

dust particles etc

Homogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which the particles of the substances present cannot

be seen are called homogeneous mixtures For example solution of sugar and water air cold

drinks etc

Heterogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which particles of the substances present can be

seen easily are called heterogeneous mixtures For example water in oil dust in air

Page 2 of 24

Need for Separation We carry out the separation of the components of a mixture or an

impure substance with the following purposes

bull To remove the un useful or harmful component

bull To obtain the useful component

bull To remove impurities for getting a pure sample

Principle of separation

bull The substances present in a mixture retain their original properties like particle size

density melting point boiling point volatility etc

bull We use the difference in any one of these properties in the components of a mixture to

separate them

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutube41YfP2Ly-ew

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is mixture

2 Differentiate between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

3 Why there is need of separation

DAY-2

Teaching Notes ndash

Methods of Separation

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 3 of 24

The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

Page 4 of 24

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 2 of 14

णलणखत कायथ_

(ख)

परशन 1 लखक कोलाबो कयो जािा चाहता था

उततर_ लखक कोलाबो घमि जािा चाहत थणवशषकर रावण की लाकापराी दखि क णलए

परशन 2 सााप की मणण क बारा म लखक ि कया सि रखाा था

उततर_ सााप की मणण क बार म लखक ि यह सि रखाा था करक उसका मोल सात बादशाहाोाा क होता ह

परशा ि 3सााप की मणण क बार म लखक क दोसत ि कया जािकारी दी

उततर _ सााप की मणण क बार म लखक क दोसत ि यह जािकारी दी करक__ लो भाई मणण का पता चल गया

परशन 4 सााप की मणण परापत करि क णलए करकस चीज का इसतमाल करकया गया और कस

उततर_ सााप की मणण परापत करि क णलए कीचड का करकसतमाल करकया गया

लखक क दोसत चपक स एक पड पर चढ गए और लखक को भी चढि का इशारा करि लगालखक भी

ऊपर चढ तब उिक दोसत डाणलयो पर स होत हए ठीक सााप क ऊपर आ गए और झट स उस मणण पर कीचड फक

करदएअाधारा छ गया और सााप घबडाकर इधर उधर दौडि लगाा इस परकार दोिोाा ि रात उसी पड क ऊपर गजाराी

एवम दसर करदि सवरा होत ही दोिोाा मणण लकर घर पहाच गए

परशन 5 लखक को मणण दखिा पर भी णवशवाास िही हो रहाा था कयो

उततर_ लखक को मणण दखकर भी णवशवाास इसणलए िहीाा हो रहा था कयोकरक लखक ि यह सि रखा था करक उसका मोल

सात बादशाहो क बराबर ह लकरकि यह मणण जो सााप क पास स लाया था इसम ऐसा कछ िही थायह एक पतथर था जो गमथ

होि पर रोशिाी दता था एवम गमथाी खतम होि पर सााप इसा पिः माह म रख लता था और भोजि की तलाश म णिकलता

था

परशन 6 मणण की सचचाई क बार म लखक को कया पता चल

उततर _ जबतक मणण को लखक ि िही दखाा था तबतक उनह यह सात बादशाहाोाा क बराबर की कोई चीज लगती थी

लकरकि जब लखक ि इसा अपिी आाखाोाा स दखाा तो इसम वसी कोई चीज िजर िही आई

Page 3 of 14

DAY 2

पाठ12 णिषठर अिका पा

पाठ का उददशा य_ इस पाठ क माधयम स यह बताि का परयास करकया गया

ह करक करा महीि होि स गरीबाी और परशाािी लगातार बढती ह

पाठ की भाणमका _ हमााा झठाी शाि म ि पडकर अपिी णसथणत का

धयाि रखिा चणहए और उसी क अिसार काम करिा चाणहएपररशरम करि

स जयादा सवाभाणवक पति कछ और िही हो सकता

Page 4 of 14

णलणखत कायथ

परशन 1 चाराोाा भाइयो क दवाराा काम ि करि का कया पररणाम हआ

उततर_ चाराोाा भाइयो क दवाराा काम ि करि का पररणाम हआ करक उिक

घर की णसथणत और करदि पर करदि बााद स बदतर होि लगाी

परशन2 साणहजि क पड स घर क लोग कस लाभ उठात थ

उततर _ साणहजि क पड स घर क लोग साणहजााि की फणललयोाा को

बचकर उिस णमला पसो स अपिा गजर बसर करत थ

परशन 3 ररशतदार क साथ सभाी लोग खािा खाि कयो िहीाा बठा

उततर_ ररशतदार क साथ सभाी लोग खािा खाि इसणलए िही बठा

कयोकरक उनह अपिी बदहालाी का गमाि थायािी व अपिी णसथणत को

जाित थ सार लोगाोाा क साथ खािा खाि स ररशतदार को उिकी

बदहालाी का पता शीघर ही चल जाता

परशन 4 महमाि ि गरीबाी का अिमाि कस लगाा णलयाऔर उसक मि म

कस णवचार आए

उततर_ महमाि ि दो बार ही भोजि करि पर तार णलया य लोग गरीबाी

क णशकार हो रहा हाा पहलाी बार भोजि तयार हआ तब बड भाई ि

बहि बिाया करक आज मरा सोमवार का वरत ह म खािा िही खाऊा गा

दसर ि कहाा मर पट म दरा द ह डॉकटर ि खाि स मिाा करकया ह

तीसर ि कहाा करक उस अपि दोसत क यहाााा जािा ह

ररशतदार क मिो यह णवचार आया करक णजस सहजि क पड

की फणललयो को बचकर य अपिा गजर बसर करत ह उसको ही काट करदया

जाए करफर तो य जब भखाोाा मरगा तो काम धाध पर णिकलगा ही

Page 5 of 14

परशन5 का जणडि ि बड भाई की मजबराी का फायदा कस उठाया

उततर_ महमाि क आि स भाई को मजबर पाकर का जणडि ि काम पस

करदए

परशन 6 महमाि ि सहजि का पड कयो काट करदया और उसका पररणाम कया

हआ

उततर _ महमाि ि चाराोाा भाइयो की काणहली को खता म करि की

खाणतर सहजि क पड को जड स ही काट करदया

पड क कटत ही उस पररवार म दणिक जररतो की सामािो क

णलए लोग छटपटाि लगाी करफर चाराोाा भाइयो ि कहाीाा ि कही

अपिी अपिी िौकराी

ढाढ ली और करफर उिकी णसथणत ठीक होि लगाी

परशर7 बढी माा ि महमाि क परणत करकस तरह का णवचार वयका त करकया

उततर _ यह दषट महमाि कहाााा स आया था यह ररशतदार िही

महमाि िहीाा णपछला जिा म का हमारा दशमि थल अगर इसा हमारी

बरी दशा पर तरस आ रहाा था तो हमार घर आठ दस मि अिाज ही

णभजवा करदया होता हमार घर k एकमातर सहार सणहजि को इसि कयो

काट डालाा

Page 6 of 14

परशन 8 महमाि को णवदा करत समय सभाी भाइयो ि कया कहाा

उततर_ उस करदि आपि हमारा सणहजि का पड िही काटा मािाो

हमारी काणहलाी को काट कर फ क करदया था अगर आप हम सब पर तरस

खाकर दस पााच मि अिाज हमार घर भज दत तो हम और भी िीचा णगर

जात पर बजकरदल बि जात आपि हमार बगीच का पड णगरकर हमारी

णगराी हई करकसमत को ही ऊा चा उडा करदयाह दणिया म बाधा होता ऐस

होाा

आशय सपषट करााा __

1 करकतिाा अचछा परणतणषठत खािदाि ह झठाी और बिावटी इजजत क

खयाल स य िौजवाि लडक खाि पीि की तकलीफ बदाथसत कर रहा हाा

उततर _ परसतत पाणि हमार पाठय पसतक परााग क शीषथक णिषठर अिका पा

स ली गई हइस कहािी क माधयम स लखक ि खािदाि की परणतषठा को

सबस ऊपर करदखात हए यह बताि का परयास करकया ह करक कल की मयाथदा ि

णमट जाए चाह हणममत जाएा याणि चाराोाा भाई अपि खािदाि की

खाणतर कोई काम धाधा िही करकया

2 उसका कठोर करा म क पीछ उसक करदल की िकिीयताी थी कोई

खराब इरादा िही

उततर _ परसाग _ यथावत रहाााग

वयाखा या _ उपयथि पाणि क आधार पर लखकि यहबतााि का

परयास करकया ह करक पररवार की णबगडती णसथणत को जब ररशतदार भााप

जाता ह तो उसकी मदद करि की बजााय उिक एकमातर सहार सहजि क

Page 7 of 14

पड को जड स काट दता हइस परकार व अपिी भरण पोषण करि हत काम

धाध म भी लग जात हाा अतः इिकी णसथणत म सधाार आि लगत हाा और

व लोग करफर स अपि परािी णसथणत म वापस आि लगत हाा

DAY-3

पाठ 10 करिया (क)

1 करिया करकसा कहत हाा

Page 8 of 14

उततर _ ऐस शबद णजिस करकसाी काम क करि या होि का पता चलता ह

उनह करिया कहत हाा

उदाहरण_ मायाा पसतक पढ रहाी हाा__ इस वाकय म( पढ रहाी ह )

करिया ह

2 धात करकसा कहत हाा उदाहरण दकर समझाइए

उततर _ करिया क मल रप को धात कहत हाा

जस __ पढिा करिया म पढ धात ह

णलखिा __ णलख

खािा ___ खा आकरद

3 ललाग और वचि क आधार पर करिया म करकस परकार का पररवतथि

आता ह

उततर _ 1 ललाग का परभााव _ वाकय म करिया का रप करता क अिसार

पररवरतथत होता ह

जस _ रणव गीत गा रहाा ह

भाविा गीत गा रहाी ह

2 वचि का परभााव _ वाकय म करिया का रप करता क वचि क

अिसार पररवरतथत होता ह

जस __ बचचाा खल रहाा ह

बचचा खल रहा हाा

4 करा म क आधार पर करिया क भदो की जािकारी उदाहरण क साथ

समझााओ

उततर _ करा म क आधार पर करिया क दो भद हाा __

Page 9 of 14

1 अकमथक करिया _ ऐसी करियाएा णजिका फल करा म पर पडता ह

अकामथक करिया कहलाती हाा

जस __ बचचाा खल रहाा ह

भाविा रो रही ह पहचाि _ करिया क साथ कया लगाकर परशन

पछि पर कोई उततर परापत िही होता ह

2 साकमथक करिया __ ऐसी करियाएा णजिा ह करा म की अपकषा

रहती ह सकमथक करिया कहलाती हाा

जस _ आशा गीत सि रहाी ह

माली पौधाा लगाा रहाा ह

पहचाि __ करिया क साथ कया लगाा कर परशन पछि पर उततर परापत होता

सकमथक करिया क भी दो भद होत हाा___

एककरा मक करिया __ वह पसतक पढ रहाा ह

धोबाी कपड धो रहाा ह

णदवकमथक करिया_ णपता ि पतर को पसतक लाकर दी

मि अणतणथयो को चाय णपलाई

Page 10 of 14

Page 11 of 14

DAY-4 पाठ11 काल परशन 1 काल करकसा कहत ह उततर _ करिया का वह रप णजसस उसक होि या करि का समय जञात हो काल कहलाता ह जस _ म पढाी थी

म पढती हा म पढागी

Page 12 of 14

DAY 5 परशन 2 काल क तीिाोाा भडो क पररचय दीणजए उततर_ काल क तीि भद हाा ___ 1 भतकाल __ करिया क णजस रप स बीत समय म कायथ क होि का

बोध हो भतकाल कहलाता ह जस _ मि पसतक पढाी म जला दी सो गई थी 2 वतथमाि काल _ करिया क णजस रप स चल रहा समय म कायथ

क होि का बोध होता ह वतथमाि काल कहत हाा जस _ करकसाि खत जोत रहाा ह वषथाा हो रहाी होगी 3 भणवषयत काल __ करिया क णजस रप स आि वाला समय म

कायथ क होि का बोध होता ह भणवषयत काल कहत हाा जस __ मालती पाठ पढागी मझा कल घर जािा ह

Page 13 of 14

Page 14 of 14

Page 1 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmail infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

MATHEMATICS

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

TOPIC Decimals

DAY-1 TEACHING MATERIAL

Decimals- The numbers expressed in decimal forms are called decimals For eg 68

1673 etc is a decimal

Decimal places - The number of digits contained in the decimal part of a decimal

gives the number of decimal places

for eg 574 has two decimal places and 8536 has three decimal places

Like Decimals- Decimals having the same number of decimal places are called like

decimals For eg 673 805 1908 are like decimals each having two decimal places

Unlike Decimals - Decimals having different number of decimal places are called

unlike decimals For eg 63 864 10023 are unlike decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

Page 2 of 8

httpyoutubeBeZyGg8xVCE

DAY-2

TEACHING MATERIAL

Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction bull Write the given decimal without the decimal point as the numerator of the fraction

bull In the denominator write 1 followed by as many zeros as there are decimal places in the given decimal

bull Reduce the above fraction to the simplest form

Converting a fraction into a Decimal

bull Divide the numerator by the denominator till a non zero remainder is obtained

bull Put a decimal point in the dividend as well as in the quotient

bull Put a zero on the right of the decimal point in the dividend asas well as on the

right of the remainder

bull Divide again just as we do in whole numbers

bull Repeat steps 3 and 4 till the remainder is zero

Page 3 of 8

httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk

httpsyoutubedo_IbHId2Os

Related Questions-

bull Convert each of the following into a fraction in its simplest form-

a) 08 b) 006

bull Convert each of the following as a mixed fraction

a) 56 b)6004

bull Convert the following into like decimals-

65 1604 0274 1194

bull Arrange the following decimals into ascending order

a) 46 74 458 732 406 b) 05 55 505 005 555

bull Express 45 mm in cm m and km

DAY-3 TEACHING MATERIAL

Addition and Subtraction of Decimals

Method

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals

bull Write the addends one under the other in column form keeping points of all the addends in the same

column and the digits of the same place in the same column

bull Add as in the case of whole numbers

bull In the sum put the decimal point directly under decimal points in the addends

Page 4 of 8

Subtraction of Decimals

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals bull Write the smaller number under the larger one in column form in such a way that the

decimals points of both the numbers are in the same column and the digits of the same

place lie in the same column bull Subtract as we do Im case of whole numbers

Related Questions-

Add the following--

a) 16 87 095 68 and 777 b) 125 1447 56 and 2146

Subtract

a) 1479 from 7243 b) 6732 from 9001

Take out 5746 from 91

What is to be added to 6358 to get 92

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutube5sbXpfJQSN8

httpyoutubejoF4sYmuC88

PPT LINKS

httpsyoutube5udpHfBlGxs

DAY-4

bull Multiplication of decimals-

Multiplication of a Decimal by 10 100 1000 etc

Page 5 of 8

On multiplying by 10 100 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the right by one two three places and so

on

Multiplication of a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Multiply the decimal without the decimal point by a given whole number

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product to have as many places of decimal as in the given decimal

Multiplication of a Decimal by a Decimal

Step 1 Multiply the two decimals without the decimal point just like whole numbers

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product in such s way that the number of decimal places in the product

is equal to the sum of the decimal places in the given decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

httpyoutube3H9DYeR5Wmg

Related Questions

1 Multiply 0086 by 076

2 Find the product of 047 times 53 times 006

3 If the cost of a pen is ₹ 2850 Find the cost of 48 such pens

4 A taxi driver charges ₹ 980 per km How much will he charge for a journey of 1065 km

DAY-5 Division of decimals

Page 6 of 8

Dividing a Decimal by 10 1001000 etc

Rules i) On dividing a Decimal by 10 the decimal point is shifted to the left by one place

ii) On dividing a Decimal by 100 the decimal point is shifted to the left by two places

iii) On dividing a Decimal by 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the left by three places and so on

Dividing a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Perform the division by considering the dividend a whole number

Step 2 When the division of whole number part of the dividend is completeput the

decimal point in the quotient and proceed with the decision as in case of whole

numbers

Related Questions

Divide the following

a) 168 by 12 b) 0567 by 9

A bowler took 15 wickets for 321 runsWhat is his average score per wicket

A car covers a distance of 1089km in 18 hours What is the average speed of

the car

VIDEO-LINKS httpyoutubeHdU_rf7eMTI

Exercise

bull Solve the following

a) add ( 238 2367 68 and 006)

b) Subtract 13486 from 22

c) 08 times 89 times 26

Page 7 of 8

d) 111times 12times 012

e)1646divide 20

bull What should be added to 206 to get 31

bull What should be subtracted from 01 to get 04

bull The product of two decimals is 1824 If one of them is 064 find the other

bull How many pieces of plywood each 045 cm thick are required to make a pile 243m high

bull Each side of a polygon is 29 cm in length and its perimeter is 174cm How many sides does the

polygon have

bull Express in km using decimal

a) 65m b) 3km 5m

bull By how much should 3267 be increased to get 601

bull A tin of oil weighs 168kgWhat is the weight of 45 such tins

bull Divide

a) 1319 by 10

b) 008 by 10

c) 47 by 1000

d) 002 by 100

Mind Map

Page 8 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

SCIENCE

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

CHAPTER- 5 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

DAY-1

NCERT Book Links ndash

Topic- Need for Separation

httpsbyjuscomncert-books-class-6-science

Teaching Notes ndash

Introduction-

In nature we find that most substances are mixed with other substances forming mixtures The

substances or components in the mixture may be undesirable or even harmful to humans health

Often you might have seen your mother cleaning rice grains and pulses before cooking Cleaning

is done to remove stones insects and eggs etc from the items to be cooked Also these items

are washed with water to remove dust and other small particles which cannot be removed by

hand

In this chapter we will learn about the different methods used to separate substances from a

mixture and for cleaning of food

Pure Substances Many substances around us contain only one type of constituent particles

Elements and compounds are pure substances Some of the pure substances are iron copper

water salt etc

Impure Substances Substances containing more than one type of constituent particles are

called impure substances Some of the impure substances are pond water milk etc

Page 1 of 24

Impurities These are the unwanted particles present in a substance making it impure

Mixtures Substances which contain more than one component mixed in any ratio are called

mixtures For example air is a mixture of many gases like nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide

dust particles etc

Homogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which the particles of the substances present cannot

be seen are called homogeneous mixtures For example solution of sugar and water air cold

drinks etc

Heterogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which particles of the substances present can be

seen easily are called heterogeneous mixtures For example water in oil dust in air

Page 2 of 24

Need for Separation We carry out the separation of the components of a mixture or an

impure substance with the following purposes

bull To remove the un useful or harmful component

bull To obtain the useful component

bull To remove impurities for getting a pure sample

Principle of separation

bull The substances present in a mixture retain their original properties like particle size

density melting point boiling point volatility etc

bull We use the difference in any one of these properties in the components of a mixture to

separate them

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutube41YfP2Ly-ew

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is mixture

2 Differentiate between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

3 Why there is need of separation

DAY-2

Teaching Notes ndash

Methods of Separation

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 3 of 24

The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

Page 4 of 24

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 3 of 14

DAY 2

पाठ12 णिषठर अिका पा

पाठ का उददशा य_ इस पाठ क माधयम स यह बताि का परयास करकया गया

ह करक करा महीि होि स गरीबाी और परशाािी लगातार बढती ह

पाठ की भाणमका _ हमााा झठाी शाि म ि पडकर अपिी णसथणत का

धयाि रखिा चणहए और उसी क अिसार काम करिा चाणहएपररशरम करि

स जयादा सवाभाणवक पति कछ और िही हो सकता

Page 4 of 14

णलणखत कायथ

परशन 1 चाराोाा भाइयो क दवाराा काम ि करि का कया पररणाम हआ

उततर_ चाराोाा भाइयो क दवाराा काम ि करि का पररणाम हआ करक उिक

घर की णसथणत और करदि पर करदि बााद स बदतर होि लगाी

परशन2 साणहजि क पड स घर क लोग कस लाभ उठात थ

उततर _ साणहजि क पड स घर क लोग साणहजााि की फणललयोाा को

बचकर उिस णमला पसो स अपिा गजर बसर करत थ

परशन 3 ररशतदार क साथ सभाी लोग खािा खाि कयो िहीाा बठा

उततर_ ररशतदार क साथ सभाी लोग खािा खाि इसणलए िही बठा

कयोकरक उनह अपिी बदहालाी का गमाि थायािी व अपिी णसथणत को

जाित थ सार लोगाोाा क साथ खािा खाि स ररशतदार को उिकी

बदहालाी का पता शीघर ही चल जाता

परशन 4 महमाि ि गरीबाी का अिमाि कस लगाा णलयाऔर उसक मि म

कस णवचार आए

उततर_ महमाि ि दो बार ही भोजि करि पर तार णलया य लोग गरीबाी

क णशकार हो रहा हाा पहलाी बार भोजि तयार हआ तब बड भाई ि

बहि बिाया करक आज मरा सोमवार का वरत ह म खािा िही खाऊा गा

दसर ि कहाा मर पट म दरा द ह डॉकटर ि खाि स मिाा करकया ह

तीसर ि कहाा करक उस अपि दोसत क यहाााा जािा ह

ररशतदार क मिो यह णवचार आया करक णजस सहजि क पड

की फणललयो को बचकर य अपिा गजर बसर करत ह उसको ही काट करदया

जाए करफर तो य जब भखाोाा मरगा तो काम धाध पर णिकलगा ही

Page 5 of 14

परशन5 का जणडि ि बड भाई की मजबराी का फायदा कस उठाया

उततर_ महमाि क आि स भाई को मजबर पाकर का जणडि ि काम पस

करदए

परशन 6 महमाि ि सहजि का पड कयो काट करदया और उसका पररणाम कया

हआ

उततर _ महमाि ि चाराोाा भाइयो की काणहली को खता म करि की

खाणतर सहजि क पड को जड स ही काट करदया

पड क कटत ही उस पररवार म दणिक जररतो की सामािो क

णलए लोग छटपटाि लगाी करफर चाराोाा भाइयो ि कहाीाा ि कही

अपिी अपिी िौकराी

ढाढ ली और करफर उिकी णसथणत ठीक होि लगाी

परशर7 बढी माा ि महमाि क परणत करकस तरह का णवचार वयका त करकया

उततर _ यह दषट महमाि कहाााा स आया था यह ररशतदार िही

महमाि िहीाा णपछला जिा म का हमारा दशमि थल अगर इसा हमारी

बरी दशा पर तरस आ रहाा था तो हमार घर आठ दस मि अिाज ही

णभजवा करदया होता हमार घर k एकमातर सहार सणहजि को इसि कयो

काट डालाा

Page 6 of 14

परशन 8 महमाि को णवदा करत समय सभाी भाइयो ि कया कहाा

उततर_ उस करदि आपि हमारा सणहजि का पड िही काटा मािाो

हमारी काणहलाी को काट कर फ क करदया था अगर आप हम सब पर तरस

खाकर दस पााच मि अिाज हमार घर भज दत तो हम और भी िीचा णगर

जात पर बजकरदल बि जात आपि हमार बगीच का पड णगरकर हमारी

णगराी हई करकसमत को ही ऊा चा उडा करदयाह दणिया म बाधा होता ऐस

होाा

आशय सपषट करााा __

1 करकतिाा अचछा परणतणषठत खािदाि ह झठाी और बिावटी इजजत क

खयाल स य िौजवाि लडक खाि पीि की तकलीफ बदाथसत कर रहा हाा

उततर _ परसतत पाणि हमार पाठय पसतक परााग क शीषथक णिषठर अिका पा

स ली गई हइस कहािी क माधयम स लखक ि खािदाि की परणतषठा को

सबस ऊपर करदखात हए यह बताि का परयास करकया ह करक कल की मयाथदा ि

णमट जाए चाह हणममत जाएा याणि चाराोाा भाई अपि खािदाि की

खाणतर कोई काम धाधा िही करकया

2 उसका कठोर करा म क पीछ उसक करदल की िकिीयताी थी कोई

खराब इरादा िही

उततर _ परसाग _ यथावत रहाााग

वयाखा या _ उपयथि पाणि क आधार पर लखकि यहबतााि का

परयास करकया ह करक पररवार की णबगडती णसथणत को जब ररशतदार भााप

जाता ह तो उसकी मदद करि की बजााय उिक एकमातर सहार सहजि क

Page 7 of 14

पड को जड स काट दता हइस परकार व अपिी भरण पोषण करि हत काम

धाध म भी लग जात हाा अतः इिकी णसथणत म सधाार आि लगत हाा और

व लोग करफर स अपि परािी णसथणत म वापस आि लगत हाा

DAY-3

पाठ 10 करिया (क)

1 करिया करकसा कहत हाा

Page 8 of 14

उततर _ ऐस शबद णजिस करकसाी काम क करि या होि का पता चलता ह

उनह करिया कहत हाा

उदाहरण_ मायाा पसतक पढ रहाी हाा__ इस वाकय म( पढ रहाी ह )

करिया ह

2 धात करकसा कहत हाा उदाहरण दकर समझाइए

उततर _ करिया क मल रप को धात कहत हाा

जस __ पढिा करिया म पढ धात ह

णलखिा __ णलख

खािा ___ खा आकरद

3 ललाग और वचि क आधार पर करिया म करकस परकार का पररवतथि

आता ह

उततर _ 1 ललाग का परभााव _ वाकय म करिया का रप करता क अिसार

पररवरतथत होता ह

जस _ रणव गीत गा रहाा ह

भाविा गीत गा रहाी ह

2 वचि का परभााव _ वाकय म करिया का रप करता क वचि क

अिसार पररवरतथत होता ह

जस __ बचचाा खल रहाा ह

बचचा खल रहा हाा

4 करा म क आधार पर करिया क भदो की जािकारी उदाहरण क साथ

समझााओ

उततर _ करा म क आधार पर करिया क दो भद हाा __

Page 9 of 14

1 अकमथक करिया _ ऐसी करियाएा णजिका फल करा म पर पडता ह

अकामथक करिया कहलाती हाा

जस __ बचचाा खल रहाा ह

भाविा रो रही ह पहचाि _ करिया क साथ कया लगाकर परशन

पछि पर कोई उततर परापत िही होता ह

2 साकमथक करिया __ ऐसी करियाएा णजिा ह करा म की अपकषा

रहती ह सकमथक करिया कहलाती हाा

जस _ आशा गीत सि रहाी ह

माली पौधाा लगाा रहाा ह

पहचाि __ करिया क साथ कया लगाा कर परशन पछि पर उततर परापत होता

सकमथक करिया क भी दो भद होत हाा___

एककरा मक करिया __ वह पसतक पढ रहाा ह

धोबाी कपड धो रहाा ह

णदवकमथक करिया_ णपता ि पतर को पसतक लाकर दी

मि अणतणथयो को चाय णपलाई

Page 10 of 14

Page 11 of 14

DAY-4 पाठ11 काल परशन 1 काल करकसा कहत ह उततर _ करिया का वह रप णजसस उसक होि या करि का समय जञात हो काल कहलाता ह जस _ म पढाी थी

म पढती हा म पढागी

Page 12 of 14

DAY 5 परशन 2 काल क तीिाोाा भडो क पररचय दीणजए उततर_ काल क तीि भद हाा ___ 1 भतकाल __ करिया क णजस रप स बीत समय म कायथ क होि का

बोध हो भतकाल कहलाता ह जस _ मि पसतक पढाी म जला दी सो गई थी 2 वतथमाि काल _ करिया क णजस रप स चल रहा समय म कायथ

क होि का बोध होता ह वतथमाि काल कहत हाा जस _ करकसाि खत जोत रहाा ह वषथाा हो रहाी होगी 3 भणवषयत काल __ करिया क णजस रप स आि वाला समय म

कायथ क होि का बोध होता ह भणवषयत काल कहत हाा जस __ मालती पाठ पढागी मझा कल घर जािा ह

Page 13 of 14

Page 14 of 14

Page 1 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmail infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

MATHEMATICS

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

TOPIC Decimals

DAY-1 TEACHING MATERIAL

Decimals- The numbers expressed in decimal forms are called decimals For eg 68

1673 etc is a decimal

Decimal places - The number of digits contained in the decimal part of a decimal

gives the number of decimal places

for eg 574 has two decimal places and 8536 has three decimal places

Like Decimals- Decimals having the same number of decimal places are called like

decimals For eg 673 805 1908 are like decimals each having two decimal places

Unlike Decimals - Decimals having different number of decimal places are called

unlike decimals For eg 63 864 10023 are unlike decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

Page 2 of 8

httpyoutubeBeZyGg8xVCE

DAY-2

TEACHING MATERIAL

Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction bull Write the given decimal without the decimal point as the numerator of the fraction

bull In the denominator write 1 followed by as many zeros as there are decimal places in the given decimal

bull Reduce the above fraction to the simplest form

Converting a fraction into a Decimal

bull Divide the numerator by the denominator till a non zero remainder is obtained

bull Put a decimal point in the dividend as well as in the quotient

bull Put a zero on the right of the decimal point in the dividend asas well as on the

right of the remainder

bull Divide again just as we do in whole numbers

bull Repeat steps 3 and 4 till the remainder is zero

Page 3 of 8

httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk

httpsyoutubedo_IbHId2Os

Related Questions-

bull Convert each of the following into a fraction in its simplest form-

a) 08 b) 006

bull Convert each of the following as a mixed fraction

a) 56 b)6004

bull Convert the following into like decimals-

65 1604 0274 1194

bull Arrange the following decimals into ascending order

a) 46 74 458 732 406 b) 05 55 505 005 555

bull Express 45 mm in cm m and km

DAY-3 TEACHING MATERIAL

Addition and Subtraction of Decimals

Method

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals

bull Write the addends one under the other in column form keeping points of all the addends in the same

column and the digits of the same place in the same column

bull Add as in the case of whole numbers

bull In the sum put the decimal point directly under decimal points in the addends

Page 4 of 8

Subtraction of Decimals

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals bull Write the smaller number under the larger one in column form in such a way that the

decimals points of both the numbers are in the same column and the digits of the same

place lie in the same column bull Subtract as we do Im case of whole numbers

Related Questions-

Add the following--

a) 16 87 095 68 and 777 b) 125 1447 56 and 2146

Subtract

a) 1479 from 7243 b) 6732 from 9001

Take out 5746 from 91

What is to be added to 6358 to get 92

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutube5sbXpfJQSN8

httpyoutubejoF4sYmuC88

PPT LINKS

httpsyoutube5udpHfBlGxs

DAY-4

bull Multiplication of decimals-

Multiplication of a Decimal by 10 100 1000 etc

Page 5 of 8

On multiplying by 10 100 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the right by one two three places and so

on

Multiplication of a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Multiply the decimal without the decimal point by a given whole number

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product to have as many places of decimal as in the given decimal

Multiplication of a Decimal by a Decimal

Step 1 Multiply the two decimals without the decimal point just like whole numbers

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product in such s way that the number of decimal places in the product

is equal to the sum of the decimal places in the given decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

httpyoutube3H9DYeR5Wmg

Related Questions

1 Multiply 0086 by 076

2 Find the product of 047 times 53 times 006

3 If the cost of a pen is ₹ 2850 Find the cost of 48 such pens

4 A taxi driver charges ₹ 980 per km How much will he charge for a journey of 1065 km

DAY-5 Division of decimals

Page 6 of 8

Dividing a Decimal by 10 1001000 etc

Rules i) On dividing a Decimal by 10 the decimal point is shifted to the left by one place

ii) On dividing a Decimal by 100 the decimal point is shifted to the left by two places

iii) On dividing a Decimal by 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the left by three places and so on

Dividing a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Perform the division by considering the dividend a whole number

Step 2 When the division of whole number part of the dividend is completeput the

decimal point in the quotient and proceed with the decision as in case of whole

numbers

Related Questions

Divide the following

a) 168 by 12 b) 0567 by 9

A bowler took 15 wickets for 321 runsWhat is his average score per wicket

A car covers a distance of 1089km in 18 hours What is the average speed of

the car

VIDEO-LINKS httpyoutubeHdU_rf7eMTI

Exercise

bull Solve the following

a) add ( 238 2367 68 and 006)

b) Subtract 13486 from 22

c) 08 times 89 times 26

Page 7 of 8

d) 111times 12times 012

e)1646divide 20

bull What should be added to 206 to get 31

bull What should be subtracted from 01 to get 04

bull The product of two decimals is 1824 If one of them is 064 find the other

bull How many pieces of plywood each 045 cm thick are required to make a pile 243m high

bull Each side of a polygon is 29 cm in length and its perimeter is 174cm How many sides does the

polygon have

bull Express in km using decimal

a) 65m b) 3km 5m

bull By how much should 3267 be increased to get 601

bull A tin of oil weighs 168kgWhat is the weight of 45 such tins

bull Divide

a) 1319 by 10

b) 008 by 10

c) 47 by 1000

d) 002 by 100

Mind Map

Page 8 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

SCIENCE

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

CHAPTER- 5 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

DAY-1

NCERT Book Links ndash

Topic- Need for Separation

httpsbyjuscomncert-books-class-6-science

Teaching Notes ndash

Introduction-

In nature we find that most substances are mixed with other substances forming mixtures The

substances or components in the mixture may be undesirable or even harmful to humans health

Often you might have seen your mother cleaning rice grains and pulses before cooking Cleaning

is done to remove stones insects and eggs etc from the items to be cooked Also these items

are washed with water to remove dust and other small particles which cannot be removed by

hand

In this chapter we will learn about the different methods used to separate substances from a

mixture and for cleaning of food

Pure Substances Many substances around us contain only one type of constituent particles

Elements and compounds are pure substances Some of the pure substances are iron copper

water salt etc

Impure Substances Substances containing more than one type of constituent particles are

called impure substances Some of the impure substances are pond water milk etc

Page 1 of 24

Impurities These are the unwanted particles present in a substance making it impure

Mixtures Substances which contain more than one component mixed in any ratio are called

mixtures For example air is a mixture of many gases like nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide

dust particles etc

Homogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which the particles of the substances present cannot

be seen are called homogeneous mixtures For example solution of sugar and water air cold

drinks etc

Heterogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which particles of the substances present can be

seen easily are called heterogeneous mixtures For example water in oil dust in air

Page 2 of 24

Need for Separation We carry out the separation of the components of a mixture or an

impure substance with the following purposes

bull To remove the un useful or harmful component

bull To obtain the useful component

bull To remove impurities for getting a pure sample

Principle of separation

bull The substances present in a mixture retain their original properties like particle size

density melting point boiling point volatility etc

bull We use the difference in any one of these properties in the components of a mixture to

separate them

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutube41YfP2Ly-ew

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is mixture

2 Differentiate between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

3 Why there is need of separation

DAY-2

Teaching Notes ndash

Methods of Separation

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 3 of 24

The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

Page 4 of 24

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 4 of 14

णलणखत कायथ

परशन 1 चाराोाा भाइयो क दवाराा काम ि करि का कया पररणाम हआ

उततर_ चाराोाा भाइयो क दवाराा काम ि करि का पररणाम हआ करक उिक

घर की णसथणत और करदि पर करदि बााद स बदतर होि लगाी

परशन2 साणहजि क पड स घर क लोग कस लाभ उठात थ

उततर _ साणहजि क पड स घर क लोग साणहजााि की फणललयोाा को

बचकर उिस णमला पसो स अपिा गजर बसर करत थ

परशन 3 ररशतदार क साथ सभाी लोग खािा खाि कयो िहीाा बठा

उततर_ ररशतदार क साथ सभाी लोग खािा खाि इसणलए िही बठा

कयोकरक उनह अपिी बदहालाी का गमाि थायािी व अपिी णसथणत को

जाित थ सार लोगाोाा क साथ खािा खाि स ररशतदार को उिकी

बदहालाी का पता शीघर ही चल जाता

परशन 4 महमाि ि गरीबाी का अिमाि कस लगाा णलयाऔर उसक मि म

कस णवचार आए

उततर_ महमाि ि दो बार ही भोजि करि पर तार णलया य लोग गरीबाी

क णशकार हो रहा हाा पहलाी बार भोजि तयार हआ तब बड भाई ि

बहि बिाया करक आज मरा सोमवार का वरत ह म खािा िही खाऊा गा

दसर ि कहाा मर पट म दरा द ह डॉकटर ि खाि स मिाा करकया ह

तीसर ि कहाा करक उस अपि दोसत क यहाााा जािा ह

ररशतदार क मिो यह णवचार आया करक णजस सहजि क पड

की फणललयो को बचकर य अपिा गजर बसर करत ह उसको ही काट करदया

जाए करफर तो य जब भखाोाा मरगा तो काम धाध पर णिकलगा ही

Page 5 of 14

परशन5 का जणडि ि बड भाई की मजबराी का फायदा कस उठाया

उततर_ महमाि क आि स भाई को मजबर पाकर का जणडि ि काम पस

करदए

परशन 6 महमाि ि सहजि का पड कयो काट करदया और उसका पररणाम कया

हआ

उततर _ महमाि ि चाराोाा भाइयो की काणहली को खता म करि की

खाणतर सहजि क पड को जड स ही काट करदया

पड क कटत ही उस पररवार म दणिक जररतो की सामािो क

णलए लोग छटपटाि लगाी करफर चाराोाा भाइयो ि कहाीाा ि कही

अपिी अपिी िौकराी

ढाढ ली और करफर उिकी णसथणत ठीक होि लगाी

परशर7 बढी माा ि महमाि क परणत करकस तरह का णवचार वयका त करकया

उततर _ यह दषट महमाि कहाााा स आया था यह ररशतदार िही

महमाि िहीाा णपछला जिा म का हमारा दशमि थल अगर इसा हमारी

बरी दशा पर तरस आ रहाा था तो हमार घर आठ दस मि अिाज ही

णभजवा करदया होता हमार घर k एकमातर सहार सणहजि को इसि कयो

काट डालाा

Page 6 of 14

परशन 8 महमाि को णवदा करत समय सभाी भाइयो ि कया कहाा

उततर_ उस करदि आपि हमारा सणहजि का पड िही काटा मािाो

हमारी काणहलाी को काट कर फ क करदया था अगर आप हम सब पर तरस

खाकर दस पााच मि अिाज हमार घर भज दत तो हम और भी िीचा णगर

जात पर बजकरदल बि जात आपि हमार बगीच का पड णगरकर हमारी

णगराी हई करकसमत को ही ऊा चा उडा करदयाह दणिया म बाधा होता ऐस

होाा

आशय सपषट करााा __

1 करकतिाा अचछा परणतणषठत खािदाि ह झठाी और बिावटी इजजत क

खयाल स य िौजवाि लडक खाि पीि की तकलीफ बदाथसत कर रहा हाा

उततर _ परसतत पाणि हमार पाठय पसतक परााग क शीषथक णिषठर अिका पा

स ली गई हइस कहािी क माधयम स लखक ि खािदाि की परणतषठा को

सबस ऊपर करदखात हए यह बताि का परयास करकया ह करक कल की मयाथदा ि

णमट जाए चाह हणममत जाएा याणि चाराोाा भाई अपि खािदाि की

खाणतर कोई काम धाधा िही करकया

2 उसका कठोर करा म क पीछ उसक करदल की िकिीयताी थी कोई

खराब इरादा िही

उततर _ परसाग _ यथावत रहाााग

वयाखा या _ उपयथि पाणि क आधार पर लखकि यहबतााि का

परयास करकया ह करक पररवार की णबगडती णसथणत को जब ररशतदार भााप

जाता ह तो उसकी मदद करि की बजााय उिक एकमातर सहार सहजि क

Page 7 of 14

पड को जड स काट दता हइस परकार व अपिी भरण पोषण करि हत काम

धाध म भी लग जात हाा अतः इिकी णसथणत म सधाार आि लगत हाा और

व लोग करफर स अपि परािी णसथणत म वापस आि लगत हाा

DAY-3

पाठ 10 करिया (क)

1 करिया करकसा कहत हाा

Page 8 of 14

उततर _ ऐस शबद णजिस करकसाी काम क करि या होि का पता चलता ह

उनह करिया कहत हाा

उदाहरण_ मायाा पसतक पढ रहाी हाा__ इस वाकय म( पढ रहाी ह )

करिया ह

2 धात करकसा कहत हाा उदाहरण दकर समझाइए

उततर _ करिया क मल रप को धात कहत हाा

जस __ पढिा करिया म पढ धात ह

णलखिा __ णलख

खािा ___ खा आकरद

3 ललाग और वचि क आधार पर करिया म करकस परकार का पररवतथि

आता ह

उततर _ 1 ललाग का परभााव _ वाकय म करिया का रप करता क अिसार

पररवरतथत होता ह

जस _ रणव गीत गा रहाा ह

भाविा गीत गा रहाी ह

2 वचि का परभााव _ वाकय म करिया का रप करता क वचि क

अिसार पररवरतथत होता ह

जस __ बचचाा खल रहाा ह

बचचा खल रहा हाा

4 करा म क आधार पर करिया क भदो की जािकारी उदाहरण क साथ

समझााओ

उततर _ करा म क आधार पर करिया क दो भद हाा __

Page 9 of 14

1 अकमथक करिया _ ऐसी करियाएा णजिका फल करा म पर पडता ह

अकामथक करिया कहलाती हाा

जस __ बचचाा खल रहाा ह

भाविा रो रही ह पहचाि _ करिया क साथ कया लगाकर परशन

पछि पर कोई उततर परापत िही होता ह

2 साकमथक करिया __ ऐसी करियाएा णजिा ह करा म की अपकषा

रहती ह सकमथक करिया कहलाती हाा

जस _ आशा गीत सि रहाी ह

माली पौधाा लगाा रहाा ह

पहचाि __ करिया क साथ कया लगाा कर परशन पछि पर उततर परापत होता

सकमथक करिया क भी दो भद होत हाा___

एककरा मक करिया __ वह पसतक पढ रहाा ह

धोबाी कपड धो रहाा ह

णदवकमथक करिया_ णपता ि पतर को पसतक लाकर दी

मि अणतणथयो को चाय णपलाई

Page 10 of 14

Page 11 of 14

DAY-4 पाठ11 काल परशन 1 काल करकसा कहत ह उततर _ करिया का वह रप णजसस उसक होि या करि का समय जञात हो काल कहलाता ह जस _ म पढाी थी

म पढती हा म पढागी

Page 12 of 14

DAY 5 परशन 2 काल क तीिाोाा भडो क पररचय दीणजए उततर_ काल क तीि भद हाा ___ 1 भतकाल __ करिया क णजस रप स बीत समय म कायथ क होि का

बोध हो भतकाल कहलाता ह जस _ मि पसतक पढाी म जला दी सो गई थी 2 वतथमाि काल _ करिया क णजस रप स चल रहा समय म कायथ

क होि का बोध होता ह वतथमाि काल कहत हाा जस _ करकसाि खत जोत रहाा ह वषथाा हो रहाी होगी 3 भणवषयत काल __ करिया क णजस रप स आि वाला समय म

कायथ क होि का बोध होता ह भणवषयत काल कहत हाा जस __ मालती पाठ पढागी मझा कल घर जािा ह

Page 13 of 14

Page 14 of 14

Page 1 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmail infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

MATHEMATICS

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

TOPIC Decimals

DAY-1 TEACHING MATERIAL

Decimals- The numbers expressed in decimal forms are called decimals For eg 68

1673 etc is a decimal

Decimal places - The number of digits contained in the decimal part of a decimal

gives the number of decimal places

for eg 574 has two decimal places and 8536 has three decimal places

Like Decimals- Decimals having the same number of decimal places are called like

decimals For eg 673 805 1908 are like decimals each having two decimal places

Unlike Decimals - Decimals having different number of decimal places are called

unlike decimals For eg 63 864 10023 are unlike decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

Page 2 of 8

httpyoutubeBeZyGg8xVCE

DAY-2

TEACHING MATERIAL

Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction bull Write the given decimal without the decimal point as the numerator of the fraction

bull In the denominator write 1 followed by as many zeros as there are decimal places in the given decimal

bull Reduce the above fraction to the simplest form

Converting a fraction into a Decimal

bull Divide the numerator by the denominator till a non zero remainder is obtained

bull Put a decimal point in the dividend as well as in the quotient

bull Put a zero on the right of the decimal point in the dividend asas well as on the

right of the remainder

bull Divide again just as we do in whole numbers

bull Repeat steps 3 and 4 till the remainder is zero

Page 3 of 8

httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk

httpsyoutubedo_IbHId2Os

Related Questions-

bull Convert each of the following into a fraction in its simplest form-

a) 08 b) 006

bull Convert each of the following as a mixed fraction

a) 56 b)6004

bull Convert the following into like decimals-

65 1604 0274 1194

bull Arrange the following decimals into ascending order

a) 46 74 458 732 406 b) 05 55 505 005 555

bull Express 45 mm in cm m and km

DAY-3 TEACHING MATERIAL

Addition and Subtraction of Decimals

Method

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals

bull Write the addends one under the other in column form keeping points of all the addends in the same

column and the digits of the same place in the same column

bull Add as in the case of whole numbers

bull In the sum put the decimal point directly under decimal points in the addends

Page 4 of 8

Subtraction of Decimals

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals bull Write the smaller number under the larger one in column form in such a way that the

decimals points of both the numbers are in the same column and the digits of the same

place lie in the same column bull Subtract as we do Im case of whole numbers

Related Questions-

Add the following--

a) 16 87 095 68 and 777 b) 125 1447 56 and 2146

Subtract

a) 1479 from 7243 b) 6732 from 9001

Take out 5746 from 91

What is to be added to 6358 to get 92

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutube5sbXpfJQSN8

httpyoutubejoF4sYmuC88

PPT LINKS

httpsyoutube5udpHfBlGxs

DAY-4

bull Multiplication of decimals-

Multiplication of a Decimal by 10 100 1000 etc

Page 5 of 8

On multiplying by 10 100 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the right by one two three places and so

on

Multiplication of a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Multiply the decimal without the decimal point by a given whole number

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product to have as many places of decimal as in the given decimal

Multiplication of a Decimal by a Decimal

Step 1 Multiply the two decimals without the decimal point just like whole numbers

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product in such s way that the number of decimal places in the product

is equal to the sum of the decimal places in the given decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

httpyoutube3H9DYeR5Wmg

Related Questions

1 Multiply 0086 by 076

2 Find the product of 047 times 53 times 006

3 If the cost of a pen is ₹ 2850 Find the cost of 48 such pens

4 A taxi driver charges ₹ 980 per km How much will he charge for a journey of 1065 km

DAY-5 Division of decimals

Page 6 of 8

Dividing a Decimal by 10 1001000 etc

Rules i) On dividing a Decimal by 10 the decimal point is shifted to the left by one place

ii) On dividing a Decimal by 100 the decimal point is shifted to the left by two places

iii) On dividing a Decimal by 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the left by three places and so on

Dividing a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Perform the division by considering the dividend a whole number

Step 2 When the division of whole number part of the dividend is completeput the

decimal point in the quotient and proceed with the decision as in case of whole

numbers

Related Questions

Divide the following

a) 168 by 12 b) 0567 by 9

A bowler took 15 wickets for 321 runsWhat is his average score per wicket

A car covers a distance of 1089km in 18 hours What is the average speed of

the car

VIDEO-LINKS httpyoutubeHdU_rf7eMTI

Exercise

bull Solve the following

a) add ( 238 2367 68 and 006)

b) Subtract 13486 from 22

c) 08 times 89 times 26

Page 7 of 8

d) 111times 12times 012

e)1646divide 20

bull What should be added to 206 to get 31

bull What should be subtracted from 01 to get 04

bull The product of two decimals is 1824 If one of them is 064 find the other

bull How many pieces of plywood each 045 cm thick are required to make a pile 243m high

bull Each side of a polygon is 29 cm in length and its perimeter is 174cm How many sides does the

polygon have

bull Express in km using decimal

a) 65m b) 3km 5m

bull By how much should 3267 be increased to get 601

bull A tin of oil weighs 168kgWhat is the weight of 45 such tins

bull Divide

a) 1319 by 10

b) 008 by 10

c) 47 by 1000

d) 002 by 100

Mind Map

Page 8 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

SCIENCE

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

CHAPTER- 5 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

DAY-1

NCERT Book Links ndash

Topic- Need for Separation

httpsbyjuscomncert-books-class-6-science

Teaching Notes ndash

Introduction-

In nature we find that most substances are mixed with other substances forming mixtures The

substances or components in the mixture may be undesirable or even harmful to humans health

Often you might have seen your mother cleaning rice grains and pulses before cooking Cleaning

is done to remove stones insects and eggs etc from the items to be cooked Also these items

are washed with water to remove dust and other small particles which cannot be removed by

hand

In this chapter we will learn about the different methods used to separate substances from a

mixture and for cleaning of food

Pure Substances Many substances around us contain only one type of constituent particles

Elements and compounds are pure substances Some of the pure substances are iron copper

water salt etc

Impure Substances Substances containing more than one type of constituent particles are

called impure substances Some of the impure substances are pond water milk etc

Page 1 of 24

Impurities These are the unwanted particles present in a substance making it impure

Mixtures Substances which contain more than one component mixed in any ratio are called

mixtures For example air is a mixture of many gases like nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide

dust particles etc

Homogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which the particles of the substances present cannot

be seen are called homogeneous mixtures For example solution of sugar and water air cold

drinks etc

Heterogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which particles of the substances present can be

seen easily are called heterogeneous mixtures For example water in oil dust in air

Page 2 of 24

Need for Separation We carry out the separation of the components of a mixture or an

impure substance with the following purposes

bull To remove the un useful or harmful component

bull To obtain the useful component

bull To remove impurities for getting a pure sample

Principle of separation

bull The substances present in a mixture retain their original properties like particle size

density melting point boiling point volatility etc

bull We use the difference in any one of these properties in the components of a mixture to

separate them

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutube41YfP2Ly-ew

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is mixture

2 Differentiate between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

3 Why there is need of separation

DAY-2

Teaching Notes ndash

Methods of Separation

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 3 of 24

The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

Page 4 of 24

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 5 of 14

परशन5 का जणडि ि बड भाई की मजबराी का फायदा कस उठाया

उततर_ महमाि क आि स भाई को मजबर पाकर का जणडि ि काम पस

करदए

परशन 6 महमाि ि सहजि का पड कयो काट करदया और उसका पररणाम कया

हआ

उततर _ महमाि ि चाराोाा भाइयो की काणहली को खता म करि की

खाणतर सहजि क पड को जड स ही काट करदया

पड क कटत ही उस पररवार म दणिक जररतो की सामािो क

णलए लोग छटपटाि लगाी करफर चाराोाा भाइयो ि कहाीाा ि कही

अपिी अपिी िौकराी

ढाढ ली और करफर उिकी णसथणत ठीक होि लगाी

परशर7 बढी माा ि महमाि क परणत करकस तरह का णवचार वयका त करकया

उततर _ यह दषट महमाि कहाााा स आया था यह ररशतदार िही

महमाि िहीाा णपछला जिा म का हमारा दशमि थल अगर इसा हमारी

बरी दशा पर तरस आ रहाा था तो हमार घर आठ दस मि अिाज ही

णभजवा करदया होता हमार घर k एकमातर सहार सणहजि को इसि कयो

काट डालाा

Page 6 of 14

परशन 8 महमाि को णवदा करत समय सभाी भाइयो ि कया कहाा

उततर_ उस करदि आपि हमारा सणहजि का पड िही काटा मािाो

हमारी काणहलाी को काट कर फ क करदया था अगर आप हम सब पर तरस

खाकर दस पााच मि अिाज हमार घर भज दत तो हम और भी िीचा णगर

जात पर बजकरदल बि जात आपि हमार बगीच का पड णगरकर हमारी

णगराी हई करकसमत को ही ऊा चा उडा करदयाह दणिया म बाधा होता ऐस

होाा

आशय सपषट करााा __

1 करकतिाा अचछा परणतणषठत खािदाि ह झठाी और बिावटी इजजत क

खयाल स य िौजवाि लडक खाि पीि की तकलीफ बदाथसत कर रहा हाा

उततर _ परसतत पाणि हमार पाठय पसतक परााग क शीषथक णिषठर अिका पा

स ली गई हइस कहािी क माधयम स लखक ि खािदाि की परणतषठा को

सबस ऊपर करदखात हए यह बताि का परयास करकया ह करक कल की मयाथदा ि

णमट जाए चाह हणममत जाएा याणि चाराोाा भाई अपि खािदाि की

खाणतर कोई काम धाधा िही करकया

2 उसका कठोर करा म क पीछ उसक करदल की िकिीयताी थी कोई

खराब इरादा िही

उततर _ परसाग _ यथावत रहाााग

वयाखा या _ उपयथि पाणि क आधार पर लखकि यहबतााि का

परयास करकया ह करक पररवार की णबगडती णसथणत को जब ररशतदार भााप

जाता ह तो उसकी मदद करि की बजााय उिक एकमातर सहार सहजि क

Page 7 of 14

पड को जड स काट दता हइस परकार व अपिी भरण पोषण करि हत काम

धाध म भी लग जात हाा अतः इिकी णसथणत म सधाार आि लगत हाा और

व लोग करफर स अपि परािी णसथणत म वापस आि लगत हाा

DAY-3

पाठ 10 करिया (क)

1 करिया करकसा कहत हाा

Page 8 of 14

उततर _ ऐस शबद णजिस करकसाी काम क करि या होि का पता चलता ह

उनह करिया कहत हाा

उदाहरण_ मायाा पसतक पढ रहाी हाा__ इस वाकय म( पढ रहाी ह )

करिया ह

2 धात करकसा कहत हाा उदाहरण दकर समझाइए

उततर _ करिया क मल रप को धात कहत हाा

जस __ पढिा करिया म पढ धात ह

णलखिा __ णलख

खािा ___ खा आकरद

3 ललाग और वचि क आधार पर करिया म करकस परकार का पररवतथि

आता ह

उततर _ 1 ललाग का परभााव _ वाकय म करिया का रप करता क अिसार

पररवरतथत होता ह

जस _ रणव गीत गा रहाा ह

भाविा गीत गा रहाी ह

2 वचि का परभााव _ वाकय म करिया का रप करता क वचि क

अिसार पररवरतथत होता ह

जस __ बचचाा खल रहाा ह

बचचा खल रहा हाा

4 करा म क आधार पर करिया क भदो की जािकारी उदाहरण क साथ

समझााओ

उततर _ करा म क आधार पर करिया क दो भद हाा __

Page 9 of 14

1 अकमथक करिया _ ऐसी करियाएा णजिका फल करा म पर पडता ह

अकामथक करिया कहलाती हाा

जस __ बचचाा खल रहाा ह

भाविा रो रही ह पहचाि _ करिया क साथ कया लगाकर परशन

पछि पर कोई उततर परापत िही होता ह

2 साकमथक करिया __ ऐसी करियाएा णजिा ह करा म की अपकषा

रहती ह सकमथक करिया कहलाती हाा

जस _ आशा गीत सि रहाी ह

माली पौधाा लगाा रहाा ह

पहचाि __ करिया क साथ कया लगाा कर परशन पछि पर उततर परापत होता

सकमथक करिया क भी दो भद होत हाा___

एककरा मक करिया __ वह पसतक पढ रहाा ह

धोबाी कपड धो रहाा ह

णदवकमथक करिया_ णपता ि पतर को पसतक लाकर दी

मि अणतणथयो को चाय णपलाई

Page 10 of 14

Page 11 of 14

DAY-4 पाठ11 काल परशन 1 काल करकसा कहत ह उततर _ करिया का वह रप णजसस उसक होि या करि का समय जञात हो काल कहलाता ह जस _ म पढाी थी

म पढती हा म पढागी

Page 12 of 14

DAY 5 परशन 2 काल क तीिाोाा भडो क पररचय दीणजए उततर_ काल क तीि भद हाा ___ 1 भतकाल __ करिया क णजस रप स बीत समय म कायथ क होि का

बोध हो भतकाल कहलाता ह जस _ मि पसतक पढाी म जला दी सो गई थी 2 वतथमाि काल _ करिया क णजस रप स चल रहा समय म कायथ

क होि का बोध होता ह वतथमाि काल कहत हाा जस _ करकसाि खत जोत रहाा ह वषथाा हो रहाी होगी 3 भणवषयत काल __ करिया क णजस रप स आि वाला समय म

कायथ क होि का बोध होता ह भणवषयत काल कहत हाा जस __ मालती पाठ पढागी मझा कल घर जािा ह

Page 13 of 14

Page 14 of 14

Page 1 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmail infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

MATHEMATICS

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

TOPIC Decimals

DAY-1 TEACHING MATERIAL

Decimals- The numbers expressed in decimal forms are called decimals For eg 68

1673 etc is a decimal

Decimal places - The number of digits contained in the decimal part of a decimal

gives the number of decimal places

for eg 574 has two decimal places and 8536 has three decimal places

Like Decimals- Decimals having the same number of decimal places are called like

decimals For eg 673 805 1908 are like decimals each having two decimal places

Unlike Decimals - Decimals having different number of decimal places are called

unlike decimals For eg 63 864 10023 are unlike decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

Page 2 of 8

httpyoutubeBeZyGg8xVCE

DAY-2

TEACHING MATERIAL

Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction bull Write the given decimal without the decimal point as the numerator of the fraction

bull In the denominator write 1 followed by as many zeros as there are decimal places in the given decimal

bull Reduce the above fraction to the simplest form

Converting a fraction into a Decimal

bull Divide the numerator by the denominator till a non zero remainder is obtained

bull Put a decimal point in the dividend as well as in the quotient

bull Put a zero on the right of the decimal point in the dividend asas well as on the

right of the remainder

bull Divide again just as we do in whole numbers

bull Repeat steps 3 and 4 till the remainder is zero

Page 3 of 8

httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk

httpsyoutubedo_IbHId2Os

Related Questions-

bull Convert each of the following into a fraction in its simplest form-

a) 08 b) 006

bull Convert each of the following as a mixed fraction

a) 56 b)6004

bull Convert the following into like decimals-

65 1604 0274 1194

bull Arrange the following decimals into ascending order

a) 46 74 458 732 406 b) 05 55 505 005 555

bull Express 45 mm in cm m and km

DAY-3 TEACHING MATERIAL

Addition and Subtraction of Decimals

Method

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals

bull Write the addends one under the other in column form keeping points of all the addends in the same

column and the digits of the same place in the same column

bull Add as in the case of whole numbers

bull In the sum put the decimal point directly under decimal points in the addends

Page 4 of 8

Subtraction of Decimals

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals bull Write the smaller number under the larger one in column form in such a way that the

decimals points of both the numbers are in the same column and the digits of the same

place lie in the same column bull Subtract as we do Im case of whole numbers

Related Questions-

Add the following--

a) 16 87 095 68 and 777 b) 125 1447 56 and 2146

Subtract

a) 1479 from 7243 b) 6732 from 9001

Take out 5746 from 91

What is to be added to 6358 to get 92

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutube5sbXpfJQSN8

httpyoutubejoF4sYmuC88

PPT LINKS

httpsyoutube5udpHfBlGxs

DAY-4

bull Multiplication of decimals-

Multiplication of a Decimal by 10 100 1000 etc

Page 5 of 8

On multiplying by 10 100 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the right by one two three places and so

on

Multiplication of a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Multiply the decimal without the decimal point by a given whole number

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product to have as many places of decimal as in the given decimal

Multiplication of a Decimal by a Decimal

Step 1 Multiply the two decimals without the decimal point just like whole numbers

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product in such s way that the number of decimal places in the product

is equal to the sum of the decimal places in the given decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

httpyoutube3H9DYeR5Wmg

Related Questions

1 Multiply 0086 by 076

2 Find the product of 047 times 53 times 006

3 If the cost of a pen is ₹ 2850 Find the cost of 48 such pens

4 A taxi driver charges ₹ 980 per km How much will he charge for a journey of 1065 km

DAY-5 Division of decimals

Page 6 of 8

Dividing a Decimal by 10 1001000 etc

Rules i) On dividing a Decimal by 10 the decimal point is shifted to the left by one place

ii) On dividing a Decimal by 100 the decimal point is shifted to the left by two places

iii) On dividing a Decimal by 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the left by three places and so on

Dividing a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Perform the division by considering the dividend a whole number

Step 2 When the division of whole number part of the dividend is completeput the

decimal point in the quotient and proceed with the decision as in case of whole

numbers

Related Questions

Divide the following

a) 168 by 12 b) 0567 by 9

A bowler took 15 wickets for 321 runsWhat is his average score per wicket

A car covers a distance of 1089km in 18 hours What is the average speed of

the car

VIDEO-LINKS httpyoutubeHdU_rf7eMTI

Exercise

bull Solve the following

a) add ( 238 2367 68 and 006)

b) Subtract 13486 from 22

c) 08 times 89 times 26

Page 7 of 8

d) 111times 12times 012

e)1646divide 20

bull What should be added to 206 to get 31

bull What should be subtracted from 01 to get 04

bull The product of two decimals is 1824 If one of them is 064 find the other

bull How many pieces of plywood each 045 cm thick are required to make a pile 243m high

bull Each side of a polygon is 29 cm in length and its perimeter is 174cm How many sides does the

polygon have

bull Express in km using decimal

a) 65m b) 3km 5m

bull By how much should 3267 be increased to get 601

bull A tin of oil weighs 168kgWhat is the weight of 45 such tins

bull Divide

a) 1319 by 10

b) 008 by 10

c) 47 by 1000

d) 002 by 100

Mind Map

Page 8 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

SCIENCE

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

CHAPTER- 5 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

DAY-1

NCERT Book Links ndash

Topic- Need for Separation

httpsbyjuscomncert-books-class-6-science

Teaching Notes ndash

Introduction-

In nature we find that most substances are mixed with other substances forming mixtures The

substances or components in the mixture may be undesirable or even harmful to humans health

Often you might have seen your mother cleaning rice grains and pulses before cooking Cleaning

is done to remove stones insects and eggs etc from the items to be cooked Also these items

are washed with water to remove dust and other small particles which cannot be removed by

hand

In this chapter we will learn about the different methods used to separate substances from a

mixture and for cleaning of food

Pure Substances Many substances around us contain only one type of constituent particles

Elements and compounds are pure substances Some of the pure substances are iron copper

water salt etc

Impure Substances Substances containing more than one type of constituent particles are

called impure substances Some of the impure substances are pond water milk etc

Page 1 of 24

Impurities These are the unwanted particles present in a substance making it impure

Mixtures Substances which contain more than one component mixed in any ratio are called

mixtures For example air is a mixture of many gases like nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide

dust particles etc

Homogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which the particles of the substances present cannot

be seen are called homogeneous mixtures For example solution of sugar and water air cold

drinks etc

Heterogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which particles of the substances present can be

seen easily are called heterogeneous mixtures For example water in oil dust in air

Page 2 of 24

Need for Separation We carry out the separation of the components of a mixture or an

impure substance with the following purposes

bull To remove the un useful or harmful component

bull To obtain the useful component

bull To remove impurities for getting a pure sample

Principle of separation

bull The substances present in a mixture retain their original properties like particle size

density melting point boiling point volatility etc

bull We use the difference in any one of these properties in the components of a mixture to

separate them

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutube41YfP2Ly-ew

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is mixture

2 Differentiate between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

3 Why there is need of separation

DAY-2

Teaching Notes ndash

Methods of Separation

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 3 of 24

The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

Page 4 of 24

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 6 of 14

परशन 8 महमाि को णवदा करत समय सभाी भाइयो ि कया कहाा

उततर_ उस करदि आपि हमारा सणहजि का पड िही काटा मािाो

हमारी काणहलाी को काट कर फ क करदया था अगर आप हम सब पर तरस

खाकर दस पााच मि अिाज हमार घर भज दत तो हम और भी िीचा णगर

जात पर बजकरदल बि जात आपि हमार बगीच का पड णगरकर हमारी

णगराी हई करकसमत को ही ऊा चा उडा करदयाह दणिया म बाधा होता ऐस

होाा

आशय सपषट करााा __

1 करकतिाा अचछा परणतणषठत खािदाि ह झठाी और बिावटी इजजत क

खयाल स य िौजवाि लडक खाि पीि की तकलीफ बदाथसत कर रहा हाा

उततर _ परसतत पाणि हमार पाठय पसतक परााग क शीषथक णिषठर अिका पा

स ली गई हइस कहािी क माधयम स लखक ि खािदाि की परणतषठा को

सबस ऊपर करदखात हए यह बताि का परयास करकया ह करक कल की मयाथदा ि

णमट जाए चाह हणममत जाएा याणि चाराोाा भाई अपि खािदाि की

खाणतर कोई काम धाधा िही करकया

2 उसका कठोर करा म क पीछ उसक करदल की िकिीयताी थी कोई

खराब इरादा िही

उततर _ परसाग _ यथावत रहाााग

वयाखा या _ उपयथि पाणि क आधार पर लखकि यहबतााि का

परयास करकया ह करक पररवार की णबगडती णसथणत को जब ररशतदार भााप

जाता ह तो उसकी मदद करि की बजााय उिक एकमातर सहार सहजि क

Page 7 of 14

पड को जड स काट दता हइस परकार व अपिी भरण पोषण करि हत काम

धाध म भी लग जात हाा अतः इिकी णसथणत म सधाार आि लगत हाा और

व लोग करफर स अपि परािी णसथणत म वापस आि लगत हाा

DAY-3

पाठ 10 करिया (क)

1 करिया करकसा कहत हाा

Page 8 of 14

उततर _ ऐस शबद णजिस करकसाी काम क करि या होि का पता चलता ह

उनह करिया कहत हाा

उदाहरण_ मायाा पसतक पढ रहाी हाा__ इस वाकय म( पढ रहाी ह )

करिया ह

2 धात करकसा कहत हाा उदाहरण दकर समझाइए

उततर _ करिया क मल रप को धात कहत हाा

जस __ पढिा करिया म पढ धात ह

णलखिा __ णलख

खािा ___ खा आकरद

3 ललाग और वचि क आधार पर करिया म करकस परकार का पररवतथि

आता ह

उततर _ 1 ललाग का परभााव _ वाकय म करिया का रप करता क अिसार

पररवरतथत होता ह

जस _ रणव गीत गा रहाा ह

भाविा गीत गा रहाी ह

2 वचि का परभााव _ वाकय म करिया का रप करता क वचि क

अिसार पररवरतथत होता ह

जस __ बचचाा खल रहाा ह

बचचा खल रहा हाा

4 करा म क आधार पर करिया क भदो की जािकारी उदाहरण क साथ

समझााओ

उततर _ करा म क आधार पर करिया क दो भद हाा __

Page 9 of 14

1 अकमथक करिया _ ऐसी करियाएा णजिका फल करा म पर पडता ह

अकामथक करिया कहलाती हाा

जस __ बचचाा खल रहाा ह

भाविा रो रही ह पहचाि _ करिया क साथ कया लगाकर परशन

पछि पर कोई उततर परापत िही होता ह

2 साकमथक करिया __ ऐसी करियाएा णजिा ह करा म की अपकषा

रहती ह सकमथक करिया कहलाती हाा

जस _ आशा गीत सि रहाी ह

माली पौधाा लगाा रहाा ह

पहचाि __ करिया क साथ कया लगाा कर परशन पछि पर उततर परापत होता

सकमथक करिया क भी दो भद होत हाा___

एककरा मक करिया __ वह पसतक पढ रहाा ह

धोबाी कपड धो रहाा ह

णदवकमथक करिया_ णपता ि पतर को पसतक लाकर दी

मि अणतणथयो को चाय णपलाई

Page 10 of 14

Page 11 of 14

DAY-4 पाठ11 काल परशन 1 काल करकसा कहत ह उततर _ करिया का वह रप णजसस उसक होि या करि का समय जञात हो काल कहलाता ह जस _ म पढाी थी

म पढती हा म पढागी

Page 12 of 14

DAY 5 परशन 2 काल क तीिाोाा भडो क पररचय दीणजए उततर_ काल क तीि भद हाा ___ 1 भतकाल __ करिया क णजस रप स बीत समय म कायथ क होि का

बोध हो भतकाल कहलाता ह जस _ मि पसतक पढाी म जला दी सो गई थी 2 वतथमाि काल _ करिया क णजस रप स चल रहा समय म कायथ

क होि का बोध होता ह वतथमाि काल कहत हाा जस _ करकसाि खत जोत रहाा ह वषथाा हो रहाी होगी 3 भणवषयत काल __ करिया क णजस रप स आि वाला समय म

कायथ क होि का बोध होता ह भणवषयत काल कहत हाा जस __ मालती पाठ पढागी मझा कल घर जािा ह

Page 13 of 14

Page 14 of 14

Page 1 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmail infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

MATHEMATICS

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

TOPIC Decimals

DAY-1 TEACHING MATERIAL

Decimals- The numbers expressed in decimal forms are called decimals For eg 68

1673 etc is a decimal

Decimal places - The number of digits contained in the decimal part of a decimal

gives the number of decimal places

for eg 574 has two decimal places and 8536 has three decimal places

Like Decimals- Decimals having the same number of decimal places are called like

decimals For eg 673 805 1908 are like decimals each having two decimal places

Unlike Decimals - Decimals having different number of decimal places are called

unlike decimals For eg 63 864 10023 are unlike decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

Page 2 of 8

httpyoutubeBeZyGg8xVCE

DAY-2

TEACHING MATERIAL

Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction bull Write the given decimal without the decimal point as the numerator of the fraction

bull In the denominator write 1 followed by as many zeros as there are decimal places in the given decimal

bull Reduce the above fraction to the simplest form

Converting a fraction into a Decimal

bull Divide the numerator by the denominator till a non zero remainder is obtained

bull Put a decimal point in the dividend as well as in the quotient

bull Put a zero on the right of the decimal point in the dividend asas well as on the

right of the remainder

bull Divide again just as we do in whole numbers

bull Repeat steps 3 and 4 till the remainder is zero

Page 3 of 8

httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk

httpsyoutubedo_IbHId2Os

Related Questions-

bull Convert each of the following into a fraction in its simplest form-

a) 08 b) 006

bull Convert each of the following as a mixed fraction

a) 56 b)6004

bull Convert the following into like decimals-

65 1604 0274 1194

bull Arrange the following decimals into ascending order

a) 46 74 458 732 406 b) 05 55 505 005 555

bull Express 45 mm in cm m and km

DAY-3 TEACHING MATERIAL

Addition and Subtraction of Decimals

Method

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals

bull Write the addends one under the other in column form keeping points of all the addends in the same

column and the digits of the same place in the same column

bull Add as in the case of whole numbers

bull In the sum put the decimal point directly under decimal points in the addends

Page 4 of 8

Subtraction of Decimals

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals bull Write the smaller number under the larger one in column form in such a way that the

decimals points of both the numbers are in the same column and the digits of the same

place lie in the same column bull Subtract as we do Im case of whole numbers

Related Questions-

Add the following--

a) 16 87 095 68 and 777 b) 125 1447 56 and 2146

Subtract

a) 1479 from 7243 b) 6732 from 9001

Take out 5746 from 91

What is to be added to 6358 to get 92

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutube5sbXpfJQSN8

httpyoutubejoF4sYmuC88

PPT LINKS

httpsyoutube5udpHfBlGxs

DAY-4

bull Multiplication of decimals-

Multiplication of a Decimal by 10 100 1000 etc

Page 5 of 8

On multiplying by 10 100 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the right by one two three places and so

on

Multiplication of a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Multiply the decimal without the decimal point by a given whole number

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product to have as many places of decimal as in the given decimal

Multiplication of a Decimal by a Decimal

Step 1 Multiply the two decimals without the decimal point just like whole numbers

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product in such s way that the number of decimal places in the product

is equal to the sum of the decimal places in the given decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

httpyoutube3H9DYeR5Wmg

Related Questions

1 Multiply 0086 by 076

2 Find the product of 047 times 53 times 006

3 If the cost of a pen is ₹ 2850 Find the cost of 48 such pens

4 A taxi driver charges ₹ 980 per km How much will he charge for a journey of 1065 km

DAY-5 Division of decimals

Page 6 of 8

Dividing a Decimal by 10 1001000 etc

Rules i) On dividing a Decimal by 10 the decimal point is shifted to the left by one place

ii) On dividing a Decimal by 100 the decimal point is shifted to the left by two places

iii) On dividing a Decimal by 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the left by three places and so on

Dividing a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Perform the division by considering the dividend a whole number

Step 2 When the division of whole number part of the dividend is completeput the

decimal point in the quotient and proceed with the decision as in case of whole

numbers

Related Questions

Divide the following

a) 168 by 12 b) 0567 by 9

A bowler took 15 wickets for 321 runsWhat is his average score per wicket

A car covers a distance of 1089km in 18 hours What is the average speed of

the car

VIDEO-LINKS httpyoutubeHdU_rf7eMTI

Exercise

bull Solve the following

a) add ( 238 2367 68 and 006)

b) Subtract 13486 from 22

c) 08 times 89 times 26

Page 7 of 8

d) 111times 12times 012

e)1646divide 20

bull What should be added to 206 to get 31

bull What should be subtracted from 01 to get 04

bull The product of two decimals is 1824 If one of them is 064 find the other

bull How many pieces of plywood each 045 cm thick are required to make a pile 243m high

bull Each side of a polygon is 29 cm in length and its perimeter is 174cm How many sides does the

polygon have

bull Express in km using decimal

a) 65m b) 3km 5m

bull By how much should 3267 be increased to get 601

bull A tin of oil weighs 168kgWhat is the weight of 45 such tins

bull Divide

a) 1319 by 10

b) 008 by 10

c) 47 by 1000

d) 002 by 100

Mind Map

Page 8 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

SCIENCE

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

CHAPTER- 5 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

DAY-1

NCERT Book Links ndash

Topic- Need for Separation

httpsbyjuscomncert-books-class-6-science

Teaching Notes ndash

Introduction-

In nature we find that most substances are mixed with other substances forming mixtures The

substances or components in the mixture may be undesirable or even harmful to humans health

Often you might have seen your mother cleaning rice grains and pulses before cooking Cleaning

is done to remove stones insects and eggs etc from the items to be cooked Also these items

are washed with water to remove dust and other small particles which cannot be removed by

hand

In this chapter we will learn about the different methods used to separate substances from a

mixture and for cleaning of food

Pure Substances Many substances around us contain only one type of constituent particles

Elements and compounds are pure substances Some of the pure substances are iron copper

water salt etc

Impure Substances Substances containing more than one type of constituent particles are

called impure substances Some of the impure substances are pond water milk etc

Page 1 of 24

Impurities These are the unwanted particles present in a substance making it impure

Mixtures Substances which contain more than one component mixed in any ratio are called

mixtures For example air is a mixture of many gases like nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide

dust particles etc

Homogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which the particles of the substances present cannot

be seen are called homogeneous mixtures For example solution of sugar and water air cold

drinks etc

Heterogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which particles of the substances present can be

seen easily are called heterogeneous mixtures For example water in oil dust in air

Page 2 of 24

Need for Separation We carry out the separation of the components of a mixture or an

impure substance with the following purposes

bull To remove the un useful or harmful component

bull To obtain the useful component

bull To remove impurities for getting a pure sample

Principle of separation

bull The substances present in a mixture retain their original properties like particle size

density melting point boiling point volatility etc

bull We use the difference in any one of these properties in the components of a mixture to

separate them

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutube41YfP2Ly-ew

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is mixture

2 Differentiate between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

3 Why there is need of separation

DAY-2

Teaching Notes ndash

Methods of Separation

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 3 of 24

The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

Page 4 of 24

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 7 of 14

पड को जड स काट दता हइस परकार व अपिी भरण पोषण करि हत काम

धाध म भी लग जात हाा अतः इिकी णसथणत म सधाार आि लगत हाा और

व लोग करफर स अपि परािी णसथणत म वापस आि लगत हाा

DAY-3

पाठ 10 करिया (क)

1 करिया करकसा कहत हाा

Page 8 of 14

उततर _ ऐस शबद णजिस करकसाी काम क करि या होि का पता चलता ह

उनह करिया कहत हाा

उदाहरण_ मायाा पसतक पढ रहाी हाा__ इस वाकय म( पढ रहाी ह )

करिया ह

2 धात करकसा कहत हाा उदाहरण दकर समझाइए

उततर _ करिया क मल रप को धात कहत हाा

जस __ पढिा करिया म पढ धात ह

णलखिा __ णलख

खािा ___ खा आकरद

3 ललाग और वचि क आधार पर करिया म करकस परकार का पररवतथि

आता ह

उततर _ 1 ललाग का परभााव _ वाकय म करिया का रप करता क अिसार

पररवरतथत होता ह

जस _ रणव गीत गा रहाा ह

भाविा गीत गा रहाी ह

2 वचि का परभााव _ वाकय म करिया का रप करता क वचि क

अिसार पररवरतथत होता ह

जस __ बचचाा खल रहाा ह

बचचा खल रहा हाा

4 करा म क आधार पर करिया क भदो की जािकारी उदाहरण क साथ

समझााओ

उततर _ करा म क आधार पर करिया क दो भद हाा __

Page 9 of 14

1 अकमथक करिया _ ऐसी करियाएा णजिका फल करा म पर पडता ह

अकामथक करिया कहलाती हाा

जस __ बचचाा खल रहाा ह

भाविा रो रही ह पहचाि _ करिया क साथ कया लगाकर परशन

पछि पर कोई उततर परापत िही होता ह

2 साकमथक करिया __ ऐसी करियाएा णजिा ह करा म की अपकषा

रहती ह सकमथक करिया कहलाती हाा

जस _ आशा गीत सि रहाी ह

माली पौधाा लगाा रहाा ह

पहचाि __ करिया क साथ कया लगाा कर परशन पछि पर उततर परापत होता

सकमथक करिया क भी दो भद होत हाा___

एककरा मक करिया __ वह पसतक पढ रहाा ह

धोबाी कपड धो रहाा ह

णदवकमथक करिया_ णपता ि पतर को पसतक लाकर दी

मि अणतणथयो को चाय णपलाई

Page 10 of 14

Page 11 of 14

DAY-4 पाठ11 काल परशन 1 काल करकसा कहत ह उततर _ करिया का वह रप णजसस उसक होि या करि का समय जञात हो काल कहलाता ह जस _ म पढाी थी

म पढती हा म पढागी

Page 12 of 14

DAY 5 परशन 2 काल क तीिाोाा भडो क पररचय दीणजए उततर_ काल क तीि भद हाा ___ 1 भतकाल __ करिया क णजस रप स बीत समय म कायथ क होि का

बोध हो भतकाल कहलाता ह जस _ मि पसतक पढाी म जला दी सो गई थी 2 वतथमाि काल _ करिया क णजस रप स चल रहा समय म कायथ

क होि का बोध होता ह वतथमाि काल कहत हाा जस _ करकसाि खत जोत रहाा ह वषथाा हो रहाी होगी 3 भणवषयत काल __ करिया क णजस रप स आि वाला समय म

कायथ क होि का बोध होता ह भणवषयत काल कहत हाा जस __ मालती पाठ पढागी मझा कल घर जािा ह

Page 13 of 14

Page 14 of 14

Page 1 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmail infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

MATHEMATICS

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

TOPIC Decimals

DAY-1 TEACHING MATERIAL

Decimals- The numbers expressed in decimal forms are called decimals For eg 68

1673 etc is a decimal

Decimal places - The number of digits contained in the decimal part of a decimal

gives the number of decimal places

for eg 574 has two decimal places and 8536 has three decimal places

Like Decimals- Decimals having the same number of decimal places are called like

decimals For eg 673 805 1908 are like decimals each having two decimal places

Unlike Decimals - Decimals having different number of decimal places are called

unlike decimals For eg 63 864 10023 are unlike decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

Page 2 of 8

httpyoutubeBeZyGg8xVCE

DAY-2

TEACHING MATERIAL

Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction bull Write the given decimal without the decimal point as the numerator of the fraction

bull In the denominator write 1 followed by as many zeros as there are decimal places in the given decimal

bull Reduce the above fraction to the simplest form

Converting a fraction into a Decimal

bull Divide the numerator by the denominator till a non zero remainder is obtained

bull Put a decimal point in the dividend as well as in the quotient

bull Put a zero on the right of the decimal point in the dividend asas well as on the

right of the remainder

bull Divide again just as we do in whole numbers

bull Repeat steps 3 and 4 till the remainder is zero

Page 3 of 8

httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk

httpsyoutubedo_IbHId2Os

Related Questions-

bull Convert each of the following into a fraction in its simplest form-

a) 08 b) 006

bull Convert each of the following as a mixed fraction

a) 56 b)6004

bull Convert the following into like decimals-

65 1604 0274 1194

bull Arrange the following decimals into ascending order

a) 46 74 458 732 406 b) 05 55 505 005 555

bull Express 45 mm in cm m and km

DAY-3 TEACHING MATERIAL

Addition and Subtraction of Decimals

Method

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals

bull Write the addends one under the other in column form keeping points of all the addends in the same

column and the digits of the same place in the same column

bull Add as in the case of whole numbers

bull In the sum put the decimal point directly under decimal points in the addends

Page 4 of 8

Subtraction of Decimals

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals bull Write the smaller number under the larger one in column form in such a way that the

decimals points of both the numbers are in the same column and the digits of the same

place lie in the same column bull Subtract as we do Im case of whole numbers

Related Questions-

Add the following--

a) 16 87 095 68 and 777 b) 125 1447 56 and 2146

Subtract

a) 1479 from 7243 b) 6732 from 9001

Take out 5746 from 91

What is to be added to 6358 to get 92

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutube5sbXpfJQSN8

httpyoutubejoF4sYmuC88

PPT LINKS

httpsyoutube5udpHfBlGxs

DAY-4

bull Multiplication of decimals-

Multiplication of a Decimal by 10 100 1000 etc

Page 5 of 8

On multiplying by 10 100 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the right by one two three places and so

on

Multiplication of a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Multiply the decimal without the decimal point by a given whole number

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product to have as many places of decimal as in the given decimal

Multiplication of a Decimal by a Decimal

Step 1 Multiply the two decimals without the decimal point just like whole numbers

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product in such s way that the number of decimal places in the product

is equal to the sum of the decimal places in the given decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

httpyoutube3H9DYeR5Wmg

Related Questions

1 Multiply 0086 by 076

2 Find the product of 047 times 53 times 006

3 If the cost of a pen is ₹ 2850 Find the cost of 48 such pens

4 A taxi driver charges ₹ 980 per km How much will he charge for a journey of 1065 km

DAY-5 Division of decimals

Page 6 of 8

Dividing a Decimal by 10 1001000 etc

Rules i) On dividing a Decimal by 10 the decimal point is shifted to the left by one place

ii) On dividing a Decimal by 100 the decimal point is shifted to the left by two places

iii) On dividing a Decimal by 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the left by three places and so on

Dividing a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Perform the division by considering the dividend a whole number

Step 2 When the division of whole number part of the dividend is completeput the

decimal point in the quotient and proceed with the decision as in case of whole

numbers

Related Questions

Divide the following

a) 168 by 12 b) 0567 by 9

A bowler took 15 wickets for 321 runsWhat is his average score per wicket

A car covers a distance of 1089km in 18 hours What is the average speed of

the car

VIDEO-LINKS httpyoutubeHdU_rf7eMTI

Exercise

bull Solve the following

a) add ( 238 2367 68 and 006)

b) Subtract 13486 from 22

c) 08 times 89 times 26

Page 7 of 8

d) 111times 12times 012

e)1646divide 20

bull What should be added to 206 to get 31

bull What should be subtracted from 01 to get 04

bull The product of two decimals is 1824 If one of them is 064 find the other

bull How many pieces of plywood each 045 cm thick are required to make a pile 243m high

bull Each side of a polygon is 29 cm in length and its perimeter is 174cm How many sides does the

polygon have

bull Express in km using decimal

a) 65m b) 3km 5m

bull By how much should 3267 be increased to get 601

bull A tin of oil weighs 168kgWhat is the weight of 45 such tins

bull Divide

a) 1319 by 10

b) 008 by 10

c) 47 by 1000

d) 002 by 100

Mind Map

Page 8 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

SCIENCE

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

CHAPTER- 5 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

DAY-1

NCERT Book Links ndash

Topic- Need for Separation

httpsbyjuscomncert-books-class-6-science

Teaching Notes ndash

Introduction-

In nature we find that most substances are mixed with other substances forming mixtures The

substances or components in the mixture may be undesirable or even harmful to humans health

Often you might have seen your mother cleaning rice grains and pulses before cooking Cleaning

is done to remove stones insects and eggs etc from the items to be cooked Also these items

are washed with water to remove dust and other small particles which cannot be removed by

hand

In this chapter we will learn about the different methods used to separate substances from a

mixture and for cleaning of food

Pure Substances Many substances around us contain only one type of constituent particles

Elements and compounds are pure substances Some of the pure substances are iron copper

water salt etc

Impure Substances Substances containing more than one type of constituent particles are

called impure substances Some of the impure substances are pond water milk etc

Page 1 of 24

Impurities These are the unwanted particles present in a substance making it impure

Mixtures Substances which contain more than one component mixed in any ratio are called

mixtures For example air is a mixture of many gases like nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide

dust particles etc

Homogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which the particles of the substances present cannot

be seen are called homogeneous mixtures For example solution of sugar and water air cold

drinks etc

Heterogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which particles of the substances present can be

seen easily are called heterogeneous mixtures For example water in oil dust in air

Page 2 of 24

Need for Separation We carry out the separation of the components of a mixture or an

impure substance with the following purposes

bull To remove the un useful or harmful component

bull To obtain the useful component

bull To remove impurities for getting a pure sample

Principle of separation

bull The substances present in a mixture retain their original properties like particle size

density melting point boiling point volatility etc

bull We use the difference in any one of these properties in the components of a mixture to

separate them

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutube41YfP2Ly-ew

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is mixture

2 Differentiate between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

3 Why there is need of separation

DAY-2

Teaching Notes ndash

Methods of Separation

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 3 of 24

The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

Page 4 of 24

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 8 of 14

उततर _ ऐस शबद णजिस करकसाी काम क करि या होि का पता चलता ह

उनह करिया कहत हाा

उदाहरण_ मायाा पसतक पढ रहाी हाा__ इस वाकय म( पढ रहाी ह )

करिया ह

2 धात करकसा कहत हाा उदाहरण दकर समझाइए

उततर _ करिया क मल रप को धात कहत हाा

जस __ पढिा करिया म पढ धात ह

णलखिा __ णलख

खािा ___ खा आकरद

3 ललाग और वचि क आधार पर करिया म करकस परकार का पररवतथि

आता ह

उततर _ 1 ललाग का परभााव _ वाकय म करिया का रप करता क अिसार

पररवरतथत होता ह

जस _ रणव गीत गा रहाा ह

भाविा गीत गा रहाी ह

2 वचि का परभााव _ वाकय म करिया का रप करता क वचि क

अिसार पररवरतथत होता ह

जस __ बचचाा खल रहाा ह

बचचा खल रहा हाा

4 करा म क आधार पर करिया क भदो की जािकारी उदाहरण क साथ

समझााओ

उततर _ करा म क आधार पर करिया क दो भद हाा __

Page 9 of 14

1 अकमथक करिया _ ऐसी करियाएा णजिका फल करा म पर पडता ह

अकामथक करिया कहलाती हाा

जस __ बचचाा खल रहाा ह

भाविा रो रही ह पहचाि _ करिया क साथ कया लगाकर परशन

पछि पर कोई उततर परापत िही होता ह

2 साकमथक करिया __ ऐसी करियाएा णजिा ह करा म की अपकषा

रहती ह सकमथक करिया कहलाती हाा

जस _ आशा गीत सि रहाी ह

माली पौधाा लगाा रहाा ह

पहचाि __ करिया क साथ कया लगाा कर परशन पछि पर उततर परापत होता

सकमथक करिया क भी दो भद होत हाा___

एककरा मक करिया __ वह पसतक पढ रहाा ह

धोबाी कपड धो रहाा ह

णदवकमथक करिया_ णपता ि पतर को पसतक लाकर दी

मि अणतणथयो को चाय णपलाई

Page 10 of 14

Page 11 of 14

DAY-4 पाठ11 काल परशन 1 काल करकसा कहत ह उततर _ करिया का वह रप णजसस उसक होि या करि का समय जञात हो काल कहलाता ह जस _ म पढाी थी

म पढती हा म पढागी

Page 12 of 14

DAY 5 परशन 2 काल क तीिाोाा भडो क पररचय दीणजए उततर_ काल क तीि भद हाा ___ 1 भतकाल __ करिया क णजस रप स बीत समय म कायथ क होि का

बोध हो भतकाल कहलाता ह जस _ मि पसतक पढाी म जला दी सो गई थी 2 वतथमाि काल _ करिया क णजस रप स चल रहा समय म कायथ

क होि का बोध होता ह वतथमाि काल कहत हाा जस _ करकसाि खत जोत रहाा ह वषथाा हो रहाी होगी 3 भणवषयत काल __ करिया क णजस रप स आि वाला समय म

कायथ क होि का बोध होता ह भणवषयत काल कहत हाा जस __ मालती पाठ पढागी मझा कल घर जािा ह

Page 13 of 14

Page 14 of 14

Page 1 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmail infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

MATHEMATICS

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

TOPIC Decimals

DAY-1 TEACHING MATERIAL

Decimals- The numbers expressed in decimal forms are called decimals For eg 68

1673 etc is a decimal

Decimal places - The number of digits contained in the decimal part of a decimal

gives the number of decimal places

for eg 574 has two decimal places and 8536 has three decimal places

Like Decimals- Decimals having the same number of decimal places are called like

decimals For eg 673 805 1908 are like decimals each having two decimal places

Unlike Decimals - Decimals having different number of decimal places are called

unlike decimals For eg 63 864 10023 are unlike decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

Page 2 of 8

httpyoutubeBeZyGg8xVCE

DAY-2

TEACHING MATERIAL

Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction bull Write the given decimal without the decimal point as the numerator of the fraction

bull In the denominator write 1 followed by as many zeros as there are decimal places in the given decimal

bull Reduce the above fraction to the simplest form

Converting a fraction into a Decimal

bull Divide the numerator by the denominator till a non zero remainder is obtained

bull Put a decimal point in the dividend as well as in the quotient

bull Put a zero on the right of the decimal point in the dividend asas well as on the

right of the remainder

bull Divide again just as we do in whole numbers

bull Repeat steps 3 and 4 till the remainder is zero

Page 3 of 8

httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk

httpsyoutubedo_IbHId2Os

Related Questions-

bull Convert each of the following into a fraction in its simplest form-

a) 08 b) 006

bull Convert each of the following as a mixed fraction

a) 56 b)6004

bull Convert the following into like decimals-

65 1604 0274 1194

bull Arrange the following decimals into ascending order

a) 46 74 458 732 406 b) 05 55 505 005 555

bull Express 45 mm in cm m and km

DAY-3 TEACHING MATERIAL

Addition and Subtraction of Decimals

Method

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals

bull Write the addends one under the other in column form keeping points of all the addends in the same

column and the digits of the same place in the same column

bull Add as in the case of whole numbers

bull In the sum put the decimal point directly under decimal points in the addends

Page 4 of 8

Subtraction of Decimals

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals bull Write the smaller number under the larger one in column form in such a way that the

decimals points of both the numbers are in the same column and the digits of the same

place lie in the same column bull Subtract as we do Im case of whole numbers

Related Questions-

Add the following--

a) 16 87 095 68 and 777 b) 125 1447 56 and 2146

Subtract

a) 1479 from 7243 b) 6732 from 9001

Take out 5746 from 91

What is to be added to 6358 to get 92

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutube5sbXpfJQSN8

httpyoutubejoF4sYmuC88

PPT LINKS

httpsyoutube5udpHfBlGxs

DAY-4

bull Multiplication of decimals-

Multiplication of a Decimal by 10 100 1000 etc

Page 5 of 8

On multiplying by 10 100 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the right by one two three places and so

on

Multiplication of a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Multiply the decimal without the decimal point by a given whole number

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product to have as many places of decimal as in the given decimal

Multiplication of a Decimal by a Decimal

Step 1 Multiply the two decimals without the decimal point just like whole numbers

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product in such s way that the number of decimal places in the product

is equal to the sum of the decimal places in the given decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

httpyoutube3H9DYeR5Wmg

Related Questions

1 Multiply 0086 by 076

2 Find the product of 047 times 53 times 006

3 If the cost of a pen is ₹ 2850 Find the cost of 48 such pens

4 A taxi driver charges ₹ 980 per km How much will he charge for a journey of 1065 km

DAY-5 Division of decimals

Page 6 of 8

Dividing a Decimal by 10 1001000 etc

Rules i) On dividing a Decimal by 10 the decimal point is shifted to the left by one place

ii) On dividing a Decimal by 100 the decimal point is shifted to the left by two places

iii) On dividing a Decimal by 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the left by three places and so on

Dividing a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Perform the division by considering the dividend a whole number

Step 2 When the division of whole number part of the dividend is completeput the

decimal point in the quotient and proceed with the decision as in case of whole

numbers

Related Questions

Divide the following

a) 168 by 12 b) 0567 by 9

A bowler took 15 wickets for 321 runsWhat is his average score per wicket

A car covers a distance of 1089km in 18 hours What is the average speed of

the car

VIDEO-LINKS httpyoutubeHdU_rf7eMTI

Exercise

bull Solve the following

a) add ( 238 2367 68 and 006)

b) Subtract 13486 from 22

c) 08 times 89 times 26

Page 7 of 8

d) 111times 12times 012

e)1646divide 20

bull What should be added to 206 to get 31

bull What should be subtracted from 01 to get 04

bull The product of two decimals is 1824 If one of them is 064 find the other

bull How many pieces of plywood each 045 cm thick are required to make a pile 243m high

bull Each side of a polygon is 29 cm in length and its perimeter is 174cm How many sides does the

polygon have

bull Express in km using decimal

a) 65m b) 3km 5m

bull By how much should 3267 be increased to get 601

bull A tin of oil weighs 168kgWhat is the weight of 45 such tins

bull Divide

a) 1319 by 10

b) 008 by 10

c) 47 by 1000

d) 002 by 100

Mind Map

Page 8 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

SCIENCE

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

CHAPTER- 5 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

DAY-1

NCERT Book Links ndash

Topic- Need for Separation

httpsbyjuscomncert-books-class-6-science

Teaching Notes ndash

Introduction-

In nature we find that most substances are mixed with other substances forming mixtures The

substances or components in the mixture may be undesirable or even harmful to humans health

Often you might have seen your mother cleaning rice grains and pulses before cooking Cleaning

is done to remove stones insects and eggs etc from the items to be cooked Also these items

are washed with water to remove dust and other small particles which cannot be removed by

hand

In this chapter we will learn about the different methods used to separate substances from a

mixture and for cleaning of food

Pure Substances Many substances around us contain only one type of constituent particles

Elements and compounds are pure substances Some of the pure substances are iron copper

water salt etc

Impure Substances Substances containing more than one type of constituent particles are

called impure substances Some of the impure substances are pond water milk etc

Page 1 of 24

Impurities These are the unwanted particles present in a substance making it impure

Mixtures Substances which contain more than one component mixed in any ratio are called

mixtures For example air is a mixture of many gases like nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide

dust particles etc

Homogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which the particles of the substances present cannot

be seen are called homogeneous mixtures For example solution of sugar and water air cold

drinks etc

Heterogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which particles of the substances present can be

seen easily are called heterogeneous mixtures For example water in oil dust in air

Page 2 of 24

Need for Separation We carry out the separation of the components of a mixture or an

impure substance with the following purposes

bull To remove the un useful or harmful component

bull To obtain the useful component

bull To remove impurities for getting a pure sample

Principle of separation

bull The substances present in a mixture retain their original properties like particle size

density melting point boiling point volatility etc

bull We use the difference in any one of these properties in the components of a mixture to

separate them

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutube41YfP2Ly-ew

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is mixture

2 Differentiate between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

3 Why there is need of separation

DAY-2

Teaching Notes ndash

Methods of Separation

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 3 of 24

The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

Page 4 of 24

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 9 of 14

1 अकमथक करिया _ ऐसी करियाएा णजिका फल करा म पर पडता ह

अकामथक करिया कहलाती हाा

जस __ बचचाा खल रहाा ह

भाविा रो रही ह पहचाि _ करिया क साथ कया लगाकर परशन

पछि पर कोई उततर परापत िही होता ह

2 साकमथक करिया __ ऐसी करियाएा णजिा ह करा म की अपकषा

रहती ह सकमथक करिया कहलाती हाा

जस _ आशा गीत सि रहाी ह

माली पौधाा लगाा रहाा ह

पहचाि __ करिया क साथ कया लगाा कर परशन पछि पर उततर परापत होता

सकमथक करिया क भी दो भद होत हाा___

एककरा मक करिया __ वह पसतक पढ रहाा ह

धोबाी कपड धो रहाा ह

णदवकमथक करिया_ णपता ि पतर को पसतक लाकर दी

मि अणतणथयो को चाय णपलाई

Page 10 of 14

Page 11 of 14

DAY-4 पाठ11 काल परशन 1 काल करकसा कहत ह उततर _ करिया का वह रप णजसस उसक होि या करि का समय जञात हो काल कहलाता ह जस _ म पढाी थी

म पढती हा म पढागी

Page 12 of 14

DAY 5 परशन 2 काल क तीिाोाा भडो क पररचय दीणजए उततर_ काल क तीि भद हाा ___ 1 भतकाल __ करिया क णजस रप स बीत समय म कायथ क होि का

बोध हो भतकाल कहलाता ह जस _ मि पसतक पढाी म जला दी सो गई थी 2 वतथमाि काल _ करिया क णजस रप स चल रहा समय म कायथ

क होि का बोध होता ह वतथमाि काल कहत हाा जस _ करकसाि खत जोत रहाा ह वषथाा हो रहाी होगी 3 भणवषयत काल __ करिया क णजस रप स आि वाला समय म

कायथ क होि का बोध होता ह भणवषयत काल कहत हाा जस __ मालती पाठ पढागी मझा कल घर जािा ह

Page 13 of 14

Page 14 of 14

Page 1 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmail infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

MATHEMATICS

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

TOPIC Decimals

DAY-1 TEACHING MATERIAL

Decimals- The numbers expressed in decimal forms are called decimals For eg 68

1673 etc is a decimal

Decimal places - The number of digits contained in the decimal part of a decimal

gives the number of decimal places

for eg 574 has two decimal places and 8536 has three decimal places

Like Decimals- Decimals having the same number of decimal places are called like

decimals For eg 673 805 1908 are like decimals each having two decimal places

Unlike Decimals - Decimals having different number of decimal places are called

unlike decimals For eg 63 864 10023 are unlike decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

Page 2 of 8

httpyoutubeBeZyGg8xVCE

DAY-2

TEACHING MATERIAL

Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction bull Write the given decimal without the decimal point as the numerator of the fraction

bull In the denominator write 1 followed by as many zeros as there are decimal places in the given decimal

bull Reduce the above fraction to the simplest form

Converting a fraction into a Decimal

bull Divide the numerator by the denominator till a non zero remainder is obtained

bull Put a decimal point in the dividend as well as in the quotient

bull Put a zero on the right of the decimal point in the dividend asas well as on the

right of the remainder

bull Divide again just as we do in whole numbers

bull Repeat steps 3 and 4 till the remainder is zero

Page 3 of 8

httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk

httpsyoutubedo_IbHId2Os

Related Questions-

bull Convert each of the following into a fraction in its simplest form-

a) 08 b) 006

bull Convert each of the following as a mixed fraction

a) 56 b)6004

bull Convert the following into like decimals-

65 1604 0274 1194

bull Arrange the following decimals into ascending order

a) 46 74 458 732 406 b) 05 55 505 005 555

bull Express 45 mm in cm m and km

DAY-3 TEACHING MATERIAL

Addition and Subtraction of Decimals

Method

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals

bull Write the addends one under the other in column form keeping points of all the addends in the same

column and the digits of the same place in the same column

bull Add as in the case of whole numbers

bull In the sum put the decimal point directly under decimal points in the addends

Page 4 of 8

Subtraction of Decimals

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals bull Write the smaller number under the larger one in column form in such a way that the

decimals points of both the numbers are in the same column and the digits of the same

place lie in the same column bull Subtract as we do Im case of whole numbers

Related Questions-

Add the following--

a) 16 87 095 68 and 777 b) 125 1447 56 and 2146

Subtract

a) 1479 from 7243 b) 6732 from 9001

Take out 5746 from 91

What is to be added to 6358 to get 92

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutube5sbXpfJQSN8

httpyoutubejoF4sYmuC88

PPT LINKS

httpsyoutube5udpHfBlGxs

DAY-4

bull Multiplication of decimals-

Multiplication of a Decimal by 10 100 1000 etc

Page 5 of 8

On multiplying by 10 100 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the right by one two three places and so

on

Multiplication of a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Multiply the decimal without the decimal point by a given whole number

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product to have as many places of decimal as in the given decimal

Multiplication of a Decimal by a Decimal

Step 1 Multiply the two decimals without the decimal point just like whole numbers

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product in such s way that the number of decimal places in the product

is equal to the sum of the decimal places in the given decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

httpyoutube3H9DYeR5Wmg

Related Questions

1 Multiply 0086 by 076

2 Find the product of 047 times 53 times 006

3 If the cost of a pen is ₹ 2850 Find the cost of 48 such pens

4 A taxi driver charges ₹ 980 per km How much will he charge for a journey of 1065 km

DAY-5 Division of decimals

Page 6 of 8

Dividing a Decimal by 10 1001000 etc

Rules i) On dividing a Decimal by 10 the decimal point is shifted to the left by one place

ii) On dividing a Decimal by 100 the decimal point is shifted to the left by two places

iii) On dividing a Decimal by 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the left by three places and so on

Dividing a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Perform the division by considering the dividend a whole number

Step 2 When the division of whole number part of the dividend is completeput the

decimal point in the quotient and proceed with the decision as in case of whole

numbers

Related Questions

Divide the following

a) 168 by 12 b) 0567 by 9

A bowler took 15 wickets for 321 runsWhat is his average score per wicket

A car covers a distance of 1089km in 18 hours What is the average speed of

the car

VIDEO-LINKS httpyoutubeHdU_rf7eMTI

Exercise

bull Solve the following

a) add ( 238 2367 68 and 006)

b) Subtract 13486 from 22

c) 08 times 89 times 26

Page 7 of 8

d) 111times 12times 012

e)1646divide 20

bull What should be added to 206 to get 31

bull What should be subtracted from 01 to get 04

bull The product of two decimals is 1824 If one of them is 064 find the other

bull How many pieces of plywood each 045 cm thick are required to make a pile 243m high

bull Each side of a polygon is 29 cm in length and its perimeter is 174cm How many sides does the

polygon have

bull Express in km using decimal

a) 65m b) 3km 5m

bull By how much should 3267 be increased to get 601

bull A tin of oil weighs 168kgWhat is the weight of 45 such tins

bull Divide

a) 1319 by 10

b) 008 by 10

c) 47 by 1000

d) 002 by 100

Mind Map

Page 8 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

SCIENCE

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

CHAPTER- 5 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

DAY-1

NCERT Book Links ndash

Topic- Need for Separation

httpsbyjuscomncert-books-class-6-science

Teaching Notes ndash

Introduction-

In nature we find that most substances are mixed with other substances forming mixtures The

substances or components in the mixture may be undesirable or even harmful to humans health

Often you might have seen your mother cleaning rice grains and pulses before cooking Cleaning

is done to remove stones insects and eggs etc from the items to be cooked Also these items

are washed with water to remove dust and other small particles which cannot be removed by

hand

In this chapter we will learn about the different methods used to separate substances from a

mixture and for cleaning of food

Pure Substances Many substances around us contain only one type of constituent particles

Elements and compounds are pure substances Some of the pure substances are iron copper

water salt etc

Impure Substances Substances containing more than one type of constituent particles are

called impure substances Some of the impure substances are pond water milk etc

Page 1 of 24

Impurities These are the unwanted particles present in a substance making it impure

Mixtures Substances which contain more than one component mixed in any ratio are called

mixtures For example air is a mixture of many gases like nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide

dust particles etc

Homogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which the particles of the substances present cannot

be seen are called homogeneous mixtures For example solution of sugar and water air cold

drinks etc

Heterogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which particles of the substances present can be

seen easily are called heterogeneous mixtures For example water in oil dust in air

Page 2 of 24

Need for Separation We carry out the separation of the components of a mixture or an

impure substance with the following purposes

bull To remove the un useful or harmful component

bull To obtain the useful component

bull To remove impurities for getting a pure sample

Principle of separation

bull The substances present in a mixture retain their original properties like particle size

density melting point boiling point volatility etc

bull We use the difference in any one of these properties in the components of a mixture to

separate them

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutube41YfP2Ly-ew

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is mixture

2 Differentiate between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

3 Why there is need of separation

DAY-2

Teaching Notes ndash

Methods of Separation

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 3 of 24

The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

Page 4 of 24

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 10 of 14

Page 11 of 14

DAY-4 पाठ11 काल परशन 1 काल करकसा कहत ह उततर _ करिया का वह रप णजसस उसक होि या करि का समय जञात हो काल कहलाता ह जस _ म पढाी थी

म पढती हा म पढागी

Page 12 of 14

DAY 5 परशन 2 काल क तीिाोाा भडो क पररचय दीणजए उततर_ काल क तीि भद हाा ___ 1 भतकाल __ करिया क णजस रप स बीत समय म कायथ क होि का

बोध हो भतकाल कहलाता ह जस _ मि पसतक पढाी म जला दी सो गई थी 2 वतथमाि काल _ करिया क णजस रप स चल रहा समय म कायथ

क होि का बोध होता ह वतथमाि काल कहत हाा जस _ करकसाि खत जोत रहाा ह वषथाा हो रहाी होगी 3 भणवषयत काल __ करिया क णजस रप स आि वाला समय म

कायथ क होि का बोध होता ह भणवषयत काल कहत हाा जस __ मालती पाठ पढागी मझा कल घर जािा ह

Page 13 of 14

Page 14 of 14

Page 1 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmail infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

MATHEMATICS

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

TOPIC Decimals

DAY-1 TEACHING MATERIAL

Decimals- The numbers expressed in decimal forms are called decimals For eg 68

1673 etc is a decimal

Decimal places - The number of digits contained in the decimal part of a decimal

gives the number of decimal places

for eg 574 has two decimal places and 8536 has three decimal places

Like Decimals- Decimals having the same number of decimal places are called like

decimals For eg 673 805 1908 are like decimals each having two decimal places

Unlike Decimals - Decimals having different number of decimal places are called

unlike decimals For eg 63 864 10023 are unlike decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

Page 2 of 8

httpyoutubeBeZyGg8xVCE

DAY-2

TEACHING MATERIAL

Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction bull Write the given decimal without the decimal point as the numerator of the fraction

bull In the denominator write 1 followed by as many zeros as there are decimal places in the given decimal

bull Reduce the above fraction to the simplest form

Converting a fraction into a Decimal

bull Divide the numerator by the denominator till a non zero remainder is obtained

bull Put a decimal point in the dividend as well as in the quotient

bull Put a zero on the right of the decimal point in the dividend asas well as on the

right of the remainder

bull Divide again just as we do in whole numbers

bull Repeat steps 3 and 4 till the remainder is zero

Page 3 of 8

httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk

httpsyoutubedo_IbHId2Os

Related Questions-

bull Convert each of the following into a fraction in its simplest form-

a) 08 b) 006

bull Convert each of the following as a mixed fraction

a) 56 b)6004

bull Convert the following into like decimals-

65 1604 0274 1194

bull Arrange the following decimals into ascending order

a) 46 74 458 732 406 b) 05 55 505 005 555

bull Express 45 mm in cm m and km

DAY-3 TEACHING MATERIAL

Addition and Subtraction of Decimals

Method

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals

bull Write the addends one under the other in column form keeping points of all the addends in the same

column and the digits of the same place in the same column

bull Add as in the case of whole numbers

bull In the sum put the decimal point directly under decimal points in the addends

Page 4 of 8

Subtraction of Decimals

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals bull Write the smaller number under the larger one in column form in such a way that the

decimals points of both the numbers are in the same column and the digits of the same

place lie in the same column bull Subtract as we do Im case of whole numbers

Related Questions-

Add the following--

a) 16 87 095 68 and 777 b) 125 1447 56 and 2146

Subtract

a) 1479 from 7243 b) 6732 from 9001

Take out 5746 from 91

What is to be added to 6358 to get 92

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutube5sbXpfJQSN8

httpyoutubejoF4sYmuC88

PPT LINKS

httpsyoutube5udpHfBlGxs

DAY-4

bull Multiplication of decimals-

Multiplication of a Decimal by 10 100 1000 etc

Page 5 of 8

On multiplying by 10 100 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the right by one two three places and so

on

Multiplication of a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Multiply the decimal without the decimal point by a given whole number

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product to have as many places of decimal as in the given decimal

Multiplication of a Decimal by a Decimal

Step 1 Multiply the two decimals without the decimal point just like whole numbers

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product in such s way that the number of decimal places in the product

is equal to the sum of the decimal places in the given decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

httpyoutube3H9DYeR5Wmg

Related Questions

1 Multiply 0086 by 076

2 Find the product of 047 times 53 times 006

3 If the cost of a pen is ₹ 2850 Find the cost of 48 such pens

4 A taxi driver charges ₹ 980 per km How much will he charge for a journey of 1065 km

DAY-5 Division of decimals

Page 6 of 8

Dividing a Decimal by 10 1001000 etc

Rules i) On dividing a Decimal by 10 the decimal point is shifted to the left by one place

ii) On dividing a Decimal by 100 the decimal point is shifted to the left by two places

iii) On dividing a Decimal by 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the left by three places and so on

Dividing a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Perform the division by considering the dividend a whole number

Step 2 When the division of whole number part of the dividend is completeput the

decimal point in the quotient and proceed with the decision as in case of whole

numbers

Related Questions

Divide the following

a) 168 by 12 b) 0567 by 9

A bowler took 15 wickets for 321 runsWhat is his average score per wicket

A car covers a distance of 1089km in 18 hours What is the average speed of

the car

VIDEO-LINKS httpyoutubeHdU_rf7eMTI

Exercise

bull Solve the following

a) add ( 238 2367 68 and 006)

b) Subtract 13486 from 22

c) 08 times 89 times 26

Page 7 of 8

d) 111times 12times 012

e)1646divide 20

bull What should be added to 206 to get 31

bull What should be subtracted from 01 to get 04

bull The product of two decimals is 1824 If one of them is 064 find the other

bull How many pieces of plywood each 045 cm thick are required to make a pile 243m high

bull Each side of a polygon is 29 cm in length and its perimeter is 174cm How many sides does the

polygon have

bull Express in km using decimal

a) 65m b) 3km 5m

bull By how much should 3267 be increased to get 601

bull A tin of oil weighs 168kgWhat is the weight of 45 such tins

bull Divide

a) 1319 by 10

b) 008 by 10

c) 47 by 1000

d) 002 by 100

Mind Map

Page 8 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

SCIENCE

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

CHAPTER- 5 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

DAY-1

NCERT Book Links ndash

Topic- Need for Separation

httpsbyjuscomncert-books-class-6-science

Teaching Notes ndash

Introduction-

In nature we find that most substances are mixed with other substances forming mixtures The

substances or components in the mixture may be undesirable or even harmful to humans health

Often you might have seen your mother cleaning rice grains and pulses before cooking Cleaning

is done to remove stones insects and eggs etc from the items to be cooked Also these items

are washed with water to remove dust and other small particles which cannot be removed by

hand

In this chapter we will learn about the different methods used to separate substances from a

mixture and for cleaning of food

Pure Substances Many substances around us contain only one type of constituent particles

Elements and compounds are pure substances Some of the pure substances are iron copper

water salt etc

Impure Substances Substances containing more than one type of constituent particles are

called impure substances Some of the impure substances are pond water milk etc

Page 1 of 24

Impurities These are the unwanted particles present in a substance making it impure

Mixtures Substances which contain more than one component mixed in any ratio are called

mixtures For example air is a mixture of many gases like nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide

dust particles etc

Homogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which the particles of the substances present cannot

be seen are called homogeneous mixtures For example solution of sugar and water air cold

drinks etc

Heterogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which particles of the substances present can be

seen easily are called heterogeneous mixtures For example water in oil dust in air

Page 2 of 24

Need for Separation We carry out the separation of the components of a mixture or an

impure substance with the following purposes

bull To remove the un useful or harmful component

bull To obtain the useful component

bull To remove impurities for getting a pure sample

Principle of separation

bull The substances present in a mixture retain their original properties like particle size

density melting point boiling point volatility etc

bull We use the difference in any one of these properties in the components of a mixture to

separate them

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutube41YfP2Ly-ew

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is mixture

2 Differentiate between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

3 Why there is need of separation

DAY-2

Teaching Notes ndash

Methods of Separation

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 3 of 24

The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

Page 4 of 24

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 11 of 14

DAY-4 पाठ11 काल परशन 1 काल करकसा कहत ह उततर _ करिया का वह रप णजसस उसक होि या करि का समय जञात हो काल कहलाता ह जस _ म पढाी थी

म पढती हा म पढागी

Page 12 of 14

DAY 5 परशन 2 काल क तीिाोाा भडो क पररचय दीणजए उततर_ काल क तीि भद हाा ___ 1 भतकाल __ करिया क णजस रप स बीत समय म कायथ क होि का

बोध हो भतकाल कहलाता ह जस _ मि पसतक पढाी म जला दी सो गई थी 2 वतथमाि काल _ करिया क णजस रप स चल रहा समय म कायथ

क होि का बोध होता ह वतथमाि काल कहत हाा जस _ करकसाि खत जोत रहाा ह वषथाा हो रहाी होगी 3 भणवषयत काल __ करिया क णजस रप स आि वाला समय म

कायथ क होि का बोध होता ह भणवषयत काल कहत हाा जस __ मालती पाठ पढागी मझा कल घर जािा ह

Page 13 of 14

Page 14 of 14

Page 1 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmail infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

MATHEMATICS

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

TOPIC Decimals

DAY-1 TEACHING MATERIAL

Decimals- The numbers expressed in decimal forms are called decimals For eg 68

1673 etc is a decimal

Decimal places - The number of digits contained in the decimal part of a decimal

gives the number of decimal places

for eg 574 has two decimal places and 8536 has three decimal places

Like Decimals- Decimals having the same number of decimal places are called like

decimals For eg 673 805 1908 are like decimals each having two decimal places

Unlike Decimals - Decimals having different number of decimal places are called

unlike decimals For eg 63 864 10023 are unlike decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

Page 2 of 8

httpyoutubeBeZyGg8xVCE

DAY-2

TEACHING MATERIAL

Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction bull Write the given decimal without the decimal point as the numerator of the fraction

bull In the denominator write 1 followed by as many zeros as there are decimal places in the given decimal

bull Reduce the above fraction to the simplest form

Converting a fraction into a Decimal

bull Divide the numerator by the denominator till a non zero remainder is obtained

bull Put a decimal point in the dividend as well as in the quotient

bull Put a zero on the right of the decimal point in the dividend asas well as on the

right of the remainder

bull Divide again just as we do in whole numbers

bull Repeat steps 3 and 4 till the remainder is zero

Page 3 of 8

httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk

httpsyoutubedo_IbHId2Os

Related Questions-

bull Convert each of the following into a fraction in its simplest form-

a) 08 b) 006

bull Convert each of the following as a mixed fraction

a) 56 b)6004

bull Convert the following into like decimals-

65 1604 0274 1194

bull Arrange the following decimals into ascending order

a) 46 74 458 732 406 b) 05 55 505 005 555

bull Express 45 mm in cm m and km

DAY-3 TEACHING MATERIAL

Addition and Subtraction of Decimals

Method

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals

bull Write the addends one under the other in column form keeping points of all the addends in the same

column and the digits of the same place in the same column

bull Add as in the case of whole numbers

bull In the sum put the decimal point directly under decimal points in the addends

Page 4 of 8

Subtraction of Decimals

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals bull Write the smaller number under the larger one in column form in such a way that the

decimals points of both the numbers are in the same column and the digits of the same

place lie in the same column bull Subtract as we do Im case of whole numbers

Related Questions-

Add the following--

a) 16 87 095 68 and 777 b) 125 1447 56 and 2146

Subtract

a) 1479 from 7243 b) 6732 from 9001

Take out 5746 from 91

What is to be added to 6358 to get 92

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutube5sbXpfJQSN8

httpyoutubejoF4sYmuC88

PPT LINKS

httpsyoutube5udpHfBlGxs

DAY-4

bull Multiplication of decimals-

Multiplication of a Decimal by 10 100 1000 etc

Page 5 of 8

On multiplying by 10 100 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the right by one two three places and so

on

Multiplication of a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Multiply the decimal without the decimal point by a given whole number

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product to have as many places of decimal as in the given decimal

Multiplication of a Decimal by a Decimal

Step 1 Multiply the two decimals without the decimal point just like whole numbers

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product in such s way that the number of decimal places in the product

is equal to the sum of the decimal places in the given decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

httpyoutube3H9DYeR5Wmg

Related Questions

1 Multiply 0086 by 076

2 Find the product of 047 times 53 times 006

3 If the cost of a pen is ₹ 2850 Find the cost of 48 such pens

4 A taxi driver charges ₹ 980 per km How much will he charge for a journey of 1065 km

DAY-5 Division of decimals

Page 6 of 8

Dividing a Decimal by 10 1001000 etc

Rules i) On dividing a Decimal by 10 the decimal point is shifted to the left by one place

ii) On dividing a Decimal by 100 the decimal point is shifted to the left by two places

iii) On dividing a Decimal by 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the left by three places and so on

Dividing a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Perform the division by considering the dividend a whole number

Step 2 When the division of whole number part of the dividend is completeput the

decimal point in the quotient and proceed with the decision as in case of whole

numbers

Related Questions

Divide the following

a) 168 by 12 b) 0567 by 9

A bowler took 15 wickets for 321 runsWhat is his average score per wicket

A car covers a distance of 1089km in 18 hours What is the average speed of

the car

VIDEO-LINKS httpyoutubeHdU_rf7eMTI

Exercise

bull Solve the following

a) add ( 238 2367 68 and 006)

b) Subtract 13486 from 22

c) 08 times 89 times 26

Page 7 of 8

d) 111times 12times 012

e)1646divide 20

bull What should be added to 206 to get 31

bull What should be subtracted from 01 to get 04

bull The product of two decimals is 1824 If one of them is 064 find the other

bull How many pieces of plywood each 045 cm thick are required to make a pile 243m high

bull Each side of a polygon is 29 cm in length and its perimeter is 174cm How many sides does the

polygon have

bull Express in km using decimal

a) 65m b) 3km 5m

bull By how much should 3267 be increased to get 601

bull A tin of oil weighs 168kgWhat is the weight of 45 such tins

bull Divide

a) 1319 by 10

b) 008 by 10

c) 47 by 1000

d) 002 by 100

Mind Map

Page 8 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

SCIENCE

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

CHAPTER- 5 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

DAY-1

NCERT Book Links ndash

Topic- Need for Separation

httpsbyjuscomncert-books-class-6-science

Teaching Notes ndash

Introduction-

In nature we find that most substances are mixed with other substances forming mixtures The

substances or components in the mixture may be undesirable or even harmful to humans health

Often you might have seen your mother cleaning rice grains and pulses before cooking Cleaning

is done to remove stones insects and eggs etc from the items to be cooked Also these items

are washed with water to remove dust and other small particles which cannot be removed by

hand

In this chapter we will learn about the different methods used to separate substances from a

mixture and for cleaning of food

Pure Substances Many substances around us contain only one type of constituent particles

Elements and compounds are pure substances Some of the pure substances are iron copper

water salt etc

Impure Substances Substances containing more than one type of constituent particles are

called impure substances Some of the impure substances are pond water milk etc

Page 1 of 24

Impurities These are the unwanted particles present in a substance making it impure

Mixtures Substances which contain more than one component mixed in any ratio are called

mixtures For example air is a mixture of many gases like nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide

dust particles etc

Homogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which the particles of the substances present cannot

be seen are called homogeneous mixtures For example solution of sugar and water air cold

drinks etc

Heterogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which particles of the substances present can be

seen easily are called heterogeneous mixtures For example water in oil dust in air

Page 2 of 24

Need for Separation We carry out the separation of the components of a mixture or an

impure substance with the following purposes

bull To remove the un useful or harmful component

bull To obtain the useful component

bull To remove impurities for getting a pure sample

Principle of separation

bull The substances present in a mixture retain their original properties like particle size

density melting point boiling point volatility etc

bull We use the difference in any one of these properties in the components of a mixture to

separate them

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutube41YfP2Ly-ew

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is mixture

2 Differentiate between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

3 Why there is need of separation

DAY-2

Teaching Notes ndash

Methods of Separation

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 3 of 24

The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

Page 4 of 24

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 12 of 14

DAY 5 परशन 2 काल क तीिाोाा भडो क पररचय दीणजए उततर_ काल क तीि भद हाा ___ 1 भतकाल __ करिया क णजस रप स बीत समय म कायथ क होि का

बोध हो भतकाल कहलाता ह जस _ मि पसतक पढाी म जला दी सो गई थी 2 वतथमाि काल _ करिया क णजस रप स चल रहा समय म कायथ

क होि का बोध होता ह वतथमाि काल कहत हाा जस _ करकसाि खत जोत रहाा ह वषथाा हो रहाी होगी 3 भणवषयत काल __ करिया क णजस रप स आि वाला समय म

कायथ क होि का बोध होता ह भणवषयत काल कहत हाा जस __ मालती पाठ पढागी मझा कल घर जािा ह

Page 13 of 14

Page 14 of 14

Page 1 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmail infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

MATHEMATICS

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

TOPIC Decimals

DAY-1 TEACHING MATERIAL

Decimals- The numbers expressed in decimal forms are called decimals For eg 68

1673 etc is a decimal

Decimal places - The number of digits contained in the decimal part of a decimal

gives the number of decimal places

for eg 574 has two decimal places and 8536 has three decimal places

Like Decimals- Decimals having the same number of decimal places are called like

decimals For eg 673 805 1908 are like decimals each having two decimal places

Unlike Decimals - Decimals having different number of decimal places are called

unlike decimals For eg 63 864 10023 are unlike decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

Page 2 of 8

httpyoutubeBeZyGg8xVCE

DAY-2

TEACHING MATERIAL

Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction bull Write the given decimal without the decimal point as the numerator of the fraction

bull In the denominator write 1 followed by as many zeros as there are decimal places in the given decimal

bull Reduce the above fraction to the simplest form

Converting a fraction into a Decimal

bull Divide the numerator by the denominator till a non zero remainder is obtained

bull Put a decimal point in the dividend as well as in the quotient

bull Put a zero on the right of the decimal point in the dividend asas well as on the

right of the remainder

bull Divide again just as we do in whole numbers

bull Repeat steps 3 and 4 till the remainder is zero

Page 3 of 8

httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk

httpsyoutubedo_IbHId2Os

Related Questions-

bull Convert each of the following into a fraction in its simplest form-

a) 08 b) 006

bull Convert each of the following as a mixed fraction

a) 56 b)6004

bull Convert the following into like decimals-

65 1604 0274 1194

bull Arrange the following decimals into ascending order

a) 46 74 458 732 406 b) 05 55 505 005 555

bull Express 45 mm in cm m and km

DAY-3 TEACHING MATERIAL

Addition and Subtraction of Decimals

Method

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals

bull Write the addends one under the other in column form keeping points of all the addends in the same

column and the digits of the same place in the same column

bull Add as in the case of whole numbers

bull In the sum put the decimal point directly under decimal points in the addends

Page 4 of 8

Subtraction of Decimals

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals bull Write the smaller number under the larger one in column form in such a way that the

decimals points of both the numbers are in the same column and the digits of the same

place lie in the same column bull Subtract as we do Im case of whole numbers

Related Questions-

Add the following--

a) 16 87 095 68 and 777 b) 125 1447 56 and 2146

Subtract

a) 1479 from 7243 b) 6732 from 9001

Take out 5746 from 91

What is to be added to 6358 to get 92

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutube5sbXpfJQSN8

httpyoutubejoF4sYmuC88

PPT LINKS

httpsyoutube5udpHfBlGxs

DAY-4

bull Multiplication of decimals-

Multiplication of a Decimal by 10 100 1000 etc

Page 5 of 8

On multiplying by 10 100 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the right by one two three places and so

on

Multiplication of a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Multiply the decimal without the decimal point by a given whole number

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product to have as many places of decimal as in the given decimal

Multiplication of a Decimal by a Decimal

Step 1 Multiply the two decimals without the decimal point just like whole numbers

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product in such s way that the number of decimal places in the product

is equal to the sum of the decimal places in the given decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

httpyoutube3H9DYeR5Wmg

Related Questions

1 Multiply 0086 by 076

2 Find the product of 047 times 53 times 006

3 If the cost of a pen is ₹ 2850 Find the cost of 48 such pens

4 A taxi driver charges ₹ 980 per km How much will he charge for a journey of 1065 km

DAY-5 Division of decimals

Page 6 of 8

Dividing a Decimal by 10 1001000 etc

Rules i) On dividing a Decimal by 10 the decimal point is shifted to the left by one place

ii) On dividing a Decimal by 100 the decimal point is shifted to the left by two places

iii) On dividing a Decimal by 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the left by three places and so on

Dividing a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Perform the division by considering the dividend a whole number

Step 2 When the division of whole number part of the dividend is completeput the

decimal point in the quotient and proceed with the decision as in case of whole

numbers

Related Questions

Divide the following

a) 168 by 12 b) 0567 by 9

A bowler took 15 wickets for 321 runsWhat is his average score per wicket

A car covers a distance of 1089km in 18 hours What is the average speed of

the car

VIDEO-LINKS httpyoutubeHdU_rf7eMTI

Exercise

bull Solve the following

a) add ( 238 2367 68 and 006)

b) Subtract 13486 from 22

c) 08 times 89 times 26

Page 7 of 8

d) 111times 12times 012

e)1646divide 20

bull What should be added to 206 to get 31

bull What should be subtracted from 01 to get 04

bull The product of two decimals is 1824 If one of them is 064 find the other

bull How many pieces of plywood each 045 cm thick are required to make a pile 243m high

bull Each side of a polygon is 29 cm in length and its perimeter is 174cm How many sides does the

polygon have

bull Express in km using decimal

a) 65m b) 3km 5m

bull By how much should 3267 be increased to get 601

bull A tin of oil weighs 168kgWhat is the weight of 45 such tins

bull Divide

a) 1319 by 10

b) 008 by 10

c) 47 by 1000

d) 002 by 100

Mind Map

Page 8 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

SCIENCE

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

CHAPTER- 5 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

DAY-1

NCERT Book Links ndash

Topic- Need for Separation

httpsbyjuscomncert-books-class-6-science

Teaching Notes ndash

Introduction-

In nature we find that most substances are mixed with other substances forming mixtures The

substances or components in the mixture may be undesirable or even harmful to humans health

Often you might have seen your mother cleaning rice grains and pulses before cooking Cleaning

is done to remove stones insects and eggs etc from the items to be cooked Also these items

are washed with water to remove dust and other small particles which cannot be removed by

hand

In this chapter we will learn about the different methods used to separate substances from a

mixture and for cleaning of food

Pure Substances Many substances around us contain only one type of constituent particles

Elements and compounds are pure substances Some of the pure substances are iron copper

water salt etc

Impure Substances Substances containing more than one type of constituent particles are

called impure substances Some of the impure substances are pond water milk etc

Page 1 of 24

Impurities These are the unwanted particles present in a substance making it impure

Mixtures Substances which contain more than one component mixed in any ratio are called

mixtures For example air is a mixture of many gases like nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide

dust particles etc

Homogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which the particles of the substances present cannot

be seen are called homogeneous mixtures For example solution of sugar and water air cold

drinks etc

Heterogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which particles of the substances present can be

seen easily are called heterogeneous mixtures For example water in oil dust in air

Page 2 of 24

Need for Separation We carry out the separation of the components of a mixture or an

impure substance with the following purposes

bull To remove the un useful or harmful component

bull To obtain the useful component

bull To remove impurities for getting a pure sample

Principle of separation

bull The substances present in a mixture retain their original properties like particle size

density melting point boiling point volatility etc

bull We use the difference in any one of these properties in the components of a mixture to

separate them

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutube41YfP2Ly-ew

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is mixture

2 Differentiate between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

3 Why there is need of separation

DAY-2

Teaching Notes ndash

Methods of Separation

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 3 of 24

The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

Page 4 of 24

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 13 of 14

Page 14 of 14

Page 1 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmail infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

MATHEMATICS

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

TOPIC Decimals

DAY-1 TEACHING MATERIAL

Decimals- The numbers expressed in decimal forms are called decimals For eg 68

1673 etc is a decimal

Decimal places - The number of digits contained in the decimal part of a decimal

gives the number of decimal places

for eg 574 has two decimal places and 8536 has three decimal places

Like Decimals- Decimals having the same number of decimal places are called like

decimals For eg 673 805 1908 are like decimals each having two decimal places

Unlike Decimals - Decimals having different number of decimal places are called

unlike decimals For eg 63 864 10023 are unlike decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

Page 2 of 8

httpyoutubeBeZyGg8xVCE

DAY-2

TEACHING MATERIAL

Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction bull Write the given decimal without the decimal point as the numerator of the fraction

bull In the denominator write 1 followed by as many zeros as there are decimal places in the given decimal

bull Reduce the above fraction to the simplest form

Converting a fraction into a Decimal

bull Divide the numerator by the denominator till a non zero remainder is obtained

bull Put a decimal point in the dividend as well as in the quotient

bull Put a zero on the right of the decimal point in the dividend asas well as on the

right of the remainder

bull Divide again just as we do in whole numbers

bull Repeat steps 3 and 4 till the remainder is zero

Page 3 of 8

httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk

httpsyoutubedo_IbHId2Os

Related Questions-

bull Convert each of the following into a fraction in its simplest form-

a) 08 b) 006

bull Convert each of the following as a mixed fraction

a) 56 b)6004

bull Convert the following into like decimals-

65 1604 0274 1194

bull Arrange the following decimals into ascending order

a) 46 74 458 732 406 b) 05 55 505 005 555

bull Express 45 mm in cm m and km

DAY-3 TEACHING MATERIAL

Addition and Subtraction of Decimals

Method

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals

bull Write the addends one under the other in column form keeping points of all the addends in the same

column and the digits of the same place in the same column

bull Add as in the case of whole numbers

bull In the sum put the decimal point directly under decimal points in the addends

Page 4 of 8

Subtraction of Decimals

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals bull Write the smaller number under the larger one in column form in such a way that the

decimals points of both the numbers are in the same column and the digits of the same

place lie in the same column bull Subtract as we do Im case of whole numbers

Related Questions-

Add the following--

a) 16 87 095 68 and 777 b) 125 1447 56 and 2146

Subtract

a) 1479 from 7243 b) 6732 from 9001

Take out 5746 from 91

What is to be added to 6358 to get 92

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutube5sbXpfJQSN8

httpyoutubejoF4sYmuC88

PPT LINKS

httpsyoutube5udpHfBlGxs

DAY-4

bull Multiplication of decimals-

Multiplication of a Decimal by 10 100 1000 etc

Page 5 of 8

On multiplying by 10 100 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the right by one two three places and so

on

Multiplication of a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Multiply the decimal without the decimal point by a given whole number

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product to have as many places of decimal as in the given decimal

Multiplication of a Decimal by a Decimal

Step 1 Multiply the two decimals without the decimal point just like whole numbers

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product in such s way that the number of decimal places in the product

is equal to the sum of the decimal places in the given decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

httpyoutube3H9DYeR5Wmg

Related Questions

1 Multiply 0086 by 076

2 Find the product of 047 times 53 times 006

3 If the cost of a pen is ₹ 2850 Find the cost of 48 such pens

4 A taxi driver charges ₹ 980 per km How much will he charge for a journey of 1065 km

DAY-5 Division of decimals

Page 6 of 8

Dividing a Decimal by 10 1001000 etc

Rules i) On dividing a Decimal by 10 the decimal point is shifted to the left by one place

ii) On dividing a Decimal by 100 the decimal point is shifted to the left by two places

iii) On dividing a Decimal by 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the left by three places and so on

Dividing a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Perform the division by considering the dividend a whole number

Step 2 When the division of whole number part of the dividend is completeput the

decimal point in the quotient and proceed with the decision as in case of whole

numbers

Related Questions

Divide the following

a) 168 by 12 b) 0567 by 9

A bowler took 15 wickets for 321 runsWhat is his average score per wicket

A car covers a distance of 1089km in 18 hours What is the average speed of

the car

VIDEO-LINKS httpyoutubeHdU_rf7eMTI

Exercise

bull Solve the following

a) add ( 238 2367 68 and 006)

b) Subtract 13486 from 22

c) 08 times 89 times 26

Page 7 of 8

d) 111times 12times 012

e)1646divide 20

bull What should be added to 206 to get 31

bull What should be subtracted from 01 to get 04

bull The product of two decimals is 1824 If one of them is 064 find the other

bull How many pieces of plywood each 045 cm thick are required to make a pile 243m high

bull Each side of a polygon is 29 cm in length and its perimeter is 174cm How many sides does the

polygon have

bull Express in km using decimal

a) 65m b) 3km 5m

bull By how much should 3267 be increased to get 601

bull A tin of oil weighs 168kgWhat is the weight of 45 such tins

bull Divide

a) 1319 by 10

b) 008 by 10

c) 47 by 1000

d) 002 by 100

Mind Map

Page 8 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

SCIENCE

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

CHAPTER- 5 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

DAY-1

NCERT Book Links ndash

Topic- Need for Separation

httpsbyjuscomncert-books-class-6-science

Teaching Notes ndash

Introduction-

In nature we find that most substances are mixed with other substances forming mixtures The

substances or components in the mixture may be undesirable or even harmful to humans health

Often you might have seen your mother cleaning rice grains and pulses before cooking Cleaning

is done to remove stones insects and eggs etc from the items to be cooked Also these items

are washed with water to remove dust and other small particles which cannot be removed by

hand

In this chapter we will learn about the different methods used to separate substances from a

mixture and for cleaning of food

Pure Substances Many substances around us contain only one type of constituent particles

Elements and compounds are pure substances Some of the pure substances are iron copper

water salt etc

Impure Substances Substances containing more than one type of constituent particles are

called impure substances Some of the impure substances are pond water milk etc

Page 1 of 24

Impurities These are the unwanted particles present in a substance making it impure

Mixtures Substances which contain more than one component mixed in any ratio are called

mixtures For example air is a mixture of many gases like nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide

dust particles etc

Homogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which the particles of the substances present cannot

be seen are called homogeneous mixtures For example solution of sugar and water air cold

drinks etc

Heterogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which particles of the substances present can be

seen easily are called heterogeneous mixtures For example water in oil dust in air

Page 2 of 24

Need for Separation We carry out the separation of the components of a mixture or an

impure substance with the following purposes

bull To remove the un useful or harmful component

bull To obtain the useful component

bull To remove impurities for getting a pure sample

Principle of separation

bull The substances present in a mixture retain their original properties like particle size

density melting point boiling point volatility etc

bull We use the difference in any one of these properties in the components of a mixture to

separate them

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutube41YfP2Ly-ew

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is mixture

2 Differentiate between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

3 Why there is need of separation

DAY-2

Teaching Notes ndash

Methods of Separation

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 3 of 24

The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

Page 4 of 24

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 14 of 14

Page 1 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmail infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

MATHEMATICS

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

TOPIC Decimals

DAY-1 TEACHING MATERIAL

Decimals- The numbers expressed in decimal forms are called decimals For eg 68

1673 etc is a decimal

Decimal places - The number of digits contained in the decimal part of a decimal

gives the number of decimal places

for eg 574 has two decimal places and 8536 has three decimal places

Like Decimals- Decimals having the same number of decimal places are called like

decimals For eg 673 805 1908 are like decimals each having two decimal places

Unlike Decimals - Decimals having different number of decimal places are called

unlike decimals For eg 63 864 10023 are unlike decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

Page 2 of 8

httpyoutubeBeZyGg8xVCE

DAY-2

TEACHING MATERIAL

Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction bull Write the given decimal without the decimal point as the numerator of the fraction

bull In the denominator write 1 followed by as many zeros as there are decimal places in the given decimal

bull Reduce the above fraction to the simplest form

Converting a fraction into a Decimal

bull Divide the numerator by the denominator till a non zero remainder is obtained

bull Put a decimal point in the dividend as well as in the quotient

bull Put a zero on the right of the decimal point in the dividend asas well as on the

right of the remainder

bull Divide again just as we do in whole numbers

bull Repeat steps 3 and 4 till the remainder is zero

Page 3 of 8

httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk

httpsyoutubedo_IbHId2Os

Related Questions-

bull Convert each of the following into a fraction in its simplest form-

a) 08 b) 006

bull Convert each of the following as a mixed fraction

a) 56 b)6004

bull Convert the following into like decimals-

65 1604 0274 1194

bull Arrange the following decimals into ascending order

a) 46 74 458 732 406 b) 05 55 505 005 555

bull Express 45 mm in cm m and km

DAY-3 TEACHING MATERIAL

Addition and Subtraction of Decimals

Method

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals

bull Write the addends one under the other in column form keeping points of all the addends in the same

column and the digits of the same place in the same column

bull Add as in the case of whole numbers

bull In the sum put the decimal point directly under decimal points in the addends

Page 4 of 8

Subtraction of Decimals

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals bull Write the smaller number under the larger one in column form in such a way that the

decimals points of both the numbers are in the same column and the digits of the same

place lie in the same column bull Subtract as we do Im case of whole numbers

Related Questions-

Add the following--

a) 16 87 095 68 and 777 b) 125 1447 56 and 2146

Subtract

a) 1479 from 7243 b) 6732 from 9001

Take out 5746 from 91

What is to be added to 6358 to get 92

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutube5sbXpfJQSN8

httpyoutubejoF4sYmuC88

PPT LINKS

httpsyoutube5udpHfBlGxs

DAY-4

bull Multiplication of decimals-

Multiplication of a Decimal by 10 100 1000 etc

Page 5 of 8

On multiplying by 10 100 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the right by one two three places and so

on

Multiplication of a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Multiply the decimal without the decimal point by a given whole number

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product to have as many places of decimal as in the given decimal

Multiplication of a Decimal by a Decimal

Step 1 Multiply the two decimals without the decimal point just like whole numbers

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product in such s way that the number of decimal places in the product

is equal to the sum of the decimal places in the given decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

httpyoutube3H9DYeR5Wmg

Related Questions

1 Multiply 0086 by 076

2 Find the product of 047 times 53 times 006

3 If the cost of a pen is ₹ 2850 Find the cost of 48 such pens

4 A taxi driver charges ₹ 980 per km How much will he charge for a journey of 1065 km

DAY-5 Division of decimals

Page 6 of 8

Dividing a Decimal by 10 1001000 etc

Rules i) On dividing a Decimal by 10 the decimal point is shifted to the left by one place

ii) On dividing a Decimal by 100 the decimal point is shifted to the left by two places

iii) On dividing a Decimal by 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the left by three places and so on

Dividing a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Perform the division by considering the dividend a whole number

Step 2 When the division of whole number part of the dividend is completeput the

decimal point in the quotient and proceed with the decision as in case of whole

numbers

Related Questions

Divide the following

a) 168 by 12 b) 0567 by 9

A bowler took 15 wickets for 321 runsWhat is his average score per wicket

A car covers a distance of 1089km in 18 hours What is the average speed of

the car

VIDEO-LINKS httpyoutubeHdU_rf7eMTI

Exercise

bull Solve the following

a) add ( 238 2367 68 and 006)

b) Subtract 13486 from 22

c) 08 times 89 times 26

Page 7 of 8

d) 111times 12times 012

e)1646divide 20

bull What should be added to 206 to get 31

bull What should be subtracted from 01 to get 04

bull The product of two decimals is 1824 If one of them is 064 find the other

bull How many pieces of plywood each 045 cm thick are required to make a pile 243m high

bull Each side of a polygon is 29 cm in length and its perimeter is 174cm How many sides does the

polygon have

bull Express in km using decimal

a) 65m b) 3km 5m

bull By how much should 3267 be increased to get 601

bull A tin of oil weighs 168kgWhat is the weight of 45 such tins

bull Divide

a) 1319 by 10

b) 008 by 10

c) 47 by 1000

d) 002 by 100

Mind Map

Page 8 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

SCIENCE

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

CHAPTER- 5 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

DAY-1

NCERT Book Links ndash

Topic- Need for Separation

httpsbyjuscomncert-books-class-6-science

Teaching Notes ndash

Introduction-

In nature we find that most substances are mixed with other substances forming mixtures The

substances or components in the mixture may be undesirable or even harmful to humans health

Often you might have seen your mother cleaning rice grains and pulses before cooking Cleaning

is done to remove stones insects and eggs etc from the items to be cooked Also these items

are washed with water to remove dust and other small particles which cannot be removed by

hand

In this chapter we will learn about the different methods used to separate substances from a

mixture and for cleaning of food

Pure Substances Many substances around us contain only one type of constituent particles

Elements and compounds are pure substances Some of the pure substances are iron copper

water salt etc

Impure Substances Substances containing more than one type of constituent particles are

called impure substances Some of the impure substances are pond water milk etc

Page 1 of 24

Impurities These are the unwanted particles present in a substance making it impure

Mixtures Substances which contain more than one component mixed in any ratio are called

mixtures For example air is a mixture of many gases like nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide

dust particles etc

Homogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which the particles of the substances present cannot

be seen are called homogeneous mixtures For example solution of sugar and water air cold

drinks etc

Heterogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which particles of the substances present can be

seen easily are called heterogeneous mixtures For example water in oil dust in air

Page 2 of 24

Need for Separation We carry out the separation of the components of a mixture or an

impure substance with the following purposes

bull To remove the un useful or harmful component

bull To obtain the useful component

bull To remove impurities for getting a pure sample

Principle of separation

bull The substances present in a mixture retain their original properties like particle size

density melting point boiling point volatility etc

bull We use the difference in any one of these properties in the components of a mixture to

separate them

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutube41YfP2Ly-ew

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is mixture

2 Differentiate between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

3 Why there is need of separation

DAY-2

Teaching Notes ndash

Methods of Separation

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 3 of 24

The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

Page 4 of 24

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 1 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmail infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

MATHEMATICS

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

TOPIC Decimals

DAY-1 TEACHING MATERIAL

Decimals- The numbers expressed in decimal forms are called decimals For eg 68

1673 etc is a decimal

Decimal places - The number of digits contained in the decimal part of a decimal

gives the number of decimal places

for eg 574 has two decimal places and 8536 has three decimal places

Like Decimals- Decimals having the same number of decimal places are called like

decimals For eg 673 805 1908 are like decimals each having two decimal places

Unlike Decimals - Decimals having different number of decimal places are called

unlike decimals For eg 63 864 10023 are unlike decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

Page 2 of 8

httpyoutubeBeZyGg8xVCE

DAY-2

TEACHING MATERIAL

Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction bull Write the given decimal without the decimal point as the numerator of the fraction

bull In the denominator write 1 followed by as many zeros as there are decimal places in the given decimal

bull Reduce the above fraction to the simplest form

Converting a fraction into a Decimal

bull Divide the numerator by the denominator till a non zero remainder is obtained

bull Put a decimal point in the dividend as well as in the quotient

bull Put a zero on the right of the decimal point in the dividend asas well as on the

right of the remainder

bull Divide again just as we do in whole numbers

bull Repeat steps 3 and 4 till the remainder is zero

Page 3 of 8

httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk

httpsyoutubedo_IbHId2Os

Related Questions-

bull Convert each of the following into a fraction in its simplest form-

a) 08 b) 006

bull Convert each of the following as a mixed fraction

a) 56 b)6004

bull Convert the following into like decimals-

65 1604 0274 1194

bull Arrange the following decimals into ascending order

a) 46 74 458 732 406 b) 05 55 505 005 555

bull Express 45 mm in cm m and km

DAY-3 TEACHING MATERIAL

Addition and Subtraction of Decimals

Method

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals

bull Write the addends one under the other in column form keeping points of all the addends in the same

column and the digits of the same place in the same column

bull Add as in the case of whole numbers

bull In the sum put the decimal point directly under decimal points in the addends

Page 4 of 8

Subtraction of Decimals

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals bull Write the smaller number under the larger one in column form in such a way that the

decimals points of both the numbers are in the same column and the digits of the same

place lie in the same column bull Subtract as we do Im case of whole numbers

Related Questions-

Add the following--

a) 16 87 095 68 and 777 b) 125 1447 56 and 2146

Subtract

a) 1479 from 7243 b) 6732 from 9001

Take out 5746 from 91

What is to be added to 6358 to get 92

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutube5sbXpfJQSN8

httpyoutubejoF4sYmuC88

PPT LINKS

httpsyoutube5udpHfBlGxs

DAY-4

bull Multiplication of decimals-

Multiplication of a Decimal by 10 100 1000 etc

Page 5 of 8

On multiplying by 10 100 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the right by one two three places and so

on

Multiplication of a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Multiply the decimal without the decimal point by a given whole number

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product to have as many places of decimal as in the given decimal

Multiplication of a Decimal by a Decimal

Step 1 Multiply the two decimals without the decimal point just like whole numbers

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product in such s way that the number of decimal places in the product

is equal to the sum of the decimal places in the given decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

httpyoutube3H9DYeR5Wmg

Related Questions

1 Multiply 0086 by 076

2 Find the product of 047 times 53 times 006

3 If the cost of a pen is ₹ 2850 Find the cost of 48 such pens

4 A taxi driver charges ₹ 980 per km How much will he charge for a journey of 1065 km

DAY-5 Division of decimals

Page 6 of 8

Dividing a Decimal by 10 1001000 etc

Rules i) On dividing a Decimal by 10 the decimal point is shifted to the left by one place

ii) On dividing a Decimal by 100 the decimal point is shifted to the left by two places

iii) On dividing a Decimal by 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the left by three places and so on

Dividing a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Perform the division by considering the dividend a whole number

Step 2 When the division of whole number part of the dividend is completeput the

decimal point in the quotient and proceed with the decision as in case of whole

numbers

Related Questions

Divide the following

a) 168 by 12 b) 0567 by 9

A bowler took 15 wickets for 321 runsWhat is his average score per wicket

A car covers a distance of 1089km in 18 hours What is the average speed of

the car

VIDEO-LINKS httpyoutubeHdU_rf7eMTI

Exercise

bull Solve the following

a) add ( 238 2367 68 and 006)

b) Subtract 13486 from 22

c) 08 times 89 times 26

Page 7 of 8

d) 111times 12times 012

e)1646divide 20

bull What should be added to 206 to get 31

bull What should be subtracted from 01 to get 04

bull The product of two decimals is 1824 If one of them is 064 find the other

bull How many pieces of plywood each 045 cm thick are required to make a pile 243m high

bull Each side of a polygon is 29 cm in length and its perimeter is 174cm How many sides does the

polygon have

bull Express in km using decimal

a) 65m b) 3km 5m

bull By how much should 3267 be increased to get 601

bull A tin of oil weighs 168kgWhat is the weight of 45 such tins

bull Divide

a) 1319 by 10

b) 008 by 10

c) 47 by 1000

d) 002 by 100

Mind Map

Page 8 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

SCIENCE

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

CHAPTER- 5 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

DAY-1

NCERT Book Links ndash

Topic- Need for Separation

httpsbyjuscomncert-books-class-6-science

Teaching Notes ndash

Introduction-

In nature we find that most substances are mixed with other substances forming mixtures The

substances or components in the mixture may be undesirable or even harmful to humans health

Often you might have seen your mother cleaning rice grains and pulses before cooking Cleaning

is done to remove stones insects and eggs etc from the items to be cooked Also these items

are washed with water to remove dust and other small particles which cannot be removed by

hand

In this chapter we will learn about the different methods used to separate substances from a

mixture and for cleaning of food

Pure Substances Many substances around us contain only one type of constituent particles

Elements and compounds are pure substances Some of the pure substances are iron copper

water salt etc

Impure Substances Substances containing more than one type of constituent particles are

called impure substances Some of the impure substances are pond water milk etc

Page 1 of 24

Impurities These are the unwanted particles present in a substance making it impure

Mixtures Substances which contain more than one component mixed in any ratio are called

mixtures For example air is a mixture of many gases like nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide

dust particles etc

Homogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which the particles of the substances present cannot

be seen are called homogeneous mixtures For example solution of sugar and water air cold

drinks etc

Heterogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which particles of the substances present can be

seen easily are called heterogeneous mixtures For example water in oil dust in air

Page 2 of 24

Need for Separation We carry out the separation of the components of a mixture or an

impure substance with the following purposes

bull To remove the un useful or harmful component

bull To obtain the useful component

bull To remove impurities for getting a pure sample

Principle of separation

bull The substances present in a mixture retain their original properties like particle size

density melting point boiling point volatility etc

bull We use the difference in any one of these properties in the components of a mixture to

separate them

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutube41YfP2Ly-ew

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is mixture

2 Differentiate between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

3 Why there is need of separation

DAY-2

Teaching Notes ndash

Methods of Separation

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 3 of 24

The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

Page 4 of 24

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 2 of 8

httpyoutubeBeZyGg8xVCE

DAY-2

TEACHING MATERIAL

Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction bull Write the given decimal without the decimal point as the numerator of the fraction

bull In the denominator write 1 followed by as many zeros as there are decimal places in the given decimal

bull Reduce the above fraction to the simplest form

Converting a fraction into a Decimal

bull Divide the numerator by the denominator till a non zero remainder is obtained

bull Put a decimal point in the dividend as well as in the quotient

bull Put a zero on the right of the decimal point in the dividend asas well as on the

right of the remainder

bull Divide again just as we do in whole numbers

bull Repeat steps 3 and 4 till the remainder is zero

Page 3 of 8

httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk

httpsyoutubedo_IbHId2Os

Related Questions-

bull Convert each of the following into a fraction in its simplest form-

a) 08 b) 006

bull Convert each of the following as a mixed fraction

a) 56 b)6004

bull Convert the following into like decimals-

65 1604 0274 1194

bull Arrange the following decimals into ascending order

a) 46 74 458 732 406 b) 05 55 505 005 555

bull Express 45 mm in cm m and km

DAY-3 TEACHING MATERIAL

Addition and Subtraction of Decimals

Method

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals

bull Write the addends one under the other in column form keeping points of all the addends in the same

column and the digits of the same place in the same column

bull Add as in the case of whole numbers

bull In the sum put the decimal point directly under decimal points in the addends

Page 4 of 8

Subtraction of Decimals

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals bull Write the smaller number under the larger one in column form in such a way that the

decimals points of both the numbers are in the same column and the digits of the same

place lie in the same column bull Subtract as we do Im case of whole numbers

Related Questions-

Add the following--

a) 16 87 095 68 and 777 b) 125 1447 56 and 2146

Subtract

a) 1479 from 7243 b) 6732 from 9001

Take out 5746 from 91

What is to be added to 6358 to get 92

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutube5sbXpfJQSN8

httpyoutubejoF4sYmuC88

PPT LINKS

httpsyoutube5udpHfBlGxs

DAY-4

bull Multiplication of decimals-

Multiplication of a Decimal by 10 100 1000 etc

Page 5 of 8

On multiplying by 10 100 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the right by one two three places and so

on

Multiplication of a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Multiply the decimal without the decimal point by a given whole number

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product to have as many places of decimal as in the given decimal

Multiplication of a Decimal by a Decimal

Step 1 Multiply the two decimals without the decimal point just like whole numbers

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product in such s way that the number of decimal places in the product

is equal to the sum of the decimal places in the given decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

httpyoutube3H9DYeR5Wmg

Related Questions

1 Multiply 0086 by 076

2 Find the product of 047 times 53 times 006

3 If the cost of a pen is ₹ 2850 Find the cost of 48 such pens

4 A taxi driver charges ₹ 980 per km How much will he charge for a journey of 1065 km

DAY-5 Division of decimals

Page 6 of 8

Dividing a Decimal by 10 1001000 etc

Rules i) On dividing a Decimal by 10 the decimal point is shifted to the left by one place

ii) On dividing a Decimal by 100 the decimal point is shifted to the left by two places

iii) On dividing a Decimal by 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the left by three places and so on

Dividing a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Perform the division by considering the dividend a whole number

Step 2 When the division of whole number part of the dividend is completeput the

decimal point in the quotient and proceed with the decision as in case of whole

numbers

Related Questions

Divide the following

a) 168 by 12 b) 0567 by 9

A bowler took 15 wickets for 321 runsWhat is his average score per wicket

A car covers a distance of 1089km in 18 hours What is the average speed of

the car

VIDEO-LINKS httpyoutubeHdU_rf7eMTI

Exercise

bull Solve the following

a) add ( 238 2367 68 and 006)

b) Subtract 13486 from 22

c) 08 times 89 times 26

Page 7 of 8

d) 111times 12times 012

e)1646divide 20

bull What should be added to 206 to get 31

bull What should be subtracted from 01 to get 04

bull The product of two decimals is 1824 If one of them is 064 find the other

bull How many pieces of plywood each 045 cm thick are required to make a pile 243m high

bull Each side of a polygon is 29 cm in length and its perimeter is 174cm How many sides does the

polygon have

bull Express in km using decimal

a) 65m b) 3km 5m

bull By how much should 3267 be increased to get 601

bull A tin of oil weighs 168kgWhat is the weight of 45 such tins

bull Divide

a) 1319 by 10

b) 008 by 10

c) 47 by 1000

d) 002 by 100

Mind Map

Page 8 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

SCIENCE

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

CHAPTER- 5 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

DAY-1

NCERT Book Links ndash

Topic- Need for Separation

httpsbyjuscomncert-books-class-6-science

Teaching Notes ndash

Introduction-

In nature we find that most substances are mixed with other substances forming mixtures The

substances or components in the mixture may be undesirable or even harmful to humans health

Often you might have seen your mother cleaning rice grains and pulses before cooking Cleaning

is done to remove stones insects and eggs etc from the items to be cooked Also these items

are washed with water to remove dust and other small particles which cannot be removed by

hand

In this chapter we will learn about the different methods used to separate substances from a

mixture and for cleaning of food

Pure Substances Many substances around us contain only one type of constituent particles

Elements and compounds are pure substances Some of the pure substances are iron copper

water salt etc

Impure Substances Substances containing more than one type of constituent particles are

called impure substances Some of the impure substances are pond water milk etc

Page 1 of 24

Impurities These are the unwanted particles present in a substance making it impure

Mixtures Substances which contain more than one component mixed in any ratio are called

mixtures For example air is a mixture of many gases like nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide

dust particles etc

Homogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which the particles of the substances present cannot

be seen are called homogeneous mixtures For example solution of sugar and water air cold

drinks etc

Heterogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which particles of the substances present can be

seen easily are called heterogeneous mixtures For example water in oil dust in air

Page 2 of 24

Need for Separation We carry out the separation of the components of a mixture or an

impure substance with the following purposes

bull To remove the un useful or harmful component

bull To obtain the useful component

bull To remove impurities for getting a pure sample

Principle of separation

bull The substances present in a mixture retain their original properties like particle size

density melting point boiling point volatility etc

bull We use the difference in any one of these properties in the components of a mixture to

separate them

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutube41YfP2Ly-ew

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is mixture

2 Differentiate between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

3 Why there is need of separation

DAY-2

Teaching Notes ndash

Methods of Separation

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 3 of 24

The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

Page 4 of 24

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 3 of 8

httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk

httpsyoutubedo_IbHId2Os

Related Questions-

bull Convert each of the following into a fraction in its simplest form-

a) 08 b) 006

bull Convert each of the following as a mixed fraction

a) 56 b)6004

bull Convert the following into like decimals-

65 1604 0274 1194

bull Arrange the following decimals into ascending order

a) 46 74 458 732 406 b) 05 55 505 005 555

bull Express 45 mm in cm m and km

DAY-3 TEACHING MATERIAL

Addition and Subtraction of Decimals

Method

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals

bull Write the addends one under the other in column form keeping points of all the addends in the same

column and the digits of the same place in the same column

bull Add as in the case of whole numbers

bull In the sum put the decimal point directly under decimal points in the addends

Page 4 of 8

Subtraction of Decimals

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals bull Write the smaller number under the larger one in column form in such a way that the

decimals points of both the numbers are in the same column and the digits of the same

place lie in the same column bull Subtract as we do Im case of whole numbers

Related Questions-

Add the following--

a) 16 87 095 68 and 777 b) 125 1447 56 and 2146

Subtract

a) 1479 from 7243 b) 6732 from 9001

Take out 5746 from 91

What is to be added to 6358 to get 92

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutube5sbXpfJQSN8

httpyoutubejoF4sYmuC88

PPT LINKS

httpsyoutube5udpHfBlGxs

DAY-4

bull Multiplication of decimals-

Multiplication of a Decimal by 10 100 1000 etc

Page 5 of 8

On multiplying by 10 100 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the right by one two three places and so

on

Multiplication of a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Multiply the decimal without the decimal point by a given whole number

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product to have as many places of decimal as in the given decimal

Multiplication of a Decimal by a Decimal

Step 1 Multiply the two decimals without the decimal point just like whole numbers

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product in such s way that the number of decimal places in the product

is equal to the sum of the decimal places in the given decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

httpyoutube3H9DYeR5Wmg

Related Questions

1 Multiply 0086 by 076

2 Find the product of 047 times 53 times 006

3 If the cost of a pen is ₹ 2850 Find the cost of 48 such pens

4 A taxi driver charges ₹ 980 per km How much will he charge for a journey of 1065 km

DAY-5 Division of decimals

Page 6 of 8

Dividing a Decimal by 10 1001000 etc

Rules i) On dividing a Decimal by 10 the decimal point is shifted to the left by one place

ii) On dividing a Decimal by 100 the decimal point is shifted to the left by two places

iii) On dividing a Decimal by 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the left by three places and so on

Dividing a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Perform the division by considering the dividend a whole number

Step 2 When the division of whole number part of the dividend is completeput the

decimal point in the quotient and proceed with the decision as in case of whole

numbers

Related Questions

Divide the following

a) 168 by 12 b) 0567 by 9

A bowler took 15 wickets for 321 runsWhat is his average score per wicket

A car covers a distance of 1089km in 18 hours What is the average speed of

the car

VIDEO-LINKS httpyoutubeHdU_rf7eMTI

Exercise

bull Solve the following

a) add ( 238 2367 68 and 006)

b) Subtract 13486 from 22

c) 08 times 89 times 26

Page 7 of 8

d) 111times 12times 012

e)1646divide 20

bull What should be added to 206 to get 31

bull What should be subtracted from 01 to get 04

bull The product of two decimals is 1824 If one of them is 064 find the other

bull How many pieces of plywood each 045 cm thick are required to make a pile 243m high

bull Each side of a polygon is 29 cm in length and its perimeter is 174cm How many sides does the

polygon have

bull Express in km using decimal

a) 65m b) 3km 5m

bull By how much should 3267 be increased to get 601

bull A tin of oil weighs 168kgWhat is the weight of 45 such tins

bull Divide

a) 1319 by 10

b) 008 by 10

c) 47 by 1000

d) 002 by 100

Mind Map

Page 8 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

SCIENCE

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

CHAPTER- 5 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

DAY-1

NCERT Book Links ndash

Topic- Need for Separation

httpsbyjuscomncert-books-class-6-science

Teaching Notes ndash

Introduction-

In nature we find that most substances are mixed with other substances forming mixtures The

substances or components in the mixture may be undesirable or even harmful to humans health

Often you might have seen your mother cleaning rice grains and pulses before cooking Cleaning

is done to remove stones insects and eggs etc from the items to be cooked Also these items

are washed with water to remove dust and other small particles which cannot be removed by

hand

In this chapter we will learn about the different methods used to separate substances from a

mixture and for cleaning of food

Pure Substances Many substances around us contain only one type of constituent particles

Elements and compounds are pure substances Some of the pure substances are iron copper

water salt etc

Impure Substances Substances containing more than one type of constituent particles are

called impure substances Some of the impure substances are pond water milk etc

Page 1 of 24

Impurities These are the unwanted particles present in a substance making it impure

Mixtures Substances which contain more than one component mixed in any ratio are called

mixtures For example air is a mixture of many gases like nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide

dust particles etc

Homogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which the particles of the substances present cannot

be seen are called homogeneous mixtures For example solution of sugar and water air cold

drinks etc

Heterogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which particles of the substances present can be

seen easily are called heterogeneous mixtures For example water in oil dust in air

Page 2 of 24

Need for Separation We carry out the separation of the components of a mixture or an

impure substance with the following purposes

bull To remove the un useful or harmful component

bull To obtain the useful component

bull To remove impurities for getting a pure sample

Principle of separation

bull The substances present in a mixture retain their original properties like particle size

density melting point boiling point volatility etc

bull We use the difference in any one of these properties in the components of a mixture to

separate them

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutube41YfP2Ly-ew

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is mixture

2 Differentiate between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

3 Why there is need of separation

DAY-2

Teaching Notes ndash

Methods of Separation

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 3 of 24

The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

Page 4 of 24

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 4 of 8

Subtraction of Decimals

bull Convert the given decimals into like decimals bull Write the smaller number under the larger one in column form in such a way that the

decimals points of both the numbers are in the same column and the digits of the same

place lie in the same column bull Subtract as we do Im case of whole numbers

Related Questions-

Add the following--

a) 16 87 095 68 and 777 b) 125 1447 56 and 2146

Subtract

a) 1479 from 7243 b) 6732 from 9001

Take out 5746 from 91

What is to be added to 6358 to get 92

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutube5sbXpfJQSN8

httpyoutubejoF4sYmuC88

PPT LINKS

httpsyoutube5udpHfBlGxs

DAY-4

bull Multiplication of decimals-

Multiplication of a Decimal by 10 100 1000 etc

Page 5 of 8

On multiplying by 10 100 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the right by one two three places and so

on

Multiplication of a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Multiply the decimal without the decimal point by a given whole number

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product to have as many places of decimal as in the given decimal

Multiplication of a Decimal by a Decimal

Step 1 Multiply the two decimals without the decimal point just like whole numbers

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product in such s way that the number of decimal places in the product

is equal to the sum of the decimal places in the given decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

httpyoutube3H9DYeR5Wmg

Related Questions

1 Multiply 0086 by 076

2 Find the product of 047 times 53 times 006

3 If the cost of a pen is ₹ 2850 Find the cost of 48 such pens

4 A taxi driver charges ₹ 980 per km How much will he charge for a journey of 1065 km

DAY-5 Division of decimals

Page 6 of 8

Dividing a Decimal by 10 1001000 etc

Rules i) On dividing a Decimal by 10 the decimal point is shifted to the left by one place

ii) On dividing a Decimal by 100 the decimal point is shifted to the left by two places

iii) On dividing a Decimal by 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the left by three places and so on

Dividing a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Perform the division by considering the dividend a whole number

Step 2 When the division of whole number part of the dividend is completeput the

decimal point in the quotient and proceed with the decision as in case of whole

numbers

Related Questions

Divide the following

a) 168 by 12 b) 0567 by 9

A bowler took 15 wickets for 321 runsWhat is his average score per wicket

A car covers a distance of 1089km in 18 hours What is the average speed of

the car

VIDEO-LINKS httpyoutubeHdU_rf7eMTI

Exercise

bull Solve the following

a) add ( 238 2367 68 and 006)

b) Subtract 13486 from 22

c) 08 times 89 times 26

Page 7 of 8

d) 111times 12times 012

e)1646divide 20

bull What should be added to 206 to get 31

bull What should be subtracted from 01 to get 04

bull The product of two decimals is 1824 If one of them is 064 find the other

bull How many pieces of plywood each 045 cm thick are required to make a pile 243m high

bull Each side of a polygon is 29 cm in length and its perimeter is 174cm How many sides does the

polygon have

bull Express in km using decimal

a) 65m b) 3km 5m

bull By how much should 3267 be increased to get 601

bull A tin of oil weighs 168kgWhat is the weight of 45 such tins

bull Divide

a) 1319 by 10

b) 008 by 10

c) 47 by 1000

d) 002 by 100

Mind Map

Page 8 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

SCIENCE

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

CHAPTER- 5 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

DAY-1

NCERT Book Links ndash

Topic- Need for Separation

httpsbyjuscomncert-books-class-6-science

Teaching Notes ndash

Introduction-

In nature we find that most substances are mixed with other substances forming mixtures The

substances or components in the mixture may be undesirable or even harmful to humans health

Often you might have seen your mother cleaning rice grains and pulses before cooking Cleaning

is done to remove stones insects and eggs etc from the items to be cooked Also these items

are washed with water to remove dust and other small particles which cannot be removed by

hand

In this chapter we will learn about the different methods used to separate substances from a

mixture and for cleaning of food

Pure Substances Many substances around us contain only one type of constituent particles

Elements and compounds are pure substances Some of the pure substances are iron copper

water salt etc

Impure Substances Substances containing more than one type of constituent particles are

called impure substances Some of the impure substances are pond water milk etc

Page 1 of 24

Impurities These are the unwanted particles present in a substance making it impure

Mixtures Substances which contain more than one component mixed in any ratio are called

mixtures For example air is a mixture of many gases like nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide

dust particles etc

Homogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which the particles of the substances present cannot

be seen are called homogeneous mixtures For example solution of sugar and water air cold

drinks etc

Heterogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which particles of the substances present can be

seen easily are called heterogeneous mixtures For example water in oil dust in air

Page 2 of 24

Need for Separation We carry out the separation of the components of a mixture or an

impure substance with the following purposes

bull To remove the un useful or harmful component

bull To obtain the useful component

bull To remove impurities for getting a pure sample

Principle of separation

bull The substances present in a mixture retain their original properties like particle size

density melting point boiling point volatility etc

bull We use the difference in any one of these properties in the components of a mixture to

separate them

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutube41YfP2Ly-ew

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is mixture

2 Differentiate between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

3 Why there is need of separation

DAY-2

Teaching Notes ndash

Methods of Separation

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 3 of 24

The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

Page 4 of 24

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 5 of 8

On multiplying by 10 100 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the right by one two three places and so

on

Multiplication of a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Multiply the decimal without the decimal point by a given whole number

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product to have as many places of decimal as in the given decimal

Multiplication of a Decimal by a Decimal

Step 1 Multiply the two decimals without the decimal point just like whole numbers

Step 2 Mark the decimal point in the product in such s way that the number of decimal places in the product

is equal to the sum of the decimal places in the given decimals

VIDEO-LINKS

httpyoutube3H9DYeR5Wmg

Related Questions

1 Multiply 0086 by 076

2 Find the product of 047 times 53 times 006

3 If the cost of a pen is ₹ 2850 Find the cost of 48 such pens

4 A taxi driver charges ₹ 980 per km How much will he charge for a journey of 1065 km

DAY-5 Division of decimals

Page 6 of 8

Dividing a Decimal by 10 1001000 etc

Rules i) On dividing a Decimal by 10 the decimal point is shifted to the left by one place

ii) On dividing a Decimal by 100 the decimal point is shifted to the left by two places

iii) On dividing a Decimal by 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the left by three places and so on

Dividing a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Perform the division by considering the dividend a whole number

Step 2 When the division of whole number part of the dividend is completeput the

decimal point in the quotient and proceed with the decision as in case of whole

numbers

Related Questions

Divide the following

a) 168 by 12 b) 0567 by 9

A bowler took 15 wickets for 321 runsWhat is his average score per wicket

A car covers a distance of 1089km in 18 hours What is the average speed of

the car

VIDEO-LINKS httpyoutubeHdU_rf7eMTI

Exercise

bull Solve the following

a) add ( 238 2367 68 and 006)

b) Subtract 13486 from 22

c) 08 times 89 times 26

Page 7 of 8

d) 111times 12times 012

e)1646divide 20

bull What should be added to 206 to get 31

bull What should be subtracted from 01 to get 04

bull The product of two decimals is 1824 If one of them is 064 find the other

bull How many pieces of plywood each 045 cm thick are required to make a pile 243m high

bull Each side of a polygon is 29 cm in length and its perimeter is 174cm How many sides does the

polygon have

bull Express in km using decimal

a) 65m b) 3km 5m

bull By how much should 3267 be increased to get 601

bull A tin of oil weighs 168kgWhat is the weight of 45 such tins

bull Divide

a) 1319 by 10

b) 008 by 10

c) 47 by 1000

d) 002 by 100

Mind Map

Page 8 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

SCIENCE

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

CHAPTER- 5 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

DAY-1

NCERT Book Links ndash

Topic- Need for Separation

httpsbyjuscomncert-books-class-6-science

Teaching Notes ndash

Introduction-

In nature we find that most substances are mixed with other substances forming mixtures The

substances or components in the mixture may be undesirable or even harmful to humans health

Often you might have seen your mother cleaning rice grains and pulses before cooking Cleaning

is done to remove stones insects and eggs etc from the items to be cooked Also these items

are washed with water to remove dust and other small particles which cannot be removed by

hand

In this chapter we will learn about the different methods used to separate substances from a

mixture and for cleaning of food

Pure Substances Many substances around us contain only one type of constituent particles

Elements and compounds are pure substances Some of the pure substances are iron copper

water salt etc

Impure Substances Substances containing more than one type of constituent particles are

called impure substances Some of the impure substances are pond water milk etc

Page 1 of 24

Impurities These are the unwanted particles present in a substance making it impure

Mixtures Substances which contain more than one component mixed in any ratio are called

mixtures For example air is a mixture of many gases like nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide

dust particles etc

Homogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which the particles of the substances present cannot

be seen are called homogeneous mixtures For example solution of sugar and water air cold

drinks etc

Heterogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which particles of the substances present can be

seen easily are called heterogeneous mixtures For example water in oil dust in air

Page 2 of 24

Need for Separation We carry out the separation of the components of a mixture or an

impure substance with the following purposes

bull To remove the un useful or harmful component

bull To obtain the useful component

bull To remove impurities for getting a pure sample

Principle of separation

bull The substances present in a mixture retain their original properties like particle size

density melting point boiling point volatility etc

bull We use the difference in any one of these properties in the components of a mixture to

separate them

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutube41YfP2Ly-ew

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is mixture

2 Differentiate between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

3 Why there is need of separation

DAY-2

Teaching Notes ndash

Methods of Separation

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 3 of 24

The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

Page 4 of 24

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 6 of 8

Dividing a Decimal by 10 1001000 etc

Rules i) On dividing a Decimal by 10 the decimal point is shifted to the left by one place

ii) On dividing a Decimal by 100 the decimal point is shifted to the left by two places

iii) On dividing a Decimal by 1000 the decimal point is shifted to the left by three places and so on

Dividing a Decimal by a whole number

Step 1 Perform the division by considering the dividend a whole number

Step 2 When the division of whole number part of the dividend is completeput the

decimal point in the quotient and proceed with the decision as in case of whole

numbers

Related Questions

Divide the following

a) 168 by 12 b) 0567 by 9

A bowler took 15 wickets for 321 runsWhat is his average score per wicket

A car covers a distance of 1089km in 18 hours What is the average speed of

the car

VIDEO-LINKS httpyoutubeHdU_rf7eMTI

Exercise

bull Solve the following

a) add ( 238 2367 68 and 006)

b) Subtract 13486 from 22

c) 08 times 89 times 26

Page 7 of 8

d) 111times 12times 012

e)1646divide 20

bull What should be added to 206 to get 31

bull What should be subtracted from 01 to get 04

bull The product of two decimals is 1824 If one of them is 064 find the other

bull How many pieces of plywood each 045 cm thick are required to make a pile 243m high

bull Each side of a polygon is 29 cm in length and its perimeter is 174cm How many sides does the

polygon have

bull Express in km using decimal

a) 65m b) 3km 5m

bull By how much should 3267 be increased to get 601

bull A tin of oil weighs 168kgWhat is the weight of 45 such tins

bull Divide

a) 1319 by 10

b) 008 by 10

c) 47 by 1000

d) 002 by 100

Mind Map

Page 8 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

SCIENCE

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

CHAPTER- 5 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

DAY-1

NCERT Book Links ndash

Topic- Need for Separation

httpsbyjuscomncert-books-class-6-science

Teaching Notes ndash

Introduction-

In nature we find that most substances are mixed with other substances forming mixtures The

substances or components in the mixture may be undesirable or even harmful to humans health

Often you might have seen your mother cleaning rice grains and pulses before cooking Cleaning

is done to remove stones insects and eggs etc from the items to be cooked Also these items

are washed with water to remove dust and other small particles which cannot be removed by

hand

In this chapter we will learn about the different methods used to separate substances from a

mixture and for cleaning of food

Pure Substances Many substances around us contain only one type of constituent particles

Elements and compounds are pure substances Some of the pure substances are iron copper

water salt etc

Impure Substances Substances containing more than one type of constituent particles are

called impure substances Some of the impure substances are pond water milk etc

Page 1 of 24

Impurities These are the unwanted particles present in a substance making it impure

Mixtures Substances which contain more than one component mixed in any ratio are called

mixtures For example air is a mixture of many gases like nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide

dust particles etc

Homogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which the particles of the substances present cannot

be seen are called homogeneous mixtures For example solution of sugar and water air cold

drinks etc

Heterogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which particles of the substances present can be

seen easily are called heterogeneous mixtures For example water in oil dust in air

Page 2 of 24

Need for Separation We carry out the separation of the components of a mixture or an

impure substance with the following purposes

bull To remove the un useful or harmful component

bull To obtain the useful component

bull To remove impurities for getting a pure sample

Principle of separation

bull The substances present in a mixture retain their original properties like particle size

density melting point boiling point volatility etc

bull We use the difference in any one of these properties in the components of a mixture to

separate them

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutube41YfP2Ly-ew

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is mixture

2 Differentiate between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

3 Why there is need of separation

DAY-2

Teaching Notes ndash

Methods of Separation

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 3 of 24

The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

Page 4 of 24

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 7 of 8

d) 111times 12times 012

e)1646divide 20

bull What should be added to 206 to get 31

bull What should be subtracted from 01 to get 04

bull The product of two decimals is 1824 If one of them is 064 find the other

bull How many pieces of plywood each 045 cm thick are required to make a pile 243m high

bull Each side of a polygon is 29 cm in length and its perimeter is 174cm How many sides does the

polygon have

bull Express in km using decimal

a) 65m b) 3km 5m

bull By how much should 3267 be increased to get 601

bull A tin of oil weighs 168kgWhat is the weight of 45 such tins

bull Divide

a) 1319 by 10

b) 008 by 10

c) 47 by 1000

d) 002 by 100

Mind Map

Page 8 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

SCIENCE

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

CHAPTER- 5 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

DAY-1

NCERT Book Links ndash

Topic- Need for Separation

httpsbyjuscomncert-books-class-6-science

Teaching Notes ndash

Introduction-

In nature we find that most substances are mixed with other substances forming mixtures The

substances or components in the mixture may be undesirable or even harmful to humans health

Often you might have seen your mother cleaning rice grains and pulses before cooking Cleaning

is done to remove stones insects and eggs etc from the items to be cooked Also these items

are washed with water to remove dust and other small particles which cannot be removed by

hand

In this chapter we will learn about the different methods used to separate substances from a

mixture and for cleaning of food

Pure Substances Many substances around us contain only one type of constituent particles

Elements and compounds are pure substances Some of the pure substances are iron copper

water salt etc

Impure Substances Substances containing more than one type of constituent particles are

called impure substances Some of the impure substances are pond water milk etc

Page 1 of 24

Impurities These are the unwanted particles present in a substance making it impure

Mixtures Substances which contain more than one component mixed in any ratio are called

mixtures For example air is a mixture of many gases like nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide

dust particles etc

Homogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which the particles of the substances present cannot

be seen are called homogeneous mixtures For example solution of sugar and water air cold

drinks etc

Heterogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which particles of the substances present can be

seen easily are called heterogeneous mixtures For example water in oil dust in air

Page 2 of 24

Need for Separation We carry out the separation of the components of a mixture or an

impure substance with the following purposes

bull To remove the un useful or harmful component

bull To obtain the useful component

bull To remove impurities for getting a pure sample

Principle of separation

bull The substances present in a mixture retain their original properties like particle size

density melting point boiling point volatility etc

bull We use the difference in any one of these properties in the components of a mixture to

separate them

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutube41YfP2Ly-ew

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is mixture

2 Differentiate between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

3 Why there is need of separation

DAY-2

Teaching Notes ndash

Methods of Separation

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 3 of 24

The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

Page 4 of 24

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 8 of 8

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

SCIENCE

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

CHAPTER- 5 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

DAY-1

NCERT Book Links ndash

Topic- Need for Separation

httpsbyjuscomncert-books-class-6-science

Teaching Notes ndash

Introduction-

In nature we find that most substances are mixed with other substances forming mixtures The

substances or components in the mixture may be undesirable or even harmful to humans health

Often you might have seen your mother cleaning rice grains and pulses before cooking Cleaning

is done to remove stones insects and eggs etc from the items to be cooked Also these items

are washed with water to remove dust and other small particles which cannot be removed by

hand

In this chapter we will learn about the different methods used to separate substances from a

mixture and for cleaning of food

Pure Substances Many substances around us contain only one type of constituent particles

Elements and compounds are pure substances Some of the pure substances are iron copper

water salt etc

Impure Substances Substances containing more than one type of constituent particles are

called impure substances Some of the impure substances are pond water milk etc

Page 1 of 24

Impurities These are the unwanted particles present in a substance making it impure

Mixtures Substances which contain more than one component mixed in any ratio are called

mixtures For example air is a mixture of many gases like nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide

dust particles etc

Homogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which the particles of the substances present cannot

be seen are called homogeneous mixtures For example solution of sugar and water air cold

drinks etc

Heterogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which particles of the substances present can be

seen easily are called heterogeneous mixtures For example water in oil dust in air

Page 2 of 24

Need for Separation We carry out the separation of the components of a mixture or an

impure substance with the following purposes

bull To remove the un useful or harmful component

bull To obtain the useful component

bull To remove impurities for getting a pure sample

Principle of separation

bull The substances present in a mixture retain their original properties like particle size

density melting point boiling point volatility etc

bull We use the difference in any one of these properties in the components of a mixture to

separate them

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutube41YfP2Ly-ew

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is mixture

2 Differentiate between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

3 Why there is need of separation

DAY-2

Teaching Notes ndash

Methods of Separation

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 3 of 24

The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

Page 4 of 24

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL

SCIENCE

SESSION-2021-22

CLASS-VI

CHAPTER- 5 SEPARATION OF SUBSTANCES

DAY-1

NCERT Book Links ndash

Topic- Need for Separation

httpsbyjuscomncert-books-class-6-science

Teaching Notes ndash

Introduction-

In nature we find that most substances are mixed with other substances forming mixtures The

substances or components in the mixture may be undesirable or even harmful to humans health

Often you might have seen your mother cleaning rice grains and pulses before cooking Cleaning

is done to remove stones insects and eggs etc from the items to be cooked Also these items

are washed with water to remove dust and other small particles which cannot be removed by

hand

In this chapter we will learn about the different methods used to separate substances from a

mixture and for cleaning of food

Pure Substances Many substances around us contain only one type of constituent particles

Elements and compounds are pure substances Some of the pure substances are iron copper

water salt etc

Impure Substances Substances containing more than one type of constituent particles are

called impure substances Some of the impure substances are pond water milk etc

Page 1 of 24

Impurities These are the unwanted particles present in a substance making it impure

Mixtures Substances which contain more than one component mixed in any ratio are called

mixtures For example air is a mixture of many gases like nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide

dust particles etc

Homogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which the particles of the substances present cannot

be seen are called homogeneous mixtures For example solution of sugar and water air cold

drinks etc

Heterogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which particles of the substances present can be

seen easily are called heterogeneous mixtures For example water in oil dust in air

Page 2 of 24

Need for Separation We carry out the separation of the components of a mixture or an

impure substance with the following purposes

bull To remove the un useful or harmful component

bull To obtain the useful component

bull To remove impurities for getting a pure sample

Principle of separation

bull The substances present in a mixture retain their original properties like particle size

density melting point boiling point volatility etc

bull We use the difference in any one of these properties in the components of a mixture to

separate them

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutube41YfP2Ly-ew

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is mixture

2 Differentiate between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

3 Why there is need of separation

DAY-2

Teaching Notes ndash

Methods of Separation

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 3 of 24

The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

Page 4 of 24

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Impurities These are the unwanted particles present in a substance making it impure

Mixtures Substances which contain more than one component mixed in any ratio are called

mixtures For example air is a mixture of many gases like nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide

dust particles etc

Homogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which the particles of the substances present cannot

be seen are called homogeneous mixtures For example solution of sugar and water air cold

drinks etc

Heterogeneous Mixtures The mixtures in which particles of the substances present can be

seen easily are called heterogeneous mixtures For example water in oil dust in air

Page 2 of 24

Need for Separation We carry out the separation of the components of a mixture or an

impure substance with the following purposes

bull To remove the un useful or harmful component

bull To obtain the useful component

bull To remove impurities for getting a pure sample

Principle of separation

bull The substances present in a mixture retain their original properties like particle size

density melting point boiling point volatility etc

bull We use the difference in any one of these properties in the components of a mixture to

separate them

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutube41YfP2Ly-ew

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is mixture

2 Differentiate between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

3 Why there is need of separation

DAY-2

Teaching Notes ndash

Methods of Separation

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 3 of 24

The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

Page 4 of 24

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Need for Separation We carry out the separation of the components of a mixture or an

impure substance with the following purposes

bull To remove the un useful or harmful component

bull To obtain the useful component

bull To remove impurities for getting a pure sample

Principle of separation

bull The substances present in a mixture retain their original properties like particle size

density melting point boiling point volatility etc

bull We use the difference in any one of these properties in the components of a mixture to

separate them

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutube41YfP2Ly-ew

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is mixture

2 Differentiate between homogeneous mixture and heterogeneous mixture

3 Why there is need of separation

DAY-2

Teaching Notes ndash

Methods of Separation

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 3 of 24

The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

Page 4 of 24

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

The methods of separation depends on the constituents or components of a mixture A mixture

as you know contains two or more substances In some mixtures the components or substances

can be seen easily In some cases the components of a mixture cannot be seen The methods of

separation differs and depends upon the components of the mixture The size of particles is an

important basis for the separation of substances Handpicking winnowing sieving magnetic

separation sedimentation decantation loading filtration evaporation

sublimation distillation churning etc are some common methods of separation

Separation of Solids from other Solids-

1 Threshing-

Have you ever visited a wheat or paddy field after the crop has been harvested Harvesting

means cutting the crops from the field The grains are attached to their stalks which are put

together in bundles

The process of separating grains from the stocks is called threshing

Threshing can be done in the following three ways

bull By beating the stalks with sticks on the ground

bull By allowing animals like bullocks to trample the stalks

bull By using machines

Page 4 of 24

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

2 Winnowing-

Fig Threshing

Winnowing is a method used to separate lighter components of a mixture from the heavier

ones by wind or by blowing air

It is used by farmers to separate husk from grains

Husk particles are lighter than grains While winnowing the husk particles are carried away

by wind The heavier grains fall near the place of winnowing

Husk is useful component It is used as fodder

3 Handpicking-

Suppose you are given a basket of fruits containing mangoes apples and bananas How will

you separate these fruits It is easy to separate these fruits by Handpicking ie picking by

hand Similarly you would have seen your mother cleaning dal or rice before cooking What

is she trying to do She is removing the undesirable substances like pieces of stones and broken

grains by Handpicking

Handpicking- is the practice of separating undesirable solid substances or impurities from

useful solids by hand

This method is used in three situations when

bull The quantity of the mixture is not very large

bull The undesirable substances differ from the useful ones in shape size or colour

Page 5 of 24

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

bull The undesirable substances are present in small quantities

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

Fig Handpicking

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is threshing

2 In which conditions we can use Handpicking

DAY-3

Topic- Methods of Separation

Page 6 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Teaching Notes ndash

4 Sieving-

You must have been seen sieves being used at construction sites to separate stones and pebbles

from sand You would have also seen sieves being used at home Your mother separates the

bigger particles in wheat flour by sieving

Sieving is a method used to separate the components of a mixture which are of different sizes

The fine components pass through the sieve and the bigger components remain on the sieve

For separating bigger particles in wheat flour a sieve with fine pores is used

Page 7 of 24

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Fig Sieving the flour

At construction sites a sieve with bigger pores is used

Fig Sieving

Separation of Insoluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Sedimentation and Decantation-

Have you ever wondered why your mother soaks rice grains in water before cooking them

She does this to separate the insoluble solids like tiny pieces of straw dirt insects etc from

the rice grains

In this case the rice grains being heavier settle at the bottom and can be separated by

sedimentation followed by decantation

Sedimentation is a process in which heavier particles of an insoluble solid in a liquid settle

down

The solid particles called sediments settle down during sedimentation forming a layer

Page 8 of 24

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Decantation is the process of pouring out the liquid or water(which contains the dust or soil

particles) without disturbing the sediment

2 Filtration-

The process by which two substances (an insoluble solid and a liquid) are separated by using

a filter is called filtration

It is commonly used method in our homes How do we serve tea After preparing tea we

separate tea leaves (solid) from the tea ( a liquid) by using a strainer The strainer acts as a

filter

Some other examples where filtration is used

bull Removing pulp from fresh fruit juice

bull Preparing cottage cheese (paneer) at home

bull Cleaning muddy water

Page 9 of 24

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubel8UgGlSj9J0

httpsyoutubesBCLafMPVt8

Fig Filtration

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 10 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Assignments ndash

1 How we can separate insoluble solids from liquids

2 What is sieving

DAY-4

Teaching Notes ndash

Loading-

Topic- Loading

Sometimes the water fest from a river lake or pond is muddy due to the presence of find clay

particles suspended in at This suspended play particles are very small and take a long time to

settle down on their own The settling down of suspended clay particles of muddy water can

be made faster by the process of loading

Loading is the process in which alum particles are deposited on suspended clay particles of

muddy water to make them heavy and settle down rapidly

Page 11 of 24

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Fig Loading

Application of methods of Separation-obtaining drinking water-

Tap water supplied to our homes is first cleaned in the waterworks

The process used are as follows

bull Sedimentation and decantation is first done to remove large particles of solid impurities

bull Alum is then added to the water to separate the smaller particles by loading

bull The water is then filtered by passing it through sand filters

bull Germs are killed by adding chlorine to the water

Fig Purification of water in the waterworks

Separation of Soluble Solids from Liquids-

1 Evaporation-

The process of converting a liquid into its vapour form is called evaporation

In this process heat is used As a result the liquid component evaporates leaving the solid

component behind However if we want to recover the liquid component then we can use the

process of condensation

Salt is obtained from sea water by evaporation Sea water is allowed to stand in shallow ponds

Water gets heated due to sunlight and slowly turns into vapour Salt is left behind But we do

not consume it as it is It is purified before consumption

Page 12 of 24

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

2 Condensation-

Fig Obtaining salt from sea water

The process of conversion of water vapour into its liquid form is called condensation

3 Distillation-

Distillation is a method of obtaining pure liquid from a solution The solution is heated so that

the liquid evaporates The vapour are then cooled They condense to give the pure liquid

Page 13 of 24

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Fig Distillation

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubehp8H54gMK6Q

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Assignments ndash

1 What is loading

2 Explain the process of distillation

DAY-5

Page 14 of 24

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Teaching Notes ndash

Separating Liquids-

Topic- Separating Liquids

A separating funnel is used to separate a mixture of two immiscible liquids It has a stopper

which can be used to drain out the liquid at the bottom

Fig Separation of two immiscible liquid using Separating Funnel

Separating Miscible Liquids-

Two miscible liquids that have different boiling points for example water and alcohol can be

separated by a process called fractional distillation The mixture of water and alcohol is

heated to the boiling point of alcohol which is lower than the boiling point of water The

alcohol evaporates and is collected by condensation The water remains in the flask

Separation using more than one method-

Page 15 of 24

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

What will you do if you are given a mixture of sand salt and water How will you separate

these

We will have to use more than one method First we will separate sand from the mixture using

either decantation and filtration Then we will use evaporation and condensation to separate

salt and water

Solubility-

A solution in chemistry is a homogenous mixture of two or more substances

The substance which is dissolved is called a solute

The substance in which the solute is dissolved is called a solvent

A solvent and solute together form a solution

Importance of water as a solvent-

It is because of its property of dissolving a large number of substances that water is so essential

for life Our body cannot absorb food substances unless they are soluble in water In the process

of digestion food is reduced to simple substances that are soluble in water They can then be

dissolved in water and absorbed by the body Several waste materials produced in the body are

dissolved in water and excreted A number of chemical reactions occur inside our body They

all occur in the presence of water

Plants can absorb nutrients from the soil only if they are soluble in water gases such as Oxygen

and Carbon dioxide which are soluble in water are important for survival of aquatic life The

solubility of gases in water decreases with increase in temperature Thus dissolved gases

escape from water when it is heated

Video Link ndash

httpsyoutubeOODtddN9jvA

PPT Link ndash

httpswwwslidesharenetmobile9818345630separation-of-substances-14619967

Page 16 of 24

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Assignments ndash

1 Mention few importance of water

2 How can we separate a mixture containing sand salt and water

Exercise-

Short answer type questions-

Question 1

You are given a sample of water How will you find out whether it is pure or not

ANSWER

To find out if water is pure or not we can measure the boiling point of the sample If the

sample boils at 100 oC then the water is pure

Question 2

What is the principle used in the separation of mixtures

ANSWER

The principle used in the separation of a mixture employs a special property of one of the

components of the mixture For example iron pieces mixed with sand can be separated using

a magnet as iron gets attracted towards the magnet

Question 3

To use a sieve to separate sand and rice seeds what should be the size of the holes of the

sieve in comparison to the size of sand particles and rice seeds

ANSWER

Page 17 of 24

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

To separate sand from rice seeds the holes in the sieve must be larger than the sand particles

and smaller than the rice seeds so that sand particles can easily pass through the sieves

leaving behind the rice seeds

Question 4

Which property of a filter paper is used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

ANSWER

An insoluble solid can be separated from a liquid using a filter paper as the filter paper

allows the liquid to pass through it while the solid will not pass through the filter paper

Question 5

We always talk about a saturated solution at a certain temperature Why is the temperature

specified

ANSWER

The solubility of a solid in a solution increases with increasing temperature If the

temperature of a saturated solution is increased the solution will become unsaturated Thus

the temperature plays an important role in specifying whether a solution is saturated or not

Question 6

Under which condition can handpicking be used to separate the constituents of mixture

ANSWER

Page 18 of 24

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Handpicking can be used to separate the constituents of a mixture only when the constituents

of the mixture are easily visible and can be separated For example stones can be separated

from rice by handpicking

Question 7

Why are objects at a distance seen more clearly after rain

ANSWER

When it rains the dust particles in the air get wet and settle down on the ground As a result

the air is clearer after it rains and objects at a distance are seen more clearly

Question 8

The process of adding alum to water to hasten sedimentation is called loading Why has this

name been given to the process

ANSWER

When alum is added to water it dissolves in water and makes the suspended impurities

heavier making them settle down quickly Therefore the addition of alum is known as

loading

Long answer type questions-

Question 1

What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures Give an example

of each mixture

Page 19 of 24

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

ANSWER

Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture

The components of the

mixture are uniformly

distributed in the mixture

The components of a mixture

are not uniformly distributed

in the mixture

Example Salt dissolved in

water is a homogeneous

mixture

Example Iron filings mixed in

sand is a heterogeneous

mixture

Question 2

List three properties of mixtures

ANSWER

Following are the properties of mixtures

1 The constituents of a mixture may be present in any ratio

2 The constituents of a mixture retain their individual properties The molecules of the

constituents do not change For example when iron and sulphur are mixed together

their properties do not change

3 Constituents of a mixture can be separated easily For example stones in rice can be

separated easily by visual observation

Question 3

Give two situations where it is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents

ANSWER

Page 20 of 24

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

It is necessary to separate a mixture into its constituents for the following situations

1 Removing undesirable constituents For example it is desirable to remove small

stones in rice or separating tea leaves from tea

2 To obtain useful substances Butter is obtained by churning curds In the same way

crude oil can be separated into various oils such as petrol kerosene diesel etc

Question 4

Draw a labelled diagram to show the arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid and an

insoluble solid

ANSWER

The arrangement used to filter a mixture of a liquid from an insoluble solid is shown below

Question 5

Draw a labelled diagram of the apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

ANSWER

Page 21 of 24

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Diagram of apparatus used to distil out pure water from a solution

Question 6

How will you separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand

ANSWER

To separate a mixture of grass pebbles and sand the first step is to pass the mixture through

a fine filter Sand will pass through the filter leaving grass and the pebbles on the filter

Then we can winnow the grass and the pebbles since they have different weights to separate

them from each other

Question 7

Explain with the help of a diagram how can a mixture of oil and water be separated

ANSWER

Page 22 of 24

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Oil and water can be separated using a separation funnel The experimental set up is shown

in the figure

The mixture of oil and water is poured into the separating funnel and allowed to stand for

some time The oil accumulates at the top of the funnel and water near the bottom as shown

in the figure If the stop cock at the bottom is opened water flows out of the funnel and can

be collected in a beaker If the stop cock is closed when the oil reaches the level of the stop

cock we will have oil in the funnel and water in the beaker

Question 8

Why is water considered as an important solvent

ANSWER

Water is considered an important solvent because

1 Water can dissolve a large number of substances that are important for life

2 Waste products are also dissolved in water before they can be excreted from the body

3 Most of the chemical reactions occurring in the body take place in the presence of

water

Page 23 of 24

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

4 Gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide are soluble in water This makes aquatic life

possible

Page 24 of 24

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page1of6

BISHOPSCOTTBOYSrsquoSCHOOL(AffiliatedtoCBSENewDelhi)AffiliationNo330726SchoolCampusChainpurJaganpuraBy-PassPatna804453PhoneNumber70617177829798903550WebwwwbishopscottboysschoolcomEmailinfobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDYCOURSEMATERIALSOCIALSCIENCE

CLASS-6

TOPICMOTIONSOFTHEEARTH

DAY-1

TEACINGMATERIAL

TheearthundergoestwokindsofmotionsaroundtheSunThesemotionsareveryessentialfortheexistenceoflifeonearthWithoutthesethelifecancometoastandstill

TheEarthhastwotypesofmotionsnamelyrotationandrevolution

RotationisthemovementoftheearthonitsaxisDaysandNightstakeplacebecauseofrotation

RevolutionisthemovementoftheeartharoundtheSuninafixedpathororbitRevolutioncausesthechangeofseasons

OrbitalPlaneandCircleofIllumination

SESSION-2021-22

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page2of6

Theplaneformedbytheorbitisknownastheorbitalplane

Theaxisoftheearthwhichisanimaginarylinehasanangleof withitsorbitalplane

bullThesphericalshapeoftheEarthallowsonlyhalfofthesunlighttocomeatatime

bullTheportionfacingthesunexperiencesdaywhile theotherhalfawayfrom thesunexperiencesnight

Thecirclethatdividesthedayfrom nightontheglobeiscalledthecircleofillumination

bullTheearthtakesabout24hourstocompleteonerotationarounditsaxisTheperiodofrotationisknown

astheEarth-dayThisisthedailymotionoftheearth

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page3of6

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page4of6

VIDEO-LINKS

LINK-1httpsyoutubecDed5eXmngE

AssignmentQ1-DefineRotation

Q2-DefineRevolution

DAY-2

TEACINGMATERIAL

Revolution

(i) Thesecondmotionoftheeartharoundthesuninitsorbitiscalledrevolution

(ii)Ittakes365daysand6hours(oneyear)torevolvearoundthesun

(iii)Weconsiderayearasconsistingof365daysonlyandignore sixhoursforthesakeofconvenience

(iv)Sixhourssavedeveryyeararelikelyto oneday(24hours)overaspanoffouryears

(v)ThissurplusdayisaddedtothemonthofFebruary

(vi)EveryfourthyearFebruaryisof29daysinsteadof28daysThisyearwith366daysiscalledaleap

year

(vii)Theearthgoesaroundthesunbeinginclinedinthesamedirectionthroughouttheyearinan

ellipticalorbit

REVOLUTION

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page5of6

ASSIGNMENT

Q1-Explainleapyear

Q2-Whatisellipticalorbit

VIDEO-LINKS

1- httpsyoutubeI3asljo0ryo2- httpsyoutubeL18-brRutcw

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page6of6

DAY-3

(i)SeasonschangeduetochangeinthepositionoftheeartharoundthesunOn thebasisofchangein

thepositionofEarthayearisdividedintosummerwinterspring andautumn

(iI)On21stJunetheNorthernhemisphereistiltedtowardsthesunTheseareasreceivemoreheat

becausesunraysfalldirectlyontheTropicofCancer

(iii)Ontheotherhandareasnear thepolesreceivelessheatastheraysofthesunareslanting

(iv)TheplacesbeyondtheArcticCircleexperiencecontinousdaylightforaboutsixmonthsAsthelarger

portionofNorthernhemispheregetslightfrom sunitissummerinNorthernpartofequator

SEASONS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page7of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeWLRA87TKXLMASSIGNMENT

Q1-Namethedifferentseasonsoftheearth

DAY-4

SummerSolstice

Insummerseasontheregionsnorthoftheequatorexperiencethelongestdayandnighton21stJuneItisoppositeinSouthernhemisphereandthenightsarelongerthanthedaysandiswinterseasonthereThispositionoftheearthiscalledassummersolstice

WinterSolstice

On22ndDecembertheTropicofCapricorngetsdirectraysofthesunastheSouthPole tiltstowardsitThe

daysarelongerwithshorternightsinSouthernhemisphereanditissummerinSouthernhemisphereand

winterinNorthernhemisphereThisiscalledwintersolstice

Equinox

On21stMarchand23rdSeptemberdirectraysofthesunfalldirectlyontheequatorDuringthisperiodthewholeearthexperiencesequaldaysandequalnightsbecauseneitherofthe poles istiltedtowardsthesunThisiscalledanequinox

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page8of6

VIDEO-LINKS

httpsyoutubeEXasopxAFoM

DAY-5

EXERCISE

Q1-DefinesummersolsticeQ2-DefineEquinoxesQ3-ExplaintheoccurrenceofseasonsoftheearthQ4-ExplainWintersolstice

ACTIVITY

PasteordrawthepictureofEarthrsquosseasons

httpsyoutubel64YwNl1wr0OTHERLINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page9of6

MINDMAP

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 1 of 13

BISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL (Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453 Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

STUDY COURSE MATERIAL SUBJECT - COMPUTER

SESSION ndash 2021 - 22

CLASS - 6

CHAPTER ndash 8 COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

DAY-1

Introduction to Computer Program

Before getting into computer programming let us first understand computer programs and what they do

A computer program is a sequence of instructions written using a Computer Programming Language to perform a specified task by the computer

The two important terms that we have used in the above definition are minus

bull Sequence of instructions

bull Computer Programming Language

To understand these terms consider a situation when someone asks you about how to go to a nearby KFC What exactly do you do to tell him the way to go to KFC

You will use Human Language to tell the way to go to KFC something as follows minus

First go straight after half kilometer take left from the red light and then drive around one kilometer and you will find KFC at the right

Here you have used English Language to give several steps to be taken to reach KFC If they are followed in the following sequence then you will reach KFC minus

1 Go straight 2 Drive half kilometer 3 Take left 4 Drive around one kilometer 5 Search for KFC at your right side

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 2 of 13

Now try to map the situation with a computer program The above sequence of instructions is actually a Human Program written in English Language which instructs on how to reach KFC from a given starting point This same sequence could have been given in Spanish Hindi Arabic or any other human language provided the person seeking direction knows any of these languages

Now lets go back and try to understand a computer program which is a sequence of instructions written in a Computer Language to perform a specified task by the computer Following is a simple program written in Python programming Language minus

print Hello World

The above computer program instructs the computer to print Hello World on the computer screen

bull A computer program is also called a computer software which can range from two lines to millions of lines of instructions

bull Computer program instructions are also called program source code and computer programming is also called program coding

bull A computer without a computer program is just a dump box it is programs that make computers active

As we have developed so many languages to communicate among ourselves computer scientists have developed several computer-programming languages to provide instructions to the computer (ie to write computer programs) We will see several computer programming languages in the subsequent chapters

Types of programming language

1 Low-level programming language

Low-level language is machine-dependent (0s and 1s) programming language The processor runs low- level programs directly without the need of a compiler or interpreter so the programs written in low-level language can be run very fast

Low-level language is further divided into two parts -

i Machine Language

Machine language is a type of low-level programming language It is also called as machine code or object code Machine language is easier to read because it is normally displayed in binary or hexadecimal form (base 16) form It does not require a translator to convert the programs because computers directly understand the machine language programs

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 3 of 13

The advantage of machine language is that it helps the programmer to execute the programs faster than the high-level programming language

ii Assembly Language

Assembly language (ASM) is also a type of low-level programming language that is designed for specific processors It represents the set of instructions in a symbolic and

human-understandable form It uses an assembler to convert the assembly language to machine language

he advantage of assembly language is that it requires less memory and less execution time to execute a program

2 High-level programming language

High-level programming language (HLL) is designed for developing user-friendly software programs and websites This programming language requires a compiler or interpreter to translate the program into machine language (execute the program)

The main advantage of a high-level language is that it is easy to read write and maintain

High-level programming language includes Python Java JavaScript PHP C C++ Objective C Cobol Perl Pascal LISP FORTRAN and Swift programming language

A high-level language is further divided into three parts -

i Procedural Oriented programming language

Procedural Oriented Programming (POP) language is derived from structured programming and based upon the procedure call concept It divides a program into small procedures called routines or functions

Procedural Oriented programming language is used by a software programmer to create a program that can be accomplished by using a programming editor like IDE Adobe Dreamweaver or Microsoft Visual Studio

The advantage of POP language is that it helps programmers to easily track the program flow and code can be reused in different parts of the program

Example C FORTRAN Basic Pascal etc

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 4 of 13

ii Object-Oriented Programming language

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) language is based upon the objects In this programming language programs are divided into small parts called objects It is used to implement real-world entities like inheritance polymorphism abstraction etc in the program to makes the program resusable efficient and easy-to-use

The main advantage of object-oriented programming is that OOP is faster and easier to execute maintain modify as well as debug

Example C++ Java Python C etc

iii Natural language

Natural language is a part of human languages such as English Russian German and Japanese It is used by machines to understand manipulate and interpret humans language It is used by developers to perform tasks such as translation automatic summarization Named Entity Recognition (NER) relationship extraction and topic segmentation

The main advantage of natural language is that it helps users to ask questions in any subject and directly respond within seconds

3 Middle-level programming language

Middle-level programming language lies between the low-level programming

language and high-level programming language It is also known as the intermediate programming language and pseudo-language

A middle-level programming languages advantages are that it supports the features of high-level programming it is a user-friendly language and closely related to machine language and human language

Example C C++ language

Most commonly used Programming Language

As we all know the programming language makes our life simpler Currently all sectors (like education hospitals banks automobiles and more ) completely depend upon the programming language

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 5 of 13

DAY-2

Introduction to Computer Programming If you understood what a computer program is then we will say the act of writing computer programs is called computer programming

As we mentioned earlier there are hundreds of programming languages which can be used to write computer programs and following are a few of them minus

bull Java

bull C

bull C++

bull Python

bull PHP

bull Perl

bull Ruby

Uses of Computer Programs Today computer programs are being used in almost every field household agriculture medical entertainment defense communication etc Listed below are a few applications of computer programs minus

bull MS Word MS Excel Adobe Photoshop Internet Explorer Chrome etc are examples of computer programs

bull Computer programs are being used to develop graphics and special effects in movie making

bull Computer programs are being used to perform Ultrasounds X-Rays and other medical examinations

bull Computer programs are being used in our mobile phones for SMS Chat and voice communication

Computer Programmer Someone who can write computer programs or in other words someone who can do computer programming is called a Computer Programmer

Based on computer programming language expertise we can name a computer programmers as follows minus

bull C Programmer

bull C++ Programmer

bull Java Programmer

bull Python Programmer

bull PHP Programmer

bull Perl Programmer

bull Ruby Programmer

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 6 of 13

DAY-3

Algorithm

From programming point of view an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure to resolve any problem An algorithm is an effective method expressed as a finite set of well-defined instructions

Thus a computer programmer lists down all the steps required to resolve a problem before writing the actual code Following is a simple example of an algorithm to find out the largest number from a given list of numbers minus

1 Get a list of numbers L1 L2 L3LN 2 Assume L1 is the largest Largest = L1 3 Take next number Li from the list and do the following 4 If Largest is less than Li 5 Largest = Li 6 If Li is last number from the list then 7 Print value stored in Largest and come out 8 Else repeat same process starting from step 3

The above algorithm has been written in a crude way to help beginners understand the concept You will come across more standardized ways of writing computer algorithms as you move on to advanced levels of computer programming

We assume you are well aware of English Language which is a well-known Human

Interface Language English has a predefined grammar which needs to be followed to write English statements in a correct way Likewise most of the Human Interface Languages (Hindi English Spanish French etc) are made of several elements like verbs nouns adjectives adverbs propositions and conjunctions etc

Similar to Human Interface Languages Computer Programming Languages are also made of several elements We will take you through the basics of those elements and make you comfortable to use them in various programming languages These basic elements include minus

bull Programming Environment

bull Basic Syntax

bull Data Types

bull Variables

bull Keywords

bull Basic Operators

bull Decision Making

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 7 of 13

bull Loops

bull Numbers

bull Characters

bull Arrays

bull Strings

bull Functions

bull File IO

We will explain all these elements in subsequent chapters with examples using different programming languages First we will try to understand the meaning of all these terms in general and then we will see how these terms can be used in different programming languages

This tutorial has been designed to give you an idea about the following most popular programming languages minus

bull C Programming

bull Java Programming

bull Python Programming

A major part of the tutorial has been explained by taking C as programming language and then we have shown how similar concepts work in Java and Python So after completion of this tutorial you will be quite familiar with these popular programming languages

DAY-4

Compiler

You write your computer program using your favorite programming language and save it in a text file called the program file

Now let us try to get a little more detail on how the computer understands a program written by you using a programming language Actually the computer cannot understand your program directly given in the text format so we need to convert this program in a binary format which can be understood by the computer

The conversion from text program to binary file is done by another software called Compiler and this process of conversion from text formatted program to binary

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 8 of 13

format file is called program compilation Finally you can execute binary file to perform the programmed task

We are not going into the details of a compiler and the different phases of compilation

The following flow diagram gives an illustration of the process minus

So if you are going to write your program in any such language which needs compilation like C C++ Java and Pascal etc then you will need to install their compilers before you start programming

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 9 of 13

Interpreter

We just discussed about compilers and the compilation process Compilers are required in case you are going to write your program in a programming language that needs to be compiled into binary format before its execution

There are other programming languages such as Python PHP and Perl which do not need any compilation into binary format rather an interpreter can be used to read such programs line by line and execute them directly without any further conversion

So if you are going to write your programs in PHP Python Perl Ruby etc then you will need to install their interpreters before you start programming

Online Compilation

If you are not able to set up any editor compiler or interpreter on your machine then tutorialspointcom provides a facility to compile and run almost all the programs online with an ease of a single click

So do not worry and lets proceed further to have a thrilling experience to become a computer programmer in simple and easy steps

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 10 of 13

DAY-5

What is a Flowchart

Flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm Programmers often use it as a program-planning tool to solve a problem It makes use of symbols which are

connected among them to indicate the flow of information and processing The process of drawing a flowchart for an algorithm is known as ldquoflowchartingrdquo

Terminal The oval symbol indicates Start Stop and Halt in a programrsquos logic flow A pausehalt is generally used in a program logic under some error conditions Terminal is the first and last symbols in the flowchart InputOutput A parallelogram denotes any function of inputoutput type Program instructions that take input from input devices and display output on output devices are indicated with parallelogram in a flowchart

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 11 of 13

Processing A box represents arithmetic instructions All arithmetic processes such as adding subtracting multiplication and division are indicated by action or process symbol Decision Diamond symbol represents a decision point Decision based operations such as yesno question or truefalse are indicated by diamond in flowchart Connectors Whenever flowchart becomes complex or it spreads over more than one page it is useful to use connectors to avoid any confusions It is represented by a circle Flow lines Flow lines indicate the exact sequence in which instructions are executed Arrows represent the direction of flow of control and relationship among different symbols of flowchart Advantages of Flowchart bull Flowcharts are better way of communicating the logic of system bull Flowcharts act as a guide for blueprint during program designed bull Flowcharts helps in debugging process bull With the help of flowcharts programs can be easily analyzed bull It provides better documentation bull Flowcharts serve as a good proper documentation

Disadvantages of Flowchart bull It is difficult to draw flowchart for large and complex programs bull In this their is no standard to determine the amount of detail bull Difficult to reproduce the flowcharts bull It is very difficult to modify the Flowchart

Example Draw a flowchart to input two numbers from user and display the

largest of two numbers

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 12 of 13

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 13 of 13

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 1 of 4

ञशBISHOP SCOTT BOYSrsquo SCHOOL

(Affiliated to CBSE New Delhi) Affiliation No 330726 School Campus Chainpur Jaganpura

By-Pass Patna 804453

Phone Number 7061717782 9798903550 Web wwwbishopscottboysschoolcom Email infobishopscottboysschoolcom

ONLINE STUDY MATERIAL

SUBJECT-sanskrit SESSION-2021 ndashndash22

CLASS-__6

CHAPTER No ndash 11 और 12

TOPIC __ मालाकारः अह मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः मालाकारः --- माली रोपयामम ---- लगाता ह उपवनम --- बगीचा तणानन ---- घास शवतः -ndash- सफद रकतः ndash लाल मदनन ndash मीठ ननतयम --- रोज ववलोकयmdashदखकर भावारथ म मालाकार ह सदा पौधो को लगाता ह फ लो को भी तोड़ता ह फ लो स सदर माला बनता ह उपवन को रोज़ जोतता ह म माली ह घास स रकषा करता ह नए बीज बोता ह अकर को दखकर खश हो जाता ह वकषो को रोज़ पानी दता ह म माली ह यहा अनक फ लो को दखो सफद पील लाल नील तम वकष क मधर फल को चनो चचड़ड़यो की अनक आवाज को सनो म माली ह म माली ह

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 2 of 4

मौखखक कायथ 1)कः कसमानन तरोटयनत

मालाकारः 2)मालाकारः कक रचयनत

पषपमाला 3)क कजनतत

खगाः 4)क वकषान मसचनत

मालाकारः प णथ वाकयन उततरत

1)मालाकारः क ः माला रचयनत मालाकारः पषप ः माला रचयनत 2) सः कानन ववलोकय परसीदनत सः अकराखण ववलोकय परसीदनत 3) वकषः कानन यचछनत वकषः फलानन यचछनत

ररकतसरानानन

क) उपवनम

ख) वपनत

ग) अह

घ) वकषष

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 3 of 4

पाठ ---- 12

मटरोयानसय यातरा

शबदाराथः

जीवनरखा ndash जीवनकी रखा सरणीनाम --- सडको की धरायाः ndash जमीन क

जनानाम --- लोगो की सववधाय --- सववधा क मलए

आववषकारम --- खोज

गौरवम -- गौरव

सव- रलष ndash अपनी पटररयो पर

उभयोः ndash दोनो की

मटरो यान महानगरो की जीवनरखा ह लदन नगर की मटरो यान की पररवहन वयवसरा ववशव की पररम मटरो परणाली ह भारत का पररम मटरो वयवसरा कोलकाता की मटरो वयवसथा ह यह महानगरो म लोगो को एक सरान स द सर सरान तक ल जाती ह इसका रल पर सड़कपर नसरत सतभ क ऊपर अरवा जमीन क नीच होता ह इस परकार इस कारण सड़को पर वाहन की अचधकता नही होती लोगो को यातायात क दौरान सड़क पर कषट नही होता ह इसका वातानक मलत वातावरण लोगो को यातरा सख परदान करता ह वरिषठ नागररको क मलए सवचामलत सीढ़िया ह लोग सीिी की सहायता स ऊपर जात ह यान क दरवाज सवचामलत ह मटरो यान म सारी स चनाए इलकटरॉननक फलक पर ननरतर परदमशथत होती ह इसका अववषकाि महानगिो का गौिव ह मटरोयान औि मटरोिलव सटशन दोनो की सिकषा भी सथानीय लोगो का कततवय ह

एकपदन उततित

क) महानगि वकि यानि चलवत

मटरोयानि

ख) मटरोयानसय यातरा कीदशी भववत

सववधापरात

ग) असय िलपथि कसयााः नीचाः अवसत

धिायााः

घ) वरिषठनागरिकभयाः का अवसत

सवचवलताउननयवन

परतवाकयन

1) महानगिाराि जीवनिखा वकम अवसत

महानगिाराि जीवन िखा मटरोयानम अवसत

2) मटरोयानि कषाम जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

मटरोयानम महानगिाराि जनान सथानात सथानि नयवत

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS

Page 4 of 4

3) मटरोयानसय दविावर कीदशावन सवनत

मटरोयानसय दवािावर सवचवलतावन सवनत

4) कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा कसयपरथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

कोलकातायााः मटरोवयवसथा भाितसय परथमा मटरोवयवसथा अवसत

5) कसयअववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

मटरोयानसय अववषकािि महानगिाराि गौिवम अवसत

शबदाथत मलनम

क) खगानाम --- पवकषयो का

ख) असमाकि ---- हमािा

ग) बावलकायााः --- बावलका का

घ) यषमाकि ---- तम सब का

ङ) सिवरष --- सडको पि

  • DAY-1
    • VIDEO-LINKS
      • DAY-2
        • Method of Converting A decimal into A Fraction
        • httpsyoutubeWwg1br9-8yk
          • DAY-3
            • VIDEO-LINKS
              • DAY-4
                • Multiplication of decimals-
                  • DAY-5
                    • VIDEO-LINKS