SocietyTopic 6

Course : COMM6106 Sociology and Anthropology in Communication Context

Year : 2014

• Understanding Society

• Definition of Society

• Elements of Society

• Social Stratification

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• Human being always live together (Collective)• Characteristics of Collective are:*fixed division of labor in a way to fulfilling various life functions*interdependence among individuals as a result of division labor*collaboration among individuals due to the interdependence*communication between individuals in order to collaborate*discrimination against individuals outside their collective

What is society to individual?

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`• A distinct and relatively autonomous community whose members' mutual social relations are embedded in and expressed through the medium of culture.

• Any portion of a community regarded as a unit distinguishable by particular aims or standards of living or conduct, i.e. Culture

• A group of people who occupy a specific locality and who share the same cultural traditions or culture.

Definition of Society

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• A unity of people interacts in accordance with a certain continuous tradition and bound to a common feeling identity (Koentjaraningrat, 1990:146)

• The largest grouping in which common customs, traditions, attitudes and feelings of unity are operative (JL Gillin and JP Gillin (1990:147)

• Community: a unity of people, live in a certain area/region/location, and interacts in accordance to a certain system of tradition, and bound to a common community identity (1990:148)

Definition Of Society

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• Learned Action (action is not behavior)> Behavior: obtained from birth/gen> Action: obtained from learning

• Norms, rules should be learned relating to > Status (Ascribed >< Achieved)> Role (when the person conducting the responsibilities appropriate to their status)

How to be acknowledged as a member of a Society

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Culture and Society

• Cultures are complexes of learned behavior patterns and perceptions

• Societies are groups of interacting organisms.

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Characteristics of Society

1.Interaction among members2.Tradition3.Values, Norms4.Law5.Certain rules and regulation govern the pattern of action of the members

6.Distinctive Identity7.Continuity (Koentjaraningrat, 2009:118)

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• Institution is action in accordance to official pattern• Institution is system of norms or rules for specific activities of the society

• KINSHIP/DOMESTIC INSTITUTION: kinship terminology system, marriage, etc

• ECONOMIC INSTITUTION: agriculture, banking, industry, etc

• EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION: child rearing, library, press, primary education, etc

• SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTION: scientific methodology, research, etc

Institution and Institute

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• AESTHETIC AND RECREATIONAL INSTITUTION: fine arts, performing arts, vocal, sports, etc

• RELIGIOUS INSTITUTION: benediction, taboo, paranormal, etc

• POLITICAL INSTITUTION: government, party, police, democracy, etc

• SOMATIC INSTITUTION: medical, beauty maintenance, sanitation, etc

• INSTITUTE is agency or organization that implementing institution

Institution And Institute

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• Region, Territory, District, Zone

• City, Village• Race, Ethnic

• Believe, Religion• Livelihood

• Hobby

A Society Boundary

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• Social Category: unity of people based on objectively specific characters

• Social Class: unity of people based on objectively specific characters, bound by certain system of value/norms

• Group and Organisation: has all the characters of society but made for certain purpose

• Crowd: unity of people interact only for certain objective

Elements Of Society

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• A. R. RADCLIFFE-BROWN^ Relationship structure between/among individuals^ Social structure control the action of the member of the society. Should be abstracted inductively from the real life of the society^The member of society live in accordance to the pattern defined by the social structure

Social Structure

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Social Organization

• Refers to the social context itself, or the set of social relations that link individuals in a society

• Social organizations tend to refer to social actions and define roles (peran) individuals play in relation to one another

• The term ‘social organization’ has been used since Comte

• Refers to the sum total of activities performed in a given social context

• Social structure defines the status of actors performing such roles

• The study of social structure descends from classical structural-functionalist and structuralist traditions

Social Structure