Biennial report of the Board of State Commissioners of Public ...

^ ^'taming anb ^abor. • W

I LIBRARY IW OF THE T7

IUniversity of Illinois,

|^ CLASS. BOOK. VOLUME. R

W Books are not to be taken ironi llw Libii.rv. W% #II Accession No. A

7 / :.

FOURTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT

D -i

STATE OF ILLINOIS.

Presexted to the Governor December 1, 1896.

SPRINGFIELD. ILL..

Phillips Bkos., State i'RiNTERS.

1897.

540

BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS.

ARTHUR R. REYNOLDS, M. D, Chicago, President.

GEORGE W. CURTISS, Stockton.

JULIA C. LATHROP, Rockfokd.

JAMES McNABB. Cirrolltox.

MICHAEL J. HELM. Kell.

Sco'efiO'ij.

GEORGE F. MINER, Springfield.

State of Illinois,

OmrE OF BoAKD of Public Charities,

December 1. 1896.

To His KxceUencij John P. Altgeld, Governor

:

The Board of State Commissioners of Public Charities has theiioiior to make you its Fourteenth Biennial, or Twenty-eighth An-nual, Rejjort as required by law.

We are. with respect.

Your obedient servants,

ARTHUR R. REYNOLDS. President,GEORGE W. CURTISS,JULIA C. LATHROP,JAMES McNABB.MICHAEL J. HELM.

GEORGE F. MINER, Seeretarij.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

Since the last biennial report of this Board, the number of State

institutions subject to its supervisory care has been increased bythree. The Thirty-ninth General Assembly made an appropriation

of $20,(KX) for a Soldiers" Widows' Home, and an appropriation of

$1CK),00() for the establishment of the Western Hospital for the In-

sane, and an appropriation of $65,000 for the establishment of anAsylum for the Incurable Insane.

The statements of these institutions, so far as they are in opera-

tion, are included in the present report. The total number of insti-

tutions in operation, or in process of construction, whose financial

statements are by law submitted to this Board, is now 1(), namely:

(1) The Northern Hospital for Insane, at Elgin: (2) the Eastern

Hospital for Insane, at Kankakee: (3) the Central Hospital for In-

sane, at Jacksonville; (4) the Southern Hospital for Insane, at Anna;

(5) the Asylum for Insane Criminals, at Chester: ((3) the Institution

for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb, at Jacksonville; (7) the

Institution for the Education of the Blind, at Jacksonville: (8) the

Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children, at Lincoln: (9) the Soldiers

and Sailors' Home, at Quincy; (10) the Soldiers' Orphans' Home,at Normal: (11) the Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary, at Chicago;

(12) the Illinois Industrial Home for the Blind, at Chicago; (13)

State Home for Juvenile Female Offenders, at Geneva; (14) the

Soldiers' Widows" Home, at Wilmington; (15) Western Hospital for

Insane, at Rock Island: ( 1(3 ) Asylum for Incurable Insane, at Peoria.

The Illinois Industrial Home for the Blind and the Soldiers'

Widows' Home have not been in operation during the entire biennial

period, and we therefore give them in separate statements.

According to the reports of the different institutions, the state-

ment which follows shows the amount of money to be accounted for

by the twelve institutions, omitting the Industrial Home for the

Blind and the Soldiers' Widows' Home, and the disposition made of

the same.

Dr.

On the first of July, 1894. there were in the hands of the several

treasurers of the twelve institutions under our care, cash balances

amounting in the aggregate to $246,457.48.

8

In addition to these cash balances, the institutions had to their

credit in the State treasurj', undrawn unexpended balances of appro-priations made in 1893, to the amount of $1,385,317. (53.

The Thirty-ninth General Assemblj' appropriated for the use of

the twelve institutions the sum of §2.842,250 for the two years fromJuly, 1895, to June 30, 1897.

Besides the income derived from appropriations, the institutions

receive a minor income from the proceeds of sales of farm produce,stock, and manufactured articles, from collection for clothini;. etc.,

the amount of which during the past two years, here to be accountedfor, has been §222,682.03: to which must be added Sll,671.(iO re-

ceived by the Northern Hospital for the Insane on account of the"Burr Fund.""

The sum of these items, which is 84,708,378.74. constitutes the

amount to be accounted for in the present report, and in the report

for the institutions herewith transmitted. It is evident that this

amount must have been expended by the institutions, or remain in

the State treasury, or in the hands of the local treasurers.

Ck.

The cash disbursements of the twelve institutions during the past

two years were in the aggregate 82,829.732.25.

The amount remaining in the hands of the loc^l treasurers of the

twelve institutions now under our jurisdiction. June 30. 1896. was$235,317.45.

The amount remaining in the State treasury undrawn was SI.409,-

273.95.

The sum of $565.98 appropriated in 1893, but not drawn (lapsed),

remained in the State treasury September 30, 1895.

In accounting for the credits distributed, it must be rememberedthat $233,489.11 was returned to the State treasury in January, 1895.

DEBITS DISTRIBUTED.

lo m M X o i/^ ~. in M r; —•-î

0-. c- X « M X —' M -J -js — JO

?] to t~ X "-H ti c- 3 X X » t-

mj^c>i»*?aiô>0 3-. xotinôo ^co-

5b E:J-*0 I

"-I

3*0 CiO•roMX —

o

t~ t~ ^ No• COo ^J ir^ ;=>-t~^NO

IX

CO

•- a>-cN-HC--<ONC-7qO«X«ootoiMa5»i'32ra^xx>-iin ^ o o ~ o M t^ — ?o t- :cOi'^XTiy: — - -fOOXXlO »» -X r. — v; rt r I

—. o ;-j Ci

m" t' --;-

c:'•^'

w:' m' i - in « x*tc in 1^ ic -f = 1

Tiro ^-H ^' = 1-: X Lnm CO rt

sceotoo^»xxr>i»o;o

t--ocoooinin-H3-, -jxx:oocoX'*i-i^:oc--t-mc-«5 th to S X M as M in rt 'O N:oco:dxc3 in in :o xc^^^rf~^,in.-o «^ CO

2c

tOXI:-X"!CCÔiiOO—'C5a=lOio^^t^tîn-^t^riMômX « -.o X ci t- c- in M X CO o

CCE-t-'r-.OCOO'M3iCO^-<lOjorococ-ioMoxoin"*

.... 5%:

C oj „ c K . t^ 9^J S 1 §

3 - -â

:

rt c s s - «- - iiXJ3 ^r

t-( X c3 Q tî ^ tz >-._;^ _^ rt ^^ *

4

10

Further details of these receipts aiul disbursenu-uts will be foundin the tables appentled to this report, and in the reports of the insti-

tutions named.

Institutions. Ordinary. Special,j

Total.

_____ __ ^ . . .

Northern Insane Hospital S318.948 62 S34,8G5 41 S353.814 03Eastern Insane Hospital 656.513 SO 77.646 81 734.160 61Central Insane Hospital 314.836 15 28. SCO GO ;«3.636 15Southern Insane Hospital 2.34.29S 00 26,569 75 260.8&S 65Asylum for Insane Criminals 49.249 46 23,14140 72,390 86Institution for Dt-af and Dumb 204.S4S 12 4.s,74f.22 253,594 34Institution for the Blind 93,730 97 26.40s .37 120.139 34Asvlum for Feeble-Minded 187.356 06 15,459 69 202,815 75Soldiers' Orphans" Home ,97,539 92 5,962 20 .103,502 12Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary 50.128 63 8.;«7 96 58,486 59Soldiers and Sailors' Home 253.66166 .36.407 29 290.068 95Home for Juvenile Female Offenders 39. 496 74 36. 504 75 76. 001 49

Total $2,500,60903 $:i68,869 « 82.869,478*

SURPLUS.

To meet the outstanding indebtedness, the institutions had thefollowinu' cash resources:

In hands of local treasiirers §233.532 23In State Treasury, on call 36, 962 20

Total cash assets S270. 494 43Deduct amount of debt? 57,697 05

$212, 797 3S

This surplus was divided among them as follows:

Northern Insane Hospital>

S3, 739 58Eastern Insane Hospital 27. 606 39Central Insane Hospital 52. 037 09Southern Insane Hospital 35.500 99Asylum for Insane Criminals • 4,795 7JInstitution for the Bliud 36 19Institution for Deaf and Dumb 13,889 49Asylum for Feeble-Minded 6. 275 95Soldiers' Orphans' Home 5,780 57Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary 9,682 21

Soldiers and Sailors' Home '

40,771 72Home for Juvenile Female Offenders 2. 278 10

Total surplus June 30, 18% S218, 297 38

This statement of surplus does not include ledger accounts (for

clothing and incidental expenses of inmates) outstanding and un-collected.

CLASSIFICATION OF ORDINARY EXPENSES.

On pages 12 and 18 will be found a classified summary of the ordi-

nary expenses of the institutions for each of the two years 1894-5and 1895-6. by items.

The number of days" board furnished to inmates from July 1.

1894. to June 30. 1895, was 2.967.343; from July 1. 1895. to June 30,

1896. it was 3.056.623: total for the two vears. 6"',023.966.

11

If the number of days" board just stated for the year 1894-5 ])edivided by 365, and that for 1895-6 by 366, the number of days ineach year, the quotient will be the average number of inmates forthe year. And if the total number of days' board for the twoyears be divided by 731, we shall have as a quotient the averagenumber for the entire period. Applying this rule, the average num-ber of inmates of all the ^institutions under our care in 1894-5 was8,129. In 1895-6 it wasj 8,351. The average number for the twoyears taken together was t>,240.

If the total ordinary expenses for each year, or for tlie two yearstaken together, be divided by the average number of inmates, thequotient will be the per capita cost. The total ordinary expense in1894-5 was $1,262,459.81, dividing this by 8,129. we fiindthe per cap-ita cost for that year to be $155.30; proceeding in a similar manner,the per capita cost for 1895-6 was $148.20, and for the two year.sfrom July 1, 1894, to June 30, 1896, it averaged $151.75.

Calculated in this way, we obtain the following averages, (for allthe institutions taken together)

:

EiDensps Expenses

i9i)i D.1895-6.

Attendance|

og2 73Food ' J9 orjl

Clothing, bedding, etc ......[............. 1' 17Laundry supplies 1 99Fuel :::: .\zi\Light ^'^ 7^Water ;: ^EMedicine and medical supplies ' 2 06'Freight and transportation

'

"

.'

1 71Postage and telegraphing '.

-75

Books and stationery 07Printing and ad vertising ..[[.....]. 49Music :ind anuiseinents 30Instruments and apparatus ...'".

31Household expenses ], <uFurn iture

2 44Building, repairs, etc 09cTools .......;.

15Machinery, etc caFarm, garden, stock and grounds. a caReal estate g?Legal expenses

; 04!Insurance '" ^Shop expenses qqBurial expenses - " "

'

20Expenses not classified ..................[...['.[.'..'. 20

Total"~

$155 24I

$62 9739 809 961 24

10 65^

1 7572

1 982 03

7669372!)

15S4

2 Kt3 72

121 204 45

39140545IT

$14S 20

12

CLASSIFIED

Of the Ordinary Expenses of Twelve State Institutions,

Expenses Classified.1Northern

j

Eastern . Central Southern '. AsylumI

Insane | Insane Insane;

Insane for InsaneIHospital.

I

Hospital, i Hospital.,Hospital. Criminals.

Attendance ' §68,660 18 8120.873 62 S64.875 65 »48,824 9{t

Pood;

43,830 88 86.554 91 50,689 57 38.500 79I'lothing, bedding, etc ' 9,069 251 31.418 52 11,619 44 8.977 73L.aundry supplies ; 1.222 27 3,104 67 725 58 1.240 93Fuel 18.306 70 31,047 26 9.009 85 13,65194Light 1,190 48 2,163 17 1.547 77 443 52"Water : 2,060 35Medicine and medical supplies • 2,626 87 5,200 as 1,994 60 2,797 06Freight and transportation 965 08 2. 281 40 433 46 753 31Postage and telegraphing 796 84 1,673 31 659 78 422 88Books and stationery 270 92 2, 296 03 646 35 310 27Printing and advertising 126 50 917 31 400 00 353 71

Music and amusements 51162 803 74 357 15 97 04Instruments and apparatus 62 47 705 80 200 32 202 74

Household expenses 1,075 61 1.835 05 1,095 70 812 12

Furniture 2,146 73: 4.899 77 1.260 95 2,414 61

Buihling, repairs, etc ' 2,360 66 11,142 51 2,640 17 417 48Tools 24 47 513 40 57 22 24 WMachinery, etc 409 13 54155 650 10 273 2S

Farm, garden, stock and grounds... 4,055 40 11,159 35 3,910 32 1,754 52

Real estate 212 00 717 50 126 00Legal expenses 9 00; 113 00 52 73Insurance 290 00 243 00 90 00'^hop expenses 149 11 890 53 40 71

Burial expenses 327 00 36 00 876 50 27 00

Expenses not classified 524 08 2122 289 10

Total S158, 409 17 8322, 702 86 8156, 141 76 8122. 732 60

Less receipts not from State , 10.268 92j 32,027 43 12,203 15: 10,202 66

Cost to State I S148. 140 251 8290.675 43 8143,938 61 8112.529 94

!

=1=^

—

.!

=Days' board furnished to inmates...! 406.738 i 764 857 • 446,749 ; 307,065Average number of inmates 1,114.39 2.094.05 1.223.96 841.27

Average cost per capita (gross,! 8142 15; 8153 99 8127 57 8145 88Average cost per capita (net) 132 93j 138 71

1

117 60 133 76.

812.472 31

13

SUMMARY

for One

14

CLASSIFIED

Of the Ordinary Expenses of Twelve State Institutions

Expenses Classified.NorthernInsane

Hospital.

EasternInsaneHospital.

Central Southernj^^JJ,^™

Insane Insane Tti«^tiaHospital.

I

Hospital. Icrimfnals.

AttendanceFoodClothing:, liedding, etcLauiulry suppliesFuelLightWat^rMedieiue and medical suppliesFreight and transportationPostage and telegraphingBooks and stationeryPrinting aud advertisingMusic and amusementsInstruments and apparatusHousehold expensesFurnitureBuilding, repairs, etcToolsMachinery, etcFarm, garden, stock and grounds..Real estateLegal expensesInsuranceShop expensesBui ial expensesExpenses not classified

$68,044 35 $139,376 0147,260 43 81,568 941

11,428 82840 70

13,667 061,234 73

21,731 503,900 12:

24,276 68'

4,343 36

2,589 004,331 25849 64469 6993 0064 15132 22

i

964 S2i

2,399 57

1

803 51!

1 50423 56

3,602 10181 00157 50100 00123 98316 10460 77

Total $160, 539 45

Less receipts not from State 10, 930 28

Cost to State $149, 609 17

Days' board furnished to inmates. .

,

Average number of inmatesAverage cost per capita (gross)Average cost per capita (net) ,

474, 4371,296.27$140 30130 75

5,689 881

2, 140 071, 859 301,810 271, 104 74i

422 04

1

238 11:

2,216 26'

2,738 59,

17,968 971

446 62l

4,381 12

1

13, 297 03:

552 50671 10;

65 001

937 01

I

$65,547 90,

49,654 531

11.863 50!

798 78:

7, 901 091,284 552,386 18'.

2,378 67486 58937 63405 41;

264 10659 161

98 74'

846 526,386 91

1,979 27 i

108 051

390 001

3,544 83|

132 00'

.

116 00

$48, 140 52'

34.435 591

6,936 861.355 92:

11. 260 38!

255 941

$12,695 656,446 021.318 83

98 58426 2216 24

1,900 36546 41'

432 85'

169 78!

94 351

54 26188 44'

670 31932 43I

105 3021 82192 51

2.418 17

446 931.067 05

53 9340 0366 359 50

42 49481 50

2. 075 72

$333,810 94 $158,694 39 $111,566 3044.63167 20.044 73 15,27127

17 29100 0024 03

1,312 78

124 9978 0911 736 65

15

SUMMARY.

for one ijear, from Jali) 1, 1895, to June 30, 1896.

Institutionfor theDeaf

and Dumb.

Institu-tion

for theBlind.

Asylumfor Feeble-Minded.

Soldiers'Orphans'Home.

CharitableEye and

EarInfirmary.

Soldiersand

Sailors'Home.

StateI

Home for'JuvenileFemale

j

Offenders.

$59, 743 92

i

13. 198 8(>l

4,029 38t

397 39;

5,674 391

753 1322fi 13337 12

2,500 25!

777 48:

892 38!

163 33157 24252 99

1

408 551

1,021 731.359 81

131 47614 98

4,843 55

1

26 OO'.

126 75

$22,826 326,678 53

1

2,127 441

131 891

2,202 031,638 20|

579 09,

237 2.s'

808 fiO!

283 12;

361 65212 24!

406 61143 43166 68

1

1.112 051

1,012 3071 87

1

371 83,

1,858 20!

7 97

875,431 312 67

60 00

$33, 789 5826. 548 346,774 15

1, 357 897,764 211,005 41

25 00519 60965 83358 79354 32161 35360 18162 78674 78

1,642 312,116 27

119 822,508 81;

2,245 912, 175 00

10 85

$20,051 4813,714 98'

3,827 951

272 21:

4,495 20

1

392 531

1,268 47100 00

1,038 66

98,512 269,614 48|

$43,640 00'

3,054 51

1

$94,048 3114, 280 55

$88,897 78

110,370301.55

$326 97295 06

$40,585 49! $79,767 76

52,037142.17

$306 11

284 68

214,881587.11

$160 19135 86

140 39612 06136 69317 02250 61154 822 25

270 00301 77]

124 2626 6962 97

559 17

59, 122 238,300 67

164 49:

684 391

2,347 99!

880 301

30 OOi

899 29j

916 50'

173 27

I

182 48!

270 66!

53 427 80

171 52!

133 20!

33 242 60!

15 50158 2250 00ICO 00

126 501

.

425 91

I

61 62

$46,265 46176 54

$40, 070 6542, 734 3411,551 43

394 257,53i 242, 799 792,846 921,001 842, 140 51

425 50673 12357 7866 7040 53

451 432,331 46570 31

30 05868 99

3,079 32

1

$6,379 53!

1,781 69!

1,437 85

1

106 831,434 43

23 85

26 88473 27113 58136 4454 0518 517 83

98 572,035 454,992 00

19 48179 28348 04

35 00150 00203 80371 90

1,239 26

$24,759 39 $121,969 1260 95 2, 195 75

$46, 088 92

143, 889393.14

$117 58117 13

$24, 698 44

48,688133.03

$186 12185 66

107 00

$19, 774 5629 75

$119, 773 37

407,0421,112.13$109 68107 70

$19,744 81

17,48747.78

$420 73420 10

Total.

$525, 788 14332, 322 9283, 192 2010, 338 9588,983 9214,628' 036,093 32

16, 167 2416,988 386,401 785,812 593,092 562, 426 591,275 127,064 43

21,113 5631,076 97

986 6210, 009 5537,208 803.266 501, 242 46415 00

3,829 721,490 500, 933 37

$1,238,149 22122,597 48

$1,115,551 74

3, 050, 6238,331.38$148 20133 57

h^

ANNUAL ORDINARY EXPENSES, FOR TWENTY-TWO FISCAL YEARS, FROM

DECEMBER 1. 1874, TO JUNE 30, 1896.

Wc append, also, the following table, which shows the ordinary

expenses of each institution for each fiscal year, since the year 1875;

the net cost to the State of Illinois; the average number of inmates

(luring each year, and the per capita rate per annum, gioss and net.

The date of closing the fiscal year has been changed twice during the

past eighteen years. Before 1875 the fiscal year closed on the 30th

of November, but, in 1875, it closed on the 1st of October, so that the

expenses for 1875 cover only ten calendar months. Since 1888 the

fiscal year has closed on the 1st of July, so that the expenses for that

year cover only nine calendar months. In calculating the rate per

capita, however, these changes have been taken into account, and the

rate is stated at the figure which it would have reached if the fiscal

year had consisted of twelve full months. The fact that the three

months taken oft" from the fiscal year 1888 were those in which the

educational institutions have a vacation tended to increase the aver-

age number of inmates for that particular year, and correspondingly

to diminish the per capita cost. This remark applies to the Institu-

tions for the Deaf and Dumb and for the Blind, the Asylum for

Feeble-Minded Children and the Soldiers' Orphans' Home.

An examination of the table will satisfy an attentive reader that

there has been, on the whole, a decided and steady improvement in

the financial management of the State institutions.

Xorfhcrn Hospital for the Ins((ne, Eh/in.

Y'eak.

! (tI'OSSordinary

;

expenses.

1875 !

$77.60150i87t;" 105.348 85|

1877:::::;:'.'.:i

107.71362,

i878 104,080 091

i879'.". 110,667 56

1880 1104.167 16!

\m 117,547 661

188'' 110.465 961

iS^ 106.257 21

1884 109,549 44

isSS." 107.487 06

1^ 115.021 90

1887 96.457 70

J^ 73, 124 43iSiq 101,272 04

1^ 105.427 72icq-J 143,77884

1893 160.797 37

1894:::::::::::: 154,27547

1895 158,409 17

18%::::::::::::: 160,53945

Total $2,520,205 01

Incomenot fromState.

$9,154 901

22, 250 78]

12,032 447,906 887,470 5911,260 9911,799 91

11,003 27

10,157 461

14,616 91j

12,408 5019.916 79

1

6.580 36!

9,653 55

i

6,901 18|

8,681 98i

8. 142 439.210 58'

14,921 4816.707 17

10. 268 92

10, 930 28

$251,977 35

Costto State.

^1? 3

I

Per Capita Cost.

a I Gross.

$68,446 6083.098 07!

95,581 18:

96, 173 21103.196 97|

92,906 17:

105, 747 7599,462 69:

96.099 7594,932 5395, 078 5695,105 llj

89,877 34i

63, 470 8Sl

94,372 86i

81.542 8:^1

97.285 29'

134.568 26

1

145,875 89:

137.568 30,

148, 140 25;

149,609 17

3074661

464498;

521.521'

522519:

5265265281

533534'

527531:

5135991

9051

1,0511

1,0951,1141,296

$2,268,237 66 640

$303 32

227 53232 14

208 9?212 3f

200 IC

225 Oil

212 811

202 151

208 45!

203 57

1

216 OOj

180 561

185 00

1

190 60175 73176 05158 791

153 06140 86142 15140 30

Net.

$222 92178 32206 21193 12198 07178 32202 58191 64182 70180 48180 64178 43168 24160 57177 61158 82162 46148 62138 85125 61139 93130 75

$178 78 $160 91

17

Eastern HospiUd for the Insane, Kankakee.

Year.

187918801881188218831884188518861887188818891890189118921893189418951896

Total

Grossorditiaryexpenses.

$23562,

76,

9i,

103,

207,

248,

246,

203,

260,

257,

272,

275,

288,

308,

322,

333,

.286419071825017053425621952616350403303134836745702810

$3,598,577 94

Incomenot from

State.

$491 00690 19

3,072 935, 102 885, 350 045, 432 488,985 02

22, 726 1222,068 2920,568 7418,234 2824,684 6025, 191 7822,657 6929, 659 91

25,089 3832,027 4344,631 67

$316, 664 43

Costto State.

$1, 795 6034, 729 6758, 998 4571, 722 4887,667 9297,621 25

198, 440 16225,895 18224,084 21

183, 047 46242,116 09232, 718 89247,111 47252,477 15259, 176 89283,655 94290,675 43289, 179 27

2 »

,291,913 51

63185308399515

1.1191,4711,5181,5771,6331,6751,7071.7031,8772,0183,0952, 086

Per Capita Cost.

Gross. Net,

1,219

$558 14335 63249 68233 14200 25185 42169 07162 65172 20159 44153 63159 53161 56153 88152 97

1

153 99160 02

1

$551 27318 91232 87219 72189 56177 34153 57148 11154 80148 27138 90144 77148 26138 07140 54138 71138 62

$163 95 $149 98

Central Hospital for the Insaiie, Jacksonville.

1875..1876..1877..1878...

1879..,1880...1881...1882...1883...1884...

1885...1886. .

.

1887...1888...1889...1890...1891 . .

.

1892...1893...1894...1895...

1896...

Total.

109,

96106105,

116,

113.

120,

114,

121,

lis,

153,

149,

114,

149147,

151,

178,

178.

169.

156.

15S.

*,636 35

18

Sonihern Hospital for tlic Insane, Anna.

Yeak,Gross

ordinaryexpenses.


Costto State.

s !? Per Capita Cost.

1875 ,S38, ,876 731876 51,011 tW1877 57.176 731878 SO, 040 41

1879 S2.721 551880 92. !»>tO 70'v

1881 ss. 552 45"

1882 '.IS, ISO 77

1883 , 10:i 993 351884

,

102,689 201885 ' 109, 497 .S3

1886 111,968 91

1887 121,102 441888 87, 512 211889 108,813 731890

'

103,498 421891 112.567 981892

{

133, 663 701893 ! 122, 993 121894

I

117,376 071895

1122, 732 t>0

1896 1 111,566 30

TotalI

82,159,502 88

' ! 1—

Sl,0f;3 50

19

Institution for tlie Education of tJic Blind, Jacksonville.

Year.

1875187618771S781871*

1880ia81188a1883188418851886ias7188818891890189118921893189418951896

Total

Grossordinaryexpenses.


S24.

$763, 706 52

$1,292 15

1,749 25;

1,280 302,220 041,697 541

1,497 91!

1,323 572,582 431,627 21

1, 966 M21,826 243,895 763,091 673,274 714,652 803, 898 955,077 736, 495 008, 188 466,974 287,822 51

3,054 51

875, 490 34

Costto State.

$23,471 6223,980 9023,698 9225. 559 2726,215 9724.101 7027,025 1622,864 0826, 224 8529, 190 8731,562 4529,687 71

36,618 1323. 170 6432,665 9037, 763 5236, 785 4041,136 5140.015 0943, 623 5442, 268 4640,585 49

Per Capita Cost.

Gross. Net.

$688,216 18

6255577275787764799398109124146111121136164148167165142

106

$479 29467 82438 18385 82370 84325 77369 941

400 49352 53334 88i339 521

307 65320 40241 03335 78345 21307 59295 68324 25302 11

301 84306 11

$325 95

$458 46436 02415 78354 99349 55321 82350 98357 25331 96313 86325 13272 37295 45211 19293 92312 15270 28255 36269 17260 41254 70284 68

$293 73

Asylum f07' Feehle-Minded Children, Lincoln.

1875

20

Soldiers^ Orphans' Home, Normal.

Yeak.Gross

ordinaryexpenses.


Costto State.

Per Capita Cost.

Gross. ; Net.

1875.1876.1877.1878.1879.1880.1881.1882.1883.1884.1885.1886.1887.1888.1889.1890.1891.1892.1893.1894.1895.

1896.

$43,426 4346, 776 7242. 498 8344, 890 3541,859 7947,533 6643.461 5245,848 5445,071 9354.077 8550,537 6852,694 2249,687 6138,813 71

50, 960 0854,088 9753,200 11

53,844 5451, 176 5646, 126 0551,274 4646,265 46

Total ; $1,056,800 35

$463 12;

681 79

1

84 26,

738 92!

237 22.

1,233 661

664 i»6l

321 58!

353 16428 10

i

157 62382 72653 41]

237 47549 68

j

460 83

I

812 69

1

259 07

I

293 421

107 00264 32:

176 54

$42, 963 3146, 094 9342,414 5744,131 4341. 622 5746, 300 0042, 796 5645,526 9644. 708 7753,649 7550,380 0652,311 5049.034 2038.576 24'

50,410 40l

53,628 14

52,387 42 i

53,585 4750.883 14

46,019 05!

51.010 14

46.088 92

1

297310275291302308301266273317328326341359344

313;399'

397;

388373419393,

$175 45:

150 89154 54154 56138 78154 33144 50;

172 07165 07170 58153 83161 56145 88144 21148 33172 58133 41135 59131 89123 38122 24117 58

$153 7a148 70154 50151 72137 82150 32142 18171 15163 77169 24153 60160 43143 96143 33146 73171 1113138134 94130 85123 09121 61117 13

$9,571 54 81,047,228 81j 332 $144 37 S143 06

1875 •.

18761877187818791880 . .

21

State Home for Juvenile Female Offenders.

22

Insane Cases—Concluded.

Counties. By Jury. By Com. Males. I Females. Total.

Gallatin,GreeneGrundyHaniiltouHancockHar.iinHcii(ler>*on.

.

HenryIrociuoisJacksonJasperJeffersonJerseyJoDaviess. .

.

JohnsonKaneKankakeeKendallKnoxLakeLaSalleLawrenceLeeLivingston..LoganMaconMacoiipinMadisonMarionMarshallMasonMassacMcDonough.McHenryMcLeanMenardMercerMonroeMtfatgomeryMorganMoultrieOglePeoriaPerryPiattPikePopePulaskiPutnamRandolphRichlandRock Island

.

SalineSangamon. .

.

SchuylerScottShelbyStarkSt. ClairStephenson..Tazewell....UnionVermilionWabashWarrenWashington.WayneWhiteWhiteside...WillWilliamson..Winnebago..Woodford.. .

.

Total 2,924 656

4612277

12313276

2147101

.208

2 i

1 I

7 I

6I

2 I

io"'

1 ;

91

17316621151512127

2169513119

22

1,372

31

2014213

"2i

2

22270273502381519»17S9-

23la

410^

184a13144

21477

377212

4196

318

54145207

3433231647

196

23222846

•>

3311

3,580

23

SPECIAL APPROPRIATIONS.

The following is a complete list of special apiDrojiriations to thetwelve institutions included in this report made by the Thirty-ninthGreneral Assembly:

To the Northern Hospital for the Insane.

For the construction of one covered passage way for female department togeneral dining- rooms

For jfeiieral rypairs, six thousand (t>. 000) dollars per annumFor inside and outsitle paintinsr, $1,500 per annumFor concrete walksFor milch cows, farm implements and piggeryFor improvements of grounds. $1,000 per annumFor maintenance of library. $500, per annximFor four new boilers and necessary fittings to replace boilers in mainbuilding

For new apparatus for laundryFor repairs to oven and purchase of dough mixer

Total ;

$1,500 0012.000 003,000 001,500 002,000 002,000 001,000 00

6,000 005,000 00

500 00

$34,500 00

To the Eastern Hospital for the Insane.

For the purpose of making such repairs and improvements as may be necessary,S15,000 i er annum

For reconstruction and improvement of central heating and power plantFor reconstruction and improving plumbingFor material and work, repairing slate rootsFor dairy house and materials and work repairing barnFor addition for a dining roomFor further equipments and support pathological library, 82,500 per annum...For ('(luipments and maintenance of library, $500 per annumFor furniture and fixtures, $5, 000 per annumFor cement walksFor painting inside and outside, $5, 000 per annumFor roa<ls and impi'ovements of grounds, SI, OOO per annumFor additional live stock !.

.

For refitting basements to dining room

Total $102, 500 00

To the Central Hospital for the Insane.

For repairs and improvements, .$0,033 per annumFor maintenance of librai-y. $400 per annumFor painting, 82.003 per annumFor rebuilding (dd reservoirFor new • iigine for electric light plant and addition to building.For new boilersFor converting old amusement hall into wanls for patients ,

Total

$12,000 00

24

To the Asylum for Insane Criminals.

For repairs and improvements, Sl,500 per annumFor addition to buildingFor furnishing addition to buildingFor inaintcnan -e of library. S250^niir annumFor maintenance of electric ligbtplant, S500 per annum.For water supply. $600 per annum

Total

$3,000 0020,000 003,000 00500 00

1,000 001,200 00

828,700 00

To the Institution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb.

For repairs and improvements. Sl.OOO per annum 88,000 00For maintenance ot library, 8500 per annum 1,000 00For improvements of trades school and purchase of printing press 2,000 00For cottage for boys and furnishing same 40,000 00For otological laboratory 1,600 00For water supply 8, 000 00For improvements of bathing facilities and plumbing 5, 000 00For boilers and repairs '

2, 000 00For ice house 300 00

Total1

867,900 00

To the Institution for the Education of the Blind.

For repairs and improvements, 81,000 per annum 82, 000 00For maintenance of library, 8400 per annum 800 00For gymnasium and drill hall 10,000 00For repairing pipe organ 500 00For pianos and musical instruments 1, 000 00For new boilers 3, 000 00For changing steam fitting and plumbing

i

2, 000 00For re-laying floors, changing stairways, building wagon sheds and repairing,roof of main building 5,000 00

TotalI 824, 300 00

To the Asylum for Fechle-Minded Children.

For repairs and improvements. 82.000 per annum 84,000 00For maintenance of library, 8200 per annum 400 00For a school house 10,000 00For a new boiler 1,000 00

TotalI

815, 400 00

To the Soldiers and Sailors' Home.

For repairs and improvements, 82,500 per annum $5, 000 00For maintenance of library. 8250 per annum 500 00For painting. .8500 per annum 1,000 00For improvements of grounds. 8500 per annum 1,000 00For storage house for vegetaliles ; . .

.

1,500 00For reconstruction of water closets 2,500 00For cottage annex to hospital 18, 000 00

Total 829, 500 00

25

To the Soldiers^ Orphans^ Home.

For repairs and improvements. $1,000 per annumFor painting, $500 per annumFor maintenance of library, $300 per annumFor building and furnishing addition to school house

Total

$2,000 001,000 00600 00

1,800 00

$5, 400 00

To the Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary.

For repairs and improvements. $2,000 per annumFor maintenance of library, $100 per annum ,

For furniture,

iFor clothing and bedding, $750 per annumFor instruments and apparatus, $500 per annum..For reconstruction of annexFor household expenses, $500 per annum

Total

$4,000 00

•2(i

SPECIAL ATPROPRIATIONS ASKED.

Tlie following is a coinpletc list of special appropriatioiis asked,by the State institutions, of the Fortieth (xeueral Asst-mbly:

To the Northern Hospital for the Insane.

For repairs, per aiiiuuu. SIO, 000For paintiii?, per aiinuiu. 84,000For frruiiiuls, per annum, $2, 000For library, per annum, $500For niileh cowsFor improvements to annex kitchenFor new beds anil ntlier furniture.Fur rt'i)airs to farm buildinys and IniplenieHtsFor roof on main bnildinyrFor fencing '

For fenuile hospital wardFor elei'Iric dynamosFor repairs on root houseFor additional cement walksFir overhauling: steam plantFor repairing: annex smoke stackFor morirueFor water 1 ne stand-pipe and connection with city mains.For covered walks to dining:-roomFor bath housesFor refrigerator plantFor Tobcy heaterFor switch track into s^rounds

Total.

S20.000 008. 000 004,000 001,000 004. 000 003,500 005,000 002, 500 00

25,000 001,000 00

50, 000 OO2, 500 001,000 00>

H. 500 00'

3,500 001,000 003,500 005, 000 oa3, 500 00

15, 000 007. 500 001,000 006,000 00

$177,000 00

To tJic Eastern Hospital for the Ins((ii('

For chapel, gymnasium and school buildingFor filterine: systemFor remodeling: central heating and power plantsFor improving plumbing systemFor repairs of slate roofsFor live stock, farm implements and farm improvementsFor additional farm landFor improvejnents and extension of electrical plant, per annum, $5,000.For removal and ret oustruction of rendering and soap houseFor maintenance and eriaipment of pathological departmentFor library and reading-roo)n, per annum, $1,000For hoi-ticulture building, including greenhouse and conservatoryFor Turniture fund, per annum, $10, 000For cement walksFor painting, per annum, 810, 000For improvements of grounds, per anntira, $2, 000For drainage and sewerage, per annum, $2, 000For extension of park systemFor surgical buildings and equipmentsFor nurses' home for women

Total

.

$25, 000 00

27

To the Southern Hospital for the Insane.

Fur improvements ami repairs, per aniium, $6,000,

For library (to replace)For library, per annum, $200For painting'For new boiler houseFor additional storei'oomFor railroad switchFor roads and jfroundsFor arc ligiits for g'roundsFor concrete walksFor repairs to sewerage systemFor chang-inii' plumbingFor hose and ladilersFor reconstru<'tion of male cottage

Total

$12, 000 001,000 00400 00

3, 000 004,000 002, 500 0010,000 001,500 002.00O GO5,000 002,500 002,000 001,500 00

25,000 00

$72,400 00

To the Asijtum for Insane Criminals.

For repairs and improvements, per annum, $1, 500For furniture, per annum, $1, 500For electric supplies, per annum. $500For water supply, per annum, $600 :

For repairing and rebuilding road to Chester, per annum, $500For new house for vegetablesFor cow house and piggeryFor purchase of live stock

Total

^

$3,000 00

28

To the Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children.

For cottagre for sixtj' girlsFor chap»^l annex to school building:.. .

.

For kitchen and new porch for hospitalFor retliHiriiiir liasenientFor additional plunil)inK and repairs...For paintini,', per annum, $2,500For new fencing: on farmFor enlarging main dining room

Total

$12, 500 0014,000 00

;i50 003,600 001,000 005,000 00350 00

3,000 00

$39,800 00

To the Soldiers'' Orphans'' Home.

For repairs and improvements, per annum, $2,500.For library and reading room, per annum, $300For iron bedsteadsFor ice houseFor outside painting

Total

$5,000 00

29

Iiidiistrial Home for the Blind.

Building of warehouse and barnHorsesWagonsHarness and stable fixturesFinishing fourth Hoor and basement in dormitory and new roofTanks and fixtures for factory and dormitoryMoving and rebuilding ice boxMoving hot water boilerVaults for books and recordsRepairing, painting, walks, etcMaterial and fixtures for female departmentInstructorsWorking capitalIncidental expenses, salaries, fuel, etcLibrary for the blind

Total

$5. 000 CO500 (0500 oa150 OO

9,500 002,500 00

150 00200 00750 00

1,000 00a. 000 004, 000 00

15, 000 0010,000 CO

300 00

$52,550 00

To the Soldiers' JVidows'' Home.

For new buildingFor building new barn ,

For sewer and drainage purposesFor fencing and improving ground..For telephone and connectionFor horses ,

For carriageFor cowsFor feed for horses and cowsFor painting and general repairsFor plumbing and heating apparatusFor furnishing new building

Total

$50, 000 001,000 001,000 001,000 00300 00200 00100 00200 00300 OO900 00

5,000 005,000 00

$65,000 OO

Recapitulation.

Northern Hospital for the InsaneEastern Hospital for the InsaneCentral Hospital for the InsaneSouthern Hospital for the InsaneAsylum for Insane CriminalsInstitution for Ivlueatioii of Oi-af and DumbInstitution for Kilucation of BlindAsylum for Fcelile-lMiiiilfd ChildrenSoldiers' Orphans' Home. »

Charitable Eye and Ear InfirmarySoldiers and Sailors" HomeState Home for Juvenile Female Offenders..Soldiers' Widows' HomeIllinois Industrial Home for the Blind

Total

$177,000 00194,500 0059, 500 0072,400 0011,200 0041,033 7217, 300 0039, 800 00S. 500 00

.59, 200 0052, 200 002fi, 400 0065.000 0052, 550 00

$867,033 72

In accordance with section 7 of the act creating this Board, wesubmit the following recommendations regarding the above requests

for special approiDriations:

80

NORTHERN HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE.

HospifaJ Wanl—We renew our approval, as expressed in our Jast

biennial report, of tlie request for an appropriation for a separate

liosi)ital ward for this institution—it being understood that the wardcontemplated is for the care of female patients, and is to corres-

pond with the hospital M'ard for men. We recommend $25,000 for

this ward, as we believe this sum will now provide a building fully

equal to the present excellent male ward.

General Repairs—We recommend an appropriation of not to ex-

ceed $6,000 per annum for general repairs.

Paini'nifj—We recommend an allowance of S1,5(X) per annum for

inside and outside painting.

Grounds—We recommend $1,000 per annum for improvement of

grounds.

Library—We recommend $500 per annum for a library fund, to beexpended for the medical library of the institution, for literature for

attendants, and illustrated i^eriodicals for patients.

Milch Cows—We recommend an appropriation of $3,000 for pur-

chasing milch cows.

Improvemenis for Annex Kitchen^An appropriation of S2,500 is

recommended for improving the annex kitchen.

Furniture—An appropriation of $3,000 is recommended for the

purchase of new beds and other furniture.

Farm Inij^lenienfs, efc.—An appropriation of $2,500 is recom-mended for purchasing farm implements and repairs of farm build-

ings.

Neiv Rooffor Main Building—While the tile roof which we under-

stand is asked for by this item, would be a valuable and permanentbetterment, yet as the present slate roof can doubtless be maintainedfor a few years longer, we are of opinion that consideration of this

request should be postponed until the much-needed female hospital

now above requested is obtained, and until adequate provision for

morgue, baths and pathological work is made.

Fencing—So far as this item is intended to cover ornamental fenc-

ing about the grounds, we are opposed to it, and so far as it refers to

necessary stock fencing we believe that such fencing can be provided

from the general repair fund.

Electric Diinamos—^We recommend an appropriation of $2,500 for

electric dynamos.

Repairs on Root House—We recommend an allowance of $1,000

for repairs on root house.

Cemoit Tr(/7A-.s'—We recommend an appropriation of $5,000 for

this iDurpose, believing that a generous provision of such walks is for

the health and well being of patients, by making outdoor exercise

practicable in wet and cold weather.

31

Oi:crhaulin<j S/cdni Phnil—We advise an appropi-iation of S)i.500

for overliauliug steam ijlaiit.

Repdirlng Annex Smoke Stack-—This smoke staek is in a danger-

ous condition, and the $1,(KX) asked for its repair is an obvious neces-

sity.

Morgne—We advise an appropriation of 83,500 for a morgue, this

to include a pathological room and laboratory.

Wafer Line io Stand Pipe and ('onnevfion n'ifh (^ifjj 3Iain>!—Asan additional protection in time of tire or other emergency, we advise

an allowance of $5,000 for this line and connection.

Covered IValk:^ io Dinincj Eooiii—In our judgment the immediatenecessity for this item is small as compared with others requested.

Bafh Hon>ie—While we earnestly approve the use of steam bathsfor therapeutic purposes, we consider it essential that such baths

should be upon the hospital wards, and should approve the addition

of well-equipped Russian baths to the present male hospital building

and to the contemijlated female hospital building. We believe the

present bath rooms upon the general wards, with the addition of

showers, are sufficient for purposes of cleanliness. We therefore donot advise a separate bath house.

Refrigerating Plant—We recommend $7,500 for the erection of

this plant.

Tohey Heater—We recommend $1,0(^0 for an appliance for auto-

matic tempering of water for ward baths.

Siviich Track—We advise an appropriation of $6,000 for switchtrack.

EASTERN HOSPITAL FOR INSANE.

Filter Beds—We believe that the water supply from Kankakeeriver is polluted and recommend efficient measures for its purifica-

tion.

Remodeling Central Heating and Power Plant—We advise an ap-

propriation of $5,(XX) for this purpose.

Plnnihing—We believe that the plumbing should be maintained in

the best possible sanitary condition, but doubt the necessitj' of this

special appropriation.

Repairs to Slate Roof—We advise an appropriation of $3,000 for

this purpose.

Live Stock, Far)ii Implonents and Fa I'm Products—We recom-mend $3,000 x)er annum for this item.

Improvement and Extension of Electrical Plant—We advise anallowance of $2,500 per annum.

Removal and Reconstruction of Soap House and RenderingPlant—We approve an appropriation of $2,000 for this purpose.

32

P(it}i()lo(jie((l Ldhoratory—We approve an allowance of SI,250 peryear for the maintenance and equipment of the i)atliological depart-ment.

Lihmi'y and Rcadiiif/ Boom—We approve an appropriation of

$500 per annum for library and reading room.

Horticu It II ra I Bn ilding including Green House and Conservatory—We disapprove this item.

Furniture and Fixtures—We aj)prove an allowance of S5,000 perannum for furniture.

Cement Walks—We approve an appropriation of S5.000 for cementwalks.

Painting—We aj^prove an approj^riation of $5,000 per annum for

jjainting.

Imjjrovement of Grounds—We approve an allowance of $1,000 peryear for improvement of grounds.

Drainage and Sewerage—We approve allowance of Sl.CKK) per an-num for drainage and sewerage.

Extension of Park System—We approve the plan for extendingparks for use of patients along the river as a part of general improve-ment of grounds, but do not consider si^ecial api^ropriation necessary.

Snrgical Buildings and Equipments—We disapprove this item,,

not because we fail to desire the best surgical care and apijliances

for the institution, so far as needed, but because we disapprovefurther extension of this already unweildy institution.

Gynasium. Chapeland School Building, and Buildings for Xurses'Home for Women—We thoroughly approve of the uses suggestedfor the buildings here requested, but after careful consideration of

the extent and character of this institution—the largest hospital for

the insane in the country—we can't aj)prove any request for further

buildings. We believe that in the re-aioportionment soon to be madethe capacity of this institution should be and can be so reduced as to

allow the remodeling and utilization of existing buildings for all the

purposes named.

CENTRAL HOSPITAL FOR INSANE.

General Bepairs—We recommend an allowance of $6,000 per an-num for improvement and repair fund.

Painting—We recommend that an allowance of 31.50(3 per annumbe allowed for painting.

Library—We recommend an allowance of $500 per year for library.

Ice JIachine and Befrigerator Plant—We recommend the appro-priation of $10,0(X) requested, with the understanding that the Schoolsfor the Blind and the Deaf and Dumb shall have the privilege of

obtaining ice from this plant in seasons of such emergency as to de-

mand the use of artificial ice.

33

Hejiairs to Greenhouse—We recommend that 8500 bo allowedfor needed repairs to greenhouse.

New Wider Main from East Reservoir—We recommend that

$1,000 be allowed for this purpose.

Replumhing and Improving Bathing Facilities for entire Hospi-tal.

Tliirtij acres of Pasture Land, to afford outlet to 40 acres nowowned by State—We advise the appropriation of $4,500 for this pur-chase.

Fire Escapes—We advise the appropriation of $5,000 for erection

of fire escapes.

SOUTHERN HOSPITAL FOR INSANE.

Improvements and Repairs—We advise that $3,000 per annum beallowed.

To Replace Library and fn- tlie Yearly Fund—We advise that

$1,000 be allowed to replace library, and that $200 per annum beallowed for maintenance of same.

Painting—We advise an appropriation of $500 per annum.

New Boiler House—We advise that $4,000 be allowed for a newboiler house.

New Store House—We advise $2,000 for a new store house.

Railroad Switch Track—We recommend an appropriation of

$10,0(X) for this purpose.

Roads and Grounds—We recommend $750 per annum for roadsand grounds.

Concrete WaR's—We advise $5,000.

Repairs to Sewerage System—We advise an appropriation of

$2,500 for repairs.

Renewing Annex Plumbing—We advise an api^ropriation of $2,000for thorough renovation of plumbing at annex.

Hose and Ladders—We advise $1,000 for this item.

Reconstruction of 3Iale Cottage—We disapprove the propositionto expend $25,0(X) to rebuild this cottage. The building is used for

demented patients, who can be safely and comfortably housed in thepresent one-story structure. Its plan is admirable for this class of

patients, and we only regret that the hospitals have not more suchcottages. We advise such repairs of plumbing, and such paintingand other general repairs as may be needed.

ASYLUM FOR INSANE CRIMINALS.

We recommend that all items requested be allowed.

-3 P. C.

34

SCHOOL FOR DEAF AXD DUMB,

Lihrari/—We advise that $500 per annum be allowed as main-tenance fund.

Otolofjii'dl Ldboi'dtory—We advise that S500 per annum beallowed for maintenance of laboratory.

New Building for Industrial Art and Library—We advise that

$14,8(53.72, as per architect's estimates, be allowed for this building.

BemodeJing and Repairing the Assemhly and Amusement Hall—We advise that $2,970 be allowed for this purpose, as per architect's

estimate.

Fences and Improvement of Grounds—We do not advise that anyappropriations be made for fencing or work upon grounds.

Benewing Fire Alarm and Telephone System—We advise that

$1,200 be allowed for this purpose.

Painting—We advise an allowance of 8500 per year for this

purpose.

Benewing Boofs—We advise an appropriation of $2,500 for re-

pairing and renewing roofs.

Benewing Floors—We advise an appropriation of $1,000.

Bepairinq and Bemodeling Beservoirs—We advise an appropria-

tion of $2,500.

Improving Eficiency of Trade-Schools—We advise an appropria-

tion of 81,000.

SCHOOL FOE BLIND.

We advise that all the items requested be allowed, except those for

repairs to cow barn and j)aving.

ASYLUM FOR FEEBLE-MINDED.

We approve all the items of appropriation asked.

soldiers' orphans' HOME.

We approve all the items asked by this institution. We wouldalso advise the erection of a small, inexj)ensive building, as far re-

moved from the main building as j)racticable, to be used as an isola-

tion hospital.

CHARITABLE EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY.

We approve the items of special appropriations requested by the

Eye and Ear Infirmary. In our opinion, it is absolutely necessar}'

that an addition be made to the main building. This is required in

order to give reasonable hospital care to the patients, and we espe-

cially advise that the request for a new building be allowed.

35

SOLDIERS AND SAILORS HOME.

Repairs and Improvements of Buildings—We advise that $2,500per year be allowed.

Roads and Bridc/es—We advise an appropriation of $500 for

bridges.

Improvement of Grounds—We do not advise that an appropria-

tion be made for this purpose.

Librari/—We advise that $600 per annum bo allowed for library,

upon the understanding that it be in part expended for illustrated

periodicals for the hospital wards and reading-room.

Painting—We advise that $1,000 i^er annum be allowed for jiaint-

ing.

Improvement of Cemetery—We advise that $1,000 be expended in

improving cemetery.

New Chimney for Hospital Boiler-House—We advise that $500be allowed for this purpose.

Repairs and Extension of Greenhouses—We advise that $1,000be allowed to extend and repair greenhouse.

Cow Sheds—We advise $1,000 for additional cow sheds.

Morgue—We advise that $1,000 be allowed for erection of a

morgue.

Assembly Hall—We advise that $10,000 be allowed for a buildingwhich shall give an assembly room of adequate size on the groundfloor.

Repairing and Extending Sewer Bed —We recommend the appro-priation of $2,000 asked for this purpose.

STATE HOME FOR .JUVENILE FEMALE OFFENDERS.

The items for repairing walls, painting fences, library, improve-ment of grounds, including fruit trees, horses, cows and imple-ments, we approve. We do not api^rove the request for raising

water tower for reason shown below.

AVe disapprove the item of $10,0(X) for finishing off the roof story,

1. Because it is our opinion that the State should erect no buildingto lodge inmates above the second story. 2. In view of the rapidlyincreasing demands upon this institution, we believe that a newbuilding should be erected and such hospital rooms as may be nec-essary to accommodate at least 60 girls, and, in our opinion, the$10,000 asked for above can be more effectively and economicallyexpended upon the new building than for finishing this roof story.

In accordance with the above suggestions, we recommend theappropriation of at least $22,000 for a new building.

36

INDUSTRIAL HOME FOR THE BLIND.

We approve the request, but suggest the propriety of hiringstorage rooms for the present.

There are more blind in the State than the enlarged quarters will

accommodate, who are as justly entitled to the State's protectionand aid as are those already housed and employed.

soldiers' widows' home.

We approve of enlarging this institution by erection of a two-story building or buildings of plain and simple construction. Inas-much as these buildings are to be steam heated and electric lighted

and are isolated, we do not regard expensive fire-proof buildings as

necessary. We recommend .$25,000 for a new building or buildingsto accommodate 100 women.

We recommend $500 for horses, cows and carriages as requested.Appropriations for all the other i^urposes asked depend so muchupon the size and character of the new building or buildings, that

we can make no suggestions as to amounts until the plans are deter-

mined.

The following classes of institutions are by law subject to the ex-

amination of the State Board of Charities in Illinois, namely:

1. State charitable institutions, which have been enumerated be-

fore.

2. The county jails and almshouses.

3. Industrial schools.

4. Private insane asylums.

To these various institutions, in the period since the last biennial

report, nearly four hundred visits have been made by various mem-bers of this Board. These visits have been made at irregular inter-

vals and in most cases unannounced. The Board does not under-

take in what follows to discuss all these institutions in detail, butmerely to make suggestions upon those subjects of most immediateimportance or urgency.

For the last biennial period. Illinois appropriated for her State

charities the sum of $2,9B2,550. This is a large amount, yet it is

only one factor in the incalculable sum which the State, by private

an(l public contribution, devotes to the care of the dependent classes.

Scientific investigation has demonstrated its economic value in dis-

covering sources of disease and disability and in suggesting methodsof prevention. We submit that the State cannot afford to conductits charitable institutions merely for the immediate and direct allevia-

tion of suffering and the protection of the inmates—primary andvital as this purpose is. The State has in these institutions great

resources for research and study. Their proper use in furthering

medical education, in promoting scientific investigation is due to the

future of society and to the tax-payers of Illinois. Such use meansno lack of consideration for the sick and helpless charges of the

37

State. On the contrary it means for them now and at once morefaithful, humane care; while it means an effort to benefit future gen-

erations by jjrevention rather than by cure. Work has already beendone in a few of our institutions in accord with above. We makefurther suggestions below, and in regard to others we make no spe-

cific suggestions at this time, although the principle is api:)licable

to all.

BLIND.

The Eye and Ear Infirmary at Chicago, the School for the Blindat Jacksonville, and the Industrial Home at Chicago, constitute the

State provision for the blind. We believe this provision is ami)le in

scope, and when the equipment of the Industrial Home is completed,

and the hospital at the Infirmary enlarged, adequate to the reason-

able needs of the blind, and a credit to the State.

As we have indicated elsewhere, the Infirmary at Chicago shouldbe enlarged, and the Industrial Home must be completed andequipped.

The provision for the deaf and dumb we believe is also generousand creditable to the State. Of course the schools for the deaf anddumb, and for the blind, like all educational institutions, need con-stantly some renewal or increase of equipment.

HOME FOR JUVENILE FEMALE OFFENDERS.

Since the last biennial report of the Board of Charities, this insti-

tution has left its temporary quarters in the city and has moved to

its permanent location near Geneva, in Kane county. It has a fine

piece of land—about 50 acres—overlooking the Fox River and givingopportunities for dairying, gardening, poultry-raising and such out-

door occupations as girls may be taught. The building is of brick,

two stories and attic, divided into sections or flats absolutely distinct,

each having its own dining-room and kitchen superintended by a

matron, thus permitting classification of inmates. The girls are nowtaught house work and sewing—other occupations will be addedas rapidly as practicable. All the girls are now in school half

of each day. Cxirls are placed out in carefully selected homes, wheretheir past history shall prejudice them as little as possible, and wherethey may have the most favorable opportunity for a fresh start in life.

Girls are placed in homes in accordance with section 27 of the act

creating this institution. The Home for Juvenile Female Offendersis administered uijon the theory that, if the girls are to be reformed,they must be given new and better tastes and must be taught a wayto gratify these tastes in the course of earning an honest livelihood.

The trustees and the superint(>ndent are laboring with unusual ear-

nestness, and are entitled to great credit in the organization of this

new institution. The Home is now caring for about 79 girls, it is

already crowded, and such good work should not be limited by lackof equipment or space. We have elsewhere advised the erection of

another simi^le cottage.

38

FEEBLE-MINDED.

The school for the feeble-minded at Lincoln, which now contains

639 children, is crowded far beyond its capacity. Upon its booksare 3G1 urgent applications, of these 102 are for epileptics.

Feeble-minded children and epileptics are found in many alms-

houses and even in some insane asylums. The application list at Lin-coln, however, shows that there arc more children in private families

who need State care than in institutions, jDarents only sending the

child to an almshouse as a last resort.

A notice was sent out through the auxiliary county boards, whichwas published in the summer of 1896 in a portion of the countynewspapers, reqiiesting inf( rmation as to epileptics. As a result of

this, a number of most pitiable cases were reported, indicating that

of which the board is well satisfied from its general information andobservation, namely, that the number of feeble-minded and epileptics

in need of State care is much larger than is apparent at first, andabove all that their presence in the community uncared for and un-protected is dangerous to them and to the public.

The presence of a feeble-minded child in the home of people of

scanty means is usally a great hardship, often making the family in-

capable of self-support. As a matter of economy, it is much wiser

for the State to provide fully for the care of feeble-minded children,

than to leave them in homes which they practically reduce to pauper-

ism by their jDresence. Even if this is not the case, the child can re-

ceive no proper traijiing except by a degree of attention impossible

in an ordinary family, and grows up into a positive menace to the

community in too many cases, whereas, under proper guidance andprotection, such a child may be made, in some cases, almost self-

supporting, and, at least, not dangerous to the community at large.

We are of the opinion that the wisest economy as well as the sound-

est humanity recpiires that the State provide institutional care for

all feeble-minded children whose parents cannot give them propercare and protection at home. As the feeble-minded person never

advances beyond childhood, we believe that the State is justified in

assuming the permanent custody of all those who enter the institu-

tions for the feeble-minded, and who cannot be safely i^rotected bytheir natural or legal guardians.

The State must especially learn the necessity of protecting feeble-

minded women and girls. The moral imbecile is too often held to a

stern responsibility which she cannot even understand, but is not

given the i3rotection and segregation which her feebleness demands.Some of the facts as to parentage given in the list of children in the

Cook county almshouse, shown in the appendix to this report, as well

as similar instances in many a county almshouse, point out the moral

that the State should assume custodial care of this class. We refer

to some of the almshouse reports in this volume for particular cases

in proof of this point.

It was jolainly the original intention that the school at Lincoln

should be a school for improvable feeble-minded children, not epilep-

39

tics. But the pressure for admission has been so great that there are

now at least 135 epileptic children at Lincoln. In our opinion the

Institution at Lincoln should be somewhat enlarged, and we have ap-

proved the request for the erection of a girls' cottage for sixty, and a

house for boys on the farm, to contain about fifty inmates.

EPILEPTICS.

We recommend that the State provide a separate institution for

epileptics, for the following reasons:

1. As the proportion of epileptics is about 1 to 600 of the popula-

tion, making in Illinois an epilei)tic population of about 8,000, from

which the ranks of the dependent epileptics are constantly recruited,

and as the disease is one which at present almost baffles medical skill,

we believe that the State should promote the study of this disease,

with a view to curative or preventive measures. This is only possi-

ble in an institution where such cases can be under constant observa-

tion.

2. The medical treatment and diet of epileptics should be different

from that of feeble-minded children not epileptic.

3. As the Institution at Lincoln was not intended for epileptics,

this class has therefore been discriminated against necessarily in ad-

mitting children. As was stated above, 162 of the 361 applications

now on file are for epileptics, so that a separate institution for epilep-

tics would not only relieve Lincoln of about 25 per cent, of its popu-

lation, but would provide for about 45 per cent, of those on the ap-

plication list.

4. There are also, throughout the State, a large number of adult

epileptics—found occasionally in almshouses—who are able to work

a portion of the time, but whose seizures prevent their employment

in the ordinary aifairs of business life. An institution modeled some-

what after the^ Bielefeld Colony, in Germany, or the Craig Colony, in

New York, seems to us the wisest expedient for the feeble-minded

and epileptics of the State who are now neglected, and whose neglect

is not only causing great suffering, but is entailing an expense which

cannot be estimated^ but which is certain to be very great, upon this

and future generations.

The presence of adults able to work in a place particularly adapted

to their infirmity would prove an economy and great assistance m the

care of the helpless. Doubtless a considerable portion could be prac-

tically self-supporting under conditions which made it possible for

them to work, when able.

We especially urge that this institution should be upon what is

called the colony plan, and advise the purchase of at least one thou-

sand acres of land for this institution. A considerable number ot

small buildings of simple construction will be needed to care for the

various classes of inmates. Not only farming, but various other in-

dustries should be provided, so that the colony shall be as nearly

self-supporting as possible.

40

5. There are in our insane hosj)itals, including Cook county,a considerable number of eiDileptics, probably 7 per cent., or nearly4(X), who are sane between their seizures, or who could be allowedmore liberty than is considered i^rudent in the hospital for the in-

sane. For instance, in the Central Hospital there are 100 epileptics,

of whom the superintendent. Dr. Watson, says: "Ninety per cent,

have lucid intervals, and are all able to work more or less. Theywould be much better off in the country on a farm, where they couldbe regularly employed at out-door work." Good authorities recom-nuMul that a certain proportion of the epileptic insane be transferred

to an epileptic colony. If for no other purpose, we believe that themedical study of the disease makes it desirable that this class of

patients should also be included in the i)Oi)ulation of an epileptic

colony. There is no reason why they cannot be cared for there as

well as in any other institution, if separate means are needed.

Thus there are now:

In the School for Feeble-Minded 125

In the insane hospitals (estimate) 400ApplicMnts for admission to Lincoln

j

162In the almshouses 241

Total. 928

It is safe to say that at least two-thirds of these should be caredfor in a separate institvition. There is also an uncertain numberknown to exist throughout the State, who should be in the care of

the State.

In conclusion, we urge an ejpileptic colony, first, to afford protec-

tion, together with the greatest degree of freedom consistent withthe safety of the inmates and society, for a class of our x)opulation

now suffering, neglected, and too often a i^ublic menace. Second,to provide education, training and industrial pursuits for all whocan be taught or who can work. Third, to appl}'^ the best medicalcare and investigation to the study of epilepsy, so as to insure suchalleviation as possible for the inmates, so as to obtain and diffuse

knowledge as to the nature and prevention of this disease, and so

that, by a careful study of the influence of heredity, the people maybe fully informed of the responsibility of parentage, with the hopethat the future burden of the State and society may be lightened.

41

THE INSANE.

STATE CARE FOR THE INSANE.

The following figures show the population of the various State

institutions for the insane yearly, since 1890:

June 30.

42

of CThent, and Dr. Hartuis of Alt-Scherbitz, and such Americanauthorities as Dr. Wise, formerly superintendent of the St. Law-rence Hospital, N. Y., and the Ohio State Board of Charities favormixed hospitals as against special institutions for the incurableinsane. The mixed hospital gives a working force, which is

an important consideration and reduces the cost of caring properlyfor acute cases. The stamp of hopelessness is set upon the hospitalfor incurables, and it is hard to enlist such medical interest or skill

in its behalf as is necessary to maintain it above the level of an almshouse.

We wish to emphasize the need of a better popular understandingof the fact that insanity is a disease, no more discreditable to the vic-

tim or shameful to his relations than rheumatism.

If the superstitious dread of an insane person could be overcomein the popular mind, many of the mild cases now immured for life

in the institutions could be cared for at home, at a considerable sav-

ing of money to the State. If a proof of this were needed, it couldbe too easily found in some of the chronic insane in almshouses. Inrepeated instances quiet cases returned from State institutions live

with the other inmates without any difference in care, never runningaway, behaving peaceably and usually working far more faithfully

than the sane inmate of equal strength. xVgain, numbers of old per-

sons in various stages of senile dementia are received at the hos-

pitals, not dangerous or unsafe to be at home, nor requiring care

and attention impos.sible at home, but needing a little indulgence for

their vagaries.

In regard to old people we quote from Dr. Loewy, Superintendentof the Northern Hospital, who was asked to report upon this matter.

He states as follows:

Case No. 1. An old lady between 60 and 70 years old, in poor physicalhealth, mental aberration very slight, as shown by simple mental enfeeble-ment. This patient has some means, and her conservator and myself havemade repeated efforts to have her cared for by her sisters, but without result:

and only within the past week have we been able to make arranoremeuts witha neighbor of hers, whei-e she used to live, to care for her. Her means aresufficient to care for her to the end of her daj's.

Case No. 2. A patient aboiit 60 years old, who is slightly exalted mentally,who occasions no trouble, and to my mind could be easily eared for at home,wei'e her relatives willing to put forth the eff(n-t.

Case No. 3. A patient about 70, usually very quiet, no trouble to any one,but as her friends express it, she tires them out.

Case No. 4. Verj^ quiet patient, very slight mental aberration, and has beenhere for several montiis. I have tried to get her children to take care of her,

but they all evade any direct statement by me in regard to taking her home,by stating that they have not time to visit her.

Cases 5 and 6. Patients each about 60, who have some delusions of perse-cution, but I believe could be cai'ed for at home.

Case No. 7. A vei-y quiet patient, slight mental aberration and could beeasily cared for.

Cases 9 and 10. Two old men who are mentally enfeebled, one bed-ridden,but both could be easily cared for at homie, were it possible to make this acompulsory matter.

43

I could cite many more cases, and think tliat on both male and female sidesthere must be between 30 and 40 patients of this kind who could be cared forat home at least part of the j'car; but the friends of the patients evade anyresponsibility in the matter by stating' that they do not want to take thepatients home until full recovery takes place. I have just received a cppy ofthe last report of the Southern California Hospital, and the sui>erintendentmakes reference to cases which he thinks could be cared for at home but forwhat he calls a lack of filial atfection.

Dr. William Watson, Superintendent of the Central Hosxîtal, says:

I have 134'eases of senile insanity; 94 males and 40 females. These peopleare all over fiO yeai's old and might be cared for by tlieir friends, if they werewilling- to take the trouble and cared to look after them.

Judge Orrin N. Carter, County Judê of Cook county, has recentlyremarked upon the number of cases of senile dementia brought be-fore him, and states that they are seldom dangerous or excited, andthat their condition, sent away from the familiar surroundings of

their lives to end their days in a great institution, renders them themost iDitiable of all the insane brought before him.

MEDICAL EDUCATIOX.

If the increase of insanity is to be stemmed by the medical pro-fession, we are satisfied that the general practitioner must be de-pended upon rather than the alienist. The general practitioner seesthe patient when insanity might be arrested. The alienist usuallysees him only when symptoms are unmistakable. The family physi-cian knows the patient in the usual surroundings of his life and candiscern the external causes which may provoke an outbreak. If hewere acquainted with the symptoms of the disease, he could oftenperform a preventive function impossible to the specialist.

We regret to see that several of the recognized medical schools ofthe State do not include mental diseases in their announcement ofcourses, and that the others allot this subject, of such profound im-portance, but meager attention; the schools requiring most in this

regard allowing the subject of mental diseases a credit of 1 out of thetotal 55 required for graduation. We earnestly bespeak the interest

of our medical schools in behalf of more extended courses and betterclinical advantages for this subject, and would heartily favor anyreasonable arrangement with the State hospitals which should secureto students additional opportunities.

INTERNES.

It is largely in view of the importance of a knowledge of insanityto the general practitioner, that we have urged the ai)pointment ofinternes to our State hospitals for the insane. The Boanl wishes to

acknowledge the approval of the Governor and the co(")peration ofthe superintendents in the inauguration of the system of the appoint-ment of internes by annual competitive examinations. The last ex-amination wâs held in Chicago in May, 1896, and resulted in the ap-pointment of 9 internes, 8 men and 1 woman, as follows: 3 to EasternHosjoital, 2 to each of the three other hospitals now in operation. Itis believed that their usefulness to the hospitals and to themselves

44

aiul to the public can be further greatly increased by arranging a

course of work and investigation for them which shall be uniform in

all the institutions.

IMPROVEMENT OF ATTENDANTS IN HOSPITALS FOR THE INSANE.

We believe that the State hospitals for the insane may well excite

the pride of the citizens of Illinois. Their material equipment is

admirable, and, on the whole, their condition has undoubtedl}' neverbeen so good as it is at this time. Such institutions, however, can-not stand still. They must either retrograde or continually improve.

The medical and nursing care should always command our greatest

interest, and it is here, as in educational institutions of the State,

that there must be continuous progress, if there is not to be retro-

gression.

Early in 1896. the State Board of Charities sent out a list of in-

quiries to superintendents of hospitals for the insane in the UnitedStates, regarding attendants or nurses. We present below a conden-sation of the replies received, 58 in number. The inquiries weremade because of the belief of the Board, founded upon careful obser-

vation of hospitals in this and other states, that improvements in

what should be the nursing care of the patients is at present the

greatest administrative need of hospitals for the insane.

In the condensed statement below it will be seen that out of the

fifty-eight state hospitals considered, less than one-half have train-

ing schools.

The general average monthly wage for a working day of sixteen

hours is from eighteen to thirty dollars per month for men, fromtwelve to twenty-five dollars for women. It will be remembered that

the State of Illinois considers eight hours a working day for clerks

and others whose emplo3anent does not carry with it any great

responsibility.

On the other hand, it is, so far as the Board knows, universally

admitted that no work is more exhausting to the nervous systemthan caring for the insane. It requires a disciplined mind and highcharacter to bear calmly and patiently with the violent or annoyingconduct of many insane patients, and to regard all their unreasonand extravagance as symptoms of a disease, no more to be resentedthan a rise in their temperature. Ought the State to expect to ob-tain such qualifications when the hours are twice the legal workingday, and the compensation no better than that of city house ser-

vants?

For the most part the attendants both lodge and eat upon the wards;i. e., practically in the society of their patients. The time duringeach twenty-four hours in which they are permitted to absent them-selves from the ward is two hours or less in forty-seven hospitals, in-

cluding four of those of our own State.

The proportion of attendants to patients, as it actually exists in

the hospitals, is, with few exceptions, much below the number

•p..«s«-^ ..„.„..„„.„....,

45

recommended by the different superintendents of the same institu-

tions. The superintendents, however the conditions of their ownhospitals vary or dejjart from the desired standard, recommend in

thirty-eight cases, (a) training schools, (b) higher wage, (c) housingand boarding of attendants in separate buildings apart from jâtients,

(d) separate night service for the wards—which is the necessaryaccompaniment of boarding and housing attendants in separate

buildings.

A more general employment of women attendants upon men'swards is recommended. This recommendation comes especiall}^

from those superintendents whose standing best entitles their

opinion to respect. There is practically unanimous testimony to thesuperior service obtainable from women. This is ascribed in iârt to

their natural taste for nursing, and in iârt to the fact that more ave-

nues of desirable and lucrative employment are open to men than to

women. We would respectfully submit that, since it is jDossible to

obtain a better grade of service among women than among men for

the same pay, there is good reason, from an economic standpoint, for

urging the most general employment of women practicable. Womenare employed on men's wards in some of the most progressive hospi-tals—including one of the Illinois hospitals. Of course, this doesnot mean that there shall be no men attendants, but points toward a

partial introduction of the system in the general hospitals, withnurses in charge and male orderlies. This system, so far as tried,

has satisfied the humanitarian and the physician alike.

It seems evident to us that, in order to secure proper nursing, thewage must be raised; especially does the women's present wage seemto us inadequate and unfair for the service demanded. The wagepaid cannot invite nor retain, with any certainty, the sort of ability

demanded for the care of the insane. It appears to be the generalopinion of the superintendents, as shown in the "Remarks."" that byincreasing the requirements for an attendant, and also the pay anddignity of the occupation, efficient and humane service can be ob-tained, and in no other way.

Foar of our Illinois hospitals are included in the replies, andprobably present the average condition indicated in the schedule.One of them has a training school for nurses and employs nursesupon men's wards. The one failing to report is in no particular

superior to the four which ajopear in the condensation.

46

VISITING STAFF.

While, as we have stated above, we must depend upon the generalpractitioner to keep people out of the insane hospitals, we must lookto the alienist for improving their medical care after they are re-

ceived into the hospital.

It has proved impossible in all the states to maintain in a hospital

a medical staff of expert alienists. The superintendent, burdened as

he is with the administrative work of the community of from 1,000

to 2,500 souls, which our various hospitals constitute, cannot takepersonal charge, medically, of the patients upon the wards also.

We therefore would recommend a visiting staff' of alienists or spe-

cialists upon mental diseases, who, together with the resident physi-cians, shall constitute the medical staff of the various insane hospi-

tals, such visiting staff' to visit in turn, examine patients, hold clinics

and deliver lectures to the resident jjhysicians, internes and nurses.

We believe that such physicians should be paid for their services.

PATHOLOGIST.

The Board believes that the pathological work of every insanehospital in the State should be thoroughly done. This can only bedone under competent direction, and the Board recommends, as the

most effective and economical method of doing this, the appointmentof a State Pathologist, who shall be a member of the visiting staff,

but shall devote his entire time to the pathological work of the hos-pitals, and shall make the same uniform in character throughout the

State.'

MERIT SYSTEM.

The Board recognizes that such suggestions as above concerningphysicians and nurses must fail, even if nominally carried out, unless

all the positions involved be placed entirely upon a basis of

efficiency.

In fact, the entire administration of these hospitals must, in the

opinion of the Board, depend upon merit, absolutely unmoved byfluctuations of political party fortune, if the institutions are to con-

tinue long free from grave disaster.

COMMISSION^

In view of the statements made above, we would respectfully re-

quest the Governor to appoint a commission of three phj-sicians,

experienced in the care and treatment of the insane, to cooperate withthis Board in formulating and putting into execution plans for se-

curing:

1. A general plan for the future care of all insane by the State.

2. For promoting the most efficient medical and nursing admin-istration of the existing liosj)itals.

47

3. For placing the service of the insane hospitals Upon a basis of

merit only.

CIRCULAR AS TO TRANSFER OF INSANE TO HOSPITALS.

We append copy of a circular sent out September 1, 1896. Thiswas followed by a letter to all county judges, calling their attention

to the fact that, under the provisions of the lunacy law, they havepower to direct how insane patients shall be transferred to the hos-

pitals. We have reason to believe that these efforts to improve the

care of insane patients prior to arrival at insane hospitals have hadsome good effect, but the matter still needs earnest attention.

State of Illinois,Office of the Board of State Commissioners of Public Charities,

Springfield, September 1, 1896.

lo County Judges and Sheriffs, and to the Piihlic:

Instauces luive lately come to the knowledge of the State Board of PiibUcCharities in which insane patients have been seriously neglected and injuredwhile confined in jails, or have been conveyed from their respective countiesto the State hospitals in irons, and otherwise excessively or improperly re-

strained.

This is due to nolack of humane feeling or good will on the part of any one,but solely to the difficulty in managing violent or excited insane patients,which must be felt by those inexperienced or untrained in their care.

After consultation with the superintendents of the State hospitals, the StateBoard of Charities therefore makes the following suggestions to county offi-

cials or others charged with the responsibility of conveying insane persons tohospitals

:

1. Whenever possible, the examination should be so timed that the patientcan be taken at once to the hospital without being kept at the jail. Manypatients feel keenly the disgrace of being treated as criminals and placed injail.

2. Do not place the insane patient, in any case, with the prisoners in jail,

while awaiting examination or while awaiting transfer to hospital. The' pa-tient is a sick person, not a criminal, and has a right to protection and carefrom the State. A sepai'ate room, which is safe and comfortable, should beprovided, and should be large enough to accommodate an attendant or nurse,if there is any risk of patient's self-injury. A stout chair, fastened to thefloor, may be placed in such a room for the restraint of violently excitedpatients.

3. Do not deceive patients. Do not make untrue statements as to theirdestination. Do not tell them they are going to friends or to a hospital for afew days, and can leave at their pleasure. If possible, make them under-stand their situation as kindly and considerately as if they were sane, and donot try to manage them by deceit. Such deceit not only destroys confidencein frieiuls, l)jit also too often in the hospital nianagemcut, so that the patientfeels himself the victim of a conspiracy to which the hospital is a party, andthus enters its walls with a great barrier to improvement, in his distrust ofall those who have the care of him.

4. Do not permit tlie use of ii-ons under any circumstances. Leather re-straint bands are ade^juate in all cases, and not only is the moral effect ofbeing manacled injurious to the patient, but the sp(3ctacle of a sick person,however delirious, conveyed to a hospital like a dangerous criminal taken tothe penitentiary, is demoralizing to the public, and tends to keep alive thepublic impression that insanity is not far from crime.

48

5. Proper leather restraint should be owned by every county. Restraintof any kind is unnecessary in most cases, and should be used only as a lastresort, and then after consultation with a physician, and as he directs.

(). If patients are violent or hard to manage, it is advised that the super-intendent of the hospital to which the patient is committed be telegraphed,and asked to send an experienced attendant, male or female, as the case maybe. This can be promptly done, and will cost the counties or friends no morethan the present plan. The retention of the patient for a few hours longer is

far less dangerous to him, and injures his chance of recovery less, than arailroad journey in charge of some one not skillful in the care of insanepatients.

The superintendents of all the hospitals for the insane approve of this sug-gestion, and will promptly send an attendant or nurse for conveying, or as-sisting the shei'iff to convey, patients in their respective districts.

The Board of Public Charities earnestly requests the coopei-ation of officials

and of the public in this, as in all its efforts to improve the care of the insaneof Illinois, and to increase the chances of their recovery.

Yours respectfully, Arthur R. Reynolds, M. D., President,George W. Curtiss,Julia C. Lathrop,James McNabb.

Geo. F. Miner, Secretanj.

PRIVATE HOSPITALS FOE THE INSANE.

Under the Lunacy Law of this State the Board of Commissioners of

Public Charities is directed to license all private insane hospitals

and to formulate by-laws as to their administration. Such licenses

are good for twelve months and must be renewed annually, in order

that the institutions may lawfully exist. If there is a change in the

management of a private hospital, the law requires that the Board benotified and that the license be transferred in the discretion of the

Board.

During 1896 application was made to this Board for permission to

transfer from Dr. Anna McFarland to Dr. George C. McFarland the

license granted by this Board to Dr. Anna McFarland to carry on the

private hospital for the insane known as Oak Lawn and situated at

Jacksonville. After careful examination of the case, the Board de-

clined to consent to the transfer of license to Dr. George C. McFar-land. Notwithstanding the refusal of the Board, Dr. George C. Mc-Farland has continued to carry on the hospital. The Board has

therefore referred the matter to the Attorney General for prosecution

as by law directed. Sec. 33 Lunacy Law.

It is plain that the jorovisions of the Lunacy Law in regard to

licensing private insane hospitals are intended as a protection to the

public and a guarantee of good conduct. Such a law is not only a

protection to the public and to the insane patients received into pri-

vate hosjntals, but is also a protection to private hospitals which are

carried on faithfully and humanely.

We trust that the decision of the Supreme Court may be speedily

obtained as to the provisions of Lunacy Law covering the licensing

of private hospitals, to the end that the law may be amended if nec-

essary.

49

The private hospitals for the insane now licensed are

:

Bellevue Place. Batavia.

Dr. F. C. Winslow's Private Hospital, Jacksonville.

SOCIETY FOR AIDING CONVALESCENTS DISCHARGED FROM STATEHOSPITALS FOR INSANE.

We commend to private benevolence the temporary care of conva-lescent patients discharged from the insane hospitals. Persons thusdischarged as recovered struggle under great disadvantages in manyinstances in trying to obtain opportunities to earn a living, and it is

the observation of all superintendents that discouragement and dis-

appointment have frequently brought on another attack of insanity

and compelled a return to the hospital, which might have beenavoided if, on leaving the institution, the patient had enjoyed a little

friendly help. A small yearly sum and a moderate amount of per-

sonal interest would perform a most humane and useful service in

carrying on a society for the assistance of patients discharged fromthe State hospitals, and we commend the subject of the organizationof such a society to the attention of philanthropic citizens. Thereare two societies for this i^urpose in Paris, whicli are reported as

most beneficent in their result.

THE AUXILIARY BOARDS OF COUNTY VISITORS.

These boards have jjroved valuable in some counties already, buthave by no means reached their full measure of usefulness through-out the State. A pamphlet containing reports from such as had per-

formed active service was issued by this Board during the year. Weappend a list of the visitors who made reports in July. 1896, togetherwith statement of visits made. In some counties marked imj^rove-

ment in the equij^ment and administration of the almshouses hasbeen secured, and less frequently imi^rovements in the jails.

We feel that it is for public interest that these volunteer and un-paid i^ublic servants should be encouraged in a wise and vigorousperformance of their duties of visiting the county jails and poor-houses, and keeping themselves fully informed as to their condition.

Yearly conferences addressed by experts in the care of dependentsand in preventive measures, and where full opportunity for discus-sion is allowed cannot but j^rove most valuable, and are essential as

a means of educating public sentiment in the State.

At the State Conference of Charities held in November. 189(i. it

was found that the attendance of auxiliary visitors was smaller thanhad been hoijed, and in rejoeated cases the members of the auxiliaryboards stated that they could not afford to attend. We would recom-mend that the legislature permit the State Board to pay the railroadfare only to the State Conference, of one delegate from each county.

P. C.

50

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57

Au.riliary Boards of Visitors.

Counties. Names. Address.

Adams.

Alexander

,

Bond.

Boone.

Brown

Bureau

Calhoun

Carroll.

Cass

Champaign

.

Christian.

Clark

Clay

Clinton

Coles.

Cook.

John W. BrownMrs. Edward ShannonW. F. GrinstedLizzie L. PowellGeorge DeGilderB. F.Cook. M.DC. E. DavidsonMrs. B. F. SeamanChas. D. Carpenter, M. D .

.

G. W. MurehMiss Margaret ParkhillChas. B. Dearborn, M. D .

.

John FloundersMrs. M. A. O'NeillC. A. Palmer, M. DJ. H. WelshMrs. Lorenzo D. Whiting.

.

John E. WatsonG. A. Williams. M. DSarah MortlandNelson PinedollarE. T. E. BeckerMrs. Mary T. Haldei-man .

.

;J. F. Snyder. M. D[.r. N. GridleyMrs. Oswell SkilesJ. T. Fuffate, M. DHenry TrevettLottie SwitzerH. A. Sterns, M. DHenry JayneSarah Leroy Chamberlain

.

Cyrus HarlanB. A. SweetMrs.Londell HandleyJames M. Boyles, M. DJohn W. SullivanMrs. Alice M. GastonThomas E. Alsop, M. D....Rev. A. DuenningCora VanHoorbeckeCharles B. Fry, M. DJames L. ScottMrs. WiJJi«fB Hii^-hlaudSanger Brown. M. 1)

IIAllen Lester Fowler'Mrs. Loriiine C. Collins

Crawford E. E. Price. M. DiDavid M. BalesjMrs. x\:>ncy Titus

Cumberland J. H, Yaiuiway.M. DII

William ( irismoreiMrs. Jacey Conor

DeKalb George Nesbitt, M.DS. B. StimsonMrs. H. M. Stevens

DeWitt IC. R. Adair" G. W. Hyde, M.D" Mrs. Dr. Tyler

DouglassIW\ E. Rice, M. D

'^! A. B. SawyersMrs. W. R. Johnson

DuPage H. W. Vanderhoff. M.D...John Colvin

" Mrs. H. J. TraverEdgar Z. T. Baum. M. D

II I

Frederick R. AugustusiMrs. George E. Lcviugs. ..

Edwards J. S.Williams, M. DHon J. S. KeavingtoniMrs. E. B. Herrick

Quincy

Cairo .

.

Beech RidgeGreenville..

.

Belvidere.

Mt. Sterling.MoundsMt. Sterling.Princeton . .

.

Hardin

Mt. Carroll ,

Virginia

.

UrbanaChamijaign.

Taylorville

.

Marshall.

Louisville

Carlyle

Mattoon

CharlestonChicago

EatonRobinson

.

Toledo -

SycamoreSandwich.Sycamore.Clinton . .

.

Tuscola.

Wheaton

Paris

Albion ,

58

Auxiliary Boards—Continued.

Counties. Names. Address.

Effingham F. W. Goodell, M. D EffinghamI.John Read Mason[Mrs. Mary Gihnore Cornwell Effinj^ham

Fayettej

W. B. Henryj

Vandalia" Mrs. Chauncey Dean !

"Ford J. :\r:ihan. M. I) jPaxton

William (4r;iyson I "" Mrs. .(. P. Middlecoff

I

"Franklin A. U. Orr, M, 1) Benton

" Henry Hudson 1"

" Mrs. Phronia Hudelson i

"Fulton B. M. Wagoner, M. D Lewistown

*' Mrs. Julia Brown Strode "Gallatin Alexander H. Colvard, M. D Shawneetown .

I'(xcorge Gr. RoseJMrs. Charles Carroll I

Greene James Squires. M. D 'Carrollton" Charles Bradshaw "" Mrs. T. C. Hussey i

"Grundy G. T. Nelson, M. D Morris

" Rev. S. H. Swartz.Mrs. Mary Walsh .

,

Hamilton W. W. Hall, M. D McLeansboroJ. H. WilsonMrs. S.J. Parks

Hancock James H. Callahan, M. D CarthageJohn FletcherMrs. William C. Hooker .

Henderson I. F. Harter, M. D;

'

CD. LantMrs. Florence Patterson

.

Henry James C. Smiley, M. D .

.

R. H. Hinman" Mrs. Elizabeth V. Eddy .

Iroquois B. L. Evans, M. DI

J ames ParkerNancy H. Lawrence

Jackson W. T. Ingram, M. DMrs. Sai ah C. Hanson

Jasper A. A. Franke, M. DHale -JohnsonMary Martin

Jetferson Earl Green. M. D IMt. Vernon.JohnT. Crackell

1

Mrs. George W. Evans "Jersey A. A. Shope, M. I) Jerseyville .

Hon. eloseph M. PageMrs. Walter E. Carlin

JoDaviess H. F. (iunn, M. D Galena" John Dallyn "Mrs. Charles Scheerer "

Johnson J. M. C. Damron, IVI. D [Vienna|G. L. Stoiit "1 Mrs. G. F. Gray !

"Kane

i Henry Wadsworth [Geneva"

IJohn H. Corey, M. D !

"Kankakee C. P. Smith. M. D Kankakee .."

Geoi-ge Haling •"Mrs. Wesley Bonfleld

Kendall Robert A. McClelland Yorkville . .

.

William Crimmin i

Mrs. L. J. JeterKnox J. H. Findley, M. D Galesburg..

jDr. Lawrence R. Ryan, Mrs. Samuel Fletcher.

Stronghurst.Gladstone . .

.

OquawkaKewaneeCambridge .

.

Watseka.

Murphysboro

Newton

Lake .

LaSalle.

Lawrence

Lee.

Livingston.

T. C. Foley, M. D ; Wankegan ....

J. R. Dady "

Mrs. H. F. Norton "Clark V. Provins, M. D OttawaJohn Hazlitt "Helen V. Swift

|

"Z. D. French, M. D iLawrcnceville.J. W. McCleave

;;Mrs. Lafayette BarnesDr. E. J. Nagle DixonJ. P. .lohnson [

"J. J. Stites, M. D IPontiacCharles Tuesburg ||

Mrs. Thomas Williams ' "

60

A uxiliary Boards—Concluded.

Gouaties. Names. Address.

Scott

Shelby.'.!

Stark..;;!

St. Clair'.

Stephenson

Tazewell

Union

Vermillion .

.

Wabash

Warren

Washingnton.

Wayne

White.;;;;;;;

Will..;;;;;;;;

Williamson .

Winnebago .

.

Woodford . .

.

I

William C. Day.M. DMartin L. McDonoughEdward J. FrostA. J. Iliimpbrey, M. DMax KleeiiianMagrsie HoxeyW. f. Hall.M.DFrank BerfieldIMrs. Martha McClenahanC. G. Raybill.M. DCol. C. P. FleischheinMrs. Louisa HeinfeldenJoseph GiblerAdaline Goodriche Soule. M. D.

I William E. Schenck.M. D[Mrs. Laura MillerGeo. W. CunninghamIJ.LHale.M. D'J. D. BentonMrs. M. C. Crawford

! Robert L. O'Ferral.M. DGeo. M. McDowelliMr<. Rose B. DodgeJ. E. Inskeep.M. D'G. E. KingsburyMrs. Mary A. TurnerHugh Marshall, M. D.Jas. P. FirovidMrs. Hattie A. TurnbullJ. J. Troutt.M. D

' H. N. RountreeMrs. Ed ward MerrickJas. T. Walters. M. DL J. RiderMrs. Emily GeorgeDaniel Berry, M. DR. V. H. CrozierMrs. A. E. ClaytonH. W. Woodruff, M. DJ. W. Mount|Mrs. R. E. BarberAlonzo M. Edwards•I. C. CopelaudMrs. M. C. Campbell

iF. H. Kimball. M. D

i Fay Lewis'Mrs. Katherine Keeler;M. B. Crawford, M. D{Dominic JacquinMrs. Elmira Dickinson

Winchester

Lakewood .

.

Shelbyville.

Toulon....

Belleville.

Freeport...

PekinjMackinaw .

PekinAnnaDongola ...

-Jonesboro

.

Danville. ..

Mt. Carmel.

Monmouth.

Nashville..

Fairfield...;

Carmi

Joliet

Marion

Rockford...

Eureka

STATE CONFERENCE OF CHARITIES AND CORRECTION.

As indicated above, the visits of members of tiie Board of PublicCharities to the various counties of the State convinced them that anannual conference of the Auxiliary Boards of Visitors, the superin-

tendents of State institutions and of all others interested or engagedin the care of the dependent and delinquent classes in the State wouldprove of much service in diffusing throughout the State a more gen-eral public interest in problems which are little understood and whichhave a vital relation for every taxpayer, as well as an interest for

humane citizens. Such State conferences have been held in various

other states for years with good results. The State Board of Chari-

ties therefore called a State Conference of Charities and Correction,

which was hekl in Si^ringfield. November 12 and 18, 1896, of whichwe append program

:

61

Thursday, November 12.

morning session, 10 a. m.

Enrollment of delegates.Address of welcome, Governor John P. Altgeld.Address, Dr. Arthur R. Reynolds, Pres. Board of Charities.

Organization.Reports of Auxiliary Boards of County Visitors.

How Shall We Care for Neglected and Dependent Children? Lucy L. Flower,Trustee State University.The Legal Status of the Dependent Child, Judge Orrin N. Carter.Discussion.

AFTERNOON SESSION, 2 P. M.

The Provisional Treatment of the Insane, and the Methods of Securing LegalAuthority for their Restraint, Dr. Sanger Brown, Member Board of AuxiliaryVisitors, Cook county.

Discussion, opened by Dr. F. H. Kimball, Rockford; Judge Orrin N. Car-ter, Chicago; Dr. Mathews, Springfield, and others.The Principle of Charity Organization in Towns and Villages, Rev. C. R.

Henderson, Ujiiversity of Chicago.The Progress of One Year in Sti-eator, Rev. J. L. Duncan, Secretary Strea-

tor Association of Charities.Discussion, opened by Phillip W. Ayers, Ph. D., Secretary Chicago Bureau

of Charities.Exhibition by pupils from State School for Deaf and Dumb, Jacksonville,

EVENING SESSION, 8 P. M.

Address, Jenkin Lloyd Jones.A Doctor's Plea to the State in Behalf of Dependent Children, Dr. Julia

Holmes Smith.The Settlement, Miss Jane Addams.Discussion.

Friday, November 13.

morning session, 9 a. m.

State Care of the Insane, Dr. Clarke Gapen, Kankakee.Discussion, opened by Dr. D. R. Bnnver, Chicago.Reports Auxiliary Boards.The Poor-house from a Physician's Point of View, Dr. George F. Mead,

Pinckneyville.Discussion, opened by Dr. M. H. Cleary, Galena.How to Make Manual Training Most Effective in the Education of Neg-

lected Children, Prof. Bamberger, Superintendent Judd St. Manual TrainingSchool, Chicago.

Discussion.

AFTERNOON SESSION, 1:30 P. M.

The County Jail, Dr. Frederick Howard Wines.State Care of the Wrong-doer, Major McClaughry, Poutiac.Discussion, opened by H. H. Hart, Secretary Minnesota State Board of

Charities.Reception by Governor and Mrs. Altgeld, Executive Mansion, 3 to 5.

Music by students of State School for Blind, Jacksonville.

62

The conference formed a permanent organization with the follow-ing officers for the ensuing year:

President—Jenkiu Lloyd Jones, Chicago,Vice President—Fay Lewis, Rockford,Secretary—Mrs. Jouu Lutz, Lincoln,

Executive Committee.

- Secretary of the State Board of Charities ex-officio clerk of the executivecommittee.

The proceedings of the Board have been published, and form avaluable contribution to the literature of the State upon the subjectspresented.

DEPENDENT CHILDREN.

The State, through its law of guardian and ward, has long said to

the rich child, when the normal family relations were for any reasondestroyed, "You are a ward of the State; your name is upon therecords of the court; you shall not be lost; your estate shall be usedfor your education, and the guardian appointed by the court shall

re]3ort his stewardship.'"

Because the child deprived of natural family care has no estate,

there is not less, but more, reason for public watchfulness. Fromthe ranks of neglected, untaught, unprotected children we have noright to expect that upright, self-respecting, self-sustaining citizens

will grow.

The law of Illinois regarding dependent children presents anomalieswhich have certainly never been purposed by any one, and whichpublic interest demands should be eliminated.

The county court can find a child "'dependent'" under the industrial

school acts, as follows:

PART OF SEC. 3 IN AID OF INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS FOR GIRLS.

"Evei-y female infant who begs or receives alms while actually selling or pre-tending to sell any article in public; or who frequents any street, alley orother place for the purpose of begging or receiving alms; every female infantwho shall have no permanent place of abode, or who shall not have properparental care, or guardianship; or who shall not have sufficient means ofsubsistence, or who from any cause shall be a wanderer through streets andalleys or other public places; or who shall live with, or fi-equent the companyof, or consort with reputed thieves or other vicious persons; or who shall befound in a house of ill-fame, or iu any prison or in a poor-ho\ise."

FART OF SEC. 3 OF ACT TO PROVIDE FOR AND AlD TRAINING SCHOOLSFOR BOYS.

"Every boy who fi-equents any street, alley or other place for the purpose of

begging or receiving alms; every boy who shall have no permanent place of

abode, proper pai-eutal care or giiardianship; every boy who shall not havesufficient means of subsistence; or who from other cause shall be a wandererthrough streets and alleys or other public places; and every boy who shall

live with, or frecjueut tlie company of, or consort with reputed thieves orother vicious persons."

63

The definition of "'dependent child" under these statutes is prob-ably sufficiently broad to cover all cases in which the child's normalfamily protection has been so broken down that public interest andhumanity demand the intervention of the State.

The anomaly in the law is discovered, when it is shown that after

the judge has thus found a child dependent, he can, under thestatute, disijose of the child in but one way, namely, by confiding it

to the care of an industrial school—a private corporation. Theschool or some ofiicer thereof becomes its guardian, having a right

to retain, during minority, or to discharge at any moment.

Again, it is found in practice that parents whose children are

abandoned to almshouses are nevertheless able to legally and suc-cessfully resist efforts to place the children in homes or give themfor adoption.

As the counties are compelled by law to pay ten dollars monthlyfor each child placed in an industrial school, while the child may beretained in the almshouse at a much lower apparent cost, or it canbe left in its bad surroundings at no immediately evident cost to thecounty, many counties object to the expense of placing the child in

an industrial school, and when the supervisors or county authoritiesdo so object, it is difficult or impossible to obtain commitments to

the industrial schools.

Again, there is, as indicated above, no law forbidding the indefinite

detention of children in almshouses, and many children pass throughthe almshouses of this State yearly, through no fault of their own,receiving not only the stigma of pauperism, but the taint of poor-house associations.

Our last report instanced in detail some of the evils of bringing upchildren in the poor-house, and it is unnecessary to again set forthspecial instances. It is true that the majority of children who are in

the poor-houses do not grow up and marry inmates, as has sometimesoccurred, but the history of pauperism in this State, so far as it canbe traced, shows that the associations of the poor-house in the parentsbreed de^Dendency in the children, as has been demonstrated by longfamily histories in older communities.

The Board renews its former recommendation that the retention ofany normal child between the ages of two and sixteen years in anyalmshouse, should be forbidden by law. It recommends that thecounty court should have the power, upon finding the child depend-ent, to place him in an industrial school, or in a private family at nogreater cost, or to make such other disposition as he may deem for

the best interest of the child. It recommends that, by agents, to beappointed by this Board, or by such other means as may be deemedwisest, the character of the homes into which children thus "placedout" are sent, shall be frequently and faithfully examined, and theeducation and proper maintenance of the child carefully sui)ervised,and that the same shall be reported to the county from wliieli thechild comes, and to the body appointing the visiting agent. TheStates of Michigan and Massachusetts ofl'er examples of state care of

64

dependent children, which we cannot afford to neglect or fail to imi-

tate in such measure as best accords with our existing system of in-

dustrial schools. The State of Michigan maintains a State School,Massachusetts has abolished hers as unnecessary. In both states theessential feature is a system of "placing out" children by the state

itself.

At the last session of the legislature a law was enacted authorizingcounty judges to take children having no parents out of poor-housesand to place them in homes without cost to the county. It was be-

lieved by some that this law would remove the children from the alms-houses, but it has, failed to do so, and cannot touch, of course, theclass of cases above referred to. in which vicious and irresponsible

parents compel county officials to maintain their children in the alms-house year after year. In preparing this report, the Board sent a

letter to every county judge in the State, as follows:

"Dear Sir:

"I. Will you please state how many, if any, children you have releasedfrom almshouse and placed in homes under the statute approved June 21,

1895?

"II. Will you please make any suggestions you can as to needed changesin the law regarding destitute, neglected or dependent children?

"A reply at your earliest convenience will be a favor to the State Board ofCharities. Kindly answer upon this sheet, if practicable, and forward in en-closed envelope."

Replies were received from 55 judges. In 54 cases no use hadbeen made of this statute. In one case one child had been committedunder this act.

In a few cases suggestions were made by county judges. Wequote as follows:

Hon. Chas. H. Donnelly, McHenry county:

"I would suggest that more power and authority be given to the countyjudge in regard to the control of dependent boys, and some of tlie powerwhich is now vested in the trustees of training schools be taken away. In myopinion, the county court ought to be vested with full power to release fromsuch institution any child, whenever, upon a proper showing, in his opinion,si^ch child should be released."

Hon. Rufus C. Bailey, Winnebago county:

"I would suggest a change giving authority to the court or some proper tri-

bunal, for instance, the judge and chairman of the county board or acommittee appointed bj' the county board, to place such children in privatefamilies, and, when necessary, to pay for their care in such families for^areasonable time and charge the county with the same."

Hon. Orrin N. Carter, Cook county:

"I believe the law regarding dependent children should be changed in sucha manner that the authorities managing industrial and training schools shouldreport to the couuty court of each county once every six montlis, the disposi-tion made during the six months last past before such report, of the childrencommitted to the school from such couut3\"

"I think I should also be in favor of an amendment to the law, forbidding thekeeping of children in an industrial or training school longer than, say, oneyear, without an order of the court which committed the child to the school,permitting on proper showing such child to be kept a longer period of time."

Ob

Hon. Colostin D. Myers, McLean county:

I think it were well if the law relatine: to homes or schools for dependentehildren was amended to allow the eourt in which ihe proceeding's for com-mitment are had to retain jurisdiction of the case with power to discliaro^e or

vacate the order of connnitment upon proper showing.

Also that provision be made that the court may by summary process coni-

pel a parent to contribute to the support of the child and the expense while it

remains an inmate.

In more than one instance I have known that parents were unfit and do notcare and control their children but have means whereby they could andshould be compelled to support them. While the salvation of children shouldbe of first concern, yet it is an imposition upon the public to relieve the par-

ents of their naturaf and pi'oper burden if they have means.

Hon. Robert H. Lovett, Peoria county:

The law with reference to dependent children should be changed so thatgirls past the age of thirteen (13) taken from houses of ill-fame should not besent to the same industrial school with virtuous chikb'en. Virtuous childrenshould not be compelled to associate with lewd ones. I will not send themthere. I refused yesterday to send a wayward girl (16 years of age) to ourIndustrial School. The Trustees of these schools should be compelled to find

homes for children in a certain number of years. They get children in andnever get them oiit. This means a great expense to the count3^

The Home should be under the direct control of the Board of Public Chari-ties and the board of Supervisors.

Hon. Carl E. Epler, Adams county:

Dependent boys, and boys under 10 years of age stealing and not liable, asunder age, to commit crime, need attention. The law provides for their be-ing sent to industrial schools, but provides no schools, leaving that to privateenterprise. Lack of room for such boys and lack of proper attention andcare will impose them upon the State as paupers and criminals if not cai'ed

for by the State.

Hon. Isaac Hudson; Moultrie county:

I have had but one such case called to my attention under the new law andthe law did not apply to it because the father of the children is living. Thecircumstances in that case were such that I believe some amendment is neededto make the law fit such conditions.

The children were taken to the poor farm and left by their father. I thinkif possible the law should be amended so as to fit cases of abandonment, andin case a parent on account of worthlessness or dissolute habits fails to pro-vide for his or hei' children, it should be regai'ded as abandomnent. Suchchildren are frequently in a worse condition tiian if they had no parents liv-

ing, and the future welfare of themselves and the conununity requires thatthey should be provided with better surroiindings.

P.O.

()(•)

INDUSTRIAL SCHOOLS.

The laws under wliicli the Industrial Schools of the State exist

were enacted because of a profoundly humane and generous feeling.

They are a recognition of the fact that the child of neglect must becared for in new surroundings if he is to become a useful citizen andnot a menace to the community. So rapid has been the growth of

the State, and unfortunately so correspondingly rapid has been thegrowth of a class of dei^endent and neglected children, that the greatindustrial schools, especially those for boys, are sadly over-crowded,and their proper and legitimate work rendered difficult by the fail-

ure of our present law to provide the judge with authority to disposeof the child in any way save by sending it to an industrial school.

The schools have an absolute power of discharge, which is neces-sary in certain cases, but which is liable to abuse, since the child

who may be discharged from the school for a good and sufficient

reason is not remanded to the court under the law, but is left in thesame situation as before he was declared dependent. A case wasrecently brought to the notice of this Board, supported by swornstatement, in which the county court, after a full hearing, adjudgeddependent a boy of 6 or 7, directing the father to pay the board of

the child at school. The father was known to be irresponsible finan-

cially. Both parents had been proven in court to be improper per-

sons to have the custody of the child, yet the mother applied to the

officer of the school for the child and he was given back to her.

Thus upon the same day upon which the court had determined that

the mother was an unfit person to have the child, and as compelledunder the law had confided the child to the guardianship of the

school during his minority, the school abandoned the guardianshipto this same parent. While we trust that such instances are rare, wesubmit that the possibility of their occurrence shows the wisdom of

the county judges above quoted in advising that the powers of the

county court be extended.

AVe believe that such legislation as we have advised above is en-

tirely in the interest of the proper management of industrial schools.

The existence of the industrial schools in Illinois renders unneces-sary the establishment of the State school, which might be necessaryif the industrial schools did not exist or could not be utilized for

temporary care in cases demanding it. The legislation advised will

protect the industrial schools in their legitimate work and tend to

prevent the over-crowding now so prejudicial to their usefulness.

()7

Quarterly reports under the headings shown below for the schools

for boys and girls respectively are now filed with this Board.

St. Mary's School at Feehanville now cares for nearly 400 boys.

The economy and efficiency of its administration is most admirable.

It needs, in our opinion, enlarged buildings, so arranged as to af-

ford hotter opportunity for separating different classes of boys. It

also needs some improvements in the plumbing and bathing arrange-

ments, especially good and sufficient bath rooms. The location of

this school upon the Des Plaines River is ideal.

The school at Glenwood has about 250 boys. It has the advant-

age of a system of separate cottages, which permit somewhat morepersonal supervision and separation of inmates. The location here,

too, is excellent.

The Chicago Industrial School for Girls, on 49tli and Prairie

Avenue, is an admirably well ordered institution. It cares for anaverage number of about 16.'3. The school teaching is above the

average found in such institutions, and there is a careful use of the text

books used in the public schools, wdiich we specially commend. Theindustrial work is good and practical, and the children seem well

cared for.

The Illinois Industrial Training School for Girls at South Evans-ton has much improved its grounds and has erected a handsome ad-

dition to its buildings since our last report.

The Industrial School for Girls at Peoria has an average of about36 inmates.

It is the opinion of the Board that all of the schools which en-

deavor to place girls out in country homes, should also make a point

of teaching them dairy work, the care of poultry and gardening, andshould endeavor to interest them and make them proficient in those

occupations which pertain to country life. And for this reason weconsider that such schools should be situated in the country. Weappend below statements of the industrial schools above named.

()8

^

CO

Average uuniber of

69

EDUCATION AT THE SOLDIERS* ORPHANS' HOME.

During the Last year a building for manual training has been— "^ "^""'lai train-

mder 14,

)1 be ap-lave sole

tion. It

t to the; in edu-and de-

:1 elders

Sculties

)V great

g. TheI of the

e Board3 Boardling the

to their

be paide insti-

limited

FORM Fl)K t^UAHTERLY REPORT OF INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR «IRLS-BOYS.

MnJe in pursuftnco to Si>ctioii of nu Ai-t to provide nid for Iiidustrinl Scliools tor , and to Section 3 o£ an Aci to provide tor the appointment of ii Board of Coininiseioners of PuWit; Chnritio«, nnd defining tUoir duties and iwni'i

Rvpurt of localad at of iiH innmlcs supi>orleil in w}ioleariii ptivi lU puhlir. fo^immn fn miil fnuli

Qunrlcv ending '•"

69

EDUCATION AT THE SOLDIEKS' ORPHANS' HOME.

During the last year a building for manual training has beenerected at this institution. We would recommend that manual train-

ing be made a part of the educational plan for the children under 14,

and that a head teacher or superintendent for the school be ap-pointed, who shall under the Superintendent of the Home have sole

charge and direction of all the educational work of the institution. It

is particularly necessary that this school should be brought to thehighest possible efficiency. There are inherent difficulties in edu-cating large numbers of children thus gathered together and de-

prived of that intimate association with their parents and elders

which forms so large a part of natural education. These difficulties

are not realized at first, but they exist and can only be met by greatefPort to make the school practical, interesting and stimulating. TheBoard trusts that it may be made a manu.al training school of thebest type and a model to the State.

In pursuance of the same principle which has influenced the Boardin recommending the placing out of children in homes, the Boardwould advise that these children be placed in homes on reaching theage of 14 years or before if possible, and that when necessary to their

proper schooling or training until they reach 16, a sum shall be paidfor their board, not exceeding the cost of maintenance in the insti-

tution, but that the period of their retention in the Home be limitedto the present age of 14 years.

70

COUNTY JAILS IN ILLINOIS.

I shall confine myself strictly to that half-way house in the criminal jour-

ney—the county jail. There is not time to discuss its connection with the

police station, to'which it is related on the one side, nor the penitentiary to

which it leads on the other, nor its friendly neighbor, the poorhoiise. Wemust leave tliese, and many other connected matters to suggest their own re-

lations.

There are, however, some questions concerning the county jail of such far-

reaching importance that good is probably done whenever we compel our-

selves to recall them; we may as well admit that we are obliged to compelourselves—the subject is dull and hateful. It nuay be more important, in-

trinsically, than Venezuela, or the currency, but it is certainly less enter-

taining. We take the comity jail, and its inmates, for granted, as a neces-

sary evil, an inevitable result of the inscrutable decree of Providence, whichmade the doctrine of total depravity supposable. We accept it with a certain

complacent resignation, as men used to accept the plague. We forget the

rest of the analogy, and fail to remember that as the 13,000 leprosy houses of

Europe in the middle ages are gone because well men have learned to keepclean, not because sick men have been cured, so the county jail may dis-

appear because we cease to manufacture criminals by its baneful contagion

—

not by reforming them after they are made. Let us see if we can afford to

ignore this subject. On the day when the federal census was taken in 1880

there were 12,()U1 prisoners in county jails. Ten years later, the census of

1890 showed 19,538—an increase of o3 per cent.—while the population had in-

creased only about 25 per cent, in the same period. Such sinister figures as

these clo not need their corresponding columns of increased expenditures to

alarm any thoughtful person. If crime or every accusation of crime is to in-

crease twice asl'ast as the population the millenium is indefiiiitely postponed.

Without trying to get at causes beyond the sul)ject, is it fair to charge the

county jail with any responsibility for this increase?

How are our county jails described by competent authorities? Sixty-five

years ago the French government sent DeTocqueville to this country to in-

vestigate our penitentiary system. He said our county jails were the worst

prisons he had ever seen." In 1880 Dr. E. C. Wines, who organized the

National Prison Association, of whom it is said the cause of prison reform is

more indebted to him than to any other individual in this country, wrote of

our jails: "The whole sy.stem of county jails in the United States is a dis-

gi-ace to our civilization. It is hopelessly and undeniably bad, and must re-

main so as long as it exists under its present form. * * * The system is

wasteful of time, wasteful of opportunity, wasteful of money, and does not

reform. The moral atmosphere of these prisons is foul. No fouler exists

anywhere." Dr. Wines quotes DeTocqueville, and says the jails show little

marked improvement since his day. The executive committee of the Prison

Association of Ncav York once said: "If an institution should be established

in every county of the state, with the inscription on the door, 'Vice and Crime

Note.—This address was delivered by a member of the Board of Cliarities at the invita-

tion of the State Convention of County Commissioners and Superintendents ot Illinois be-

fore that body in .January, 1890, and is reprinted here because it reflects the experience andobservation of all those members of this Board who have investigated the jails of Illinois.

71

Taught Here,' aud the processes^ witiiin eonvsponded to the aunouin-emeiitwithout, this eomniittee is impressed Avith the couvictioii that the work ofnianufaeturiug- criminals could hardly be done more effectually than it is byour county jail system."

Now, as in many other matters less vital, our county jails but ape theEu^'lish fashion. So it may not be irrelevant to (juote Sidney Smith's de-scription of the English jail, about seventy years af>'o. He says: "There arein every coiinty in England, large public schools, maintained at the expenseof the county, for the encouragement of profligacy and vice, and for provid-ing a proper succession of house-breakers, profligates and tliieves. * * *

The moment any young person evinces the slightest propensity for these pur-suits, he is provided with good clothing and lodging and put to his studiesunder the most accomplished thieves and cut-throats the coimty can siipply.

There is, to be sure, not a formal arrangement of lectui'es after the mannerof our universities, but the petty larcenous stripling being left destitute ofevery species of employment, and locked up with accomplished villians asidle as himself, listens to their pleasant narration of su(tcessful crimes, andpants for the hour of freedom, that he may begin the same bold and interest-

ing career." ^1To bring the matter dowif t^o the immediate present. In a work on Prisons ^\

and Paupers, published Iti 18'J^, Henry M. Bois, of the Pennsylvania StateBoard of Charities, thus describes the jails of his own state: "The inspec-tion of the Board of Charities reveals an almost total disregard in all jails,

managed as most are by county sheriffs, of anj- consideration for the i-efor-

mation of the prisoners, or moral preservation of the falsely accused. Thesejails permit a proniiscuous and unrestrained connningling of the most de-praved and vilest professional convicts with children, accused persons anddetained witnesses without let or hindrance. In many cases, even sexes arenot separated. Total idleness of inmates, with double beds, and two inmatesof the same cell at night seem to be the mile. There is a general lack of reg-ular chaplains, of religious or moral instruction, or of even philanthropicvisitation. Unrestricted visitation by outside friends and companions andsupply of depraving papers, literature, cai'ds, tobacco and often liquor arepermitted. In short, there is an utter absence of ail conservative and refor-matory infliiences, a prevalence and activity of almost every means of cor-ruption, which must inevitably result in the conhrming of all inmates in acriminal com'se of life."

Is it not a strange history of neglect which makes possible such unbrokencondemnation for the period covered by these extracts? It needs no argu-ment to prove that the idleness and iiKliscriminate company of the commonjail are the chief influences which have laid it open to such indictments asthese, nor does it need an argument to prove that work and separation arethe most needed remedies. Both the English and American authoritiesagree that only by absolute separation of prisoners can the demoralization oflife in the jail be effectively lessened.

E. A, Meredith, of Toronto, stated in an address before the Prison Congressof 1887, that an English prison inspector, (i-eterring to the then recent intro-duction of the separate system into certain of the prisons of England) speaksof the growing conviction of the advantages which have attended the adop-tion of separate confinement, and adds that the number of commitments tothe prisons altered so as to make them suitable for the separate systemvapidly decreased, and that in many jails it had been reduced to one-half ofwhat it had been ten years before. Just what weight or meaning these fig-

ures may have, I do not venture to say, but they certainly cannot be entirelydisregarded.

To return to our own State, it is certain that few indeed of our jails areso constructed as to permit entire separation. For by separation is meantthat each individual shall have a separate cell, and shall'liave no intercoursewith any other prisoner. I, myself, have not seen one which was fitted forsuch use. And even were the jails constructed with this end in view, or werethe number of prisoners so few as to allow complete isolation, it is exceed-ingly rare to find a sheriff' or a jailor who will enforce it. There is still a pop-

72

iilar feeliiifj that it is cruel to the prisoner. Tlie fact is overlooked that thereal orueltj- is to make a prisoner a worse man on leaving the jail than he wason entering; or to permit him to demoralize one less depraved than himself.Although it must be admitted that if the prisoner is to be kept in solitude, it

would be cruelty to fail to give him employment, and if our jails are at pres-ent unsuited for keeping prisoners absolutely isolated, they are as little fittedfor emi)l<)ying prisoners in their cells. In many of them it would be impossi-ble.

In Illinois, in 1896, there are 102 jails, into each one of which are, or maybe. thrust debtors, witnesses, convicted criminals of everj' degree, insane per-sons, tramps, those charged with any crime or misdemeanor, and of any age,to spend their days together in idleness, upon a common corridor. It is truewe have in our statute book the following provision as to separation of classesof prisoners, yet I have myself seen the spirit of every provision violated, un-less it may be the one as to debtors and witnesses, who are very seldom foundin our jails. The law says: "Debtors and witnesses shall not he confined inthe same roouiAvith persons committed for crimes. Male and female prison-ers shall not be kept in the same room. Minors shall be kept separate fromnotorious offenders and those convicted of felony or other infamous crime, andpersons charged with or convicted of an offense not infamous, from thosecharged with or convicted of infamous crimes."

To illustrate: I went one day into one of the finest jails, architecturally, inthe State of Illinois, in one of the finest counties, and there found such liberalaccommodations for prisoners that each might almost have a suite of rooms if

the jailor desired. On one corridor was a cell, in which was a man accusedof kdling his wife. This cell had gay-colored pictures on its walls, a rockingchair and a general air of comfort. 'On the same corridor were three smallboys, two of whom were waiting to be sent to the industrial school at Feehau-ville, which was pj-ima facie evidence that they were not criminals, but merelyneglected, mischievous little boys. These children said: "That man is ourboss: he keeps us in order.'" The comfort enjoyed by the man accused ofkilling his wife compared with that of the mischievous little boys awaitingtransportation to a school was so marked that it might well inspire the boyswith the high idea of committing some offense so grave as to really merit dis-tinction.

1 went into a jail in another good county—and I think perhaps the worststories come from the best counties—and there found a child who had beenput in with the other prisoners, because the rest of his small gang—gang ofsmall boj-s, rather—had been let out, and the jailor thought the boy was lone-some and put him in where he could visit witli the other prisoners. When hewas found he was "hearing all about the penitentiary" and reading a choiceliterary production entitled "Captain Kidd's Gold.''

We know that the law is at present a dead letter, in most of our jails. Yet,if enforced to its fullest extent, it would still fall far short of remedying theevils now existing.

Consider how many comparatively innocent persons and young children areyearly committed to our Illinois jails. In 1889 tliere were 10,075 commitments,of wliich 4,<).'il wei'e followed by discharge without trial. In 1891, out of 11,372commitments, a discharge without trial followed in 5,078 cases. The reckless-ness of arrests it is not within our province now to discuss. On the dates ofvisitation by the assistant secretary of the Boai'd of Charities in 1892, therewere found in all 781 prisoners in the jails of the State, of whom 51, or about(i^'2 percent., were boj's under IG years. At this rate about 740 of the commit-ments must have been of children under 10. Surely this large portion of thejail population deserves some considei'ation, and should be preserved fromI'uin or restored to honest life. There must be in it much reclaimable ma-terial.

But let us see what difficulties are in our way. Let us take for granted thatwe have made the bad results of the present plan so clear that the legislaturehad dii'ected solitary confinement, at least for all not identified as professionalcriminals, and had authorized labor, for all the constant changes in keeper(as sheriff' succeeds sheriff") makes any improvement in administration even

73

when directed by law very difficult to execute. The sheriff usuallj' occupiesthe official residence connected with the jail, and has the direct charge of the

in'isouers. He has been elected, not becaiise he is experienced in the manag-e-raent of a jail population. Ijut because he is a good democrat or a good repub-lican; and while most admirable ([ualities are required to be either a good,]democrat or a good republican, they are, unfortunately, not the same (juali-

\

ties essential in the head of a jail. A sheriff in one of the best counties in

the State, whose quality of good republicanism or democracy was above ques-tion, but whose jad was a horror of filth and dirt, told me, with much ap-peal for sympathy, of the difficulties he encountered in managing his

chai'ges. He cited the case of an insane man, who beat his hands againsta screened window, injuring them so that amputation was required at theasylum. He said: "They talked about suing me. What could I do?I couldn't help it." As we stepped into the jail office, I saw behind thedoor there huno' a humane leather muff' and leather cuffs, with proper belts, to

which I called his attention as useful for obviating such an accident. He onlj'

remarked contemptuously that he had never looked at the things before sincehe took the jail; that he wouldn't like to use such a thing; that he liked haud-cvtffs, and genei-ally took patients to the hospital in them. It is but fair to

say that the man's successor is more intelligent and humane, and keeps amore decent jail; but it is equally fair to remember that he was not electedfor those virtues, or because his predecessor was a grossly incompetent jailor,

but because his political backing was better. Did any partisan newspaper orcampaign speakei- ever commend a candidate for sheriff' because he wouldprove a wise or humane jailer? I don't wish to be understood as making anywholesale onslaught upon sheriff's, they are often good and useful men asjailers, but that is pure good luck, not due to any steady purpose on the partof the public. As a matter of fact the keeping a jail does not seem theprimai'y or essential duty of the sheriff. It is his duty to serve processes andwrits of court. He is an official of the county, not of the state, and there is acertain lack of logic in turning over to a county official the custody of prison-ers who have oft'ended not against the laws of the county, but against the laws ofthe state. This is not a mere technical objection. It is important to a i"efoi"m ofthe jail system that the custodian of the prisoners should be, not a politician,

changed at each election, but an official appointed for fitness and retainedduring good service

In a paper read before the National Prison Association in 1885, Hon.Eiigene Smith, a vice-president of that association, says: "The public takesno interest in details about the management of a prison; the whole subject is

most positively distasteful to them. There is no organized public body thatfeels much responsibility about the county jail, and so the whole business is

relegated to the sheriff', who exercises a supreme and unchallenged control.The sheriff has a brief tenure of office; he has little knowledge aljout prisonmanagement, and still less about prison reform. He takes the jail as he findsit, and administers it as his predecessors have done, and so it has beenhanded down from generation to generation. Indeed the sheriff, even if anearnest and intelligent reformer, would be powerless to accomplish anyradical improvement. He could not keep the prisoners in solitary confine-ment, because the construction of the jail is such that the inmates of cells canconnnunicate with each other through the grated doors almost as freely aswhen in a common hall. He could hardly be expected to keep the prisonersat hard labor, iinless some specific appropriation were made for the purpose.The possibilities of jail reform by the action of the shei'ift' are only in super-ficial and meager particulai's." He further says: "If all the convicts nowherded in the county jails were placed in reformatory prisons under a properand skillful regimen, it is a reasonable anticipation that SO per cent, of tliemcould be reclaimed from crime and so trained as to lead a life of honest self-

support. I shall make a statement which will appear startling, but it can befully vindicated by positive figures at my command. The saving to the com-munity, computed in actual money, resulting from the reclaiming of 80 percent, of our jail convicts, would l)e sutlicient, in a single year, to rebuild all

the county jails in the United States.''

74

There are now, in 18!)(!, IJ.lSor more county jails in tlie United States,tliroujrh which pass yearly probably more than a quarter of a million persons,countinjr recommitments. This surely is a large army of very undesirablevolunteers to be billeted idle upon the country.

But to again return to our own State. Although it may be true in a Jargeview of the subject that little reform is possible under sheriff management,still it is edifying to see what fiu'ther law we have bearing on care of the jails

and how it is obeyed. The statute says: "The keeper of the jail shall keepan exact calender of all persons committed to jail, registering therein thenames of all prisoners, their places of abode, if known, the time, cause andauthority of their commitment, and a description of the persons of such asare committed in criminal prosecutions; also the time and manner of theirdischarge." I went last week into an excellent jail and asked to see the jail

register, and was shown a book with names of prisoners and dates of receiptand discharge in pencil (I believe) kept for the purpose of calculating theboard bills. There was no attempt at a description of prisoners, nor at ful-

filling the requii'ements of the law, which the sheriff had ai)parently uevei'read befoi-e. Upon inquiring it was found that in this jail there was norecord of any prisoner save as above. Although a jail has existed in thecounty for more than fiftv years, there is not one woi'd of record of prisonersto be found in the jail, lilach sheriff has kept and carried away the story ofhis own per diem charges for prisoners' board, and left nothing behind bywhich to hamper or identify tne boarders of his successor. Many years ago,the State Board of Charities recommended a foi-m of jail calender which is

kept in some jails in this State, but in others the system is like that aboveshown.

There is a provision as to cleanliness. Now this is verv simple. Of course,this is done. Some provisions of the law are not speciue, but he who runsmay read this and interpret it: "The jailor shall keep the jail in as cleanlyand healthy a condition as may be, and shall cause the whole interior thereofto be thorougly -whitewashed \\'ith lime at least once every three months, andthe walls and floors of each room, while any person is confined therein, to beso whitewashed once in each month between the first day of May and the first

day of November." In visiting a small southern county I was taken to thejail, a new one-story, iron cell house, very creditable; but it was the dii'tiest

jail for its age I had ever seen. It was so bad that I ottered to buy soap if

the sole prisoner, a boy about 16, who clung to the bai's in miserable idlenessand hmeliness, like a wet bird, could be set to scrubbing it out so that I mightbe able to report something less odious. The jailor, also a prominent jour-nalist of the town, came to see me and asked to whom I.reported. When I

replied, "to the Governor," he showed such anxiety that I finally agreed tomake inquiry later, and if I could learn that he had in the meantime keptit clean, 1 would deal moi-e gently with him beforetne Governor. He was notthe only jailor who might dread gubernatorial criticism.

Now, here are several provisions as to food, care and cleanliness. Are notall these too general and vague? The keeper of the jail is left to be the sole

judge as to amount and quality furnished, and as the most charitable solutionof the great differences which exist in various jails andunder various keepers,should not the law specify exactly the food, clothing and bedding to be fur-

nished by public funds? The statute says: "The keeper of the jail shall fur-

nish each prisoner daily with as much clean water as may be necessary fordrink and personal cleanliness, and serve him three times a day with whole-some food, well cooked and in sutticient quantity. The keeper of the jail

shall see that strict attention is constantly paid to the personal cleanliness ofall prisoners confined in tl^e jail. The keeper of the jail shall furnish neces-sary bedding, clothing, fuel and medical aid for all prisonei-s under his charge,and keep an accurate account of the same."

But now comes the matter of supervision: "It shall be the duty of thegrand jury or a committee of not less than three of its members, at each term,except in the county of Cook, and in that county as often as every other term,to AMsit the jail and examine its condition, and the treatment of the prisoners,and make report thereof to the court, and particularly whether any of theprovisions of this act have been violated or neglected." Now, candidly, with

the best intentions, can a stated investigation of this kind by a grand jury bemore than i)erfun?tory? Of course, I do not know, never having beenobliged, thank heaven, to serve upon a grand jury. I have heard that grandjuries have found jails deliglitfuUy clean and orderly, which chance visitors

found otherwise. If I may presume to judge the greater by the less, I wouldlike to state an experience of my own. Upon calling at a certain jail, whichwas far and away the most modern building in the town, 1 was met by thejailor who stated"^ that he was at dinner and would be obliged if I would wait

a few minutes. This I cheerfully agreed to do and seated myself in a pleas-

ant sitting room. At once I heard a tremendous clatter and discussion j evi-

dently from the cell house. After a time the jailoi' and his wife smilingly

came' in and announced that dinner was over. We started for the cell hoixse,

and I pleasantly asked the jailor if he was ready for rue now, at which he said

nothing, but his wife, with the charming frankness which does not spareahus-V)and's feelings, burst into a laugh and said to her husband, "Well, now. that

is good enough for you!" And sui'e enough, when we reached the cell houseit was in matchless condition. The bunks were furnished with exquisitely

clean sheets and pillow cases, which, it is needless to say, had nevei" beenused—and safe to say, never would be- -and the whole place was certainly amarvel of tidiness, considering the short time in which the jailor, his wife andthe prisoners had accomplished their task.

But there is stiil another supervisory power oi'dered to watch the jail man-agement. It is the circuit court. Tliat statute says: "It shall also be theduty of the circuit court of each county, at everj' term thereof, except in

Cook county, and of the Criminal Court of Cook county, as often as everyother term, to inquire into the condition of the jail, and the treatment of theprisoners, and to see that all prisoners, civil and criminal, are humanelytreated, and that the keeper of the jail does not neglect any of his duties un-der this act. and such court may make all proper orders in the premisesagainst the keeper of the jail and enforce the same by the process of thecourt." This was pointed out to a surprised sheriff lately, who only said,

"Oh, no. Judge , he never came here, or said aiiN'thing to me."

These then are the provisions as to the jail, loose and inexact for the niost

part but equally disregarded and disobeyed. The authorities quoted are right.

The jails are a matter the public, whether in or out of them, regiu'ds as taboo.The indiffei-ence of even religious and philanthropic bodies is surprisingwhen one reflects upon it. It is not exhortation alone—and little enough ofthat they get—which these prisoners need; it is a good turn, a friendly sug-ge.stiou, a recognition of the best that is left in any one of them. When onerealizes how often young boys, or even girls and women, are thrown into jail

upon suspicion, and not infrequently from malice or for some misdemeanor

—

in every case once for the first time—we would suppose that some ChristianchUrch or society in each community would long since have arranged to bein-omptly notilied of every such case, that the facts .of the prisoner's historyiniglit, be learned and help be given while there was time, before the j)i-isoner

callou^J had grown. But is this done anywhere? Yet how reasonable. Asmall boy was in a county jail—one of a gang of childish burglars. Upon in-

(|uiry, it was found that his companions had been bailed out, and that theState's attorney wanted him out, but a bad father would not take the trouble.His release was easily obtained, and work found for him, the county wassaved his board, and the family got his earnings.

Now, I well know not only how easy it seems to'point out all these defects,but how easy it is as well to say that the defects are unavoidable, and suchsuggestions of change as have been made are visionary and impracticable.

I wish, therefore, to fortify myself, in conclusion, by bringing to yourattention the management of a jail which General Brinkerhoff says is thebest in Amei-ica. This is in Delaware county, Pennsylvania, at Media.The management is A'^ested by law in a board of inspectors consistingof five citizens residing in the said county, who shall serve withoutpecuniary compensation, three of whom shall be appointed by the pudgesof the court of quarter sessions, and two by the county commissioners.They shall serve for one year, and until their successors shall be appointed.This board has absolute charge of the jail, appointing keeper, matron, physi-

76

cian, and all other persons employed, determining quantitv and kind of food,controlling- the employment of the prisoners, and the sale of the product.Some uieinl^er is reijuired to visit the jail at least once a week. Every convictis required to work. By working overtime he can earn a small amount, whichis credited and paid over to him when he leaves the prison. The prisoners arecontined in single cells, and work in their cells. Thej' are compelled to batheand change clothing and scrub their cells weekly. Oarpet-weaving, knittingand toeing stockings, broom-making, caning chairs, sewing and cutting rags,are the principal employments. This is a stone jail, built in 1851, with twoadditions since. The cells are larger than the average jail, being 7x12 and9x12 feet, each containing water and electric light. As will be seen, this jail

presents the essentials referred to above, a non-political, faithful administra-tion, separation of prisoners, and employment. In some details we might de-sire to modify its arrangements, but it is at least a demonstration that such ajail is practicable.

^Vhile I have been unable to obtain any plans or illustrations of the Mediajail, I have a rough draft of a jail, on the same principle, securing separateconfinement. It is possildj' a little more expensive to build than the usualmodel, but we need not argue that no cost of jail construction is really expen-sive which tends to lessen the number of finished criminals.

As vou will see. the vital difference between this and the ordinary plan is

that the cells have solid doors upon the common, corridors, and only open tothe light upon the outer corridor, where only the jailor or other official passes.The cells are large, so that confinement is less irksome than in the usual cell, andeach pi'isoner can also be allowed to take exercise on thecommon or inner corridorin turn without seeing or being seen by the other prisoners. Some jails uponthis plan have been built in Ohio and Minnesota, and pehaps elsewhere. Maywe not hope that some may be built in Illinois soon? Our jails may be roughlydivided into two classes structurally—those worse than any cellar, and thosebetter than any house in their respective locations. Both sorts are unfittedfor separation of prisoners, and at least the first class must soon be replacedby modern buildings.

And now, gentlemen, may I point out that the law not only confides to yourjudgment the structure of our jails, it also, by section 168a of the criminalcode, affoi-ds you an opportunity to provide work for convicted prisoners.The very elasticity of our provisions is in itself an indication of the confidencethe law reposes in local boards of supervisors. Is it not possible in your re-

spective communities for you to take some action as to furnishing labor withinthe jail—labor, whose purpose shall be primarily to serve toward the reforma-tion of the prisoners, and only secondarily to return money to the public treas-

iirv? Surely the "laying out of fines," as it is commonly called, is a travesty,only saved from being amusing because it costs the State so miich in moneyand the prisoners so much in character. The futui-e of the jails rests largelywith you. You can choose the plans for new ones; you can provide work in

the jails. There is no public sentiment to influence official l)odies upon thesematters—you must lead and form opinion. At present, as has been well said,

we cannot go back to the Draconian code, and exterminate wrong-doers. Butwhile civilization saves alive the wrong-doer, she is false to herself when sheencourages this race.

Prevention is the everlasting maxim in all our ti-eatment of the questions of

ci'ime. We cannot empty our penitentiaries so long as we keep our jails filled

with a gossiping company. Our jails cannot be different until they are bettermanaged. Like all questions of public administration, this leads back to thevital principle that a clean service removed from political vicissitudes canalone carry forward with certainty and permanency any system of publicreform.

I have touched but superficially on some of the more evident (luestions sug-gested by examiuin"' the county jails of Illinois. I can only nope that thepresentation has perhaps (luiekened your interest in a matter of more importto us all than it is pleasant to realize.

77

REPORT UPOX COUNTY INSTITUTIONS. ALMSHOUSESAND JAILS,

BEING BASED UPOX VISITS MADE BY MEMBERS OF THIS BOARD,ASSISTED AS TO 12 COUNTIES BY MISS W. TAYLOR.

Alexander County.

Visited April 26, 1896. Almshouse is about 9 miles from Cairo,

county seat.

There were present at the date of visit l^) inmates, of whom 9were men and 3 women, and one girl three or four years old. Therewere 3 insane inmates; 1 man and 2 women.

The almshouse is upon a farm of 440 acres. 170 of which areunder cultivation. The building is comparatively new and in goodgeneral condition, although in need of slight repair. There are noreasonable opportunities for bathing, although the water supply for

a bath room could be easily and cheaply arranged for.

This almshouse has had many hospital cases in the last year ortwo which it is not equipped to care for. The superintendent andhis wife, however, have evidently done as well as they could underthe circumstances.

No children have been born here during the year. No religious

services are held here.

One little girl was present with the mother- -the mother had beenthere two years and more with the child, but will not give up thechild, and is too feeble in mind and body to make a living for her-self and child outside. This is an example of a case in which thechild should be rescued from pauper surroundings, even if the feel-

ings of the mother must be sacrificed.

There were two insane persons, an old man and an old coloredwoman. Both mingle freely with the sane people, and their treat-

ment differs little from that of the other inmates.

JAIL.

Present at the time of visit 23 males and 1 female. Three of themales were boys under 16.

The Alexander county jail remains where it has remained for longyears—in the basement of the court house. The State of Illinois-

78

tlooH not furnish a more complete example of what a jail should not

be. No separation of prisoners is practicable, save that the United

States prisoners are kept in a separate room.H The i^lace is foul and

(lemornlizing.

LOCKUP.

The city lockup is a low, dark, stone cellar or dungeon, in which

at the time of our visit two or three colored men were held.

There are no dumb animals which civilized man confines in a place

so dark and hateful as this lockup.

The county of Alexander has jDrovided very generously for its

poor, and the beautiful farm and good buildings of the almshouse

are a painful contrast with the inhumanity of its treatment of its

city and county prisoners.

Brown County.

At the time of visitation to this county, there were 18 male and 9

female inmates. 4 boys and 2 girls under 16 years of age, and 1

feeble-minded boy under 21 years of age.

The almshouse was in good repair and cleanly. A cistern andvegetable cellar are badly needed.

The sanitary condition of the jail has been improved. A water

closet has been put in. However, the necessity of a new structure

is visibly apparent.

Bond County.

Visited June 19th.

The almshouse is three-quarters of a mile from Greenville. Thebuilding is old and out of repair, but clean and well whitewashed.There was no bath tub, nor any modern conveniences. The bedsand bedding were clean, and the general care of the inmates ap-

peared to be as good as possible under the circumstances. Thesuperintendent and his wife are elderly people with no experience,

but doing their best. No farm hands or house servants are em-ployed. The population consisted of four male and seven femaleinmates, of whom one man and one woman were insane, one manwas blind, and one M^oman epileptic. There were no children

present. The insane woman was locked into a cell room at night.

In no other respect did the care of the insane differ from the care

of the sane inmates. The doctor came when called. There is

frequent singing by the Sunday School as a religious service.

THE .TAIL.

There were three prisoners on date of visit, two men and onewoman, all awaiting trial. The jail consists of a large room withfour cells on either side. It is old. insecure and unwholesome.

79

Cells are verj- dark, but li^ht can be seen through the cracks in the

roof It was built in 1857, and cannot be repaired save by a newstructure. The woman prisoner was kept in an upper room, but

any further separation of prisoners would be impossible even if

desired, as the men could not be kept in the so-called cells. Theplace was in as good order as possible.

Boone County.

Visited March 15th.

The almshouse is tive and one-half miles from Belvidere. There

were present at the date of visit five males and one female: There

were no insane persons, but two men and one woman were imbecile.

Two men—one of them colored—were blind.

The county does not own a farm but pays to the owner of the

farm, who is superintendent, $S50 per year, which covers all ex-

penses including r)hysician and burial for the inmates.

Physician comes when called. The heating is by stoves. There

is no drainage. Water supply, cisterns. The beds were fair, and

the appearance of the inmates in general indicated a good degree of

attention.

The men were kept in a two room one story cottage. The womenlodged in the attic of the superintendent's house.

At the time of the visit a family of four children ages 12^ 10, 8

and 6, were a county charge. The superintendent was jjaying part

of the board and the county part rather than bring the children to

the almshouse. We note such efforts to avoid placing a child, even

for a short time, in pauper surroundings with great encouragement.

There is no bath tub nor any i^roper convenience for keeping tidy

the helpless and disorderly family of eleven inmates.

JAIL.

There was no prisoners at the time of visit.

The jail is in the rear of the sheriff's residence. There haveevidently been no changes made of any importance for many years.

The jail consists of three cells and a privy vault opening oft" a small

corridor lighted by one window. The cells are entirely withoutlight or air. save what entered through a grated door. The jail is

of an early period and is constructed of wooden slabs. Thesebecome so soaked with filth the odor could not be good nor the

place clean, although the sheriff and his wife seem to do as well as

they can.

This jail is a disgrace to the citizens of the county. There is noway of rei)airing it. It is necessarily insecure and no imiarovementcan be suggested save a new jail.

The Salvation Army and Y. M. C. A. are said to hold occasional

services.

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Bureau Couxty.

Date of visitation, May 25th.

Almshouse is three and one-half miles from Wyanet. farm contains240 acres. Superintendent receives a salary. There were seventy-four inmates at the time of visitation, of which fifty-nine weremales, and fifteen, females: nineteen males are insane, and fifteen

females, one female imbecile, two females blind, one epileptic; eightboys under 16 years of age.

Births during the year, two. both illegitimate.

The administration of this almshouse is good, also the care.

Regular Sabbath School, and occasional other religious services.

Calhoun County.

Date of visitation, June 18th.

The almshouse is one mile from Hardin: farm contains 820 acres.

Superintendent has a salary. Nine inmates in the institutions, six

of which are males, and three females.

Condition of buildings fair. No religious services.

Carroll County.

Date of visitation, April 30th.

Almshouse is two and a half miles south of Mt. Carroll: farm con-tains 150 acres. Superintendent receives a salary. There are

eighteen males and four females in the almshouse. Three males,

one female insane: one male epileptic, one boy under Ki.

The buildings are in average good condition; care is good. Re-ligious services on Sunday.

THE JAIL.

The jail is in good condition and heated with steam. The separa-

ration of prisoners is bad, but the board of supervisors have promisedto comply with the statute. There are four persons awaiting trial,

three of whom are under 10 years of age.

The administration is good. Religious services, none.

Cass County.

Visitation, June 20th.

The almshouse is at Bluff Springs station, on the B. cV O. R. R.,

and contains 180 acres of land. Superintendent receives a salary.

Population, eight males and two females: two imbecile males, and onefemale: one deaf mute, female; one blind, male.

This almshouse is on an elevated and airy position, and is in goodcondition, except as noted: water supply entirely inadequate; wash-house is needed and should be provided at once. The almshouse is

a quiet, homelike place, and inmates are well cared for. Religousservices occasionally.

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THE JAIL,

The jail is kept in good order. No prisoners at the time of visita-

tion. The administration is good; bath tub and water closets, sepa-ration of minors are utterly worthless. Religious services occasion-ally.

Cook County.

The charitable work demanded of Cook county is so vast as com-pared with that demanded in any other county of the State that herethe county almshouse has been differentiated into a county hospital,

M'ith an average of 1.000 beds, a detention hospital for the insane, aninfirmary and an insane asylum.

Following is the report of the Cook County Hospital for 1895

:

Patients on hand .January 1, 1S95Number of patients admitted to Hospiial.

Total number cared forNumber of patients discharged

Total number remaining in hospital January 1, 1890.,

Avei*ag:e namber of beds

79414, 861

13,6201,194

15.655

14,823

832

1,000

MATERNITY WARD.

BirthsDeaths—infants (includes still-born)

395

HOSPITAL.

As regards the Cook County Hospital the board renews its formersuggestion that medical students be allowed upon the wards. Dur-ing the last year there have been repeated instances of gross miscon-duct and neglect of patients upon the part of certain doctors, andthere is at all times a laxity of attendance upon the part of staff' phy-sicians, from which the patients suffer, being left as they are to thecare of internes. This great free hospital contains a destitute po])u-lation as evidenced by their presence here. Their sickness and help-lessness certainly compel sympathy, and we have no doubt that it

was with a view to the protection of the patients that the old practiceof bedside teaching was discontinued in this hospital.

Free hospitals are found in all great cities of the civilized worldand they are everywhere open to bedside teaching, and in conse-ciuence enjoy the services of the most distinguished physicians andteachers of medicine in their respective cities. It seems plain thatthe theory that the free patient shall repay society by giving oppor-tunity to students of medicine results in the patient obtaining theservice of the most eminent men in the medical profession, whilethe other plan now followed by Cook county leaves the wards closedto students and thereby deserted by their teachers, and the patients

—6P, C.

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abandoned to the mercy of untrained fledglings in tlie medical pro-

fession or to i)liysicians whose appointment may be due to some othercause than fitness. In situation, equipment, buildings and nursingforce this hospital is all that can be reasonably demanded.

In the oiDinion of this Board the usefulness and efficiency of the

Cook County Hospital would be greatly enhanced if it were superin-tended by competent medical men. Medical skill is required in thehousing, feeding and clothing of patients just as much as in the pre-

scribing of drugs. Private pay hospitals are in their every detail

managed by medical men, and public opinion demands not less in

the care of the poor whom the public assume to treat when ill. It is

not a fair charge to make against the profession of medicine, whosemembers embrace those well known to be the most humane and gen-tle of men, that the admission of students upon wards of a hospital

would result in unkindness or maltreatment of patients, for their

lives are devoted not only to relieving and healing the ills of the

race but to the prevention of disease as well.

This Board unqualifiedly believes that the admission of students

to the wards in small groups, in company with the attending physi-

cian or surgeon, w^ould be of benefit to the patients, and submits that

the medical man is the best judge of how and when such visits are

made.

We renew our suggestion that some provision for convalescentsother than Dunning be afforded. It is our belief that many a self-

respecting man or woman is turned into a pauper by being sent fromthe County Hospital to Dunning for convalescence.

INFimiARY AXD INSANE ASYLUM.

The population of infirmary and insane asylum are fully discussed

in appendix. The insane are overcrowded, and the infirmary in-

mates on the men's wards as well. In the opinion of the Board the

infirmary population should be entij'ely removed from Dunning.

It is too near the city limits for an almshouse. The line of city

saloons across the street from the grounds are a source of constant

disorder and mischief, and form a strong argument for the with-

drawal of the infirmary, since there is no power to compel the with-

drawal of the saloon.

The Board would urge thai the records of the infirmary be morecarefully kept, especially that the very large duplication be noted.

This is further discussed in Appendix II.

Whether the insane of Cook county are cared for by the State or

by the county, they should not be removed further than their pres-

ent location from their friends and relatives. nvIio can now reach themat a trifiing cost. The present location is wholesome and adec^uate

for an insane hospital if the entire plant could be used and the build-

ings remodeled, but it is not enough for infirmary and insane asylumtoo.

At present the Cook County Insane Asylum receives many cura-

ble and recent cases owing to the crowded state of the Eastern and

88

Northern Hospitals. Its vital lack in an administrative sense is a

competent medical superintendent to have sole resi^onsibility for thecare of the patients.

A reorganization of the patients themselves under medical super-vision should be made so as to keej) more of them employed in vari-

ous ways. The idleness and dullness of these wards is oi:)pressive to

the observer even in contrast with other similar institvitions.

DETENTION HOSPITAL.

Patients are brought to this hospital for security pending a legal

inquiry as to their mental condition. They are often in a state of

acute mania, a condition demanding medical care and good nursing.While the Board believe that the conduct of this hospital has some-what improved, it cannot be considered as adequate.

The detention hospital should be under preciselj^ the same nursingcharge as in Cook County Hospital. It should be under the medicalcharge of physicians who are specialists in mental disease, and shouldbe visited daily in turn by at least two such physicians. If this weredone it would render natural and easy the change from jury trials to

inquiries by commission in Cook county, and that, too, without con-suming more time than the present plan. The county judge has theright under the law to appoint as commissioners in lunacy hvo quali-fied physicians in regular and active practice, when no jury trial is

demanded or appears to the judge to be necessary. By appointingas such commissioners doctors who should serve for a period ofninety days, less or more, visiting the hospital daily during theirterm, and thus seeing each patient repeatedly, a medical decision in

each case could be secured which would be of real value, and if pre-sented to the judge would certainly facilitate rather than retard theproper disposition of these cases. Such medical attendance com-bined with the nursing of a sick ward would doubtless result in thecure of some acute cases without recourse to a State hospital.

Christian County.

Visited June 16.

There were present in the almshouse at the date of visit 13 malesand 15 females. One man was insane, one blind and four werechildren. One of the children, a boy, illegitimate, ]1 years old, hasnever been to school. One woman of 25 years, two illegitimatechildren by different fathers, one, a boy 5 years of age, the other agirl two years old. Another woman of 23, has a two year old boy.She came here just before the birth of the child.

The one insane man present is violent at times, and should not bein the almshouse. The lack of room in the hospital at Anna alonemade his presence in the almshouse excusable, and we trust that be-fore this he has been removed as the Anna Hospital now offers plentyof room.

84

The buildings are comfortable and the whole place presented aneat and orderly appearance, creditable to the superintendent andhis wife and to tlie county.

We trust it is unnecessary to point out the wrong to the children

and to the State, of permitting the presence and growth in the alms-house of the children we have described.

.JAIL.

There were present at the time of visit. 14 prisoners, of whom onewas an insane person and two boys under 16. Eight were menawaiting trial and two were serving out fines, and one was there

under peace bonds.

This jail has been somewhat improved and enlarged since last

visit, but not so altered as to forbid the constant association of theabove described.

Clark County.

Visited May 13.

Almshouse is about one and a half miles from Marshall.

There were present in the almshouse at the date of visit six malesand 14 females. One male and one female were imbecile. One manwas insane, one man and one woman blind, and seven were children,

three boys and four girls.

The poor of this county have for some years been let out to the

lowest bidder for cash, and are now cared for on this basis. Thecounty has now bought a GO acre farm on the main road from town,

but the proposition to build a house upon it was voted down so that

bids have been invited for the next year for the care of the inmates.

The insane inmates are housed in a long one story frame building,

very i)Oorly constructed and not arranged so as to permit proper sep-

aration. No candid person could consider the care of the Clarkcounty poor as adequate or reasonable.

The children are not sent to school.

Champaign' County.

Visited June 24.

The almshouse is one mile east of Urbana. upon a farm of 120acres. The condition of the buildings is good. Steam heated. Thebeds and bedding are clean, and the whole place is well maintained.

There were ijresent at the time of visit 40 males and 15 females, of

these seven men and two women were insane, two men and onewomen imbecile, two men blind, six were apoplectic, three girls andthree boys, children under 16. One of the children was a feeble-

minded child of 10 years. There were two children of one motherand three of another. Both mothers were in the cit}' jail.

85

Physician visits when called. The insane have a special attend-

ant. They are at liberty dnring the day and are locked up at night.

There is little difference between the care received by them and bythe sane inmates.

JAIL.

There were present at the time of visit 8 men and one woman, of

whom one is awaiting trial, six were serving sentence, and two wereunder sentence to the jjenitentiary.

The jail was large, comfortable and fairly clean. It resounded so

easily that conversation between the men's and women's sides is not

difficult. The men are, of course, upon a common corridor duringthe day.

Clinton County.

Visited June 24.

The almshouse is about two and a half miles from Carlyle. Thefarm contains 160 acres. The condition of the buildings is fairly

good. There are no modern conveniences—no bath tub. Physicianvisits when needed. No religious services are held.

There were present at the date of visit 16 males and 11 female in-

mates, of whom 4 men were insane, one colored child was idiotic.

One man blind, one man and one woman ajjoplectic. There are four

children here, three of whom are normal, two girls and a boy, andthe other is the idiot colored child mentioned above. One woman is

now near confinement here with two children, one of them bornhere, both illegitimate, father a former inmate.

One little giil, perhaps 8 years old here with the mother—girl

illegitimate, has granulated eye-lids, should be sent to the Eye andEar Infirmary. One inmate, a woman of considerable education andgood position, has been adjudged insane and committed to Anna, butdeclined to go—sick, has cataract over both eyes—most pitiable con-

dition.

JAIL.

There were two prisoners at the time of visit, one serving a sen-

tence, the other an insane man awaiting admission to the hospital.

The jail was in every respect a more comfortable place of resi-

dence than the almshouse, and was clean and orderly at date of visit.

Clay County.

Visited May 11.

The almshouse is one and a half miles from Louisville, upon an 80acre farm, all of which is under cultivation.

There were present at the time of visit six male and six females, of

whom one man was blind and two children were feeble-minded, the

boy was nine years old and epileptic; his mother is in the Insane

Asylum at Anna; he was born at the almshouse. One feeble-mindedirirl 18 years old was present. The mother of this girl has been a

county charge for two years. She had a child born in the almshousetwo years ago and now has an infant of three months whose father,

it was stated, was an inmate.

The almshouse is a new building, and is excellent for the moneyexpended. It lacks a bath tub.

The farm lacks fruit trees and berries.

•JAIL.

There was present in tho jail at time of visit, on^ male prisoner

awaiting trial. This is a good modern jail, one-story, four-cell cage,

with bath tub. Separate women department down-stairs. Built in

1S92. It was not tidy or well kept, but the structure was a credit to

the county.

No religious services were held here.

Coles County.

Visited May U.

The almshouse is one and a half miles from Ashmore, and nine

miles from Charleston, the county seat. The farm contains 2-iO acres.

The inmates are all housed in one large two-story frame building,

which is in very poor condition. With a central hall on each floor,

there is no provision for decent separation or protection for the in-

mates.

The house was very dirty, the beds and bedding filthy, and the bedbugs more abundant than the writer has ever seen elsewhere.

The women are not decently clad. One woman, nearly blind, hada sore head, showing neglect. She had no shoes: said she had hadnone all winter: feet were scaley and looked as if slightly frost-bitten.

Comijlaints as to the food were made by the inmates, and to judge bythe breakfast, which was very uninviting and scanty, the comijlaint

was reasonable.

It is stated that the physician visits wdien called.

One woman with a cancer, apparently, upon the face, and the womanwith the sore head, were plainly in need of medical care.

No bath or reasonable place for cleanliness could be found. Onebed-ridden man, here several years, cared for by his little boy. Thesuperintendent has no wife, housekeeper, nor female servant. Theplace shows a disorder and neglect which is most unusual.

There were present a girl 18, and her brother, 7 years old. Thegirl can write her name; has not been to school for a year. She is a

stout girl, and should not be here. Her brother. 7 years old, also

does not go to school: has not since he came. The little boy with bed-

ridden father goes sometimes.

87

The superintendent has a fee of 50 cents and the us<' of the farm,and such work as he can get from the inmates. He is under $10,000bonds for faithful performance of his contract. Among other pro-visions it is agreed in the contract that he shall furnish them withwholesome and clean food, and comfortable clothing suitable to their

wants and condition. He shall furnish medical aid for the sick andburial for the dead in the usual manner. Shall also superintend thepoorhouse and its inmates in person, and see that good order, decencyand cleanliness are maintained among them. He shall supply nursesfor the sick and helpless, send the children of proper age to schoolduring school months, and humanely treat and provide for the wantsof all inmates.

At the time of visit the provisions as to schooling, medical attend-ance, comfortable clothing, wholesome and clean food, good order,

decency and cleanliness, were violated.

The president of the board of supervisors was seen and the facts

laid before him, and before the county judge, but we are informedthat no action was taken.

If this almshouse M^as within constant sight of the reputable citi-

zens of the county seat, Charleston, the abuses that existed therecould not be continued. Its isolation in this, as in other like cases,

makes continued neglect and inhumanity possible.

A religious service was last held here in the»summer of 1895.

.TAIL.

The jail is a good modern structure, in which very satisfactory sep-aration of prisoners could be secured if an elTort were made. Thebeds were comfortable — hammocks and blankets—and the whole as-

pect of the place was in everj^ way more inviting than those of thealmshouse.

There were present at the time of visit, nine prisoners, of whomone was awaiting trial and eight were serving sentences.

Crawford County.

Visited May 12.

This farm contains 300 acres, of which 240 are under cultivation.

Situated about seven miles from Robinson, the county seat.

Since our last visit the buildings have been greatly improved, anda new sui)erintendent has been put in charge. There is not a countyin the State where more progress has been made.

There were present at the time of visit, seven inmates, four malesand three females, of whom two women were insane and one womanan imbecile.

A physician comes when called.

Fruit trees and berries should be set out here.

The contract with the superintendent provides that he shall havethe use of the farm ; he shall provide for five paupers free of charge,and all paupers in excess of said five, at 50 cents per week. He shallfurnish clothing, bedding and burial. The superintendent contractsto have all inmates bathe.

Although the bath-house could be more conveniently situated, its

existence is a sign of j^rogress.

JAIL.

There were present at the time of visit, three prisoners, all await-ing trial, one a boy under 16.

No religious services are held in the jail.

The jail is fairly comfortable and well maintained.

Cumberland County.

Visited May 1().

The almshouse is three miles from Toledo. The farm contains 120acres, all under cultivation.

There were j)resent at the time of visit, eight inmates, of whom twowere males and six females. One man is insane, one imbecile, oneepilej)tic. There was one child, a boy. The child is 10 years old;

has been here for se^•fn years; out once for two weeks. ''No one is

trying to get him a place."'

The condition of the buildings is poor, as are the beds and bedding.

Physicians visit when called.

There are occasional religious services.

JAIL.

There was present at the time of visit. 1 prisoner, a boy under 16,

awaiting trial.

The jail is primitive and old fashioned, and not adapted to the

detention of more than one prisoner at a time.

DeKalb County.

Visited May 15.

The almshouse is 4 miles from Sycamore, the county seat. Thefarm contains 110 acres. Superintendent is salaried. Cost of main-taining county farm for last fiscal year was $2,275.22. There werepresent at date of visit 24 inmates. 16 male and 8 female, of whom 4

men and 2 women were insane and 1 woman blind. The buildings

are in fair condition. A new building is absolutel)' necessary in or-

der to give proper separate accommodations for men and women. Theadministration is careful and efficient. No religious services. Atelephone line passes almshouse and there should be connection made.In case of fire or sudden emeru'encv it would be invaluable.

89

JAIL.

There were present 5 prisoners, all men, awaiting trial. All thatcan be said about this jail is that it should be replaced by a new one.No religious services are held.

DeWitt County.

Almshouse is located 8 miles from Clinton. Farm contains 200acres. Superintendent is salaried. 16 males and 5 females at thetime of visitation: 2 males insane, 2 males blind, 2 boys and 1 girl

under 16 years of age. It is next to impossible to keep this alms-house in good condition, though, generally speaking, it is as cleanlyas the ai3pliances at hand permit. There is great necessity for anentirely new plant, except the sui^erintendent's residence, and thatis, like the balance of the outfit, an aged structure. Great difftculty

is experienced in keeping the building free from vermin. Religiousservices are held.

JAIL.

Present jail is a burning shame and disgrace to the taxpayers ofDeWitt county. Population, 4 males awaiting trial and 1 male serv-

ing sentence. The administration is as good as could be expectedunder existing conditions. Occasionally religious services are held.

Douglas County.

Visited June 25.

The almshouse is situated 11 miles from Tuscola, on a farm con-taining 360 acres of land. The condition of the buildings is fair.

There is a good new building for women, with kitchen and dining-room for all inmates, together with three sleeping rooms and largesitting room for the women. There are no drains, no bath tub.

There were 11 inmates present at time of visit, 5 males and 6 females;1 male and 2 female inmates insane; 1 male inmate imbecile and 1

epileptic: 1 child has been born at the almshouse during the year

—

illegitimate—and has been given away. The mother, a youngwoman, is still in the almshouse, and an element of disorder and dan-ger wherever she may be. One of the insane men is very untidy inhabits and so difficult to care for that he is kept in a loose robe in-

stead of ordinary clothing. This is not a proper almshouse case, andhe should be in an institute kept for the care of such unfortunates.In their appearance the care of the insane does not dift'er from thesane inmates. There are no religious services. No help is employedsave in harvest. The superintendent's wife is overburdened withwork here, as in many other of the smaller almshouses.

jail.

There were 6 prisoners in the county jail at time of visit, 5 await-ing trial and 1 serving sentence; 1, a boy of 11 years, awaiting trial

for larceny. This child was kept in the corrider with other prison-

90

ers, one of whom has servocl two terms in the penitentiary. Of coursethis is in pLain viohition of the statute. The jail is one of the moreniorh'fii f)iies and seems well kept, accordinu; to usual standard.

Edwards County.

Visited May 8.

The almshouse is about 1.', miles from Albion, the county seat.

The building in which the inmates live is a comfortable two-storyhouse, with no modern conveniences, however. There were presentat the time of visit six inmates, of whom 2 were males and 4 females;1 man was insane, 1 epileptic; 2 were children under 16, 1 of whomwas a feeble-minded girl, 8 years of age; 1 child has been born in thealmshouse during the year—illegitimate. The mother of the babyand the feeble-minded 8-year-old girl is unmarried, and came herejust before the birth of the infant, now 1 year old. She declines

to part with the baby, a bright child, and under the law she cannotbe compelled to do so.

,

DtPage County.

Visited March 30.

The almshouse is about li miles from Wheaton, on a good farm.The building is substantial and is kept in excellent order, has beenenlarged and improved during the year. The farm and stock showthat a competent farmer is in charge. There were present at the dateof visit 16 male and 4 female inmates, of whom 1 woman was insaneand 1 imbecile. There were no children.

-TAIL.

The jail is a modern structure, with separate quarters for the in-

sane, and it would be easy with an ordinary number of prisoners to

keep them quite apart from each other if desired.

The auxilliary board reports 14 prisoners, all male, on June 80,

1896; 10 were awaiting trial, of whom 4 were boys under 16; 1 wasserving sentence, 1 sentenced to penitentiary, 2 were city prisoners.

Edgar County.

Visited May 13th.

The almshouse is 5 miles from Paris, on a farm containing 120acres, all under cultivation.

The condition of the buildings is not good; there is need of large

repairs.

In the two small '"jails'" as the smaller buildings are called. Thesanitary provisions are no better than in our report of two years ago.

The beds are good and the appearance of the inmates indicates

reasonable care.

91

This is so large an institution that it should be heated by onecentral steam plant so that the danger from stoves may be obviated.

The insane mingle quite freely with the sane, and have no dif-

ferent treatment save occasionally when they have "spells."'

There were present at the date of visit 81 males and 18 females,

of whom 4 males and 5 females were insane, 2 males idiotic, 1 a

deaf mute, 1 man and 1 woman blind; 1 man and 1 woman apoplec-tic; and 8 children, 5 of whom were boys. Six of these 8 children

were feeble minded in varying degrees.

•JAIL.

In the jail was 1 prisoner, a man serving sentence. The jail wasmodern, seemingly well built and in much better repair than thealmshouse.

At the time of visit two prisoners, males, were awaiting trial in

the jail. The jail is a good one story steel cell house. 14 by 11, witha corrider 5 by 11, and 2 cells each 9 by 7 feet.

For the needs of this county, which during the last year com-mitted only six ijrisoners in all, the jail is entirely adequate andsatisfactory. It seems to be well kept.

Effingham County.

Date of visitation. June 26th.

Located 3^ miles from Effingham, the county seat. Farm contains160 acres. Superintendent conducts the almshouse on a contract.

There were 16 inmates, 8 of whom were females and 8 males, 7

males and 6 females are insane, 2 males and 4 females are imbeciles,

1 male is a deaf mute. 1 bo}'^ and 1 girl under 16.

Pauper exijenses for the year, $674.50.

The buildings are i)oor and utterly inadequate for the care of thedependent population; and the almshouse was found to be in a dirty

and unkept condition. Out of 16 inmates present at our visit, 13

were insane or idiotic and the 3 sane, poor people there, whose onlydisability, except the infirmities of age, was poverty, were living

with the 13 bedlamites. The entire outfit is a disgrace to the civil-

ization of a State like Illinois. No religious services are held.

THE JAIL.

The condition of this jail is such that it is entirely unsafe for

retaining prisoners, and the only remedy is an entirely new structure.

Five male prisoners were awaiting trial during the time of visit;

The sheriff does the best he can to retain prisoners put in his

charge, but there is no difficulty for them to escape if they desire.

92

Fayette County.

Visited June 19tli.

The almshouse is -41 miles from Vandalia. It is situated upon a

200 acre farm, of which 180 acres are under cultivation.

There is a new main building, with separate quarters in the center

and one wing for the men and one for the women on either side.

AVhile thus far the plan is admirable it is not convenient in ar-

rangement, nor does it include proi)er laundry facilities and bathrooms to give good care. The water supply is plenty and the mainhouse well heated.

There were 2 old small buildings in which 4 men and 2 womenare kept which were very filth)", almost without furniture and bath,

and their inmates look neglected.

At the time of visit there were 21 inmates present, of which 12

were male and 9 female. One man and 1 woman insane; 1 man and1 woman imbecile, 1 woman blind, and 1 inmate a boy under 16.

Two children had been born during the year, 1 legitimate and 1

illegitimate. The boy is 9 years, has been placed out but returned.

He cannot read or write—never been to school.

Here, as before, the suj)erintendent's wife was asked to do morework than she could perform, and she needed a stout woman to help.

A bath tub stood in a room with some stored tobacco, the bath tubwas unused.

With the expenditure of a moderate sum of money, the buildings

of this institution might be made one of the best of this sort, andw^e trust we may see this improvement effected. The general plan

is admirable.

JAIL.

There was present in the jail at the time of visit one prisoner, a

man awaiting trial. There is a two story cell house with 4 cells oneach floor, 1 corridor in front: cells are 5x9x8. Separate rooms for

women. There is accommodation enough to x^rovide a fair degree of

physical comfort for a jail population no larger than Fayette county,

but of course neither arranged nor adaptable to a reasonable separa-

tion of prisoners. During the last year 42 prisoners passed through

the jail.

Ford County.


This county owns no farm but is considering the advisability of

purchasing one. The poor are boarded out at various places, or are

aided with outdoor relief. We found the condition of the jail to be

excellent, and the administration commensurate, but the separation

of prisoners is not good. Bathing facilities are bad. Prisoners 1,

male, awaiting trial. Religious services are held.

9S

Franklin County

Visited, May 10th.

Farm contains 20 acres. Superintendent under contract. Pojm-lation, 4 males. 11 females, 1 male insane, 2 females; 3 blind women,1 epileptic woman ; 3 boys and 1 girl under 16 years of age. Greatneed of bathing facilities, garden, fruit trees, small fruits. Prisoners,2 serving sentences.

Fulton County.


Almshouse is located 3 miles from Canton; farm contains SO acres.

Superintendent salaried; 56 inmates, 32 of whom were males and 24females; 8 males and 6 females are insane, 1 imbecile, male, 1 deaf-mute, male. 1 male and .3 females blind, 1 epileptic female; 5 boysunder 16 years of age, also one girl under 16 years. One birth, ille-

gitimate.

The buildings at this almshouse are old and poor in condition, andthe facilities ancient for the care of as many inmates as Fultoncounty has the care of. Nothing can be expected to be done, how-ever, as long as the contention for the county seat occuj^ies the mindsof the taxpayers of the county. The care of the paupers in this

almshouse is good. Religious services are held. Pauper expensesare S4.5(H).

THE .JAIL.

The condition of this jail warrants construction of an entirelynew building.

The administration seems to be fairly good. Religious servicesare held.

(tallatin County.

Visited May 6, 1896.

The care of paupers is let to lowest cash bidder. The presentcontract is for $1.70 per week to "board, clothe, convey to almshouseand bury." The farm where the paupers are now kept is distantfrom Shawneetown. the county seat, one hour's ride by train andthree miles by carriage. There were 8 inmates at the date of visit,

4 men and 4 women. No children. One man is insane, 1 was blindand 1 woman epilei^tic. One child, illegitimate, was born there dur-ing the last year. The inmates all lived in a building 16) by 32 feet.

This was divided into two rooms of ecpial size, one for men and onefor women. There was a table in the men's room where all ate.

The food was cooked in the superintendent's kitchen. The insaneman was treated in no wise different from the three other men. Itis needless to say that the letting out to highest bidder is a wrongand dangerous method, nor that the remoteness of the farm whereinmates are kept precludes any close knowledge of their true condi-tion by any one. As is often the case, the superintendent's wife wa.s

overworked, but did as well as she could.

1)4

THE JAIL.

On the day of visit there were five prisoners, all awaiting trial.

This jail is built of logs, with brick outer building. It consists of

two cells. 10x10x10, without light or air. The narrow corridor has

windows. The jail was filthy, and indeed could not be kept clean

even were a serious ett'ort made. The care which this county gives

to both its paupers and its insane is not worthy of the people of

(xallatin county.

Greene County.

Visited June 21.

Almshouse four and one-half miles from Carrollton. the county

seat. Farm contains 158 acres. Superintendent pays 8500 per year

for use of farm, and is allowed 82 weekly for each inmate. Cost of

maintenance, including 8600 for a new building, is $9,314.51. In-

mates present at date of visit 32, of whom 22 were male and 10

female; 4 were imbecile, 2 male and 2 female; 6 children, 5 bo5^s and1 girl. Religious services are held.

.TAIL.

There were present 3 prisoners, male, at date of visit: 2 awaiting

trial and 1 serving sentence. There is no separation of prisoners.

Jail is damp and ill-ventilated: needs a new steel cell-house. Re-ligious services are held.

Grundy County.

Visitation June 1st.

Located 5 miles south of Morris. Farm contains SO acres. Super-

intendent serves on contract. 20 males and 6 females at the time of

visitation: 3 males insane; 4 imbeciles, males; 1 epileptic, male.

Occasionally irregular visits from clergymen; no burial services.

THE .TAIL.

The jail is 20 years old, and seems a case of arrested development.

There is tubing for the gas, but no gas. Water suj)ply deficient; noclosets; tolerably clean, but overrun with roaches. The grade of

prisoners is of the low class. The prisoners seem to reflect the at-

titude of the sheriff invariably. When the sheriff' says, "it is goodenough for them," that is the key note to the situation. Seven males

in the jail awaiting trial: 2 serving sentences, and 1 a city prisoner.

Religious services every Sunday. Reading matter limited.

Hamilton Counpy.

Visited May 7.

The almshouse is three miles from McLeansboro, the county seat.

The farm contains KiO acres, all under cultivation. The inmates are

V)5

lodged in a large Ijuikliiig separated from the superiuteudeiit's house.

Certain repairs were much needed, but arrangements had already

been made for them, and they were to be begun the next week. Thehouse was unfurnished with conveniences, such as bath tub, neces-

sary in taking care of the large and irresponsible family found in

such a place. There were eleven inmates present, six of whom weremale and five female; one woman was insane, one epileptic, and there

were four children present, all boys. One child lias been born dur-

ing the year, illegitimate. The care of the insane woman diifi'red in

no respect from tliat of the sane inmates. The general care of this

almshouse, so far as the su])erintendent and his wife are concerned,

appeals t(i be good and faithful.

THE .lAlL.

There were present in the jail at the time of the visit live maleprisoners, of whom one was a boy under 16. Three were awaiting

trial and two serving sentence. A boy of 15 was here with his 17

year old brother, both charged with stealing hogs; brother was at

Pontiac in 1S93; 15 year old boy never in jail before; must remainuntil September before trial. The law was violated in keeping the

boy here. One of the prisoners was awaiting trial for murder of wife

and and child, for which he has since been executed. The jail con-

sists of four cells opening ujion a corridor six by twelve feet. Twoof the cells could not be used. In two cells eight feet square, all the

prisoners slept, and spent their days upon the common corridor. Thejail is insecure, filthy and a discredit to the citizens of Hamiltoncounty

:

H.\NC^ocK CorXTY.

Date of visitation. June 24th.

Almshouse is 2 miles from Carthage. Farm contains 200 acres.

Superintendent salaried. Forty-three inmates at the time of visita-

tion, 11 of which. 8 males, and u females were insane; 1 male and ]

female imbecile; 1 blind male: 2 male and 3 female epileptics. Num-ber of children born during the year, 1. illegitimate. The almshousein this county is a credit as to its condition and management to the

tax i)ayers of the county. Religious services are held.

THE .TAIL.

The condition of the jail is good. The separation of the ])risoners

is not as it shoukl be, as there is no provisions to separate minorsfrom others. There were 6 male prisoners at the time of visitation;

1 awaiting trial, 4 sentenced to the penitentiary and 1 to the reform-atory. Religious services are held.

Hardin County.

Visited May (')lh.

The almshouse is about eight miles from Elizabethtown, the crounty

seat. The farm contains 320 acres, of which about one-half is cleared

96

and under cultivation. The two room one story building in whichthe inmates are kept is in about the same miserable condition as it.

was two years ago. There are fire places but no stoves. Floor is

broken and the house quite unfit to shelter human beings. It wasnoticed that the county had bought some good new blankets. Theinmates present were five in number, one old man and four females.An old blind woman of respectable antecedents who should not beending her days here: a feeble-minded unmarried woman and herdaughter, also feeble-minded and unmarried; the daught'n"'s child hasbeen adopted; the other female inmate was a girl eight years old whohad never been at school, had tramped about the country with a manwho claimed to be her father, now in the penitentiary for life. Thechild is apparently normal but absolutely untav.ght.* This almshouseis too far from Elizabethtown. its isolation makes it imposible for

the citizens to take that interest in it which is necessary to properprovision for the inmates. The superintendent and his wife seemedto be doing what they*could with the very primitive ec^uipment pro-vided. No children were born there during the year. The contract

with the superintendent is nine dollars per month for each inmate.The superintendent, however, pays two hundred dollars per yearrent for the farm.

THE .TAIL.

The jail is a very creditable modern one stor}*. cell-house, whichcould easily be kept clean if an effort were made. At the time of

visit there were two prisons, one awaiting trial and one serving sen-

tence. The degree of comfort in which they lived was in markedcontrast with that enjoyed by the inmates of the almshouse.

Henderson County.

Visited May 22nd.

Located Ih miles from the court house. Contains 214 acres of

land. Superintendent is salaried. Nine inmates at the time of vis-

itation—2 males insane, 1 imbecile male, 1 blind male, and 1 boy un-der IG years of age. One birth illegitimate.

The almshouse and jail are under one administration at the farm.

The board of supervisors is considering their sei)aration. Religiousservices are occasionally held. The admistration is fairly good, andthere does nt)t seem to be any reason for complaints in that particu-

lar. Only one inmate at the jail and he was on parole about thefarm.

Henry County.

Visitation, ^lay 21st.

The almshouse is in the town of Munson; the farm contains ^20acres. Superintendent is on salary. Seventy-nine inmates present,

17 males and 14 females are insane; 5 males and 5 females imbeciles,

1 female deaf mute, 2 blind males. 1 epileptic male, 5 boys under 1(>

years of age, also 2 girls under 1() years.

*This child has since been removed to a good home thrmigh the efforts of this board andthe co-operation of a society for placing: out children.

97

This almshouse has ranked among the best in the State: it is cer-

tainly clean, comfortable and cheerful with delightful grounds andmany porches where the inmates can sit in the summer. The foodwas very good and generous in quantity. The insane are allowedalmost perfect freedom and there seems to be decided individualityamong inmates. The management is firm but humane and sympa-thetic. They need a teacher for the childen, a need which is foundalmost everywhere where there are children.

The fire protection is bad at this almshouse. Occasionally relig-

ious services are held.

THE .TAIL.

This jail is one of the most comfortable in the State; the sheriff

keeps a liberal sujDply of light reading, magazines and illustrated

papers for the prisoners. There were 6 male prisoners awaiting trial,

and 1 serving sentence. No religious services.

Ikoquois County.

Date of visitation. June 27.

Almshouse is 2| miles from Watseka. Superintendent is on salary.

Size of the farm 390 acres. There were 47 paupers present, of which16 males and 10 females were insane, one imbecile female, 4 epi-leptics, females, and one male, one child born during the year,illegitimate. General condition of this almshouse and administra-tion are very fine, and the care is kindly and humanely dealt out.Religious services are held.

THE .JAIL.

The jail was built in 1893, and is excellent in every condition, bothas to management and care of prisoners, and the separation is alsofirst-class. Six male prisoners awaiting trial, one of whom is aboy under IG years of age. Religious services, none.

Jackson County.

Visited May 1. 1896.

The almshouse is 2h miles from Carbondale. The farm contains200 acres, of which about three-quarters is under cultivation. Thebuilding in which the inmates are kept is a two-story frame housewith hall through the middle. There is no opportunity for any de-cent separation of men and women. At the time of the visit therewere 21 inmates. 9 male and 12 female, of whom 1 woman was insane.Two male and 2 female inmates were imbecile, 2 colored men wereblind. There were 6 epileptics, 2 white men and 2 white women, 1

colored man and 1 colored woman. There were 2 little girls, and 1

little boy whose mother was in the penitentiary. One farm hand and1 house servant were employed. There were several sick persons, all

the care of whom was given by inmates. The neglect of the sick,

—7 P. C.

98

the disorder and tilth of the house, the beds and bedding can hardlybe exaggerated. Such mismanagement and carelessness as is shownin tliis almshouse entails upon the county a burden of expense whoselimit is not reached in one generation. Nowhere in the State doesthe history of an almshouse during the last four years show morecertainly the penny wise policy of declining to make buildings de-

cent and so arranged as to afford due privacy, and of refusing to pro-vide efficient superintendents, medical care and nursing.

THE .lAIL.

The jail at Murphysboro is new and has been occupied only since

June, 1895. There are 10 double cells, taking four hammocks each.

The corridor is about 85 by 12 feet. Separate rooms for women, butno place for boys. The jail is electric lighted, steam heated, win-dows on three sides of the outer i)rick wall, has bath-room and sew-erage, and in every respect offers more attractive residence than the

Ijoorhouse. There were eleven jjrisoners, all men. Two awaitingtrial, 1 serving sentence. 6 sentenced to the penitentiary. 1 to execu-

tion, 1 on peace bond.

Jasper County.


The almshouse is about 7 miles from Newton, the county seat.

The condition of the buildings is poor, the roof leaking and the plas-

tering badly broken. There is no bath tub, nor drainage, the houseis heated by stoves, beds are i^oor, though the bedding is good. Phy-sician comes when called. There are good fruit trees on the place,

and a good garden. There were present at the time of visit 16 in-

mates, 12 male and 4 female. Three male were imbecile. Therewere 4 children. 2 boys and 2 girls. One child was born here duringthe year, legitimate—soon to be taken away b}' mother, a verj- re-

spectable woman. There was one eight-year-old feeble-mintled girl,

not epileptic, who has been there six years. She should, of course,

be in the institution for feeble-minded. One bo}' of 7. no mother,

father deserted, is lame, but is a bright child: should be where hecould go regularly to school. One boy six years old, born here of aninmate mother, should be removed. The sujierintendent and his wife

seemed excellent people. The contract with the superintendent cf

the poor farm is for SI.20 per week for food, clothing, bedding, medi-

cal care and .burial of inmates.

THE .TAIL.

There were present at the date of visit, three prisoners, men, await-

ing trial. The jail is a fair one and in better repair than the alms-

house.

99

Jefferson County.


This almshouse is 3-1 miles from Mt. Vernon, the county seat, andcontains 160 acres, of which 100 are under cultivation. The condi-

tion of the building in which th(? inmates are kvpt is fair, and there

is an effort to provide decent separation. There is no bath tub. Nofarm hands or house servants are employed; this makes a too heavyburden upon any .seperintendent's wife. No religious services are

held. There are three insane persons, whose care differs in no re-

spect from that of the sane inmates. There were present at the date

of visit 15 inmates, 8 of whom were male and 7 female. Two menand 1 woman insane. One man and 3 women imbecile. One blind

woman. One male and 1 female epileptic. Four children, boys, un-der l(x The 3 persons set down as insane have none of them beenadjudged insane. The woman had a child here, now dead, 11 years

ago, came back in 1895, nearly blind, diseased and insane at time.

One of the men here for many years, is violent at times with delu-

sions of persecution, then locked up for a day or two. The other in-

sane man is '"crazy at times when crossed." It will be observed that

these 3 inmates eat, sleep and mingle constantly wdtli the others, and,

although there is no one to care for them, they seem to be no moredangerous or unruly than the rest. While this almshouse has im-proved since last visit, it should be further improved by the hiringof a good strong woman to assist in the work of the house. Super-intendent has the use of the farm and is paid in addition 90 cents

per %veek for each inmate for food and clothing.

THE JAIL.

The jail is a stone and iron jail built in 1876, a two-story cell house.There were 8 prisoners .iwaiting trial at the time of visit. There are

no religious services.

Jersey County.

Visitation, J une 20.

Almshouse is 8 miles from Jerseyville; farm contains 200 acres.

The superintendent has the use of 200 acres of land, and receives 90cents per week, each, for keeping tlu' paupers, the county furnishingthe clothing. The condition of buildings is very poor.

.General condition of this building is bad, and should be replacedby a new edifice. Thirty-nine mah^s and 12 females in the institu-

tion; 4 males and 3 females insane: 1 blind male, 1 eijileptic male;8 boys and 2 girls undtu- 16 years of age. Two children bornduring the year, both illegitimate. No religious services are held.

THE .TAIL.

General condition, good. Separation not good. One nuile pris-

oner awaiting trial. No religious services.

100

JoDaviess County.

Almshouse is 2i miles from Galena; 44 acres in the farm. Super-intendent is salaried. Forty-nine inmates, 35 of whom weremales and 14 females: 7 insane males. 1 female: 1 imbecile male, 1

deaf-mute male, 1 epileptic male; 1 boy under 16 years of age; 1

birth, illegitimate.

Pauper expenses during the year were |5,093.77. Buildings are intolerably fair condition, and indicate improvement over last visit,

with opportunities still to improve. General care of the inmates is

good.

Water has been put in in the insane department for flushing pur-poses. The care is considerate and the food abundant. Religiousservices are held. Most of the inmates are aged people.

THE .JAIL.

The condition of the jail is good, but the separation is not at all in

conformity with the laws of the State. Better separation of prison-

ers, when made, will make this jail one of the first-class in the State.

Grand juries have repeatedly directed the State's attornej^ to insist

that the board of supervisors should make the separation of prison-

ers conform to the laws of the State. Four male prisoners at thetime of visitation. 1 of whom is awaiting trial, and 3 sentenced to thepenitentiary. The administration by the sheriff, who is also thejailer, can hardly be bettered, and the sheriff is one of the most hu-mane that we have found. No religious services are held.

JoHxsox County.

Visited April 30, 189().

The almshouse is situated about 30 miles from Vienna. The farmcontains 120 acres, about one-half of which is cleared and under cul-

tivation. The inmates are kept in three small, old buildings, all in

poor condition and unfit to shelter the feeble, helpless people of

which this almshouse population is largely made up. There werepresent at date of visit 15 inmates, 6 men and 8 women, white, and 1

colored woman; 1 woman is insane and 1 imbecile: 1 man man is

blind: 3 children. 1 boy and 2 girls. One of the children is epi-

leptic—a girl, who should be removed to some State institution

promptly. One illegitimate child was born during the year.

The care of the inmates is let to the lowest bidder, the county own-ing the farm.

THE JAIL.

There were 3 prisonars at the date of visit—2 men awaitingtrial and 1 serving sentence. No separation of prisoners attempted.

The jail is not modern, but is fairly satisfactory when there are onlya few prisoners.

101

Kane County.

Visited April 1.

The almshouse is about half way between Geneva and Batavia. andis one of the best in the State, and one of the best managed. Therewere present at the date of visit 112 inmates, 65 male and 47 female,

of whom 31 men and 30 women were insane; 2 male and 1 female

imbecile, 1 male and 2 female blind; 1 child, a boy, less than two

years old. Two children have been born here during the year,

1 legitimate and 1 illegitimate. There is a male and a female at-

tendant for the insane, and a night watch for the place. As an indi-

cation of the problem to be met in an almshouse we append the twofollowing cases:

No. 1.—Mother with, a child, above mentioned, born here, illegiti-

mate. Mother says she' has been in four or five other poorhouses.

Has been married and divorced.

No, 2.—Woman had 1 illegitimate child in her early youth, after-

ward married and had several children; husband died and she cameto the almshouse with the children, who were all taken from her andgiven to a children's placing-out society. She left the almshouseand went to work in a neighboring town. In the seven years since,

she has given birth to 3 children in this almshouse, returning here

before the bii^th of each child. All these children have been taken

by the ijlacing-out society. The woman is now in the almshouse,

but dissatisfied and anxious to leave, and the autliorities have nolegal right to detain her there.

The superintendent is salaried, and his wife receives a salary as

matron.THE JAIL.

At the date of visit there were 24 prisoners, 21 men and 3 women,of whom 15 were awaiting trial and 9 were serving sentence. This is

comparatively a new jail, and is capable of affording considerable

separation of prisoners, and could be easilj' kept clean, and the

prisoners compelled to be tidy, if reasonable effort were made. Dur-ing the year 16 escapes have been made, owing to defective locks.

Kankakee County.

Date of visitation. May 28.

Almshouse is in Kankakee township, and contains 40 acres. Sala-

ried superintendent. Twenty-three males and 14 females in

almshouse, of which 19 males are insane and 14 females; 1 maledeaf-mute and 1 blind. This almshouse is kept by two young peo-

ple, husband and wife, graduates of the Eastern Hospital TrainingSchool, and qualified for the care of the insane, of whom the inmatesare chiefly composed.

There is a large comfortable building for the insane with all mod-ern improvements. There is at i^resent a lack of furniture, but thesuperintendent and his wife have the right spirit and aim to have a

model infirmary. The sane, who are able, attend church. There are

occasional services for others.

102

THE JAIL.

The jail is kept in a thoroughly cleanly maniuT, whitewashed, andfree from all vermin with which it was formerly infested. Only 1

male prisoner in jail awaiting trial. No religious services are held.

Kendall County.

Visitation, June 3d.

There is no almshouse in this county. One prisoner awaiting trial,

male.

The jail is new, built within five years, well constructed, clean andwell kept. Prisoners classified and separated. Quite often the jail

is entirely empty. It has a small permanent librarj-, and regularlycontributed storj' papers; a lady from Yorkville takes friendly inter-

est in the inmates, and religious services are held once a month.

Knox County.

Visited May 25th.

Almshouse is a half mile from Knoxville. and contains 140 acresof land. Superintendent is paid salary. There w^ere 73 males and45 females present at the time of visit; 83 males and 22 females areinsane; 4 females are imbeciles; 1 female deaf-mute; 2 males arcblind; 3 males are epileptics; 7 boys and 1 girl are under 16 5'ears ofage. Number born during the year, 4.

This almshouse is in excellent shape, kept cleanly. Insane in-

mates are separated, and the general management seems to be con-ducted on business and humane principles. Religious services everytwo weeks. The county clerk and county board of auxiliary visitors

have furnished especially good statements as to this county, whichwe regret cannot be published in this report.

THE JAIL.

This jail is generallj^ in good condition and well managed, thecounty complying with the law in the separation of all classes ofprisoners. Some improvements are needed in the way of ventila-

tion. Twenty males are awaiting trial, and 1 female; 1 of whomis a boy under 16 years of age; 8 are serving sentences. Religious,

services every Sunday.

Lake County.'

Visited June 1.

The almshouse is about 9 miles from Waukegan, the county seat.

50 inmates, 32 of which are males and 18 females; 9 insane males,

5 females; 1 epileptic male, and 1 female: 6 boys and 8 girls under16 years of age ; 1 feeble-minded boy. One child born, illegitimate.

The buildings for the inmates are fair, and those for the farm are

perhaps the best in the State.

103

THE JAIL.

Population, 3 males awaiting trial, and 1 serving sentence.

LaSalle County.

Visited May 27th.

Location. 8i miles west of Ottawa: farm contains 210 acres. Thesuperintendent on salary. Population 24:0. of which 168 were malesand 72 females. There were 21 males and 44 females insane: 4 im-beciles, males. 2 females: 1 deaf-mute, male; 2 blind males, 1 femaleblind: li males epileptic and 1 female: B boys under 16 years of age.

Births during the year. 4: legitimate 1: illegitimate 3.

This institution is lacking in many particulars, for the simplifyingof its work. The matron is capable and deeply interested in the

place, but the inmates are considered in the mass and not individually.

There is need of a special attendant for the insane, who have nofreedom whatever. The women not insane are locked in when notaccompanied by an attendant. The working powers of the inmates are

not utilized. The basement of the alms building is a very bad placefor the men to]live, and 20 or more sleep there in cells, whitewashed,on the rough stone, with improper ventilation, and with constantdampness arising from the floor. The kitchen in this building hasno modern conveniences, no stationary kettles for soups, no facilities

for the immense amount of daily work. There is none of the home-like aspect or atmosi^here in the institution. No religious services.

THE .TAIL.

The jail is very gloomy; many of the prisoners are foreigners, andof the desperate class. The jail is well managed on the whole, butdefective light is enough to condemn it. It is also insufficiently fur-

nished. There is no provision for separating men from boys in this

jail, and the wards for the women are not what they should be.

Three male prisoners and 2 females awaiting trial, and 6 malesserving sentences. Religious services every Sunday, and readingmatter supplied.

Lawrence County.

Visited May 12.

The almshouse is 'M, miles from Lawrenceville. The farm contains80 acres. The buildings are ijoor—most one story -frame buildings,infested with vermin: no decent separation of men and womenpossible. There is no bath-tub or plumbing. There were present at

date of visit 10 inmates, 6 male and 4 female, of whom 1 was aninsane man and 2 were children -boys. One legitimate child wasborn during the year. A boy, about 10 years old, here nearly oneyear, has step-father who refuses to allow him to live at home; hasnever been at school; not dull, but said to be "light-fingered." Theother child is a boy of 7; here with his father, who is sick.

101

Superintendent is allowed 14 cents each per day and the use of thefarm for keeping the inmates. There are no fruit trees or berries onthe place. The bedding is untidy, the bed-frames of wood, whichshould be replaced by iron. House much in need of repair.

THE JAIL.

There is a new jail since last visit, Avhich cost $6,000. Well built;

fire-proof; has a three cell steel cage, 24x7 feet. Water is in the

cage. The equipment of the jail is, of course, much more modernand comfortable than that of the almshouse. There were no prisonerspresent at date of visit.

Lee County.

Visitation, May l(x

Located 1 mile from Eldena;farm contains 100 acres; superintend-ent receives a salary; 31 males and 20 females present; 4 insane malesarid 7 females; 2 imbecile males and 2 females: 2 blind men; 1 maleand 1 female epileptics; 1 boy and 1 girl under 10 years of age.

The buildings are old, but kept in i^retty good condition. A newsitting room and water closets are needed: also better bathing facili-

ties.

The insane have no especial care and are generally manageable.The general condition of this almshouse is only fair.

•JAIL.

The jail is. on the whole, in fair condition. l)ut kept in a mechani-cal way. Boys are separated from men and locked up together with-

out regard to character, but the letter of the law is kept as to separa-

tion. Four prisoners awaiting trial. Religious services are irregu-

larly held.

Livingston County.

Time of visitation, March 29.

Almshouse is 4 miles from Pontiac; farm contains 154 acres; super-

intendent receives a salary ; 36 males and 29 females, of whom 9 malesand 7 females were insane; 3 males and 1 female epileptics.

This almshouse is reported as a model in every way; perfect distri-

bution of light and air throughout the whole gives at once the foun-

dation for the health and cheerfulness of the inmates. The separate

rooms are all comfortable; sitting and dining rooms are attractive;

general appointments for the dail}^ life of the inmates admirably ar-

ranged.

Superintendent seems to be a man in every way qualified for the

management of the institution. No religious services.

105

JAIL.

The jail is absolutely destitute of furniture, there being nothing in

the cells but mattresses and blankets on stone floors. Light and ven-

tilation very deficient.

The room for women was none too cleanly. There were 4 prison-

ers awaiting trial and 2 serving sentences. No religious services.

LoaAN County.

Visited April 24.

The Logan county poor farm is a rich and valuable tract of land,

far above the average. The salary of the superintendent is $800 perannum. The "insane building" is battered and dirty. The rest of

the buildings are comfortable and in fair repair. The house is steamheated. The inmates appear clean, well fed and cared for, and theadministration of the house seems very creditable to the superintend-ent and to his wife. The male in.sane have a special attendant, andare at liberty during the day in a fenced yard, upon which the insanebuilding opens at the rear. One child was born in the almshouseduring the year. There were present at the date of visit 52 inmates,31 men and 12 women. No children. There were 9insatie men and4 insane women, 1 imbecile man and 2 imbecile women, 1 man a deafmute, and 2 epileptics, 1 man and 1 woman.

.TAIL.

The jail is an old-fashioned stone jail. The cells are four on eachstory, eight in all. Only cuiistant whitewashing makes the jail tolera-

ble for use.

Mason County.

Date of visitation, June 18.

Almshouse is at Teheran; farm contains 160 acres of land. Super-intendent receives a salar)-. The population consists of 7 males and2 females; 3 males insane, 3 male imbeciles and 1 female, 1 blind maleand 1 female. No baths or water closets in this almshouse. Protec-tion from fire wholly inadeciuate. The buildings are old and shouldbe replaced with new ones. Care is averagely fair. No religious

services.

JAIL.

The jail is fair as regards cleanliness. Ventilation is poor. Sep-aration of prisoners is as bad as can be. A new jail is needed, whichis seriously contemplated by the board of supervisors.

Macoupin County.

Date of visitation, June 15.

Almshouse is 2 miles north of Carlinville; farm contains 120 acres.

Superintendent is paid a salary. Forty-eight males and 13 females.

of whom 13 males and 5 females are insane, .'5 males are imbeciles, 1

is blind, 3 are epileptics, and 1 child under 1(^ years of age. Thebuildings are not kept in good condition by the board of supervisors.

Superintendent seems to be a careful man. and tries to make the con-dition of his inmates as pleasant as possible. No religious services

are held.

JAIL.

Separation of prisoners fairly good; general condition good: -J. pris-

oners are awaiting trial. No religious services are held.

Madison County.

Date of visitation. June 29.

Almshouse is located near Edwardsville; farm contains 21 acres.

Superintendent boards the inmates on contract. Twenty-eight in-

mates present at the time of visitation; 9 males and 16 females in-

sane, 1 imbecile male, and 2 epileptics male. Almshouse is well kept.

No religious services are held.

•TAIL.

The condition is good: SO prisoners w^ere present at the time of

visitation: 18 men awaiting trial and 1 boy under 16 years of age; 5men serving sentence: 5 sentenced to the penitentiary, men, and 2 to

the reformatory. No religious services are held.

Marion County.

Visited May 11.

The almshouse is five miles from Salem. The farm contains 200acres, of w^hich 160 are under cultivation. The building is in fair

condition, one story frame, seven sleeping rooms, with twenty-five

iron beds. There were 25 inmates present at the time of visit. Ninemale and 16 female, of wdiom one man and one woman were insane,

one feeble-minded, two male and two female epileptics, five children

two boys and three girls. No children have been born in the houseduring the year. One twelve year old epileptic girl, strong and well

grown, and one sixteen year old feeble-mined girl, who has been in

this almshouse for the last six years, should both be at Lincoln. Thegeneral appearance of the grounds and gardens and farm was veryattractive, and most creditable to the covmty and to the superinten-

dent. The inmates seemed as well cared for as the superintendentand his wife could make them. A family of this size should be pro-

vided with better conveniences for bathing and for laundry work.


jail.

The jail has a two story steel cell house, four c-ells eight by eleven

on each story, and separate quarters for women. There is sewerageto a cesspool, but all water for flushing must be carried. Two

107

escapes have been made during the year, one through the brick wall,

and in the other case the woman was sick and not locked. Occasional

religious services. At the date of visit there were ten prisoners,

eight men and two women, of whom six men and two women were

awaiting trial, and two men were serving sentences. No attempt

was made to keep the male prisoners separate.

Marshall County.

Date of visitation. May 18th.

Almshouse, two and a half miles southwest of Sparland. Super-intendent receives a salary. Seventeen males and four females at

date of visitation; five males and six females insane, one blind male;

four imbeciles, males, and one female; one boy under 16 years of age.

Building for the insane is especially well kept. Occasionally,

religious services are held.

JAIL.

There is no separation of minors, debtors and witnesses. Thejail is old, musty and cannot be improved other than by a new build-

ing. Occasionall)^ religious services.

Macon County.


The almshouse is about five miles from Macon. The farm con-

tains 200 acres, all under cultivation. The superintendent is

salaried. Two farm hands are employed, and the board allows $3.00

per week for house service. The house is steam heated, has bathrooms, the beds and bedding are good, and the place seems well

managed. There were present at the time of visit 25 male and 10

female inmates, of whom 4 men and 1 woman were insane. Oneman was imbecile, one a deaf mute, and there were two children,

one a bo}'^ and one a feeble-minded girl eight years old—an illegiti-

mate child, epileptic. Two children had been born here during the

year, one legitimate, and one illegitimate. The sleeping rooms are

kej)t locked during the daj^ time, and the inmates are not allowed to

lie down. While this secures greater tidiness for the house, wethink it often entails a hardship upon old and feeble people. Ser-

vices are some times held. Physician visits once a week. Thedoors are locked upon the insane at night, but these are mild cases,

and their care differs little from that of the sane inmates, with whomthey mingle.

•TAIL.

There were present at the time of visit 33 prisoners, all male, of

whom 24 were awaiting trial, 8 were serving sentence, and one, a boyof sixteen, awaiting transportation to Glenwood. The boy, nine years

old. has two brothers, one of whom has been at Pontiac twice, andthe other three times. He is here charged with setting tire to a box

108

car. Reli«;ious services are held at the jail. The jail contains 24cells. 20. three by six and a half feet, and four, four feet by six andn lialf. There are two good rooms upstairs, and the small boy wasupstairs. The prisoners are for the most part together on the corri-

dors during the day.

Massac County.

Visited May 2d.

The almshouse is two miles from Metropolis. The building in

which the inmates are kept is old and not in the best order. Theaddition of a furnace in place of stoves since last visit is a great im-provement. There were present at the date of visit, twenty-twoinmates, fourteen male, and eight female, of whom five white menand one colored man are insane, four white women and one coloredwoman are insane. One man and one woman imbecile. One blindAvoman. One epileptic man. One feeble-minded girl. Three chil-

dren, all boys. One insane colored man, whom it was necessary to keepconstantl}^ locked in his room. There are several insane here whoshould be at Anna. The only excuse for their presence in an alms-house is that until the hospital is rebuilt, after its fire, it is not pos-

sible to receive them. One insane woman was returned from Annaseveral years ago, and has been in the almshouse much of the timesince—has had three children since her return—she cannot be pro-

tected or cared for outside of a hospital, and it is a strange sense of

economy and humanity alike which has permitted her to remain thusfor years outside of an institution for the insane.

•TAIL.

This county has a comparatively new jail, which is excellent andmodern in most respects Tliere was one prisoncM- ;nvnitiiio- trial at

the time of visit.

McDoNDUGH County.

Date of visitation, June 28d.

The farm is two and one half miles from Macomb and contains

160 acres, all of which is under cultivation. The superintendentreceives a salary. Religious services are held. Water supply en-

tirely inadequate; however, they are in connection with Macomb bytelephone line, which has been found very useful to the superinten-

dent, and might prove such in case of fire.

JAIL.

The condition is good; also the administration, a better separation

of prisoners is required to comply with the State law.

McHenry County.

Visited June 29.

Almshouse is at Hartland, four miles from Woodstock, farm con-

tains 110 acres. Superintendent has a salary. Eighteen males and

101)

thirteen females were present, six of each sex are insane, one mahv

idiot, two female idiots, one male and one female blind, one maleepileptic; no births.

The buildings are in good condition, and the administration

ample.

No religious services are held but they are contemplated.

.TAIL.

The jail is in excellent condition. The administration is admir-

able excepting that the separation of prisoners is not complete; oneprisoner serving sentence, male. Occasionally religiovis services are

held.

McLean County.

Located 4i miles from Bloomington. Farm contains 300 acres.

Superintendent salaried. Population 128, 88 of which were males

and 40 females: 24 men insane. 10 women; 9 imbeciles, males, 8

females; 1 male and 1 female deaf-mutes; 1 blind, male; 2 epileptics,

males, and 2 females; 12 boys and 2 girls under 16. 4 births, 1 legiti-

mate, 3 illegitimate. Pauper expenses, $6,096.32.

The condition of buildings is usually fine and excellent.

Main building has fire escape. This is one of the best man-aged almshouses visited, and as a rule is furnished with good appli-

ances. What to do with the large number of children under 16 years

of age which are found at this almshouse, is a problem with its

management. We found them kept in a building by themselves,

with a special matron in charge, and removed as far as possible fromthe influences of the other inmates.

The care of the inmates is excellent. Religious services are fre-

quently held.

THE JAIL.

The condition of this jail is average good. Ventilation is goodin the day time, but the cells are close and stuffy; corridors andcells are too dark. Prisoners awaiting trial, 7 males, 2 under 1(>

years of age. Serving sentences, 15; insane awaiting admission to

hospital, 1. The administration is good. Religious services held

every fortnight.

Menard County.

The almshouse is near Petersburg; farm contains 129i acres. Su-perintendent works on a contract. Pauper expenses, $719.90. Therewere 29 inmates, 21 males and 8 females; 10 insane males, 5 females:

1 epileptic male and 2 females; 1 boy under 16. Buildings are in

fair condition, and the care seems to be as good as could be expectedat the ijrice of remuneration paid the superintendent. No religious

services.

110

THE JAIL.

Improvements needed here are a new jail; absolutely no separa-

tion of prisoners. Administration seems to be fairly well maintained.

No religious services for the past year.

Mercer County.

Date of visitation, May 20.

Located i\ miles north of Aledo: farm contains 360 acres. Super-intendent salaried. Population 25; 18 males, 7 females; 9 insane

males and 4 females; 2 blind males and 1 female; 2 epileptics, fe-

males.

The county is agitating the question of new buildings, which are

much needed, but the care and treatment of the inmates seems to be

well performed. Religious services occasionally.

THE .JAIL.

The jail is in fair condition. Separation of prisoners, none, ex-

cept room is provided in the jail residence for women. The admin-istration is good. Religious services occasionally. In this countyan entirely new structure is needed.

.TAIL EXPENSES.

Paid for dietiug pi-i«oner.s. year ending' Marcb. 1896

Other jail expensesPaid for buildings and other improvements, same period.

$521 69373 41

180 15

Total .iail expenses |$1.075 25

PAUPEK EXPENSES.

Salary county physician, year ending March, 1896.

.

Cost maintenance at almshouseCost buildintrs and improvementsCost out door relief

Total paupei- expenses

COUNTY KAKM RECEIPTS.

Keceived from all soui'ces. year ending March. 1896. .

.

INNENTOKY COUNTY FARM.

Estimated value land and buildings.FurnitureFarmins- implempntsOther county propertyLive stock

Total.

S12i 502,210 21

1, 146 004,380 62

87. 861 33

$1.728 03

$22, 000 00550 00562 00

1,701 002,822 00

$27,635 00

State of Illinois,

Mercer County.

J, Henry E. Burukss. County Clerk of Mercer county, hereby certify that,

ISEAL.J the foregoing is true antl correct, as compiled from the records and re-ports of the County Board of Mercer county.

Henry E. Burgess, Countu Clerk.

IJl

Monroe County.

Visited Juno 23.

The almshouse is situated in the town of Waterloo, upon 2 acres

of laud. The superintendent is paid $10.00 i)er month, and in

addition 25 cents each per day for sane inmates, and 35 cents perday for insane inmates. There were present at the date of visit 11

inmates. <S men and 3 women, of whom 2 women were insane, and 2

men blind. No children have been born there during the year.

The 2 insane women were kept locked in a large and comfortableroom to j)revent their running away, but were were taken down to

eat their meals with the rest. The main house was in good repair.

No religious services are held. In general the inmates seem to becomfortable and well cared for. The houses are heated by stoves.

THE .TAIL.

There were no prisoners in the jail at the time of visit. The cell

house is on the second floor. There are 8 cells, roomy, clean andfurnace he^nted.

MoNTGOMEiJV County.

\ isited June 17.

The almshouse is a few miles out from Hillsboro, the countyseat, pleasantly situated. The farm contains about 240 acres. Themain i^art of the house is comfortable, but the old brick building for

women, in the rear is i)oor, cannot be kept clean, and should be torndown and replaced. The superintendent has a salary of $600.00 peryear. There is decent separation and privacy possible, and thegeneral care of the sui^erintendent and his wife seem to be creditableto them, and to the county. There were 20 inmates present, 13 men,and 7 women—no children. One old woman is insane, there is 1

imbecile man and 2 epileptics, a man and a woman. No childrenhave been born here during the year. No regvilar religious services

are held. The water supply is poor. There should be a good newwell near the house, and a bath tub should be furnished and properlysupplied with water.

THE JAIL.

There were present in the jail at the date of visit, V) prisouers. all

men, 4 awaiting trial, and 5 serving sentence. The jail was in therear of the court house.

Moultrie County.

Visited June 27.

The almshouse is located three miles from Sullivan. The farmcontains 200 acres. The buildings are of brick, newly painted andwhitewashed. Men's and women's quarters well separated. A bath

112

room, milk house and wash room are much needed. There were pres-

ent at the date of visit, 9 inmates, of whom 3 were men, 5 women and1 boy. One woman was insane, 1 a deaf mute and 1 an epileptic.

Two children, both illegitimate, were born during the year. Therewere no religious services held. The superintendent has a salary.

.TAIL.

There were 2 male prisoners present at date of visit, both servingsentence. The jail is on the upper floor of the sheriff's residence,

and is singularly insecure, as was shown when a prisoner w^as takenfrom the jail and lynched, since last report. The interior of the jail

should be entirely reconstructed, or a new jail built. No religious

services were held.

Morgan County.

Date of visitation, August 29th.

Almshouse is located 4 miles north of Jacksonville, farm, 2(X>

acres; superintendent receives a salary. Population 67, 36 of whichare males, and 3 are females; 20 insane males, and 20 females, 1 deafmute, 1 epileptic, male, 1 boy and 2 girls under 16 years of age.

Eighty prisoners can be kept at this almshouse.

Pauper expenses for the year, $19,616.96. Buildings are in goodcondition, also the care. Religious services are held by local

ministers.

JAIL.

This jail is one of the poorest in the State. Sixteen prisoners at

the time of visitation, all males, 10 awaiting trial, 1 serving sentence,

2 sentenced to the penitentiary, 1 sentenced to the reformatory, 2held as witnesses. Ventilation is bad, also the drainage. Presentjail is entirely inadequate for use from a sanitary view.

The administration is as good as could be expected under the

circumstances. Religious services are held.

Ogle County.

Date of visitation, May 15, 1896.

Located 2 miles from the court house, on the b-ank of Rock river,

farm, 80 acres; superintendent, salaried; population 52; 35 weremales and 17 females, 8 males insane, 6 females, 3 males epileptic

and 1 female. This almshouse is one of the best in northern Illi-

nois, and the care of the inmates and the administration of its affairs

could not be well bettered. Religious services twice a month.Paujier expenses $5,717.02.

113

THE JAIL.

The condition of this jail is excellent. Population of the jail was10, 8 males awaiting trial, 1 insane male, 1 male serving sentence, 1

of the prisoners, a boy under IG. This jail needs separation of pris-

oners for both boys and women, better ventilation is also neededhere. The administration is good. No religious services.

Peoria County.

Located 8 miles from Peoria; farm contains 320 acres; superin-

tendent and assistant superintendent are salaried. There were 175

inmates at the time of visitation, 119 were males and 56 females; 24insane males, and 24 insane females; 2 imbeciles, males; 2 blind

males, and 1 female; 3 epileptics; males, and 6 females; 3 boys under16 years of age; 2 children born during the year, 1 legitimate, 1 ille-

gitimate.

This almshouse needs a new building, too many inmates are putinto the rooms, and, during the winter season, the sui^erintendent is

obliged to sleep a great many on mattresses in the halls of the house.

The condition of the buildings are all in good repair, and the gen-eral administration is creditable. Religious services are held.

THE -JAIL.

The condition of the jail is very fair; ventilation in the boys' de-

jDartment needs imi^rovement; the capacity for minors should be in-

creased. • Ventilation is deficient usually, owing to the number of

prisoners confined. There were 38 prisoners at the time of visita-

tion, 20 males, of which 1 was a boy under 16 years of age, and 2 fe-

males, were awaiting trial, 1 male was serving sentence, 2 were sen-

tenced to the penitentiary, and 7 were sentenced to the reformatory,1 male prisoner insane. Religious services are held on Sundays.

Perry County.

Visited June 22, 1896.

The almshouse is 1^ miles from Pinckneyville. The farm contains90 acres of land. Since last visit, screens have been placed at thewindows and good porches added to the building, and the buildingpainted, but the screens were not kept fitted and the house was dis-

orderly and not clean. The beds and bedding contained vermin andthe general care of the place was not what it should be. The super-intendent's wife was doubtless doing all that she could, but with thehelpless sick and inefficient population of the house, a strong andcapable woman was needed in addition to the superintendent's wife,

in order to carry on the house with comfort or safety. There werepresent at the date of visit 17 inmates. 12 men, 3 women and 2 chil-

dren—boys. There was 1 man with broken leg and a boy with con-sumption, both needing good nursing. One woman was an imbecile,

—S P. C.

1 blind, ami 1 inaii L'pik-ptic. One illegitimate child was born dur-ing the year. Two little boys, 5 and 8 years old—brothers—havebeen here since 1894, deserted by the parents; do not go to school.Religious services once a month.

JAIL.

There was 1 prisoner present, a colored man, awaiting trial, at thetime of visit. The jail consists of an eight-cell one-storj'^ cage; waterin the corridor, inside. Bath-tub filled with refuse. Religious ser-

vices held very seldom. One escaped during the year by sawingthrough the cage and slipping out when outer door was opened.

Pike County.

This county employs a salaried superintendent and has a farm of

80 acres, only 15 of which are in cultivation. The value of farm,buildings and other property is estimated to be worth 817,000, thecondition of which are in good repair. No religious services are re-

ported. The net cost to the county on account of maintenance of its

paupers for the year was SlO.llo.ol. The number of inmates wasfound to be ()0, of which 28 were males and 32 females, 17 of the lat-

ter being insane; 3 were deaf-mutes and females, 3 blind women, 7

epileptic women and 7 girls under 16 years of age.

THE JAIL.

The jail at time of visit contained 9 male prisoners, awaiting trial.

Religious services are held every Sunday, and the general conditionswere fair to good, and the building is lighted with electricit)^ andheated with steam. The sheriff is paid 45 cents per diem for feedingprisoners. The total jail expenses were $1,470.25 for the year endingSeptember 1, 1896.

Piatt County.

Visited June 26.

The almshouse is three miles from Monticello, upon a farm con-taining 275 acres. The superintendent has a salary. The main house,containing the superintendent's quarters, the women and the hiredmen, is a good brick building and in good repair. More space seemsto be needed, however, and a separate building seems to us more de-

sirable than an addition to the main house. The men are kept in a

fair degree of comfort in 2 one-story frame cottages. The generalsupervision and care of the superintendent and his wife seem to usexcellent; the county, however, should employ at least 1 stout womanto help the superintendent's wife. The main building, in which the3 women inmates and the superintendent's family live, is very incon-

venient; there is no water in the house, no bath-room. Washing is

done in an old outside wash-house, with fire-place and kettle hungabove. There is no milk-room and all water must be carried by hand.The house is clean and the beds, even in the cottages for men, are

115

remarkably free from vermin, There is a good garden. More berries

might be set out to advantage. There were i^resent at the date of

visit 15 inmates, 12 men and I] women, of whom 1 man was insane.

His care differs in no respect from that of the sane inmates withwhom he freely mingled.

.JAIL.

There were 1 prisoners present at the date of visit. This is an old

jail, which changes little from year to year. It is by no means oneof the most uncomfortable in the State, but it has all the usual dis-

advantages of lack of separation of ijrisoners.

Pope County.

Visited May 3 and 1, 189(1

This county has no almshouse, but boards out its j)oor by a con-tract with one of the supervisors, who sub-lets them to variousfamilies. It was necessary to drive twenty miles and back to see

them, and it then proved impossible in one day to see all. Twochildren, one a feeble-minded colored boy, were boarded in such re-

mote places that they could not be seen. It is most unfortunate for

the helpless poor of this county that this system of caring for themshould be permitted. At one place, in a room 10 feet square, withcracks through which the light showed, with fire-place instead of

stove, two men were kept. The room was exceedingly dirty. Alame boy of about 16, whose step-father would not jjermit him to

stay at home, was at the same place, but had another room, some-what better, with a good bed, which his mother gave him. Unlessthis boy can be taken away and set to tailoring, or some work whichhe can do, the county of Poj^e certainly has his permanent main-tenance in store. He is strong and bids fair to live a long life.

Back in the woods a quarter of a mile, in a small two-room log cabin,

were found three girls in care of an elderly woman, who maintainedherself by boarding them. Two were feeble-minded. Their ageswere 10, 15 and (i. They are all cousins; their mothers not living

and fathers unknown. Since making the visit the two feeble-mindedgirls have been sent to the school at Lincoln, and the normal childhas been taken by a "placing out" society.

JAIL.

The jail consists of two rooms, each about 13 feet square, oneabove the other. They contain mattresses upon the floor, no otherfurniture; little light in the upper one and a mere glimmer in thelower; filth extreme in both. Of course, no separation of prisonersis possible if there are more than two. There were «t the time of

visit 8 men, () white and 2 colored, awaiting trial. If there is a

woman prisoner, she is kept in the jailer's house. There is no wayof improving this jail save by its absolute destruction.

116

Pulaski County,

Visited April 28,

The almsliouse is situated three and one-half miles from Olmstead,and about two hours drive from the county seat. The superintendenthas 95 cents a week for the board and clothing of each inmate, notincluding burial or physician. He also has the use of the farm of

80 acres. The building in which the inmates live is of frame, muchin need of rei)air; beds and bedding very poor; water supply must becarried; heated by stoves; no opportunity for adequate supervision

or separation; physician comes once in two or three months in winterand once in two or three weeks in summer. Eight inmates werepresent at date of visit, 4 male and 4 female, of whom 1 man and 1

woman were insane, one child was an imbecile boy, and there was also

a colored boy. The care of the insane differs in no respect from that

of the sane inmates, with whom they eat and sleep. We are sure that

if this almshouse were less isolated from the many good citizens of

Pulaski county there would be a better provision for its helpless

inmates.

JAIL.

There were present at date of visit, 14 prisoners, 12 men awaitingtrial and 2 serving sentence. A new jail is greatly needed. Thepresent jail consists of one cage 12x12x8, with iron sides and a woodenceiling. There have been as many as 21 prisoners in the cage at

once; all could not then lie down at the same time. At time of visit

there were 9 men in the cage, and 3 prisoners, including a boy of 16,

in the small corridor outside. There is a separate room for femaleprisoners. The jail was kept in as cleanly and decent a condition as

possible, but it is needless to say that it could not be wholesomeunder the circumstances. A clergyman holds service three or four

times a year.

Putnam County.

Date of visitation May 16th.

Three miles east of Hennepin. Farm contains 33 acres. Total

number in almshouse, 5; 1 imbecile and 1 blind, all 5, males. In-

mates are kept on the contract plan, and the administration is good.

Food and clothing sufficient and comfortable. There are no religious

services.

.JAIL.

Nothing but a new structure will answer, as the jail in use is a dis-

grace to the ordinary civilization of a semi-barbarous people. Thereis no population in the jail, nor any religious services.

117

Richland County.

Time of visitation, May 11.

Superintendent under contract. There were -l males and 5 fe-

males; 1 male was insane, 1 female blind, 2 males epileptic. Pauperexpenses, $2,487.09. The poor farm is ijoorly worked; lacks fruits,

berries, etc.; surroundings untidy; repairs needed; beds infested withvermin; walls cracked; separation atrocious.

Randolph County.

Visited Jvme 20.

The almshouse is 2| miles from Chester. The farm contains 160acres of land. The inmates are kept in three houses, a two-story

brick "asylum" and two one-story frame cottages; the brick househas a furnace; the others are heated by stoves. Three good tin bathtubs were bought last year and stand about the place; none of themconnected with water and none of them used. A general overhaul-ing of the buildings and improvement in the water supply and theputting in of proper bath rooms is very desirable. There were pres-

ent at the date of visit 32 inmates, of whom 22 were men, 19 werewomen and 1 child—a girl; there were 4 insane men, of whom 1 wascolored, and 2 insane women, 1 colored; 2 imbecile men, 1 colored,

and 1 imbecile woman; 1 colored epileptic man. The condition of

the inmates indicated good care on part of superintendent and wife.

JAIL,

The jail at Chester is one of the oldest in the State. There were6 prisoners awaiting trial on the date of visit, 2 of whom were col-

ored. It is a solid stone jail, dark and difficult to keep wholesome,although well whitewashed at time of visit,

Rock Island County,

Date of visitation, May 23,

Almshouse 2 miles from Coal Valley; farm contains 177 acres; su-

perintendent is salaried ; 76 males and 54 females present; 32 malesinsane and 30 females, 1 male and 2 females imbeciles, 5 males and 1

female blind, 1 epileptic male and 1 female, 1 child under 10 yearsof age. Paujjer expenses, $18,194.85. The Rock Island county alms-house shows a most wise and humane management, with great indi-

viduality among the inmates, insane as well as others. The woman'ssitting-room in the insane department is a cheerful i)lace, with rock-ing chairs, lounges, tables, books, jDictures and fancy work; it lookslike a woman's room. Many of the inmates have their i3et animals,and a St. Bernard dog is the playfellow of the children. It is a placewhere God's will is done on earth. No rcliirious services are held.

118

JAIL.

The jail building is amongst the worst visited: the cells are darkand almost tilled by the double beds in each. Frequently a numberof the i)risoners have to sleep on the tables where meals are served.The sheriff has infused in his prisoners the desire to keep the f)lace

as clean and orderly as possible; he seems generous in the provisionof comforts, furnishing prisoners with reading matter of a good class.

Twenty-two prisoners; 14 males and 1 female awaiting trial, and 7males serving sentences. This jail ought to be torn down and a newone erected in its place. No religious services.

Saline County.

Date of visitation, April 80.

Population, 9 males and 5 females; 3 imbeciles, males, and 2 imbe-ciles, females; 1 blind female; 1 epileptic, male; 1 boy and 5 girls un-der 1() years of age.

The condition of this jail is jjoor in every respect.

Schuyler County.

Visited June 22.

The almshouse is If miles from Kushville, the county seat. Farmcontains 1()5 acres. Superintendent receives a salary and his wife asalary as matron. Buildings are all old and in bad repair; no bathtub or plumbing; heated by stoves; water supply sadly deficient.

Buildings were as clean as consistent with their general dilapidation;they should be thoroughly overhauled, if worth it, or, better still, re-

placed b}- new. The situation and natural drainage are good. Therewere present at date of visit 80 inmates, 18 male and 12 female, of

whom 1 man and 1 woman were insane, 1 man and 1 woman epilep-

tic and one woman imbecile; 4 children, 3 boys and 1 girl. Insanemingle with sane freely during day; are locked in at night. Frecpientreligious services are held.

•TAIL.

There were 2 prisoners, men, awaiting trial on date of visit. Xochanges have been made in this jail since it was built, in 18o(^. It is

at present insecure and unwholesome. Xo improvement can be madesave by a new jail. Religious services are held on Sundays.

Scott County.

Almshouse is located 2i miles from Winchester, and contains 80acres. Superintendent cares for the paupers under a contract. Con-dition of buildings is good. Xo religious services are held.

JAIL.

Condition of the jail is very bad and has been condemned by the

grand jury several times. One prisoner awaiting trial. 1 serving sen-

tence, both males. Administration good. Religious services, some.

Shelby County.

Visited June 18.

The almshouse is six miles from Shelbyville. The farm contains240 acres. The main building and the woman's building are goodand in good repair, the men's "cottage'' old and poor. All the build-

ings are constructed in too jail-like a manner. The houses are all

heated by stoves. A steam plant would prove an economy as well as

a safeguard against tire. The houses were clean and the general ap-pearance of the inmates good.

There were present at date of visit, fourteen male and fourteenfemale inmates, of whom one woman was insane, two men blind, andseven were children, three boys and four girls. There were two chil-

dren born during the year, both illegitimate. One girl. 14 years old,

has lived here since she was 2 years old; does not go to school; hasno parents: a scrofulous, sore neck has prevented her obtaining a

home. A girl 7 years old, has been here over a year with her mother,a widow. One of the children born in the house is here with themother, who has an "awful temper." A child 2 years old, here fourmonths with the mother; the father has deserted them. Lame boy10 years old. illegitimate, here with mother; never at school. A 10-

year-old boy has father living in Shelbyville; mother dead; has hadthree brothers here. A boy 3 years old; mother deserted this child,

which was born here; father has served a term in the penitentiaryand deserted mother; three children of this mother have been placedout from here.

The house needs a good bath-room, with hot water heater.

.TAIL.

This jail is built on the plan of a middle corridor, with dead doorsinto each cell opening from it, so that a complete separation of pris-

oners is practicable. Such separation is not maintained, but this is

the only jail in the State, so far as known, built upon a model whichrenders separation practicable. The jail is too near the street, andscreens have been placed across the windows on the outer walls to

cut off communication, which also cut off much light. The jail wasin good order and clean. There were two ])risoners present at thetime of visit, one serving out a fine and the other untler a peace bond.

Stark Cointy.

Visited May 22.

The almshouse is three miles from Toulon, the county seat. Thefarm contains KiO acres. The superintendent is salarietl. The total

cost of maintaining almshouse for the last fiscal year was .$3,599.65.

There were twenty inmates present at date of visit, of whom elevenwere male and nine female; one insane woman, three imbecile menand one iml)ecile woman, one epileptic man: three children, two ])oys

and one irirl.

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The buildings are well constructed, ample and clean, and the gen-eral condition of the house and inmates creditable.

JAIL.

A new jail has been built since last visit, and is good. It allows

opportunity for separa^tion of prisoners. Four male prisoners werepresent, awaiting trial, at date of visit.

St. Clair County.

Visited June 20.

The almshouse is one mile from Belleville. The farm contains 64acres. The buildings are in good order; main building is a two-story

brick, with superintendent's quarters in the middle; men in one wingand women in the other. There is also an admirable new two-story

brick building for men, in which are placed the untidy cases. Thishas adamantine tloors and good bath-room. There is also an old

men's cottage, with a comfortable aspect.

Religious services are held two or three times a year.

The house is steam heated, drainage into the creek, and excellent

water supply.

The physician visits once a day.

The employes are two outside men. t\^'o male nurses, two womennurses, two cooks, and an inmate used as night-watch.

The house was in every respect clean and admirable, the superin-

tendent and "his wife most efficient, and the whole establishment is a

credit to the county.

A new building, containing a store-house and morgue, has beenbviilt since the last report.

There were present at the date of visit, 126 inmates, of whom 74were male and 52 female. There were 21 insane men, 24 insane

women, 1 imbecile woman, and 1 deaf mute; 1 blind man 12 epilep-

tics. H men and 9 women; 3 children, 1 white boy and 1 colored boyand 1 colored girl; one child, illegitimate, was born during the year.

The superintendent and his wife, as matron, are paid salaries.

There is a feeble-minded boy of 15 years, paralyzed in one arm.

He works about the garden, pulls weeds, and so-forth, and is as well

cared for here as he could be anywhere, and should remain here.

JAIL.

The jail has a two-story steel cell-house, with thirty-six cells, anda woman's department with three cells and a bath. The jail is steam-

heated, furnished with city water, and is clean and in good order.

The drainage should be improved, otherwise the equipment is excel-

lent. Of course here, as elsewhere, there is no such separation of

prisoners as the board believes shoule be maintained.

121

There were present at the date of visit, 40 prisoners, of whom 13

were men awaiting trial; 21, including one woman, were serving sen-

tences, and four were sentenced to the penitentiary, There were twocolored boys under 16, also serving sentences, one of them being a

feeble-minded child, under a ninety-day sentence for vagrancy.

This county has a work-house, where a large proportion of the

prisoners jDOund stone in serving out sentences. Large numbers of

"city prisoners" are sent here from East St. Louis. At the date of

visit, 18 were in the work-house.

Sangamon County.

Visited June 1<).

The almshouse is situated near Buffalo, and about 20 miles fromSpringfield, the county seat.

The buildings and grounds are ample. Some repairs, such as

window screens and improvement in the wooden-barred cells for in-

sane and in the plumbing, should be made. The bath tubs are notprovided with water, and the difficulty of carrying it results in the

practice of bathing several inmates in the same water—a practice

which makes no bathing at all seem commendable. There werepresent at date of visit 86 inmates, of whom 57 were men and 29women; 3 men and 3 women were colored. There were no children.

Twenty-one men and 23 women were insane; there were 3

idiots—1 man and 2 women, 1 deaf-mute—a colored man, 2 blindmen, and 3 epileptics—1 man and two women.

There should be some better provision for the sick and bedriddenin the way of nursing care. With the good farm the diet should bemore varied, and should include milk and vegetables. Coffee wasserved without milk.

SANGAMON COUNTY JAIL.

This is a strong and comfortable jail with good separate quartersfor women. It seemed to be clean and well managed. There werepresent at date of visit 43 prisoners—30 men awaiting trial, 1 boyunder 16 awaiting trial, 11 men and 1 woman serving sentence.

Stephenson County.

Visited April 1.

Almshouse is 2| miles from Freeport, the county seat. Farm con-tains 1()0 acres. Buildings are in good condition. Superintendentis salaried. Total cost of maintaining almshouse for last fiscal yearwas $8,166. There were present 43 inmates on January 1, 1896, of

whom 26 were men, 1() women, and one child, a girl. Six menand 5 women were insane; 1 imbecile man, 1 deaf-mute woman, 1

blind man, 3 epileptics—2 men and 1 woman. One illegitimate

child born during the year. This institution is one of the best in

the State, and is in good condition in every respect.

V2-1

THE JAIL.

Since the last report was made the third-story has been convertedinto a cell-room, with (i cells, for minors and witnesses. At time of

visit there were 3 prisoners—2 serving sentence and 1 awaiting exe-

cution.

Tazewell County.

Visited May 19.

Almshouse 2 miles from Tremont. Farm contains 209 acres. Build-ings are all old and should be torn down and rej^laced. Superintend-ent salaried. Cost of maintenance for last fiscal year was .S)>.70<i.51.

There were present at date of visit 80 inmates, 51 males and 29 fe-

males. Nine men insane and () women insane: 1 imbecilewoman, 2 blind women, 1 deaf-miite man, 7 children—5 boys and 2

girls. One illegitimate child born during year. There is an ex-

cellent garden and good supply of small fruits. Unfortunately, this

most useful and economical feature is lacking on many county farms.

There are frecpient religious services.

THE .TAIL.

The jail is comparatively new^ and is in excellent condition. Of theprisoners ijresent, 2 w'ere awaiting trial, 4 serving sentence, and 1

debtor, all men.

Union County.

Visited April 2(1

The almshouse is 2| miles from Anna, upon an 80-acre farm. Thebuildings are in fair contlition, frame, heated by stoves. A bath-tubis needed. There were present at date of visit 10 inmates. 5 menand 5 women, of wdiom 2 W'Omen were insane. 1 man imbecile and 2

blind, and 2 women epileptic. One illegitimate child was bornduring the year. The mother of this child w^is married and had o

children: was helped by the county during husband's life. After his

death she married again, but husband deserted at once. She wasbrought here with the 3 boys, of 13, 10 and 7 years, Christmas, 1894.

Homes for the boys have been provided since. The woman has beenemi)loye(l upon the place for nearly a year, but has become restless,

and is now going away with the child. This the authorities are pow-erless to prevent. The salary of the superintendent is$4CX) per year;

the salary of the matron $100 -per year.

THE .TAIL.

The jail contained 4 male i^risoners awaiting trial at the time of

visit, all adult. This is an old-fashioned stone jail, 2 cells, almostwithout light and ventilation, on either side of a narrow passage just

large enough to contain a stove. The jail would be an improperplace of confinement w^ere the prisoners so few that only one were

123

ever in a cell at a time, but with four in the cell, as was the case at

the time of visit, it is most improper, and inhuman. There is no wayof remedying its defects except by building a new jail.

Vermillion County.

Visited June 29.

The almshouse is .'5 miles from Danville, upon a farm containing

196 acres, of which 170 are under cultivation. There were present

at the date of visit 46 inmates, 34 male and 12 female, Six menand 5 women were insane, 2 men were deaf-mutes, and 3 men and 4

women epileptic; 1 child, a boy. Two children, both illegiti-

mate, were born during the year. Doctor comes when called, usually

once a week. The water supply is poor—a windmill is needed andbetter well. Religious services once in two weeks. The care of the

insane does not seem to differ in any respect from that of the sane,

with whom they mingle. The county should furnish a proper record

book in form used by most of the other counties, and prescribed bythis Board many years ago. The closets upon the women's side

should be torn out, and water for the bath-room in both the men'sand women's houses should be provided. A good woman helper is

needed for the women's side. In fact, considerable general repair

was needed. The superintendent and his wife seemed to be doingall they could under the circumstances, and a moderate sum laid out

in repairs would make this institution a credit to the county. Thesuperintendent has a salary of $550 per annum.

THE .TAIL.

The jail is a large two-story structure. It contained 23 prisoners

at the date of visit, of whom 10 were men awaiting trial, 10 serving

sentence, and two were women sentenced to the penitentiary. Therewas no separation of prisoners attempted, other than that the womenwere in separate quarters.

Wabash County.

Visited May 6.

The almshouse is about two miles from Mt. Carmel. the countyseat. The farm contains 80 acres. The superintendent receives

$1.25 })er week for each inmate, and pays the county §180 per year

rent for the farm. The inmates are all in a one story frame cottage,

but eat in the superintendent's house where the cooking is done.

The water supply is not adequate. All the wells and cisterns weredry last fall. The house is heated by stoves and is without anymodern improvements. There are no religious services. There were8 inmates present at the time of visit, 4 male and 4 female; of these

one woman was epileptic, and there were two children, boys. Duringthe year four children have been born in the poor house, of whom oneonly was legitimate. There is a 12 year old boy, feeble-minded, whoshould be in State care.

124

THE JAIL.

The jail has a one story steel ceil house 16 feet square, corridor6x16 feet, with water, and two cells occupy the space. There werepresent at the time of visit two prisoners, both men serving sentence.

Warren County,

Visited May 28.

Almshouse 6 miles from Monmouth, the county seat. Farm con-tains 120 acres. Superintendent is salaried. Cost of maintenancefor last fiscal year was 85.644.05. Buildings very old but kept in

fair repair. There were present at date of visit 61 inmates, of whom41 were male and 20 female; there were 9 insane men and 10 insanewomen; 4 imbeciles. 1 male and 3 females; 1 epileptic, female: 6 chil-

dren, 5 boys and a girl; 2 children, both illegitimate, born during theyear. The difficult task of keeping these old buildings clean andwholesome is well performed, and the superintendent's wife deservesunusal credit for the same. Religious services.

.JAIL.

A new addition has recently been built for the purpose of morecomplete separation of prisoners, and the jail is in good conditionand well managed. Religious services are held rarely. One prisonerawaiting trial, 3 sentenced to penitentiary, 1 to reformatory, all malesover 16 years.

Washington County

Visited June 22.

The almshouse is three and one-half miles southeast of Nashville,upon a farm containing 80 acres. Superintendent is paid a salary of

S5(X) a year. There were present at the date of visit 16 inmates. 12men and 4 women, of whom 2 men and 2 women were insane and 1

man imbecile. The house has been thoroughly repaired and greatly

improved since last visit: the men and women's sides have been sep-

arated by a partition: bath tub and hot water has been put in and thehouse made clean and orderly. Few counties show greater improve-ment. No religious services are held.

THE .TAIL

The jail consists of one large room upon the ground floor withthree cells 10x8 opening ofP, and a closet. It was fairly clean andorderlv. All water used must be carried. No religous services are

held.'

Wayne County.

Visited May 9.

The almshouse is situated about three and a half miles from Fair-

field, the county seat. The women are kept in the same house withthe superintendent, the men in a separate building, and there is

125

another small building in which the insane can be kept. The bed-ding was kept in good order, but the beds of wood are many of themold and should be replaced by iron. The superintendent and his

wife are capable and kindly people, and the inmates seem to be ex-

ceptionally well cared for. The only insane i^erson present was oneman who has been here sixteen years, and although totally unfit for

county care, being filthy and unmanageable in an extreme degree, heis kept in such condition as to reflect great credit upon the suijerin-

tendent. The case, however, should be in the State institution. Onelegitimate child was born in the almshouse during the year. Therewere present at time of visit 17 inmates, 8 men and 9 women, of

whom one is the insane man above described. One man is feeble-

minded, as are two women. One man and one woman are blind, twomen are epileptic, and there is one child, a little girl.

THE JAIL.

The jail has a 16x1(3 cell house with a corridor IGxo. There are

two cells furnished with hammocks. There is water and excellent

light from two big windows from the outer wall. The place mighteasily be kept immaculately clean but was not clean at time of visit.

No religious services are held. There were present in the jail three

prisoners, one man awaiting trial and two men serving sentence.

White County.

Visited May 7.

The almshouse is three miles from Carmi, the county seat. Thefarm contains 80 acres. The superintendent and inmates all live in

one large house. It needs repair, especially paint and a good bathroom with hot water. The physician visits when called. There are

religious services once a month. At date of visit there were 18 in-

mates, 9 male and 9 female, of whom one man and one woman wereinsane and one woman blind, one man epileptic, and eight children,

five boys and three girls. No children were born there during the

year. The administration of the house by the superintendent andhis wife seems efficient and kindly. The superintendent is paid 12Jcents i)er day for each inmate. He provides food and clothing andhas the use of the farm. The physician is salaried and visits whencalled.

THE .JAIL.

The jail contained four prisoners, men. awaiting trial, when visited.

The general cleanliness was fairly good, the jail well whitewashed.There are four cells, 8 by (I feet, opening upon a corridor 2() by 6.

There is a bath tub in the jail having no water connection and filled

with rubbish.

126

Whiteside County.

Visited May 20.

Almshouse 4 miles from Morrison, the county seat. Farm con-

tains 192 acres. Superintendent is salaried. Cost of maintainingalmshouse for last fiscal year was $12,216.30. There were present at

date of visit 47 inmates, of whom 2d were males and 24 females; 3

were insane men, and 10 insane women; 1 epileptic, male; 2 children,

boys. The poiûlation consists in an unusual degree of very agedand respectable people, brought here by adversity. The superin-

tendent's wife is overworked, and an efficient good tempered womanto help her is greatly needed.

General appearance of the establishment is orderly, systematic andclean, but the insane ward is bad and should be entirely rebuilt. Noreligious services. Many inmates attend church, which is near.

JAIL.

There are no cells for women or boys, and no place for insane.

The management is excellent in every respect. No religious services.

Four prisoners at date of visit, all men, all serving sentences ; 3 sen-

tenced to penitentiaries.

Will County.

Visited June 80.

This is one of the largest almshouses in the State. The buildingsare of stone, modern and substantial, and the appearance of theplace as well as its conduct under the present superintendent andhis wife, are creditable to the county. The inmates looked well

cared for. and the house neat and well ordered. There were presentat the time of visit 97 inmates, of whom 71 were men and 26 women.There were 21 insane men and 10 insane wômen; 3 imbecile menand 2 women; 1 blind man and 7 epileptics, of whom 3 were menand 4 women. The care of the insane differs little from that of theinmates. If any become troublesome, they are locked up in rooms.The superintendent is salaried.

The jail is a good modern jail. There were present at the time ofvisit 33 men, 3 women and 1 boy under 16; 14 men and 2 womenwere awaiting trial, and 19 men, 1 boy and 1 woman were servingsentence.

Williamson County.

Visited April 30.

The almshouse is about two miles and a half from the county seat,

upon a farm owned by the county. The supcxîntendent is allowed$1.00 per week per inmate for food and care. The county furnisheseverything except food. There were ijreseut at the time of visit 3

men and 5 women; no children. One woman is imbecile, and 1 manblind. The buildings are poor and old, and the county should makebetter provision.

12-

THE JAIL.

There were H prisoners at the time of visit. The jail is on thesecond floor, and is light and comfortable; a far better place of resi-

dence in cold weather than the poorhouse.

Winnebago County.

Visited May 29.

This poorhouse is situated about three and one-half miles fromRockford, the count}^ seat, on a good farm. The poorhouse is com-paratively new, a handsome and comfortable brick building, and it is

doubtful if anywhere in the State the sane inmates are so well andagreeably cared for. Each inmate has a single room, is allowed to

lie down when he or she desires; the food is good and the wholeplace clean. The building is steam heated and furnished with bathrooms. Mingled with the sane inmates and enjoying the same free-

dom are a certain proportion of the men and women insane, who arequiet and contented thus.

The insane who cannot be safely allowed at large are kept in abuilding connected at the rear with the main house. No special at-

tendants are provided for these patients. The only exercise they canhave year after year, is that obtained upon the wide piazzas at theend of the building on each story. There is open plumbing in eachone of the single sleeping rooms, and the odor is fouL and also un-avoidable. The care of the insane is in painful contrast with that ofthe sane. If the county would furnish special attendants for themen and for the women, who should sleep uijon the ward, and wouldso remodel the structure that there could be domitories for each sex,

and separate day rooms, and all the plumbing removed save that inbath rooms, the care would be all that could be desired.

There were present at the date of our visit 69 inmates, out of whom40 were male and 29 female. Of these 14 men and 16 women wereinsane; 3 men were epileptic, and there were 5 children, 3 boys and2 girls, 1 boy and 1 girl being colored. One child was born in thealmshouse during the year, legitimate. The superintendent and hiswife are humane and efficient, and the only criticism we have tomake upon this almshouse is the serious one regarding the lack ofattendants for the insane.

THE .TAIL.

There were present at date of visit of auxilliary board 19 prisoners,1 a girl under 16, the others all men. This is a good stone and ironjail, with brick exterior walls, having a one-story cell house. 8 cells,

and 2 rooms up stairs in which insane persons and women ])risonerscan be confined. There is no good provision for separating the menprisoners, although the present sheriff usually i)laces boys in thewomen's department if that is unoccupied. The cleanliness of thejail might be improved. Indeed, there is no excuse for anythingbut scrupulous cleanliness in this or in any jail, with the number of

128

idle men sitting about day after day, and absolutely under the con-

trol of the sheriff or jailer. Both the ventilation and light are de-

fective, and there is an imperative necessity that the same should be

at once remedied.

Woodford County.

Visited May 20.

Almshouse is 8 miles from Metamora, the former county seat.

Farm contains 240 acres. Superintendent is salaried. Cost of main-

taining almshouse for last year was $3,395.33. Buildings are good,

but they lack the modern equipments needed to care for the inmates

properly. Religious services at irregular intervals. Population at

date of visit 42, of whom 33 were male and 9 female ; 1 man and 1

woman are insane; 3 male and 1 female imbecile; 1 deaf-mute, male;

2 blind males; 1 epileptic woman; 2 children, 1 boy, 1 girl.

Jail is entirely deficient for purposes for which a jail is needed.

No religious services are held. Three men prisoners awaiting trial

at date of visit.

129

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29. Hnvey

STATE or lULINOIS.

STATE BOARD OFCHARITIInquiry as to Almshouse Inmates.

Kirst twenty qiiostions lire by roiiiniitu-t.' of fifty.

2. (Dateof nilmission.), a. No. (iu ordei-.)

129

RemainingJan. 1, 1896....

Died

Discharged

Total

Admitted dur-ing year end-ing Jan. 1.1896.

Present Jan. 1,

1895

Insane lockedin rooms

Insane wear-ing restraint

.

Children un-der 16

Epileptics

Blind..

Deaf Mutes....

Idiots

Insane

» :'* 00 3C • lO as (TI lO 75

5SS lOiHt-osoo T*5oe>arHT-t

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130

ReraaiiiiiigrJan. 1. 1896....

Died

Discharired

Total

Admitted dur-ing year end-ing Jan^l896.

Present Jan. 1,

1895

Insane lockedin roomsInsane wear-ing restraint^

Children un-derl6

Epileptics

Blind

Deaf Mutes....

Idiots

Insane

sS?)I"- 1— 1^ t- JH * t- O > MM M rj M <-i M

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132

JAILS.

133

Jails

—

Concluded.

APPENDIX.

137

APPENDIX I.

STATISTICAL TABLES.

Table I.

LIST OF INSTITUTIONS AND SUPERINTENDENTS.

There are at present in the State of Illinois twenty public institu-

iZ'ît^'""^ °l^^n^.^°"- ^^^ Siye their names, loition and tl^dates of their respective creation:

Penitentiary( Northern ) t r *

Penitentiary (Southern) n.'^lIllinois State Reformatory |^''ester

Illinois Stat^ h;îV fo;^ JuWnile Female Offenders: ! ! ! ! ! : ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Gen^

Charitable.

IllinoisIllinoisIllinoisIllinoisIllinoisIllinoisIllinoisIllinoisIllinoisIllinoisIllinoisludustrSoklier.-

1827187718911893

lM:i\^'i^:J^ti:{^:^\^:i\::i^t'''''''''' '^^'^ ^""^" j-kM-vme 18^9

s;d:^h!;;!•Î^Sha:;^Î;n;f'''^*^^^^^^^^^ •; :::::::::: 1^9?V''T\^';^^'^^^''''^;\f|'''''^'''cViiiViren:::::::;:;:: iSsi^ \îCharitable Lye an.

I Ear Infirmary iOHe i?.iJ^5Northern Hospital for the Insane k'/'^'if-'0 1865

So„tlH-rn Hos .italforthe s e f ^'" ^'^•>

Eastern Hospital lor the Insane i^V'"?- -. 1869Soldiers' and Sailors' Home .'

Asy iiiii tor Insane Criminalsijd Home forliiind>' Widows' Home

.Kankakee ..

. QuincyChesterChicajjoWilmington

Educational.

Normal University .

University of IllinoisSouthern NoTmal University

NormalUrbanaCarbondale.

18771885188918871895

185718671869

138

Tahlc J . Concluded.

LIST OF SUPERINTENDENTS.

Name. Superintendent.

Correctional.

Penitentiary (Northern)Penitentiary (Southern)ReformatoryIllinois State Home for Juvenile Female offenders.

ClinrituhJe.

Northfrn Hospital for the InsaneEastern Hospital for tlie InsaneCentral Hospital for the InsaneSouthern Hospital for the InsaneAsylum for Insane CriminalsAsylum for Feeble-Minded ChildrenInstitution for the Education of the Deaf and Dumhliistitutioii for the Education of the BlindSoldiers' Orphans' HomeCharitable Eye and Ear InfirmarySoldiers' and Sailors' HomeIndustrial Home for the BlindSoldiers' Widows' Home

Educational.

R. L. Allen•T. J. SchneiderR. W. McClau£rhryMiss O. L. Amigh .

Arthur Loewy. M. DClarke Gapen. M. D...Walter Watson. M. D..W. C. Lence. M. DV. S. Benson. M. D....Jos. W. Smith. M. D...S. T. Walker. M. A....W, F. ShortC. E. BassettW. C. Butterworth ....

Capt. W. H. KirkwoodA. W. KillittsWinnie Crissey

Normal University John W. CookUniversity of Illinois Andrew S. Drapei"..S<mthern Normal University Harvey W. Everest

Table II.

LIST OF TRUSTEES OF THE STATE INSTITUTIONS.

Name. Address

Northern Hospital for the Insane.

John I). DonovanjWoodstock

D. J. Hofjan.F. E. Brookman.

Eastirn Hositital for the Insane.

F. D. Radeke ,

Edward Sill .

J. W. Orr....

Central Hospital fur the Insane.

Owen Thompson.Joseph M. Pajfe .

.

John McCreery...

GenevaChicai

KankakeeClifton....Tuscola ..

.

Jacksonville..Jerseyville .

.

Sprin§:tield...

Southern Hospital for the Insane.

Thomas W. Gannon | CairoJohn Spire (AnnaW\ S. Matthews iKinmundy

13U

Table II.—Continued.

Name. Address.

Asylnm for Insane Criminals.

W. V. Cboisser.C. E. HernE. C. Kramer. ..

Institution for the Deaf and Dumb.

James E. Parrish .

William Eppin^er.Chas. E. Axt

Institution for the Blind.

Charles A. Bai'iiesHenry PhillipsA. L. Lowe

Asiilum for Feeble-Minded Children.

Charles M. Diiiilap. .

,

Charles A. Piirdimn .

Theodore N. Green.

.

Soldiers'' Orphans'' Home.

Edward HarlanB. J. Claggett .

.

E. M. Johnson.

.

Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary.

A. E. PrinceW. R. PrinterDaniel Goodwin, Jr.

Soldiers' and Sailors' Home.

James A. Sexton .

Lewis B. Parsons ,

Theo. Schaar

Home for Juvenile Female Offenders.

Mrs. J. P. Harvey...Mr. Wm. Prentiss...Mrs. G. M.HoltMr. M. J. CarrollMr. Frank M. Annis

Indtistrial Home for the Blind.

Henry Cushing..

, . .

.

Fritz GloganerH. C. Zuttermeister.Miss Sarah Condon .

P. H. Conley

Soldiers' Widow-H' Home.

Capt. M. N. StewartWm. H. WardMrs. Flo Jamison Miller.Mrs. I. H. BunnMrs. C. Porter Johnson.

.

Harrisbnrg

.

QnincyF'airfield

ParisJacksonvilleOdell

JacksonvilleVirginiaRobinson

Mt. Sterling.MarshallPekin

Marshall...Lexington

,

Pontiac . . .

.

Springfield

,

Rockford . .

.

Chicago

Chi'^agoFloraBeardstown

Geneva . .

.

Evanston.Chicago...

Aurora

.

Champaign.Chicago

WilmingtonChicagoMonticello ..

SumnerChicago

140

Table //.—Concluded

Narae.

Western Rosvital for Insane.

W. Seilden GaleJohn R. EdenT. J. MediU, Jr

Asi/him for Incurable Insane.

James McAndrewsHenry AlexanderJohn Finley

Address.

Galesburg ...

SullivanRock Island

.

ChicagoJolietPeoria

141

00

S

(-i>

148

o

144

Asylum

for

Feeble-

Minded,

14H

> in o o 3> — I- 2

14"

<4)

60

s

^

.^^J^

rC"

148

ill

lis

o ^

t '— ^- s ' ^' — ~ "f ~ O i.~ OC O — M X — •I M i: rv •^! " t^ in lA ^ IJ5 t- s: " X >n c; Ci —•«

• M rt r; 1/5 M 7c t- - : n -^ t-- in ^^

MOM"*« •* -^tCMMC-t-

oo;c • ^^ U^ »« ^* ^* "9"O t-t-U3M«t-NN«SMC5

149

• — t-M oo• t^ lo X ro i-o

• o -j; o -^ -H

M nt:~t~n:o

:§ :^ •^ t^4ClO

row• oots

•Oi5D ^C5CO

•^MIOCIM• -^ 0-. oiji C-. — o •« ^J

00 CM

CM ^MO

• r-l 05 • <-« M t-X!35

O MIOCS

ctTm'

^*o

o»

•- o

t« cs J.

•^^ C-Z O 4*

C^ 03

b-.c eC(JatcZxa;^^M^rHti>^^^^^^^^^^ £

9 i-d

*- 95 .

*^ ® B ^

"S o «s ^

150

S3

»/5 C^ O t^ t- ift c~o »* ^ r-i t- e^J ac

no V C4 a>n -^

S5§

151

8o

152

3

o

&

Asylumfor Feeble-Minded.

154

Table VII— Cousoh'dalcd Finnncidl Shitouciif (nJl funds iuclndrd)

for the Fiscal Year

155

of the Income and Exjycnscs of Twelve State Institivtions, ClassifiedEnding June 30, 1894.

InstitutionsFOR THE—

Deaf andDumb.

Jack'nv'le

Blind.Jack'nv'le

Asylumfor

Feeble-Minded,Lincoln.

Soldiers'Orphans'Home,Normal.

Charitable Soldiers'Eye and j

andEar

Infirmary,Chicago.

Sailors'Home,Quincy.

StateHome forJuvenileFemale

Offenders.

Total.

$107, 933 01 $51,945 55 $87,380 95 $56,607 54 $31,932 23 $149, 104 SO

107,585 21 50,432 77347 80l 1,512 78

87.380 95

$107,933 01 $51,945 55

836 02100,000 00

7. 108 82

9,756 73

$117,701 6l

1,469 62111,419 384,812 57

1,797 8845,000 004,988 54

$87,380 95

13.448 0985.000 002.380 95

7,822 51 13, 158 66

$59,608 93 $113,987 70

59,593 7513 79

$59,607 54

13.234 2954,000 005,593 75

264 32

$31,932 23

11,770 9330,000 001, 929 68

4 34

54,928 871 95.570 474,675 ;2 6.043 68

12.373 55

$72,092 36 $43; 700 61

3, 177 2853,690 93

5 2316, 218 92

$117,701 57] $59,608 93 $113,987 70^ .$73,092 36

1,469 62 4 34106,335 86 50.090 977.108 82' 4.988 54

3, 177 2893.307 75 51.274 462.262 72 2.430 26

27.298 921.880 6514,521 04

148.345 91

758 98

$149. 104 89

17, 068 52135, 000 0013,345 91

2,615 46

$168,029 89

34 00143,862 K=i

11,059 3t:

13,073 (IS

$32,000 00 $1,386,238 28^

32,000 00, 1,368,678 8017, 559 48.

$32,000 00 1,386,238 28.

13,967 0632,000 00

28 03

246,457 481, 265. 800 00

' 101,878 187,009 75

100,084 55

$45,995 09 $1,721,229 96

43,341 371,321,782 97

122,616 51233,489 11

19.722 18

10,272 91

1

16.000 00

$43,700 61 $168.029 8!!I

$45,995 09 $1,721.229 96

25, 369 241,929 68

34 00131,692 5412, 185 33

43.341 3719; 722 18 1,262,459 8134,590 93 130,753 05

'

3, 746 73

$114,914 30! $55,083 85 $95,570 471 $56.882 00

112.889 00 54.933 212.025 30 150 64

95,570 47

$114.914 30 $55.083 85 $95,570 47

4,812 57 4,675 72

56.868 2113 79

$27,298 92

27. 298 92

$143. 911 87 $54,313 11 $1,440,300 96

143,.896 85 54.313 11 1.399.715 2715 02 40, 585 69

6.043 68

$56,882 00 $27,298 92

5 23 1,880 65

$143,911 87| $54,313: n $1,440,300 96

11.059 3650 40

10.272 91 122.616 51

2.824 02

$4,812 57i $4,675 72 1 $6,043 6S S5Zi S1.8S0 65' $11,109 76 $10,272 91! S125.440 Xi

156

Table VII—

Continued.

157


158

Table Vii—

Concluded.

159


1(50

Table VIII.

—

Consolidated Financial Si<dcment (allfunds included)

for the Fiscal Year

Hospitals fob the Insane.

Northern. Eastern. Central. ' Southern. Criminal

Appropkiations.

Dr.

Appropri'ns, 1893, \indrawu July 1, 1895.

Appropriations, 1895

Cr.

J,263 15 S4,863 52330,000 00 6%. 000 00 $360,800 00

S2,889 87 83,087 04289, 900 00 80, 700 00

8333,263 15; 8700,863 52 $360,800 00 $292,789 87 ^.',687 04

Appropriations drawn during year ...

LapsedAppropriations undrawn June 30, 1896.

Institutions.

New buildingCash on hand July 1. 1895..

From State, ordinaryFrom State, specialFrom Burr fundFi"om other sources

170,662 39 341,419 50 184.119 39

162,595 61 "359,'444'62 "i76,'686'6i

132,859 33. 43,943 424 27| 554 01

159.926 27. 40.189 61

8333,263 15 8700,863 52 8360,800 00 8292, 7S9 87 .>S4. 087 04

815,160 01' 823.59132 825,686 75

150; 000 00 3aS. 000 00 165. 000 0020.662 39 33.419 50 19,119.394,661 8510,930 28 44,631 67 20.044 73

8126,381 3013, 970 88 S3. StJO 10

125,000 00 26,000 007,859 33 17,943 42

15,271 27 2,307 00

C):

Indebtedness, Jvily l,paidExpenses present year, paidCash on hand at end of yearCash on hand,ei.d year, new building

Financial Condition.

Dr.

8201,414 53, $409,642 49 8229,850 87 8288,482 78 850.110 52

11,192 221 14,806 06173,554 45 371,736 3016,667 86 23,100 13

173,214 41

56, 636 46

10, 134 78 2. 198 88230,369 54 39,668 2338. 680 70 S. 243 419, 297 77

$201,414 53 8409,642 49 8229,850 87 $288,482 78 850,110 52

Indebtedness, July 1, 1895

Expenses, ordinary, present year.Expenses, special, present year. .

.

Expenses, new building

11,192 22 14,806 06160.539 45 333,810 94 158,694 39

27,46133 49,274 21 20,400 00

10, 134 78 2, 201 88111,566 30 24,569 0410. 087 19 18, 543 87

122, 583 53

Cr.

Expenses paid as above.

.

Indebtedness, July 1,1896.

$199, 193 00

. 184, 746 6714,446 33

$397,89121 8179,094 39 8254,37180 845,314 79

386.542 3611.348 85

173.214 41

5.879 98240.504 31 41,S67 1113,867 49 3.447 68

$199,193 00. .8397,891 21" 8179.094 39 8254,371 80 845.314 79

161

of the Income and Expenses of Ticelce State Institntions, Classified,ending June 30, 1896.

InstitutionsFOB THE

Deaf and I r>i:_jDumb. ^'^°<^-

Asylumfor

Feeblp-Minded,Lincoln.

Soldiers'Orphans'Home.Normal.

CharitableEye and

EarInfirmary,Chicago.

Soldiers'and


jState

I

Hume for.Juvenile

I Female[Offenders,Geneva.

Total.

8347 80 $1,512 75 $13 79 $2 55 $758 98 $17.639 45247,900 00 128,300 001 175,400 00 110,400 00 01,700 00; 328,500 00 $32,650 00 2,842,250 00

$248,247 80 $129,812 75 $175,400 00, $110,413 79 $61,702 55^ $329,258 98 $40,650 00 $2,866,309 48I

I

!' t

141,637 40i 73,419 83j 93,152 73 55,409 99 28,412 16 171,349 56 13,663 82 1,450.049 52! 2 55 565 98

106.610 40 56,392 92' 82,247 27 55.003 80' 33,287 81 157,909 42 18,986 18, 1,409.273 95

$248,247 SO $129,812 75 $175,400 00 $110,413 79 $(!1,702 55 $329,258 98 $32,650 0()! $2,866,309 48

4,812 57 4.675 72 6,043 68 5 23 1.8S0 (io 11,059 36 10.252 91100,000 00 52,000 00 80,000 00 52,500 00 26,000 00 149.500 01) 11,750 0041,637 40; 21,419 831 13,152 73' 2,909 99 2,412 16 21,849 56 1,913 82!

9,614 48 3,054 51 14,280 55 176 54 60 95 2. 195 75 29

126,381 30121,019 IS

1.245,750 00204,299 52

4,661 85122,597 48

$156, OtU 45

2,025 30

162

TahUt VIII.—

Hospitals for the Insanb.

Northern. Eastern. Central. Southern. Criminal

Surplus akd Deficit.

Dr.

Cash balance. July 1. 1896Cash estimates in State TreasuryDeficit. July 1. 1S96New buildiug

Cr.

Indebtedness July 1, 1896Surplus, ordinary, July 1, 1896.

Surplus, new building

ExPEN.sES Classified.

AttendanceFoodClothing, bedding:, etcLaundry suppliesFuelLightWaterMedicine and medical supplies...Freight and transportationPostage and telegraphingBooks and stationeryPrinting and advertisingMusic and amusementsInstruments and apparatusHousehold expensesFm-nitureBuilding, lepairs, etcToolsMachinery, etcFarm, garden, stock and grounds.Real estateLegal expensesInsuranceShop expensesBurial expensesExpenses not classified

TotalLess receipts not from State

$16,667 86 $23,100 13 $56,636 461,518 05 15.855 lli 1,280 61

$38,680 70; $8,243 415.187 78]

9,297 77

$18,185 91 $38,955 24 $57,917 07' $53, 166 25 $8,243 41

14.446 333. 739 58

11.348 8527,606 39

5,879 9852,037 09

13, 867 49 3, 447 6835, 500 99 4, 795 733,797 77

$18,185 91 S38.955 24; $57.917 07 $53,106 25 $8,243 41

68, 044 3547. 260 4311,428 82

840 7013, 667 061,234 73

139.376 Oil

81,568 91

21,731 503,900 12

24.276 684, 343 36

2, 589 004,331 25849 64469 6993 0064 15

132 22964 82

2. 399 57803 51

1 50423 56

3,602 10ISt 00157 50100 00123 98316 10460 771

5,689 882, 140 071,859 30I.SIO Z71.104 74

422 01

238 11[

2,216 262, 738 5917.968 97'

446 624,381 1213,297 03

552 50671 1065 00

937 01

"2.'675'72

05.547 9049,654 5311.863 50

798 787,901 091.-2M 552.386 18

2. 385 674S6 5S937 63415 51

2W 10659 16

9S 74

846 526.386 91

1, 979 27108 05390 00

3,544 83132 00116 00

4249481 50

48. 140 5234,435 596.936 861.355 92

11,260 38255 94

12.695 656,446 021.318 83

9y 58426 2216 24

1,900 36546 41432 85169 7894 3554 26188 44670 31

932 43105 3021 82192 51

2,418 17

""i7'29100 0024 03

'i.'.3i2'78

446 931.067 05

53 9340 0366 359 50

"'i24'9978 0911 736 65

i.'2^4 '26150 00

11 8494 50151 65

8160,539 45 8333.810 94 8158,694 39 8111,566 30S24.5ti9 C410.930 28i 44,63167 20.044 73 12.27127 2.307 CO

Costto State I 8149,609 171 $289,179 271 $138.649 66 $96,205 03,822.262 04

Continued.

163

InstitutionsFOR THE

Deaf andDumb. Blind.

Asylumfor

Feeble-Minded.Lincoln.

Soldiers'Orphans'Home.Normal.

CharitableEye andEar

Infirmary.Chicago.

Soldiers'and


StateHome forJuvenileFemale

Offenders,Geneva.

Total.

$15,375 93, $15,787 89187 89

$6,231 6841 24

,371 76 $2,658 9910,516 12

$38,599 3:

2,372 40$2,278 10 $233,532 23

36, 962 20

9,297 77

$15,275 93

1,386 4413.889 49

$15, 975 78

36 19

15,939 59

5,275 92

6,275 92

$9,371 76

3,591 195,780 57

$13, 175 11 $40,971 72 $2,278 10

8,492 90! 200 009,682 21 40,771 72 2,278 10

$279, 792 20

57,697 05218,297 383,797 77

$15,275 93 $15,975 78

59.743 921

12. 198 86!

4,029 381

397 39,5,674 39

753 131

226 13337 12

2,500 25j

775 48892 38:

163 33157 24252 99408 55

1

1.021 731.359 81

1

131 47614 98

4,843 5526 OO!

126 75,

22.826 326,678 532. 127 44

131 892,202 031,638 20579 09]

237 28808 60

1

283 12!

361 65212 24406 61143 43166 68

1, 112 051.012 30

71 87371 83

1,858 20

7 97

875 43 342 67

"eo'oo

$98,512 269.614 48!

$43,640 003,034 51

S.275 92

33.789 5826,548 34!

6.774 15!

1,357 891

7,764 21

1,005 41

25 00519 60965 83358 79354 32161 35360 18162 78674 78!

1,642 312, 116 27

119 822, 508 812,245 91

2. 175 0010 85

$9,371 76

20.051 4813,714 98!

3.827 95272 21

4.495 20(

392 531

""iio'sg!612 Oii

136 69317 02250 61154 82

2 25270 00301 77

124 26:

26 69!

62 97

1

559 17'

3.175 11

9, 122 23

164

Tahle VIII.—

Hospitals fob the Insane.

Northern. Eastern

Special Expenses Classified.

AttendanceClothing, bedding, etcLaundry suppliesFuelLightWaterMedicine and medical supplies ..

Freight an<l transportationBooks and stationeryPrinting and advertisingMusic and aniusenientsInstruments and apparatusHousehold expensesFurnitureBuilding, repairs, etcToolsMachinery, etcFarm, garden, stock and grounds.Real estateLegal expensesShop expensesExpenses not classitied

$7,318 37;

707 221

246 00!

$10,583 88795 0082 80

131 99

52 74415 49i

.

514 28

1,520 5724 50122 441

137 799,075 16

98 98[

4.270 151

2,993 38l

346 50104 39665 80167 64

7 275. 183 3425.205 68

174 643,281 952, 470 46

Central. Southern. Criminal

$6,601 05

43 60

400 00

71 26147 16

5, 124 7553 36

7,957 611 24

Total.

Averages.

Total No. of days' board furnished...Deduct furnish"d to offic'rs & employ'sDays' board furnished to inmatesAverage number of inmatesAverage cost per capita < gross)Average cost per capita (net)

Movement of the Population.Inmates.

Present at beginning of year.Since admitted, newFormer inmates re-admitted .

Absentees returned

17 00 20 13

$2,939 38 SI. 110 US328 19

2 40

516 83:

8 IT20

400 Oft

600 00>

992 2049 63'

6 30

3 00:

2.235 79123,377 25;

20 65,

579 86'

73 001

42 9»17 5036 OC23 lO-

2 50-

5 78269 57

15.369 53-

13 1&

85

184 75

'i.'878"32 125 24

$27,46133 $19,274 21

Total for quarter.

Discharged or absent . .

.

DiedPresent at end of year.

MalesFemales

532, 18657, 749 I

474. 4371.296.271$140 30$130 75

1,16532756

910. 130146,400763. 7302,086.69$160 02$138 62'

2,07848087

400 00 $132,670 72 SIS, 543 8T

1,548

29674

2,645

373114

Total for year.

620558

1,1511.007

537,12464,920

472,2041.290.17$123 00$107 48

1,208356

310

359, 70753. 264 !

306,443837.27

$133 25$115 00

81519760

1,962

66590

615592

1,548 2,645 1,962

1,072

£6281

53,8438.42845.415

124. OTS198 02$179 4i

130153

148

Concluded.

165

InstitutionsfFOR THE

166

Inventory of Propcrirj Belonging to the Illinois Northern Hospitalfor the Insane, June 30, 189G.

Articles

.

Number. Amount.

Wearing apparelBeddins. tables, etcMaterialsFindingsLaundry supplies, etcFoodFuel ,

Light, materials forElectric plant and supplies.Medicines, etcBooks. stationery, etcLibraryMusic and amusementsInstrumentsInstruments and apparatus.Household supplies, etcFurniture manufacturedFloors and windowsBeds, etcGlass, queensware. etcTin, iron, etcBuilding materialsToolsMachinery

Farm and Garden.

Feed.

Live Stock

BoarsBullsColtsCows, milchHogsHorsesPigs

Vehicles.

BuggiesCarriagesCartsSledsSleighsTrucksWagonsWagonettesHarness, etcAgricultural implementsShoe-shop tools and machinery.Farm and garden toolsMaterialsLand and buildingsMiscellaneous, not classified .,.

21

4

658026

300

SI, 900 OO9,000 00500 OO300 00650 00-

1,000 001, 500 00'

150 00-

18,000 001.800 OO1, 734 511,600 00'

4, 300 00-

1,600 004,800 OO

167

Inventory of Property Belonging to the Eastern Hospital for theInsane.

PoodClothing-LaundryElectric liijht phiiit and suppliesMedicine and medical suppliesBooks, sta'ionery and postagre2\Iusic and amusementsInstruments and apparatusHousehold suppliesFurniture(rlass, queensware and cutlt-ryTin, iron and sundriesMachinery, tools, etcFeedLive stockVehicles, harness, etcFarm wagons and implements3Iilk separator and siippliesManufacturing building repairs and suppliesFire department

Total

$7,713 36

1()8

Invciiiorij of Property Belonging to ihe Illinois Central Hospital forthe lns((ne, June :iO, 1896.

Food ,I S2.658 51

Clothing, bedding-, etc.—Wearing apparel 3, 554 04Bedding, tables, etc 1,118 02Materials 'J, S37 61Findings 346 17

Laundry supplies 679 01Fuel 290 60Light, material for 10 14Electric plant and supplies 9, 406 50Medicine, etc 1, 953 13Postaire 31 00Books, stationery, etc 2, 785 32Music and amusemeuts, instruments for 8, 124 54Instruments aud apparatus 321 60Household supplies, etc 814 78Furnitui-e manufacturing 19, 618 01Floors and windows 5, 026 21Beds, etc 13, 261 16Glass, (uieensware and cutlery 2, 197 89Tin. iron, etc 7. 381 84Building materials 5. 782 20Tools 1. 071 00Machinery 26. 604 00

Farm and garden-Feed

I

550 00

Live stock—1

Forty hogs 465 00Two bi.ars 30 00One hundred thirty-five shoats and pigs 235 00Fourteen horses 1, 430 00Two mules 100 00Two bulls 70 00Forty-seven cows 2, 115 00

Vehicles

—

Two buggies 140 00One carriage 400 00Three sleds 30 00Two sleighs 65 00Seven wagons 808 00

Harn i-ss. etc'

428 50Agricultural implements ' 829 00Farm and garden tools 634 70

Land aud buildings 976,428 65

Broom shop, tools and machinery 25 00

Total S1,103.6S7 13

169

InccntorD of Property Belonging io the Illinois Southern Hospital

for the Insane, June 30, 1896.

FoodClothing: and l)L'd(liiu

Laundry supplif s

FuelLightMedicine and medical supplies.PostageBooks and stationeryPrinting and advertisingMusic and ainuseineiitsInstruments and apparatusHousehold expensesFurnitureFor bedsBuildintTools

repairs, etc

MachineryFarm, garden, stock, etc(jlass, queensware and cutleryTin, iron and sundriesFloors and windowsBurial expensesLibrary.Printing outtitLand and building.

Total $823. 645 97

S2.104 70

170

Inventory of the Property Belonging to the Illinois Institution

for Insane Criminals June 30, 1896.

Buildings and grounds $75,FoodWearing apparelBedding, tables, etcMaterialFindingsLaundryFuel.

supplies.

Electric light and suppliesPostage, telephone appurtenances, etc.Books, stat'onery, etcPrinting, advertising, etcMusic and amusementsInstruments and apparatusHousehold suppliesFurniture manufac:uredFloors and windowsBeds, etc.•lass, queensware and cutleryRange, tin and iron sundries . .

.

Building materialTools.MachineryFeedH cows.90 hogs and pigs4 horses2 mules1 bu?gy1 carriage2 wagons6 harnessFarm machinery and implementsFarm and garden toolsShoe shop, material and tools

Total $86,994 25

000 00444 69546 28997 75

2 007 30

34 4820 80259 53«1 68414 6025 00

653 75147 7573 14

929 7561 75

557 00265 43406 2830 3054 24636 00106 25215 00242 OO250 OO200 OO20 0075 0030 0044 0095 5045 9021 10

171

Inventory of Property Belongiufj to the Inst lintion for the Educa-tion of the Deaf (in<( Dumb, June 30, 1890.

AdministrativeBakeryBarDCabinet shopCullom HallDairyDining roomEmployes' quarters.EngineerFarm and garden . .

.

Hea*^ and powerHospitalKi'chenMain buildingLaundryLibraryLittle boys' cottage.Little girls, cottage.Paint shopPrinting officeReal estateSchoolSewing roomShoe shopStoreStore fixtures

Total $548. 475 09

$1,479 49'

172

Invcntorij of Property Belonging to fhe Illinois Institution for the

,Education of the Blind.

! $468 62' 303 80

383 7317,331 631,211 55

151 316, 628 924, 337 77920 15

1

1.74601Real estate':

|

224.25S 6l

Household supplies .

FoodClothingFurnitureSchoolTools^MachineryFarm and sai'deuPrinting departmentBroom shop

Total $257,742 10

173

Inventor fj of Properiy Bclonr/inf/ to the Asylum for FcehJe-MhidedChildren June 30, 1S9G.

Building'sP'oodWearing apparelBedding, tables, etcMaterialsFindingsLaundi y suppliesFuelElectric lights and suppliesPostage, telephone, etcBooks, stationeryPrinting, advertisingMusic and amusementsInstruments and apparatusHousehold suppliesFurniture, manufacturedFloors and windowsBeds, etcGlass, queensware and cutleryTin. iron, sundries, etcBuilding materialToolsMachineryFeedEleven cowsNinety hogs and pigsFour horsesTwo mulesOne buggyOne carriageTwo wagonsSix sets of harnessFarm machinery and implementsFarm and garden toolsShoeshop, material and tools

Total

$75,000 00

174

Inv(')it(»'D of Pvopertij Belonging to tJie Illinois Soldiers' Orphans'Home, June 30, 1896.

Food

Clothing, bedding, etc.—Wearing appai'elBedding, tables, etc. .

.

MaterialFinding's

Laundry supplies, etc—FuelLight, material s for

Electric plantGasoline plant

Medicines, etcPostage.JJooks, stationery, etc

LibraryPrinting and advertisingMusic and amusements

Instruments forInstruments and apparatus.Household supplies, etc

Furniture

—

ManufacturedFloors and windowsBeds, tables, etcGlass, Queensware and cutlery^.Tin, iron, etc

Building materialsToolsMachinery

Farm, garden, etc.

—

FeedLive stock (horses)BuggiesCarriagesCartsSledsSleighsWagonsHarness, etcAgricultural implements.Farm garden tools

Land and buildings

S324 19

1.977 892, 783 78

764 6896 24

294 90140 00131 80

4,000 00800 00115 0011 00

437 651,450 00

97 85499 OO

1,645 0051 25

231 10

5, 708 44940 94

2, 598 00992 87

1,678 2786 0425105

2,852 00

118 60600 00200 00200 0045 0010 0040 00100 001&3 50188 00218 70

215, 000 00

Total $247, 815 74

175

Inrodonj of Property Belonging to the Illinois Charitable Eye andEar Infirmary, June 30, 1806.

Value of lands and Imildin^sLaundry deput tmentCrockeiyTin, iron, etcMedical department, instruments, etcBeds, bedding and furnitureFarm and gardenMiscellaneous

Total

$118,000 CO

176

Inventoru of Propertij Belonging fo the Illinois Soldiers and SailorsHome, June 30, 1896,

Pood in store S2. 287 7TClothing: in store 3. 415 18'

BeddinK in store 1,483 2(>

Hoiisebold supplies in store 552 34

Furniture and household property in—Headquarters 2.623 70'

[.ibrary 2. 226 55( 'ottaeres 9. 288 81Hospital 4. 500 00Kitchen 1. 440 WBakery 301 80Laundry and soap hoiise 1.910 10

Shops 1. 091 40Superintendent's quarters 511 27

Store keeper's quarters 500 00Gate house quarters 300 00'

Engineer's department

—

Engines, macliiuery, tools and supplies 31, 165 45-

Farm

—

Stock, vehicles, etc 6, 136 70

Greenhouse

—

Plants, tools, etc 1, 194 85-

Hospital—Drujrs, medical books, instruments and apparatus 934 25

Land and buildings 326. 531 16

Total S39S. 395 49

Total.

Minineoifttoioos^oinoiO'Hsvioo^coaeae'.^Miftavt-MraCi-lTI TIM rH^»*«M>-lCC SSs«w .^^ .*^ .jL- jt- -^ n-j «j w. i- -•«.».... wi ^^ ^ »o lO ^1" li^ r*? ci t^

t~ m e<5 55 M iMM 5^j ore — — o rtM—<M m —

m

Soldiers'andSailors'Hoiue .

.

OCOW '^tl/irH •WNC'C^l 'tHt^ — T1 .»-lX •« -M-*— -Mrl

1^

CharitableEye andEarInfirmary

o

178

Total

179

u:

180

a

is

'^i

Totiil

181

MN^9r1TONr-1aON IOMOSi-iM«M^U5t»?0»-(CV| Sgi-ilOr-l« 55 'JMM -Hi- MO >-.»-• M^-»i-l» ^

1H2

Total

183

ft

50

184

Soldiers'

and

Sail-

ors'

Home.

185

2

186

Total

187

^^-^ • «*»-(U50COmMN>0»t-l« • 50"*^oio«coiiOi-iTii>n iraMOMOMM OS in

•t-lOOO^ttJlOOSOIOMOOIIinNNlOOOWMT-tNt • ^ CM M N »* 1-1 tH •» CM US eg lo CO

. eg lo rtM <-c • 11 «* 1-1 tH CM • <-( M CM ej rl >* CO i-H CO tH 1-1 -CMTOCM • t* rt CM CM • 1-1 rt CO 1-1 C- 1-1

:S3S

O CO • tr-io -CMM -CO

• a.2 a : o .-OO fc, M >,>3 rn OJ J- ij 03

S CS =3 OJ » c-.T-i'-si-:^

" C H C O^ * cs o e

•005O -CMOS

* " . — n ^J fc: 1) r U"

w _ a.2-§t. t. Mts ca c3

5SSi

=j a c S'C t- «^ ® a-r;=! § § g !i £ o Suo ? i

so -CD •eoojcoin •00i-(i-i

SSSSSSSSOiH0HaHa-CHaHt.aS0HKa}aixa2c»a;'</j

188

-t3

aoO

1

Total 1

189

BONDS FILED.

We furnish a list of all bonds of superintendents and treasurers

filed in this office, as required by law. since the date of our last

report.

BY .SUPERINTENDENTS.

November 14, 1894—B. P. McDaniel, acting superintendent of the Soldiers' &Sailors' Home, principal; H. W. Rice, William M. McDaniel, Debold Schnei-der, J. W. Huddelston, W. H. Whitfield, E. T. Rice, Charles Hoffman, JonahC. Steere and M, J. McEvoy, sureties; amount, Ten Thousand Dollars.

January 14, 1895—William H. Kirkwood, superintendent of the Soldiers' &Sailors' Home, principal; Joseph D. Creio'hton, Horatio M. Lanofley, JohnE. Hogan, James L. Drennan, Alexander McCaskill and Lizzie V. Kirkwood,sureties; amount. Ten Thousand Dollars.

January 25, 1895—Walter Watson, superintendent of the Illinois CentralHospital for the Insane, principal; Joel F. Watson and Samuel Casey sureties;

amount, Ten Thousand Dollars.

Januai-y 15, 1895—E. Adele Fairchild, superintendent of the Illinois StateGuardian for Girls, principal; William Harpole and George U. Taylor, sure-ties; amount. Two Thousand Dollars.

April 12, 1895—Ophelia L. Amigh, superintendent of the State Home forJuvenile Female Offenders of the State of Illinois, principal: Fidelity andDeposit Company of Maryland, a corporation organized and existing underthe Laws of the State of Maryland, surety, amount, Five Thousand Dollars.

July 8, 1895—John B. Foley, superintendent of the Illinois Chai-itable Eye& Ear Infii-mary, principal; John S. Burk and J. F. O'Brien, sureties;

amount. Five Thousand Dollai-s.

November 1, 1895—Joseph W. Smith, Superintendent of the Illinois Asylumfor Feeble-Minded Children, principal; Stephen A. Foley and Timothy T.Beach, sureties; Amount, Five Thousand Dollars.

December 2, 1895—William C. Buttei'worth, superintendent of the Illinois

Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary, principal; Paul F. Schuster and John D.Waterman sureties; amount, Five Thousand Dollars.

BY TREASURERS.

October 25, 1894—Alexis L. Granger, treasurer of the Illinois EasternHospital for the Insane, principal; Solon Knight, John H. Shaffer, LawrenceBabst, H. A. McGruder, R. G. Risser, H. M. Stone, Frederick E. Legris,and H. J. Legris, sureties: amount. One Hundred Thousand Dollars.

January 2, 1895—Allen A. Short, treasurer of the Illinois Asylum for InsaneCriminals, principal; Isaac Meredith, William L. Coheii, i\I. C. Crissey,.

Charles B. Cole, sureties; amount. Twenty-five Thousand Dollars.

190

January 23, 1895—Alexander H. Wrig'ht, treasurer of the Institution for theEducation of tlie Deaf ic Dumb, pi-incipal; William J. Wvatt, John B. Burch,Oeoi'g'e N. Boulwore, (leors^e I). Roberts, Alexander N. Wiggs, sureties;amount, Fifty Thousand Dollars.

January :?1, 1895—George Wendelll, treasurer of the Asylum for Feeble-Minded Children, principal; Frank Frorer, William Johnston, William H.Traner, sureties: amount. Sixty Thousand Dollai-s.

February 1, 1895—David W. Karraker, ti'easurer of Illinois Southern Hos-pital for the Insane, principal; Coi-a H. Karraker, William E. Harreld, Pleas-ant T. Chapman, Jacob Karraker and Henry W. Karraker, sureties; amount,Seventy-five Thousand Dollars.

June 1, 189()—Charles W. Spalding, treasurer of the Illinois State Homefor Juvenile Female Offenders, principal; A. W. Harland and J. W. Wassail,sureties; amount. Fifteen Thousand Dollars.

May 20, 1896—Cornelius F. Lynde, treasurer of the Western Hospital forthe Insane, principal; Frank Mixter, Phil. Mitchell and A. C. Dart, sureties,

Seventy-five Thousand Dollars.

•* September 16, 1896—(leorge Bakewell, treasurer of the Illinois Soldiers' &Sailors' Home, principal; William S. Warfield, Frederick W. Mej-er, Chaun-oev H, Castle, sureties; amount. Fifty Thousand Dollars.

191

APPKNDIX II.

INQUIRY AS TO INMATES COOK COUNTY INFIRT^IARYAND INSANE ASYLUM, 1896.

The Board has become convinced that the careful inquiry into thecharacter of the population found in our county institutions for thecare of the poor and insane should be made. The general belief

that there is a constant increase of dependents—sane and insane

—

thus entailing an increasing burden upon the public treasury is

reason enough for such an inquiry.

This examination is the tirst study of the sort made for Cookcounty, or as we are advised for Illinois, and is certainly of value for

those interested in the study of these social and charitable questionsof Chicago and the County of Cook which form so large a part of

the entire problem for the State.

It is much to be regretted that an annual itemized report of thework of the Cook county hospital, infirmary, asylum, detentionhospital, county agent's office (embracing the entire system of indoorand outdoor relief for Cook county) is not made. The records ofthese institutions might be made to furnish a body of invaluableknowledge which can be obtained in no other way

As it has been impossible to examine the inmates of the alms-houses throughout the entire State in time for this report as was theoriginal intention of the Board; the almshouse and insane asylum ofCook county have been chosen hoping that a similar inquiry mightbe made later for the rest of the State. Motives of convenience andeconomy have governed the Board in choosing Cook county for thisfirst inquiry. About one-third of all the county charges of theState are gathered together in Cook county so that an inquiry couldbe made there with comparative ease. With the assistance of Dr.Harriet A. Rice the Board has examined the records of the Cookcounty insane asylum and of the infirmary. The result of this ex-amination together with Dr. Rice's notes upon the same, appearbelow. The system of keeping the infirmary records should be soimproved as to minimize the large but uncertain allowance for du-plication now necessary in considering these results.

192

NOTES.

The accompanying tables are based throughout on the record of

the Cook county institutions at Dunning, to which the freest accesswas rendered possible by the courtesy of Superintendent Morganand his assistants. Statistics thus obtained at second hand neces-sarily possess a limited value. A given amount of material beingavailable whatever information is not thereby provided for is i3rac-

tically unobtainable however pertinent to the inquiry: accordingly,in the present case the information gathered from the records aloneis, as will appear, meager and often inaccurate.

In the tables relating to the insane asylum this want of complete-ness may be accounted for in manj' cases, perhaps in most, by thefact that these records represent in great part the answers given byinsane patients to the questions printed in the books. The incom-pleteness of the infirmary records may be partly accounted for in thesame way. though to a less extent. Here are a large number of

unfortunate people, only a small i)roportion of whom are actually of

unsound mind, but who in many cases by reason of i)hysical or ment-al degeneracy are utterly incapable of making correct and truthtful

statements about themselves. But, aside from the sources of error

dependent upon the character of the inmates and hence inevitable,

there are still others worthy of attention; for example, the passing of

the books through many hands owing to the frequent changes in

administration : the evident lack of care in filling out the blanks, andthe use of terms of indefinite signification, and especially the lack of

careful arrangement of the books themselves for avoiding duplication,

as well as the lack of space for collecting more of the facts in thehistories.

The first six tables, relating to the insane asylum cover only the

last two years, while those drawn from the infirmary records cover a

period of five years. The dates, 1892 to 1896, have been placed at

the head of the tables for the sake of clearness: the tables were madeup however not from January of one year to January of the next,

but from July to July, the last of the month being chosen as the

starting point. Effort was directed toward ascertaining the follow-

ing six points in regard to the inmates of the sister institutions: age,

nativity, education, civil condition, habits and occupation, these

being the points in regard to which the asylum records were mostcomplete, those of the infirmary however being silent as to occupa-tion and habits. On other questions of paramount or even greater

interest, the heredity of the patient, the causes contributing to

insanity or permanent disability, the relation between the patient's

habits of life and his sojourn in almshouse or asylum, etc.. the

records throw no light. The interview tables given elsewhere drawnfrom personal conversations with the inmates show what might beaccomplished in this direction.

In regard to the totals it must be noticed that these figures showthe number of cases entered ujion the books: in the asylum tables

the error is probably small because a iDrocess of laAv is necessary for

commitment and an old case, even if as often happens re-entered

under another name, can usually be traced back to the books without

great difficulty. But there is j^ractically no limit to the number of

times that an individual can leave and re-enter the infirmary andeach time, no matter how many, he is entered anew upon the books:

there is no way of estimating the error here. The large error due to

this duplication is indicated by the column headed, "In this P. H.previously." in tables drawn from interviews.

The asylum tables need very little comment. In table I. the com-paratively early age may be noted at which the majority of the cases

seem to occur.

In tables III. and V. showing education and habits it will at oncebe seen that the results are largely vitiated by the uncertain content

of the terms employed in the books. The words "common school"

give no indication as to the time spent in school. The terms "fair"'

and "good" and "limited" have of course little or no significance for

statistical purposes. In the table headed "Habits" we meet the

same difficulty. From the history of the patient while under ob-

servation it may sometimes be gleaned that the term "temperate"has been applied to an occasional drinker, that is a parson whodrinks perhaps very hard but only at intervals of varying frecpiency:

or it may be apj^lied to a person who has not l^een drinking for a

year or two but who, before, was avowedly intemperate.

The period covered by the almshouse tables begins with the fall

of 1891-2 and takes in the time of greatest financial depression.

During the three years following, the marked lowering of the aver-

age on admission as well as the increase in numbers is extremelj'^

suggestive.

The tables showing occupations of inmates in both institutions

show that, though a very large number of trades are represented, it

is only by a small number in each. Looking over the columnsheaded male we find no large numbers until the occupation of la-

borer is reached; in the columns headed female the large numbersoccur under housework or domestic service. These two occupations,

the only ones requiring no education, or skill, or training, are of

course those from which drift the greater part of our dependentpopulation; and from these occupations, ill-paid, unproductive, re-

quiring no thought but leaving the mind unused and undirected,

mental and economical degeneracy finding its only refuge in poor-

house or asylum would seem to be the sorrowful but inevitable

outcome.

13 P. C.

1^4

COOK COUNTY INSANE ASYLUM.

Table I.

Ages of Patients on Admisswii.

Ages.

Below 15.

.

15-2020-2525-30ao-3535-4040-4545-5050-5555-6060-6565-7070-7575-8080-8585-90Unkuowu

Total .

5

195

Table II.

Nativity of Patients.

Nativity.

AustraliaAustriaBarbadoesBelgiumBohemiaCanadaChinaCubaDenmarkEnglandFinlandFranceOernianyGypsyHollandHungaryIrelandItalyNetherlandsNew BrunswickNew ZealandNorwayPolandPrince Edward's IslandPrussiaRussiaSan DomingoScotlandSpainSwedenSwitzerlandSyriaTT S A I White

WalesUnknown

Total

1895. 1896.

Male. Female.

111

5

350

Male.

220

15

11

1

1

"i'7

2235

"m9

49

397

Female.

65

270

1*M)

Table III.

Education of Patients.

Education.

1895.

Male. Female.

AciKleniicCollegeCommon school

.

ConventFairGoodHigfh schoolLimitedParochialReadRead and write .

NoneUnknovm

Total

38

195

99314

330

I

1

10431

1

1

592211

220

1896.

Male. Female.

293.....

511

152638

397

412

243

270

197

Table IV.

Civil Condiiion of Patients.

li)b

Table V.

Habits of Patients.

199

Table VI.

Occupations of Patienis.

Occupations.

TahJe T/.— Continued.

•

Occupations.

201

Table r/.—Concludt'd.

Occupations.

Rag dealerRailroad manRailroad spotter..Rattan workerReal estate agent.RestaurantRoofer

SailorSalesmanSaloon keeper•Sand-paper machine operatorSchool boySchool girlSeamstressShoemakerSmelterSoldierSporting womanSteam titter

Stone cutterStone paverStore keeperStudentSurveyorSwitchman

TailorTannerTeacherTeamsterTelegraph operatorTinsmithTrack repairerTramp*Travelling agentTurkish bath attendent.Umbrella menderU. S. Dept. marshallUpholstererWaiterWatch makerWheelwrightWood turner"General work"'UnknownKone

Total

1895. 1896.

Male. Female.

350

Male. Female.

220 397

1342

270

' Typesetter.

202

COOK COUNTY INFIRMARY.

Table I.

A(j<'s of liniHtfi'S OH Aduti'ssioii.

Ages.

1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896.

Below 15

208

Table II.

Civil Condition of Inmates.

204

Table III.

Nativity of In mates.

205

Table IV.

Occupation of Inmates—Males.

Occupation. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896.

LaborerCarpenter, cabinetmakerShoemakerTailorTeamster, hostler, driver, etcBlacksmith, horseshoer, etcMachinistClerk, bookkeeper, etcPainter and paperhangerCookButcherPeddlerSailorRailroad man (brake and switchmen, etc.Farmer*MiscellaneousNot given

Totals

l,133i122465310247366179753261

431

1261717154

2.834

1,826117

5861

13760578587874666648452969179

4.035

1,627

206

Miscellaneous—Continued.

Book agent.

207

MisceUdiH'oiis—Coutinuod.

Lather.

208

Miaci'Uaneous—Concluded.

Variety :ictor.

209

Table V.

Disahilitij of Iinudtes.

Disability.

1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896.

DestitutionRheumatismTuberculosisVenereal diseaseEpilepsyParalysisDisease in generalInjury or accidentRuptured and crippledBlindnessSenilityAlcoholismConvalescentPregnancyMiscellaneous *

Not given

Total

334516273318428S8385502293110613221

53236

2608955871518

11345267

1749712

194

3.768 1,012

584

210

Table I.

Ages of Mothers.

Obstetrical Records.

211

Table II.

Civil Condition.

212

Table III.

Nativity of Inmates.

213

Table IV.

Occupation of 3IoUie>\

214

Table V.

Religion.

215

EXAMINATION OF RECORDS.

In addition to the examination of the records shown above, an in-

quiry as to the infirmary popvilation was made at the same time bymeans of personal interviews with the inmates.*

The result of this inquiry is shown in the following tabulation,

covering T()0 men and 318 women, or about 89 per cent, of the in-

firmary population at the time of the inquir3^ A statement regard-

ing 34 children present is also given. The remainder of the popula-tion either are of such low mental or physical development as to havebeen always dependents, or they have sunk into such imbecility that

no information can be obtained from them.

The inquiry was intended to cover only those who had, for somereasons, fallen from their position of self-su^jport. The statementregarding the children is given because of the information of their

parentage which it contains, and because of its bearing upon thecare of dependent children and feeble-minded women, mentioned in

the main body of this report. The form of the schedule used is

given below, preceding the tables. It contains twenty-nine ques-tions. The first twenty are those propounded by the Committee of

Fifty, who requested the cooperation of this Board in their study of

the liquor problem. The remaining nine questions were added withthe purpose of drawing out information as to the degree of skill or

efficiency attained by the inmate; whether his presence in the alms-house was due to accident or injury incurred in course of occupa-tion; whether his relatives were able to supx3ort, or were themselvesdependent: whether inmate had become permanently incapable of

self-support, and had been in receipt of relief before coming to this

country, if not native born.

The additional information column throws light upon these ques-tions, and on tabulating the schedules it was found that a fair sum-mary could be best presented under the headings shown at the top of

the primary tables. As is mentioned below, some of the ([uestions

proved fruitless.

Of course, the age column ca]i be approximate only in many cases.

The danger is that the age if not stated would be overestimated,since the hardships of life so early give the imjtression of extremeage.

* Note.—The oi-itrinal selunlules upon "iiicli r!iis t.ilmhition is bnseil were iirincipallyfilled out by Mr. Walter Vose (iulicu. ile ;.lso very <-:trefully perturiiieil the work of pre-paring- the tables from them.

210

As will be seen by the table, only 76. or 10 per cent., of the menwere born in the United States with both parents American: and 49of the women, or about 15i per cent., were born in the United States,

of American parents, or about Hi per cent, of all the inmates exam-ined were American born, with both parents American born; 592men and 211 women, or 74.'> per cent, of the whole number, were bornabroad, and 1()S men and 107 women, or 25o per cent, of the wholenumber, were born in the United States.

The columns entitled "Trade Learned" and "Occupation" wereplaced side by side to show the departure from trade, when it oc-

curred, and to place in juxtaposition the trades learned and the

other occupations followed. It will be seen that out of the 7(iO men.485. or (54 per cent., never learned a trade. Of the 275 who did learn

a trade. 51 lost it, of whom 29 became laborers, and most of the

others took up inferior occupations. In certain instances an occu-pation, such as cook or confectioner, has been named in one place as

a trade and in another omitted from that column. The reason for

this discrimination is that the man has sometimes spent a definite

period in learning his trade, while another has simply jncked up a

little knowledge and has never possessed the same degree of skill.

COX.TUGAL CONDITION.

It will be noted that the only conditions named are married, sin-

gle or widowed. Divorced does not appear. This fact is due to the

costliness of divorce and not to any lack of separation and deser-

tions of varying degrees of permanancy. The frequency of infor-

mal separations is a familiar fact to all who know the class fromwhich the almshouse i^opulation is drawn.

It is possibly true that men are more likely to deny marriage whenit has existed, and women more liable to claim marriage who havenot been married.

EDUCATION.

It will be seen that 487 men and 165 women claim that they canread and write English. Any acquaintance with such a j)opulation

as this, however, shows how little power to give or obtain informa-

tion by reading and writing is possessed by most of the people whosa}' that they can read and write, and the writing of a letter is

usually undertaken but seldom in a lifetime.

IMMEDIATE CAUSE OF DEPENDENCY.

To name one comprehensive reason for pauperism in any given

case is arbitrary and inconclusive—sometimes absurd. Even in at-

tempting to indicate the "immediate cause of dependency" there is

great difficulty. In doing this the purpose has been to name the

adequate and immediate cause, if it could be found, and if several

causes were so strong that it was impossible to discriminate, to set

them down in such order as seemed fair. Of course in doing this

217

mucli ill t\\v character, environment and linhit of the pauper is

ignored. Not only is this true, but in many instances the causes

—

when more than one have been mentioned—might have been re-

versed or others added with perhaps as good ground as the presentarrangement has. Accident is important a cause of dependency that

we have inserted it although if this covers 10 cases of blindness notset down elsewhere. Among the accident cases is found of course a

larger proportion than under any other head of those whosepresence here can hot be charged to any inherent defect of mind or

body. Again the accident which deprives a ditcher or railroad

laborer, with his limited education and adaiitability, of a leg or armmay easily "drive him to drink." The accident so limits his powerof usefulness within certain employments that a degree of drinkwdiich he might perhaps have allowed himself without loss of em-ployment before, is now fatal. Old age as a disability may be fairly

set down as an immediate cause, or at least a sufficient cause whenthe inmate is over iib, even if some other cause is assigned. Sincein connection with the other disadvantages of the unskilled man thefact of age determines against him in favor of younger men withemployers. It will be seen that sickness is given in the great ma-jority of cases, man}- of the inmates have recovered from the sick-

ness which first caused their admission but lack the energy and vigor

to undertake a fresh start, or to sustain themselves long outside.

LIQUOR HABITS.

In considering the liquor habits the distinction made between theoccasional drinker ( (). D. ) and the habitual drinker (H. D. ) has beenone of degree rather than of time. Thus H. D. would indicate notonly the person who regularly used alcoholic drinks to excess, butalso the one who went on a periodical spree, or who admitted that

the use of liquor interfered with his or her regular duties, while ().

D. has been taken to include any one asserting no more than a tem-perate use of liquor, whether taken regularly or not, and includingall those who could not be marked T. A. Thus there have beenwomen and some men marked O. D. whose indulgence has been veryslight and broken by long intervals. The relation of the liquorhabits of the pauper to the cause of dependency is a complicatedquestion in most of the cases tabulated. Over 85 per cent, of theinmates acknowledge the use of liquor to some extent, but it is

mentioned in this tabulation as the immediate cause onl}- wdien it

was beyond question and admitted by the inmate. The coincidenceof drink and i^resence in this almshouse is shown in the cases of 708men and 211 women. One hundred and ninety-eight men and 18women are classed as habitual drinkers. Every observer will havehis own opinion as to the proportion of casualty in relation of drinkto dependency in the statement as a whole. This inquiry has beenlimited to ascertaining and submitting facts as fairly and completelyas i)racticable in the desire to furnish material for the study of this

problem.

218

The number of cases sent from the Cook County Hospital to theInfirmary to convalesce, is worthy of attention and suggests the])r()l)able economy of a convalescent home to which, for example, alaborer who has been injured while at work could be sent for recoverywithout undergoing the humiliation and conseciuent weakening of

energy and inilependence which he undergoes when sent to the alms-house for convalescence.

PREVIOUS RELIEF.

It was found to be impossible to secure information as to what, if

any, was received outside of this countrJ^ The questions were an-swered uniformly in the negative, or else the mind of the inmate wasa blank on the subject. The large jjroportion of the foreign-born,particularly the Irish, came to this country many years ago. some-times when mere children. Over 4(X) stated that they had been pre-

viously in the Cook County Poorhouse. but hardly one named anyother institution of the same sort either here or abroad.

Several questions in regard to the dependency of relatives were at-

tempted, but this part of the inquiry broke down, for a large i^ropor-

tion of the inmates had lost all knowledge of their kin-folk,—ten,

twenty or thirty years had jDassed without any communication be-

tween them. The reasons for this severing of family ties varied, butwere often of a trivial sort; a letter unanswered or gone astray mightbe responsible.

We call attention to the fact that the frequency with wliich pre-

vious stays in the poorhouse are acknowledged shows, as we havementioned above, the necessity of allowing a large error in the totals

of the Infirmary records as given, and is a strong argviment for a sys-

tem of keeping records which shall show whether inmates are newcases or not.

In examining this tabulation, it must be borne in mind always that

it is descriptive but not statistical, in the exact use of that term. Independing upon interviews with persons of this class for information,

there is room for inaccuracy, even when no intention or purpose to

deceive exists, as has been pointed out frequently by writers onpauperism. However, there is certainly enough truth in the state-

ment to make it worth study as descriptive of 1,078 persons, all of

whom have been self-supporting outside the almshouse. The studyof the 34 supposably normal children in the Infirmary at date of in-

qiiiry, suggests the burden entailed u^Don the public from one irre-

sponsible generation to another.

219

ABBREVIATIONS.

Conj. cond

220

COOK COl^XTY INFIRMAKY

L'luler 20.20-3030-4040-5050-6060-7070-8080-1)0

flO-100

Total.

Ages of Inmates.

Ages.

760

Men.

221

Conjugal Condition of Inmates.

Conjugal Condition.

222

Trades Le<irned—Concluded.

Trade.

Piiper makfrPiano varnisher . .

.

N'jiil makerWo(><l turnerCoppcrsinitliElectrotyperWiij makerMetal stamperLitliofrrapherConfectionerStair builderSteam fitterBook binderWatch makerWa^on makerBrass finisherPattern makerCar builderInstrument makerGlazierBrush makerPlastererMetal polisherBrick makerType casterIron melterDyerTent makerSprintr makerMiller

Total

Number.

275

Occupation—Men.

Worked at tradeLost tradeNever had trade.

Total

22451

485

760

Occupation of those ivho lost Trade.

Occupation. Number.

LaborerLaundry work.

.

3IerchantPeddlerRagpickerClerkFai'merCandy standTeamsterWaiterPorterRestaurantSailorFlagmanNurseNot ascertained

Total

228

Occnpaiion of those who never had Trade.

Occupation.

LaborerPeddler.SoldierTeamsterJockySailorParmer€lerkHotel keeperSalesmanCaptainWaiterFiremanWatchmanMusi ianPressmanTeacherBookkeeperCivil engineerCookPrinterTailor shopCanvasserLaundry workBrakenianHostlerCarpet layerJanitorMerchantTelegraph operator.PorterSheep shearingMinerSaloonCoachmanHack driverArchitectNurseBartenderGardenerOil testerOdd JobsFloristLawyerAgentPaperhangerBroom makerButtonhole machineRestaurantGatemanNoneNot ascertained

Total

Read and Write English.

Read and Write English.

224

En<jUi>h Spoken.

English Spoken.

225

Liquor Habits of Inmates.

Habit.

22H

Children.

227

Length of Fresenf Sfaij

Under three mouths 22Three months to one year _ 12

Total '.

34

Immediate Cause of Dependency.

Born in Infirmary.Came with motherSicknessNo liomeMental deticiency.

Total 3(

Occupation— Women.

DomesticsOther occupation

.Sales girlLaundry work ...

Tailor shopSeamstressCookWaitressRestaurant work.WeaverNurseMillinerHotel keeper*Factory workWashingNone..Not ascertained..

Total

264

J4

1

122

117

331

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Biennial report of the Board of State Commissioners of Public ...

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